text:
3Cultural references
4Reception
Retreat to Move Forward
9th episode of the 3rd season of 30 Rock
"Retreat to Move Forward"
30 Rock episode
Episode no.
Original air date
January 22, 2009 (2009-01-22)
Shalin Agarwal as Prashant
Cheryl Lynn Bowers as Joan
Mark La Mura as one of the Six Sigmas
Chris Parnell as Dr. Spaceman
Lola Pashalinski as Cleaning lady
Elizabeth Rouse as Katie
Episode chronology
"Flu Shot" Next →
"Generalissimo"
30 Rock (season 3)
List of episodes
"Retreat to Move Forward" is the ninth episode of the third season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock, and the 45th overall episode of the series. It was written by executive story editor Tami Sagher and directed by Steve Buscemi. The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on January 22, 2009. Guest stars in this episode include Shalin Agarwal, Cheryl Lynn Bowers, Mark La Mura, Chris Parnell, Lola Pashalinski, and Elizabeth Rouse.
In the episode, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) invites Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) to a corporate retreat, following his Bush administration and CEO debacles, for moral support. Meanwhile, Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) employs method acting for her Janis Joplin role, which Frank Rossitano (Judah Friedlander) quickly takes advantage of. After Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) is diagnosed with diabetes, Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer) attempts to find a way to dissuade Tracy from eating sugary food.
"Retreat to Move Forward" was generally well received among television critics. According to the Nielsen Media Research, the episode was watched by 6.4 million households during its original broadcast, and received a 3.2 rating/8 share among viewers in the 18–49 demographic.
Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) asks Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) to accompany him to the Six Sigmas Retreat in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, following his Bush administration and CEO debacles. There, Jack meets with the Six Sigmas, six men who each embody a core feature of Six Sigma: teamwork, insight, brutality, male enhancement, hand-shake-fulness and play-hard.[1] They disapprove of Liz's antics during the team building exercises and demand that Jack distance himself from her if he wants to succeed, which he does. Before his dinner speech, Jack psyches himself up in the men's room, completely forgetting that he is wearing a microphone and that everyone can hear him. Liz quickly takes the stage to draw attention away from Jack's embarrassment and finally ends up ripping her blouse open and dancing in front of everyone. She succeeds, and is banned from the retreat forever.
Meanwhile, Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) employs method acting for her upcoming role as singer Janis Joplin, thus allowing Frank Rossitano (Judah Friedlander) to take advantage of her. He tells her to do her research on Joplin on Wikipedia, then edits the page contents with nonsense when Jenna goes off to read it. Jenna, however, believes what she reads and proceeds to imitate all the "facts" on the page to the amusement of everyone. When she finally confronts Frank, they end up having sex and Jenna is affronted when Frank wants to keep it a secret from their co-workers. She reveals their fling in front of the other TGS with Tracy Jordan writers to the dismay of Frank. At hearing this, Katie (Elizabeth Rouse), the show's hair dresser and Frank's girlfriend, ruins Jenna's hair and face making her look like a witch.
At the same time, NBC page Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer) tries to help Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) understand how diabetes affects him after Dr. Leo Spaceman (Chris Parnell) told Tracy that he is at risk of getting diabetes. Kenneth tells him a story of how a wicked witch will come and take him away if he continues to consume his unhealthy eating habits but Tracy does not believe him. Tracy gets disgusted when Kenneth tries to scare him by dressing as a witch but suddenly Jenna comes running in screaming and looking like a witch complete with a broomstick in hand. This scares both Kenneth and Tracy who fearfully vows to change his eating habits immediately.
"Retreat to Move Forward" was directed by Steve Buscemi
"Retreat to Move Forward" was written by executive story editor Tami Sagher and directed by Steve Buscemi.[2] This was Sagher's second writing credit, having written season two episode "Ludachristmas" that aired on December 13, 2007.[3] This was Buscemi's first directed episode. "Retreat to Move Forward" originally aired on January 22, 2009, on NBC in the United States as the ninth episode of the show's third season and the 45th overall episode of the series.[4]
Buscemi has appeared on the show as the character Lenny Wosniak, a private investigator who has been hired by Jack Donaghy in the episodes "The Collection",[5] "The Natural Order",[6] "Mamma Mia",[7] and "Season 4".[8] Actor Chris Parnell reprised his role as Dr. Leo Spaceman in this episode.[1] This was Parnell's ninth appearance on the show.[9]
Cultural references[edit]
At the beginning of this 30 Rock episode, Liz tells Jack that she and Jenna used to perform improvisation at corporate retreats. In a flashback, the audience shout out Sling Blade and Oprah as suggestions for Liz and Jenna to do. Liz does the impression of the Sling Blade character, but Jenna believed that Liz was Oprah.[10] Tracy becomes intrigued with the idea of having his foot replaced with a wheel, after Dr. Spaceman informs him that if diabetes is left untreated he could lose a foot, to which he asks Dr. Spaceman "Could I replace it with a wheel like Rosie from The Jetsons?" Rosie is the humanoid robot maid for the title family, and she rolls about on a set of caster wheels.[11] When the TGS writers learn from Jenna that she will be employing method acting, Frank suggests that she do her research of Janis Joplin on Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia.[10] When Frank sees Jenna getting ready to eat a cat, he stops her and tells her that ALF, an extraterrestrial, eats cats.[12] After admitting that she hooked up with Frank, Jenna reveals that Dog the Bounty Hunter is the second grossest guy she has ever been with.[12]
Later in the episode, to cover-up for Jack, after psyching himself up and completely forgetting that he was wearing a microphone and that everyone could hear him, Liz starts singing the song "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)" by dance music group C+C Music Factory.[13] "Retreat to Move Forward" references Jack's time in the Bush administration that occurred in the show's second season,[14] and Jack's unsuccessful attempts of becoming CEO of General Electric in the December 4, 2008, episode "Reunion", after Don Geiss (Rip Torn)—who woke up from his diabetic coma—informs him he wants to remain as CEO of the company.[15] This was the second time 30 Rock referenced Jenna trying to play singer Janis Joplin in a feature film. This plot first began in the episode, "Señor Macho Solo", in which Jenna auditions to play the singer in a biographical movie.[16]
In its original American broadcast, "Retreat to Move Forward" was watched by 6.4 million households, according to the Nielsen Media Research.[17] This episode earned a 3.2 rating/8 share in the 18 and 49 demographic,[17] meaning that 3.2 percent of all people in that group, and 8 percent of all people from that group watching television at the time, watched the episode. This was a decrease from the previous episode, "Flu Shot", which was watched by 6.6 million American viewers.[18]
Television columnist Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger felt that "Retreat to Move Forward" was one of the best episodes of an uneven season. Sepinwall, however, felt it "petered out" towards the end, and that the Tracy and Kenneth plot did not work until it met the Jenna and Frank story. He noted that without the addition of a guest star, "this one made good use of virtually the entire cast".[13] IGN contributor Robert Canning enjoyed Liz and Jack's relationship in the episode. Canning felt that while the show occasionally hints at a romantic relationship between the two, they should never become linked. In his opinion, the episode demonstrated their non-romantic friendship "perfectly".[11] Bob Sassone of AOL's TV Squad liked the episode, but noted "...it's the second week in a row where one of the plots was way too over the top for me." Sassone wrote that he was not thrilled with the Kenneth and Tracy plot, citing that it was "way too silly and loud".[19] TV Guide's Matt Mitovich said that "Retreat to Move Forward" was "[a]nother very funny, super-huge-guest-star-free episode".[12] Rick Porter of Zap2it reported that he found himself "more attracted" to the second-tier plots than to the Jack and Liz plot, observing that it "had its moments, but the overall story didn't hit too many new notes in their relationship. [...] So yeah, some funny bits here and there with the main story ... But we've seen this kind of dynamic between Liz and Jack before, and so it didn't have the same comedic force as in the past."[20] Kevin D. Thompson for The Palm Beach Post praised 30 Rock for doing a perfect job with its three plots in the episode, and said that Jenna's line, "The academy loves dead singers and the handicapped. And Janis was both!", was "[h]ands-down, the funniest line of the show."[1]
The A.V. Club's Nathan Rabin, who had been favorable to Jenna's story arc of her playing Joplin, was not impressed with her antics in this episode. In regards to the episode itself, Rabin opined, "Tonight's episode was consistently amusing but 30 Rock engenders such sky-high expectations that being good oftentimes just isn't good enough." In conclusion, he gave the episode a B grade rating.[21] "'Retreat to Move Forward' had some amusing moments, but it's a bit unmemorable in retrospect. I'm still waiting for a true classic 30 Rock episode this season", said Jeremy Medina for Paste magazine. Nonetheless, Medina preferred this episode over The Office's "Prince Family Paper",[10] in which its plot focused on whether actress Hilary Swank was attractive or not.[22]
^ a b c Thompson, Kevin D. (2009-01-23). ""30 Rock": TV's gold standard for comedic excellence". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved 2015-01-23.
