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Welcome to MRH
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School as Expedition
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District Spotlight
MRH MS Named a U.S. Dept of Educ Green Ribbon School
MRH Wins National Magna Award for R&B Band Program
MRHHS Again Named as a 2017 Breakthrough School
MRH Annual Performance Score Rises Again
Middle School Principal's Page
MRHMS LATEST NEWS FOR YOU
MRH MIDDLE SCHOOL UPDATES
Students at MRH Middle School are immersed both inside and outside the classroom in a variety of experiences through the metaphor, "School as Expedition."
Learning expeditions are in-depth studies of a topic that engage students through authentic projects, real-life studies, fieldwork, and service. Expeditions occur within the school walls when the community is brought into the classroom through expert guest speakers and outside of the classroom, as a journey to conduct fieldwork.
EARLY RELEASE - February 4, 2020 - dismissal at 1:25 pm
MRH MS VALENTINES SOCIAL - February 13th 7-9 pm at Rockin' Jump Trampoline Park located at 7375 Watson Road, Shrewsbury, MO 63119. Fill out waiver attached HERE
NO SCHOOL - February 14, 2020 - Professional Development Day
NO SCHOOL - February 17, 2020 - Presidents' Day
MRH MS Yearbook - See the attached flyer. Yearbook Orders online through March 4, 2020.
Students of the Week - Recognized by our staff for upholding our cornerstones of Leadership, Scholarship, Citizenship, and Stewardship. With last weeks snow day we have two students of the week for both grade levels.
Colten Huft
Colten is our 7th grade student of the week! Colten exhibits pride and ownership in his work. He perseveres through all tasks and challenges. Colten holds himself to high standards and encourages his peers to do the same. His presence has a positive impact on any group he works with. We are so glad to have Colten on our team!
Jada Pickens
Jada Pickens in our 8th grade student of the week. Jada always contributes insightful writing and demonstrates diligence with learning tasks. She shows leadership and tackles all responsibilities with confidence. Way to go Jada!
Angela Suazo
Angela is our 7th grade student of the week. Angela is a quiet leader who sets a great example for her peers. She works hard and takes pride in her work. She is a proactive learner that takes responsibility for her education. Keep up the great work, Angela.
Daniel Steingruby
Daniel Steingruby is our 8th grade student of the week. Daniel is conscientious with all assignments and class discussions. He makes very meaningful contributions and sets a good pace for others to follow. Daniel enhances our learning environment in creative and thoughtful ways. Thank you, Daniel!!
Stay tuned for information heading your way regarding our end of year expeditions to Tremont and Ocean Springs. Less than 10% of our students do not attend our end of year expeditions due to health, family obligations, or behavior issues. Below is an excerpt from our handbook that was shared with all families at the beginning of the year regarding behavior concerns and attendance to our end of year expeditions.
LEARNING AND WORKING
The student's primary job at school is to grow as a scholar, leader, citizen, and steward. During the learning process, we want the students to enjoy working with the teachers and classmates. In order to do that, it is important that we make sure that each student understands exactly what is expected of them to uphold the cornerstones.
The middle school curriculum is built on the principles of expeditionary learning. Most units of study involve field experience, reflection on the learning, and exhibits of excellent student work. Field experiences can vary and range from local trips to area businesses, community and county parks, or out of state trips to the Smoky Mountains or Gulf of Mexico. Daily student behavior related to safety may directly impact participation in these experiences.
**Students may not be allowed to participate in expeditions if they demonstrate unsafe or uncooperative behavior. In these circumstances, students will meet with the teachers and/or administration to determine if they will be allowed to participate in the extended expeditions. Students are also expected to meet expectations for being in class on time and attendance to school.
WEEKLY LEARNING HIGHLIGHTS
Sixth grade E4 students joined with the MS E4 students last week to begin their work on the Model United Nations. The Model UN is an educational simulation that allows students to "become" UN ambassadors, learning about diplomacy, international relations, and the roles of the United Nations. This opportunity also allows students to hone their research, writing, public speaking and critical thinking skills. Throughout the day, students engaged in a variety of activities. To begin, they worked in small research teams to investigate various aspects of the UN, including its history, its purpose and principles, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the six main organs of the UN. Teams created elevator pitches (brief accounts of their findings) which they presented to the entire group. Students also discussed how becoming aware of the world's injustices affect their social responsibility. Other activities of the day were designed to help students feel more connected to their peers, including team building and a shared lunch. The day ended with guest speaker, Bobbi Kennedy, from Civitas STL. Bobbi talked with students about how to approach crafting their UN resolutions, and then students received their delegate country assignments, which they will work on during one of their next meetings. Students will continue to collaborate with their fellow delegates to design resolutions for the April simulation.
GIRLS ON THE RUN!!!!!!!
Girls on the Run! – a life-changing, non-profit program for girls in the 3rd through 8th grade. Our mission is to inspire girls to be joyful, healthy and confident using a fun, experience-based curriculum which creatively integrates running."
The 20-lesson Girls on the Run curriculum combines training for a 5K (3.1 miles) running event with lessons that inspire girls to become independent thinkers, enhance their problem solving skills and make healthy decisions. All of this is accomplished through an active collaboration with girls and their parents, schools, volunteers, staff, and the community.
Girls on the Run is an Independent Council of Girls on the Run International, which has a network of 200+ locations across the United States and Canada.
Girls on the Run® is a 501©3 non-profit organization dedicated to creating a world where every girl knows and activates her limitless potential and is free to boldly pursue her dreams.
Meeting twice a week in small teams of 8-15 girls, we teach life skills through dynamic, conversation-based lessons and running games. The 20-lesson curriculum is taught by certified Girls on the Run coaches and includes three parts: understanding ourselves, valuing relationships and teamwork and understanding how we connect with and shape the world at large.
Running is used to inspire and motivate girls, encourage lifelong health and fitness, and build confidence through accomplishment. At each season's conclusion, the girls and their running buddies, complete a 5k running event. Completing a 5k gives the girls a tangible sense of achievement as well as a framework for setting and achieving life goals. The result—making the seemingly impossible, possible and teaching girls that they can.
Heart & Sole Flyer
Here's a video to view!
https://girlsontherunstlouis.org/program/about-program/heart-sole-program
Registration for the Middle School opens up Friday, January 17, 2020! Girls on the Run Flyer
Practices will be held Tuesday & Wednesdays from 3:05 pm to 4:20 pm. To register please visit Girls on the Run Registration
BASKETBALL, SOFTBALL AND
NEW TRACK AND FIELD TEAMS!!!
Registration - February 1-14, 2020
Space is limited
Registration for Baseball, Softball and the new Track and Field teams with MRH Youth Sports will be from February 1st-14th, 2020. Registration is online at www.mrhys.org. Space is limited and registration must be completed within the registration window.
Children ages 5 (rising Kindergartners)- current 8th grade are eligible to register for baseball and softball. Current 6th-8th graders are eligible to register for track and field.
Financial aid is available and can be applied for via the link https://drive.google.com/file/d/15G25NgH6mVww86dYseJ6OgUtnn-h0ki3/view?usp=sharing
More information, and answers to many of your FAQs, can be found at www.mrhys.org under "Our programs."
Spelling Bee Results - Please take a moment to congratulate 7th grader, Daniel Matz, our 2019-2020 MRH Middle School Spelling Bee Champion. 7th grader, Daria Martin, was our runner-up!
We are so proud of all who participated and look forward to cheering on Daniel when he competes at the regional bee in March. Here are a few words from the final round: Lascaux, hydrargyrum, dropsonde, xylyl, divan, argyria and Connemara.
Congrats Daniel Matz!
How can I help as a parent?
Lately, we have had parents ask how they can help our Middle School. One of the things we try to provide for the students are healthy snacks! Daily we have students who have missed breakfast or just need a little extra because they are hitting growth spurts. Next time you go grocery shopping, please feel free to pick up a box of granola bars or some other type of healthy snack for the office.
A special thanks to any parent that has donated snacks to the Middle School! Your contributions are greatly appreciated!
ATTENDANCE REMINDER
If a student is going to be absent, please remember to call or email Mrs. Jonas, our Middle School Administrative Assistant, by 9 a.m. She can be reached at (314) 644-4406 or tonya.jonas@mrhschools.net
Leaving School Early
If a student needs to be picked up early, parents should go to the Central Office to sign their child out. The Central Office will contact the Middle School Secretary. The Middle School will send your student to the Central Office for check out. In order to protect instructional time, students will not be called from class until the parent has arrived at school.
Morning Arrival and Morning Academic Support Information
A reminder that students should not be dropped off or allowed to walk to school and arrive prior to 7:45 am. We do not have official supervision until this time.
Students may be dropped off or arrive at 7:45 if they are attending an academic lab prior to school. The schedule is pictured above. If your child is not attending an academic lab in the morning, then there is no need for them to arrive prior to 8:00 am. Last year, we purposely moved our start time back to 8:30. This decision was based on the research of teens and their sleep patterns.
Please make sure you are having conversations with your children about their plans after school. Students are always welcome to use our office phones after school to notify you they are going to a friend's house, Maplewood Pool, The Heights, Learning Labs, etc. Undoubtedly, the middle school student will at some point forget to tell you where they are going. If this happens, please contact the school at (314) 644-4406 or (314) 446-3900.
Permission Slips
We spend time away from school to learn through our metaphor - School as Expedition. Because of this, we would be sending home permission slips on a weekly basis. However, when your child enrolls at MRH, parents sign a permission slip for students to leave campus, making weekly permission slips unnecessary. The middle school operates under a "duty to inform" parents that we will be taking your child off-campus. Expect to see these via email.
Lunch and Breakfast Menus
Check out Mealviewer or get the app for your Android or Apple.
https://schools.mealviewer.com/results/mrh
Michael Dittrich | 7539 Manchester, Maplewood, MO 63143
MRHMS FINALS INFORMATION
Principal Dittrich- Maplewood Richmond Heights Middle School
10:21 AM (5 minutes ago)
to msteachers
Updated Schedule - Finals Information
Due to the recent inclement weather and required minutes for attendance with Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, MRH Middle School and High School will be extending both Thursday and Friday to full academic days. Extending these days will also assist staff and students in preparation for finals that are scheduled for this week.
Please be aware that this will also change our daily schedules and which classes will take place on which dates. Below you will find two separate schedules. The first schedule is based on having school Tuesday through Friday of this week. The second schedule is based on not having school again tomorrow Tuesday December 17th. While we are expecting to have school tomorrow, we want to have a plan and communicate that plan to our stakeholders.
Schedule for the remainder of the week if we return to school on Tuesday:
Tuesday - Regular B Day
Wednesday- Regular A Day
Thursday- Regular B Day- Finals for all B Day classes
Friday- Regular A Day- Finals for all A Day classes
Schedule for remainder of week if have an additional snow day on Tuesday:
Wednesday- Straight 8 Schedule. Students will have all eight classes to help with review for finals.
SNOW DAY CHALLENGE
Are you ready for MRHMS First Snow Day Challenge? If so, your challenge is to show your Blue Devil Pride! Be creative, have fun and most importantly be safe!
Here are some ideas to get you started:
Create something in the snow that shows your Blue Devil Pride (A blue snowman? Is it possible?)
