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The Battle of Montenotte was fought on 12 April 1796, during the French Revolutionary Wars, between the French army under General Napoleon Bonaparte and an Austrian corps under Count Eugène-Guillaume Argenteau. The French won the battle, which was fought near the village of Cairo Montenotte in the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. The modern town is located in the northwestern part of Italy. On 11 April, Argenteau led 3,700 men in several assaults against a French mountaintop redoubt but failed to take it. By the morning of the 12th, Bonaparte concentrated large forces against Argenteau's now-outnumbered troops. The strongest French push came from the direction of the mountaintop redoubt, but a second force fell on the weak Austrian right flank and overwhelmed it. In its hasty retreat from the field, Argenteau's force lost heavily and was badly disorganized. This attack against the boundary between the Austrian and Sardinian armies threatened to sever the link between the two allies. This action was part of the Montenotte Campaign.

Background
See Montenotte 1796 Campaign Order of Battle for the organization of the French, Austrian, and Sardinian armies.

On 27 March 1796, a young General Bonaparte arrived in Nice to take over the Army of Italy, his first army command. His army included 63,000 troops, but of these, only 37,600 men and 60 artillery pieces were capable of being put into the field. The soldiers were badly fed, months behind in pay, and poorly equipped. Consequently, morale in many units was low and in a few cases this had led to mutiny. Bonaparte's Austrian opponent, Feldzeugmeister Johann Peter Beaulieu was also new to the Italian theater of operations. Beaulieu directly controlled 19,500 Austrians of whom half were still in winter quarters. Beaulieu's subordinate Argenteau commanded an additional 11,500 Austrians who were deployed farther to the west around Acqui Terme. A Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont army of about 20,000 men was west of Argenteau's corps.

Bonaparte planned to advance from the Ligurian coast to drive a wedge between Beaulieu's Austrian army to the northeast and Feldmarschall-Leutnant Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi's 21,000-strong Austro-Sardinian army to the northwest. Colli, an Austrian on loan to the Sardinian army, shared a personal friendship with Beaulieu. However, the Austrian government secretly warned Beaulieu not to trust his Sardinian ally. This made it difficult for the two allied leaders to agree on a joint strategy. Colli feared an attack that would split the allied armies, which was exactly the plan that Bonaparte was contemplating. He argued for the allied armies to concentrate in the center. But Beaulieu became convinced that the French intended to seize Genoa, and he intended to thwart that possibility with an attack of his own.

Based on a muster roll from 9 April, Bonaparte's field army consisted of four divisions under Generals of Division Amédée Emmanuel Francois Laharpe, Jean-Baptiste Meynier, Pierre Augereau, and Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier. Laharpe and Meynier's divisions formed the advance guard under André Masséna. Laharpe's 8,614 soldiers were divided between the 17th and 22nd Light Infantry Demi-Brigades and the 32nd and 75th Line Infantry Demi-Brigades. Meynier commanded 9,526 men in the 11th and 27th Light and the 25th, 51st, old 51st, and 55th Line. Augereau led 10,117 troops in the 4th and 29th Light and 4th, 14th, and 18th Line. Sérurier directed 9,448 men in the 69th Light, 39th Line, and 85th Line. General of Brigade Jean-Baptiste Cervoni was detached at Voltri with the 3,181 troops of the 75th Line and 2,000 soldiers of the 51st Line.

Beaulieu planned to fall on Cervoni with two columns under General-major Philipp Pittoni von Dannenfeld and Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl Philipp Sebottendorf. Pittoni had infantry five battalions and four cavalry squadrons totalling 3,350 foot soldiers and 624 horsemen. Sebottendorf led 3,200 troops in five battalions. Argenteau counted 9,000 infantry and 340 cavalry in 11 battalions and two squadrons. These were scattered, with four battalions near Sassello, one at Acqui Terme, two at Mioglia, one at Dego, one at Cairo Montenotte, and two others nearby. Pittoni was ordered to move through the Bocchetta Pass north of Genoa while Beaulieu accompanied Sebottendorf's column through the Turchino Pass, northwest of Genoa.

On 10 April, the left wing of the Austrian army under Beaulieu, Sebottendorf, and Pittoni attacked Cervoni's French brigade in the Battle of Voltri. Cervoni made a fighting retreat and escaped intact to Savona down the coast. Beaulieu belatedly realized that he was now dangerously separated from his right wing under Feldmarschall-Leutnant Argenteau. He made arrangements to shift his left wing west to support his colleague and directed reinforcements from Lombardy to concentrate at Acqui.

The road net in the vicinity of the Montenotte battlefield resembled a triangle (Δ). The village of Altare, which was on the main east-west road from Savona to Ceva, lay at the bottom of the left leg, to the west. Altare was on the important Cadibona Pass road. The village of Madonna di Savona was located at the bottom of the right leg, to the east. Montenotte Superiore could be found at the top of the triangle. From Montenotte Superiore, the road continued north from the top of the Δ to Montenotte Inferiore. Three peaks were spaced at intervals along the right leg on the triangle. Starting from the top of the Δ, they were Monte San Giorgio, Monte Pra, and Monte Negino (or Monte Legino).

Battle

Monte Negino

Due to poor staff work, the attack of Argenteau's right wing did not begin until 11 April. On that day, the Austrians moved with 3,700 soldiers against a French position on Monte Negino. Argenteau led one battalion of Alvinczi Infantry Regiment Nr. 19 and two battalions of Archduke Anton Infantry Regiment Nr. 52 to a position near Montenotte Superiore. There, the Austrian rendezvoused with General-major Mathias Rukavina von Boynograd, who commanded one battalion each of Stein Infantry Regiment Nr. 50 and Pellegrini Infantry Regiment Nr. 49 plus three companies of Grenz infantry from the Gyulai Freikorps.

The Austrians began to press southeast down the right leg of the Δ, driving in the enemy outposts on Monte San Giorgio and Monte Pra. Colonel Henri-François Fornésy with about 1,000 French troops of the 17th Light Infantry Demi-Brigade held an old Austrian-built redoubt atop Monte Negino. These soldiers were joined by Colonel Antoine-Guillaume Rampon who assumed overall command. An additional 1,192 men of the 32nd Line from Madonna di Savona also arrived to help.

The road to Monte Negino followed the crest of the Apennines. Led by the Croats of the Gyulai Freikorps in skirmish order, the Austrians pressed their attacks. At a moment when the French troops were wavering, Rampon rallied them by making them swear to "conquer or die", according to one eyewitness. All the Austrian attacks failed and Rukavina was shot in the shoulder. Argenteau called a halt to operations about 4:00 PM. That evening, the Austrian commander sent a courier to Oberstleutnant Karl Leczeny in Sassello asking for reinforcements. Rampon estimated Austrian losses at 200 to 300, but they were probably closer to 100. The French reported 57 casualties.

Montenotte

Argenteau's attack precipitated an immediate counteroffensive by Bonaparte, who moved General of Division André Masséna's two divisions from Savona to the area of the Cadibona Pass. Satisfied that Beaulieu was too far to the east to intervene effectively, Bonaparte was determined to crush Argenteau. He ordered General of Division Amédée Emmanuel Francois Laharpe's division to join Rampon's force, making a total of 7,000 soldiers at Monte Negino on the right leg of the Δ. Masséna marched from Altare, up the left leg of the Δ, with General of Brigade Philippe Romain Ménard's 4,000-man brigade. In order to reach their jumping off positions, the troops started at 2:00 AM and marched in a rain storm. General of Division Pierre Augereau's division and other units concentrated near the Cadibona Pass.

