Summer is home improvement season. The warmer weather is ideal for all kinds of projects around the house, and longer days give contractors more daylight hours for work.
Here are some of the top summer home improvement projects, ranked in order from small to large. Completing one of these projects this summer can make next summer even better, but it's time to get started if you want to beat the cold weather!
Drafty windows can increase energy costs during the cold months of winter, and re-caulking can only do so much when it comes to keeping in the heat and keeping out the chill. When it's time to replace your windows, choose early summer to ensure that the air temperature is between 40 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit for optimal caulking. Replacement windows are available in a wide range of styles, materials and price ranges. Many have energy-saving features such as double-paned glass and sun-resistant coatings that will make your home more comfortable while increasing its value.
According to FortuneBuilders, a leading real estate education company, one of the best ways to boost your home's value is by improving curb appeal with updated landscaping. Even a small project such as lawn cleanup can make a difference. If your yard heats up in the summer, consider planting trees that will provide future shade or installing a patio cover or pergola. A courtyard or fountain can add interest to your yard in summer, or perhaps you'll realize you're sick of yard maintenance and decide to replace your lawn with low-maintenance plants and shrubs.
This home improvement can provide countless hours of enjoyment for people who love the outdoors. A deck is great for entertaining, al fresco dining and just plain relaxing. Some decks can be used as extensions of the home's living area for several months of the year, significantly increasing the home's value. Depending on the home and yard, a deck can be constructed relatively quickly. Starting the project in early summer can still provide weeks of use in late summer and fall.
A driveway with cracked concrete or asphalt can detract from a home's appearance and even cause a safety hazard. Although some cracks can be repaired, large cracks and potholes are a sign that the ground beneath the driveway has shifted over the years. In this case, the driveway needs to be replaced. Whether you choose asphalt, concrete or a newer option such as pavers, it's best to avoid both extreme cold and extreme heat when doing the work. This makes early or late summer the ideal time to replace a driveway in many areas.
If your roof is more than 15 years old and you've noticed leaks, it's time to think about protecting your home with a new roof. According to roofing experts, roofing contractors prefer working in summer for two reasons: to avoid rain and snow, and to allow new shingles to expand in the summer heat and form a weather-tight seal. Make sure that the existing layer of shingles is removed so that any damage to the underlying roof deck is detected and fixed.
Summer is the season when many homeowners dream about installing an in-ground pool. This is the best time to act on the dream and begin to make plans for the future. Spend time in your yard and map out where you think the pool should go. Decide how you will use it, such as for relaxation, exercise or family fun, and begin to look at pool designs. Then there are a few things to investigate: zoning permits, ongoing maintenance and a pool's effect on your home's utility bill. Once you're ready to move forward, you can expect pool construction to take from 3 to 12 weeks, depending on weather conditions and the complexity of the project. Planning your pool this summer means it could be ready for use next summer.
Sources: bobvila.com, fortunebuilders.com, homeadvisor.com, houselogic.com and thisoldhouse.com.


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Factbox: French Open champion Rafael Nadal
Reuters Factbox on Rafael Nadal, who beat Novak Djokovic 6-0 6-2 7-5 on Sunday to win a record-extending 13th French Open title: Age: 34 Nation: Spain ATP ranking: 2 Seeding: 2 Grand Slam titles (20): Australian Open (2009); French Open (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020); Wimbledon (2008, 2010); U.S. Open (2010, 2013, 2017, 2019) ROAD TO FINAL First round: Egor Gerasimov (Belarus) 6-4 6-4 6-2 Second round: Mackenzie
Sports / 11th October 2020
Factbox: Nadal's 13 French Open final victories
Reuters Factbox on Rafael Nadal's French Open final wins after he beat Novak Djokovic on Sunday to seal a record-extending 13th Roland Garros title: 2005 - beat Mariano Puerta (Argentina) 6-7(6) 6-3 6-1 7-5 Rallied from a set down to beat fellow left-hander Puerta and become the first player to win the French Open title in his main draw debut since Mats Wilander in 1982, setting in motion an unprecedented run of success in the tournament. 2006 - beat Roger Federer (Swit
Nadal wins 13th French Open to claim record-equalling 20th Grand Slam title
PARIS, October 11 (Reuters): Spain's Rafael Nadal demolished world number one Novak Djokovic of Serbia 6-0 6-2 7-5 in the French Open final to claim a record-equalling 20th Grand Slam title on Sunday. With his record-improving 13th triumph at Roland Garros, world number two Nadal is now tied with Swiss Roger Federer as the player with the most men's singles major titles. Nadal was the early aggressor as he choked Djokovic to win the opening set in brutal fashion havi
Factbox: List of French Open women's singles champions
Reuters List of French Open women's singles champions: 2020 Iga Swiatek (Poland) beat Sofia Kenin (U.S.) 6-4 6-1 2019 Ashleigh Barty (Australia) beat Marketa Vondrousova (Czech Republic) 6-1 6-3 2018 Simona Halep (Romania) beat Sloane Stephens (U.S.) 3-6 6-4 6-1 2017 Jelena Ostapenko (Latvia) beat Halep 4-6 6-4 6-3 2016 Garbine Muguruza (Spain) beat Serena Williams (U.S.) 7-5 6-4 2015 Serena Williams beat Lucie Safarova (Czech Republic) 6-3 6-7 6-2 2014 Mari
Factbox: French Open champion Iga Swiatek
Reuters Factbox on Iga Swiatek, who defeated Sofia Kenin 6-4 6-1 to win her maiden Grand Slam title at the French Open on Saturday. Age: 19 Nation: Poland WTA ranking: 54 (Highest ranking: 48) Seeding: Unseeded Grand Slam titles: 1 (French Open 2020) ROAD TO FINAL First round: 15-Marketa Vondrousova (Czech Republic) 6-1 6-2 Second round: Hsieh Su-wei (Taiwan) 6-1 6-4 Third round: Eugenie Bouchard (Canada) 6-3 6-2 Fourth round: 1-Simona Halep (Romania) 6
Swiatek wins French Open, becomes first Pole to win Grand Slam singles title
PARIS, October 10 (Reuters): Teenager Iga Swiatek became the first Polish player to win a Grand Slam singles title when she beat American fourth seed Sofia Kenin 6-4 6-1 in the French Open final on Saturday. The unseeded 19-year-old, who did not drop a set throughout the claycourt tournament, is the youngest winner since Monica Seles lifted the Suzanne Lenglen Cup in 1992. "I'm so happy. I'm so happy my family was here finally. It was overwhelming for me,"
King Nadal downs Schwartzman to reach 13th French Open final
PARIS, October 10 (Reuters): Rafael Nadal moved within one win of a record-equalling 20th Grand Slam title by reaching the French Open final with a comfortable 6-3 6-3 7-6(0) victory over Diego Schwartzman on Friday. Nadal was beaten by the 12th seed a little over two weeks ago on the claycourts in Rome but the 12-time French Open champion showed he was still the undisputed king of Roland Garros as he notched up a 10th win in 11 meetings over the Argentine. "Two and a h
Sports / 9th October 2020
Azarenka and Osaka have unfinished business at US Open final
NEW YORK, September 11 (Reuters): Victoria Azarenka and Naomi Osaka were set for a title clash two weeks back before the Japanese withdrew due to injury but the former world number ones will have another chance to establish supremacy during Saturday's U.S. Open women's singles final. A left hamstring injury forced the 22-year-old Osaka to pull out from the final of the Western & Southern Open, which was played at the Grand Slam venue at Flushing Meadows this ye
Sports / 11th September 2020
Serena heads to French Open with time running out for No. 24
NEW YORK, September 11 (Reuters): Serena Williams will have just two weeks to shake off the disappointment of a semi-final loss in the U.S. Open and resume her pursuit of a record-equalling 24th Grand Slam title on the claycourts at the French Open. The American great has remained one title behind Margaret Court's all-time record since bagging her 23rd Grand Slam singles trophy at the Australian Open in January 2017. Williams has lost four Grand Slam finals since returni
Brady beaten but proud of Grand Slam progress
NEW YORK, September 11 (Reuters): American Jennifer Brady was proud of reaching her maiden Grand Slam semi-final at the U.S. Open and says she left everything on the court in her 7-6(1) 3-6 6-3 semi-final defeat to Naomi Osaka on Thursday. Brady, whose best performance at the majors had been getting to the fourth round at Melbourne and Flushing Meadows in 2017, matched 2018 U.S. Open champion Osaka shot-for-shot in a quality match on the Arthur Ashe Stadium court. "I th
Osaka outlasts Brady to reach US Open final
NEW YORK, September 11 (Reuters): Two-times Grand Slam champion Naomi Osaka reached the U.S. Open final for the second time in her career with a thrilling 7-6(1) 3-6 6-3 victory over American hope Jennifer Brady on Thursday. Brady arrived at her first Grand Slam semi-final without having dropped a set in New York and did not show any nerves but Osaka's firepower allowed her to get by the 28th seed. Fourth seed Osaka, who won the first of two consecutive Grand Slam titles
Serena stunned by Azarenka comeback in U.S. Open semis
NEW YORK, September 11 (Reuters): Victoria Azarenka stunned Serena Williams 1-6 6-3 6-3 in the semi-finals of the U.S. Open on Thursday, denying the American the chance of winning a record-equalling 24th Grand Slam singles title on home soil this year. Azarenka will play Japan's Naomi Osaka on Saturday in her third final at Flushing Meadows, having lost the previous two to Williams in 2012 and 2013. Azarenka said her mental game had been crucial in beating the 38-year-ol

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Because criminal sources of income, such as theft and fraud, are alternatives to legitimate earnings, they tend to be associated with unemployment. This linkage, however, is far from clear and consistent.
See also CLASS AND CRIME; CRIME CAUSATION: ECONOMIC THEORIES.
U.S. State Department - Things To Remember While Reading Excerpts From "patterns Of Global Terrorism—2002":, Excerpt From "patterns Of Global Terrorism—2002"