^ "30 Rock > Season 3". London: Screenrush (AlloCiné). Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ "30 Rock – Retreat to Move Forward". Yahoo! TV. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
^ Freitag, George (2007-10-19). "30 Rock: Episode 2.3 "The Collection" Recap". BuddyTV. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
^ Mitovich, Matt (2009-05-01). "30 Rock Episode Recap: "The Natural Order"". TV Guide. Archived from the original on 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
^ Semigran, Aly (2009-05-08). "'30 Rock': Best moments from 'Mamma Mia'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
^ Canning, Robert (2009-10-14). "30 Rock: "Season 4" Review". IGN. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
^ "Chris Parnell — Filmography by TV series". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
^ a b c Medina, Jeremy (2009-01-23). "30 Rock Review: "Retreat to Move Forward" (Episode 309)". Paste. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
^ a b Canning, Robert (2009-01-23). "30 Rock: "Retreat to Move Forward" Review". IGN. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ a b c Mitovich, Matt (2009-01-23). "30 Rock Episode Recap: "Retreat to Move Forward"". TV Guide. Archived from the original on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ a b Sepinwall, Alan (2009-01-23). "30 Rock, "Retreat To Move Forward": Camp value". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
^ Breuer, Howard (2009-04-02). "Michelle Obama Invited as 30 Rock Guest Star". People. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ Sassone, Bob (2008-12-05). "30 Rock: Reunion". TV Squad. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ Rabin, Nathan (2009-01-08). "Senor Macho Solo". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ a b Levine, Stuart (2009-01-23). "ABC wins a close Thursday night". Variety. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
^ "NBC Primetime Results for the week of Jan. 12–18" (Press release). NBC Universal Media Village. 2009-01-21. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ Sassone, Bob (2009-01-22). "30 Rock: Retreat to Move Forward". TV Squad. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
^ Porter, Rick (2009-01-22). "'30 Rock' beats a retreat". Zap2it. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ Rabin, Nathan (2009-01-22). "Retreat To Move Forward". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ Abbas, Shahzad (2009-01-23). "The Office Episode Recap: "Prince Family Paper"". TV Guide. Archived from the original on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
"Retreat to Move Forward" at IMDb
Liz Lemon
Jack Donaghy
Tracy Jordan
Jenna Maroney
Kenneth Parcell
"The Aftermath"
"Blind Date"
"Jack the Writer"
"Jack-Tor"
"Jack Meets Dennis"
"Tracy Does Conan"
"The Break-Up"
"The Baby Show"
"The Rural Juror"
"The Head and the Hair"
"Black Tie"
"Up All Night"
"The C Word"
"Hard Ball"
"The Source Awards"
"The Fighting Irish"
"Fireworks"
"Corporate Crush"
"Cleveland"
"Hiatus"
"SeinfeldVision"
"Jack Gets in the Game"
"The Collection"
"Rosemary's Baby"
"Greenzo"
"Somebody to Love"
"Cougars"
"Secrets and Lies"
"Ludachristmas"
"MILF Island"
"Subway Hero"
"Succession"
"Sandwich Day"
"Cooter"
"Do-Over"
"Believe in the Stars"
"The One with the Cast of Night Court"
"Gavin Volure"
"Reunion"
"Christmas Special"
"Señor Macho Solo"
"Flu Shot"
"St. Valentine's Day"
"Larry King"
"Goodbye, My Friend"
"The Funcooker"
"The Bubble"
"Apollo, Apollo"
"Cutbacks"
"Jackie Jormp-Jomp"
"The Ones"
"The Natural Order"
"Mamma Mia"
"Kidney Now!"
"Season 4"
"Into the Crevasse"
"Stone Mountain"
"Audition Day"
"The Problem Solvers"
"Sun Tea"
"Dealbreakers Talk Show #0001"
"Secret Santa"
"Klaus and Greta"
"Black Light Attack!"
"Winter Madness"
"Verna"
"Anna Howard Shaw Day"
"Future Husband"
"Don Geiss, America and Hope"
"Floyd"
"Lee Marvin vs. Derek Jeter"
"Khonani"
"Argus"
"The Moms"
"Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land"
"I Do Do"
"The Fabian Strategy"
"When It Rains, It Pours"
"Let's Stay Together"
"Live Show"
"Reaganing"
"Gentleman's Intermission"
"Brooklyn Without Limits"
"College"
"Chain Reaction of Mental Anguish"
"Christmas Attack Zone"
"Mrs. Donaghy"
"Operation Righteous Cowboy Lightning"
"¡Qué Sorpresa!"
"Double-Edged Sword"
"It's Never Too Late for Now"
"TGS Hates Women"
"Queen of Jordan"
"Plan B"
"I Heart Connecticut"
"Everything Sunny All the Time Always"
"Respawn"
"Dance Like Nobody's Watching"
"Idiots Are People Two!"
"Idiots Are People Three!"
"The Ballad of Kenneth Parcell"
"Today You Are a Man"
"Hey, Baby, What's Wrong"
"The Tuxedo Begins"
"Leap Day"
"Alexis Goodlooking and the Case of the Missing Whisky"
"Standards and Practices"
"St. Patrick's Day"
"Grandmentor"
"Kidnapped by Danger"
"The Shower Principle"
"Nothing Left to Lose"
"Meet the Woggels!"
"Murphy Brown Lied to Us"
"Live from Studio 6H"
"Queen of Jordan 2: Mystery of the Phantom Pooper"
"The Return of Avery Jessup"
"What Will Happen to the Gang Next Year?"
"The Beginning of the End"
"Governor Dunston"
"Stride of Pride"
"Unwindulax"
"There's No I in America"
"Aunt Phatso vs. Jack Donaghy"
"Mazel Tov, Dummies!"
"My Whole Life Is Thunder"
"Game Over"
"Florida"
"A Goon's Deed in a Weary World"
"Hogcock!"
"Last Lunch"
"30 Rock: A One-Time Special"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retreat_to_Move_Forward&oldid=1065587189"
2009 American television episodes
30 Rock (season 3) episodes
Television episode articles with short description for single episodes


text:
John Hart (actor)
Smuggler (production company)
John Hart
John Hart (speedway rider)
John Hart (December 13, 1917 – September 20, 2009) was an American motion picture and television actor, born in Los Angeles, California. In his early career, he appeared mostly in Westerns. Although he played mostly minor roles in some fairly well known films, he was probably best known for having replaced Clayton Moore in 1952 for one season of the television series, The Lone Ranger.
Hart began his screen career in 1937 with a bit part in Daughter of Shanghai. He continued in a variety of B pictures such as Prison Farm and King of Alcatraz before appearing in two of Cecil B. DeMille's films The Buccaneer (1938) and North West Mounted Police (1940).
His acting career was interrupted when he was drafted into the United States Army in 1941. He rose to the rank of first sergeant in the Coast Artillery, eventually serving in the Philippines. Following military service, he worked frequently for Sam Katzman and was given the lead in the Jack Armstrong (1947) film serial. Hart did stunt work and acted in numerous Westerns and was eventually offered the opportunity to replace Clayton Moore on The Lone Ranger television series. Based on the assumption that the masked character, rather than the actor, was the true star of The Lone Ranger, the program's producers fired Moore (presumably over salary differences) and replaced him with Hart, who was of a similar build and had a comparable background in Westerns. However, the public never truly accepted Hart as the Lone Ranger, and by 1954 the producers returned Moore to the role. According to Clayton Moore's autobiography I Was That Masked Man, Moore never knew why he was replaced with John Hart, and also stated that he had not sought a pay increase. Interestingly, he acted in minor roles in two episodes of The Lone Ranger before being asked to replace Clayton Moore for the entire third season. The episodes were "Rifles and Renegades" (#34) and "Sheriff at Gunstock" (#46).
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/John_Hart_(actor)
Smuggler is a film, TV, commercial, music video and theatre production company founded in 2002 by Patrick Milling Smith and Brian Carmody. It has been awarded 'Production Company of the Year' by several leading commercial industry magazines and award shows over the past few years, including 2010 by Creativity magazine and has been awarded the Palme d'Or three times (including most recently in 2015) at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival.
Smuggler works with directors Jaron Albertin, Brian Beletic, Adam Berg, Adrien Brody, Michael Clowater, Stephen Daldry, Jun Diaz, Filip Engstrom, Todd Field, Barry Flanagan, David Frankham, The Guard Brothers, Neil Harris, Tom Hooper (director), Miles Jay, Randy Krallman, James Marsh (director), Renny Maslow, Bennett Miller, Mark Molloy, Joshua Neale, Tristan Patterson, Jamie Rafn, Henry Alex Rubin, Guy Shelmerdine, Chris Smith, Stylewar, Sam Taylor-Johnson and Ivan Zacharias.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Smuggler_(production_company)
John Hart may refer to:
John Hart (Governor of Maryland), (flourished 1714-1720), royal governor of Maryland
John Hart (governor) (died 1740), British colonial administrator, Governor of the Leeward Islands, 1721–1728
John Hart (New Jersey politician) (c. 1711–1779), delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress and a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence
John Hart (doctor) (1751–1836), American surgeon and politician
John Hart (South Australian colonist) (1809–1873), sailor, mill-owner and politician
John Shadrach Hart (1838–1912), New South Wales politician
John Hart, Jr. (1848-1881), member of the South Australian House of Assembly
John M. Hart (1866-1955), American politician
John Hart (Canadian politician) (1879–1957), premier of British Columbia in 1940s
Jack Hart (state senator) (John A. Hart, Jr.), Democratic member of the Massachusetts State Senate
John Hart, aka James L. Hart, U.S. congressional candidate in 2004 and 2006
Johnny Hart (Australian footballer), Australian footballer for Essendon
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/John_Hart
Found years, Found teamyear, Found career, Found Country, Found teamhonour, Found indivhonour, Found indivyear,
John Philip Hart (born 22 January 1941) is a British former motorcycle speedway rider.
