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Shouldn't LGPL v3.0 provide exception to section 5 (instead of section 3) of GPL v3.0?
Taken from section 1 LGPL v3.0 (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.en.html):
You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
Section 3 of GPL v3.0 (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html) states:
Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.
Shouldn't section 1 of LGPL v3.0 provide exception to section 5 of GPL v3.0 instead? Section 5 of GPL speaks about conveying modified source versions, which is what is covered by sections 3 and 4 of LGPL v3.0
gpl-3
Dalibor FrivaldskyDalibor Frivaldsky
Looking at LGPL and GPL version 2, it's pretty clear that the reference to paragraph 3 should have been updated; it seems to be a simple update-fail.
– Glenn Randers-Pehrson
It seems so, but L/GPL v3.0 is dated to 29 June 2007. Two questions pup-up out of this fact - 1) is it really a mistake that no one has noticed so far? 2) What about all the software that was distributed under LGPL v3.0 to this date? Those distributions were with the (possibly) faulty reference and it could have some unwanted (understatement) consequences.
– Dalibor Frivaldsky
@GlennRanders-Pehrson Considering that an earlier draft of the LGPLv3 explicitly said "without being bound by the second paragraph of section 3 of the GNU GPL" which doesn't really make sense for section 5 for either GPLv2 or v3, since that paragraph merely clarifies that the GPL does not apply copyleft terms to works merely in aggregate (rather than in combination) with the GPL work. I think this really is meant to loosen the DRM provisions in GPLv3 sect. 3, but I don't understand the significance or rationale of their exclusion.
– apsillers ♦
My understanding of the current language is that, under LGPL v3.0, I may convey covered work under sections 3 and 4 and not be bound by section 3 of GPL v3.0, but I'm still bound by section 5 of GPL v3.0 and I thus must license the entire work under GPL v3.0.
I'm not a lawyer, and I was not involved in drafting any GPL license, but below is my common-sense reading of the licenses, starting from an assumption they are legally sound.
Shouldn't section 1 of LGPL v3.0 provide exception to section 5 of GPL v3.0 instead?
Short answer: No, because section 5 contains a permission, not a requirement. The permission has requirements, but to eliminate section 5 would be to eliminate the permission altogether. By contrast, section 3 is entirely a requirement, which as a special exception does not apply while you exercise your permissions to combine and share the library under LGPLv3 sections 3 and 4.
The GPL contains a set of permissions. The LGPLv3 is a set of additional permissions on top of those present in the GPLv3. You assume that the more lax LGPL would need to limit the restrictions present within the permission to convey modified versions in GPLv3 section 5, but this is not the case. Instead, the LGPLv3 simply adds a new permission to share modified versions that stands alongside the more limited permission in the GPLv3.
That is, an LGPLv3-licensed work includes permissions such as
If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified version:
a) under this License...
And it also includes (i.e., inherits from the GPLv3) the completely separate permission
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy...
If you want to distribute the work, you choose which permission you'd like to exercise: you are free to choose to exercise a more limited GPL-supplied permission, or you may instead do so under a more lax LGPL-supplied permission, if your distribution meets the LGPL's preconditions.
To highlight another issue with your interpretation (as far as I understand it), LGPLv3 section 1 only applies to sections 3 and 4 of the LGPL. It does not apply to section 2, which would also need to have the requirements of the GPLv3 held back, if your interpretation were correct that GPLv3 requirements always apply to redistribution unless the LGPL explicitly exempts them.
Instead, LGPLv3 section 1 really does seem to eliminate the requirements of section 3. That is, downstream redistributors who share the library in the ways allowed by LGPL sections 3 and 4 may assert that their work is subject to effective technological measures -- i.e., if your software uses an LGPL licensed library, you may still take legal action against users who circumvent DRM in your software, if such circumvention violates laws against DRM-circumvention. Without this permission, section 3 would bar you from taking such legal action.
apsillers♦apsillers
I think @apsillers' general conclusion is correct - that one does not have to license the entire work under GPL v3.0 - but I have a bit different understanding as to why. After reading through the licenses again, to my understanding, there is no language in the licenses that would allow one to "choose a permission" to apply. Following the text of the licenses:
Both licenses begin by some definitions. From GPL v3.0:
From LGPL v3.0:
"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided by the Library.