Cockcroft-Gault CrCl is the most common formula used to measure creatinine clearance, and approximating glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Although creatinine clearance slightly overestimates the glomerular function by 10-20%, it is considered the standard for drug dosing adjustments.
Underweight (BMI < 18.5): No adjustment. Weight uses TBW.
Normal Weight (BMI 18.5 - 22.9): Weight uses IBW (with the range using the actual body weight).
Overweight/Obese (BMI = 23): Weight uses adjusted body weight (with the range using IBW).
The Cockcroft-Gault Equation may be inaccurate depending on a patient's body weight and BMI; by providing additional height, we can calculate BMI and provide a modified estimate and range.
You can also enter US heights as 5'10"


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The views the reader will see presented here will not agree with the mainstream view seen by non-muslim America. This is partly because, as the contemporary ex-muslim author Walid Shoebat says, both Sunnis and Shiites believe in Taqiyya. "'Ninth-tenths of (the Islamic) religion is Taqiyyah (dissimulation), hence one who does not dissimulate has no religion.' (Al-Kafi vol. 9 p. 110)" (Shoebat pg.74,75) According to Shoebat then, Muslim doctrine requires the use of subterfuge to expand the dominion of Islam. For example, in contrasting Islam with Christianity, Shoebat points out that there is not a single verse in the Qur'an that says, "love your enemies." (Shoebat, p.47) Outsiders should not expect to know the truth about Islam without digging for it.
Educated and respected Christian writers throughout history have described Islam as having the spirit of, or as producing the Antichrist. "Hilaire Belloc, Bishop Fulton Sheen, Gregory Palamus of Thessalonica, Vernon Richards, Sir Robert Anderson, Cyril of Jerusalem, Sophronius the Patiarch of Jerusalem (560-638), Maximus the Confessor (50-662), John of Damascus (676-749), Eulogius of Cordova, Paul Alvarus, and the Martyrs of Cordova, … John Calvin and Jonathan Edwards" (God's War on Terror, Walid Shoebat; pg.41).
Walid Shoebat, who says he grew up Muslim but converted to Christianity, describes Islam as "not merely a personal belief (faith), but also a system of government and expansion." He says, "It can not be separated from the tenants of war that form its very foundation. (pg.103)" He says Islam teaches that Jesus will return to "lead Israel's enemies against her in battle and to kill or convert all Jews and Christians to Islam" (pg.62). Noting that, "belief in a coming Mahdi is universal for all Muslims," he says, "according to Islamic tradition, the Mahdi doesn't merely emerge as some vague great religious leader; he will return to reinstate the office of the Caliphate." (pg.54) That is he will establish sharia law internationally. (pg.53). Islam has "its own calendar and laws, both of which are the first things Islam has imposed in every country it has ruled." (pg.86). "Changing the times and the seasons" is something that the biblical antichrist does. Also, in Shoebat's opinion, the biblical reference to the antichrist not regarding the desire of women refers to the lack of respect in sharia law for women's rights (pg.92).
This could not be the messiah of the Christians, but is analogous to their antichrist. Christian scripture says of the antichrist that he will rule Israel, and will "try to change the set times and the laws." (Daniel 7:25) The antichrist is famous for ruling over 10 kings or nations. (Rev 17:12,13). Shoebat says that, "in 2002, a plan for the reestablishment of the Caliphate was written … . According to this plan, a ten-member council of "Assistant Caliphs" would assist the Caliph in his rule." ( pg.91)
As to how he will rise to prominence, Islamic tradition teaches that "the Mahdi will find some supposedly lost portions of the Old and New Testaments (in Antioch and/or a mountain in Syria) and even the Ark of the Covenant," and that these will convert many to Islam. And "'Allah will give him power over the wind and the rain, and the earth will bring forth its foliage. He will give away wealth profusely, flocks will be in abundance, and the Ummah [Empire of Islam] will be large and honored'" (pg.83, footnoted)
Muslims believe that the Mahdi will ride the white horse of Revelation 6:1,2. This rider in Revelation is given a crown and a bow and rides out to conquer. Following him are,"war, famine, plagues, death, persecution, martyrdom of God's people, great earthquake, and even the wrath of God." (pg. 84). The Muslims say he will, "judge by the Qur'an (with justice) and with (him) will be men with marks of prostration on their foreheads.'" (pg.84, footnoted). This all parallels the biblical antichrist, and particularly, the mark parallels the "mark of the beast."
Daniel 11:38 says that the antichrist will "honor the god of forces: and a god whom his fathers knew not shall he honor with gold, and silver, and with precious stones, and pleasant things." Shoebat sees this in Islam's doctrine (and long history starting with Mohammed as a warlord) of required contributions to war efforts (pg. 95,96). He says, "Allah is the greatest war god history has ever known whose glory was advanced through war." (pg.101) The reference in verse 38 to his not honoring the god of his fathers Shoebat sees fulfilled in Mohammed's rejecting the ancestral gods of his people for his new god, Allah (pg. 100).
Shoebat says that Islam grew out of, "heretical groups such as the Gnostics and the Nestorians, (which culminated) in the religion of Mohammed, the greatest heresiarch that the world has ever known." (pg.62) The apostle Paul in his letters to John describes antichrist as the one who denies that Jesus is the Son of God, and says, a "man who denies that Jesus is the Christ," is of that spirit. He continues that this, "is the antichrist, he denies the Father and the Son. No one who denies the Son has the Father; whoever acknowledges the Son has the Father also." (1 John 2:22,23) Paul is saying that it is the antichrist that denies that Jesus was the only-begotten Son of God. According to Shoebat, "the religion of Islam has as one of its most core and fundamental beliefs, a blatant denial of Jesus as God's Son. (pg.59) He says these are the very words that "encircle the inside of the Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem": "'Far be it from God that he should have a son!'" (pg.64)
Muslims believe in a second coming of Jesus Christ, in which he will descend from heaven. But in their version, upon his return he will come, "bearing witness to the seal of the Messengers, Prophet Mohammed;" and he will, "espouse the cause of the Mahdi." (pg.60) He will "declare Himself to be a Muslim, He will deny all the claims of being God, or the son of God."(pg.59) The Qur'an teaches that Jesus was not crucified. Shoebat says that, "all of the most revered interpreters of the Qur'an … interpret Qur'an 3:54 as referring to Allah deceiving people to believe that Jesus was crucified when He was not" (pg.66). He says, "Muslim scholars explain that (when Jesus returns) Christians and Jews will 'confirm that he is alive and has not died and he is not God or the Son of God but [merely] His [Allah's] messenger'" (pg.59).1 So Muslims deny both that Jesus was and is God and that Jesus was crucified. According to the New Testament, this is the spirit of the antichrist.2 "Antichrist will be Anti-Trinity, Anti-Son, Anti-Crucifixion, and Anti-God-in-the-flesh. Islam's theology filfills these denials perfectly." (Shoebat, p.57)
"Siraj Wahaj, the first Muslim to deliver the daily prayers and speeches of love, brotherhood, and hrmony before the U.S. House of Representatives, in speaking to a Muslim audience in New Jersey said that Muslims should 'take over the United States and replace its constitutional government with a caliphate. If we were united and strong we'd elect our own emir (leader) and give allegiance to him. Take my word, if 6 to 8 million Muslims unite in America, the country will come to us.'" (pg. 78 and footnoted)
The greatest caliphate the world has known, in terms of temporal power, was the Ottoman Caliphate, which ruled the Ottoman empire. It was broken up by the Christian west in 1924. For the Muslim, this plunged the world into darkness. (pg. 81,82)
1Verse [Qur'an 19:33] "So Peace is on me the day I was born, the day that I die and the day that I shall be raised up to life (again)"! The unified opinion of Islam maintains that the bodily death of Jesus will happen after his second coming. They believe he will die in front of the entire world. (from an email by anon)
2The view presented is not the only one. Ahmadiyya Islam argues that one was to be born and rise within the dispensation of Muhammad, who by virtue of his similarity and affinity with Jesus, and the similarity in nature, temperament and disposition of the people of Jesus' time and the people of the time of the promised one (the Mahdi) is called by the same name.
Numerous hadith are presented by the Ahmadis in support of their view, such as one from Sunan Ibn Majah which says, There is No Mahdi but Jesus son of Mary.
Ahmadis believe that the prophecies concerning the Mahdi and the second coming of Jesus have been fulfilled in Mirza Ghulam Ahmad(1835–1908), the founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement. Contrary to mainstream Islam, the Ahmadis do not believe that Jesus is alive in heaven, but that he survived the crucifixion and migrated towards the east where he died a natural death and that Ghulam Ahmad was only the promised spiritual second coming and likeness of Jesus, the promised Messiah and Mahdi. Therefore if Jesus did not die and rise three days later, than Ghulam Ahmad will die at the hands of the Jews and rise three days later.
(c) Allen C. Dietrich 2012


