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Trump Administration fights back as Biden holds PA with nearly 70,000 vote difference
by: Dennis Owens
HARRISBURG, Pa. (WHTM) — Certification day was busy in the courts with last-minute filings, affirmations, and denials, but for the Trump team, overcoming a 70,000 vote lead by Joe Biden in PA is all but impossible.
"They haven't been able to convince the court to discard or disregard so many of the ballots as to call the result in Pennsylvania into question," said Michael Dimino, Professor at Widener Law School.
But legislative Republicans want an audit of the 2020 election, specifically what they call confusing and contradictory guidance given to counties by the secretary of state. Though, that audit won't happen until the new session in January.
"The litany of issues we had in Pennsylvania to make sure we don't have a repeat of this next election cycle," said Seth Grove, Republican Chairmen State Government Committee, "I say it all the time, be Florida. Go from chaos to excellence. That is our goal moving forward."
Republican congressman Mike Kelly is suing to have every mail-in ballot tossed as unconstitutional. Diminio says Kelly's argument may be valid but there may not even be a case to begin with.
"The substantial problem is what to do about that?" said Dimino. "Given that there wasn't this lawsuit for the first year that act 77 was on the books."
In such a polarizing election, there is intense scrutiny. but challenges and lawsuits are common, Dimino says. Things are working as they should, if not as quickly as we'd like.
"The process is typically messy, the process does not yield definitive results as much as we would like it to," Dimino added.
There are two other important dates: December 8, when electors are certified, and December 14, when the electoral college meets and presumably makes Joe Biden the new president.
A pro-Trump nonprofit group called Women for America First hosted the "Save America Rally" on Jan. 6 at the Ellipse, an oval-shaped, federally owned patch of land near the White House. But an attachment to the National Park Service public gathering permit granted to the group lists more than half a dozen people in staff positions for the event who just weeks earlier had been paid thousands of dollars by Trump's 2020 reelection campaign. Other staff scheduled to be "on-site" during the demonstration have close ties to the White House.


The 25th of May 2018 was a day full of excitement at the Mabamba wetlands Bay when a Shoebill was being returned after undergoing a three months treatment at Uganda Wildlife Education Centre. On the 31st of January 2018, the Shoebill choked on Talapia while feeding at Mabamba Bay wetland.
The bird developed complications and was spotted by a one fisherman (Ssazi) who after observing it for a week and then notified the Mabamba Eco-tourism Association (MWETA) chairperson who immediately contacted UWEC for rescue. The Shoebill is a globally threatened species, vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. It is found in only 8 countries in Africa and Mabamba Wetland, an Important Bird and Biodiversity (IBA) also a Ramsar Site is one of the areas inhabited by the Shoebill in Uganda.
An event to celebrate its return was held at the Mabamba wetland bay and it attracted a number of parties that are are involved in its Conservation. The returned Shoebill was given a name "Ssazi" after the man who made the first call for rescue so as to encourage the local people to carry on conservation of the vulnerable species. Among the parties were; Uganda wildlife Education center, NatureUganda, Uganda Wildlife Authority and a number of tour operators led by the director of Bird Uganda safaris. In attendance also was the religious persons who are tenants to the land on which MWETA offices sit and representatives from the Local Government.
Remarks from diffent stakeholders present were directed to congratulating the Mabamba community especially the fishermen for expressing deep concern to wildlife conservation. NatureUganda while conveying their message appreciated the community for giving back Nature. This they said was demonstrated by the actions they took to rescue the shobill species from danger and restored its life.
Mr. Byaruhanga Herbert, the managing Director Bird Uganda Safaris, applauded the Mabamba Community for seting a good example. He requested the community to be watchful for such cases and also warned them about illegal people who come to the wetland with unclear reasons. He congratutalated them upon attaining the will to promote the conservation of wildlife and Nature at large.


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No Indian in ICC panel of umpires for upcoming season
No Indian features in the International Cricket Council's umpires' panel for the 2012-13 season in which England's Nigel Llong was named the replacement for the recently-retired Billy Doctrove on Monday.
Meanwhile, Australian Bruce Oxenford was named in 13-umpire team for the September Twenty20 World Championships in Sri Lanka.
Llong replaces Doctrove who announced his retirement from the elite panel last week.
Llong has already umpired in 12 Tests, 55 ODIs and 16 T20Is. He was appointed to the ICC Emirates Panel of International Umpires in 2002.
The 43-year-old made his international umpiring debut in the second-ever T20, played between England and Australia at Southampton on 13 June 2005.
The following summer in a match between England and Sri Lanka at Lord's, Llong stood in his first ODI. His first Test was two years later in Dunedin in the match between New Zealand and Bangladesh, the ICC said in a statement.
During his playing days as a left-handed batsman and an off-spinner for Kent from 1990-1998, Llong played in 68 first-class matches in which he scored 3,024 runs and took 35 wickets.
Meanwhile, the 12 Elite Panelists -- Billy Bowden, Aleem Dar, Steve Davis, Kumar Dharmasena, Marais Erasmus, Ian Gould, Tony Hill, Richard Kettleborough, Nigel Llong, Asad Rauf, Simon Taufel and Rod Tucker -- will be joined for the ICC World Twenty20 Sri Lanka by Oxenford.
The 52-year-old Oxenford has so far officiated in eight Tests, 34 ODIs and 11 T20Is. He was one of the six umpires who had been named to stand alongside the elite panelists in the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 after being identified as an emerging and talented match official.
The match referees for the event will be Ranjan Madugalle and Jeff Crowe, while Graeme La Brooy will be the match referee to the women's part of the event.
© Copyright 2021 PTI. All rights reserved. Republication or redistribution of PTI content, including by framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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I hope that you are all having an awesome Holiday weekend! Best case scenario you are with people you love (or at least like!) and are enjoying the weather and having a wonderful Memorial Day.
I could not be more excited to share this recipe with you today! Whether you need a last minute dish to make for today's barbeque, or you want a healthy dinner or just an amazing salad- THIS IS IT!!
The salad itself is made with a great mix of romaine hearts and hearty Tuscan kale- both of which I shredded pretty finely. I made the croutons with a gluten free vegan baguette (YUM!!) and the dressing was made with a surprising tahini base- all together it is truly awesome. A vegan option is to sprinkle nutritional yeast in place of cheese over the top of the salad, but I opted for an "everything seed blend" (that is also in the book and consists of sunflowers seeds, sesame and poppy seeds, dried minced garlic and onions and kosher salt) which I sprinkled over the salad and it was a GREAT call, if I do say so myself! If you are too lazy to make it yourself, Trader Joes has a short cut version!
To make the croutons: Preheat the oven to 400 degrees. Place the cubed bread on the sheet pan and toss with the olive oil and sprinkle with kosher salt. Bake until golden brown, 7-9 minutes and then set aside.
To make the dressing: In a small bowl, whisk together the tahini, lemon, oil, garlic, and mustard. Whisk until smooth and then whisk in water until smooth again and season to taste with kosher salt. The dressing should be tangy like Caesar salad and the same consistency.
To prepare the salad: Transfer the lettuce to a salad bowl and add the dressing and toss to coat the salad. Add the croutons and sprinkle the salad with the "everything seed mix" if using and then serve and enjoy!!
A beautiful and tasty salad for summer!
Heather, I'm not sure where to get a vegan gluten free baguette. I live in Georgia. Is there an online source for food such as this?
I will look into it Brandie! Do you guys have a whole foods nearby? I use Olivia Brand which they carry in the freezer section?


This Circle Honors Anna Julia Haywood Cooper the educator and civil and women's rights advocate who lived in the gracious house at 201 T Street from 1916 until her death in 1964 at age 105. Born into slavery, Cooper graduated from Oberlin College. She taught at DC's prestigious M Street School, the nation's first high school for African Americans, and became its principal in 1902. Despite pressure to emphasize vocational subjects, Cooper stressed academics. Consequently many of her students won Ivy league college scholarships. She also helped organize the Colored Woman's League of Washington, D.C., received a Ph.D. in French from the Sorbonne at age 65, and presided over Frellinghuysen University. a night school for working adults.
The double house at 1901-03 Third Street once belonged to General William M.
Birney, a white Union military officer who recruited enslaved African Americans during the Civil War (1861-1865). Birney latter a U.S. attorney for DC, published a biography of his father, noted abolitionist James Gillespie Birney.
Now restored to its original State, Anna Cooper Circle was split in half for many years for the convenience of cars and buses. Longtime preservationist Theresa Brown spearheaded the restoration effort in 1982. When Brown and LeDroit Park Civic Association Secretary Lauretta Jackson helped gain Historic District status for LeDroit Park in 1974, Howard University was prevented from razing original houses to expand its campus.
Location. 38° 54.955′ N, 77° 0.955′ W. Marker is in LeDroit Park, District of Columbia, in Washington. Marker is at the intersection of Anna J. Cooper Circle Northwest and T Street Northwest, on the right when traveling south on Anna J. Cooper Circle Northwest. Touch for map. In Anna J. Cooper Circle Park. Marker is at or near this postal address: 300 Anna J. Cooper Circle Northwest, Washington DC 20001, United States of America. Touch for directions.
(about 300 feet away, measured in a direct line); Elks Columbia Lodge No. 85 (about 300 feet away); Anna Julia Hayward Cooper Residence (about 300 feet away); Government Girls (about 300 feet away); Christian Fleetwood and Sara Fleetwood Residence Site (about 400 feet away); T Street Elites (about 600 feet away); Best in the Country (about 700 feet away); Separate Schools (about 800 feet away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in LeDroit Park.
This picture of Anna J. Cooper appeared in The Colored American on March 26 1904.
This photo of Anna J. Cooper constitutes the frontis piece of her 1892 book of essays, A Voice From the South.
More. Search the internet for A Voice from the South.
Credits. This page was last revised on March 20, 2019. This page originally submitted on September 4, 2015, by Allen C. Browne of Silver Spring, Maryland. This page has been viewed 402 times since then and 20 times this year. Last updated on March 8, 2019, by Devry Becker Jones of Washington, District of Columbia. Photos: 1. submitted on September 4, 2015, by Allen C. Browne of Silver Spring, Maryland. 2. submitted on November 23, 2017, by Devry Becker Jones of Washington, District of Columbia. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. submitted on September 4, 2015, by Allen C. Browne of Silver Spring, Maryland. • Bernard Fisher was the editor who published this page.


