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Canon articles, Articles with major spoilers, Imperial projects and operations
Dark trooper program
No. I am your father!
Warning! This page contains MAJOR spoilers from The Mandalorian Season Two. Caution is advised.
Gideon's light cruiser[1]
Imperial Department of Military Research[1]
Gideon's Imperial remnant[3]
The dark trooper program[2] was an Imperial Department of Military Research[1] program whose goal was to create combat droids[2] known as dark troopers[3] for the Galactic Empire. The program was considered a failure and contributed to the Joint Chiefs becoming disinterested in the use of combat droids, with the notable exception of the KX-series security droid.[2] Despite this, the experimental Phase II Dark Trooper was evaluated by the Imperial Military during the Galactic Civil War,[4] though these units required a human pilot to operate. By the third generation of the dark trooper, it was decided that the pilot was the final weakness in the design. Thus, it was decided to[3] once again[2] make the dark trooper a type of battle droid. A platoon of third generation dark troopers was used by Moff Gideon's Imperial remnant[3] around the year 9 ABY.[5] IDMR scientists were stationed aboard Gideon's light cruiser to maintain these dark troopers,[1] which were held in cold storage due to their excessive power requirements.[3]
The dark trooper program was first mentioned in the Star Wars canon in Dawn of Rebellion, a 2018 sourcebook for the Star Wars Roleplaying Game by Fantasy Flight Games.[2] It made its first appearance in "Chapter 12: The Siege," the twelfth episode of The Mandalorian.[1] It was originally created for the 1995 Star Wars Legends video game Star Wars: Dark Forces.[6]
The Mandalorian – "Chapter 12: The Siege" (First appearance)
Dawn of Rebellion (First mentioned)
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 The Mandalorian – "Chapter 12: The Siege"
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Dawn of Rebellion
↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 The Mandalorian – "Chapter 16: The Rescue"
↑ Star Wars: Commander
↑ SWCC 2019: 9 Things We Learned from The Mandalorian Panel on StarWars.com (backup link) establishes that The Mandalorian is set about five years after the events of Star Wars: Episode VI Return of the Jedi, which Star Wars: Galactic Atlas dates to 4 ABY. Therefore, the events of "Chapter 12: The Siege," must have taken place around 9 ABY.
↑ Star Wars: Dark Forces
Retrieved from "https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Dark_trooper_program?oldid=9678363"
Articles with major spoilers
Imperial projects and operations


Shovel Knight is the rare type of game that immediately reveals its influences but manages to feel fresh and original at the same type. Gamers noticed, and the game sold well as a result, but now the game is the recipient of an honore no other game has received to date.
Nintendo announced today that the titular main character of Shovel Knight will soon be available as an Amiibo. This makes Shovel Knight the first ever indie game to receive its own Amiibo, showing just how good a job developer Yacht Club Games has done at creating a successor to the retro games that inspired it.
For Wii U owners, the Amiibo will offer something not yet seen in Shovel Knight: cooperative play. Both the 3DS and Wii U versions of the game can use the Amiibo to level up Shovel Knight with new visual enhancements and in-game abilities, then use the powered-up character in Amiibo-exclusive challenge levels.
While the retail release of Shovel Knight and upcoming free Plague of Shadows expansion are obviously keeping Yacht Club Games busy, Nintendo hints that a sequel may be on the way as well. "Creating an Amiibo that's compatible with all current and future Shovel Knight games shows that our strong relationship with independent developers is constantly evolving," Nintendo of America's Damon Baker said.
This new Amiibo shows that Nintendo is doing its best to keep Shovel Knight closely associated with the company's name, despite it being available on other platforms. The Plague of Shadows expansion will launch first on the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U, with other platforms getting it at a later date.
There is no word on when the Amiibo will be release, but it's expected that it will be somewhat close to Shovel Knight's retail release on October 13.


VimpelCom, Russia's second-largest mobile-phone operator, and its shareholder Telenor will identify an international development strategy next year to sustain growth beyond Russia's saturated market.
"It will be interesting if we have a whole picture, a good business case," OAO VimpelCom Vice President Nikolai Pryanishnikov told reporters yesterday in Moscow, where the company is based. VimpelCom and its main rivals OAO Mobile TeleSystems and OAO MegaFon want to expand beyond Russia, a country with 143 million inhabitants and 148 million subscribers. VimpelCom and Norway's Telenor ASA, which owns 26.6% of the Russian company, are in a legal dispute over expansion in Ukraine.
Pryanishnikov said it's too early to say which regions beyond Russia and other former Soviet countries VimpelCom will focus on in the future. Moscow Arbitration Court yesterday will hear a third suit by Telenor disputing VimpelCom's acquisition of Ukrainian Radio Systems, the country's fourth-largest wireless operator. Telenor controls Ukraine's largest mobile phone company ZAT Kyivstar GSM.
"Those things are not related at all," Kjell Morten Johnsen, Telenor's head in Russia, said in a telephone interview yesterday. "Even though we are contesting a past decision, we welcome very much the management's initiative for a strategy going forward." VimpelCom, which is also active in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Georgia, and recently bought control of Armenia's national phone company, Armentel, is also studying Azerbaijan, Belarus, Moldova and Kyrgyzstan, Pryanishnikov said.


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Ecuador Travel Videos
Hello, Calling From A Galapagos Dream Trip
Credit: Andrew Norton
Written by Andrew Norton
Hello, this is the Galápagos Islands calling about your dream trip. This got me hooked from the moment the phone started ringing until the very end. I couldn't stop watching and smiling at this fun and entertaining travel video of the Galápagos Islands created by Andrew Norton. He has put a very creative and amusing spin on a video showcasing these amazing islands.
Bird on a Cliff in the Galápagos
Photo Credit: Arnie Papp/Flickr/CC-BY
Land Iguana
Photo Credit: Paul Krawczuk/Flickr/CC-BY
The Galápagos Islands intrigues many as a fascinating travel destination where you can get up close and personal with an abundance of diverse wildlife in its natural habitat. This volcanic archipelago of 18 main islands, several smaller ones, and over a hundred rocks and islets, is located about 1,000km (621mi) off the coast of Ecuador, the country to which these islands belong, and stretch out over thousands of miles in the Pacific Ocean. The Galápagos was the first UNESCO World Heritage site in 1978, and Darwin's famous theory of The Origin of Species was inspired by his research in the Galápagos. These islands are many a photographer's dream for its unspoiled landscape and endless species of rare wildlife.
Crabs of the Galápagos
Photo Credit: Maciej/Flickr/CC-BY-SA
If visiting the Galápagos Islands is on your someday trip list, GalapagosIslands.com has a wealth of information on how to travel here, including cruise information, hotels, special promotions, and much more to help you get started on planning your trip.
"Diego" A Galapagos Tortoise
For a land-based excursion, the five-star rated Pikaia Lodge located on the central island of Santa Cruz offers a luxury eco-adventure experience with easy access to expansive pristine beaches and nearby islands via boat. The hotel offers rooms with stunning views, excellent food and a variety of excursions to experience the incredible wildlife. The Tripadvisor reviews will entice you even more to plan a stay here for once-in-a-lifetime experience.
One can fly to the Galápagos via flights generally from Quito or Guayaquil in Ecuador to either Baltra or San Cristobal airports in the Galápagos.
Mr. Norton's video is a light-hearted and different style of travel video, but a trip to the Galápagos is a different type of travel experience and one to add to your someday trip list.
Remarks by Andrew Norton: I recently got invited to visit the Galápagos islands in Ecuador. Just before returning home I called my wife, Katie to tell her about it. A tale of trying quasi-adventurous things, Darwin marrying his cousin and riding a tortoise and a kid that can do 1000 kick-ups, among other things.
Note: No tortoises we ridden during the making of this film.
Illustrations by: Drew Shannon
Music by: Podington Bear
Grading by: Alter Ego
12 Reasons to Visit Chenonceaux in Autumn
Oh how we love to explore France as the season changes to bring fall colors and autumn…
The Best Travel Photos of 2016
In 2016 we shared many travel photos. Here are the top 10 travel images from destinations…
A very familar music theme starts this film. You'll be awestruck by the many stunning…
Aurora Borealis in Iceland
The nothern lights (aurora borealis) are the result of electrons colliding with the upper…
More about this content: Andrew Norton
Location Info: galapagos ecuador south america
GPS: -0.614596 -90.369094
Accuracy: near
Read 1144 times	Last modified on 14 April 2017
More in this category: « Mountain Biking in Ecuador