A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked Version".
Surely, work that meets the definition of a Combined Work (LGPL) also meets the definition of a covered work (GPL). In other words, all works meeting the definition of a covered work (GPL) form a (strict) superset of all works meeting the definition of a Combined Work (LGPL). Section 5 of GPL v3.0 gives one a permission to convey a covered work (and thus any Combined Work), but with some restrictions - one of them being the requirement to license the entire work under GPL v3.0.
However, if the Program one's work is based on is licensed under LGPL v3.0 and the entire work also meets the more restrictive definition of a Combined Work (LGPL), one can convey such work (taken from section 4 of LGPL v3.0)
under terms of your choice
This is what overrides the restriction of point c), section 5 of GPL v3.0 (requirement to license the entire work under GPL v3.0).
So to answer my original question and correct my initial understanding of the language:
No, LGPL v3.0 should not provide an exception to section 5 of GPL v3.0
No, one does not have to license the entire Combined Work (LGPL) under GPL v3.0 due to section 5 of GPL v3.0 upon conveying
This seems right totally correct to me (+1; I would fully support a self-accept here), but also not at all incompatible with my answer -- my view was that it must either be that case that you can "choose a permission" or else be bound by the union of all restrictions attached to all permissions that could apply to what you want to do. In your explanation here, you explain that a Combined Work must also be a covered work, but you're choosing to employ the permission in LGPL sect. 4 rather than the permission in GPL sect 5, right? Or am I subtly misreading your answer?
I would say yes and no. Both GPL and LGPL give you the permission to convey "covered work" and "Combined Work". So when you choose to convey your work, restrictions in both of them apply at the same time. So you are still required to do a), b) and d) of section 5 of GPL, but the very first sentence of section 4 of LGPL allow you to override c) of section 5 of GPL and choose any terms for the entire work. If you could choose to employ just one of the permission, you would not have to, for example, give prominent notices of any modifications ( a) of sec. 5 GPL), which doesn't sound right
Section 5 of the GPL definitely does not apply (or, precisely, is not required to apply) if you prepare a Combined Work -- it would be factually incorrect, for example, to do 5(b) and state that the whole modified "program based on work" is under "this license" when it may well not be. Per LGPL sect. 4, only the Library itself must be under the LGPL and the Application component may be licensed in any way you please. I don't see how 5(b) could sensibly apply to an LGPL Combinded Work. (This is in support of my larger point: no items in GPL sect 5 are necessary when using LGPL sect 4.)
Also, LGPL section 4 already includes similar requirements to GPL section 5 (like prominent notices) but they are appropriately tuned for an LGPL-library attached to an Application work, licensed in any arbitrary way. Your intuition is correct that not having to show prominent notices doesn't sound right, but the permissions in the LGPL supply their own requirements for such notices, instead of somehow extracting those requirements from a different permission in the GPL.
Ah, yes, sorry, so then sec. 4 LGPL would override both b) and c) of sec 5 GPL. Imagine a scenario where an LGPL-licensed library is part of a source code of a larger work, and this whole work gets compiled into an executable (so no suitable shared-library mechanism). Under LGPL, you can still convey the entire work under any terms, but you must provide the source code of the library and object code of all the translation units of the application (but not its source - d of sec. 4 LGPL).
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Liberal's increasing funding for women's health worldwide; Prime Minister Trudeau says carbon tax will help deal with climate
Casey Kenny, staff Tuesday, Jun. 4th, 2019
Liberal government increasing funding for women's health worldwide
The Liberal government will increase funding for women's health worldwide to $1.4-billion every year starting in 2023, with half of this money dedicated to sexual and reproductive health rights.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau made the funding commitment at a major global conference on gender equality. He says Canada will step up and invest in respecting women's rights while other countries are stepping back and playing politics with the issue.