Born in Birmingham, John Hart is the son of former rider and Birmingham promoter Phil "Tiger" Hart. After initially racing stock cars from 1959, he began his speedway career in 1960 with Stoke Potters. Hart was the last to ride on Birmingham's Perry Barr track (at the Alexander Sports Stadium) before it closed to speedway in 1960. He moved to Cradley Heathens in 1961, the team that he would ride for in eight seasons over the course of his career. In 1962 he represented England against an Overseas team, and also represented a Provincial League select against the National League. When the British League started in 1965, Hart was a heat leader with the Heathens, averaging close to eight points per match. In 1966 he transferred to Sheffield Tigers, where he spent two seasons before moving to Leicester Lions for three seasons in which he only missed one match. In 1971 he returned to Cradley, but failed to repeat his earlier form over two seasons there and in 1973 dropped down to the Second Division with Birmingham Brummies, where was a consistent high scorer for three seasons before retiring in 1975.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/John_Hart_(speedway_rider)
Konversation with John Harte - Ep196
source: Decibel Geek Podcast
John Hart with Tami Hoag
source: Poisoned Pen Podcast
John Hart - Redemption Road
source: mysterypod
Interview with John Hartness
source: How to Succeed in Evil
John G. Hartness, Author
source: SORCEROUS: An Urban Fantasy Podcast
John Hart with John & Garry
source: 2UEBreakfast
Dallas Hart | Actor, Musician & Heart Throb
source: Ritch In Life
How Actor SteVonté Hart is Surviving the Quarantine
source: Quarantine With The Stars
A Vending Machine God - John Hart
source: First Baptist Church - Hudson, NC
John Hart Releases The Book The Unwilling
source: Arroe Collins: Unplugged & Totally Uncut
source: Arroe Collins View From The Writing Instrument
Dr. Mike Hart and John Vallis
source: Hart2Heart with Dr. Mike Hart
John Hart interview - Episode 345
source: Reading And Writing Podcast
North Carolina Bookwatch | John Hart
source: North Carolina Bookwatch 2006-2007 | UNC-TV
John Hart 2/2/2021
source: Catalog of Interviews and Bits
Actor John Michael Higgins
source: Greg & The Morning Buzz
Meet the Actor: John Leguizamo
source: John Leguizamo: Meet the Actor
Actor John Carroll Lynch
source: Movie Addict Headquarters
John Leguizamo: Meet the Actor
source: Meet the Filmmaker: Interviews from 2010–2012
Interview with Actor JOHN ASHTON
source: Reel Talk with The Hollywood Kid Podcast

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Is there a way to put multiple receipts into one transaction?
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Yes. You can "stitch" multiple receipts together and upload them to Veryfi. Veryfi will then create a PDF document with all the images under one transaction.
Launch your Veryfi mobile app, scan your first receipt, then you will have the option to stitch more together (up to 5 total).
After you stitch the receipts together, tap "Submit" and everything will appear as one PDF.


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By Region /
2017 Esporao Reserva White (1x 75cl)
Awarded 92 points and Highly Recommended status by Decanter in their May 2019 "Weekday Wines" (see blue link below).
2017 Esporao Reserva White - May 2019 Decanter review
The Esporão project began in the Alentejo from an irrepressible desire to make the finest wines. This is the basis of everything they do. Part of the Alentejo's montado ecosystem (cork oak forests), in Portugal, Herdade do Esporão has extraordinary conditions for agriculture – large thermal amplitudes, poor and various soils and extraordinary biodiversity that helps them produce in balance with the environment. With 691.9 hectares of vineyards, olive groves and other crops, they grow using organic methods .
Please click the blue link below to see an excellent and informative tasting note / information sheet about this wine from the winemakers at Esporao.
Esporão Reserva White 2017 - fiche technique
Ailala Treixadura 2018 (1x75cl)
The grapes for this lively wine come from some of the best sites in the Avia Valley and were hand harvested in September. They then undergo a whole bunch cold soak for eight hours. They are then crushed and pressed and fermented for 14 days at controlled temperatures of 16C in stainless steel tanks. There is no malolactic fermentation.
Ailala Treixadura is pale gold in colour with lively reflections. There are clean, powerful aromatics on the nose with apricot, white flowers and a sort of saline, sea-shell undertone. Spices such as clove, mint and fennel are also present. The palate displays sweet lemon and ripe melon with plenty of zing and grapefruit peel. A wine of great complexity and style and with bags of character. Treixadura is truly a noble grape!
This delicate, noble white pairs excellently with all seafood; crab linguine, steamed razor clams, or pan-fried seabass.
Alois Lageder Am Sand Gewurztraminer 2017 (1x75cl)
The Alois Lageder winery in Alto Adige comprises fifty hectares of the family's own vineyards, which are managed on the basis of biodynamic principles. Their holistic approach is reflected in their wine-growing activities, their long-standing relationships with numerous grape growers and an ambition to create awareness for agriculture that is in tune with nature.
This Gewürztraminer is a product of several sites with sandy soils in the Bassa Atesina of Alto Adige. Although the sites in Termeno, Magrè and Lake Caldaro are very hot, the individual components are strengthened with the help of a staggered grape harvest. That gives the Gewürztraminer freshness, minerality, depth and finesse. When possible, a portion of the grapes is harvested with noble rot.
To see an excellent tasting note and information sheet for this wine, produced by the team at Alois Lageder, please click on the blue link below.
Alois Lageder Am Sand Gewurtztraminer 2017 - fiche technique
Alois Lageder Riff Pinot Grigio delle Venezie 2018 (1x 75cl)
This top value Pinot Grigio reflects the expertise of acclaimed winegrower Alois Lageder, and the wines he selected from vineyard sources in the "Tre Venezie" (Alto Adige, Trentino and Veneto) - acknowledged as one of Italy's prime regions for quality white wines.
A fourth generation winery owner and winemaker in Alto Adige, Alois Lageder's long-standing credibility with wine growers gives him access to some of the region's best Pinot Grigio wines for this special selection.
Alois Lageder carefully selects the wines on-site; they are sur lie-matured in stainless steel tanks, then blended and bottled at his Lšwengang winemaking facilities. Riff Pinot Grigio reflects the origin of its prime growing area in style and character, and demonstrates all the varietal's best characteristics: good structure and intensity on the palate, balanced with lively acidity.
Most vineyards in the region are located on the slopes of the foothills of the Dolomites, a part of the Alps that dictate the climate and bless the region with some of the most prized alluvial soils. These soils are composed of dolomite, a limestone made of fossil deposits of an ancient ocean that covered this region 4.6 million years ago. The name riff (German for reef), thus refers to the Dolomite's geologic origin.
The vineyard sources for most of this Pinot Grigio contain a substantial amount of dolomite limestone which has an obvious impact on the wine's character and style. It is because of the contribution that these fossils (limestone) make to the wine's character that they have been chosen to be incorporated into the label design as a reminder of its geological origin.
To see an informative information and tasting note and on this wine, please click on the blue link below.
Alois Lageder Riff Pinot Grigio 2018 - fiche technique
Alter Ribeiro Blanco 2018 (1x 75cl)
The 2016 vintage was awarded 90 points and Highly Recommended status by Decanter (www.decanter.com) in their March 2018 edition review of Galician Whites; (see blue link below).
Alter Ribeiro Blanco 2016 - March 2018 Decanter review
Alter came highly recommended by Lalo Antón of Izadi. He had admired this small, family-run winery since their first vintage a couple of years ago marked them out as one of the most serious producers in the region. The winery was founded by José Pérez Pousa on the banks of the Miño river in 2014, with the wish to preserve the tradition of their native land, where wine has been produced since the 2nd century BCE. The wine is named 'alter' to mean 'another wine more' in Latin.
Alter has 24 hectares of its own vineyards, which are divided into 168 small plots planted with native white varieties: Treixadura, Godello and Loureira. The vines are on average 15-30 years old, planted on decomposed granite with sand and clay. The vineyards benefit from a perfect mesoclimate with good diurnal ranges particularly during the growing season ensuring the fruit is able to fully ripen while retaining fresh acidity. All harvesting is done by hand, plot by plot at the perfect moment to ensure optimum level of ripeness which elongates their harvest.
Each vineyard plot and variety were fermented separately in temperature-controlled stainless steel tanks, the cool ferment retaining the aromatic intensity of the grapes. Following fermentation, the wine was aged on lees for three to four months to add depth before the final blend was assembled. The 2018 is made up of 80% Treixadura, 10% Godello and 10% Loureira.
This wine has a bright straw colour with elegant aromas of white flowers, green apple and grapefruit on the nose. The palate is lively with brisk acidity and flavours of white peach dominating. This is a remarkably balanced and well structured wine with a long finish.
Amalaya Blanco de Corte Torrontes / Riesling 2017 (1x75cl)
The previous 2016 vintage was awarded 95 points and a Platinum Best In Show at the Decanter World Wine Awards (www.decanter.com): see their August 2017 DWWA supplement (see blue link below).
Amalaya Torrontes-Riesling 2016 - August 2017 Decanter review
Amalaya translates to 'hope for a miracle' in the indigenous language of the now extinct tribe, the Calchaquí. The winery is situated in Cafayate, Calchaquí Valley in Salta in the far north of Argentina at nearly 1,828 metres above sea level. It is a part of the Hess Family Estates and is run with the same dedication to quality, sustainability and social responsibility as the other Hess Estates. All of the Amalaya wines are fruit driven in style, with a finesse that unites them. These wines offer incredible value for their quality and truly reflect their 'sense of place'.
The Torrontes and Riesling grapes were grown on the Finca San Isidoro vineyards. These are located in the Cafayate Valley in the very heart of the Calchaqui Valley, distinguished for being the highest wine region in the world. The climate here is very dry, with just 150mm of rain in an average year and a huge thermal amplitude of around 20°C. The soils here are rocky, poor and sandy so the roots of the vines are forced to dig deep to find the vital nutrients and water they need, which in turn results in a huge concentration of flavour within the fruit.
Overall, the Calchaquí Valley enjoyed optimal conditions in 2017, with perfect balance between quality and quantity. The weather during the growing season was excellent, with no spring frost, allowing good fruit set and resulting in healthy grapes.
