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Synthesis, Processing and Application of Micro and Nanostructured Materials
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Special Issue "Synthesis, Processing and Application of Micro and Nanostructured Materials"
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A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991).
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2020) | Viewed by 51657
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Special Issue Editor
Dr. Bogdan Stefan Vasile
Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: inorganic materials; re-generating (raw) materials; end-of-life products; innovative bionanomaterials; transmission electron microscopy
Special Issue in Nanomaterials: Microscopy of nanomaterials
Special Issue in Materials: Circular Economy - Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Binders: Processing, Design, Characterization and Performance
Special Issue in Nanomaterials: Nanomaterials Applied in Regenerative Healing and Scar Free Healing Current Concepts and Future Perspectives
Special Issue in Pharmaceutics: Sustainable Materials and Technologies for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
Special Issue in Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Multipurpose Applications of Advanced Micro and Nanomaterials Used in Life and Materials Science
Nanostructured materials have been part of the scientific community for the last one or two decades, and still present a well-studied interest for all domains, from life sciences to materials science domains. Nanostructured sciences have been part of our area of research, and they have the potential to help make revolutionary discoveries based on their modified properties compared with micro-structured materials. Nanostructured materials are key to discovering new products based on new technologies.
This chapter is focused on finding new state-of-the-art and dairying methods for the synthesis and processing of nanostructured materials. The domains for usage of these materials are both in life and materials science with applications from biomedical devices, drug delivery systems, medical imaging to multiferoic materials, high-energy batteries, capacitors, superconductors, and aerospace components. The main aspect to keep in mind for this Special Issue of Nanomaterials is that it will attempt to cover the recent advances of the synthesis, processing, and application of micro and nanostructured materials.
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Nanostructured materials
Unconventional synthesis
Size-dependent propertyes
Nanoprocesing
Zero-dimensional nanostructures: nanoparticles
One-dimensional nanostructures: nanowires and nanorods
Two-dimensional nanostructures: thin films
Nanomaterials manufacturing
Carbon-based nanomaterials
Published Papers (17 papers)
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Supplementary File 1 (PDF, 632 KiB)
Morphological, Optical, and Electrical Properties of p-Type Nickel Oxide Thin Films by Nonvacuum Deposition
Chien-Chen Diao
Chun-Yuan Huang
Cheng-Fu Yang
Chia-Ching Wu
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(4), 636; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040636 - 29 Mar 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3182
In this study, a p-type 2 at% lithium-doped nickel oxide (abbreviation L2NiO) solution was prepared using Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, and LiNO3·L2NiO thin films were deposited using an atomizer by spraying the L2NiO solution onto a glass substrate. [...] Read more.
In this study, a p-type 2 at% lithium-doped nickel oxide (abbreviation L2NiO) solution was prepared using Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, and LiNO3·L2NiO thin films were deposited using an atomizer by spraying the L2NiO solution onto a glass substrate. The sprayed specimen was heated at a low temperature (140 °C) and annealed at different high temperatures and times. This method can reduce the evaporation ratio of the L2NiO solution, affording high-order nucleating points on the substrate. The L2NiO thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and electrical properties. The figure of merit (FOM) for L2NiO thin films was calculated by Haacke's formula, and the maximum value was found to be 5.3 × 10−6 Ω−1. FOM results revealed that the L2NiO thin films annealed at 600 °C for 3 h exhibited satisfactory optical and electrical characteristics for photoelectric device applications. Finally, a transparent heterojunction diode was successfully prepared using the L2NiO/indium tin oxide (ITO) structure. The current–voltage characteristics revealed that the transparent heterojunction diode exhibited rectifying properties, with a turn-on voltage of 1.04 V, a leakage current of 1.09 × 10−4 A/cm2 (at 1.1 V), and an ideality factor of n = 0.46. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Processing and Application of Micro and Nanostructured Materials)
Vertically Aligned Single-Crystalline CoFe2O4 Nanobrush Architectures with High Magnetization and Tailored Magnetic Anisotropy
Lisha Fan
Xiang Gao
Thomas O. Farmer
Dongkyu Lee
Er-Jia Guo
Sai Mu
Kai Wang
Michael R. Fitzsimmons
Matthew F. Chisholm
Thomas Z. Ward
Gyula Eres
Ho Nyung Lee
Micrometer-tall vertically aligned single-crystalline CoFe2O4 nanobrush architectures with extraordinarily large aspect ratio have been achieved by the precise control of a kinetic and thermodynamic non-equilibrium pulsed laser epitaxy process. Direct observations by scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal that the nanobrush [...] Read more.
Micrometer-tall vertically aligned single-crystalline CoFe2O4 nanobrush architectures with extraordinarily large aspect ratio have been achieved by the precise control of a kinetic and thermodynamic non-equilibrium pulsed laser epitaxy process. Direct observations by scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal that the nanobrush crystal is mostly defect-free by nature, and epitaxially connected to the substrate through a continuous 2D interface layer. In contrast, periodic dislocations and lattice defects such as anti-phase boundaries and twin boundaries are frequently observed in the 2D interface layer, suggesting that interface misfit strain relaxation under a non-equilibrium growth condition plays a critical role in the self-assembly of such artificial architectures. Magnetic property measurements have found that the nanobrushes exhibit a saturation magnetization value of 6.16 μB/f.u., which is much higher than the bulk value. The discovery not only enables insights into an effective route for fabricating unconventional high-quality nanostructures, but also demonstrates a novel magnetic architecture with potential applications in nanomagnetic devices. Full article
Defect Structure Determination of GaN Films in GaN/AlN/Si Heterostructures by HR-TEM, XRD, and Slow Positrons Experiments
Vladimir Lucian Ene
Doru Dinescu
Nikolay Djourelov
Iulia Zai
Bogdan Stefan Vasile
Andreea Bianca Serban
Victor Leca
Ecaterina Andronescu
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(2), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020197 - 23 Jan 2020
The present article evaluates, in qualitative and quantitative manners, the characteristics (i.e., thickness of layers, crystal structures, growth orientation, elemental diffusion depths, edge, and screw dislocation densities), within two GaN/AlN/Si heterostructures, that alter their efficiencies as positron moderators. The structure of the GaN [...] Read more.
The present article evaluates, in qualitative and quantitative manners, the characteristics (i.e., thickness of layers, crystal structures, growth orientation, elemental diffusion depths, edge, and screw dislocation densities), within two GaN/AlN/Si heterostructures, that alter their efficiencies as positron moderators. The structure of the GaN film, AlN buffer layer, substrate, and their growth relationships were determined through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Data resulting from high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) was mathematically modeled to extract dislocation densities and correlation lengths in the GaN film. Positron depth profiling was evaluated through an experimental Doppler broadening spectroscopy (DBS) study, in order to quantify the effective positron diffusion length. The differences in values for both edge ( ρ d e ) and screw ( ρ d s ) dislocation densities, and correlation lengths (Le, Ls) found in the 690 nm GaN film, were associated with the better effective positron diffusion length (Leff) of L eff GaN 2 = 43 ± 6 nm. Full article
Strong Biomimetic Immobilization of Pt-Particle Catalyst on ABS Substrate Using Polydopamine and Its Application for Contact-Lens Cleaning with H2O2
Yuji Ohkubo
Tomonori Aoki
Daisuke Kaibara
Satoshi Seino
Osamu Mori
Rie Sasaki
Katsuyoshi Endo
Kazuya Yamamura
Polydopamine (PDA)—a known adhesive coating material—was used herein to strongly immobilize a Pt-particle catalyst on an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS) substrate. Previous studies have shown that the poor adhesion between Pt particles and ABS surfaces is a considerable problem, leading to low catalytic durability [...] Read more.
Polydopamine (PDA)—a known adhesive coating material—was used herein to strongly immobilize a Pt-particle catalyst on an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS) substrate. Previous studies have shown that the poor adhesion between Pt particles and ABS surfaces is a considerable problem, leading to low catalytic durability for H2O2 decomposition during contact-lens cleaning. First, the ABS substrate was coated with PDA, and the PDA film was evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Second, Pt particles were immobilized on the PDA-coated ABS substrate (ABS-PDA) using the electron-beam irradiation reduction method. The Pt particles immobilized on ABS-PDA (Pt/ABS-PDA) were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The Pt-loading weight was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Third, the catalytic activity of the Pt/ABS-PDA was evaluated as the residual H2O2 concentration after immersing it in a 35,000-ppm H2O2 solution (the target value was less than 100 ppm). The catalytic durability was evaluated as the residual H2O2 concentration after repeated use. The PDA coating drastically improved both the catalytic activity and durability because of the high Pt-loading weight and strong adhesion among Pt particles, PDA, and the ABS substrate. Plasma treatment prior to PDA coating further improved the catalytic durability. Full article
Ferroelectric Diode Effect with Temperature Stability of Double Perovskite Bi2NiMnO6 Thin Films
Wen-Min Zhong
Qiu-Xiang Liu
Xin-Gui Tang
Yan-Ping Jiang
Wen-Hua Li
Wan-Peng Li
Tie-Dong Cheng
Nanomaterials 2019, 9(12), 1783; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9121783 - 15 Dec 2019
Double perovskite Bi2NiMnO6 (BNMO) thin films grown on p-Si (100) substrates with LaNiO3 (LNO) buffer layers were fabricated using chemical solution deposition. The crystal structure, surface topography, surface chemical state, ferroelectric, and current-voltage characteristics of BNMO thin films were [...] Read more.
Double perovskite Bi2NiMnO6 (BNMO) thin films grown on p-Si (100) substrates with LaNiO3 (LNO) buffer layers were fabricated using chemical solution deposition. The crystal structure, surface topography, surface chemical state, ferroelectric, and current-voltage characteristics of BNMO thin films were investigated. The results show that the nanocrystalline BNMO thin films on p-Si substrates without and with LNO buffer layer are monoclinic phase, which have antiferroelectric-like properties. The composition and chemical state of BNMO thin films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the whole electrical property testing process, when the BNMO/p-Si heterojunction changed into a BNMO/LNO/p-Si heterojunction, the diode behavior of a single diode changing into two tail to tail diodes was observed. The conduction mechanism and temperature stability were also discussed. Full article
Electrochemical Deposition of Silicon-Carbon Films: A Study on the Nucleation and Growth Mechanism
Nina K. Plugotarenko
Tatiana N. Myasoedova
Mikhail N. Grigoryev
Tatiana S. Mikhailova
Silicon-carbon films have been deposited on silicon and Al2O3/Cr-Cu substrates, making use of the electrolysis of methanol/dimethylformamide-hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) solutions. The electrodeposited films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Moreover, the nucleation and growth mechanism of [...] Read more.
Silicon-carbon films have been deposited on silicon and Al2O3/Cr-Cu substrates, making use of the electrolysis of methanol/dimethylformamide-hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) solutions. The electrodeposited films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Moreover, the nucleation and growth mechanism of the films were studied from the experimental current transients. Full article
Influence of Sintering Strategy on the Characteristics of Sol-Gel Ba1−xCexTi1−x/4O3 Ceramics
Cătălina A. Stanciu
Ioana Pintilie
Adrian Surdu
Roxana Truşcă
Bogdan S. Vasile
Mihai Eftimie
Adelina C. Ianculescu
Nanomaterials 2019, 9(12), 1675; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9121675 - 23 Nov 2019
Single-phase Ce3+-doped BaTiO3 powders described by the nominal formula Ba1−xCexTi1−x/4O3 with x = 0.005 and 0.05 were synthesized by the acetate variant of the sol-gel method. The structural parameters, particle [...] Read more.
Single-phase Ce3+-doped BaTiO3 powders described by the nominal formula Ba1−xCexTi1−x/4O3 with x = 0.005 and 0.05 were synthesized by the acetate variant of the sol-gel method. The structural parameters, particle size, and morphology are strongly dependent on the Ce3+ content. From these powders, dense ceramics were prepared by conventional sintering at 1300 °C for 2 h, as well as by spark plasma sintering at 1050 °C for 2 min. For the conventionally sintered ceramics, the XRD data and the dielectric and hysteresis measurements reveal that at room temperature, the specimen with low cerium content (x = 0.005) was in the ferroelectric state, while the samples with significantly higher Ce3+ concentration (x = 0.05) were found to be in the proximity of the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition. The sample with low solute content after spark plasma sintering exhibited insulating behavior, with significantly higher values of relative permittivity and dielectric losses over the entire investigated temperature range relative to the conventionally sintered sample of similar composition. The spark-plasma-sintered Ce-BaTiO3 specimen with high solute content (x = 0.05) showed a fine-grained microstructure and an almost temperature-independent colossal dielectric constant which originated from very high interfacial polarization. Full article
Cultivar-Dependent Anticancer and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Leaves of Different Olea Europaea Trees
Valeria De Matteis
Loris Rizzello
Chiara Ingrosso
Eva Liatsi-Douvitsa
Maria Luisa De Giorgi
Giovanni De Matteis
Rosaria Rinaldi
Nanomaterials 2019, 9(11), 1544; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9111544 - 30 Oct 2019
The green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is currently under worldwide investigation as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional routes (NPs): the absence of toxic solvents and catalysts make it suitable in the design of promising nanomaterials for nanomedicine applications. In this work, we used [...] Read more.
The green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is currently under worldwide investigation as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional routes (NPs): the absence of toxic solvents and catalysts make it suitable in the design of promising nanomaterials for nanomedicine applications. In this work, we used the extracts collected from leaves of two cultivars (Leccino and Carolea) belonging to the species Olea Europaea, to synthesize silver NPs (AgNPs) in different pH conditions and low temperature. NPs underwent full morphological characterization with the aim to define a suitable protocol to obtain a monodispersed population of AgNPs. Afterwards, to validate the reproducibility of the mentioned synthetic procedure, we moved on to another Mediterranean plant, the Laurus Nobilis. Interestingly, the NPs obtained using the two olive cultivars produced NPs with different shape and size, strictly depending on the cultivar selected and pH. Furthermore, the potential ability to inhibit the growth of two woman cancer cells (breast adenocarcinoma cells, MCF-7 and human cervical epithelioid carcinoma, HeLa) were assessed for these AgNPs, as well as their capability to mitigate the bacteria concentration in samples of contaminated well water. Our results showed that toxicity was stronger when MCF-7 and Hela cells were exposed to AgNPs derived from Carolea obtained at pH 7 presenting irregular shape; on the other hand, greater antibacterial effect was revealed using AgNPs obtained at pH 8 (smaller and monodispersed) on well water, enriched with bacteria and coliforms. Full article
Formation of Nanospikes on AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel under Gallium Ion Bombardment
Zoran Cenev
Malte Bartenwerfer
Waldemar Klauser
Ville Jokinen
Sergej Fatikow
Quan Zhou
The focused ion beam (FIB) has proven to be an extremely powerful tool for the nanometer-scale machining and patterning of nanostructures. In this work, we experimentally study the behavior of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel when bombarded by Ga+ ions in a [...] Read more.
The focused ion beam (FIB) has proven to be an extremely powerful tool for the nanometer-scale machining and patterning of nanostructures. In this work, we experimentally study the behavior of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel when bombarded by Ga+ ions in a FIB system. The results show the formation of nanometer sized spiky structures. Utilizing the nanospiking effect, we fabricated a single-tip needle with a measured 15.15 nanometer curvature radius and a microneedle with a nanometer sized spiky surface. The nanospikes can be made straight or angled, depending on the incident angle between the sample and the beam. We also show that the nanospiking effect is present in ferritic AISI 430 stainless steel. The weak occurrence of the nanospiking effect in between nano-rough regions (nano-cliffs) was also witnessed for austenitic AISI 316 and martensitic AISI 431 stainless steel samples. Full article
Enhanced Protective Coatings Based on Nanoparticle fullerene C60 for Oil & Gas Pipeline Corrosion Mitigation
Xingyu Wang
Fujian Tang
Xiaoning Qi
Zhibin Lin
Dante Battocchi
Corrosion accounts for huge maintenance cost in the pipeline community. Promotion of protective coatings used for oil/gas pipeline corrosion control, in terms of high corrosion resistance as well as high damage tolerance, are still in high demand. This study was to explore the [...] Read more.
Corrosion accounts for huge maintenance cost in the pipeline community. Promotion of protective coatings used for oil/gas pipeline corrosion control, in terms of high corrosion resistance as well as high damage tolerance, are still in high demand. This study was to explore the inclusion of nanoparticle fullerene-C60 in protective coatings for oil/gas pipeline corrosion control and mitigation. Fullerene-C60/epoxy nanocomposite coatings were fabricated using a solvent-free dispersion method through high-speed disk (HSD) and ultrasonication. The morphology of fullerene-C60 particles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The data analysis indicated that the nanoparticles were effectively dispersed in the matrix. The performance of the nanocomposites was investigated through their mechanical and electrochemical properties, including corrosion potential, tensile strength, strain at failure, adhesion to substrate, and durability performance. Dogbone shaped samples were fabricated to study the tensile properties of the nanocomposites, and improvement of strength, ultimate strain, and Young's modulus were observed in the C60/epoxy specimens. The results demonstrated that the C60/epoxy composite coatings also had improvements in adhesion strength, suggesting that they could provide high damage tolerance of coatings for engineering applications. Moreover, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results generated from the accelerated durability test revealed that the developed fullerene-C60 loaded composite coatings exhibited significantly improved corrosion resistance. The nanocomposite with 0.5 and 1.0 wt.% of C60 particles behaved as an intact layer for corrosion protection, even after 200-h salt spray exposure, as compared to the control coating without nanofiller in which severe damage by over 50% reduction was observed. Full article
Bi1−xEuxFeO3 Powders: Synthesis, Characterization, Magnetic and Photoluminescence Properties
Vasile-Adrian Surdu
Roxana Doina Trușcă
Bogdan Ștefan Vasile
Ovidiu Cristian Oprea
Eugenia Tanasă
Lucian Diamandescu
Adelina Carmen Ianculescu
Europium substituted bismuth ferrite powders were synthesized by the sol-gel technique. The precursor xerogel was characterized by thermal analysis. Bi1−xEuxFeO3 (x = 0–0.20) powders obtained after thermal treatment of the xerogel at 600 °C for 30 min were [...] Read more.
Europium substituted bismuth ferrite powders were synthesized by the sol-gel technique. The precursor xerogel was characterized by thermal analysis. Bi1−xEuxFeO3 (x = 0–0.20) powders obtained after thermal treatment of the xerogel at 600 °C for 30 min were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Magnetic behavior at room temperature was tested using vibrating sample magnetometry. The comparative results showed that europium has a beneficial effect on the stabilization of the perovskite structure and induced a weak ferromagnetism. The particle size decreases after the introduction of Eu3+ from 167 nm for x = 0 to 51 nm for x = 0.20. Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed the enhancement of the characteristic emission peaks intensity with the increase of Eu3+ concentration. Full article
Novel Nanocomposites Based on Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles and Polyacrylamide: Preparation and Complex Characterization
Eugenia Tanasa
Catalin Zaharia
Ionut-Cristian Radu
Celina-Maria Damian
Nanomaterials 2019, 9(10), 1384; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9101384 - 27 Sep 2019
This paper reports the synthesis and complex characterization of nanocomposite hydrogels based on polyacrylamide and functionalized magnetite nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized with double bonds by 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate. Nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by radical polymerization of acrylamide monomer and double bond modified [...] Read more.
This paper reports the synthesis and complex characterization of nanocomposite hydrogels based on polyacrylamide and functionalized magnetite nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized with double bonds by 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate. Nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by radical polymerization of acrylamide monomer and double bond modified magnetite nanoparticles. XPS spectra for magnetite and modified magnetite were recorded to evaluate the covalent bonding of silane modifying agent. Swelling measurements in saline solution were performed to evaluate the behavior of these hydrogels having various compositions. Mechanical properties were evaluated by dynamic rheological analysis for elastic modulus and vibrating sample magnetometry was used to investigate the magnetic properties. Morphology, geometrical evaluation (size and shape) of nanostructural characteristics and the crystalline structure of the samples were investigated by SEM, HR-TEM and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The nanocomposite hydrogels will be further tested for the soft tissue engineering field as repairing scaffolds, due to their mechanical and magnetization behavior that can stimulate tissue regeneration. Full article
Photoluminescent Hydroxylapatite: Eu3+ Doping Effect on Biological Behaviour
Daniela Predoi
Ionela Andreea Neacsu
Andrei Viorel Paduraru
Adina Magdalena Musuc
Roxana Trusca
Ovidiu Oprea
Otilia Ruxandra Vasile
Adrian Ionut Nicoara
, Adrian Vasile Surdu,
Florin Iordache
Alexandra Catalina Birca
Simona Liliana Iconaru
Nanomaterials 2019, 9(9), 1187; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9091187 - 22 Aug 2019
Luminescent europium-doped hydroxylapatite (EuXHAp) nanomaterials were successfully obtained by co-precipitation method at low temperature. The morphological, structural and optical properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis and [...] Read more.
Luminescent europium-doped hydroxylapatite (EuXHAp) nanomaterials were successfully obtained by co-precipitation method at low temperature. The morphological, structural and optical properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of EuXHAp were also evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)) assay, oxidative stress assessment and fluorescent microscopy. The results reveal that the Eu3+ has successfully doped the hexagonal lattice of hydroxylapatite. By enhancing the optical features, these EuXHAp materials demonstrated superior efficiency to become fluorescent labelling materials for bioimaging applications. Full article
Stretchable and Low-Haze Ag-Nanowire-Network 2-D Films Embedded into a Cross-linked Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer
Ki-Wook Lee
Yong-Hoe Kim
Wen Xuan Du
Jin-Yeol Kim
Nanomaterials 2019, 9(4), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9040576 - 09 Apr 2019
We report the fabrication of stretchable transparent electrode films (STEF) using 15-nm-diameter Ag nanowires networks embedded into a cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. 15-nm-diameter Ag NWs with a high aspect ratio (˃1000) were synthesized through pressure-induced polyol synthesis in the presence of AgCl particles with [...] Read more.
We report the fabrication of stretchable transparent electrode films (STEF) using 15-nm-diameter Ag nanowires networks embedded into a cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. 15-nm-diameter Ag NWs with a high aspect ratio (˃1000) were synthesized through pressure-induced polyol synthesis in the presence of AgCl particles with KBr. These Ag NW network-based STEF exhibited considerably low haze values (<1.5%) with a transparency of 90% despite the low sheet resistance of 20 Ω/sq. The STEF exhibited an outstanding mechanical elasticity of up to 20% and no visible change occurred in the sheet resistance after 100 cycles at a stretching-release test of 20%. Full article
Jump to: Research
Fly Ash, from Recycling to Potential Raw Material for Mesoporous Silica Synthesis
Marius Gheorghe Miricioiu
Violeta-Carolina Niculescu
In order to meet the increasing energy demand and to decrease the dependency on coal, environmentally friendly methods for fly ash utilization are required. In this respect, the priority is to identify the fly ash properties and to consider its potential as raw [...] Read more.
In order to meet the increasing energy demand and to decrease the dependency on coal, environmentally friendly methods for fly ash utilization are required. In this respect, the priority is to identify the fly ash properties and to consider its potential as raw material in the obtaining of high-value materials. The physico-chemical and structural characteristics of the fly ash coming from various worldwide power plants are briefly presented. The fly ash was sampled from power plants where the combustion of lignite and hard coal in pulverized-fuel boilers (PC) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers was applied. The fly ash has high silica content. Due to this, the fly ash can be considered a potential raw material for the synthesis of nanoporous materials, such as zeolites or mesoporous silica. The samples with the highest content of SiO2 can be used to obtain mesoporous silica materials, such as MCM-41 or SBA-15. The resulting mesoporous silica can be used for removing/capture of CO2 from emissions or for wastewater treatment. The synthesis of various porous materials using wastes would allow a high level of recycling for a sustainable society with low environmental impact. Full article
Ceramic Composite Materials Obtained by Electron-Beam Physical Vapor Deposition Used as Thermal Barriers in the Aerospace Industry
Vasile Adrian Surdu
Adrian Ionut Nicoară
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(2), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020370 - 20 Feb 2020
This paper is focused on the basic properties of ceramic composite materials used as thermal barrier coatings in the aerospace industry like SiC, ZrC, ZrB2 etc., and summarizes some principal properties for thermal barrier coatings. Although the aerospace industry is mainly based [...] Read more.