Create something indoors that shows your Blue Devil Pride.
Do a good deed for a family member, friend or neighbor like do the dishes while your parents are working today.
Shovel a fire hydrant, mailbox, sidewalk or driveway.
You are not limited to these ideas.
With your parent's permission, take a photo depicting your Blue Devil Pride and share it on twitter to @mrhmiddleschool or post it to our MRH Middle School Facebook page.
Have fun and stay warm!
Calendar of Events/ Announcements
END OF 2ND QUARTER/1ST SEMESTER - December 20, 2019
WINTER BREAK - December 23 - January 3, 2020. School will resume on January 6, 2020
MRH MS WEEKLY UPDATE, 12-13-19
FINALS - December 18 - Exams A1, A2 & A3 (full day)
FINALS - December 19 - Exams B1, B2 & B3 (early release at 1:28 pm)
FINALS - December 20 - Exams A4 & B4 (early release at 12:03 pm)
Teacher PD Work Day - January 3, 2020
Students of the Week - Recognized by our staff for upholding our cornerstones of Leadership, Scholarship, Citizenship, and Stewardship.
Jaxon Miller
Jaxon is a 7th-grade student of the Week. Jaxon is personable, an energetic learner and works well with her peers. She exhibits strong leadership skills when working in groups and demonstrates perseverance when challenges arise. We are so lucky to have such a hard-working and kindhearted student on our team!
Olivia Hayden
Olivia Hayden is an 8th-grade student of the week. Olivia demonstrates diligence, assuring she is on top of all tasks and assignments. Over the holiday break, she took great care in making sure that her assignments were completed. Olivia puts forth a great deal of effort and connects well with her peers. When facing challenges, she tries to persevere. Keep moving in the right direction, Olivia! We are thankful you are part of our 8th-grade family.
Alex Manipula
Alex is a 7th-grade student of the week. Alex is kind, patient and helpful to peers. He is diligent and precise in his work; Alex exhibits a sense of maturity and responsibility and brings positive energy to the school community. MRHMS is fortunate to have him as a part of our 7th-grade team.
Peter Pongruska
Peter Pongruska is an 8th-grade student of the week. Peter is always kind to others and encourages friends on a daily basis. He can usually be found providing positive peer pressure in order to demonstrate leadership in the halls and classrooms. Peter strives to put careful thought into making meaningful learning contributions. We salute you, Peter!
MRH Middle Schoolers Hear From Author of Bilingual Book About Pet Loss Connecticut author Daisy Torres visits MRH Middle School.Daisy Torres lost her best friend and loyal companion in the summer of 2018. Lily was her 14 year old dog.
For Torres, a former Spanish language teacher and school administrator from Meriden, Connecticut, the loss was so great that she was moved to fulfill her lifelong dream of authoring a book.
"I'll See You on the Bridge" debuted in November and Torres' first book-signing Connecticut author Daisy Torres visits MRH Middle School.took place in downtown St. Louis last week at the Learning Forward national conference. There, she ran into Maplewood Richmond Heights Middle School principal Mike Dittrich, who has worked with Torres for 18 months via a mutual professional educational program.
"I knew right away that I wanted her to come speak to our middle school students," said Dittrich. "I figured, I'll just ask her and the worst that can happen is, she'll say no."
"I was honored to be asked to come here," said Torres, who presented an hour-long talk in Eve Welge's foreign language class on Tuesday. She opened the discussion by asking each student to talk briefly about their pets.
Connecticut author Daisy Torres visits MRH Middle School."I'll See You on the Bridge" is written in both English and Spanish. Torres explains that the book's purpose is to help youngsters cope when a beloved pet passes.
"Pet loss is often not viewed the same as the loss of a human. However, for some, it can be even more devastating. The holidays are often a time of joy with family and friends. For others, this is one of the most difficult times of year, especially for those who have experienced a loss. The stages of grief are complicated and definitely not linear. Like grief for our friends and loved ones, grief for our animal companions can only be dealt with over time, but there are healthy ways to cope with the pain."
Torres outlines her coping mechanisms:
- Don't let anyone tell you how to feel and don't tell yourself how to feel either. Your grief is your own, and no one else can tell you when it's time to "move on" or "get over it." Let yourself feel whatever you feel without embarrassment or judgment. It's okay to be angry, to cry or not to cry. It's also okay to laugh, to find moments of joy, and to let go when you're ready.
- Reach out to others who have lost pets. If your own friends and family members are not sympathetic about pet loss, find someone who is. Often, another person who has also experienced the loss of a beloved pet may better understand what you're going through.
- Honor them. Preparing a memorial, compiling a photo album or scrapbook, or otherwise sharing the memories you enjoyed with your pet, can help celebrate the life of your bridge baby.
- Practice self-care. The stress of losing a pet can quickly take a toll on your emotional state, especially around the holidays. Spend time face to face with people who care about you, rest and exercise regularly to release endorphins and help boost your mood.
For more information about Daisy Torres and her first book:
Website: www.bridgebabies.com
Link to Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/BridgeBabies/?modal=admin_todo_tour
For more information, contact MRH School District at (314) 644-4400.
Have Tools, Will Travel: MRH Middle School Student Excels at Woodworking
Click here to see December Expedition Photos
MRH MS WEEKLY UPDATE, 12-6-19
MRH MIDDLE SCHOOL SPELLING BEE
Interested students are invited to participate in a written spelling bee on Monday, December 16th during Advisory. The top speller will then be invited to prepare for the regional Scripps Bee held in March 2020. Below is a list of the words students should study to prepare:
Spelling Bee Word List
Seed Saving & Garden Integration
As part of their Seeds Unit, stewards in Mrs. Tanner's 8th grade Communication Arts class began researching various plants that were harvested from our MS garden in order to create their own seed packets. Working in collaboration with Mrs. Breed-Parks, students examined the importance of seed saving, and the implications for biodiversity if we allow different varieties of flowers and crops to die off. They then inspected exemplary commercial seed packets in order to determine the type of information that they will need to include in their own packets. They also cleaned the seeds that were harvested and created technical drawings of the plant they researched. As part of the process, students will be designing and assembling their seed packets using LucidPress, a web-based publishing application. Another component of this unit requires students to research GMOs in order to participate in a Socratic Debate where they will need to argue for or against the use of GMOs. Next week the 8th grade will take part in expeditions to Bayer's Crop Science division and the Danforth Plant Science Center.
Maplewood Richmond Heights Middle School Makes MetroLink a Part of Their History Lessons
Citizens for Modern Transit: Making Transit a Priority for the Region published an article about our middle schoolers going on an expedition to the MetroLink! You can read the article here. MRHMS History Lesson
MRHMS MORNING WORKOUT
Do you need to make up points in physical education class? Middle Schoolers can now come to the gym on Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays or Fridays to work out! You must show up and start your workout between 7:45 am and 8 am.
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© Maplewood Richmond Heights School District.
MRH School District | 7539 Manchester Road | Maplewood, MO 63143 | (314) 644-4400
The Maplewood Richmond Heights School District does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, disability, age, sexual orientation and/or perceived sexual orientation, or genetic information in its programs and activities.
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Veteran Returning - Could use some squad advice / questions answered please.
I got on to collect Palpatine and play with ships some, but haven't played this game full swing since the original Yoda event. It looks like the game has a lot of interesting content and I am making a full return. Did some research and would appreciate answers to my questions and advice on where I should be focusing my efforts for arena / the game in general.
I've been rocking a stun/buff team (QGJ L, Palpatine, Aayla, Rey, Old Daka).
1). What squad do you think I should be focusing on? I was thinking of several potential options. One could be to bring in the Wedge/Biggs and swap out maybe QGJ and someone else. Another could be to focus on a full jedi team ( JKA lead, QGJ, Aayla, Zeta Barris, and Grandmaster Yoda). A third option was going to be a Wedge lead team with Biggs, Boba, Palpatine, ST Han, and someone else. Any help or advice in this matter would be greatly appreciated.
2). Are ships worth it to put a lot of energy/effort into? Or should I leisurely be trying to upgrade them and the pilots.
3). Should I focus on class-specific teams to take on specific Mod Challenges?
plus you can't neglect legendary events.
Yoda and Palpatine are not relevant in arena as much.
I see you already have at least a couple characters required for each legendary events, except for phoenix. Start with Phoenix they are easy to farm. They will make a decent rebel team too. meanwhile get palpatine 7star, use him and vader and tie fighter pilot +2 empire for r2d2.
that's very good. gear up your leia and storm han to g8 or g9. g8 should do alright with decent mods.
Then you move onto resistance/first order.
resistance is a very good faction everywhere, except they are very weak on defense in arena, but the new rey might be able to fix it.
zeta finn lead was the way to go for best ROI but now that new rey has arguably better leadership, let's wait and see if she does better than zeta finn.
first order is needed for bb8 and jedi rey.
keep in mind first order stormtrooper is a very long grind. i recommend you start doing his hard nodes everyday from today.
get the bb8 and new rey. game over.
I wouldnt zeta Qui Gon. Jedi dont hold up against well geared rex lead or wedge lead. I dont think they can survive nighsisters either.
Thank you guys. It sounds like I should focus my efforts for Thrawn and CLS. I will hold off on arena team for now and climb as high as possible with what I got.
I will also get my rebel team for CLS to G9 which will also help me get a 7 star palpatine.
While doing that I will also be farming 5× easiest Phoenix and gearing them up for Thrawn.
Actually while this thread is open, could someone look at my roster and recommend a squad to help me maintain 900 rank arena status without focusing too much on character farming ( since im dedicating that to legendaries)? Im on one of the first shards so its hard to even stay under 1000 lol. I was thinking maybe finish wedge for wedge lead, biggs, st han, rey, and boba.
2) You will need at least 5 dark side ships at 4* and 8 ships total at 5* to get access to the highest tier of ability mats. Mace Windu's capital ship is great for offense in fleet arena (and your Windu is ok geared). However, it's not strong on defense. For now it's your best choice, though, until you get Tarkin to 7* (for R2).
Since you already have 4 out of 5 toons required for CLS, I would go all out on empire to get R2D2 at 7*. Get Snowtrooper, Tarkin and vader to 7*. If you're lucky to get CLS you will soon feel they joy of completing heroic pit raids on auto play.
Your scoundrels are needed for credit heist. Make sure, that they can manage the highest tier. If they can't you should farm Lando. He is also strong in other game modes.
Your arena shard is probably old, so you will have a very hard time climbing ranks. However, you might reach top 500 in a few months. However, you will need mods. I see you only have 15 total. Start by doing highest tiers of health and defense mod challenges. That will give you access to better mods in mod shipments.
Wedge is great for arena along with Biggs. However, there's no rush finishing him, since you won't be able to climb far just yet anyway. I would go for the long haul and farm Lando first, before finishing Wedge.
Sweet. Thank ya for the advice. Def pushing ships for abilities challenge and empire towards CLS. Not sure if I will get vader to 7 soon so I am farming TFP with cantina energy (which will help my ship power also). Will balance that with some health/def mod farms on tier 3.
Farming TFP and not having Lando makes me discouraged to grind for him. I will have a decked out IG-88, Boba, ST han, and an ok chewie and cad for scoundrel stuff. Praying that will do the trick lol.
Are you in a guild with heroic rancour on farm 3 times a week. If so you might be getting 15-20 tokens a week toward raid Han.
If your scoundrels aren't doing the job but you have gotten a chunk of the way towards Han well he would be a simpler upgrade than farming lando.
Thanks for the tip sir. Totally forgot about Han. Makes me feel a little better about not going after Lando. Joined a guild that seems to do 3 raids every week.


