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Una célula endotelial es el tipo de célula plana que recubre el interior de todos los vasos sanguíneos (incluyendo los vasos capilares), y está en contacto permanente con la sangre. Poseen una longitud aproximada de 25 a 50micrómetros (μm) y un ancho de 10 a 15μm. Actúan como reguladoras del tráfico celular y molecular desde la sangre hacia el interior de los tejidos. Poseen una estructura altamente diferenciada y especializada con dos tipos de uniones entre células: unas estrechas (tigh) y otras débiles (gap). La célula endotelial sintetiza y libera sustancias vasoactivas que regulan el tono vascular, la presión sanguínea y el flujo sanguíneo local; también sustancias que participan en la coagulación, en la fibrinolisis y en reacciones inflamatorias e inmunológicas.

Morfología de la célula endotelial
En la célula endotelial existe gran heterogeneidad a nivel de su morfología, función, expresión génica y composición antigénica.
La regulación de esta heterogeneidad endotelial, está dada por señales ambientales, el metabolismo, las interacciones célula-matriz, las interacciones célula-célula, y los factores de crecimiento típicos de cada órgano.
Los fenotipos endoteliales varían entre diferentes órganos, entre diferentes segmentos del lecho vascular de un mismo órgano y entre células vecinas de un mismo órgano.

Microarquitectura

Las células del endotelio presentan una longitud aproximada de 25-50micrómetros (μm) y un ancho de 10-15μm. Su eje mayor se dispone en paralelo a la dirección del flujo sanguíneo.
Los bordes de las células endoteliales son irregulares, las células vecinas muestran interdigitaciones y tienen zonas serradas que se entrecruzan.
Cada célula endotelial tiene forma de placa curvada y delgada, de perfil poligonal, tiene un espesor central de 3-4μm y de aproximadamente 0,1-0,4μm en los bordes.

El núcleo celular está muy aplanado y por eso aparece elíptico en los cortes  histológicos. La región nuclear es la más gruesa de la célula y hace prominencia en la luz. La porción periférica y más delgada de la célula es tremendamente fina, y las membranas celulares que miran a la luz o al tejido están separadas por una capa de citoplasma de un grosor de 0,2-0,4micras.

Se encuentra en la región cercana al núcleo, un complejo de Golgi y unas pocas mitocondrias, mientras que en la región delgada periférica del citoplasma hay elementos tubulares tortuosos del retículo endoplásmico. Son raros los lisosomas, pero no son infrecuentes los cuerpos multivesiculares.

Ultraestructura

La superficie luminal de las células es normalmente de perfil liso, pero a menudo los bordes de las células vecinas pueden superponerse y entonces, puede proyectarse hacia la luz por corta distancia una cresta o lengüeta.

Las células endoteliales muestran dos tipos de uniones, las oclusivas (tigh) y otras más débiles (unión gap). Estas uniones estrechas tienen la capacidad de limitar el transporte de sustancias y moléculas, y actúan como barrera mecánica.

Las uniones entre células endoteliales deben ser capaces de reaccionar y modificar su composición ante determinadas situaciones, pero a su vez deben ser estructuras estables capaces de resistir el flujo sanguíneo al que están continuamente sometidas.

Su respuesta ante diferentes estímulos debe ser controlada en intensidad, pero también en el tiempo ya que un incremento de permeabilidad mantenido puede desencadenar un proceso de inflamación crónica. De esta manera el endotelio cumple una función de barrera esencial para la homeostasis vascular. Son sensibles a los cambios de flujo de presión, de señales inflamatorias y a hormonas circulantes.

Un rasgo llamativo de las células endoteliales es la presencia de una numerosa población de vesículas del plasmalema de unos 70nanómetros (nm) de diámetro, de cuello delgado, que están presentes en ambas superficies celulares y que se abren a la luz y al espacio extravascular.

Los cuerpos de Weibel-Palade son estructuras de diámetro de 0,1-0,3(μm) y una longitud de 1-5μm.

En el corte transversal, consisten en túbulos densos a electrones con un diámetro interior de 12nm, rodeados por una matriz menos densa y empaquetados en haces paralelos que están rodeados por una bicapa lipídica. Es donde se fabrican, almacenan y liberan dos moléculas principales, el factor de von Willebrand y la selectina P. Están ligados en la periferia de la célula a la corteza de actina y sirven como un grupo de fácil liberación.

En la superficie extraluminal o externa, las células endoteliales están en contacto con la membrana basal y sustancias como colágeno, proteglicanos, heparánsulfato, integrinas; en la parte luminal las células endoteliales en contacto con la sangre poseen mucopolisacáridos, glucoproteínas, fibrinógeno y algo de fibrina.

Funciones de las células endoteliales

Las células endoteliales (EC) forman el  endotelio vascular de una sola capa, que recubre la cara interna de los vasos sanguíneos, separando a los tejidos de la sangre.
En el cuerpo humano adulto, el conjunto de todo el endotelio vascular puede pesar tanto como 1kilogramo y en la microcirculación comprende un área de 1-7metros cuadrados (m2).  para unos y entre 500-700m2 para otros.

Las EC actúan como reguladoras del tráfico de células y moléculas desde la sangre hacia el interior de los tejidos, gracias a su estructura diferenciada y especializada.
Estas células tienen varias funciones en la homeostasis, entre las que figuran las siguientes:
 Forman una superficie lisa que facilita el flujo laminar de la sangre y previenen la adherencia de las células sanguíneas.
 Forman una barrera de permeabilidad para el intercambio de nutrientes entre el plasma y el intersticio celular, regulando al mismo tiempo el transporte de sustancias entre ambos.
 Regulan la angiogénesis y el remodelado vascular.
 Contribuyen a la formación y mantenimiento de la matriz extracelular.
 Producen factores de crecimiento en respuesta al daño vascular, influyendo especialmente en la proliferación del músculo liso vascular.
 Producen sustancias que regulan la agregación plaquetaria, coagulación y fibrinólisis.
 Sintetizan y degradan diversas hormonas.
 Participan en la respuesta inmune generando citoquinas que modulan la actividad de los linfocitos.
 Liberan agentes que actúan de forma paracrina sobre las células musculares lisas adyacentes, regulando su contracción. El endotelio vascular produce y libera sustancias vasodilatadoras y vasoconstrictoras. Entre las vasodilatadoras figuran: el óxido nítrico (NO) (antiguamente conocido como factor relajador derivado del endotelio o EDRF), factor hiperpolarizante derivado del endotelio (EDHF) y prostaciclina. Entre las sustancias vasoconstrictoras figuran: las endotelinas y el tromboxano A2.

Recambio celular de endoteliales
En los adultos, las células endoteliales están inactivas, es decir que no están en crecimiento celular (proliferación).
Pasan constantemente por ciclos de regeneración y muerte celular programada  (apoptosis), cada 3 meses todas las células endoteliales se van renovando.
La vida media de una célula endotelial normal en el corazón, es de aproximadamente 6 años. En el hígado y el bazo, alrededor del 1% de todas las células endoteliales proliferan en el estado inactivo.
Este estado de reposo en las células endoteliales, se define por una proliferación y migración celular endotelial mínima o ausente, una fuga vascular mínima a través de la barrera endotelial y una expresión mínima de las moléculas de adhesión de leucocitos.
El endotelio "inactivo" está completamente "despierto" ya que recibe e inicia señales de entrada, que son importantes para su función. Estas células endoteliales "inactivas" realizan una gran cantidad de trabajo activo, como la secreción de factores parácrinos y endócrinos, y el mantenimiento de la barrera para la supervivencia celular. Las células endoteliales "inactivas" requieren un mantenimiento activo para preservar la normalidad de una manera que es específica de cada tejido.
Los estímulos del microambiente (como esfuerzo cortante, hipoxia y factores de crecimiento específicos) y la epigenética definen y optimizan continuamente las características locales de las células endoteliales.