Prime Minister Trudeau says carbon tax will help deal with extreme weather
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau says the federal carbon tax will help deal with extreme weather events such as fires in northern Alberta.
Trudeau says Canadians are seeing the impact of climate change with the increase in wildfires in Western Canada, recent tornadoes in Ottawa and flooding across the country this spring. He says extreme weather events are "extraordinarily expensive" and the government has to take real action to fight climate change.
Trial of Huawei executive to resume in Vancouver
The case of Huawei senior executive Meng Wanzhou will return to a Vancouver courtroom this week.
Canada's relationship with Beijing has deteriorated rapidly since the December arrest of the Chinese telecom giant's chief financial officer at the request of the United States.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Phnom Penh Post - Big Bad Wolf Book Fair to open doors to accessible reading
Big Bad Wolf Book Fair to open doors to accessible reading
Voun Dara | Publication date 09 January 2020 | 22:37 ICT
The Big Bad Wolf Book Sale has come knocking on Cambodia's doors after its launch on Thursday at the capital's Borey Rung Reung Market. Heng Chivoan
Thu, 9 January 2020
Voun Dara
The Big Bad Wolf Book Sale has come knocking on Cambodia's doors after its launch on Thursday at the capital's Borey Rung Reung Market.
The sale offers more than one million brand new English books with between 50 and 90 per cent discounts on the recommended retail price.
The book fair has pledged to donate 500 books to libraries and encouraged readers to contribute as well to accommodate the underprivileged.
The initiative was said to be motivated by the organisation's mission to make reading accessible to everyone regardless of socio-economic status.
In a press release on Thursday, the organisers said they would collaborate with the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport's central libraries through the corporate social responsibility arm, Red Readerhood, to donate books to the needy.
"Visitors are encouraged to donate books at the Red Readerhood corner, which will be located at the cashier counter of the book fair.
"To kick-start the Red Readerhood initiative in Phnom Penh, the book fair has pledged to donate 500 books, on top of donations collected throughout the sale," the press release said.
The book fair's spokesperson, Ouk Chandara, said bringing English-language books to students in non-native English speaking countries would help increase the readers' comprehension of the language.
"The book fair will help Cambodian society, too. We call on the public, especially youths, to come and buy books. They can even donate a book through Red Readerhood, which will send them to the Hun Sen Library and Scholar Library in Phnom Penh," he said.
Some 50,000 people are expected to visit the fair, which will run from January 9-20, Chandara said.
Scholar Library co-founder Sok Lak considered the book fair to be a rare opportunity for avid readers.
"The books are sold at the lowest prices, compared to the retail price at national and international markets. This provides an opportunity for less able readers to get books of premium quality," Lak said.
He expressed hope that the fair would reach the provinces to truly jumpstart the reading culture in the Kingdom.
The Big Bad Wolf Book Sale offers a multitude of books in all genres, including fiction, non-fiction, graphic novels, architecture and design.
Contact author: Voun Dara
Kanharith: Kingdom's bookworms rapidly growing in numbers
Book fair scheduled to kick off in Cambodia early next year
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Minister of Education, Youth and Sport: Book printing is on the rise
Hun Sen to distribute books at fair


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We are Greg Hill & Associates. If you or a family member want to learn more about certificates of rehabilitations, we can help you.
You or a loved one may have been advised that the only way to regain the right to own a firearm or be relieved of the obligation to register as a sex offender is to have a certificate of rehabilitation under Penal Code § 4852 granted.
This very common advice is only half right. A certificate of rehabilitation, signed by a judge, does relieve one of the obligation to register as a sex offender (as provided by Penal Code § 290.5(a)), but it does not by itself, restore the right to possess a firearm.
A signed certificate of rehabilitation, however, does make one automatically eligible for a Governor's pardon with federal approval, which is the only way to truly restore the right to own, possess or purchase a firearm (except for those convictions involving a felony involving the use of a dangerous weapon according to Penal Code § 4854).
A signed certificate of rehabilitation also benefits one seeking state licensing for professions such as real estate broker, certified public accountant, etc. (see Penal Code § 4853).
