text:
Multicultural Meanderings
Working site on citizenship and multiculturalism issues.
"Because it's 2015 …" Implementing Diversity and Inclusion
Multiculturalism in Canada: Evidence and Anecdote
Overview Deck
Charts and Tables
Multiculturalism in Canada: Evidence and Anecdote (2016 Census data)
Policy Arrogance or Innocent Bias: Resetting Citizenship and Multiculturalism
10 Inconvenient Truths: Policy Arrogance or Innocent Bias Deck
Policy Arrogance or Innocent Bias – One Year Later
Excerpt: Introduction
Book Launch Speaking Notes
Reference Charts and Tables
Chart 1: Evolution of Canadian Diversity 1867 – 2017
Chart 2: Situating Immigration, Integration and Citizenship within Broader Context
Chart 3: Ministerial Outreach by Community
Table 1: Multiculturalism Program Evolution
Table 2: Citizenship and Multiculturalism Policy Shifts
Table 3: Contrasting Multiculturalism Priorities — 2004-5 to 2011-11
Table 4: Contrasting Ministerial Messaging 2003-04 and 2011-12
Table 5: Ethnic Community Specific Challenges
Table 6: Religious Group Specific Challenges
Table 7: Comparison Between Current and Proposed Programming
Table 8: Language Assessment and Equivalencies
Table 9: Diversity Paradigms
Table 10: Multiculturalism/ Interculturalisme Comparison
Table 11: Radicalization-Related Multiculturalism Projects
Table 12: Transition to CIC Organizational Structure
Appendix A: Source Country of Immigrants 2005 – 2012
Appendix B: Categories of Immigrants 2005 – 2012
Appendix C: Ministerial Speeches and Statements by Community 2007 – 11
Appendix D: Lapses in Multiculturalism Program G&Cs
Appendix E: Key Ministerial Messages in Annual Reports of the Canadian Multiculturalism Act
Appendix F: Citizenship Operational Statistics and Backlog
Appendix G: Source Country of New Canadian Citizens
Appendix H: CIC Datasets Sorted by Program Area
Deck – 10 Inconvenient Truths
Book Availability
Living with Cancer: A Journey
Canadian Bar Association Presentation 8 May 2015: Citizenship: "Harder to Get and Easier to Lose"
The Evolution of Citizenship: Policy, Program and Operations
The Evolution of Citizenship: Policy, Program and Operations: Sources
The new citizenship act is efficient. Is it fair?
A relentlessly upbeat take on citizenship: My Review of Belonging: The Paradox of Citizenship
Multiculturalism: Getting the Balance Right
Role of Media in Integrating Immigrants: Metropolis Panel Discussion
Policy Arrogance or Innocent Bias
Resetting Citizenship and Multiculturalism: Optimum Online Vol. 43 Issue 2 June 2013
Excerpt: Discover Canada Citizenship Guide
ATIP
ATIP Delay Log
C-6/C-24
C-6 Committee Meetings
Alliance of Canadian Terror Victims Presentation – May 5
B'nai Brith C-24 Brief – April 30
C-24 Committee Meetings
Canadian Arab Institute
Canadian Association of Professional Immigration Consultants
Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers (CARL)
Canadian Council for Refugees
Christopher Thomson (pre-PR time)
Metro Toronto Chinese & Southeast Asian Legal Clinic Submission – May 12
New Citizenship Act is Efficient. Is it Fair?
Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants – April 30
Parkdale Community Legal Services Brief – May 5
Parkdale Community Legal Services Statements – C-24 – May 5
Pre-PR Time Counts – Brief – May 7
Pre-PR Time Counts – C-24 Statement – May 7
Professor Elke Winter, University of Ottawa – Statement – May 7
Professor Patti Tamara Lenard, U of Ottawa – Brief – May 7
Unicef Canada
Election 2019 and Ethnic Media
Ethnic Media Coverage
Riding profile links
Top ridings by group
Radicalization
'Th' sound to vanish from English language by 2066 because of multiculturalism, say linguists
2016/09/30 Leave a comment
Languages either evolve or they decline. Fascinating:
By 2066, linguists are predicting that the "th" sound will vanish completely in the capital because there are so many foreigners who struggle to pronounce interdental consonants – the term for a sound created by pushing the tongue against the upper teeth.
