Juanita Ringeling. Chilean actress, born on May 15, 1986. She lived her childhood and youth in Cachagua, a rural town at Central Chile's Pacific coastline. She stays there until she finishes school. Then, following her passion for acting, she moves to the capital, Santiago, and enrolls into Universidad Catolica´s Acting School. Driven by her need to explore non-conventional theatre she lives 3 months at the Double Edge Theatre in Ashfiels M.A. and later completes two workshops, one at the Odin Theater in Denmark and another about "Teatro de los Sentidos" in Malacahuello.
Restless and multifaceted has achieved to grow a career as an actress, singer and producer. She has had leading roles on movies, theater, television and web productions, standing out in Bim Bam Bum (TV Serial), La Tirana (movie), Pirates of the Caribbean (musical), among others.
After building a solid career in Chile, being cast in over 8 Tv shows for major Networks, over 7 films, theatre pieces, web series and achieving several contract with recognized brands, she moved to Los Angeles, California in may 2016. Now she leaves between her country and USA. Her first performance as the leader actress in Ryan Gregory Phillip's Film Shortwave has given her a strong exposure and the best actress prize at Film-Quest and NY Film fest.
Always in touch with nature she has joined several social and environmental causes, actively collaborating with "Rios to Rivers", KisstheGround, Fundación Altiplano, and "Bosques de Zapallar" (among others) a NGO of her place of birth that promotes the conservation of the endangered Mediterranean forest of central Chile.


Independents 4, Green Party 2. University city on the upper reaches of the River Thames; a centre of car manufacturing and now of high technology industries.
Sajjad Malik (Cowley Marsh) has been suspended by Labour and is sitting as an Independent. David Henwood (Cowley) moved from Labour to Independent in November 2018.


Well…no chocolate ones any way!
I have to say, that for the first time ever, in my whole life (I think) I have not had one single easter egg, creme egg, chocolate bunny or other easter related confectionery!
Pilates is a lovely class all focused on lengthening and stretching and core strength, it is lovely that there are advanced enough options to provide a challenge to everyone 😀 I defy anyone to do press ups as slow as we have to do them in pilates and not find it tough!!
and the less said about 1 legged pike to plank things the better! I am quite surprised I didn't fall over while trying that one!
It was (as I may have said) awesome, and just what I needed after the previous day's dance extravaganza!
What I didn't need (but tried anyway) was to go for a run!
it was not a good idea!
About 2 mins in to my attempted run it became evident that my legs were not recovered from Friday's run and Saturday's dancing in bit heavy boots! I persevered after a fashion for about 2km which I have to say was 70:30 walk run at best, and then when I got back to the car park I attempted some sprints up and down to try to salvage something out of the activity!
it was just like this one!
People should learn to keep an eye on their wild hounds!
It barked at me and everything!
but they do have pointy teeth you know!!
Previous Day 302: Fit enough to dance in a mask!
Next Day 304: Consistency is a good thing…isn't it?
I am sure I replied to this yesterday!! wordpress/iPhone grrr!
I am glad someone had my share of chocolate!!


Read below to find out about our recreated 'Pioneer Village' from its historic Railway Station and Church, to its functional blacksmith shop and recreated period shop displays our village recreates life in young New Zealand.
Our station was originally situated at Chertsey; about 15 minutes drive north of Ashburton. Built in 1919, it became redundant under the centralisation of the traffic control system in 1975. Chertsey was the highest station on the South Island trunk line, being 239 feet above sea level.In September 1975 permission was granted to the Ashburton Railway and Preservation Society (The Plains) to shift this Railway Station from Chertsey to Tinwald by New Zealand Railways.
Permission was granted to the Ashburton Railway and Preservation Society (The Plains) to shift this Railway Station from Chertsey to Tinwald, in September 1975 by New Zealand Railways. The Ashburton Jaycees undertook the task of shifting and relocating this 69 ft building on the 26th February 1976. Three Chimneys, a safe and sections of the roof were removed before the building was moved. It was not possible to transport the whole building, so a section including the Wood/Storage area was not included. The journey itself took two hours, over 2.5 days, with about 40 workmen involved. The Transport was provided by Brightlings Transport Ltd. and the cost of shifting and relocating the station was estimated at $1,500.00 - a lot of money in 1976!
On arrival The station was in need of paint, and some internal alterations were made. For many years the station was painted in a red, white and grey livery until 2010 when the station was returned to a more traditional cream and red scheme. Once repainted the building was once again finished off with station name boards.
During the planning of this site in the 1970's, it was decided to rebuild a Pioneer Village and obtain/construct appropriate buildings and artefacts to give an authentic impression of Ashburtons' local history.
This Cottage was shifted from its' Princes Street site to The Plains on the 30th March 1978 for restoration, after being donated to the Society by Mr Bill Turner, a local builder. This had been lived in, up until a year before being relocated. This was one of the last remaining old style weatherboard Cottages, once so common in Ashburton.
This Cottage was known as a 'Minors Cottage', an example of typical working class accommodation in Ashburton. The actual age of this cottage is uncertain -a clue is held in the hand-made bricks in the chimney - machine made bricks were not manufactured in Ashburton until 1900 according to Mr Ralph Crum, Brick maker. Crums started producing bricks in 1878.
Alterations were made once the cottage was on site. The wall paper - dating from the 19th century - was found in the attic of an old Woodville Store, and purchased for $1.20 a roll - however it is likely that early cottage walls were plain whitewashed. The front veranda was also added.
In November 1979, this project was completed and opened to the public.
This building which houses our replica shops was transported to our site from the Ashburton Intermediate School on the 4th February 1977. It was formerly used as the wool-classing room. It was renovated with the addition of the facade of the pre-1920s when transferred to our site.
The building has been split into four replica shops - a Chemist, a Hairdresser and Tobacconist, a Hannah's Shoe Store and a Printing Works. All of the buildings house displays gifted from various shops around Ashburton and the local area to accurately portray the type of shop they represent.
In the early years of The Plains Vintage Railway and Historical Museum the Printers shop occasionally offered 'personalised printing' to visitors, as some of the equipment now on display is fully operational.
Blacksmiths shops were once common features in most towns throughout New Zealand, with horses needing shoes and providing an endless array of iron objects and construction of our very own working Blacksmiths Shop began in March 1980 - with its completion and opening to the public in November of 1981.
As the name suggest, the Blacksmiths shop contains a vast array of equipment and tools once used by Blacksmiths, including a working forge which has been put to use on a number of projects at The Plains over the years. The Blacksmiths Shop also contains an array of belt driven tools and equipment, which are all driven from a single shaft that runs along the roof-line of the building and is powered by a two-cylinder Blackstone engine.
Waterton is located south of Ashburton, between the Ashburton and Hinds Rivers. Nearby localities include Ashton and Wheatstone to the Northeast, Flemington to the north, Eiffelton to the northwest and Longbeach to the Southwest. Waterton was founded in the second half of the 19th century by European immigrants. The Anglican "Church of St Philip and St James" was dedicated on the 14th August 1878 and by 1888 the little town had it's own town hall.
At its height, Waterton was a service town for the surrounding rural area. It was home to 235 people and had amenities such as General Store, Post Office, Public Library, Hotel, Anglican Church and School. However during the latter half of the 20th century, Waterton severely declined.
It is now really a Ghost Town.
In the early 2000s, the land titles of the towns former lots were amalgamated by the owner and then divided into four new 'lifestyle blocks' for development.
The new owners appealed to the Ashburton District Council to revoke the designation of the town's former streets, which by that stage were merely unformed roads, so that they could be merged into the new properties. In August 2006, the Council granted this request and stopped the roads.
Few remnants of Waterton remain today, apart from the remains of the Town Hall, and the local Cemetery is not far from the site of the township.
A last service was held before the Waterton Church closed, and the building left its original site on Thursday 1 July 1976, and was delivered to our site on Sunday 4th July 1976. The Church is available for hire, head over to our Weddings & Functions page for more information.


text:
Q: Caching data in one Singleton class and using in another in Java I have a class which calls two singleton classes FirstClass and SecondClass as below. Is there a way to access the data computed in FirstClass in the SecondClass. In this case I don't want to make external service call in second class since the first class has already called it. Instead, just use the data (stored in first class function) in the second data function. What are the ways to do it.
public class CallingFunction() {
    List<String> generateData() {
    return Lists.newArrayList(new FirstClass(), new SecondClass())
}

@Singleton
public class FirstClass() extends interface {
    public String function() {
    //operations. This function calls multiple services and stores ouput  to hashMap
    Map<String, String> hashedData = Maps.newHashMap();
    hashedData.put(dataFromAnotherService);
    return hashedData.get("abc");
    }
}

@Singleton
public class SecondClass() extends interface {
    public String function() {
    //Use hashedData here instead of invoking the service again.
    //Other operations
    return "data";
    }
}

