text:
About Cooper Union >
At Cooper Fall/Winter 2010
Turn the Night Into Day: The Photographs of Alfred Wertheimer
Manhattan is a sensory overload. As any visitor knows, it is easy to be staggered by the canyons of man-made buildings, and the angry torrent of life that runs through it: there is an incessant, raucous din, the heavy smells, and the chaotic stream of sundry human lives, day in and day out. Manhattanis a living, breathing beast. It is this intense vitality that has made New York the muse of many of the 20th century's great artists. It is a city that—love it or hate it—tows you in: and this is reflected in the work of generations of artists, from those like Charles Sheeler and Berenice Abbott, who celebrated its architectural feats as symbolic of progress, to those who recorded the price of modernity as reflected in the activities of its underworld, like Edward Hopper and Weegee. Almost everyone comes to New York to try their hand at success.
One day in 1956, a young man from the south came to New York to bring his music to a wider audience. This man, who was himself a force to be reckoned with, was as yet unknown outside of the south.He had come to play on Stage Show, a CBS program produced by brothers and big band leaders,Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey. A series of extraordinary photographs document this brief moment in time when the 21-year-old Elvis Presley was on the cusp of national stardom.
The photographer was Alfred Wertheimer, a young photojournalist, who had grown up in Brooklyn, and attended Cooper Union. He would go on to spend around ten days with Elvis over the next two years, and shoot roughly 2,500 photographs. The intimate photographs of Elvis are a product of Wertheimer's artistic brilliance and the history of photography. Wertheimer managed to document pivotal moments in the creation of the new rock'n'roll that would take over the nation, in the vocabulary of an iconic movement in photography.
As Wertheimer tells it, there was a bit of luck involved too. Wertheimer, who looks two decades younger than his 81 years, moves around his office with a sprightly step and a shock of whitish grey hair. He likes to joke around, and he says that he only remembers two things: the day he met Elvis and today. Yet he seems to have an encyclopedic knowledge of a wide range of subjects.
In 1955, he was sharing a studio with a fewother photographers on Third Avenue in New York. Among these were Paul Schutzer,who had attended Cooper Union for a year, and Jerry Yulsman, who would go on to become a renowned photographers in their ownright. Schutzer's grand dream in life was to be a staff photographer for Life magazine. He would drop any other assignment whenever Life gave him a call. As a result, he happily passedon any other work to his friend Wertheimer, which he would do in addition to his own assignments. And this meant that Wertheimer was in the right place at the right time to take on an assignment that would be the turning point of his life. On March 12th, 1956, the head of PR from RCA Victor, Anne Fulchino, called and asked if he could do a job the following week. "She says, I want you to photograph the Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey Stage Show," Wertheimer says.
He was pleased, as Tommy Dorsey was one of his heroes. But then Fulchino told him that he wouldn't actually be photographing Dorsey: "I want you to photograph Elvis Presley, who's playing on Dorsey's program." He explains that there was a silence on his part before he said, "Elvis who?" Wertheimer accepted the assignment, and that was how he found himself in the same room as Elvis Presley, who was on the verge of becoming a national star.
Wertheimer's photographs show a pensive Elvis, just doing what he did: performing, spending time with his family or fans, napping, reading letters and papers,combing his hair, or listening to music. "From a photographer's point of view," he explains, "Elvis was unique in that he permitted closeness—not six to eight feet away, which was standard, but right up close, three to four feet away. He was so intensely involved with what he was doing: it was as if he were laser focused; whether he was combing his hair or chatting up the girls, he would be himself. I didn't realize how unique that was."He thinks about it for a minute, before adding, "I put him under my microscope and studied him, only my microscope was my camera lens."This desire to document everyday habits and the details of life—to be a fly on the wall—are a long standing tradition in east coast American art. In fact, Wertheimer was taking a tried and true trope in photography—realism—and applying it to a new subject.
Realism, in Wertheimer's hands, was not about the down-and-out, but instead about the up-and-coming. The 20th century marked a turning point for art in the United States. A focus on realism and the urban were the new thing. New York City's art community in particular became enamored of realism. One influential movement of highly realistic art was created in Philadelphia in 1891 by artist Robert Henri, and included painters like John Sloan and Maurice Prendergast. This group would later be dubbed the Ash Can School of Painting, because their subject matter often depicted New York's working class neighborhoods, and some of the grittier sides of life in the big city. Their images were often dark—not just in terms of subject matter, but quite literally in terms of tone. These painters found their subjects in poverty—prostitutes and drunks, life in the tenements. Above all, their subject matter was thoroughly urban.
By the 1930s, the New York School of Photography was nascent, though it truly came of age in the 1950s. The New York School took to the streets, often with small cameras and no flash, where it would catch life un-posed. Photography became poetic, a rendering of the drama of everyday lives; the photographers were witnesses, often unnoticed by their subjects, as they quickly and quietly took their shots. The artists who made up this movement reflected America's ups and downs: the Great Depression, World War II, the post-war years, the wars in Asia, and the unrest of the 1960s and 1970s.
It was a fertile period for art. Walker Evans, Helen Levitt and Weegee were all socially conscious exponents of straight photography. Later, heavyweights like Diane Arbus, Robert Frank, and Roy DeCarava (A'40) (among many others) emerged starting in the 1950s. These artists added the vocabulary of photography to their images. This meant that the very components of imagery itself—grain, darkness and lightness, focus and frame—became as important as the subject matter. They sought out the drama of the night, shooting in low light.
"Different people come out at night," says Wertheimer, who was deeply influenced by both the Ash Can School and the New York School. So he turned day into night, sleeping through the days, to start wandering and shooting at night. By the same token, though, the attention he paid to the denizens of the night brought them up as subjects of study, shining a symbolic light onto their activities. In effect, by turning day into night, Wertheimer also turned night into day.
The 20th century was a seminal time for music as well as art, and Elvis changed everything by bridging many different worlds. Leonard Bernstein once said that Elvis was the greatest social force of the century. "It's a whole new social revolution," he said. "The 60s come from it." Elvis was a southern boy, raised by poor parents, who genuinely loved the blues music that he grew up with. He was able to bring what had customarily been black music to a white audience, by bringing the blues into mainstream rock 'n' roll, transforming both forever. Elvis not only challenged America's conservatism in terms of race, but in terms of sexuality. Many people disparaged Elvis' highly sexualized act, as reviews in the New York Times and the Daily News showed. Ed Sullivan at first completely refused to have him on his show on CBS, until high ratings made him change his mind. Some, like Steve Allen on his NBCshow, tried to make Elvis tone the act down. No matter how much ire there was against Elvis, one thing was certain, young people—and particularly the girls—loved Elvis.
Perhaps they responded to the pulse of his rockabilly hits, or perhaps it was to his performances. But, first and foremost, he was an amazing artist, a talented singer who emoted genuinely. Wertheimer is convinced that what made Elvis different was the pure, raw emotion. "Elvis made the girls cry," he explains. "This is not an easy task, especially with teenagers. To make them cry, that's a talent that only somebody who was getting deep into their psyche would be able to get."
Allof these ingredients can be found in Wertheimer'sphotos of Elvis.His photographs are witness to an incredible time in the history of photography, as well as to the birth of a star and new chapter in the history of music. He coined the term "available darkness" photography, to explain his philosophy that the darker the place, the easier to capture a person's real nature. He used this technique to portray Elvis in a way that nobody did afterwards. And he was there for the performances that won the heart of America. Elvis was conscripted into the military in 1958, and Wertheimer was there to photograph him as he shipped out to Germany. After this, he never saw Elvis alive again. It wasn't until almost 20 years later, upon the death of Elvis in 1977, that there would be a sudden surge in demand for Wertheimer's photographs from this era.
Wertheimer's life didn't stop with Elvis. He continued to freelance. Eleanor Roosevelt and Nina Simone were among the other people he subsequently photographed. He also spent a great deal of time as a cameraman for well-known programs like Granada's The World in Action, and Mike Wadleigh's film Woodstock.
"You have all these experiences," says Wertheimer, "and it becomes part of the collective memory. It takes a while to realize that your perspective is an important ingredient." Alfred Wertheimer is represented by Govinda Gallery in Washington DC, Staley Wise in New York City, and Photokunst in Washington State. His work has been exhibited extensively and internationally. A Smithsonian Institution traveling exhibition of his photographs of Elvis, entitled Elvis at 21, began in January 2010, and will continue through May 2013.