The grapes went through a double selection process, firstly in the vineyard and then again on the sorting table at the winery. The grapes underwent cold maceration for four days, followed by a slow fermentation using selected yeasts, at low temperatures to retain the varietal fruit character. 80% of the wine was aged in stainless steel tanks with 20% aged in French oak for 10 months.
This wine is made using Torrontes 85%, Riesling 15%.
Intense gold in colour, this wine has pronounced aromas of grapefruit and lemon peel. Delicate and silky on the palate with great freshness and crisp acidity on the distinctly mineral finish.
The 2016 vintage was awarded 95 points and a Platinum Best In Show at the Decanter World Wine Awards (www.decanter.com): see their August 2017 DWWA supplement (see blue link below).
85% Torrontes, 15% Riesling.
Ancilla Lugana, Lugana 2016 (1x 75cl)
Awarded 92 points and Highly Recommended status by Decanter (www.decanter.com) in their April 2019 edition article Weekday Wines (see blue link below).
Ancilla Lugana, Lugana 2016 - April 2019 Decanter review
Ancilla Lugana is located on the shores of Lake Garda in North East Italy. The estate comprises two vineyards: La Ghidina, located in Lugana di Sirmoine, the heart of the production area of some of the most elegant whites in Italy; and Cadellora, situated in Villafranca di Verona. Run by Luisella Benedetti, the third generation of women to run this estate, who inherited the farm from her mother, who inherited in turn from her mother, named Ancilla. Ancilla was an extraordinary, energetic woman, who worked the fields and got up at 3am every day make her wine producing dream come true. Following in the footsteps of her grandmother, Luisella gave up her career in finance and took over the family business in the early 2000s. The lifelong commitment of her grandmother and mother is a passion now shared by Luisella, which is clear to see in this exciting and pure collection of Lugana wines.
The grape variety Turbiana is also known as the Trebbiano di Lugana, but not to be confused with the Trebbiano found elsewhere in Italy. Research indicates that it is more likely to have a genetic similarity to Verdicchio and is one of the few native grapes capable of ageing. The 15 year old vines are grown in vineyards in the Ghidina zone of Lugana. Trained on a vertical trellising system, the vines yield seven tonnes per hectare. The unique terroir here is made up of lime, clay and limestone soils.
100% Turbiana.
A proportion of the grapes were destemmed and pressed after some contact with the skins, while the remaining grapes were pressed as whole bunches. Fermentation took place slowly at low temperatures in stainless steel vats, in order to preserve the aromatics of the Turbiana variety. 10% of the must was fermented in oak barriques, with ageing on the lees for 15 months, adding complexity to the final blend. The wine was bottle aged for seven months prior to release.
A delicately floral bouquet with ripe yellow fruits leads to a rich and balanced palate of exotic fresh fruits. Well structured with a vibrant depth of flavour, this is an easy drinking style. A complex and creamy palate with spice, pineapple and green apple flavours and finishing on a long, tingling note.
A great aperitivo which also accompanies antipasti, fresh seafood dishes and pasta with seafood sauces.
Antinori - Bramito Della Sala Chardonnay 2017 (1x75cl)
Castello della Sala (where the grapes for Bramito are grown) is located in Umbria at approximately ten miles (18 kilometers) from the city of Orvieto. The soil, rich in clay on the whole, the vineyards with a fine eastern exposure, a climate characterized by cold – but not to excess – winters and warm summers in which fog plays a role in the ripening of the grapes: all these factors make Castello della Sala a spot with a very high potential for the production of fine white wine. Bramìto is produced from the grapes of the vineyards of the centuries-old Castello della Sala, located just a few miles from the city of Orvieto. A variety, Chardonnay, which finds, in this particular territory, soils which derive from fossil sediments intermingled with strata of clay and which endow the wines with much mineral character and much elegance as well. The first vintage of production for Bramìto was 1994.
This wine is 100% Chardonnay.
To see an excellent 2 page information sheet and tasting note for this wine that has been produced by the team at Antinori, please click on the blue link below.
Antinori Bramito Della Sala Chardonnay 2017 - fiche technique
Antinori - Castello Della Sala Cervaro Della Sala 2016 (1x75cl)
The Cervaro name derives from the noble family which owned Castello della Sala during the 15th century, the Monaldeschi della Cervara. The Antinori family purchased the estate in 1940. The first vintage of Cervaro della Sala to be produced was the 1985, marketed in 1987.
The 2016 vintage was characterized by a winter with frequent rainfall and by repeated and significant drops in temperature; the spring which followed was not particularly mild in its weather as well. The frequent but not particularly abundant rains between late April and mid-June, despite the important lowering of temperatures during the first ten days of May, favored the early and vigorous growth of the Chardonnay and Grechetto vine vegetation. This slightly precocious beginning of the vineyard's cycle of growth gradually came back into balance during the month of July. A warm summer with positive temperature swings from daytime heat to evening and nighttime coolness assisted in the development of the aromatic components of the two grape varieties. The picking of the Chardonnay began during the last ten days of August and was followed by the Grechetto harvest, as usual two weeks later in time and which terminated in mid-September.
The grapes were picked during the earliest hours of the morning in order to assure that the grapes which reached the cellars were entirely whole and healthy, not stressed by high daytime temperatures. The attention given to the crop continues in the cellar thanks to the special design of the structure, conceived to take advantage of the force of gravity, avoiding mechanical intervention on the grapes and the must. After a brief four hour period of skin contact at 50° Fahrenheit (10° centigrade) the must went into stainless steel tanks before going into oak barrels. Both the primary and the malolactic fermentation took place in barrel. After approximately three months the Chardonnay went back into the stainless steel tanks to be blended with Grechetto (which had been fermented separately in stainless steel). After bottling, the wine was aged in bottle for several months in the historic cellars of the Castello della Sala before commercial release.
The wine, a light straw yellow with brief greenish highlights, expresses rich, complex, and intense aromas. The notes of citrus fruit, pears, and acacia flowers are in perfect balance with the sweet and spicy notes of vanilla. The palate is supple but vibrant, elegant and well structured, characterized by the classic mineral sensations and by the light notes of hazelnut butter.
Antinori - Santa Cristina Casasole Orvieto Classico Amabile 2017 (1x75cl)
The first vintage of Santa Cristina was produced by Marquis Niccolò Antinori, father of Piero Antinori, in 1946. Over time, Santa Cristina has become a reference point for winemaking experts due to their commitment to achieving quality. The diligent care taken in the vineyard and meticulous cellar management have always been their incentive to continue with innovation and research. The resulting family of wines are original yet highly distinguishable for their unmistakable artisanal style, proof of the enduring connection between vineyards, terroir and man's dedication to the land.
Casasole is an expression of Orvieto's classic winemaking traditions; wines from this papal city were sent to ecclesiastical dignitaries and noblemen in Rome. It differs from Orvieto Classico Campogrande due to its residual sugars, light and natural to make it slightly sweet on the palate.
The 2017 vintage was characterized by a winter and spring which were, on the whole, both dry and marked by important, though little frequent, drops in temperature. These climatic conditions favoured a regular bud burst during the month of March. The absence of rainfall and the above average temperatures, which distinguished the period from the month of June up through the first ten days of August, accelerated the ripening of the grapes. The positive temperature swings from daytime heat to evening and nighttime coolness created by late August rains guaranteed the development of the aromatic component of the typical varieties of the Orvieto appellation.
The Procanico and Grechetto grapes were destemmed and given a soft and delicate pressing. The must which was obtained was chilled to approximately 50° Fahrenheit (10° centigrade) to favor a natural static settling of the impurities and then went into stainless steel tanks, where it fermented at temperatures held to a maximum of 64° Fahrenheit (18° centigrade). The fermentation was successively blocked by a sudden drop in temperature (to the freezing point) to preserve the natural sugars in the wine. The wine and its residual sugars were held at a low temperature up until the wine was bottled.
The 2017 Casasole is a straw yellow colour. The nose is intense and is characterized by the typical aromas of the native Procanico and Grechetto grape varieties and their notes of white fruit, Golden Delicious apples, bananas, and their hints of orange zest. The palate is lightly sweet with an excellent freshness.
Antonio Caggiano Fiano di Avellino DOCG Bechar 2018 (1x75cl)
The Caggiano winery is based in the town of Taurasi, the heartland of Aglianico, which is the main focus of their production. Antonio Caggiano, the founder of the winery, designed one of the wineries himself - the most spectacular of its time in Campania. Today, thousands of bottles are laid down in its galleries - which are made of the local "tufo" stone.
The vineyards are planted in areas where the DOCG, Fiano di Avellino and Comune di Lapio are traditionally produced, at an altitude of 400m above sea level. The harvesting period is in mid October.
The wine is fermented in temperature controlled stainless steel vats before being aged for 3 months in bottle prior to release.
This Fiano has an intense gold colour. On the nose this wine presents aromas of apple, pears and banana. On the palate it has a full bodied rich and persistant flavours of tropical fruit and a refreshing acidity.
Ata Rangi Craighall Chardonnay 2017 (1x 75cl)
Ata Rangi is owned and run by Clive Paton and his wife Phyll, together with Clive's sister Alison and winemaker Helen Masters. Clive planted the bare, stony five hectare home paddock at the edge of Martinborough in 1980 and, in doing so, was one of a handful of people who pioneered grape growing in the area. Renowned for their Pinot Noir, which is consistently ranked as one of New Zealand's best, Ata Rangi also produces a range of white wines including Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc.
The Ata Rangi vineyards are situated in Wairarapa, just north of Wellington. Craighall is located directly opposite the main Ata Rangi home block. The 30-year-old Mendoza clone of Chardonnay vines, with their characteristic 'hen and chicken' fruit set, are always low yielding. Soils here comprise a thin layer of well-drained alluvial soil deposited on what was the original course of the river as it flowed east to the Pacific Ocean.