A: Yes you can achieve the functionality by something below logic:
@Singleton
public class FirstClass() extends interface {
    private static FirstClass instance;
    private Map<String, String> hashedData = new HashMap<>();
    public String function() {
        //operations. This function calls multiple services and stores ouput  to hashMap

        hashedData.put(dataFromAnotherService);
        return hashedData.get("abc");
    }
    public Map<String, String> getHashedData() {
        return this.hashedData;
    }
    public static FirstClass getInstance() {
         if (instance == null) instance = new FirstClass();
         return instance;
    }
}

@Singleton
public class SecondClass() extends interface {
    public String function() {
         FirstClass instance = FirstClass.getInstance();

         // instance.getHashedData() here instead of invoking the service again.
         //Other operations
         return "data";
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Working for an integrated digital marketing agency presents you with many different and challenging opportunities to test and hone the skills of your discipline. In my case, that's Organic Search Strategy. What's that mean? I come up with, and implement, strategies that help websites show up in Google naturally.
Sometimes this is straight-forward and easy as the clients already have clear, established goals and KPIs. They come prepared with a very thorough understanding of who their ideal target customer is and what messaging it will take to reach them. They have a solid web dev team that implements your instructions promptly. The analytics show the value of the optimizations that are being implemented and life is good.
However, sometimes you get asked to audit the owner's longtime friend's website that he just built — true story. And, while it sounds like it would be dreadful, it was actually a lot of fun being able to provide insight into the complete development of a website while making sure that the focus is on the end result, driving improved organic search performance.
The website is about an artist and their artwork and the main focus is to increase organic search ranking for both "branded" and "non-branded" keyword terms as well as becoming the authority and thought leader for information about this artist.
Check out some of the recommendations we made below!
The Home Page of this website had zero text content so as a visitor, unless you are familiar with the artist, you have no idea what the website contains. This could result in visits from non-branded search queries to "bounce" from the Home Page instead of continuing further in to the website which could easily result in less sales or leads generated.
The Home Page is and should be viewed as the very top of the funnel as well as a landing page. The average time spent on the Home Page, specifically, does not need to be extensive, but it should be the starting point for a visitor to choose one of many different paths to the point of conversion. Make sure your Home Page welcomes a visitor to your website and guides them to the information they are looking for.
The Main Navigation of this website used some very general terms that could be more focused to indicate to the user and the search engines what content was going to be found if they clicked on the navigation item.
In this case the term "Work" was used which, while applicable, could be more focused as this menu item specifically talks about the artist's art pieces. We recommended changing "Work" to "Artwork" as this uses a keyword that is applicable to the site as a whole while also indicating what a visitor is going to find if they click on that menu item.
Currently, each of the artist's paintings on the website is just an image and there is no real description or history of the painting. This is a missed opportunity as not having a page that is titled uniquely with the artwork piece's name means that if a search is performed for the artwork by the name of the piece, this website will not show up.
This website did not have a Contact Page and all inquiries were being forwarded to another website and not even the Contact Page on that website, just the Home Page!
It is always good to provide a way for a visitor to your website to get in touch with you and a Contact Page can contain a form as well as direct contact information if this is information you want to provide to your visitor.
However, the one thing you should never do with a visitor is direct them away from your website, especially if it is to have them contact you about something on your website. This is poor user experience and if the "point of conversion" occurs on another website then the user may just end up bookmarking that web page and bypassing your website all together.
In summary, if you are building a new website or looking to revamp an existing site, it is important to approach the presentation of the site content from both the point of view of the visitor experience as well as the experience of the search engines so that the website will appear effectively in search results which should drive visitors to the website where they will find the information that they are looking for presented to them efficiently and ultimately culminates in a positive user experience that reaches the point of conversion whether that be a new lead or a sale.
Interested in having your site reviewed and a strategy developed for improved Organic Search performance? Contact us today!


Forbidden love, revenge, jealousy and murder all take center stage in the Boston Ballet's newest show, "Lady of the Camellias," which opened Thursday, Feb. 26 at the Boston Opera House. Based on a novel by Alexandre Dumas and set to the music of composer Frédéric Chopin, the ballet transports the audience to 19th-century France to tell the tragic tale of lovers Marguerite and Armand.
Choreographer Val Caniparoli created "Lady of the Camellias" in 1994.
While the cast rotates from night to night, Thursday's performance featured principal dancers Kathleen Breen Combes and Yury Yanowsky as the doomed lovers.
"Lady of the Camellias" is a ballet of duets, or, as the French call it, pas de deux – "step of two." There are very few individual solos in the show. Instead, the ballet explores the emotions and relationships between pairs of characters.
Each of the three acts opened with a large group dance, which set the scene before delving into the plot. In contrast to the dramatic storyline, theses dances were humorous and lighthearted, featured props, allowed a variety of non-principal dancers time in the spotlight and drew laughs from the audience.
The first act began at the home of the flirty and adored courtesan Marguerite. Among her guests is Baron de Varville who is initially the object of Marguerite's affection; Olympe, a jealous courtesan; and Armand, who, after wooing her away from the Baron De Varville, becomes Marguerite's lover.
Armand lingers after the party and the new lovers perform a romantic duet in Marguerite's bedroom. The dance was so passionate and beautiful that the audience could easily suspend its disbelief and imagine that the two were truly falling in love. Much of this realism came from Combes' incredibly dynamic facial expressions, which, in the absence of dialogue, drove the plot throughout the entire show.
During the intermission between the first and second acts, a soundtrack of birds tweeting mixed with the audience's conversation. When the curtain rose, the dancers – all in light colored clothing – were in a French garden.
It is a short summer of love for Marguerite and Armand, however, as Marguerite falls ill and Armand's father forces the lovers apart.
The second act features two different duets between men: Armand and his rival, Baron De Varville, and Armand and his father. These dances bring out the masculine side of ballet, which so frequently takes a secondary role to the female ballerinas.
The father-son dance, which features the vocals of tenor Rockland Osgood, is particularly moving and ends with the father holding his heartbroken son.
In the third and final act, the show dropped all pretenses of humor and became incredibly poignant.
The curtain rose for the last time to reveal the cast, clothed in dramatic evening formal wear that drew a gasp from the audience.
Costume designer Robert Glay de La Rose's best work of the show was Olympe's dress. The courtesan entered on Armand's arm in a sparkling gold and blue dress so intoxicating that it drew all eyes to her despite the 15 other dancers on stage.
The ex-lovers then attempt to work out their feelings in a dance that conveys many emotions at once: Marguerite's jealousy, Armand's anger that she left him and, above all, the realization that they still love each other.
Another visually stunning moment occurs when Armand and the Baron de Varville enter onto the dark stage and circle, like vultures, around Marguerite's body, which is illuminated by the spotlight. Cawing birdcalls echo in the background, a stark contrast from the chirping bird song in act two.
As Marguerite rises, she imagines a future in which Armand and Olympe are together; the pair dance a duet that mirrors her own dance with Armand from act one, accompanied by the vocals of soprano Alexandra Whitfield.
In Marguerite and Armand's final pas de deux, Combes' body is limp for much of the dance, as her illness and broken heart have taken hold of her. The effect is unnerving, as the audience has come to expect a different style of dance from the ballet, but it is no less beautiful.
The ballet ends with a stunning solo by Combes. She crawls to her dressing table to apply makeup and do her hair one last time before stumbling back to center stage where she collapses for the final time, her illness having defeated her.
As the cast came back to take its bows, their glowing smiles proved that they enjoyed the experience as much as the audience, who immediately stood to applaud the individuals who made the show the emotional spectacle that it was.
Boston Ballet's "Lady of Camellias" is running until March 8 at the Boston Opera House.