Home Technology How to Start a Mobile App Development Business with Little Investment?
How to Start a Mobile App Development Business with Little Investment? There is huge mobile app business opportunity available in the market.
In the present day, most of the people love to do business and they have many choices when it comes to starting a business. Without a doubt, business is a great career option for people and it helps them to achieve their career goals. One of the most sought after and favorite business amid people across the world is mobile app development business. Mobile app development business has a lot of advantages and scope because the numbers of people using mobile apps are increasing day by day. We live in a time where mobile technology rules our world and mobile is used for different purposes not just for the intentions of communication.
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Budget is very important when you start a business. So, you have to take a look at your budget when you decide to start a mobile app development business. If you have enough budgets, you will find it easy to execute your plans and if you lack enough budgets, you should plan your business accordingly. You have to develop the best and most useful app ever to stay successful in the competitive mobile app development business.
It is always a great choice to hire professionals when you begin mobile app development business. You will certainly need the help of professional mobile app developers so as to develop mobile apps that can become most favorite and most sought after the app stores significantly. Professionals can design your app in a professional way. There is a need to hire experienced, skilled, passionate and well-informed expert mobile app developers who are capable of creating mobile apps that can attract the attention of mobile app users.
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Learn to make best use of gains and play down failures.
Make sure to give importance to feedback from your users.
Research the mobile app development market well to gain sufficient knowledge.
Know your competitors so that you can stand out in the field.
Understand your users' interests and expectations so as to create a user-centric app.
Pick up the right tools and resources to stand out.
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Q: User Input Validation, enforcing a string containing only letters Im trying to make a user input validation system within one of my methods... its working fine to a cetain extent, but despite the code, its still allowing for integers as valid input, which i dont want it to be, how can i alter this code, to ONLY allow letters(strings) as valid input. im baffled at this point, i tried this system for with integers and it works flawlessly but with letters, no avail.
Insight?
public class Player {

    private static String userName;
    private Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
    private boolean validInput = false;

    public void createUser(){

        do {
        System.out.println("Please enter you name : ");
                if(scan.hasNextLine()){
                    userName = scan.nextLine();
                    validInput = true;
                } else {
                    System.out.println("You can only use letters!");
                    validInput = false;
                    scan.next();
                }
    } while (!(validInput));
        System.out.println(getUser());
    }
    static void setUser(String userName){
        Player.userName = userName;
    }
    String getUser(){
        return userName;
    }

}

A: Replace
            if(scan.hasNextLine()){

with
            if(scan.hasNext("\\p{Alpha}*")){

If you use hasNextLine the scanner merely checks if it has anything up next, not particularly for letters or anything else.
When you use a regular expression, in this case p{Alpha}* which means "zero or more letters" (but scanner will look for at least one character that is not whitespace, so it's actually "1 or more letters"), the scanner behaves much like it does when you do the same with hasNextInt() (which is looking for digits).
Note that it will only accept letters in the US-ASCII range, so no accents or Norse letters or anything like that, just a-zA-Z.
Also, read the username with scan.next(), not nextLine() - though you may want to call nextLine() later to clean the rest of the line. If you use nextLine() to read the username, there might be something after the letters which is not a letter, and it will be read by nextLine().

A: add a method to your code to actually scan for numbers...
something like this:
private boolean containsNumbers(String name) {
    char[] chars = name.toCharArray();
    for (char c : chars) {
        if (c > 47 && c < 58) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

A: Try something like"
if (!userName.matches(".*\\d+.*")) {
    System.out.println("Only strings no numbers");
}

A: I will take the code from Ubica. You can do it also like this. It is readable:
private boolean containsNumbers(String name) {
    char[] chars = name.toCharArray();
    for (char c : chars) {
        if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

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Anna Netrebko as Aida and Anita Rachvelishvili as Amneris in Verdi's "Aida." Photo: Marty Sohl/Met Opera
In a highlight of the season, soprano Anna Netrebko sings her first Met Aida, going toe-to-toe with mezzo-soprano Anita Rachvelishvili as Amneris. The cast also features Aleksandrs Antonenko as the warrior Radamès.
This grandest of grand operas features an epic backdrop for what is in essence an intimate love story. Set in ancient Egypt and packed with magnificent choruses, complex ensembles, and elaborate ballets, Aida never loses sight of its three protagonists.
The libretto indicates merely that the opera takes place in "ancient Egypt, in the time of the pharaohs." This may sound vague, but it was a clear direction to approach the drama as myth rather than anthropology or history. The score of Aida is a sophisticated example of Italian Romanticism, imbued with a convincingly mysterious and exotic hue.
Performance from October 6, 2018.
Conductor: Nicola Luisotti
Aida: Anna Netrebko
Amneris: Anita Rachvelishvili
Radamès: Aleksandrs Antonenko
Amonasro: Quinn Kelsey
Ramfis: Dmitry Belosselskiy
The King: Ryan Speedo Green
Start time: 10:00am on Capital Public Radio.
Click in the "LINKS" area for more information about "Aida."
The next and final opera of the season, and the final opera in cinemas for this season, will be "Dialogues des Carmélites" by Francis Poulenc on May 11th. New Met Opera Music Director Yannick Nézet-Séguin conducts.
More about 'Aida' on the Met Opera website.