All in all, Jeopardy! is a good computer game. Whether you've always dreamed of being on the hit TV show, love trivia, or just love Alex, it's sure to please.
We have no news or videos for Jeopardy! (1991). Sorry!
No forum topics for Jeopardy! (1991) yet. Want to start us off? Create a new topic.
A version of the popular gameshow is available on the PlayStation.


This week is the Mid-America Trucking Show (MATS) in Louisville, Kentucky. If you remember, last year we unveiled our new name: Detroit™. This year at MATS 2013, along with celebrating our 75th anniversary, the Detroit team will be showcasing our expanded portfolio of drivetrain products to attendees. These components are designed to increase your truck's performance and efficiency: the new DT12™ automated manual transmission, front and rear axles, and of course our trademark engines like the DD13®, DD15® and DD16®. We'll also be showing our onboard diagnostic system, Virtual Technician™. Finally, in order to reward our most loyal customers, we're introducing the Million Mile Club. If you or someone you know has logged a million miles on a Detroit engine, sign up today and receive the VIP treatment. Drop by our booth or go here for more info.
Stop by our booth at MATS 2013 and say hello! We always love meeting the people who use our products every day to power their business.


From house gutters to commercial gutters, All Gutters can offer you any of the guttering supplies that you require to replace or renovate your existing gutter systems. If you need durable, long-lasting guttering and downpipes at highly affordable prices, you've come to the right place!
We also offer a diverse range of gutter cleaning and replacement services around Kent, but due to popular demand, we decided to set up a convenient online shop so that you can purchase top-quality guttering products from anywhere in the UK.
Bespoke Seamless Gutters and Aluminium Gutters, Custom Made for You!
We specialise in seamless aluminium gutters and bespoke, made to measure guttering products. If you're not able to find the gutters that you require in our shop, please contact us to learn how we can arrange for custom made gutters to be created for you! We know how difficult it can be to install new gutter or adequately replace old gutters -- that's why our great seamless gutters and other products can be tailor-made for you!
If aluminium is your choice of material, whether for coping, capping or gutters, just give us your measurements and requirements and we will do the rest. Choose from our range of polyester powder coating colours or give us an RAL colour and pick a finish.
As one of the Uk's top guttering suppliers, we pride ourselves on the repeat business that we enjoy on our site. If you have bought any of our roof guttering products before, we encourage you to leave a review on our Google Places page!
If you have any questions about how to buy guttering supplies on our website, don't hesitate to contact us today for further assistance!