text:
Edvard Munch's Life in Photos
Zuzanna Stańska 12 December 2021 min Read
Edvard Munch in 1926. Detail.
Photos of Famous Artists When They Were Kids
10 Photographic Reasons Why You Should Fall in Love with Toulouse-Lautrec
Check Out These Rare and Beautiful Childhood Photos of Frida Kahlo by Her Father, Guillermo
Naturally, Edvard Munch is best known for his paintings. However, he was also one of the first of the generation of painters who dabbled in amateur photography. When Munch died in 1944, he left 183 photographs in his house. Here we present some of them:
Edvard Munch, Self-Portrait 'A la Marat' at Dr. Jacobson's Clinic in Copenhagen, 1908-1909, The Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway.
The theme of Marat in a bathtub was important for Munch, as he compared the history of the French revolutionary leader to his own. The story of Marat's murder by Charlotte Corday bears only the remotest resemblance to that of Munch and his long-time lover Tulla Larsen, but evidently it was enough for Munch's symbol-stretching mind. The story of Tulla Larsen is not spectacular – she just left Munch and married his younger colleague.
Edvard Munch, Self-Portrait Naked in the Garden at Asgardstrand, 1903, The Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway.
Edvard Munch's experimentation with photography began in 1902 when, aged nearly 40, he bought himself one of the most common amateur cameras of the time: a Kodak Bull's-Eye no. 2. It was a very simple device.
Edvard Munch at the Beach in Warnemünde, 1907, The Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway.
To create his photographic self-portraits, Munch had to release the shutter button himself, so he had to pose very close to the camera.
Edvard Munch, Self-portrait with Rosa Meissner on the beach in Warnemünde, 1907, The Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway.
Some distortions of the photographic picture, along with the use of multiple exposures (which we can see, for example, in this photo with Rosa Meissner), and deliberate blurring, were part of what drew Munch to photography.
Munch saw photography as worthy an art form as painting, and in an article for the Norwegian magazine Kunst og Kultur, Munch wrote: "mechanical production made by a judicious hand can provide good results."
Edvard Munch, Self-Portrait, 1906, The Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway.
From the beginning, Munch concentrated on self-portraits. These fall into two groups: those taken inside the studio, posing with his paintings, and those taken outdoors, holding the camera at arm's length, which now could be called a "classical selfie."
Edvard Munch in 1926.
"I have learned a lot from photography…" said Edvard Munch near the end of his life. After 1926, a new formal mastery can be seen in his self-portraits. It reminds one of the preoccupations of avant-garde German photography that was then blooming. In those years, Munch even shot a few short amateur films.
Edvard Munch, Self-Portrait in Front of Two Watercolours II. Ekely, c 1930. Another Mag.
Proofreader Alexander Jobin
I am an American who currently lives in Germany. Lover of all things related to art, words, and culture.
A Unique Artist Encounter: When Ara Güler Met Pablo Picasso
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Merve Parla 16 September 2021
(Sur)reality in the Photography of Kati Horna
Kati Horna photographed both the real world and the surreal. She was a modern photographer who used her camera to document a civil war and to escape...
Natalia Tiberio 2 October 2021
The Queen of Neoclassical Photography: Nelly
For many, photography is merely a sophisticated way of immortalizing the current and carrying that frozen moment—which is impossible to recreate...
Erol Degirmenci 21 August 2021
The Shadow of the Wind: Francesc Català-Roca and His Neorealist Catalonia
He was one of the finest photographers of the 20th century, yet not many know his name. He captured the reality of the post-war era in a minimalist,...
Magda Michalska 17 August 2021

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package com.intellij.codeInsight.editorActions;

import com.intellij.lang.CodeDocumentationAwareCommenter;
import com.intellij.openapi.editor.Editor;
import com.intellij.openapi.extensions.ExtensionPointName;
import com.intellij.psi.PsiComment;

/**
 * @author Alexander Podkhalyuzin
 */
public interface CommentCompleteHandler {
  ExtensionPointName<CommentCompleteHandler> EP_NAME = ExtensionPointName.create("com.intellij.commentCompleteHandler");

  boolean isCommentComplete(PsiComment comment, CodeDocumentationAwareCommenter commenter, Editor editor);

  boolean isApplicable(PsiComment comment, CodeDocumentationAwareCommenter commenter);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Each year, many people choose to have eyelid surgery, not just because of cosmetic desires, but for medical purposes. Excessive, sagging skin can impair vision and quality of life. BayCare Clinic oculoplastic surgeon Mark Duffy, MD, PhD, performs many blepharoplasties (eyelid surgery) each year.
Blepharoplasty is the medical procedure where a surgeon removes excess skin or weight from the eyelid to elevate the upper eyelid or smooth out the lower eyelid.
Dr. Duffy describes eyelid surgery in more detail in the video below.


text:
Máté Pátkai (ur. 6 marca 1988 w Szentendre) – węgierski piłkarz grający na pozycji pomocnika w Videoton FC.

Kariera klubowa
Karierę juniorską spędził w Góliát FC, Budapesti Vasutas SC, Vasasu Budapeszt, Goldball FC i MTK Budapeszt. W tym ostatnim klubie grał od 2003. W dorosłej drużynie MTK zadebiutował 27 października 2006 w meczu z Videotonem. 22 maja 2007 w meczu z Győri ETO strzelił pierwszego gola dla tej drużyny. W listopadzie 2008 zerwał więzadła w kolanie; do gry wrócił miesiąc później. Latem 2011 zdecydował o nieprzedłużaniu umowy z MTK. W styczniu 2012 został zawodnikiem Győri ETO. W czerwcu 2015 podpisał trzyletni kontrakt z Videotonem.

Kariera reprezentacyjna
Pátkai grał w reprezentacjach Węgier do lat 20 i 21. W seniorskiej kadrze zadebiutował 16 października 2012 w meczu eliminacji do MŚ 2014 z Turcją. Wszedł w przerwie meczu za Ákosa Eleka.

Życie prywatne
Jest żonaty z Judit Pátkainé Simoray, z którą ma dwoje dzieci: Rékę i Máté. Posługuje się językiem angielskim.

Osiągnięcia
 Mistrzostwo Węgier (2): 2008, 2013
 Wicemistrzostwo Węgier (1): 2007

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne

 Statystyki na stronie Magyar Labdarúgó Szövetség

Reprezentanci Węgier w piłce nożnej
Piłkarze MTK Budapest FC
Piłkarze Győri ETO FC
Piłkarze Videotonu FC
Urodzeni w 1988
Ludzie urodzeni w Szentendre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We're creating a program to combat campus sexual assault, by teaching students how to prevent assaults from ever happening.
We particularly need film makers, and motion graphics experience.
Compensation is 3 Business Credits (MSB 494R), you'll be part of an on-campus intern team during Winter semester.
Apply by signing up for MSB 494R in the Marriott school, and choosing the project 'RepowerU: Create a Program to Reduce Campus Sexual Assault', or contact Spencer Ford for more details.
The research has been done, the scripts written, we just need your help to make it a reality!