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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In Memory of Police Officer Raymond Harris
On Sunday, August 4, 2019, nearly 18 years after the fall of the Twin Towers, the US is still losing lives to the tragedy that occurred on September 11, 2001. Police Officer Raymond Harris, age 52, died due to cancer he developed after working the search and recovery efforts at the World Trade Center. Police Officer Raymond Harris had served the city of New York for over 22 years.
On September 11, 2001, nineteen suicide bombers hijacked four American passenger airlines. The terrorist hijackers were a part of the al Qaeda network. The terrorist network was known across the globe and was headed by Osama bin Laden.
September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attack
On the morning of September 11, 2001, nineteen terrorist hijackers working for the al Qaeda network and Osama bin Laden crashed four hijacked planes. The hijackers used the aircraft to crash into the World Trade Center towers in New York, the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. On that morning, 72 officers from eight local, state, and federal agencies were killed trying to rescue victims.
After the first impact into the World Trade Center's North Tower, many first responders reacted, putting others' safety before their own. Law enforcement, fire departments, and EMS personnel – all heroes – rushed into the burning Twin Towers to help lead victims to safety. Due to their quick actions that more than 25,000 individuals were saved. More than 500 first responders, survivors, and residents of Manhattan have died from 9/11 related illnesses in the 19 years since the attacks.
A New York's Finest member,' Harris served his career with the New York City Police Department. The department has a long history dating back to when it was first established as a municipal police department in 1845. It wasn't long after that the city's Mayor, William Havemeyer, coined the still well-loved phrase "New York City's Finest."
One of the most outstanding achievements of the NYPD to protect the community was the establishment of the Real-Time Crime Center. The top-notch technologically advanced center has given NYPD the information to identify crime patterns and stop new crimes from occurring.
He is survived by his wife, two daughters, and granddaughter. The Harris family name was added to the memorial for the 9/11 victims in September 2021. The family may find some solace in the beautiful memorial built for families of the fallen. The Harris family will be forever proud that Officer Raymond Harris was a true hero, putting others before himself throughout his life.
The NYPD 77th District posted the news about Officer Harris in an extensive post on Facebook. "If you looked up the word "gentleman" in any dictionary, you would likely find the definition to read, "a chivalrous, courteous, or honorable man." If anyone who ever met Police Officer Raymond Harris were to write a dictionary, it would certainly include a picture of Ray directly under that definition. Officer Harris was appointed to the New York City Police Department on October 15, 1990. After his assignment to the 77th Precinct, he quickly became a fixture, a leading figure, a voice of reason, and a source of great advice and knowledge. If you had any question or any problem, Ray would be the first person most other officers would turn to."
The department district continued to claim that Harris was an inspiration to others. "After the attacks of 9/11, like thousands of other heroic and dedicated officers, Officer Harris was exposed to the toxic dust and debris that blanketed lower Manhattan and blew across the region. Little did he know, this toxic brew would eventually cost Ray his life. The effects of 9/11 would go on to ravage Ray's body in unimaginable ways, but Ray fought this horrible disease for years, proclaiming to the world that he would fight until he won. He fought and fought hard until the very end. His battle was an inspiration to his friends and former coworkers, especially when he was so excited to remind us that he was beating the odds and even his doctor's predictions. Sadly, his body could fight no longer, and we lost this gentle giant, a true gentleman, on August 4, 2019. Police Officer Raymond G Harris will never be forgotten here in the 77th Precinct, his memory living on in the hearts and minds of every cop that had the pleasure of serving beside him. Rest easy, brother; we'll take it from here. Fidelis Ad Mortem."
Law Enforcement New York City Police Department Police Officer


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Angela Woolsey October 26, 2021 at 5:00am
Family of Man Killed in I-495 Crash Starts GoFundMe — "The family of a 24-year-old Washington, D.C., man who died last week in a crash on the Capital Beltway in Fairfax County is holding an online fundraiser to help pay for his funeral expenses. The man, Elson Turcios, died in an early morning crash last Thursday on I-495, according to the Virginia State Police." [Patch]
Metro Works to Bring More Railcars into Service — Metro is still working to bring back some older trains as crowding and long wait times continue to plague the transit system two weeks after a railcar derailed in Arlington. Officials said they ran 31 trains yesterday (Monday) and hope to improve service next week, though a timeline for the return of the 7000-series cars removed for inspections is still unclear. [DCist]
County Reports Strong Turnout for Sunday Voting — "We had a huge turnout for #earlyvoting this weekend. More than 9,000 people voted on Sat (10/23). On the first ever Sunday (10/24) for early voting, 4,656 people cast ballots! This is the last week to #voteearly" [Fairfax County Office of Elections/Twitter]
Annual Coat Drive Helps Fairfax County Residents and Beyond — "Firefighters, police officers and others in Fairfax County, Virginia, teamed up Monday to bag up 3,000 new winter jackets so they can get them onto the backs and shoulders of kids who need them…Most of the coats went to Fairfax County residents, and in many cases, along the Route 1 corridor. But some were going to places like Prince William County, the city of Alexandria and even into Prince George's County, Maryland." [WTOP]
Police Collect Unused Prescription Drugs — Fairfax County police collected 1,406 pounds of unused and expired over-the-counter and prescription medication on Saturday (Oct. 23) as part of the 21st Annual National Prescription Drug Take Back Day. The McLean District Station received 220 pounds, behind West Springfield and Reston Hospital Center. [FCPD]
crash death donation drugs Fairfax County police fundraiser Metro morning notes voting
Flash Flood Watch in effect tonight for Fairfax CountyFairfax County board defers decision on rezoning for The Boro extension


2 Beds 1 Bath 878 Sq. ft.
Investor Special! Wonderful cottage available in a great area of Riverside. Property is being sold ''as is, with no seller repairs''. 2/1 cottage that needs to be restored to it's former glory.


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Musicians, Singers And Music Bands
Adam Duritz
consent.yahoo.com
Name: Adam Duritz ( Adam Fredric Duritz )
Birthplace: Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Height: 183 Feet
Occupation: musician, songwriter, record producer
Tags: musician, songwriter, record producer
Horoscope: Leo
Ethnicity: Russian Jewish
Education: Oakland's high school
Match marriage: not married
Music career
Movie career
Adam Duritz: biography
The Maryland native, Adam Duritz received wide acclaim in 1991 as a musician and one of the founders of the rock band Counting Crows. Apart from playing keyboards and performing lead vocals, Adam did solo projects and collaborated with famous musicians. Also, he opened two record labels and wrote original music specifically to accompany a movie for the actors. Also, he's a star of Adult Contemporary radio. Adam has never been married and doesn't have children. His net worth is roughly estimated at $40 million, mostly earned through a successful career in the music industry.
NEW SONG ALERT! Stream the #AmazonOriginal track "August and Everything After" at the link in bio. @amazonmusic
A post shared by adam d (@countingcrows) on Jan 24, 2019 at 1:52pm PST
Originally Adam held the American nationality, although he is of Russian Jewish descent. The birthplace of Adam was Baltimore. He was born there to his parents, Jewish doctors, on August 1, 1964. Adam grew up in different cities. He attended high school in Watertown and graduated from Oakland's high school.
Most of his childhood, Adam spent in Oakland. The family moved there from Texas. Adam was a sports fan from an early age. As a kid, he was a Celtics fan because he lived in Boston for a bit, but once he got to Oakland, he fell in love with the Golden State Warriors. It was a very cool time to be a kid in Oakland. In 1975 the Warriors won NBA championship. The A's were in the middle of winning three World Series in a row, and the Raiders were amazing. In 1976 the Raiders won the Super Bowl. It was just awesome for Adam to live there during that time.
Happy Fourth Anniversary to my old pal Dave Gibbs @thekidlightning and @augustinewinebar. Wish like crazy we were there to celebrate with you!
A post shared by adam d (@countingcrows) on Feb 19, 2019 at 3:36pm PST
In addition to the interest of the sport, Adam's peculiar hairstyle, which has been a special feature of his image, also came from his young ages. The long dreadlocks were not his actual hair. Adam's father went bald and wore a wig with dreadlocks. Once he gave it to Adam, who subsequently made the wig an integral part of the image.
Duritz started his music career in San Francisco, singing and writing songs for local bands. His songs were spread on college campus radio. In 1990 he met his future bandmates and participated in writing music for them. The same year Duritz joined The Himalayans, but left the band in 1991, when he and David Bryson united to create demo-tape for a record label.
I met @CinjunTate over 20 yrs ago when I was bartending at the Viper Room & he came in w/his band mates in REMY ZERO. I literally carried one of them home that night over my shoulder up the hill to the little apt they all shared in Hollywood. We've been friends ever since. He lived at my house at times during the making of two separate albums. He's been through some stuff but he's still here and nothing makes me happier than telling you he's playing Underwater Sunshine Fest this Nov 8-9 at @rockwoodmusichall. @katie_underwatersunshine writes about him this week. The link is in the @underwatersunshinefest bio. Read it. Be there.
A post shared by adam d (@countingcrows) on Jun 14, 2019 at 7:52pm PDT
Their work got recognition, and was the beginning of their debut album "August and Everything After". It was released in 1993 by new formed group Counting Crows. The album had a success. It picked at top 5 of the main US chart. The group received two Grammy Awards' nominations in 1994, while the album became platinum.
In 1997Adam Duritz became the co-owner of a record label E Pluribus Unum, later bought out by Geffen Records. In 2007 Adam set up a new label, Tyrannosaurus Records, also known as T-Recs. The first two signings were Brooklyn hip-hop outfit Notar and Chicago rock band Blacktop Mourning, who Duritz accidentally discovered via their MySpace music sites. He had no intention of setting up a second label until he heard those artists' tracks online. Then he intended to remove the red-tape associated with normal record companies.
Hanging out in Nashville w/Chris & Mike @dashboardconfessional & @darkest_hour_official singing some stuff and cooking Seder. Now I just gotta get my tattoo from @lovepeaceandsprinkles . What are YOU up to?
A post shared by adam d (@countingcrows) on Apr 20, 2019 at 2:37pm PDT
Apart from being a successful musician, in 1997, Adam decided to try himself as an executive producer. His first project was The Locusts. His second project, Freeloaders (2011), became an example of lazy filmmaking. Attempts to stretch into outrageous comedy and to add romance and character development felt forced and desperate.
It felt as if the movie didn't dare to choose one way or the other. It could have been entirely outrageous or dialed back and much sweeter, but instead, it tried to please a wide range of viewers and ended up pleasing no one.
So bummed we can't be at @bottlerocknapa to see our pals @gangofyouths play today.
A post shared by adam d (@countingcrows) on May 26, 2019 at 1:07pm PDT
The movie's plot told about a group of freeloaders, Dave (Josh Lawson), Emma (Zoe Boyle), Benny (Kevin Sussman), Fritz (Nat Faxton), Trane (Warren Hutchinson), and Vic (Clifton Collins Jr.), who have been crashing at a mansion owned by Adam Duritz for years. When Adam announces that he's getting married and selling the mansion, the freeloaders must either find new places to live or raise a pile of cash to buy the mansion themselves.
Despite having an extensive list of girlfriends in the past, Adam is not married and doesn't have children. He started his love affairs from having a fling with Winona Ryder in 1994. Later he wrote the song "Mrs. Potter's Lullaby" for Monica Potter. Once he dated Lara Flynn Boyle.
In 1995, Duritz briefly dated Jennifer Aniston. They were spotted quite a few times as the actress had just begun drawing media attention due to her stint in Friends as Rachel Green. However, reports suggested that the relationship ended even before it took flight. Two years later, Adam was dating another Friends' star and close friend of Jennifer, Courteney Cox.
Over the years, Adam had relationships with Whitney Casey, Trishelle Cannatella, Samantha Mathis, Christina Applegate, and Mary-Louise Parker. In 2009 – 2010 he dated Emmy Rossum. The pair originally met through Twitter. Once, Emmy said that she got why chicks dug Adam. She said that he was extremely kind, incredibly intelligent, thoughtful, creative, and respectful.
These are the cumulative faces of two people who went to see LATE NIGHT & BOOK SMART at the @AngelikaFilmCenter and saw CARRIE BROWNSTEIN @carrie_rachel but lacked nearly all of the moral courage necessary to geek out and say hi. (sigh) It's all so lacking.
In 2008 Adam Duritz suffered from Depersonalization Disorder, which made the mind feel disengaged from the body and one's surroundings, for periods lasting from minutes to months. Then he said it doomed all his relationships and has left him a lonely man in his 50th year.
"It's like the world doesn't seem very real, I don't know," Duritz said. "I really hoped it would go away, or that I would find the right medication, so it didn't affect me anymore, or that I would just go to therapy and could think my way around it. But none of that has happened."
We traveled all the way to London to see the most American of all New York Stories #TheLehmanTrilogy last night, then spent the day hanging on the canals in Islington w/ @gangofyouths & @cortbray
A post shared by adam d (@countingcrows) on Jul 16, 2019 at 8:53am PDT
In 2017, reflecting on his love life, Adam said:
"In the past, whenever anything went wrong in a relationship, I could always write a song about it, and that made it OK. I could go another year, make another record, do another tour. I regret not having had the relationship that would have led to marriage and kids – so now I'm wondering, will I ever have children?"
Adam is one of a lot of fans, who signed up for NBA League Pass just to be able to witness their exciting brand of basketball on a nightly basis. Thanks to League Pass, he has frequently been watching his favorite Warriors' games. Like a true fan, he even sometimes posted from the Counting Crows' Twitter and Instagram accounts while watching.
Weird to think about Oracle closing. I spent a lot of my childhood there. Saw ELO there in 78 on Out Of The Blue, Springsteen on Born In The USA, The Police On Synchronicity, Roxy Music on Avalon, a bunch of Grateful Dead Shows. LOTS of @Warriors games, saw the California Golden Seals Hockey Team beat the Rangers in '75. Just a great place. Lots of memories.
In 2017, the Warriors celebrated their championship. The entire team headed to Harlot Nightclub in San Francisco, where the Warriors partied the night away with Bay Area legends Too Short and E-40. After the Warriors game, Adam Duritz visited the party too.
"August and Everything After" (1993)
"Counting Crows - An Interview With Adam Duritz" (2002)
"All My Bloody Valentines" (2011)