Already Estuary English – a hybrid of Cockney and received pronunciation (RP) which is prevalent in the South East – is being replaced by Multicultural London English (MLE) which is heavily influenced by Caribbean, West African and Asian Communities.
But within the next few decades immigration will have fundamentally altered the language, according to experts at the University of York.
We can expect to see significant changes between now and the middle of the century. Dr Dominic Watt, University of York
The "th" sound – also called the voiced dental nonsibliant fricative – is likely to change to be replaced an "f", "d", or "v" meaning "mother" will be pronounced "muvver" and "thick" will be voiced as "fick".
However the 'h' that fell silent in Cockney dialect is set to return allowing 'ere' to become 'here' once more.
Dr Dominic Watt, a sociolinguistics expert from the University of York, said: "Given the status of London as the linguistically most influential city in the English-speaking world, we can expect to see significant changes between now and the middle of the century.
"The major changes in the way we speak over the next 50 years will involve a simplification of the sound structure of words, they'll become shorter probably
"By looking at how English has changed over the last 50 years we can identify patterns that seem to repeat. British accents seem to be less based on class these days.
"Languages also change when they come into contact with one another. English has borrowed thousands of words from other languages: mainly French, Latin and Greek, but there are 'loan words' from dozens of other languages in the mix."
The Sounds of The Future report was produced from a study involving analysis of recordings from the last 50 years as well as social media language use.
Other changes likely to become widespread by 2066 include a habit known as "yod dropping" in which the "u" sound is replaced with an "oo". It means that "duke" becomes "dook", "news" is pronounced "nooze" and "beauty" changes to "booty".
Consonant "smushing" is also predicted where two sounds collapse together completely so that "wed" and "red" will soon be indistinguishable.
Likewise the "l" at the end of words will be dropped so that the words "Paul", "paw" and "pool" all sound the same. Similiarly, "text" will lose the final "t" to become "tex".
And, the glottal stop pronunciation of "t" – a brief catch in the throat when the tongue tip closed against the roof of the mouth – will be the default pronunciation.
Brendan Gunn, a voice coach who is currently working with Pierce Brosnan on his new US series said: "The younger generation always wants to be different from the older generation and that process will continue throughout history.
"Text speak which is a form of shortening will become ordinary speak, so you may end of saying 'tagLOL' or 'toteschill' which means hashtag laugh out loud or totally chilled.
"Even in the Royal family it is probable that Prince George will speak much differently to the Queen. In London I think we will see the 'th' becoming an 'f' all the time."
Technology will also change the way people speak, and the experts predict that as artificial intelligence emerges the, computers could begin to invent new words.
Dr Watt added: "It is conceivable that some of the words that will come into English in the next 50 years will have been invented by computers because as computers become more intelligent it may be they start creating words of their own and feeding the, back to us.
"Already we're seeing text words phrases coming into respected dictionaries. As time goes on we're going to see more and more of that kind of thing.
"The traditional dialects will die out and others will morph into the speech of large urban centres."
Source: 'Th' sound to vanish from English language by 2066 because of multiculturalism, say linguists
Filed under Multiculturalism Tagged with language, Sounds of The Future
U.S. owes black people reparations for a history of 'racial terrorism,' says U.N. panel – The Washington Post
Others have argued differently Black Lives Matter is 'woke' to old problems — but still sleeping on solutions – The Washington Post):
Reparations presents the most acute challenge. This sounds sensible enough, but a thoroughly "woke" person might say black America has already received reparations.
They're not called "reparations," of course, but that's just an issue of terminology. Affirmative Action has been reparations; the 1977 Community Reinvestment Act battling redlining was reparations; the original intent of No Child Left Behind was to identify disparities between black and other children in scholarly achievement and therefore qualified by definition as reparations; in the late 1960s, nationwide, at the behest of the National Welfare Rights Organization and other movements, welfare programs were reformed to make payments easier to get. This, too, was a form of reparations.
The UN-affiliated group in contrast:
The history of slavery in the United States justifies reparations for African Americans, argues a recent report by a U.N.-affiliated group based in Geneva.
