202. Killing unborn child - (1) Every one is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years who causes the death of any child that has not become a human being in such a manner that he would have been guilty of murder if the child had become a human being. (2) No one is guilty of any crime who before or during the birth of any child causes its death by means employed in good faith for the preservation of the life of the mother.
203. Procuring abortion by drug or instrument - (1) Every one is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years who, with intent to procure the miscarriage of any woman or girl, whether she is with child or not, (a) Unlawfully administers to or causes to be taken by her any poison or any drug or any noxious thing; or (b) Unlawfully uses on her any instrument. (2) The woman or girl shall not be charged as a party to an offence against this section.
not exceeding five years who, with intent to procure the miscarriage of any woman or girl, whether she is with child or not, unlawfully uses on her any means whatsoever, not being means to which section 203 of this Act applies. (2) The woman or girl shall not be charged as a party to an offence against this section.
205. Female procuring her own Miscarriage - Every woman or girl is liable to imprisonment exceeding three years who with intent to procure miscarriage, whether she is with child or not,- (a) Unlawfully administers to herself, or permits to be administered to her, any poison or any drug or any noxious thing; or (b) Unlawfully uses on herself, or permits to be used on her, any instrument; or (c) Unlawfully uses on herself, or permits to be used on her, any other means whatsoever.
206. Supplying means of procuring abortion - Everyone is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years who unlawfully supplies or procures any poison or any drug or any noxious thing, or any instrument or other thing, whether of a like nature or not, believing that it is intended to be unlawfully used to procure miscarriage. 207. Effectiveness of means used immaterial - The provisions of sections 203 to 206 of this Act shall apply whether or not the poison, drug, thing, instrument, or means administered, taken, used, supplied, or procured was in fact capable of procuring miscarriage.


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Hurst praises performance as Iron make it three wins in a row
@SUFCOfficial
Manager Paul Hurst praised his side after they made it three wins in a row in all competitions with a 2-1 home win over Port Vale.
Kevin van Veen and Kgosi Ntlhe scored the goals as United made it nine games unbeaten at the Sands Venue Stadium.
He told iFollow Iron: "It's great to get back-to-back wins in the league and we've moved up some more places in table. I was really, really pleased with the performance.
"We know it's results that matter but the only thing that probably doesn't reflect is the scoreline, which made it look a closer game. Not that there was a particular chance (for Port Vale late on), but everyone gets a bit on edge towards the end, with them having a corner and a free-kick, but if we'd have scored another couple of goals that wouldn't have been too harsh on our opponents today.
"We had people running forward, driving at the defenders and both wide players were a constant threat. Kev (van Veen), after a difficult start to the game, got his goal and that seemed to help his performance. He then had the free-kick that forced a really good save from the goalkeeper, while his deliveries from set-plays were really dangerous and he helped set up what proved to be the winning goal.
"Novs (Lee Novak) worked tirelessly yet again, and when you see someone working like that at the top end of the pitch like he does it's a great example to follow. The last two performances have seen a real work rate and discipline too in terms of shape, and we're starting to look a half-decent side. By no means am I saying we've cracked it but if we keep playing like we have done in the last two games then I have no doubt we'll pick up more wins and make everyone a lot happier than we probably were a couple of months ago."
Talking about the start to the game, he added: "If you look at the back four and what Jake (Eastwood) has had to do, I'm sure they will be a little bit disappointed that we haven't kept a clean sheet, but they capitalised on a mistake from ourselves. I thought we were still the better side but we needed more quality on the ball and to take more care in possession. We certainly did that in the second-half and we managed to raise the tempo."
When asked about Ntlhe's winner, Hurst added: "We needed someone to get that winning goal, though I'm not that interested in who gets it, but more in how he does defensively, and his quality on the ball. Today he showed his spring, and was up there for corners. He got in an area that matters for the goal, getting to the ball first and it's real competition in that left-back area. It was timely Kgosi coming back when he did and Junior (Brown) will probably, all being well, be available when we play in the league again (at Forest Green Rovers on December 7th). That's going to be a good battle for that positon."
He continued: "We have some tough games coming up with Forest Green away, Colchester at home, who I think are a good side and then a trip to our local rivals (Grimsby Town) before Christmas. We know we're going to have to be very good at Blackpool on Wednesday (in the Leasing.com Trophy second round) with the squad they have there but we'll go there looking to put in another good performance and go through."
Both Matthew Lund and Dave Worrall were shown straight red cards for an altercation following the final whistle, and Hurst concluded:"I wasn't sure what was happening in all honesty at the time, but I heard the noise to start with while shaking hands with some members of their backroom staff.
"I think it was instigated by the Port Vale player who put his head towards Lundy. I'm not sure, from what I've seen at least, that Lundy is really guilty. He was involved in an altercation as such but doesn't throw a punch or anything like that.
"We'll be looking at it with the relevant people at the club and decide whether to appeal. I think when you're put in a position like that, it's very difficult not to do what he's done. You have to protect yourself and that involves maybe grabbing hold of the other person at the same time.
"Hopefully, we can win that appeal because it would be some disruption to a team that's getting more settled, and it's an area of the pitch we know we're quite light in at the minute – albeit we will hopefully have some players back for the Forest Green game. It's his second sending-off and could be a lengthier ban."
See much more from Paul Hurst, Kevin van Veen and Kgosi Ntlhe on iFollow Iron. Click here to sign-up.
Scunthorpe United vs Port Vale on 23 Nov 19
Paul Hurst
Post-Match
Further Photos: Port Vale (H)
Steve Hope presents photos from the Iron's home clash against Port Vale.
Team news: Port Vale (H)
The Iron entered their home game against Port Vale naming an unchanged side from the one that won at Leyton Orient a week earlier.
📺 YouTube: Short Iron v Port Vale highlights
Short highlights from the Iron's 2-1 home win over Port Vale.
More Photos: Port Vale (H)
Luke Broughton presents photos from the Iron's 2-1 home win against Port Vale.
Eisa primed for return to action at Bradford
Forward Abo Eisa is looking forward to getting back to action after a week between fixtures for the first time since before the festive period.
Hurst provides update ahead of Bradford away clash
Manager Paul Hurst says the Iron are waiting on a number of players ahead of the away clash against Bradford City on Saturday.
Wilcox: Outstanding in terms of attitude and application
Under-23s manager Russ Wilcox was pleased to see his side recover from going behind to win 3-1 at Peterborough United in the Central League Cup group stages on Tuesday afternoon.
Butler looks to bounce back at Bradford
Andy Butler said the Iron need to take Saturday's result on the chin and look to bounce back at Bradford City this coming week, after a 2-1 defeat to Newport County at the Sands Venue Stadium on...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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This is a good quality scan of the service manual which includes an assembly diagram, block diagram, schematic, and parts list. Exactly what is needed to repair my KR-V55R receiver.
Yes Does a signal appear at (PIN71,72,73, 74,75,78,79,80) of IC700? No Check related circuit of IC700.
Does a signal appear at PIN1~30 of CN301 (LVDS output)?


Ximilar provides several services for computer vision, machine learning and similarity search. Each of the service has similar workflow when dealing with the API.
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At this point, this library covers only the Recognition (previously Vize.ai) , Generic Tagging, Fashion Tagging and Dominant Colors.
All API methods that work with image data can get either a URL to download the image from or a the actual binary image data encoded as Base64. Typically, the images are passed within JSON field records which contains a JSON array with the image records; each record must contain either field _url or _base64.