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Will China's Civil Code Finally Get Companies to Take Fighting Sexual Harassment Seriously?
Features | Society | East Asia
The implementation of the new code will determine whether it can truly turn the tide against sexual harassment.
By Darius Longarino for The Diplomat
Supporters of Zhou Xiaoxuan hold banners as they wait for Zhou outside at a courthouse where she is appearing in a sexual harassment case in Beijing, Wednesday, Dec. 2, 2020.
Credit: AP Photo/Andy Wong
Article 1010 of China's first-ever Civil Code, effective January 1, 2021, obliges companies to adopt measures for preventing and responding to sexual harassment in the workplace. These include channels for employee complaints, procedures for investigating complaints, and rules for disciplining wrongdoers. Although past laws and regulations have targeted sexual harassment before, the Civil Code is the first national law to place this specific duty on employers. It is a notable move that shows authorities, while repressing the #MeToo movement with one hand, seek to root out – or at least appear proactive in rooting out – sexual harassment with the other.
But will the Civil Code bring real change to China's workplaces? State media have highlighted Article 1010's promise with articles like "Look How the Civil Code Better Safeguards the Personal Dignity of You and Me," but legal observers are concerned that Article 1010 could face problems in implementation. Article 1010, like the policy changes that have come before it, could turn out to be another toothless tiger – intimidating at first glance, but without real bite – that is easy for employers to ignore.
And teeth will be necessary to take on the stubbornly resistant status quo. A 2018 survey of over 100 respondents from coastal cities found that 81 percent of their companies did not have anti-sexual harassment policies. Another 12 percent of companies had written policies, but did not implement them, according to respondents. Liao Jingyi, a co-director of EnGender, a social enterprise that is encouraging businesses to adopt anti-sexual harassment measures, recently told Sixth Tone, "I've failed many times when trying to invite companies to [adopt policies]… They often ask me, 'What kind of profit can I get from this?'"
Professor Liu Xiaonan of the China University of Political Science and Law explained to me that some managers she interviewed even worried that "'if we adopt sexual harassment policies, others will think we have a bad sexual harassment problem at our company.'" There are also legal risks for companies that fire or otherwise punish harassers. Many alleged harassers have won cases claiming that their employers' disciplinary actions against them violated their labor contract rights.
A slow ratcheting up of laws and regulations taking aim at sexual harassment over the past 15 years has not made much of a dent on the ground. In 2005, the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests became the first law to generally prohibit sexual harassment and said female employees have a right to file complaints with their employers (Article 1010 is gender neutral, but its predecessors only applied to women). A 2012 State Council regulation went further, stipulating employers "should prevent and curb sexual harassment," and a slew of provincial regulations are yet more specific, stating that employers should adopt anti-sexual harassment measures. In January 2019, the Supreme People's Court added "disputes regarding compensation for harm caused by sexual harassment" to its list of causes of action to facilitate claim filing. Nevertheless, according to Professor Jin Wenjing of the China University of Political Science and Law, "there has not been a single sexual harassment case in which a victim successfully demanded an employer assume legal liability." Suits against individual harassers have not fared much better. The Beijing Yuanzhong Gender Development Center, a women's rights organization, searched databases of tens of millions of court cases from 2010 through 2017, but found only two instances of survivors suing alleged sexual harassers – both plaintiffs lost.
There has not been much improvement in more recent years. In 2018–2020, Yuanzhong helped a female staff member of a non-profit organization in Sichuan province sue the organization's director general, Liu Meng, for sexual harassment after he inappropriately touched her several times. The appeals court found Liu liable and ordered him to apologize to the plaintiff, but awarded the plaintiff no compensation for emotional distress. The ruling was particularly disappointing to feminist advocates because it ignored the issue of employer liability, even though a Sichuan provincial regulation specifically states that employers can be sued for failing to fulfill their duty in stopping sexual harassment.
In another recent high-profile lawsuit, Zhou Xiaoxuan sued famous CCTV personality Zhu Jun for forcing himself on her in a dressing room while she was interning at his show. Zhou filed suit in 2018, but her case only went to trial in December 2020. The first hearing was not smooth – Zhu did not show up and after a marathon 10-hour session the court adjourned inconclusively. Speaking to supporters outside the court close to midnight, Zhou announced she had requested the case's three judges be replaced before the next hearing (the date of which is unclear as of this writing). Once again demonstrating the legal risks for survivors who stand up, Zhu filed a defamation suit against Zhou shortly after she came forward.
It is an open question whether Article 1010 will succeed where other laws and regulations have failed. The Civil Code has greater legal authority than State Council or provincial regulations, and, in contrast to the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, the Civil Code concretely states that employers have a duty to adopt anti-sexual harassment measures. However, Professor Jin points out a key omission in Article 1010: "although it says that employers have a duty to adopt policies, it does not say that employers are civilly liable for failing to do so." Article 1010 sets out liability for individuals, so leaving out employer liability is conspicuous.
Which brings us back to Article 1010's teeth. Let's say a manager at a company with no anti-harassment policies sexually harasses an employee. Could the employee sue the company for not meeting its duty under Article 1010? Some authoritative voices are saying not so fast. At a State Council press briefing in July, Professor Wang Liming, a Renmin University scholar who participated in drafting the Civil Code, said that a judge would need to determine whether a "cause and effect relationship" exists between the company's failure to establish measures and the harassment incident's occurrence. A women's rights lawyer, whom I will call "Lawyer Mou," said she is "very concerned" about plaintiffs having to meet this difficult and logically confusing standard. "How can you prove cause and effect between these things?"
There are other indications that grounds for finding employer liability will be narrow. Article 1010 only obliges employers to concern themselves with sexual harassment that occurs in a vertical power relationship, e.g., a manager harassing a subordinate, and not between colleagues. In his comments at the State Council press briefing, Wang also defined sexual harassment as being "directed at a specific person, and not general, like telling a dirty joke, for example." Scholars are also wondering whether judges will require the harassment to have happened "in the course of employment." But what if a boss invites an employee to a karaoke parlor and harasses the employee there?
Lawyer Mou says a lot of these problems are rooted in "treating workplace sexual harassment like it is an ordinary tort between two individuals" – like someone throwing a punch in the street or trespassing on a neighbor's property – and not as a form of gender-based discrimination in the workplace. Mou thinks framing fighting sexual harassment as an equal rights issue would provide a stronger basis for holding employers to a higher standard. Otherwise, the focus will remain on the individual harasser's culpability.
Going after individuals while letting employers off the hook will likely dull Article 1010's impact. Companies, not individuals, have the most power to change workplace cultures that allow harassment to occur and reoccur. With little incentive to take responsibility, companies could just blame a rotating cast of "bad apples" for sexual harassment instead of investing in effective policies and practices.
Mou and Jin, the professor at the China University of Political Science and Law, think this outcome is not yet fated to happen. The Civil Code, despite its drawbacks, still leaves room for courts to maneuver. For example, courts could reason that the onerous cause-and-effect test is not necessary or use a broader definition of "in the course of employment." We can expect legal advocates to use these openings to make arguments in court, and if the tide really turns in their favor, the Supreme People's Court could issue guidance to lower courts that is plaintiff-friendly. With these kinds of teeth, Article 1010 might just have a chance to get employers to take fighting sexual harassment seriously.
Darius Longarino is a research scholar in law at Yale Law School and a senior fellow of the Paul Tsai China Center.
China gender discrimination
China gender equality
China sexual harassment
China #MeToo Case Heads to Court After 2-Year Delay
Zhou Xiaoxuan's case highlights the growing willingness of Chinese women to speak up about sexual harassment despite official resistance and censorship.
Is Japan Immune From China's Media Influence Operations?
By Maiko Ichihara
Efforts to boost pro-China narratives in Japan haven't received much attention – but that doesn't mean they don't exist.
#MeToo Reckoning Continues in China and Hong Kong
By Jessie Lau
As China held a hearing on a #MeToo icon's case, Hong Kong was grappling with its biggest sexual harassment scandal yet.


On Wednesday, May 8th host Karma Chavez interviewed Rinku Sen, the Executive Director of the Applied Research Center and publisher of Colorlines.com. They discussed the increasingly successful campaign by Colorlines to persuade media outlets to change the language they use about immigration – and drop the "I" word, illegal, as a term to refer to anyone who is not a US citizen or permanent resident. This language is particularly harmful and dehumanizing, because it implies that anyone who is entering the country is an criminal, despite the fact that these immigrants may very well have never been given the due process of law.
Rinku Sen discussed how she got involved in racial justice issues in college. As an immigrant, she explained her own experience and how it inspired her to become a leader for immigration reform today. She and Chavez talked about the growing issue of "crimigration" – a combination of criminalizing and immigration – and the strongly racial component that often accompanies it. They also investigated the growth of this issue following 9-11.
For the final part of the show, Rink Sen described the process of asking media outlets to drop the "I" word. She describes the struggle that has now earned compliance from many news stations, but explained that some news outlets, such as the New York Times, are still holding out.
To learn more about Colorlines, visit their website below or follow them on Twitter @Colorlines.