Referencias

Células animales
Endotelial

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How to Smile (Mindfulness Essentials #10) (Paperback)
By Thich Nhat Hanh, Jason DeAntonis (Illustrator)
This is book number 10 in the Mindfulness Essentials series.
#1: How to Sit (Mindfulness Essentials #1) (Paperback): $9.95
#2: How to Eat (Mindfulness Essentials #2) (Paperback): $9.95
#3: How to Love (Mindfulness Essentials #3) (Paperback): $9.95
#4: How to Walk (Mindfulness Essentials #4) (Paperback): $9.95
#5: How to Relax (Mindfulness Essentials #5) (Paperback): $9.95
#6: How to Fight (Mindfulness Essentials #6) (Paperback): $9.95
#8: How to Connect (Mindfulness Essentials #8) (Paperback): $9.95
#9: How to Focus (Mindfulness Essentials #9) (Paperback): $9.95
The final book in the bestselling How To series: simple, refreshing meditations of Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh give us inspiration and tools for transforming our suffering and cultivating happiness
In inspiring passages and simple exercises, Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh teaches us what he calls "the art of suffering." He gives us teachings and tools for transforming suffering as well as ways to touch moments of happiness and smile even while suffering is still there.
Written with characteristic simplicity and wisdom, these insightful meditations—born from the Zen master's lifetime of Zen practice and peacemaking—teach us how to come back to ourselves, calm our body and mind, and not let suffering overwhelm us. When we're willing to face our suffering and look deeply into it, we begin to understand its origins. Transformation and healing become possible, and along with it a greater capacity to understand the suffering of others and resolve conflicts in our relationships. Creating peace and understanding in ourselves and our relationships in this way is essential for helping create true understanding and peace in our communities, society, and the world. Thich Nhat Hanh offers practices for transforming our own suffering, listening deeply to the suffering of others, and especially how to cultivate our own smile and happiness.
All Mindfulness Essentials books are illustrated with playful sumi-ink drawings by California artist Jason DeAntonis.
Publisher: Parallax Press
Series: Mindfulness Essentials
Body, Mind & Spirit / Mindfulness & Meditation
Philosophy / Zen

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Amazon will stick to their proven tactics matching the advertised Black Friday deals of other major retailers including Walmart, Best Buy, Target and Sears. This is great for Black Friday deal hunters as they get two chances to get their hands on the best Black Friday deals of 2012.
The Countdown to the Amazon Black Friday Deals Week sale is going on now. There have been and are some great deals available, but the best are still to come. In the past years Amazon has matched the best doorbuster deals advertised in Black Friday ads of Walmart, Best Buy, Target, Sears and others. This sales tactics is great for Black Friday shoppers. Amazon becomes the alternative destination to score hard to find doorbuster deals offered by other retailers.
Amazon has revealed a list of Black Friday deals they will match somewhen around or on Black Friday next week. The list includes the breakout Sears 32-inch TV doorbuster deal priced at only $97. Amazon will sell the Haier L32A2120 32-inch 720p 60Hz HDTV for $97 somewhen next week.
The Haier L32A2120 sells right now for $189.98. Scoring a $97 32-inch TV deal is going to be the holy grail for Black Friday shoppers this year.
Besides the $97 32-inch TV deal, Amazon is going to match several other Black Friday 2012 TV deals including the $179 40-inch Toshiba 40E220U 1080p 60Hz HDTV deal from Best Buy. Amazon will offer the exact same TV at the same low $179 price. Amazon will offer another 1080p HDTV for $179. The TCL L42FHDE30 42-inch 1080p HDTV will be offered somewhen next week.
BFAds has the complete list of the Black Friday deals that Amazon will match.
We will be of course alerting you as soon as Amazon is offering one of the highly anticipated Black Friday 2012 doorbuster deals.


The 746 is a quintessential British retro telephone and as style icon. Launched in 1967 by the general post office in response to public demand, it would inspire two decades of conversation and is, to this day, the universal symbol of the phone. Known as 'the modern phone' it was a welcome re -design to the popular 706 model. In celebration of this great British icon, our replica maintains the bold curves of the original design in a striking range of colours. For modern convenience, the dial has been replaced by buttons without detracting from the outer bezel design.
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I would like to know if it is possible somehow to color code the Orders & the Executions Tab to color code each order & execution line based on which IB sub account it is associated with. I do not see an option for it, but is it possible to write code for it somewhere it the program?
That would unfortunately not be possible jg123. One idea would for example exporting to Excel and then look into formatting as you desire for review.


APITHERAPY: Dr. Weeks is a world-renown expert and pioneer on the subject of medicinal uses of the honeybee products and lectures around the world on this topic. Having worked with Master Apitherapist Charles Mraz in Middlebury vermont from 1982 until Charlie's death at age 94 in , Dr. Weeks assumed the responsibility to carry on this honorable tradition of folk medicine and to bring it into the realm of science. Co-founder of the American Apitherapy Society with Charles Mraz and past president, he continues to practice and teach about apitherapy world-wide. Dr Weeks also edited the original journal of the American Apitherapy Society "BeeWell" from the founding of the Society in 1985 until 1994.
The therapeutic qualities of bee venom, bee pollen, raw honey, propolis and royal jelly are increasingly featured in the media and have a long and impressive folk-medicine tradition supported by a well-documented scientific foundation. When bee venom is used therapeutically, it must be administered by a an exprienced apitherapist and a viable bee sting kit (adrenalin, benadryl) must be within easy reach.


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RIL - RPL Merger - What Should Investors Do Now?
Stock trading research advisor S.P. Tulsian's views on Future of Reliance Industries and Reliance Petroleum shareholders. Guidance on what a common investor should do now? Should he be buying stocks of RIL / RPL? Should he trade stock of RIL / RPL for short term gains?
One can see the price correcting to about Rs 70 because ultimately everything depends on the conversion ratio, which is likely to hover between 18:1 and 24:1. It all depends on what stand Reliance Industries would take for extinguishment of their stake of 70% that they hold in Reliance Petroleum. If they go for extinguishment then it could be a better ratio of 18:1. If they go for non-extinguishment, then the ratio could be 24:1."
Future of RPL shareholders
Tulsian gives an example of the state of RPL shareholders post merger:-
Book value of RIL shareholder as of March 31, 2009, which is likely to be the effective date of the merger, would be 700, while that of RPL would be Rs 30.
How he arrived at book value: Reliance Industries has been in existence for the last 30 years. So there has been an accretion in the value of the fixed assets of the company, while RPL being a new company, there has not been much accretion. The project cost of RPL of Rs 27,000 crore can be taken at about Rs 30,000-33,000 crore as of today.
Therefore, a shareholder of Reliance Industries will be shouting if the ratio is anywhere more than 24 to 1 because that is the ratio working out, based on the book value. If market value is the criteria for swap ratio, it works out to about 16-17.
Ratio would definitely be negative for RPL shareholders.
Future of RIL shareholders
Tulsian said that RPL itself is entitled under Section 10AA, therefore RPL's profits would be exempted for the first five years being an EOU (Export Oriented Unit). "This merger is not being mooted or moved with a view to have any tax advantage because RPL as such is entitled, all its profits will be exempted for the first five years to the extent of 100% of Section 10AA being a 100% EOU."
Tulsian says, "RPL has an advantage of the higher Nelson Complexity also. They have Nelson Complexity of 14.7 against RIL which has 11.7, which will always be giving the merged entity an extra gross refining margin to the extent of USD 2 per barrel. So all these things definitely makes a synergy, may be in terms of increasing the capacity and saving slight payments and overhead cost."
Tulsian is of the view that RIL-RPL merger can easily increase the debt equity ratio, by 10 bps on the merged entity but this will definitely be EPS accretive for the merged entity as well. He explains, "May be the retail investors will feel depressed or may be nervous that their price will get corrected closer to anywhere between Rs 65 to Rs 70."
What should investors do?
Tulsian said the merger definitely strengthens the case for making investment in Reliance Industries. He advises investors to get out of RPL. "One can really play blind and without taking a know of the merger ratio, one can get out from RPL even if one gets the price of anywhere above Rs 70 and to move into Reliance Industries because before management does that conversion for investor, it is better to have that voluntary shifting from RPL to RIL on Monday itself."
Source: moneycontrol.com
Labels: Oil-Gas, Stock News


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Q: What can possibly go wrong in a Generative Adversarial Network? Lately, after reading about GANs, I started experimenting with the MNIST dataset, and the result we acceptable. Here are some details about the networks I used:

*

*Discriminator: 784 inputs $\rightarrow$ 256 ReLUs $\rightarrow$ 1 Sigmoids

*Generator: 100 $\sim \mathcal{U}(-1,1)$ $\rightarrow$ 256 ReLUs $\rightarrow$ 784 Sigmoids

Using 20k examples of the MNIST dataset. Doing mini-batch (size = 100) gradient descent (using Tensorflow's AdamOptimizer). I trained the discriminator equally as the generator.
So I wanted to experiment more. I download a tiny dataset of 600 butterflies pictures, downscaled them to 64x64 and put them into grayscale, they look like this:

Given such tiny dataset, I expected the GAN to overfit the data and to generate images that are excessively close to what's in the dataset. I went for a topology similar to the one I used with MNIST:

*

*Discriminator: 4096 inputs $\rightarrow$ 1024 ReLUs $\rightarrow$ 1 Sigmoids

*Generator: 100 $\sim \mathcal{U}(-1,1)$ $\rightarrow$ 1024 ReLUs $\rightarrow$ 4096 Sigmoids

I also tried with hidden layers of size 512.
With minib-batches of 10 example, I tried training the discriminator: equally, twice as much, and three times as much as the generator.
Even after hours of training, the network still fails at generating butterfly images. Here are the usual results:

What is possibly going wrong:

*

*Is it the topology?

