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NOAA Photo Library/Flickr, CC BY-SA
We've been wrong about the origins of life for 90 years
August 15, 2016 10.40am EDT
Arunas L. Radzvilavicius, UCL
Arunas L. Radzvilavicius
Arunas L Radzvilavicius receives funding from The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).
University College London provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation UK.
For nearly nine decades, science's favorite explanation for the origin of life has been the "primordial soup". This is the idea that life began from a series of chemical reactions in a warm pond on Earth's surface, triggered by an external energy source such as lightning strike or ultraviolet (UV) light. But recent research adds weight to an alternative idea, that life arose deep in the ocean within warm, rocky structures called hydrothermal vents.
A study published last month in Nature Microbiology suggests the last common ancestor of all living cells fed on hydrogen gas in a hot iron-rich environment, much like that within the vents. Advocates of the conventional theory have been sceptical that these findings should change our view of the origins of life. But the hydrothermal vent hypothesis, which is often described as exotic and controversial, explains how living cells evolved the ability to obtain energy, in a way that just wouldn't have been possible in a primordial soup.
Under the conventional theory, life supposedly began when lightning or UV rays caused simple molecules to join together into more complex compounds. This culminated in the creation of information-storing molecules similar to our own DNA, housed within the protective bubbles of primitive cells. Laboratory experiments confirm that trace amounts of molecular building blocks that make up proteins and information-storing molecules can indeed be created under these conditions. For many, the primordial soup has become the most plausible environment for the origin of first living cells.
But life isn't just about replicating information stored within DNA. All living things have to reproduce in order to survive, but replicating the DNA, assembling new proteins and building cells from scratch require tremendous amounts of energy. At the core of life are the mechanisms of obtaining energy from the environment, storing and continuously channelling it into cells' key metabolic reactions.
Did life evolve around deep-sea hydrothermal vents? U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Wikimedia Commons
Where this energy comes from and how it gets there can tell us a whole lot about the universal principles governing life's evolution and origin. Recent studies increasingly suggest that the primordial soup was not the right kind of environment to drive the energetics of the first living cells.
It's classic textbook knowledge that all life on Earth is powered by energy supplied by the sun and captured by plants, or extracted from simple compounds such as hydrogen or methane. Far less known is the fact that all life harnesses this energy in the same and quite peculiar way.
This process works a bit like a hydroelectric dam. Instead of directly powering their core metabolic reactions, cells use energy from food to pump protons (positively charged hydrogen atoms) into a reservoir behind a biological membrane. This creates what is known as a "concentration gradient" with a higher concentration of protons on one side of the membrane than other. The protons then flow back through molecular turbines embedded within the membrane, like water flowing through a dam. This generates high-energy compounds that are then used to power the rest of cell's activities.
Life could have evolved to exploit any of the countless energy sources available on Earth, from heat or electrical discharges to naturally radioactive ores. Instead, all life forms are driven by proton concentration differences across cells' membranes. This suggests that the earliest living cells harvested energy in a similar way and that life itself arose in an environment in which proton gradients were the most accessible power source.
Vent hypothesis
Recent studies based on sets of genes that were likely to have been present within the first living cells trace the origin of life back to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. These are porous geological structures produced by chemical reactions between solid rock and water. Alkaline fluids from the Earth's crust flow up the vent towards the more acidic ocean water, creating natural proton concentration differences remarkably similar to those powering all living cells.
The studies suggest that in the earliest stages of life's evolution, chemical reactions in primitive cells were likely driven by these non-biological proton gradients. Cells then later learned how to produce their own gradients and escaped the vents to colonise the rest of the ocean and eventually the planet.
While proponents of the primordial soup theory argue that electrostatic discharges or the Sun's ultraviolet radiation drove life's first chemical reactions, modern life is not powered by any of these volatile energy sources. Instead, at the core of life's energy production are ion gradients across biological membranes. Nothing even remotely similar could have emerged within the warm ponds of primeval broth on Earth's surface. In these environments, chemical compounds and charged particles tend to get evenly diluted instead of forming gradients or non-equilibrium states that are so central to life.
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents represent the only known environment that could have created complex organic molecules with the same kind of energy-harnessing machinery as modern cells. Seeking the origins of life in the primordial soup made sense when little was known about the universal principles of life's energetics. But as our knowledge expands, it is time to embrace alternative hypotheses that recognise the importance of the energy flux driving the first biochemical reactions. These theories seamlessly bridge the gap between the energetics of living cells and non-living molecules.


An interview which breaks so many NDAs, which is so dangerously explosive, it has to be published under a pseudonym. Secret details on Time Warner's Batman license, an unreleased high-definition 2D Golden Axe remake, the politics behind various companies, and a kidnapping to prevent someone testifying in court. Has details on board members with missing fingers, yakuza and Korean mafia involvement with arcades, and information on Japan's "isolation rooms", a method of forcing employees to resign without benefits. This is going to rock the foundations of the industry. Supplementary interviews with Ste Pickford (Software Creations) and John Ray (Atari).
An interview with Kensuke TAKAHASHI. A world exclusive interview, detailing the mysterious Osaka based developer which twice changed its name, and had a reputation for being yakuza affiliated, physically beating its staff, and creating some of the strangest computer games in Japan. None of them reached the West, but they're all fascinating, and have strong connections to Falcom. Detailed discussion on the creation of Dios, and what might be the only true PC-88 CD-ROM game in existence, which as yet has never been found.
Detailed history of Tehkan, now Tecmo, with info on Atlus and Westone (and Mr Tsuruta meeting Ryuichi Nishizawa). Swimmer, Bombjack, Solomon's Key, Solomon's Key 2 / Fire 'n' Ice, the Captain Tsubasa series of soccer games, the creation of Pitman / Catrap for Game Boy. Also amusing anecdotes on Imadoki no Vampire: Bloody Bride for PS1 and Willy Wombat on Saturn. Detailed technical talk on creating pixel art and graphics, the tools used at different companies, and the politics behind mandatory use of pseudonyms. Includes pages and pages of never seen before concept art!
Reprint from Unseen 64. Interview with Taito R&D manager Yukiharu SAMBE, discussing the unreleased console.
Namco and Koei in-depth, including world exclusive staff listing for all early Namco games. Details on how Namco operated, practical jokes by staff, location testing, computer history. Mappy, Pac-Land, Star Wars (with scorpion Vader!), Baraduke, Toy Pop, detailed Famista origins and history, Opoona on Wii, and a very important Namco obituary.
Introduction to a series of interviews which looks at both the history and future of Japanese games. Includes a list of 108 interesting titles from this previous generation.
Mysterious Apple Mac games, translating Operation Darkness for X360, details on Agatsuma, origins and development of Code of Princess, the international Nyan-Jelly experiment, problems with Nintendo region-locking the 3DS, and a supplementary interview with Rica's son, Kazki MATSUMURA.
Did you know Nintendo co-funded development of an unreleased RTS game for Sony's PlayStation, via company Marigul? Plus info on Kamaitachi no Yoru on Super Famicom, Shiren on Game Boy, and Code of Princess on 3DS.
All about Fill-in-Cafe and the creation of Umihara Kawase.
Working for Falcom aged 14, then at Dempa aged 16. Revolutionary patent disputes, real pinball, MaBoShi on Wii, Super Chain Crusher Horizon on PC (the second highest resolution game ever made), and the currently unreleased Space Invaders IBM (the actual highest resolution game in existence).
All kinds of Capcom details. Dino Crisis 2, Resident Evil: Gaiden, Steel Battalion, Viewtiful Joe, P.N.03 (detailed info!), Under the Skin, Killer 7 (all kinds of crazy secrets!), plus previously undocumented info on Dead Phoenix and Resident Evil 3.5, both unreleased. Also supplementary discussion on Mighty No. 9.
Details on how Unreal Engine is levelling the playfield for Japanese developers wanting to compete with the West.


The seller creates copies when he/she wants to involve others in the selling. In this case he/she creates a copy for the assigned ones, which can be reached by accessed with passwords provided by the system. This way the copies can work separately, though with limitations. Sellers mostly create copies when they commission one or more agents to sell the property, or when the agents use the tour in cross-selling. In the copies, the assigned can replace with the contact details with their own data, and they can take advantage of the same functions like in case of an own tour. However, one cannot make a copy of a copy.
Az eredeti séta melyből a másolatok kiadhatók.
Copies can be created after signing in, in the "sales" menu. To release a new copy, we shall enter the name and email address of the recipient. Both parties get notification about the copy via email. The recipient gets the access data, the link and access code of the tour copy. The inviter does not know the access code, so from this point he/she cannot participate in the editing. However, he/she can disable the access if he/she wants.
Creating and handling tour copies in the "sales" menü.
The access to the released copies can be susbended and removed, if we would like to.
The point is that the tours do not refer to each other, and we cannot enter from one to another. Everything is different, only the pictures are the same. Links, sharing, private locations, the datasheet, contacts; everything is different. Consequently, if someone advertises with a copy, he/she can make sure that he/she has a fully functional tour, and that all contact details in the tour copy will lead to him/her.
Three external locations are made private, there is a watermark, and the datasheet is different, too.
For example, if an owner works together with multiple agents, one copy can be granted to each of them for advertising, while he/she possesses the original tour. Each copy can be edited separately with the access information that were sent out. If the sales contract expires, the copy can be removed.
Another example is when the agents co-operate, but they advertise separately. This can be within one company, but it there can be co-operation outside of a company as well. Discretion and security are provided for cross-sellings.