I witnessed a major impact as our staff used the theory to significantly improve working relationships and to accept those who thought differently from themselves.
I was introduced to the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Theory and Inventory in October 1994 as part of a course in Creative Problem Solving offered by ISU's Blumberg Center. In May 1997, I completed a KAI Certification Course in Toronto, Ontario conducted by Dr. Kirton. The experience in Toronto served as a launching pad for my being more involved and impacted by the Adaption-Innovation theory and KAI than I could have ever imagined before going to Toronto.
The week following my return to Indiana, I presented the KAI information during our Creative Problem Solving (CPS) program. That was our 12th CPS program, and we have since completed a total of 48 through June 2004. I have made the KAI presentation many times over the years during our CPS programs. It is not unusual for a participant to report with great excitement (and sometimes emotion), that the insights gained from the brief KAI presentation and feedback were an epiphany for him or her. They report how A-I theory helps them to understand some of the mystery about their relationships and acceptance in their workplaces.
I had gone to Toronto with a single purpose: to become certified in KAI to deliver the KAI presentation during our CPS programs. While there, I realized that the A-I theory had much more to offer. I arranged for Dr. Kirton to offer his Certification Course in Indiana throughthe Blumberg Center. Wanting to know more about the practical use of the A-I theory, I arranged a one-day workshop for the Blumberg Center staff. I witnessed a major impact as our staff used the theory to improve working relationships significantly and to accept those who thought differently from themselves. A-I theory speaks to likely difficulties between persons with a large gap between their KAI scores. There were two people on staff who had difficulty getting along. The KAI workshop revealed they had a 60 point gap (this is a large gap) between their KAI scores, one person scoring as highly Adaptive, while the other person was much more Innovative in preference. Realizations and insights resulted in changes that were implemented, bringing significantly improved relationships between the two staff members and improving the overall working climate in our offices.
In the nearly half dozen KAI Certification Courses offered through the Blumberg Center, we trained our entire CPS training team, and many persons from the United States and Canada from large companies (e.g., Kimberly-Clark, Anheuser-Busch, Eli Lilly, Hallmark, Fannie Mae) and many independent consultants who worked with the military and with large agencies (e.g., NASA, CIA, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy). I also met many faculty members from universities in the U.S. and Canada through these courses and was enriched through interacting with such a bright and diverse group. It was a pleasure to learn that these successful and often highly placed people shared with me the belief that the A-I theory was an important concept to spread to others.
The relationship I developed with Dr. Kirton and his work with A-I theory has led to my working with key administrators, faculty, a small group of KAI certified faculty and staff. We have also read Kirton's most recent book, Adaption-Innovation: In the Context of Diversity and Change (2003). This book and the discussions with our KAI Faculty Learning Community have given me a wider perspective about leadership, problem solving, and especially about working with others. In reflection, I have used KAI to expand the community of learners wth whom I am engaged.
Knowledge of the A-I theory has greatly impacted my belief about the value and benefits of building and protecting a wide range of cognitive diversity within organizations and teams. It has provided insights that we have used at the Blumberg Center to check our marketing materials for appeal across the A-I continuum. It has increased my awareness of differences, my tolerance, and my ability to observe preferences of people in their approaches to change and problem solving. I have been able to use A-I theory in my work as director of the Blumberg Center, and in my interactions with my family and others. And, hey, it's been fun to meet people who are highly placed in companies like IBM, Proctor and Gamble, Xerox, etc. whom I never would have met. My network of associates who know and use KAI includes people in several countries. These associations have enriched my life and my learning.
Dr William Littlejohn, associate professor in Special Education, and director of the Blumberg Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Special Education in the College of Education, Indiana State University. 2004.


Academy of Ideas | Events Archive | Subjects or Skills?
7:00pm, Monday 24 September 2007, Contact education@academyofideas.org.uk for more information.
Robert Whelan, Deputy Director of CIVITAS and editor of The Corruption of the Curriculum, and Martin Johnson, Acting Deputy General Secretary, Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL) and the lead author of Subject to Change: New Thinking on the Curriculum, will introduce a discussion on the opposing theses of their recent books.
Several members of the Education Forum were guests on Claire Fox News on 18 Doughty Street discussing the criticisms made of new curricula in the recent CIVITAS publication The Corruption of the Curriculum.