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The 7 Worst Drinks for Your Kids
How to avoid hidden sugar and caffeine found in popular kids' beverages
Medically reviewed by Paul A. Rufo, MD, MMSc on February 01, 2020
Paul A. Rufo, MD, MMSc, is an assistant professor of pediatrics and senior investigator in the Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease at Boston Children's Hospital.
Paul A. Rufo, MD, MMSc
Kelly Knox / Stocksy United
We all know how important it is to keep kids hydrated, especially while they're playing sports or having fun running around outside with their friends or they're outside in the summer heat.
What kids drink is as important as how much they drink, especially since there are so many choices for kids today. Some of these beverages seem healthy, but looks can be deceiving.
Many beverages on store shelves today are loaded with ingredients that you may not suspect, including significant amounts of added sugar. Some beverages also contain caffeine.
Doctors have found that consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks can contribute to cavities and excess weight gain in children.
Data from a study conducted in 2014 that looked at behaviors of nearly 3,000 middle and high school kids (grades 6-12) found that regular consumption of sports and energy drinks was correlated with other unhealthy lifestyle habits including higher video game use and smoking.
Kids today have a wealth of options when it comes to quenching their thirst. Here's how you can encourage them to make healthier choices when choosing a drink.
Parents may think sports drinks are healthy options because they contain many of the minerals and electrolytes that kids lose during workouts.
However, according to Kristi King, a senior dietician at Texas Children's Hospital and a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, sports drinks are often high in calories and sugar—and they're not necessary for kids.
Many parents allow kids to have these drinks even when they haven't exercised vigorously. "Sports drinks were made for the endurance athlete," King says. "Most kids are not physically active enough to need sports drinks."
A better option is to give kids water and healthy snacks like string cheese, nuts, or watermelon, and/or oranges, which are both chock-full of electrolytes. Pretzels and dill pickles are also excellent choices to replace the salt kids lose when they sweat.
Energy drinks may contain some undesirable ingredients, including caffeine and large amounts of sugar. The amount of caffeine in sports and energy drinks can be as much, or more, than what is found in a cup of coffee. They also tend to be high in calories.
"These are all the things we want to avoid giving to kids," says King. "They cause blood sugar spikes and crashes, interfere with sleep, and raise the risk for diabetes and obesity. There is no reason for a child to have energy drinks."
Soft Drinks, Sweetened Juices, and Other Beverages
Parents know it's important to limit or cut out both sugar-filled and artificially-sweetened soda in their kids' diet and feel like juice may be a better option.
However, many juices on grocery store shelves are actually juice-flavored water with (once again) lots of added sugar, empty calories, and little nutritional value.
King says that many juices are really "fake" juice that's been loaded with sugar, empty calories, and no nutritional value.
Sugary juices put kids at risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes. While drinks may state that they have "no sugar added," King points out that what they often have instead is high fructose corn syrup.
Stick to 100% fruit juice, which has less added sugar and may contain nutrients. Another option is to keep cold water in the fridge, then add lemons, orange, or apple slices for flavor. To replace soda, try adding a bit of 100% fruit juice to seltzer or club soda.
You can also try making your own juice at home. "Juice apples, carrots, bananas, and spinach," suggests King.
Sweetened Teas
Sugary "tea" drinks in a bottle are a far cry from a healthy cup of green tea. Sweet teas are often basically pure sugar, says King.
Instead of bottled sweet teas give kids herbal fruit teas with added fruit like raspberries and honey or maple syrup for a touch of sweetness.
"Many people think raw milk is healthier, but it's actually illegal to purchase in a lot of states," says King.
The reason for the laws is that when milk and cheese aren't pasteurized, there is an increased risk the products will carry dangerous bacteria such as E. coli and listeria. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), children have weaker immune systems than adults, putting them at greater risk of getting sick from raw milk.
Instead, give kids low-fat pasteurized milk. "Parents should serve mostly low-fat or skim milk at meals and water in between meals to kids ages two and over unless their children have special needs," says Nicole Larson, Ph.D., lead author of a 2014 study on adolescent consumption of sports and energy drinks and their association with unhealthy behaviors.
Herbal Supplement Drinks
King notes that some kids (particularly adolescent and teenage girls) have started drinking herbal supplement beverages as a weight loss supplement—a potentially dangerous trend.
"What's on the label is not necessarily what's in the bottle," warns King. A company can make a claim like "miracle weight loss" on a tea or supplement because these products are not regulated by the FDA.
King points out that many popular coffee drinks are high in sugar and caffeine—the latter of which is of particular concern for kids. "Children are affected differently," says King of caffeine. "They are not mini adults."
When kids consume coffee beverages meant for adults, the caffeine in these drinks can affect their sleep patterns, their ability to concentrate, and can even make them hyperactive.
To make sure kids are drinking healthy beverages, do your best to substitute water, milk, and other no- or low-sugar drinks for less healthy options.
It's also helpful to know what your kids are drinking at school, on playdates, or when they're with another caregiver or sitter.
While you can't always be there to oversee your kid's choices, you can train your child's taste buds to prefer natural and less sugary drinks. They'll be more likely to make healthy choices, such as reaching for natural sweeteners like fruit to jazz up water instead of a can of soda.
Empowering kids to make these choices will cut down their sugar intake, help them hydrate naturally, and encourage healthy eating habits.
10 Tips to Help Kids Make Healthy Drink Choices
Larson N, Dewolfe J, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D. Adolescent consumption of sports and energy drinks: linkages to higher physical activity, unhealthy beverage patterns, cigarette smoking, and screen media use. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2014;46(3):181-7. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2014.02.008
Higgins JP, Tuttle TD, Higgins CL. Energy beverages: content and safety. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(11):1033–1041. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0381
Xi B, Li S, Liu Z, Tian H, Yin X, Huai P, et al. Intake of fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e93471. Published 2014 Mar 28. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093471
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Dangers of Raw Milk: Unpasteurized Milk Can Pose a Serious Health Risk. Updated November 2018.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Beware of Products Promising Miracle Weight Loss. Updated January 2015.
Owens JA, Mindell J, Baylor A. Effect of energy drink and caffeinated beverage consumption on sleep, mood, and performance in children and adolescents. Nutr Rev. 2014;72 Suppl 1:65-71. doi:10.1111/nure.12150
New Study Warns Against Sugary Drinks While Breastfeeding
Empty Calorie Foods and How They Affect Breastfeeding
Is it Safe to Drink Energy Drinks During Pregnancy?
Have You Been Fooled by These Food Surprises on Your Child's Plate?
What Pediatricians and Nutrition Experts Think of Carnation Breakfast Essentials
The Truth About Caffeine and Your Fertility
How Can You Help Your Kids Make Better Drink Choices?
Thanksgiving Foods to Avoid During Pregnancy
Satisfying Snacks Your Kids Will Love
How Much Water Do Kids Need?
Medically reviewed by Paul A. Rufo, MD, MMSc
How Much Caffeine Can You Have While Pregnant?


Deep within the northern Rocky Mountains, grizzly bears rest sleepily in cozy dens in the dead of winter. Meanwhile, a much smaller, bear-like creature is busy covering vast swaths of snow-blasted slopes, searching for scraps of corpses and bones of other, lesser creatures that have succumbed to the hardships of a mountain ecosystem. As the largest terrestrial member of the weasel family, wolverines are known for their stocky, muscular build and ferocious nature, character traits that come in handy when living in what 19th century naturalist George Bird Grinnell deemed the Crown of the Continent—a 10 million acre expanse of land that's one of the wildest places left in the lower-48 states.
A combination of U.S. Forest Service lands, national parks, tribal territories and private property, the Crown of the Continent links western Montana with southern Canada, encompassing some of the largest blocks of wilderness in the contiguous U.S., including Glacier National Park, the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex in Montana and Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta. As a fully functioning ecosystem, the Crown is home to nearly all of North America's large mammals, including the mountain lion, grizzly bear, lynx, gray wolf, elk and, of course, the wolverine.
In fact, the presence of wolverines in the Crown is a testament to the area's wildness.
In addition to a fierce attitude, the wolverine's physical attributes, like huge paws and thick, water-repellant fur, are well-suited for living in harsh, snow-capped mountains. Characteristics like these are what allow wolverines to survive sub-zero temperatures while scaling 1, 500-foot vertical climbs across ridgelines with daunting names like the Iceberg Notch. But tragically, the wolverine's very symbiosis and interdependence with its natural surroundings is also what makes it a modern-day canary in the coal mine for the impacts of climate change.
One example of how the species' interconnectedness with the Crown's ecosystem may lead to its ultimate demise is found in the female wolverine's reliance on deep snowpack for denning tunnels to raise her kits. Though some young wolverines may stay with their mothers until they reach adulthood, denning mothers will abandon these snowy hideaways if they melt early, even if the kits aren't ready to leave. In addition, a decreasing mountain snowpack caused by warmer winters simply makes it more difficult for wolverines to find suitable areas for denning.
"We think about the polar bear when we think about the poster child for climate change, and that's appropriate, but the wolverine is unfortunately in the same boat, " says Preso. "They're really dependent on areas that have maintained snow pack into the spring period and increasingly in the Rocky Mountains, that's a dwindling landscape."


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text:
Naturalism in the Philosophy of Health: Issues and Implications
Élodie Giroux (Editor)
Offers the first comprehensive review and critical assessment of the nature and status of naturalism in philosophy of health. Presents an analysis of the implications of the philosophical theories of health for healthcare and for the debate on health enhancement. Explores the notion of biological normativity and of its relevance for the philosophy of health.
Naturalism in the Philosophy of Health
In a series of papers published in the 1970s, Christopher Boorse proposed a naturalist theory of health, mainly based on a value-free concept of 'biological function', a concept of 'reference class' and the notion of 'statistical normality'. His theory has profoundly shaped the philosophical debates on the concepts of health and disease. It could even be said that the numerous criticisms of his 'biostatistical theory' are at the centre of what is usually referred to as the debate between 'normativists' and 'naturalists'. Today, the predominant naturalist theory of health is still Boorse's biostatistical theory.
This volume offers the first comprehensive review and critical assessment of the nature and status of naturalism in the philosophy of health. It explores the notion of biological normativity and its relevance for the philosophy of health, and it analyses the implications of the philosophical theories of health for healthcare and the debate on health enhancement.
In the first section, several contributions identify the kind of 'naturalism' the biostatistical theory belongs to and offer further criticisms or possible modifications, such as the concept of function that is required by this theory, and whether a comparativist approach to health is more relevant than a non-comparativist one. The second section explores natural or biological 'normativity' and some possible accounts of health that could be based on this concept. The third and final section focuses on the implications of naturalism in healthcare. 'Goals of Medicine' is the first paper in which Christopher Boorse ventured toward analysing the implication of his biostatistical theory of health on the practice of medicine, the difficult issue of the goals of medicine and the boundary between treating and enhancing. Other papers in this section critically evaluate Boorse's account and analyse the importance of a positive concept of health.
Élodie Giroux is a philosopher of medicine who works mainly on issues about health concepts and epidemiology. Her main interests are history of risk factor epidemiology, philosophy of epidemiology, causation in medicine and public health, health and disease concepts. Besides several papers on history of modern epidemiology, she published Après Canguilhem, définir la santé et la maladie (2010), she edited a special issue on the history of risk factor epidemiology (in Revue d'Histoire des Sciences, 2011) and co-edited Philosophie de la médecine II (with Maël Lemoine, 2012) and Comprendre la vieillesse (with Sarah Carvallo, 2012).
https://irphil.univ-lyon3.fr/naturalism-in-the-philosophy-of-health-issues-and-implications


text:
Еддівілл — місто, штат Айова
 Еддівілл — місто, штат Кентуккі
 Еддівілл — селище, штат Іллінойс
 Еддівілл — селище, штат Небраска