Here we are gathered as the church in worship. Worship is fundamental to what we do. It is the place and time when we are gathered as the church, not only on behalf of those of us who are present, but also on behalf of those who are part of the fellowship but are NOT present.
Worship is what we have done every Sunday, and on special occasions and holidays, ever since this church was founded. It is what our forebears did before that, back to the early church, and before that, to our Jewish forebears.
This reflection is not at all to say what any one of us should or should not do in worship. It is not at all to say that one should have a particular understanding of God or worship as an individual. We come with many needs and perspectives. That is fine. Worship is individual, but it is also communal. So we will look more at the communal and reflect more, as I said, on what underlies our worship at Plymouth and our worship identity.
I said that we are gathered to worship. But we gather, even on Sunday morning, for other reasons as well, some of which are more primary for some of us than worship, and that is OK. We gather for fellowship. We gather to organize, communicate, and celebrate our response to God in our corporate life and mission. We gather for education and inspiration. And hopefully there is, along the way, some entertainment as well. This all is part of who we are, and part of our identity. People are welcome wherever they are in faith's journey, and whatever their reason for being here. As a community the major part of our gathering, along with those other things, is to worship.
What is Christian worship? The introduction to the UCC's Book of Worship begins with that question. It goes on to say, "The answers to that question reflect the rich diversity of Christ's church and account for more than a few of its divisions. There is no definition that exhausts the scope of the question. Every answer raises more questions and cautions humility in the presence of all that is holy. Where definitions are elusive, descriptions become an alternative."
It reminds us further that "Christian worship cannot be understood apart from the Jewish worship that first cradled and nurtured it. Like worship in Judaism, Christian worship is the glad response of total individuals - through "heart, soul, strength, and mind" - to the saving acts of God in history. It is the communal and personal celebration in the universal church of God's love for creation and for every human being. This divine love is revealed in God's gracious covenant with the people of Israel and in God's coming into the world in Jesus Christ."
So those are broad, somewhat technical examples of what worship is. It is "glad" response. It is gratitude for the "saving acts of God." But, of course, even those statements reflect a particular image of God, and are influenced still out of their origins in a Jewish sacrificial system.
It seems to me that there are a couple of dominant attitudes about worship (about God) that influence people's thinking, our thinking as well, even if we don't agree with the image of God underlying them. One is more historical and one more recent; maybe a response to the first.
Historically, the cross dominated theology and worship in much of the church, particularly in many of the Reformed and Baptist traditions. In that worship perspective there is a fear (often legitimate) that we will think more highly of ourselves than we ought. So concerned are they about the propensity for us to want to usurp God's place, that nothing positive about humans seems to be acknowledged or celebrated. The perpetual need is to really get it through our thick sculls how bad we are (totally depraved) and how utterly dependent we are on God to save us - through the sacrifice on the cross. The problem is, however, that they seem to forget that the Church stands on the Easter side of the cross and tomb!
Though the Christians took over many elements of Jewish worship, the fundamental change was in the day of Sabbath and worship. It was moved to the first day of the week. That is a theological statement of the profoundest order. Every Sunday is a little Easter. That is further emphasized in the Protestant Church by the empty cross. But it is more than the resurrection of Jesus that is celebrated. It is a celebration of what that symbolizes, which is new life, new beginnings for the world and for each of us. It is an affirmation and celebration of what God has already done and is doing. It is an affirmation that God has the last (and best) word! That underlies our worship. We don't have to force God to be God. We don't have to cajole, bribe, or charm God into caring for us!
We are here to celebrate God's abiding love, not to beg for belief.
We are here not to beg for another chance, but to humbly receive forgiveness and new life in Christ.
We are here not to be gatekeepers of God's realm, but rather to be stewards of God's extravagant welcome and abundant love.
We are here not to create the world, but to participate in building the world God intends.
Though we believe in deep reflection and confession, for we know our weakness and our propensity for evil (more about that later), we are the part of the Christian divide that more emphasizes that humans are created in God's image, rather than the side that emphasizes the fall of humanity.
Then there is another theology and style of worship that is all praise! I am not sure that it is very different theologically or at least in its view of humanity from the first, but rather than reflecting as much on how awful we are, it emphasizes how good God is, despite how awful we are, if we repent and praise properly. There is a lot of emphasis on thanksgiving and that we have been saved (gotten it right). This perspective on worship also tends to be much more individualistic than corporate and communal. God tends to be seen more as the judge and the problem solver.
Both of these approaches seem naturally to tend toward exclusion with an "us/them" (insider/outsider) result.
At Plymouth, as in all worship, our perspective on God determines our worship. We run the gamut in our individual perspectives about God, but corporately we tend toward an understanding of God as very vast, limitless, the very "ground of being" to borrow an old phrase from Paul Tillich. We often use names, and anthropomorphic language, such as "being held in God's hand;" those images that speak of God's love and care. And though many among us enjoy a personal relationship with Jesus, corporately we tend more in worship to relate to God the Creator - vast, incomprehensible, the force of creation whose love we see in human form in Jesus.
We are NOT dominated by a sacrificial system that says Jesus had to die to save us from God's wrath. We understand that, steeped in a completely sacrificial system, that is the only language and image the early church had to speak of God's presence in Jesus. But that system and way of understanding the world and ourselves before God largely doesn't compute for us. This is made more difficult by the fact that the sacrificial system and theology of one point in Christian history has colored how we interpret some of the biblical language about Jesus.
We see and celebrate, in worship, the love and self-sacrifice of God in Jesus. That is for us individually, but not just for individuals. It is also, perhaps primarily, for the world, as John 3:16 says, "God so loved the world." So the world, and our call to respond and follow, is central to our worship as well. Thus, our worship, we would hope and intend, invites and unites.
We do not primarily see God as the "puller of strings" or the "dispenser of goodies." Neither do we see God as the one who is "making a list and checking it twice, who's gonna find out who's naughty or nice." So the point of our worship is not to remind us how bad we are and how we better get right with God before it's too late. (We tend to beat up on ourselves as it is.) Neither is our worship to show God how righteous and full of praise we are. Nor is it to badger God into giving us all the things we think we need.
It is, rather, to bring our whole selves more consciously before that Presence which is loving and good, that Presence which is so much bigger and better than we are. It is to align ourselves with God and God's intention for the world. That leads us to acknowledge in confession that, left to our own devises, we make a hash of things - we become self-centered, self-absorbed, self-sufficient, and are capable of carrying or supporting unspeakable evil. We begin to think and act like we are God; and other people and the world are to serve us.
To align ourselves with God necessarily means engaging our intellect. In sermon particularly, we explore the scriptures and ourselves. We are always seeking to learn and grow in love and knowledge. But probably we are among much of Protestantism that has overplayed the exposition of the word and the use of the intellect as almost the sole means of responding to and accessing God. Though we have a deep conviction that what we say and believe must wash with our intellect, we ought not to worship as though the intellect is the only way we connect with the holy and even with each other.
We are talking about God who is spirit. We are engaged in things too deep for words. In our feeble attempts to open and align ourselves with God's intention for us and the world, in our desire to give thanks and praise for the One who comes among us in love and life, we sing, we pray, we meditate.
Music of many styles carries our hopes and joys, gives utterance to our spirit echoing God's spirit, and calls us to a deeper connection with the Holy. We understand that symbol, sacrament, and ritual can carry deep meaning, and we open ourselves to God's presence in a way that we cannot fully understand or initiate.
In worship we "remember" Jesus Christ in whom we see God present among us-in whom we see God's love and call most clearly reflected. And we respond to the invitation to be fed in a deep spiritual way - for many, a mystical way - that is beyond what we know and control.
For, we are here "Not to beg for another chance, but to humbly receive forgiveness and new life in Christ. We are here not to create the world, but to participate in building the world God intends." Yet again, today, we are invited to the table, where all are welcome.