This conclusion was part of a study by the United Nations' Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, a body that reports to the international organization's High Commissioner on Human Rights. The group of experts, which includes leading human rights lawyers from around the world, presented its findings to the United Nations Human Rights Council on Monday, pointing to the continuing link between present injustices and the dark chapters of American history.
"In particular, the legacy of colonial history, enslavement, racial subordination and segregation, racial terrorism and racial inequality in the United States remains a serious challenge, as there has been no real commitment to reparations and to truth and reconciliation for people of African descent," the report stated. "Contemporary police killings and the trauma that they create are reminiscent of the past racial terror of lynching."
Citing the past year's spate of police officers killing unarmed African American men, the panel warned against "impunity for state violence," which has created, in its words, a "human rights crisis" that "must be addressed as a matter of urgency."
Source: U.S. owes black people reparations for a history of 'racial terrorism,' says U.N. panel – The Washington Post
Filed under Historical Recognition, Multiculturalism, Racism Tagged with African Americans, reparations
Jason Kenney on life after Ottawa and uniting Alberta's right [comments on ethnic vote and Leitch]
Worth noting:
Q: Within the Conservative party, you were known as someone who connected with multicultural voters. But most recently, support for the party has melted away in those communities. What do you think is going on there?
A: I would challenge that assertion: it has not melted away. When we started this project in the 2004 election, the Conservative party was at just over 20 per cent of support of new Canadians, and by the 2011 election we were at about 42 per cent—a higher share of the vote than of native-born Canadians. We are the only centre-right party in the world of whom that is true. But I never had the hubris to imagine that we would have a kind of permanent lock on the plurality of that share of Canadian electors. I think what we've done through our hard work in cultural communities is to create a competitive political environment. No longer can any party, such as the Liberals, take for granted the support of new Canadians or cultural communities, as though they are some kind of a passive vote-bank.
Q: With the federal Conservative leadership race, you've made a few critical comments about Kellie Leitch's immigrant-values test proposal. What's your take on the screening people have to go through?
A: I have an enormous amount of experience in this area as multiculturalism minister for 10 years, then being minister of immigration responsible for screening and selection, and minister of citizenship. I find her approach to be disingenuous. I don't think she's ever thought deeply about these questions. She never raised these questions in Parliament, in public, in caucus or in cabinet. She seemed only to latch on to this as a theme after her campaign was circulating some questions on an online poll that was probably designed to generate email addresses. I just find the whole approach a bit slapdash. What concerns me is that these are extraordinarily sensitive questions that must be addressed with a great deal of nuance and prudence. Having said that, I do believe there is absolutely space for legitimate debate in a liberal democracy about immigration selection, screening and integration.
Q: You previously spent a lot of your time touring and campaigning with multicultural groups, and now you're visiting smaller, rural areas in Alberta that must be a lot more homogeneous. What are you taking from those communities and hearing from people?
A: Rural Alberta is a lot less homogeneous than it used to be, partly because of my immigration policies. You go to a lot of small communities in rural Alberta and you'll find a degree of diversity that probably hasn't existed in terms of immigration for a century—you'll find the Filipino grocery store, and the African Pentecostal church and maybe a mosque. Albertans are pro-immigration; they're also pro-integration. In my years in this province I cannot recall more than a handful of expressions of xenophobia or nativism that I've encountered. It's the land of new beginnings and fresh starts—it is rare Albertans who trace their roots here back more than a generation or two. It's extraordinarily welcoming.
Source: Jason Kenney on life after Ottawa and uniting Alberta's right – Macleans.ca
For the full, non-edited, comments on Kellie Leitch, see
Jason Kenney on Kellie Leitch's values test
Filed under Immigration, Multiculturalism Tagged with ethnic vote, jason kenney, Kellie Leitch
For Affirmative Action, Brazil Sets Up Controversial Boards To Determine Race: NPR
Orwellian. Self-identification is the only way, even if it risks some "gaming:"
Siqueira considers himself to be mixed race, known in Brazil as pardo, or brown.
"I consider myself to be a very typical Brazilian and I've always been very proud of it. In my dad's family, my grandfather is black, my grandmother has Indian and white roots. And on my mother's side they are mostly white, mostly Portuguese," he said.