text:
The Changing Face of Forestry
Have we reached the turning point, or just discovered another twist in the bottom line?
by Maggie Paquet
On June 10, 1998, one of Canada's largest logging companies announced it will embark on a forest stewardship strategy focusing on old-growth and habitat conservation. Company president Tom Stephens said, "For MacMillan Bloedel (MB), today marks the beginning of the end of clearcutting and a recognition of non-timber values in our old-growth forests." Error! Filename not specified.
Stephens said the move "reflects what our customers are telling us about the need for certified products, [and] changing social values, and new knowledge about forest ecology." Adding that the big change is that MB's harvesting strategy will now be market-driven, rather than volume driven, Stephens unveiled two major components to the new strategy:
1. Variable retention harvesting, which retains various-sized stands, clusters, and clumps of trees in ways that protect biodiversity;
2. Establishment of three stewardship zones for the company's 1.1 million ha of public and private lands, each with different management goals: an old growth zone, about 10 percent of MB's land base, where the primary objective will be conservation of old-growth forests and in which 70 percent will never be logged and openings will be smaller than one ha; a habitat zone, about 25 percent of their land base, where the objective will be wildlife conservation and in which about 40 percent of the original forest will be retained; and a timber zone, about 65 percent of the company's forests, in which variable retention will be employed and about 28 percent of the original forest will be retained.
The company says it will put in place three additional steps to support their new forest management strategy: (a) form an independent advisory panel to provide external guidelines for the conservation of old-growth forests, (b) ask a broad range of stakeholders to review the strategy and identify ways in which it might be improved, and (c) sponsor a series of workshops to facilitate looking for new ways to create economic incentives for innovative, cooperative, and diversified management of timber and non-timber values in coastal old-growth.
"From a financial perspective, our research tells us we can generate an acceptable rate of return for our investors by implementing this plan and that it could provide us access to market opportunities for certified products," Stephens said.
"We intend to implement this plan safely and economically, but we don't have all the answers or skills just yet." He said the company will phase this system into practice over the next "few years."
Not to be left out, Western Forest Products, another company that clearcuts in coastal forests, said it was pursuing certification under a system developed by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), and planned to have FSC certification by July 1999. (It should know, however, that the Council does not certify companies that are clearcutting.) "Are they going to continue to clearcut all the way up to the boundary of the Koeye over the next five years? The Ahnhuati? Let's remember that a hell of a lot of old-growth can be liquidated in five years." – Chris Genovali, Western Canada Wilderness Committee
Does Stephens' announcement herald an end to the "war in the woods" that has been waged in BC for the past few decades? Will we see instead a war among forest companies to determine which looks the greenest, at least on paper? Or is MacBlo honestly attempting to come to grips with the public's growing awareness of the need to protect forest ecosystems in order to sustain communities and the economy?
When Stephens, back in April, first indicated this new direction for the company, industry, labour, and government reacted with disbelief. The former head of the Canadian Forest Service, Les Reed, remarked that what Stephens was describing was known as high-grading, that the proposals made little sense environmentally or financially, and would result in "silviculture slums" because of poor regeneration.
Many industry experts and labour representatives said the move would endanger lives and increase logging costs. Provincial Forests minister David Zirnhelt said he too had concerns for economics and safety considerations and, after the announcement in June, was reported as saying "MacBlo's proposal will not be allowed to proceed unless BC's Chief Forester is satisfied it meets existing forestry standards."
The mainstream media focussed on economics, saying MacBlo was "bowing to international pressure from environmental groups," and politics, remarking that government and the union will need to be convinced that MacBlo's plans will not cause a loss of jobs, something the NDP government is particularly concerned about.
Since it is the Chief Forester of the province who has final say on forestry practices and on the volume of timber cut, this is no idle concern.
The Association of BC Professional Foresters (ABCPF) was a bit more circumspect in its response: "MB's decision is part of a broader trend within the profession to adjust forest practices to reflect shifting societal values. What MB is proposing is not new. Reliance on traditional clearcutting has never been absolute, and foresters across BC are increasingly using a variety of alternative silviculture systems on a site specific basis," said Jane Perry, ABCPF president.
Certainly Stephens' announcement was greeted with both scepticism and enthusiasm.
Some said it was a stunning victory, and was due to the boycotts and campaigns that targeted US and European markets. But sceptics pointed out that MacBlo said only that it would implement 70 percent retention on 10 percent of its holdings, and has made no commitment to protect any intact areas, including key fish and wildlife habitats.
Greenpeace applauded MacBlo's announcement, saying the logging giant showed leadership and vision, that its "dramatic forest program will change the face of the forest industry in Canada." Karen Mahon, in a Greenpeace press release, said, "While the rest of the BC logging industry and government are still arguing the world is flat, MacBlo is charting a course for the future. There is still a lot of work to do, but today marks the dawn of a new era."
Tzeporah Berman, also of Greenpeace, although supportive, added the caution that MacBlo has not said outright it will permanently protect old growth areas, because the company doesn't have the power to do that. The government could take back the so-called undercut.
While Greenpeace endorses what MacBlo says it wants to do, they still have outstanding concerns, including how clearcutting will be phased out, and the potential for high-grading, fragmentation, and blowdown. It says it will work with the company through the implementation phase to ensure that the variable retention system maintains the integrity of existing forests. Of particular concern to Greenpeace and many other conservationists is the fact that MacBlo has not committed to leaving the remaining pristine rainforest valleys intact.
MB Forester Bill Beese says that, although there are pockets of resistance within the company, most employees are eager to address MB's "credibility and trust gap" by working together to become "the most respected forest company in North America within five years." According to Beese, the decision to end clearcutting is "not just a marketplace thing," because of biodiversity issues, although access to markets and timber is one of the three factors driving the economic side of MB's equations.
Beese says CEO Tom Stephens told some of his senior management, "You have legal license to clearcut, but there's such a thing as social license." The MB forester says that stability, with a somewhat lower cut but an assured access to timber, will reassure shareholders. Finally, the company thinks they can cover the extra costs of variable retention logging by shifting the mix of trees they send to market according to market conditions.
In fact, Chris Genovali, a Victoria-based representative of the Western Canada Wilderness Committee (WCWC), says the five-year phase-in period is too long, that if MacBlo follows its current plans in the Upper Walbran, there won't be an old-growth ecosystem there to not clearcut.
He asks, "Are they going to continue to clearcut all the way up to the boundary of the Koeye over the next five years? The Ahnhuati? Let's remember that a hell of a lot of old-growth can be liquidated in five years. On Vancouver Island, we do not have the luxury of waiting … with only about a dozen intact primary and secondary watersheds over 5,000 ha remaining, out of about 170, we are at the crossroads now. Unless there is a corresponding reduction in the Annual Allowable Cut (AAC), the debate over forest practices is a meaningless exercise."
Friends of Clayoquot Sound (FOCS), based in Tofino, couldn't agree more. The group's initial response was, "An end to clearcutting? It's deja vu all over again, and we have the photos to prove it!"
Armed with the results of a recent evaluation [see related article in this issue] of three years' worth of logging under the Scientific Panel for Sustainable Forest Practices in Clayoquot Sound recommendations, which were also touted as "an end to clearcutting," spokesperson Valerie Langer said, "We are wary of celebrating the end of clearcutting too early.
"What we can celebrate is the effectiveness of the market campaigns in influencing the corporate agenda. Whether MacBlo's announcement will get them closer to the coveted FSC certification is unclear, given that FSC is shifting towards a 'no old-growth' policy, reflecting the fact that only 20 percent of the world's ancient forests remain."
Dave Neads, a spokesperson for the BC Environmental Network's Forest Caucus (a coalition of 60 conservation groups across BC), said, "This announcement is a welcome event. We support Macmillan Bloedel's recognition that it is what you leave in the forest, not what you take, that is the most important consideration. This approach, called 'variable retention forestry' by the Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel, will be the forest management standard that guides British Columbia into the 21st century."
Jim Cooperman, also of the Forest Caucus, said, "If MacBlo is serious about changing its practices, then it should pull its plans to clearcut the highly contentious areas on Vancouver Island and the mid-coast. Promises for the future will not help wildlife and salmon threatened by existing plans to clearcut pristine old-growth forests."
Another member, Colleen McCrory, said, "We have had too many promises on paper by government and industry. The truth will only be known when we see real changes on the ground. If MacBlo is serious about changing its practices, then we should see a major reduction in their AAC."
The Forest Caucus urged the BC government to support the new ecosystem-based approach. Neads said, "If forest companies expect to compete internationally in the future, they will have to alter their management regimes to maintain old-growth forests and safeguard environmental values, such as salmon habitat, water quality, and biodiversity. The challenge now is to the rest of the industry and government to catch up and adopt the new vision. Government in particular faces a significant challenge to ensure that the new policies…are not blocked by outdated rules or procedures."
Under the Forest Act and the Forest Practices Code, BC's forests are to be managed for sustained timber supply. What MacBlo's plans acknowledge is that forests should be managed for ecosystem integrity, not simply "fibre flow."
BC's current AAC system embodies volume-based logging. MacBlo's announcement appears to promulgate a major paradigm shift to forest practices based on ecosystem principles. Whenever the status quo is challenged there is bound to be resistance, and that is what we've seen so far from government, labour, and the rest of the forest industry.
Many agreed that the real triumph is in the changing dialogue of industrial logging companies, and the beginning of their acceptance that the public is concerned about practices that continue to degrade the environment. It's a turning point we should all celebrate.
[From WS August/September 1998]
Canada / Forests / Land & Forests / Land use
https://watershedsentinel.ca/articles/the-changing-face-of-forestry/


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AlienOwners.com's Facebook page needs your imput!
Hey it's durbin209 manager of the facebook page, today I need everyone's input on what pages/games to like. So far we have liked the game pages: WoW, Swtor, BF3, MW3, and LoL. The service pages we liked are Intel, Dell, Alienware, and E3. Please list the pages you wish to see liked on AWO's page. Thanks!
I noticed that you were liking a bunch of pages, durbin... is this in an effort to get more attention, or just to occupy time?
Well, These things are a part of Alienware.. just thought. Well i sorta guess to occupy time.
No, it makes sense! And it will draw people in, I think. On those pages it shows who likes it, and we may appear on that list... so it could attract more people!
It is, at that... I'll drop a like on it right now.
I couldn't find a page for it. Sorry, hopefully you find it Eirr.
I found two, one for "Counter Strike: Global Offence" and another for "CS:GO" (difference: nothing....) but I liked both of them anyway.