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Sermon Sunday 4.10.2015
Posted on October 4, 2015 May 2, 2016 by wellington1884
By the Reverend Dr. David Sinclair
'Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?'
Francis of Assisi was born in 1182 in Italy, the son of a wealthy silk merchant. His real name was Giovanni di Pietro di Bernadone, but he was nicknamed Francesco (the Frenchman) by his father, who loved all things French. In the first part of his life he lived the typical life of a wealthy young man – full of fancy clothes, rich friends, an excess of pleasure, and a pleasure in excess. It was a life of which his father approved, a life that would lead him into following in his father's prosperous footsteps, a chip off the old block.
There was a sign of change, a looming threat to all that, when the young man showed what his father thought was a ridiculous level of generosity to a beggar. But his carefree life carried on uninterrupted except by a period in the army, during which he spent a year in prison having been captured by the enemy. Disillusionment with the life he was leading, the life of his father, the life of the rich and their excesses, was beginning to set in, however: an illness removed him temporarily from his accustomed life, and he began to spend time nursing lepers, avoiding his former friends and their activities – and then he went on a pilgrimage to Rome.
During that pilgrimage it is said that he had a vision while contemplating an icon of the crucified Christ. 'Francis, Francis,' he heard, 'go and repair my house which, as you can see, is falling into ruins.' At the time, he took this to refer to the church in which he was praying – and used some of his father's produce to raise money to give to the priest. Later he would come to believe that it referred to the church as a whole. His father was not happy. He threatened his son, he beat him, he took him to court. And in the court, in front of all the witnesses gathered there, Francesco renounced his father, his inheritance, even the clothes his father's wealth had provided.
Peter began to say to him, 'Look, we have left everything and followed you.' Jesus said, 'Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields, for my sake and for the sake of the good news, who will not receive a hundredfold now in this age—houses, brothers and sisters, mothers and children, and fields, with persecutions—and in the age to come eternal life.
Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life? Francis of Assisi was that rich young man who comes asking – but, unlike the young man speaking to Jesus, he was did what was asked of him. He went off, lived for some time as a beggar, and spent his time restoring ruined chapels – go and repair my house.
It was only at the end of this period in his life, that he heard a sermon on the text with which we began our service: 'take no gold, or silver, or copper in your belts, no bag for the journey, or two tunics, or sandals, or a staff.' So he began to wander about the land preaching repentance, taking nothing with him. His preaching was unauthorised and he was never ordained – which is perhaps why no pope until now has taken his name – but he gathered followers, and established a simple rule for how they were to conduct themselves: follow the teachings of the Lord Jesus Christ, and walk in his footsteps.
The Franciscan Order was founded in April 1210, preaching first in the regions of Umbria before spreading their activities more widely. This order of brothers was followed by an order for women, called the 'Poor Clares', and then by a third order for those who sought to follow the teachings of Francis without withdrawing from the world in the way he had. The definition of 'more widely' is, perhaps, the aspect of Francis's life that has become most often recognised. He saw it as his job to take the message of Christ to all creatures: 'all creatures of our God and King, lift up your voice and with us sing'. So there are stories of him preaching to the birds, and of him befriending a wolf – making peace between the wolf and a village it had been menacing.
He has been taken in much more recent times as the exemplar of how we should relate to the natural world of which we are a part. John Paul II said that Francis 'offers Christians an example of genuine and deep respect for the integrity of creation,' and should remind us, 'not to behave like dissident predators where nature is concerned, but to assume responsibility for it, taking all care so that everything stays healthy and integrated, so as to offer a welcoming and friendly environment even to those who succeed us.'
'As a friend of the poor who was loved by God's creatures,' John Paul went on, 'Saint Francis invited all of creation – animals, plants, natural forces, even Brother Sun and Sister Moon – to give honour and praise to the Lord. The poor man of Assisi gives us striking witness that when we are at peace with God we are better able to devote ourselves to building up that peace with all creation which is inseparable from peace among all peoples.'
And you get in that quotation, I think, a taste of how the church takes its most radical thoughts, and works incredibly hard at removing the jaggy edges. Francis, the rough diamond with a fairly dodgy past, the threatener of good business practice, the son who renounces his father and all his ways, who decides that the church has gone to rack and ruin – and needs to be rebuilt by his hand, has over the centuries been polished into a gem fit for any expensive ring or necklace. He is no longer an embarrassment nor a challenge, but part of the firmament of the church.
Or at least, he was. I get the feeling that the adoption of his name by Jorge Bergoglio may have changed all that. This Argentinean pope's action in using Francis's name has brought his ideas and his inheritance into the centre of world Christianity – and it and he were always happier when he was on the periphery. It's kind of like when a veteran and inveterate dissident backbencher, who could (on the backbenches) be regarded affectionately and sometimes condescendingly as a 'treasure', suddenly is propelled onto the front bench – and the affection dissipates, even when the condescension does not.
When Claudio Hummes, from Brazil, whispered in the ear of his Latin American colleague from Argentina, 'do not forget the poor', he set in train a series of decisions that may yet change his church more than he might have thought possible. Because when the name of Francis was chosen because of his commitment to the poor, it brought with it a commitment to the natural world, and to a universal application of the gospel of Christ. It brought with it a call to repentance aimed primarily at the rich and the rich world – aimed at those whose hold on the corridors of power, and the ears of decision, they thought was secure. And it signalled a move in thinking from the priority of those who were on the inside to those who were not – and it is not yet clear how far that movement is going to go, or indeed how far it will be allowed to go.
Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life? The question posed to Jesus is posed in terms of 'me'; it is posed in terms that presume a gaining of merit, a gaining of access, the eventual attainment and possession of something summarised as 'eternal life'. But Jesus, as he does often, answers in terms quite different to how the question has been posed. The kingdom of God does not consist of a process whereby we 'gain' things, but rather of a process whereby we lose them.
But the question is also posed in terms of what might be called a 'religious' mindset. What is there religiously that I must do to make me worthy of the gifts of God? And Jesus at first plays along, and asks his questioner what the commandments are. The young man answers – because those are the answers he knows, though he clearly suspects that they are not in themselves sufficient. Then Jesus moves the discussion away from religion altogether; he moves it onto the territory of social relationships, of the distribution of wealth, of the worship of possessions, the desire to have more, to hoard, to fill our lives and our houses with stuff.
And even when the young man goes away despondent Jesus does not let the matter drop; there is a lesson here that those around need to understand. So he makes one comment more – and the disciples, we are told, are perplexed; so he makes yet another. It's important that they get the point. You can follow all the religious rules you like, you can comfort yourself with the knowledge that you are breaking none of the commandments, you can go to church every Sunday – but if you still worship stuff (either because you have it, or because you want it) you are keeping the reign of God at bay.
Today Francis of Assisi is remembered; but is he remembered as a remarkable man who did remarkable things 800 years ago, or is he remembered as an example that might still be followed 800 years later? Peter was right to be astonished at Jesus' words, because he and the others had also given up their homes and their livelihoods to follow (though it is clear they still had them to go back to); but we today still manage, with less reason, to be astonished. Most of us, in churches around the world, presume that we can follow Jesus without giving up too much of the other things of life.
Francis took Jesus at his word – and challenges us to do the same: the question in the Catholic Church, with a pope seeking very clearly to follow Francis and be guided by his ways, is actually the same as the question for every other part of the universal church – including this one. What does Francis mean for us? What does he mean for us as we seek to care for the earth and all its creatures? What does he mean for us as we seek to live and have our being in a way that is not for ourselves but for those who are not on the inside of our community?
What does he mean for a time of harvest when, yet again, we gather food to be given to a food bank? What does it mean for us, and for those who rule in our land, if he sneaks away from his romanticised place on the back benches, and finds his way to the front, where decisions can be demanded and challenge proclaimed?
Posted in Sermons 2015Tagged 2015, David Sinclair, Glasgow, Sermons 2015, Wellington Church
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The mission of the Midland-Odessa Symphony & Chorale is to enhance the quality of life in Midland, Odessa and the surrounding area by presenting outstanding symphonic, choral and chamber music performances, and music education programs.
The Midland-Odessa Symphony & Chorale (MOSC) was founded in 1962, as a 501(c)(3) charitable organization, when the then-modest individual orchestras of the two cities (Midland and Odessa, Texas) were combined under the leadership of Dr. Lara Hoggard. The MOSC currently includes a symphony of over 70 professional musicians and is ranked by the League of American Orchestras as a metropolitan Orchestra. Considering that metropolitan orchestras are typically supported by an average population of 500,000 or more, Midland-Odessa's combined population of 250,000 is a remarkable statistical tribute to this orchestra. MOSC is currently in its 56th Season. The MOSC now holds the distinction of being the largest professional performing arts organization in West Texas.
The Vision of the Midland-Odessa Symphony & Chorale is to Enrich Lives in Midland, Odessa and the surrounding area Through Music.


Join April Red for our return to Mr. Joe's Off The Beach!! Mr. Joe's has an outside Tiki Bar, a large horseshoe bar inside and a courtyard out back. Full liquor bar, cold beer & wine, pool, darts and bowling!! And April Red will be Rockin' the Classic Rock Hits!! Hope to see y'all there!!