Charities with an annual income below £25,000 will no longer have to submit their annual accounts to the Charity Commission under plans approved by the regulator. The threshold is currently £10,000.
However, the commission intends to introduce random checks for those below the £25,000 threshold.
The commission's board approved the change after a lively discussion at its board meeting on Wednesday. A number of commission members shared concerns expressed by some consultation respondents earlier this year that raising the threshold risked promoting slack governance and undermining public confidence in small charities.
However, the board eventually agreed to lift the threshold after Andrew Hind, the its chief executive, pointed out that since the regulator did not post accounts of charities with incomes below £25,000 on its website, there will be no change to the information immediately available to the public.
He added there had been no increase in the £10,000 threshold since 1993, but inflation put that figure at close to £20,000 today.
The idea of conducting random checks on the accounts of a small number of charities below the new threshold was put forward by John Wood, another commission board member. He likened the idea to self-certified tax returns, some of which are audited by HM Revenue & Customs. Commission staff will look into the feasibility of doing random checks, but the decision to raise the threshold will have to be approved by the Office of the Third Sector.
A proposal to raise the threshold for preparing an annual report to £25,000 was rejected. All other changes to thresholds put out for consultation were approved, including raising the threshold for preparing accruals accounts for unincorporated charities from £100,000 to £250,000.


text:
Ein Isolator ist ein Bauteil der Elektrotechnik und der Energietechnik, mit dem blanke (also nicht selbst isolierte) elektrische Leiter befestigt, gehalten oder geführt werden, ohne dass es zu einem nennenswerten Stromfluss durch das Befestigungselement kommt. Isolatoren müssen eine hohe mechanische Belastbarkeit mit einer bedeutungslos geringen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit kombinieren und bestehen daher aus festen Isolierstoffen.

Isolatoren werden an Freileitungsmasten, großen Antennen oder in Umspannwerken eingesetzt. Spezielle Durchführungsisolatoren isolieren spannungsführende Leiter beim Eintritt in einen geschlossenen Raum gegenüber dessen Wandung, etwa bei Leistungstransformatoren, großen Kondensatoren oder Abschirm-Gehäusen. Auch der Porzellankörper von Zündkerzen ist funktionell ein Durchführungsisolator, da er die Hochspannung führende Zündelektrode isoliert durch den metallischen Zylinderkopf führt.

Elektrische Kabel besitzen eine Isolierung, eine elektrisch isolierende Umhüllung.

Grundsätzliches

Materialien

Für die Fertigung von Isolatoren kommen nur Festkörper in Betracht, die Nichtleiter sind und einen möglichst hohen spezifischen Widerstand sowie eine hohe Durchschlagsfestigkeit haben.

Folgende Materialien werden eingesetzt (die Werte verstehen sich als Richtwerte und hängen von Temperatur und Frequenz ab):

Im Freien eingesetzte Isolatoren müssen darüber hinaus gegen Ultraviolettstrahlung sowie Witterungseinflüsse (Nässe, Temperaturschwankungen) dauerbeständig sein.

Die Befestigungsarmaturen an den Enden des eigentlichen Isolators bestehen meist aus Metallguss und werden mit einem hochfesten Zement angebracht.

Maßnahmen gegen Kriechstrom
Isolatoren im Freien unterliegen ungünstigen Umwelteinflüssen wie Regen, Schnee oder Staub, in Meeresnähe auch Salz. Im Freien können sich infolgedessen auf der Oberfläche eines Isolators Schmutzstoffe anlagern, die mit der Zeit einen elektrisch leitfähigen Film bilden und dadurch die Isolierwirkung des Bauteils kompromittieren. An der Oberfläche des Isolators fließt dann ein Kriechstrom, der zwar meist nur einen unbedeutenden Übertragungsverlust bewirkt, in ungünstigen Fällen aber bei einer Gleitentladung, einem Überschlag oder einem Lichtbogen auch durch Kurzschluss oder Erdschluss den Ausfall oder gar eine Beschädigung der gesamten Leitung zur Folge haben kann.

Um Kriechströme trotz der kaum vermeidbaren Umwelteinflüsse möglichst klein zu halten, gestaltet man die Kriechwege möglichst lang, indem man den zentralen Strunk des Isolators, der die eigentliche Haltefunktion ausübt, zusätzlich mit glockenförmigen Schirmen oder Rippen ausstattet, die den Kriechstrom auf einen "gefalteten" Zick-Zack-Weg zwingen, dessen Länge die Baulänge des Isolators um das Mehrfache übersteigen kann. Darauf basiert vor allem der Doppelglockenisolator, der von Josiah Latimer Clark 1856 in England zum Patent angemeldet und durch Franz von Chauvin für Preußen eingeführt wurde und prinzipiell in vielen freien Niederspannungsnetzen noch aktuell im Einsatz ist.

Darüber hinaus sorgen dachartig abgeschrägte Schirme bei vertikal hängenden Isolatoren an ihrer Unterseite auch bei Regen für trockene und damit weniger leitfähige Abschnitte im Kriechweg.

Bauformen

Knopf- / Glockenisolator

Glockenisolatoren werden in Größen von etwa 2 bis 20 cm aus unterschiedlichsten Werkstoffen hergestellt (Kunststoff, Keramik, Glas). Sie sitzen als isolierender "Hut" am Ende eines Befestigungshakens. Eine glockenförmige Aushöhlung in der Unterseite verlängert den Kriechweg und kann als Doppelglocke auch mehrfach ausgeführt sein. Der spannungsführende Draht wird mit einer speziellen Drahtschlaufe seitlich am oberen Teil des Isolators in einer umlaufenden Rille befestigt. Ein Wulst unterhalb dieser Rille, der Rillenteller, kann dabei das Gewicht der Leitung tragen.

Knopfisolatoren sind besonders kleine Ausführungen ohne ausgeprägte Glockenform an der Unterseite und kurzem Kriechweg.

Langstabisolator

Langstabisolatoren werden als längliches starres Einzelteil aus einem keramischen Werkstoff in Längen bis zu 2 Meter hergestellt. Die Isolierkörper werden auf speziellen Drehmaschinen einzeln gefertigt und anschließend glasiert und gebrannt.

Langstabisolatoren weisen lange Kriechwege auf und sind in hohem Maße durchschlagsicher, da der kürzeste Weg durch das Material, den ein Spannungsdurchschlag nehmen könnte, der Baulänge entspricht und vollständig durch Isolierstoff führt. Daher werden sie an Hochspannungs-Freileitungen sehr verbreitet eingesetzt.

Silikonisolator

Silikonisolatoren (genauer: Silikon-Verbund-Isolatoren) sind vom prinzipiellen Aufbau her ebenfalls Langstabisolatoren, werden aber anders gefertigt und haben andere Eigenschaften. Den zentralen Strunk bildet hier ein Stab aus hochfestem glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff, die Schirme aus Silikon werden entweder einzeln aufgeklebt oder als vollständige Umhüllung des Strunks im Spritzgussverfahren aufgebracht.

Im Vergleich zu Glas- oder Keramikisolatoren verschmutzen sie weniger, da Silikone eine hydrophobe Oberfläche aufweisen und diesen Effekt auf eine eventuelle Verschmutzungsschicht übertragen können, und so haben sie bessere Isolationseigenschaften bei Regen und vor allem bei Betauung. Daher erreichen sie die geforderte Isolierwirkung schon bei kürzerer Baulänge und geringerer Kriechwegverlängerung und sind leichter. Im Vergleich zu klassischen Keramik-Langstabisolatoren zeigen sie wegen der geringeren benötigten Materialstärke ein "filigranes" Erscheinungsbild, die Schirme sind meist blassblau eingefärbt. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist die längere zu erwartende Lebensdauer.