How he defines himself matters because he was required to self-identify on his application. In 2014, the government introduced a quota system for federal jobs. The affirmative action regulations require that 20 percent of all government positions be filled by people of color – either black or mixed race.
The problem came once the announcement of the appointments was made public.
People started investigating the background of who had gotten the slots. They got into Siqueira's Instagram, his Facebook feed and they sent his personal photos to the government.
"A lot of people sent pictures saying, 'Oh, this dude is white, he's a fraud,'" Siqueira says.
Job Offer Put On Hold
People basically said he was gaming the system, lying about who and what he is to get one of the jobs. The backlash shocked him. He said he hadn't even considered the quota system. He just put down what he considered himself to be.
But the controversy wouldn't go away. The government was getting so much flack that it put Siqueira's offer on hold.
And then the government went a step further.
In response to the outcry, they set up a kind of race committee to review his case, and a few others.
He was asked to present himself to a panel of seven diplomats in a room who would decide if he was really Afro-Brazilian, as he claimed.
They asked him a bunch of questions such as, "Since when do you consider yourself to be a person of this color?"
And then it was over.
What they decided was that he was not pardo, or mixed race. No explanation. No discussion. So he decided to sue.
And that's when this story gets even more complicated. Because in order to "prove" that he was Afro-Brazilian, his lawyers needed to find some criteria. He went to seven dermatologists who used something called the Fitzpatrick scale that grades skin tone from one to seven, or whitest to darkest. The last doctor even had a special machine.
"Apparently on my face I'm a type four. Which would be like Jennifer Lopez or Dev Patel, Frida Pinto or John Stamos. On my limbs I would be type five, which is Halle Berry, Will Smith, Beyonce and Tiger Woods," he said.
Like most people he has different skin tones on different parts of his body. But in none of these tests did he come out as lighter skinned.
He says the whole thing struck him as completely bizarre because identity, he says, is made up of more than just physical characteristics.
But this wasn't just an isolated incident.
Mandatory For All Government Jobs
A few weeks ago, these race tribunals were made mandatory for all government jobs. In one state, they even issued guidelines about how to measure lip size, hair texture and nose width, something that for some has uncomfortable echoes of racist philosophies in the 19th century.
Source: For Affirmative Action, Brazil Sets Up Controversial Boards To Determine Race : Parallels : NPR
Filed under Multiculturalism Tagged with affirmative action, Brasil, employment equity
Playboy and the False Normalization of the Hijab: Maajid Nawaz
Nawaz provides historical perspective to wearing of the hijab, contrasting liberal and conservative perspectives, which will provoke discussion and debate:
As a reforming secular liberal Muslim, I do not endorse the gender-discriminatory body-shaming and moralizing of the hijab. I will fight fiercely to protect anyone's right to wear this medieval flag of female "chastity," but that doesn't mean I think the wearer is right to do so. Let us not ban the hijab, but let us not glamorize it either. I prefer leaving that to religious conservatives who are fixated on nudity, "modesty," and female "honor." This is a conservative, not liberal, view of the human body. Such illiberal, regressive-left promotion of religious conservativism—only for Muslims mind you—is nothing short of exoticized Orientalism rehashed.
The assumption made by some liberals is that the "authentic" Muslim woman is the hijab-wearing one, while non-hijabis are seen as Westernized, inauthentic Muslims. Likewise, the religious-conservative Muslim assumption equates concealing the female form to "modesty," as if a woman who shows her hair or reveals her figure is somehow immodest.
This is a not-so-subtle form of bigotry against the female form, and it has real consequences, including rising social-conservative attitudes across Muslim communities around gender and sexual freedom. In too many instances across Muslim-majority societies, including those embedded in Europe, this "modesty theology" has led to slut-shaming of women who do not cover. Worse yet, it can lead to so-called honor killings.
Many non-Muslims simply assume there is only one—conservative—way of being Muslim. But we Muslims are no longer this distant and native "other" that liberals and conservatives can visit once a year to share a bit of falafel.
We are born and raised among you, and Islam is therefore now firmly native to our societies. So judge us by the same progressive standards you reserve for everyone else. We Muslim reformers have to be able to demand the same progressive rights within our communities that are enjoyed by everyone else. Your intervention and interaction with Muslims' intra-religious debate around these issues is not neutral. A civil war is raging within our communities about the future of Islam for Muslims.