What's the weather like in Ozdere in April?
Ozdere overlooks the Aegean Coast on the south-west of Turkey and has a beautiful rugged coastline with soft sandy beaches and tall mountains. It's close to the ancient ruins of Ephesus and has a great climate in April with plenty of warm sunshine and clear blue skies.
You'll find this resort located on Turkey's Aegean Coast. Ozdere weather in April is very pleasant with sun-kissed beaches and not much chance of rain. April is considered one of the best months to visit Ozdere because the flowers are in bloom and there are fewer crowds than the summer. The weather is great for spending time on the beach without it being too hot.
April weather in Ozdere is very pleasant with an average daily temperature of 21°C. It's quite humid towards the end of the month with highs of 68% on rainy days. The average rainfall is 46mm that usually falls on eight days of the month. The sea temperature is around 17°C with winds reaching speeds of up to 8mph. Each day has 13 hours of sunshine per day, which is lots of time to sightsee and enjoy lazy days on the beach.


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hello i am soniclovenoize. because i have too much time on my hands, i waste it by reconstructing famous unreleased albums. here are some of them. enjoy. WE NOW HAVE BAND SHIRTS FOR SALE! SUPPORT US AND LOOK COOL AT THE SAME TIME! https://www.etsy.com/shop/AlbumsThatNeverWere
The Clash - Rat Patrol From Fort Bragg
The Clash – Rat Patrol From Fort Bragg
(soniclovenoize reconstruction)
1. Straight To Hell
2. Know Your Rights
3. Rock The Casbah
4. Red Angel Dragnet
5. Should I Stay Or Should I Go
6. Ghetto Defendant
7. Sean Flynn
Side C:
8. Car Jamming
9. The Fulham Connection
10. Atom Tan
11. First Night Back in London
Side D:
12. Inoculated City
13. Death is a Star
14. Cool Confusion
15. Idle in Kangaroo Court W1
A blog-follower request, this is a reconstruction of the unreleased Clash album Rat Patrol From Fort Bragg. Originally conceived as a double-album by guitarist Mick Jones who had tried to harness more creative control of the band, Rat Patrol was eventually skimmed down and remixed into a more commercial single-disc, their seminal 1982 album Combat Rock. Unlike other Rat Patrol bootlegs, this reconstruction follows Mick Jones' actual track order found on his rough cut of the double-album. Also my reconstruction uses a number of sources to provide the most complete, pristine and dynamic album possible, including remastered bootleg tracks and a needledrop vinyl rip of an original pressing of Combat Rock. As always, all tracks are volume adjusted for a cohesive listening experience.
By the early 1980s, the cracks in The Clash had begun to form. Coming off their daring 1980 triple-album Sandinista!, work began on their fifth album in late 1981 at a London rehearsal space, demoing new material with a mobile multitrack set-up. While Clash frontman Joe Strummer hoped for a more commercial and concise single album of roots-rock, guitarist Mick Jones wished to continue the world beat influence of their previous album, pushing the envelope to his current tastes in dub, reggae and American hip-hop. Temporarily shelving their differences, The Clash embarked on a tour and residency to road-test the new material. During this period, the band embraced images and concepts associated with the Vietnam War—or at least the Vietnam War as seen through the Hollywood lens. They also embraced elements of urban American culture, even as much as having graffiti artist Futura 2000 paint the backdrop of their tour. Blending this 'ghetto' and Vietnam War imagery together, they created an aesthetic of "urban warfare" which was perpetuated in Joe Strummers lyrics for the new material. Was this perhaps a metaphor for the band's own internal warfare?
Reconvening in New York's Electric Ladyland Studios in late 1981—Mick's choice as he felt that was the center of modern musical activity—The Clash got to work recording the album proper, led by Jones' vision of a more funk/reggae/dub-inspired sound and fueled by Topper Headon's appropriately globalized drumming. Sides were drawn as Headon's heroin addiction led to his own perception as being an outcast in the group and sided with Jones, leaving Joe Strummer and bassist Paul Simonon (who felt he had been forced to take a creative backseat) to unite on the other side of the battle field and vie for a single disc punk record. As sessions progressed, the songs became longer—an obvious dub influence—and despite Strummer's worries that they needed a single-LP for CBS Records to properly promote the album, the project was steadily becoming yet another double album, possibly doomed to distribution limbo. The situation amounted to running two studio rooms simultaneously so both Strummer and Jones could work independently on their vocals and guitar overdubs respectively, without having to actually interact with each other.
Just before leaving to tour Asia in early 1982, Mick Jones prepared his vision of the double album, provisionally titled Rat Patrol From Fort Bragg. Long-winded, indulgent and sometimes even superfluous, the album contained 15 songs and ran over 65 minutes—and that was excluding at least four outtakes ("Overpowered By Funk", "Walk Evil Walk", "Midnight To Stevens" and "Long Time Jerk" did not make the cut on Jones' sequence). The rest of the band hated it and Joe Strummer championed to have the album remixed and edited into a more commercial product. Strummer's wishes eventually won and producer Glynn Johns was brought in to fix the album (note this is the third time this blog has covered an Album That Never Was that Glyn Johns was supposed to produce and/or clean-up, including The Beatles Get Back and The Who's Lifehouse!!).
That April, Strummer and Johns reviewed the material at Wessex Studios in London and remixed the songs to emphasize its guitar elements and begin whittling the songs down to their basic necessity, eliminating their unneeded near raga-lengths. "Know Your Rights", "Red Angel Dragnet", "Ghetto Defendant", "Sean Flynn" and "Inoculated City" all lost approximately two minutes each. The songs earmarked as singles, "Should I Stay Or Should I Go" and "Rock The Casbah" (the later actually referencing the raga-lengths of the Rat Patrol songs), were treated to new vocal tracks. Four songs, "The Fulham Connection", "First Night Back In London", "Cool Confusion" and "Idle In Kangaroo Court W1", were dropped entirely, while "Overpowered By Funk" was curiously added back into the running order. Despite Mick Jones and allegations that his art had been tampered with, the album was appropriately retitled to Combat Rock and CBS Records had their more commercial, single-disc album, rush-released that May.
Even though the more concise album was commercially successful—both "Should I Stay or Should I Go" and "Rock The Casbah" became hits—the cracks in The Clash were too deep to be fixed. Topper was removed from the band due to his excessive heroin addiction in May, the month Combat Rock was released; Mick was fired from the band the following year. Both Jones and Headon went on to form Big Audio Dynamite, who was more reminiscent of the world-beat hybrid found on Rat Patrol, while Strummer and Simonon continued the Clash and recorded their final album ironically titled Cut The Crap (which was later disavowed by all band members). But luckily through bootlegs and an assortment of bonus tracks and compilations, we are able to reconstruct what this less-commercial and raga-like Combat Rock would have been—what turned out to be The Clash's unreleased swansong.
The overall primary concern for this Rat Patrol is sound quality. While Mick Jones' original mix of the album is available on bootlegs, they are usually sourced from a highly generated cassette; because of this, I occasionally chose to use the Combat Rock versions of some tracks rather than the bootlegged Mick Jones mixes for the sake of a pleasurable listening experience. Luckily, fairly pristine versions of Jones' mixes of "Rock The Casbah", "Straight To Hell" and "Should I Stay or Should I Go" can be found on bootlegs, an alternate source than the muffled cassettes. Likewise, the long Mick Jones mixes of "Ghetto Defendant" and "Sean Flynn" are found on the Sound System boxset. The remaining tracks are sourced from a needledrop vinyl rip of Combat Rock by kel bazaar, which is the most pristine and dynamic version of the album I've heard. We will also use the actual tracklist from Mick Jones's master, which omits "Overpowered by Funk" and "Walk Evil Walk".
Side A begins with Mick Jones' original mix of "Straight To Hell" taken from the bootleg Rat Patrol from Fort Bragg on Redline Records. It sounded a bit crusty so I personally re-EQd it to match the EQ parameters found on the vinyl rip of Combat Rock used elsewhere on this reconstruction. Following is the shorter Glyn Johns mix of "Know Your Rights" from the vinyl rip of Combat Rock. Mick's very different original mix of "Rock The Casbah" is next, taken from the bootleg Another Combat Rock, again re-EQed to match the parameters of the album version. The side concludes with "Red Angel Dragnet" from the vinyl rip of Combat Rock, again choosing the shorter album version; note if we had used the longer mixes, side A would have been ridiculously longer than the other sides anyways! Side B opens with Mick's mix of "Should I Stay or Should I Go" taken from Another Combat Rock, again reEQd to match the album version. Closing disc one is Mick's long mixes of "Ghetto Defendant" and "Sean Flynn", taken from the Sound System box set.
Side C begins with "Car Jamming" from Combat Rock, being that the Johns and Jones mixes were fairly similar. "The Fulham Connection", also known and released as "The Beautiful People Are Ugly Too", is taken from the Sound System box set. Next is "Atom Tan" from Combat Rock (again not too different from its original mix) followed by "First Night Back in London" from the Sound System box set. Side C starts with the unedited Combat Rock version of "Inoculated City" which features the original '2000 Flushes' sample, albeit not the long Mick's version. Next is "Death is a Star", again from Combat Rock. "Cool Confusion" from the box set follows, with the album finishing on the goony "Idle in Kangaroo Court W1" also known and bootlegged as "Kill Time".
The final aspect is the cover image chosen myself, the famed photograph of the execution of Nguyễn Văn Lém in 1968. While it may be either clichéd or insensitive by 2014 standards, this photograph would have been controversial in 1982 and I felt that it accurately communicated the lyrical references to the Vietnam War and the notion of "urban warfare" contained in Rat Patrol From Fort Bragg.
Another Combat Rock (CD Bootleg, 2003 Darkside Records)
Combat Rock (1981 Dutch vinyl pressing, kel bazaar rip)
Rat Patrol From Fort Bragg (CD bootleg, 2003 Redline Records)
Sound System (2014 CD box set)
flac --> wav --> editing in SONAR, Goldwave and Audacity --> flac encoding via TLH lv8
*md5, artwork and tracknotes included
Posted by soniclovenoize at 6:41 PM
Labels: 1982, clash, punk, rock
sydfloyd October 16, 2014 at 4:05 AM
Thanks for this one SLN, it will make a useful 'hi-fi' alternative to my own completely bootleg-derived version. One thing though, I'm surprised you didn't use the 'Clash On Broadway' version of 'Straight to Hell' as that is the full-length version in primo sound quality. I will probably substitute this track before I burn to disc to be honest. I'm afraid I won't be using your cover either, which is rather too disturbing for my delicate sensibilities!
By contrast, my own latest project has been 'Works' by Yes, which compiles tracks from the five 'solo' LPs the band issued in 1975/76. I constructed six roughly 20 minute 'suites' utilizing all the tracks from these albums that I felt were good enough / 'Yes-like' enough for inclusion. The result is something rather more satisfying than listening to the original albums in their entirety (besides 'Olias', which is excellent). The title is - of course - inspired by ELP's similar collection of mostly 'solo' works and I've even created a parody of the 'Works Volume 1' sleeve, substituting the names Anderson, Howe, Squire, Moraz & White and the Yes logo for the ELP names and logo! The tracklist, if anyone gives a hoot, is as follows:
a) Ocean Song - 3:05
b) Impressions (The Dream) - 2:49