This paper is focused on the basic properties of ceramic composite materials used as thermal barrier coatings in the aerospace industry like SiC, ZrC, ZrB2 etc., and summarizes some principal properties for thermal barrier coatings. Although the aerospace industry is mainly based on metallic materials, a more attractive approach is represented by ceramic materials that are often more resistant to corrosion, oxidation and wear having at the same time suitable thermal properties. It is known that the space environment presents extreme conditions that challenge aerospace scientists, but simultaneously, presents opportunities to produce materials that behave almost ideally in this environment. Used even today, metal-matrix composites (MMCs) have been developed since the beginning of the space era due to their high specific stiffness and low thermal expansion coefficient. These types of composites possess properties such as high-temperature resistance and high strength, and those potential benefits led to the use of MMCs for supreme space system requirements in the late 1980s. Electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) is the technology that helps to obtain the composite materials that ultimately have optimal properties for the space environment, and ceramics that broadly meet the requirements for the space industry can be silicon carbide that has been developed as a standard material very quickly, possessing many advantages. One of the most promising ceramics for ultrahigh temperature applications could be zirconium carbide (ZrC) because of its remarkable properties and the competence to form unwilling oxide scales at high temperatures, but at the same time it is known that no material can have all the ideal properties. Another promising material in coating for components used for ultra-high temperature applications as thermal protection systems is zirconium diboride (ZrB2), due to its high melting point, high thermal conductivities, and relatively low density. Some composite ceramic materials like carbon–carbon fiber reinforced SiC, SiC-SiC, ZrC-SiC, ZrB2-SiC, etc., possessing low thermal conductivities have been used as thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials to increase turbine inlet temperatures since the 1960s. With increasing engine efficiency, they can reduce metal surface temperatures and prolong the lifetime of the hot sections of aero-engines and land-based turbines. Full article
Recent Advances in Magnetite Nanoparticle Functionalization for Nanomedicine
Roxana Cristina Popescu
Functionalization of nanomaterials can enhance and modulate their properties and behaviour, enabling characteristics suitable for medical applications. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are one of the most popular types of nanomaterials used in this field, and many technologies being already translated [...] Read more.
Functionalization of nanomaterials can enhance and modulate their properties and behaviour, enabling characteristics suitable for medical applications. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are one of the most popular types of nanomaterials used in this field, and many technologies being already translated in clinical practice. This article makes a summary of the surface modification and functionalization approaches presented lately in the scientific literature for improving or modulating magnetite nanoparticles for their applications in nanomedicine. Full article
Displaying articles 1-17
Nanomaterials, EISSN 2079-4991, Published by MDPI
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There are certain serious conditions that require consistent blood levels of medications. Any change in diet can cause a change in your blood absorption, and an increase or decrease of the concentration of medicine in your blood as a result. If you have an existing medical condition, take ANY prescription medications, or suspect that you have a medical problem, promptly contact your health care provider before embarking on the Body Reset Cleanse Program.
We do not claim to "cure" disease, but simply help you make physical and mental choices in order to help your body heal itself. No material or product on this website is intended to suggest that you should not seek professional medical care, or that you should disregard professional medical advice.
Always work with qualified medical professionals, even as you educate yourself in the field of detox, cleansing and alternative medicine. No information offered here, or product sold on this website, should be interpreted as a diagnosis of any disease, nor an attempt to treat or prevent any disease or condition. For any products and/or services purchased from Vibe Tribe Foods, you should carefully read all product packaging and instructions. While the information on this website, and the products sold on it, are discussed in the context of general conditions, it can be dangerous to start any health program without first consulting your doctor. Information and statements regarding products and/or services made available by Vibe Tribe Foods have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
Account Holder Agreement The following describes the terms and conditions upon which "Vibe Tribe Foods" provides service to "Account Holder" (person establishing and financially obligated to Participant account) and "Participant" (person utilizing Vibe Tribe Foods). This agreement is a legal contract between Vibe Tribe Foods and Account Holder and governs Account Holder use of our services. If you do not agree to the "Terms of Service" in this Agreement, please do not use Vibe Tribe Foods.
Vibe Tribe Foods may amend this Agreement at any time. Vibe Tribe Foods will post the amended terms on the Vibe Tribe Foods websites and notify Account Holder via email at the email address Account Holder provided or at login by Account Holder if such terms change. Account Holders continued use of our services following any amendments constitutes acceptance of the amended agreement. Account Holder can access the Terms of Service Agreement at www.Vibe Tribe Foods.com or by mailing Vibe Tribe Foods at 13200 Danielson Street, Suite A-1, Poway, California 92064 and requesting a copy to be mail or faxed. Vibe Tribe Foods owns all rights, title and interest to all materials and content contained on Vibe Tribe Foods and published materials, including web site design, code, programs, content, logos, digital photography, text, and graphics, our materials and content are protected by trademark and other intellectual property laws. Any unauthorized use is prohibited.
General Information It is the purpose of Vibe Tribe Foods offer a plant based diet and lifestyle approach to wellness based on the Macrobiotic Principles of natural health. This site is for the purpose of education and personal transformation of the Account Holder and/or Participant, by the Account Holder and/or Participant's personal choice of participation. Our guidance and recommendations are the personal choice of the Account Holder and/or Participant to follow or dismiss.
The Account Holder/Participant of programs purchased from Vibe Tribe Foods is assured that all food items within the programs may not be appropriate for all individuals, particularly those with food sensitivities and/or special dietary requirements. Consumers with known or unknown food allergies and/or specific health conditions may be unable to tolerate certain foods offered on our menus or in our recipe library. Individuals with known or unknown food allergies and/or specific health conditions may participate at their own risk and at their sole discretion. Vibe Tribe Foods and its employees are neither dietitians, physicians nor other health care providers, and make no representation or warranty as to the compatibility or the suitability of our foods with any health requirements of any customer. Please consult your own physicians with regard to all health matters related to your food choices. By using items from our recipes, menus, or programs the Account Holder/Participant hereby acknowledges that Account Holder/Participant has made an independent assessment of the suitability of such items for the health or dietary needs of the Account Holder/Participant/Consumer.
Terms and Conditions of Use: By using our Website, you agree to these Terms and Conditions of Use ("Terms & Conditions"). We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to change, modify, add or remove portions of these Terms & Conditions at any time. You should check these Terms & Conditions periodically for changes. By using this Website after we post any changes to these Terms & Conditions, you agree to accept those changes, whether or not you have reviewed them. If you do not agree to these Terms & Conditions, you should not use our Website and, if applicable, you should arrange to cancel your registered user account or subscription with us.
Scope of Terms & Conditions: Unless we indicate otherwise, these Terms & Conditions apply to your use of the websites which are owned or operated by Vibe Tribe Foods and our affiliates (collectively, "we," "us," or "our"), including, without limitation, this website and any other website that we may own or operate currently or in the future (collectively, our "Website"). For purposes of these Terms & Conditions, "affiliates" shall mean any entity or person, directly or indirectly, owning a controlling interest in, owned by, or under common ownership control with Vibe Tribe Foods and it's subsidiaries.
Terms & Conditions – In General: By using this Website, you agree to be legally bound and to abide by these Terms & Conditions, just as if you had signed this agreement. If you do not comply with these Terms & Conditions at any time, we reserve the right, if applicable, to terminate your password, user account, and/or access to this Website (or any part thereof). In our sole discretion and without prior notice or liability, we may discontinue, modify or alter any aspect of the Website, including, but not limited to, (i) restricting the time the Website is available, (ii) restricting the amount of use permitted, and (iii) restricting or terminating any user's right to use the Website. You agree that any termination or cancellation of your access to, or use of, the Website may be effected without prior notice. If you do not abide by the provisions of these Terms & Conditions, except as we may otherwise provide from time to time, you agree that we may immediately deactivate or delete your user account and all related information and files in your user account and/or bar any further access to such information and/or files, or our Website. Further, you agree that we shall not be liable to you or any third-party for any termination or cancellation of your access to, or use of, our Websites.
Restrictions on Use of Materials: Unless otherwise specified, we grant you a non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited right to access, use and display this Website and the material provided hereon for your personal, noncommercial use, provided that you comply fully with the provisions of these Terms & Conditions. You acknowledge that this Website contains information, software, photos, video, text, graphics, music, sounds, questions, creative suggestions, messages, comments, feedback, ideas, recipes, notes, drawings, articles and other materials (collectively, "Content") that are protected by copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets and/or other proprietary rights, and that these rights are valid and protected in all forms, media and technologies existing now or hereafter developed. All Content is copyrighted under the United States copyright laws (and, if applicable, similar foreign laws), and we own a copyright in the selection, coordination, arrangement and enhancement of such Content. The Content may be covered by U.S. Patent No.'s 6,040,531, 6,436,036, 6,585,516, 6,663,564 and additional patents pending. Our commercial partners, suppliers, advertisers, sponsors, licensors, contractors and other third parties may also have additional proprietary rights in the Content which they make available on this Website. You may not modify, publish, transmit, distribute, perform, participate in the transfer or sale, create derivative works of, or in any way exploit, any of the Content, in whole or in part. When Content is downloaded to your computer, you do not obtain any ownership interest in such Content. Modification of the Content or use of the Content for any other purpose, including, but not limited to, use of any Content in printed form or on any other website or networked computer environment is strictly prohibited unless you receive our prior written consent.
Registered Users: There is no cost to become a registered user of our Website. You do not have to become a registered user to use this Website. However, if you do not register, you may be precluded from using certain Products/Programs, offerings, features, or resources of our Website. You must register in accordance with instructions that you will find on this Website to participate in, and to contribute to, any Community Area or use of the "Public Profile" feature of our Website. A "Community Area" means any blog, personal page, group page, chat room, message board, bulletin board, recipe swap, or similar activity where you can communicate with other users of our Website or post your own Content.
If you elect to become a registered user of our Website, you agree to provide us with true, accurate and complete information about yourself ("Registered User Data"), and to maintain and promptly update the Registered User Data and any other information you provide to us, to keep it accurate. Without limiting any other provision of these Terms & Conditions, if you provide any information that is untrue, inaccurate, or incomplete, or we have reasonable grounds to suspect that such is the case, we reserve the right to suspend or terminate your user account and refuse any and all current or future use of our Website (or any portion thereof). You agree not to assign, transfer or sublicense your rights as a registered user of this Website. You further agree not to register for more than one account, create an account on behalf of someone else, or create a false or misleading identity on this Website.
Community Standards and Conduct Guidelines: You acknowledge that all Content posted, emailed, or otherwise transmitted to or on this Website, whether posted at our request or voluntarily, and whether publicly posted or privately transmitted (collectively, the "Postings"), are the sole responsibility of the person who made such Postings. This means that you are entirely responsible for all Postings that you post, email or otherwise transmit to this Website. We do not control the Postings posted, emailed or otherwise transmitted on our Website by others and, as such, we do not guarantee the accuracy, integrity or quality of such Postings. Although we have adopted community standards and conduct guidelines for the users of our Website (as described below), you understand that by using this Website, you may be exposed to Postings that are offensive or objectionable. Under no circumstances will we be liable in any way for any Postings (other than for Content developed by us), including, but not limited to, for any errors or omissions in any Postings, or for any loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of the use of any Postings posted, emailed or otherwise transmitted to or through this Website.
Parental or Guardian Permission: Some of the Content on this Website may not be appropriate for children. CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 13 ARE NOT PERMITTED TO USE THIS WEBSITE. We strongly recommend that children between the ages of 13 and 18 ask for their parent's or guardian's permission before viewing our Website.
Links: These Terms & Conditions apply only to this Website, and not to the websites of any other person or entity. We may provide, or third parties may provide, links to other worldwide websites or resources. You acknowledge and agree that we are not responsible for the availability of such external sites or resources, and do not endorse (and are not responsible or liable for) any content, advertising, Products/Programs, or other materials on or available from such websites or resources. You further acknowledge and agree that, under no circumstances, will we be held responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any loss or damage that is caused or alleged to have been caused to you in connection with your use of, or reliance on, any content, advertisements, Products/Programs or other resources available on any other website (regardless of whether we directly or indirectly link to such content, advertisements, Products/Programs or other resources). You should direct any concerns with respect to any other website to that website's administrator or webmaster.
Third Party Products/Programs and Services: You may order services, merchandise or other Products/Programs through our Website from other parties (collectively, the "Third Party Sellers"). All matters concerning the services, merchandise and other Products/Programs desired from the Third Party Sellers, including, but not limited to, purchase terms, payment terms, warranties, guarantees, maintenance and delivery, are solely between you and the Third Party Sellers. We make no warranties or representations whatsoever with regard to any services, merchandise and other Products/Programs provided by the Third Party Sellers. You will not consider us (and we will not be construed as) a party to such transactions, whether or not we may have received some form of revenue or other remuneration in connection with such transactions, and we will not be liable for any costs or damages arising out of, either directly or indirectly, you or any other person involved or related to the transactions.
f) a statement by you that the information in your notification is accurate, and that you attest under penalty of perjury, that you are the copyright owner or that you are authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf.
Password and User Security: If you are a registered user of this Website, you are entirely responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your password and user account information. You agree to notify us immediately in the event of any known or suspected unauthorized use of your user account, or any known or suspected breach of security, including loss, theft, or unauthorized disclosure of your or anyone else's password. You are entirely responsible for any and all activities which occur under your user account. You agree to immediately notify us of any unauthorized use of your user account or any other breach of security known to you.
Health Disclaimer: This Website provides natural health management and information applications and content published over the Internet and is intended only to assist users in their personal health efforts. Vibe Tribe Foods is not a medical organization and our staff cannot give you medical advice or diagnosis. Nothing contained in this Website should be construed as such advice or diagnosis. The information and reports generated by us should not be interpreted as a substitute for physician consultation, evaluation, or treatment.
You are urged and advised to seek the advice of a physician before beginning any product, program or regimen of Vibe Tribe Foods. This Website is intended for use only by healthy adult individuals. The Website is not intended for use by minors, pregnant women, or individuals with any type of health condition. Such individuals are specifically warned to seek professional medical advice prior to initiating any form of any product, program or regimen on our Website.
Vibe Tribe Foods Products/Programs are developed by respected natural health professionals. However, Vibe Tribe Foods is not a medical organization and we can't give you medical advice. We strongly urge you to consult with your physician (or primary health-care provider) before starting any natural health plan. We also urge you to get periodic medical checkups.
Diet changes can create physical changes that should be medically monitored. Medical monitoring is especially important for people with a known medical condition. Our Products/Programs and programs are healthful, but are not intended to treat any specific illness or disease.
In addition: Vibe Tribe Foods also prohibits subscription to our online programs/Products/Programs and offerings by individuals age 18 years and younger.
If you are being treated for an illness, taking prescription medication, or following a therapeutic diet to treat a disease, it's especially important to show the Vibe Tribe Foods plan to your physician. Any modifications made to the plan by your physician should be followed.
THE PRODUCTS/PROGRAMS, OFFERINGS, CONTENT AND MATERIALS ON THIS WEBSITE ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. WE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, COMPATIBILITY, SECURITY, ACCURACY OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
NEITHER Vibe Tribe Foods, ANY OF OUR AFFILIATES, NOR ANY OF OUR OR THEIR RESPECTIVE LICENSORS, LICENSEES, SERVICE PROVIDERS OR SUPPLIERS WARRANT THAT THIS WEBSITE OR ANY FUNCTION CONTAINED IN THIS WEBSITE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED, OR THAT THIS WEBSITE OR THE SERVERS THAT MAKE THIS WEBSITE AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS.
NEITHER Vibe Tribe Foods, ANY OF OUR AFFILIATES, NOR ANY OF OUR OR THEIR RESPECTIVE LICENSORS, LICENSEES, SERVICE PROVIDERS OR SUPPLIERS WARRANT OR MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS REGARDING THE USE OR THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF THE PRODUCTS/PROGRAMS, OFFERINGS, CONTENT AND MATERIALS IN THIS WEBSITE IN TERMS OF THEIR CORRECTNESS, ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE.
Limitation of Liability: YOU EXPRESSLY UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT WE AND OUR AFFILIATES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, GOODWILL, USE, DATA OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES (EVEN IF WE HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES), ARISING OUT OF, OR RESULTING FROM, (A) THE USE OR THE INABILITY TO USE THIS WEBSITE; (B) THE USE OF ANY CONTENT OR OTHER MATERIAL ON THIS WEBSITE OR ANY WEBSITE OR WEBSITES LINKED TO THIS WEBSITE, (C) THE COST OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS AND SERVICES RESULTING FROM ANY GOODS, DATA, INFORMATION OR SERVICES PURCHASED OR OBTAINED OR MESSAGES RECEIVED OR TRANSACTIONS ENTERED INTO THROUGH OR FROM THIS WEBSITE; (D) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR DATA; (E) STATEMENTS OR CONDUCT OF ANY THIRD PARTY ON OUR WEBSITE; OR (F) ANY OTHER MATTER RELATING TO OUR WEBSITE. IN NO EVENT SHALL OUR TOTAL LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ALL DAMAGES, LOSSES, AND CAUSES OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, NEGLIGENCE), OR OTHERWISE) EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU, IF ANY, FOR ACCESSING OUR WEBSITE. IF YOU ARE DISSATISFIED WITH ANY PORTION OF OUR WEBSITE, OR WITH ANY OF THESE TERMS & CONDITIONS, YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY IS THE DISCONTINUATION OF YOUR USE OF THIS WEBSITE. IF ANY PORTION OF THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS FOUND TO BE INVALID, LIABILITY IS LIMITED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW.
Indemnification: You agree to indemnify, hold harmless and, at our option, defend Vibe Tribe Foods and our affiliates, and our and their officers, directors, employees, stockholders, agents and representatives from any and all third party claims, liability, damages and/or costs (including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys fees and expenses) arising from your improper use of this Website or our Products/Programs or offerings, your violation of these Terms & Conditions, or your infringement, or the infringement or use by any other user of your account, of any intellectual property or other right of any person or entity.
California Use Only: This website is controlled and operated by Vibe Tribe Foods from its offices in California. Vibe Tribe Foods makes no representation that any of the material or services to which you have been given access are available or appropriate use in other locations. Your use of or access to this site should not be construed as this company purposely availing itself of the benefits or privileges of doing business in any state or jurisdiction other than California.
Governing Law and Choice of Forum: This website is controlled and operated by a company from in the state of California. Vibe Tribe Foods in all represents that any of the material or services to which you have been given access are available and approved by us in other locations. Your use of or access to the website should not be construed as Vibe Tribe Foods purposely availing itself of the benefits or privilege of doing business in any state or jurisdiction other than California.
These Terms & Conditions shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without giving effect to any principles of conflicts of law. You agree that any action at law or in equity arising out of or relating to your use of this Website or these Terms & Conditions shall be filed only in the state or federal courts located in Los Angeles County in the State of California and you hereby consent and submit to the personal jurisdiction of such courts for the purposes of litigating any such action.
Miscellaneous Terms: In any action against us arising from the use of this Website, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover all legal expenses incurred in connection with the action, including but not limited to its costs, both taxable and non-taxable, and reasonable attorney's fees.
If any provision of these terms shall be unlawful, void, or for any reason unenforceable, then that provision shall be deemed severable from these terms and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions. These Terms & Conditions, together with the Subscription Agreement (if applicable), are the entire agreement between you and us relating to the subject matter herein. If you are a subscriber to one of our online subscription offerings or Products/Programs, in the event of any conflict between these Terms & Conditions and the Subscription Agreement, the Subscription Agreement shall control. These Terms & Conditions may be modified only by our posting of changes to these Terms & Conditions on this Website, or by written agreement of both parties. Each time you access this Website, you will be deemed to have accepted any such changes.
California Health Freedom Act In 2002, the California Health Freedom Act was passed by the legislature and signed into law by the governor. As a Macrobiotic Counselors residing in the State of California, we are required by the Act to make the disclosure below to you.
Jeanne/Patrick Grosset are NOT licensed physicians, she/he is a natural health expert and Macrobiotic Counselor, Teacher and Chef.
The natural health treatment that you will do for yourself at home is complimentary to healing arts services licensed by the State of California.
The natural health educational services offered by Jeanne/Patrick Grosset are NOT licensed by the State of California.
The services offered by Jeanne/Patrick Grosset are educational in nature and basically teach that a healthy way of eating and a positive mental outlook are generally beneficial to one's health. The services amount to personal education in one or all of the following areas: Macrobiotics, natural health diet, natural health cooking, natural health home remedies, natural health principles of daily living and personal well being. It may also include recommendations relative to the individualized adjustment of a person's natural health practice.
The natural health self-healing approach is based on the understanding that natural health principles of food selection and preparation offer the opportunity to create personal balance by establishing a stable biological foundation upon which a healthy and happy life can be built. Traditional Macrobiotic principles of yin-yang are used to develop our understanding of balance, the order of nature and the environment with which we have an ongoing need to maintain harmony. When we live in opposition to nature rather than in harmony with it, we develop a variety of physical, emotional and mental problems. Macrobiotic natural health principles of balance offer us the opportunity to recover our natural health and our freedom to enjoy our life as we choose to live it.
Jeanne/Patrick Grosset received her/his Macrobiotic certification from the Kushi Institute in Beckett, Massachusetts. Jeanne also furthered her education in the natural practices through MacroAmerica's Macrobiotic Certification program with David Briscoe. She is also a Certified Kundalini Yoga Teacher receiving certification from the Awareness Center in Pasadena. Patrick is a Certified Natural Health Professional and a professionally trained French Chef with food handling certification in the state of California.