Kappenisolator

Kappenisolatoren bestehen aus anreihbaren Elementen, die jeweils einen kappen- oder glockenförmigen Isolierkörper aus Glas oder Keramik besitzen, an dessen Ober- und Unterseite Metallarmaturen angebracht sind. Diese Elemente lassen sich in beliebiger Stückzahl ineinanderhängen, so dass daraus Isolatoren jeder Länge für alle Nennspannungen und Anwendungen zusammengestellt werden können. Für Mittelspannung reichen zwei bis drei Elemente aus, für Höchstspannungen werden Ketten von mehreren Metern Länge aus tellergroßen Kappen erstellt. Da die Elemente ineinander beweglich gelagert sind, bilden sie biegsame Isolatoren, die gegen Seitenkräfte weniger empfindlich sind als Langstabisolatoren.

Nachteilig wirken sich allerdings die metallischen Verbindungsarmaturen innerhalb der Kette aus, da sie die Durchschlagsicherheit herabsetzen. Daher können Kappenisolatoren von Überspannungen (beispielsweise bei Blitzschlag ins Leiterseil) durchschlagen und mechanisch beschädigt werden und werden bei Neu- und Umbauten von Leitungsmasten oft durch andere Bauformen ersetzt. An Abspannportalen werden Kappenisolatoren wegen ihrer flexiblen Anpassbarkeit weiterhin verwendet.

Eine Sonderform ist der Vollkernisolator, bei dem zwei Kappen zu einem starren keramischen Element mit höherer Durchschlagfestigkeit zusammengefasst sind.

Druckkörper

Eine einfache Isolatorenausführung ist das Isolier-Ei, das aus einem Keramikkörper zwischen zwei Drahtschlingen besteht. Es erfährt aufgrund der Konstruktion und Seillage ausschließlich Druckspannungen, die von Keramik besonders gut ertragen werden.

Da die Isolationsfähigkeit von Isoliereiern infolge der kurzen Kriechwege gering ist, kommen sie nur für den Niederspannungsbereich oder für elektrische Weidezäune, bei denen geringfügige Verluste nicht ins Gewicht fallen, in Betracht. Zur Erhöhung der Isolationsspannung kann man mehrere Eier mit kurzen Drahtstücken hintereinander setzen.

Dem gleichen Prinzip folgt der Pardunenisolator, mit dem die Pardunen unter Spannung stehender Sendemasten gegen Erde isoliert werden. Da Pardunen sehr hohe Zugkräfte aufnehmen müssen, ist der Isolator so konstruiert, dass er nur auf Druck belastet wird.

Armaturen
Die Leiterseile werden am Isolator mit besonderen Klemmen befestigt, deren Bauart vom Anwendungszweck abhängt: Bei Tragmasten muss nur das Gewicht des Leiterseil-Abschnitts getragen werden, während bei Abspannmasten die deutlich höhere Seilzugkraft von einer speziellen Abspannklemme aufgenommen werden muss.

Isolatoren zur Befestigung von Oberleitungen (Fahrleitungen) unterscheiden sich nicht grundlegend von denen für Freileitungen, müssen aber für die besonderen mechanischen Belastungen der Oberleitung ausgelegt sein. Isolatoren für Stromschienen müssen die schwere Stromschiene tragen. Häufig dient auch eine vorhandene Schutzabdeckung als Isolation zur isolierten Befestigung wie bei der Berliner S-Bahn.

Hochspannungsisolatoren sind oft mit einer Funkenstrecke als Überspannungsableiter ausgerüstet, um bei Überspannung (Blitzschlag) den energiereichen Lichtbogen vom Isolator fernzuhalten und ihn durch geeignete Gestaltung zum Verlöschen zu bringen.

Anwendungen

Freileitungen

Niederspannung (unter 1 kV)

Als Isolatoren für früher übliche Fernsprechfreileitungen und Niederspannungs-Freileitungen bis 1 kV Nennspannung werden meist Glocken- oder Schäkelisolatoren verwendet, an denen das Leiterseil mit einer speziellen Schlinge befestigt wird. Sie sind stehend auf Metallhaken gekittet oder gehanft, das heißt, mit einer Hanfeinlage aufgeschraubt, mit denen sie an Masten oder Wände montiert sind.

Auch werden in diesem Bereich bei Abspann- oder Antennenseilen keramische Isolier-Eier verwendet.

Mittelspannung (1 kV bis 30 kV)

Für Mittelspannung werden meist gerippte Isolatoren aus Glas oder Keramik verwendet, die entweder auf den Traversen der Masten stehen als auch darunter hängen können. Stehende Isolatoren ermöglichen geringere Masthöhen und bieten konstruktionsbedingt mehr Sicherheit vor dem Herabfallen des Leiterseils (beim Isolatorbruch fällt es auf die Traverse). Hängende Isolatoren können Querkräften (etwa durch Seitenwind) durch seitliche Auslenkung ausweichen und werden somit weniger auf Biegung beansprucht. Zudem stellen die spannungsführenden Leiterseile bei hängender Anordnung keine so große Gefahr für Vögel dar, die auf der Traverse landen.

Isolatoren für Mittelspannung werden im Freiluftbereich auch aus cycloaliphatischem Gießharz (siehe auch: Epoxidharz) produziert und eingesetzt. Insbesondere bei Masttrennschaltern kommen diese Isolatoren im Bereich 12 kV, 24 kV oder 36 kV zum Einsatz. Sie unterscheiden sich in ihrer Bauhöhe (entscheidend für Schlagweite), der Kriechweglänge und ihren mechanischen Festigkeiten.

Im Innenbereich (beispielsweise Mittelspannungs-Schaltanlagen) kommen ebenfalls Isolatoren aus Gießharz/Epoxidharz in unterschiedlichen Bauformen zur Anwendung. Das Gießharz für die Innenanwendung basiert im Gegensatz zu den UV- und wetterbeständigen cycloaliphatischen Gießharzen auf Bisphenol-A. Gießharz-/Epoxidharz-Isolatoren können gegenüber Keramik-Isolatoren nahezu beliebige Formen haben und bereits Leiter oder Bauteile wie Strom- oder Spannungswandler enthalten. Es können neben einfacheren Rippenstützern auch Durchführungen gegossen werden oder beispielsweise Sicherungsgehäuse. Im Fachjargon werden solche Isolationsbauteile Mittelspannungs-Durchführungen, Einfahrtulpen, Einfahrblöcke, Sicherungskammern oder Polgehäuse genannt. Diese speziellen Produkte haben für eine funktionierende elektrische Isolation im Spannungsbereich zwischen 12 kV und 40,5 kV einen sehr großen qualitativen Einfluss, insbesondere hinsichtlich eines niedrigen Teilentladungs-Pegels (TE).

Gießharze / Epoxidharze im Mittelspannungsbereich sind zumeist mit Quarzmehl gefüllte 2-Komponenten-Harze, die unter Vakuum gerührt und aufbereitet werden, da für Teilentladungsfreiheit Körper ohne Hohlräume/Blasen erforderlich sind.

Hoch- und Höchstspannung

Isolatoren für Hochspannung (60 kV bis 150 kV) werden nur hängend mit Langstab- oder Kappenisolatoren ausgeführt. Die Technik der Befestigung der Leiterseile unterscheidet sich nicht von der im Mittelspannungsbereich angewandten. Aus Festigkeitsgründen werden häufig zwei parallele Einzelisolatoren zum Doppelisolator angeordnet. Für Bahnstromleitungen werden die gleichen Typen wie für Drehstromleitungen verwendet.

Isolatoren für Höchstspannungen (> 150 kV) werden häufig als Ketten aus zwei oder mehreren Langstabisolatoren für Hochspannung hergestellt (Isolatorkette). In Deutschland werden für 380-kV-Leitungen grundsätzlich 2 parallele Isolatoren verwendet. Für sehr hohe statische Anforderungen können auch drei oder vier parallele Langstabisolatoren oder Isolatorketten verwendet werden.

Isolatoren für die Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-Übertragung unterscheiden sich prinzipiell nicht von den für Wechselspannung verwendeten Typen. Ihre Beanspruchung bei gleicher Spannung ist einerseits geringer, da die Vorentladungen (z. B. bei feuchtem Wetter) geringer sind. Andererseits ist die Spannungsaufteilung entlang der Isolatoren potentiell inhomogener, was definierte, homogene Isolations-Widerstandswerte erfordert.