Hand-picked fruit was whole bunch pressed in a Willmes membrane press. Unsettled juice was fully barrel-fermented in Burgundy barriques, of which 25% was new oak, using indigenous yeasts. Fermentation took place between 15-20°C. The lees were stirred during this time in all barrels and partial malolactic fermentation occurred. The wine was aged in barrel on the lees for 12 months before bottling.
See blue link below for the excellent, fiche technique/technical note from the winemakers at Ata Rangi.
Ata Rangi Craighall Chardonnay 2017 - fiche technique
100% Chardonnay.
A very alluring, restrained nose of citrus, white-flesh nectarine and citrus blossom leads onto a tight, fine palate with a subtly chalky texture. With no one, single flavour dominating, this is an intriguing, very complex and very complete Chardonnay with fabulous flow and persistence. Fully barrel fermented with 'wild' indigenous yeasts, this exceptional release has excellent cellaring potential.
Ata Rangi Lismore Pinot Gris 2017 (1x 75cl)
** NOTE - STILL AVAILABLE BUT VERY LIMITED STOCK LEFT IN UK - PLEASE CALL BEFORE ORDERING TO AVOID DISAPPOINTMENT **
Awarded 94 points and Highly Recommended status by Decanter (www.decanter.com) in their January 2019 edition article: The Most Exciting Wines of 2018 (see blue link below).
Ata Rangi Lismore Pinot Gris 2017 - January 2019 Decanter review
Awarded 95 points and Outstanding status by Decanter (www.decanter.com) in their September 2018 edition panel tasting of "Alternative" New Zealand Whites (not Sauvignon Blanc or Chardonnay) (see blue link below)...
Ata Rangi Lismore Pinot Gris 2017 - Sept 2018 Decanter review
The Pinot Gris grapes come from the Lismore Vineyard at the edge of the Martinborough Terrace and achieve their optimum flavour profile towards the end of the growing season. As a result, the team harvests this varietal fairly late to obtain a wine closer to the richer style of Pinot Gris produced in Alsace, rather than the leaner, bone-dry style of Pinot Grigio common in much of northern Italy. The vines were planted in 1996.
The 2017 growing season was uniquely cool, leading to small bunches and low yields. Luckily, this cool weather reduced disease pressure so fruit remained healthy right up until harvest.
Fruit was hand picked and whole bunch pressed in a Willmes membrane press. The resulting juice was then cold settled, inoculated with yeast and fermented in temperature-controlled stainless steel tanks at temperatures of 14-18°C. 20% of the wine was fermented in three year old 500 litre oak puncheons to give extra weight and complexity to the final blend. In both cases, the wine was left on lees for several months. No malolactic fermentation was allowed to take place to retain a crisp, balancing acidity.
Up-front aromas in this Pinot Gris are reminiscent of fresh cut pear, custard, pecans and lychees. The palate is creamy, with flavours of fresh walnut and a hint of smoke. On the long finish, the wine shows complexity and will develop with bottle age.


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Human Resources (HR) Administrator
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Transhumant
Title: Transhumant
Not to be confused with Transhumanism.
This article is about seasonal movement of people and livestock with fixed summer and winter stations. For movement of people and livestock in an irregular pattern, see nomadic pastoralism.
Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. In montane regions (vertical transhumance) it implies movement between higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter. Herders have a permanent home, typically in valleys. Only the herds travel, with the people necessary to tend them. In contrast, horizontal transhumance is more susceptible to being disrupted by climatic, economic or political change.[1]
Traditional or fixed transhumance occurs or has occurred throughout the inhabited world, particularly Europe and Southwest Asia. It is often of high importance to pastoralist societies, the dairy products of transhumance flocks and herds (milk, butter, yogurt and cheese) often forming much of the diet of such populations. In many languages there are words for the higher summer pastures and frequently these are found as placenames: e.g. Hafod in Wales.
The term "transhumance" is also occasionally used in correlation with nomadic pastoralism – migration of people and livestock over longer distances.
2 Worldwide transhumance patterns
2.1.1 The Alps
2.1.2 The Balkans
2.1.3.1 Wales
2.1.3.2 Scotland
2.1.3.3 England
2.1.4 Ireland
2.1.5 The Iberian Peninsula
2.1.6 The Pyrenees
2.1.7 Scandinavia
2.1.8 Caucasus and northern Anatolia
2.2.1 Kyrgyzstan
2.2.2 Lebanon
2.2.3 Iran
2.2.3.1 The Qashqai – the story of a Turkic tribe of southern Iran
2.4 Africa
2.4.1 North and northeast Africa
2.4.2 Sub-Saharan Africa
2.4.2.1 Lesotho
2.4.2.2 South Africa
2.5 The Americas
The term derives from the Latin trans 'across' and humus 'ground'.
Worldwide transhumance patterns
Transhumance developed on every inhabited continent. Although there are substantial cultural and technological variations, underlying practices for taking advantage of remote seasonal pastures are similar.
Main article: Transhumance in the Alps
The traditional economy of the Alps was based on rearing cattle. Seasonal migration between valley and high pastures was critical in feeding an increased number of cattle and supporting a higher human population. That practice has shaped a lot of landscape in the Alps, as without it, most areas below 2000 m would be forests.
While tourism and industry contribute today much to Alpine economy, seasonal migration to high pastures is still practised in Bavaria, Austria and the Swiss Alps, except in their most frequented tourist centers. In some places, cattle are taken care of by local farmer families who move to higher places. In others, this job is for herdsmen employed by the cooperative owning the pastures.
Austria has over 12 000 sites where 70 000 farmers take care of about 500 000 cattle. Alpine pastures amount to a quarter of the farmland.
Bavaria has about 1400 sites hosting 50 000 cattle, about half of them in Upper Bavaria and the other half in the Allgäu.
In Switzerland, about 380 000 cattle including 130 000 cows as well as 200 000 sheep are in summer on high pastures. Milk from cows here is usually made into local cheese specialities, handmade using traditional methods and tools. Alpine pastures amount to 35% of Swiss farmland. Transhumance contributes much to traditional Swiss culture, for example yodeling, alphorn and Schwingen (wrestling) are closely connected to Alpine pastures.
In the Balkans, the Sarakatsani, Aromanians and Yörüks traditionally spent summer months in the mountains and returned to lower plains in the winter. Until the mid-20th century, borders between Greece, Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia were relatively unobstructed. In summer, some groups went as far north as the Balkan mountains while winter they would spend in warmer plains in vicinity of the Aegean sea. The Morlachs were a population of Vlach shepherds who lived in the Dinaric Alps (western Balkans in modern use), constantly migrating in search for better pastures for their sheep flocks. But as national states appeared in a former domain of the Ottoman Empire, new state borders came to separate summer and winter habitats of many of the pastoral groups.
In most parts of Wales, farm workers and sometimes the farmer would spend the summer months at a hillside summer house or hafod (pronounced [ˈhavɔd]) where the livestock would graze. Then during the late autumn they would return down to the valleys with the farm workers staying at the main residence or hendref ([ˈheːndrɛv]).[2]
This system of transhumance has not been practised for almost a century although it did continue in Snowdonia after it died out elsewhere in Wales and remnants of the practice can still be found in rural farming communities in the region to this day.[3] Both "Hafod" and "Hendre" commonly survive in Wales as place names and house names. Today, cattle and sheep on many hill farms are still often transported to lowland winter pastures, but now by truck.
In many hilly and mountainous areas of Scotland agricultural workers spent summer months in bothies[4] or shielings (airigh in Scottish Gaelic). Examples of major drovers' roads in the eastern part of Scotland include the Cairnamounth, Elsick Mounth and Causey Mounth. This practice has largely died out, but was practised within living memory in the Hebridean Islands and in the Scottish Highlands. Today much transhumance is carried out by truck, with upland flocks being sent under agistment to lower-lying pasture during winter.
In southern England, where the climate is mild and the hills low, transhumance historically took the opposite form to that in Switzerland. Cattle grazed on dry, sandy heath on the hills in winter and rich, low-lying flood-meadows in summer once flood-water receded. The Weald, as another example, was utilised for the grazing of pigs; this type was known as pannage. While this form of pastoralism sees little use today, it has left its mark on English toponymy, as attested by nearby paired placenames such as Winterfold Heath and Somersbury Wood.[5]
Transhumance may also have been practised by the Picts.
In Ireland transhumance is known as booleying.[6] Transhumance pastures were known as Booley, Boley, Bouley, Buaile and Boola and these names survive in many placenames, for example Buaile h'Anraoi in Kilcommon parish, Erris, North Mayo where the landscape still clearly shows the layout of the rundale system of agriculture. The practice of booleying was widespread in the west of Ireland up until around the time of the Second World War, when seasonal migration to Scotland and England superseded this ancient system together with more permanent emigration to the USA. Booleying alleviated pressure on the growing crops and provided fresh pasture for livestock.
The average holding on the small farms of County Mayo was only five acres, insufficient to maintain a family for more than part of the year. Booleying was the movement of livestock, usually cattle, from a permanent lowland village to summer pastures in the mountains. The practice would have dated back to the Early Medieval Period or even older. Booleying is mentioned in the Brehon Laws. Booleying is generally associated with the rundale system of agriculture where unenclosed arable fields necessitated the removal of livestock to the mountains so that the crops could grow undisturbed.
The Iberian Peninsula
There is an ancient tradition in the peninsula of raising livestock in open fields, as evidenced by classical Roman references and archaeological remains such as the Bulls of Guisando. (Free range horse and cattle herding would later be brought to the Americas and would especialize as gaucho and cowboy practices altogether with a rich social culture of their own with stockbreeding mainly for meat and leather rather than milk, though this may not be totally unexploited).