The 3rd battalion of the Terzi Infantry Regiment Nr. 16 marched all night to reach Montenotte at dawn. Argenteau deployed this unit, some Croats, and several detached companies from his other regiments to guard the Altare road. The rest of the Austrians still faced Monte Negino. One battalion of the Preiss Infantry Regiment Nr. 24 arrived in the area but was not committed to the next day's battle.

Fog shrouded the area at dawn on 12 April. When it cleared, several French cannons began firing from Monte Negino on the Austrians below them and Argenteau saw that he was confronted by a large force. Shortly afterward, Masséna's soldiers launched their attack on the weakly held Austrian right flank, swamping the defenders with superior numbers. Argenteau deployed the Stein and Pellegrini battalions under Oberstleutnant Nesslinger to hold the center and assigned the two Archduke Anton battalions to defend the left flank on Monte Pra. Then he took the Alvinczi battalion to the rescue of the 3rd Terzi battalion on his right flank.

While Masséna overwhelmed Argenteau's right, Laharpe fell on the Austrians defending Monte Pra. At first the Austrians conducted a stout defense. But Masséna's assault made such rapid progress that Argenteau ordered a retreat. The 3rd Terzi battalion was nearly destroyed and Nesslinger's two battalions were badly cut up. In the Austrian retreat from Montenotte Superiore, the Alvinczi battalion provided the rear guard. The battalion had to fight its way out, losing its color and many soldiers. Argenteau's men barely cleared out of Montenotte Inferiore before Masséna's and Laharpe's flanking forces converged on the hamlet. By 9:30 AM the battle was over.

Results
The battle was General Bonaparte's first victory in the Montenotte Campaign. By the next morning, Argenteau reported only 700 men with the colors. The rest were lost in combat or scattered. Historian Martin Boycott-Brown presented French losses as light; a sampling of reports show that the 32nd Line, 51st Line, 75th Line, and 17th Light lost 10, 8, 27, and 19 casualties, respectively. The Austrians admitted losing 166 killed, 114 wounded, and 416 missing, for a total of 696. Three historians assert that losses were more severe. Digby Smith wrote that the French suffered 800 killed, wounded, and missing out of a total of 14,000 troops and 18 guns. The Austrians went into the action with 9,000 men and lost 2,500 killed, wounded, and captured, with 12 guns lost. Most of Argenteau's casualties were prisoners. Gunther E. Rothenberg listed Austrian casualties as 2,500 and 12 guns out of 4,500 engaged, while French losses were 880 out of 10,000 available troops. David G. Chandler gave Austrian losses as 2,500 out of 6,000, but listed no French losses out of a total of 9,000.

A badly shaken Argenteau pulled his surviving soldiers back to cover Acqui, while other forces under Rukavina held Dego, about  to the northwest of Montenotte Superiore. Argenteau sent an alarming dispatch to Beaulieu stating that his command was "almost completely destroyed". Bonaparte issued orders to exploit his success by widening the gap between the Austrian and Sardinian armies by thrusting west toward Millesimo and north toward Dego. The next actions were the Battle of Millesimo on 13 April and the Second Battle of Dego on 14 and 15 April.

See also
 Montenotte Campaign
 Battle of Voltri, 10 April 1796
 Battle of Millesimo, 13 April 1796
 Second Battle of Dego, 14–15 April 1796
 Battle of Ceva, 16 April 1796
 Battle of Mondovì, 21 April 1796

Notes
Footnotes

Citations

References

External links
 Photos of sites of 1796 campaign by Martin Boycott-Brown.

Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars
Battles involving Austria
Battles involving France
Battles involving Italy
Battles involving the Kingdom of Sardinia
Battles in Liguria
Conflicts in 1796
1796 in Austria
1796 in France
18th-century military history of Italy
Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe


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Android News / Android News / Google Details Mapping System In March Self-Driving Car Report
Google Details Mapping System In March Self-Driving Car Report
Google's self-driving car project, having started back in 2009, has come quite a long way since its humble beginnings as just another moonshot. Google's autonomous fleet has, collectively, driven over 1 million miles in full auto mode in various settings, from Google's own test track in Mountain View to the streets of Austin, Texas. Their fleet of self-driving cars have been gifted, through advancements in artificial intelligence, with what amounts to common sense and the ability to make decisions as needed on the road. The self-driving cars are smart, but that alone isn't quite enough to give them their surprisingly great testing records. In their monthly report for March, Google reveals that they help them out with some fairly sophisticated mapping techniques.
Having a look at the newest Google Maps gives you a fairly detailed view of an area, with an option to make that view three-dimensional via WebGL. Google builds on these maps to power self-driving cars' understandings of their surroundings and what to expect on the road ahead, adding things like construction, obstacle hight, the curvature of turns and road conditions. The maps are updated frequently and paired with the self-driving cars' sensors to create a comprehensive picture of the cars' surroundings and how the rest of their route is looking. Traffic, accidents, pedestrian conditions and many other factors go into these detailed live maps. Google also tests the cars extensively, giving them the chance to learn how to deal with new things. Some of their most recent tests include a gaggle of testers playing real-life Frogger in front of the moving vehicle and a man springing suddenly from a port-a-potty by the side of the road.
In terms of accidents since the last report, there has only been one. Predictably, it was not the self-driving car's fault. On March 14, one of Google's autonomous Lexus models pulled up to a red light in Austin, Texas and came to a complete stop, as any other law-abiding driver would do. A driver who was just a bit less law-abiding kissed the self-driving car's rear bumper at 10 miles per hour, causing slight damage to the Google car and some moderate damage to the offender's front bumper. The operator in the self-driving car noted that the other driver looked disoriented and called 911 to get some emergency vehicles out to the scene of the crash.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Architecture · Design · Environment
Biomimicry helps nature-lovers and fragile wildlife co-exist at the Votu Hotel in Brazil
Written by Tamsin Woolley-Barker, PhD.
The Maraú Peninsula is a 25 mile long bar of pristine Brazilian sand, flanked by the Atlantic Ocean on one side and the tranquil Camamu Bay on the other, where one glorious beach gives way to another. With such stunning landscapes, it's no wonder hip Brazilians are flocking to these shores. But the native mangrove forests here are one the world's most endangered ecosystems, and great care must be taken to preserve them. GCP Arquitectura and Urbanismo's Votu Hotel takes an unusual approach to that challenge: biomimicry––sustainable innovation inspired by nature's proven wisdom.
According to Indian legend, the peninsula's namesake, Maraú, was a peaceful fisherman who lived in with his beautiful wife, Saquaíra. One day, while Maraú was out fishing, his neighbor, Camamu, came ashore, and he and Saquaíra fell deeply in love. Camamu took her away in his canoe, and when Maraú returned to discover her abduction, he desperately begged the gods for a faster one. They granted his lovesick plea, and away he went after her at top speed, surfing the waves and sculpting the peninsula´s curved beaches and bays as he went.
Today, the region is a dreamy wonderland of rich, golden sands, rugged white cliffs, nodding coconut palms, cool waterfalls, teeming coral reefs, tranquil mangrove forests and restingas––special forests that grows on shifting coastal dunes.
Unfortunately, humans are having a massive impact on the landscape. Less than 5% of the original forest cover remains, yet 40% of its plants and 60% of its vertebrates––including a long-hair maned sloth, giant armadillo, giant otter, and unique local populations of cougar, jaguar, and ocelot––are found nowhere else in the world. New species are discovered frequently: over a thousand new flowering plants, a black-faced lion tamarin recently believed extinct, and a brightly blonde-haired capuchin monkey in recent years. Meanwhile, the mangroves and estuaries provide critical nurseries for the fish, crustaceans, and mollusks that feed these populations.
Inhabitating such a precious and endangered habitat requires the region's hotels to care for it just as they care for the visitors who come here. The Votu Hotel, designed by GCP Arquitectura and Urbanismo, embraces the challenge using biomimicry, an innovative approach to design that is in accordance with nature. GCP even has a biologist on staff––Alessandra Araujo, a Certified Biomimicry Specialist educated by Biomimicry 3.8––and it's her job to enhance natural processes already at work here by tapping nature's proven solutions––those favored for hundreds of millions of years of evolution.
Related: 6 groundbreaking examples of tech innovations inspired by biomimicry
The GCP team sought to maintain and support the region's native species while minimizing air conditioning and electricity consumption, and good water management, ventilation, and thermal comfort were also critically important. These requirements were made challenging by the vulnerability of these shores to heavy rain, floods, coastal erosion, high temperatures, salt spray, and high humidity. To solve these problems, Araujo looked at species that solve these same kinds of challenges. Prairie dogs, for instance, are social rodents that live in large colonies or towns where outside temperatures can reach 100°F in the summer and -35°F in the winter. They rely on long underground burrows to insulate them from such extremes. GCP borrowed this concept for Votu, using concrete walls and a roof garden to buffer heat. The burrows also leverage a natural process called the Bernoulli principle, in which air flow is slowed by the prairie dogs' earthen mounds, increasing pressure and forcing air to flow quickly through the tunnels. Votu's team mimicked this clever strategy by optimizing the position of each bungalow using computer modeling, and placing a semi-permeable guardrail in front of the prevailing winds, slowing them and drawing air into ventilation ducts below the roof.
The bungalow shell itself was inspired by another biological champion, the saguaro cactus, which relies on long spines and accordion-like folds to mitigate extremes of heat and exposure. The deep folds offer partial shade, cooling air on the shaded side and creating a gradient that facilitates circulation and minimizes heat absorption. The Votu bungalows mimic this strategy with vertical, wooden, self-shading slats.
Local species were consulted as well. The little houses rest on stilts, just as the native mangroves and restinga forest trees do, preserving the natural topography and allowing the unimpeded flow of rainwater and tides. Meanwhile, the kitchen takes inspiration from the toco toucan, a local bird that experiences large temperature swings, from hot days to cool nights. The large, vascularized toucan beak is an extremely efficient thermal radiator, offering the greatest thermal exchange known among animals. Heat from the kitchen is dissipated the same way: as it rises, it is drawn into a copper coil that passes through the rooftop soil. Air cools in the shade of a roof garden, and eventually returns to the kitchen: a natural air conditioner requiring no additional energy.
Biomimicry is known for its reliance on a simple set of Life's Principles, and GCP is dedicated to following them. One Araujo particularly loves is "Be resource efficient," which the team did by relying on multifunctional design, low energy processes, recycling, and fitting form to function. The bottom of Votu's concrete structure doubles as the bathroom wall, for instance, while the upper part forms the roof. In front of the hotel, a thicket of bamboo intercepts any run-off from the bungalows or tidal wash from the beach, acting as a living filter against salinity, bacteria, or pollutants. In back of the bungalows, graywater goes into the banana circle, while blackwater passes through a biodigester and biofilter, ending in a compost pile that fertilizes a fruit-bearing orchard for the guests to enjoy.
GCP's approach to conservation and tourism may seem unusual, but biomimicry has been growing in popularity among architects for a long time. And after all, these ideas are proven winners, nature's survivors. Why reinvent the wheel? And maybe, just maybe, such bio-inspiration will let nature's wild places continue to survive and thrive as we enjoy them.
+ GCP Arquitetura & Urbanismo
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2 thoughts on "Biomimicry helps nature-lovers and fragile wildlife co-exist at the Votu Hotel in Brazil"
greenlawn3d September 21, 2017 at 1:49 pm
Thanks For Sharing, Your Article Is Very Useful For Digital Modeling... I Gland This Topic... Visit us: http://3d-architectural-walkthrough.com
the diagrams should be in English
votu-hotel-01-1-1
2d36dd47870605.58879380ba6ad
5e277666b48aa2f95e69861fe37c7819
Biomimicry brings nature-lovers and wildlife together at the Votu Hotel in Brazil
22d86e2ead9a52973655dda33a24aa7b
Inhabitating such a precious and endangered habitat requires the region's hotels to care for it just as they care for the visitors who come here. The Votu Hotel, designed by GCP Arquitectura and Urbanismo, embraces the challenge using biomimicry, an innovative approach to design that is in accordance with nature. GCP even has a biologist on staff––Alessandro Araujo, a Certified Biomimicry Specialist educated by Biomimicry 3.8––and it's her job to enhance natural processes already at work here by tapping nature's proven solutions––those favored for hundreds of millions of years of evolution.
Mangrove_swamp_Iriomote_Island_Okinawa_Japan
votu-hotel-03-1
votu-hotel-galeria-Chale-Corte-C2_2
aereailha


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Erin Hawkins, top executive of the United Methodist Commission on Religion and Race, commemorates the 40th anniversary of the dissolution of the Central Jurisdiction during the denomination's 2008 General Conference in Fort Worth, Texas.
General Conference 2008 honored men and women who worked 40 years ago for the end of a separate Central Jurisdiction for black Methodists and who sacrificed to integrate The United Methodist Church.
"We honor you today for your life witness and your stand as an ambassador of justice and reconciliation in the church," said Erin Hawkins, chief executive of the United Methodist Commission on Religion and Race.
Hawkins led the April 27 celebration of the dissolution of the Central Jurisdiction, which was formed in 1939 as a segregated place for black Methodists in the merger of the Methodist Protestant Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. It was dissolved in 1968 as part of the union of The Methodist Church and The Evangelical United Brethren Church that established The United Methodist Church and formed the five current geographic jurisdictions in the United States.
"In honoring the Central Jurisdiction, we acknowledge the advances we have made and the challenges we still face as a church," Hawkins said.
The General Commission on Religion and Race, also formed in 1968, monitored the multiyear process of integrating the annual conferences. Many church members helped with the process despite being ostracized by other members.
"For Methodist blacks, the creation of the racially segregated Central Jurisdiction was a humiliating disappointment," W. Astor Kirk told General Conference delegates. He was a member of the Committee of Five, which sought the dissolution of the Central Jurisdiction.
However, Kirk said, "many resourceful men and women used the organization as an instrument for empowering Methodist blacks."
With the dissolution of the Central Jurisdiction, black Methodists developed a plan for lobbying and presenting resolutions, including facilitating the creation of the Commission on Religion and Race. They also formed Black Methodists for Church Renewal Inc., which launched initiatives such as the Black College Fund, Strengthening the Black Church for the 21st Century and the African-American United Methodist Heritage Center.
"The merger ... in 1968, which eliminated the principle of mandatory segregation in the church known as the Central Jurisdiction, was an essential step which paved the way for The United Methodist Church today to continue battling its demons of privilege, prejudice and racism," said Angella Current-Felder, an executive staff member of the United Methodist Board of Higher Education and Ministry.
At the celebration, she introduced herself as a fourth generation Methodist and the daughter of the denomination's first female African-American bishop, Leontine Turpeau Current Kelly, and the late Rev. Gloster Bryant Current of the New York Conference. "My mother has often declared, 'Racism has no business in the church of Jesus Christ,'" Current-Felder said.
But she added that "without the memory of the Central Jurisdiction, we cannot know that it is possible to overcome a legacy of hatred and exclusion and move toward unity in Christ Jesus."
Bishop Forrest C. Stith, retired and chair of the African-American Methodist Heritage Center, said, "We especially grieve that in 1939 hundreds of thousands of African Americans were marginalized. &ellipsis; We are thankful for thousands of African Americans who chose to stay in the church."
Today there are about 500,000 African-American U.S. members of The United Methodist Church, including 12 bishops and more than 2,400 predominantly black congregations.
Earlier in the day, General Conference 2008 approved funding of $100,000 per year in 2009-2012 for the African-American Methodist Heritage Center. Created by the 2004 General Conference, the center gathers stories, artifacts and other historical items of African-American Methodists from the mid-18th century to the present.
Even after 40 years of integration, people of color are but one group still seeking full inclusion in the life of the church.
Closing the celebration, Stith prayed, "Now we remember, reflect and rededicate our lives as we praise you, oh God, for it was 40 years ago that our Methodist Church crossed the difficult divide in a series of decisions that eliminated the Central Jurisdiction. Now we boldly move toward the kingdom promised by Jesus Christ, even here on earth."
*White is associate editor of Interpreter magazine.
News media contact: Deborah White, e-mail: newsdesk@umcom.org.