text:
Dakar 2021 Stage oneDakar.com
Dakar 2021 stage one report
Here's a lowdown on all the important action from stage one of the Dakar 2021 rally
Karan Ramgopal
Published on : 04 Jan, 2021 , 8:29 am
Stage one of the Dakar 2021 Rally kicked off on Sunday, January 3 2021 and it saw the participants make their way from Jeddah to Bisha, covering a total distance of 622km of which 277km consisted of the special stage. All teams/competitors who hope to take the lead and maintain will approach the initial stages with a lot of caution.
Dakar 2021 Stage one mapDakar.com
Dakar 2021 Stage one profileDakar.com
Erik Van Loon and Sébastien Delaunay of team Overdrive TotoyaDakar 2021- Car
Carlos Sainz and Lucas Cruze of the X-Raid Mini JCW Team were the first to finish the stage with a time of 03:05:00 hours. Stephane Peterhansel and Edouard Boulanger of the same team finished second, just 22 seconds behind Sainz and Cruze time. Martin Prokop and Viktor Chytka of the Benzina Orlen Team finished third fastest with a time of 03:09:42 hours.
Here's what Martin Prokop of the Benzina Orlen Team, had to say about stage one, "Today was hard, both because of the navigation and because of the stones. There were loads of them. But the car is performing well and I think we did rather well. I don't know if the result is going to change… but it ain't half bad."
Harith Noah of Sherco Rally Factory TeamDakar 2021 BIke
Toby Price, riding for the Red Bull KTM Factory team absolutely dominated stage one and finished with a time of 03:17:49 hours. In second place, 35 seconds slower than Price, was Kevin Benavides of the Monster Energy Honda Team. Third to finish fastest in the Bike category was Matthias Walkner again of the Red Bull KTM Factory Team with a time identical to Benavides at 03:18:24 hours.
Here's what Toby Price, Red Bull KTM Factory Team, said about stage one, "It's just the first stage, so today [was] quite difficult with the navigation. I got lost a little bit about seven kilometres from the finish. I took a little bit of time just trying to get back on track here. It's been a good, clean day for us. I think you're going to see a lot of chopping and changing in the standings in this race. You just got to stay calm and let it cruise along and make it work."
Italo Pedemonte of Yamaha Racing TeamDakar 2021 - Quad
Alexandre Giroud of Team Giroud was the fastest in stage one in the Quad category and finished with a time of 04:01:08 hours. Giovanni Enrico of Enrico Racing Team and Pablo Copetti of MX Devesa by Berta team finished second and third with a timing of 04:04:04 hours and 04:05:54 hours, respectively.
Alexandrre Giroud on dominating stage one, "The quad race was rather war-like today… It was a great stage! We got down to business. It was hard at the beginning because I was opening the road, so I got caught. You can see the dust trail of a quad from miles away. We then played cat and mouse for a bit. I was first across the line, but someone could end up posting a faster time."
Dmitry Sotnikov, Ruslan Akhmadeev and Igliz Akhmetzianov of team Kamaz-Master Dakar 2021 - Truck
Dmitry Sotnikov, Ruslan Akhmadeev and Igliz Akhmetzianov of team Kamaz-Master finished first with a time of 03:16:47 hours. Ales Loprais, Peter Pokora and Khalid Alkendi of team Instaforex Loprais Praga finished second with a time of 03:24:47. The third fastest time in the category at 03:24:59 hours belonged to Anton Shibalov, Dimitrii Nikitin and Ivan Tatarinov, again of the Kamaz-Master team.
Dmitry Sotnikov on finishing first at stage one, "It was a hard day for everybody. All day long in the dust. It was a nightmare because we drove among the cars and the bikes. There were also lots of trees and rocks..."
Seth Quintero and Dennis Zenz of Red Bull Off-Road Team USADakar 2021- Lightweight
Christina Gutierrez Herrero and Francois Cazalet of Red Bull Off-Road Team USA finished stage one with a time of 03:35:56 hours. Austin Jones and Gustavo Gugelmin of Monster Energy Can-Am team finished second with a time of 03:42:55 hours while Francisco Lopez Contardo and Juan Pablo Latrach Vinagre of South Racing Can-Am team finished third fastest with a time of 03:43:32 hours.
Cristina Gutierrez Herrero of the Red Bull Off-Road Team USA on her time, "We need to wait until the final results, but we're in the lead! It was a gruelling stage, but the navigation went smoothly thanks to François. It was even great, perfect. I'm delighted to do so well from stage 1. This wasn't my objective, I just wanted to maintain a consistent pace at a high yet safe speed. I once attended an FIA boot camp led by Jutta Kleinschmidt in Qatar. In a way, Jutta was my first teacher. I'm mighty proud to meet her again here and, especially, to see her take delight in my victory."
Santiago Navarro and Marc Sola Terradellas of Can-Am, FN Speed TeamDakar 2021 - SSV
Austin Jones and Gustavo Gugelmin of the Monster Energy Can-Am team finished the stage fastest with a time of 03:42:55 hours. Second was Francisco Lopez Contardo and Juan Pablo Latrach Vinagre of South Racing Can-Am team with a time of 03:43:32 hours. Aron Domzala and Maciej Justo of Monster Energy Can-Am finished third fastest with a time of 03:43:44 hours.
Here's what Kristen Matlock said about her maiden outing in Dakar, "It felt really good. I'm not sure how I did as a raw position, but I had fun. It was pretty much another shakedown for the car. I just wanted to make sure that we didn't have any issues so that we can show up and race tomorrow..."
Indian Riders
Harith Noah, riding as a privateer with the Sherco Rally Factory Team was the fastest Indian in stage one and finished 31 with a time of 03:53:44 hours. C S Santosh of Hero MotoSports Team Rally finished 42 with a time of 04:07:44 hours. Ashish Raorane, on his maiden Dakar rally whilst competing in the most difficult class i.e. the Malle Moto, finished 84 with a time of 06:08:37 hours.
Stay tuned for coverage of stage two which takes place today. The second stage of the Dakar 2021 Rally will see the competitors travel from Bisha to Wadi Ad-Dawasir for a total of 658 km of which 457 km is the special stage.
Follow our Instagram, Facebook and Twitter handles and our Motorsport section for regular updates on the 2021 Dakar Rally.
2021 dakar rally route
Dakar 2021 rally
Dakar 2021 Rally dates
Dakar 2021 Rally Routes
Dakar 2021 Stage one
Dakar 2021 Stage one Jeddah to Bisha


How can I see which student do not have their Ethnicity recorded?
Question: How can I see which student do not have their Ethnicity recorded?
Answer: Please go to Reporting>Reports>Students>Custom Report- in here tick Ethnicity and run the report. Once this is ran please click the Ethnicity header to sort into order groups together all the student who do no have this information on ScholarPack.


In this episode Gina speaks about bumps in the road over the course of recovery and healing from anxiety. Remembering to nurture ourselves and give ourselves the space we need to recover is important to our long term prospects for sustained recovery and well-being, especially during moments that seem like reversals in progress or like we are straying off course. Remembering to be compassionate for ourselves can help us complete the journey of clearing our anxiety-panic.


Bear Walker is a Native American Healer and Spiritualist, who has dedicated himself to his medical practice as well as to preserving the traditions and stories of his tribe, the Anishanabe. In his professional life as a practitioner of natural therapies, using herbs, homeopathy and all things natural, Bear has an extensive private practice, where he treats many individuals, including luminaries like, Alan Arkin, and Demi Moore. He also consults with traditional doctors on alternative approaches to healing, in some cases helping to avoid surgery. Bear was trained in the ancient Medicine Man ways by his Grandfather, himself a Medicine Man. He also applies "state of the art" medical practices, having been trained in modern diagnostic tools and methods by NASA.
Bear has been telling Native American stories, The Sacred Tales, to groups of children and adults most of his life, as his Grandfather told them to him. The stories are thousands of years old. How the Dragonfly Learned to Fly is one of a series of Sacred Tales that has been passed down from generation to generation via the Native American oral tradition of story telling, of which Bear Walker is very much a part.
The Sacred Tales book series is his attempt to distribute the positive effects and lessons of these stories to a greater audience.
Bear has been an Earth Medicine Practitioner for over twenty years, combining training and experience from all over the world. He has studied extensively all areas of Naturopathic Medicines, including Homeopathy, Herbal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition.
Bear has specialized in Bio Energetic Testing, a form of Electro Diagnosis, which utilizes a computer to evaluate 30 different systems of the body and is capable of testing over 13,000 bits of information of the body. He was involved in the Clinical Research on this testing device at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C. with Dr. Wayne Jonas of N.I.H.
Having practiced with some of the top M.D. / D.C. across the U.S. such as Dr. Roy Kerry of the University of Pittsburgh, Bear has consulted with over 30,000 patients, including many top athletes and celebrities, whom he considers to have been his greatest teachers.
In addition to Bear's wealth of knowledge in Alternative Medicine, he offers a heartfelt concern for his clients' whole being, assisting in their growth not only physically but emotionally, mentally and, of course, spiritually.
Helen Escoffier Launches Star Visions Official Website!
Bear has specialized in Bio Energetic Testing, a form of Electro Diagnosis, which utilizes a computer to evaluate 30 different systems of the body and is capable of testing over 13,000 bits of information of the body. He was involved in the Clinical Research on this testing device at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C. with Dr. Wayne Jonas of N.I.H. Having practiced with some of the top M.D. / D.C. across the U.S. such as Dr. Roy Kerry of the University of Pittsburgh, Bear has consulted with over 30,000 patients, including many top athletes and celebrities, whom he considers to have been his greatest teachers.


text:
\section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading:\protect\\ The line

In 1839, while investigating the friction in pipe flow, Gotthilf Hagen \cite{hagen1839ueber} observed that the jet of water exiting the pipe resembled a glassy rod at low flow speeds, which then began to pulse as the flow speed increased. The jet reflects the state of the flow inside the pipe. It is in one place glassy \cite{hagen1839ueber} and smooth \cite{couette1890distinction}, ``laminar", while frosty \cite{couette1890distinction} and sinuous \cite{reynolds1883an}, ``turbulent", elsewhere. Hagen's pulses were a manifestation of this intermingling of laminar and turbulent flow, which we now call \emph{intermittency}, a basic feature of the transition to turbulence in pipe flow and other shear flows \cite{mullin2011experimental,eckhardt2007turbulence,letellier2017intermittency,tasaka2010folded,avila2011onset}. The turbulent patches, which can also die, split, or grow, are carried downstream so that the whole pattern of intermittency changes continuously in space and in time.
The phenomenon of intermittency was unexpected, given that the flow conditions were kept as constant as practical, and its origin was at first unclear \cite{hagen1839ueber,couette1890distinction,sackmann1954changements,reynolds1883an}. In their famous fluid mechanics textbook, Prandtl and Tietjens \cite{tietjens1957applied}, hereafter referred to as PT, qualitatively explained intermittency as the result of a feedback between the larger friction in the turbulent patches and the constant total pressure drop driving the flow \cite{tritton2012physical}. With a larger friction, the flow speed decreases until it is reduced below the critical speed, so that no new turbulence is created. When the increased friction of the patch leaves the pipe, the flow speed increases. The critical speed is again exceeded, a new patch is created, and the cycle repeats. In the PT mechanism, intermittency not only creates but requires fluctuations in flow speed, both of which oscillate. In keeping with common practice, we will hereafter use the non-dimensional flow speed or Reynolds number, $Re = UD/\nu$, where $U$ is the flow speed, $D$ is the diameter, and $\nu$ is the kinematic viscosity.