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Download "PCAOB Release No September 29, 2003 Page 2"
1 1666 K Street, N.W. Washington, DC Telephone: (202) Facsimile: (202) RULES ON INVESTIGATIONS AND ADJUDICATIONS ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) PCAOB Release No PCAOB Rulemaking Docket Matter No. 005 Summary: Board Contacts: After public comment, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("Board" or "PCAOB") has adopted rules on investigations and adjudications. The rules would govern investigations and hearings in disciplinary proceedings, pursuant to Section 105 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ("Act"), and hearings on registration applications pursuant to Section 102 of the Act. The Board will submit these rules to the Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission") for approval pursuant to Section 107 of the Act. The Board's rules will not take effect unless approved by the Commission. Samantha Ross, Chief of Staff (202/ ; Michael Stevenson, Associate General Counsel (202/ ; * * * Section 105 of the Act grants the Board broad investigative and disciplinary authority over registered public accounting firms and persons associated with such firms. To implement this authority, Section 105(a) directs the Board to establish, by rule, fair procedures for the investigation and discipline of registered public accounting firms and associated persons of such firms. As directed by the Act, the Board has adopted rules relating to investigations and adjudications.
2 Page 2 The rules on investigations and adjudications consist of 64 rules (PCAOB Rules 5000 through 5501), plus certain definitions that would appear in Rule 1001 and a rule on time computation that would be Rule Appendices 1 and 2 to this release contain, respectively, the text of these rules and a section-by-section analysis of the rules. Section A of this release provides a general overview of the operation of the rules. Section B of this release describes the changes made to the rules in response to public comments. A. Operation of the Rules on Investigations and Adjudications Under the rules, the Board and its staff may conduct investigations concerning any acts or practices, or omissions to act, by registered public accounting firms and persons associated with such firms, or both, that may violate any provision of the Act, the rules of the Board, the provisions of the securities laws relating to the preparation and issuance of audit reports and the obligations and liabilities of accountants with respect thereto, including the rules of the Commission issued under the Act, or professional standards. The Board's rules require registered public accounting firms and their associated persons to cooperate with Board investigations, including producing documents and providing testimony. The rules also permit the Board to seek information from other persons, including clients of registered firms. When violations are detected, the Board will provide an opportunity for a hearing, and in appropriate cases, impose sanctions designed to deter a possible recurrence and to enhance the quality and reliability of future audits. The sanctions may be as severe as revoking a firm's registration or barring a person from participating in audits of public companies. Lesser sanctions include monetary penalties and requirements for remedial measures, such as training, new quality control procedures, and the appointment of an independent monitor. The Board may also hold hearings on registration applications, pursuant to Section 102 of the Act. Under the Board's registration rules, if the Board is unable to determine that a public accounting firm has met the standard for approval of an application, the Board may provide the firm with a notice of a hearing, which the firm may elect to treat as a written notice of disapproval for purposes of making an appeal to the Commission under Section 107. If such a firm chooses instead to request a hearing, the Board would, in appropriate circumstances, afford the firm a hearing pursuant to the rules.
3 Page 3 With the exception of the changes discussed in Section B below, the rules adopted today are substantially similar to the rules proposed by the Board on July 28, The operation of those rules was summarized in greater detail in PCAOB Release No (July 28, 2003). Special Issues Relating to Non-U.S. Firms The nature and scope of the Board's oversight over non-u.s. accounting firms that audit the financial statements of U.S. public companies is the subject of an ongoing dialogue between the Board and its foreign counterparts. As the Board has previously stated, the Board is committed to accomplishing the oversight goals of the Act by coordinating in areas where there is a common programmatic interest without subjecting non-u.s. firms to unnecessary burdens. The adoption of these rules is not intended in any way to signal that the Board has already determined how its oversight should operate as to those firms. Before non-u.s. accounting firms are required to register with the Board, the Board intends to issue a release describing how it will carry out its investigative and disciplinary responsibilities with respect to such firms. B. Public Comment Process and Board Responses The Board proposed rules on investigations and adjudications, and released them for public comment, on July 28, The Board received 17 written comment letters. 1/ In response to these comments, the Board's final rules both clarify and modify certain aspects of the proposal. Most importantly, the changes include Clarifying the Board's views of what privileges may be invoked in Board proceedings, including that the Board will not treat proper invocations of the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination as noncooperation; Reducing the reach of noncooperation sanctions in the context of testimony, by eliminating the possibility that omitting material information, can, by itself, be grounds for a noncooperation proceeding; 1/ The Board's responses to the comments are discussed in more detail in the section-by-section analysis in Appendix B. The comment letters are available on the Board's website and will be attached to the Board's Form 19b-4, to be filed with the Commission.
10 Appendix 1 Rules on Investigations and Adjudications Page A1-2 connection with an investigation; and whether to impose a sanction pursuant to Rule (d)(ii) Document The term "document" is synonymous in meaning and equal in scope to its usage in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 34(a), including, without limitation, electronic or computerized data compilations. A draft or non-identical copy is a separate document within the meaning of this term. In no event shall the term "document" be construed to be limited to audit work papers. (h)(i) Hearing Officer The term "hearing officer" means a person, other than a Board member or staff of the interested division, duly authorized by the Board to preside at a hearing. (i)(iv) Interested Division The term "interested division" means a division or office of the Board assigned primary responsibility by the Board to participate in a particular proceeding. (o)(ii) Order Instituting Proceedings The term "order instituting proceedings" means an order issued by the Board commencing a disciplinary proceeding. (p)(iii) Party The term "party" means the interested division, any person named as a respondent in an order instituting proceedings or notice of a hearing, any applicant named in the caption of any order, or any person seeking Board review of a decision. (p)(iv) Person The term "person" means any natural person or any business, legal or governmental entity or association.
11 Appendix 1 Rules on Investigations and Adjudications Page A1-3 (r)(iii) Revocation The term "revocation" means a permanent disciplinary sanction terminating a firm's registration. (s)(iii) Secretary The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Board. (s)(iv) Suspension The term "suspension" means a temporary disciplinary sanction, which lapses by its own terms, prohibiting (1) a registered public accounting firm from preparing or issuing, or participating in the preparation or issuance of, any audit report with respect to any issuer; or firm. Rule (2) a person from being associated with a registered public accounting Time Computation In computing any period of time prescribed in or allowed by these Rules or by order of the Board, the day of the act, event, or default from which the designated period of time begins to run shall not be included. The last day of the period so computed shall be included unless it is a Saturday, Sunday, or federal legal holiday, in which event the period runs until the end of the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or federal legal holiday. Intermediate Saturdays, Sundays, and federal legal holidays shall be excluded from the computation when the period of time prescribed or allowed is seven days or less, not including any additional time allowed by rule or order for service by mail. If on the day a filing is to be made, weather or other conditions have caused the Secretary's office or other designated filing location to close, the filing deadline shall be extended to the end of the next day that is neither a Saturday, a Sunday, nor a federal legal holiday. Note: The Secretary will maintain a list of federal legal holidays.
12 Appendix 1 Rules on Investigations and Adjudications Page A1-4 SECTION 5. INVESTIGATIONS AND ADJUDICATIONS Rule General A registered public accounting firm, and any person associated with such a firm, shall comply with all Board orders to which the firm or person is subject. Part 1 Inquiries and Investigations Rule (a) Informal Inquiries Commencement of an Informal Inquiry The Director of Enforcement and Investigations may undertake an informal inquiry where it appears that, or to determine whether, an act or practice, or omission to act, by a registered public accounting firm, any associated person of that firm, or both, may violate (1) any provision of the Act; (2) the Rules of the Board; (3) the provisions of the securities laws relating to the preparation and issuance of audit reports and the obligations and liabilities of accountants with respect thereto, including the rules of the Commission issued under the Act; or (4) professional standards. (b) Informal Inquiry Activities In an informal inquiry, the Director of Enforcement and Investigations may request documents, information or testimony from, or an interview with, any person.
15 Appendix 1 Rules on Investigations and Adjudications Page A1-7 (3) Persons Permitted to be Present Persons permitted to be present at an examination pursuant to this Rule are limited to to Rule 5109(b); (i) (ii) (iii) the person being examined and his or her counsel, subject any Board member or member of the staff of the Board; the reporter; and (iv) such other persons as the Board, or the staff of the Board designated in the order of formal investigation, determine are appropriate to permit to be present; provided, however, that in no event shall a person other than the witness who has been or is reasonably likely to be examined in the investigation be present. (4) Examinations of Registered Public Accounting Firms A registered public accounting firm subject to an accounting board demand shall designate one or more individuals who consent to testify on its behalf, and may set forth, for each individual designated, the matters on which the individual will testify. The individuals so designated shall testify as to matters known or reasonably available to the registered public accounting firm.
16 Appendix 1 Rules on Investigations and Adjudications Page A1-8 (d) Transcript A witness shall have 15 days, or such longer period as the Director of Enforcement and Investigations may allow, after being notified by the reporter that the transcript, or, where applicable, video or other recording, is available in which to review the transcript or other recording and, if there are changes in form or substance, to sign a statement reciting such changes and the reasons given by the witness for making them. The reporter shall make a certificate in writing to accompany the transcript, which shall indicate (1) that the witness was duly sworn by the officer and that the transcript is a true record of the testimony given by the witness; and (2) whether the witness requested to review the transcript and, if so, that the reporter has appended any changes made by the witness during the period allowed. Rule Demands for Production of Audit Workpapers and Other Documents from Registered Public Accounting Firms and Associated Persons (a) General The Board, and the staff of the Board designated in an order of formal investigation, may issue an accounting board demand for the production of audit work papers or any other document or information in the possession of a registered public accounting firm or any associated person thereof, wherever domiciled, that the Board or its staff considers relevant or material to the investigation. (b) Time and Manner of Production An accounting board demand shall set forth a reasonable time and place for production. Unless an accounting board demand expressly requires the production of original documents, copies of the requested documents may be produced. If the originals are not produced, they shall be maintained in a reasonably accessible manner, shall be readily available for inspection by the staff, and shall not be destroyed without the staff's consent. Unless an accounting board demand expressly requests or permits printed copies of electronic documents, documents that exist in electronic form shall be produced in that form.
17 Appendix 1 Rules on Investigations and Adjudications Page A1-9 Rule Examination of Books and Records in Aid of Investigations Upon demand and without regard to the Board's Rules under Section 104 of the Act, the Board, and, with the approval of the Director of Enforcement and Investigations, the staff of the Board designated in an order of formal investigation, may examine the books and records of any registered public accounting firm or associated person to verify the accuracy of any documents or information supplied in the course of an informal inquiry or formal investigation. Rule Requests for Testimony or Production of Documents from Persons Not Associated With Registered Public Accounting Firms (a) Testimony The Board, and the staff of the Board designated in an order of formal investigation, may issue an accounting board request for the testimony of any person, including any client of a registered public accounting firm, that the Board considers relevant or material to an investigation. (1) Requests for Testimony An accounting board request for testimony pursuant to subparagraph (a) of this Rule shall (i) give appropriate notice, subject to the needs of the investigation of the time and place for the taking of testimony; (ii) state the method or methods by which the testimony shall be recorded, which may be by sound or sound-and-visual, but shall include by stenographic means; and (iii) if the person to be examined is an issuer, an association, a governmental agency, or other organized entity, provide a description with reasonable particularity of the matters on which examination is requested.
19 Appendix 1 Rules on Investigations and Adjudications Page A1-11 (2) the following information shall be provided in the objection, unless divulgence of such information would cause disclosure of the allegedly privileged information (i) for documents: (A) the type of document, (e.g., letter or memorandum); (B) the general subject matter of the document; (C) the date of the document; and (D) such other information as is sufficient to identify the document for a Commission subpoena duces tecum, including, where appropriate, the author of the document, the addressees of the document, and any other recipients shown in the document, and, where not apparent, the relationship of the author, addressees, and recipients to each other; and (ii) for oral communications: (A) the name of the person making the communication and the names of persons present while the communication was made and, where not apparent, the relationship of the persons present to the person making the communication; (B) the date and place of communication; and (C) the general subject matter of the communication. (b) Claims During Testimony Where a claim of privilege is asserted during testimony, and information is not provided on the basis of such assertion, the information set forth in paragraph (a) shall be furnished (1) at the deposition, to the extent it is readily available from the witness or otherwise; or (2) to the extent the information is not readily available at the deposition, in writing within five business days after the deposition session at which the privilege is asserted, unless otherwise agreed by the staff of the Board. (c) Claims Other than During Testimony Where a claim of privilege is asserted in response to an accounting board demand for information other than during testimony, the information set forth in paragraph (a) shall be furnished in writing at the time of the response to such accounting board demand, unless otherwise agreed by the Board or its staff.
21 Appendix 1 Rules on Investigations and Adjudications Page A1-13 has been identified in accordance with this subparagraph, only the name of that person need be listed in response to subsequent requests for the identification of that person. (4) Identify (with respect to documents) When referring to documents, to "identify" means to give, to the extent known, the (i) type of document, (ii) general subject matter, (iii) date of the document; and (iv) author(s), addressee(s) and recipients(s). (5) Person The term "person" is defined as any natural person or any business, legal or governmental entity or association. (6) Concerning The term "concerning" means relating to, referring to, describing, evidencing or constituting. (d) Rules of Construction The following rules of construction apply to all discovery requests (1) All/Each The terms "all" and "each" shall be construed as all and each. (2) And/Or The connectives "and" and "or" shall be construed either conjunctively or disjunctively as necessary to bring within the scope of the request for information all responses that might otherwise be construed outside of its scope. (3) Number The use of the singular form of any word includes the plural and vice versa.
25 Appendix 1 Rules on Investigations and Adjudications Page A1-17 (4) may otherwise have failed to cooperate in connection with an investigation. (b) Special and Expedited Procedures Disciplinary proceedings instituted pursuant to Rule 5200(a)(3) for noncooperation with an investigation shall be subject to special and expedited procedures as described in Rules 5201(b)(3), 5300(b), 5302(d), 5421(b), 5422(a)(2), 5422(d), 5445(b), and 5460(a)(2)(ii). Rule Requests for Issuance of Commission Subpoenas in Aid of an Investigation (a) General The Board may seek issuance by the Commission, in a manner established by the Commission, of a subpoena to require the testimony of, and the production of, any document in the possession of, any person, including any client of a registered public accounting firm, that the Board considers relevant or material to an investigation. (b) Application for a Subpoena An application for a subpoena submitted to the Commission shall include (1) a completed form of subpoena; and (2) such other information as the Commission may require. Rule (a) Coordination and Referral of Investigations Commission Notification of Order of Formal Investigation As soon as practicable after entry of an order of formal investigation pursuant to Rule 5101 that involves a potential violation of the securities laws, the Secretary of the Board shall send a copy of the order to the Commission, or any staff of the Commission designated to receive orders of formal investigation by the Board, and Board staff shall thereafter coordinate their work with the work of the Commission's Division of Enforcement, as necessary to protect any ongoing Commission investigation.
28 Appendix 1 Rules on Investigations and Adjudications Page A1-20 (6) recusing himself or herself upon motion made by a party or upon his or her own motion; (7) ordering, in his or her discretion, in a proceeding involving more than one respondent, that the interested division indicate, on the record, at least one day prior to the presentation of any evidence, each respondent against whom that evidence will be offered; (8) subject to any limitations set forth elsewhere in these Rules, considering and ruling upon all procedural and other motions; (9) preparing an initial decision as provided in Rule 5204; (10) upon notice to all parties, reopening any hearing prior to the filing of an initial decision therein, or, if no initial decision is to be filed, prior to the time fixed for the filing of final briefs with the Board; (11) informing the parties as to the availability of one or more alternative means of dispute resolution, and encouraging the use of such methods; and (12) scheduling hearing dates, except that a hearing officer may not, absent the approval of the Board, change a hearing date set by Board order. (c) Separation of Functions The staff of the Division of Enforcement and Investigations may not participate or advise in the decision, or in Board review of the decision, in any proceeding in which the Division of Enforcement and Investigations is the interested division, except as a witness or counsel in the proceeding. Any other employee or agent of the Board engaged in the performance of investigative or prosecutorial functions for the Board in a proceeding may not, in that proceeding or one that is factually related, participate or advise in the decision, or in Board review of the decision, except as a witness or counsel in the proceeding. A hearing officer may not be responsible to or subject to the supervision or direction of an employee or agent engaged in the performance of investigative or prosecuting functions for the Board.
PART IX. ENVIRONMENTAL HEARING BOARD Chap. Sec. 1021. PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE... 1021.1 CHAPTER 1021. PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS GENERAL Sec. 1021.1. Scope of chapter. 1021.2. Definitions.
RULE 509. USE OF SUMMONS OR WARRANT OF ARREST IN COURT CASES.
Michigan Medicaid False Claims Act (Mich. Comp. Laws 400.601 to.615) i 400.601. Short title. Sec. 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as "the medicaid false claim act". 400.602. Definitions. Sec.