The signed certificate of rehabilitation also serves as an official document to demonstrate a person's rehabilitation, which could enhance employment opportunities. It allows an ex-felon to serve on a jury and allows certain ex-felons to be considered for appointment as a county probation officer or state parole agent.
A certificate of rehabilitation does not erase the felony conviction or seal the criminal record (Penal Code § 4852.17). It also does not prevent a prosecutor from considering the offense at issue as a prior conviction if the person is later convicted of another offense. It also does not allow, like expungement does in general, to a person to answer "no" on an employment application asking if he or she has a criminal record. It also does not restore the right to vote.
What exactly is a certificate of rehabilitation? It is a judge's finding (a certification) that someone has become an honest and upstanding member of community, who obeys all laws, but who previously was: 1) convicted of a felony, sentenced to state prison and served time in state prison or county jail under AB109; or 2) someone who was convicted of a felony, but had the conviction expunged, or 3) someone who was convicted of a misdemeanor sex offense requiring registration under Penal Code § 290 and the conviction was expunged.
Torrance Superior Courthouse
Not everyone is eligible for a certificate of rehabilitation. One cannot be on probation or parole when applying and depending upon the conviction, one must present satisfactory evidence of residence in California for five years plus additional time for certain offenses (i.e. four more years for murder, aggravated kidnapping, train wrecking, assault likely to cause great bodily injury, acts involving explosive devices, or other offenses involving a life sentence and certain child pornography crimes, as well as certain indecent exposure crimes).
However, one is not eligible for a certificate of rehabilitation if one is in the military or on mandatory life parole. Also someone is ineligible if he or she went back to prison after the conviction at issue. Other crimes that are ineligible for a certificate of rehabilitation are:
Penal Code § 286(c) – Sodomy with a a person who is a minor 14 years of age of older against the victim's will by means of force, violence, duress, menace or fear of injury;
Penal Code § 288 – Lewd or lascivious act;
Penal Code § 288a(c)– Oral copulation with a minor 14 years old or older when the act is accomplished by force, violence, duress, menace or fear of injury;
Penal Code § 288.5 – Continuous sexual abuse of a child;
Penal Code § 289(j) – Forcible sexual penetration of a person under age 14 by a person ten years or more older;
Penal Code §§ 207, 207(b) or 208(d) - Kidnapping with the intent to commit rape, sodomy, lewd acts with a minor, oral copulation, or sexual penetration with an object;
Penal Code §§ 220(a), 220(b), 220/261, 220/261(b) - Assault with intent to commit a sex crime;
Penal Code § 243.4 - Felony sexual battery;
Penal Code §§ 261(h) or 266(i) - Felony pimping (261(h)) or pandering (266(i));
Penal Code § 236.1 - Human trafficking of a child;
Penal Code § 288.7(a) or (b) - Sexual act with a child under ten; or
Penal Code § 647.6 - Annoying or molesting a child under 18.
In Los Angeles County, all such applications are filed in the downtown Clara Shortridge Foltz (CCB) courthouse, not the courthouse within Los Angeles County where the conviction took place (unless it was CCB).
If you or a family member would like to learn more about certificates of rehabilitation, please call us today for a free 45 minute consultation. You will receive top quality representation for a reasonable fee. (310) 782-2500.
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text:
"The books became an addiction for Diego and Bernardo; they read them so often that they could recite them by heart. The world they lived in grew very small, and they began to dream of countries and adventures beyond
the horizon."
— Zorro, Allende
In 1919, Johnston McCulley first introduced the world to Zorro in his weekly serial, The Curse of Capistrano. Since then, there have been many book and movie adaptations, but I prefer Allende's treatment of the subject matter most. In Zorro, she draws the origin story of 'The Fox', a masked avenger dedicated to fighting the corrupt Catholic church and politicians in Old California. But for most of her story, Zorro is a hero-becoming; Diego de la Vega, the son of a conservative-minded aristocrat, who sets out on a journey to become his own person and live his own life.