c) Spring Song of Innocence - 5:02
d) Avakak - 6:55
a) Hold Out Your Hand – 4:13
b) Solid Space – 5:21
c) The Nature of the Sea – 3:57
d) To The Runner – 4:29
a) Impact > Warmer Hands > The Storm 7:54
b) Moon Ra / Chords / Song of Search – 12:48
a) Beginnings - 7:31
b) Silently Falling – 11:27
a) Qoquaq Ën Transic / Naon / Transic Tö – 7:08
b) Marching Into a Bottle - 2:00
c) Break Away From It All – 4:19
d) Symphony in the Space - 2:56
a) Doors of Sleep – 4:08
b) Safe (Canon Song) – 14:56
c) Ram - 1:54
The songs on each side are carefully selected to enable sympathetic cross-fading and to then create the feeling of a series of suites. I highly recommend all Yes fans have a go at compiling their own version of this, it was hugely satisfying for me.
soniclovenoize October 16, 2014 at 8:24 AM
I believe that the bootleg that I took Straight To Hell from actually took theirs from The Clash On Broadway, so it's the same!
Also, I stand by my choice for the cover, I really felt it set the tone for this album. But because I am a people-pleaser, here is a quick alternate cover art I made that one could use instead:
http://tinypic.com/r/23v0x11/8
But it is of interest that my research has led me to believe the actual original cover art of Rat Patrol was designed by Futura 2000, and an extreme close-up of it's detail is featured as the back cover of Combat Rock. The orignal full-sized painting can be found in a book of his art titled "Futura". Unfortunately, I was not able to locate a copy of the book so if anyone has access to that orignal artwork--or can confirm this in general--then feel free to post it!
LouiePlaysDrums December 4, 2014 at 11:46 AM
Sydfloyd, would you be so kind as to upload and post a link to your Yes Works album. I would definitely appreciate it.
NaturalE October 16, 2014 at 5:16 AM
Another great job sound and selection-wise, but I agree with the previous commenter about the cover.
Match of Jericho August 19, 2016 at 6:13 PM
I disagree with cover criticism. Look at Give em Enough Rope. This is the Clash, not the bloody Teletubbies.
The Reconstructor October 16, 2014 at 5:48 AM
Other Sugestions:
- The Small Faces - 1862
- Van Morrison - Mechanical Bliss
- The Who - Naked Eye
- The Pretty Things - Phillipe DeBarge
- Yes - Works
Oh,and:
Iggy and the Stooges - 4th Album
Derek And The Dominoes - 2nd Album
Steely Dan - The Last Gaucho
Tristero March 4, 2015 at 10:48 AM
I'd love to hear sonic's take on a final Small Faces album!
The Phillipe DeBarge album did finally get released at one point.
rael74 October 16, 2014 at 9:38 AM
Hey SydFloyd,
Could you somehow post a link to your Yes Works album on here? I don't have a copy of Ramshakled.
With regards to the Clash mix, it was ok, but I felt it fizzled out towards the end. Not a dramatic departure from Combat Rock really. The album I've been playing a lot of late is Soniclovenoize's Lifehouse. Now this really IS a departure from Who's Next and in many ways a much better album.
Blumen October 16, 2014 at 2:37 PM
Thank you and thanks for the alternative cover as well.
I appreciate your hard work. Even if I don't care for the band/artist, I always enjoy seeing what you've done.
Hey soniclovenoize!Really cool pick on that one!I made my own mix keeping the "comerciality" of Combat Rock and using it's mixes,it goes like this:
1.The Fullham Connection
2.Kill Time
3.Should I Stay Or Should I Go?
4.Rock The Casbah
5.Know Your Rights
1.Red Angel Dragnet
2.Ghetto Defendant
3.Midnight To Stevens
4.Hell W10
5.Car Jamming
1.Innoculated City
2.Death Is A Star
3.Sean Flynn
4.Atom Tan
5.Overpowered By Funk
1.Long Time Jerk
2.First Night Back In London
3.Radio Clash
4.Cool Confusion
5.Straight To Hell
Narrow Dog October 17, 2014 at 11:31 AM
Remember seeing this guy shot on TV, the army guy ended up owning a bar or restaurant in America.
Kwork October 17, 2014 at 1:32 PM
Thank you very much. This will be interesting. I always enjoy your reconstructions, and the thoughts behind them. By the way, it's Kel Bazar, not Bazaar for the vinyl rip.
PhilBob-SquareHead October 17, 2014 at 9:22 PM
I feel the ones objecting to your artwork have no grasp of Punk Rock.
. October 18, 2014 at 6:36 PM
I think we're all past being shocked by the punk ethos, aren't we? Maybe back then, this cover would have had a Dead Kennedy's-type value to it, but in this context it just looks all wrong. It could have been worse - you might have used the napalmed little girl - but whatever political resonance this image had (the only excuse for its use) has been exhausted.
xopher.tm October 19, 2014 at 11:25 AM
Fascinating blog here. Just found you courtesy of Gyro at TwilightZone. Looking forward to seeing what you come up with. Thanks for all your hard work, and special thanks for offering both Flac and HQ mp3 options.
-Xtm
BlogBoy October 19, 2014 at 9:15 PM
New favorite.
R.E.M - any unreleased album made from demos? / unreleased tracks?
Iggy and the Stooges 4th Album?
xopher.tm October 20, 2014 at 6:26 PM
Oh yeah, a Stooges 4th would be fantastic.
AEC October 20, 2014 at 6:56 PM
Good recreation as usual. Another future project you might want to consider is Robert Fripp's planned trilogy of his "Exposure" album along with Daryl Hall's "Sacred Songs" and Peter Gabriel's second album (aka Scratch)
BlogBoy October 21, 2014 at 8:04 AM
What about an upgrade and best sounding version of The Man Who Stepped Into Yesterday by Phish?
The cover art doesn't bother me. It's punk. It's Straight to Hell.
davidwolfsonnc October 23, 2014 at 9:10 AM
great comp of "lost" clash album; like the fact that it followed Mick Jones's tracklist. as to Combat Rock being seminal . . . not so much; London Calling, yes, but Combat Rock was more of a last gasp
rap October 24, 2014 at 8:29 PM
Electric Ladyland = album
Electric Lady = studio
this looks like it should be great. your WOIIFTM is the best version I've ever heard, btw.
The Reconstructor October 26, 2014 at 11:06 AM
Hey, soniclovenoize, what about the real Cream "Goodbye" album, with the same format as Wheels Of Fire. Those are the tracks I chose for the studio disc:
1.Never Tell Your Mother She's Out of Tune
3.What a Bringdown
4.Presence Of The Lord
5.Doing That Scrapyard Thing
1.Badge
2.Rope Ladder to the Moon
3.Tickets to Water Falls
4.The Ministry Of Rag
And for the live one:
1.Deserted Cities of the Heart
3.N.S.U.
4.Tales of Brave Ulysses
1.I'm So Glad
2.Sleepy Time Time
3.Politician
Cool idea. I would have included "The Clearout" here, since Cream actually attempted that song at one point and I think it would have been a natural for them.
BlogBoy October 30, 2014 at 10:14 AM
what if you made an alternate history of Soundgarden (Where they made one more album before breaking up in 1998 - thus retconning "King Animal" - here's my tracklist:
Soundgarden – Album after 1997
1. Black Rain
2. The Telephantasm
3. Night Surf
4. Kristi
5. Taree
6. Live to Rise
7. Twin Tower
8. Flutter Girl
9. Toy Box
10. Jerry Garcia's Finger
11. Birth Ritual
12. Rowing
Or make a version of the "4-Track" Demo
rz October 31, 2014 at 12:15 PM
i second that stooges 4th suggestion. and thanks for all your work - appreciated.
Yusef Khalil October 31, 2014 at 6:41 PM
Guardpro Security November 5, 2014 at 4:35 AM
This is an intresting blog that you have posted, you shares a lot of things about Security Officers,Security Guards and Mobile Patrols.Which are very informative for us.Thanks
I'm also not a huge Clash fan, but I do occasionally like them. This reconstruction is probably the best Clash album as far as I'm concerned. Great job! I look forward to checking out more of your work!
Guy E September 18, 2018 at 4:08 AM
I just discovered your site. You do outstanding work, Mr. Soniclovenoize!
I rejigged Combat Rock on cassette back in the day, then Minidisk and eventually on CDR. I never felt that the album-plus-singles-and-b-sides hung together until I got The Beautiful People and Kill Time; those two put things right. I think the album could have worked as a four-sided beast, but I understand the band's lack of support for Mick's work-in-progress Rat Patrol. It needed one more killer track; an extended mix of Radio Clash. I finally admitted that Long Time Jerk wasn't much fun and my current double-LP version goes like this:
RADIO CLASH > OUTSIDE BROADCAST 13:05
FIRST NIGHT BACK IN LONDON 2:58
KNOW YOUR RIGHTS 3:37
CAR JAMMING 3:55
ATOM TAN 2:23
INOCULATED CITY 2:40
COOL CONFUSION 3:14
STRAIGHT TO HELL 6:56
THE BEAUTIFUL PEOPLE ARE UGLY 3:43
KILL TIME 4:56
SHOULD I STAY OR SHOULD I GO? 3:09
ROCK THE CASBAH > MUSTAFA DANCE 8:10
RED ANGEL DRAGNET 3:44
GHETTO DEFENDANT 6:13
SEAN FLYNN 7:21
DEATH IS A STAR 3:07
Ian March 29, 2019 at 12:43 PM
Brilliant job on this. Came across this post after unearthing the dub reggae version of "Red Angel Dragnet" featuring Ranking Roger (R.I.P.) and going down the rabbit hole of trying to confirm whether or not it was on the Rat Patrol From Fort Bragg album.
atters May 9, 2019 at 9:40 PM
Have returned to this post a few times over the years, and again, the passing of Ranking Roger brought me back again. A question i've always had but never asked is what is the source for this being the original Mick Jones running order? You mention the Mick Jones master but i've not been able to find this info elsewhere. Are you able to shed some light on this? Thanks, Christian
soniclovenoize May 17, 2019 at 6:47 AM
A specific poster on the SH forums has heard and seen Mick's original master.
RC September 4, 2020 at 6:40 AM
Hmm, do you think an Out of Control (Cut the Crap) fixed version would be possible or do you think it's not possible yet with the current Demos/Live recordings for that album?
L'Angelo Misterioso December 8, 2020 at 12:09 PM
As a Clash fan, it would be interesting to see you sequence a 101ers studio album (maybe with the live recordings of 'Lonely Mother's Son' and 'Keep Taking the Tablets') - as those compiling the original Elgin Av. album didn't have access to certain tracks.
soniclovenoize February 23, 2021 at 9:47 AM
empty3
https://mega.nz/file/31ZkUKiD#O0xED9V8bFEGPANCjdDaSRg8radC0kV6s94igEzXKeo
listless flak
https://mega.nz/file/btIQCIRI#Nwu1i5Mm0a6oHwc6iYiz9l4PZnfiamo9naZnr8dajhk
both links are broken :(
GFijj March 28, 2021 at 10:55 AM
Is it known what Mick's intended track listing was for the album? If so, what is it?
atters April 17, 2021 at 9:41 PM
I asked a similar question a couple of years ago, this response is above:
"soniclovenoizeMay 17, 2019 at 6:47 AM
A specific poster on the SH forums has heard and seen Mick's original master."
blureu May 18, 2021 at 2:14 PM
Anyone have £5,000-£10,000 to spare?
https://bid.omegaauctions.co.uk/auction/lot/344-the-clash---rat-patrol-from-fort-brag-acetate-lp-the-original-combat-rock/?lot=8523&fbclid=IwAR1IpzdEirjCmKCdtiVFw_ujMw9fyRr9MeapPij_xCa6qtxlD7pZ4PUZPlQ
atters May 19, 2021 at 2:35 PM
atters May 20, 2021 at 4:20 AM
This is really interesting.
Dated January 24 1982, before the commonly understood timeframe for trimming the album.
It's basically the version here but without tracks 6, 7, 14, 15. Basically squeezing it onto a single by keeping the same track list but dropping the last two tracks from each (new) side.
The audio isn't pristine by a long shot, but provides much more listenable versions of the full length Know Your Rights and Dragnet which have a horrible hum on the bootlegs.
Bonita October 30, 2021 at 2:23 PM
How do I listen to this?
OP posted links to mega a few comments up in the thread but they're both broken, we'll just have to hope he sees and is able to reupload soon :(
The Filme Diary April 17, 2022 at 11:49 PM
Is this version of Straight to Hell the same as this one?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbA0FObZnFQ
TheRobster May 19, 2022 at 1:15 PM
Is there any chance of a re-up? All links are dead. Would really appreciate it. Thanks...
tstrapac May 20, 2022 at 12:17 PM
re-upload:
https://file.io/WWD13rF5fZmp
MalwareBytes blocked it on my end as a phishing site.
Sonic, could we please get a re-up?
TheRobster May 23, 2022 at 11:34 AM
Same here. Blocked by Malwarebytes.
Frank Moriarty June 15, 2022 at 12:57 PM
davidyiken July 13, 2022 at 9:36 AM
I agree with the others, I'd love a re-up of the FLAC files.
Monty January 7, 2023 at 4:45 PM
Could you please re-up this? Thanks!
soniclovenoize
▼ Oct (2)
Jimi Hendrix - First Rays of the New Rising Sun (u...
CSNY
flo and eddie
frances the mute
Jeff Lynne
lifehouse
mars volta