Liberal Muslim theologians such as Britain's Shaykh Salah al-Ansari, Dr. Usama Hasan, and Pakistan's Javaid Ghamidi, argue that the hijab is not a religious duty (fard) at all. And that is how it used to be.
Up until the 1980s, the female body was not shamed out of public view in Muslim-majority societies. But from the '80s onward, theocratic Islamism began replacing Arab socialism as the ideology of resistance against "the West." This struggle against the "other" necessitated defining what is "ours" and what is "theirs"—and women, of course, were deemed "ours."
Suddenly, women's bodies became the red line in a cultural war against the West started by theocratic Islamism. A Not Muslim Enough charade was used to identify "true" Muslims against "Western" stooges. Religious dress codes became a crucial marker in these cultural purity stakes. Any uncovered woman was now deemed loose, decadent, and attention seeking. In short, aligned to the "Western enemy."
Back to the Playboy shoot: The admirably entrepreneurial Noor Taguri advises younger girls who look up to her to "stay fearless and remember that everything you want is just outside your comfort zone."
My advice to Noor is: I hope you do the same, sister. Do look up the late great Egyptian feminist Huda Sharawi who truly stepped out of her "comfort zone" when, in 1923, she shocked Muslims everywhere by removing her hijab publicly for the first time.
Within months Muslim women the world over were encouraged to shed this gender-discriminatory medieval throwback to "modesty." Those were the days when genuine Western progressives supported genuine Muslim feminists.
Source: Playboy and the False Normalization of the Hijab – The Daily Beast
Filed under Multiculturalism, Religion Tagged with islam, Maajid Nawaz, women
Senate could get rid of law threatening to strip Maryam Monsef's citizenship
Needed: the removal of the previous procedural protections for citizenship fraud and misrepresentation without any effective replacement was over-reach:
The Senate could come to the rescue of Canadians who are being stripped of their citizenship without a hearing.
Independent Sen. Ratna Omidvar, who is sponsoring another citizenship-related bill in the upper house, says she's hopeful the Senate will amend the bill to do away with a law that allows the government to revoke the citizenship of anyone deemed to have misrepresented themselves.
It's a law that could potentially ensnare Democratic Institutions Minister Maryam Monsef, who revealed last week that she was born in Iran, not Afghanistan as she'd always believed.
The law, part of a citizenship bill passed by the previous Conservative government, was denounced by the Liberals when they were in opposition but lawyers say they've been aggressively enforcing it since forming government.
The British Columbia Civil Liberties Association and the Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers on Monday launched a constitutional challenge of the law, which they argue violates the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
The Liberal government chose not to deal with the issue in Bill C-6, which repeals other aspects of the Conservatives' citizenship regime, including a provision empowering the government to revoke the citizenship of dual nationals who are convicted of high treason or terrorism.
During study of C-6 at a House of Commons committee, the NDP attempted to amend the bill to repeal the power to revoke citizenship without a hearing. But that was ruled by the committee chair to be outside the scope of the bill.
Omidvar, who moved the second reading of C-6 on Tuesday in the upper chamber, said Senate procedural rules are different and she's hopeful the upper house will be able to do what the Commons could not.
"I would like to see this question addressed," said Omidvar, a longtime advocate for immigrant and refugee rights.
"I think it's a very important question because, as BCCLA has pointed out, even if you get a traffic ticket, you get a hearing or an appeal and here your citizenship is being revoked and you have no avenue for a hearing and appeal."
Omidvar said she's spoken about the matter with Immigration Minister John McCallum and "he's open to an amendment" from the Senate.
"He understands that this was an oversight."
Source: Senate could get rid of law threatening to strip Maryam Monsef's citizenship | Toronto Star
Filed under C-6, Citizenship, Revocation Tagged with British Columbia Civil Liberties Association, Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers, Maryam Monsef, Senate, Senator Omidvar
Italy's 'Cultural Allowance' For Teens Aims To Educate, Counter Extremism : NPR
Interesting approach.