The qualitative PT mechanism remained the prevalent explanation until the seminal study of transitional pipe flow by J. Rotta \cite{rotta1956experimenteller}. Rotta accepted the general validity of the PT mechanism but sought to determine if it was the only source of intermittency by taking great pains to maintain an approximately constant $Re$ in his constant pressure drop and constant perturbation experiments \cite{rotta1956experimenteller}. He introduced a large external resistance into his pipe system so that the pressure drop over this resistance would damp out oscillations. Restricting attention to $Re \lesssim 3000$, he found that the intermittency persisted, despite no obvious fluctuations in $Re$, thus demonstrating that the PT narrative does not explain the origin of intermittency everywhere. More recent experiments also use a large resistance \cite{barkley2015rise}, and experiments with a constant mass flux \cite{darbyshire1995transition} have demonstrated convincingly that intermittency can also exist apart from PT's mechanism, although the typical method of instantaneously perturbing the flow renders the experimental initial conditions themselves intermittent. Rotta's insight laid the foundation for studying the patchy, localized turbulence, now believed to originate from special exact solutions of the governing Navier-Stokes equations such as nonlinear traveling waves \cite{mullin2011experimental,eckhardt2007turbulence}. Most recent work has focused as Rotta did on the vicinity of the critical $Re$ where non-expanding patches called ``puffs" dominate, or considered only instantaneous perturbations at higher $Re$ \cite{barkley2015rise}. Thus, with a few exceptions \cite{tritton2012physical,stassinopoulos1994periodic,fowler2003intermittency}, the PT mechanism has largely disappeared from any discussion of the transition \cite{barkley2016theoretical,mullin2011experimental,eckhardt2007turbulence}. However, this leaves neglected an important regime of transitional flow, a flow that transitions at $Re \gtrsim 3000$, and for which the pressure gradient and perturbation are constant.

In this Letter we revisit PT's argument and look at the intermittency of transitional pipe flow under essentially constant conditions. It is driven by a constant pressure drop, disturbed continuously, and when not in the transition regime, the variation in $Re$, $\delta Re$, is small ($\delta Re / Re < 0.01$). We demonstrate the validity of the PT mechanism by developing a simple model based on their arguments that quantitatively reproduces the essential features of the intermittency in our experiments. Key to the success of our model is accounting for the external resistance, which we systematically vary, as well as accurately incorporating the growth of turbulent patches. The experiments and model together suggest a startling conclusion: under constant conditions and for $Re \gtrsim 3000$, there is always a regime of intermittency consistent with the PT argument.

For our experiments we carry out measurements of the flow rate, velocity, and the friction in a 2020 cm long, smooth, cylindrical glass pipe of diameter $D = 1$ cm $\pm$ 10 $\mu$m. The working fluid is water. Driven by gravity, the flow remains laminar up to $Re \approx 10000$. We restrict our attention to $3000 \lesssim Re \lesssim 7000$, for which the turbulent patches, called ``slugs" \cite{mullin2011experimental}, grow, an essential ingredient in the PT mechanism. We perturb the flow $\simeq 404D$ downstream (see Fig. \ref{introRoughExplanation}a) either continuously with an obstacle (a small $\simeq$ 0.63 mm diameter rod oriented perpendicular to the flow) or instantaneously with a syringe pump which injects a small amount of fluid from a 1 mm hole in the pipe wall. We denote by $L$ the distance from the perturbation to the end of the pipe. We can set a natural transition $Re$ when the flow becomes unstable, $Re_C$, by adjusting the rod protrusion. (This $Re_C$ should not be confused with the lower and universal critical $Re_C$ investigated by experiments of puff lifetimes \cite{avila2011onset}.)  We determine the instantaneous flow rate using a magnetic flowmeter (Yokogawa) and the total pressure drop $\Delta P_{\rm{tot}}$ by measuring the difference between the height of water surface in the source reservoir from the height of the water at the exit of the pipe, $\Delta h$. We also measure the instantaneous pressure drop in a $505D$ section that is $101D$ from the end of the pipe (see Fig. \ref{introRoughExplanation}a). Two Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV, MSE) were also used to probe the flow (see Fig. \ref{introRoughExplanation}a). More experimental details can be found in the Supplementary Material ($SM$, Sec. II) and in Ref. \cite{cerbus2018laws}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{introRoughExplanationPRF.eps}
\vspace{-2em}
\caption{(a) Schematic of the pipe experiment modelled after that appearing in \citet{reynolds1883an}, with a contracting entrance section and a final narrow pipe section for added resistance. Flow is from left to right. Straight horizontal lines indicate laminar flow, and jagged flow indicates a slug. The pressure measurement section for determining $\Delta P / \Delta L$ and thus $f$ in (b) is shown, as well as the two positions for measuring the velocity with LDVs in (c). The flow is disturbed continuously with an obstacle to set a transition $Re_C$. The flow state at points {\bf A}$\rightarrow${\bf D} from (b) and (c) are represented schematically. (b) Plot of average friction $\langle f \rangle$ vs. average $\langle Re \rangle$. The lower and upper curves are the laminar and turbulent friction curves, respectively. The transitional data are either periodic ($+$) or stochastic ($\times$). Overlaid on the mean data ($\circ$) we plot the instantaneous $f(t)-Re(t)$ curve for one periodic transitional data point ($\square$). This curve cycles clockwise through the points {\bf A}, {\bf B}, {\bf C}, and {\bf D}. (c) The normalized streamwise velocity $u(t)/\langle U \rangle$ at the centerline vs. the normalized time $t \langle U \rangle /L$ for $\square$, with {\bf A}$\rightarrow${\bf D} also denoted. The velocity was measured $100D$ downstream ($-$) and $10D$ upstream ($--$) from the perturbation. The shape of both curves is the same as $Re(t)$ but for the slugs (solid black line superimposed over $-$).}
\vspace{-1em}
\label{introRoughExplanation}
\end{figure}

We begin by revisiting PT's mechanism through an examination of our experimental data for $Re$ and the non-dimensional friction factor $f = D \Delta P / \Delta L / (\rho U^2/2)$, where $\rho$ is the density, and $\Delta P$ is the pressure drop over a length $\Delta L$. We refer to Fig. \ref{introRoughExplanation}b, a traditional plot of $\langle f \rangle$ vs. $\langle Re \rangle$, to investigate the state of the system, where $\langle \rangle$ refers to the time-averaged value. As $\Delta P_{\textrm{tot}}$ slowly increases (via $\Delta h$), the data ($\circ$) initially conform to the lower laminar curve, but the flow becomes unstable due to the finite disturbance for $Re > Re_C \approx 4000$ (set by the obstacle) and the position of $\langle f \rangle - \langle Re \rangle$ deviates from the laminar curve thereafter. The first slugs appear stochastically ($\times$) \cite{zhang1994stochastic}, but this behavior spans only a narrow range of $\Delta P_{\rm{tot}}$. Thereafter the flow displays periodic behavior ($+$), which was the original focus of PT and thus ours as well.

In Fig. \ref{introRoughExplanation}b we plot the instantaneous $f(t)-Re(t)$ curve corresponding to one periodic data point ($\square$). To understand this curve, consider the point {\bf A} where the flow is laminar. Because $Re(t) > Re_C \simeq 4000$, a slug is created by the perturbation and begins to invade the flow, as indicated by a thick black line in Fig. \ref{introRoughExplanation}c (see also Fig. \ref{introRoughExplanation}a), and it expands aggressively as it is convected downstream \cite{mullin2011experimental}. The increased friction with $\Delta P_{\rm{tot}}$ = const. requires $Re(t)$ to decrease. The slug eventually reaches the pressure measurement section and partially fills it, raising the value of $f(t)$ to point {\bf B}, until the flow there is fully turbulent at point {\bf C} on the upper curve. As the turbulent patch leaves the pipe, $Re(t)$ increases and the flow's intermittency decreases, taking us through point {\bf D} (Fig. \ref{introRoughExplanation}a), until finally the flow is fully laminar again and we return to point {\bf A} to begin the cycle again. We now attempt to gain further insight by constructing a model to reproduce quantitative features.

We identify four essential ingredients, which we update and refine as necessary. The flow is driven by a constant pressure drop, $\Delta P_{\rm{tot}}$ ($\mathcal{I}1$), the pressure drop in a turbulent region is higher than a laminar one of the same length ($\mathcal{I}2$), slugs are convected and grow ($\mathcal{I}3$), and finally, a critical $Re_C$ is set by disturbing the flow continuously ($\mathcal{I}4$). We first combine $\mathcal{I}1$ and $\mathcal{I}2$ by distributing the constant $\Delta P_{\rm{tot}}$ between the laminar $\Delta P_{\rm{lam}}$ and slug $\Delta P_{\rm{turb}}$ portions of the flow. In addition, we also include the pressure drop of the system external to the experimental section, $\Delta P_{\rm{ext}}$, contributed by, for example, the entrance section. This gives the pressure drop balance $\Delta P_{\rm{tot}} = \Delta P_{\rm{lam}} + \Delta P_{\rm{turb}} + \Delta P_{\rm{ext}}$. As Fig. \ref{introRoughExplanation}b already indicates, when the pressure measurement region is laminar, $f(t)$ obeys the Hagen-Poiseuille law: $f_{\textrm{lam}} = 64/Re$, whereas when this region is turbulent, even during transition \cite{cerbus2018laws}, it obeys the empirical Blasius law: $f_{\textrm{turb}} = 0.3164Re^{-1/4}$. (This allows us to probe intermittency in a straightforward manner: the flow is intermittent if $f_{\textrm{lam}} < f(t) < f_{\textrm{turb}}$). We determine $\Delta P_{\rm{ext}}$ empirically in a series of experiments when the pipe is fully laminar, $\Delta P_{\rm{ext}} = \Delta P_{\rm{tot}} - \Delta P_{\rm{lam}}$ (see $SM$, Sec. I). Introducing the parameter $l$, the length of the pipe that is turbulent, results in (see $SM$, Sec. I):
\begin{equation}
    \frac{D^3 \Delta P_{\textrm{tot}}}{32 \rho \nu^2 L} = {\Big (} 1-\frac{l}{L} {\Big )} Re + B \frac{l}{L} Re^{7/4} + R(Re),
    \label{eq:mainEq}
\end{equation}
where $B = 0.3164/64$ is a constant combining the constants from the Hagen-Poiseuille and Blasius laws and $R = \frac{D^3 \Delta P_{\textrm{ext}}}{32 \rho \nu^2 L}$ is the normalized external resistance. The terms on the right hand side are the pressure drop contributions from the laminar ($\propto 1-l/L$), turbulent ($\propto l/L$) and external portions of the pipe, respectively. Previous work that split $\Delta P_{\textrm{tot}}$ between a laminar and turbulent contribution also predicted oscillations, but they were unable to show quantitative agreement between model and experiment \cite{stassinopoulos1994periodic,fowler2003intermittency}. This highlights the importance of accounting for the external resistance $R$ and accurately incorporating slug growth rates, both of which were not included in these approaches.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Re0DeltaRePRF.eps}
\vspace{-2em}
\caption{(a) Schematic of transitional pipe flow as in Fig. \ref{introRoughExplanation}. A single slug is engendered at $t=0$ by a perturbation, which grows to its maximum size when it reaches the end of the pipe at $t = T$. (b) Plot of deviation in $Re$, $\Delta Re$, vs. the initial $Re_0$ for several resistances $R$. Increasing $R$ or decreasing $L$ reduces $\Delta Re$. A dependence on $L$ is to be expected and is also seen in work on pulsatile flow \cite{xu2018effect}. The predicted $\Delta Re$, open symbols, are in excellent accord with the experimental data, filled symbols.}
\vspace{-1em}
\label{Re0DeltaRe}
\end{figure}