Diego's independent spirit leads him to befriending Bernardo, a Native American boy, insisting against his parents' and priest's prejudice so that Bernardo be allowed to come to Sunday Mass, sit at his father's dinner table, and join Diego as a schoolmate at Padre Mendoza's mission. The friends grow up as close as brothers, continuing to press back the adult-enforced boundaries and expand their world, not just on race relations, and other moral issues.
Bernardo's grandmother White Owl gives them moral instruction in the labyrinth of caves on her tribe's five sacred virtues: honor, justice, respect, dignity, and courage. These act as a North Star for both the young men throughout the rest of the novel. And later, "Captain Jose Diaz, a pirate tasked with giving the boys passage to Spain, shows them that there are "many ways to think," with his "Renaissance mentality" that "doubted nearly everything that formed the intellectual and moral world of [Deigo's father], Padre Mendoza, and Diego's schoolmaster."
First off, I loved Allende's command of language. Her descriptions of the settings — towns, ships, haciendas, forests, palaces — her ability to quickly show and tell the thoughts and feelings of the two boys, the main love interest, Julianna, and minor characters is remarkable. Choosing only ten favorite quotes and passages below was extremely difficult.
But really, the romantic coming-of-age story of a hero — one told with so much panache and exuberance was pure escapist fun for me. If you want to get lost for an afternoon or two and feel like a kid again, read Zorro. Long live the Fox! {JG}
{ * } "A man with good hair has a head start in this life." (180)
{ * } "Diego's words fell like a healing balm on his bruised spirit." (371)
{ * } "Halfway to town they came across the de la Vega hacienda. The large adobe house, with its red roof tiles, and purple bougainvillea creeping up the walls, its orange grove, its unmistakable air of prosperity and pace, was irresistible..."
{ * } "...[children] have no power; adults decide for them, and they do it badly; they drive home into their little ones their own mistaken ideas about reality and then their offspring spend the rest of their lives trying to break free from those beliefs." (93)
{ * } "The most revealing thing to Diego, who was accustomed to absolute truths, was that this man with a Renaissance mentality doubted nearly everything that formed the intellectual and moral world of Alejandro de la Vega, Padre Mendoza, and Diego's schoolmaster...He was amazed to discover there were many ways to think." (105)
{ * } "Julianna's younger sister made fun of her books, but did not miss a word, and Nuria sobbed uncontrollably. The girls explained to her that none of these things had really happened, that they were only the lies of the author, but she didn't believe them. The unhappiness of the characters caused her such distress that the girls changed the plots of the novels so as not to sour her on life." (127)
{ * } "[Diego] missed the open spaces of his early years, but he also liked the patina of centuries: the narrow streets, the stone buildings, the dark churches that reminded him of Padre Mendoza's faith." (145)
{ * } "I would swear that as soon as he jumps from the balcony to terra firma, he forgets the lady he was embracing only moments before. He himself does not know how many times he has fought a duel with a vindictive husband or offended father, but I have kept count — not for reasons of envy or jealousy, but because of my thoroughness as a chronicler. Diego remembers only women who tortured him with their indifference — like the incomparable Julianna." (168)
{ * } "Bride? He laughed aloud. He would never marry — foxes are solitary animals." (376)
{ * } "She went down to the ocean to swim with the dolphins that came long distances to mate near the beach." (29)
Isabel Allende is a Chilean-American author, whose first novel House of the Spirits written in 1982 brought her initial success. I really enjoyed her TED Talk from a few years ago titled Tales of Passion, where she explores the role that stories can have to affect us for the better. If you've read any of her books and have a recommendation, let me know.