One of the best initiatives of the Institute for Canadian Citizenship gives every new Canadian a one-year pass that provides free access to over 1,000 cultural and historical sites.:
Few things inspire more loathing in the hearts of high school students than the words "extra homework." But as Florence Mattei hands out a pamphlet to her homeroom class at the Southlands School in Rome, she tells them they may want to give this assignment a chance.
"Who would like to read what it's about?" she asks the room full of 18-year-olds.
A senior named Alessio translates from Italian into English: "For the people born in 1998 there is a 500-euro bonus that you can spend on cultural things, such as going to the cinema, visiting museums and this kind of stuff."
He stares at the page in disbelief. But it's true. Starting this month, Italy is offering its 18-year-old residents the equivalent of $563 to spend on culture, from concert tickets, books and museum admission to other qualifying events.
To get the money, they need to register online and download an app.
"Do we want to try?" says the teacher. "Yeah? So get your phone."
Youth unemployment in Italy is nearly 40 percent in a country that's been struggling economically for years. So the free cash is a welcome surprise for teens like Daniele Montagna, who knows where he is going to spend his first.
"On the concert of JB — Justin Bieber!" he rejoices.
And he can. The program doesn't distinguish between pop culture and highbrow culture.
Combating extremism
The Italian government is hoping the program will educate kids born in Italy as well as integrate a growing population of foreign residents, dissuading alienated youths from following radical Islam.
Prime Minister Matteo Renzi first announced the so-called Culture Bonus last November after the Paris massacre, when Islamist terrorists killed 130 people inside a theater and outside on the streets.
"They destroy statues, we protect them," he said in a speech at the time. "They burn books, we're the country of libraries; they envision terror, we respond with culture."
But some question whether exposing young Muslims to, say, Lady Gaga will really endear them to Western culture.
"There is a chance that Lady Gaga is exactly what's going to make somebody angry," says Barak Mendelsohn, a senior fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute in Philadelphia and an expert in combating extremism. "That doesn't mean that they buy into your values. We've seen radicals trying to take advantage of the welfare state, funding themselves while building bombs."
He points to the Paris attackers. French authorities estimate they collected more than 50,000 euros in unemployment benefits — even while at least one of them had a job.
"They don't have any ideological obstacle in taking money from Western countries," Mendelsohn adds.
Source: Italy's 'Cultural Allowance' For Teens Aims To Educate, Counter Extremism : Parallels : NPR
Filed under Citizenship, Multiculturalism Tagged with cultural access pass, Institute for Canadian Citizenship (ICC), Italy
Bias Isn't Just A Police Problem, It's A Preschool Problem : NPR
Worth reading in terms of just how embedded implicit bias is:
New research from the Yale Child Study Center suggests that many preschool teachers look for disruptive behavior in much the same way: in just one place, waiting for it to appear.
The problem with this strategy (besides it being inefficient), is that, because of implicit bias, teachers are spending too much time watching black boys and expecting the worst.
Lead researcher Walter Gilliam knew that to get an accurate measure of implicit bias among preschool teachers, he couldn't be fully transparent with his subjects about what, exactly, he was trying to study.
Implicit biases are just that — subtle, often subconscious stereotypes that guide our expectations and interactions with people.
"We all have them," Gilliam says. "Implicit biases are a natural process by which we take information, and we judge people on the basis of generalizations regarding that information. We all do it."
Even the most well-meaning teacher can harbor deep-seated biases, whether she knows it or not. So Gilliam and his team devised a remarkable — and remarkably deceptive — experiment.
At a big, annual conference for pre-K teachers, Gilliam and his team recruited 135 educators to watch a few short videos. Here's what they told them:
"We are interested in learning about how teachers detect challenging behavior in the classroom. Sometimes this involves seeing behavior before it becomes problematic. The video segments you are about to view are of preschoolers engaging in various activities. Some clips may or may not contain challenging behaviors. Your job is to press the enter key on the external keypad every time you see a behavior that could become a potential challenge."
Each video included four children: a black boy and girl and a white boy and girl.
Here's the deception: There was no challenging behavior.
While the teachers watched, eye-scan technology measured the trajectory of their gaze. Gilliam wanted to know: When teachers expected bad behavior, who did they watch?