The exploitation of large herds of pigs and sheep in transhumant style was established by the early Middle Ages, if not earlier, as evidenced by highly-regulated laws in documents of the Mesta. It may have a longer history based in classical methods developed through an earlier politically and legally unified peninsula during the lower Roman Empire: some Visigothic records indicate continuity. Drovers' roads continue to exist, including a well-known one through Madrid.[7] Some bee-keepers work in transhumant style in Spain.
In some high valleys of the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian Mountains, transhumant herding has been the basic or only support of the economy. Regulated passes and pasturage have been especialized between different valleys and communities, due to the seasonal range of exploitation and communities jurisdictions. Unique social groups are associated with the transhumant lifestyle, and are sometimes identified as a remnant of an older ethnic culture now left in isolated minorities such as the "Pasiegos" in Cantabria, "Agotes" in Navarre, "Vaqueiros de alzada" in Asturias.
Transhumance in the Pyrenees involves relocation of livestock (cows, sheep, horses) to high mountains for summer months, because farms in the lowland are too small to support a larger herd all year round. Their mountain period starts in late May and early June, and ends in early October. Until the 1970s transhumance concerned mainly dairy cows, and cheese-making was important activity. In some regions up until this century, nearly all members of a family decamped to higher mountains with their cows, living in rudimentary stone cabins. That system, which evolved during the Middle Ages, lasted into the 20th century, but broke down under pressure from industrialization with concomitant depopulation of countryside.
The Mont Perdu region of the Pyrenees is a UNESCO World Heritage Site by virtue of its association with a transhumance system of agriculture.[8]
In Scandinavia, transhumance is still practised, although arrival of motorized vehicles has changed its character. The transhumance by Sami (reindeer) differs from the transhumance described here.
Common mountain or forest pasture used for transhumance in summer is called seter or bod / bua. The same term is used for a mountain cabin which was used as a summer residence. In summer (usually late June), livestock is moved to a mountain farm, often quite distant from a home farm, preserving meadows in valleys for use as hay. Livestock were typically tended for summer by girls and younger women, who milked and made cheese. Bulls usually remain at the home farm. As autumn approaches and grazing is in short supply, livestock are returned to a home farm.
In Sweden, this system was predominantly used in Värmland, Dalarna, Härjedalen, Jämtland, Hälsingland, Medelpad and Ångermanland.
It was common to most regions in Norway due to its highly mountainous nature. "The Gudbrandsdal area includes lateral valleys such as Gausdal, Heidal, Vinstradal, and Ottadal. That area comprises lowland parishes 200 m above sea-level and mountain parishes 800 m above sea-level, fertile soil in the main valley and barren summits in Rondane and Dovrefjell. Forests surround those farms, but higher up, woods give way to a treeless mountain plateau. This is the seterfjell, or summer farm region, once of vital importance both as summer pastureland and for haymaking."[9]
While previously many farms had their own seter, today it is more usual for several farmers to share a modernized common seter (fellesseter). Most of those old seters have been left to decay or are used as cabins.
The name for the common mountain pasture in most Scandinavian languages derives from the old Norse term setr. In (Norwegian) the term is sæter or seter, in (Swedish) säter. The place name appears in Sweden in several forms Säter and Sätra and as a suffix: -säter, -sätra, -sätt and -sättra. Those names appear extensively over Sweden with a centre in the Mälaren basin and in Östergötland. The surname "Satter" is derived from these words.
In the heartland of the Swedish transhumance region the most used term is bod or bua (the word still existing in English as booth), nowadays standarized to fäbod.
Caucasus and northern Anatolia
In the heavily forrested Caucasus and Pontic mountain ranges various peoples still practice transhumance in varying degrees. Wind from the Black Sea brings moist air up the steep valleys and creates fertile grasslands up to 2,5 kilomters and a rich tundra at heigts of up to 3,5 kilometres during a relatively short summer. Villages are divided in two, three or even four distinct settlements (one for each season) at diffrent hights of a mountain slope. Much of this rural life came to an end during the first half of the 20th century, as the Soviet and Kemalist governments tried to create a diffrent society, based on (mostly urban) development, instead of maintaining traditions. Migration from the Pontic mountains to cities in Turkey and western Europe and from the northern Caucasus to Moscow in the second half of the 20th century decreased the number of people living in transhumance drastically. However, there are still at least tens of thousands of people living in this way, on the northern and southwestern slopes of the Caucasus, in the lesser Caucasus in Armenia, and in the Turkish Black Sea region.
The migrational pattern from the transhumance existance has also persisted within migrated communities, for example the Pontic Greeks visiting the area and the monastery Sumela, and Turks from Europe building a summer retreat on the yayla grazingland.
Transhumance practices are found in temperate areas, above ~1000 m in the Himalaya–Hindu Kush area (referred to below as Himalaya); and the cold semi-arid zone north of the Himalaya, through the Tibetan Plateau and northern China to the Eurasian Steppe.
Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Pakistan all have vestigial transhumance cultures. For regions of the Himalaya transhumance still provides mainstay for several near-subsistence economies — for example, that of Zanskar in northwest India, Van Gujjars in Western Himalayas, and Kham Magar in western Nepal, although in some cases distances may be great enough to qualify as nomadic pastoralism.
Another example of this way of life is the Bakhtiari tribe of Iran. All along the Zagros mountain range from Azerbaijan to the Arabian Sea, pastoral tribes move back and forth with their herds every year between their home in the valley and one in the foothills."[10]
In Kyrgyzstan, transhumance practices, which never died out during the Soviet period, have undergone a resurgence in the difficult economic times following independence in 1991. Transhumance is integral to Kyrgyz national culture. Felt tents used on these summer pastures (or jailoo) is known as the yurt and its main structural component is symbolised on their national flag. Those shepherds prize fermented mare's milk drink kumis; a tool used in its production lends its name to the country's capital city, Bishkek.
Examples of fixed transhumance are found in the North Governorate of Lebanon. Towns and villages located in the Qadisha valley are at an average altitude of 1,400 meters. Some settlements, like Ehden and Kfarsghab, are used during summer periods from beginning of June till mid-October. Inhabitants move in October to coastal towns situated at an average of 200 meters above sea level. The transhumance is motivated by agricultural activities (historically by the mulberry silkworm culture). The main crops in the coastal towns are olive, grape and citrus. For the mountain towns, the crops are summer fruits, mainly apples and pears. Other examples of transhumance exist in Lebanon.
The Qashqai – the story of a Turkic tribe of southern Iran
This section contains too-lengthy quotations for an encyclopedic entry. Please help improve the article by editing it to take facts from excessively quoted material and rewrite them as sourced original prose. Consider transferring direct quotations to . (April 2013)
"To survive, nomads have always been obliged to fight. They lead a wandering life and do not accumulate documents and archives.
But in the evenings, around fires that are burning low, the elders will relate striking events, deeds of valour in which the tribes pride themselves. Thus the epic tale is told from father to son, down through the ages.
The tribes of Central Asia were forced by wars, strife, upheavals, to abandon their steppes and seek new pasture grounds. . . so the Huns, the Visigoths, and before them the Aryans, had invaded India, Iran, Europe. The Turks, forsaking the regions where they had dwelt for centuries, started moving down through the Turan and Caspian depressions, establishing themselves eventually on the frontiers of the Iranian Empire and in Asia Minor. We are of Turkish language and race; some say that we are descendants of the Turkish Ghuzz Tribe (Oğuz Turks), known for its cruelty and fierceness, and that our name is derived from the Turkish "Kashka" meaning "a horse with a white star on its forehead". Others think this name indicates that we came from Kashgar in the wake of Hulagu. Others still that it means "fugitive".
Though these versions differ, we believe that the arrival of our Tribes in Iran coincided with the conquests of Jengis Khan, in the thirteenth century. Soon after, our ancestors established themselves on the slopes of the Caucasus. We are descendants of the "Tribe of the Ak Koyunlu" the "Tribe of the White Sheep" famed for being the only tribe in history capable of inflicting a defeat on Tamerlane. For centuries we dwelt on the lands surrounding Ardebil, but, in the first half of the sixteenth century we settled in southern Persia, Shah Ismail having asked our warriors to defend this part of the country against the intrusions of the Portuguese. Thus, our Tribes came to the Province of Fars, near the Persian Gulf, and are still only separated from it by a ridge of mountains, the Makran.
The yearly migrations of the Kashkai, seeking fresh pastures, drive them from the south to the north, where they move to their summer quarters "Yeilak" in the high mountains; and from the north to the south, to their winter quarters, "Qishlaq". In summer, the Kashkai flocks graze on the slopes of the Kuh-è-Dinar; a group of mountains from 12,000 to 15,000 feet, that are part of the Zagros chain.
In autumn the Kashkai break camp, and by stages leave the highlands. They winter in the warmer regions near Firuzabad, Kazerun, Jerrè, Farashband, on the banks of the river Mound, till, in April, they start once more on their yearly trek. The migration is organised and controlled by the Kashkai Chief. The Tribes carefully avoid villages and towns such as Shiraz and Isfahan, lest their flocks, estimated at seven million head, might cause serious damage. The annual migration is the largest of any Persian tribe.
It is difficult to give exact statistics, but we believe that the Tribes now number 400,000 men, women and children."
— Told to Marie-Tèrése Ullens de Schooten by the 'Il Begh' Malek Mansur, brother of the 'Il Khan', Nasser Khan, chief of the Kashkai Tribes, in 1953.[11]
In Australia, which has a large station (i.e., ranch) culture, stockmen provide the labor to move the herds to seasonal pastures.