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Q: Lower throughput in a Bridge created as a Ethernet Switch in a Ubuntu Server - The setup is given below. I have a server with NIC(eth0 and eth1). I have created a bridge br0. The idea is I want to send the packets received from eth0 via br0 to eth1.
(Laptop)__________Ubuntu Server___________(Laptop)
Iperf Server-----------eth0--br0--eth1-------------------Iperf client
the throughput at eth0 is 5 Gbps where as at eth1 I am receiving only 3 Gbps utmost.
I followed this tutorial to create the network bridge.
STP is disabled in the bridge interface. I also disabled the packets to be sent over iptables for processing using this commands.
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Lithium Ion Batteries Price Fixing Class Action
IMPORTANT UPDATE DECEMBER 2022
There are three categories of claims that have been paid since December 21, 2022: (1) Previously deficient undocumented claims that sufficiently addressed their deficiency, (2) documented claims and (3) Class Member's whose initial Interac e-Transfer was unsuccessful. For these three categories of claims, cheques were mailed on December 21, 2022 and will become stale dated after June 21, 2023. Interac e-Transfers were sent on December 21, 2022.
Undocumented Claims
A previous distribution was made to Undocumented Claims who were entitled to the minimum payment of $20.
Documented Claims
The minimum payment for Documented Claims is $20 (per claim, not per product). While Documented Claims (i.e., claims supported by proof of purchase) may be entitled to a payment exceeding the minimum payment of $20, if you purchased a small volume of LIB/LIB Products, even documented claims may receive only $20. The amount that each claimant received was calculated based on the number and size of all claims filed.
Interac e-Transfer Payments
If you have not registered for automatic deposit of e-Transfers through your financial institution, you will need to answer a security question in order to deposit the e-Transfer into your account.
An email was sent on December 20, 2022 (English) or December 20, 2022 (French) from [email protected] containing the answer to this security question. If you cannot find the email, please check your junk folder. If you enter the wrong answer four times your payment will be locked and you will not be able to deposit the payment.
The sender of the Interac e-Transfer will be either: (1) Lithium Batteries Class Action or (2) Computershare Trust Company (RicePoint Administration Inc.'s parent company).
Copy of Interac e-Transfer
Please check this website for updates.
Class action lawsuits were commenced in Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec alleging that several LIB manufacturers (the "Defendants") conspired to fix prices for LIBs, resulting in higher prices for LIBs and LIB Products sold in Canada.
LIBs are rechargeable batteries used in electronic products.
LIB Products are laptop computers, notebook computers, tablet computers, e-book readers, MP3 players, personal digital assistants, handheld GPS, handheld video players, cellphones, smartphones (excluding cellphones and smartphones sold as part of a service contract) or replacement batteries for any of these products.
Settlements totaling CDN$21.3 million were reached with Defendants. The settlements have received court approval in Ontario, British Columbia and/or Quebec. The settlements are a compromise of disputed claims and are not admissions of liability. The settlements resolve the litigation in full.
The settlement funds (plus interest, less approved fees and expenses) are available for distribution to eligible claimants.
Subject to further court order, undocumented claims will be paid $20 and do not require proof of purchase. If you wish to be eligible to receive more than $20, proof of purchase is required.
The remainder of the settlement funds (after paying undocumented claims) will be distributed on a proportional basis, based on the value of your claim relative to the value of all approved claims.
The value of your claim for the purpose of determining your share of the settlement funds will be calculated based on:
(a) the number and type of LIBs or LIB Products purchased (a point value will be assigned based on the number of LIB cells and value of the LIB cells within each product type); and
(b) your position in the distribution chain.
See the FAQs tab for further information.
Looking for more information about the class action? Please review the Documents page of the website. Read them here
Questions? You may find the answers on our list of frequently asked questions. Read them here
Can't find what you're looking for? Contact the Claims Administrator. Find out how
Privacy Notice | © 2021 RicePoint All Rights Reserved
This Lithium Ion Batteries Class Action is brought by the law firms of Siskinds LLP, Sotos LLP, Camp Fiorante Matthews Mogerman LLP and Belleau Lapointe.