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California Gun Laws 2023 – Your Top 12 Questions Answered
Criminal Defense » California Gun Laws
California law requires you to be 21 years old to buy a handgun and 18 years old to buy a shotgun or rifle. You must also pass a background check (called the Dealer's Record of Sale, or DROS) with a licensed dealer – even if it is a private purchase or gun show purchase.
Some people may never possess firearms, such as convicted felons and narcotics addicts. Further, California's gun laws make it a crime to carry a concealed firearm or concealed weapon. This crime, however, will not get charged if you have a lawful concealed carry permit.
Similarly, State law generally makes it illegal to openly carry a gun. This applies to the open carry of both:
unloaded weapons, per Penal Code 26350, and
loaded weapons, per Penal Code 25850 PC.
Penal Code 16590 is the California statute that bans possessing, making, or selling specific types of firearms. Some of these include:
short-barreled shotguns and rifles, also illegal per Penal Code 33215 PC,
undetectable firearms, also illegal per Penal Code 24610 PC, and
zip guns, also illegal per Penal Code 33600 PC.
Assault weapons and BMG rifles are also banned in California per Penal Code 30600 PC. The law specifically prohibits doing the following with these firearms:
manufacture,
distribute,
import,
sell or
give away.
Penal Code 30605 PC makes it a crime to possess these weapons. (Note that on June 4, 2021, a federal judge overturned California's ban on assault weapons on the grounds that it violates the constitutional right to bear arms under the Second Amendment. But assault weapons remain illegal in California while the state appeals the ruling.)
Note that there are six places in California where you cannot bring a firearm. These are:
schools, per Penal Code 626.9 PC,
public buildings and meetings open to the public, per Penal Code 171b PC,
government buildings, per Penal Code 171c PC,
the Governor's mansion, per Penal Code 171d PC,
airports and passenger vessel terminals, per Penal Code 171.5 PC, and
public transit facilities, per Penal Code 171.7 PC.
In addition to covering guns, California's firearm laws also apply rules and restrictions to the following:
armor-piercing bullets, per Penal Code 30315 PC,
silencers, per Penal Code 33410 PC,
stun guns, per Penal Code 22610 PC, and
laser scopes and laser pointers, per Penal Code 417.25 PC.
Some criminal convictions will result in you losing your right to own, purchase, and possess a gun. If stripped of these rights, you can try to restore your gun rights. This is most often accomplished by:
getting a wobbler felony reduced to a misdemeanor, and
receiving a pardon from California's Governor.
In this article, our California criminal defense attorneys will answer the following 11 key questions:
1. Who is (and isn't) allowed to have guns in California?
1.1. People prohibited from possessing a gun
1.2. Firearm Safety Certificates
2. What is the process for buying, selling, and registering guns?
2.1. Buying
2.2. Selling
2.3. Registering
3. Are there rules about transporting and storing firearms?
3.1. Transporting
3.1.1. Handguns that can be concealed
3.1.2. Firearms that cannot be concealed
3.1.3. Assault rifles
3.2. Storing
3.2.1. Child present
3.2.2. Storage with prohibited person
4. Who is allowed to carry a concealed weapon?
4.1. Penal Code 25400
4.2. Concealed carry permit
5. Is anyone allowed to open carry?
6. Are certain types of firearms illegal altogether?
7. What about assault weapons?
7.2. Definition of assault weapons and .50 BMG rifles
8. Are there places where guns are prohibited?
8.1. School grounds
8.2. Public buildings and meetings open to the public
8.3. Government buildings
8.4. The Governor's mansion
8.5. Airports and passenger vessel terminals
8.6. Public transit facilities
9. What are the rules on ammunition and gun accessories?
9.1. Large capacity magazines
9.2. Armor-piercing ammunition
9.3. Silencers
9.4. Stun guns
9.5. Laser scopes and laser pointers
10. How can I restore gun rights after a criminal conviction?
11. What are some California offenses that involve firearms?
12. Are ghost guns legal in California?
California law allows most people over the age of 21 (but not all) to own/possess a gun.
The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution provides you with the right to bear arms.
Further, California gun laws allow most adults age 21 and older to:
buy,
own, and
possess a gun.
California laws, though, provide some limitations on this right. For example, State law:
prohibits some people from acquiring or possessing a gun, and
requires Californians to obtain a Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC) prior to legally acquiring a gun.
You are generally prohibited from buying or possessing a gun in California if you:
are a convicted felon,1
are a narcotics addict,2
have two or more convictions under Penal Code Section 417 PC, California's law against brandishing a weapon,3
have been convicted of certain misdemeanor offenses (for example, corporal injury to a spouse, per California Penal Code 273.5 PC and crimes involving domestic violence),4
suffer from mental illness,5 or
are under 18 (though you can own a BB gun if you have parental consent).6
Note that California's red flag law also allows family, roommates, coworkers, employers, and teachers to seek restraining orders to remove guns from the possession of potentially dangerous people.7 These orders are sometimes referred to as "gun violence restraining orders," or GVROs.
Also note that if you are prohibited from owning a gun, then you are also prohibited from owning any ammunition.8
If you do not fall into one of the above-prohibited categories, then you can legally buy and possess a gun.
You may legally keep a gun within your house or a place of business that you own. You may also legally carry a gun from place to place provided that it is in a locked container.9
Per Penal Code 26840 PC, if you acquire a firearm, you must have a Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC).10 In the case of a handgun, it is permissible if you have an expired handgun safety certificate.11
The above statute applies unless you are exempt under the law from having to have a certificate. An example of an exempt person is someone that:
was issued a valid hunting license, and
wants to own or possess long guns.12
To obtain an FSC, you must pass a California Department of Justice (DOJ) written test on firearm safety.
California requires you to obtain a Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC) prior to legally acquiring a gun.
The State of California's firearms laws impose certain rules and restrictions with regards to the:
purchase of a gun,
sale of a gun, and
registration of a firearm.
Under California's Dealer's Record of Sale (DROS) process, all firearm purchases and transfers must be made through a licensed gun dealer. This includes:
private party transactions, and
purchases at gun shows.13
State law imposes a 10-day waiting period before a seller can release or transfer a gun to you and allow you to take gun ownership.14
Per Penal Code 27510, a licensed dealer cannot do any of the following in relation to a person under the age of 21:
sell a gun,
supply a gun,
deliver a gun,
transfer a gun, or
give possession or control of a gun.15
Some exceptions to this rule apply. For example, a dealer can sell or transfer a gun to you if you are under 21, but over the age of 18, when,
you possess a valid hunting license,
you are an active peace officer, and/or
you are an active federal officer or law enforcement agent who is authorized to carry a firearm.16
The DROS process requires you to present a licensed dealer with clear evidence of your age at the time of buying a gun. This evidence may include:
a valid California driver's license,
a valid California identification card, and
a military identification card with a copy of permanent duty station orders.17
You also have to provide proof of California residency. This can be done by way of a:
utility bill,
residential lease,
property deed, or
government-issued ID.18
Also, with handguns, note that there is no limit on the total number of handguns that you can buy. However, you usually cannot buy more than one handgun in any 30-day period.19
Note that a "handgun" includes items like:
revolvers,
semiautomatic pistols, and
most firearms equipped with a pistol grip.
Please note that there are special relaxed rules for transferring firearms between family members in California.
Penal Code 26700 PC sets forth the requirements to be a licensed dealer of firearms. If you satisfy all of the requirements, then you can become a licensed dealer.20
Some of these requirements include that you:
have a valid firearms license imposed under federal law,
have any regulatory or business license, or licenses, required by local government, and
have a valid seller's permit issued by the State Board of Equalization.21
Federal law requires federally licensed firearms dealers (but not private sellers) to initiate a background check on a purchaser prior to the sale of a firearm.22
Note that all California licensed dealers have to be "federally licensed firearms dealers." This means you are required to perform background checks.
Federal law prohibits you from acquiring or possessing a gun if you:
have been convicted of certain crimes, or
are subject to a court order related to domestic violence or a serious mental condition.23
Penal Code 26500 makes it a misdemeanor to sell, lease, or transfer a gun without a license.24
You face up to:
one year in county jail, and/or
a maximum fine of $1,000.25
You can register a gun in California by completing and submitting a Firearm Ownership Report (FOR) Application.26 A completed report is a declaration that you are the gun's true owner.
A FOR Application is not required for most guns/gun owners under the State's firearm laws. Firearms get registered by a gun dealer during the sale of a firearm.
Gun registration, though, is required when you are moving into California and owns a firearm.27
Once you buy or acquire possession of a firearm, California law imposes several public safety requirements when you:
transport the gun, and
store the gun.
The rules on transporting a firearm differ a bit depending on whether the gun is:
a handgun that can be concealed,
a firearm that cannot be concealed, or
an assault rifle.
To lawfully transport a handgun in a vehicle, you must ensure that it is:
unloaded,
locked in the trunk of the vehicle or in a locked container inside the vehicle, and
apparent, or not concealed inside the vehicle.28
It is always a crime to transport a loaded firearm.
Gun ammo can be stored in:
the locked container, or
some other carrying device.
You must adhere to these rules no matter if you are:
the driver of the vehicle, or
a passenger inside the car.
State law says that firearms that cannot be concealed must be unloaded when you transport them.29
Typically, local laws say that non-concealable firearms do not have to be in a locked container. United States federal law, though, says that some types of firearms do have to be in a locked container or in a gun rack when in a school zone.30 These are zones located within 1,000 feet of the grounds of a K-12 school.31
Note that firearms that cannot be concealed include:
shotguns,
long guns,
rifles,
carbines, and
a centerfire rifle.
When transporting an assault weapon, you must ensure that it is:
unloaded, and
stored in a locked container.32
Further, note that assault weapons can only be transported to and from certain places. For example, you may only transport these guns to:
a licensed firearms dealer for servicing or repair,
your private property,
someone else's property, provided that the property owner has given you permission to bring the gun, and
a firing range.33
Semi-automatic rifles are examples of assault rifles.
California's attorney general provides several recommendations on gun storage. The attorney general encourages you to:
store your gun with a state-approved firearm safety device on it (for example, a trigger lock or a cable lock),
ensure that your weapon is not loaded,
put your firearm in a locked container (a lockbox or a gun safe), and
store your gun in a different location than the ammunition.34
Additional safety measures will apply in the event that either:
children are present in the location where a gun is being stored, and
a person prohibited from possessing a gun is present in the location where the gun is being stored.
Per Penal Code 25100 PC it is a crime for you to:
store a loaded firearm in a home, or within an area of your control, and
do so when you know, or should know, that a child could access it without a parent's permission.35
This means if you know that a child can access a stored gun, you should:
make certain that it is unloaded, and
store it in a place outside of the child's access (like a locked container).
A violation of the above law is a misdemeanor offense. The crime is punishable by up to one year in county jail. This punishment will increase if a child accesses the weapon and causes:
harm,
great bodily injury, or
death.36