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Tags: Mechanics, RFD Podcast
Radio Free Deimos E22: Crafting
by Corbeau | Aug 1, 2017 | 0 comments
We've been seeing red and blue lights at the Bowlmore bowling alley. What brings IRPF to our little moon? Anyway…
Episode 22, crafting! The hosts explore a rule set they really don't know anything about. Along with a digression on transcendent technology, and a big-eyed ask for help buying a space station!
Show notes coming soon! In the meantime, check out the HSD Lorebook Kickstarter, almost to $20,000!
Already made a pledge to the Kickstarter? Our own ability to support the kickstarter took a plunge after we had to replace Asaph Hall's ailing air reconditioner units, which was a lot of creds 🙁 Sadly, there's no pocket change to spend on imaginary toys. If you've enjoyed the last year of RFD, throw a few dollars at the hosts. Every penny will go into the HSD Kickstarter toward the purchase of a space station or bluesky to give our hosts a tiny little place in the Hc Svnt Dracones continuity: Voltaire Station!
Here's the donate button, or read a little more about the ask, and maybe what we hope to bring you in return for this gift (Corbeau's promising an Actual Play series, he REALLY wants that bluesky). Thank you so much…this year hit some major financial obstacles and we haven't been able to support to the degree that we wanted to. Of COURSE there'll be more thanks in our upcoming episodes!
(Thank you to Yalc, Sammi, and Ghost-091!!! $60 received, almost able to bump us up to the first Space Station level! Yay!)
This week's technical glitch: after a Windows Update shut down my system, I'm working off a laptop. I honestly don't know what this week's episode sounds like…the mysterious E21 is a mini-episode with Corbeau and Khalgren talking HSD history, still in progress.
♃ 1.45 — Meet the hosts! Guys, what do you want added to the 2.0 equipment lists?
♃ 2.40 — Talking about the HSD Kickstarter, the stretch goals just passed up the "get every corp's toggle" and is accelerating toward the $20K HSD literary fund…
♃ 7.20 — Questions and Opinions, "how can we keep Transcendent tech fresh?" Ashtaar attempted to give the party GM-created TTI implant, but we overlooked it.
♃ 15.50 — Today's topic: crafting rules! We've never unpacked them, so it seemed like it's time to take a look.
♃ 20.00 — One of D&D4.0's quirkier rules…if you attempted to sell a magic item or reduce it into magical poof powder, you'd always end up with 1/5 of its value. It was like the speed of light, you could never get past 1/5. That changed a bit, but it was still kind of arbitrary…
♃ 21.46 — Yes, the rules for crafting are a bit complex. It's a four-stage process (conception, design, testing, production) with a number of dice rolls, a minimum of four rolls and four successes with a variety of different stat combinations. Overall this is intended to bring multiple players into the act and make crafting into a story element, so look at it as more of an encounter or a montage than a single action. This is a lot of what we like about D&D4.0's "Skill Challenge" mechanic. Check out this article, "They Wasted a Perfectly Good Mechanic," for some "what's good/what's wrong" with that rule set.
♃ 25.10 — Crafting makes very heavy use of the "help" mechanics and demands a wide variety of stat combinations (clear mind, creativity, physical dexterity, force of personality and presence, and a cute butt.) It's possible to build a single character with all these attributes, but in a system with a lot of points scarcity, it's easier to build a character with Craft 3 and use "Help" to grant your associates Craft 2. Not only does that save on valuable character points, but it also gives other people some sense of involvement and lets them bring their own cards to the table. Yay! This is why I think it may be better to abstract Craft as "project management" than "making," even though that idea breaks down in places.
♃ 29.50 — The Testing phase gets a bit strange. It's "unnecessary" if you own your own testing facility, and therefore don't need to rely on the one provided by your manufacturing facility. But that means that you're able to test at home, and presumably use shortcuts and a less rigorous methodology than the Corp Facility would require. The result: a flat 2/3 chance of failure. Using the Corp Fac will require social rolls – Body and Mind: Presence. No actual testing need occur, one assumes you gaze deeply into the Fac manager's eyes and he says "…looks fine!" or at least cooperates with you using their tools. So I'm not sure there's a benefit to using the home version of a testing facility. You just set yourself up for failure. Maybe I'm misunderstanding the rules on this one. HSD's rules are kind of abstract and I'm totally trivializing here.
♃ 33.21 — Hmm. The crafting rules assume you're working your way to the final stages of production, but a blueprint is a pretty valuable commodity on its own. What's to stop a character from selling a blueprint to an up-and-coming corp, and trading exclusive rights for a few prints of the final product? That seems like a legit tactic that would skip a lot of the heavy labor of production. However, the chance of having a flawed blueprint (and you wouldn't know HOW flawed until you put it into the PrintoTron3000) might outweigh the fast buck opportunity. This would be a really good reason to have most of the crafting rolls made in secret.
♃ 36.30 — Hey, Ashtaar, why don't we print more living organisms? Why? This sounds like it'd be really fun. I can't see how it would go wrong. Custom designed critters would be SUCH a thing for a PC job. Oh man. Breeding sparkledogs for well-off celebrities…Tribble-type incidents on every critical failure…
♃ 44.00 — An aside here on applying Crafting to, well, arts and crafts and such. Can it be done? Maybe. The idea of a "blueprint" might be hard to reconcile with the one-off nature of crafting or the cerebral process of writing a play, but there could be ways to adapt.
♃ 49.15 — A callout for Stephen Chow's 2001 "Shaolin Soccer," a beautiful and so stupid movie. Can't seem to find an original language version.
♃ 49.50 — What's awesome? Whines talks about the non-con "Texas Furry Siesta" as a sociological experiment in folks showing up to a freeform event. If you can make it to Dallas, look for us and say hi, I'll be DJing an hour of Disney music! Ashtaar talks…I think…about the Musk/Zuckerberg debate on Artificial Intelligence. Corbeau starts to talk about the decline in birth rates of African Wild Dogs, gets depressed, and switches to talk about this bit of smartphone gimcrackery, the ORII.
With thanks to Sirius Beat for our intro music, "Future Club," and outro music, "Tronicles." Our fun, modular header art is by Absyfield , (Thank you Ashley!) and Whines is our audio engineer.
http://media.blubrry.com/radiofreedeimos/p/content.blubrry.com/radiofreedeimos/Radio_Free_Deimos_E21_7-26-17_Crafting.mp3