Transhumant grazing is an important aspect of the cultural heritage of the Australian Alps, an area of which has been included on the Australian National Heritage List. It started in this region in the 1830s when the alpine plains were used to graze stock during the summer months when pasture lower down was poor. The practice continued during the 19th and 20th centuries and made a considerable contribution to Australia's pastoral industry. Transhumant grazing created a distinctive way of life that is an important part of Australia's pioneering history and culture. There are features in the area that are reminders of transhumant grazing including abandoned stockman's huts, stock yards and stock routes.[12]
North and northeast Africa
The Berber people of North Africa were traditionally farmers, living in mountains relatively close to the Mediterranean coast, or oasis dwellers. However, the Tuareg and Zenaga of the southern Sahara practice nomadic transhumance, whereas some groups, such as the Chaouis, practiced fixed transhumance. The Somalis and the Afars of Northeast Africa likewise traditionally practice nomadic transhumance.
Maasai are semi-nomadic people located primarily in Kenya and northern Tanzania who have pastoral transhumance cultures that revolve around their cattle. That dependence was historically very strong, with even huts of the Maasai built from dried cattle dung. In Southern Angola, several peoples – chiefly the Ovambo and part of the Nyaneka-Khumbi – are entirely organized around the practice of transhumance.[13]
Traditional economy of the Basotho in Lesotho is based on rearing cattle. Seasonal migration between valley and high plateaus of the Maloti (basalt mountains of Lesotho) is critical in feeding an increased number of cattle and supporting a higher human population. Pressure on pasture land has increased due to construction of large storage dams in these mountains to provide water to South Africa's arid industrial heartland.
While tourism is starting to contribute to the economy of Lesotho, and more people are moving permanently into Highlands there, seasonal migration still augments this trend. Seasonal migration is part of the job of herdsmen who are employees of farmers who own herds in Lesotho. Growing pressure on pastures is contributing to degradation of sensitive grasslands and could contribute to sedimentation in man-made lakes.
In South Africa the transhumance lifestyle of the Nama clan of the Khoikhoi continues in the Richtersveld, a montane-desert located close to the Atlantic coast in the north-western corner of the country. In this area people move seasonally (three or four times per annum) with their herds of sheep and goats. Transhumance is based on small family units which utilise the same camps each year. A portable, untentioned dome 'tent' called a 'Matjieshut' (Afrikaans for 'mat house') or '|Haru Oms' (meaning 'rush house' in Nama) is a feature of Khoikhoi culture and is characteristic of camps in the Richtersveld. It consists of a frame traditionally covered with rush mats, but nowadays a variety of materials are used. In recognition of its importance to global culture the Richtersveld has been inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[14]
Transhumance, in most cases relying on use of public land, continues to be an important ranching practice in the western United States.[15] The American tradition is based on moving herds to higher ground with the greening of highland pastures in spring and summer, and these uplands are often under the jurisdiction of the United States Forest Service. In the winter, herds use lowland steppe or desert, also often government land under the jurisdiction of the BLM. In California and Texas, a greater proportion of the range is private land. The general pattern is that in summer, ranch families, hired shepherds, or hired cowboys travel to the mountains and stay in a line camp during the summer, or visit the upland ranch regularly using trailers to transport horses to the high country.[15] Traditionally, in the American west shepherds spent most of the year with a herd, searching for the best forage in each season, an activity that peaked in the late nineteenth century. Today, cattle and sheep herds have at least a home base on private land, though this is often a small part of their range. There is a long tradition of Basque shepherds being imported into the U.S. to herd sheep on the public domain.[16] That role has now been supplanted by Peruvian, Chilean, and Mongolian workers. Shepherds take sheep herds into the mountains in the summer and out on the desert in the winter, at times using crop stubble and pasture on private land when it is available. The motion picture Brokeback Mountain portrays this lifestyle in the first act of the story, in which the shepherds take their sheep into BLM lands. There are a number of different forms of transhumance in the United States:
The Navajo people began practicing transhumance in the 1850s, as they were forced out of their traditional homeland in the San Juan River valley.[17]
In the southern Appalachians, livestock, especially sheep, were often pastured on grassy bald mountain tops where wild oats predominate. There is some speculation that these balds are remnants of ancient bison grazing lands (possibly maintained to some extent by early Amerindians). In the absence of transhumance, these balds have been receding in recent decades and may require some form of transhumance to conserve these unique ecosystems.
In California, the home ranch tends to have more private land, largely because of the legacy of the Spanish land grant system. For this reason extensive acreages of Mediterranean oak woodlands and grasslands are stewarded by ranches whose economy depends on summer range on government land under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service.[18]
South American transhumance partially relies on "cowboy" counterparts, the gaucho of Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and (with the spelling "gaúcho") southern Brazil, the llanero of Venezuela, the huaso of Chile.
Transhumance is currently practiced at least in Argentina, Chile, Peru and Bolivia,[19] as well as in the Brazilian Pantanal.[20] It mainly involves movement of cattle in the Pantanal and in parts of Argentina, while camelids are rather used at the Altiplano. Goats constitute a big chunk of the transhumance that takes place in North Neuquén and South Mendoza, while sheep are more used in the Patagonian plains. Criollos as well as indigenous people are involved in transhumant practices in South America.
Cowhand
Droving
Yaylak
Kuchis
Sarakatsani
Seasonal human migration
Commons has media related to Transhumance.
Look up transhumance in , the free dictionary.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Discussion on Asia
U.S. Department of Agriculture Discussion on Africa
Transhumance and 'The Waiting Zone' in North Africa
Limited traditional transhumance in Australia
Pastoralism
Short mention of transhumance in North America
Swiss land registry of alpine pastures (German)
La transhumancia in Madrid Spain
Interview with Lionel Martorell, one of the last transhumant pastors in Eastern Spain
an:Transuanzia fa:رمه‌گردانی ro:Transhumanţă


Who Can Apply: The Pat Marr Vocational Scholarship was designed to help aspiring young (and young at heart) adults pursue their passion in a vocation – anything from becoming a chef to court stenographer to welder. Mrs. Marr's vision for this scholarship sprung from her desire to help worthy individuals attain the education needed to find success and happiness in any of a vast number of careers that require specialized vocational training.
Education: High School Degree; proof of degree required.
Preference given to students from and around Sedona, Arizona.
G.P.A.: Minimum of 2.5 on 4.0 scale (or equivalent of a C average); a combination of GPA, community involvement and essay will be considered.
Vocational School: Any certified program (excluding 4 year colleges or universities).
Submission: Proof of program certification, description of the course of study, pending enrollment and annual (or program) costs must be supplied with application.


Anna Mae's is bringing the taste of America to the streets of London! While a staple of American childhood, many Brits have never had the delicious, creamy, gooey, melty goodness of a proper mac & cheese. Anna Mae's creates some amazing concoctions with innovative and fresh ingredients.


Smederevo Fortress is part of the Tentative list of Serbia in order to qualify for inclusion in the World Heritage List.
I visited this site few months ago. Amazing medieval castle build by Despot Djuradj Brankovic in the begining of 15th century and its still standing. It was a last defence against Ottoman Turks. When they overrun Serbian army there, medieval Serbia stoped existing and then started a 500 years slavery under Ottomans. This is a reason why is so important site. Its very easy to come here. From Belgrade or any other city. You can see it coming into the city. Free to visit, except towers, but ticket is simbolic(around 100 dinars=less then 1 euro).
Visited the site in August 2011, one of the most spectacular fortresses in this part of Europe. The whole area is currently a park with free access. The only place with limited and fee entrance is a keep (or donjon) which is initial medieval castle (the beginning of a fortress)-nice views from the towers of the site and Danube river.
During my visit I saw a photo exhibition of all Danubian fortresses including Bac, Petrovaradin, Belgrade and Golubac - good idea for serial listing - all are very well preserved and remarkable places (especially Golubac).


This is a very nice, hefty 4-way control switch, it looks a lot like a joystick but is decidedly heftier, and has built in clamping-switches rather than using microswitches. This makes it great for really big robotics and control panels, but it's not as light and easy to use as a plain joystick. Also it has built in X retaining slots so you really can only move in four directions, you can't rotate around once you've picked a direction like an arcade stick. You can easily disassemble the switch enough to panel mount it, there are even a few gasket rings included.
Overall length: ~145mm / 5.7"
Base: 51 x 51mm / 2" x 2"


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d) diffusion of high-resolution imaging now achieving unprecedented accuracy in precision diagnostics and therapy assessment.
In light of the ongoing switch of medicine paradigm, the role of digital phenotypes has become crucial to characterize diseases. Comprehensive approaches are now conceived for the analysis of multi-evidenced data, i.e. data generated from multiple sources.
drive important changes in targeted treatments and drug re-purposing.
1.	Can digitalization already be considered disruptive in medicine?
2.	Are EHRs filling the knowledge of clinical gaps in support of patients?
3.	Is Big Data helping doctors stop Big Killers?


Description: This Legal Two Family Dwelling Is The Perfect Turnkey Investment! 2+2 Raised Bungalow In Fantastic Area With All The Amenities! Separate Entrances To Each Unit. Backing Onto Green Space And School. Sprinkler System Installed In Furnace Area, Vinyl Windows, Roof Re-Shingled In 2016.


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UA_Heat Island_ch_1200x600_1of3.jpg
Mapping Out Solutions for Urban Heat Islands
Innovative heat-mapping strategies provide insight into best design practices for urban climate resilience.
The urban heat island (UHI) effect — the tendency for concrete-and-asphalt-built cities to be hotter than surrounding rural areas — is well documented. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the annual mean air temperature of a city with more than a million people can be 1.8 to 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the surrounding areas, while evening temperature difference can be as much as 22 degrees F. The impact of urban heat includes increases in energy demand, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, heat-related illness/mortality, and water quality. Its effects have broad implications for public health and urban planning.