Antennen

Sendemasten

Besondere Anforderungen werden an die Isolatoren von selbststrahlenden Sendemasten gestellt, denn diese müssen bei hohen Sendeleistungen Spannungen von bis zu 300 kV und Lasten von bis zu 1000 Tonnen tragen können. Man verwendet hierfür zur Isolation der Pardunen Gurtbandisolatoren aus Steatit und zur Isolierung der Türme und Masten Hohl- oder Massivkörper aus Steatit, auf denen exakt passend der Aufliegekörper befestigt ist, der den Turm oder Mast trägt. Der Mastisolator muss ab Fertigung permanent unter Druckbelastung stehen und wird dazu bis zum Einbau in einer Pressvorrichtung gelagert. Der Turm oder Mast wird beim Einbau hydraulisch auf dem Isolator abgesetzt.

Drahtantennen
Abspannseile von Sendemasten und Oberleitungen, aber auch Drahtantennen werden mit eiförmigen Isolierkörpern isoliert, die Löcher und Rillen zur Aufnahme der Seile besitzen.

Durchführungen

Durchführungen weisen einen Isolator auf, der den Leiter im Inneren entlang führt und ihn von einer metallischen Wandung isoliert, durch den er ragt. Isolator-Durchführungen werden im Stromnetz zur abgedichteten Einführung in Gebäude, Gehäuse, Erdkabel, Strom- und Spannungswandler oder Transformatoren benötigt.

Kleinere Bauformen finden sich an Zündkerzen oder Kondensatoren mit Metallgehäuse.
Der Isolator besitzt zur Montage in einem Loch außen einen Flansch oder eine ringförmige lötbare Metallfläche. Der innen durchgeführte Leiter besitzt Löt- oder Schraubanschlüsse. Oft werden in den Isolatorkörper konzentrische Lagen aus Metallfolien eingelegt, die als Zylinderkondensatoren wirken und den Verlauf der elektrischen Feldstärke in radialer oder axialer Richtung steuern. Derartige Durchführungen werden auch als Kondensator-Durchführung bezeichnet.

Überlastungsschäden
Jeder reale Isolator kann immer nur bis zu einer gewissen Spannung isolieren, bis zu der er selbst keine nennenswerten Ströme hindurchlässt, seine Leitfähigkeit also vernachlässigbar ist. Er stellt damit einen endlichen, wenn auch meist sehr hohen elektrischen Widerstand dar. Dabei ist der Wert für die maximale Spannungsbelastung sowohl vom Material als auch von dem umgebenden Medium sowie der Frequenz (nur bei Wechselstrom und pulsierendem Gleichstrom vorhanden) und der Temperatur abhängig.

Bei einer zu hohen Spannung kann es bei Freileitungen, sofern umgebende Medien (z. B. Luft) einen geringeren elektrischen Widerstand bzw. eine geringere Durchschlagsfestigkeit aufweisen, zuerst zum Spannungsüberschlag oder, falls die Umgebung (z. B. Vakuum) einen höheren Widerstand bzw. eine höhere Durchschlagsfestigkeit besitzt oder nur ein Kabelmantel die beteiligten Leiter trennt, zum Spannungsdurchschlag kommen, wodurch ein Kurzschluss entsteht.

Bei der Dimensionierung von Freileitungsisolatoren muss daher nicht nur ihre eigene Isolierfähigkeit, sondern auch die des umgebenden Mediums berücksichtigt werden, um Spannungsüberschläge zu verhindern.

Generell können alle Isolatoren zumindest kurzfristig (höhere bzw. hohe) elektrische Ströme leiten, wenn extrem viel Energie aufgewendet wird, wie etwa durch das Anlegen einer ausreichend hohen Spannung (zum Beispiel bei Überschreiten der Durchschlagsspannung) oder durch (starkes) Erhitzen (also bei sehr hohen Temperaturen), wobei die dafür notwendige Menge materialabhängig ist. Dabei wird der Isolator zumindest beschädigt, oft auch vollkommen zerstört, und verliert seine Funktion. So kann beispielsweise auch Glas elektrischen Strom leiten, schmilzt jedoch dabei auf.

Trotz der Tatsache, dass Isolatoren gemäß dem Bändermodell alle besetzten Bänder gefüllt haben, sind diese nur am absoluten Nullpunkt wirklich nichtleitend, da mit höherer Temperatur immer mehr Elektronen aus den höchstbesetzten Banden in das niedrigste unbesetzte Band wandern. Mit steigender Temperatur und steigender Frequenz sinkt die Durchschlagsfestigkeit, bei Hochfrequenz ist die reduzierte Durchschlagsfestigkeit deutlich festzustellen.

Bei hohen Temperaturen verhalten sich Isolatoren zunehmend wie Halbleiter, leiten aber dennoch kaum Strom, da die großen Bandlücken von einigen Elektronenvolt für Ladungsträger kaum zu überspringen sind.

Historische Bauformen

In der Anfangszeit der elektrischen Energieübertragung wurden Isolatoren an mit Hochspannung betriebenen Freileitungen auch mit speziell geformten Ölrinnen ausgeführt. Bei diesen Isolatoren, auch als Öl-Isolator bezeichnet, wurde das Öl in eigens dafür geformten Rillen, welche kreisförmig um den Isolator geführt sind, nach der Montage eingebracht. Es diente dazu, unerwünschte Kriechströme vom Leiterseil zur geerdeten Aufhängung infolge von Umwelteinflüssen wie Feuchtigkeit (Nebel, Regen) zu minimieren. Außerdem ist Öl leichter als Wasser, sodass das elektrisch nicht leitende Öl bis zu einem gewissen Verschmutzungsgrad immer an der Oberfläche verbleibt und so eine elektrisch isolierende Barriere darstellt.

Man kam von Öl-Isolatoren wegen des hohen Wartungsaufwandes, Verschmutzungsproblemen und der Verfügbarkeit von effizienteren Möglichkeiten zur Verhinderung von Kriechströmen schon kurz nach ihrer Einführung wieder ab.

In den Kolonien wuchs während des Ersten Weltkriegs die Bedeutung von Telegrafenverbindungen. Die dafür nötigen Materialien waren kriegsbedingt knapp. Um Isolatoren herzustellen, setzte man in Deutsch-Ostafrika mit Pflanzenfasern und Zement gefüllte Flaschen ein. Als auch diese knapp wurden, gingen die Techniker auf gebrannten Ton über, den sie mit Wachs überzogen. Auch die Röhrenknochen von Wild kamen als Isolatoren zum Einsatz.

Isolatorenmuseen
Ein Isolatorenmuseum befindet sich in Lohr am Main in einem denkmalgeschützten ehemaligen Transformatorenhäuschen an der Haaggasse. Neben einem großen Teil der privaten Sammlung des Inhabers, eines gelernten Starkstrom-Elektrikers, sind dort auch einzelne Leihgaben anderer Isolatoren-Sammler zu sehen. Dargestellt werden die unterschiedlichen Größen und Bauformen von Isolatoren sowie deren historische Entwicklung.

Ein weiteres Museum, das insbesondere die Fertigung von Keramik-Isolatoren und deren Herstellung aus Kaolin thematisiert, befindet sich am Standort der früheren Margarethenhütte in Großdubrau in der sächsischen Oberlausitz. Die zuletzt als VEB Elektroporzellan Großdubrau firmierende Margarethenhütte war bis zu ihrer Liquidation infolge der politischen Wende in der DDR einer der führenden Hersteller für Hochspannungsisolatoren in Europa.