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David R. Dixon
Veteran, Author, Presidential Leadership Scholar
David R. Dixon is a husband, father, and Iraq war veteran. As a Marine Corps officer and attack helicopter pilot, he deployed twice to Iraq, once to Japan, and completed flying tours aboard the USS Boxer and USS Essex. David attended community college before matriculating at Texas AandM University where he graduated with honors as a Lowry Mays Business Fellow. He later earned his masters degrees from the Harvard Graduate School of Education and the Stanford Graduate School of Business. David performed with the country western dance team at his high school, the swing and ballroom dance clubs in college, and on a hip-hop dance team in graduate school. At Harvard he sang bass and percussion in the Harmonicas acapella choir. In 2012 the Pat Tillman Foundation selected David as a Tillman Military Scholar, and in 2017 he was named a Presidential Leadership Scholar. David has also worked as an undergraduate public speaking instructor for Central Texas College (distance education program), a Research Associate for the Harvard Law School Program on Negotiation, and as a fellow at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). David holds a Commercial Instrument Pilot rating (fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft) from the Federal Aviation Administration. David's first book, Call in the Air, won the 2014 Robert A. Gannon award for distinguished poetry from the Marine Corps Heritage Foundation; and his second book, Goodnight Marines, is a #1 Amazon best-seller in its category with over 750 5-star customer reviews. David's articles, essays, letters, and poems have been published in a variety of venues to include: the Boston Globe, Baltimore Sun, Blue Streak Journal, Christian Science Monitor, Chronicle of Higher Education, Georgetown Anthem, Harvard Business Review, Harvard National Security Journal, Houston Chronicle, Huffington Post, Jung Journal of Culture and Psyche, Las Vegas Review Journal, Los Angeles Times, Leatherneck Magazine, Marine Corps Gazette, Maynard Journal, San Francisco Chronicle, Small Wars Journal, Wall Street Journal, and the Washington Post. David also coauthored two case-studies that were published through Harvard Business School, and he coauthored an award-winning research paper titled Making Good Instructors Great: USMC Cognitive Readiness and Instructor Professionalization Initiatives. David regularly contributes to the humor websites Babylon Bee, Schmedium.org, Duffleblog, and Pitch. He is a member of the Community of Writers at Squaw Valley, Mensa, and the Prince William County Arts Council.
Memorial Day Musings From An Iraq War Vet


Shameram Karim is the Title IX Coordinator for the Lakeside Joint School District and can be reached by telephone at (408) 354-2372 or by email at skarim@lakesidelosgatos.org.
Student complaints shall be submitted in written form in accordance with Board Policy and Administrative Regulation 1312.3 – Uniform Complaint Procedures no later than six months from the date of the alleged incident, or six months from the date the complainant first obtained knowledge of the facts of the alleged incident. If the complainant is unable to prepare the complaint in writing, administrative staff shall help him/her to do so. The time for filing may be extended up to 90 days by the Superintendent or the Superintendent's designee, for good cause, upon written request by the complainant setting forth the reasons for the request for an extension of time to file a written complaint.
The compliance officer may informally discuss with all the parties the possibility of using mediation within three days of his or her receipt of the complaint. All complaints shall be appropriately investigated in a timely manner. Within 10 business days after the compliance officer receives the complaint, the compliance officer shall begin an investigation into the complaint. The investigation shall include an opportunity for the complainant, or the complainant's representative, or both, to present the compliance officer with any evidence, or information leading to evidence, to support the allegations in the complaint. The District shall issue a final written decision based on the evidence within 60 calendar days from receipt of the complaint by the District, unless the complainant agrees in writing to an extension of the timeline.
Any complainant who is dissatisfied with the District's final written decision may file an appeal in writing with the California Department of Education within 15 calendar days of receiving the District's final written decision.
Complaints made by or on behalf of students may also be filed with the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights within 180 calendar days of the date of the alleged discrimination, unless the time for filing is extended by the Office of Civil Rights for good cause shown under certain circumstances.
April 27th~ Annual Auction Fundraiser at Black Ridge Vinyards-Mardi Gras Style!


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Make call to David 01/05/2021
Beckham's career began when he signed a professional contract with Manchester United, making his first-team debut in 1992 aged 17.[6] During his time there, United won the Premier League title six times, the FA Cup twice, and the UEFA Champions League in 1999.[6] He left Manchester United to sign for Real Madrid in 2003, where he remained for four seasons,[7] clinching the La Liga championship in his final season with the club.[8] In January 2007, it was announced that Beckham would leave Real Madrid for the Major League Soccer club Los Angeles Galaxy,[9] signing a five-year contract with them on 1 July 2007. While a Galaxy player, he spent two loan spells in Italy with Milan in 2009 and 2010.
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Beckham, David
Midfielder at "Sunflower" Ltd.
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He was never a problem until he got married. He used to go into work with the academy coaches at night time, he was a fantastic young lad. Getting married into that entertainment scene was a difficult thing – from that moment, his life was never going to be the same. He is such a big celebrity, football is only a small part."' – Alex Ferguson speaking about Beckham's marriage in 2007
Back on the soccer front, Beckham missed the next four Galaxy matches - three in the North American SuperLiga and an MLS game away at Toronto FC though he still made the trip with his teammates, sitting on the bench in street clothes.
Its API is extremely easy to use. Both .NET experts and beginners can quickly start working with it. Use as-is or extend functions to suit your needs. Download and try free demo and contact us to purchase a full featured version.


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Home Technology Images of Huawei's new Mate 30 series leaked before Thursday's reveal
Images of Huawei's new Mate 30 series leaked before Thursday's reveal
These days it's hard to keep a secret with the internet always seems to be one step ahead. For companies wanting to keep their big announcements a secret before big release dates even more so as it appears that images of Huawei's new flagship Mate 30 line-up have been leaked online before the companies big reveal this Thursday, September 19th.
The images were shared by leaker Evan Blass, and show off what he claims is the new Mate 30, Mate 30 Pro, Mate 30 Lite, and possibly a Porsche Design edition of one of the new handsets – something which the company has done in the past. For the Mate 30 Pro, the images suggest the phone will be equipped with a wide notch at the top of the device and a display that curves around the left and right sides of the phone. On the back, there is the familiar Leica branding along with four sensors that are contained within a circular camera area. Rumours suggest that these will consist of a pair of 40-megapixel sensors, an 8-megapixel sensor, and a time-of-flight sensor. There also appears to be two signal strength indicators on the top left of the screen, suggesting there could be a dual-SIM version of the device.
In comparison to the Pro, the regular Mate 30 shows a much smaller display notch, with Dual-SIM functionality also appearing to be on the cards for this model. No images for the back of this model seem to have surfaced online, so it's not clear if it will have a similar design to the Pro model or not. The Mate 30 Lite, however, has a very different design from its two siblings, with a punch-hole camera cut-out on the front, a square camera array on its rear, and a rear-mounted fingerprint sensor. Both devices are expected to use Huawei's new Kirin 990 chipset, which has a variant that includes a built-in 5G modem with the Lite expected to use a less powerful Kirin 810 chipset.
Of course, the real big news expected from Huawei's launch lies not in the hardware specifics but rather which OS these devices are going to use giving Google's recent statement that Huawei cannot use its software. These leaks revealed nothing of this information though if the screen images are to be believed, the OS looks likely to remain Android unless Huawei's own Harmony OS looks eerily similar to Google's design. In all likelihood, the phone will use Android, but wont ship with things like Gmail and Maps pre-installed. Thursday is not far away – and that's when we'll know the answers to these questions.
Huawei unveils new Watch 3 and MatePad Pro devices that will run HarmonyOS
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Reasons Why Movie Critics Need a Website
Movie criticism is an excellent way to help other people understand and appreciate the …


Rare Supreme x Disney Mickey Mouse Black Hoodie 2009 Size M. Item is in pristine condition. Any questions, please message me. ALL SALES ARE FINAL. The item "Rare Supreme x Disney Mickey Mouse Grey Hoodie 2009 Size M" is in sale since Tuesday, April 9, 2019. This item is in the category "Clothing, Shoes & Accessories\Men's Clothing\Activewear\Hoodies & Sweatshirts". The seller is "tonyta90″ and is located in Ashburn, Virginia. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, Ukraine, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Antigua and barbuda, Aruba, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Saint kitts and nevis, Saint lucia, Turks and caicos islands, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brunei darussalam, Bolivia, Egypt, French guiana, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Jordan, Cambodia, Cayman islands, Sri lanka, Luxembourg, Monaco, Macao, Martinique, Maldives, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Paraguay, Reunion, Uruguay.