*Is it the dataset size? Why didn't it overfit to the dataset?

*Tried different training synchronization ratios, are there any other things to consider about training synchronization?

*Activation functions?

A: Topology is not good enough. You may try with more hidden fully-connected layers, but what you really should do is to use a DCGAN, i.e., a GAN that uses convolutional layers. Try with at least 3 or 4 convolutional layers in both D and G. You need to know how CNNs work, though, but that's the way to go.
MNIST is composed of images that are a lot more simple than images in your data set. You don't even have to convert them to gray-scale, but you may, of course.
You should use batch normalization, but not on the first conv layer in D, and not on logits in G. Dropout is not necessary, but you may experiment with it.
Also, use Leaky ReLU instead of plain ReLU in GANs. You can select 0.2 as slope in the negative region.
Training 1:1 should be fine.
Batch size can be larger, like 32, 64, 128, but 10 is okay, too. That's not the problem.
For Adam optimizer, try with learning rate of 0.0002, and beta1 of 0.5.
When calculating D loss for real images, instead of 1.0 for labels, feed it with 0.9.
You can always train for more epochs, if it helps.
Data set size may be a problem, but try and see what you get.
Check out:
Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks
My project on GitHub that's similar to yours
My project contains what you need, but try to solve this problem on your own first. If you aren't familiar with CNNs, here's something to get you started:
http://cs231n.github.io/convolutional-networks/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutional_neural_network
You can tell us how it went. ;)

A: I agree with Ivanbgd's answer, with the addition that you may then want to consider extensions to the basic GAN architecture, such as those which attempt to enforce a bijective mapping from the generated domain to the target domain  e.g. CycleGAN, DiscoGAN, which are typically aimed at reducing the problem of mode collapse. Without this your GAN may learn to create one butterfly-esque image very well, and that is it.
It doesn't look like you are suffering from these issues yet but may be worth considering in the future. Below is a Github repo for a project I worked on to implement such GANs to achieve style transfer, which may be of interest to you. The basic GAN implemented in the project uses the CNN architecture outlined by Ivanbgd, in TensorFlow.
https://github.com/ZacKeskin/GAN-Factory

A: I know this answer comes a few years late, but it could be important. I have some recent findings on the original GAN theory, mainly Proposition 1 of the 2014 paper by Goodfellow et al GAN paper. I posted a detailed reponse on Quora and I can summarise here. The optimal discriminator result is only valid when the dimension of the data ($n_x$) is less than or equal to the dimension of the latent space ($n_z$). When $n_z < n_x$, the generator output PDF is singular (contains delta functions) and the variational argument used to obtain Proposition 1 breaks down. This is important because Proposition 1 is used in Proposition 2 - the GAN convergence result. A further result, which is a counter-example, shows that even in simple situations, the simplest being $n_z=n_x=1$ for a 1-dimensional GAN, one can get plateaux in the cost function where the stochastic gradient descent ascent algorithm stalls nowhere near the point where the generator PDF resembles the data PDF. Your simulations are using ($n_z=100$, $n_x=784$) for MNIST and ($n_z=100, n_x=4096$) for the butterly data set. Both have $n_z < n_x$ so the result I derived applies. Please refer to the paper for more details: Convergence & Optimality Analysis of low dimensional GANs.
To your specific questions on topology, dataset size, overfitting, training synchronization ratios, etc. There is currently no theory capable of answering such detailed questions on GAN training - only empirical evidence for certain data sets. Remember that you are optimising a very complicated non-linear cost function containing thousands of parameters. Because it is unsupervised, training a GAN is fundamentally harder than training a convnet. Convnet training also has direct supervision and uses equality constraints to reduce the number of degrees of freedom that produce feature maps. So Ivanbgd's suggestion to use convolutional layers in your network seems sensible.
GANs are not supervised and have no intrinsic parametric constraints, so there are a huge number of hyperparameter combinations, optimizers, batch sizes, ratios of generator / discriminator iterations to try and no guarantees of convergence. Many researches have proposed alternatives to the original GAN: they mainly focus on the form cost function. It is worth remembering that the cost function includes the expectation $E_x(D(x))$, which is the expectation of the discriminator output with respect to the data, whose PDF is unknown. You are replacing this expectation with sample-based Monte Carlo estimates but in a very high dimensional space. I would also question the use of just a uniform generator input distribution - you could try Gaussian.

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Ryanair cuts free check-in window to just four days
Faye Lipson
If you're flying on budget airline Ryanair, from next month you'll have to pay a fee if you want to check in more than four days before you fly.
The change applies to anyone checking in for a flight on or after 1 November, including those with pre-existing bookings.
It means holidaymakers returning to the UK more than four days after their departure – for example, those going away for a week – will need to access the internet while abroad to check in online to avoid paying the charge. If this isn't possible you'll have to pay up to £15 per person to reserve a seat before you depart.
Whatever you do, don't leave checking in until you get to the airport though. If you do, you'll pay a hefty £45 per person, per flight – that's £180 for a family of four if you get it wrong. For full help in mastering the airline's mega-strict rules to keep your flight cheap, see our 20 Ryanair Tips guide.
What is Ryanair changing?
Ryanair passengers can choose between paying for a seat or not paying and being randomly allocated seating.
If you pay for a seat (typically £8-£15 per person, though there are sometimes sales), you can check in for no additional charge up to 30 days before flying. This isn't changing.
If you don't pay for a seat, you can currently check in for free between two hours and seven days before departure. However for anyone checking in from Tuesday 1 November, this is changing to between two hours and four days before departure.
The airline says it's shaving three days off the free check-in window because it believes this will "increase the choice available" to customers who opt to pay for reserved seats by giving them a greater time frame in which to choose.
It's emailing affected customers who booked before the changes were announced, and those customers will have the right to cancel and request a refund within 5 days of being notified.
How to dodge the fee - use the app
The new rules mean if you want to check in for free and are going abroad for more than a couple of days, you're now likely to need to check in overseas.
The easiest way to do this is via Ryanair's free app (for iOS or Android). In most cases you can also get your boarding pass on the app too, meaning no hassle trying to find a printer. Remember though, beware costly roaming charges if you're overseas and use Wi-fi if you can.
Mobile boarding cards aren't accepted at a few airports though, mainly in Morocco - see a full list in our Ryanair Tips guide.
Travel Flights Holidays Ryanair


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IntroductionThe Saxon Stories
Series titles
Bibliography of the Saxon Tales
Television adaptation
The Saxon Stories
Series of novels by Bernard Cornwell / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Saxon Stories (also known as Saxon Tales/Saxon Chronicles in the US and The Warrior Chronicles and most recently as The Last Kingdom series) is a historical novel series written by Bernard Cornwell about the birth of England in the ninth and tenth centuries. The series consists of 13 novels. The protagonist of the series is Uhtred of Bebbanburg, born to a Saxon lord in Northumbria. He is captured as a child and raised by a Danish warlord. The name of the fictional protagonist comes from the historical Uhtred the Bold; Cornwell is a descendant of this family.[1]
Series of novels by Bernard Cornwell
Quick facts: Author, Country, Language, Genre, Publisher... ▼
The Pale Horseman
The Lords of the North
Sword Song
Death of Kings
The Pagan Lord
The Empty Throne
Warriors of the Storm
The Flame Bearer
War of the Wolf
Sword of Kings
War Lord
Bernard Cornwell
Historical novel
Print (hardback & paperback) Audiobook
Close ▲
The story begins with the conquest of all but one of the major Saxon kingdoms by the Danes, with Wessex, the last kingdom, nearly overrun. Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, rallies his forces and begins the long struggle to fulfill his ambition of uniting all English speakers in one realm. Uhtred, despite his inclinations otherwise, repeatedly fights and schemes to bring about Alfred's dream over the course of a long life.
The first ten novels in the series were adapted for five seasons of the television series The Last Kingdom, starring Alexander Dreymon. The first two seasons were made by the BBC. A third, fourth and fifth season were produced by Netflix. Cornwell subsequently posted a note on his web site that "The Warrior Chronicles/Saxon Stories had been renamed The Last Kingdom series".[2]