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text:
Q: What was the titular glitch? With its third season, the show Glitch has ended. The series followed the path of a couple of people who had come back from the dead.
By the end, viewers were not given an explanation on how the phenomenon happened after all1. Now I'm wondering:
What exactly does the title "Glitch" refer to?
Was the entire story (starting with the first returned) a glitch of the universe? Was it every return from the dead that was considered a glitch? Was the title maybe even chosen during the early stages of planning when the nature of the phenomenon was still being debated by the producers, and something where the title "glitch" could be fitting was being considered (think "virtual environment with the glitch of dead characters coming back")?

1: Not at last because the two major opinions about the nature of the phenomenon - a cosmic imbalance that must be corrected at all cost vs. a scientifically interesting process that must be analyzed and may or may not be repeated without any inherent repercussions - never got a chance to get properly juxtaposed and compared due to the shady behaviour of the people involved on both sides.

A: The title was chosen (from a range of titles) to indicate that something had gone wrong.

Even the name is a departure from the more gothic, old-school names
favoured by the French and American productions. The word 'glitch'
conjures up images of computers and technology, but at its most basic,
it simply tells you that there's been an error. "We really looked for
another one, but we couldn't find anything that was in some ways as
blank as 'Glitch'. Every time we put another title on, it was just too
heavy-handed and it loaded the show up too much."
"It's going to be a challenge, and ambitious, but I feel up for it": an interview with Lou Fox

In true Lost/Happening fashion, there was no explanation for what happened, even after the show had resolved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Each week, London Strategy Unit's Matt Boffey reads one of the most influential books from the world of innovation, marketing or creativity so you don't have to. In today's Booknote, he tells us whether Jeremy Gutsche's 'Better and Faster' really is 'The Proven Path to Unstoppable Ideas' it claims to be.
Because it's packed full of innovation case studies that range from Red Bull to the ring buying start-up for failed engagements: I Did Now I Didn't. In Better and Faster Gutsche calls for the end of what he calls 'farmer' thinking: looking to drive profit from efficiency savings and squeezing a bit more from what you already do. Innovators are 'hunters', they seek an opportunity based on its breakthrough potential irrespective of their own area of expertise.
Hunters, Gutsche argues, use these opportunity patterns as a framework for building their breakthrough ideas into coherent products and services.
Part II, where Gutsche goes deep on each of the above areas. He argues that it's not just start-ups who can tap into those patterns - the best corporations succeed because they rethink their organisations along those lines too. One case study for acceleration is IBM: they deliberately exited hardware markets to focus on problem-solving algorithms. They now provide predictive software across industries: enabling banks to anticipate global market changes and helping doctors in the US make data-assisted diagnoses.
Part I, where Gutsche sets up the hunter / farmer dichotomy which he sporadically refers back to later in the book. It's a little heavy on the bombastic self-help tone and doesn't have any of the insight and real-world applications that make the second part so good.
Gutsche went straight from a directorship at Capital One to launching Trendhunter.com, an online trends and innovations dashboard that's studied over 250,000 innovations and advises 300 brands.
Anything about trends written before 2015. Better and Faster contains hundreds of up-to-date case studies, many of which refer to ideas realised only in the last six months. Being an out of date trend hunter is a cardinal sin.
Because though it seems like every good idea has already been done, looking at old problems with a view to achieving an elegant, simple solution can lead to breakthrough ideas. Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey solved the relatively small problem of allowing independent businesses to accept card payments. The result was Square - founded in 2009 and now worth over $5 billion.
If you're delaying starting a new project or pursuing a new idea - jump into it. Escalate commitment and apply pressure by making a public statement of your intent. Toronto based consultant Sang Kim leveraged this pressure when he created and launched a restaurant in 30 days, turning his personal quest into a media stunt by printing a URL on the building to a website that charted his journey and drove user engagement.


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Fleas carry some serious diseases like bubonic plague and typhus.
Wash your clothes, stuffed animals, bed linens, blankets, throws and any other fabrics that have been exposed to the flea bombs. Fleas and their eggs are able to survive on just about anything in your house. If your draperies are not able to go in the washer, take them to the cleaners or at least vacuum them. If you have a baby in the house, make sure to wash anything the child is able to put in her mouth using warm soapy water.
Vacuum the entire house, and be especially thorough. This picks up any flea eggs, larvae and pupae. Vacuum the furniture, carpet, along the edges of rooms, beneath furniture, cushions and beds. Launder any throw rugs. If you don't have carpet, sweep, mop and rinse the floors and make sure you get every room. After you're finished, dispose of the vacuum bag outside.
Put away all eating utensils before flea bombing your house. If you forget to do this, all dishes are to go in the dishwasher, or get washed and rinsed by hand. Wash down the countertops, stove and all other appliances. If food such as fruit, boxes of cereal or anything else edible got left out on the countertops, dispose of it.
Spray your yard for fleas. Mike Potter, extension entomologist at the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, recommends insecticides containing chlorpyrifos (Dursban) or permethrin. For long-term treatment of kennels and outdoor areas, use products containing an insect growth regulator such as methoprene or pyriproxyfen. Read the warning label directions on these products and follow carefully.
Wash all pet bedding, blankets and toys. If the pet bedding won't fit in the washer, throw it away and purchase new bedding. Wash pet dishes in hot water, and put down a fresh bowl of water for your pets.
Bathe your pets and treat them for fleas. If you skip this step, your time and hard work is wasted. Speak to your veterinarian about flea-prevention products. She sells the most effective products, and they are also available online. If your pets are kept on flea prevention year-round, you're unlikely to experience another flea infestation.
How do I Use Borax to Keep Lizards Away?