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Discover Trentino
Welcome in Trentino
Typical villages
Enchanted places
WORLD WIDE FAMOUS
Natural Parks
Choose your holiday
Snow and Family
Snow and Nature
Romantic break
Find your accommodation
Hotel Garni Village
Private apartments
Themed Lodging
Ideas for eating well
An Italian Feast of Flavours
Ski-mountaineering
Wellness & Swimingpools
Art in cuisine
Michelin-starred Restaurants in Trentino
Star-studded dining
Trentino restaurants that have been awarded the coveted star by the Michelin Guide
Nestling in vineyards, heated by the warmth of an old stube (tiled stove) or extending over an area in the Dolomites, a World Heritage Site, united by their special focus on the quality of raw materials and local products. These are the Michelin-starred restaurants of Trentino which, according to the Michelin Guide 2022, can boast "superior quality cuisine that makes it worth stopping at".
Restaurants in which culinary art is extolled, thanks to the personality of the chefs who narrate the Trentino and make themselves known by creating delicate masterpieces that gratify and satisfy the palate. Impressive locations, sublime dishes paired with excellent wines, while relishing the mountain scents. An experience to be lived with all your senses.
Locanda Margon, Ravina di Trento
Tucked away in the vineyards, it is a reference point for those who love Michelin-starred cuisine and superb sparkling wines. Here you can enjoy the precious riserva wines of the Cantine Ferrari winery, which are a perfect match for the award-winning cuisine of chef Edoardo Fumagalli. High quality, light cuisine with an innovative twist, very close to Trento.
Senso Alfio Ghezzi at MART, Rovereto
A Michelin-starred restaurant with a prestigious location inside the Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art (MART). Beneath a dome designed by the renowned architect Mario Botta himself, chef Alfio Ghezzi brings his creations to life in a setting where the culinary arts meet the arts of painting, sculpture and design.
Peter Brunel Ristorante Gourmet, Arco
Art, poetry and fine dining come together in this elegant gourmet restaurant, just a short distance from Lake Garda. In this intimate and elegant setting, the poetry of Gabriele D'Annunzio combine with the art of Fortunato Depero, the design of Bruno Munari and the cooking of chef Peter Brunel, evoking a sense of story-telling and distant places.
Ristorante Dolomieu, Madonna di Campiglio
A cosy stube (an establishment serving food and drinks in northern Italy) in reclaimed wood, in the exclusive DV Chalet in Madonna di Campiglio. The Dolomieu is a harmonious blend of the intimacy of a romantic location and the Michelin-starred cuisine of chef David Rangoni, whose aromas are reminiscent of land, sea and mountains.
Ristorante Il Gallo Cedrone, Madonna di Campiglio
"An invitation to a culinary experience in the heart of the mountains": this is how the Michelin guide describes the award-winning cuisine of the Gallo Cedrone, the country style restaurant of the Hotel Bertelli, in Madonna di Campiglio. An experience focused on fresh ingredients and aromas from the surrounding territory, which in the skilful hands of chef Sabino Fortunato are combined with strong Mediterranean flavours.
Stube Hermitage, Madonna di Campiglio
In summer, you can eat on the lovely terrace overlooking the Dolomites, while in winter a warm early twentieth-century stube greets you, surrounded by awe-inspiring natural scenery, in the Bio Hotel Hermitage. Here you can enjoy the cuisine of the Michelin-starred chef Giovanni D'Alitta, whose Mediterranean tradition fuses with international creativity.
Ristorante L Chimpl, Sèn Jan di Fassa
In the heart of the Val di Fassa Dolomites, where you "breathe" the ancient Ladin tradition, the hotel Gran Mugon hosts the Michelin-starred cuisine of chef Stefano Ghetta. Everything here is awash with mountain flavours, enhanced with a touch of inspiration and creativity. Ghetta's inspiration and creativity are truly amazing because his combinations of ingredients are never banal.
Malga Panna, Moena
This Val di Fassa restaurant is the first restaurant in Trentino Alto Adige to be awarded a Michelin star. Its chef, Paul Donei, won the coveted Michelin star in 1993, when he was only 19 years old, becoming the youngest starred chef in Italy. The spotlight of his cuisine is Trentino and it is closely linked to the territory.
El Molin, Cavalese
In 1990, chef Alessandro Gilmozzi transformed an old Val di Fiemme mill into a restaurant serving fine-dining cuisine which refashions Trentino culinary traditions, also by using unusual ingredients, such as lichens. A celebration of the mountains, which delights the palate.
Agritur El Mas
In Val di Fassa, young family chef Stefano Croce was awarded the 2022 Michelin Green Star for cuisine and sustainability. Everything is sustainable here: from the green building to the supply chain of raw ingredients and the commitment to environmental education. Stable, dairy, on-site meat processing, vegetable garden and educational farm. The genuine cuisine has been able to reinterpret the Ladin tradition.
Book your holiday in Trentino
Send us a
Explore a Season
Spring Holidays
Autumn Holidays
Trentino for trade
OTHER WEBsites / useful links
Q&A to discover Trentino
Get in touch for ideas and deals with our Newsletter


Shouldn't the forum be linked on it? I know I found it entirely by accident.
The forum is in beta, and I don't think they are planning on linking it until after it stops being beta.
The forum's public launch is scheduled to coincide with a larger site revamp. Until then, the link won't be on the main page. For further inquiries on this subject, feel free to PM me.


An Ontario lawyer notified us that they've been contacted by the purported Sharon Marcel with regards to a to a collaborative family law agreement dispute. This is a fraud we have seen before under several other names and similar scenarios. For examples of other names attached to this kind of fraud see our Confirmed Fraud Page. For an explanation of how this fraud works see our Fraud Fact Sheet.
Please reply me if you can render me legal assistance on a Divorce issue.
I'm amazed, I must say. Seldom do I encounter a blog that's both equally educative and engaging, and without a doubt, you've hit the nail on the head. The issue is something too few people are speaking intelligently about. I am very happy that I stumbled across this in my search for something relating to this.


At last I have found socks that really do the job properly. I may be old but I`m not old fashioned but I do like quality and these socks are quality. Woolrich,soft and they stay up, not sagging round the ankles.I like them so much that I have ordered three more pairs!


This week and last we have discussed Burn Out in Ministry. We have discussed practical application for avoiding it as well as how to get out of it if you find yourself experiencing Burn Out. So, how do you know if you are Burned Out?
Your joy for ministry is gone. What used to give you pleasure and fill your heart no longer does or doesn't in the way it used to. This can also be a sign that you are ready to move on from that ministry. This is when prayer comes in. Pray for God to reveal the reason for your lack of joy in that area and a clear path to follow.
Excessive tiredness, cloudy thinking, easily distracted. Granted these signs can also match a myriad of situations and ailments, but are often found during a season of Burn Out. When we have been burning the proverbial candle from both ends, our thoughts are often crowding one another as we attempt to organize it all in our over-tired, scattered mind.
Your sense of obligation supercedes your sense of purpose and peace. Does the ministry in which you serve match your gifts? Are you serving because you feel led by the Lord? Or are you serving because the ministry simply needs a warm body and you volunteered? Serving in an area simply because there is a need is a quick way to Burn Out. It's imperative that we listen for God's calling so that our Spiritual Gifts match those needed for that particular ministry. Filling in for a short time in a pinch is commendable, but long-term service in an area outside of our calling and outside of our spiritual skill-set can have negative consequences, not only for us but also for those who should be serving in that area. If the need is filled by someone who shouldn't be there, there is no opening for the one who should be.
There is no "white space" in your life. Are most days and evenings filled up with activities, meetings, planning sessions, activities, and commitments? Do you find yourself struggling to be in the Word daily? There is a Pin on Pinterest that says something along the lines of: "If you're too busy to be in the Word daily, you're far busier than God ever intended you to be." We all need down-time that will benefit us physically, mentally, and spiritually.
Bottom line, the best method, by far, to avoiding Burn Out is in seeking God's wisdom and guidance in all of your ministry pursuits. He will never lead you to a ministry that you aren't meant to be in, nor will He lead you to one that He will not fully equip you for.


The Cabinet on Monday approved the draft of the 'National Digital Commerce Policy 2018' aiming to ensure safe digital transactions removing mistrust of buyers and purchasers in digital commerce.
"The government has taken an initiative to formulate the policy for the development of industries, growing export and creating more jobs in the ICT sector," said Secretary (Coordination and Reform) of the Cabinet Division NM Ziaul Alam while briefing reporters after the meeting.
As per the policy, a cell will be formed under the Commerce Ministry for proper implementation of the activities of digital commerce and protection of consumer rights.
Ziaul Alam said the policy focuses on ensuring safe digital transactions through the use of ICT, identifying piracy and hacking and checking those, removing fear from purchasers and sellers and enhancing their confidence in the digital commerce.
The Cabinet also gave the final approval to the draft of the 'Mental health Bill 2018' for making a time-befitting law in the Bengali version instead of the exiting Lunacy Act 2012, said Ziaul Alam.
According to the draft bill, if any professional engaged in mental health service intentionally provides 'false certificate' over mental illness, the person will be punished with a fine of maximum Tk three lakh or one-year rigorous imprisonment or both.
The bill also incorporated another punitive provision for guardians and doctors in case of their negligence in providing treatment to the mental health patients and management of his property.
"If any guardian or doctor neglects the treatment of mental health patients or management of his property or doesn't implement any order of the court, s/he will be punished with a fine of maximum Tk five lakh or three-year rigorous imprisonment or both," the Secretary said.
In the bill, the government has been entrusted with the responsibility of conducting, coordinating, regulating and improving all the activities related to mental health, he said.
Ziaul Alam said a mental health review monitoring committee has been proposed in the bill to provide long-term treatment to those affected by mental illness and ensure remedy to any aggravation in this regard.
The Cabinet adopted a felicitation motion greeting the Bangladesh women's cricket team for clinching the ICC Women's World T20 Qualifiers title beating Ireland in the final at the Kampong Cricket Club ground in the Netherlands on Saturday last.
It also adopted a condolence motion on the death of Saima Huq, elder sister of Law Minister Anisul Huq. Saima Huq died on Sunday.
Besides, the Cabinet adopted a thanksgiving motion appreciating Finance Division Secretary Muslim Chowdhury for being appointed as the Comptroller and Auditor General of Bangladesh.


text:
Q: My links that should use my hooks to show/hide components are not working as expected I have the following component that should load two other components depending on a button click.
My GameDungeon component should load when I click the "DungeonPage" link and it should also hide the "GameCharacter" component.
Likewise, but reversed for the "CharacterPage" button.
However, when I click either button, nothing happens.  No change, no loading, and also no errors.
So I'm not sure where to go from here.
I followed along a few React & React Hooks tutorials, but I just can't get this to work.
Here's my code:
import React, { useState } from "react";
import GameDungeon from "../App";
import GameCharacter from "../Character/App";

const Admin = () => {

    const [showDungeon, setDungeon] = useState(false);
    const [showCharacter, setCharacter] = useState(false);

    const handleCharacterClick = e => { setDungeon(false) && setCharacter(true) };
    const handleDungeonClick = e => { setCharacter(false) && setDungeon(true) };

    return (

                             handleDungeonClick}>Game Dungeon

                             handleCharacterClick}>Game Character

                {showDungeon && <GameDungeon />}

                {showCharacter && <GameCharacter />}

    );
}

Is there anything I'm missing or doing wrong?
Thanks!