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Home / Media Centre / News / 2018 / NATO Maritime Group Sails with Japanese Training Squadron
NATO Maritime Group Sails with Japanese Training Squadron
BALTIC SEA - Yesterday, Standing NATO Maritime Group One (SNMG1) participated in a Passing Exercise (PASSEX) with a Japan Maritime Self Defense Force training squadron that is currently sailing in the Baltic Sea. SNMG1 spent the day with JMSDF cadet training vessel JS Kashima and the destroyer JS Makinami.
Japan is one of a number of countries beyond the Euro-Atlantic area with which NATO is developing relations. These partners are often referred to as "partners across the globe." NATO and Japan are strengthening relations to address shared security challenges, building on dialogue and cooperation that has been developing since initial contacts in the early 1990s.
"Even though Japan and most NATO nations are geographically far apart, we are connected by the sea," said Commander of SNMG1, Commodore Carsten Fjord-Larsen. "We also share a strong interest in always making the most of training opportunities with partner nations when meeting up at sea. And I'm proud to say that, this is exactly what we have been doing today."
NATO and Japanese units have trained together before, most recently when the JMSDF Training Squadron was off of Spain earlier this month and they sailed with Standing NATO Maritime Group Two (SNMG2) ship HMCS Ville de Québec. NATO units often utilize an opportunity of close proximity to develop a better understanding of each other's procedures as well as seize the opportunity to learn from one another.
"Together with selected members from my staff, I had the great honor to visit JS Kashima and enjoyed the possibility to exchange views on the world seen from the sea with the Commander of the Japanese Training Squadron, Rear Admiral Hiroyuki Izumi." Said Commodore Fjord-Larsen.
NATO routinely undertakes actions and activities in the maritime domain with our partners. All NATO activities including those conducted with partners are carried out in a manner that displays and promotes Alliance values. We welcome any opportunities to cooperate with Japan as partnerships are critical to the success of the NATO alliance and ensure we are stronger together.