As a first step in validating our refined model, we use Eq. \ref{eq:mainEq} to predict the maximum change in $Re$ when a single slug is created, utilising $\mathcal{I}1-\mathcal{I}3$. We perform experiments in which we systematically vary $R$ by adding short sections of smaller diameter pipes (see Fig. \ref{Re0DeltaRe}a), a ``resistor", to the pipe system \cite{samanta2011experimental,de2009experimental} and determine the $Re$ dependence of $R$ empirically (see $SM$, Sec. I). We then perturb the flow instantaneously at a distance $L$ from the end of the pipe where the laminar flow is fully developed. We adjust $\Delta P_{\textrm{tot}}$ via $\Delta h$ to set an initial $Re = Re_0$ and seek the maximum deviation from $Re_0$: $\Delta Re = Re_0 - Re_{\textrm{min}}$, where $Re_{\textrm{min}}$ is the minimum $Re$. For each $\Delta h$ and $R(Re)$ we perform the experiment at least three times to determine averages and uncertainties. For constant $\Delta P_{\rm{tot}}$, we can write Eq. \ref{eq:mainEq} at both $Re_0$ and $Re_{\rm{min}}$ and equate them to show that:
\begin{equation}
    Re_0 + R(Re_0) = \frac{D^3 \Delta P_{\textrm{tot}}}{32 \rho \nu^2 L} =    {\Big (} 1-\frac{l}{L} {\Big )} Re_{\textrm{min}} + B \frac{l}{L} Re_{\textrm{min}}^{7/4} + R(Re_{\textrm{min}}),
    \label{eq:meanEquation}
\end{equation}
where for $Re = Re_0$, $l = 0$ by definition. The $l/L$, which we next estimate, also depends on $Re$. We suppose that the minimum value $Re_{\textrm{min}}$ occurs when $l/L$ is at its maximum as the growing slug reaches the end of the pipe. The maximum $l/L$ can be estimated using the slug front speed, $u_F$, and back speed, $u_B$. If $T$ is the time it takes the slug front to reach the end of the pipe, then $L = u_F T$ and $L-l = u_B T$, which can be rearranged to find $l/L = (u_F - u_B)/u_F$. We made our own estimates of $u_F$ and $u_B$ (see $SM$, Sec. II) because the literature values are for practically constant $Re$ \cite{lindgren1969propagation,wygnanski1973transition,nishi2008laminar,barkley2015rise}. Because the external resistance in these experiments is deliberately smaller, the $Re$ here is not constant. We then solve Eq. \ref{eq:meanEquation} numerically, and Fig. \ref{Re0DeltaRe}b shows that its predictions are in excellent accord with the experimental results. The variation in the $Re$ as the slug grows also leads to a subtle dependence on the pipe length $L$, as the growing slug has more time to slow down the flow if $L$ is larger. Thus as Fig. \ref{Re0DeltaRe}b shows, for the same external resistance but smaller $L/D$, $\Delta Re$ is smaller.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{oscillationsFrictionInsetIntermittencySpanPRF.eps}
\vspace{-2em}
\caption{(a) experiments, filled symbols, and model predictions, open symbols, for $\langle f \rangle$ vs. $\langle Re \rangle$. The model data closely follows the experimental data. For each series of data, $A$-$D$, we plot in (c) below the normalized time series of $Re(t)$ vs. $t\langle U \rangle /L$, choosing the point of minimum $\langle Re \rangle$ in the periodic intermittent regime. The amplitudes and normalized periods $\tau\langle U \rangle/L$ closely match the experiments. (b) $\tau\langle U \rangle/L$ determined from experiments, the model, and from the previous $\Delta Re$ experiments (Fig. \ref{Re0DeltaRe}, $\tau\langle U \rangle/L \simeq \langle U \rangle/u_B$). The normalized periods differ by $\lesssim 5 \%$ in most cases. (d) Non-dimensional intermittency span vs. transition $Re_C$ for experiments and model simulations ($R$ as in Fig. \ref{Re0DeltaRe}). We also include model simulations using an extremely large $R$ estimated from Barkley et al.'s experiments \cite{barkley2015rise} (see $SM$, Sec. V for details). The ratio of smallest to largest resistance is $\simeq 500$ and the $L/D$ varied up to $\simeq 24 \%$. We also probed the effect of external noise by adding normally distributed noise with zero mean and standard deviation of 0.1 to $Re(t)$ at each step in the integration of Eq. \ref{eq:timeDepEq}. Despite these differences, all data collapse onto a common curve and exhibit a non-negligible span of intermittency that increases with $Re_C$ ($\propto Re_C^2$, $--$). }
\vspace{-1.5em}
\label{oscillationsFrictionInsetIntermittencySpan}
\end{figure}

We now proceed to develop a time-dependent version of the model to reproduce the oscillations, now incorporating a critical $Re_C$ ($\mathcal{I}4$). We take the time derivative of Eq. \ref{eq:mainEq} ($\mathcal{I}1$, $\mathcal{I}2$), subject to the constraint $\Delta P_{\textrm{tot}} =$ const. ($\mathcal{I}1$), which yields:
\begin{equation}
    \frac{d Re}{dt} = \frac{\frac{d(l/L)}{dt} {\Big (} Re - B Re^{7/4} {\Big )}}{{\Big (} 1-\frac{l}{L} {\Big )} + \frac{7}{4} B Re^{3/4} {\Big (} \frac{l}{L} {\Big )} + \frac{d R}{d Re}}.
    \label{eq:timeDepEq}
\end{equation}
To determine the time-dependence of $l/L$ we use a recent model which has had significant success in reproducing the growth rates ($\mathcal{I}3$) of slugs \cite{barkley2015rise}. The complexity of slug growth is reduced to two coupled partial differential equations for a variable representing the turbulence intensity, $q$, and the pipe centerline velocity $u$. Now together with Eq. \ref{eq:timeDepEq} we have a set of coupled partial and ordinary differential equations. Since the $l/L$ in Eq. \ref{eq:timeDepEq} is simply the total turbulent fraction, we do not use the spatial information of the partial differential equations in Eq. \ref{eq:timeDepEq}. This system of equations is similar to, but simpler than, the systems of coupled differential equations used to model arterial flow \cite{reymond2009validation}.

We perform several experiments without an external resistor, although $R \neq 0$, systematically changing the transition $Re_C$ by adjusting the amplitude of the perturbation ($\mathcal{I}2$). For each $Re_C$, set by adjusting the obstacle, we repeated the experiment of Fig. \ref{introRoughExplanation}b, slowly increasing $\Delta P_{\textrm{tot}}$ to take the system from laminar, to intermittent, to turbulent (see Fig. \ref{oscillationsFrictionInsetIntermittencySpan}a). For our model, we integrate Eq. \ref{eq:timeDepEq} along with the coupled partial differential equations from Barkley et al.'s model \cite{barkley2015rise}, which we transformed into laboratory units (see $SM$, Sec. III). To reproduce the behavior in our experiments we add a constant perturbation to the Barkley model, the amplitude of which we varied to set different transition $Re_C$ as in the experiments ($\mathcal{I}4$). This deterministic model is not able to reproduce the initial region of intermittency, in which slugs appear stochastically, but it both quantitatively reproduces the oscillations and the shapes of the $\langle f \rangle$ vs. $\langle Re \rangle$ curves (see Fig. \ref{oscillationsFrictionInsetIntermittencySpan}c).