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Essay by review • September 15, 2010 • Essay • 746 Words (3 Pages) • 1,150 Views
Essay Preview: Schindler's List
Oskar Schindler was a wealthy German industrialist, who made much of his wealth by employing Jewish men and women in his various factories. In the movie " Schindler's List," it starts off with Schindler in a restaurant with many high ranking Nazi officers eating there. He starts off by buying a officer a bottle of expensive wine, but it does not end there. Before the night is gone he has boughten dinner for all of the officers. This is how he made friends, friends with power.
At this point the War was already underway and Schindler seized an oppurtunity to make money. Thinking ahead he hires a Jewish accountant that he believes is very qualified for that position. At first this accountant is careful of the way he acts around Schindler because Schindler is a member of the Nazi Party and fears for his life.
The point of the movie in which Schindler starts to view the Jewish people differently is when the Nazis start to flush out the ghettos. From a hilltop he watches, especially a little girl walking through the streets like she is abandoned. At this time he starts to pull his favors from those officers he treated to dinner a while back. He meets Geoth, a SS officer that is known for his cruelty in the Concentration Camps. Schindler starts to gain the trust and admiration of Geoth and he takes advantage of that friendship. He tells Geoth that he will pay him a certain amount of money foe each Jew to work for him. As an excuse he tells the officers that it is merely "cheap Labor" to be used in the enamelware factory. For each person on the list he has also listed their specialty.
Later he starts another fastory, but this time the workers make bullets and shells. Once again he uses Jews as the workers but this time he is making no profit because the shells the workers make don't work. Schindler adjusted the machines to do so.
By this time the war was almost over, so Schindler tookto the road like many other Nazi officials. At his departure all his workers are present and they give him a paper with all their signatures with a short letter in case he is captures by one of the allied powers. From there he starts to breakdown saying that he could have saved more lives by selling his car and gold nazi pin. Soon he gets into his car and starts to journey to another place. At the very end of the movie it shows all
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The elemental composition of biomass ashes as a preliminary assessment of the recovery potential
Alicja Uliasz-Bocheńczyk Eugeniusz Mokrzycki
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2018 | vol. 34 | No 4 | 115–132 | DOI: 10.24425/122593
Keywords recovery elemental composition biomass ash fly ash
The use of biomass in the energy industry is the consequence of ongoing efforts to replace Energy from fossil fuels with energy from renewable sources. However, due to the diversity of the biomass, its use as a solid fuel generates waste with diverse and unstable chemical composition. Waste from biomass combustion is a raw material with a very diverse composition, even in the case of using only one type of biomass. The content of individual elements in fly ash from the combustion of biomass ranges from zero to tens of percent. This makes it difficult to determine the optimal recovery methods. The ashes from the combustion of biomass are most commonly used in the production of building materials and agriculture. This article presents the elemental composition of the most commonly used biomass fuels. The results of the analysis of elemental composition of fly ashes from the combustion of forest and agricultural biomass in fluidized bed boilers used in the commercial power industry were presented. These ashes are characterized by a high content of calcium (12.3–19.4%), silicon (1.2–8.3%), potassium (0.05–1.46%), chlorine (1.1–6.1%), and iron (0.8–6.5%). The discussed ashes contained no sodium. Aluminum was found only in one of the five ashes. Manganese, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, sulfur, bismuth, titanium and zirconium were found in all of the examined ashes. The analysis of elemental composition may allow for a preliminary assessment of the recovery potential of a given ash.
The determination of contaminants in ashes produced after the combustion of wood pellets using optical petrography
Zbigniew Jelonek Adam Nocoń Iwona Jelonek Marta Jach-Nocoń
Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi Polskiej Akademii Nauk | 2018 | Nr 105 | 135–146 | DOI: 10.24425/124373
Keywords ash pellet biomass combustion
Petrographic and physico-chemical analyses of ashes are carried out on a large scale and presented in numerous scientific papers. The mentioned ashes are obtained from filters and electrostatic precipitators mounted in large industrial installations. The large-scale analysis of the ashes obtained directly from grate furnaces or blast furnaces mounted in low-power boilers started with combating smog and low-stack emissions. The collection of ash samples from household furnaces usually involves the analysis of the combustion of waste in low-power boilers. This is justified in the case of old type boilers, which were designed to use virtually any fuel. Currently, new types of boilers, designed to burn dedicated fuels, are offered on the market. The aim is to use only renewable fuels (biomass) or fossil fuels with high quality parameters, which are more environment-friendly, e.g. eco-pea coal, lignite briquettes, or peat briquettes. The authors of the study focused on examining the ash obtained from boilers for burning wood pellets by performing microscopic analysis of residues after biomass combustion. The above mentioned analysis provides a comprehensive information on the efficiency of the combustion process, the content of contaminants remaining in the ash, and the suitability of ash for other applications. The entire process, from the moment of collecting the samples to the execution of the analysis takes up to 12 hours, which ensures a quick decision on furnace adjustment or fuel change. The ash components were determined based on the results obtained by the Fly-Ash Working Group of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP). The mentioned classification has been supplemented with new key elements occurring in ashes resulting from the combustion of wood pellets in household boilers. This allowed determining the percentage content of characteristic components in the tested material, which can be used as a specific benchmark when issuing opinions on the quality and efficiency of the boiler and the combusted pellets.
Adsorption Kinetics of Reactive Dyes on Ash from Town Heating Plant
Dragan Djordjevic Dragan Stojiljkovic Miodrag Smelcerovic
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2014 | vol. 40 | No 3 | DOI: 10.2478/aep-2014-0024
Keywords kinetics reactive dye adsorption ashes
In order to investigate the mechanism of adsorption of reactive dyes from the textile industry on ash from heating plant produced by brown coal combustion, some characteristic sorption constants are determined using Langergren adsorption equations for pseudo-fi rst and pseudo-second order. Combined kinetic models of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order can provide a simple but satisfactory explanation of the adsorption process for a reactive dye. According to the characteristic diagrams and results of adsorption kinetic parameters of reactive dyes on ashes, for the applied amounts of the adsorbents and different initial dye concentrations, it can be concluded that the rate of sorption is fully functionally described by second order adsorption model. According to the results, the rate constant of pseudo-second order decreases with increasing initial dye concentration and increases with increasing amount of adsorbent – ash.
Effect of pre-treatment of fly ash on the efficiency of zeolite synthesis
Dorota Czarna-Juszkiewicz Piotr Kunecki Rafał Panek Magdalena Wdowin
Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi Polskiej Akademii Nauk | 2018 | Nr 105 | 213-224 | DOI: 10.24425/124363
Keywords fly ash synthesis Na-X fractions fly ash particle size
The problem of of the use of fly ash still constitutes a research and exploration area for scientists. This is due to the fact that, 6,000,000 Mg of coal combustion by-products (CCB) are storage on landfills yearly in Poland alone. One of the potential directions of using fly ash is to use it as a substrate in hydrothermal syntheses of mesoporous materials (synthetic zeolites). Zeolites are aluminosilicates with a spatial structure. Due to their specific structure they are characterized by a number of specific properties among others molecular-sieve, ion-exchange and catalytic that can be used in engineering and environmental protection. So far, the synthesis has been carried out using coal combustion by-products such as fly ash or microsphere. The article analyzes whether separation from the fly ash of the appropriate fraction (below 63 μm) will affect the formation of zeolite grains. The syntheses were carried out using class F fly ash and the fraction separated from it, which was obtained by sieving the ash through a 63 μm sieve. Chemical (XRF) and mineralogical (XRD, SEM-EDS) analyzes were carried out for substrates as well as the obtained reaction products. In the case of substrates, the analysis did not show any significant differences between the ash and the separated fraction. However, in products after synthesis (Na-X zeolite with a small amount of Na-P1 zeolite, and small amounts of quartz and unreacted aluminosilicate glass - mullite) higher aluminum and sodium contents were observed from the separated fraction, with a lower calcium and potassium content. A small proportion of illite was observed on the diffraction curve of the zeolite from the fraction. Observations of grain morphology showed no differences in formation. Based on the conducted analyzes, it can be stated that, considering the economics of the synthesis process, the separation of fine fractions from the fly ash does not affect the quality of the synthesis process.
Synthesis of pitiglianoit and tobermorite from fly ash originating from lignite combustion
Barbara Białecka Zdzisław Adamczyk Magdalena Cempa
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2019 | vol. 35 | No 3 | 5-22 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2019.128526
Keywords fly ash tobermorite pitiglianoite melilite
Fly ash which has been separated from the flue gas stream as a result of fossil fuels combustion constitutes a huge amount of waste generated worldwide. Due to environmental problems, many directions of their rational use have been developed. Various attempts to convert fly ash into sorption materials, mainly synthetic zeolites, are conducted successfully. In this paper, an attempt was made to convert fly ash from lignite combustion from one of the Polish power plants, using alkaline hydrothermal synthesis. The primary phases in the fly ash were: quartz, gehlenite, mullite, hematite, feldspar, lime, anhydrite, occasionally grains of ZnO phase and pyrrhotite, glass and unburned fuel grains. As a result of hydrothermal synthesis a material containing new phases – pitiglianoite and tobermorite was obtained. Among the primary ash constituents, only gehlenite with an unburned organic substance, on which tobermorite with crystallized pitiglianoite was present. As a result of detailed testing of products after synthesis, it was found that among the tested grains: • two populations can be distinguished – grains containing MgO and Fe2O3 as well as grains containing Fe2O3 or MgO or containing none of these components, • the main quantitative component was pitiglianoite, • pitiglianoite was present in larger amounts in grains containing Fe2O3 or MgO or in the absence of both components than in grains in which Fe2O3 and MgO were found. The results of the study indicate that in post-synthesis products, the contribution of components were as follows: pitiglianoite – 39.5% mas., tobermorite – 54% mas., gehlenite – 3% mas. and organic substance – 3.5% mas.
Suitability Tests of Fly Ashes Vitrification from Sewage Sludge Incineration<br>Badania Przydatności Witryfikacji Popiołów Lotnych Ze Spalania Osadów Ściekowych
G. Borowski
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2012 | vol. 38 | No 2 | DOI: 10.2478/v10265-012-0011-y
Keywords sewage sludge incineration ashes vitrification Sinters
The paper presents the results of preliminary studies on the properties of products made by vitrification of waste containing fly ashes from sewage sludge incineration. The performed tests of hazardous substances leached from the ashes, as well as the results of other laboratory tests confirmed the efficacy of vitrification. It has been found that the resulting products (sinters) could be used as a substitute aggregate for road foundations.