Pre-salt oil deposits are located offshore under deep, thick layers of rock and salt and require substantial investment to extract. The depths and pressures involved in pre-salt production present significant technical hurdles. Despite these challenges, however, pre-salt crude oil production in Brazil has increased significantly since it began in 2009.
Pre-salt resources were first discovered in Brazil's offshore Santos Basin in 2005 by state-controlled Petrobras, the dominant participant in Brazil's oil sector. Further exploration in the Santos, Campos, and Espirito Santo basins revealed an estimated 5 billion to 8 billion barrels of oil equivalent in a pre-salt zone 18,000 feet below the ocean surface.
With the exception of the Libra field, all pre-salt areas currently under development were granted to Petrobras without competition. The Libra field was the first to be auctioned under Brazil's new production-sharing model, and it is operated by Petrobras (40%) as part of the international consortium whose other partners are Total (20%), Shell (20%), and Chinese national oil companies China National Offshore Oil Corporation (10%) and China National Petroleum Corporation (10%).
The Libra field—the largest pre-salt oil discovery to date in the Santos Basin—began producing for the first time in November 2017. The field is located approximately 106 miles off the coast of Rio de Janeiro in water depths up to 11,500 feet. According to Brazil's National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Biofuels (ANP), the Libra field is estimated to hold 8 billion to 12 billion barrels of recoverable reserves.
Using a floating production, storage, and offloading vessel (FPSO), early production from Libra has been about 50,000 b/d. Development of the field is expected to continue in the 2020s with the deployment of another FPSO that has a production capacity of 150,000 b/d. ANP estimates that peak production at Libra could eventually reach 1.4 million b/d.
More information about Brazil's energy sector is available in EIA's Brazil Country Analysis Brief.