The phenomenon is of particular concern in the American Southwest, as it counteracts the cooling effect that otherwise occurs at night, and it has risen in importance with the increasing likelihood of extreme heat due to climate change and the continued growth of urban areas, both of which amplify the UHI effect.
Ladd Keith, Assistant Professor in Planning and Chair of the Sustainable Built Environments program at the University of Arizona's School of Landscape Architecture and Planning, is part of a team investigating the UHI effect in a project funded by the Climate Assessment for the Southwest. The research objectives are to "document urban heat maps and their uses in cities in Arizona and New Mexico, and to develop new maps for several pilot cities interested in planning for urban heat," says Keith. "We are also creating a learning network among the cities we are working with so that planning and design strategies to mitigate urban heat can be shared more widely."
Tracking a City's Hot Spots
Urban planners at the UA documented use of urban heat maps in all cities of more than 20,000 people in Arizona and New Mexico.
Heat mapping is effective in both identifying UHI areas and prioritizing cooling strategies for these locations. As part of the project, the team documented the use of urban heat maps in every city in Arizona and New Mexico with a population of more than 20,000. "While only a handful currently had urban heat maps, over half of the cities had staff that were very interested in the topic and obtaining maps in the future," Keith says.
Existing efforts in Arizona include Tucson's Pima Association of Governments' urban heat map, which has informed transportation, green infrastructure and urban forestry, and neighborhood improvement; and several project-specific urban heat maps in Phoenix, developed for the city's tree and shade master plan and improvements to its light rail system. In New Mexico, Albuquerque and Las Cruces have used urban heat maps to help guide investments in heat mitigation.
In addition to analyzing existing efforts in the Southwest, the project is providing urban heat maps to pilot cities in the region. Team member Ben McMahan is creating the maps with Landsat 8 satellite data to estimate land surface temperature and calibrating that with local meteorological observations. The pilot cities include Avondale and Buckeye, Arizona, and Santa Fe and Doña Ana County, New Mexico. Robert Busick, a planner in Buckeye, explains the city's involvement.
"Buckeye's interest in urban heat mapping stems from the fact that much of the city's land area is undeveloped desert or irrigated agricultural fields that are expected to experience significant development," Busick says. "Being part of the Phoenix metropolitan area, we are well aware of how development can exacerbate the extreme summer temperatures our region experiences." He anticipates that heat mapping will help his planning staff in mitigating some of the UHI effect expected to occur in this fast-growing area
UHI effect is often overlooked in terms of climate risk because its impacts aren't as visible as other climate change factors like rising sea levels.
Along with documenting current use of urban heat maps/models and working with the pilot cities to assess challenges and opportunities, the study prioritizes communication as another way of empowering communities to make better decisions. The team is in conversation with both planners and mapping staff about appropriate uses and limitations of the maps, and is sharing policy and design strategies for mitigating urban heat. The focus on collaboration suggests there is strength in numbers.
"I'm most excited about the learning network with the current and new urban heat map users," Keith says. "Many reported wanting to be better connected to learn how other cities are using the maps to guide decisions related to urban heat."
Extreme heat poses a special challenge. It is sometimes referred to as an invisible climate risk because its effects aren't always as visible as threats such as sea level rise, inland flooding and wildfires. Yet what extreme heat has in common with those events, says Keith, is that certain populations are at higher risk.
"For extreme heat the most vulnerable are often the homeless, those with lower income who may not have access to air conditioning or adequate healthcare, outdoor workers, children and the elderly," he says. "Another challenge with extreme heat is that there is no accepted governance structure for it in the U.S. Compare it with flooding, where we have standardized and accepted federal floodplain maps, local flood management departments and local land-use regulations."
The best practices and insights yielded from the study are intended to inform communities with context- and design-specific strategies for mitigating urban heat. By equitably supporting the needs of the public, business and government, all can make gains in the quest for increased urban resilience.
Built Environments


Am Fam Physician. 2019 Jan 1;99(1):5.
Incorrect vaccine recommendations. The Medicine by the Numbers "Pneumococcal Vaccines in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease" (April 1, 2018, p. 463) included inaccurate details regarding the recommendations for administering pneumococcal vaccinations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The last two sentences of the article on page 464 should have read: "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that anyone with chronic pulmonary disease between 19 and 64 years of age should routinely receive the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23; Pneumovax 23). At age 65 years, these patients should next receive the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13; Prevnar 13) if they have not previously received it, and another dose of the PPSV23 at least one year after receiving PCV13 and at least 5 years after receiving PPSV23." The reference for this sentence (reference 10) was also updated to the following: "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal vaccination: summary of who and when to vaccinate. Atlanta, Ga.: December 6, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pneumo/hcp/who-when-to-vaccinate.html. Accessed April 10, 2018." The online version of the article has been corrected.


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Match Preview: Bristol Rovers v Plymouth Argyle
Rovers host Plymouth Arygle in the Sky Bet League One at the Mem on Saturday, 1.30pm kick off.
Rovers are after their first home league win of the season and will be hoping to build on last week's 1-1 draw away at Shrewsbury Town.
Darrell Clarke's men are sat in 21st after six games with four points and win over the Pilgrims could see them rise as high as 11th, pending other results.
Gaffer's View: Darrell spoke to the press on Thursday as usual and offered his thoughts on this weekend's clash at BS7.
Preview: Darrell on Plymouth Argyle
Player's View: Tom Nichols was also on media duty and discussed the game with Argyle, his start the season and determination to break his goalscoring duck.
Preview: Tom Nichols on Plymouth
Opposition View: Plymouth have endured a difficult start to their season and find themselves rock bottom of the table with just two points and no wins on the board as of yet. Their current form is a far cry from their performance last campaign in which they chased for a play-off spot having been promoted the season before. Last time out they were turned over 3-0 away to an in-form Portsmouth side and will be coming to the Mem keen not only to rectify that, but to pick up their first set of three points.
Opposition View: Plymouth Argyle
Last Time We Met: Back in March Rovers visited Home Park for a play-off chase crunch match, with both sides threatening to make a late surge for the top six and the result set to have a large say in who took the driving seat. Rovers made the dream start after 12 minutes, as Chris Lines whipped in a precise free kick to send his side into the lead. Jamie Ness equalised for Argyle on 34 minutes, but the hosts were immediately pegged back as Ellis Harrison swept home a left-footed finish just two minutes later. Rovers were good value for their lead, but very shortly after the break Plymouth equalised again, through the same man. The game was delicately poised but with five minutes left, until Tom Lockyer conceded a penalty which Graham Carey stepped up to convert having missed one already earlier that half - Plymouth saw out the game to win 3-2.
Tickets: There is availability on the day, but we do advise fans to purchase in advance to avoid queues.
Ticket Information: Plymouth Argyle
Match Day Info: Plan your day out at the Mem with our match day guide - listing all the key timings for Saturday's game.
What's On: Bristol Rovers v Plymouth Argyle
How to follow the game: As usual, we will have updates throughout the game on social media. If you can't make it to the Mem on Saturday, then supporters based domestically and abroad will be able to watch the game on iFollow - due to the fixture falling inside the international break period and therefore falling outside of the usual broadcast restrictions. For more information about iFollow - please click HERE.
Bristol Rovers vs Plymouth Argyle on 08 Sep 18


"Enjoy learning Japanese!" This is our school motto. Using a lot of visual materials and playing short skits, our students can memorize vocabularies and sentences from their impression.
We have published "Ganbatte" series textbooks which help students learn communication skills. Our course is not only for conversation skills, but also for grammar, reading and writing skills. Our students will reach the level of Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) level 4 after 100 hours studying at NJK, and JLPT level 3 after another 72 hours studying.
We are able to have such fun and effective lessons because of our certified instructors, original "Ganbatte" textbooks and small group classes. Come have fun while learning Japanese with us!
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Jonny has been editing in London since 2010. A graduate of the Cambridge School of Art, where he earned a BA (Hons) in Film and Television Production, he started his craft at Pretzel Films where he moved up to Senior Editor in just a few years. Since making the leap to freelance, he's been very busy working on varied projects, from documentaries and music videos to sport promos, short films and virals.
Proficient in Final Cut Pro and Premiere, he has an excellent eye for detail, solid technical background and strong dedication. Enthusiastic and ambitious, Jonny works well both autonomously and as part of a team. He manages to establish a great relationship with his clients and they enjoy his dedication to projects, whatever the size of the job. That's why he has become a regular wherever he's been booked.
A big drive for Jonny is to regularly work on intelligent prime-time television and features. Extremely hard working and able to confidently produce quality work to tight deadlines, achieving results under pressure, he has had plenty of experience working along with directors and clients. Among his stand-out projects, he was lead editor on "The Wembley Cup", the EE-sponsored football web-series that gained over 50 million views.
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In some states, voters will be able to cast their vote to speak for the 99 percent and vote for Stewart Alexander for President and Alex Mendoza for Vice President. These voters will be on the frontline to revolt against a political system that is unfair and unjust; their votes will be a revolt against unfair ballot access laws that has rigged the entire political process to limit voter choice to the candidates of the two corporate parties.
The following statement was released by Comrades from Cairo on October 30, 2012. (computer translation) --- Dear friends, the next period will again face a familiar foe that many of you have and continue to fight. International Financial Institutions (IFIs) such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), have long been assisting in the looting of the Egyptian economy and the displacement of the Egyptian people. Our goal is to resist in these institutions and their depredations. Because we know that this struggle is universal, send this letter to all those working in solidarity against the bankers and their friends.