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text:
PFR Home Page > Boxscores > Philadelphia Eagles at St. Louis Cardinals - December 18th, 1983
St. Louis Cardinals Schedule
Philadelphia Eagles Schedule
Cardinals Starters
Philadelphia Eagles at St. Louis Cardinals - December 18th, 1983
Prev Game
Coach: Jim Hanifan
Coach: Marion Campbell
Start Time: 1:00pm
Stadium: Busch Stadium
Philadelphia Eagles 0 0 0 7 7
St. Louis Cardinals 7 7 10 7 31
Cardinals Ottis Anderson 12 yard rush (Neil O'Donoghue kick) 0 7
Cardinals Roy Green 10 yard pass from Neil Lomax (Neil O'Donoghue kick) 0 14
Cardinals Neil O'Donoghue 28 yard field goal 0 17
Cardinals Randy Love 1 yard rush (Neil O'Donoghue kick) 0 24
Cardinals Doug Marsh 29 yard pass from Neil Lomax (Neil O'Donoghue kick) 0 31
Eagles Mike Quick 20 yard pass from Ron Jaworski (Tony Franklin kick) 7 31
Ron Jaworski
PHI 21 45 298 1 4 11 74 50 38.9 0 0 0 0 0 0
Harold Carmichael
PHI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 102 0 35
Hubie Oliver
PHI 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 0 7 5 42 0 14
Max Runager
PHI 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 6 0 0 0
Michael Haddix
PHI 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 5 4 45 0 17
Mike Quick
PHI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 84 1 50
Lawrence Sampleton
Tony Woodruff
Melvin Hoover
PHI 0 0 0 0 0 3 -5 0 0 0 0 0
Neil Lomax
STL 14 28 178 2 1 4 31 31 79.2 4 19 0 15 0 0 0
Ottis Anderson
STL 0 0 0 0 0 23 156 1 26 2 8 0 5
Earl Ferrell
STL 0 0 0 0 0 5 32 0 21 0 0 0
Stump Mitchell
Doug Marsh
STL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 64 1 29
Roy Green
Pat Tilley
Danny Pittman
Randy Love
STL 0 0 0 0 0 2 -1 1 1 0 0 0
Eagles Starters
You are here: PFR Home Page > Boxscores > Philadelphia Eagles at St. Louis Cardinals - December 18th, 1983


A salary is a periodic payment given from an employer according to contract either on a weekly or monthly basis. It is in contrast with an hourly wage which has a different mode of payment. Hourly wages may be paid after few collected hours or exactly after an hour has finished. It has no scheduled to be paid on a periodic basis. Salary is a fixed amount of money paid to the employee for his/her assigned work after a fixed interval of time. Usually, salaries are determined according to the market rate for the same business or nature of the job in the same region. Salaries may also be determined according to an individual employer.
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A merit certificate is usually issued by an educational institute for the student who performs exceptionally well at the end of year result. The principal or the head of the institute award this certificate to the concerned student. Usually, a ceremony is conducted in the institute premises or somewhere else outside. The certificate can also be awarded for better performance in extracurricular activities category.
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With forecasts predicting upwards of 10 inches of snow for the city later this week, it's time to deal with the yearly struggle of shoveling out parking spots and people placing everything from traffic cones to vacuums outside to save their cleared out spaces.
In typical Philadelphia Police Department fashion, they've released a parody video of Drake's "Hotline Bling" for their #nosavesies campaign.
Last year we shared with you this video of "Sammy's Space Savers," showing what you're not supposed to do to save your parking spots. The PPD has released a variety of memes like "Game of Cones" in the past.
As you can see from the image, Drake is throwing around traffic cones. Though 1-800-no-savesies may sound cooler, the PPD encourages you to call 911 to report neighbors saving parking spots. Check out the full video here.
This is South Philly, after all, we all know how much the parking matters here.


text:
Oomyzus gallerucae is een vliesvleugelig insect uit de familie Eulophidae. De wetenschappelijke naam is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1832 door Fonscolombe.

Eulophidae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package flow;

import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mock;

import static flow.Direction.FORWARD;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Fail.fail;
import static org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations.initMocks;

public class ReentranceTest {

  @Mock KeyManager keyManager;
  Flow flow;
  History lastStack;
  TraversalCallback lastCallback;

  @Before public void setUp() {
    initMocks(this);
  }

  @Test public void reentrantGo() {
    Dispatcher dispatcher = new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal navigation, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        lastStack = navigation.destination;
        Object next = navigation.destination.top();
        if (next instanceof Detail) {
          flow.set(new Loading());
        } else if (next instanceof Loading) {
          flow.set(new Error());
        }
        callback.onTraversalCompleted();
      }
    };
    flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));
    flow.setDispatcher(dispatcher);
    flow.set(new Detail());
    verifyHistory(lastStack, new Error(), new Loading(), new Detail(), new Catalog());
  }

  @Test public void reentrantGoThenBack() {
    Dispatcher dispatcher = new Dispatcher() {
      boolean loading = true;

      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal navigation, @NonNull TraversalCallback onComplete) {
        lastStack = navigation.destination;
        Object next = navigation.destination.top();
        if (loading) {
          if (next instanceof Detail) {
            flow.set(new Loading());
          } else if (next instanceof Loading) {
            flow.set(new Error());
          } else if (next instanceof Error) {
            loading = false;
            flow.goBack();
          }
        } else {
          if (next instanceof Loading) {
            ReentranceTest.this.flow.goBack();
          }
        }
        onComplete.onTraversalCompleted();
      }
    };
    flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));
    flow.setDispatcher(dispatcher);
    flow.set(new Detail());
    verifyHistory(lastStack, new Detail(), new Catalog());
  }

  @Test public void reentrantForwardThenGo() {
    Flow flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));
    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        lastStack = traversal.destination;
        Object next = traversal.destination.top();
        if (next instanceof Detail) {
          ReentranceTest.this.flow.setHistory(
              History.emptyBuilder().push(new Detail()).push(new Loading()).build(), FORWARD);
        } else if (next instanceof Loading) {
          ReentranceTest.this.flow.set(new Error());
        }
        callback.onTraversalCompleted();
      }
    });
    this.flow = flow;
    flow.set(new Detail());
    verifyHistory(lastStack, new Error(), new Loading(), new Detail());
  }

  @Test public void goBackQueuesUp() {
    final Queue<TraversalCallback> callbacks = new LinkedList<>();

    Flow flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));
    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        callbacks.add(callback);
        lastStack = traversal.destination;
      }
    });

    flow.set(new Detail());
    flow.set(new Error());
    assertThat(flow.goBack()).isTrue();

    while (!callbacks.isEmpty()) {
      callbacks.poll().onTraversalCompleted();
    }

    verifyHistory(lastStack, new Detail(), new Catalog());
  }

  @Test public void overwflowQueuedBackupsNoOp() {
    final Queue<TraversalCallback> callbacks = new LinkedList<>();

    Flow flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));
    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        callbacks.add(callback);
        lastStack = traversal.destination;
      }
    });

    flow.set(new Detail());

    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      assertThat(flow.goBack()).isTrue();
    }

    int callbackCount = 0;
    while (!callbacks.isEmpty()) {
      callbackCount++;
      callbacks.poll().onTraversalCompleted();
    }

    assertThat(callbackCount).isEqualTo(3);
    verifyHistory(lastStack, new Catalog());
  }

  @Test public void reentranceWaitsForCallback() {
    Dispatcher dispatcher = new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        lastStack = traversal.destination;
        lastCallback = callback;
        Object next = traversal.destination.top();
        if (next instanceof Detail) {
          flow.set(new Loading());
        } else if (next instanceof Loading) {
          flow.set(new Error());
        }
      }
    };
    flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));
    flow.setDispatcher(dispatcher);
    lastCallback.onTraversalCompleted();

    flow.set(new Detail());
    verifyHistory(flow.getHistory(), new Catalog());
    lastCallback.onTraversalCompleted();
    verifyHistory(flow.getHistory(), new Detail(), new Catalog());
    lastCallback.onTraversalCompleted();
    verifyHistory(flow.getHistory(), new Loading(), new Detail(), new Catalog());
    lastCallback.onTraversalCompleted();
    verifyHistory(flow.getHistory(), new Error(), new Loading(), new Detail(), new Catalog());
  }