text:
Home » Announcement » Brunei Darussalam Government Scholarships
Brunei Darussalam Government Scholarships
admin February 3, 2010 Brunei Darussalam Government Scholarships2010-02-03T18:56:01-05:00 Announcement No Comment
With His Majesty's consent, the Government of Brunei Darussalam is offering annual scholarships under a special scholarship award scheme, commencing in academic session.
Tenable in Brunei Darussalam, the aim of the Scholarship awards is to provide students, with the opportunity to study at Universiti Brunei Darussalam [UBD], Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali [UNISSA] and Institut Teknologi Brunei [ITB].
Applicants must be citizens of ASEAN, OIC, Commonwealth Member Countries and others and must be between the ages of 18 – 25 at the commencement of the academic session for which they are applying for admission. However, under exceptional case, the age limit requirement may be waived for candidates who are applying for Masters and PhD Programmes.
The awards are NOT eligible to Brunei Permanent Residents and foreigners residing in Brunei Darussalam for more than three months.
TENURE OF SCHOLARSHIP
The Scholarship award is normally tenable according to the duration of the specific programme which is four years for an Honours First Degree or one to two years for a Master's Degree or three years for a Doctoral programme at UBD, UNISSA and ITB, two and a half years for HND at ITB on full-time basis.
The Scholarship award is subject to the scholar maintaining satisfactory conduct and satisfactory progress in the scholar`s studies (this requires the scholar to maintain an active registration status by passing the prescribed semester examinations and obtaining the minimum course credit units).
ADMISSION TO UNIVERSITI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Applicants must satisfy the general entry requirements and specific entry requirements as set for each programme.
Applicants must also note that fulfilling the general entry requirements and specific entry requirements does not guarantee entry into UBD's programmes as admission to all programme is competitive and limited subject to availability of space.
Entry Requirements for Ph. D. Programmes.
General Entry Requirements.
The minimum requirement for Ph.D Programmes is normally a relevant Master's Degree or an Upper Second Class Bachelor's Degree with Honours or its equivalent from institutions recognized by the University Senate. Applicants are also required to submit a detailed research
proposal which is normally expected to include the following topics: proposed title; rationale; aims and methodology; literature review; preliminary bibliography; provisional timetable; provisional table of contents; and an indication of any special requirements for the study. The duration of a Ph. D. programme is normally 3 to 5 years full-time.
Entry Requirements for Master Degree Programmes
The minimum requirement for Master Degree Programmes is normally a relevant Bachelor's Degree with Honours (Second Class and above) or its equivalent from institutions recognised by the University Senate unless otherwise stated.
Applicants who do not posses a Second Class Honours Degree may be considered, provided they have relevant working experience and passes other academic or professional qualifications deemed suitable and equivalent for the purpose of admission to the programme.
For entry to English medium masters degree programme, applicants must be able to show English Language Proficiency and those who do not have an English medium undergraduate degree qualification must have at least a credit 6 in English Language at GCE 'O' Level Examination or a grade 'C' in IGCSE English (as a Second Language) or an IELTS score of 6.0 or TOEFL minimum overall score of at least 550. Please take note that
other specific entry requirements will be provided under the separate programmes.
Specific Entry Requirements :
To enroll in a Master of Business Administration (MBA) by Coursework, applicants must also have minimum 3 years relevant managerial working experience.
To enroll in a Master of Public Health, First degree in medicine (MBBS or MD) or other healthcare-related fields such as first degree in Nursing, Nutrition and other Allied Health Sciences (consideration may also be given to cadidates with public health field experience and relevant professional qualifications on a case to case basis).
Master of Teaching programme requires an IELTS score of 6.5 OR TOEFL minimum overall score of at least 600 OR completion of an English medium undergraduate degree.
For Secondary and Vocational and Technical Education streams, the applicant's undergraduate studies must be relevant to the choice of subject specialisation(s).
For the Primary and Early Childhood Education streams, the applicant's undergratuate studies must be relevant to the Primary Education curriculum.
ADMISSION TO UNIVERSITI ISLAM SULTAN SHARIF ALI
Entry requirements for Ph. D programmes
Applicants must have obtained relevant Master's degree from institusions recognized by the University Senate.
Applicants who obtained the relevant First Degree with First Class Honours may be considered.
Entry Requirements for Master Degree programmes.
Applicants must have obtained a First Degree with at least a Second Class Honour or 'Jayyid' in the relevant discipline; or have a First Degree in the relevant discipline and had not less than three (3) years working experience in related fields.
Applicant applying for admission to Arabic-medium degree programmes may be required to sit and pass an Arabic Language Test.
Applicant applying for admission to English-medium degree programmes should also obtained at least a credit 6 in English Language at IGCSE or an IELTS score of 6.0 or TOEFL minimum overall score of 550.
The Masters programmes by Coursework and Coursework and Dissertation will only be offered if there are at least five (5) candidates registered for each of the programmes.
Interest applicants for Master programmes by Research only are abvised to consult the Admission Office of UNISSA before making formal application.
ADMISSION TO INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BRUNEI
Entry Requirements for First Degree programmes.
At least Credit Passes in five GCE Ordinary Level subjects which must include Mathematics, and at least three GCE Advanced Level passes all at grade C or better or equivalent qualifications relevant to degree programme applied (obtained within the last two years),
At least a Credit in English Language at GCE Ordinary Level examination or an average score of 6.5 and above in the British Council IELTS obtained within the last two years or TEOFL minimum overall score 550 or its equivalent.
Application forms can be obtained from the Brunei Darussalam Diplomatic Missions and representatives of Brunei Darussalam or from the following address:
Technical Assistance Department
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Bandar Seri Begawan BD2710
Tel/Fax No.: (6732) 381412
website : www.mfa.gov.bn
Email : tad.scholarship@mfa.gov.bn
The application form must be duly completed and endorsed by the relevant authorities of the applicants country. Eg. Ministry of Foreign Affaris or the relevant agency responsible for the Negara Brunei Darussalam Scholarship in your country.
Additional information with regards to the programmes offered should be referred to the institutions concerned through the following address:
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Click here to download Scholarship Application Form
Click here to download Brunei Darussalam Government Scholarships to Foreign Students.
Click here to download Appendix A – List of Programmes
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For more information: http://www.mfa.gov.bn/scholarship/index.htm
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The Asia Leadership Fellow Program (ALFP), Japan
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Motocross Corner Speed Control - Cornering Skills for Vets DVD #1.
Veteran Riders – Motocross Skills for Vets DVD #1 – How To Improve Corner Speed and Control with Gary Semics.
Learn how to make your corners faster, smoother, in control and safer with Gary's time tested and proven practice methods. The reality is, we're "over the hill" as they say. Sure we can never be as fast as we were but we can still have fun, be safe and still be pretty darn fast.
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Motocross Skills for Vets #2 - Jumping Motocross Techniques and Training DVDs Everything Value Pack!