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Catholics find flourishing faith life in Muslim UAE, where pope to visit
Young Catholics from around the world pray at a church in United Arab Emirates in this undated photo. Approximately 1 million Catholics reside in the UAE as expatriate workers, according to the Apostolic Vicariate of Southern Arabia. Pope Francis will visit Abu Dhabi, the UAE capital, Feb. 3-5. (CNS photo/Apostolic Vicariate of Southern Arabia)
By Doreen Abi Raad • Catholic News Service • Posted January 11, 2019
BEIRUT (CNS) — Catholics from around the world living in the United Arab Emirates are waiting with great anticipation for Pope Francis' Feb. 3-5 visit, the first papal trip to the Arabian Peninsula.
"Pope Francis is the ambassador of peace, courageously crossing borders and fostering personal encounters with religious leaders, heads of states and humanitarian organizations in the Arab world," said Father Johnson Kadukkan, parish priest at St. Joseph's Cathedral in Abu Dhabi, where Pope Francis will stop for a private visit Feb. 5 before celebrating Mass at Zayed Sports City Stadium.
There are eight Catholic churches throughout the seven emirates of the UAE, with a ninth church under construction. Each church offers an extensive schedule of "weekend" Masses, all of which are full. Since the UAE is an Islamic country and Friday is considered a day of prayer for Muslims, Catholics attend weekend Mass on Friday or Saturday; Sunday is a workday.
St. Joseph's Cathedral in Abu Dhabi, for example, has about 90,000 parishioners, with eight priests celebrating nearly 20 Masses during the weekend in various languages: Arabic, English, Tagalog, Spanish, French, Italian, German, Korean, Polish, Ukrainian, Urdu, Sinhalese and the Indian languages of Konkani, Malayalam and Tamil.
"The rulers of the UAE have been benevolent and tolerant, allowing us to practice our faith in the places of worship, and for this we are very thankful," Father Kadukkan said.
Reflecting on the significance of Pope Francis' visit, Joseph Khadige, a Lebanese who has been working in the UAE since 1982, told Catholic News Service that Pope Francis' visit is "a sign from God. It is something we never thought would happen in our lifetime, for a pope to visit the UAE. The world should understand: This is not a small thing."
Some people in the West confuse the UAE with Saudi Arabia, Khadige noted. "So, when we say that 70,000 people attend a single church, they might say 'impossible,'" he said, in reference to the approximate number of parishioners at his parish, St. Michael's in Sharja, an emirate close to Dubai.
On the contrary, Khadige said, "Here in the UAE, we practice our faith in full."
From his experience, Khadige, general manager for an Italian global firm, has noticed that many Christians from the West who are lukewarm or practically atheists when they first arrive in the UAE as expatriate workers eventually are influenced by their active Christian peers.
"They see a lot of staff in their companies and organizations are going to church." Little by little, he said, they are inspired to return to the church.
"They are now believers, and they are calling the priests to bless their house, to bless their children. And they enroll their children in catechism classes to be more active," Khadige said, noting that in every church, there are around 5,000 children enrolled in such classes.
"It's not just about the numbers. It's about what is happening in a Muslim country," he said.
Ed Magbag of the Philippines, a project manager with a design and engineering firm who has worked in the UAE for 14 years, notes that the UAE "is like a home away from home for all Christians."
Parishioners of St. Joseph's Cathedral, he and his wife are active in Couples for Christ, a global lay ecclesial movement, which has about 15,000 active members in the UAE.
Pope Francis' visit "will show the world that despite different cultures, races, religions and practices, there is respect, love and coexistence of all local people and expatriates in the UAE," Magbag told CNS.
Magbag considers Pope Francis' visit to the UAE as "the best gift," that "rekindles the fire in the heart of the faithful," who are expecting spiritual nourishment.
Like many fellow Catholics in the UAE, the Magbags cut short their vacation to their homeland to be present in the UAE for Pope Francis' visit.
"This is one experience we must not miss," he said. Many workers are asking for a day of leave for the Pope's Feb. 5 Mass at the stadium.
"Pope Francis symbolizes God's presence on earth and so, when the Pope Francis is visiting the UAE, it is as if God is visiting his children in the Middle East, not only Christians, but our Muslim brethren as well," Magbag added.
"Make Me a Channel of Your Peace" is the theme for this papal visit, taken from the opening words of the Prayer of Peace of St. Francis Assisi, from whom Pope Francis has taken his name. The logo of the visit is a dove bearing an olive branch.
"Pope Francis is building bridges and creating an environment for peaceful dialogue to achieve peace and harmony globally," Father Kadukkan told CNS.
"The UAE government has made huge strides by inviting Pope Francis to the country, and this is a step in the right direction to achieve tolerance, both within the Emirates as well as within the region," the Indian priest told CNS.
The UAE government is organizing the visit with support from the Catholic Church.
Additionally, Sheik Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, UAE president, has declared 2019 as the Year of Tolerance.
Approximately 1 million Catholics reside in the UAE as foreign workers, according to the Apostolic Vicariate of Southern Arabia.
They come from the Middle East, Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas, with the majority from India and the Philippines.
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Home›News›BC News›Sanfilippo Appointed Campus Activities Board President
Emma Catranis / Gavel Media
Sanfilippo Appointed Campus Activities Board President
BC News, News
by Liam Madden
The Gavel sat down with the newly appointed president of the Campus Activities Board (CAB) for the 2017-2018 academic year, Eric Sanfilippo, MCAS '18.
CAB is the largest event programming organization on campus, with one of the largest budgets of any student organization.
CAB hosts small events such as Bingo Nights and Acoustic Brunch, as well as larger events such as Plexapalooza, Mudstock, and Frog Pond Ice Skating. Last year, CAB hosted over 100 events for the BC community.
Sanfilippo, a Biology major with a minor in French, has been a part of CAB since he was a freshman.
"In the beginning of freshman year, I was looking for a way to get involved on campus. In mid-October, I found a quarter sheet from the activity fair in my desk and I thought it was too late," Sanfilippo recalled. "I emailed to see if I could join. Luckily, they let me join and by the next week I was working an event for them! I didn't realize it was CAB's first year on campus, so it allowed me to participate right away."
CAB is made up of three event programming sections, including Live Entertainment, Trips and Excursions, and Campus Engagement.
Live Entertainment handles on-campus talent presentations, such as concerts and magic shows. Trips and Excursions plans for BC students to travel to various locations in Boston and beyond at reduced costs, such as Six Flags or Broadway plays. Campus Engagement plans for a variety of unique on-campus interactive events, such as Bingo, Massters in the Mods, and the Christmas Tree Lighting Ceremony.
There are also non-event planning teams for Operations, Finance, and Marketing.
Sanfilippo started as a general member of Trips and Excursions during his freshman year. He became assistant director of Trips and Excursions as a sophomore and is currently the director of the department.
"It has been very beneficial to see the department from all different levels," said Sanfilippo. "T&E puts on a lot of great and unique events, and I've loved being a part of it every step of the way."
Despite the organization's size and mass number of events, it has only been around in its current form for three years.
Sanfilippo believes that in only this short time the organization has made great strides and will continue to improve with time.
"A lot of people on campus don't realize that CAB is only in its third year of existence," said Sanfilippo. "CAB has created such a huge name for itself in a short amount of time. Last year—our second year—we put on 100 events and had a total attendance of 20,000, reaching 6,500 unique students. This year, we are already at 17,500 total attendance."
Sanfilippo continued, "With each year, CAB has created new 'traditions' such as Stokes Set concert in the fall and the trip to Frog Pond right before winter break. Next year, we are looking forward to strengthening our Mentorship Programming Team, or MPT program, for incoming freshman students. We hope to expand a general personal leadership aspect in addition to an introduction to programming."
CAB was derived from previous event programming organizations. BC to Boston, which had the functions of what is now Trips and Excursions, and Campus Entertainment, were departments of UGBC. Nights on the Heights was another programming group specifically designed to entertain students on the weekends as an alternative to drinking.
These organizations began CAB traditions such as Pub Series and Homecoming.
UGBC separated from its programming bodies and the Campus Activities Board was formed in 2014 to manage events.
Unlike many other student organizations, which are generally approved and funded through UGBC and the Student Organization Funding Committee, CAB is overseen directly by the Office of Student Involvement.
Sanfilippo has been a part of the organization since its inception and has enjoyed all of the time he has spent with it so far.
"I love the CAB family I have here. People are so dedicated and excited to create and run events, so their enthusiasm has always motivated me," said Sanfilippo. "Everyone in CAB is a volunteer, so the entire organization is run because our members enjoy being part of the organization. In addition, I love seeing people enjoy themselves at our events, and the feedback always reminds me why I do what I do."
When asked about his favorite CAB events, Sanfilippo had trouble deciding which one he enjoyed the most.
"It's so hard to pick just one! For our smaller events, I'm a huge fan of trivia night," said Sanfilippo. "[Of] our larger events, I love ice skating at Frog Pond; I love seeing the Commons strung with Christmas lights, and I always need a study break during finals."
Sanfilippo and the rest of the new executive board still have some time before they fully assume their new positions. Their summers will be spent planning next year's early large events, including Homecoming, Stokes Set, and many more.
TagsBoston CollegecabCampus Activities Boardcampus eventsEric Sanfilippoexecutive boardHomecomingLiam Maddenstudent organizationvolunteer
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What is a day in your camp like?
Like at our Downtown campus, the Thunderbird Arts Center camp day runs from 9am-4pm. Throughout each day campers move with their groups to experience different fun-filled art classes. Classes usually run an hour and fifteen minutes to an hour and a half each and include Dance, Drama, Music, or Visual Arts (featuring drawing, painting, mixed media, clay, and other theme-based visual arts projects). Thunderbird arts center performances are held in one of our classrooms.
This sounds like so much fun! Can I sign myself up for camp??
We understand your excitement as our art camps are totally awesome! However, our camps are only for youth, grades K-6. You can, however, check out our adult classes listings or volunteer at one of our camps!
My child has not started kindergarten yet. Can I enroll him/her in camp?
For Summer Camp sessions the Phoenix Center for the Arts campus offers a "Creative Critters" program. This group of 5 year olds will spend their day with instructors learning how to express their creativity! At this time, Creative Critters is offered only at our Downtown location.
My child is a teenager, but I see that your camp is K-6th grades only (ages 6-12). How can he/she be involved?
We have summer activities for teens, too! Teens can have an AWESOME break by taking a Teen Class, or by volunteering at our arts camps. If interested in volunteering at either camp location, contact our Volunteer Coordinator at volunteer(at)phoenixcenterforthearts.org or 602-254-3100 ext 307.
Will I need to send lunch with my child every day?
Lunches are not provided during our Spring, Fall or Winter Break camps, so you will need to send a shelf-stable lunch with your child each day. For Summer Camp, lunches will be provided by Civitan at no additional cost to you!
What about snacks and water?
We do not provide snacks, but you are welcome to send snacks with your child so they can stay energized throughout the day! Campers will not have access to vending machines during camp hours. Thunderbird has concessions available for purchase, one dollar each, that can be purchased before camp begins, at lunch, or during aftercare. Snacks and bottled water are $1.00 each.
We have drinking fountains located throughout our facility. We encourage everyone to stay hydrated (especially over the summer!). You may also send a water bottle with your camper.
What if I need to drop off my child early or pick them up late?
We do offer before and after care each at an additional cost. At Thunderbird Before Care runs from 7:30am-9:00am and After Care from 4:00pm-5:30pm. The cost of before and after care varies.
Art-friendly outfits! Your camper will be active and may get a bit messy during camp. Please make sure your camper is wearing clothing that they can dance, paint, and play in each day. No flip-flops please!
When and what is the Performance?
The performance is on the last Friday of each camp session, and is a chance for the campers to share all that they have worked to create and experienced! At Thunderbird, the camp performance is held in the Big Room and there is a visual arts walk in the visual arts room.
Can my child be in the same group as his/her sibling or friend?
Campers will be grouped by age to allow for the highest quality arts instruction. We cannot guarantee group placement, but do understand that art can be more fun with friends and will do our best to place them together as long as they are similar in age.
How do I enroll my child in camp online?
If you are new to Phoenix Center for the Arts and have not enrolled in classes before, you will need to create an account. Enter your first and last name in the box titled "New to our site?" and click the "Next" button. You will be redirected to the "Create an Account" page.
Enter YOUR OWN (parent/guardian) information for all required fields under 1. Contact Information and then enter the e-mail address you would like to use for your login under 2. Login.
For 3. Family Member, enter each of your children as a family member. Please be sure to enter your child's birthday, re-enter your phone number and e-mail, and check the box that says "Paid for by [you]." Click save and add each additional child.
When enrolling your child in camp and/or classes, be sure to click their name so you do not enroll yourself by mistake!
I am enrolling more than one of my children into camp. How do I receive the Sibling Discount?
You must register your children by phone to receive the Sibling Discount ($25 off each additional child for Summer Camps, $15 off each additional child for Spring and Fall Break Camps, and $10 off each additional child for Winter Break Camps). If you create your account online first, the phone registration will only take a few minutes and we're happy to help.
I have enrolled my child in camp. When will I receive more information and any camp paperwork I will need to fill out?
You will receive a packet in your e-mail 1-2 weeks before the camp session begins. This will include the Arts Camp Information and Policies, Parent & Child Information Sheet, Waiver & Release, and T-Shirt Order Form (t-shirts available for Summer Camp only).
I enrolled my child in camp but he/she can no longer attend. Can I get a refund?
My child cannot attend the entire camp session/will be missing some days of camp. Are you able to prorate the cost?
Unfortunately we are unable to prorate the cost of camp, as it is designed as a two-week program for the best camp experience possible!
Thunderbird Arts Center is located at 1106 E. Grovers Ave, 85022. The building is positioned behind the Mountain View Community Center Pool. Please park in the North West Lot and follow the ramp up to the front doors from the North East Corner of the lot.
Please don't hesitate to call if you have any questions or concerns. You may reach our Thunderbird Class Manager, Lindsey Krause, at l.krause(at)phoenixcenterforthearts.org or 602-293-3267.