A: You have to pass the callback function directly as prop. Also, wrap the callback with the useCallback hook for better performance.
import React, { useState, useCallback } from "react";
import GameDungeon from "../App";
import GameCharacter from "../Character/App";

const Admin = () => {

    const [showDungeon, setDungeon] = useState(false);
    const [showCharacter, setCharacter] = useState(false);

    const handleCharacterClick = useCallback(e => setDungeon(false) || setCharacter(true));
    const handleDungeonClick = useCallback(e => setCharacter(false) || setDungeon(true));

    return (

                            Game Dungeon

                            Game Character

                {showDungeon && <GameDungeon />}

                {showCharacter && <GameCharacter />}

    );
}

A: There are couple of issues with your code. What you can do to get around this problem is by making following changes:
import React, { useState } from "react";

import GameDungeon from "../App";
import GameCharacter from "../Character/App";

function Admin(){
    const [showDungeon, setDungeon] = useState(false);
    const [showCharacter, setCharacter] = useState(false);

    function handleCharacterClick(){
      setDungeon(false);
      setCharacter(true);
    }

    function handleDungeonClick() {
     setCharacter(false);
     setDungeon(true);
    }

    return (

                            Game Dungeon

                            Game Character

                {!!showDungeon && <GameDungeon />}

                {!!showCharacter && <GameCharacter />}

    );
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Ivan deJesus Valle Velazquez (born 6 January 1980) is a Mexican former professional boxer who competed from 1997 to 2010. He's the former WBC Mundo Hispano featherweight champion.

Professional career
In June 2001, Ivan beat the veteran Jose Luis Mendoza by T.K.O. to win the Mexican National super featherweight title.

On February 28, 2003 Valle lost to Humberto Soto at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas.

References

External links

Boxers from Sinaloa
Sportspeople from Los Mochis
Lightweight boxers
1980 births
Living people
Mexican male boxers


The loan will be secured by export contracts and guarantees of 35% of the shares of the enterprise. This was announced by Head of Russian Sberbank German Gref at a meeting with Prime Minister Vladimir Putin on Friday.
Since the growth of public debt is currently not feasible, the government bets on the growth of corporate debt. The loan is issued on the condition of export contracts of Belaruskali, the only sustainable and stable generator of the foreign currency earnings in Belarus. The issue is that the loan needs to be repaid otherwise, 35% of the stakes of the enterprise will be given away for $ 2 billion only, which is times less than previously projected amounts. Therefore this loan is not a victory, rather a failure of the President to find cheap loans.


M2Crowd, is a collective funding platform where you can invest in real estate based in Mexico City. The company's partners have 25 years of experience in the real estate sector. M2Crowd, like any real estate crowdfunding platform, allows you to invest in projects published on the platform.
Investments in real estate, before the crowdfunding, were financed by a small group of people who have large amounts of money and a long period for return on investment. However, M2Crowd allows access to small and medium investors interested in having a real estate investment portfolio. Its efforts focus on democratizing the market with a minimum capital (in general) of $25,000 MXN ($1,250 USD); although it has some investment opportunities of $5,000 MXN ($250 USD) and thereby expanding the target market.
The law for financial technology institutions (Fintech) in Mexico has already been approved. Now the platforms have to comply with the legislation. M2Crowd is in the process of obtaining its license so the platform is operational and within the legal framework. The partners expect to have during this year.
The real estate developments are chosen through a rigorous methodology audited by Deloitte, in addition to an analysis by Baker McKenzie of each project to assure all investors that the investment is viable. And added to that the guarantee of the investment is backed by a property. In addition, the investments entered directly into a trust, who will manage the resources and then deliver to the developer (builder).
Once the investor creates his profile in M2crowd you will have control of all your investments at all times. Giving tranquility to investors by the simple, safe and transparent way to have the investments in your control.
The rates of return achieved by M2Crowd through real estate assets is really attractive compared to traditional investments, while M2Crowd generates average yields of 18% while banks have an average of less than 6%.
M2Crowd has different investment models: traditional debt or equity, the latter has a higher percentage of return on your investment because it carries greater risks. The debt model has average rates of 13% or 14%, being a debt with a fixed term and having a real guarantee is very attractive because the risks are practically nil. Investments in real estate projects with an equity scheme the return can reach 24%, although there is a risk that the property is not sold, has flaws, or any factor that may cause the capital to lose.
The interest generated by M2Crowd ranks third worldwide and first nationally. In general they have a wide range of investment products that are financed in an average of 5-8 weeks. As of today they have closed 33 projects with a total of $84,000,000 MXN ($4,270,000 USD).
Are you considering M2CROWD but still have unanswered questions? Or maybe you are a seasoned M2CROWD investor, and you have a clear picture of the platform? Go ahead and post your questions or opinions below!


Datça is a district of Muğla Province in south-west Turkey, and the center town of the district. The center is situated midway through the peninsula which carries the same name as the district and the town (Datça Peninsula).
The extreme end of the western tip of the district and the peninsula, the locality called Tekir, is the location of the ancient city of Knidos. There is an ongoing debate on whether or not this location was the original site of the ancient city, a number of sources claiming that until the mid-4th century BCE, Knidos was halfway along the peninsula, near the present-day district center.
Seen as one of the seven wonders of the World, the architecture of ''The Alexander's Lantern '' the great ''Sostratos'' lived here.


text:
- [Introduction](#introduction)
    - [Changelog](Changelog.md)
- [Contributing](#contributing)
- [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Commands](#Commands)
- [Environments](#environments)
- [References](#environments)

# Introduction

This is a project to put in practice some of my new skills, using Python + Docker. The main goal is provide a simple, scalable and reusable API with Python.
When the API is up, it's possible to compare two different JSON and see what's the main difference.

# Contributing

If you find this project useful here's how you can help:

- Send a Pull Request with your awesome new features and bug fixes
- Help new users with they may encounter
- Support the development of this project sharing in your social media.

# Prerequisites

You need to install Docker and Docker Compose in your machine. If you don't know how to do this, see this links:
- [Official Docker Documents](http://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/)
- [Official Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/)

Your docker host needs to have 1GB or more of available RAM to run.

# Installation

You don't need to install Python or any other dependencies. All the project needs to work, it's inside Docker containers. So, don't worry about that.
After install Docker/Compose on your machine, you need to setup the project dependencies with Docker. To do that, clone this project, go inside the main folder and run:

```bash
make setup-project
```
__NOTE__: Please allow a couple of minutes for the first setup. Docker will take care of all dependencies to project. Next time the setup will be fast, because Docker will use the cache mecanism.

# Commands

Above, you can see the principal commands to use this solution:

- To stop all services, just run:
```bash
make stop
```

- To start API and Postgres, run:
```bash
make run
```

- If you need to recreate the Database, run:
```bash
make create-database
```
PS - Database is already created in the setup-projet step.

- Any changes in the code, requires the rebuild. To build the solution, run:
```bash
make build-api
```

After run "make run" command, you should have the applications up and ready for testing.

# Environments

| *Environment* | *Link* | *Credentials* |
| ------------- | ------------- | ------------- |
| API Left Side | http://${localhost}:5000/v1/diff/[ID]/left | no login required |
| API Right Side | http://${localhost}:5000/v1/diff/[ID]/right | no login required |
| API Diff Result | http://${localhost}:5000/v1/diff/[ID]/ | no login required |
| Postgres | http://${localhost}:5432 | postgres/postgres |