{ * } Zorro: The Complete Pulp Adventures {My Rec}
{ * } Cyrano de Bergerac by Edmond Rostand {My Rec}
{ * } Ninety-Three by Victor Hugo {My Rec}
{ * } The Best Books I Read In 2016
"[Diego de la Vega] had a thousand different things on his mind,
the main one being contemplation of Julianna." (117)


Hospet, officially renamed as Hospete, is also known as Nagalapura. It is a heritage city in the Indian state of Karnataka. The city has flourished on the banks of the Thungabadra. Hospet was built by Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagar Dynasty in 1520 AD in the memory of his mother, Nagalambika. The people here are employed majorly in the cultivation of Ragi and other crops as agriculture is the main source of economy of this city. The administrative infrastructure of the city is done through its division into 23 wards that are serviced by elected representatives. Hospete has many educational institutions like Hampi University besides several other schools and colleges. Hospete is the gateway to Hampi, the famous UNESCO World Heritage site. Hospete is well-known as a tourist destination for its innumerable temples, forts and picturesque views which attract visitors from India and abroad. The Hampi Stone Chariot, Nandanavana Park, Virupaksha Temple, Shri Ramulu Park, Chakra Vana, Queens Bath, the Tungabhadra dam, etc. are places worth visiting in Hospet.


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No matter the reason for your air conditioner's malfunction, our Carrier authorized service and repair specialists will get your system back up and running smoothly and performing at its highest efficiency in a timely manner. We have extensive knowledge of all major air conditioning brands and will thoroughly inspect your existing system to understand the unique details and situation of your home and its air conditioning system. Our skilled, comprehensive repairs and service will save you money on energy costs, prevent future problems, and extend the life of your air conditioner. As a full service Carrier dealer, we can also provide all services and repairs under warranty using Carrier factory authorized parts.
I will highly recommend Alicia Air to the rest of my family, friends and anyone looking for an honest and fair heating/air conditioning contractor. One that delivers great service and products. Your reputation in the industry . . .


Without a major statewide race this year, the political focus in reliably blue Massachusetts is on the state's four ballot questions.
With Election Day just two weeks away and early voting in the state already begun, recently disclosed campaign finance filings provided the latest update on who is funding the campaigns for and against the four referendums. The mid-October reports, which were filed late last week, also shed light on which activists have a financial advantage.
It remains to be seen whether these millions — much of which pay for media and advertising — will be money well-spent.
This contentious question to raise the state cap on public charter schools has split Democrats and spilled over into legislative races. Currently, Massachusetts imposes a ceiling of 120 charter schools in the state. A "yes" vote on Question 2 would allow the state to approve 12 additional charter schools each year, while a "no" vote would keep the cap at 120.
The referendum has also attracted by far the most spending of any of the four questions in the state.
Charter school advocates lead opponents in spending on the measure, if not in polls, by a measure of two to one. The top backer is a group called Great Schools Massachusetts, which has spent more than $15 million since the start of 2016.
The latest filings show the large majority—about $13.5 million—of Great Schools Massachusetts's funding has come from a New York-based nonprofit called Families for Excellent Schools, which does not disclose its funders. WBUR and WGBH have both recently reported on the group's history and backers.
A group called Save Our Public Schools has spearheaded the campaign against Question 2 to the tune of more than $9 million, including more than $3 million in the first half of October. According to public filings, nearly $6 million of the group's funding has come from the Massachusetts Teachers Association. The National Teachers Association has also donated another $5.4 million to Save Our Public Schools, which reported Friday that it had more than $3.2 million left to potentially spend.
Massachusetts will also vote this November on whether to become the fifth state to legalize recreational marijuana for adults (though the Bay State is hardly the only one; Arizona, California, Maine, and Nevada are also considering similar referendums this year).
A "yes" vote on Question 4 would legalize limited "possession, use, distribution, and cultivation" of marijuana for those 21 or older. Additionally, it would have the state create a commission to regulate and tax the recreational marijuana industry. A "no" vote, however, would dictate no change in Massachusetts, where the drug is decriminalized and legal for some medicinal purposes.
Supporters of Question 4 have been burning through money like it's a joint, even if not to the same degree as their Question 2 peers.
The main campaign supporting the initiative, YES on 4, has received $4.3 million of the more than $5 million raised from a Washington, D.C.-based pro-marijuana reform group called New Approach PAC. As The Boston Globe reported last month, the out-of-state group is led by attorney Graham Boyd.
"We think we can do a better job of controlling the harms of marijuana through a regulated system, rather than through the use of arrests and prisons," Boyd told the Globe of his motives.
While being significantly over-spent by the other side, the six-figure sum spent by Question 4 opponents does not completely underscore anti-pot activists' spending capacity heading into the final weeks of the campaign.
Buoyed by a recent $1 million contribution by casino mogul and conservative mega-donor Sheldon Adelson, Campaign for a Safe and Healthy Massachusetts, the biggest spenders against Question 4, reported last week that they had $1.5 million in cash to spend.
As the Globe recently reported, Campaign for a Safe and Healthy Massachusetts also has received significant donations from Massachusetts's alcohol industry.
A "yes" vote on Question, perhaps Massachusetts's least active ballot question campaign, would allow the Gaming Commission to issue a second slots parlor license in the state.
Currently, state laws only allow a maximum of one slots parlor (one of which is located in Plainville's Plainridge Park Casino). However, Eugene McCain, a Thailand-based real estate developer with Massachusetts ties, wants to open a second slots parlor near Suffolk Downs in Revere and was able to get the question on the ballot.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the No. 1 spender on Question 1 is a group organized by McCain himself, called the Horse Racing Jobs and Education Committee. Of the more than $1 million raised and spent by the group in 2016, nearly all of it has come from a Delaware-based company, Capital Productions LLC, which has donated more than $940,000 this October. McCain has contributed $450 to the campaign.
According to the campaign's mid-October filing, Horse Racing Jobs and Education Committee most recently spent $445,625 on TV advertising on October 12, the same day it received a donation of that exact amount from Capital Productions.
The measly spending by opponents of Question 1 illustrates the steep odds the initiative faces to actually pass. With just $5,200 cash on hand, the Committee for Sustainable and Responsible Economic Development, the only publicly-registered group "campaigning" against Question 1, has spent just $50 in total against the question. That amount didn't even require itemization in its recent filing.
Given Questions 1's performance in the polls and a recent vote by Revere residents to reject a new gambling facility in their city, $50 may prove to be money unnecessarily spent.
Question 3 asks voters whether Massachusetts should ban the sale and production of produce, in which the animals (pigs, calves, egg-laying hens) are confined in a way that prevents them from lying, standing, or moving around freely. As WBUR has reported, the proposal is primarily focused on requiring cage-free eggs and banning the use of "gestation crates" for pigs. A "yes" vote on Question 3, which looks likely, would phase out such animal confinement practices by 2022.
The spending by the main group supporting Question 3, Citizens for Farm Animal Protection, illustrates the question's favorable odds heading into voting. Though they have raised over $2.3 million—of which more than 90 percent has been contributed by the Humane Society—the group has spent less than a quarter of that total. Since the beginning of October, the group has spent only $41,626—most of which has been payroll and operating costs, rather than any form of advertising efforts.
On the other side of the cage-free question, a newly-formed group called Citizens Against Food Tax Injustice has raised nearly $300,000 against the measure since late-September. Nearly two-thirds of that money has been contributed by Forrest Lucas, the president of Lucas Oil, an Indiana-based automotive oil company. Lucas is also the founder of Protect the Harvest, an advocacy group which argues Question 3 would raise the price of produce and disproportionately affect the poor.
Citizens Against Food Tax Injustice also received a $100,000 donation this October from the National Pork Producers Council, the country's largest pork lobby.
Of the more than $237,000 spent by the group, nearly $200,000 went to a recent cable advertising buy.


This 90 minute audio webinar is intended to provide foundational knowledge of the role of an attorney for a child in a juvenile dependency case and is designed to provide guidance to attorneys and other dependency system stakeholders. After a brief introduction, the attorney panelists analyze hypothetical situations and the applicability of the Oregon Rules of Professional Conduct and Oregon State Bar Performance Standards for Lawyers Representing Children.
View the recording and materials for this presentation (located in the "Representing Children in Juvenile Court" pleat).


With 117.5 kilometers (73 miles) of routes in operation, the Santiago Metro is the largest rapid transit system in South America, the second largest in Latin America after Mexico City, and the sixth-most-extensive in the Western Hemisphere. With the recent announcement of two more new lines and an extension of a third, all set for completion in 2026, the system will nearly double in size to 215 km (133.6 miles), making it the third-largest in the hemisphere (assuming no major additions are made to the three systems it will pass).