Literatur

Weblinks

 Isolatorenmuseum der Stadt Lohr am Main – Sammlung Vormwald
 Museum Margarethenhütte, Großdubrau
 Versuch der Leibniz Universität Hannover zur Leitfähigkeit von Glas

Einzelnachweise

Elektrisches Bauelement
Festkörperphysik
Freileitungstechnik
Technische Keramik

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Emily Sheen
Sledge the Hammerhead and the Longlines
"We don't want Sledge on our team, we'll lose!" Billy was the biggest of all the juvenile great hammerheads he knew, already 5.7ft in length. Sledge was the smallest and the slowest, at only 4.9ft, and nobody ever wanted him on their team. "Let's play tag instead!", said Marty, "at least that way we're all playing against each other". "Tag, you're it!" Billy flicked Marty with his tail and the hammerheads raced around each other, their tails carving through the murky water at speed. Marty chased a middle-sized hammerhead named Joanna, until she reached some rocks and had to swim up to avoid them. "Gotcha!" Joanna turned and noticed Sledge, laying low near some banks of seaweed. "Oh no Sledge, it's not hide and seek! Tag, you're it!" Sledge put on a spurt to catch up with the others, but they knew they were faster and swam rings around him, taunting him: "can't catch me!" "You guys are mean!" protested Sledge. "I'm off." He turned tail and swam fiercely in the opposite direction. "Stop, Sledge! Don't go that way, you'll hit the long lines!" "Pfft, the longlines. I don't care." Thought Sledge. "Big fishermen's nets don't scare me, I have near 360-degree field of view! No need to worry about me." With a flick of his tail, he pressed on determinedly, as far away from the others as possible. "They won't miss me." Suddenly, he saw what looked like a glistening bait ball in the distance. Hundreds of shiny silvery fish tightly packed together. Hungry for a snack, Sledge charged towards it. As he moved closer, he saw it was in fact a cluster of tuna fish bobbing in the waves. "Yummy!" thought Sledge, as he lunged towards them, jaws open wide… "Owwww!" Sledge cried, "did something bite me?" Sledge could smell that he was bleeding and it hurt a lot. But what was worse, he couldn't move. Looking around in panic he saw a line above him and fishing hooks dangling by his side.
What is a longline? Image: Ocean Bites
"So this is the long line." Sledge thought to himself. They said his uncle had been here once, and had never come back. Sledge struggled, but try as he might, he could not free himself. How he wished he had listened to his friends. But they would have forgotten about him by now anyway. "Sledge! Sledge!" Billy emerged from the murkiness of the deep, Marty and Joanna close behind him. "Stay still, we'll get you out of this!" Billy started biting at the hook, trying to get it out, but it wouldn't budge. "I can't get it out!" "I know what to do", exclaimed Joanna, "we'll cut you loose", and with that, she started biting at the line near the hook, her sharp teeth slicing through the fishing tackle. Luckily, it was made of nylon not wire, so her powerful jaws were able to quickly break the line, setting Sledge free. "You came to save me!" Sledge cried, a little surprised at the risk they had taken to rescue him. "Of course!" said Billy, "you're our friend, and we were worried about you!" "Thank you!" Said Sledge, "I wish the ocean could be safer for us all, because not every creature will be so lucky." "You're right", Joanna replied, "but who can help us…?" "Tag, you're it!" Sledge sped off into the big blue, happy to have his friends by his side once more.
Impacts of longlines Image: Greenpeace
#Hammerheads #longlines #sharkconservation #sharks #sharks4kids #sharkeducation #savesharks #oceans #overfishing #oceanconservation #shark
Meet "Shark Man" Andre Hartman
Sharks4Kids Ambassador Michaela Palmer
December Elasmobranch of the Month: Tasselled Wobbegong Shark

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Recently, I began working for a start-up based in New York called Uprise Art, an online art gallery for the next generation of art collectors. I have been working with digital marketing and social media. One of my responsibilities is to write, create, and curate content for their blog and social media channels. Below is a selection of a few of the layouts I created in Photoshop, then uploaded into Wordpress.
Women.Design.Build is an organization in Austin, TX whose mission is to equip women with the skills and confidence to build and manage their own home projects. A few examples of the organization's classes include building a coffee table in a wood shop, installing cork flooring, and learning how to budget and plan for a renovation project of any size.
Over the last year, Women.Design.Build revamped their curriculum to make it more streamlined for a new workshop series entitled Dream.Plan.Design.Build. To prepare for the new workshop series I collaborated with a team to write the curriculum. I was also the photographer and photo editor for the series. Below is a small selection of the photographs I took for the organization to use for promotional, research, and funding purposes.


Bernard Arnault's eLuxury is suffering from a poverty of staff.
Things are so short-handed at the e-tailer – which launched only last week – that a UCLA intern could soon be running the business development department.
The director of "BizDev" at the company has left. And he may soon be joined by others, according to a Web site report.
"BizDev" is dot-com slang for Sales and mainly involves making marketing alliances with other dot-coms.
An intern from the MBA course at UCLA is allegedly due to start in that department next week. Insiders at the company said the intern could find himself in the unlikely position of being in charge of the department.
Industry analysts have said that the company, despite launching late, did so without being entirely ready for market.
The number of items for sale, or SKUs, is low, despite LVMH's deep hold on the industry.
And there have also been grumblings about the poverty of marketing and distribution deals.
A company in its position is expected to purchase key words on search engines and foster links with high-end sites such as Vogue.com, but insiders say only a general portal deal is on the cards.
A spokeswoman for eLuxury's New York-based p.r. firm said that the vice president of business development is indeed leaving this week for "personal reasons." She added that the previous director of business development was never more than a consultant and his contract had come to an end.
Arnault's No. 2 Myron Ullman has said recently that LVMH won't start marketing the site until the fall, so it won't run afoul of overly high expectations.
Excess hype helped sink Boo.com, in which Arnault held a stake. Arnault has to avoid the possibility of eLuxury becoming the grown-up Boo, a particular danger in the current e-tailing climate.
Gucci, which Arnault bought 40 percent of last year, will not be sold on the site.
utives were created to head up offices in different countries, including Alex Nigg, 29, Michael Dodd, 29, and Samir Master, 31, in the U.S.


Mark your calendars! Our partners at Konsome Lokal are organizing the Second Agribusiness Fair on December 2-3, 2018. Following the success of the first edition of the Salon Konsome Lokal, where more than 2,000 attended the 2-day event, companies and exhibitors will be able to showcase their "Made in Haiti" products and network with potential local and international clients.


39:4 And it came to pass, when Zedekiah the king of Judah saw them, and all the men of war, then they fled, and went out of the city by night, by the way of the king's garden, by the b gate between the two walls: and he went out the way of the plain.
(b) Which was a postern door, read (2 Kings 25:4).
39:5 But the Chaldeans' army pursued them, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho: and when they had taken him, they brought him to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to c Riblah in the land of Hamath, where he gave judgment upon him.
(d) For the rich and the mighty who put their trust in their shifts and means, were by God's just judgments most rigorously handled.
Beza, Theodore. "Commentary on Jeremiah 39". "The 1599 Geneva Study Bible". <http://classic.studylight.org/com/gsb/view.cgi?book=jer&chapter=039>. 1599-1645.


Press the "Download Now" button to download civilization 6 mac downloader. The whole process will just take a few moments.
next entry in the popular Civilization franchise is here.
can download Civilization 6 from Steam or the Mac App Store:.


This trivet is the perfect way to dress your table! Balance a vase, candle or jar ontop of this smooth concrete trivet for an instant update.
Zakkia's ink trivets have been handmade and mixed to create a unique marbled effect. Each trivet will have different colour density as a result of this special hand crafted process.
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text:
Q: Trying to start a new service - but having a permission problem The error:
I get a popup window when trying to manually start the windows service. It says:

Windows could not start the XXX
  service on Local Computer. Error:
  1069: The service did not start due to
  a logon failure.

Post-build events:
There are 2 Windows services in the solution and they have the same post-build events:
REM C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\InstallUtil.exe /u  "$(TargetPath)"
REM C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\InstallUtil.exe /i /username=.\administrator /password=blabla "$(TargetPath)"

But for some reason it's only the first service that is installed during debug-build mode. The other is not (despite similar post-build events). So I manually used the InstallUtil with the administrator login and blabla password from the post-build events. That did install it, but one is installed with "Log On As = Local System" (works!) and the other has "Log On As = .\administrator" (does not work!).
I guess that's what triggers the error. Why the difference? Is there another install going on the solution build somewhere? It should be said that it is a solution consisting of 47 projects.