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Press Releases & TDC News
Firecracker Pageant marks 40 years
Published: June 12th, 2018, 4:21 pm
Jacqueline Bostick, Washington County News
Laura Brewer never watches the fireworks at Firecracker Day - Vernon's Independence Day event.
"I watch the kids, the older folks - they love it, the expressions on their faces," said Brewer, the Firecracker Pageant's director. "I don't ever watch the fireworks."
For nearly four decades, Brewer has organized the pageant -which has served as a fundraising machine behind a number of Vernon's community events.
This year marks the 40th anniversary of the pageant.
The pageant will be held June 16 at 4 p.m. at the Vernon Community Center, 2808 Yellow acket Drive. Registration for the pageant is still open. Fees for registration are $50 before June 14, $60 at the door and $10 extra to enter into the photogenic category. A $10 discount is applied for sibling registration.
The beauty pageant has historically provided financial support to the Vernon community, from small and intimate events, such as, helping build ramps for people in wheelchairs and making donations to a family whose home burned down to large events, such as, Dixie youth sports tournaments.
"It has paid for a little bit of everything," Brewer said.
For more than a decade, the beauty pageant has strictly supported Firecracker Day, funding about half of the cost. In times past, Brewer said, the pageant had covered all of the costs.
"We had 150 girls entering in those times," Brewer said, recalling those most bountiful Spectators would come from near and far to experience the entry-level pageant.
However, with the discontinuance of the talent portion, support for the pageant has since dwindled, along with the number of entries. Brewer said she expects about 50 registrants.
"I would love to see it come back, but until the community comes together to help, I can't get it back up," she said.
Still, this year, the event is sure to bring the family-fun it has delivered over the past four decades. And, despite the hard times, Brewer looks for the spark in the eyes of the kids and elderly - and plans for another year.
"It feels like I've always done it; it's my thing - it's my passion," Brewer said. "I wanted to quit," she chuckled. "But now that I'm retired, it's giving me something to do."
"And the more I think about it," she concluded, "the more I can't imagine not doing it."
To register for the pageant, contact Vernon City Hall at 850-535-2444 or Laura Brewer, 850-326-8738.


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Shaylyn Maybury #4·D
Timeline G A PTS SOG SOG % PPG PPA SH SHA PEN PIM FOW FOL TO HIT BS + / - MVP GW FG for 2014 Pool Play
04/02/2014 L 1-2 at Princeton 1 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
04/03/2014 W 4-3 Wyoming 1 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
04/04/2014 L 0-9 at Chazy 1 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Pool Play Totals 3 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
2014 Totals 3 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00


In this blog (Fotbollsgnäll) posts are mixed in both Swedish and English. The posts in English are, at the moment, categorised as follows.
Betting – Betting picks and discussions.
Football – About football in general.
Players I remember – Stories about players in the past. Starting out with Kerry Dixon!
Analytics – Hopefully I will have time and energy to do some interesting analytical analysis about football and sports.
Other – Everything else in English.


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Permissibility of using average excavation depth to determine protective system requirements for the excavation.
1926.652(a)(1)(ii)
1926.652(a)(1)
1926.652(b)
1926.652(c)
OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. This letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. Note that our enforcement guidance may be affected by changes to OSHA rules. Also, from time to time we update our guidance in response to new information. To keep apprised of such developments, you can consult OSHA's website at https://www.osha.gov.
September 30, 2004 [Reviewed May 31, 2018]
Mr. Richard Johnston
Director of Loss
Hausmann Johnson Insurance
Re: 29 CFR 1926.652(a)(1)(ii); whether averaging excavation depth is permitted for determining whether the protective requirements of §1926.652 apply.
Dear Mr. Johnston:
This is in response to your letter dated July 16, 2004, to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). You requested that OSHA address how measurements should be made when establishing the depth of an excavation pursuant to §1926.652(a)(1)(ii).
We have paraphrased your question as follows:
Question: Scenario: Equally spaced measurements are taken along the area of the trench that employees will be in. Some parts of a trench are more than 5 feet deep, while other parts are less than 5 feet deep. The average of those measurements is less than 5 feet. Would that establish that cave-in protection under 1926.652(a)(1) is not required?
No. Section 29 CFR 1926.652(a)(1) states:
(a) Protection of employees in excavations. (1) Each employee in an excavation shall be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system designed in accordance with paragraph (b) or (c) of this section except when:
(ii) Excavations are less than 5 feet (1.52 m) in depth and examination of the ground by a competent person provides no indication of a potential cave-in.
In §1926.650, the standard defines "excavation" as:
any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth removal.
No minimum length was included in the definition. That is consistent with the fact that the danger of a cave-in an excavation 5 feet or more in depth does not significantly vary based on its length. Consequently, in a trench, at all points where the excavation is 5 feet or more (except in stable rock), cave-in protection is required.1 In a trench that varies above and below 5 feet along its length, there will be places in the trench where protective measures will be required and areas where they will not be required. The less than 5-foot average in your scenario for measurements taken at points along the excavation would not fall under the exemption of §1926.652(a)(1)(ii) because protective measures are required at each point where the excavation is 5 feet or deeper, or at each point less than 5 feet where there is evidence of a potential cave-in.
Thank you for your interest in occupational safety and health. We hope you find this information helpful. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards, and regulations. Our letters of interpretation do not create new or additional requirements but rather explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances. This letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. From time to time, letters are affected when the Agency updates a standard, a legal decision impacts a standard, or changes in technology affect the interpretation. To assure that you are using the correct information and guidance, please consult OSHA's website at https://www.osha.gov. If you have further questions, please feel free to contact the Directorate of Construction at (202) 693-2020.*
Russell B. Swanson, Director
Directorate of Construction
*[This letter has been modified (non-substantive changes) on May 31, 2018, and reflects current OSHA regulations and policies.]
1 Even in those areas of the trench that are less than 5 feet in depth, a protective system would be required, unless examination of the ground by a competent person did not reveal any indication of a potential cave-in. [ Back to Text ]