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As such, just try saying MMT without saying 'Mmm'!
Clearly MMT, which has actually been around for decades, is currently a hot topic at the highest levels. However, even a cursory glance above shows that it is not something there is any agreement over. By contrast, it's divisive and very controversial.
One can also see that public interest in MMT is spiking too. Google Trends interest over time in "Modern Monetary Theory" has shot up since the end of 2018 (see Figure 1) despite it being an obscure, dry, theoretical--and yet controversial-- economic-policy framework.
That is arguably the case in the US because MMT is now politically linked to US Democratic Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's "Green New Deal", with its multi-trillion USD price-tag and radically transformative agenda.
We can agree interest in MMT is picking up, and not everyone likes it, but what exactly is it?
So let's start with some basics of what MMT believes before proceeding any further. As we shall see, the premises of MMT are very simple – but the implications for policy and for markets are staggering.
For example, if a major war were to break out tomorrow, governments would immediately run very large budget deficits without worrying about how to finance them via taxation first. History shows this to be the case. So the issue is then political: what constitutes an emergency that society should focus its resources on?
Of course, this is highly controversial in an age defined by worries over high public debt levels and a push for 'prudence' and austerity; and readers who pay taxes will not be happy with the idea that these are destroyed rather than spent!
So is MMT a "magic money tree"? No. MMT is more nuanced than that. For example, it recognizes that there are indeed limitations to what a government can do fiscally.
Primary is a real resource constraint: if there is no spare capacity in the economy, or the materials the government wishes to procure do not exist, fiscal sovereignty is an illusion. A poor country with no natural resources or industry and with an uneducated population cannot simply print money to build infrastructure or good universities. However, if a developed economy is suffering from high unemployment and/or a low level of capacity utilisation the same argument clearly does not apply.
MMT also recognises there is another limit to the government's ability to finance itself: inflation. MMT fully recognises inflation is not desirable above a certain level and once self-financed fiscal stimulus exceeds what the real economy can supply such spending would have to be cut back to avoid damaging wage-price spirals – or taxation would have to increase.
Even so, from a traditional economic point of view there are still many obvious criticisms of MMT.
First, is the argument that governments cannot create money because true money is exogenous: the public being able to conjure up money is 'voodoo'. Anyone believing there is no such thing as a free lunch has a powerful gut reaction to MMT.
Although we use the word 'Modern' in MMT, this is a very old debate. Plato argued money was a representation of value rather than real, while Aristotle countered money should be a real commodity itself. In our age of fiat currencies, credit cards, and now digital currencies, economics textbooks still teach the history of money as being barter > gold > credit. In other words, we are Platonic but like to think we are still Aristotelian.
By contrast, MMT is based on chartalists such as Knapp (1925), Lerner (1943), who argue money is always a political construct. Polanyi (1944) and Graeber (2011) also demonstrate the actual historical record of money is chartalist: there was never a transition barter > gold > credit; with the exception of the gold standard (18151931) the norm across human societies has been to start with local credit, rarely repaid, in order to keep the economy moving. That is a tradition which MMT builds on.
That is also a red pill/blue pill moment for many!
Second is the argument that MMT is simply "Keynesian" fiscal stimulus via bond issuance renamed, already a well-established theory even if has become politically unacceptable in many countries obsessed with austerity. However, the 'taxation is not needed' argument takes us well beyond simple Keynesian fiscal multipliers.
MMT notably also does not believe in the 'loanable funds' view that bank loans require savings first, and that banks intermediate between savers and borrowers rather than creating money (in the form of debt) when they make loans de novo. Notably, while economics textbooks still teach loanable funds, the Bank of England admits this is not how money creation and banking operates – it is de novo; MMT then posits the government has greater powers of money creation than banks in this regard given public liquidity does not require a liability to be created at the same time. If a bond is issued under Keynesian theory then a liability and an asset are created; but that bond can be bought by the central bank with electronically 'printed' money and the liability de facto removed under MMT. Just think of the trillions of USD of QE injected by central banks, which is now NOT to be reversed by QT.
Yet that leads to the third criticism, the government is not the actor that would finance itself: that role falls to the central bank. Naturally, central bank independence would have to end under MMT. While a dual inflation and fullemployment mandate already exists at key central banks such as the Fed, and inflation-targeting might still be built into a new MMT policy framework, clearly the central bank would be primarily focused on aggregate demand by providing blank cheques to government spending, not CPI.
Fourth, and a crucial corollary, interest rates become largely irrelevant under MMT. The cost of money would not matter as much as the quantity of money (i.e., the supply of funds into the real economy fiscally). Indeed, MMT suggests that interest rates should be set to zero. If not, mixed fiscal-monetary targets would prove confusing.
Yet a fifth issue then emerges: how would the government yield curve respond under MMT? The curve would start very low and flat. However, what if MMT succeeds in achieving inflation? Bond yields would rise – and could the government then cover higher debt-servicing costs if the resources/inflation threshold has been successfully breached, meaning MMT must be 'turned off'? If so, the economy would lurch back into recession again – necessitating more MMT!
Or would we instead need to see bond yields capped – as in Japan today under their policy of Yield Curve Control (YCC)? If so, that would likely destroy a real market for benchmark government bonds.
Of course, the government yield curve is not the only one that matters. How would the corporate bond market respond to this kind of MMT environment? Would the state have to step in and cap private-sector bond yields too? And what about asset prices such as property? What would be done there?
There are also other issues. Consider that a key part of MMT is a commonly-linked policy of funds being used for a public Employer of Last Resort or Jobs Guarantee programme to generate non-inflationary full employment. That is certainly part of the proposed US Green New Deal, for example.
The issues here should be obvious. While the Phillips curve is broken under our present global model that strengthens capital vis-à-vis labour bargaining power, under MMT it would rapidly return. Wage inflation would then rise again – and all of the interest rate/yield curve issues mentioned above would arise with it.
At the same time, as the government plays a larger role in the economy, as in the proposed Green New Deal, it risks genuinely crowding out the private sector, not from a financing perspective but in physical terms. Even if the state is merely financing private firms to do the required work, in infrastructure, for example, elements of political direction would no doubt still occur over time.
Clearly, the overarching question that needs to be answered is what kind of institutional architecture can be created for MMT to work through the economic cycle without warping markets (further than QE already has)? How can one ensure that fiscal taps are turned off once inflation appears, and that the state does not distort both the real economy and financial markets? Fiscal policy has far longer lag times than interest rates, for example: would it really be more efficient to build half a bridge and then stop because inflation rose too fast?
In short, this would require an entirely new political economy that remains elusive in its definition if not in its ambition: that has been clear since Lerner (1943) and Kalecki (1943). Yet as shown, that utopian new institutional framework could produce its own instability even as it cures our present New Normal.
While this is a strong theoretical rebuttal of MMT, interest rates in Japan and Europe are nonetheless already negative, and in other economies the drift towards 'Japan-ification' seems inexorable. In short, we seem to be heading in the direction for an MMT starting base (zero rates) whether we like it or not. Once the US Fed starts cutting interest rates again, that dynamic will become even more obvious. This is no surprise to MMT: Kalecki (1943) recognised giving capital too much power relative to labour would ultimately lead to such outcomes decades ago.
For MMT sceptics consider that the BoJ, despite its denials of using such a policy, already holds around 43% of the JGB market and effectively finances Japan's permanent, large fiscal deficits. Likewise, the Chinese economy is a quasi-MMT experiment given its quantitynot-price fiscal-monetary policy mix has been responsible for much of its growth since 2008 (e.g., Chinese total social financing was 9% of GDP in Q1 2019).
At the same time, there is a broadening consensus that even extraordinary central-bank monetary policy has done all it can do and more fiscal measures will be required going forwards.
In turn, that is linked to growing concern that our current socio-economic paradigm is unsustainable. Such a pessimistic view was also stated at Davos in January; hedge-fund manager Ray Dalio has argued US capitalism is structurally broken and its wealth and income inequality is a "national emergency"; and the OECD states "Today the middle class looks increasingly like a boat in rocky waters. Governments must listen to people's concerns and protect and promote middle class living standards," arguing in favour of significant fiscal expansion despite zero rates and high debt levels.
In short, all these paths seem to lead us back towards MMT one way or another, politically, even if there is a refusal to accept the broader implications and assumptions of that framework.
Of course, there is one other huge issue to address: external restraints.
If we were to see a larger MMT-financed public-sector deficit this would suggest that there will be a current account deficit too. That is because of the following known identity: Current account balance = Public-sector balance + Private-sector balance.
It is possible a large public-sector deficit could see the private sector run an offsetting surplus as profits and wages rise rapidly – as MMT sectoral balances imply. However, at the microeconomic level that implies the need for protectionist policies to keep the benefits of extra domestic liquidity at home, e.g., tariffs, subsidies, or non-tariff barriers - just as we see in China today. Without that, MMT leans towards larger current-account deficits.
Crucially, current-account deficits represent the kind of resource constraint that limits MMT. The US, with its "exorbitant privilege" of the USD as global reserve currency, would be able to use MMT to expand its fiscal deficit: it can borrow in its own currency; and MMT would see it importing more from other countries who would need to hold USD reserves as a result.
Yet smaller economies/emerging markets could not use MMT without being punished by financial markets. Their current-account deficits would have to covered with foreign borrowing, and the more MMT they used, the more their currency would weaken. Recent volatility in the Turkish currency after a period of fiscal stimulus and external borrowing, absent MMT, shows the dangers.
Crucially, the only way to avoid such risks would be to run a private-sector surplus resulting in a currentaccount surplus. Consequently, in a global downturn requiring MMT smaller economies would have to choose between no MMT; using MMT and protectionism; or coming under the wing of currency blocks who can run MMT. Notably, that was a development we saw in the 1930s when global trade fragmented into gold, Sterling, Nazi, Communist, and Yen blocks.
As such, MMT appears to offer a painless way to address inequality within the US economy, but it could reinforce an international pecking-order of winners and losers, worsen global inequality, and break-up global trade.
Indeed, MMT could even cause the USD to lose its "privilege" over time, which would again risk fragmenting global markets. That is unlikely, at least near-term given the lack of any credible USD alternatives, but it remains a longer-term risk one cannot ignore lightly.
Indeed, Japan and China are already heading down the MMT road, even if they deny it; the inability of central banks to reverse QE via QT suggests the same underlying dynamic; and once the Fed starts cutting, the volume of these discussions will only increase further.
Of course, the rise of global political populism is likely to accelerate that development given MMT promises easy answers to complex socio-economic problems.
Certainly, when looked at in detail MMT is not the simplistic 'free money' argument that some of its critics present it as, and arguably contains some fresh, if old, economic thinking that could provide some solutions to some of our structural problems. At the very least, an MMT critique of our current paradigm is a useful staring base for everyone.
However, it can also be seen that MMT could create as many problems as it solves when dealing with our New Normal. From increasing market volatility to destroying functioning bond markets; and from revolutionising our entire political economy to potentially shattering world trade, the risks are there to be seen if one looks carefully enough.
MMT is arguably not something to be dismissed out of hand; but neither is it something to be embraced without question.
Indeed, just try saying MMT without saying 'Mmm'!


text:
Welcome to the Bigelow PTO!
The Bigelow PTO is the parent-teacher organization of the Bigelow Middle School. All Bigelow parents, guardians, teachers and staff are members of the PTO, and we encourage the participation of all in its activities. There are approximately 500 students and over 450 families at Bigelow – one of the four middle schools in Newton, MA.
We are dedicated to provide support and information to the parent community and promote the core values of the Bigelow Middle School by supporting an environment wherein they will develop respect for self and others, a sense of responsibility for oneself and the community, and a love of learning.
The Bigelow PTO is a volunteer organization and the Board Members are elected every year. Click HERE to see a list of current PTO Board Members.
In order to fulfill its purposes, the Bigelow PTO promotes community, social, cultural, educational and fundraising activities throughout the year, including:
Back to School Picnic (September)
6th Grade Potluck (September)
Ten Tables: Bigelow Fall Social (November)
Big Night (March)
Bake sales (November and June)
Teacher Appreciation Luncheon (February) and Tea (May)
Social events, such as Restaurant Night, Ice Skating, etc.
Funds raised by the PTO (thanks to member's dues, events and donations) support Bigelow performing arts, technology, literature, cultural events and lots more for our children and the school, including:
Creative Arts and Sciences (CASC)
One Book, One School Program
Purchase of school items and equipment (Arts, Gym, Performing Arts, Technology, etc.)
Speaker Fees
Gardening of School Grounds
Graduation/Year-end activities
Teacher & Staff Support
Bigelow PTO Family Directory
Support to school programs (such as Boost, Keystone, ADL, etc.)
We invite you to be an active member of our community by participating in our activities. Volunteering is a great way to meet other parents and build school community. There are many opportunities to get involved. Check out how to volunteer.
The purpose of the PTO
As stated in our By-Laws and incorporated herein by reference, the purpose of the Bigelow PTO is to:
promote the educational, intellectual, social, emotional and physical growth of the Bigelow Middle School students and support the efforts of the staff in providing an optimal educational experience for students;
promote the core values of the Bigelow Middle School by supporting an environment wherein they will develop respect for self and others, a sense of responsibility for oneself and community, and a love of learning;
encourage cooperation, collaboration and communication between staff and parents and serve as a medium of contact between home and school;
provide support and information to the parent community, i.e., keeping them abreast of city- and state-wide educational issues and social issues of the middle-school-age child.
Bigelow PTO encourages the participation of all Bigelow Middle School faculty, staff, parents and students in its activities.
To read the full text of PTO by-laws: Bigelow PTO By-Laws
Communication and contact
The PTO keeps families up-to-date with what is going on in the school and in the community. The main form of communication between the PTO and your family is through e-mail.
We send Bigelow PTO Notes every Sunday evening. This weekly newsletter will provide you with important dates, details on activities/club sign ups, PTO functions, school events, information on ways to get involved and other pertinent information needed to navigate the school year.
The PTO also sends Community Notes, prepared by the Newton PTO Council, on Wednesdays, as a service to our community.
If you are not yet receiving emails from the PTO, please click here to sign up for the email list.
As for August 2018, the PTO has a Facebook page.
Check out all the other ways you can keep up to date with the happenings at Bigelow.
To contact the PTO, please send an email to bigelowbulldog@gmail.com
Bigelow Middle School (Bigelow's website)
@BulldogWoofs (Bigelow's Tweeter)
Bigelow Morning Announcements (What is announced to the students in school every morning)