As Figs. \ref{Re0DeltaRe}, \ref{oscillationsFrictionInsetIntermittencySpan}a, \ref{oscillationsFrictionInsetIntermittencySpan}b, \ref{oscillationsFrictionInsetIntermittencySpan}c show, our model, based on the PT mechanism, is in excellent accord with the experimental data. We now use this result to demonstrate the generality of the PT mechanism. As already noted, Rotta tested the PT mechanism by restricting attention near the universal critical point ($Re \lesssim 3000$) and by increasing the external resistance. The former invalidates the PT mechanism because it removes slug growth, an essential ingredient ($\mathcal{I}3$). As Fig. \ref{Re0DeltaRe}b demonstrates, the latter approach of increasing $R$ unsurprisingly reduces deviations in $Re$ ($\Delta Re$). Indeed, this principle is broadly used to maintain a nearly constant $Re$ in constant pressure gradient transitional pipe flow experiments. If fluctuations can be completely eliminated, one would expect no intermittency and thus in our $\langle f \rangle - \langle Re \rangle$ curves there would be a discontinuous jump from the laminar to turbulent friction curves at $Re_C \gtrsim 3000$. To test the hypothesis that the regime of intermittency shrinks as $R$ increases, we plot versus $Re_C$ in Fig. \ref{oscillationsFrictionInsetIntermittencySpan}d the normalized difference between the pressure drop at the end of the intermittent regime $\Delta P_{\rm{tot,max}}$ and at the beginning $\Delta P_{\rm{tot,min}}$. Despite spanning over two orders of magnitude in $R$, and even in the presence of noise, all data collapse onto a single curve that inexplicably increases with $Re_C$. When expressed in terms of the true control variable, the normalized pressure gradient, the intermittency span is independent of $R$. Moreover the attendant intermittency is not negligible, since the fraction of flow filled by patches necessarily advances continuously from zero to unity as the pressure drop is increased from $\Delta P_{\rm{tot,min}}$ to $\Delta P_{\rm{tot,max}}$. However, we note that while the intermittency is substantial, the relative magnitude of the fluctuations in $Re$ can be substantially reduced by increasing $R$, as shown in Fig. \ref{Re0DeltaRe}b. Near the natural transition point $Re_C$ the finite-amplitude threshold is very sharp and thus very sensitive for $Re \gtrsim 3000$ \cite{tasaka2010folded,hof2003scaling}, so that even these small variations in $Re$ are sufficient for the PT mechanism to function. Prandtl-Tietjens intermittency is thus an intrinsic feature of continuously perturbed and constant pressure driven flows, for which substantial intermittency and tunable fluctuations in $Re$ are unavoidable if $Re > Re_C > 3000$.

In conclusion, we have developed a model inspired by Prandtl and Tietjens' classic argument that is in excellent quantitative agreement with experiments. Essential to the model's success was accurately accounting for the external resistance and slug growth rates. We began our inquiry by noting that, beginning with Rotta \cite{rotta1956experimenteller}, the Prandtl-Tietjens argument has been considered irrelevant. Together, our experiments and model suggest that intermittency engendered by the Prandtl-Tietjen mechanism is in fact an intrinsic feature of constant pressure driven pipe flow for constant conditions, and for $Re \gtrsim 3000$. Rotta did not avoid it by increasing the resistance in his pipe, which ultimately cannot remove the intermittency engendered by the PT mechanism (Fig. \ref{oscillationsFrictionInsetIntermittencySpan}d), but by restricting attention to $Re \lesssim 3000$ \cite{rotta1956experimenteller}, just as many other laboratory experiments restrict attention to $Re < Re_C$ \cite{avila2011onset,barkley2015rise,nishi2008laminar} in order to consider the effect of instantaneous perturbations. Thus while the PT mechanism elucidated here does not apply to those important studies, neither do they directly address the intermittency in the early experiments of Hagen \cite{hagen1839ueber}, Brillouin \cite{brillouin1907leccons}, and others \cite{letellier2017intermittency}, or those conducted here. Most pipes will have a natural transition $Re_C$ set by imperfections such as wall roughness \cite{cotrell2008instability,tao2009critical}, and here it is the Prandtl-Tietjens mechanism which provides the route to turbulence. Fusing old insights \cite{tietjens1957applied} and new \cite{barkley2015rise,cerbus2018laws} has broadened the impact of both, yielding new and practical understanding of transitional pipe flow.

\emph{Acknowledgments.} We thank Tom Mullin for suggesting this problem, as well as Pinaki Chakraborty and Hamid Kellay for helpful discussions. We thank an anonymous referee for correcting our interpretation of Rotta's paper in an earlier draft. We thank the Service Informatique at the Laboratoire Ondes et Mati\`{e}re d'Aquitaine for computational support. R.T.C. gratefully acknowledges the support of a Marie Sk\l odowska-Curie Action Individual Fellowship (MSCAIF), and the support of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) where the experiments were carried out.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Black Music SummitBlack Music SummitBlack Music Summit
Black Music Summit
Trippin 50
Driving Diversity
BY Cameron Cook
Decolonise Fest
Berlin Atonal
Black Music Summit is a new social enterprise celebrating, and elevating, Black professionals in the music industry across the creative and administrative fields.
Chosen for: Driving Diversity.
Throughout 2022, the organisers behind Black Music Summit sowed the seeds of the concept through meet-ups and smaller networking events, which culminated with a two-day music festival at Pikes Hotel and Hï nightclub in Ibiza. There, they announced their plans for a wide-ranging, multi-day summit on the island in the summer. While the teaser event has already boasted some key figures within London's music industry – Lava La Rue, the No Signal crew – the full summit in 2023 promises to bring together more talent from various music scenes.
The decision to hold BMS in Ibiza was not a coincidence, nor just an excuse to party in the sun. When BMS founders Jordan Hallpike and Kenny Eshinlokun conceived of the idea, they wanted to have a presence in spaces where Black music industry professionals are often underrepresented – and where else to begin than Ibiza, which holds a long history as a thriving party destination? For its debut edition, the summit will not only take place in an enticing locale, but will give Black artists the chance to take the stage in an environment where they should already have a seat at the table. Discussion panels, workshops and keynote speakers will supplement the performance aspect of the festival, making it a must-attend for any and all members of the Black music industry.
Black Music Summit is launching its inaugural edition in summer 2023. Dates are yet to be announced.
More from Trippin 50
Decolonise Fest London's Decolonise Fest is carrying on a proud tradition of cultural anarchy and music activism for punks of colour.
Berlin AtonalThe long-running German highlight is a crucial fixture of Berlin's clubbing scene, with the jaw-dropping Kraftwerk building powering the spectacle. 2023 is set to be a banner year, marking its return to the capital city.
Batekoo FestivalFormed by a collective of the same name, Batekoo is a festival that centres the Black LGBTQIA+ community in Brazil.
Preserving Culture
Fête de la MusiqueFrance's all-day street party is an effervescent display of live music. The sprawling event sees all genres and types of musicians play out across the streets of Paris.
CasablancaMorocco
PalestinePalestine
LagosNigeria
Buenos AiresArgentina
MontevideoUruguay


Marion Shepilov Barry, an America politician of the Democratic Party was born in 1936 and is currently part of the Council of the District of Columbia as the representative of DC's Ward 8. He served as a mayor of the District of Columbia from 1979 to 1991 and again from 1995 to 1999. In the 60s, Barry was known for his involvement in the Civil Rights Movement but his prominence catapulted when he became the mayor of the national capital. His celebrity status was on the right track until in January 1990 when he was caught on camera smoking crack cocaine. For his many admirers and constituents, this was a major disappointment form a person they highly regarded and had trust in.
The trust the public had in him was flushed down the toilet when he was arrested and convicted for possession of drugs after which he served six months in federal prison. His political career was now severely tainted. The breach of trust from the mayor was apparently due to the fact that he was addicted to drugs and whether he was caught or not, he could not contain it. It goes further when the female friends he had and were indulging with in abusing these drugs also set him up thus another dimension on trust. He was known to be a man of the people, or a street person therefore he was always out there and hence vulnerable to the lures.
The rumors had been doing round in the state that Barry was a drug addict but no one had the evidence, at least as far as security is concerned. After weeks of undercover investigations by FBI and D.C. police on the mayor, he was arrested at the Vista International Hotel. He was found smoking crack in the hotel room and the female friend whom he was with agreed to divulge information pointing towards the same. The woman he was with did not smoke neither did she engage in any sexual activity with the mayor, the whole encounter that took around an hour could have been prearranged as it was video and audio-taped. The United States law has it that any use of drugs that have been classified as illegal, is indeed illegal and anybody, regardless of their status is punishable. Punishments though vary and in this case, Barry who was caught smoking crack cocaine was bound to be punished despite his status as a mayor. Actually the penalties vary especially between, the users, sellers and possessors.
Being a very delicate issue that breached the law, the federal court had to take charge of the matter where jury had to be called to determine the case. In a very tight discussion, the jury finally found Barry guilty and sentenced to six months in federal prison. Though according to the law, he could still hold the office even if he was arrested. The sentence was punishment enough for the Mayor who after losing his reelection, he was able to recover the seat in 1994. This was the best possible solution to the problem in that law had to be adhered to despite the status of the defendant. This way the public trust in the administrative agency was left intact. The challenges that were encountered here especially the politically instigated came when the republican wing of the country took advantage and made a meal out of it. Barry being a democrat, he endured ridicules and outrage from the republicans who were influencing the public views over the issue. Legally, a lot of contest ensured as the jury was divided over the issue. Edward P. Eagles who was elected the foreman voted to acquit Barry of any wrong doing. Eagles trusted that the jury should reach verdicts only in good conscience since he was for his innocence. As some jurors who were for his conviction saw obstruction from their opponents, Eagles realized that people with perspectives that had to be respected.
Individual ethics itself do not permit that kind of behavior fundamentally because smoking crack is not good for his health and dignity not to mention the office ethics that dictate that all public officials must be of good behavior. This case has reshaped the landscape of public administration in that many public officials will be more careful in the behaviors and indulgences because whenever the a scandal occurs, it's not only their dignity which is at stake but also the credibility of the administrative agency. The challenges met while determining this case brought to the attention the fact that some loose aspects exist in the laws and statutes governing the administrative agencies therefore there has to be stricter laws to ensure problems don't occur when solving administrative issues. The local law and the federal administrations laws need to be synchronized to prevent the conflict that might happen whenever solving an issue.