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Home / Feature / K Celeb / 'Running Man' in Quandary over Casting Controversy
'Running Man' in Quandary over Casting Controversy
Posted on December 16, 2016 by Korea Bizwire in K Celeb, K Wave, Lifestyle, Sports & Entertainment with 1 Comment
The controversy comes at a difficult time for the program, which despite mediocre ratings at home has generated an explosive response in China. (image: Yonhap)
SEOUL, Dec. 16 (Korea Bizwire) – "Running Man," a South Korean variety show enjoying pan-Asia popularity, hit a snag this week following revelations its producers failed to properly communicate their plans with the cast.
On Wednesday, SBS TV announced that Kang Ho-dong, a popular show host and former traditional Korean wrestling champion, would join the program in January after the departure of two original cast members — Song Ji-hyo and Kim Jong-kook.
Viewers initially reacted positively to the news due to the prospect of seeing top show host Yoo Jae-suk and Kang on the same program again. The two last worked together on the SBS variety show "X-Man" in 2007.
However, reports soon emerged that Song and Kim had not been informed of the decision in advance. Song's management agency reportedly found out about the actress's departure from media reports.
A day later, Kang reversed his decision to join the program, saying he doesn't want to cause discomfort to the show's fans. He made the announcement through his management agency without giving prior notice to SBS.
Hours later, the show's producers issued a statement apologizing to the cast members and viewers.
"The producers of 'Running Man' have been working on overhauling the program with the aim of launching the second season at the end of January," the statement read. "In the process, there were unexpected news reports about the overhaul, Kim Jong-kook and Song Ji-hyo before we were able to sufficiently talk with the 'Running Man' members.
"We have hurt Kim Jong-kook and Song Ji-hyo, who were like family to us over the past seven years, and for this, we deeply apologize."
The controversy comes at a difficult time for the program, which despite mediocre ratings at home has generated an explosive response in China. The game show involves teams of celebrities competing to win a race through various fun missions.
The Chinese version of the show called "Hurry Up Brothers" was so popular that in the second quarter of this year, its broadcaster Zhejiang dethroned Hunan TV to become the most watched Chinese TV channel for entertainment programs.
In the same period, the show also posted an average viewership rating of 3 percent, which was the highest for all entertainment programs in China.
In July, however, the Korean cultural industry took a hit from a political dispute between Seoul and Beijing. After Seoul and Washington announced plans to deploy an advanced U.S. anti-missile system in South Korea, China openly protested the move with what appeared to be retaliatory measures, including a ban on all Korean cultural content in the country.
The cast members of "Running Man" had to cancel a fan meeting tour that had been scheduled from September through November in several cities in China.
The Chinese government also introduced new broadcasting regulations in July under which TV networks can only air one season of a reality-variety show per year.
Zhejiang's plan to produce a fifth season of "Hurry Up Brothers" in the latter half of the year had to be put on the back burner until next year.
Kang Ho-dong
Kim Jong-kook
Song Ji-hyo
Conan O'Brien Sings on K-pop Track Yet to be Released
HHI Unionists to Launch Campaign against Chung Mong-joon's FIFA Bid
More Korean Women Live Alone, Think Less About Marriage
K-pop Cover Groups to Battle at World Festival
One thought on "'Running Man' in Quandary over Casting Controversy"
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This course describes the indications and contraindications, for performing or referring a patient for Apical Surgery. With the correct history, radiographic and clinical evaluation, the decision to perform an Apicoectomy will be weighed against further evaluation, a retreatment option, or extraction. Then a decision is more accurately made as to whether an implant or Fixed Bridge (Fixed Partial Prosthesis), a Removable Prosthesis (Fixed or Transitional Temporary Prosthesis), or doing nothing would be the final treatment plan offered to the patient. The specific workup (checklist) is frequently overlooked, leading to a less than ideal outcome. This course discusses and reviews options when a tooth is ailing or failing. We will describe in detail Periapical Surgery, its history and present state of the art with success rates and include a discussion on each of the following 6 topics within in the field of Implantology and Apicoectomies: Case selection Fiberoptics Magnification Ultrasonic Retropreparation Guided Tissue Regeneration Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) to determine when Apical Surgery is indicated and when it is contraindicated. For a limited time, this USA dentists can view and receive credits for this CE course at no charge due to sponsorship by i-Cat.
After graduating from New York University College of Dentistry in 1978, Dr. Pompa completed a General Practice Residency at Long Island Jewish Hospital, followed by specialty training in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Lincoln Hospital, New York Medical College. In 1982, he became a Fellow of The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and in 1992 a Fellow in The International Congress of Oral Implantologists. Dr. Pompa has been a guest lecturer at Columbia University College of Dental Medicine and New York University College of Dentistry and is now a guest faculty at NYU College of Dentistry and the University of Florida College of Dentistry. Dan has lectured extensively, including at the Academy of Osseointegration, the International Interdisciplinary Congress on Craniofacial and Skull Base Surgery, and has presented at the annual Greater New York Dental Meeting numerous times throughout the years. In November 2013, Dr. Pompa became a Seminar Series Speaker/Consultant for the American Dental Association. In 2015 Dr. Pompa became a Colgate Speaker. Dr. Pompa is an author, having published in such journals as the Journal of the American Dental Association and Dentistry Today, where he has also been listed as a "Leader in Continuing Education." In December 2013, he became an online author for the ADA with the course: "Apical Surgery: To Pull or Not to Pull." Recently, in the Winter 2014 Journal of NYSAGD, Dr. Pompa published "Update on Basic Physical Diagnosis," which summarizes many new innovations for a simple, chairside medical workup. Dan is also an inventor, having been issued a U.S. Patent for his innovative work in the field of Dental Implantology (U.S. Patent # 5,320,529). This patent was one of the first to introduce the concept and advantages of using Computer Guided Surgery for the placement of Implants.


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Home/Singapore/Kelly Marie Tran to join Star Wars: The Last Jedi celebrations in Singapore
MoviesSingaporeSingapore Events
Kelly Marie Tran to join Star Wars: The Last Jedi celebrations in Singapore
With Star Wars: The Last Jedi hitting cinemas in less than a month's time, Disney have announced that Kelly Marie Tran, who plays Rose Tico in the upcoming movie, will be in Singapore as part of events to celebrate, starting from today, Nov 17.
Marina Bay Sands Festive Light-Up – Star Wars: The Last Jedi Edition
Star Wars: The Last Jedi star Kelly Marie Tran (Rose Tico) will be part of the launch festivities as Marina Bay Sands adapts its nightly light and water show, Spectra, for a special The Last Jedi-themed performance. She will join MBS President and CEO George Tanasijevich when the light show debuts on Nov 25 at 8pm. (Same day advance ticket sales start!)
Like previous Spectra shows, it'll combine lasers, light, and water movements – except now it'll have visuals from the upcoming sequel.
The event starts at 8pm, but the show itself will start at 8.30pm. But you don't want to be late – space will definitely be at a premium. It's open to = members of the public. There might also be security checks, so be prepared.
If you miss the first show, you can also catch it on Dec 15 at 8.30pm, the day after the movie premieres in Singapore.
Galactic Revolution at Frasers Centrepoint Malls
Frasers Centrepoint Malls island-wide will be decked in Star Wars: The Last Jedi themed decorations, with The Centrepoint hoping to win Best Dressed Building on Orchard Road again.
If you agree, you can vote for The Centrepoint at the Christmas on a Great Street website www.orchardroad.org/christmas from Nov 17 through to Dec 3 2017.
If you've noticed, decor is already up in many malls, such as Eastpoint Mall.
Advance Ticket Sales
And get your trigger finger reader – Advance ticket sales for Star Wars: The Last Jedi, will kick off in Singapore on Saturday, Nov 25 at 8.30pm. Which means if you're watching the laser show … you might miss out on the best seats? Fans will be able to purchase the tickets on TheLastJedi.Asia.
Star Wars: The Last Jedi opens in Singapore on 14th December 2017.
Fraser Centrepoint Kelly Marie Tran Marina Bay Sands Star Wars Star Wars: The Last Jedi The Last Jedi
Special Correspondent for HereBeGeeks.com.
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PlayStation 4 Pro Monster Hunter console coming to Singapore
RED: Reviewgitation, Extremely Dastardly
Star Wars: It's All About The People
Win a trip to NYCC thanks to Warner TV
Sporecon 2011: Warmachine and Hordes Roundup
Super 8: The Movie Review


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There is no public interest in having unnecessary duplication of Investigations or Inquiries
Written by Katie Gollop QC
R (on the application of Secretary of State for Transport) (Claimant) v HM Senior Coroner for Norfolk (Defendant) & British Airline Pilots Association (Intervener) [2016] EWHC 2279 (Admin)
Readers of the UK Inquest Law Blog need no reminding that prior to the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, coroners had no power to order disclosure of any document so that if disclosure was required, an application had to be made to the High Court. The immediate point for the Divisional Court to decide in this case was the correct interpretation of the powers of coroners to require a person to produce documents (paragraph 2 of Schedule 5 of the 2009 Act).
The involvement of the Lord Chief Justice indicates that there is a point of general importance.
The Disclosure Issue
The inquest was into the deaths of four men in a helicopter accident in March 2014. In October 2015 a report into the accident was produced by the Air Accidents Investigation Branch ("the AAIB") which is part of the Department of Transport and inquests were heard in January 2016.
In the weeks running up to the inquest, the coroner issued a number of notices requiring the AAIB and its Chief Inspector to disclose to her the cockpit voice and flight data recorder and/or a transcript of the recording. Disclosure was not made and the coroner twice fined the Chief Inspector £100 for non-compliance with the notices.
The legislative scheme underpinning the AAIB is complicated, will concern Brexiteers in years to come and is not the point of this post. Suffice it to say that it runs gamut of black letter law from treaty obligations under the Convention on International Civil Aviation (the 1944 Chicago Convention), the Civil Aviation Act 1982, the Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accident and Incidents) Regulations 1996 (SI 1996 No 2798) and, importantly, Regulation (EU) No. 996/2010 on the investigation and prevention of accidents and incidents in civil aviation.
The Court found that the legal effect of the EU Regulation and the 1996 Regulations was that the coroner had no power to make the disclosure orders she purported to make. That clear legal position was not altered by the 2009 Act because the general words of Schedule 5 do not override the specific legislation governing the investigation of air accidents and incidents. It would be surprising, said Singh J, if Parliament had intended to effect a radical alteration to the law in this area, so as to confer that important jurisdiction on what he described as "a relatively lower judicial office".
The Point of General Public Importance
Paragraph 49 of Singh J's decision begins:
"Finally, in my view, it is important to emphasise that there is no public interest in having unnecessary duplication of investigations or inquiries."
This is the point of general importance giving rise to the Lord Chief Justice's involvement. His decision runs to four paragraphs the first of which states:
"I consider it important to underline the significance of paragraph 49 of the judgment of Singh J in the light of the submission made to us on behalf of the coroner that she had a duty to conduct a full inquiry into the accident as a death had occurred during the accident. The submission reflected the tendency in recent years for different independent bodies, which have overlapping jurisdictions to investigate accidents or other matters, to investigate, either successively or at the same time, the same matter. On occasions each body considers that it should itself investigate the entirety of the matter rather than rely on the conclusion of the body with the greatest expertise in a particular area within the matter being investigated. The result can be that very significant sums of money and other precious resources are expended unnecessarily."
He went on to say that the case being decided provided "an illustration of what in many cases will be the better approach".
Unless there is credible evidence that the independent investigation is "incomplete, flawed or deficient", the better approach is (paragraphs 56 and 57) for a coroner:
1. Not to investigate the matter de novo.
2. Either to adjourn the inquest pending publication of the independent report or alternatively (and in the case of the AAIB there is a memorandum of understanding between the Coroners Society and the AAIB) to proceed on the assumption that the reasons for the accident or incident will be determined by the report and treated as outside the scope of the inquest.
3. To treat the findings and conclusions of the independent body as "the evidence as to the cause of the accident" supplemented, if necessary by, short additional evidence from the inspector.
It is clear that the Lord Chief did not intend his remarks to limited to inquests into air accident deaths. Rather, his expectation is that they will be heeded and considered in situations where there are "different independent bodies" investigating and where only one of them will be "the body with the greatest expertise".
The word "independent" is key.
Some deaths will give rise to a formal, institutional investigation by a body that is not independent. One thinks immediately of a Serious Untoward Incident report commissioned by a hospital, CCG or NHS Trust which yields a report. The body seeking the report is unlikely to be either independent or the body with the greatest expertise. And ensuring that the investigation is led by someone external to the institution where the incident took place is unlikely to make the report itself an independent source of evidence. Such a report will not have special, determinative status in regard to the cause of the incident or accident.
On the other hand, police reports into road fatalities and reports produced by the Prisons and Probation Ombudsman, the Rail Accident Investigation Branch and the Independent Police Complaints Commission are all likely to be regarded as independent. Treating the findings and conclusions of such bodies as "evidence as to the cause of the accident" ought to shorten some inquests and reduce the number of issues to be decided.
Ousting the status of the report as the sole or best source of evidence as to cause will depend on showing that it is incomplete, flawed or deficient. An interested party seeking to so persuade a coroner will need to provide credible evidence of or otherwise point convincingly to a defect or lacuna in the investigation process or the report's reasoning.