Perspective of the use of ashes from barbecue grills as an additive for mineral fertilizers
Zbigniew Jelonek
Keywords charcoal wood briquette waste management ash
In the process of determining the content of impurities, including fossil fuels, crude oil, coke, pitch, plastics, glass, slag, rust, metals, and rock dust, in charcoal and wood briquettes via microscopic examination, the question of the use of ashes from the combustion of grill fuels (taking the scale of the new national sport into account, commonly referred to as "weekend grilling") was raised. Another reason for addressing this issue was the question regarding the use of organic additives to acidified soil (mineral) fertilizers submitted by one of the clients of the bituminous coal and reservoir rocks analysis laboratory. In addition, the manufacturer of gardening soil has also expressed an interest in an unconventional deacidifying agent; the introduction of a new product with a unique ingredient is considered as a chance to stand out from the competition. A review of the literature shows that attempts to use ashes obtained from the biomass combustion in power boilers have been made. However, due to the biomass composition and additives and pollutants used in biomass for energy purposes, the production of such mixtures has been dropped. Based on the data from numerous samples of grill fuel, which meet the requirements regarding the content of impurities set out in the PN-EN 1860-2 standard, the question of the possible use of ash obtained from charcoal and wood briquette grilling as a component for use in the production of acidified soil (mineral) fertilizers was discussed. The article will present the amount of material obtained based on the statistical sales of barbecue fuels based on the experimentally calculated ash mass resulting from the combustion of 1 kg of starting material. In addition, a logistic proposal for obtaining ash from individual grill users will be developed. On the day of the submission of the present work, the results of the chemical analysis of charcoal and wood briquettes subjected to the gasification process have not yet been obtained. However, based on the microscopic analysis, it can be concluded that the content of impurities in the examined samples is highly unlikely to prevent the use of the mentioned ashes in agriculture.
Binding Capability of Ashes and Dusts from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration with Salt Brine and Geotechnical Parameters of the Cemented Samples
Krzysztof Skrzypkowski Waldemar Korzeniowski Katarzyna Poborska-Młynarska
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 4 | 903-918 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2018.124983
Keywords municipal waste salt chambers ashes hardening backfill
Based on laboratory tests of selected properties of secondary waste (ashes and dusts) from municipal waste incineration plants, the possibility of recovering some properties of waste in the process of filling the post-mining voids in the salt mine was assessed. The furnace bottom ash and the waste from the flue gas treatment from one of the national incineration plants were examined. The grain curves of dry waste and the density of the prepared mixtures were characterized. Twelve variants of the compositions of ash-based mixtures with varying proportions of the individual components were considered, taking into account both fresh water and brine. For each variant of the composition, the amount of redundant liquid appeared as well as the time of solidifying of the mixture to a certain strength and the compressibility values obtained. Considering the possibility of transporting mixtures in mines by means of pipelines at relatively long distances, and allowing the filling of large salt chambers to be filled and evenly filled, flow parameters were determined. In addition, the permeability of solidified waste samples was investigated, showing the potential for reducing the strength of the waste mass due to the action of water or brine. The technical feasibility of eliminating redundant liquid in the binding process has been confirmed, which is particularly important in salt mines. Preliminary values for the amount of binder (5%÷10%) to be added to the mixtures to obtain the specified strength properties of the artificially formed mass at Rc = 0.5 MPa. Attention was paid to the important practical aspect resulting from the rapid increase of this type of waste in the comming years in Poland and at the same time vast potential for their use in salt mining, where we have a huge capacity of salt chambers available.
Sequential leaching analysis to investigate the sintering process of coal, cereal pellets and wood pellets Ash
Arkadiusz Szydełko Dorota Nowak-Woźny Bartosz Urbanek Laura González Valdés Wiesław Rybak
Chemical and Process Engineering | 2019 | vol. 40 | No 2 | 189-199 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2019.126111
Keywords coal biomass leaching ash fusion behaviour
The presence of inorganic elements in solid fuels is not only considered a direct source of problems in the furnace but is also connected with the release of pollutants into air during combustion. This article focuses on the sintering characteristics of biomass and coal ashes, in particular on the leaching processes, and their impact on the tendency to sinter ash. Biomass and coal ash with high alkali metal concentration can deposit in boiler sections and cause severe operating problems such as slagging, fouling and corrosion of boiler and heat exchanger surface, limiting heat transfer. Two biomass types and one coal ash with different origin and different chemical compositions were investigated. A sequential leaching analysis was employed in this study to elucidate the modes of occurrence of metals that can transform into fuel extract. Sequential leaching analysis was conducted as a two-step process: using distilled water in the first step and acetic acid in the second step. The chemical composition of ashes, before and after each step of the leaching processwas studied using ICP-OES method. The standard Ash Fusion Temperature (AFTs) technique was also employed to assess the sintering tendency of the tested samples. It was observed that the presence of key elements such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and sulphur (elucidated in the leaching process) plays a significant role in sintering process. The sintering tendency enhances when the concentration of these elements increases.
Impact of Ash and Water Mixture Density on the Process of Gob Grouting in View of Laboratory Tests
Marcin Krzysztof Popczyk Rafał Jendruś
Keywords backfill fly ash-water mixtures gob grouting
Increasing environmental pressure against waste disposal, particularly fine waste surface storage and concern about mining damages have resulted in an increase in the popularity of a fly ash, tailing and binding agent mixture used as compaction grout of roof fall rocks in a gob area of longwalls. Backfilling of voids forming as a result of exploitation with the fall of roof with mixtures containing fine-grained industrial wastes is a common practice in coal mines. It is aimed at achieving numerous technological and ecological advantages as well as at controlling mining hazards. Research on hydraulic transport of fine-grained slurry conducted to date focused mainly on issues related to the analysis of the conditions related to pipeline transportation. The processes concerning the propagation of mixtures within the gob, on the other hand, remain largely unknown. The process of flow of fine-grained slurry through the caving is subject to a series of factors related, among other things, with the properties of the applied wastes and mixtures, the characteristics of the gob as well as the variability of these properties during the flow through the gob and in time. Due to the lack of sufficient knowledge pertaining to the changes taking place in the gob and in the slurry while it penetrates the gobs, no methods allowing for the design and optimization of the gob grouting process have been established so far. The paper presents the selected results of laboratory tests regarding the flow of ash and water mixtures in a model of a gob, pertaining to two selected types of fly ash produced in hard coal combustion, particularly concerning the impact of the type of the ash and the density of the slurry on the effectiveness of the gob grouting process.
Chemical stability and sanitary properties of pelletized organo-mineral waste-derived fertilizer
Justyna Lalak-Kańczugowska Agnieszka Kasprzycka Jerzy Tys Mariola Chmielewska Małgorzata Pawłowska
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2018 | No 3 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2018.122284
Keywords filamentous fungi digestate ashes from biomass combustion fertilizer pellets
Possibility of recycling the biomass ashes in sewage sludge management
Marta Wójcik Feliks Stachowicz Tomasz Trzepieciński Adam Andrzej Masłoń Ireneusz Opaliński
Keywords sewage sludge recycling waste management dewatering biomass ashes
Leak Tightness of Hardening Slurries with Fluidal Ashes in Chemically Aggressive Environments
Paweł Falaciński
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2011 | vol. 37 | No 1
Keywords hardening slurry fluidal ashes cut-off walls hydraulic conductivity
This article presents test results for hydraulic conductivity and porosity structure of hardening slurries prepared of Portland cement, betonite, water and fluidal ashes from the combustion of hard and brown coal. The slurries were exposed to persistent filtering action (180 days) of liquids chemically aggressive to cement binders, i.e. distilled water, 0.5% solution of nitric acid, 1% solution of sodium sulphate, 1% solution of magnesium nitrate and 1% solution of ammonium nitrate. Samples exposed to filtration of tap water constituted the reference base. The research was into relations between hydraulic conductivity and pore structure parameters in slurries, as well as into the influence of the type of aggressive medium on leak tightness of slurries (their porosity and hydraulic conductivity).
Possible applications of hardening slurries with fluidal ashes in environment protection structures
Keywords fluidal ashes hardening slurry cut-off walls hydraulic conductivity eluate
This article presents ways of possible utilization and application of fl uidal combustion wastes as active additives to hardening slurries which are used to seal environment protection structures, i.e. cut-off walls in waste dumps and wastewater treatment plants. Cut-off walls are often exposed to fi ltrating action of eluates - polluted (aggressive) waters. Results of hydraulic conductivity tests of slurries after their long-term (210 days) fi ltration with eluates from a municipal waste dump and with tap water are presented. Porosity tests were also conducted to show the porosity structure of the fi ltered slurries. Additionally, compressive strength of slurries maturing in tap water and waste dump eluates was tested in parallel.
Measuring the installation for mercury sorption from gases on solid sorbents
Piotr Kunecki Dorota Czarna-Juszkiewicz Rafał Panek Magdalena Wdowin
Keywords solid sorbents elemental mercury flue gases zeolites fly ash
The issue of mercury emission and the need to take action in this direction was noticed in 2013 via the Minamata Convention. Therefore, more and more often, work and new law regulations are commencing to reduce this chemical compound from the environment. The paper presents the problem of removing mercury from waste gases due to new BREF/BAT restrictions, in which the problem of the need to look for new, more efficient solutions to remove this pollution was also indicated. Attention is paid to the problem of the occurrence of mercury in the exhaust gases in the elemental form and the need to carry out laboratory tests. A prototype installation for the sorption of elemental mercury in a pure gas stream on solid sorbents is presented. The installation was built as part of the LIDER project, financed by the National Center for Research and Development in a project entitled: "The Application of Waste Materials From the Energy Sector to Capture Mercury Gaseous Forms from Flue Gas". The installation is used for tests in laboratory conditions in which the carrier gas of elemental mercury is argon. The first tests on the zeolite sorbent were made on the described apparatus. The tested material was synthetic zeolite X obtained as a result of a two-stage reaction of synthesis of fly ash type C with sodium hydroxide. Due to an increase, the chemical affinity of the tested material in relation to mercury, the obtained zeolite material was activated with silver ions (Ag+) by an ion exchange using silver nitrate (AgNO3). The first test was specified for a period of time of about 240 minutes. During this time, the breakthrough of the tested zeolite material was not recorded, and therefore it can be concluded that the tested material may be promising in the development of new solutions for capturing mercury in the energy sector. The results presented in this paper may be of interest to the energy sector due to the solution of several environmental aspects. The first of them is mercury sorption tests for the development of new exhaust gases treatment technologies. On the other hand, the second aspect raises the possibility of presenting a new direction for the management and utilization of combustion by-products such as fly ash.