This is a placeholder page for Marieme Fall, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Marieme Fall.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Marieme Fall. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Marieme Fall. We created this page automatically in hopes Marieme Fall would find it. If you are not Marieme Fall, but are an alumni of Withrow High School, register on this site for free now.


The sun is beginning to shine, daffodils are braving the elements, and children and parents both are beginning to long for the sweet, beautiful days that spring brings. And while I can't banish the rain or the chill, I can share some simple, constructive, delightful activities that your family will enjoy doing together over the next few weeks. There is nothing more sweet than shared laughter and joy over scissors and glue!
Children are always looking for a gift that they can hand craft for Mom or anyone else in the family, for that matter! Personalized stationery definitely fits the bill.
Monogram storebought cards or stationery with initials.
Tear the edge of cards for a fun finish!
Use simple stamps or shapes (heart, cross, flower, bird) for a clean, beautiful card.
Cut and fold cards from decorative paper in Mom's favorite colors.
Tie your stack with a ribbon and be sure to write a message in one of the cards!
This simple science experiment will make a huge impact! It memorably demonstrates a model of cloud formation and is fun to boot.
Cut the neck of a clear, plastic 2-liter soft drink bottle so the opening is about 2 inches wide.
Carefully pour hot water into the bottle until the bottle is about one-fifth full.
Quickly place over the opening a plastic sandwich bag containing 4-6 ice cubes.
Ask, "What changes occur in the bottle? How does this model relate to cloud formation in the atmosphere?
On the basis of this experiment and their own experience, have your children draw a diagram of the water cycle.
Did you know you could make homemade window clings using only glue, food coloring, and dish soap? These clever creations are adorable!
Click here to read the full instructions.
Last but not least, even with all the flowers outside, sometimes you just need a bouquet of long-lasting ones inside. These tissue paper flowers are quick, but some of the most beautiful that I have ever seen!
Now pull out those scissors and glue, gather the family, and enjoy the memories!
"Custom Gocco Screenprinted Stationery," © 2007 Sarah Parrott, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/.
"Sweater Heart," © 20012 Your Secret Admiral, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/.
"Kindergarten Science- Weather," © 2012 Duo de Hale, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/.


text:
use std::ascii::AsciiExt;
use std::str::FromStr;

bitflags! {
    struct Flags: u32 {
        const REQUIRED         = 1;
        const MULTIPLE         = 1 << 1;
        const EMPTY_VALS       = 1 << 2;
        const GLOBAL           = 1 << 3;
        const HIDDEN           = 1 << 4;
        const TAKES_VAL        = 1 << 5;
        const USE_DELIM        = 1 << 6;
        const NEXT_LINE_HELP   = 1 << 7;
        const R_UNLESS_ALL     = 1 << 8;
        const REQ_DELIM        = 1 << 9;
        const DELIM_NOT_SET    = 1 << 10;
        const HIDE_POS_VALS    = 1 << 11;
        const ALLOW_TAC_VALS   = 1 << 12;
        const REQUIRE_EQUALS   = 1 << 13;
        const LAST             = 1 << 14;
        const HIDE_DEFAULT_VAL = 1 << 15;
        const CASE_INSENSITIVE = 1 << 16;
        const HIDE_ENV_VALS    = 1 << 17;
        const HIDDEN_SHORT_H   = 1 << 18;
        const HIDDEN_LONG_H    = 1 << 19;
    }
}

#[doc(hidden)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct ArgFlags(Flags);

impl ArgFlags {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        ArgFlags::default()
    }

    impl_settings! {ArgSettings,
        Required => Flags::REQUIRED,
        Multiple => Flags::MULTIPLE,
        EmptyValues => Flags::EMPTY_VALS,
        Global => Flags::GLOBAL,
        Hidden => Flags::HIDDEN,
        TakesValue => Flags::TAKES_VAL,
        UseValueDelimiter => Flags::USE_DELIM,
        NextLineHelp => Flags::NEXT_LINE_HELP,
        RequiredUnlessAll => Flags::R_UNLESS_ALL,
        RequireDelimiter => Flags::REQ_DELIM,
        ValueDelimiterNotSet => Flags::DELIM_NOT_SET,
        HidePossibleValues => Flags::HIDE_POS_VALS,
        AllowLeadingHyphen => Flags::ALLOW_TAC_VALS,
        RequireEquals => Flags::REQUIRE_EQUALS,
        Last => Flags::LAST,
        CaseInsensitive => Flags::CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        HideEnvValues => Flags::HIDE_ENV_VALS,
        HideDefaultValue => Flags::HIDE_DEFAULT_VAL,
        HiddenShortHelp => Flags::HIDDEN_SHORT_H,
        HiddenLongHelp => Flags::HIDDEN_LONG_H
    }
}

impl Default for ArgFlags {
    fn default() -> Self {
        ArgFlags(Flags::EMPTY_VALS | Flags::DELIM_NOT_SET)
    }
}

/// Various settings that apply to arguments and may be set, unset, and checked via getter/setter
/// methods [`Arg::set`], [`Arg::unset`], and [`Arg::is_set`]
///
/// [`Arg::set`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.set
/// [`Arg::unset`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.unset
/// [`Arg::is_set`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.is_set
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Copy, Clone)]
pub enum ArgSettings {
    /// The argument must be used
    Required,
    /// The argument may be used multiple times such as `--flag --flag`
    Multiple,
    /// The argument allows empty values such as `--option ""`
    EmptyValues,
    /// The argument should be propagated down through all child [`SubCommand`]s
    ///
    /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
    Global,
    /// The argument should **not** be shown in help text
    Hidden,
    /// The argument accepts a value, such as `--option <value>`
    TakesValue,
    /// Determines if the argument allows values to be grouped via a delimiter
    UseValueDelimiter,
    /// Prints the help text on the line after the argument
    NextLineHelp,
    /// Requires the use of a value delimiter for all multiple values
    RequireDelimiter,
    /// Hides the possible values from the help string
    HidePossibleValues,
    /// Allows vals that start with a '-'
    AllowLeadingHyphen,
    /// Require options use `--option=val` syntax
    RequireEquals,
    /// Specifies that the arg is the last positional argument and may be accessed early via `--`
    /// syntax
    Last,
    /// Hides the default value from the help string
    HideDefaultValue,
    /// Makes `Arg::possible_values` case insensitive
    CaseInsensitive,
    /// Hides ENV values in the help message
    HideEnvValues,
    /// The argument should **not** be shown in short help text
    HiddenShortHelp,
    /// The argument should **not** be shown in long help text
    HiddenLongHelp,
    #[doc(hidden)]
    RequiredUnlessAll,
    #[doc(hidden)]
    ValueDelimiterNotSet,
}

impl FromStr for ArgSettings {
    type Err = String;
    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, <Self as FromStr>::Err> {
        match &*s.to_ascii_lowercase() {
            "required" => Ok(ArgSettings::Required),
            "multiple" => Ok(ArgSettings::Multiple),
            "global" => Ok(ArgSettings::Global),
            "emptyvalues" => Ok(ArgSettings::EmptyValues),
            "hidden" => Ok(ArgSettings::Hidden),
            "takesvalue" => Ok(ArgSettings::TakesValue),
            "usevaluedelimiter" => Ok(ArgSettings::UseValueDelimiter),
            "nextlinehelp" => Ok(ArgSettings::NextLineHelp),
            "requiredunlessall" => Ok(ArgSettings::RequiredUnlessAll),
            "requiredelimiter" => Ok(ArgSettings::RequireDelimiter),
            "valuedelimiternotset" => Ok(ArgSettings::ValueDelimiterNotSet),
            "hidepossiblevalues" => Ok(ArgSettings::HidePossibleValues),
            "allowleadinghyphen" => Ok(ArgSettings::AllowLeadingHyphen),
            "requireequals" => Ok(ArgSettings::RequireEquals),
            "last" => Ok(ArgSettings::Last),
            "hidedefaultvalue" => Ok(ArgSettings::HideDefaultValue),
            "caseinsensitive" => Ok(ArgSettings::CaseInsensitive),
            "hideenvvalues" => Ok(ArgSettings::HideEnvValues),
            "hiddenshorthelp" => Ok(ArgSettings::HiddenShortHelp),
            "hiddenlonghelp" => Ok(ArgSettings::HiddenLongHelp),
            _ => Err("unknown ArgSetting, cannot convert from str".to_owned()),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::ArgSettings;