We left Lijiang at 7am with a driver who would take us to the starting point of the Tiger Leaping Gorge. It was about a two-hour drive from the city. After a short stop to pick up more guests and to get breakfast we were on the road to the gorge.
Around 10am we had made it to the starting point of the trek and started up the first incline. After 100 meters I was not sure why I had even signed up for this, why am I always so excited to go on treks? This was going to be exhausting and it didn't look like a pleasant enough landscape.
French trekkers who had started after us, overtook us on the first incline and left behind a lonely Chinese guy who followed us from now on. For a while he was walking behind us, eventually he took up the middle. Although he didn't speak one English word we got along well and took our lunch break together.
About two hours into the trek we were overtaken again, this time by an American couple with a Chinese guy in tow. I was really astonished that there were even Chinese on the trek, that's pretty rare and made these guys really outstanding. Usually trekking is just done by tourists. We continued the six of us, survived and celebrated the 28 turns which signaled that we had made it to the top. But that was not the end of it. The rest was a lot longer still. Nevermind, walking in a group motivated everyone and we caught up with each other all the time. Finally we decided on a group picture at the Halfway house.
We made the 9 hour trek in 8 hours 15 minutes, which was okay but not great. I felt my legs though and was glad that the new waterproof shoes were not giving me any grief. In hindsight it was of course incredible stupid to go on a trek with brand new shoes. But it worked out just fine. Here are some pictures from this incredible tour.
and called Lopsang, our driver from this morning, to pick us up and drive us the last two kilometers to the Tibet Guesthouse. Before dinner we made plans with three other guests to share a car the next day to get to Shangri-La. We decided to try the scenic route instead of the highway. Not sure what we will see, but the Chinese are always good for surprises.
altitude, Asia, China, Lijiang, travel, traveling Asia, traveling with friends, trekking, Yunnan. Bookmark.


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Zabivaka (rus. Забива́ка; hrv. Zabijač golova), naziv za službenu maskotu Svjetskog prvenstva u nogometu 2018. koje se održava u Ruskoj Federaciji. Maskota je službeno predstavljena 21. listopada 2016., prikazujući antropomorfnog vuka, sa smeđim i bijelim krznom, bijelo-plavom majicom s natpisom "RUSSIA 2018" (hrv. RUSIJA 2018.), crvenim hlačicama i narančastim sportskim naočalama. Kombinacija plavo-bijele majice i crvenih hlačica predstavlja nacionalne boje Rusije.

Dizajner maskote je studentica Ekaterina Bočarova, a njen prijedlog je izabran putem internetskih izbora.

Izbori
Rezultati izbora bili su objavljeni 22. listopada 2016. godine u emisiji Večernji Urgant na prvom kanalu Ruske televizije. Vuk po imenu Zabivaka osvojio je 53% glasova, čime se našao na listi ispred Tigra (27%), dok je Mačka bila na trećem mjestu s 20% glasova. Više od milijun ljudi je sudjelovalo u glasovanju koje je održano tijekom rujna 2016. godine na FIFA-platformama, kao i tijekom živog prijenosa spomenute emisije gdje su rezultati kreativnog natječaja bili objavljeni.

Vidi još
 Svjetsko prvenstvo u nogometu – Rusija 2018.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Zabivaka na stranici  FIFAe

Svjetsko prvenstvo u nogometu – Rusija 2018.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We all understand the importance of having hobbies and interests outside school, but how much is too much? I was talking to a couple of parents a few days ago and, well frankly they seemed a bit frazzled! One of the mothers had two children, each of whom had an after-school activity almost every night of the week, plus swimming lessons on Saturdays. She was concerned that it might be too much for her children, but at the same time seemed reluctant for them to give up anything.
As parents we want the very best for our children. Of course we want them to do well academically, but social skills are important too. And having interests outside school is a great way of helping your child become a well-rounded individual. However, some children end up so over-committed that they have hardly any down-time at all. Now clearly this isn't ideal, particularly as it's also important to make sure that you have time to do things as a family too.
Ultimately it depends on the child; however as a minimum I'd suggest that you ensure that one day of the weekend and one evening from Monday-Friday is kept free for family time.
If you are concerned that your child is doing too much, take some time to talk it over with them. Ask them how they feel: do they feel like they're doing too much? Or are they quite happy with things as they are? Think about how they seem too. Do they seem to be getting worn out? Over-tired, grumpy?
If you do think that they're doing too much, think about what they could cut back on. Ideally this should be something which is decided in conjunction with your child.
There may be some activities which they are quite happy to give up. Although again here, I'd suggest that you temper their judgement: if you leave it entirely up to them as to which activities they do, you may find that the bias is too strongly swayed towards one particular activity. And you might think that something academic like their Maths tutoring is not something which they should give up on yet!
Take some family time and play a game. What are you doing? can be played by the whole family - and the sillier it gets, the better!


For their April 2013 Billboard cover story, Phoenix were billed as Coachella's breakout kings. And that they have, though their path to success has proven just how slow and methodical a "breakout" can be.
Prior to the release of 2009's "Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix," the record that finally caused the masses to take notice, Phoenix weren't obscure, but they weren't exactly noteworthy, either. Since forming in the Parisian suburbs during the late '90s, they'd released three albums on Astralwerks. The Thomas Mars-led group, who'd assumed the role of France's rock-friendly answer to friends like Daft Punk, were the sort of band who'd regularly appear on critical "Best Of" lists, yet had hardly escaped niche status. A move to Glassnote Records -- an American indie with the pull of a major -- changed all that.
Their Glassnote debut, "Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix," showed off the band's most confident, streamlined pop rock songwriting to date and Glassnote honcho Daniel Glass knew what to do with it. Although American radio was slow to catch on, lead single "1901" -- an absolutely irresistible bit of synthrock glory -- hung around and left its mark. After 31 weeks on Alternative Songs, the single finally reached No. 1, marking the longest trip to the top in the history of the chart. Toss in the similar success of its follow-up single "Lisztomania," and the LP exceeded all expectations, selling 710,000 units to date, according to Nielsen SoundScan.
In typical Phoenix fashion, the quartet took their time readying the follow-up. After wrapping up tour support for "Wolfgang Amadeus" at the end of 2010, Phoenix spent two full years in New York and Paris studios with longtime producer Philippe Zdar, crafting an album they surely hoped to be more than a victory lap.
This past weekend at Coachella, rumors of a Daft Punk collab brought buzz around Phoenix's headlining set to a fever pitch. But instead of the robots, a much less expected collaborator stopped by. It was R. Kelly, who sung his trademark "Ignition (Remix)" over "1901"'s bubbly opening beat. The mashup worked well, proving Phoenix's own trademark song still has legs. But what about Phoenix's new material? Billboard takes a track-by-track look at the band's fifth studio album, one of indie rock's most anticipated new releases of 2013.
You know how music nerds often complain a lead single doesn't truly represent an album? For "Bankrupt!," "Entertainment" is the opposite of that. Like almost all of the LP, there's heavy pop appeal for those with an ear for glistening production. Every musical detail -- from the opening wall of keyboards to Thomas Mars' voice -- is coated in a kind of production gloss that permeates the album and serves Phoenix well. As the focus track, it's sure to be compared to "Lisztomania" and "1901" and it actually recalls the former's propulsive drumbeat and the latter's big pre-chorus buildup. It lacks a strong enough hook to top the pure bliss of "1901," but given Phoenix's increased exposure, could still match its success.
2. The Real Thing - No wonder Phoenix took two whole years in the studio (in both Paris and New York) to finalize this album. "The Real Thing" is a meticulously-produced pop track that's overflowing with little nuances, even by Phoenix's audiophile standards. Just focus on how the synthesizer sounds shift throughout the track -- from subtle little riffs answering Mars' voice to a background wail in the chorus -- and you've got a fine treat for the ears. Still, there's nagging hope that all of "Bankrupt!'s" best moments won't be so passive.
3. SOS in Bel Air - On what's arguably the album's most immediate track, Thomas Mars explores the social life, and judging by his cry in the chorus ("Put my name on your list, SOS in Bel Air!") things aren't going so well. The track's all about kinetic energy, and with its peppy drumbeat and picture-perfect fast-to-slow-and-back-again chorus. It's another prototype Phoenix song on an album full of prototype Phoenix songs. Around this point, you realize, whether you like it or not, Phoenix are still perfectly content to work the "Wolfgang Amadeus" template.
Continuing the apparent theme of the previous track, the Phoenix boys return with a more mid-tempo number that goes "I'm just trying to be cool, it's all because of you." But they're friends with Daft Punk and shot their Billboard cover story in a gallery -- just trying?
5. Bankrupt! - Five albums into their career, we're starting to catch onto the fancy tricks Phoenix like to pull -- like reminding us they're into more than four-minute rockers by dropping shape-shifting seven-minute songs in the middle of their records. They did it on "Wolfgang Amadeus" with "Love Like a Sunset" and they do it again here with the title track. In fact, the two sprawling songs were spliced together at the band's recent Brooklyn gig. The mostly tranquil track works mainly like an interlude between the album's rather congruent halves, though it does peak with a thundering synth buildup around the 2-minute mark. If it sounds familiar, it's the same sound byte used on an early "Bankrupt!" teaser on the Phoenix official site.
6. Drakkar Noir - Thomas Mars kicks off the album's second half by doing something he's good at: being cooler than you! It's all in good fun, though, as he bemoans the titular men's fragrance saying "you could do it better, Drakkar Noir, cheap fixtures…" It's a good-natured album cut for glancing at the lyrics in the liner notes, but not among the album's standouts. Mars' message? Don't settle for less than the best!
7. Chloroform- The amusing song titles continue, with one that suggests the band paid attention in high school chemistry class (chloroform is a slightly hazardous organic compound). Whatever the connection (Mars' toxic love?), "Chloroform" is a side b highlight, with its warm, fluorescent keyboards giving off a balmy, tropical feel in the vein of Delorean or Tough Alliance. It's a sound that might not translate well to a rock club, but would sound right at home permeating a summer festival at sundown.
8. Don't - Musically, the rather nondescript "Don't" isn't much of a standout, save for the rapid-fire drum sequences that close out the choruses. Mars' lyrics do touch on his fear of serious love and relationships, a theme found on much of the album: "Whatever, we're so close to serious. Whatever promise you made -- I have no problem to say 'No.'" Let's hope this doesn't reflect strife with his very famous wife, Sofia Coppola.
9. Bourgeois - Thomas Mars offers a bit of social commentary here, singing, "Bourgeois, why would you care for more? They give you almost everything, you believed almost anything." A mid tempo pop song about the mediocrity of a middle class girl could be a bummer, but fortunately, the music's warm, reflective feel settles in nicely towards the end of the album. Here you'll find more delicious subtleties in Phoenix's production with a gradual fade-in and fade-out bringing a great sense of symmetry to the song.
10. Oblique City - We don't learn what city Mars is speaking of, but he's pretty bummed about its commercialization. "I wanted out of the biblical bets," the song opens, as Mars laments the brand-worship of icons like Coca-Cola, which is also name-dropped. Again, Phoenix show off their sense of symmetry, ending the album with a peppy, uptempo song that probably could've been a decent opener.