"What we found was exactly what we expected based on the rates at which children are expelled from preschool programs," Gilliam says. "Teachers looked more at the black children than the white children, and they looked specifically more at the African-American boy."
Indeed, according to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education, black children are 3.6 times more likely to be suspended from preschool than white children. Put another way, black children account for roughly 19 percent of all preschoolers, but nearly half of preschoolers who get suspended.
One reason that number is so high, Gilliam suggests, is that teachers spend more time focused on their black students, expecting bad behavior. "If you look for something in one place, that's the only place you can typically find it."
The Yale team also asked subjects to identify the child they felt required the most attention. Forty-two percent identified the black boy, 34 percent identified the white boy, while 13 percent and 10 percent identified the white and black girls respectively.
The Vignette
The Yale study had two parts. And, as compelling as the eye-scan results were, Gilliam's most surprising takeaway came later.
He gave teachers a one-paragraph vignette to read, describing a child disrupting a class; there's hitting, scratching, even toy-throwing. The child in the vignette was randomly assigned what researchers considered a stereotypical name (DeShawn, Latoya, Jake, Emily), and subjects were asked to rate the severity of the behavior on a scale of one to five.
White teachers consistently held black students to a lower standard, rating their behavior as less severe than the same behavior of white students.
Gilliam says this tracks with previous research around how people may shift standards and expectations of others based on stereotypes and implicit bias. In other words, if white teachers believe that black boys are more likely to behave badly, they may be less surprised by that behavior and rate it less severely.
Black teachers, on the other hand, did the opposite, holding black students to a higher standard and rating their behavior as consistently more severe than that of white students.
Here's another key finding: Some teachers were also given information about the disruptive child's home life, to see if it made them more empathetic:
[CHILD] lives with his/her mother, his/her 8- and 6-year old sisters, and his/her 10-month-old baby brother. His/her home life is turbulent, between having a father who has never been a constant figure in his/her life, and a mother who struggles with depression but doesn't have the resources available to seek help. During the rare times when his/her parents are together, loud and sometimes violent disputes occur between them. In order to make ends meet, [CHILD's] mother has taken on three different jobs, and is in a constant state of exhaustion. [CHILD] and his/her siblings are left in the care of available relatives and neighbors while their mother is at work.
Guess what happened.
Teachers who received this background did react more empathetically, lowering their rating of a behavior's severity — but only if the teacher and student were of the same race.
Source: Bias Isn't Just A Police Problem, It's A Preschool Problem : NPR Ed : NPR
Filed under Multiculturalism, Racism Tagged with bias, implicit bias, preschool teachers
Discrimination isn't ancient history. A new museum shows the truth of that [Museum of African-American History]
The debate over group specific narratives and museums, versus a more horizontal approach. There is place for both:
"Perhaps," said Barack Obama on the museum portico on opening day, "it can help a white visitor understand the pain and anger of demonstrators in places like Tulsa and Charlotte . . . It reminds us that routine discrimination and Jim Crow aren't ancient history, it's just a blink in the eye of history. It was just yesterday. And so we should not be surprised that not all the healing is done. We shouldn't despair that it's not all solved."
"A great nation does not hide its history," said George W. Bush, under whose administration was raised the majority of the half-billion dollars that the new museum's construction consumed. "It faces its flaws and corrects them. This museum tells the truth that a country founded on the promise of liberty held millions in chains."
…"So much African-American history has been erased, stepped over, or labelled as not in the picture," Gloria Powell told Maclean's on opening weekend. She was 85, a retired nurse and nursing educator from Sacramento, Calif., who spent her working life in Harlem.
"Most of the Caucasian population, and a huge section of the African-American population, do not have any idea of our history," Ms. Powell said. "We were people who were brought here. We didn't come here to escape religious persecution, we were lifted from our land and our homes and our families. If you become educated about who we are, you will find that you guys no longer need to be afraid of us."
But there is another dimension to the opening of the African-American museum, which, like the National Museum of the American Indian a few blocks closer to the U.S. Capitol, advances the fragmentation of the Smithsonian into an archipelago of separate-but-equal edifices a sort of institutional apartheid. Across 14th Street, the National Museum of American History retains only a handful of objects related to African-Americans, including jazzman Dizzy Gillespie's cantilevered trumpet, a photo of hair-care entrepreneur Madam C.J. Walker, and—removed from all context and potency—a lunch counter from Greensboro, N.C., that once was at the nucleus of the integration struggle.