    #[test]
    fn arg_settings_fromstr() {
        assert_eq!(
            "allowleadinghyphen".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::AllowLeadingHyphen
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "emptyvalues".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::EmptyValues
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "global".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::Global
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "hidepossiblevalues".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::HidePossibleValues
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "hidden".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::Hidden
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "multiple".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::Multiple
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "nextlinehelp".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::NextLineHelp
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "requiredunlessall".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::RequiredUnlessAll
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "requiredelimiter".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::RequireDelimiter
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "required".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::Required
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "takesvalue".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::TakesValue
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "usevaluedelimiter".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::UseValueDelimiter
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "valuedelimiternotset".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::ValueDelimiterNotSet
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "requireequals".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::RequireEquals
        );
        assert_eq!("last".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(), ArgSettings::Last);
        assert_eq!(
            "hidedefaultvalue".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::HideDefaultValue
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "caseinsensitive".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::CaseInsensitive
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "hideenvvalues".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::HideEnvValues
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "hiddenshorthelp".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::HiddenShortHelp
        );
        assert_eq!(
            "hiddenlonghelp".parse::<ArgSettings>().unwrap(),
            ArgSettings::HiddenLongHelp
        );
        assert!("hahahaha".parse::<ArgSettings>().is_err());
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Tim Duncan enjoys a delicious Gatorade.
Pepsi is making a change in direct response to a Change.org petition uploaded by a teenager from Mississippi. When 15-year-old Sarah Kavanagh took a glance at the ingredients of Gatorade to see if she could continue to drink the energy drink while on a vegan diet, the ingredient bromiated vegetable oil stood out to her. BVO, described by Gatorade owner PepsiCo as an emusifier to spread flavors evenly throughout a drink, is also considered a flame retardant in the European Union and in China. Bowing to pressure, but not admitting it's due to the petition, Pepsi is removing BVO from Gatorade.
While BVO may not be especially harmful, when you consider the fact it's just vegetable oil, this is a great time to tinker with your ingredients while everyone is distracted by fatal energy drinks full of dangerous ingredients. Compared to murderous Monster and other more potent beverages, a little veggie oil is practically nothing and nobody had to file any lawsuits to get the ingredients list changed. There's no word on whether or not Pepsi (and Coke) will pull BVO from their other drinks with the substance, including Fanta, Mountain Dew, and Powerade.


text:
Лотар Хельмут Фогт (; род. 17 января, 1952, Гёрлиц) — немецкий шахматист; гроссмейстер (1976). Учитель немецкого языка и истории.

Чемпион ГДР среди юношей (1968). Участник 16 чемпионатов ГДР (1967—1985); лучшие результаты: 1977 и 1979 — 1-е; 1980 — 1—2-е места.

В составе сборной ГДР участник 4-го командного чемпионата Европы (1970) в г. Капфенберге (выиграл бронзовую медаль в команде) и 2-х олимпиад в (1972 и 1988).

Успешно выступал во многих международных соревнованиях: Стари-Смоковец (1972 и 1979) — 1—2-е; Лейпциг (1976) — 3—4-е, 1980 и 1983 — 3—6-е, 1986 — 2—4-е; Сьенфуэгос (1976) — 4—5-е; Будапешт (1976) — 3—4-е, 1986 — 2—4-е; Кечкемет (1977 и 1984) — 1-е и 1—2-е; Галле (1978 и 1981) — 4-е и 2-е; Рига (1981) — 4-е; Поляница-Здруй (1982) — 1—2-е; Гавана (1985) — 3—5-е; Эгер (1985) — 1—3-е места.

Изменения рейтинга

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Чемпионы ГДР по шахматам
Шахматисты Германии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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June 15, 2011 -- Cooking with heart-healthy olive oil and using it for salad dressing may cut stroke risk, according to new research published online in Neurology.
In the new study, seniors who regularly used this healthy monounsaturated fat had a 41% lower risk of stroke compared to their counterparts who never used olive oil.
"This is the first study to suggest thatgreaterconsumption of olive oil may lower risk of stroke in older subjects, independently of other beneficial foods found in the Mediterranean diet," study author Cecilia Samieri, PhD, with the University of Bordeaux and the National Institute of Health and Medical Research in Bordeaux, France, says in an email.
So what exactly is it about olive oil that may lower stroke risk? There are several theories, she says. It may be that people choose olive oil over saturated, artery-clogging fats. "Moreover, previous research found that the polyphenols from virgin olive oil account specifically for its ability to lower oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)" or bad cholesterol. High cholesterol levels are a known risk factor for stroke.
Researchers analyzed the medical records of 7,625 people aged 65 and older from three French cities who had no history of stroke. Participants were categorized based on their olive oil intake. Study participants mainly chose extra virgin olive oil, which is widely available in France. During slightly more than five years of follow-up, there were 148 strokes.
It is too early to issue any broad public health recommendations about the use of olive oil for stroke protection. "These findings from an observational study should be confirmed by a randomized, controlled trial," Samieri says.
Researchers also looked at the blood levels of oleic acid in a subgroup of people and found that higher levels of oleic acid correlated with higher use of olive oil. Oleic acid, the main monounsaturated fat found in olive oil, is not a specific blood marker for olive oil use and could be elevated as a result of eating other foods such as butter and duck fat.
This is one of very few studies that looks at olive oil intake and risk for neurologic diseases, including stroke, Nikolaos Scarmeas, MD, of Columbia University in New York City, says in an email. "Maybe olive oil improves vascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, heart disease, obesity, which may in turn reduce stroke risk, or it may be that olive oil is anti-inflammatory or an antioxidant." Scarmeas writes an accompanying editorial.
Cathy A. Sila, MD, the George M. Humphrey II Professor of Neurology and the director of the Stroke & Cerebrovascular Center at the Neurological Institute Case Medical Center of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, says the benefits of diet and lifestyle choices in disease prevention are more important than ever, given the rising costs of health care.
Suzanne Steinbaum, MD, director of women and heart disease at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, says moderate use of olive oil in cooking and on bread may help protect against stroke in people older than 65.
"Olive oil is a healthy fat and it can reduce cholesterol and inflammation, and has been shown to help reduce the incidence of heart disease," she says. "Now, we see it may reduce stroke risk in people older than 65."
Keeping blood pressure controlled, not smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet that is low in salt and rich in fruits and vegetables can also help reduce stroke risk, she says.
Samieri, C. Neurology, 2011; vol 77.
Scarmeas, N. Neurology, 2011; vol 77.
Cecilia Samieri, PhD, University of Bordeaux, the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Bordeaux, France.
Nikolaos Scarmeas, MD, Columbia University, New York City.
Cathy A. Sila, MD, the George M. Humphrey II Professor of Neurology; director, Stroke & Cerebrovascular Center, Neurological Institute Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
Suzanne Steinbaum, MD, director, women and heart disease, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York.


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Moments after our goats give milk, we pasteurize their milk and make our fresh chevre. We use only French cultures and vegetable rennet.
Made from our pasteurized milk, this hand-ladled "Grandmother Goat" cheese is covered in a thin rind of bloomy white mold. Mild and buttery, with a subtle, earthy aroma.
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A farmhouse style table cheese made from raw goats milk and aged over 60 days. It has a fresh buttery flavor with a hint of lemon.
An aged cheese that develops a bright orange rind, this cheese has a smooth buttery paste with a slight lactic tang. It is made from raw goats milk and ages for at least 3 months.


Target is a well known retail chain based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The publicly traded company goes by TGT on the New York Stock Exchange, and makes tens of billions of dollars in revenue every year, with its "discount" focussed product range.
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Target stores are located throughout the US and Canada, and usually take the form of large standalone hypermarkets. They also operate smaller "City Target" and "Target Express" outlets, bringing the total to over 1,900 locations. They also serve customers online at Target.com, where you can make savings by redeeming one of our Target coupons. Target store coupons are also available.
Brian C. Cornell currently serves as CEO and Chairman of the corporation, which has over 366,000 permanent employees across its many stores and supply chain.
Target traces its roots back to 1902 when George Draper Dayton founded the Goodfellow Dry Goods, changing its name to the Dayton Dry Goods Company the following year. The Target brand itself was launched in 1962, but quickly became the company's biggest revenue generator. This led to the adoption of Target as the company's trading name.
In 1969 operations were merged with the J.L. Hudson Company. Other acquisitions include Mervyn's in 1978 and the Marshall Field & Company in 1990.
Target.com is where you'll need to go if you want to get some shopping done online. If you want to place an order online, you don't necessarily have to have it sent to your home. You can get merchandise sent to Target stores and simply head down there to pick it up yourself. The store locator feature available on the website will be very useful if you don't know where the closest one is already.
Target sells a massive amount of merchandise. You will find clothing and shoes, for men, women, children, and babies. Home products like furniture, groceries, garden products, and home improvement items ranging from paints to appliances. There are also large electronics and office supplies departments. The fully fledged pharmacy allows you to buy over the counter and prescription medication, as well as health and beauty products.
Clothing includes activewear, blazers and jackets, dresses, intimates, jeans, dress shirts, graphic tees, outerwear, handbags, hats, gloves and scarves, jewelry, sunglasses, wallets.
There are baby car seats, strollers, nursery, cribs, baby carriers, baby toys, bedding for kids and kids' furniture, decor.
For the home there are bath, bedding, curtains and blinds, dining and entertaining, furniture, home appliances, home décor, accent furniture, bathroom, bedroom, bookcases, chairs, custom furniture, entryway, fire pits and heaters, grills and outdoor cooking, lawn and garden, outdoor décor, outdoor lighting, outdoor rugs, patio accessories and more.
Their electronics selection includes cameras and camcorders, cell phones, computers and laptops, GPS and navigation, headphones, instruments and karaoke, iPad and tablets. Home theater and televisions, streaming devices, Blu-ray and DVD players, audio, and accessories.
Sports and fitness items include bikes, boating and water sports, camping and outdoors, coolers and water bottles, exercise and fitness, fan shop, game room, exercise and fitness equipment like accessories, ellipticals and steppers, fitness trackers, treadmills, weight training, yoga and pilates. For camping and outdoors there are airbeds, cots and mats, camping furniture, camping kitchen, canopies and shelters, coolers and water bottles, sleeping bags and bedding and of course tents.
To redeem discounts and other offers on these products you can apply a Target coupon code during the checkout process. You can also use Target printable coupons if you are shopping in-store.
All major credit and debit cards accepted and Target also have their own credit card called the Red Card that customers can apply for online.
You can also use Paypal, their own gift cards, and a lay away system, which allows you to buy now and pay later.
When shopping on their website, make sure that you checkout the Target credit cards section known as the RED card. You can use to card to charge your purchase and pay for it at a later date. The card works both online and in stores.
The Target debit card is slightly similar. However, it's linked to your bank account and will deduct your purchase directly from it, working just like a check. Since there are no annual fees, you can really save on your purchases if you combine either one of these cards with Target printable coupons.
Target currently only cater to customers in North America. To qualify for free standard shipping you must either spend over $25 or use Target's own Red Card credit card for payment. You can also pay extra for Rush delivery in certain regions.
Form time to time they will also run free expedited shipping offers, which we list alongside our other Target coupons.
Target operates a no questions asked 90 day return policy, which allows you to return unused and unworn items no questions asked, for a full refund or exchange.
Returns can be initiated from within your online account.
@ASquard You have great taste.