It's common knowledge that car accidents cause serious injuries. Sitting in the passenger's seat in a vehicle can be just as dangerous as sitting behind the wheel. If you suffered an injury as a passenger in an auto accident, you may be entitled to receive compensation for your medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering.
The attorneys at Bowles & Verna represent car accident victims in personal injury cases. If you live in the San Francisco Bay Area and suffer an injury as a passenger in an auto accident, we may be able to help you seek compensation.
In California, passenger car accident claims differ from other types of auto accident claims. That is because passengers typically do not own the vehicle that is involved in the accident and therefore are not subject to the same standards as the person driving.
Under California law, a passenger is responsible for his or her own safety to a certain extent. For example, common sense measures such as wearing a seatbelt and refraining from entering the car if the driver is intoxicated are expected of passengers.
However, the passenger is not responsible for the driver's carelessness on the road. If the driver disobeys the law or fails to exercise caution, it is the driver's responsibility.
If you suffer an injury as a passenger in an auto accident, the central question is who is responsible? In California, the at-fault driver's insurance company will be responsible for compensating you, the accident victim.
Regardless of who is at fault, you have the right to file a claim against that person's insurance company.
Without legal guidance, an injury victim might settle for less compensation than his or her claim is really worth. Further, by agreeing to a settlement, he or she might sign away his or her right to further legal action.
That is why it is important that you consult with a car accident attorney immediately after an accident. Most often, personal injury cases involving auto accidents in California are settled privately out of court. However, if the insurance company refuses to offer a fair settlement, our team of car accident attorneys are not afraid to go to trial.
For additional information about your legal options following a passenger car accident, contact Bowles & Verna. Schedule a consultation online or call us at (925) 935-3300 today.


But I've been working hard and tried to prove these druids that my xpath and regex skills are up to their standards. I have hopefully earned my first shilling and I've earned it with my very own site! :) So you hoodwinkers out there, feel free to leave your winks instead of regular comments from now on!


When my dog, Z, was only six months old, she came to our family Thanksgiving celebration. My sister-in-law's sister (is there an official title for such a relative?) asked me what training method I used with Z. Taken aback, I was at a loss for a response because I had no training technique. Not having an answer gave me that "less-than" feeling, as it seemed I should have a system for training my dog. Z was 90 pounds at that point and I wanted her to be well liked by one and all. Yet, it is not in my nature to enforce an agenda on someone else—human or animal. Having been stunned by this inconsequential question, it stuck with me for days. Mulling it around, I began to recognize that I do have a training approach; I spend tons of quality time with my animals. Four-legged animals don't use a vocal vocabulary, they communicate silently. Essentially, so do we. The words humans vocalize is estimated to be only 10% of their communication—body language, unspoken intention, and inflection making up the other 90%. Point is, by being together, Z and I have learned to understand each other beyond words. We both pick up nonverbal cues for what is acceptable, without consciously "training" the other. This allows me to speak to her only as a reinforcement of what she already senses. Although not infallible, in my opinion, so far this works for us. She is now 2.5 years old and remains a delightful dog and friend to be around. Most of the time, any way.
Having begun my spiritual search some time in my teens, it has been my way for the majority of this life. Over the years, I continually wanted a teacher to help me. I went to workshops, lectures, and read countless books looking for one. While most interested and inspired me, none felt like the one teacher I had been seeking. I continued my self-study consisting mostly of time in the company of trees and animals, listening and writing. While doing so, I have heard many things within. When a thought has truth, my body has a certain feel about it—a tingling or vibration. It's as though my bones know veracity. Even so, I continued to look for someone else to teach me. Only now, after years of searching, do I see that I was given a teacher the moment I asked for one. That teacher was me.
These two stories may seem unrelated. Yet, both are examples of finding, claiming and trusting in my own nature. I have a rich inner life. Even so, at times I search outwardly for answers—turning to people, books or methods to show me the way. It turns out that their ideas are only helpful tools to use in finding my own path. This is true for all of us, even those who find a particular method or teacher to follow. We have reached a time when prophecies have predicted great transition. The vital and simple question I ask you is; do you listen to and also follow your inner rhythm and teacher? If not, decide what it would take to change that and do it. For what the world needs is not more copies of what already exists, but people who are fulfilling their individual role in the whole. It is in this way we will remember humans do not have dominion over the world, but are instead an integral part of the earth.


text:
/*
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.facebook.presto.orc.metadata.statistics;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;

import static com.facebook.presto.orc.metadata.statistics.BinaryStatisticsBuilder.mergeBinaryStatistics;
import static com.facebook.presto.orc.metadata.statistics.BooleanStatisticsBuilder.mergeBooleanStatistics;
import static com.facebook.presto.orc.metadata.statistics.DateStatisticsBuilder.mergeDateStatistics;
import static com.facebook.presto.orc.metadata.statistics.DoubleStatisticsBuilder.mergeDoubleStatistics;
import static com.facebook.presto.orc.metadata.statistics.IntegerStatisticsBuilder.mergeIntegerStatistics;
import static com.facebook.presto.orc.metadata.statistics.LongDecimalStatisticsBuilder.mergeDecimalStatistics;
import static com.facebook.presto.orc.metadata.statistics.StringStatisticsBuilder.mergeStringStatistics;
import static com.google.common.base.MoreObjects.toStringHelper;

public class ColumnStatistics
{
    private final Long numberOfValues;
    private final long minAverageValueSizeInBytes;
    private final BooleanStatistics booleanStatistics;
    private final IntegerStatistics integerStatistics;
    private final DoubleStatistics doubleStatistics;
    private final StringStatistics stringStatistics;
    private final DateStatistics dateStatistics;
    private final DecimalStatistics decimalStatistics;
    private final BinaryStatistics binaryStatistics;
    private final HiveBloomFilter bloomFilter;

    public ColumnStatistics(
            Long numberOfValues,
            long minAverageValueSizeInBytes,
            BooleanStatistics booleanStatistics,
            IntegerStatistics integerStatistics,
            DoubleStatistics doubleStatistics,
            StringStatistics stringStatistics,
            DateStatistics dateStatistics,
            DecimalStatistics decimalStatistics,
            BinaryStatistics binaryStatistics,
            HiveBloomFilter bloomFilter)
    {
        this.numberOfValues = numberOfValues;
        this.minAverageValueSizeInBytes = minAverageValueSizeInBytes;
        this.booleanStatistics = booleanStatistics;
        this.integerStatistics = integerStatistics;
        this.doubleStatistics = doubleStatistics;
        this.stringStatistics = stringStatistics;
        this.dateStatistics = dateStatistics;
        this.decimalStatistics = decimalStatistics;
        this.binaryStatistics = binaryStatistics;
        this.bloomFilter = bloomFilter;
    }

    public boolean hasNumberOfValues()
    {
        return numberOfValues != null;
    }

    public long getNumberOfValues()
    {
        return numberOfValues == null ? 0 : numberOfValues;
    }

    public boolean hasMinAverageValueSizeInBytes()
    {
        return hasNumberOfValues() && numberOfValues > 0;
    }

    /**
     * The minimum average value sizes.
     * The actual average value size is no less than the return value.
     * It provides a lower bound of the size of data to be loaded
     */
    public long getMinAverageValueSizeInBytes()
    {
        // it is ok to return 0 if the size does not exist given it is a lower bound
        return minAverageValueSizeInBytes;
    }

    public BooleanStatistics getBooleanStatistics()
    {
        return booleanStatistics;
    }

    public DateStatistics getDateStatistics()
    {
        return dateStatistics;
    }

    public DoubleStatistics getDoubleStatistics()
    {
        return doubleStatistics;
    }

    public IntegerStatistics getIntegerStatistics()
    {
        return integerStatistics;
    }

    public StringStatistics getStringStatistics()
    {
        return stringStatistics;
    }

    public DecimalStatistics getDecimalStatistics()
    {
        return decimalStatistics;
    }

    public BinaryStatistics getBinaryStatistics()
    {
        return binaryStatistics;
    }

    public HiveBloomFilter getBloomFilter()
    {
        return bloomFilter;
    }

    public ColumnStatistics withBloomFilter(HiveBloomFilter bloomFilter)
    {
        return new ColumnStatistics(
                numberOfValues,
                minAverageValueSizeInBytes,
                booleanStatistics,
                integerStatistics,
                doubleStatistics,
                stringStatistics,
                dateStatistics,
                decimalStatistics,
                binaryStatistics,
                bloomFilter);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o)
    {
        if (this == o) {
            return true;
        }
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
            return false;
        }
        ColumnStatistics that = (ColumnStatistics) o;
        return Objects.equals(numberOfValues, that.numberOfValues) &&
                Objects.equals(booleanStatistics, that.booleanStatistics) &&
                Objects.equals(integerStatistics, that.integerStatistics) &&
                Objects.equals(doubleStatistics, that.doubleStatistics) &&
                Objects.equals(stringStatistics, that.stringStatistics) &&
                Objects.equals(dateStatistics, that.dateStatistics) &&
                Objects.equals(decimalStatistics, that.decimalStatistics) &&
                Objects.equals(bloomFilter, that.bloomFilter);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode()
    {
        return Objects.hash(numberOfValues, booleanStatistics, integerStatistics, doubleStatistics, stringStatistics, dateStatistics, decimalStatistics, bloomFilter);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return toStringHelper(this)
                .omitNullValues()
                .add("numberOfValues", numberOfValues)
                .add("booleanStatistics", booleanStatistics)
                .add("integerStatistics", integerStatistics)
                .add("doubleStatistics", doubleStatistics)
                .add("stringStatistics", stringStatistics)
                .add("dateStatistics", dateStatistics)
                .add("decimalStatistics", decimalStatistics)
                .add("bloomFilter", bloomFilter)
                .toString();
    }