# References
- [Python](https://www.python.org/)
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com/)
- [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/)
- [Make](https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/cpp/gcc_make.html)
- [Flask RESTFul](http://flask-restful.readthedocs.io/en/0.3.5/)
- [SQLAlchemy](http://www.sqlalchemy.org/)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A Sense of Melancholy
I have been trying to write this piece for close to an hour now and haven't managed to get going. It's one of those days.
A dull and a dark morning in Mumbai has turned into a dull and dark afternoon, and the words just won't flow.
A couple of cups of coffee haven't helped. Neither has a cup of kahwa, which happens to be the only Kashmiri thing in my regular daily life, despite my Kashmiri name.
There is a sense of melancholy that has hit me badly, and I just can't get rid of it. The fact that I am listening to the film songs sung by Jagjit Singh, while writing this, isn't exactly helping. (Melancholy is bad for work and the idea of making money for daily wage earners).
Scrolling through my Twitter feed today, a small newsitem caught my eye: "Rita Bhaduri dead". For those who know their Hindi cinema well, would know that Bhaduri was a character actor who acted in movies (and later TV serials) for more than four decades.
She first became famous for her role in the 1975 release Julie, where she played the role of the heroine's best friend, and appeared in many roles since then.
Dear Reader, you must be wondering by now, why I am reminiscing a veteran actor who wasn't really a star in any sense of the term, in a Diary, which is dedicated to writing on finance and economics, on most days. Allow me to explain.
A memory that remains etched in my mind is that of a film-poster I saw, sometime in the mid-1980s, on my way to school. This poster featured Rita Bhaduri, who died yesterday. I saw it in front of the Women's College (Science Block) in Ranchi, the city that I grew up in.
For some odd reason, this memory has stayed with me since then and I find myself thinking about it, now and then, particularly on rainy nights, which one gets dime a dozen, in the city that I currently live in.
Perhaps it reminds me of life, as it used to be. Simple and straight. No decisions to make. No worries about whether one's earning enough.
Or whether the landlord will renew the contract this year.
Or whether, this publication that I desperately want to write for, will let me write for them.
It reminds me of a life which had no insecurities.
Life was simple. One got up in the morning. Got ready. Went to school. Pretended to be in class, while dreaming about different things. Got caught talking and was made to stand up on the bench a few times (as my friend Adarsh loves to recall every time we meet).
Waiting for the games period at the end of it. Playing quizzes in the bus back home. Playing cricket with my colony friends, once I was back home.
Coming back home. Pretending to study for an hour, which was followed by dinner in front of the television with one TV channel. And one was in bed by 10pm.
Things were rather straightforward back then.
(The other crazy thing that I remember over and over again, is that of the cricketer Venkatesh Prasad, bowling a slow leg cutter).
Getting back to Rita Bhaduri and the poster that I saw. As I remember it, the poster was for a film called Daku Rani Himmat Waali, in which Bhaduri played the role of a dacoit. It turns out that Bhaduri never acted in a film of that name.
Is my memory playing tricks here? I don't know. Perhaps it is. We all remember some version of what happened, and not necessarily what happened. The same seems to be happening to me right now as I write this. (If you are the kind who loves to read literature, do try reading The Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes, which basically deals with this concept).
But Bhaduri did act in a film called Phoolan Devi (in Bangla), which as Wikipedia tells me, released in 1985. It was also released in Hindi with the title Kahani Phoolwati Ki.
On the other hand Daku Rani Himmat Waali, was a film that released in 1984. Perhaps, I am mixing up things here. But that is really not the point.
As we live and grow old, there is a world that gets created around us. Or a world that we create around us. A world of books, cinema, music, poetry, people, friends, relatives, parents, siblings, events and so on. And gradually as time passes, this world that we get used to living in, gradually gets destroyed, as we continue to live in it.
We forget the books we read.
The cinema we liked gets outdated, doesn't fit the present context (try watching the
Amitabh Bachchan hits from the eighties, films like Coolie, Mard, Inquilab).
The same stands true for a lot of music we grow up hearing. Some of the music I loved in the eighties and the nineties, right from songs like Jumma Chumma De De to the music of movies like Dance Dance and Kasam Paida Karne Waale Ki, I am truly ashamed of now.
But I guess that is a journey one has to take. One cannot start appreciating Akhtari Bai Faizabadi (Begum Akhtar) or Pandit Bhimsen Joshi, from day one. One has to listen to a lot of rubbish before one comes to appreciate their music.
Events that happened become irrelevant (wonder how many of us remember the one day when Shivlings across the country drank milk). Friends move on. Siblings get a life of their own.
And people die, all the time. Our idols die. Our parents die. Our relatives die. And people who gave our lives a sense of life and perhaps even a sense of some meaning, also die. But we carry on living, moving towards the only truth in life.
The world that we live and create around us, is also gradually destroyed around us. This includes the memories of actors, singers, writers, etc., who one has liked and/or remembered over the years. Every time, one of them dies, a part of us is destroyed.
But that's how things are. Time waits for no one. Things change and things will keep changing. There are no constants in life, even though time and again we are tricked into thinking that this time is different. The trouble is, it never is.
The poet Shahryar put it best when he said: "har mulakat ka anjam judai kyon hai, ab to har waqt yahi baat satati hai hamen."
PS: For everyone who was expecting yet another column on economics and finance filled with data, my apologies. We will get back to all that and much more, in the next issue of the Diary.
The column was originally published in Equitymaster on July 18, 2018.
Categories Equitymaster, Vivek Kaul's Diary


Stay in a private cabin with a porch and beautiful views just 6 miles from GMHA. The cabin sleeps four comfortably. It has a newly renovated kitchen and bath and a washer & dryer. Stalls are also available and the cabin is on the GMHA trail system. Breakfast upon request.


This year's Young Entomologists' Day takes place at Selborne, in Hampshire, where Gilbert White - regarded as 'the father of ecology' - was Rector of the parish in the 18th century.
This event is primarily for young entomologists who would like to give a talk about entomology or related subject, but you can also attend if you only want to listen. Please see the attachments on the event page on the AES website (www.amentsoc.org) for more details of the talks.
Talk about Gilbert White by Louise Brazier.
Talks by Bug Club members.
Visit to the House & Museum (free).
If there's time and the weather's fine...we can also go bug hunting at the FSC Centre!


text:
Honda is working on a new compact SUV based on the City
It looks like the CR-V and HR-V will soon have a new baby brother.
Joey Deriquito on Apr 09, 2020
You are here: Home Latest Stories News Honda is working on a new compact SUV based on the City
Back in 2019 Honda released a concept car called the X-NV, it was a small compact SUV that came with an electric powerplant which debut at the Shanghai Auto Show. Entering 2020, however, it looks like the Japanese brand wants to make a production version of the concept car but without the electric powertrain. According to reports, the new vehicle will be slotting directly under the HR-V and will be based on the new Honda City platform. While no release dates and official photos were mentioned, if reports from 2019 are correct then the Japanese brand should already be working on the vehicle with a debut to come soon. The Japanese brand is also rumored to be working on the next generation of the HR-V and an additional crossover SUV that will be placed above it in the lineup.
The new compact SUV is rumored to measure in at about four meters long and will take on the likes of the Ford Ecosport, and the Suzuki Vitara. Design-wise, it will also share in the brand's design language so expect the vehicle to have a similar front end to that of its siblings the Civic and Accord. Since it is rumored to share the same parts as the City, and as such, expect the same interior trimmings to be carried over into the new vehicle.
Power options for the new vehicle still remain unknown but there are likely options. The first option is a 1.5-liter naturally aspirated engine. This engine currently powers the BR-V and Mobilio and could be well suited to power the new compact SUV. Another option is the new City's 1.0-liter turbocharged engine which would not only give the vehicle more torque but more power, as well as the 1.0-liter, is said to be capable of 122hp and 173 Nm of torque. While the initial two options are gasoline-powered a diesel engine is also available coming in a 1.5-liter form factor.
With the all-new Honda City still far from Philippine shores, it might take a while for the new vehicle based on the subcompact sedan to be released in the country. But we will keep you up to date with more news about Honda's up and coming new compact SUV.
Honda confirms all-new HR-V to debut this February 18, 2021 Honda Cars Philippines, Inc. reopens Fairview dealership All-new 2021 Honda HR-V to debut on March 2021 Honda S2000 could possibly make a comeback by 2024 The Honda City hatchback is also available with a Modulo kit
Hyundai releases teaser photos of its Bayon crossover / News
Bryan Aaron Rivera · Jan 21, 2021
It will be available in Europe during the first half of 2021.
Possible front bumper of the all-new Toyota 86 revealed in design trademark / News
Could this possibly be its frontend?
DPWH Sec. Villar says the NLEX SLEX connector will open in 2021 / News
Trucks will soon have an easier time heading north or south thanks to the NLEX SLEX connector.


text:
//Switch to the appropriate trace level
#define TRACE_LEVEL IPV6_TRACE_LEVEL

//Dependencies
#include "core/net.h"
#include "core/ip.h"
#include "ipv6/ipv6.h"
#include "ipv6/ipv6_frag.h"
#include "ipv6/icmpv6.h"
#include "debug.h"

//Check TCP/IP stack configuration
#if (IPV6_SUPPORT == ENABLED && IPV6_FRAG_SUPPORT == ENABLED)

//Tick counter to handle periodic operations
systime_t ipv6FragTickCounter;

/**
 * @brief Fragment IPv6 datagram into smaller packets
 * @param[in] interface Underlying network interface
 * @param[in] pseudoHeader IPv6 pseudo header
 * @param[in] payload Multi-part buffer containing the payload
 * @param[in] payloadOffset Offset to the first payload byte
 * @param[in] hopLimit Hop Limit value
 * @return Error code
 **/

error_t ipv6FragmentDatagram(NetInterface *interface, Ipv6PseudoHeader *pseudoHeader,
   const NetBuffer *payload, size_t payloadOffset, uint8_t hopLimit)
{
   error_t error;
   uint32_t id;
   size_t offset;
   size_t length;
   size_t payloadLength;
   size_t fragmentOffset;
   size_t maxFragmentSize;
   NetBuffer *fragment;

   //Identification field is used to identify fragments of an original IP datagram
   id = osAtomicInc32(&interface->ipv6Identification);

   //Retrieve the length of the payload
   payloadLength = netBufferGetLength(payload) - payloadOffset;

   //Allocate a memory buffer to hold IP fragments
   fragment = ipAllocBuffer(0, &fragmentOffset);
   //Failed to allocate memory?
   if(!fragment)
      return ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

   //Maximum payload size for fragmented packets
   maxFragmentSize = interface->ipv6Config.mtu -
      (sizeof(Ipv6Header) + sizeof(Ipv6FragmentHeader));

   //The size shall be a multiple of 8-byte blocks
   maxFragmentSize -= (maxFragmentSize % 8);

   //Split the payload into multiple IP fragments
   for(offset = 0; offset < payloadLength; offset += length)
   {
      //Flush the contents of the fragment
      error = netBufferSetLength(fragment, fragmentOffset);
      //Sanity check
      if(error) break;

      //Process the last fragment?
      if((payloadLength - offset) <= maxFragmentSize)
      {
         //Size of the current fragment
         length = payloadLength - offset;
         //Copy fragment data
         netBufferConcat(fragment, payload, payloadOffset + offset, length);