Backed by such celebrities as Eva Longoria and Emilio Estefan, a commission to study the potential creation of the National Museum of the American Latino has been endorsed by Congress, and a man named Sam Eskenazi, formerly of the (non-Smithsonian) United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, has been lobbying for a decade for a National Museum of the American People to celebrate waves of immigration.
"All the Smithsonian museums are artifact-driven," Eskenazi told Maclean's, brandishing endorsements from groups representing dozens of ethnic groups from the Albanians to the Welsh. "My model is story-driven. My museum covers everybody."
Source: Discrimination isn't ancient history. A new museum shows the truth of that. – Macleans.ca
Filed under Multiculturalism Tagged with African Americans, Museum of African-American History, museums
Kathleen Weil slams Jean-François Lisée's immigration comments
More on Quebec immigration and identity debates:
Immigration Minister Kathleen Weil has slammed PQ leadership candidate Jean-François Lisée for listing three European cities as he called on Quebec to have the "best immigration possible."
The Parti Québécois leadership hopeful said Monday the province should select rapidly employable, educated francophone immigrants from top job fairs in Paris, Brussels and Barcelona because they can integrate quickly into Quebec society. Lisée also talked about recruiting francophones from around the world.
"That is perfect immigration," he said.
Weil attacked the comments as discriminatory.
"Every human being has the potential to integrate and to live a full life and to contribute to the society that they live in, and that is the history of Quebec," she said.
Weil argued Quebec boasts the most diversified immigration in Canada.
"Quebec is an open society; we have greeted, welcomed and settled people from all over the world and we're going to continue to do that."
Weil said she was surprised by Lisée's comments because "people usually don't discriminate in their comments, certainly not here (in the National Assembly) over the origins of somebody, about who's a better immigrant."
She told reporters it is "certainly" discriminatory to "differentiate people based on their cultural background, their origin."
Lisée's positions have earned him criticism from inside his own party, too.
PQ MNA Maka Kotto — who supports Lisée's contender, Alexandre Cloutier, for the party leadership — told La Presse that Lisée was "agitating vectors that tickle the dark part of our souls."
Kotto later told reporters in Quebec City it had been "imprudent" of Lisée to raise the issue of immigration levels and composition during the leadership race.
"You know this is a topic that stirs up passions and sometimes skids out of control," Kotto said.
Lisée argued his critics are twisting his words.
"Saying that I want to favour European immigration is nothing but a willful distortion of what I said. My point is that perfect immigration is when we can provide a job, education and integration to every newcomer wherever he or she comes from."
A new study by the Institut de recherche et d'informations socio-économiques (IRIS) suggests immigrants in Quebec are victims of "systemic racism."
Source: Kathleen Weil slams Jean-François Lisée's immigration comments | Montreal Gazette
Filed under Immigration Tagged with Jean-François Lisée, Kathleen Weil, Quebec
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The Minister for Consumer Affairs, Gaming and Liquor Regulation, Marlene Kairouz, today announced the appointment of Shane Lucas as the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation's new Chief Executive Officer.
His appointment follows an extensive national executive search and recruitment process undertaken by the Foundation's Board between November 2018 and February 2019.
Mr Lucas has held executive and senior management positions in the non-government, government and private sectors since 2000. He served as CEO of Early Learning Association Australia from 2013 to 2017, and most recently was a full-time member of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal.
Between 2011 and 2016, Mr Lucas was an Advisory Board Member of Deakin University's Master of Public Policy Program. From 2011 to 2013, he was Vice-President of the Board of Early Learning Association of Australia, where he was also a member of the Finance and Executive sub-committees.
Mr Lucas has a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) from Monash University and a Diploma in Migration Law from Victoria University. He is a graduate of the Victorian Leadership Development Centre and a Williamson Fellow of Leadership Victoria.
Mr Lucas has commenced in the CEO role today, replacing interim CEO Janet Dore who has led the Foundation for the last 5 months.
Ms Dore will continue with the Foundation until the end of the month to ensure a smooth transition to the new leadership.