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Air-Conditioned Nation Revisited
"Think of Singapore instead as the Air-Conditioned Nation—a society with a unique blend of comfort and central control, where people have mastered their environment, but at the cost of individua...
Bite Harder: Open Letters & Close Readings
Fifteen years ago, Koh Jee Leong left a promising career in Singapore's Education Service in order to become a poet in New York City. The change was transformative. Bite Harder: Open Letters and Cl...
Change in Voting: Singapore's 2015 General Election
For Singaporeans, the year 2015 will be remembered for its grand celebrations of the nation's 50th year of independence (SG50), as well as the demise of founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. It w...
Interlogue: Studies in Singapore Literature, Vol. 1: Fiction
Interlogue is an exciting new Series which will bring into critical focus the works of Singapore writers in English. The Series aims for stimulating insights through sustained engagements with a va...
Interlogue: Studies in Singapore Literature, Vol. 2: Poetry
Following the success of the first volume on Singapore Fiction, the second volume of Interlogue will focus on Poetry in Singapore. Besides well-known poets such as Edwin Thumboo and Lee Tzu Pheng...
Interlogue: Studies in Singapore Literature, Vol. 3: Drama
Theatre in Singapore has come a long way since the colonial days. The mushrooming of theatre companies, the surge of theatrical performances since the 1980s, and the recent staging of Completely ...
Interlogue: Studies in Singapore Literature, Vol. 4: Interviews
In this volume, Dr. Ronald D. Klein shares with us the invaluable insights to the background and works of selected poets, writers and playwrights within their respective social context and climat...
Interlogue: Studies in Singapore Literature, Vol. 5: Robert Yeo
In this volume, George Watt analyses the works of Robert Yeo, a major voice in the articulation of Singaporean literature - something much needed but curiously avoided by many. Yeo's writings enc...
Interlogue: Studies in Singapore Literature, Vol. 6: Haresh Sharma, The Cultural Politics of Playwriting in Contemporary Singapore
This volume in the Interlogue Series examines in detail Haresh Sharma's extensive body of work, beginning with his very early writing and ending with his 2006 work. Prof. David Birch tries to pai...
Interlogue: Studies in Singapore Literature, Vol. 7: Edwin Thumboo, Creating a Nation Through Poetry
An interviewer speaking to Edwin Thumboo once asked: "But what is the reference for this...I mean where is the authority which I can cite?" and Thumboo's response was: "When it comes to Singapore...
Interlogue: Studies in Singapore Literature, Vol. 8: Interviews II
INTERLOGUE is a Series which brings into critical focus the works of Singapore writers in English. The Series aims for stimulating insights presented in a refreshing manner through sustained enga...
Life's So Like Dat
What makes us uniquely Singaporean? Is it the way we speak, dress, work, play, spend our money and time? Or is there more? In Life's So Like Dat, Leo takes a dig at not just the Singaporean manner...
Sensing Singapore: Reflections in a Time of Change
In his new book, Sensing Singapore: Reflections in a Time of Change, entrepreneur, thought leader and political commentator Devadas Krishnadas provides an insight into what these events say about...
Teo Eng Seng: Art and Thoughts
Teo Eng Seng. Art and Thoughts is the first detailed, historical study of this artist by the renowned art historian T.K.Sabapathy. It spans more than fifty years of continuous creative activity, ...
Troublemaker is a collection of Bertha Henson's columns from her blog, Bertha Harian, as well as the now defunct Breakfast Network. They represent her take on the news of the day, spanning politi...
Voting in a Time of Change: Singapore's 2020 General Election
GE2020: an election that should not be forgotten for yielding startling outcomes, including the appointment of the first Leader of the Opposition. Voting in a Time of Change is part of a longitudi...
Voting In Change: The Politics of Singapore
Singapore's 2011 general election went down in history as its most significant since independence. This volume offers a snapshot of the heady days leading up to Polling Day on 7 May 2011, and the...
Anthologies Critiques & Commentaries X Culture & Community Decolonial Literature Environment Essays Heritage History Humour & Satire Memoirs Mental Health & Disability Novels Plays Race & Gender Short Stories Singapore Politics & History Speculative & Fantasy Teaching Resources Young Readers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dr. Kelly Yu-Hsin Liao joined Cleveland State University as an assistant professor in fall 2016 in the Department of Counseling, Administration, Supervision, and Adult Learning (CASAL). She is a core faculty member in the APA-accredited Counseling Psychology specialization in the Urban Education Ph.D. program. She received her Ph.D. in 2011 in counseling psychology from Iowa State University. Prior to joining CSU, she was a research scientist at the Culture and Health Research Center at the University of Houston.
Dr. Liao studies minority-related stress, positive psychology, and health psychology in ethnic minorities. Her current projects include developing a self-compassion writing intervention to cope with racism among African American students, examining the psychological benefits of gratitude among Chinese international students, and investigating the role of perceived burden in the health outcomes of Chinese cancer survivors.