  @Test public void onCompleteThrowsIfCalledTwice() {
    flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));
    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        lastStack = traversal.destination;
        lastCallback = callback;
      }
    });

    lastCallback.onTraversalCompleted();
    try {
      lastCallback.onTraversalCompleted();
    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
      return;
    }
    fail("Second call to onComplete() should have thrown.");
  }

  @Test public void bootstrapTraversal() {
    flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));

    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        lastStack = traversal.destination;
        callback.onTraversalCompleted();
      }
    });

    verifyHistory(lastStack, new Catalog());
  }

  @Test public void pendingTraversalReplacesBootstrap() {
    final AtomicInteger dispatchCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
    flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));
    flow.set(new Detail());

    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        dispatchCount.incrementAndGet();
        lastStack = traversal.destination;
        callback.onTraversalCompleted();
      }
    });

    verifyHistory(lastStack, new Detail(), new Catalog());
    assertThat(dispatchCount.intValue()).isEqualTo(1);
  }

  @Test public void allPendingTraversalsFire() {
    flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));
    flow.set(new Loading());
    flow.set(new Detail());
    flow.set(new Error());

    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        lastCallback = callback;
      }
    });

    lastCallback.onTraversalCompleted();
    verifyHistory(flow.getHistory(), new Loading(), new Catalog());

    lastCallback.onTraversalCompleted();
    verifyHistory(flow.getHistory(), new Detail(), new Loading(), new Catalog());
  }

  @Test public void clearingDispatcherMidTraversalPauses() {
    flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));

    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        flow.set(new Loading());
        flow.removeDispatcher(this);
        callback.onTraversalCompleted();
      }
    });

    verifyHistory(flow.getHistory(), new Catalog());

    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        callback.onTraversalCompleted();
      }
    });

    verifyHistory(flow.getHistory(), new Loading(), new Catalog());
  }

  @Test public void dispatcherSetInMidFlightWaitsForBootstrap() {
    flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));
    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        lastCallback = callback;
      }
    });
    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        lastStack = traversal.destination;
        callback.onTraversalCompleted();
      }
    });

    assertThat(lastStack).isNull();
    lastCallback.onTraversalCompleted();
    verifyHistory(lastStack, new Catalog());
  }

  @Test public void dispatcherSetInMidFlightWithBigQueueNeedsNoBootstrap() {
    final AtomicInteger secondDispatcherCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
    flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));
    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        flow.set(new Detail());
        lastCallback = callback;
      }
    });
    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        secondDispatcherCount.incrementAndGet();
        lastStack = traversal.destination;
        callback.onTraversalCompleted();
      }
    });

    assertThat(lastStack).isNull();
    lastCallback.onTraversalCompleted();
    verifyHistory(lastStack, new Detail(), new Catalog());
    assertThat(secondDispatcherCount.get()).isEqualTo(1);
  }

  @Test public void traversalsQueuedAfterDispatcherRemovedBootstrapTheNextOne() {
    final AtomicInteger secondDispatcherCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
    flow = new Flow(keyManager, History.single(new Catalog()));

    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        lastCallback = callback;
        flow.removeDispatcher(this);
        flow.set(new Loading());
      }
    });

    verifyHistory(flow.getHistory(), new Catalog());

    flow.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
      @Override
      public void dispatch(@NonNull Traversal traversal, @NonNull TraversalCallback callback) {
        secondDispatcherCount.incrementAndGet();
        callback.onTraversalCompleted();
      }
    });

    assertThat(secondDispatcherCount.get()).isZero();
    lastCallback.onTraversalCompleted();

    assertThat(secondDispatcherCount.get()).isEqualTo(1);
    verifyHistory(flow.getHistory(), new Loading(), new Catalog());
  }

  static class Catalog extends TestKey {
    Catalog() {
      super("catalog");
    }
  }

  static class Detail extends TestKey {
    Detail() {
      super("detail");
    }
  }

  static class Loading extends TestKey {
    Loading() {
      super("loading");
    }
  }

  static class Error extends TestKey {
    Error() {
      super("error");
    }
  }

  private void verifyHistory(History history, Object... keys) {
    List<Object> actualKeys = new ArrayList<>(history.size());
    for (Object entry : history.framesFromTop()) {
      actualKeys.add(entry);
    }
    assertThat(actualKeys).containsExactly(keys);
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
CICE 2022 Conference Papers Index
Go Back | All Journals | CICE 2022 Conference Papers Index - cice-2022
Inclusive Education in Ireland 2022: Critical Reflection to Inform International Practice
The educational landscape for children with special educational needs (SEN) and disabilities has changed significantly over recent years. Across the globe, educational contexts have been transformed from practices of exclusion and difference to that of inclusion and diversity. In an Irish context, these changes are evident across legislation, policies and practices, where the Irish education system has sought to embrace difference and move towards more inclusive schools and classrooms. On the whole, Ireland has made significant progress over the past two decades, with endless examples of evidence-based, best practice across classrooms, schools and the wider education system. On the other hand, however, a range of challenges to inclusive education still permeate Irish education, where various barriers to inclusion exist across different levels of the system. Based on critical reflection on national and international research, policy and practices, Dr. Griffin will provide an in-depth overview of the current status of inclusive education in Ireland 2022, with reference to strengths, challenges and future opportunities for positive change. Using the bio-ecological model as a framework for analysis, emphasis will be placed on lessons that can be learned from the Irish education system to inform evidence-based, best practices across other international educational settings. Key areas of discussion will include mainstream schooling versus special schools, the role of special classes in mainstream schools, new models of special education provision and teaching, paraprofessional support, student voice, support services for schools, differentiation versus Universal Design for Learning and capacity building of teachers and schools.
Speaker: Claire Griffin
Published in: Canada International Conference on Education, 2022
Date of Conference: 21-23 June, 2022
DOI: 10.20533/CICE.2022.0005
Electronic ISBN: 978-1-913572-49-5
Conference Location: Virtual (Mississauga, Canada)