    public static ColumnStatistics mergeColumnStatistics(List<ColumnStatistics> stats)
    {
        long numberOfRows = stats.stream()
                .mapToLong(ColumnStatistics::getNumberOfValues)
                .sum();

        long minAverageValueBytes = 0;
        if (numberOfRows > 0) {
            minAverageValueBytes = stats.stream()
                    .mapToLong(s -> s.getMinAverageValueSizeInBytes() * s.getNumberOfValues())
                    .sum() / numberOfRows;
        }

        return new ColumnStatistics(
                numberOfRows,
                minAverageValueBytes,
                mergeBooleanStatistics(stats).orElse(null),
                mergeIntegerStatistics(stats).orElse(null),
                mergeDoubleStatistics(stats).orElse(null),
                mergeStringStatistics(stats).orElse(null),
                mergeDateStatistics(stats).orElse(null),
                mergeDecimalStatistics(stats).orElse(null),
                mergeBinaryStatistics(stats).orElse(null),
                null);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
CASTLES MADE OF SAND: THE ANNOTATED CASTLES FEATURE
AX'S PLAYLIST
If you've played BOLD AS LOVE, you know the score. There's a playlist that goes with the story, chapter by chapter, sometimes the tracks are classics, some are just obscure, they all mean something crucial to the characters or tell you something vitally important about the plot. If you figure out what it all means, send your answer on an e-postcard to Aoxomoxoa@boldsalove.co.uk with your name and address and we'll send you a teeshirt.
Are you ready... Here we go...
CHAPTER ONE: "Sweetness And Light" The rockstars launch a cultural initiative.
Haydn, string quartets Op.20, nos 2,5&6 The Lindsays, ASV Digital... Or, if you want the hippy dippy version, try 'Ripple' from American Beauty, The Grateful Dead (which is the first track on 'Unmasked', by the way). Would you hear my voice come through the music? Would you hold it close, as it were your own...? Well, would you?
CHAPTER TWO: "Unmasked" This is about making stupid mistakes in love, and glittery nights, and it should have an early eighties sound, Ooh, I should have known better than to cheat a friend, guilty feet have got no ryhthm 'Careless Whispers', George Michael (ah, didn't he used to be a nice, sensitive boy-)
"How strange that three should be so different from two.
The difference between a line from A to B and the whole world..."
CHAPTER THREE: "Carpark Barbie" Every shining bonnet, makes me think of my back on it..now we're getting somewhere. The Promised Land can be anywhere, they say: you just know it when you find it. Dark and rain, a carpark, dogshit and grit...The elements. There was once a cartoon strip bio of Justine Frischmann and her crew's merry progress in NME that I was very fond of because although Justine bears little relation to Fiorinda, somehow the band looked to me like DARK-. 'Car Song' Elastica, Elastica, 1995
CHAPTER FOUR: "The Grove". 'Stairway To Heaven' Led Zeppelin, 'Untitled' 1971. Is it the Aleister Crowley connection? Is it the inimitable Zep lyrics? No, it's a reality check, to remind you of the sobering truth. Forget Utopian politics. How far from the classic, unchanging core beliefs of rockstar culture, to the truly bad places? Not very far. Hedonism is Utopia on a knife edge. But it beats every other route-
(Oh, okay. I admit. I have time for Led Zep. They're tight, blues based and they started something... Now you can take me out and shoot me.)
CHAPTER FIVE: "Lithium". How to ruin your life, without drugs. You'll be amazed at these results! The song of the same name, Nirvana, 'Nevermind'. Oh I'm so happy, cos today I found my friends. Yes, anoraks, it's the fifth track on Nevermind. Excuse me, I don't want to linger here
CHAPTER SIX: "One Of The Three"
Or, if you find reincarnation too slow, you could take the hi-tech route and seek the Zen Self in a lab, assisted by heavy neurosteroids. The price is as usual in these cases, either way; the song is One Of The Three by James,from 'Laid'. Brixton Academy, one very strange night-
For more about the druidic triads, try this link
CHAPTER SEVEN: "Big In Brazil#2" Someone said Bold As Love is a passionate plea for imagination in politics. Okay, well here's that chapter. About radical solutions in a time of dissolution, about the thrill of a political conference (yes, really), about how people come together in times of crisis, about the rising tide of the great dying, (and that's NOT a fairytale); and it's about how stress can make a person very stupid. But the tune is Teach Your Children, from Crosby Stills Nash and Young, DeJa Vu, released March 11th 1970; and you don't know why, but I do. Hey, musketeers, remember the Paradiso?
How about that Graham Nash, eh? Nice Blackpool lad, ending up with those Californian hippie rockstars?
CHAPTER EIGHT: "The Night Belongs To Fiorinda"
Wandering Star, Portishead, 'Dummy' Thank you, Geoff and Beth and Clive. And no more.
CHAPTER NINE: Love Minus Zero/ No Limit. My love she speaks like silence, without ideals of violence, she doesn't have to say she's faithful, when she's true like ice, like fire. But the tune, believe it or not, has to be 'Not In Nottingham' from the Disney version of Robin Hood, would you believe. Trashed up by a bunch of mean, crazed, Teesside dike-rockers.
CHAPTER TEN: "The Elephant's Child". Finding out what crocodiles have for lunch... When the white knight is talking backwards and the red queen's lost her head, remember what the dormouse said. It's got to be White Rabbit, by Jefferson Airplane, from Surrealistic Pillow.
And fade, to the cheery ska sound of Jackie Opel, push wood on the fire Jackie, good wood on the fire, Jackie (lyric slightly misquoted, for plot reasons)
Castles Made Of Sand
Haydn, string quartets Op.20
Ripple, The Grateful Dead
Careless Whispers, George Michael
Car Song , Elastica
Stairway To Heaven, Led Zeppelin
Lithium, Nirvana
One Of The Three, James
Teach Your Children, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young
Wandering Star, Portishead
Love Minus Zero/ No Limit, Bob Dylan
Not In Nottingham, Walt Disney Productions
White Rabbit, Jefferson Airplane:
Push Wood, Jackie Opel
'Music, however, as an extraverbal mode of mental functioning,permits a specific, subtle regression to the preverbal, i.e. to truly primitive forms of mental experience, while at the same time remaining socially and aesthetically acceptable' Kohut. And this is a bad thing? Discuss.


– Seductive Cherry Flavour. Reusable bottles, with a pin tip and a child-lock system. The pin tip allows you to refill your clearomizers faster and safer.
– More flavour, thicker clouds, extra-delicious puffs and premium liquids in the new Vapoursson 100ml Cherry E-liquid shortfill bottles, created by Vapoursson.
– No tobacco, tar, nicotine, no unpleasant taste or smell, only a sweet, lovely afertaste and a perfectly flavoured cloud. The soft, succulent flavour Cherry you'll surely love.


text:
Video Behind the scenes:
from marbles to mummies - NEW series by British Museum
Every object in the British Museum, including everything you see on display, is cared for by a dedicated team of conservators and scientists. They work alongside curators and other staff to preserve and investigate over 8 million objects, promoting the latest scientific and curatorial research into the collection.
Since 2014 the conservators and scientists have been based in the Museum's new state-of-the-art World Conservation and Exhibitions Centre. Conservators and scientists preserve the collection for present and future generations and bring history to life for a global audience, through a greater understanding of the materials and making of objects. Conservation and scientific research increases our knowledge about the meaning and context of objects in the collection.
Find out more about the work of conservators and scientists in this behind-the-scenes film.
We're getting ready to make our first YouTube series and we need your help!
We've made pilot episodes for four series that we want you to watch. Tell us which one you like by giving the video (or videos) a 'Like'. The video with the most likes by 23 Dec 2015 will have a series made from January 2016.
This series is Behind the scenes.