A: I'm 99% sure that you can solve this by granting the Log on as service privilege to the administrator user.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Crews clear the snow from Arrowhead Stadium's lots and seats
200 workers and 350 tons of ice melt used to clear lots
Brian Foster
Managing Editor - All Platforms
Watch as dozens, if not hundreds of people work to clear the snow between the seats at Arrowhead Stadium.
Hundreds of people worked through the night to clear the snow from Arrowhead Stadium's parking lots and seats for Sunday's game between the Indianapolis Colts and Kansas City Chiefs.Roughly 200 people worked to clear the snow according to Arrowhead Stadium's official Twitter account.The workers used 350 tons of ice melt and 30 trucks to push and haul the snow away.The parking lots were completely clear by 8 a.m. Crews were still working to clear the snow inside the stadium as of 8:30 a.m.11833402
KANSAS CITY, Mo. —
Hundreds of people worked through the night to clear the snow from Arrowhead Stadium's parking lots and seats for Sunday's game between the Indianapolis Colts and Kansas City Chiefs.
Roughly 200 people worked to clear the snow according to Arrowhead Stadium's official Twitter account.
The workers used 350 tons of ice melt and 30 trucks to push and haul the snow away.
The parking lots were completely clear by 8 a.m. Crews were still working to clear the snow inside the stadium as of 8:30 a.m.


The life expectancy of wild wolverines ranges from four to 10 years. However, scientists have found wolverines as old as 13 years. In wolverine years, the 2008 animal would be considered a senior citizen.
Although wolverines are fierce predators, their danger to humans is minimal. Wolverines tend to live in isolation and are "masters at avoiding all interactions with humans," Stermer said.
Stermer follows up on all reported sightings of wolverines throughout California. He sets up bait stations, which include a video camera trained on bait, to noninvasively monitor wolverine activity. He said he believes it is unlikely there are other wolverines, especially a female, in California.
If so, he said, we would likely have already seen baby wolverines, called kits.
Talks among state and federal agencies have taken place regarding the feasibility of reintroducing wolverines to the area. Currently, the issue rests largely on whether the wolverine will gain federal protection as an endangered species.
According to Stermer, if wolverines make it on the federal list of endangered species, relocating wolverines to California would be more difficult, as their movements would be more closely regulated. Therefore, discussions to reintroduce wolverines have been shelved until their status is decided.
Wolverines typically inhabit arctic and high alpine regions. They rely on a heavy spring snowpack to burrow dens in which to raise their young. However, climate change is reducing suitable habitats.
In 2014, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declined to recognize wolverines as an endangered species, citing inconclusive science. Scientists and environmental groups swiftly brought a lawsuit, and this year, a federal judge ordered the agency to revisit the merits for listing wolverines as an endangered species.


text:
package edu.cmu.pocketsphinx.demo;

import static android.widget.Toast.makeText;
import static edu.cmu.pocketsphinx.SpeechRecognizerSetup.defaultSetup;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import edu.cmu.pocketsphinx.Assets;
import edu.cmu.pocketsphinx.Hypothesis;
import edu.cmu.pocketsphinx.RecognitionListener;
import edu.cmu.pocketsphinx.SpeechRecognizer;

public class PocketSphinxActivity extends Activity implements
        RecognitionListener {

    /* Named searches allow to quickly reconfigure the decoder */
    private static final String KWS_SEARCH = "хорошо ева";

    private static final String MENU_SEARCH = "menu";

    private static final String LIGHT_ON_SEARCH = "включить свет";
    private static final String LIGHT_OFF_SEARCH = "выключить свет";
    private static final String TV_ON_SEARCH = "включить телевизор";
    private static final String TV_OFF_SEARCH = "выключить телевизор";

    /* Keyword we are looking for to activate menu */
    private static final String KEYPHRASE = "хорошо ева";

    private SpeechRecognizer recognizer;
    private HashMap<String, Integer> captions;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle state) {
        super.onCreate(state);

        // Prepare the data for UI
        captions = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
        captions.put(KWS_SEARCH, R.string.kws_caption);
        captions.put(MENU_SEARCH, R.string.menu_caption);
        captions.put(TV_ON_SEARCH, R.string.menu_caption);
        captions.put(LIGHT_ON_SEARCH, R.string.menu_caption);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.caption_text))
                .setText("Preparing the recognizer");

        // Recognizer initialization is a time-consuming and it involves IO,
        // so we execute it in async task

        new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Exception>() {
            @Override
            protected Exception doInBackground(Void... params) {
                try {
                    Assets assets = new Assets(PocketSphinxActivity.this);
                    File assetDir = assets.syncAssets();
                    setupRecognizer(assetDir);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    return e;
                }
                return null;
            }

            @Override
            protected void onPostExecute(Exception result) {
                if (result != null) {
                    ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.caption_text))
                            .setText("Failed to init recognizer " + result);
                } else {
                    switchSearch(KWS_SEARCH);
                }
            }
        }.execute();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        recognizer.cancel();
        recognizer.shutdown();
    }

    /**
     * In partial result we get quick updates about current hypothesis. In
     * keyword spotting mode we can react here, in other modes we need to wait
     * for final result in onResult.
     */
    @Override
    public void onPartialResult(Hypothesis hypothesis) {
        if (hypothesis == null)
    	    return;

            String text = hypothesis.getHypstr();
            ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textRead)).setText(text);
            if (text.equals(KEYPHRASE))
                switchSearch(MENU_SEARCH);
            else if (text.equals(LIGHT_ON_SEARCH))
                ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.result_text)).setText("Включить свет");
            else if (text.equals(LIGHT_OFF_SEARCH))
                ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.result_text)).setText("Выключить свет");
            else if (text.equals(TV_ON_SEARCH))
                ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.result_text)).setText("Включить ТВ");
            else if (text.equals(TV_OFF_SEARCH))
                ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.result_text)).setText("Выключить ТВ");
        else
            ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.result_text)).setText(text);

           /* switch(text){
                case "включи свет в спальне": ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.result_text)).setText(text);
                case "включи телевизор": ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.result_text)).setText(text);
            } */

        /*    switchSearch(MENU_SEARCH);
        else if (text.equals(DIGITS_SEARCH))
            switchSearch(DIGITS_SEARCH);
        else
            ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.result_text)).setText(text); */
    }

    /**
     * This callback is called when we stop the recognizer.
     */
    @Override
    public void onResult(Hypothesis hypothesis) {
        ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.result_text)).setText("");
        if (hypothesis != null) {
            String text = hypothesis.getHypstr();
            makeText(getApplicationContext(), text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onBeginningOfSpeech() {
    }

    /**
     * We stop recognizer here to get a final result
     */
    @Override
    public void onEndOfSpeech() {
        if (!recognizer.getSearchName().equals(KWS_SEARCH))
            switchSearch(KWS_SEARCH);
    }

    private void switchSearch(String searchName) {
        recognizer.stop();

        // If we are not spotting, start listening with timeout (10000 ms or 10 seconds).
        if (searchName.equals(KWS_SEARCH))
            recognizer.startListening(searchName);
        else
            recognizer.startListening(searchName, 10000);

        String caption = getResources().getString(captions.get(searchName));
        ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.caption_text)).setText(caption);
    }

    private void setupRecognizer(File assetsDir) throws IOException {
        // The recognizer can be configured to perform multiple searches
        // of different kind and switch between them

        recognizer = defaultSetup()
                .setAcousticModel(new File(assetsDir, "en-us-ptm"))
                .setDictionary(new File(assetsDir, "cmudict-en-us.dict"))

                // To disable logging of raw audio comment out this call (takes a lot of space on the device)
                .setRawLogDir(assetsDir)

                // Threshold to tune for keyphrase to balance between false alarms and misses
                .setKeywordThreshold(1e-45f)

                // Use context-independent phonetic search, context-dependent is too slow for mobile
                .setBoolean("-allphone_ci", true)

                .getRecognizer();
        recognizer.addListener(this);

        /** In your application you might not need to add all those searches.
         * They are added here for demonstration. You can leave just one.
         */

        // Create keyword-activation search.
        recognizer.addKeyphraseSearch(KWS_SEARCH, KEYPHRASE);

        // Create grammar-based search for selection between demos
        File menuGrammar = new File(assetsDir, "menu.gram");
        recognizer.addGrammarSearch(MENU_SEARCH, menuGrammar);
    }

    @Override
    public void onError(Exception error) {
        ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.caption_text)).setText(error.getMessage());
    }

    @Override
    public void onTimeout() {
        switchSearch(KWS_SEARCH);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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