text:
This classic of the German studio Piranha Bytes has been a secret recommendation in circles of RPG-lovers for as long as it has been released. Being an originally German game by a German studio, and already (to date) over 17 years old, it is understandable that it is not as known in other parts of the world as much as it is revered in the German-speaking area and especially (and this might come as a surprise to some) in Eastern-Europe.
As a matter of fact, both Gothic 1 and Gothic 2 along with its expansion Night of the Raven (NotR) have had a huge success in various Eastern-European countries such as Poland or Russia, fielding a loyal fandom that is still very active and even keeps bringing out new mods to this day.
But what makes this old classic so special? What makes fans swear by a game with outdated graphics and an at best wonky combat system? Beware that this review contains spoilers for Gothic 1. Should you decide to play the first part before checking out Gothic 2, I recommend you stop reading here.
The first and probably strongest argument I have to make for Gothic is its immersion and the world. Rarely does a game make it so easy to believe that the world you are just now entering is a real, authentic place that is not just a stage or designed level for a video game.
The barrier or how it quickly turned wrong
To understand the world of Gothic 2 , we must first delve a little bit into Gothic 1. The first installment of the series is basically a smaller, less polished, and less successful but still brilliant version of the second title. It lays the foundation for the series' strength and sets the overall tone for the story.
You play the Nameless Hero. A witty, at times cynical and seemingly ordinary guy who just got thrown into a penal colony called The Valley Of Mines on the island of Khorinis. The king has commanded his mages to set up a magical barrier around the valley, that transmits everything from the outside world but does not let anything escape once it has entered.
Said mines are to extract magical ore that is used for the king's war against the orc-hordes on the mainland, while the barrier is supposed to ensure that the extraction of ore is protected. This makes being thrown into the colony effectively a life-sentence of forced labor.
However, things go wrong very quickly. Upon establishment of the barrier, a miscalculation of the mages makes it grow bigger than expected and imprisons the mages themselves. To add to that, the prisoners who were already in the colony use this situation to stage an uprising against the guards. They take over the castle in the valley and effectively control the whole area. The result is a brutal quasi-dictatorship that controls the mines and forces the king to barter with the criminals who are now in charge. Women, supplies, and fresh prisoners are traded regularly against shipments of ore.
You are now inside this strange and brutal place and have to fend for yourself amongst murderers and rapists. Basically, you need to survive and ultimately find a way to get out of this prison. Without going into too much detail on how, you succeed in this task by bringing down the whole barrier.
Actions really do have consequences
Gothic 2 is a continuation of this story. The barrier has fallen (by your hands) and hundreds of criminals have been unleashed on the rest of the island of Khorinis. A dark magician – Xardas – that you met while you were inside has saved you from impending doom, as you were buried under boulders on the day you brought down the barrier. You are weakened, without any equipment, and already facing a new monumental task. Your adventures in the Valley of Mines have attracted a new menace. Dragons! Ultimate killing machines of evil that are threatening the whole island. You are to retrieve a magical amulet, the Eye of Innos, and return back to the Valley to defeat them.
How the war affects the Island
To be honest, this already sounds very unique and exciting, and the strange but enticing story is already an argument. The aftermath of your actions in Gothic 1 just makes sense. You go out of Xardas' tower and encounter countless bandits and cutthroats that try to scam you or even outright kill you for the gold you have. You realize that some of the ex-cons have banded up to a group of mercenaries. They have allied up with big farmers around the city who protest against the rising war taxes that the king imposes. The fall of the barrier and subsequent escape of the convicts has brought ore-extractions to a halt. Naturally, the king has sent out troops to ensure that the operations continue. Elite Paladins have set up in the city.
Suddenly, what has been a normal island seaport, is now in the middle of political conflict around war and resources. And the magical, dark threat of Dragons is about to crash the party.
Right at the start, you encounter a bandit that seems very suspicious
You are in the middle of all this. Your job is to get the Eye of Innos and for that, you will have to join one of the three factions that are powerful enough to aid you in this endeavor. You are going to have to choose sides. You are going to have to rattle cages as well. And rest assured that your actions are going to cause more consequences. Effectively, you are a real part of this world and everything in this game makes you feel like it. And the way the game tells you about all of this is not by lengthy trailer-explanations, but by simply throwing you into the world and letting you explore all the intricacies of Khorinis yourself. You have to talk to the people and slowly figure out how the political landscape is shifting before you can figure out how to do your job.
Immersion does not necessarily mean that you need high-quality jaw-opening graphics that make you feel like you are stepping into a real world. In this game, it is provided by the life that the designers have breathed into it. The whole world is just alive. Small enemies that are just part of natural wildlife like wolves or molerats are around everywhere. NPCs feel alive as well. They will have daily routines that will include simple things like having a chat with somebody and can range to complex procedures like the process of forging a new sword. They will do their work and then slowly stroll into the next pub or inn to reward themselves with a nice beer or a sip of wine. Some of them even will take a small break from their shop-stand to relieve themselves at the city walls! And you can hear and feel all of this. When you walk through the town you might pass the smith who has just finished his shift. Or you hear some woman talking about the latest rumors to her neighbor. Somebody might just approach you with a message or a question.
This guy has a wanted poster with your face on and is curious
Excellent sound design, great voice-acting, and NPC-design ahead of its time are what make Gothic 2 feel alive. Like you are just another average part of this city. Sometimes I will pass a part of the city where most of the traders relax and smoke water-pipe and I will feel the urge to just sit down next to them and enjoy the relaxing atmosphere.
A lot of RPGs that have come out in recent times have clear weaknesses in this regard. While some titles like Bethesda's Skyrim opt for generic dungeons and enemies that level with you, Piranha Bytes chose a different approach. There are no zones for you to progress through. No artificial barriers that block you from entering something just because you might be too low level. The world is designed naturally. For instance, paths between main locations feel safe most of the time while delving into the deeper parts of the forest quickly becomes very dangerous. Gothic 2 emphasizes exploration.
A bit of dialogue here and there will tell you which parts of the island are more dangerous than others. However, for the most part, you will just have to find out yourself. You might think you are the boss when you kill a couple of wolves and try to take a stroll into the dangerous eastern part of the forest, only to get your teeth kicked in by some armed to the teeth cutthroats that were just waiting for a freebie like you.
Maybe you will find yourself in front of a small cave that has bright red pools of blood, bones, and old weapons scattered around. If you are curious, you will enter and see what horror has caused such bloodshed only to be ripped apart by a terrifying shadow beast
You probably don't wanna face this bad boy too early in the game
Or maybe your explorations will yield a quick find to a strong weapon that is going to give you a power spike for future plans.
The point is: Gothic 2 does not try to hold your hand. It will throw you into its world and barely show you anything. You will just have to see for yourself. You might die a lot. But it's going to feel so much more rewarding once you have gained some new armor or weapon and a couple of levels and can now explore with a new sense of courage.
What also works really well in this game is the way your character progresses. I do mean development in your in-game stats as your hero is always gonna be the opportunistic badass that he already was in the first installment of the game. You do not get skill points that you can just put into stats as you level up.
What you have to do is find a teacher that knows more than you. However, you also need to convince him to share his secrets. Sometimes that's just as easy as asking, and other times you will have to pay or do some sort of quest for the character. You might want to improve your crossbow-skills, but the only teacher in town only teaches members of the militia. So you might look for a teacher elsewhere, and perhaps find another one. A hunter in the wilderness in Khorinis for example can teach you. Except that he has lost his crossbow while hunting in the woods and you will have to find it for him first.
Its also really cool, how the focus of your stats changes the way you approach the game. Gothic 2 doesn't exactly offer a plethora of different fighting styles but say focusing on magic will drastically alter the way you play the game, because there isn't any way to learn how to cast spells (scrolls not-withstanding) without joining the monastery of Innos, essentially the Mages' Guild.
Which brings us to the next part…
Questing and progression
Gothic 2 has three factions. The story will force you to join one of them and each play-through will feel vastly different. Join the mercenaries that have a bunch of characters you might know from Gothic 1 and you will feel a similar experience to said part. Ex-cons everywhere, fistfights (or duels), and impressing your peers through a show of strength or wit is what awaits you. Join the militia and you are suddenly a constable who investigates criminal activity in the city and has aspirations to become a paladin. Or you could join the monastery. Start as a novice, and do simple household work like cleaning the rooms or distributing sausage among the other novices. Perhaps you will get the privilege to do research in the library and eventually become a full-fledged Fire Mage of Innos. An ex-con who is now a priest!
Each path to these guilds is extremely entertaining, full of surprises, and makes you feel like you are actually a member of this group now. And that's just the beginning. Countless quests in this game have sudden twists, interesting elements, or seamless integration into the rest of the world. Sometimes you will just have to pick turnips for a farmer to get some extra gold. Or you might ask the farmer to reduce his price on the farm-workers clothes that he is selling. Use the clothes to act like you are just a peasant from the farm in order to not get stopped by the guards of the city who will not just let anyone through. Apart from the immersion, quests might be the strongest suit of this game. There is barely a task you have to do that is not in some way or another elaborate and engaging.
Canthar wants us to frame another merchant for stealing his stall
There is not much to say here, except that it is beautiful. Just listen to it yourself. The music was composed by Kai Rosenkranz who is simply a genius. Each song enhances the experience and atmosphere and frankly, just listening to some of the tracks takes me back right into the heart of Khorinis. Have a listen here
Gothic 2 is a different breed of a game. It is old, and not everything is perfect. The combat system for example will be fairly simple and feel at times dull. However, the experience that awaits you if you just dive in head-on into this game is one so unique and one of a kind, that its gonna make it to the list of games you wish you could play for the first time again. Gothic 2 is weird but engaging, it's old but beautiful (there are tools to improve the graphics though), it's witty and charming. It makes no excuses and doesn't hold you by the hand. And also, its age makes it cheap these days.
My advice is: Pick it up! Give it a try. The worst that could happen is that you spent a few bucks. The best thing however is that you might share my feelings of enthusiasm and immerse yourself into a world that is full of real passion. A world, where you can feel that the people that made it, loved the shit out of it.
If you're looking to buy Gothic 2, I recommend you pick up the Gold-Edition on Steam or on the Humble Store. Can't really go wrong there!
If you are having trouble with crashes or want to mod your game, check out my modding guide:
Gothic 2 Mods: Easily Install Dozens Of Mods
Looking to play it and can't figure out how to build your character? Check out the following builds:
The 1H-Bow Dragonhunter Build
The 2H-Crossbow Paladin Build
Ultimate Guide to Permanent Bonuses in Gothic 2
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Wondering how the insides of the Tata Tiago Revotorq XT(O) look like? Get a tour of this car with the 360° degree view of the interior. Enjoy a lifelike view of the interior design of this car. Check out how the manufacturer has utilized the space and how spacious the legroom as well as the headroom are. Get a feel of the quality of the material used and see how the dashboard looks like. Check AC vents, infotainment system and other utility equipment on offer. See if the car offers steering-mounted controls. In a nutshell, this 360° degree interior view walks you through the inside of Tata Tiago Revotorq XT(O). Click anywhere on the image and drag it to the left and right to rotate. Zoom to enlarge the view!
Tata Tiago Diesel has finally made its way to the Indian auto market with a lot of hue and cry. Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) price is set at Rs. 5.2 lakh (ex-showroom, New Delhi). The car is using the "Impact design," and is receiving a lot of appreciation for its agile stance and the Revotorq engine that it is powered by. Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) images received a lot of liking, especially with its stunning design and sharp features. The list of Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) features is quite long. Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) has a length of 3746 mm, a width of 1647 mm and a height of 1535 mm. The wheelbase on the car is 2400 mm. In terms of the size inside and out, all variants are the same.
Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) 2016 gets wheel covers, rear spoiler, tinted glass, chrome grille, etc. The car is very well sculpted and the front fascia is enhanced with the Tata emblem along with the 3-dimensional headlamps with smoked lens that further add to the glorious looks. Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) colours include 6 shades: Berry Red, Platinum Silver, Sunburnt Orange, Pearlescent White, Espresso Brown and a vibrant shade of blue which is termed as Striker Blue.
Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) interiors include comfort and convenience features, like adjustable power steering, power windows – front & rear, a navigation system, and a Driving Experience Control Eco. The infotainment system is the ConnectNext system by HARMAN with 8 audio speakers that can use USB as well as AUX-in. The system also has Bluetooth connectivity. For the Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) price in India, the features in the car are galore.
Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) specifications include a 3-cylinder Revotorq CRAIL engine with multidrive. The capacity of the engine is 1047 cc and it offers a front wheel drive. The power output of Revotorq is 70 PS at 4000 rpm while the maximum torque produced is 140 Nm between 1800 – 3000 rpm. It uses a tA65 syncromesh with overdrive transmission that includes 5 forward gears and 1 reverse gear.
Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) mileage is said to be 27 kmpl within the city and 27.28 kmpl on highways. Although the claimed mileage is beyond excellent, time will tell how it fares in actual. Currently, it stands tall against the competing cars like Maruti Celerio and Hyundai Grand i10. The former offers a mileage of 27.6 kmpl whereas the latter offers 24 kmpl.
Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) variant gets central locking, power door locks along with child safety locks, and driver and passenger airbags. This variant also gets Halogen headlamps, engine immobilizer and crash sensor along with an anti-theft device. Tata Tiago Diesel Revotorq XT (O) reviews quite well with disc brakes at the front and drum brakes at the rear.
With electronic power assist and a turning radius of 4.9 m, the handing of the car is quite decent. Further, the independent McPherson dual path strut at the front and the closed profile twist beam suspension at the rear further improve the ride.