text:
Victoria's Underground Mine Tours
Posted 02/10/2018 in Things to do
Guided underground mine tours offer a unique, unforgettable experience where you can immerse yourself in Victoria's mining history in an exciting and engaging environment. There are a bunch of underground adventures throughout Victoria that you won't want to miss - check out the following list!
Long Tunnel Extended Mine Tour, Walhalla VIC
Long Tunnel Extended Mine, Walhalla VIC (image source: www.walhallaboard.org.au)
Once a busy gold mining town, Walhalla is now a picturesque historic village nestled in Gippsland's alpine wilderness. Walhalla's Long Tunnel Extended Gold Mine was Victoria's biggest gold producer for five consecutive years during the 1890's, and for one of those years it was the biggest gold producer in Australia. Over the Long Tunnel Extended Gold Mine's fifty year history, a total of 859,540 tons of quartz had been mined from which 440,312 troy ounces (or 13,695 kilograms) of gold was extracted.
Guided underground tours of the Long Tunnel Extended Gold Mine operate daily and are pram/wheelchair accessible. There are two tour options - a general underground tour as well as a technical tour. Be sure to check out the museum while you're there for a fascinating glimpse into the town's mining history, methods and equipment.
Find out more at www.walhallaboard.org.au
State Coal Mine, Wonthaggi VIC
State Coal Mine, Wonthaggi VIC (image source: www.parkstay.vic.gov.au)
Discover what life was like working in a coal mine during the 1900s, venture underground and get hands-on at the coal face and learn all about how black gold was extracted by the hard working men of Victoria at Wonthaggi's State Coal Mine.
During its operation from 1906 to 1968, the State Coal Mine produced around 17 million tonnes of coal which was used in Victoria's railways and industries. Today the coal mine has been restored by the local community and is managed by Parks Victoria.
Enjoy free entry to the above-ground site where you can climb aboard the old steam locomotive, meet Cobber (the pit pony), take the heritage walk among the buildings and gardens, watch a film in the theatrette and explore the museum. Complement all this with a tour of the underground coal mine for an unforgettable day out!
Find out more at www.parkstay.vic.gov.au
Carman's Tunnel, Maldon VIC
Carman's Tunnel, Maldon VIC (image source: www.weekendnotes.com)
Around 1882 the Great International Quartz Mining Company commenced work in Carman's Tunnel, in an attempt to drive a tunnel straight through Mt Tarrangower and intersect rich reefs which had been previously mined from shafts on the mountain. After processing only about 600 metres, work at Carman's Tunnel was abandoned at the end of 1884 after a mere two years of operation. While no gold bearing rock was cut, this tunnel is an excellent example of 1880's mining techniques.
Opened to the public in 1964, you can now book guided, candlelit tours of Carman's Tunnel and explore the unaltered features and techniques of 1880's gold mining. The tour operators are very knowledgeable and passionate about the history of the mine and the local area. Alongside the mine entrance you will find a fascinating collection of information boards, maps, mineral displays and mining machinery.
Find out more at www.goldfieldsguide.com.au and www.maldon.org.au
Central Deborah, Bendigo VIC
Central Deborah, Bendigo VIC (image source: www.bendigotourism.com)
Venture down into the underground tunnels of a real gold mine that operated during Bendigo's gold rush boom of the 1900's at Central Deborah Gold Mine! Central Deborah offers several guided underground tours, and boasts Australia's deepest mine tour at 228 metres underground with the Nine Levels of Darkness tour.
Explore the fascinating museum, the blacksmith shop, check out the crusher and other machinery, pan for gold, and learn all about how the mine operated and what life was like for the miners who worked there.
Find out more at www.goldfieldsguide.com.au and www.central-deborah.com
Sovereign Hill, Ballarat VIC
Sovereign Hill, Ballarat VIC (image source: www.pinterest.com)
Visit Sovereign Hill's living museum and discover what life was like during Ballarat's 1850's gold rush! Sovereign Hill is a goldfields town complete with shops, hotels, schools, factories, a theatre, a gold diggings and underground mines to explore. Working exhibits are brought to life by fully costumed characters and over forty horses.
Sovereign Hill offers both self guided and fully guided mine tour options. Explore the Red Hill Mine on your own or undertake the three guided tours - Secret Chamber, Trapped, and Journey through the Labyrinth of Gold.
Find out more at www.goldfieldsguide.com.au and www.sovereignhill.com.au
Have you experienced any of these underground adventures? Let us know how it went in the comments below.
Johnny Stevens
When I went down there, it was dark
Anthony Downing
The family and myself have done the Central Deborah and the Carman Tunnel tours. Both were excellent. The Central Deborah has three tour options and we did the intermediate tour, it involved climbing down and up ladders and operating a rock drill, it also included a traditional Cornish lunch.


I've read that the exit nodes are the bottleneck of the tor network, and I've also read the opposite. Did the answer change at some point or is it changing often?
What is the best way to determine if the exit nodes are the bottlenecks right now and/or just "recently"?
Ultimately I'm wondering if I'm wasting my time by adding non-exit nodes if they're not needed, or if I'd be wasting my time trying to safely set up a new exit node when a new non-exit would help just as much.
Browse other questions tagged relays exit-relays or ask your own question.


A Rendez-vous is a family friendly boating event on the water for boats of all sizes and speeds. Participants register their boat – everything from PWC's to pontoon boats, to aluminum fishing boats and homemade sea flees, to deck boats to cruisers and even an over forty foot yacht got entered last year!
Everyone is given a number and the first of their five playing cards at registration. The next morning, there's a safety meeting for all drivers where we lay out the course we'll be cruising for the day including any hazards, slow speed zones and the all important lunch stop! Then the boats take to the water behind the official pace boat for the Rendez-vous event, stopping at predetermined locations and picking up their next four cards to make a poker hand.
Back at the event that evening, the hands are revealed and prizes awarded by our famous MC for the best hand, best boat, best dressed crew, and much more.
For the second event we will return to where Poker Runs started some 25 years ago: Gananoque, Ontario. On July 22nd and 23rd, 2011 they'll converge on the beautiful waterfront and cruise around the St. Lawrence River's in the well protected waters amongst the many limestone islands. The scenery is spectacular and it's a great spot to get that photo of you and your boat that you can blow up and frame! Just cruise on up to the pace boat and we'll snap a few for you to choose from later at the registration tent.
For more information visit: www.powerboating.com.


text:
Q: react-native-fcm don't receive notification when app is opened Why can't i receive notication from react-native-fcm when the app is opened?
Here is my payload
const proState={};
       proState.notiUID=recKey;
        proState.notiPayload={
          data: {
            senderKey:senderKey,
            id: senderKey+':chat',
            type: 'chat'
          },
          notification: {
            title: proState.senderSnap.fullname,
            body: proState.lastmsg,
            sound: 'default',
            id: senderKey+':chat',
            tag : senderKey+':chat',
            priority : "high",
            data: senderKey
      },
        };

  const optionss = {
    priority: "high",
    show_in_foreground: true
};

return admin.messaging()
        .sendToTopic(proState.notiUID, proState.notiPayload,optionss)

I only receives notifications when the app is minimized or closed

A: you are facing same issue in android and ios both platforms? If you are facing this issue only in ios then don't worry ios not receives notifications in foreground. Which is default behaviour of ios.


I joined the University of Dundee in 2012 as a lecturer, having completed my PhD at the University of Sheffield (2008-2011).
I have a longstanding interest in history and politics in its global context, with my research focusing on Southern Africa. My focus on contemporary African history enables an analysis of the enormous global changes of the twentieth century. My approach seeks to place distinct area specialisations, notably African, within the context of wider patterns of international economic, political, social and cultural expansion, contraction and reconstitution. By paying due regard to the interaction of such forces, global themes can be examined from non-Western perspectives, while avoiding the parochialism which so often haunts area studies. My research, while focusing on Southern Africa, lends itself to wider global themes as it addresses decolonisation, liberation movements, Cold War conflicts, democratisation, and post-colonial governance.
My research has addressed themes such as: the foreign policy of the ANC charting the continuities and discontinuities of its policies from exiled liberation movement to governing political party, 1960-2007; South Africa's transition process; an exploration of the role / influence of 'liberation solidarity' within Southern African liberation movements; and the ANC's position in the emergence of the anti-apartheid movement.
The next core research project "Contested Transitions: The legacies and implications of South Africa's negotiations to majority rule" sets out to examine transitional political processes, centred primarily on the shift from apartheid to democracy in South Africa (1990-94). It will examine the nature of the negotiation process and its political compromises.
In 2013, I became a Research Associate in the International Studies Group, based at the University of the Free State in South Africa.