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Space NK announces relocation of Leeds store to Trinity
Landsec has announced that Space NK will be relocating from its current Leeds location in Victoria Quarter to Trinity, the retail and leisure destination in Leeds city centre.
The new location covers approximately 1,700 sq ft, nearly double the size of the brand's existing Leeds store. It is set to launch in September, with all current beauty advisors moving over to the Trinity location.
Space NK, which launched its first store in Covent Garden in 1993, is home to over 100 of the most in-demand, innovative, and boundary-pushing beauty brands. With over 70 stores in the UK, combined with a unique omnichannel position, Space NK is a leading brand within the beauty industry.
The new Trinity store will stock some of its top selling brands including Charlotte Tilbury, Elemis, Laura Mercier, and Nars.
Pablo Sueiras, Landsec's Senior Portfolio Director, commented: "Our focus is on creating destinations that celebrate the best in retail. Securing a relocation for Space NK in the city is a clear endorsement of our strategy and proof that Trinity is the prime retail location in Leeds. Space NK is a beauty authority, with an unrivalled expertise and advisory service that will help the Trinity guest discover new and exciting products. By continuing to partner with innovative brands like Space NK we're able to offer our guests new and unique experiences across our spaces, demonstrating the enduring value of physical retail in the process.
Sara Cohen, Trading Director at Space NK, added: "We are excited to be relocating our Leeds store to Trinity, where we will continue to offer our customers the same unbiased beauty advice, with an upgraded space and even more of the world's best beauty products. We look forward to welcoming back our Leeds-based beauty community and introducing some new customers to Space NK."
Black Friday and Christmas shopping fail to lift retail...
Lauretta Roberts
Naturium to launch in UK and announces exclusive stockist
Retail & Etail
Superdrug and Beauty Banks launch 'The Beauty Gift...
Chloe Burney