Note that no criminal charges will be filed if a child accessed the gun in a lawful act of self-defense or in the defense of another person.37
Penal Code 25100 PC also makes it a crime to:
store a loaded gun in a home, or within an area of your control, and
do so when you know, or should know, that a person prohibited from possessing a firearm could access it.38
This means if you know that an adult who cannot possess a gun can access the weapon, you should:
store it in a place outside of the adult's access (like in a locked container).
A violation of the above law is charged as a misdemeanor. The crime is punishable by up to one year in county jail.
Note that this punishment increases if an adult gets to the weapon and causes:
In such cases, the crime can be charged as a felony and lead to custody in state prison for up to three years.40
Note, though, that no criminal charges will be filed if the prohibited person accessed a gun in a lawful act of self-defense or in the defense of another person.41
Penal Code 25400 PC makes it a crime to carry a concealed weapon with no CCW.
Penal Code 25400 PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to carry a concealed weapon.
However, the statute will not apply if you have a lawful concealed carry permit, or "CCW." This means you can legally carry a concealed weapon if you have obtained a CCW.
PC 25400 makes it a criminal offense to carry a concealed weapon.
A prosecutor must prove the following to convict you under this statute:
you concealed a firearm on your person or in a vehicle,
you knew about the presence of the concealed gun, and
the firearm was substantially concealed.42
As to the second element above, it is a legal defense to this crime if you did not know of the presence of a weapon. For example, you are not guilty if you were in a friend's car and did not know that there was a gun under his seat.
A violation of this law is charged as a misdemeanor.43 A conviction is punishable by:
custody in county jail for up to one year, and/or
a maximum $1,000 fine.44
A PC 25400 violation, though, can become a felony when:
you have a prior felony conviction or conviction for a California firearm offense,45
the firearm is stolen and you knew, or had reasonable cause to believe, that it was stolen,46
you were actively involved in a criminal street gang,47
you unlawfully possessed the firearm,48
you were prohibited from possessing a firearm under Penal Code 29800 PC, California's felon with a firearm law,49 or
you were prohibited from possessing a firearm under Penal Code 29900 PC for committing a violent offense.50
As to number one above, note that you will serve a minimum of three years in county jail if:
you carried a concealed weapon, and
have a prior firearm offense.51
This includes prior convictions under:
Penal Code 245a1 PC, assault with a deadly weapon,
Penal Code 246 PC, shooting at an inhabited dwelling house or car, and
Penal Code 417 PC, California's brandishing a weapon law.52
As to number six above, offenses deemed "violent" for purposes of this section include (but are not limited to):
murder,
rape,
lewd acts on a child,
robbery,
kidnapping, and
carjacking.53
Felony carrying a concealed firearm is punishable by:
up to three years in county jail, and/or
a maximum $10,000 fine.54
A concealed carry permit is the only means by which ordinary citizens may legally carry concealed firearms in public in California. Absent a CCW, it is a crime to carry either a loaded or an unloaded firearm in public.
A concealed carry permit is sometimes referred to as a "concealed weapons permit."
The following are the only parties that may issue a CCW:
a county sheriff,55 or
the chief or other head of a municipal police department.56
You must prove the following in order to receive a CCW:
you are of good moral character,
good cause exists for issuance of the license because you, or a family member, is in immediate danger,
you meet certain residency requirements, and
you have completed an acceptable course on firearms training.57
If you receive a permit to carry a concealed firearm, you may legally carry a loaded, concealed gun. However, you must comply with the terms and conditions outlined in the permit.
Note that there was some recent doubt about the constitutionality of California's laws on CCW permits. In 2014, the court ruled that the "good cause" requirement to obtain a CCW violated the Second Amendment right to bear arms.58
But in June 2016, the court overturned this finding. The court ruled that in fact, the Second Amendment does not apply to concealed firearms, and thus there are no constitutional rights implicated by California's "good cause" requirement.59
Further, the United States Supreme Court (sitting in Washington, D.C.) refused to consider a challenge to California's concealed carry law. So law-abiding gun owners can still carry a concealed handgun if they obtain a CCW.
But most recently, the U.S. Supreme Court in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association vs. Bruen held that a New York law – which mandated a showing of "special need for self-protection" in order to secure a CCW permit – violated the Second and Fourteenth Amendments. This ruling indicates that California may have to change its "good cause" requirement for CCW permits.60
It is generally a crime to openly carry a firearm in California.61 This applies to the open carry of both:
loaded guns, and
unloaded guns.
Note, however, there is one exception involving the open carry of loaded guns. Under California law, the sheriff of any county with a population under 200,000 people may issue licenses to carry a loaded, exposed handgun.62
Note too that the laws regarding the open carry of firearms may change. In 2018, a court ruled that the Second Amendment guarantees the open carry of a gun.63 This decision, however, was appealed and is working its way through the courts.64
Carrying an unloaded handgun in public is a misdemeanor.65 Most violations are punishable by:
up to one year in county jail, or
a fine of up to $1,000.66
Carrying a loaded firearm in public is a misdemeanor.67 The penalties include:
Note, though, that aggravating factors can make the crime a wobbler offense. This means a prosecutor can charge the offense as either a misdemeanor or a felony.
A felony conviction can result in imprisonment in county jail for up to three years.69
Penal Code 16590 is the California statute on "generally prohibited weapons." The law bans certain firearms and firearm accessories.
More specifically, the statute makes it a crime to do any of the following with these guns/add-ons:
manufacture them,
import them into the state,
keep them for sale,
offer them for sale,
give them away,
lend them, or
possess them.70
A "generally prohibited weapon" includes the following guns, equipment, and ammunition:
short-barreled shotguns and rifles, also illegal per Penal Code 33215 PC,71
undetectable firearms, also illegal per Penal Code 24610 PC,72
firearms that are not immediately recognizable as firearms, also illegal per Penal Code 24510 PC,73
unconventional pistols, also illegal per Penal Code 31500 PC,74
cane guns (or a gun that is enclosed in an object that looks like a walking cane), also illegal per Penal Code 24410 PC,75
wallet guns (or a firearm enclosed in a small case), also illegal per Penal Code 17330 PC,76
zip guns (or a cheap makeshift firearm made by miscellaneous material), also illegal per Penal Code 33600 PC,77
camouflaging firearm containers, also illegal per Penal Code 24310 PC,78
bullets containing explosive agents, also illegal per Penal Code 30210 PC,79
multiburst trigger activators – also illegal per Penal Code 32900 PC,80 and
A violation of these laws is a wobbler. This means a prosecutor can charge the crime as either a misdemeanor or a felony.81
If a misdemeanor, the crime is punishable by:
If a felony, the offense is punishable by:
imprisonment in jail for up to three years, and/or
a maximum fine of $10,000.83
Note that large-capacity ammunition magazines are illegal in California.84 In 2021, the Ninth Circuit held that Penal Code 32310 PC – which bans LCMs – does not violate self-defense laws.85
Penal Code 30600 PC largely bans assault weapons in California. (Although a federal judge overturned this ban on June 4, 2021, it remains in effect while the state appeals the ruling.)
A question often arises under this statute on the meaning of assault weapons and .50 BMG rifles.
Penal Code 30600 PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to manufacture, distribute, transport, import, sell or give away assault weapons and BMG rifles.86
This law does not apply to the possession of these weapons. Possession of these types of guns, however, is a crime under Penal Code 30605 PC.
As to possession, note that antique firearms and similar curios are exempt from this statute.
You are guilty under PC 30600 only if you:
performed an illegal act knowingly, and
knew or reasonably should have known that the weapon involved had the characteristics of an assault weapon or .50 BMG rifle.87
Note that Senate Bill 61 was signed into law in 2019. It adds two new laws with regard to assault weapons in California. The bill does the following:
limits the purchase of these guns to one per month, and
prohibits the sale of semi-automatic rifles to anyone under 21.88
Note too that California law does allow certain qualified personnel to receive:
a permit to manufacture these weapons, and
then sell them to law enforcement agencies or military agencies.
This means you would not be guilty under PC 30600 if you legally had one of these permits. This is provided a weapon was made, or sold to, a police officer or military department.
A violation of PC 30600 is charged as a felony. The crime is punishable by:
custody in county jail for up to eight years, or
felony (or formal) probation.89
Note that you will receive an additional one-year jail term if you:
transferred,
loaned,
sold, or
an assault weapon or BMG rifle to a minor.90
As to the possession of an assault weapon, a violation of Penal Code 30605 is a wobbler offense in California. This means it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony.
If charged as a misdemeanor, the crime is punishable by:
imprisonment in county jail for up to one year, and/or
If charged as a felony, the offense is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for up to three years.92
An assault weapon is a weapon that is identified as such in a California statute.93
For example, Penal Code 30510 PC lists over 70 types of firearms that are all classified as assault weapons. Some of these include:
all AK series rifles,
Uzi submachine guns, and
the Striker 12 shotguns.94
Penal Code 30515 PC also lists some semiautomatic centerfire rifles that are considered assault weapons. Some of these are:
Bushmaster semiautomatic rifles,
the TAVOR Bullpup rifle, and
the Micro-UZI submachine gun.95
A .50 BMG rifle is not an assault weapon or a machine gun.
It is a centerfire rifle that can fire a .50 BMG cartridge.
A .50 BMG rifle has all of the following characteristics:
the overall length is 5.54 inches from the base of the cartridge to the tip of the bullet,
the bullet diameter for the cartridge is from .510 to and including .511 inch, and
the case base diameter for the cartridge is from .800 inches to, and including, .804 inches.96
There are six places in California where guns are prohibited. These are:
school grounds,
public buildings and meetings open to the public,
government buildings,
the Governor's mansion,
airports and passenger vessel terminals, and
public transit facilities.
Penal Code 626.9 PC is California's Gun-Free School Zone Act. The statute prohibits you from possessing a gun on or near school grounds.97
More specifically, the law makes it a crime to:
possess a firearm in or on the grounds of a public or private K-12 school,98
discharge, or attempt to discharge, a firearm in a school zone with reckless disregard for the safety of another,99 and
bring or possesses a loaded firearm upon the grounds of student or teacher housing for a public or private university.100
A violation of these laws can result in a jail sentence of up to seven years.101
Penal Code 171b PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to bring or possess certain "weapons" into:
public buildings, and
meetings open to the public.102
Some of these "weapons" include any:
firearm,
knife with a blade length over four inches,
tear gas weapon,
taser or stun gun, and
BB or pellet gun.103
A "public building" is a building owned or leased by the state or local government, if state or local public employees are regularly present to perform their official duties.104
Note that this statute may not necessarily apply to:
those personnel that transport weapons into a court of law to be used as evidence,
police officers and law enforcement officers,
persons holding a valid license to carry a firearm, and
a person who has permission to possess the weapon and is in charge of securing the public building he is in.105
A violation of this statute is a wobbler offense, meaning it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony.106
If charged as a misdemeanor, the crime is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for up to one year.