text:
Steph Curry reveals his Top 5 NBA players of all time
by Emmanuel Calingacion
ARGUABLY the best player in the league right now, Stephen Curry has had many influences in his game, and he's had many idols growing up. But influences and idols may not always necessarily be the best, and that's what the Golden State Warriors' All-Star guard confirmed last Tuesday morning.
During an event in Oakland where he was promoting his Facebook Watch Original Series, Stephen vs. The Game, Curry was asked to name his top five greatest NBA players of all time, which is like a healthy-sometimes-not debate in the world of basketball. But Steph seemed 100 percent confident in his choices.
If ya'll didn't hear that right, his list goes like this:
Shaquille O'Neal
It's hard to have much of an issue with Curry's picks. We can argue for days and days that guys like Larry Bird and Bill Russell should be included on that list, but you certainly won't have a problem with Jordan being on there because most, if not all basketball fans consider him the G.O.A.T.
MORE FROM SPIN
Meanwhile, Chamberlain is the most dominant player ever—something that cannot be argued against when you look at the pure statistics. But that might be because he was a giant in a league that wasn't really filled with tall players like him.
In the case of LeBron, he's an accomplished champion and multiple-time MVP. Along with Jordan, he's the most well-rounded player on the NBA has ever seen.
Shaq is the most dominant center of his generation and a four-time champion. He was a force to be reckoned with in his prime, there's no denying that.
In the case of Magic, he innovated the game as a 6-foot-9 point guard, becoming a five-time NBA champion. Heck, he was the league's most popular player until Jordan took that mantle from him in the '90s.
One notable name that fans on social media are looking for is the recently-retired Black Mamba, Kobe Bryant. Another name that doesn't appear on the list is Steph's own teammate, Kevin Durant. But then again, when you switch teams just for rings, whose respect are you going to earn?
stephen curry ,
steph curry ,
nba ,
goat ,
the GOAT ,
Basketball ,
Top Five ,
nba top five ,
Michael Jordan ,
shaquille oneal ,
lebron james ,
wilt chamberlain ,
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Larry Bird ,
bill russell ,
kobe bryant ,


I'm out of town again for the next few days camping in Eastern Washington. Depending on web access, the next couple of posts may have to wait until Wednesday of this week. Hold tight for now and thank you for listening!


text:
Veterinarians' words carry the authority of the healer
Aesculapian authority, the authority that society accords to healers, is both powerful and perilous—according to Bernard E. Rollin, PhD, a philosophy professor at Colorado State University.
Dr. Rollin spoke July 15, during the AVMA Annual Convention in Hawaii, about "Aesculapian Authority and Communication in Veterinary Medicine."
The ethicist indicated that explaining, eliciting consent, and empathizing are the three E's of communication. He said veterinarians must learn to explain medicine for clients without being patronizing. Eliciting consent for procedures is moral and prudent. And empathy requires veterinarians to imagine themselves in the position of the client.
"No one wants to feel that their animal's medical problems are to veterinarians as a clogged toilet is to a plumber," Dr. Rollin said.
The concept of Aesculapian authority from human medicine increasingly applies to veterinary medicine because of society's current view of pets. In the past 25 years, companion animal medicine has moved to a pediatrician model.
The authority of the healer is uniquely powerful, Dr. Rollin said. It compels patients to listen, follow orders, and undergo unpleasant procedures. Doctors reinforce their authority by never disagreeing in front of patients and always addressing one another as "Doctor." Veterinarians sometimes use this authority to convince an owner with a sick pet, similar to pediatricians attempting to convince a parent with a sick child, to agree to let them proceed with treatment.
The perils of Aesculapian authority include self-fulfilling prophecies and the consequences of miscommunication. Veterinarians should ensure that the client understands what they mean. Estimates and prognoses can confuse clients, so veterinarians need to explain the uncertainties of medicine.
"You can say the same thing five different ways, and that's not too much," Dr. Rollin said. "Do not ever, ever use any medical terminology without explanation."
Veterinarians need to take animals' histories by asking questions in many ways. People rarely fault someone for speaking plainly.
Dr. Rollin said veterinarians who tend toward the pediatrician model often have moral stress when asked to euthanize healthy animals. Aesculapian authority allows veterinarians to suggest alternatives to convenience euthanasia of an animal.
Conversely, the healer's authority allows a veterinarian to convince a client to let go of an animal in chronic pain. Dr. Rollin said veterinarians should answer when a client asks the question, "What would you do if it were your dog?" He said the veterinarian plays the role of counselor as well as doctor.
Dr. Rollin concluded by saying that the veterinary establishment needs to spend more time teaching ethics and communication.


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THIS SITE CONTAINS ADULT ORIENTED MATERIAL 1.I am an adult, being at least 18 years of age. 2.I am not accessing this material to use against the site operator or any person whomsoever in any conceivable manner. 3.I will not redistribute this material to anyone or will I permit any minor to see this material, or any other person who might find such material personally offensive. 4. I subscribe to the principles of the First Amendment which holds that free adult Americans have the right to decide for themselves what they will read and view without governmental interference. 5. I am not a law enforcement officer, nor a postal inspector,nor operating under an assumed name or in cooperation with any criminalinvestigation; nor am I seeking out evidence which may serve as the basis for any charge of violating federal, state, or local obscenity laws. 6. I understand and state that I am retrieving material from a location where it does not violate any federal, state, or local obscenity law or community standard, and agree to bear the full, complete, and sole responsibility for bringing such material into whatever community I choose to do so. Furthermore, I agree to review the material before retrieving it and assure the operators that any material which I retrieve will not violate the federal, state, or local obscenity laws or community standards for the community into which I choose to bring the material.


text:
Published On: Sun, Feb 3rd, 2013
Egypt / Outbreak News / World News | By Robert
Dengue-free Uraguay prepare for the emergence of the virus
Along with Chile, Uruguay was the only Latin American country that was considered "dengue-free"; however, health officials are investigating four suspected cases of dengue – three in the nation's capital of Montevideo and one in the western department of Paysandú,according to an Infosurhoy.com report last week.
Image/CIA
We are looking at the situation regionally and trying to prepare the bestpossible [response to] the emergence of dengue," says Gabriela Willat, a director at the Ministry of Public Health.
The concerns of the emergence of dengue are based on what is happening with their neighbors to the north in southern Brazil.
Health officials in the southwestern Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul are battling a epidemic-like surge of dengue fever in which some 9,000 cases have been reported from the capital city during the month of January.
Dengue fever is caused by one of four different but related viruses. It is spread by the bite of mosquitoes, most commonly the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which is found in tropic and subtropic regions.
Brazil denguedengue feverEgyptLatin AmericaMontevideoUruguayUruguay dengue
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OFTEN pressure, stress, concern, and worry can make one feel burdened, unloved, even uncared for. When events are whirling around us, we may want to find an oasis of calmness and peace but have no idea where to start. We can always find the peace and comfort we need in an understanding of how much God loves and cares for His children. The unity of God and man is the key to the restoration of harmony, usefulness, peace. Recently I saw for myself that God is always able and willing to help His child find peace.
We had just moved to a new city. It was a beautiful spring day, and I wanted to get outside for a while. We'd given our decision a lot of thought, and I was relieved the actual move was finally over. But I found the sudden change to a new home, new jobs, new opportunities, friends, expectations, overwhelming, and I was burdened by worry about whether it would all work out for the best. Everything around me appeared upended and chaotic both physically and mentally. In addition, I'd been having back pain ever since the move. I could hardly bend or roll over.
I did manage to get into the car and drive to a nearby lake. But, as a Christian Scientist, I wanted to do more than just ``get away from things.'' I took the Bible with me and Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, by Mary Baker Eddy, the Discoverer and Founder of Christian Science. I spent some time praying and reading. But comfort still seemed far away, and joy was intermittent.
It was then that I turned to the Bible verse ``As one whom his mother comforteth, so will I comfort you; and ye shall be comforted.'' It struck me that these words in Isaiah weren't only a promise that God would comfort me, but they included a command as well: ``And ye shall be comforted''!
What a surprise! Here was a clear incentive to abandon self-pity, burden, fear, and worry, and to start expressing the confidence, joy, trust in God, and peace that were rightfully mine as His spiritual offspring.
I knew from reading the Bible that Christ Jesus didn't spend his time stewing and worrying -- he simply went about healing and helping others. I, too, could obtain peace and comfort just as the Master did -- through prayer and trust in God, good.
It was then that I looked up across the peaceful, duck-filled lake and saw the fast-moving cars of rush-hour traffic. But I realized that right in the middle of all the noise and hurry-scurry commotion was this peaceful, quiet, undisturbed lake. Finally, after all my praying, the message was clear: It didn't matter how chaotic my surroundings appeared; right in the middle of all the turmoil I could find the peace that comes from a knowledge of God. I didn't have to let the turmoil govern me, because I was subject only to God's government and I could surrender to His care.
As we trust God's love for us, His children, each day can provide new opportunities to find His peace in our lives.