My client is currently looking for a freelance Safety Risk Management Managerto immediately join their Global Pharmacovigilance and Clinical Safety department. The successful candidate will be responsible for the medical risk assessments for product quality issues within the company.
This will be a full time/ 1.0FTE office-based position in Munich. The contract will be for 12 months, with the ability to extend.
.Maintaining and developing processes and interfaces to PSUR and CDA units.
Reviewing and participating in the production of related documents.
Preparing periodic metrics for performance, resources and compliance.
Monitoring the implementation of risk minimization measures.
Ensuring document quality for submissions to Health Authorities.
Preparing expert statements and medical risk assessments for product quality investigations.
Extensive understanding pf all applicable regulations and corporate guidance.
At least 4 years of experience of working in a pharmaceutical company.
Previous experience of medical risk assessments.
Advance medical/scientific writing and communication skills.
If you are looking for a new challenge in a global pharmaceutical company as a Freelance/Contract Safety Risk Management Manager, please send your CV to Huyen.Pham(at)EPMScientific.com or call +44 203 758 8855 immediately.


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Artículo Teen girl sentenced to 40 years in mental hospital for 'Slender Man' stabbing News
Teen girl sentenced to 40 years in mental hospital for 'Slender Man' stabbing
Morgan Geyser, 15, was sentenced to the maximum term by a Wisconsin judge
Anna Freeman
A teen girl has been sentenced to 40 years in a mental institute for her involvement with a stabbing that was influenced by the fictional character 'Slender Man'.
Morgan Geyser, 15, was sentenced to the maximum term by a Wisconsin judge in a case that started in 2014 after Geyser and her friend Anissa Weier, 16, stabbed another girl, Payton Leutner, 19 times.
Leutner survived the ordeal by running away from the woods, and she was later found by a cyclist on a road. The three girls were all 12.
Greyser and Weier said they carried out the attack to appease the Slender Man, a viral online boogeyman characterised as a faceless man with a tall and thin frame. He tends to be Photoshopped into old pictures and is sometimes associated with disappearing children or people going crazy.
Geyser made a deal with prosecutors last year, pleading guilty to attempted first-degree intentional homicide in exchange for prosecutors agreeing that she is not criminally liable due to mental illness. She was diagnosed with early-onset schizophrenia in 2014.
Prosecutors called for the maximum possible sentence, arguing that as recently as September, Geyser was still hearing voices and posed a threat to herself and society, according to AP. Brooke Lundbohm, a doctor called by prosecutors, said that Geyser was still dangerous.
Judge Michael Bohren said: 'What we can't forget is this was an attempted murder,' the AP reported. He also reportedly described Geyser's sentence as 'an issue of community protection.'
Weier also took a deal with prosecutors last year, pleading guilty to attempted second-degree homicide. In December, a judge sentenced her to 25 years in a mental hospital.
slender man stabbing mental health
Logan Paul is back... with a suicide prevention YouTube video
YouTuber Logan Paul ashamed after posting criticised suicide victim video
Lead singer of superstar K-pop band dies aged 27 from suicide


Fox Valley Technical College has truck driver training programs like Class A CDL and skilled trade/vocational-technical courses like diesel mechanic and welding.
Quote: "The program gives students adequate time behind the wheel to learn to maneuver, develop backing up and driving skills. Instruction is taught through classroom, lab, range and roadway experiences. You'll also learn how to complete the necessary paperwork and appropriate inspections, allowing you to earn your Class A CDL and start your career.
We work with the best CDL schools, trucking companies and trade schools in WI. These technical and skilled trade schools have courses like diesel mechanic, welding technology and HVAC/R. All of which would look exceptional on a truck driver's resume.