If charged as a felony, the offense is punishable by custody in county jail for up to three years.
Penal Code 171c PC makes it a crime to bring a loaded firearm into any of the following:
the State Capitol,
any legislative office,
any hearing room in which any committee of the Senate or Assembly is conducting a hearing, or
the Legislative Office Building at 1020 N Street in the City of Sacramento.107
A violation of this statute is a wobbler. This means it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony.
A misdemeanor conviction can bring a county jail sentence of up to one year.108
A felony conviction can lead to custody in county jail for up to three years.109
Penal Code 171d PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to possess a loaded firearm within or on the grounds of:
the Governor's Mansion or any other residence of the Governor,
the residence of any other constitutional officer, or
the residence of any member of the California Legislature.110
A violation of this law is a wobbler. This means it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony.
A misdemeanor offense is punishable by imprisonment in county jail for up to one year.111
A felony offense is punishable by custody in county jail for up to three years.112
Penal Code 171.5 PC makes it a crime to possess, within any sterile area of an airport or a passenger vessel terminal:
a firearm,
a taser or stun gun,
a BB or pellet gun,
an imitation firearm,
the frame or receiver of a firearm, or
any ammunition.113
Possession of any of these guns within the sterile (post-security check) area of an airport or a passenger vessel terminal is charged as a misdemeanor. The offense is punishable by:
up to six months in county jail, and/or
a fine of up to $1,000.114
Penal Code 171.7 PC makes it a crime to knowingly possess within any sterile area of a public transit facility:
a BB or pellet gun, or
a spot marker or paint gun.115
Note, though, that the sterile area must be posted with a statement providing reasonable notice that prosecution may result.116
Public transit facilities transport members of the public for hire. They include (but are not limited to):
streetcars,
light rail systems,
rapid transit systems,
subways, and
trains.117
A violation of this law is charged as a misdemeanor. The crime is punishable by:
In addition to addressing firearms, California's gun laws impose rules and restrictions on the following:
large capacity magazines,
armor-piercing magazines,
silencers,
stun guns,
laser scopes and laser pointers.
As mentioned above (Section 6), large-capacity magazines are now legal in California. "Large-capacity magazines" are those that can generally hold 10 rounds of ammunition or more.119
Penal Code 30315 PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to possess armor-piercing ammunition.
"Armor-piercing" bullets are those designed to penetrate ballistic armor and protective shields, which are intended to deflect conventional bullets.
Possession of armor-piercing ammunition is a wobbler offense, meaning it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony.
A misdemeanor conviction is punishable by up to one year in county jail.120
Per California Penal Code 33410 PC, it is a crime to possess a silencer.
A violation of this statute is charged as a felony. The offense is punishable by:
custody in county jail for up to three years, and/or
a fine not to exceed $10,000.122
It is generally legal in California to own a stun gun.
However, Penal Code 22610 PC makes it illegal for you to buy, use, or possess a stun gun if:
you were convicted of a felony, any crime involving assault, or any crime involving the misuse of a stun gun under PC 244.5,
you are a narcotic addicts, or
you are a minor, unless you are at least 16 years of age and have the written consent of your parent or legal guardian.123
The first violation of Penal Code 22610 is a public offense punishable by a $50 fine.124
Subsequent violations are treated as misdemeanors, punishable by:
up to one year in county jail, and/or
a maximum $1,000 fine.125
Penal Code 417.25 PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to point a laser scope, or a laser pointer, at another person in a threatening manner.126
Note that "threatening manner," means that the pointing of the scope or laser instills fear of bodily harm in the other person.127
A "laser scope" is a portable battery-powered device that can be attached to a gun and can project a laser light onto objects.128
A "laser pointer" is a hand-held laser beam device that emits a single point of light, which can be seen by the human eye.129
A violation of PC 417.25 is charged as a misdemeanor in California. The crime is punishable by imprisonment in county jail for up to 30 days.130
Note that in lieu of jail time, a judge may impose misdemeanor (or summary) probation.
As stated above (Section 1.1), felony convictions and convictions of certain misdemeanors result in you losing your right to:
own a gun,
buy a gun, and
You must relinquish your gun(s) following one of these convictions.
A felony conviction means you will lose your gun rights for life.
Similarly, a few weapon-related misdemeanor convictions can subject you to a lifetime ban on guns.
In addition, about 40 misdemeanors carry a 10-year firearms ban.131 Some of these include:
stalking, per Penal Code 646.9 PC,
battery, per Penal Code 242 PC,
brandishing a weapon, per Penal Code 417, and
making criminal threats, per Penal Code 422 PC.
Despite these rules, you may try to restore your gun rights. This can be done by:
having a "wobbler" felony reduced to a misdemeanor, or
receiving a pardon from the California governor.132
Reducing a felony to a misdemeanor means that you will not face a lifetime ban on guns (because the felony conviction is reduced).
As to a pardon, you must apply directly to the governor for a pardon if:
you live outside California, or
you were convicted of certain misdemeanor sex offenses.133
Otherwise, obtaining a pardon is a two-step process. You must:
petition the superior court for a California Certificate of Rehabilitation, and
if the petition is granted, it automatically becomes a petition for a pardon from the California Governor.134
Note that California's Governor has complete discretion to grant or deny pardon requests.
There are several California crimes that involve firearms. In addition to the ones mentioned above, some others include:
inflicting bodily injury while brandishing a gun, per Penal Code 417.6 PC,
California's "drive-by shooting" law, per Penal Code 26100 PC,
personal use of a firearm in the commission of a felony, per Penal Code 12022.5 PC,
the "10-20-life 'use a gun and you're done'" law, per Penal Code 12022.53 PC,
sentencing enhancement for criminal street gang participation, per Penal Code 186.22 PC,
commission of a firearm felony while possessing metal-piercing armor or wearing a bullet-proof vest, per Penal Code 12022.2 PC,
use of a gun during the commission of sex crimes, per Penal Code 12022.3 PC,
aiding or abetting a felony with a firearm, per Penal Code 12022.4 PC,
changing a gun's identifying information, per Penal Code 23900 PC,
possessing guns in violation of a court order, per Penal Code 29825,
taking a firearm from a peace officer, per Penal Code 148d,
shooting at an unoccupied aircraft, per Penal Code 247a, and.
shooting at an unoccupied motor vehicle or structure, per Penal Code 247b.
If you assemble your own guns in California, you have to apply for a serial number to affix to the gun. Otherwise, it is still legal to buy gun parts and assemble them without a background check.135
However, federal law may soon require that gun parts have their own serial numbers, and for you to have to pass background checks in order to purchase gun parts.136
For additional help…
For additional guidance or to discuss your case with a criminal defense attorney, we invite you to contact us at Shouse Law Group. Our firm provides trusted legal advice and serves clients throughout California, including those in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego. We offer discount rates and payment plans during the coronavirus pandemic.
For information on gun laws in Nevada and Colorado, please see our articles on:
"Nevada Gun Laws – with 2022 updates," and
"Colorado Gun Laws (with 2022 updates)."
California Penal Code 29800a1 PC.
See same.
California Penal Code 29805 PC.
California Welfare and Institutions Code 8100. See also California Assembly Bill 1968 (2018).
See, for example, Assembly Bill 61 (2019). See also CA. Gov. Gavin Newsom Signs 15 Anti-Gun Bills into Law, Firearms Policy Coalition (the purpose of these bills is to prevent mass shootings and promote gun safety). Assembly Bill 2870 (2022)(took effect in 2023).
California Penal Code 25610 PC. Also see Zusha Elinson, Gun Owners in San Jose Now Need Liability Insurance, Wall Street Journal (January 11, 2023).
See California Attorney General's website, "What is the process for purchasing a firearm in California?"
See same. See also Penal Code 26800-26850 PC.
California Penal Code 26700 PC. Note that with the passage of SB-915 (2022), the sale of firearms and ammunition are banned on all state-owned properties as well as county fairgrounds.
Brady Handgun Violence Protection Act, 107 Stat. 1536.
California Penal Code 2800 PC.
California Penal Code 17000 and 27560 PC.
See California's DOJ's website, "Transporting Firearms in California."
18 U.S.C. § 922(q)(2)(A)(iii).
18 U.S.C. § 921(a)(25).
California Penal Code 30945g PC. See also California's DOJ's website, "Transporting Firearms in California."
"Firearm Safety," Office of Attorney General's website.
California Penal Code 25100.
See, for example, CALCRIM No. 2520 – Carrying Concealed Firearm on Person. Judicial Council of California Criminal Jury Instructions (2017 edition).
California Penal Code 25400c7 PC.
California Penal Code 25400d2 PC.
See California Penal Code 29900a1 PC.
California Penal Code 18 PC.
Peruta v. Cnty of San Diego, 742 F.3d 1144 (2014).
Peruta v. Cnty. of San Diego, 824 F.3d 919 (2016). See also Lopez-Aguilar v. Marion Cty. Sheriff's Dep't, 924 F.3d 375 (2019).
See Supreme Court of the United States blog (SCOTUS blog). New York State Rifle & Pistol Association vs. Bruen (2022) No. 20–843. John Healey, Supreme Court throws out New York's concealed weapons law. Here's what it means for California, LA Times (June 23, 2022). Ben Christopher, California's change to concealed carry permits would reduce wide variations among counties, Cal Matters (June 29, 2022)
Young v. Hawaii, 896 F.3d 1044 (2018).
See website of the United States Courts for the Ninth Circuit.
California Penal Code 26350b1 PC.
California Penal Code 16590 PC. (See also PC 12020 – now repealed.)
California Penal Code 16590t PC.
California Penal Code 16590w PC.
California Penal Code 16590k PC.
California Penal Code 16590g PC.
California Penal Code 16590x PC.
California Penal Code 16590z PC.
California Penal Code 16590f PC.
California Penal Code 16590e PC.
California Penal Code 16590q PC.
In re David V (2008) 166 Cal.App.4th 801.
California Penal Code 1170h PC.
Maura Dolan, U.S. appeals court upholds California's ban on large-capacity firearms magazines, Los Angeles Times (November 30, 2021). See also Teri Figueroa, 9th Circuit ends California ban on high-capacity magazines, LA Times (August 14, 2020).
Same. See also Duncan v. Becerra, 366 F. Supp. 3d 1131 (2019).
California Penal Code 30600 PC. Don Thompson, California's three-decade-old ban on assault weapons is unconstitutional, federal judge rules, Los Angeles Times (June 4, 2021)("U.S. District Judge Roger Benitez of San Diego ruled that the state's definition of illegal military-style rifles unlawfully deprives law-abiding Californians of weapons commonly allowed in most other states and by the U.S. Supreme Court.").
CALCRIM No. 2560 – Possession, etc., of Assault Weapon or. 50 BMG Rifle. Judicial Council of California Criminal Jury Instructions (2017 edition). See also In re Jorge M. (2000) 23 Cal.4th 866.
Senate Bill 61 SB.
California Penal Code 30600. See also California Penal Code 1170h.
California Penal Code 30600b PC.
Harrott v. County of Kings (2001) 25 Cal.4th 1138. See also Senate Bill No. 1327 (2022); Alex Riggins, Federal judge to block part of California gun law modeled after Texas abortion ban, San Diego Union-Tribune (December 16, 2022).
CALCRIM No. 2560. Possession, etc., of Assault Weapon or. 50 BMG Rifle.
California Penal Code 626.9 PC.
California Penal Code 171b PC.
California Penal Code 171c PC.
California Penal Code 171d PC.
California Penal Code 171.5e PC.
California Penal Code 171.7b PC.
California Penal Code 171.7a1 PC.
California Penal Code 171.7d PC.
See note 81.
California Penal Code 417.25 PC.
See California Penal Code 4852.01-4852.21 PC. See also the California Governor's website, "Pardons."
PC 29180, et seq.
Lauren Egan and Shannon Pettypie, Biden targets 'ghost guns' and 'red flag' laws in new gun control measures, NBC News (April 8, 2021).
California Gun Laws
BB Gun Laws
California Gun Storage Laws
California Red Flag Law
How Legally to Transport Firearms in California
How to Get a Concealed Weapons Permit (CCW)
Transferring guns between family members
California Cases
Nevada Cases
Colorado Cases
¿Español?