text:
Here are eco-friendly alternatives to make your parties shine
No glamor at Christmas. This is the decision that many schools in the UK have made to educate children about environmental conservation. In fact, the "classic" chips are made of microplastics that pollute the oceans. The good news? There are greener alternatives.
In décor, make-up, or in clothes… Sequins put the stars in our eyes. But the flip side of the coin is that it is made up of microplastic particles (less than 5 millimeters in diameter) that are not biodegradable. Its microscopic size passes through the filters of sewage treatment plants and the flakes flow in waves in the seas and oceans.
So sequins are added to the Long list of plastic particles, which would represent 85% of the more than 8 million tons dumped each year in the oceans. If there isn't an exact number to quantify the microplastics from the glitter that ends up in the oceans, these ephemeral and colorful accessories should be a subject of awareness, or even a ban, according to the anthropologist. Tricia Farrelly, who fired a countryside on this in 2017.
By that time, British schools had already ruled: nineteen British kindergartens removed the sparkle from their Christmas creative workshops. The goal is to make the general public aware that some everyday products contribute to marine water pollution.
What are the environmental alternatives?
If you still want your Christmas table to shine brightly and you haven't finished the purchases yet, know that there are alternatives. Several labels have embarked on the design of biodegradable chips, such as the English brand Bioglitter, which has reached about a dozen European countries (including France). Launched in 2010, the company designs its vegan gloss that takes nearly 100 days to dissolve. another british brand, Echo glitter art, offers chips made of compostable film.
READ Tesla is cutting prices for the Model 3 and Model Y, and is now starting at less than $ 37,000
If you want to reduce your carbon footprint associated with transportation, you can also turn to French brands such as If, if the luminosity Or Paris Glitter, which makes glitter from renewable vegetable cellulose.
A test to make your holiday season shine!
(ETX Daily Up)
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Hilton Worldwide announced the opening of its first DoubleTree by Hilton property in Phuket, Thailand. The 250-room DoubleTree Resort by Hilton - Surin Beach is located on the west coast of the island on Surin Beach, which is approximately 24 kilometers from Phuket International Airport.
"Hilton Worldwide has been in Thailand since 1983 and we currently operate six hotels in key destinations including Bangkok, Pattaya, Koh Samui, Hua Hin and Phuket. Thailand is a key focus market for us due to its enormous potential for growth and as we continue to expand our footprint here, the DoubleTree Resort by Hilton - Surin Beach marks the entry of one of our fastest growing brands, DoubleTree by Hilton, into Thailand," said Martin Rinck, president, Asia Pacific, Hilton Worldwide.
Formerly the Courtyard by Marriott, the rebranded, four-story DoubleTree Resort by Hilton, Phuket - Surin Beach sits strategically between Phuket International Airport and Patong, the island's popular tourist center. The resort offers over 80 suites and has three food and beverage outlets which include Asia Alive, an all-day dining restaurant, The Boardwalk, a pool bar serving snacks, and a food and beverage retail outlet, The Food Store. There will also be four meetings rooms as well as a business center, fitness club, outdoor lagoon-style pools, water slides and a kids club.
The DoubleTree Resort by Hilton Phuket - Surin Beach will have all the qualities currently found at the brand's more than 310 DoubleTree by Hilton locations in 23 countries around the world, including the warm welcome of the brand's legendary chocolate chip cookie presented to every guest at check-in; an array of upscale amenities and guest services; the rewards of the Hilton HHonors guest loyalty program; and a unique and caring team commitment to giving back to the local community.
Phuket is one of Asia's leading leisure destinations and is famous for its white sandy beaches, pristine waters, inland mountains and renowned Thai hospitality. The island has been a well established destination for over 30 years and continues to grow at a strong rate. Surin is situated on the west coast of Phuket and is one of the most sought-after destinations in Phuket due to its fine white sandy beaches and turquoise water. Surin Beach is popular with both tourists and Thais for its large selection of beach restaurants ranging from the popular Catch Beach Club to local beachside restaurants.
Hilton Worldwide currently manages six properties in Thailand including Conrad Bangkok, Millennium Hilton Bangkok, Hilton Pattaya, Hilton Phuket Arcadia Resort and Spa, Hilton Hua Hin Resort and Spa and Conrad Koh Samui, and will open Hilton Sukhumvit Bangkok and DoubleTree by Hilton, Sukhumvit Bangkok in 2013.


16:54:53 <bnoordhuis> caitp: you added spread params support, didn't you? could it be it's not very optimized right now?
16:56:34 <bnoordhuis> if i follow the logic right, it always does a flatten pass over the remaining arguments?
16:56:44 <bnoordhuis> or is there a shortcut for when there's only a single ...args?
16:58:13 <caitp> are we talking about rest or spread?
16:59:14 <bnoordhuis> is the code in src/js/spread.js called for rest params?
17:13:15 <caitp> so is the reason to avoid using it because of perf impact on real allocation?
17:16:37 <caitp> so, how measurable is the impact, and how was this determined?