As Bellarmine College Preparatory continues its year-long exploration of the topic of gender as its Summit on Human Dignity, the school hosted educators from YWCA Silicon Valley during several concurrent assemblies held on March 25 on the topics of Sexual Assault Awareness and Consent.
Bellarmine College Preparatory Theatre Arts presents Disney's Newsies, the hit Broadway musical about the Newsboys Strike of 1899, when child labor unionized to demand fairer treatment from the likes of publisher Joseph Pulitzer. Based on the Disney film, the production features songs by eight-time Oscar winner Alan Menken (Beauty & the Beast) and Tony-winner Jack Feldman.
Bellarmine College Preparatory is exploring the topic of gender as its year-long Summit on Human Dignity, the focus of the school's justice assembly and breakout sessions held during the week of January 28.
The 2018-2019 Bellarmine College Preparatory junior varsity football team is being honored for its outstanding volunteerism by Via Services at the 24th Annual Via Ball, taking place February 9 at Villa Ragusa in Campbell.
Even as studying for final exams was occurring, students took time to join with faculty and staff at Bellarmine College Preparatory to make the Christmas season a bit brighter for many in the community.
The Bellarmine College Preparatory community collected loads of warm clothing, blankets, sleeping bags, and socks during its 25th Annual Winter Warmth Drive.
Bellarmine College Preparatory held its 40th Annual President's Award Dinner the evening of October 30 in the Samuel A. Liccardo Campus Center. The donor recognition event, attended by 250 guests, featured the presentation of the President's Award, given each year to those who have demonstrated support to Bellarmine in a variety of ways.
"Something wicked this way comes." That warning from William Shakespeare is one of several memorable lines from the play Macbeth, being presented by the Theatre Department at Bellarmine College Preparatory.
Following an extensive search for the ideal candidate, Bellarmine College Preparatory has named Patrick Arnold as its new Director of Development.


Friday night we met up with our good friends Sheldon and Janine (who we hadn't seen in way too long), for some amazing pizza at Pizza E Vino. It was Jurgen and my first time eating there and I think we both gave it a big two thumbs up. The decor on the inside was super funky and retro so I snapped a quick picture, although it unfortunately came out a little blurry.
Also, please take a couple seconds to complete the little poll right there on the top right-hand side of the blog. With the semester coming to close (June 1st cannot come fast enough!) I will have a lot more time to invest in the blog and I'd really love your input on what you'd like to see more of here. You can check more than one box.
Hope everyone enjoys the rest of their Sunday!
Hey Jenna! I got your comment the other day, and then blogger crashed, so I couldn't reply. Glad to see you enjoyed the bulls game. I am however, a Sharks fan, even though I hail from Pretoria. Quite trivial isn't it? I'm like the black sheep in the family.
Jealous you got to go to a rugby game! My husband used to play so we are huge fans!
I am glad you found Jillian for your blog makeover! Can't wait to see!
Jen - I've posted running websites for you on my blog!
Just found your blog- where in So Cal are you from? I'm a traveler with a homebase in Los Angeles. Nice to find your blog!


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Epoque recreates the richly decorated wooden panelling so popular in the 19th century. These fine glazed ceramic panels will add some contemporary glamour to your bathroom or hallway. Epoque is finished in bright crackle glazes and two matt glaze options. To complete the look there are a host of glazed capping pieces, edge beads and skirtings. These are available to match the three designs of the Epoque panels.


text:
Grã-Bretanha, a antiga Albion, é uma das muitas Ilhas Britânicas da Europa que abrange a maior parte do Reino Unido. Nesta ilha estão três das quatro nações britânicas: Escócia, na parte norte; Inglaterra, no sul; e País de Gales, no oeste. A Grã-Bretanha constitui a maior parte das Ilhas Britânicas. A Escócia Ocidental é orlada pela grande cadeia de ilhas conhecida como as Hébridas e para nordeste da Escócia estão as ilhas Órcades e Shetland. As Ilhas Scilly têm laços administrativos com o interior, mas a Ilha de Man, no Mar da Irlanda, e as Ilhas do Canal, entre a Grã-Bretanha e a França, são largamente autônomas e não fazem parte do Reino Unido.

Embora as Ilhas do Canal e a Ilha de Man não façam parte do Reino Unido, têm uma relação especial com este. As Ilhas do Canal fizeram parte do Ducado da Normandia nos séculos X e XI e ficaram sujeitas à Coroa Inglesa depois da perda da Normandia para os Franceses no século XV. A Ilha de Man esteve sob soberania nominal da Noruega até 1266 e finalmente ficou sob a administração da Coroa Britânica em 1765. Hoje, estes territórios têm as suas assembleias legislativas e sistemas legais próprios, e a Ilha de Man tem também o seu sistema próprio de impostos. O Governo Britânico é responsável pelas suas relações internacionais e defesa externa.

Com uma área de cerca de 209 331 km², a Grã-Bretanha tem apenas um pouco menos de  km (cerca de 600 milhas) da costa sul ao extremo norte da Escócia e apenas um pouco menos de 500 km (cerca de 300 milhas) de largura máxima. A linha costeira da Grã-Bretanha é de 14 549 km ( milhas) com Inglaterra e País de Gales, incluindo ilhas com 5 214 km (8 389 milhas) a tirar deste valor e Escócia, incluindo ilhas com 9 335 km (5 800 milhas). O ponto mais setentrional da Grã-Bretanha é Dunnet Head, no nordeste da Escócia e o mais meridional, Lizard Point, na Cornualha.