         //Do not set the MF flag for the last fragment
         error = ipv6SendPacket(interface, pseudoHeader, id,
            offset, fragment, fragmentOffset, hopLimit);
      }
      else
      {
         //Size of the current fragment (must be a multiple of 8-byte blocks)
         length = maxFragmentSize;
         //Copy fragment data
         netBufferConcat(fragment, payload, payloadOffset + offset, length);

         //Fragmented packets must have the M flag set
         error = ipv6SendPacket(interface, pseudoHeader, id,
            offset | IPV6_FLAG_M, fragment, fragmentOffset, hopLimit);
      }

      //Failed to send current IP fragment?
      if(error) break;
   }

   //Free previously allocated memory
   netBufferFree(fragment);
   //Return status code
   return error;
}

/**
 * @brief Parse Fragment header and reassemble original datagram
 * @param[in] interface Underlying network interface
 * @param[in] buffer Multi-part buffer containing the incoming IPv6 packet
 * @param[in] fragHeaderOffset Offset to the Fragment header
 * @param[in] nextHeaderOffset Offset to the Next Header field of the previous header
 **/

void ipv6ParseFragmentHeader(NetInterface *interface, const NetBuffer *buffer,
   size_t fragHeaderOffset, size_t nextHeaderOffset)
{
   error_t error;
   size_t length;
   uint16_t offset;
   uint16_t dataFirst;
   uint16_t dataLast;
   Ipv6FragDesc *frag;
   Ipv6HoleDesc *hole;
   Ipv6HoleDesc *prevHole;
   Ipv6Header *packet;
   Ipv6FragmentHeader *header;

   //Remaining bytes to process in the payload
   length = netBufferGetLength(buffer) - fragHeaderOffset;

   //Ensure the fragment header is valid
   if(length < sizeof(Ipv6FragmentHeader))
      return;

   //Point to the IPv6 header
   packet = netBufferAt(buffer, 0);
   //Sanity check
   if(!packet) return;

   //Point to the IPv6 Fragment header
   header = netBufferAt(buffer, fragHeaderOffset);
   //Sanity check
   if(!header) return;

   //Calculate the length of the fragment
   length -= sizeof(Ipv6FragmentHeader);
   //Convert the fragment offset from network byte order
   offset = ntohs(header->fragmentOffset);

   //Every fragment except the last must contain a multiple of 8 bytes of data
   if((offset & IPV6_FLAG_M) && (length % 8))
   {
      //Compute the offset of the Payload Length field within the packet
      size_t n = (uint8_t *) &packet->payloadLength - (uint8_t *) packet;

      //The fragment must be discarded and an ICMP Parameter Problem
      //message should be sent to the source of the fragment, pointing
      //to the Payload Length field of the fragment packet
      icmpv6SendErrorMessage(interface, ICMPV6_TYPE_PARAM_PROBLEM,
         ICMPV6_CODE_INVALID_HEADER_FIELD, n, buffer);

      //Exit immediately
      return;
   }

   //Calculate the index of the first byte
   dataFirst = offset & IPV6_OFFSET_MASK;
   //Calculate the index immediately following the last byte
   dataLast = dataFirst + length;

   //Search for a matching IP datagram being reassembled
   frag = ipv6SearchFragQueue(interface, packet, header);
   //No matching entry in the reassembly queue?
   if(!frag) return;

   //The very first fragment requires special handling
   if(!(offset & IPV6_OFFSET_MASK))
   {
      uint8_t *p;

      //Calculate the length of the unfragmentable part
      frag->unfragPartLength = fragHeaderOffset;

      //The size of the reconstructed datagram exceeds the maximum value?
      if((frag->unfragPartLength + frag->fragPartLength) > IPV6_MAX_FRAG_DATAGRAM_SIZE)
      {
         //Compute the offset of the Fragment Offset field within the packet
         size_t n = fragHeaderOffset + (uint8_t *) &header->fragmentOffset -
            (uint8_t *) header;

         //The fragment must be discarded and an ICMP Parameter Problem
         //message should be sent to the source of the fragment, pointing
         //to the Fragment Offset field of the fragment packet
         icmpv6SendErrorMessage(interface, ICMPV6_TYPE_PARAM_PROBLEM,
            ICMPV6_CODE_INVALID_HEADER_FIELD, n, buffer);

         //Drop any allocated resources
         netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, 0);
         //Exit immediately
         return;
      }

      //Make sure the unfragmentable part entirely fits in the first chunk
      if(frag->unfragPartLength > frag->buffer.chunk[0].size)
      {
         //Drop the reconstructed datagram
         netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, 0);
         //Exit immediately
         return;
      }

      //Fix the length of the first chunk
      frag->buffer.chunk[0].length = frag->unfragPartLength;

      //The unfragmentable part of the reassembled packet consists
      //of all headers up to, but not including, the Fragment header
      //of the first fragment packet
      netBufferCopy((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, 0, buffer, 0, frag->unfragPartLength);

      //Point to the Next Header field of the last header
      p = netBufferAt((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, nextHeaderOffset);

      //The Next Header field of the last header of the unfragmentable
      //part is obtained from the Next Header field of the first
      //fragment's Fragment header
      *p = header->nextHeader;
   }

   //It may be necessary to increase the size of the buffer...
   if(dataLast > frag->fragPartLength)
   {
      //The size of the reconstructed datagram exceeds the maximum value?
      if((frag->unfragPartLength + dataLast) > IPV6_MAX_FRAG_DATAGRAM_SIZE)
      {
         //Compute the offset of the Fragment Offset field within the packet
         size_t n = fragHeaderOffset + (uint8_t *) &header->fragmentOffset - (uint8_t *) header;

         //The fragment must be discarded and an ICMP Parameter Problem
         //message should be sent to the source of the fragment, pointing
         //to the Fragment Offset field of the fragment packet
         icmpv6SendErrorMessage(interface, ICMPV6_TYPE_PARAM_PROBLEM,
            ICMPV6_CODE_INVALID_HEADER_FIELD, n, buffer);

         //Drop any allocated resources
         netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, 0);
         //Exit immediately
         return;
      }

      //Adjust the size of the reconstructed datagram
      error = netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer,
         frag->unfragPartLength + dataLast + sizeof(Ipv6HoleDesc));

      //Any error to report?
      if(error)
      {
         //Drop the reconstructed datagram
         netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, 0);
         //Exit immediately
         return;
      }

      //Actual length of the fragmentable part
      frag->fragPartLength = dataLast;
   }

   //Select the first hole descriptor from the list
   hole = ipv6FindHole(frag, frag->firstHole);
   //Keep track of the previous hole in the list
   prevHole = NULL;

   //Iterate through the hole descriptors
   while(hole != NULL)
   {
      //Save lower and upper boundaries for later use
      uint16_t holeFirst = hole->first;
      uint16_t holeLast = hole->last;

      //Check whether the newly arrived fragment
      //interacts with this hole in some way
      if(dataFirst < holeLast && dataLast > holeFirst)
      {
         //The current descriptor is no longer valid. We will destroy
         //it, and in the next two steps, we will determine whether
         //or not it is necessary to create any new hole descriptors
         if(prevHole != NULL)
            prevHole->next = hole->next;
         else
            frag->firstHole = hole->next;

         //Is there still a hole at the beginning of the segment?
         if(dataFirst > holeFirst)
         {
            //Create a new entry that describes this hole
            hole = ipv6FindHole(frag, holeFirst);
            hole->first = holeFirst;
            hole->last = dataFirst;

            //Insert the newly created entry into the hole descriptor list
            if(prevHole != NULL)
            {
               hole->next = prevHole->next;
               prevHole->next = hole->first;
            }
            else
            {
               hole->next = frag->firstHole;
               frag->firstHole = hole->first;
            }

            //Always keep track of the previous hole
            prevHole = hole;
         }

         //Is there still a hole at the end of the segment?
         if(dataLast < holeLast && (offset & IPV6_FLAG_M))
         {
            //Create a new entry that describes this hole
            hole = ipv6FindHole(frag, dataLast);
            hole->first = dataLast;
            hole->last = holeLast;

            //Insert the newly created entry into the hole descriptor list
            if(prevHole != NULL)
            {
               hole->next = prevHole->next;
               prevHole->next = hole->first;
            }
            else
            {
               hole->next = frag->firstHole;
               frag->firstHole = hole->first;
            }

            //Always keep track of the previous hole
            prevHole = hole;
         }
      }
      else
      {
         //The newly arrived fragment does not interact with the current hole
         prevHole = hole;
      }

      //Select the next hole descriptor from the list
      hole = ipv6FindHole(frag, prevHole ? prevHole->next : frag->firstHole);
   }

   //Copy data from the fragment to the reassembly buffer
   netBufferCopy((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, frag->unfragPartLength + dataFirst,
      buffer, fragHeaderOffset + sizeof(Ipv6FragmentHeader), length);

   //Dump hole descriptor list
   ipv6DumpHoleList(frag);

   //If the hole descriptor list is empty, the reassembly process is now complete
   if(!ipv6FindHole(frag, frag->firstHole))
   {
      //Discard the extra hole descriptor that follows the reconstructed datagram
      error = netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer,
         frag->unfragPartLength + frag->fragPartLength);

      //Check status code
      if(!error)
      {
         //Point to the IPv6 header
         Ipv6Header *datagram = netBufferAt((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, 0);

         //Fix the Payload Length field
         datagram->payloadLength = htons(frag->unfragPartLength +
            frag->fragPartLength - sizeof(Ipv6Header));

         //Pass the original IPv6 datagram to the higher protocol layer
         ipv6ProcessPacket(interface, (NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer);
      }

      //Release previously allocated memory
      netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, 0);
   }
}

/**
 * @brief Fragment reassembly timeout handler
 *
 * This routine must be periodically called by the TCP/IP stack to
 * handle IPv6 fragment reassembly timeout
 *
 * @param[in] interface Underlying network interface
 **/

void ipv6FragTick(NetInterface *interface)
{
   error_t error;
   uint_t i;
   systime_t time;
   Ipv6HoleDesc *hole;

   //Acquire exclusive access to the reassembly queue
   osAcquireMutex(&interface->ipv6FragQueueMutex);

   //Get current time
   time = osGetSystemTime();