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text:
Q: shadow in the picture I try to put a drop shadow on a picture, so that it looks like it is sunk in the background. I only find ways to make a drop shadow on the background, so that it looks like the picture is on top of it.
In the link you can see, how I would like to have it:
https://data.starmind.com/question/f20587/14df8846f6e325179c546779d4571746.jpg
And here is my code:
\documentclass{beamer}
\usetheme{Warsaw}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shadows.blur}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.symbols}

\begin{document}
\frame{\frametitle{\large{Test}}

\begin{columns}
 \column[]{2in}
  \begin{block}{Block over background}
   \begin{itemize}
        \item  Item 1
        \item  Item 2
        \item  Item 3
        \item  Item 4
   \end{itemize}
  \end{block}

 \column[]{2in}
    \begin{figure}
        \centering
        \begin{tikzpicture}
        \node[rounded corners=2pt,drop shadow={shadow xshift=.8ex,shadow yshift=-.8ex},fill=blue,draw]at (0,0) {\rule{2cm}{2cm}};
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{Picture over background}
    \end{figure}
\end{columns}}
\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Philippines, Papua New Guinea sign deal on agriculture cooperation
May 17, 2018 DF Balita Economy, PHILIPPINES
Philippines and Papua New Guinea recently signed an agriculture cooperation which aims to boost food security in both countries
The 2 countries will strengthen their cooperation in rice grains and industrial crops production, aquaculture and inland fish farming, livestock breeding and others
Duterte invited Papua New Guinea Prime Minister Peter O'Neill to visit the Philippines when they met in 2017's APEC
Two countries in the Pacific, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, signed on Wednesday an agriculture cooperation which aims to boost food security in both countries.
Emmanuel Piñol of the Department of Agriculture (DA) and Papua New Guinea's Minister for Agriculture and Livestock, Benny Allan signed the Joint Declaration on Agriculture Cooperation during a ceremony held in the Malacañang Palace when Papua New Guinea Prime Minister Peter O'Neill visited.
In the declaration, both countries vowed to expand and strengthen cooperation in rice grains and industrial crops production, aquaculture and inland fish farming, as well as livestock breeding and improvement, and agri-business development.
"We have asked our relevant officials to negotiate and conclude at the soonest possible time an agreement that will bring our bilateral agriculture cooperation to the modern era, one that will truly be transformative and a hallmark of genuine partnership," Duterte said after the meaningful meeting.
The agriculture cooperation between the two countries will help ensure food security for both countries, said O'Neill.
Duterte and O'Neill also discussed trade and investment relations, defense and security cooperation, and people-to-people exchanges.
"In the pursuit of greater peace, progress, and prosperity for our peoples, we have realized that we have to do more together to ensure what we want to achieve and the goals reached. These must be translated into actions the sustained projects and tangible results that can be measured," Duterte said.
Duterte invited O'Neill to visit the Philippines when they met in 2017's Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders' Meeting in Vietnam.
O'Neill will tour the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) in Muñoz, Nueva Ecija on Thursday. He will then proceed to Japan after a three-day stay in the Philippines.
GMA News, PCOO, Philippine Information Agency, Manila Bulletin
Number of overseas Filipino voters for 2019 elections reaches 1.6 million
Italian artist creates amazing 'spilled' coffee, chocolate, and tea art


FOX has the rights to Gotham here in the US, but in Canada the show will air on CTV. A new full-length Gotham trailer was posted to CTV's website last month and there's a ton of new footage from the pilot episode. Check it out in the video above, the original FOX trailer can be seen below.
Which trailer did you like best?


text:
Urodela
Cryptobranchidae
Cryptobranchus
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
Hellbender
The Hellbender is the largest amphibian in North America. It reaches impressive lengths of up to 29 in. long. This unique species is also known as the Hellbender salamander. Sadly, their populations are currently declining due to human activity. Read on to learn about the Hellbender.
Description of the Hellbender
If you meet an adult Hellbender, and you can actually spot it, you will not have difficulty distinguishing it from other salamander species. Outside of their impressive size, you will also notice their wrinkly skin and flattened bodies.
Adults of this species typically measure between one and two feet long, though some individuals grow several inches longer. Depending on its size, this amphibian weighs between two and five pounds.
Interesting Facts About the Hellbender
This prehistoric-looking creature is certainly an imposing animal. Learn more about what makes these massive amphibians so interesting, below.
Minimal Eyesight – If you look closely at a Hellbender's face, you will not be surprised when I tell you that they have very poor eyesight. Their eyes are incredibly small, and virtually useless to them while hunting.
Sensory Hunters – So if you can't see, how do you hunt? Well, these large salamanders utilize special pores on their faces. These sensory pores let the animal detect minute vibrations in the water around them. This means that they can "see" a crayfish crawling along the bottom just by the movements it makes.
Tight Squeeze – At a glance, you'll also notice that this amphibian looks rather like someone sat on it and flattened it. This body shape is known as "dorsoventrally flattened." This shape might look funny, but it allows the salamanders to squeeze under rocks in pursuit of prey or while escaping predators.
Wrinkles and Ridges – The wrinkly loose skin of this species is yet another adaptation. When you try to wedge yourself into a small space, it helps if your skin has some give to it. The loose wrinkly skin doesn't tear when the animal pulls itself into tight openings, it just pulls one direction or the other.
Habitat of the Hellbender
Unlike some salamanders, and many other amphibians, these animals never leave the water. They live fully aquatic lives. In their aquatic habitats, they prefer clean, flowing water with plenty of oxygen.
Areas with gravel bottoms and an abundance of rocks and submerged logs are particular favorites. You can find these amphibians at sea level and in mountainous streams and creeks.
Distribution of the Hellbender
This species lives exclusively in the Appalachian Mountain Range. Its range extends from New York to northern Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. The westernmost extent of its range stretches into Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee. One subspecies also lives in the Ozarks region of Arkansas and Missouri.
Diet of the Hellbender
The diet of this creature depends on its age. Younger individuals do not have the size that adults do, and thus cannot hunt for prey as large as their adult counterparts.
While young, these carnivores hunt for insects, insect larvae, tadpoles, and even small fish. Adults primarily hunt for crayfish, but they also eat all the previously mentioned prey of the younger individuals.
Hellbender and Human Interaction
Sadly, this impressive species faces direct threat from human activity. The IUCN lists the Hellbender as Near Threatened. Habitat destruction does the most damage to these creatures. They must have flowing water to survive, because moving water has higher oxygen levels and the salamanders "breathe" through their skin.
Their need to obtain oxygen through their skin is also why they are so sensitive to pollution. The introduction of chemicals and pesticides to the water can kill eggs, larvae, and even adults.
Humans have not domesticated these creatures in any way.
Does the Hellbender Make a Good Pet
No, this amphibian does not make a good pet. Additionally, because its population is in decline, it is illegal to own this animal as a pet.
Hellbender Care
Many different zoos and aquariums house Hellbenders. These captive populations are incredibly important for maintaining the population should those in the wild continue to decline. They also make for a wonderful educational tool to teach the public about the consequences of habitat destruction and pollution.
Animals in zoos and aquariums live in carefully regulated enclosures. Their water quality is kept at a constant temperature and oxygen level. Zookeepers feed them worms, shrimp, brine, crickets, small fish, crayfish, and more.
Behavior of the Hellbender
This amphibian lives a solitary life. It maintains a territory, and protects its territory from other members of its species. During the daytime it hides from predators beneath rocks or under submerged logs.
It is nocturnal, but most hunting occurs during the early morning and late evening. As the breeding season arrives, they leave their territory to search for a mate.
Reproduction of the Hellbender
Males dig out a shallow burrow for a female to lay her eggs, then they attempt to attract females to their nesting site. If the female chooses the male, she will lay her eggs in the nest, and then he will fertilize them. A single clutch can contain up to 450 eggs.
Once she lays the eggs, the male chases the female away and proceeds to guard the eggs from any intruders. It takes about 2 months for the eggs to hatch. Once the larval young emerge, the male no longer guards the nest.
dorsoventrally flattened salamander
Eastern Hellbender
Hellbender Salamander
largest amphibian
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text:
muckraker Russia Probe
Mueller Team Believes Potential Trump Pardon Tainted Manafort's Cooperation
TPM Illustration. Photo by Getty Images/AFP Contributo
By Josh Kovensky
Last week's release of the court transcript of a pre-sentencing hearing offered a rare view inside special counsel Robert Mueller's Russia investigation.
But like jazz, what the document doesn't say is arguably more important than what's spelled out.
The transcript shows that Mueller's team was deeply concerned that Manafort – after he had pleaded guilty and agreed to cooperate with them – continued to lie in hopes of receiving a pardon from President Trump.
As special counsel prosecutor Andrew Weissmann explained to U.S. District Judge Amy Berman Jackson regarding why the government decided that Manafort has breached his plea agreement, "there was an unusual factor."
"The second unusual factor, which was REDACTED the normal motives and incentives that are built into a cooperation agreement."
It's not immediately clear from the redaction what effect the "unusual factor" had on the "normal motives and incentives" that come as part of agreeing to cooperate with federal prosecutors in a criminal case. But as the hearing progressed, Weissmann spoke further about the issue of Manafort allegedly lying to prosecutors, and how the incentive structure to encourage cooperation and discourage dishonesty seemed askew in Manafort's case.
"It told us that those incentives were not working — were not working adequately," Weissmann said. "So, all of that factored into why we were making this decision."
Ultimately, it led Mueller's team to declare that Manafort was in breach of his plea agreement and to call off the deal they'd struck with him.
What could have neutralized the normal incentives in a cooperation agreement? What may have motivated Manafort to allegedly lie to prosecutors, after already confessing to a host of crimes, supposedly in exchange for leniency?
Weissmann elaborated further later on in the hearing.
"And the motive, I think, is plain …" Weissmann said. "We can see what it is that he would be worried about, which is that the reaction to the idea that REDACTED would have."
The prosecutor added: "I think, negative consequences in terms of the other motive that Mr. Manafort could have, which is to at least augment his chances for a pardon."
Prosecutors first accused Manafort of breaching his plea agreement on Nov. 26, 2018, a little more than two months after he signed his plea agreement on Sept. 13, 2018.
Two days later, the New York Post published an interview with President Trump in which the journalists asked if he was considering a pardon for Manafort.
"Why would I take it off the table?" Trump reportedly replied. "You know this flipping stuff is terrible. You flip and you lie and you get — the prosecutors will tell you 99 percent of the time they can get people to flip. It's rare that they can't."
One of the lies that prosecutors accuse Manafort of telling while he was supposedly cooperating involves his contacts with the Trump administration.
Special counsel prosecutor Greg Andres accused Manafort of lying at an Oct. 16 interview with the Mueller team. Andres told the judge that the specific lie was "that Mr. Manafort denies having direct or indirect communications with the administration, and it's the indirect part of that that we believe is a false statement."
Berman Jackson seemed initially skeptical at the hearing, asking Andres "why is this of moment that I should be concerned about it?"
Andres replied that "throughout the interviews with Mr. Manafort and some of the issues we've discussed today, you see that he constantly either minimizes the information he has about the administration or any contact with the administration."
"So there's an issue whether or not during his cooperation he's communicating with REDACTED or providing information about the questions or other things that are happening in the special counsel investigation, whether he's sharing that with other people," Andres added.
After Manafort's alleged breach came to light, the New York Times reported that Manafort had secretly been sharing information about the Mueller investigation with Trump's legal team, through his attorney. The New York Times report did not appear to come up directly in court.
In fact, prosecutors repeated multiple times that they believed defense counsel had acted in good faith, and "operated completely in trying to make sure that this would work."
It remains unclear whether Manafort's contacts with the administration – and his alleged dissembling about them – relate directly to the discussion of inverted incentives and his attempt to "augment his chances for a pardon."
More Muckraker
READ: Trump, Through Personal Attorney, Intervenes In Tax Return Suit
Appeals Court Invites Trump DOJ To Opine On Move To Block House Subpoena
Top NRA Comms Staffer Leaves Gun Lobby As Turmoil Escalates