Fly ashes and beidellite clays from Bełchatów as components of self-solidification mixtures
Elżbieta Hycnar Marek Waldemar Jończyk Tadeusz Ratajczak
Keywords Bełchatów lignite deposit fly ashes beidellite clays self-solidification mixtures
The exploitation and processing of lignite in the Bełchatów region is connected with the formation of various mineral waste materials: varied in origin, mineral and chemical composition and raw material properties of the accompanying minerals, ashes and slags from lignite combustion and reagipsum from wet flue gas desulphurisation installations. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests whose main purpose was to obtain data referring to the potential use of fly ashes generated in the Bełchatów Power Plant and selected accompanying minerals exploited in the Bełchatów Mine in the form of self-solidification mixtures. The beidellite clays were considered as the most predisposed for use from the accompanying minerals , due to pozzolanic and sorption properties and swelling capacity. Despite the expected beneficial effects of clay minerals from the smectite group on the self-settling process as well as the stability of such blends after solidification, the results of physical-mechanical tests (compressive strength and water repellence) were unsatisfactory. It was necessary to use Ca (OH)2, obtained from the lacustrine chalk as an activator of the self-settling process It was necessary to use lacustrine chalk as an activator of the self-solidification process. The presence of calcium will allow the formation of cement phases which will be able to strongly bond the skeletal grains. Also, the addition of reagipsum to the composition of the mixture would contribute to the improvement of the physico-mechanical parameters. The elevated SO4 2– ion in the mixture during the solidification allows for the crystallization of the sulphate phases in the pore space to form bridges between the ash and clay minerals. The use of mixtures in land reclamation unfavourably transformed by opencast mining in the Bełchatów region would result in measurable ecological and economic benefits and would largely solve the problem of waste disposal from the from the operation and processing of lignite energy.
Fly ashes from the combustion of lignite as additive to the cement slurry used in the work of filling voids in the rock mass
Małgorzata Formela Stanisław Stryczek
Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi Polskiej Akademii Nauk | 2017 | Nr 97 | 117-134
Keywords cement slurry fly ashes lignite voids in the rock mass
The main energy source in Poland is still hard coal and lignite. The coal combustion process produces large quantities of by-products, e.g. fly ashes, slag furnace and harmful chemical gases (CO2, NOx, sulfur compounds) which enter the atmosphere. Fly ashes, due to their being fine grained (cement-like), chemical and phase compound and reactivity, have also been widely used in various technological solutions e.g. in the production of ordinary cement, hydro-technical cement and the new generation of cements. The adequate amount of fly ashes additive has a positive effect on fresh and hardened cement slurry properties. What is more, it allows for the pro-ecological and economic production of cement mix The exploitation of natural resources is connected with performance mining excavations at different depths. After a certain period of time, those voids break down which, in turn, leads to the slip of upper layers and the so-called landslides forming on the surface. This situation imposes the necessity of basis and sealing rock mass reinforcement. To minimize the risk connected to geotechnical problems on the mining areas, there is a need to use engineering solutions which could improve soil bearing in a universal, economical and efficient way. This leads to the development of new cement slurry recipes used during geoengineering works, especially in the mining areas. Moreover, economic requirements are forcing engineers to use less expensive technical and technological solutions simultaneously maintaining strength properties. An example of such a solution is to use suitable additives to cement slurry which could reduce the total unit cost of the treatment.
Balance and methods of the utilization of salt waters from active and decommissioned hard coal mines including their use in underground mining technologies
Grzegorz Strozik
Keywords mine waters management salt waters filling of underground voids fly ash
Mine drainage and discharge of salt waters into water bodies belong to main environmental issues, which must be appropriately addressed by the underground coal mining industry. The large area of exploited and abandoned mine fields in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin, as well as the geological structure of the rock mass and its hydrogeological conditions require the draining and discharge of about 119 million m3/yr of mine waters. Increasing the depth of mining and the necessity of protection of mines against water hazard result in increased amounts of chlorides and sulphates in the mine waters, even by decreasing the total coal output and the number of mines. The majority of the salts are being discharged directly into rivers, partly under control of salt concentration, however from the point of the view of environment protection, the most favorable way of their utilization would be technologies allowing the bulk use of saline waters. Filling of underground voids represents a group of such methods, from which the filling of goaves (cavings) is the most effective. Due to large volume of voids resulting from the extraction of coal and taking the numerous limitations of this method into account, the potential capacity for filling reaches about 17.7 million m3/yr of cavings and unnecessary workings. Considering the limited availability of fly ash, which is the main component of slurries being in use for the filling of voids, the total volume of saline water and brines, which could be utilized, has been assessed as 3,5–6,5 million m3/yr
Comparative analysis of the evaluation of the influence of waste on the environment depending on the applied research method (on the example of brown coal ash)
Czesława Rosik-Dulewska Urszula Karwaczyńska Tomasz Ciesielczuk
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2019 | vol. 35 | No 4 | 135-146 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2019.128539
Keywords leaching test lignite ashes heavy metals sequential chemical extraction BCR
The problem of the migration of metal ions in the environment remains a current problem in light of the quality of obtained crops. The necessity of more and more frequent use of alternative sources of biogens in the form of waste substances, poses a threat of loading significant amounts of metals into the soil – including heavy metals harmful to human health and life. The article discusses a significant problem, namely the comparison of the results of the environmental impact of waste, obtained on the basis of legally authorized leaching tests (three-stage leaching test according to PN-EN 12457:2006), with results obtained from sequential chemical extraction (performed in 4-step chemical extraction developed and recommended in European Union countries by Communities Bureau of References – BCR). The study covered an investigation of industry fly ash from the combustion of lignite, in which Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Na, K, Li concentrations and loads were calculated. A mobility of analyzed elements was established on this basis. From heavy metals, the highest values in fraction I were noted for nickel and copper and zinc as well as nickel were noted for fraction IV . Peaking values of electrolytic conductivity in eluates was created by high concentrations of macroelements (Na and K). These tests confirm that the leaching tests used for their application in the natural environment indicate such concentrations at the highest levels that can be obtained at the first or second stage of sequential chemical extraction, and thus their proper full environmental impact is not known.
Environmental Impact of Straw Based Fuel Combustion
Monika Czop Małgorzata Kajda-Szcześniak
Keywords Formed fuel biomass thermal processes emission of gas pollutions ashes heavy metals
Biomass is commonly considered as a renewable fuel, which taking into account emission of CO2 does not contribute to the emission of the greenhouse gases. In the research, combustion tests of two types of fuel formed on the basis of straw with addition of polyethylene were performed in the laboratory. The article presents results of measurements of gas pollution coming from the combustion of the formed fuel. Obtained results were compared with similar literature data for the combustion of coal. The research covers also testing of chemical content, content of heavy metals and selected physical properties of ashes generated during the process of burning fuel based on straw.
Comparison of anthropogenic metal deposition rates with excess soil loading from coal, oil and gas industries in the Usa River Basin, NW Russia
Tony R. Walker
Polish Polar Research | 2005 | vol. 26 | No 4 | 299-314
Keywords Russian Arctic Usa River Basin soil and snow chemistry soil loading coal combustion ash fallout
Trace metal composition of snowpack, snow-melt filter residues and top-soils were determined along transects through industrial towns in the Usa River Basin: Inta, Usinsk and Vorkuta. Elevated concentrations of deposition elements and pH in snow and soils associated with alkaline coal ash within 25-40 km of Vorkuta and Inta were found. Atmospheric deposition in the vicinity of Vorkuta and Inta, added significantly to the soil contaminant loading as a result of ash fallout. The element concentrations in soils within 20-30 km of Vorkuta do not reflect current deposition rates, but instead, reflect an historical pollution legacy, when coal mining activity peaked in the 1960s. There is little evidence of anthropogenic metal deposition around the gas and oil town of Usinsk.
Recovery of the raw materials as an element of coal waste management and reusing of landfill sites
Zenon Różański
Keywords fly ash anthropogenic deposit recovery of raw materials fire hazard coal waste dumping ground
There are a huge number of objects constituting a storage place of coal mining waste in the coal basins in Poland and around the world. The article is a continuation of the study on the possibilities of using raw materials deposited on the coal mining waste dumping grounds on the example of the Przezchlebie dumping ground. The possibility of coal recovery from mining waste located on the dumping ground was analyzed. Tests on the quality parameters of waste were carried out, i.e. moisture and ash content, as well as the calorific value of raw waste. The relatively high calorific value and low ash content in the waste served as the basis for further tests related to the separation of coal. Tests on the mining waste enrichment using the complex based on the K-102 Komag pulse separator were carried out. As a result of coal separation, 7.66% of concentrate was obtained (in relation to feed) with the calorific value of 26.16 MJ/kg and ash content of 19.96%. Apart from mining waste, power plant waste (fly ash) can also be found on the dumping ground. They were subjected to tests for the possibility of using them in the production of construction materials, especially concrete and cement. Fly ash from the Przezchlebie dumping ground was classified as silica ash and it was found that it meets the requirements of Polish standard, except for the fineness of 42%. The separation of coal will eliminate the fire hazard on the dumping ground. A possible scenario of managing waste material on a dumping ground, which can be implemented in similar facilities, has been presented.


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