The ability of an organism to adapt to its surrounding environment is at the essence of survival. In metazoa, this ability starts at the level of the individual cell, which utilizes a specialized set of cytoskeletal proteins to determine their overall shape and the organization of their intracellular protein complexes and organelles. During embryonic development, the dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton is critical for virtually all morphogenic events requiring changes in cell shape, migration, adhesion, and division. The behavior of the actin cytoskeleton is modulated by a myriad of accessory proteins. Shroom3 (Shrm3) is an actin binding protein that regulates neural tube morphogenesis by eliciting changes in cell shape through a myosin II-dependent pathway. The Shroom-related gene SHROOM4 (formerly called KIAA1202) has also been implicated in neural development, as mutations in this gene are associated with human X-linked mental retardation. To better understand the function of Shrm4 in embryonic development, the mouse Shrm4 gene was cloned and its protein product was characterized both in vivo and in vitro. Shrm4 is expressed in a wide range of tissue types during mouse development, including the vascular endothelium of the lung and the polarized epithelium of the neural tube and kidney. In endothelial cells and embryo fibroblasts, endogenous Shrm4 co-distributes with myosin II to a distinct cytoplasmic population of F-actin and ectopic expression of Shrm4 in multiple cell types enhances or induces the formation of this actin-based structure. This localization is mediated, at least in part, by the direct interaction of Shrm4 and F-actin. The actin-binding motif of mShrm4 defines a novel actin-binding element that has not yet been described in other proteins. The results described here suggest that mShrm4 is a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton and may play an important role during vertebrate development, particularly in the developing vasculature.


Below are the 10 Best Traits Of Gemini (Gemini Traits). Hope you enjoy reading it.
Gemini truly hates dramas and conflicts which doesn't have any sense. Whenever any conflict starts to heat up, you can usually see a Gemini avoiding it and simply walking away from that situation. This is one of the best Gemini traits. They like to focus on more sensible things rather than wasting their time on such a pointless issue.
Gemini wants to be a peacemaker and they usually work on it but if you push them hard and disturb their peace of mind than they will never hesitate to respond back and show you your place. Don't ever underestimate a Gemini because they will never hesitate to stand up for themselves and when they get angry they will use words that you don't want to hear.
Geminis has a curious mind and are always racing and examining with all kind questions, ideas and thoughts. Gemini has various kinds of passion and interests, so that's why it's very hard for them to stick to any one thing for a longer time.
Geminis are often been tag as the masters of flirtation. Actually, they are natural friendly individuals who just love to talk. Sometimes they even don't realize that they are flirting while other time they are helpless about it.
Geminis are their own boss and they don't want to live a life with someone's opinion. This is the fifth best traits of Gemini. They are the ones who will usually build their own way. They are like a free bird who wants to fly high without any restriction if you are trying to lock them in a situation then they will not hesitate to move away from you as immediately as they can.
Geminis literally don't have any time for critical people who know only how to complain and can't control themselves in nudging in every matter. If a Gemini finds you repeating the same thing over and over again then they will simply get bored away and move away from you.
It's very hard to earn the earn the trust of a Gemini and they will usually take a long time to commit in a relationship, but once you earn the trust of a Gemini then they will be the extremely loyal lover and as well as a friend.
Gemini traits number 8. Geminis are completely crazy. They can be unpredictable weirdos at times leaving everyone guessing and puzzled like what they are planning next. Geminis like mixed up things and they exactly know how to change any dull and boring situation into an interesting one.
Geminis are the ones who don't use any kind of filter and will tell you exactly what they are thinking. They even don't mind announcing their beliefs to the whole world.
Gemini traits number 10. Geminis love to explore and experience different thing. They hate to live a monotonous life. They usually don't stay in any one place for too long and are always in the mission to go on and on.


Britney Spears can be seen dancing in a bikini a new series of videos she shared on her Instagram account. Britney looks very fit in the black and white videos. She has stayed in shape for her Las Vegas shows at The Axis at Planet Hollywood.
The dance videos are not for a new music video. She is dancing to Nathaniel Rateliff & The Night Sweats' song "S.O.B." The song was released last year and the music video for the song is likely getting new views thanks to Britney.
You can find the rest of the videos of Britney's Instagram account, @britneyspears.
Britney also recently announced that she has a new fragrance coming out. It will be called Maui Fantasy. Britney says on Twitter, "Say aloha to my new destination fragrance, MauiFantasy."


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Data Intelligence Service Provider WenGe Group Bags Over CNY 500 million from Series E
Technology Author: 亿欧全球 Editor: Boying Ji Oct 26, 2022 12:26 PM (GMT+8)
WenGe Group, a data intelligence service provider, announced the completion of Series E funding round worth more than CNY 500 million.
WenGe Group(Chinese:中科闻歌), a data intelligence service provider, announced the completion of Series E funding round worth more than CNY 500 million. This funding was participated by influential institutions, including China Development Manufacturing Transformation and Upgrading Fund, CCTV Integrated Media Industry Investment Fund, ZGC Science City Ltd, and so on. Existing shareholders including Infotech National Emerging Industry Venture Investment Guidance Fund, Ever State Capital, and CAS Capital also built on their original investment.
Positioned as a leading provider of data, algorithm and decision intelligence services, WenGe Group provides cross-modal intelligent big data and artificial intelligence infrastructure platforms and solutions for multiple fields. WenGe Group has fifteen years of technical accumulation in the direction of big data, artificial intelligence and operations research.
The money will be mainly used to invest in R&D in the field of decision intelligence to continue to build core competitiveness while increasing the construction of talent teams and promoting the development of essential businesses.
Qu Baoyu, CEO of WenGe Group, said that since the completion of its Series D financing round in May 2021, the company had increased its investment in intelligent decision-making technology and product development, achieving milestones in the productization process.
Intelligent decision-making transforms post-event analysis into pre-event anticipation and proactive execution, which can significantly improve enterprise productivity and efficiency. The market size of intelligent decision solutions in China was USD 890 million in 2021, up 66.4% from the previous year. The market for intelligent decision-making solutions in China is expected to grow at a CAGR of 54% over the next five years.
There are two main service models that WenGe Group provides to the market. On the government side, the company focuses on the customized solution model of "product+implementation" because of the demand for large projects and localized deployment. On the enterprise side, the company focuses on the standardized service model of "product+SaaS."
WenGe Group's international competitors include Prowler.io(UK) and Gro Intelligence(US), and domestic ones include Cardinal Operations (Chinese:杉树科技), Tongdun(Chinese:同盾科技), and 4Paradigm(Chinese:第四范式).
Geely Brand Farizon Auto Raised over USD 300 Mn from a Pre-A Round Financing


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Carl David Ludvig Wilhelm W:son Munthe, född 7 augusti 1849 i Långaryds socken, Halland, död 8 januari 1937 i Lidingö, var en svensk militär. Han var bror till Åke Munthe.

Biografi

Munthe blev underlöjtnant vid Fortifikationen 1866, major 1890, överste 1903, generalmajor och chef för Fortifikationen 1910, generallöjtnant 1915 och erhöll avsked samma år. Munthe var lärare vid Krigshögskolan 1884-90, chef för Sappörbataljonen 1890-95, chef för Fortifikationsstaben, Fortifikationsdepartementets militärbyrå och Marinförvaltningens fortifikationsavdelning  1903-10. Han deltog som sakkunnig vid förhandlingarna i Karlstad 1905 och var ordförande och ledamot av ett stort antal kommittéer, bland annat Försvarskommissionen 1906-08, samt ordförande i Statens krigsmaterielkommission 1915-22. Munthe utgav bland annat Munthe-slägten (1883) och Kungliga Fortifikationens historia (1902-19).

Referenser

Noter

Källor

Födda 1849
Avlidna 1937
Män
Personer från Långaryds socken
Svenska militärer under 1800-talet
Svenska militärer under 1900-talet
Generallöjtnanter i svenska armén
Gravsatta på Norra begravningsplatsen i Stockholm
Svensk uppslagsbok


Kirloskar Institute of Advanced Management Studies (KIAMS) was conceived as a training institute and knowledge hub in 1991. It was envisioned as a learning centre where Kirloskar Group Managers shared their expertise, experience and kept up with the latest concepts and movements in Management.
Best paper award during Conference on Managing Higher Education at Rourkela, India in 2013.