This study is designed for the student to do each week's lesson at home, and then come to class for the lesson covering that week. For example, the student completes lesson/week 5, and then comes to class for the teacher-directed interpretation and application of lesson 5.
The study is free to download. Please let me know if you find any typos that need to be corrected so we can keep improving!
Click here to view the Hebrews study.


Basketball Hall of Famer Dennis Rodman will take every opportunity as a means to talk about North Korea.
Over the weekend, the former rebounding machine went onstage during a Pearl Jam concert at PJ's Wrigley Field in Chicago. He did not go up there to sing a few lines of Even Flow, though. Rather, he took to the mic and touched on probably the only subject that makes him relevant these days, which is the hermit kingdom of Asia that is North Korea.
In addition to that, Rodman, while wielding a ukulele, also expressed his intent to be buried in the Windy City, per Madison Bloom of Pitchfork.
Rodman has crashed a Pearl Jam concert before, so what happened during the past weekend wasn't a surprise – at least to some people who've followed the band. Two years ago during a concert at Wrigley Field, Rodman got onstage and lifted the frontman in his arms while in the middle of a performance.
It can't get Eddie Vedder than this.


Just this side of Heaven is a place called The Rainbow Bridge. When an animal dies that has been especially close to someone here, that pet goes to Rainbow Bridge. There are meadows and hills for all our special friends so they can run and play together. There is plenty of food, water and sunshine, and our friends are warm and comfortable.
All the animals who had been ill or old are restored to health and vigor; those who were hurt or maimed are made whole and strong again, just as we remember them in our dreams of days gone by. The animals are happy and content, except for one small thing; they each miss someone very special to them who had to be left behind. They all run and play together, but the day comes when one suddenly stops and looks into the distance. His bright eyes are intent; his eager body quivers. Suddenly he begins to run from the group, flying over the green grass, his legs carrying him faster and faster.
You have been spotted, and when you and your special friend finally meet, you cling to each other in joyous reunion, never to be parted again. The happy kisses rain upon your face; your hands again caress the beloved head and you look once more into the trusting eyes of your pet, so long gone from your life but never absent from your heart.
Brought to you by: World Wide Information Outlet - http://certificate.net/wwio/, your source of FREEWare Content online.
Do you have any problems with your pet? Then why not send your problem to DAVID THE DOGMAN. David is a Canine Behaviourist who works and lives in Marbella, Spain. Tel/Fax (00345) 2883388. His web site is located at: http://www.thedogman.net. David has his own radio and TV shows, and writes for many newspapers and magazines. David has been working with dogs for many years and started his career in Israel, working on the Border Police. He has been involved in all forms of training, including air sea rescue, air scent work, and has trained dogs for finding drugs. David has devoted the past 10 years to studying behaviour and the very passive approach. He does not use choke chains, check chains, or any form of aggression.