text:
River the dog rescued from brutal cold
WPVI
VIDEO: Dog rescued
ROBBINSVILLE, N.J. (WPVI) -- River, a 6-year-old German shepherd rescue, is recovering from a near-death experience.
The dog escaped from his home in Allentown, New Jersey and was lost outside in the brutal cold for almost a week.
River was finally found Wednesday starving, dehydrated and frozen to the ground.
"He was very weak, he couldn't really stand. He wasn't responsive to us. He was clearly emaciated," Dr. Meghan Respess of NorthStar VETS said.
River lost 30 pounds during the days he was missing.
He was located in the woods 5.5 miles from his home by his owner Dina Alborano, a snow shoe racer.
"I was just out of my mind. It's just the fact of not knowing. It just eats you away," Alborano said.
Dina searched for 6 days tracking miles through the snow.
She was about to give up, but something told her to keep on looking.
Finally, she found him.
"He literally looked up very slightly in recognition, but it was like he wasn't there. I didn't think he was alive," Alborano said.
Doctors at NorthStar VETS in Robbinsville are treating River with IVs, a blood transfusion and pain meds.
The dog is still too weak to stand on his own and has to be helped by technicians.
River wasn't intentionally left outside, but veterinarians say pet owners should take note about the devastating effects exposure to the cold can have for animals.
"They shouldn't underestimate the fact that just because they have fur and can maintain their body temperature outside a little better than us, prolonged exposure can lead to death," Respess said.
And, the doctor says, River was very close to that.
"I know everyone says he's not quite out of the woods, but what I saw and the turnaround he's made and he has the will to live, I think he's gonna make it," Alborano said.
robbinsville townshipn.j. newscoldpetrescuemissing dogdog
Copyright © 2022 WPVI-TV. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Hooked on Hacking
By Siddharth Vodnala, Voiland College intern
Kaveh Khorram didn't really care for his classes back in high school. That changed when he took a computer science class. He discovered that he could come up with an idea and create a product through computer code. Khorram's been hooked on coding ever since.
Today, Khorram, now a junior in computer science at Washington State University, spends his free time building computer applications at programming competitions – or "hackathons" – around the country.
"Hackathons allow you to build an idea over the weekend and see how it works," Khorram said. "You're not sitting there with an idea and waiting to see if someone will build it for you."
His do-it-yourself spirit has helped Khorram win prizes at several prestigious hackathons, including HackHarvard, conducted at Harvard University and Code for Good, organized by JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Khorram's app in action.
At HackHarvard, Khorram and his team won the "Most Fundable Hack" prize for their app Eaglevision, aiming to solve the social awkwardness that occurs when meeting strangers at large networking events. Khoram's app, using the same technology as the popular mobile game Pokemon Go, allows iPhone users to scan a group of people and generate text bubbles above each person's face within that group that shows their interests, hobbies and other relevant information via the augmented reality technology within the app. For their idea, the team also won the "Best Customer Experience Award," bestowed by Dell.
"We wanted to solve the problem of not knowing who's who," Khorram said.
At Code for Good, Khorram's team developed an app that digitized barcodes for prescriptions and an app for doctors and pharmacies to keep track of patients' medication and eating habits. The team came up with the app after two non-profits presented their problems concerning the fight against childhood obesity. Khorram and his team won the hackathon's grand prize, receiving iPads and job offers at JPMorgan Chase.
"I'm inspired to build things that help other people's lives, even if in a small way," said Khorram.
Khorram applies to compete at several hackathons every year. When he is accepted, the hackathon either pays for his flight to the venue in advance or reimburses him after the event.
He rarely needs a hotel.
"We just don't sleep the whole weekend of the hackathon," he said.
Khorram works at his computer.
Many hackathon participants drink copious amounts of coffee or energy drinks to keep going for 48 hours or more without sleep, Khorram said. Hackathons generally provide three meals a day and keep snacks and drinks available. Some even organize social activities for participants, such as sight-seeing or jogging.
Khorram believes hackathons are a great springboard for internships and software engineering jobs because they share a lot of the same networking elements.
"You're working to build useful code from scratch in 24 to 48 hours," said Khorram, adding that hackathons helped him learn how to be collaborative and work in a team environment.
"I almost always keep in touch with people I meet at hackathons," said Khorram. "That's how future collaboration happens."
CrimsonCode Hackathon
WSU will host the CrimsonCode Hackathon on March 3-4. Teams of four or fewer students from any academic discipline are invited to register now. Interested participants are encouraged to send questions to Dr. Howard Davis.
Kaveh Khorram
« New Directions
Compassionate Spaces »


Leave no tactic behind! Watch the latest Digital Junto to see Taylor break down the best ways to prepare for one of the biggest ecommerce days of the year.
The post How To Maximize Your Black Friday/Cyber Monday Sales | Digital Junto #19 appeared first on Common Thread Collective.


text:
Port Adelaide's problems finding the perfect guernsey continue in 2017
December 11, 2016 Christopher Chrysostomou AFL One comment
The AFL is a great sport that truly captures the heart's of Australian sport fanatics.
But like all sports there are areas of the AFL that can cause debate.
Holding the ball, head high contact, the Match Review Panel and drugs are all issues debated by fans and the media.
But one issue that is never raised and irritates me most in AFL are the team guernsey's.
Guernsey's were designed to set teams apart and make it easier for fans and players to recognise their teammates.
However, in the past few years manufacturers have designed guernsey's that do not resemble the traditional appearance's of teams and have resulted is clashes with opposition guernsey's.
One of the major culprits of this trend is Port Adelaide.
Ten years ago Port Adelaide never had a clash issue with Adelaide, Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Fremantle, Melbourne, Richmond and St Kilda.
However with the decision to convert to an all black strip with a teal and white 'V' has led to a clash with numerous teams and created an unprecedented issue heading in the 2014 Elimination final against Richmond.
Previous Port Adelaide guernsey's
The week leading to the game focused on the AFL's decision to force Port Adelaide to wear their white away jersey for the final even though the game was played in Adelaide.
Port were angered by the decision and decided to wear the traditional Port Adelaide SANFL guernsey.
Though Port looked wonderful in the traditional jersey, there would never have been a need to revert from their AFL home jumper if they added a white patch at the back of their guernsey.
Not only would a patch break up the bland black texture of the jumper, it would also keep in tradition with past Port Adelaide jumpers, which have always had a white patch.
For the 2017 season, Port Adelaide will wear a white patch at the back of their home guernsey's but though this is a significant improvement, the Port Adelaide jersey is still bland for a club, which seeks to uphold it's tradition, whilst progressing with the modern game.
In an ideal world the Power would be wearing their traditional black and white 'prison bar' guernsey that made them one of the most recognisable football clubs in Australia.
But with Collingwood holding the rights to the black and white in the AFL, the chances of the Power ever wearing the two shades is as slim as seeing the Loch Ness Monster.
Though the Power may never be able to wear black and white, it does not mean they can never revert to the 'prison bar' guernsey.
After watching the elimination final in 2014 I set out to design a modern version of the 'prison bar' strip, which would capture the history of Port Adelaide, without clashing with Collingwood or any other team in the competition.
The design I have created is the same as the traditional 'prison bar', but instead of being black and white, it is now predominately teal and black with a white patch.
New Port Adelaide home guernsey designed by Sportdot
As well as being used for the home jumper, the 'prion bar' template can be used for a clash strip, with the all black base of the strip reworked to be either white or teal and the striped styled to be black.
Alternative away strips designed by Sportdot
The 'prison bar' guernsey is one of the most unique jumpers in Australian football and it is a great shame that it is not used in the AFL.
But with a little use of imagination, Port Adelaide could once again don the 'prison bar' jumper.
AFLChristopher ChrysostomouPort Adelaide
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