   //Loop through the reassembly queue
   for(i = 0; i < IPV6_MAX_FRAG_DATAGRAMS; i++)
   {
      //Point to the current entry in the reassembly queue
      Ipv6FragDesc *frag = &interface->ipv6FragQueue[i];

      //Make sure the entry is currently in use
      if(frag->buffer.chunkCount > 0)
      {
         //If the timer runs out, the partially-reassembled datagram must be
         //discarded and ICMPv6 Time Exceeded message sent to the source host
         if((time - frag->timestamp) >= IPV6_FRAG_TIME_TO_LIVE)
         {
            //Debug message
            TRACE_INFO("IPv6 fragment reassembly timeout...\r\n");
            //Dump IP header contents for debugging purpose
            ipv6DumpHeader(frag->buffer.chunk[0].address);

            //Point to the first hole descriptor
            hole = ipv6FindHole(frag, frag->firstHole);

            //Make sure the fragment zero has been received
            //before sending an ICMPv6 message
            if(hole != NULL && hole->first > 0)
            {
               //Fix the size of the reconstructed datagram
               error = netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer,
                  frag->unfragPartLength + hole->first);

               //Check status code
               if(!error)
               {
                  //Send an ICMPv6 Time Exceeded message
                  icmpv6SendErrorMessage(interface, ICMPV6_TYPE_TIME_EXCEEDED,
                     ICMPV6_CODE_REASSEMBLY_TIME_EXCEEDED, 0, (NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer);
               }
            }

            //Drop the partially reconstructed datagram
            netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, 0);
         }
      }
   }

   //Release exclusive access to the reassembly queue
   osReleaseMutex(&interface->ipv6FragQueueMutex);
}

/**
 * @brief Search for a matching datagram in the reassembly queue
 * @param[in] interface Underlying network interface
 * @param[in] packet Incoming IPv6 packet
 * @param[in] header Pointer to the Fragment header
 * @return Matching fragment descriptor
 **/

Ipv6FragDesc *ipv6SearchFragQueue(NetInterface *interface,
   Ipv6Header *packet, Ipv6FragmentHeader *header)
{
   error_t error;
   uint_t i;
   Ipv6Header *datagram;
   Ipv6FragDesc *frag;
   Ipv6HoleDesc *hole;

   //Search for a matching IP datagram being reassembled
   for(i = 0; i < IPV6_MAX_FRAG_DATAGRAMS; i++)
   {
      //Point to the current entry in the reassembly queue
      frag = &interface->ipv6FragQueue[i];

      //Check whether the current entry is used?
      if(frag->buffer.chunkCount > 0)
      {
         //Point to the corresponding datagram
         datagram = netBufferAt((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, 0);

         //Check source and destination addresses
         if(!ipv6CompAddr(&datagram->srcAddr, &packet->srcAddr))
            continue;
         if(!ipv6CompAddr(&datagram->destAddr, &packet->destAddr))
            continue;
         //Compare fragment identification fields
         if(frag->identification != header->identification)
            continue;

         //A matching entry has been found in the reassembly queue
         return frag;
      }
   }

   //If the current packet does not match an existing entry
   //in the reassembly queue, then create a new entry
   for(i = 0; i < IPV6_MAX_FRAG_DATAGRAMS; i++)
   {
      //Point to the current entry in the reassembly queue
      frag = &interface->ipv6FragQueue[i];

      //The current entry is free?
      if(!frag->buffer.chunkCount)
      {
         //Number of chunks that comprise the reassembly buffer
         frag->buffer.maxChunkCount = arraysize(frag->buffer.chunk);

         //Allocate sufficient memory to hold the IPv6 header and
         //the first hole descriptor
         error = netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer,
            NET_MEM_POOL_BUFFER_SIZE + sizeof(Ipv6HoleDesc));

         //Failed to allocate memory?
         if(error)
         {
            //Clean up side effects
            netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, 0);
            //Exit immediately
            return NULL;
         }

         //Initial length of the reconstructed datagram
         frag->unfragPartLength = sizeof(Ipv6Header);
         frag->fragPartLength = 0;

         //Fix the length of the first chunk
         frag->buffer.chunk[0].length = frag->unfragPartLength;
         //Copy IPv6 header from the incoming fragment
         netBufferWrite((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, 0, packet, frag->unfragPartLength);

         //Save current time
         frag->timestamp = osGetSystemTime();
         //Record fragment identification field
         frag->identification = header->identification;
         //Create a new entry in the hole descriptor list
         frag->firstHole = 0;

         //Point to first hole descriptor
         hole = ipv6FindHole(frag, frag->firstHole);
         //The entry describes the datagram as being completely missing
         hole->first = 0;
         hole->last = IPV6_INFINITY;
         hole->next = IPV6_INFINITY;

         //Dump hole descriptor list
         ipv6DumpHoleList(frag);

         //Return the matching fragment descriptor
         return frag;
      }
   }

   //The reassembly queue is full
   return NULL;
}

/**
 * @brief Flush IPv6 reassembly queue
 * @param[in] interface Underlying network interface
 **/

void ipv6FlushFragQueue(NetInterface *interface)
{
   uint_t i;

   //Acquire exclusive access to the reassembly queue
   osAcquireMutex(&interface->ipv6FragQueueMutex);

   //Loop through the reassembly queue
   for(i = 0; i < IPV6_MAX_FRAG_DATAGRAMS; i++)
   {
      //Drop any partially reconstructed datagram
      netBufferSetLength((NetBuffer *) &interface->ipv6FragQueue[i].buffer, 0);
   }

   //Release exclusive access to the reassembly queue
   osReleaseMutex(&interface->ipv6FragQueueMutex);
}

/**
 * @brief Retrieve hole descriptor
 * @param[in] frag IPv6 fragment descriptor
 * @param[in] offset Offset of the hole
 * @return A pointer to the hole descriptor is returned if the
 *   specified offset is valid. Otherwise NULL is returned
 **/

Ipv6HoleDesc *ipv6FindHole(Ipv6FragDesc *frag, uint16_t offset)
{
   //Return a pointer to the hole descriptor
   return netBufferAt((NetBuffer *) &frag->buffer, frag->unfragPartLength + offset);
}

/**
 * @brief Dump hole descriptor list
 * @param[in] frag IPv6 fragment descriptor
 **/

void ipv6DumpHoleList(Ipv6FragDesc *frag)
{
//Check debugging level
#if (TRACE_LEVEL >= TRACE_LEVEL_DEBUG)
   Ipv6HoleDesc *hole;

   //Debug message
   TRACE_DEBUG("Hole descriptor list:\r\n");
   //Select the first hole descriptor from the list
   hole = ipv6FindHole(frag, frag->firstHole);

   //Loop through the hole descriptor list
   while(hole != NULL)
   {
      //Display current hole
      TRACE_DEBUG("  %" PRIu16 " - %" PRIu16 "\r\n", hole->first, hole->last);
      //Select the next hole descriptor from the list
      hole = ipv6FindHole(frag, hole->next);
   }
#endif
}

#endif


'Detective Case and Clown Bot in: The Express Killer' to Mark the Return of the World's Worst Detective… Soon!
Get ready to annoy passengers aboard the express train from Lisbon to Porto by questioning them, going through their belongings, spending way too much time at the bar, and being a generally incompetent nuisance. Might seem like a rather odd way to go about solving a murder mystery, but it isn't; not for Detective Case and Clown Bot in: The Express Killer's protagonists anyway. Wouldn't hold my breath for a culprit actually caught, but who needs justice when you can have hilarity?
That said… the uncanny duo do need to hurry up if they want to actually, you know, catch the killer, because once the train reach the final station, that's it. Everyone gets off, and the killer disappears; until he/she/it strikes again. And again. And again. Doesn't help that Detective Case, aka. the world worst detective, is stuck with a sidekick – Clown Bot – who'd rather be working as a circus clown. Worst sidekick, worst detective – what a team!
On top of that, how about some lovely 256×192 resolution for the entire experience? How did they fit an entire train full of peop– oh wait, that's not how pixels work. Right. Anyway, once you're done catching 'The Express Killer', it's time to… tackle three additional cases! As the same two absolutely incompetent would-be detectives of course, because why mess with perfection?
Detective Case and Clown Bot in: The Express Killer will be available from Steam, early 2018.


This probably goes without saying and won't be belabored here, but burning biofuels, which are mostly hydrogen and carbon, produces carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming. So, even though biofuels may be able to help ease our energy needs, they won't solve all of our problems.
Now, it may be true that biofuels produce LESS GHG emissions that fossil fuels, but that can only serve to slow global warming and not to stop or reverse it. Thus, biofuels can only be substitutes for the short term as we invest in other technologies. The key to implementing them is to mitigate environmental impact by being mindful of the drawbacks discussed in this article.
The carbon debt occurs when carbon dioxide is released in the preparation of land for the growth of biofuels. The level of debt acquired depends on the land itself. For instance, converting abandoned agricultural land requires fewer resources and amasses a very small carbon debt. In this case, the reduction in carbon emissions from using biofuels, provided the feedstock has a low requirement for water and energy input, will easily offset the carbon debt in a short period of time. Alternatively, converting native forest or other wild land for growing biofuels can we do a carbon debt as large as 500 years. In other words, the advantages of using biofuels won't offset the carbon death for five centuries.
The other important aspect of growing biofuels that must be kept in mind when calculating net environmental benefit, is the amount of energy that must be put into a given crop before energy can be derived from it. As it turns out, the majority of feedstock currently being considered for use in the production of biofuels requires that more energy be put in to production than can ever be derived. In other words, if the economy ran entirely on biofuels, we would slowly but surely run out of energy as the investment in feedstock would be greater than the energy that can be derived from harvesting it.
The problem lies in the fact that even biofuel feedstock require water, fertilizer, pesticides, and land preparation. Crops like corn and soybean require for more energy input as a result of these needs than could ever be derived from them. The only current alternative that appears viable is algae. The reason algae may work is that it can be grown in relatively high density with low needs for fertilizer and pesticide and with most of the energy input been derived from the sun. Of course, the potential for algae is theoretical. Current experimentation has shown that algae still requires more energy input and can be derived from harvesting it. The theoretical potential for algae lies in the assumption that genetic engineering will be able to overcome the limitations that algae currently demonstrate.