While some may eat mindlessly to no benefit while glued to the couch, overeating on the trail on a rigorous backpacking trip is hard to do. But the proper variety and quantity of food for the trail is a critical part of any good preparation for a trip into the backcountry. How you prepare for food consumption on a wilderness adventure is as important as your selection of our rental sleeping gear, shelter and packs. Pack too little, and you might starting bonking out before your trip is done; pack too much and at the end of trip you'll find you carried dead weight for 50 miles for no good reason at all.


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The Many Faces of Tatiana Maslany: A Guide to the Clones of Orphan Black's Project Leda
By Matthew Ismael Ruiz
Orphan Black follows the saga of two experimental cloning projects, named after characters of Greek myth: Project Leda and Project Castor. The clones of Project Castor (Ari Millen) have been raised mostly as military operatives, while those in Project Leda are surreptitiously monitored for reasons that remain unclear. But in reality, Orphan Black is about Tatiana Maslany. The 30-year-old Canadian actress plays almost a dozen different characters from Project Leda on the series, often performing entire scenes with multiple versions of herself — dizzying to watch, and even more so, we imagine, to play. Maslany's performance is electrifying, and the real reason to watch the show. It's easy to suspend your disbelief when she so convincingly occupies each role.
The plot of Orphan Black is convoluted and confusing, with seemingly infinite tangents and a long list of characters. But at its core are the stories of the female clones, which Maslany plays with a chilling efficacy. With Season 4 of Orphan Black set to premiere tonight on BBC America, we thought we'd take a look at the different characters Maslany plays, and try to make sense of what is one of the most ambitious — and confusing — shows on television. [WARNING: SPOILERS AHEAD. But believe us when we say it won't matter.]
Sarah Manning – Our lead protagonist, Sarah Manning is the first of the clones that we meet. She's reactive, hot-tempered, tough, and crass. She digs leather, combat boots, and the Clash. She's also got some dirt in her past. In the first episode of Season 1, she's on the run because she stole a kilo of cocaine from her boyfriend.
But Sarah also has a soft spot, her daughter, Kira. Of all the Project Leda clones, Sarah is the only one that is fertile, and Kira is the personification of that "miracle." Kira is remarkable intuitive, heals quickly, and her blood has some healing properties for the Leda clones. While the clones have all agreed to help each other, Sarah's main motivation has always been Kira. She's anchored by her foster brother Felix, who has always looked out for her and Kira.
Elizabeth Childs – Beth died in the first few minutes of Season 1 Epsiode 1, but she remains one of the more important clones in clone club. A police detective, she was using her access to information to help Cosima find other clones, but cracked under the pressure of her clone status, the review board she was about to face over an on-the-job shooting, and her loveless relationship. We first meet her when she drops her purse, steps out of her shoes, and in front of a train.
Sarah Manning, who happens to be on the same platform, witnesses the suicide, steals the purse, and decides to impersonate Beth in order to take off with any money she might have. As Beth, she meets both her boyfriend Paul Dierden and her partner Art Bell. When Sarah finally answers the pink clone phone that Beth uses to contact the other clones, she inadvertently joins Clone Club — made up of the clones that are self-aware, and those that keep their secrets.
Cosima Niehaus – Cosima is the resident brain of the Leda clones. A geneticist, she'd been coordinating the investigation into the origins of Project Leda, finding new clones, and researching the mysterious illness that some of the clones seem to suffer from. Cosima has dreads, smokes marijuana, and likes girls. When we first meet her, she's conspiring with Beth and Alison to find more clones, and is the one scientist with no ulterior motives that genuinely wants to help the clones — particularly because she is suffering from the respiratory illness that plagues them. Sarah and Helena, the two fertile members of Clone Club, are somehow immune. Cosima meets a charming French lady named Delphine, who introduces her to Dr. Aldous Leekie, the leader of a movement called "Neolution" and the head of the Dyad Institute, a research center pushing the boundaries of acceptable genetic modification. As she learns more about Project Leda, she begins to use Dyad's resources to further her own goals, but is troubled by questions of just where exactly Delphine's loyalties lie.
Alison Hendrix – Alison is the soccer mom clone. She has two adopted children with her husband Donny, her college sweetheart. They live in the suburbs, host birthday parties and pot lucks — the Leave It To Beaver stuff. Early on, her main contribution to clone club was financial; she donated the $75,000 that Sarah was trying to steal from Beth when she first impersonated her.
Alison has probably experienced the deepest character development over the three seasons —the money she had donated was meant to be in place of her actual involvement, since she was the least willing of the early Clone Club members to disrupt her life. Since, she's helpfully impersonated other clones, tortured her own husband to get the truth about his monitoring, ran for school trustee against her nemesis, and sold drugs to finance the campaign.
After she finds out her husband accidentally shot Dr. Leekie in the head in his car, and she admits to watching her friend choke to death without helping her, they help each other destroy evidence and have sex on the freezer that formerly held Alison's friend's body. They also have an underwear dance party in their bedroom with the thousands of dollars they made selling drugs to their neighbors. Truly a happy home.
Helena – Of all the Project Leda clones, Helena has likely had the most tortured existence. Separated at birth from her twin, Sarah Manning (all the clones are "sisters," but the rest had different surrogates), Helena was raised in a convent in the Ukraine. She was found by members of a cult called the Proletheans, who kidnapped her and told her about the clones, raising her to believe she was the original. The two cult members trained her in brutal conditions to be a killer, and had her target her fellow clones — the Proletheans believe that synthetic biology should only be carried out in God's name. Of course, that means in the name of the oldest white man in the cult, who happens to be a sociopath named Henrik.
We first meet Helena after she kills Katja Obinger, a German clone who fled to Canada to meet Beth after she discovered Helena was on her tail. By that point, she has already killed three other clones: Janika Zingler, Aryanna Giordano, and Danielle Fourneir, but once she's released from her religious indoctrination and informed of the truth, she becomes an important ally for Clone Club. Because she is the only other clone that can give birth, she's used as an incubator for an IVF birth, with Henrik implanting his own sperm into Helena's eggs. She kills Henrik almost immediately afterwards, absconding with the embryos in her womb as well as a tank of cryogenically frozen ones.
Rachel Duncan – The ice queen clone. Rachel Duncan had been raised by the two professors that started Project Leda, Ethan and Susan Duncan. They raised Rachel has their own — home videos show that she had a happy childhood, and that she was loved.
But Rachel is by far the coldest clone—even Helena, the clone conditioned to murder her sisters, values the lives of babies (and will kill mercilessly to protect them), while Rachel views Kira, the only successful birth amongst the clones, as leverage. It's eventually revealed that her motivations are fueled by a desire to be a mother herself, something taken away from her by Project Leda.
She loses her eye when Sarah shoots her with a pencil, but thanks the the magic of Neolution, she gains a technologically advanced prosthetic.
Krystal Goderitch – An American manicurist, Krystal is consistently used as a pawn, both by Clone Club when Felix tries to steal her identity on behalf of Rachel, who wants to use it to flee the country, and by Neolution, who use her as a body double for Rachel in order to sneak her out of the Dyad facility. See, Neolution wasn't actually run by Dr. Leekie, and right up through the end of Season 3 is still moving chess pieces in order to retain control of the assets in Project Leda and Project Castor. There's no telling if Krystal will join Clone Club or not.
Tony Sawicki – Tony is a transgender clone from Project Leda, and has little desire to be apart of Clone Club. We don't know much about him, other than he has a criminal record, and that his monitor somehow knows Paul, Beth's monitor and high-ranking member of Project Castor.
Jennifer Fitzsimmons – One of the more tragic clone stories, Jennifer is already dead by the time we hear about her; we only see her from a series of video diaries she keeps as she succumbs to the respiratory illness plauging the clones. Cosima manages to perform an autopsy on her body, and finds a link between the disease and the clones' infertility.