John F. Katz is a freelance automotive journalist and historian. He is a regular contributor to Performance & Hotrod Business as well as other automotive industry publications. He lives and works in south-central Pennsylvania.
Your oil is changing, whether you change it or not.
But there's more to the story than that—much more. Due primarily to environmental and fuel-conservation concerns, the oils consumers can buy are changing rapidly in character and content. And just as rapidly, the oil market is diversifying, developing more, and more specialized, products for more narrow and specific applications.
Several of our experts point to a new set of API specifications that are due for industry review in 2017. Chris Barker of Royal Purple LLC in Porter, Texas, believes these are likely to result in "A and B versions" of each new service grade—one optimized for fuel efficiency in the latest engines, and the other backward-compatible with older vehicles.
Speed heartily agrees; in fact, he sees this as just the beginning of a totally fragmented market.
"We already know from experience that today's off-the-shelf motor oils do not work well in older engines, particularly in engines from before 1986, flat-tappet engines and any kind of performance engine based on that architecture. But the day is coming when there will be oils on the shelf for a specific make, model and year of vehicle. And that's it, that's all they will be good for. GM already has their own oil spec called dexos," which the automaker licenses to oil manufacturers. "In Europe, Ford has a single oil that's approved for their three-cylinder, turbocharged direct-injection engine. Such manufacturer-approved oils are becoming more common in Europe and Japan—and we're going to see this becoming more common in the U.S. as well.
That situation may actually provide opportunities for independent retailers to sell more specialized products, as we'll see later. First, let's review the latest news from the industry. We'll attempt to separate fact from fiction regarding synthetic oils. Then we'll look beyond the engine and ask our experts about oils for high-performance transmissions and rear ends—including best practices for break-in and maintenance.
Certainly, the industry trend is toward lighter-weight oils. Mark Negast, technical director of Lucas Oil Products Inc. in Corona, Calif., notes how, as recently as April 2013, industry standard SAE J300 was revised to introduce SAE 16-grade engine oil.
Kinematic viscosity is set at 6.1-8.2 mm2/s at 100 degrees, and a minimum high-temperature/high shear (HTHS) rating of 2.3 cps is required.
The new SAE 16 specification will serve as an even lighter alternative to SAE 20.
Dedolph also outlines the coming changes in engine oil for diesels.
Two-cycle engines have few, if any, applications in the hot rod world, but we suspect that at least a few hot rodders may also enjoy a dirt bike, ATV or personal watercraft.
"Direct injection systems have helped minimize emissions," says Negast, "but regulations are being introduced to eliminate personal watercraft with carburetors from national parks." Meanwhile, the industry is introducing biodegradable two-cycle oils, which will undoubtedly become more prevalent as Federal mandates require them.
What Makes an Oil Synthetic?
According to Barker, the most important fact to remember regarding synthetic oil is that "synthetic does not imply quality." Thirty years of marketing has successfully associated synthetic oil with the best protection available; while 30 years of industrial bean counting has blurred the distinction between synthetics and their conventional counterparts.
To understand the distinction at all, it's helpful to know something about base stocks. API—the American Petroleum Institute—groups base stock oils according to sulfur content, viscosity and other chemical characteristics. Groups I, II, and III are mineral oils (that is, they come out of the ground), with Group I being the least refined and Group III the most. Group IV oils are synthesized from polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and Group V oils are synthesized from esters.
It also helps to know that, according to Tyger, the legal definition of a synthetic was changed some years back. Originally a full synthetic oil was legally defined as one manufactured predominantly from esters and PAOs. (Synthetics have always contained a small amount of mineral oil, between 2 and 7 percent, to dissolve the additive package.) Under current law, however, a blend of Group III stocks and PAOs, or even an oil refined from Group III stocks alone but meeting certain performance criteria, can call itself synthetic.
A common belief is that synthetic oils can exacerbate or even cause leaks in older engines. In fact, PAOs tend to shrink the elastomers often used in oil seals—but esters tend to swell them.
Speed predicts that gear lubes will diversify as quickly as engine oils, as "friction losses in transmissions are one of the major areas the OEMs are investigating" in order to achieve federally mandated fuel economy averages.
Even with today's lubricants, it's important to know that a transmission and rear end should not be using the same oil.
The issue becomes more complicated when the transmission and differential share the same case—and therefore the same lubricant. Replacing traditional brass or bronze synchronizers with a carbon or ceramic material helps them operate in the same environment as the differential—but again complicates the choice of lubricant.
Regarding drain intervals for transmissions and rear ends, our experts agree that the manufacturer's recommendation is a good place to start: With a vehicle modified for performance, you know you're going to have to change the lube more frequently.
Dedolph recommends changing transmission fluid based on regular inspection.
Which brings us to the subject of a break-in procedure for transmissions and rear ends.
As mentioned earlier, diversification may actually enhance sales opportunities for independent retailers.
Barker also emphasizes the value of in-person sales.
Sell product based on facts, Negast says.
"The industry recognizes the need to educate," Speed concludes. "There will be more technical seminars, more webinars and other after-hours training events. Over the past four years we've conducted 20 live, in-person training events with Engine Performance Warehouse, which is one of our major distributors. We tell them about the issues that are coming down the road.
Much of what has been written about oil lately in the performance trade press has focused on "zinc"—in reality zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP), which are compounds of zinc and dithiophosphoric acid.
As we reported in our November 2013 issue, the zinc in ZDDP is particularly effective at preventing wear between an aggressive cam and the flat face of a non-roller lifter. So even mainstream oil brands responded to the mid-'60s muscle-car boom by boosting concentrations of ZDDP.
But zinc doesn't actually dissolve in oil; that's why you need the DDP part, a phosphoric acid to dissolve the zinc. And phosphorous significantly shortens the life of catalytic converters, which, by the late 1970s, had become critical to meeting Federal emission standards.
ZDDP levels in most consumer oils peaked at around 0.14 percent in the 1990s, by which time the automakers were getting hammered by warranty claims on dead or dying cat converters. API responded by reducing the percentage of phosphorous—and hence zinc—as it released new service grades.
Current API SN-grade oils are limited to 0.08 percent phosphorous by weight, or 800 parts per million (ppm).
Still not everyone agrees about the severity of the situation.
Just remember that API ratings apply only to factory-stock vehicles.
Furthermore, new oils present additional challenges.
In fact, all of the companies we contacted offer oils specifically engineered for historic and/or modified engines: Brad Penn Penn-Grade1; Champion Classic & Muscle; Driven Hot Rod Oil; Lucas Oil Hot Rod & Classic Car; Royal Purple High Performance Street; and Red Line Synthetic.
Meanwhile, the mainstream oil industry is investigating more environmentally friendly anti-wear alternatives.


text:
Fergie Talks Co-Parenting With Ex Josh Duhamel
Fergie Gets Emotional Talking About Co-Parenting With Her Ex Josh Duhamel
The singer admits she still loves the father of her child.
By Eileen Reslen Published: Oct 25, 2017
When you ask Fergie how she's doing these days, it's kind of a loaded question. The singer has been making the talk show rounds to promote her new album Double Dutchess just one month after announcing her separation from Josh Duhamel, and she has had to fight back the tears when interviewers bring up the subject.
"I'm good — you know, as good as you can be with a separation," she said on The Talk Tuesday. "The good thing is we don't lose each other as parents."
Fergie and Duhamel began dating September 2004, were married in January 2009, and have a 4-year-old son named Axl together.
But although the status of their relationship has recently changed, Fergie insists that life is not that different for her and Duhamel. "Everything basically is staying the same except for we're not a romantic couple anymore," Fergie said, her voice cracking. "I love Josh," she added.
Fergie and Josh Duhamel in 2013.
The 42-year-old, still visibly affected by the breakup, said she remains focused on creating a healthy co-parenting environment for their child. "We are just making it happen," she explained. "We've got Axl and we are working parents."
Fergie and her son Axel, 4.
Follow Redbook on Facebook.
Eileen Reslen
I'm Eileen, the digital news reporter at Hearst Digital Media. As a member of the newsroom, I report on a wide range of news, including entertainment, politics and lifestyle. I also cover red carpet events for over 20 of Hearst's magazine brands. I previously held positions at CNN, Facebook and MTV, where I worked as a digital producer, writer and on-camera host. Fun facts: I'm fluent in Spanish, a BU alum, and love fashion and travel.
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Distance Split Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux
The Juiciest Celeb Love Triangles of All Time
Julie Bowen Separates From Husband of 13 Years
Gwyneth Paltrow: "Chris Martin Is Like a Brother"


text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using UnityEngine;

namespace Endless2DTerrain
{

    public class VertexGenerator
    {

        public Settings settings { get; set; }

        public VertexGenerator(Settings s)
        {
            TerrainRules = s.Rules;
            settings = s;
            if (TerrainRules == null || TerrainRules.Count == 0)
            {
                throw new System.Exception("Terrain rules required to generate vertices");
            }

            //Move to the first rule
            CurrentTerrainRule = TerrainRules[0];

            //Initialize some other values
            RuleStartLocation = 0;
            CurrentLocation = 0;
            TotalDistanceTraveled = 0;

            LoopRules = true;
        }

        //Our terrain generation rules
        public TerrainRule CurrentTerrainRule { get; set; }
        public List<TerrainRule> TerrainRules { get; set; }

        //If this is true, when we reach the end of the last rule in the list start over with the first
        public bool LoopRules { get; set; }

        //Track where we currently are, how far we have traveled overall, and how far since the beginning of this rule so we know when to
        //break to the next rule
        public float CurrentLocation { get; set; }
        public float RuleStartLocation { get; set; }

        public float TotalDistanceTraveled { get; set; }
        public float DistanceTraveledSinceRuleStart
        {
            get
            {
                return TotalDistanceTraveled - RuleStartLocation;
            }
        }

        //For repeated generation...need to know if we want to start the next curve at the bottom or the top
        private bool RepeatingPointsAtTop { get; set; }

        //Determine if we should move to the next rule or not
        public bool MoveToNextTerrainRule()
        {
            if (CurrentTerrainRule == null)
            {
                return false;
            }

            if (CurrentTerrainRule.SelectedTerrainLength == TerrainRule.TerrainLength.Fixed)
            {
                if (DistanceTraveledSinceRuleStart > CurrentTerrainRule.RuleLength)
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        //Need to track this here, because we may have moved on to the next rule (in key vert generation) before this is used (in calc vert generation)
        private float CalculatedVertexSpacing { get; set; }

        //Move directly to a given rule
        public void MoveToRuleAtIndex(int index)
        {
            //Make sure we have a valid index
            if (index > (TerrainRules.Count -1) || index < 0){
                return;
            }
            CurrentTerrainRule = TerrainRules[index];
            RuleStartLocation = CurrentLocation;
            RepeatingPointsAtTop = false;
        }

        //Decide which terrain rule to apply
        public void UpdateTerrainRule()
        {
            if (MoveToNextTerrainRule())
            {
                //If we reach the end but we are looping rules, go back to the first one
                TerrainRule lastTerrainRule = TerrainRules[TerrainRules.Count - 1];
                if (CurrentTerrainRule == lastTerrainRule)
                {
                    if (LoopRules)
                    {
                        CurrentTerrainRule = TerrainRules[0];

                        //Track where our rule is starting
                        RuleStartLocation = CurrentLocation;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CurrentTerrainRule = null;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    CurrentTerrainRule = TerrainRules[GetCurrentTerrainRuleIndex() + 1];

                    //Track where our rule is starting
                    RuleStartLocation = CurrentLocation;
                }

                //Reset this
                RepeatingPointsAtTop = false;
            }

        }

        public int GetCurrentTerrainRuleIndex()
        {
            if (CurrentTerrainRule != null)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < TerrainRules.Count; i++)
                {
                    if (TerrainRules[i] == CurrentTerrainRule)
                    {
                        return i;
                    }
                }
            }

            //Can't find it or the current terrain rule is null?
            return -1;
        }

        public List<Vector3> GenerateKeyVerticies(bool updateRepeatingPointLocation)
        {
            List<Vector3> verticies = new List<Vector3>();

            //Make sure we are on the correct rule
            UpdateTerrainRule();

            if (CurrentTerrainRule == null) { return null; }

            //Determine where we will start and end vertex generation
            float startLocation = CurrentLocation;
            float endLocation = CurrentTerrainRule.MeshLength + startLocation;

            //Loop until we've generated enough vertices to reach the desired mesh length (or we hit a new rule)
            while (CurrentLocation < endLocation && !MoveToNextTerrainRule())
            {

                float keyVertexStepSize = GetKeyVertexStepSize();

                //Random terrain generation
                if (CurrentTerrainRule.SelectedTerrainStyle == TerrainRule.TerrainStyle.Random)
                {
                    float y = GetKeyVertexRandomHeight();
                    float x = CurrentLocation + keyVertexStepSize;
                    verticies.Add(new Vector3(x, y, settings.OriginalStartPoint.z));
                }

                //Repeated terrain generation
                if (CurrentTerrainRule.SelectedTerrainStyle == TerrainRule.TerrainStyle.Repeated && updateRepeatingPointLocation)
                {

                    float yMin = CurrentTerrainRule.MinimumKeyVertexHeight;
                    float yMax = CurrentTerrainRule.MaximumKeyVertexHeight;
                    float x = CurrentLocation + keyVertexStepSize;

                    //Determine if we want to start the curve at the top or the bottom
                    if (RepeatingPointsAtTop)
                    {
                        verticies.Add(new Vector3(x, yMax, settings.OriginalStartPoint.z));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        verticies.Add(new Vector3(x, yMin, settings.OriginalStartPoint.z));
                    }

                    //Flip after every iteration
                    RepeatingPointsAtTop = !RepeatingPointsAtTop;

                }

                //Update our current location and our total distance generated
                CurrentLocation += keyVertexStepSize;
                TotalDistanceTraveled += keyVertexStepSize;

                //Don't toggle our points begin location if we are ending the mesh after this iteration.  If we ended at the stop we want to start at the top, and vice versa
                if (!(CurrentLocation < endLocation) &&
                    CurrentTerrainRule.SelectedTerrainStyle == TerrainRule.TerrainStyle.Repeated &&
                    updateRepeatingPointLocation)
                {

                    RepeatingPointsAtTop = !RepeatingPointsAtTop;
                }
            }

            //Store before switching to the next rule so calculated verts will use the proper spacing for this current rule
            CalculatedVertexSpacing = CurrentTerrainRule.CalculatedVertexSpacing;

            //Update again after we finish generating vertices, so if we are on a new rule we'll switch to the correct
            //angle immediately on the next cycle
            UpdateTerrainRule();

            return verticies;
        }

        public List<Vector3> GenerateCalculatedVertices(List<Vector3> keyVertices)
        {

            List<Vector3> allVerticies = new List<Vector3>();
            TransformHelpers th = new TransformHelpers();

            //Start by inserting after the first key point
            int insertIndex = 1;

            for (int i = 0; i < keyVertices.Count - 1; i++)
            {

                //Add the key vert
                allVerticies.Add(keyVertices[i]);

                Vector3 currentVertex = keyVertices[i];
                Vector3 nextVertex = keyVertices[i + 1];

                float x0 = currentVertex.x;
                float x1 = nextVertex.x;

                float y0 = currentVertex.y;
                float y1 = nextVertex.y;

                //How many segments between our two key points
                int totalSegments = Mathf.CeilToInt(Mathf.Ceil(x1 - x0) / CalculatedVertexSpacing);

                //The width of each of these segments
                float segmentWidth = (x1 - x0) / totalSegments;

                for (int j = 1; j < totalSegments; j++)
                {
                    float newX = x0 + j * segmentWidth;

                    //Calculate our new y value by cosine interpolation
                    float mu = (float)j / (float)totalSegments;
                    float newY = th.CosineInterpolate(y0, y1, mu);

                    Vector3 newVert = new Vector3(newX, newY, settings.OriginalStartPoint.z);
                    allVerticies.Insert(insertIndex, newVert);

                    //Move to the next calculated point
                    insertIndex += 1;
                }

                //Jump over the key point and move on to the next calculated point
                insertIndex += 1;

                if (i == keyVertices.Count - 2)
                {
                    allVerticies.Add(nextVertex);
                }
            }

            return allVerticies;
        }

        //Get a point x distance below the lowest y vertex in the set of verticies
        public List<Vector3> GenerateFlatLowerBoundVerticies(List<Vector3> topVerticies, float distanceBelowLowestYVert)
        {
            float minY = topVerticies.Select(t => t.y).Min();
            float bottomY = minY - distanceBelowLowestYVert;

            List<Vector3> lowerVerticies = new List<Vector3>();
            for (int i = 0; i < topVerticies.Count; i++)
            {
                Vector3 topVertex = topVerticies[i];
                lowerVerticies.Add(new Vector3(topVertex.x, bottomY, topVertex.z));
            }
            return lowerVerticies;
        }

        //Add the verts in a consistent way so I know the triangle generation will be the same
        public List<Vector3> GetPlaneVerticies(List<Vector3> lowerVerticies, List<Vector3> topVerticies)
        {
            List<Vector3> planeVerticies = new List<Vector3>();
            for (int i = 0; i < topVerticies.Count; i++)
            {
                planeVerticies.Add(lowerVerticies[i]);
                planeVerticies.Add(topVerticies[i]);
            }
            return planeVerticies;
        }

        public float GetKeyVertexRandomHeight()
        {
            return Random.Range(CurrentTerrainRule.MinimumKeyVertexHeight, CurrentTerrainRule.MaximumKeyVertexHeight);
        }

        public float GetKeyVertexStepSize()
        {
            float stepSize = 1;
            //Return either a fixed or random spacing step size
            if (CurrentTerrainRule.MinimumKeyVertexSpacing == CurrentTerrainRule.MaximumKeyVertexSpacing)
            {
                stepSize = CurrentTerrainRule.MinimumKeyVertexSpacing;
            }
            else
            {
                stepSize = Random.Range(CurrentTerrainRule.MinimumKeyVertexSpacing, CurrentTerrainRule.MaximumKeyVertexSpacing);
            }
            return stepSize;
        }

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


MidAtlantic Regional Women In Agriculture Conference is unique in that fact that it also offers a preconference where two separate topics in agriculture are discussed in a four hour concentrated format with case studies and local experts sharing their topic knowledge. The preconference topics to choose from for this year were Agritourism or Agriculture Law.
This is the 14th year for this conference. MidAtlantic Women in Agriculture is offered through a partnership with University of Maryland Extension, University of Delaware Extension, Delaware State University, Rutgers University and Virginia Tech. A big thank you to our sponsors and table vendors for the event including our platinum sponsor MidAtlantic Farm Credit. To find out more information about MidAtlantic Women In Agriculture, please visit their website at www.extension.umd.edu/womeninag.


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Food Lion Ranked Among Points of Light's Civic 50
Points of Light, an organization dedicated to volunteer service, recently released its Civic 50 list, highlighting companies that are examples of good corporate citizenship. Food Lion was the sole retailer on the list, which was announced at the Points of Light Conference on Volunteering and Service in Seattle, Wash.
Progressive Grocer Names Six Food Lion Leaders to 2017 "Top Women in Grocery" List
Progressive Grocer magazine has named six Food Lion leaders to its prestigious 2017 Top Women in Grocery, one of the food industry's highest honors.
Progressive Grocer's Top Women in Grocery award recognizes grocery retail leaders who demonstrate excellence in leadership daily throughout the industry, their stores and the communities where they proudly live and work. The awards honor leaders in various categories. The Food Lion "
Food Lion Feeds Launches "Summers Without Hunger" Reusable Bag Campaign June 7
This summer, Food Lion is partnering with customers in its nearly 1,100 stores to help fight summer hunger through its Food Lion Feeds Reusable Bag campaign now until June 30, or while supplies last.
Seventeenth Annual "Thriller on the Griller" Events to Benefit Military Families through Hope For The Warriors ®
Food Lion continues its support for military families by hosting its 17th annual "Thriller on the Griller" events, starting today in several North Carolina and South Carolina locations. Each event will raise funds for Hope For The Warriors, a national nonprofit dedicated to restoring a sense of self, family and hope for our veterans, service members and military families. This is the eighth year that proceeds from the event will support Hope For the Warriors.
Food Lion Announces 10 Percent MVP Discount for Active and Retired Military Personnel on Memorial Day
In honor of Memorial Day, Monday, May 29, Food Lion stores will offer a 10 percent MVP discount to active and retired military personnel to show their support and appreciation for those who are serving or have served in the United States Armed Forces.
Food Lion Feeds Celebrates National Pet Month with Two 1,000-Pound Pet Food Donations and One-Day Local Pet Food Drives
Food Lion Feeds will help its furry friends Saturday, May 20, by donating more than 2,000 pounds of pet food to local food banks and holding a one day pet food drive in two stores in Edenton, N.C., and Greensboro, N.C.
The effort, called Food Lion Feeds Pets Too," is in recognition of National Pet Month. Food Lion made the donations earlier this week to Second Harvest Food Bank of Northwest N.C. in Winston-Salem, N.C., and the Food Bank of Albemarle in Elizabeth City, N.C.
Delhaize America Ranks Among DiversityInc 2017 Top 11 Companies for Progress
Delhaize America proudly announced it is ranked 10th on the DiversityInc 2017 Top 11 Companies for Progress. DiversityInc announced the winners at diversity and inclusion's keystone event held at Cipriani Wall Street on Tuesday, May 2.
Food Lion Offers Customers Chance to Win Over 1,500 Prizes in "Summer Sizzle" Instant Win Game
Now through May 30, Food Lion customers can enter for a chance to win one of more than 1,500 prizes through its "Summer Sizzle" instant win game.
To enter, customers must:
1. Buy any five participating items using their MVP card in one transaction
2. Receive a game code via a Catalina print-out at the register
3. Activate the game code online at www.foodlion.com/summersizzle
4. Play a game for a chance to win a prize of their choice!
Food Lion Feeds Donates More than 70,000 Meals to Jump-Start Annual Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive in the Carolinas, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia
Food Lion Feeds has partnered with the National Association of Letter Carriers (NALC), the United States Postal Service (USPS) and food banks in Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, North Carolina and South Carolina to support the 25th Annual Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive. Throughout the week, Food Lion will help kick off the drive in each state by donating more than 70,000 meals total to local feeding agencies in these states.
Food Lion Hosts Second Annual "The Feedy's" Awards to Honor Local Food Banks and Associates Committed to Hunger Relief
Food Lion held its second annual "Feedy's" awards Wednesday at its corporate headquarters in Salisbury, N.C. The annual event honored food banks, community partners and Food Lion associates who share the company's commitment to ending hunger in the communities Food Lion serves and helped the company donate more than 290 million meals of its 500 million meal commitment by 2020.


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Q: realign columns in mobile I am using Bootstrap frame work and Wordpress. My site brings in two different kinds of posts
html - post type 1 - image on the right

     ... content ...

  ... image that takes up full column space ...

html - post type 2 - image on the left

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css
.row-eq-height {
position: relative;
display: flex;
min-height: 400px;
}

.row-eq-height .col-md-6,
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flex: 1;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}

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position: relative;
flex: 1;
text-align: center;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {

.section-content {
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  z-index: 10;
  right: 0; left: 0;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 25px;
}

.section-img { min-height: 400px; }

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The goal is the columns in each post overlap (content column over-top image column) when the screen is 768px. The post type 1 (image on the right) works fine. The post type 2 (image on the left) the text content goes underneath the image column.
I tried using push and pull classes with no success


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SDPD: Officers fatally shoot 15-year-old boy who pulled BB gun at Torrey Pines High School
A mother and her daughter pay their respects at a memorial of flowers that is starting to grow in front of Torrey Pines High School near where a 15-year-old 9th grader at the school was shot and killed by San Diego Police officers early Saturday morning.
(Howard Lipin/San Diego Union-Tribune)
By Kristina Davis and Dana Littlefield
Two San Diego police officers shot and killed a 15-year-old boy who pointed what turned out to be a BB gun at one of them as he stood in front of Torrey Pines High School early Saturday, May 6, police said.
Police officials are declining to name the boy because he was a juvenile. The teen was a freshman at the Carmel Valley school and lived in the neighborhood.
Police received a 911 call at 3:27 a.m. asking for a welfare check, said police homicide Lt. Mike Holden. The caller said there was a kid in front of the school who someone should probably check on and stated the person was not armed, the lieutenant said.
Police believe the caller was the boy himself, Holden said.
The two officers arrived at the school on Del Mar Heights Road about the same time and saw the teen. As they got out of their patrol cars to speak with him, he "pulled a handgun that was concealed in his waistband and pointed it at one of the officers," Holden said.
Both officers drew their weapons and told the boy to drop the gun, but he continued to point the gun and walk toward the one officer, Holden said.
The teen ignored additional commands, and the officers, fearing for their safety, both fired, the lieutenant said.
The teen was struck several times.
The officers immediately began life-saving measures, and the boy was taken to Scripps Memorial Hospital in La Jolla, where he died, Holden said.
The boy's gun remained at the scene to be processed as evidence. Police later determined that the gun was a "semi-automatic BB air pistol," Holden said.
Both officers had activated their body-worn cameras at some point and there is video of the incident for investigators to review, Holden said.
The shooting occurred in the front parking lot, near a turnaround area. It was not known how the student got to the school, although police said he didn't appear to have driven himself there.
According to police radio traffic, a dispatcher asked two officers to check the welfare of someone at the school. The person was described as a white male, 15, of medium build, wearing a gray shirt and black pants. Officers said they were there about a minute later.
There was no more radio traffic about the call for six or seven minutes. Then, a dispatcher acknowledged "shots fired" and asked if any officers were injured. One officer answered "negative" but said paramedics are needed "now." He said he and another officer were doing CPR. Another two or three minutes passed and an officer noted that CPR was still in progress.
Other officers were asked to check around the grounds of the high school, apparently for anyone who may have been involved with the teen or any witnesses.
"The details of the situation are still unfolding, but whatever they are, this event is very traumatic for our students, staff, families, and community," Eric Dill, superintendent for the San Dieguito Union High School District, said in a letter posted on the district's website. The teen's name was not released in the letter.
"I know this is difficult, but we ask that you please refrain from conjecture or spreading rumors. This is a difficult time for the family and we need to let them mourn."
He said a crisis response team will be at school Monday, May 8, for students and faculty as needed.
"As a community, we have a shared responsibility to care for one another. Please rest assured that we will do everything possible to maintain our daily routine while supporting each other as we deal with this sad event," Dill said.
Amanda Chen, a 17-year-old senior, showed up outside the campus by late morning, not long before the remaining investigators and evidence technicians packed up their equipment and left the parking lot. She said news of the shooting was "shocking."
"I feel like those types of incidents, you always hear about them in the news but you never feel like it's going to happen here in Carmel Valley where traditionally there's not a lot of crime," she said. "There's never been, like, really big issues with the police ever. So I think it's just really surprising, and honestly I'm so shocked that it happened somewhere so close to home, especially in the parking lot of my school."
Amanda, who is editor-in-chief of the school newspaper, the Falconer, said she didn't know the identity of the boy, but hoped that in light of this incident students might try harder to empathize with one another and to "listen to what other people are going through."
Tracy Francisco Dominice, a life coach and parent of a Torrey Pines student, held a sign on the edge of campus that read: "TEEN HELP." She offered her own phone number to young people in need of emotional support.
"We just need to help our children so they don't get to this point," she said.
The shooting occurred just hours before an unknown number of students arrived at the school to take SATs, tests used for college admissions.
Dill told the Union-Tribune that police redirected students arriving for the tests to a rear entrance. Students also were informed about what had happened and were given the opportunity to opt out and take the test another day, but Dill said he had not heard of any students who had.
Torrey Pines Principal Rob Coppo sent a tweet Saturday that read: "A very sad day for our school. Our thoughts and prayers are with the family. #wearetp."
He was expected to write a letter that will be sent to families and staff members.
"I know he's quite saddened by this," Dill said about Coppo. "He has been in touch with the family, and his focus is on supporting the school."
Dill said the family had told Coppo that they wanted privacy. He also said he had not heard of any note or other message the student had left behind that would give an indication of why the incident occurred.
A small memorial of flowers and notes began to grow at the scene by Saturday afternoon.
The involved officers have been identified as Officer Gilbert Flores who is a 28- year veteran and Officer Kai Johnson who is a four-year veteran of the San Diego Police Department
They were not injured.
---Kristina Davis and Dana Littlefield are writers for The San Diego Union Tribune
-- San Diego Union-Tribune staff writers Gary Warth and Pauline Repard contributed to this report.
Latest effort to stabilize railroad tracks done in Del Mar
Fourth of six phases completed in decades-long project


text:
SECON
Second Avenue (Manhattan)
Second Avenue (Manhattan) Explained
Second Avenue
Length Mi: 6.4
Owner: City of New York
Location: Manhattan, New York City
Maint: NYCDOT
Direction A: South
Terminus A: Houston / Chrystie Streets in Lower East Side
Junction: in East Midtown
RFK Bridge in East Harlem
Direction B: North
Terminus B: in East Harlem
Commissioning Date: March 1811
East: First Avenue
West: Third Avenue
Second Avenue is located on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan extending from Houston Street at its south end to the Harlem River Drive at 128th Street at its north end. A one-way street, vehicular traffic on Second Avenue runs southbound (downtown) only, except for a one-block segment of the avenue in Harlem. South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Chrystie Street south to Canal Street.
A bicycle lane runs in the leftmost lane of Second Avenue from 125th to Houston Streets. The section from 55th to 34th Streets closes a gap in the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway.
Second Avenue passes through a number of Manhattan neighborhoods including (from south to north) the Lower East Side, the East Village, Stuyvesant Square, Kips Bay, Tudor City, Turtle Bay, East Midtown, Lenox Hill, Yorkville and Spanish Harlem.[1] [2]
Downtown Second Avenue in the Lower East Side was the home to many Yiddish theatre productions during the early part of the 20th century, and Second Avenue came to be known as the "Yiddish Theater District", "Yiddish Broadway", or the "Jewish Rialto". Although the theaters are gone, many traces of Jewish immigrant culture remain, such as kosher delicatessens and bakeries, and the famous Second Avenue Deli (which closed in 2006, later reopening on East 33rd Street and Third Avenue).
The Second Avenue Elevated train line ran above Second Avenue the full length of the avenue north of 23rd Street, and stood from 1880 until service was ended on June 13, 1942. South of Second Avenue, it ran on First Avenue and then Allen and Division Street.[3] The elevated trains were noisy and often dirty (in the 19th century they were pulled by soot-spewing steam locomotives). This depressed land values along Second Avenue during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Partially because of the presence of the El, most buildings constructed during this era were working class tenements. The line was finally torn down in 1942 because it was deteriorated and obsolete, and the cost of World War II made upkeep impossible.[4] Second Avenue maintains its modest architectural character today, despite running through a number of high income areas.
Second Avenue has carried one-way traffic since June 4, 1951, before which it carried traffic in both the northbound and southbound directions.[5]
2015 gas explosion
See main article: 2015 East Village gas explosion. On March 26, 2015, a gas explosion and resulting fire in the East Village destroyed three buildings at 119, 121 and 123 Second Avenue, between East 7th Street and St. Mark's Place. At least twenty-two people were injured, four critically, and two people were initially listed as missing.[6] Later, two men were found dead in the debris of the explosion and were confirmed to be the ones listed as missing.[7] [8] There had previously been an illegal tap installed into the gas line feeding 121 Second Avenue.[9] In the days before the explosion, work was ongoing in the building for the installation of a new 4-inch gas line to service the apartments in 121, and some of the tenants had smelled gas an hour before the explosion.
Eleven other buildings were evacuated as a result of the explosion, and Con Ed turned off the gas to the area. Several days later, some residents were allowed to return to some of the vacated buildings.
The M15 local serves the entirety of Second Avenue. The M15 Select Bus Service, the Select Bus Service equivalent of the local M15 bus, provides bus rapid transit service along Second Avenue southbound. Additionally, the M34A Select Bus Service runs along Second Avenue between East 34th Street and East 23rd Street en route to Waterside Plaza.
The serves Second Avenue from 96th Street to 72nd Street before turning onto 63rd Street with a stop at Lexington Avenue, which has an exit at Third Avenue. A Second Avenue Subway line has been planned since 1919,[10] with provisions to construct it as early as 1929.[11]
Two short sections of the line have been completed over the years, serving other subway services (the Grand Street station is served by the), and others simply sitting vacant underground (such as the unused upper level at the Second Avenue station on the). Portions have been leased from time to time by New York Telephone to house equipment serving the company's principal north-south communication lines which run under the Avenue.[12] Isolated 1970s-era segments of the line, built without any infrastructure, exist between Pell and Canal Streets, and between 99th–105th and 110th–120th Streets.[13] Construction on Phase 1, which will eventually extend from 125th Street to the Financial District via the service, began on April 12, 2007. Phase 1 connects the BMT 63rd Street Line with the new line north to stations at 72nd, 86th, and 96th Streets, serving the . Phase 1 opened on January 1, 2017.[14] Phase 2, which would extend the line to East Harlem at 125th Street and Lexington Avenue, is expected to be completed between 2027 and 2029.[15] When the whole Second Avenue subway line is completed, it is projected to serve about 560,000 daily riders.[16]
There are bike lanes along the avenue south of 125th Street.[17] [18]
New York Songlines: Second Avenue, a virtual walking tour
http://www.nyc.gov/html/mancb6/downloads/pdf/197-A%20Plan.pdf
http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/yorkville.pdf Yorkville, Manhattan: Senior Pedestrian Crashes 2001-2006
https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/csmonitor_historic/access/278313072.html?dids=278313072:278313072&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jun+13%2C+1942&author=By+a+Staff+Correspondent+of+The+Christian+Science+Monitor&pub=Christian+Science+Monitor&desc=Second+Avenue+'El'+Coming+to+a+Stop&pqatl=google "Second Avenue 'El' Coming to a Stop"
Web site: Second Avenue Subway: Route 132-C . www.nycsubway.org . June 5, 2014.
News: Ingraham. Joseph. Autos Speeded 15% on 1st And 2nd Aves. August 28, 2012. The New York Times. June 5, 1951.
Flegenheimer, Matt and Surico, John "Two Men Remain Missing as Remnants of Explosion Are Scoured in Manhattan" The New York Times (March 28, 2015)
Barr, Meghan. "Official: 2 found dead in rubble believed to be missing men", Yahoo! News (March 30, 2015)
News: Crews Reach Basement In Manhattan Building Explosion Clean-up . Jim . Dolan . April 3, 2015 . WABC-TV . April 4, 2015 .
Sandoval, Edgar and Smith, Greg B. "City probing whether East Village building owner illegally tapped into gas main as family mourns Nicholas Figueroa" New York Daily News (March 31, 2015)
Staff. "Second Avenue 'El' Coming to a Stop", The Christian Science Monitor, June 13, 1942. Accessed October 12, 2008.
100 Miles of Subway in New City Project; 52 of them in Queens, New York Times September 16, 1929 page 1
Web site: The Line That Time Forgot – Second Avenue Subway . Nymag.com . April 5, 2004 . April 10, 2014.
News: Opening of Second Avenue Subway: Updates. Slotnik. Daniel E.. January 1, 2017. Wolfe. Jonathan. The New York Times. 0362-4331. Fitzsimmons. Emma G.. Palmer. Emily. Remnick. Noah. January 1, 2017.
News: New York City 2nd Ave Subway Phase 2 Profile. December 27, 2016. FTA. January 4, 2017. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170105000123/https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/New_York_City_2nd_Ave_Subway_Phase_2_Profile.pdf. January 5, 2017. mdy-all.
Web site: Smith . Stephen J. . The Next 20 Years for New York's MTA – Next City . Nextcity.org . October 2, 2013 . June 5, 2014.
Web site: Manhattan Bike Map: Manhattan Bike Paths, Bike Lanes & Greenways . NYC Bike Maps . June 5, 2014.
Web site: Miller . Stephen . DOT Proposes Filling the Gap in Second Avenue Protected Bike Lane | Streetsblog New York City . Streetsblog.org . September 17, 2013 . June 5, 2014.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Second Avenue (Manhattan)".


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Feinstein: People Will Die if Government Shuts Down But I Might Vote to Shut It Down Anyway
Brutal: Ocasio-Cortez And Her Crew Are Defining And Trashing The Democratic Party
@KatiePavlich
Posted: Jan 19, 2018 12:47 PM
Yesterday Democrats admitted their goal is to shut down the government in an effort to use the move against Republicans for the 2018-midterm elections.
JUST IN: Democrats have enough votes to block the spending bill in the Senate and prevent Republicans from keeping the government up and running, senior Democratic aide tells @NBCNews
— NBC Politics (@NBCPolitics) January 18, 2018
Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein issued a dire warning Thursday evening that a government shutdown will lead to people dying (not true) and other terrible things.
"Shutting down the government is a very serious thing. People die, accidents happen. You don't know. Necessary functions can cease," Feinstein told CNN. "There is no specific list you can look at and make a judgment: 'Well everything is going to be just fine.' You can't make that judgment. So, I think it's a last resort. And I'm really hopeful we don't get to it."
That claim is interesting, considering she doesn't know yet whether she will vote to keep the government open.
"I don't know how I would vote right now on a CR, OK?" she said in the same interview.
If people really are going to die as a result of the pending shutdown, you'd think she'd know by now how important her decision is. Instead, her politically motivated posturing and demagoguery on the issue just became extremely transparent.
Meanwhile, Budget Director Mick Mulvaney called Democrats on their bluff this morning at the White House and President Trump has asked Majority Leader Chuck Schumer for a meeting this afternoon.
"OMB is preparing for what we're calling the Schumer Shutdown. It still surprises me, and I've been through some of these before, that Democrats are opposing a bill they don't oppose. They are for clean CRs, they are for the extension of the CHIP program. They don't oppose anything in the bill, but they are opposing the bill," Mulvaney said. "We do not want a shutdown, but if Mr. Schumer wants this, he is in a position to inflict this on the American people."
Katie Pavlich's Latest Books, Assault and Flattery: The Truth About the Left and Their War on Women and Fast and Furious: Barack Obama's Bloodiest Scandal and the Shameless Cover-Up are available on Amazon
NPR Executive: Journalists Shouldn't Be Labeling Trump's Tweets as Racist
1,000 Activists Form Wall To Block ICE Agents From Entering Building
Timothy Meads


On August 12th UUCFnc will be collecting school supplies to support foster children in Cumberland County. Below is a suggested list of items. Thank you for your continued support of children in our community.