Ver também
 Ilhas Britânicas
De Land's End a John o' Groats

Ligações externas

Ilhas do Reino Unido

Grabretanha
Ilhas Britânicas
Metrópole ou partes continentais de Estados

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Denver Historic District. Photo by Tom Driggers
Handsome Historic Districts of Colorado
December 16, 2019 By // by Jessica Hughes
Take a peek into Colorado's past with a visit to one of these historic districts. Each one has blocks lined with colorful old buildings, many of them original from the town's Old West heydays.
From the Front Range to the Western Slope, Colorado is dotted with historic towns. Most of them got their start at some point during the mining boom in the late 1800s. Stroll their scenic streets and let your mind mesmerize to what it was like back in the day. Many of their downtowns are designated a national historic district. Keep in mind though there plenty of cool historic districts that didn't make the list because there so many, here's just a taste of what Colorado offers.
Here are towns with national historic districts in Colorado, in no particular order:
Crested Butte National Historic District
Historic Crested Butte. Photo by lamoix
Often thought of as "Colorado's last greatest ski town," Crested Butte's entire town is registered on the National Historic District. The downtown is a unique representation of the 1880s historic mining era with its brightly colored, well-preserved buildings that serve today as shops, restaurants, and bars. Elk Horn Avenue is the main street downtown and Crested Butte's National Historic District. For a guided historic walking tour, visit the Crested Butte Mountain Heritage Museum.
Fort Collins Old Town Historic District
Fort Collins Old Town. Photo by Dragonwoman
Said to have inspired Disneyland's Main Street USA, Fort Collins Old Town Historic District is one where charm meets history. The Old Town's pedestrian mall offers many restaurants, bars, shops, and bookstores all housed in over 20 restored buildings that are both national and local designated historic districts. Walk through alleyways that have been upgraded to European-style walkways, filled with potted plants and Tivoli lights. Or hop on the only original trolley car west of the Mississippi to guide you through the wonderful historic Old Town neighborhood.
Downtown Denver Historic District
Paramount Theater, downtown Denver. Photo by Kayla Ferguson
Denver is home to two historic districts; the LoDo (lower downtown) historic district and Denver's Downtown Historic District. The Denver Downtown Historic District consists of 43 non-contiguous buildings classified as architecturally or historically significant. Most of the buildings were built in the early 1900s with detailed features representative of their original purpose that is still seen today. Some of the more iconic buildings that are a part of the Downtown Denver Historic District include the Brown Palace Hotel, the Colorado Building, the Paramount Theater, and the Daniels and Fish Tower.
Georgetown-Silver Plume Historic District
Downtown Georgetown, CO. Photo by Sheila McClun
Playing an important role in Colorado's mining history, the Georgetown-Silver Plume Historic District was once one of the most important silver mining camps in Colorado. The mining district was centered in Georgetown, where the wealth was invested, evident by the abundance of Victorian-era homes that line the streets of downtown. On the other hand, Silver Plume served as a work-station, made evident by the simple wood-frame structured homes that still stand today.
Designated as a National Historic Landmark District, the historic district is home to more than 200 structures including churches, homes, lodges, fire houses, and businesses from the 19th century, all of which still stand today. Visit the Hamill House Museum and hop aboard the Georgetown Loop Railroad, a scenic railroad built in 1884 that still serves passengers today.
Silverton Historic District
Downtown Silverton, CO. Photo by Chuck Kime
Located in the heart of the San Juan Mountains, Silverton once was the hub of the richest silver-mining regions in the state. Founded in 1871, Silverton, today, serves as a year-round destination for travelers looking to get a taste of mountain life. Amongst shopping and dining in the town's historic district, be sure to also stop in at the Heritage Museum, which takes a look at Silverton's mining past.
Historic Strater Hotel in Durango. Photo by Michael Kemper
Where the Old West comes alive, the Durango historic downtown is a Nationally Registered Historic District that is a wonderful mix between old and new. With multiple restaurants, historic hotels, shops, museums, and art galleries there is plenty to keep you busy while enjoying this unique part of Colorado.
imilar to most Colorado towns, Durango's history is deeply rooted in the mining and railroad industry. One of Durango's biggest historic attractions is the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad. Other notable historic sites to visit include the Strater Hotel and theater, the Railroad Museum, and a visit to the Rochester Hotel for a drink.
Historic Old Colorado City
Old Colorado City Historic District. Photo by Jeffrey Beall
Before there was Colorado Springs, there was Old Colorado City. Founded in 1859, Old Colorado City was the state's first capital for the Territory of Colorado. As an Old West town, the Colorado City was home to over 20 saloons, brothels, and gaming parlors. Gold brought in the town's earliest residents, but prohibition hit the area hard and most moved to Colorado Springs.
Today the town, affectionately referred to by locals as "OCC" is a vibrant community with a historic downtown offering a bit of charm, historic Colorado features, and a small-town vibe you won't find many places. Visitors will find local shops, restaurants, museums, and historic buildings including the Old Colorado City Historical Society & History Center.
Downtown Sterling
Sterling, Colorado. Photo by Simon Foot
Found along Colorado's Eastern Plains, near the Nebraska border, the town of Sterling, Colorado is one of a tight-knit community, agriculture, and an important history that adds a touch of character to this small town. Since 1896, Sterling has played a major part in Colorado's agriculture, railroad hub, the commercial center of the east. Its nearly 40-acre historic district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and now offers a downtown where visitors can stroll through the historic streets, admire colorful art murals, dine at local restaurants, and shop local stores.
Top historic sites to visit include the Overland Trail Museum, historic buildings, including the Logan County courthouse, and the First Presbyterian Church.
Leadville Historic District
The Leadville Depot. Photo by Neal Wellons
Leadville's mining district is one of the richest in the country. This profitable town saw two major mining booms in the late 1800s, which brought thousands of residents and more money they knew what to do with. Today the Victorian-era town of Leadville still stands today as a beautiful reminder of the past and a tribute to what mountain-town living in Colorado used to be like. Heavily invested in profitable gold and silver mines, Leadville was a bustling town with lots of money to spend on saloons, dance halls, beautiful Victorian mansions, and the construction of the Tabor Opera House.
70 square blocks of Leadville's downtown are designated as a National Historic Landmark, allowing for preservation and restoration to many of the town's historic homes, buildings, and streets. Notable historic sites to visit include the Leadville Mining Museum, Tabor Opera House, Healy House, Heritage Museum, and the Delaware Museum.
Historic Downtown Salida
Historic Downtown Salida. Photo by Kent Kanouse
Located in central Colorado along the Arkansas River, the artful town of Salida is another charming historic district that paints a picture of the past for today's modern visitors. What began as a stagecoach stop for the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, is now a hub for local artists, outdoor enthusiasts, and those just passing through. A walk through downtown highlights the community's commitment to the arts with its many art galleries, shops, and building murals.
Downtown Salida is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and remains as Colorado's largest historic district. Some of Salida's top historic sites to visit include the Salida Museum, Chaffee County Courthouse, Alexander House, and Manhattan Hotel.
Cripple Creek Historic District
Historic Cripple Creek. Photo by Thomas Hart
Cripple Creek has made a name for itself over the years as a gambling destination in Colorado. But its history spans further back when it got its start as a bustling mining town, drawing in thousands of gold-enthusiasts in search of their fortunes. The Gold Rush is a significant part of Cripple Creek's history, which is apparent with the old mines found near the town.
In its modern-day, the town introduced gaming, which has now become the city's most vital source of income. Explore the town's rich heritage by visiting the Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mine, Butte Theater, the Cripple Creek & Victor Narrow Gauge Railroad, Cripple Creek District Museum, Cripple Creek Jail Museum, and the Victor Hotel Thomas Museum. And if you like Cripple Creek's casino vibe, you'll love Central City's historic brick buildings.
Breckenridge Historic District
The Sterling Building in Breckenridge. Photo by Steven Martin
What is now known as one of America's favorite ski towns, Breckenridge began as a mining town, like so many others, which creates one of its characterizing features. Designated as one of Colorado's historic districts, Breckenridge's heritage remains well preserved and on display for those to enjoy. Most of what makes Breckenridge historic downtown so unique is its 249 structures including Victorian-era buildings and homes, churches, and businesses.
Historic walking tours such as the Tombstone Tales at Twilight Tour, Ghostly Tales Tour, or even the Strange but True Tour are offered to provide a bit more insight into the history of Breckenridge.
Lake City National Historic District
Main Street Lake City. Photo by J. Stephen Conn
Founded in 1875 as a supply hub during the Colorado silver and gold mining era, Lake City has since made itself a tourist destination. Spanning just over 140 acres and 34 blocks the Lake City National Historic District is one of the best-preserved and one of the oldest historic districts in the state. Discover over 200 Victorian-era historic homes, cabins, barns, churches, and the oldest operating courthouse in Colorado, which provide evidence to the small town's role in settling the American West.
A historic walking tour provides over 30 interpretive signs in the Lake City Historic District, each designed to provide more detailed information, stories, and photos of Lake City history. Notable historic sites include the unique masonry buildings on Hough, Bank, and Finley blocks, the Lake City Museum, and the Hinsdale County Museum, which offers guided ghost and historic home tours.
Cañon City Historic District
Cañon City Historic District. Photo by Jasperdo
Home to the Royal Gorge, Cañon City wasn't always just a tourist destination. First founded to mine for local mineral deposits, Cañon City offers a rich history that dates back to the 1870s. Placed on the National Register of Historic Places, the city is now home to a thriving historic district and serves as a tourist hub for those seeking the outdoor recreational opportunities of the area.
Consisting of 81 buildings, most of which are located along Main Street, Cañon City's historic district aptly highlights the flourishing town Cañon City once was and works to maintain today. Discover turn-of-the-century architecture while you shop the downtown's local boutiques, shops, and art galleries.
As you can tell from the above towns, Colorado's got some handsome historic districts. Next time you're passing by one on a road trip, definitely park the car and roam around by foot for a bit. You're legs and mind will thank you!
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About Jessica Hughes
Jessica is a writer and photographer based in Denver, CO. She spends her time traveling the world and exploring this beautiful state. She has a passion for well-written stories, gorgeous photography, and bringing these two together. When she is not working in the city you can find her in the mountains hiking, backpacking, biking or running. Connect with her on Instagram or Facebook @jlhindesign.
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"More is better."From the number of gigs in a cellular data plan to the horsepower in a pickup truck, this mantra is ubiquitous in American culture. When it comes to college students, the belief that more is better may underlie their widely-held view that laptops in the classroom enhance their academic performance. Laptops do in fact allow students to do more, like engage in online activities and demonstrations, collaborate more easily on papers and projects, access information from the internet, and take more notes. Indeed, because students can type significantly faster than they can write, those who use laptops in the classroom tend to take more notes than those who write out their notes by hand. Moreover, when students take notes using laptops they tend to take notes verbatim, writing down every last word uttered by their professor.
Obviously it is advantageous to draft more complete notes that precisely capture the course content and allow for a verbatim review of the material at a later date. Only it isn't. New research by Pam Mueller and Daniel Oppenheimer demonstrates that students who write out their notes on paper actually learn more. Across three experiments, Mueller and Oppenheimer had students take notes in a classroom setting and then tested students on their memory for factual detail, their conceptual understanding of the material, and their ability to synthesize and generalize the information. Half of the students were instructed to take notes with a laptop, and the other half were instructed to write the notes out by hand. As in other studies, students who used laptops took more notes. In each study, however, those who wrote out their notes by hand had a stronger conceptual understanding and were more successful in applying and integrating the material than those who used took notes with their laptops.
What drives this paradoxical finding? Mueller and Oppenheimer postulate that taking notes by hand requires different types of cognitive processing than taking notes on a laptop, and these different processes have consequences for learning. Writing by hand is slower and more cumbersome than typing, and students cannot possibly write down every word in a lecture. Instead, they listen, digest, and summarize so that they can succinctly capture the essence of the information. Thus, taking notes by hand forces the brain to engage in some heavy "mental lifting," and these efforts foster comprehension and retention. By contrast, when typing students can easily produce a written record of the lecture without processing its meaning, as faster typing speeds allow students to transcribe a lecture word for word without devoting much thought to the content.


Herve Leger by Max Azria – the structure and use of lines creates these timeless pieces.
Ese Azenabor – Stunning gowns, I would wear them all!
Marissa Webb – pairing items/textures with the unexpected made me curious about these outfits.


text:
namespace Microsoft.Data.Edm
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Common base interface for all EDM elements.
    /// </summary>
    public interface IEdmElement
    {
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub