text:
Dodecyl methacrylate
The acute toxicity of dodecyl methacrylate ester can be considered as very low by the oral (LD50: > 5000 mg/kg, oral, rat, OECD 401, GLP, Klimisch score: 1) and
dermal route (LD50: > 3000 mg/kg, Structurally related substance Isodecyl methacrylate, dermal, rabbit, Klimisch score: 2). Peer reviewed handbook data of Dodecyl methacrylate LD50: > 3000 mg/kg, dermal, rabbit (Nemec JW, Kirch LS, 1978) supports this result. The inhalation route is not of relevance due to the very low vapour pressure (0.0064 hPa at 25 °C) of the substance.
OECD 401, GLP.
- Source: Wistar rats (strain: BOR: WISW (SPF TNO)), F. Winkelmann GmbH & Co KG, Borchen, Germany
- Age at study initiation: 9 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: Males: 202 - 205 ± 7-9 g; Females: 186 - 187 ± 5-7g
- Fasting period before study: overnight before test begin
- Housing: Groups of 5 in Makrolon cages
- Diet: ad libitum, Ssniff R food
- Water: ad libitum drinking water
- Acclimation period: One week under laboratory conditions
- Temperature (°C): no data
- Humidity (%): no data
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hr light/ 12 hr dark period.
5000 mg/kg b.w. and a gavage volume of 10 mL/kg b.w.
5 males, 5 females per dose group
- Test article preparation: immediately prior to dosing
- Frequency of observations and weighing: After administration of the test substance the rats are weighted again and held in single macrolon cages. Clinical examination was made twice a day during the length of the acute period of the intoxication, thereafter once a day.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: all animals were necropsied.
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs and symptoms, body weight, mortality, macroscopic findings
The tissues of all rats are weighted: lung, livers, kidneys, spleens, adrenals and testes; all pathological changes were recorded.
The t-test was the adequate statistical value for comparison the results between the experimental and control groups.
The limit dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. were applied to the rats as a range finding dose.
Mortality was neigther observed in the experimental group nor in the controls during the observation period of 14 days.
The clinical appearance and behavior of the male and female rats did not differ from the controls for the whole experimental period, except of oily
fouled skin in the rectum region of all experimental rats at the first day, and rough hair for the first two days after treatment .
For the male and also female rats there was no difference in the mean body weight between the experimental and control groups during the
whole study.
At necropsy substance-related signs of toxicity were not clearly obvious in comparison to the controls. The only observations were similar
incidences of red and white foci on the lung surface of the experimental and control rats. But in 2/5 male and 1/5 female rats slightly swollen liver
margins were observed for the experimental group only.
The results of the mean tissue weights show no differences between the experimental and control groups.
Mortality (dead/total 5)
Time range of deaths (days)
GHS no category.
According to the test result: LD50(14days): > 5000 mg/kg bw the test substance Dodecylmethacrylate has to be classified as practically nontoxic in rats in respect of its acute oral toxicity.
In an acute oral toxicity study according to OECD guidline 401 (Limit test) with GLP, groups of fasted male and female SPF Wistar rats were given a single oral dose of Dodecylmethacrylate (purity: 97%) at a dose of 5000 mg/kg bw and observed for 14 days.
Oral LD50 Combined = > 5000 mg/kg bw
Dodecylmethacrylate is oral practically nontoxic in SPF Wistar rats (OECD GHS no category) based on this LD50 test in males and females.
Based on the available data, Dodecyl methacrylate does not need to be classified for acute toxicity according to regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
NOTE: Any of data in this dataset are disseminated by the European Union on a right-to-know basis and this is not a publication in the same sense as a book or an article in a journal. The right of ownership in any part of this information is reserved by the data owner(s). The use of this information for any other, e.g. commercial purpose is strictly reserved to the data owners and those persons or legal entities having paid the respective access fee for the intended purpose.
There is one relevant, adequate and reliable study for Dodecyl methacrylate available (FHG, 1988) (Klimisch score = 1) The test was performed in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail. Guideline study OECD 401, GLP.
Inhalation is no relevant route of exposure and testing by inhalation is not appropriate. Exposure of humans via inhalation is unlikely taking into account the low vapour pressure and the low possibility of exposure to aerosols, particles or droplets of an inhalable size.
Furthermore no reliable data are available on long-chain methacrylate esters (C12 – C22) for the inhalation route. However, data are available on the structural analogues substances: methyl-, ethyl- and n-butyl methacrylate. The respective LC50 values are in a range between 5000 and 11000 ppm indicating low inhalation toxicity.
In a dermal acute toxicity study on Isodecyl methacrylate (structurally related substance of Dodecyl methacrylate) with Albino Rabbits an
LD50 > 3000 mg/kg was determined. Reliable study according to generally accepted scientific standards and decribed in sufficient detail. This
experimentally observed result is supported by the peer reviewed handbook data of Dodecyl methacrylate LD50: > 3000 mg/kg, dermal, rabbit
(Nemec JW, Kirch LS, 1978).
Reliable (RL1), relevant and adequate data are available for the acute oral toxicity of dodecyl methacrylate and for the dermal toxicity of the closely related read-across substance Isodecyl methacrylate.
Acute oral toxicity
In an acute oral toxicity study according to OECD guideline 401, groups of fasted Sprague Dawley rats (5 males + 5 females) were given a single oral dose of Dodecyl methacrylate according to supplier's information: purity of 97 % at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg and observed for 14 days.
No death occurred. The body weight gain of the treated animals was similar to that of control animals. At necropsy substance-related signs of toxicity were not clearly obvious in comparison to the controls. The only observations were similar incidences of red and white foci on the lung surface of the experimental and control rats. But in 2/5 male and 1/5 female rats slightly swollen liver margins were observed for the experimental group only.
Oral LD50 (rat) = > 5000 mg/kg bw
Furthermore, acute oral toxicity studies with LD50 values above 5000 mg/kg indicate a very low toxic potential of the long-chain alkyl methacrylate esters (C12 – C22).
Acute inhalative toxicity
There is no acute inhalation study available on dodecyl methacrylate and long chain alkyl methacrylate esters (C12 - C22).
A study on acute inhalation toxicity is unjustified in accordance to REACH regulation Annex VIII, column 2 due to exposure considerations as well as in accordance to REACH regulation Annex XI due to scientific considerations. The substance has a very low vapour pressure (0.0064 hPa at 25 °C). The use of this substance will not result in aerosols, particles or droplets of an inhalable size, so exposure to humans via the inhalatory route will be unlikely to occur. Therefore, the inhalation route is not of relevance.
Considering the exposure probability and the available information on the intrinsic toxic activity of the substance, an inhalative systemic toxicity risk to humans is unlikely and therefore, the conduct of an inhalative toxicity study is scientifically not meaningful. Thus, animal welfare is respected according to REACH intentions.
Acute dermal toxicity
There is no reliable acute dermal study available on dodecyl methacrylate. However, the acute dermal LD50 of the closely related read-across substance Isodecyl methacrylate is reported to be >3000 mg/kg bw in rabbits. Peer reviewed handbook data of dodecyl methacrylate, a value of LD50: > 3000 mg/kg, dermal, rabbit (Nemec JW, Kirch LS, 1978) supports this result.
There are only few data on dermal toxicity testing of the long chain alkyl methacrylate esters in rabbits which are of limited reliability. With regard to the low acute oral toxicity and the characteristics of skin penetration and metabolism in the skin, the acute dermal toxicity can be considered as low.
This skin absorption study indicates that the total amount of the ester dodecyl methacrylate that was absorbed during the time of exposure was 0.7 % (rat epidermis) and 0.26 % (rat whole skin) over 24 hours, respectively.
Hence, bearing in mind the already low acute oral toxicity, toxic effects via the dermal route are unlikely.
In conclusion, there are sufficient data available for the toxicological assessment of the long-chain alkyl methacrylate esters. Hence, for the sake of animal welfare it is not proposed to conduct further studies.
Based on the available information, the acute toxicity of dodecyl methacrylate is low for oral and dermal routes of administration in rat and rabbits. There are no data gaps in acute toxicity. Even though there is no information on acute inhalative toxicity, there are no indications that the acute toxicity is higher for this route of exposure. Even though there is no information on acute toxicity in humans, there is no reason to believe that the low acute toxicity observed in experimental animals would not be relevant for human health.
The test was performed in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail. Reliable guideline study according to OECD 401 without restrictions performed with GLP.
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – dermal endpoint
No single key study has been selected: instead, all available studies have been used in a weight-of-evidence approach.
Read-across:
In a dermal acute toxicity study on Isodecyl methacrylate (structurally related substance of Dodecyl methacrylate) with Albino Rabbits an LD50 > 3000 mg/kg was determined. Reliable study according to generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail.
Based on the available data, Dodecyl methacrylate does not need to be classified for acute toxicity according to regulation (EC) 1272/2008 or the former European directive on classification and labelling 67/548/EEC. Thus, no labelling is required.


text:
Liberals and Conservatives seem to agree on privacy reform but with very different approaches
Written by Teresa Scassa
A recent story in iPolitics states that both the Liberals and the Conservatives support strengthening data protection laws in Canada, although it also suggests they may differ as to the best way to do so.
The Liberals have been talking about strengthening Canada's data protection laws – both the Privacy Act (public sector) and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) (private sector) since well before the last election, although their emphasis has been on PIPEDA. The mandate letters of both the Ministers of Justice and Industry contained directions to reform privacy laws. As I discuss in a recent post, these mandate letters speak of greater powers for the Privacy Commissioner, as well as some form of "appropriate compensation" for data breaches. There are also hints at a GDPR-style right of erasure, a right to withdraw consent to processing of data, and rights of data portability. With Canada facing a new adequacy assessment under the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) it is perhaps not surprising to see this inclusion of more EU-style rights.
Weirdly, though, the mandate letters of the Minister of Industry and the Minister of Heritage also contain direction to create the new role of "Data Commissioner" to serve an as-yet unclear mandate. The concept of a Data Commissioner comes almost entirely out of the blue. It seems to be first raised before the ETHI Committee on February 7, 2019 by Dr. Jeffrey Roy of Dalhousie University. He referenced in support of this idea a new Data Commissioner role being created in Australia as well as the existence of a UK Chief Data Officer. How it got from an ETHI Committee transcript to a mandate letter is still a mystery.
If this, in a nutshell, is the Liberal's plan, it contains both the good, the worrisome, and the bizarre. Strengthening PIPEDA – both in terms of actual rights and enforcement of those rights is a good thing, although the emphasis in the mandate letters seems very oriented towards platforms and other issues that have been in the popular press. This is somewhat worrisome. What is required is a considered and substantive overhaul of the law, not a few colourful and strategically-placed band-aids.
There is no question that the role of the federal Privacy Commissioner is front and centre in this round of reform. There have been widespread calls to increase his authority to permit him to issue fines and to make binding orders. These measures might help address the fundamental weakness of Canada's private sector data protection laws, but they will require some careful thinking about the drafting of the legislation to ensure that some of the important advisory and dispute resolution roles of the Commissioner's office are not compromised. And, as we learned with reform of the Access to Information Act, there are order-making powers and then there are order-making powers. It will not be a solution to graft onto the legislation cautious and complicated order-making powers that increase bureaucracy without advancing data protection.
The bizarre comes in the form of the references to a new Data Commissioner. At a time when we clearly have not yet managed to properly empower the Privacy Commissioner, it is disturbing that we might be considering creating a new bureaucracy with apparently overlapping jurisdiction. The mandate letters suggest that the so-called data commissioner would oversee (among other things?) data and platform companies, and would have some sort of data protection role in this regard. His or her role might therefore overlap with both those of the Privacy Commissioner and the Competition Bureau. It is worth noting that the Competition Bureau has already dipped its toe into the waters of data use and abuse. The case for a new bureaucracy is not evident.
The Conservatives seem to be opposed to the creation of the new Data Commissioner, which is a good thing. However, Michelle Rempel Garner was reported by iPolitics as rejecting "setting up pedantic, out of date, ineffectual and bloated government regulatory bodies to enforce data privacy." It is not clear whether this is simply a rejection of the new Data Commissioner's office, or also a condemnation of the current regulatory approach to data protection (think baby and bath water). Instead, the Conservatives seem to be proposing creating a new data ownership right for Canadians, placing the economic value of Canadians' data in their hands.
This is a bad idea for many reasons. In the first place, creating a market model for personal data will do little to protect Canadians. Instead, it will create a context in which there truly is no privacy because the commercial exchange of one's data for products and services will include a transfer of any data rights. It will also accentuate existing gaps between the wealthy and those less well off. The rich can choose to pay extra for privacy; others will have no choice but to sell their data. Further, the EU, which has seriously studied data ownership rights (and not just for individuals) has walked away from them each time. Data ownership rights are just too complicated. There are too many different interests in data to assign ownership to just one party. If a company uses a proprietary algorithm to profile your preferences for films or books, is this your data which you own, or theirs because they have created it?
What is much more important is the recognition of different interests in data and the strengthening, through law, of the interests of individuals. This is what the GDPR has done. Rights of data portability and erasure, the right to withdraw consent to processing, and many other rights within the GDPR give individuals much stronger interests in their data, along with enforcement tools to protect those interests. Those strengthened interests are now supporting new business models that place consumers at the centre of data decision-making. Open banking (or consumer-directed banking), currently being studied by the Department of Finance in Canada, is an example of this, but there are others as well.
The fix, in the end, is relatively simple. PIPEDA needs to be amended to both strengthen and expand the existing interests of individuals in their personal data. It also needs to be amended to provide for appropriate enforcement, compensation, and fines. Without accountability, the rights will be effectively meaningless. It also needs to happen sooner rather than later.
(With thanks to my RA Émilie-Anne Fleury who was able to find the reference to the Data Commissioner in the ETHI Committee transcripts)
privacy commissioner
Teresa Scassa
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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John Philip Holland's Submarine
Holland, John Philip (1841-1914), an Irish-American inventor, was mainly responsible for the development of the submarine. His vessel, the Holland, built in 1898, proved that the submarine was practical. It provided the model for later submarines.
John P. Holland was born on February 24, 1841, in the coastguard's residence in Liscannor, Co. Clare. Holland attended St. Macreehy's National School and probably spent some time in the Christian Brothers School in Ennistymon. His father died in the 1840s and the family moved to Limerick in 1853. Holland joined the Christian Brothers in Limerick and taught in Limerick and many other centers in the country.
He began work on the idea of a submarine while teaching school in Ireland from 1858 to 1872. By 1870, he had completed the first plans for his invention. He also had an interest in flying and while in Cork with the Christian Brothers he drew up designs of an airplane.
Due to ill health, Holland left the Christian Brothers in 1873. He came to the United States and joined his two brothers and his mother, who had already emigrated to Boston. He then settled in Paterson, N.J., where he taught school at St. John's Catholic School. During his tenure there, he submitted his submarine plans to the U.S. Navy in 1875, but they were rejected as "a fantastic scheme of a civilian landsman". However the Fenian Society, a group of Irish patriots in the United States who hoped to destroy England's naval power, became interested. They supported Holland's experiments and gave him money to build two submarines. His first boat was tested with mixed results in the Passaic River in 1878. His second boat, the Fenian Ram, was launched in 1881. Its success established many basic features of submarines. Although the Fenian Ram had marked an important stage in submarine development, the Fenians were no longer prepared to back Holland who severed all connections with the organization after that. Indeed, twenty years later he was not slow in selling his designs to the British Navy who launched their own Holland designed sub in October 1901.
In 1888, the U.S. Navy asked Holland to submit submarine plans. Seven years later, it awarded him a contract to build a ship. But this vessel failed, largely because the Navy forced Holland to drop many of his ideas. In order to prove that his ideas were correct, Holland privately built his own submarine and launched it successfully on St. Patrick's day, 1898, in New York Harbor. His submarine,
53-foot (16-meter) in length, was powered by a gasoline engine and electric batteries. It could reach a speed of 6 knots submerged.
Despite inspections and favorable publicity and indeed the recommendation of the then Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, the Government did not buy the submarine. Holland made some alterations and after a final test in March, 1900, the U.S. Navy bought this ship (its first submarine) and named it the U.S.S. Holland. The Navy then asked the inventor to build several more ships like it. Holland's firm, the Electric Boat Company (now the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation), has continued to build most U.S. Navy submarines. It has also built many submarines for other countries.
Holland resigned from the Electric Boat Company in 1904 and attempted to establish a new firm. However, legal complications blocked the undertaking.
He quietly withdrew from public life and resumed work on an aircraft design. Aviation experts have stated that his design would have worked, but he was beaten to the punch by the Wright brothers and abandoned his efforts.
As well as selling his designs to the British Navy, Holland built two submarines for Japan which were used against Russian in the war of 1904-5. He received the Rising Sun from the Emperor of Japan for his contribution to the Japanese Naval victory.
On 12 August 1914, John Holland succumbed to pneumonia. He was 73 years old. He is buried in Totowa, New Jersey, less than one mile from where he launched his first submarine. In 1976 his grave was marked with a large headstone. In 1964 a plaque was erected in liscannor commemorating the 50th anniversary of his death. Castle Street in liscannor has been renamed Holland Street in his honor.
John Philip Holland's innovative ideas, designs, and hard work proved that submarines were practical and quite effective in times of war. His design became the prototype for future submarines and proved to be an important contribution to the development of America's defense network.


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"The unprotected female!" Will M.J.C. please tell us why a female, unprotected, should demand any more interest or sympathy than an unprotected male? Has not her Creator endowed her with the same instinct for self-protection, and given her reason to guide it? Has He not bestowed upon her the same number of limbs for purposes of locomotion, and given her two hands with which to provide for her wants, and protect herself, the same as he has the male?
"Sitting among her boxes and bundles." What business has a woman to load herself, or any one else, with such rubbish? It is that she may keep two or three men standing, while she has the satisfaction of seeing said boxes and bundles occupying the seats which, by right, if not by custom, belongs to them? I agree that a woman thus situated ought always to be the subject of kindly interest, – so had a man who carries with him such an unmistakable evidences of an unsound mind. Who can look at woman through the clear glasses of reason, instead of the colored ones of fashion, and not see that she is deficient in either education or independence. Her appearance clearly denotes hat she is an object slave, who is either ignorant of the fact, or considers it an honor that she is such, and is unwilling to appear, at least before strangers, unless surrounded by unmistakable evidences of her servitude. If she goes from home for a visit of a few days, she needs a baggage wagon to carry what she deems necessary for the display of her master's power.
If she is compelled to carry anything in her hands she is really to be pitied, for women, clothed as this class are, have not even one hand that they can properly claim for any use except to guard their badges from injury. They are arrayed in a manner that makes it actually unsafe for them to enter or leave a car or carriage, unless they have both hands free to prevent their skirts from being caught by one of the projections that seem made expressly to torment poor women – or being entangled by the feet of their fellow travelers. Why, unless they are proud of their servitude, will they consent to be thus shackled, while men go about unencumbered? Their hands are free, never being required to keep their clothes from dragging on the dirt, or being trodden upon by the feet of their companions. Their "boxes and bundles," even for a long journey, are all stowed in one satchel or valise which they can easily carry in one hand, thus leaving the other free to grab the hand of a friend, or assist some unprotected female who has ventured from home to spend a few days, but is already wishing she was back again; for how is she to change all this baggage from the depot to the cars without breaking her neck or tearing her dress?
"Made up as she is, of nerves, headaches, cold feet, anxiety and skepticism." Poor things! How much suffering is combined in this sentence. Yet who of the sufferers will allow even their best friends to tell them why they are thus made? I will write [sic] although I will admit that I have not a friend who suffers from these afflictions that I should dare to speak my mind freely to, lest they should consider me an enemy to right, because they consider these an affliction of Providence which it would be sacrilegious to see to escape.
Women have no more "nerves" than men, and they would be no more nervous, where their bodies as healthy, and their nerves a little less taxed by petty cares and little accidents. As to "inefficiencies," supposed you try the experiment of dressing a strong man in trailing skirts, well extended by hoops! Pin his waist so tight as to prevent his stooping with ease, and only allowing him the use of the upper portion of his lungs. Then oblige him to look after the many boxed and bundles that we unprotected females are required, by fashion, to be encumbered with, and see who is the most inefficient! I would pronounce him a model of patience if he did not swear at the many hindrances and annoyances that he would be subjected to on account of his change of clothing, and consequent baggage.
"Headaches and cold feet" are two severe afflictions; the former generally caused by the latter by imporoper dress in the majority of cases. I have never seen a woman yet, who had not broken out of fashion's train entirely, that did not dress her feet and lower limbs too thin, her hips too warm, her waist too tight, and carry suspended from her waist, weights, varying according to the season and the caprices of the wearer, from two to fifteen pounds. All these things aid in destroying the circulation of the blood, and the action of all the organs of the body.
That the present suffering of women is a punishment for their sin, I fully believe; but it appears to me that nothing but genuine stubbornness can prompt a continuation of the sins which we know have brought upon us such just suffering. Men, being clothed in substantial goods, made in a manner that allows them the free use of their bodies, and protects them from the cold, do not suffer these many severe afflictions, that are the bane of our lives; except such as they inherit. It would seem that after any class of beings, endowed with reason, had become so enfeebled as the women of the present have, that they would strive in every way possible, to regain their natural powers of body and mind. To do this, the first step should be to adopt a dress that would give perfect freedom to mind and body, instead of one that cripples and deforms the latter, while it exhausts the former to keep it in a condition that will be considered by the rulers as acceptable.
"Anxiety and skepticism" are but attendant evils that will vanish when their causes are removed, which will be when women are not ashamed to be clothed in a manner that will insure them warmth and freedom. I do not believe that there is a woman living in the United States who has reached her sixteenth year, and dressed for the last three years with the least regard to the dictates of fashion, that, when dressed, even loosely, can draw a natural breath at the first trial.


text:
Insider Guide To Golf Courses In Porto and the North of Portugal
Our golfing expert, Andy Waple, is back with another helpful golfing guide. This time, the spotlight is on the golf courses in the north of Portugal.
Golf in Porto and the North
Porto is one of the oldest cities in Europe yet it is a mere babe when it comes to golf tourism. Overshadowed by the Algarve golf scene and its big brother Lisbon, Porto's golf courses and those of the wider northern region rarely feature in anybody's "must play" list.
It is easy to understand why this area has been overlooked as a golfing destination – there isn't the great cluster of courses that makes the Algarve so popular and the weather isn't as kind all the time.
Nevertheless, it's golf courses are certainly equal in quality and Northern Portugal leaves its southern counterpart dead in the water when it comes to the cost of golf, not to mention its scenery, cuisine and culture.
This region is now realising its potential and is campaigning to attract the hordes of European travelling golfers to its shores setting up a golf touring route that offers so much more than golf.
Porto golf
Porto itself is a fantastic city and would make a perfect base for a golf tour, but better still, makes an ideal starting and finishing point for a golfing road trip of the region.
Straddling the mighty Douro river, Porto and its sister city Vila Nova de Gaia, the centre of the historic port wine industry, boasts World Heritage status three times over. Clinging to the steep hillsides, the old town is a sight to behold and once you get to know Porto's heritage it is even better.
Find out where to stay in Porto
Oporto golf course. Second hole
As for it's golf courses, just to the south of the city near Espinho is Oporto Golf Club featuring a seashore, part links course, and a history that few could aspire to.
The third oldest club in continental Europe, and the first in Iberia, was set up by English port merchants more than 125 years ago and annually stages the oldest competition in the sport to have been played without interruption, the Skeffington Cup.
Estela golf course – Hole 18
Some 45 minutes drive up the coast heading north from Porto is the spectacular Estela Golf Club. Set among the Atlantic dunes this is a relatively new classic links layout usual in that it has velvet-like Bermuda grass fairways and rolling greens.
It has a very challenging opening nine holes mainly set against the shoreline and while there is some respite on the returning holes it demands no less than your best game. This is an undiscovered jewel, and excellently well maintained.
In addition to these two superb golf courses near Porto, you have the 9-hole Club Golf Miramar, just south of Vila Nova de Gaia.
Other golf courses in the north of Portugal
Ponte de Lima golf
Ponte de Lima golf course
Your next golf stop could be at the historic town of Ponte de Lima slightly inland to the north east.
The Axis Ponte de Lima Golf Resort Hotel here is secluded yet well placed to serve a golf course that is memorable for many reasons.
The opening nine is tight, steep and is some places almost comical, or bizarre, depending on your opinion. The second loop is different in character and offers a complementary challenge – this time it's length that's the card wrecker.
If you don't wish to stay at the Axis, Ponte de Lima has several other delightful accommodation options.
Vidago golf
Travelling further inland towards the Spanish border you reach the old spa town of Vidago, home to the fabulous Vidago Palace Hotel and Golf Course.
Set in stunning countryside, this hotel was built in 1910 to satisfy the growing demand for spa treatments and taking of the waters.
It is now part of the Leading Hotels of the World group and its superb parkland golf course weaves through a huge mature pine forest in the valley of a small river.
The hotel is excellent, as is the course that features huge undulating greens, impressive granite-walled tees and many memorable holes all in tip-top condition.
Book a stay at Vidago Palace hotel
Amarante golf
Amarante golf course – Hole 3 RS
Players are often underwhelmed when they stand on the first tee at Amarante Golf Club.
It is a hilly course in the middle of the countryside, but once the first two are over its character changes and you are drawn into the natural beauty and surrounding Minho landscape.
It's a short members' course where accuracy and correct decision making are important as the fairways are tight and the green very small.
What makes this golf route different is the off-the-course combination of magical scenery, old-fashioned culture and traditional cuisine so you can really enjoy the golf and sample unspoiled Portugal at its best.
Find out what else to do in Amarante plus where to stay
Want some new tour-quality golfing equipment?
Browse men's golfing shoes on Amazon.
Take a look at women's golf shoes.
Or treat yourself to some new golf clothes for your next round.
Andy Waple golf journalist
Golf travel journalist Andy Waple struck his first ball in Portugal in the early 1980s at Quinta do Lago and was immediately hooked. He has since travelled the world playing and reviewing some of the finest and far-flung courses and resorts and as a long standing member of the International Golf Travel Writers Association, his work has appeared in many UK based publications. Andy visits Portugal regularly to enjoy the country's golf, culture and cuisine.
Follow Andy's golfing updates on Twitter: @andywaple
Check out all of Andy's Golfing in Portugal articles on Julie Dawn Fox in Portugal
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Hailing from Helsinki, Finland and crafting a mix of metal, goth and hard rock they called "love metal, " H.I.M. - known early on as His Infernal Majesty - was founded in 1991 by vocalist Ville Valo, guitarist Mikko "Linde" Lindström, and bassist Mikko "Migé" Paananen. During the band's early years, they released two demos, 1992's unreleased Witches and Other Night Fears, and an untitled 1995 tape that fans christened This Is Only the Beginning; that year, the band also added drummer Juhana Tuomas Rantala to the fold. After signing a record contract with BMG, their first official release was 1996's 666 Ways to Love: Prologue, a Finland-only release limited to 1, 000 copies that featured the band's cover of Chris Isaak's "Wicked Game."
By the time of the group's first album, 1997's Greatest Lovesongs, Vol. 666, they had shortened their name to H.I.M. and recruited keyboardist Antto Einari Melasniemi. The album earned the band a cult following in their homeland, one that spread to the rest of Europe with 2009's Razorblade Romance. Featuring the single "Join Me in Death" - which became the best-selling Finnish single in history - the album topped the German and Finnish charts. When the album was released in the U.S. in 2002, a legal challenge initially resulted in the band going under the HER moniker until they bought the full rights to the H.I.M. name; 1000 copies of the American version of Razorblade Romance were pressed with the HER name. H.I.M. also won a fan in professional skater Bam Margera, who took every opportunity to promote the band's music on his popular MTV series Viva La Bam. In 2001, Valo, Lindström, and Paananen formed the side project Daniel Lioneye, which featured Lindström on vocals and guitars, Valo on drums, and Paananen on bass; the project's debut album The King of Rock 'n' Roll arrived that September. H.I.M. also released its third album, Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights, around that time. The first album to feature keyboardist Emerson Burton, it once again topped the German and Finnish charts. H.I.M. returned two years later with Love Metal, the band's first album to display their "heartagram" logo on the cover instead of a picture of Valo. Margera directed the video for one of Love Metal's singles, "Buried Alive by Love." The following year, H.I.M.'s first compilation, And Love Said No: The Greatest Hits '97-'04 arrived, featuring the title track and a cover of Neil Diamond's "Solitary Man" as exclusive songs.
In a relationship via email and phone a long time. This bothered me to, besides his not wanting any commitment believing in (Osho).
What is Hillsong for Christian Music?
Hillsong United is an Australian Christian rock band They started as the youth ministry band from Hillsong Church in Australia.
Where can one watch Hillsong videos?
You can watch Hillsong videos on the popular video streaming website YouTube. You may also find their videos mirrored on other websites such as Dailymotion.


text:
Genre: Action, Platformer
Developed by: HAL Laboratory
Feeling Like: Kirby's Greatest Hits
You can't go home again, said Demi Moore at the beginning of Now and Then. Wise words. I was sort of hoping this would lead me to a witty transition about how I waited way too long to play Kirby Super Star (the 1996 SNES edition) and when I finally did in 2008 (not the 1996 SNES edition), my love for Kirby had waned, or the DS port wasn't as good, or both.
Tangent time: What's really strange is how Kirby is marketed on box art. He's not a symbol of masculinity, far from it. He's a tiny little pink puff that eats things, flies over things and makes adorable and incoherent noises. Yet in an effort to…I don't know, make him more appealing to dudes in Canada and the United States, he's always angrier on the box compared to his Japanese version. Smiles and open mouth in the land of the rising sun, frowning and closed mouth stateside.
I thought Kirby and I would be best friends as we got older, but we're sort of in "I should text him because we used to hang out a lot" territory. I never rush out to play the newest Kirby game. I don't feel the same sense of mastery when playing him as I did in Kirby's Adventure, or playing him in one of the many Smash Bros titles. I don't want to say I've outgrown him, or Kirby games, because I just jumped up and down with glee upon finding out the new Naruto episode is coming out soon. Clearly, I haven't outgrown anything.
Kirby's on the pursuit of happiness.
Thankfully, Kirby Super Star Ultra was a complete comfort. I may not be able to come home again, but I can certainly meet a friend at a coffee shop for a quick chat and be satisfied. It's Kirby in the arena, Kirby going through a single player adventure, Kirby being a samurai, Kirby being anything you want. It's such a diverse amount of modes, moves, characters, music and art styles that you'll find something very quickly to entertain you.
I love how bright and colorful the graphics are. The sprites still look fantastic. The animation is a bit archaic, but it's often hilarious. Character's eyes bulge, Kirby poofs up like a balloon and King DeDeDe's dismayed jaw drops about two feet down when he loses. Beautifully cartoonic.
The music has always been a highlight in the Kirby series, and how wonderfully light and energetic the audio is here. You've got the classic sound effects, like when Kirby jumps on a star to warp to a new area, or the flapping sounds Kirby exhausts when he takes flight. Icing on the cake for fans of the series are the additions to the DS version not previous found. I relished fighting Masked DeDeDe and controlling Meta Knight is always a treat.
I don't rush out to play compilation games normally; they usually have a good amount of content, but always lack the pinnacle of a lengthy campaign. Thankfully, Kirby Super Star Ultra had enough to remind me how awesome Kirby games can be when they're at their best.
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The 2018 Toyota Highlander is designed to help you explore every possibility. Everything from the cutting-edge technology to the spacious seating for up to eight enhances comfort and convenience, while the available 3.5L V6 engine delivers power and efficiency. See what else this midsize SUV has to offer when you browse our available inventory below.


text:
Sanders won't dispute claim that media is 'enemy' of people
White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders speaks during the daily press briefing at the White House, Thursday, Aug. 2, 2018, in Washington. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci)
By Jill Colvin | The Associated Press
· Published: August 2, 2018
Washington • White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders on Thursday refused to distance herself from President Donald Trump's assertions that the media is the "enemy" of the American people.
Pressed during a White House briefing on the issue, Sanders said Trump "has made his position known."
In a heated exchange with reporters, she recited a litany of complaints against the press and blamed the media for inflaming tensions in the country.
"As far as I know, I'm the first press secretary in the history of the United States that's required Secret Service protection," she said, accusing the media of continuing "to ratchet up the verbal assault against the president and everyone in this administration."
CNN's Jim Acosta, who has become a lightning rod for anti-media sentiment and was loudly heckled during a Trump rally in Florida on Tuesday night, implored Sanders to break from the president, who first decried the press as the "enemy of the American people" last year.
"I think it would be a good thing if you were to say right here at this briefing that the press, the people who are gathered in this room right now ... are not the enemy of the people," Acosta said, adding: "All the people around the world are watching what you're saying."
Sanders, reading from prepared remarks, responded with a critique of the press for resorting "to personal attacks without any content other than to incite anger."
"The media has attacked me personally on a number of occasions, including your own network, CNN," she told Acosta. She also cited the comedian who performed at the annual White House Correspondents' Association dinner, saying the comic was brought in "to attack my appearance and call me a traitor to my own gender."
Acosta later walked out of the briefing in protest. Another reporter quickly filled his seat.
The exchange came hours after the president's eldest daughter and adviser, Ivanka Trump, broke with her father at an event hosted by Axios, and said that she does not view the news media as "the enemy of the people."
"I've certainly received my fair share of reporting on me personally that I know not to be fully accurate. So ... I have some sensitivity around why people have concerns and gripe, especially when they sort of feel targeted. But no, I do not feel that the media is the enemy of the people," Ivanka Trump said.
The president regularly lashes out at news outlets and individual reporters, accusing them of spreading "fake news" — his term for stories he dislikes.
His attacks have drawn rebukes from free press advocates, human rights experts, professional journalism associations and the publisher of The New York Times, who said this week that he took Trump to task for "deeply troubling anti-press rhetoric" that is "not just divisive but increasingly dangerous" when the two met privately at the White House this month.
Associated Press writer Catherine Lucey in Washington contributed to this report.
Utah man accused of calling in bomb threat to Lowe's store
By The Associated Press • 8h ago
By Erin Alberty • 12h ago
Behind the Headlines: Utah representatives react to Trump's racist tweets
By The Salt Lake Tribune • 13h ago


Like the branches of a wise old tree asleep in the cold winter woods, the Winter Solstice Cilindro Chandelier is an abstract expression of light that is perfectly poetic. Meticulous architectural details abound with Rustic Iron branches featured in a Hand Applied Multi-Layered Finish. The branches appear to hibernate until the light from 5 Clear Frosted Glass Cylindres provides a warm, friendly embrace. Ideal for illuminating billiard/dining tables, islands, counters, and bars. Custom crafted by highly skilled artisans in our 180,000 square foot manufacturing facility at the foothills of New York's Adirondack Mountains. Custom sizes, finishes, styles and dimmable energy efficient lamping options.
Total Height: 36" - 120" Length: 72" Depth: 42"


My grandfather Reginald Wynn Owen was Elijah and Elizabeth's sixth child. He was born in Wexham Street, Beaumaris, Anglesey, on 23 July 1876, not long after Elijah had given up teaching and become a curate. He was christened at Llanfaes, Anglesey, on 29 September 1876 by the Rev. Warren Trevor who was later to work closely with Elijah in the Ministry. By the time Reginald was two, the family had moved out of Beaumaris to the lovely Rhos Cottage and some time after 1881 to Llangoed Vicarage.
Reginald was born with a deformed eye and it was removed when he was a baby. He grew up with an open eye socket; he did not even wear an eye patch and in this early family photo (right) and in this photo taken when his sister, Mary, was married in 1890, he has his face turned side-on to the camera to hide the disfigurement. He suffered terrible teasing from children at school.
Like his brothers he went to Beaumaris School which involved a walk of about 3 kilometres, partly along the coast, uplifting in summer with its magnificent views across the Menai Straits but bleak and windswept in winter. Whilst living in Anglesey, Reginald and his brothers Frank and Eyton and their friend Johnny Morgan would hire Dunoon Line yachts with cabins and sail up the coast to Liverpool and Dunoon. Reginald and his friend Dr. John Owen (no relation and later to be godfather to Reginald's daughter, Elaine) used to sail along the Welsh and Scottish coast up at least as far as the Clyde.
Despite his disability Reginald was a keen sportsman. When he moved to Liverpool he belonged to the same tennis club as Lily Mabel Tomkinson who later became his second wife. At this club he was still known as "one eye".


text:
About Fisher
We are Fisher
There always will be a future-focused need for the careful study of accounting, finance, management, operations and analytics, marketing and logistics. They are the foundations of business and the building blocks of successful, professional careers.
But a business education today — one that prepares tomorrow's leaders for immediate and lasting impact — goes deeper. It places these fundamentals into a new and broader context. It's about global awareness, challenging convention and traditional thinking, and a mindset that balances ambition and with principles.
At The Ohio State University Max M. Fisher College of Business, we believe business leadership requires a distinct and nuanced set of skills for a world that's changing at a pace never before seen. Innovation and entrepreneurial curiosity can create new markets and disruption virtually overnight. A strong global perspective questions the familiar and presents the potential to forge untold partnerships. A focus on a greater good and social responsibility is redefining the way organizations operate.
All of these skills test the balance of risk and reward. They also bring into greater focus the importance of gaining the leadership principles necessary to navigate new ideas and opportunities.
These central themes — innovation and entrepreneurial curiosity, global awareness, social responsibility and principled leadership — are essential differentiators for Fisher graduates as they enter the workforce. These themes are woven into our curriculum and programs; they guide our faculty thought leaders; and they directly reflect the values of our college's namesake. These skills are essential for an engaging and impactful educational experience on our campus —and for our students' success beyond it.
Because at Fisher, we don't produce business graduates. We produce business leaders.
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Welcome home Spc. Barin. Thank you for your service.
Welcome home Tyler and thank you for you're service........ Enjoy!!!!!
Thank you for your Service Tyler, and enjoy your time Home!!
standing by and welcome home!
Welcome Home Tyler. Thank You for your service!


It pays to pay attention because banks are tweaking rates all the time.
There's just one problem -- Ally lowered its yield. At 1.44%, it's no longer the best you can get. That doesn't mean you should rush to take your money out. But it pays to pay attention because banks are tweaking rates all the time.
Topping our latest list of highest-yielding deposit accounts are American Express Bank, Colorado Federal Savings Bank and NewDominionDirect.com, all yielding 1.5%. Of the three, American Express Bank is most versatile -- it has no minimum-balance requirement and no fees. To access your money, you need to link the Amex account to an outside bank account and transfer your funds. The other two accounts have more rules and hidden fees.
You can boost the earnings on your cash even more by putting it into a high-yielding checking account at an online bank, community bank or credit union. (For the best deals, check www.bankrate.com and www.depositaccounts.com. For checking accounts, also try www.checkingfinder.com.) Those accounts often come with more rules, too. For example, Liberty Bank (www.bankliberty.com) recently advertised an "eSmart Checking" rate of 3.51%, but you need to make at least 15 purchases a month with your debit card and sign up for at least one direct deposit or automatic withdrawal.


text:
Mishan () is a county-level city in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, China, bordering Russia's Primorsky Krai to the south and southeast. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jixi.

History

Early medieval history
From 698 to 936, the kingdom of Balhae occupied northern Korea and parts of Manchuria and Primorsky Krai, consisting of the Nanai, the Udege, and descendants of the Tungus-speaking people and the people of the recently fallen Goguryeo kingdom of Korea. It bordered the Khitan people, the Shiwei people, the Silla people, and the citizens of Heisui Mohe, most of which is located in modern-day China and Mongolia. The vicinity of Tongjiang  was settled at this moment by Funie Mohe tribes (Hanja/Hanzi: ; ; ). These tribes were submitted to Balhae Kingdom under King Mun's reign (737-793).

Later, King Seon (r.818-830),  administrated their territories by creating a prefecture in the neighbourhood : The Dongpyong Prefecture () with Yiju (), present-day Dangbi () as its administrative centre.

Administrative divisions
Mishan City is divided into 1 subdistrict, 8 towns and 8 townships.
1 subdistrict
 Zhongxin ()
8 towns
 Mishan (), Lianzhushan (), Dangbi (), Zhiyi (), Heitai (), Xingkai (), Peide (), Baiyuwan ()
8 townships
 Liumao (), Yangmu (), Xingkaihu (), Chengzihe (), Errenban (), Taiping (), Heping (), Fuyuan ()

Climate

Sister Cities
Juneau, Alaska

See also

 List of Provinces of Balhae

References

External links
 Map of Mishan County

Balhae
Cities in Heilongjiang
County level divisions of Heilongjiang
Jixi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Two More Women Charged In Death Of Alabama Woman Over EBT Card
Mackenzie Fleming
Two Alabama women have been arrested for allegedly kidnapping and beating a woman to death over food stamps.
According to the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office, Susan Otts, 39, and Tamara Giarrusso, 43, are being charged with kidnapping and capital murder for their alleged roles in the death of Miranda Michelle Lynch, 34, the Associated Press reports.
Karen Kirby, Otts' 57-year-old mother, was charged with the murder last week. She is being held in the Jefferson County Jail.
Lynch was found dead in a mobile home in Jefferson County, Alabama, on Aug. 7.
According to the sheriff's office, the three women allegedly held Lynch against her will in Kirby's home. Over the duration of two days, the women beat Lynch and threatened her in an attempt to obtain information on an EBT card.
Lynch's live-in boyfriend had borrowed Kirby's car to get an EBT card, but wrecked the car on the way and was critically injured, Jefferson County Sheriff's Chief Deputy Randy Christian said.
Following the accident, the three women devised a plan to obtain the benefits from Lynch's boyfriend by copying his EBT card. After Lynch refused to provide the information, Kirby, Otts and Giarrusso started threatening and beating her, according to WBRC.
Lynch was discovered after a caller reported hearing screaming from the mobile home. She was found dead on the bathroom floor and appeared to have suffered from blunt force trauma, according to deputies.
Kirby later admitted to hitting the woman in the head with multiple objects while they were arguing, WBRC reported.
"I've been in this a long time; I've never heard of women participating in something like that," Christian said.
Kirby, Otts and Giarrusso are currently being held at the Jefferson County Jail without bond.
Source: WBRC, AP via ABC 3340 / Photo credit: WBRC
Miranda Lynchkilled over food stampsTamara GiarrussoKary KirbySusan Ottskidnapped for food stamps


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Objectives: The teacher will conduct a workshop on how to write your own dialogue.
Goals: The students will be able to write their own dialogue, as it would be published in a play or other script. It should be able to be read and understood as a real conversation would. This should help students as they prepare for their final creative projects and might, in fact, lead into a final project.
Materials: Two copies of Romeo and Juliet (the play), pencils and paper for each student.
-Pick two students to do the dialogue of Romeo and Juliet. Instruct the students to pick any page and start reading.
-After a few lines, explain to the students that what they just read was the dialogue of the play.
-Explain how dialogue is any back and forth conversation between two parties.
-Break students up into pairs and begin a conversation, each student will write down what the other is saying to them. After each person has taken a few turns of speaking back and forth, they will read what they have back to that person (reverse the conversation, the students will recite the conversation as it took place, but use the dialogue of their partner).
-Pick one or two groups to present their dialogue. The teacher will emphasize that when writing a dialogue from scratch the conversation must flow as if it were really taking place and that when writing a dialogue of two people speaking, the dialogue must be quoted word for word.
-If time remains, allow students to begin working on the dialogue assignment.
Homework: Dialogue Assignment - Half of the class will be instructed to record a conversation between two people (themselves not included) as if it were to be published. The other half of the class will have to invent their own dialogue between two people discussing generational conflict in some way. Both groups are to have their dialogue typed (12 point font, double-spaced) and ready to hand in at the beginning of class the next day. They should keep in mind that when writing these dialogues they should be able to be picked up by anyone and performed/read, flowing as a real conversation would.


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text:
Q: During deploying Django blog on heroku showes me errors When I deploy app in heroku show me this error
remote: ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement apturl==0.5.2 (from -r /tmp/build_16067d5dbf345d8d906970e4d4f44d30/requirements.txt

I searched on internet to finding the  solution of that problem but can't successfully find this.
So I show you what steps I had do for deploy app in heroku
I typed in terminal
heroku login
pip3 freeze
pip3 freeze > requirements.txt

Then for instaling gunicorn type in terminal
pip3 install gunicorn

Then make a file in root directory write name is Procifle in which I write
web: gunicorn django_project.wsgi

Then my heroku blog name
heroku git:remote -a naqviblog

I also show you my requirements.txt file
apturl==0.5.2
asgiref==3.2.3
asn1crypto==0.24.0
blinker==1.4
boto3==1.9.96
botocore==1.12.96
Brlapi==0.6.7
certifi==2018.8.24
chardet==3.0.4
command-not-found==0.3
cryptography==2.3
cupshelpers==1.0
defer==1.0.6
distro==1.3.0
distro-info===0.21ubuntu2
dj-database-url==0.5.0
Django==3.0.4
django-crispy-forms==1.9.0
django-heroku==0.3.1
django-storages==1.7.1
docutils==0.14
entrypoints==0.3
f.lux-indicator-applet==1.1.11rc0
galternatives==1.0.3
gunicorn==20.0.4
httplib2==0.11.3
idna==2.6
jmespath==0.9.3
keyring==17.1.1
keyrings.alt==3.1.1
language-selector==0.1
launchpadlib==1.10.6
lazr.restfulclient==0.14.2
lazr.uri==1.0.3
lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings==1.2.2
louis==3.8.0
macaroonbakery==1.2.1
Mako==1.0.7
MarkupSafe==1.1.0
netifaces==0.10.4
oauth==1.0.1
oauthlib==2.1.0
olefile==0.46
pbr==5.4.4
pexpect==4.6.0
Pillow==5.4.1
protobuf==3.6.1
psycopg2==2.7.7
pycairo==1.16.2
pycrypto==2.6.1
pycups==1.9.73
PyGObject==3.32.0
PyJWT==1.7.0
pymacaroons==0.13.0
PyNaCl==1.3.0
pyOpenSSL==19.0.0
pyRFC3339==1.1
python-apt===1.8.5-ubuntu0.3
python-dateutil==2.7.3
python-debian==0.1.34
python-decouple==3.3
pytz==2018.9
pyxattr==0.6.1
pyxdg==0.25
PyYAML==3.13
reportlab==3.5.18
requests==2.21.0
requests-unixsocket==0.1.5
s3transfer==0.2.0
SecretStorage==2.3.1
simplejson==3.16.0
six==1.12.0
sqlparse==0.3.1
system-service==0.3
systemd-python==234
testresources==2.0.1
ubuntu-advantage-tools==19.2
ubuntu-drivers-common==0.0.0
ufw==0.36
unattended-upgrades==0.1
urllib3==1.24.1
usb-creator==0.3.3
virtualenv==15.1.0
wadllib==1.3.3
whitenoise==4.1.2
xkit==0.0.0
youtube-dl==2019.1.17
zope.interface==4.3.2

Then type in terminal
git add .
git commit -m "commit changes"

finally type
git push heroku master

then showed me this error
Enumerating objects: 77, done.
Counting objects: 100% (77/77), done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (60/60), done.
Writing objects: 100% (67/67), 3.72 MiB | 421.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 67 (delta 21), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote:
remote: -----> Python app detected
remote: -----> Clearing cached dependencies
remote: -----> Installing python-3.6.10
remote: -----> Installing pip
remote: -----> Installing SQLite3
remote: Sqlite3 successfully installed.
remote: -----> Installing requirements with pip
remote:        ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement apturl==0.5.2 (from -r /tmp/build_d533b9574fcab74e6906cdc8732269b2/requirements.txt (line 1)) (from versions: none)
remote:        ERROR: No matching distribution found for apturl==0.5.2 (from -r /tmp/build_d533b9574fcab74e6906cdc8732269b2/requirements.txt (line 1))
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*You added the python-3.7 tag but Heroku says it is using python 3.6. Ensure that both developing and production environment match.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Anyone know the cost to take an Uber or an Cab from the port to the Fort and which fort would be the best to see.
We don't want to go on any tours, just walk around by the port in Ocho Rios. Does anyone have suggestions or know what is within walking distance of the port at Ocho Rios. Thank you for the help.
If you get bad service can you decrease the tips or eliminate them and then tip who you received good service from?
Does anyone know for sure if Red Stripe Beach is still open? I emailed Royal and they said they have discontinued that excursion. What a shame as there is not a decent beach I can find within 1 hour of that port. I think Falmouth is a wasted stop and will not book another cruise that stops there. If someone finds a beach that is not all inclusive please let me know before 1/7/18.
Since RCL has now eliminated the beach tour at Red Stripe does anyone know of a beach that is not all inclusive close to Falmouth? This seems like a worthless port stop to me.
Does anyone have a beach suggestion at Falmouth. I contacted RCL and Red Stripe is no longer available. From what I see this port is a big waste of a stop. To do anything you must travel an hour or more to Montego bay or Ochos Rios. Please someone prove me wrong and give me information on a beach.
I called NCL and was informed the beverage package will not be honored on Harvest Caye and there will be a charge for food. There will be a water taxi to the Belize mainland available for a fee also.
Anyone who has boarded the NCL Jade in Tampa, what time do they allow boarding to begin. I like to get on as soon as possible and often the cruise line will post a time later than they really allow boarding. Also is the boarding process excellent, average or poor. Thank you for the information.


The Jockey Club's Oct. 22nd "Report of Mares Bred" reflects the general contraction underway in the breeding industry, as total numbers of Thoroughbred mares bred nationwide fell 13.5%, to 45,317 coverings in 2009. Pennsylvania was the only state that showed an uptick in breeding rates, and a significant one, with 1,603 mares bred, and an increase of 29.6% over 2008 numbers. As the Blood Horse magazine reports, this is "directly related to the growth in purses at the state's racetracks, which generate revenues for racing from their popular racetrack casino operations." Kentucky's numbers were down 10.6% from 2008 levels, but the state still accounted for 42.2% of all mares covered during 2009, maintaining its historic leadership as the industry's breeding nexus.
And, just for fun, a rare "painted" Thoroughbred filly named Painted Angel was recently sold at the Tattersalls auction in England. The chestnut and white pinto is out of the parti-colored Thoroughbred stallion I Was Framed, an American bred horse now standing at Rectory Farm in England. The beautiful filly would certainly make a unique addition to the solid colored racing scene, but her new owners have as of yet, not decided what her career ambitions will entail.


text:
Four charts that illustrate the Southwest Airlines crisis
Thousands of Southwest Airlines flights were canceled last week due to a blast of extreme cold weather. Complete melting Its flight structure. In the days since, the carrier's fight for recovery has been slow, some passengers argue, and largely unsuccessful. But experts say Southwest's mess is actually the culmination of problems that have been building for years.
Since Dec. 22, the affected airline has canceled more than half of its regular flight schedule, and as of late Wednesday 87% of all canceled flights in the U.S. were from Southwest alone, according to industry watchers FlightRadar24 and FlightAware.
The predicament has irritated the commuters caught the eye Government regulators say the week has been magnified as other major airlines recover from the bitter cold, snow and ice that gripped much of the U.S. over the holiday weekend.
The company apologized to its passengers and employees for the daily cancellations and cut its capacity by two-thirds on Thursday, according to a CNN review of airline data.
This week's meltdown isn't the first time the company has been in this predicament. In October 2021, Southwest canceled more than 2,000 flights over a four-day period. Southwest canceled flights after the airline blamed bad weather in Florida for the crisis Much longer than its competitors.
But much of the Southwest's confusion may be the result of long-term problems unrelated to weather.
Chief among them are outdated internal processes and IT. Planning Organization of the Southwest Not much has changed Since the 1990s, according to Capt. Casey Murray, president of the Southwest Airlines Pilots Association.
Southwest canceled two-thirds of its flights. See how passengers are doing
Southwest also acknowledges the company's outdated infrastructure. "We talked very badly about modernizing the operation and the need to do that," CEO Bob Jordan told employees in a memo obtained by CNN.
Over the years, the flight cancellation rate has tripled from 2013 to September 2022, according to the latest data from the US Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Tracks Performance of airlines and before the recent crisis.
The bureau has only released data up to September 2022. To ensure a fair comparison, CNN only analyzed the carrier's data from January through September in previous years.
Cancellation rates between airlines vary from year to year, depending on weather and other factors such as Covid-19, resulting in major disruption across the industry in the early months of the pandemic in 2020.
But Southwest, like its rivals, has failed to keep up with the cancellations, according to bureau data.
In several years over the past decade, the airline had higher cancellation rates compared to other major airlines, the data shows.
This is not just a cancellation. Southwest has also seen its time percentage decline in recent years to its lowest point in a decade. As of September 2022, even before the carrier's current struggles, only 7 of its 10 flights had arrived on time.
See also Chris Hipkins to replace Jacinda Ardern as New Zealand Prime Minister
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NFL DFS Thursday Night Football picks, Week 17: Cowboys vs. Titans Fantasy Lineup Advice for Draft Kings
Live coverage of the double homicide investigation


Today, MOTÖRHEAD is releasing a brand new track from their upcoming 21st studio album, Aftershock, entitled 'Crying Shame'. This track, written and performed by the world's most legendary heavy metal band, is being unleashed by none other than the world's most legendary music magazine, Rolling Stone. You can listen to 'Crying Shame', the second new track released to the masses, exclusively at RollingStone.com now.
MOTÖRHEAD's other new single, 'Heartbreaker', is spinning now on Sirius XM's Liquid Metal and Ozzy's Boneyard channels.
Aftershock hits stores in North America on October 22, 2013 via UDR Music. Recorded at NRG Studios in North Hollywood, Aftershock is a true leveler, a crushing confirmation of everything MOTÖRHEAD stands for, marching from the dust storm to deliver 14 belting statements which see MOTÖRHEAD in perhaps their best writing form for years.
You can pre-order the next chapter of MOTÖRHEAD's legendary catalog now in Limited Edition Digipack format via Amazon.com at this link. The album is also available for pre-order now in regular CD format and vinyl (gatefold – 180-Gram Single LP) format (digital coming soon).
The Noisecreep.com 'Most Anticipated Release of October' Poll is still live! MOTÖRHEAD's Aftershock is in the running, so make sure to head over toNoisecreep.com and cast your vote!
This entry was posted on September 25, 2013 at 10:00 pm and is filed under All Metal, Artist Watch, Featured, New Music, News, Previews, Releases, Reviews, Shows, Uncategorized with tags Aftershock, Crying Shame, Heartbreaker, Lemmy, Motorhead.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
Sakshinatheswarar Temple or Thiruppurambiyam Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the God Shiva located in Thiruppurambiyam, Tamil Nadu, India. Shiva is worshipped as Sakshinathar, and is represented here by a Lingam. His consort, Parvati, is depicted as Ikshuvani. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, Thevaram, written by Tamil saint poets, known as the Nayanmaars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam.

The temple complex covers two acres and is located close to the Sarangapani temple. It houses two gateway towers known as gopurams. The tallest is the western tower, with five storeys and it has a height of . The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Sakshinathar, Ikshuvani, and Dakshinamurthy being the most prominent.

The temple has six daily rituals (poojahs) at various times from 6:00 a.m. to 9 p.m., and twelve yearly festivals on its calendar. The Maasi Magam festival celebrated during the day of the star, Magam (of the period February - March), is the most prominent festival here.

The present masonry structure was built during the rule of Nayak in the 16th century. At present, the temple is maintained and administered by Madurai Adheenam.

Legend

As per Hindu legend, Shiva descended to give evidence (Sakshi in Tamil) for a Chettiar lady and hence the presiding deity came to be known as Sakshinathar. Vannimaram, a tree also gave evidence in the same case. The legend is documented both in Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam and the legend of the temple. As per another legend, the place was not affected by the great deluge (puram) and remained beyond it (puram), which is locally called Thirupurambiyam. Once, Shiva appeared as Dakshinamurthy when a farmer carrying log of wood worshipped Shiva in this place. The shrine of Dakshinamurthy outside the gateway tower is believed to be the place where Shiva appeared. As per another legend, there was a king named Ariduvssan who was cursed by sage Durvasa. He worshipped Shiva at this place to relieve himself off the curse.

History

Thiruppurambiyam was the fierce battlefield in the 9th century deciding the bright future of Cholas.  Chola king Aditya I built a temple in sweet remembrance of the turn of tide in his favour and named it Aditeshwaram.  The present name of the presiding deity is Sakshinathar, and the consort's name is Kuraivilla Azhagi (Goddess with unsurpassed beauty).  The sanctum of the consort was built by the Chola King Rajaraja Chola I.  The sanctum wall contains beautiful sculptures of Parivara devatas(other deities of Siva temple).  Lord Ganesa, the elephant god is performed honey showering on the day of Vinayagar Chaturthi and all the honey showered down on Him is absorbed. The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the northern banks of River Kaveri. An inscription on the west wall of the central shrine belonging to the period of Gandaraditya Chola indicates that a gift of 2 ma of land was given to the temple by Savandi Kumaran, Madevan of Idayarkudi, a local chieftian of Innambarnadu.

Architecture

Sakshinatheswarar Temple is dedicated to Shiva and is located in Thirupurambiyam, a village in the South Indian stae of Tamil Nadu. The nearest railway station is in Kumbakonam, about 8 kilometres from the place. The nearest airport is in Trichy. Thirupurambiyam is situated in 5km from the Kumbakonam - Swamimalai main road. The temple has a 5-tier Rajagopuram and an outer prakaram(closed precincts of a temple). The sanctum of Sakshinatheswarar is in the second precinct and the shrine of Amman is located perpendicular to the Swami shrine. The shrine is Nandi is located in front of Swami, with the Palipeeda and Dwajasthambam located right behind the Nandi. There is a Nataraja hall and a yagasalai. There are separate shrines for Natarajar, Somaskanda, Karpaga Vinayagar and Navagrahas. There are separate shrines for Nalvar, Dakshinamurthy, Nrithivu Nayakkar, Arthanariswarar, Mahalakshmi, Arumugam, Brahma, Durga and Chandikeswarar. There are four water bodies associated with the temple.

Religious significance

The temple finds mention in Tevaram, the 7th century 12 volume Saiva canonical work by Tamil saints, namely Appar, Sundarar and Campantar. It is one of the shrines of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams glorified in the Saiva canon. Masimagam is the major festival celebrated in the temple. Adipooram and Navarathri uthsavam for Ambal, Annabishekam, Kanthasashti, Karthigai Mahadeepam, Karthigai Sunday theerthavari and Panguni Uthram are some of the prominent festivals celebrated. The temple priests perform the puja (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed six times a day; Kalasanthi at 6:00 a.m., Irandam Kalm at 9:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 12:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 6:00 p.m,  Irandam Kalm at 7:30 p.m., and Arthajamam at 9:00 p.m.. Each ritual comprises four steps: abhisheka (sacred bath), alangaram (decoration), naivethanam (food offering) and deepa aradanai (waving of lamps) for Sakshinatheswarar and Ikshuvani. There are weekly rituals like  (Monday) and  (Friday), fortnightly rituals like pradosham, and monthly festivals like amavasai (new moon day), kiruthigai, pournami (full moon day) and sathurthi. Masi Maham during the Tamil month of Maasi (February - March), Shivaratri in February- March and Panguni Uthiram during Panguni are the major festivals celebrated in the temple. During the Vinayagar Chathurthi festival, ablution is performed on the Vinayagar deity with honey, which is absorbed by the deity. The temple is counted is one of the 24 important centres associated with Dakshinamurthy.

References

External links

Shiva temples in Thanjavur district
Padal Petra Stalam


The Lifepath project, involving 15 institutions in Europe, the US and Australia, has been supported by a six million euro grant from the EU's Horizon 2020 programme.
Many previous studies have shown that health outcomes in later life are strongly influenced by wealth and social status. Traditional risk factors such as diet and smoking account for a fraction of this link. Other factors such as psychosocial stress and genetic influences may be important, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood.
Professor Paolo Vineis from the School of Public Health at Imperial College London, who leads the consortium, said: "We know that it's possible to remain healthy into old age, and this is much more likely among people with high socioeconomic status. We want to better understand why, so we can make healthy ageing a reality for everyone, not just the wealthiest parts of society."
Researchers will also evaluate the health impact of experimental programmes that give cash to families with low incomes to incentivise positive behaviours such as taking children to the doctor or keeping them in school. One such programme, Opportunity NYC, which ran from 2007 to 2010, randomly assigned some families to receive cash rewards, and compared their outcomes to families not receiving the benefits.
Previous studies have suggested that the negative impacts of poverty may be mediated in part by higher levels of inflammation in the body. Steve Horvath at UCLA proposed that a type of DNA modification called methylation can act as a biological clock revealing a person's age. Preliminary findings from the Lifepath consortium show that people with lower socioeconomic status have an older biological age as indicated by their levels of DNA methylation.
The consortium, which includes scientists, economists and policy experts, hope to amass evidence to inform efforts to reduce health inequality. "There are competing views of how to address these problems," said Professor Vineis. "For example, some people advocate investment in health education, while others think money should be given directly to people on low incomes. These are open questions, and we hope this project will help to identify the best approaches."


We guide clients through the difficult journey of an unplanned pregnancy that culminates in new life - for mom and baby. But the struggle doesn't end there. This gift helps a client relieve some of the financial stress that can come with a newborn. Gift cards will go toward essential care items, such as formula, diapers, or other baby necessities for clients.


Directions: From Lake Lure, take HWY 64/74 east to left on Bills Creek Road, left on Buffalo Creek Road, Right on Buffalo Shoals to left into Rumbling Bald Resort. Follow Quail Ridge by marina to right on Hemlock, left on Rumbling Bald, right on Quail Ridge. Home is on the left.


We are proud to offer a wide variety of ovens for your laboratory. If you require higher temperatures please visit our MUFFLE FURNACE section. Please do not hesitate to call us at 1-800-343-5319 for help finding the product you require.
Yes, these shelves are removable. This product comes with 2 shelves but can fit up to 8 shelves in total.
what is the meaning of mechanical oven.
A mechanical oven is the same as a convection oven, like the one you most likely have in your kitchen. The oven has a fan that circulates and intensifies the heat.
A mechanical convection oven is one that contains blowers to circulate the air withing the oven chamber. This helps to ensure a uniform temperature throughout the oven.
what is the difference between mechanical and convection oven?
A mechanical or forced convection oven has a blower of some sort to circulate the air inside the oven. This will keep the air at a more uniform temperature throughout the interior of the oven. A gravity convection oven does not have anything to circulate the air. In larger ovens this can lead to some portions of the oven being at different temperatures due to thermal motion.
In this instance, mechanical convection means that the oven has an interior fan that circulates the air. This allows for a more even distribution of heat and prevents hot spots from developing within the oven.
Is this oven appropriate for epa method 160.2 (TSS)?
Yes, this oven will achieve and hold the temperature requirements for TSS methods.


The US State Department has ordered non-emergency US personnel to leave Lebanon and also approved voluntary evacuation from southern Turkey.
The department cited current tensions in the region, but did not specifically mention Syria.
The department also warned US citizens travelling in Lebanon and Turkey to remain alert to potential danger.
It did not offer details of any threats to the US embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, or the consulate in Adana, Turkey.
Congress is debating a request by President Barack Obama to wage a military strike against Syria. The BBC reports votes are expected to be held next week in the Senate and the House of Representatives.


Christophel, Virgil John Ypsilanti, Michigan Age 89, peacefully passed away Tuesday, November 6, 2018 with his loving family by his side. He was born October 27, 1929 (the day the stock market crashed) in Decatur, IL, the son of John and Verna Mae (Cook) Christophel. On June 23, 1951, he married Gladys Marie Wright in Ypsilanti and she preceded him in death November 18, 1998. Virgil was a veteran of the U.S. Army during the Korean War where he was a medic. He served from 1951 1953 and was stationed in Germany for seventeen months. Before entering the Army he worked for Henry Hauk Farm in Canton. After the Army he worked as a draftsman for Henry Ford but transferred to and retired from Ford Motor Company, Ypsilanti plant. After retirement he transported cars for several area car dealers. Virgil graduated from Willow Run High School in 1969 through the adult education program and graduated from Detroit Engineering Institute with a mechanical drafting in diesel engineering degree. He attended the First United Methodist Church in Ypsilanti. Virgil was a member of the local U.A.W. 849, the V.F.W., the American Legion Post 282 and was a Boy Scout leader. He loved to restore antique cars and trucks and also loved music. He was a tuba player and member of the Washtenaw and Dexter Community Bands. Survivors include: daughters, Carol Marie Heeringa of Whittaker and Pamela Diane Onyskin of Ypsilanti; son Gregory Alan (Juanita) Christophel of Covington, KY; daughter-in-law Audrey (Dave) MacTavish of Taylor; nine grandchildren, Tennille (Tommy) Newsome; David (Amy) Heeringa II, John Heeringa, Todd (Stacy) Onyskin, Kimberly Heeringa, Tracy Onyskin, Matthew Christophel, Thomas (Karrie) Onyskin and Cortney (Rod) Ipakchian; sixteen great grandchildren, Thomas and Jeremy Newsome, David III and Brynn Heeringa, Camron and Ryan Heeringa, Austin, Alexis, Leland and Everly Onyskin, Victoria Heeringa, Elizabeth, Isabelle and Alivia Onyskin and Mya Bean and Maddox Ipakchian; and several nieces and nephews. In addition to his wife, he was preceded in death by his parents and one son Gary Virgil Christophel. The funeral service will be 1:30 pm Monday, November 12, 2018 at Stark Funeral Service with his niece, Suzanne Graham, officiating. Burial will follow in Alban Cemetery. Contributions in his memory may be made to either the Washtenaw County Veterans Honor Guard or the Washtenaw Community Band. Envelopes are available at the funeral home where the family will receive friends from 11 am until time of service Monday. Please sign his guest book at www.starkfuneral.com.
"grandpa I love you so much you were the best role model in..."
"I am so sorry for the loss of your loved one. May the God..."


I am 75 years young – mother of seven, grandmother of seven, and soon-to-be the great-grandmother of a little boy. I am aiming for seven great-grandchildren! I was born in France, three months after the war started in 1939. I worked in the US army as an international switchboard operator where I met my husband. We lived in El Paso, Texas and Santa Monica, California before landing in Winston-Salem, NC to be closer to family.
I love God, Jesus, my family, people and animals. I am having a harder time "loving thy neighbor." Love is not what he needs; a swift kick to the kazoo would be better!
I am tenacious. I got the gift of tenacity from my father. I do not give up, and when I am having a hard time "being perfect," all I have to do is look at a picture stamped in the back with the infamous "Stalag 17" where my father was a prisoner of war. He never gave up, never lost hope that he would come home, and he did. He gave me that gift!


How to file CMP-04 on GST Portal?
A Composition Dealer who wants to opt out of Composition Scheme has to file GST CMP-04.
Fails to fulfill any of the conditions for availing the scheme.
GST CMP-04 has to be filed within 7 days from the date on which the taxpayer plan to opt out of Composition Scheme or is ineligible to be covered in the scheme.
A dealer has to opt out the day on which they fail to fulfill all the conditions to be complied by a Composition Dealer.
A Composition Dealers turnover exceeds the Rs 1.5 crore on 15th December 2017.
The dealer will have to file CMP-04 by 22nd December 2017.
Step 2: Go to 'Services' > 'Registration' > 'Application for Withdrawal from Composition Levy'.
Step 3: Select the reason for withdrawal from the drop down.
Step 4: Select the 'Verification' check-box, 'Name of Authorized Signatory' and enter the 'Place' field.
Click on 'SAVE' button and file your CMP-04 using DSC or EVC.
The 'Taxpayer Type' under 'My Profile' gets changed to 'Regular' on the successful filing of GST CMP-04.


Food chain activity includes 36 disposable vests, yarn, and a guide.
Explore the interdependent relationships of organisms from nine different biomes using Roylco's "Who Eats Who?" Illustrated Food Chain Group Activity set. The vests included in this set use fun illustrations of plants and animals to spark interest in biodiversity. The lightweight, disposable sheets are fun to color and wear for learning and active play! Recommended for ages 5 and up.
Includes: 36 vests, 8.9" x 8.9" (22.7 x 22.7 cm) and yarn.
Each sheet is color-coded to represent a different level of the food chain.


Small Business Development Center Uwec is located at the address 210 Water St in Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54703. They can be contacted via phone at (715) 836-5811 for pricing, hours and directions.
For maps and directions to Small Business Development Center Uwec view the map to the right. For reviews of Small Business Development Center Uwec see below.


This page contains Cheats for Pipe By BMX Streets organized by sections for Xbox One. This game has "Sports" as genre, made by Mash Games, released on Feb 7, 2018. If you can't find a hint or secret in our list, then please check this page periodically for the latest updates.
When does bmx pipe update?


text:
'use strict';

let React = require('react');
let Link = require('react-router').Link;

const Whoops404 = React.createClass({
  render() {
    return (

Whoops...!

We cannot find the page that you have requested.
          Were you looking for one of these:

        <Link to={`/`}>Join as Audience</Link>
        <Link to={`/board`}>View the board</Link>

    );
  }
});

module.exports = Whoops404;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We have 100's of new properties in the best locations on the Gold Coast and will help you buy the perfect property at the right price.
We provide you with the knowledge and tools to design a fool proof 'turnkey' solution for long term wealth generation and financial stability.
Esteemed Property specialise in Project Marketing, New Property Sales and Property Investment. We specialise in the sale of medium scale residential land projects, townhouse complexes and small unit developments that require a fast and seamless turn around time to assist with viability and project success. We help you create the right product for the market and develop a streamlined sales process pre, during and post construction.
Our experienced team understand the market and know how to get the job done, effectively and quickly. We get involved early in the project and assist with creating a strong brand and potentially successful product type, allowing us to achieve quicker sales and the best possible results for our developers.
We assist with positioning and marketing the project and provide clear insight as to how best to sell out the project quickly and stress-free.
Whether you're a small developer or a builder who sells your own stock, we have the perfect selling solution for your next Property Development.
Our experienced team understand the market and know how to get the job done, effectively and quickly. We fill a number of important roles for property developers (and potential developers) but mostly what we really do is remove the headaches or potential roadblocks to a successful development.
Whether it be clever branding and identity building, through to perfect price point and sales pipeline management, we do the lot, and we have a few hidden tricks up our sleeve.
While historically houses have made up the majority of the market, the current living trends have driven apartment demand up dramatically.
Just because a property is available or for sale does not mean that it is a suitable investment. Very few properties are suitable for serious investment.
Entering the property market as soon as you can opens doors to opportunity, growth, wealth, and in many cases, happiness. I was once told 'money doesn't bring you happiness…but it does buy you things that do' and real estate is probably the safest way to build your wealth.
This easy to follow Investment Guide will show you how simple it is to set up your financial future.


text:
artisanguitaroriginals.com
Domestic and Exotic Wood - What's the Difference?
When it comes to making guitars, there is a difference between domestic and exotic wood.
Understanding Domestic and Exotic Wood Types
Exotic wood usually refers to lumber that comes from a tropical region. All of the rosewoods are considered exotic. Rosewoods grow in South and Central America, east India and various Asian forests. Mahogany is another type of exotic wood. Most of the mahogany used in musical instruments comes from Central America. Ebony is also an exotic wood used primarily for fret boards. Ebony comes mostly from Africa and India but is found in other parts of the world also. Rosewood, Mahogany and Ebony have been the most consistently used woods on guitars.
Domestic woods usually refer to lumber from the northern hemisphere. Here in the United States, we refer to domestic wood as that which grows in North America. Spruce and Western Red Cedar are domestic woods that are used for sound boards. Walnut and Maple have been used very successfully for backs and sides on acoustic guitars. Here in Texas, I have used domestic woods like Mesquite, Osage Orange and Huisache.
Domestic and exotic woods have both been used to create some of the most wonderful guitars. Exotic woods like Rosewood have been used for backs and sides since the new world was discovered. Brazilian Rosewood has been used on some of the finest guitars. Some people believe that you could not have a fine guitar unless it was built with Brazilian Rosewood. In recent years, most countries have adopted the CITIES treaty which stopped the export of Brazilian Rosewood. Other Rosewoods are now under much tighter import and export controls. I think guitar builders will be looking to domestic woods more and more in the future. Many excellent guitars have been built with domestic wood. Traditions are slow to change, but I believe players will come to appreciate domestic wood guitars as much as exotic.
Wood Trends
In recent years many luthiers (including myself) have started using reclaimed and repurposed wood for guitar building. I have purchased Sinker Redwood that was recovered from the bottom of a river where it had been for over a hundred years. I used that wood for sound boards. Redwood logs were floated down rivers, and some of them sank to bottom. These old growth logs are now highly sought after. The same thing happened in the Belize River in the 1800s when the British were harvesting Mahogany. Nowadays, divers are going into these rivers and hoisting these logs out for many uses including guitars.
I have purchased Western Red Cedar that came from trees that were killed by fire in the 1920s but were not accessible by logging trucks. Eighty years later the trees were cut and flown out by helicopter.
With proper permitting Brazilian Rosewood stumps (cut before the ban) can be harvested and resold. With new restrictions come new solutions. Do not be misled by tradition. Domestic woods can produce wonderful guitars, and many of these woods are in abundant supply. Many exotic woods that were ignored in the past are now being explored for tonal qualities with great success. Individual luthiers are leading the way with new possibilities from both domestic and exotic wood.
Guitar Advice – 10 Top Tips for Picking Your Next Guitar
Cheap Guitars: Factory vs. Handmade Guitars
Need guitar advice on picking a new custom guitar? Before you order your next instrument, be sure to look for these things.
Guitar Kits Vs. Custom Guitars - Which is Best for You?
There are a number guitar kits on the market nowadays. Every kit that I have seen is a copy of a well known guitar model.
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