Line 8, a 20-kilometer (12.4-mile) route that will connect the southeastern suburbs of La Florida and Puente Alto with the city's new commercial hub where the cities of Providencia, Las Condes and Vitacura meet. This line will also relieve overcrowding on Line 4, which runs in roughly the same corridor.
Line 9, which will run for roughly 17 kilometers (10.6 miles) from La Pintana, a low-income southern suburb, to the historic city center and an interchange with Line 1 at Santa Lucia.
In addition, Line 4 will get a three-station, four kilometer (2.5 mile) extension.
These additions will join Line 3, which is set to open next year, and the previously announced Line 7, a 24.8 kilometer (15.4 mile) east-west line announced last year and also slated for completion in 2026. The new extensions meet both of the goals a series of Chilean governments have set for metro expansions in the capital: relief of overcrowding on existing lines and extension of services to underprivileged neighborhoods.
Leave it to the French to turn a streetcar into an object of fashion. Well, maybe "style" is a better word to use here than "fashion," because it's highly unlikely that Alstom will bring its newest Citadis X05 trams back to the shop to re-accessorize them once they're in service.
Still, as the design and fashion publication Wallpaper reports, these new candy-apple-red X05s will be the first trams anywhere to bear the name of a designer alongside that of a manufacturer.
The honor goes to French designer Ora ïto (né Ito Morabito), who grew up in Nice. The designer's logo will appear next to Alstom's on the trams that will operate on Nice's new Line 2.
"To have an entire line in the city where you grew up is very special," ïto told Wallpaper. That honor will be repeated when Line 3, which will also use his trams, opens in 2019. The cars on that line will be yellow. In between these two, Sydney will also get ïto-designed Alstom trams next year.
We thought that the last time Clay Chastain suffered defeat at the hands of the Kansas City electorate was the last time for the Don Quixote of rail transit in the Heart of America. So did City Hall.
KMBC 9 reports that Chastain has returned with one more proposal — the last one, he says — for a comprehensive light rail transit system for his former hometown, spurred by the popularity of the downtown streetcar.
If past performance is any guide to future prospects, Chastain will lose. City voters rejected his last plan, and at the same election they set in motion a plan to expand the taxing district for the streetcar in order to extend it to the Country Club Plaza and the University of Missouri-Kansas City campus. Since that election, they also passed a measure that would forbid the city from spending any of its own money on any rail transit project without first obtaining the approval of voters citywide in a referendum.
In the two days before the report appeared, Chastain had collected 400 of the 1,700 signatures he will need to put his new plan on the ballot.


As always, Galera Cluster is now available as targeted packages and package repositories for a number of Linux distributions, including Ubuntu, Red Hat, Debian, CentOS, OpenSUSE and SLES, as well as FreeBSD. Obtaining packages using a package repository removes the need to download individual files and facilitates the easy deployment and upgrade of Galera Cluster nodes.
This release incorporates all changes up to MySQL 5.7.24, MySQL 5.6.42 and MySQL 5.5.62.
Codership is pleased to announce the release of Galera Replication library 3.24, implementing wsrep API version 25. The new release includes improved deadlock error management with foreign keys and security fixes. As always, Galera Cluster is now available as targeted packages and package repositories for a number of Linux distributions, including Ubuntu, Red Hat, Debian, CentOS, OpenSUSE and SLES, as well as FreeBSD. Obtaining packages using a package repository removes the need to download individual files and facilitates the easy deployment and upgrade of Galera Cluster nodes.
This release incorporates all changes up to MySQL 5.7.23, MySQL 5.6.41 and MySQL 5.5.61.
Galera Cluster is the leading high availability solution for MySQL and MariaDB. We are always looking for bright and driven people who have a passion for technology, especially for database replication and clustering. If you are interested in challenging work, being part of a innovative team and world's leading MySQL clustering company-then Codership is right place for you! This is a remote job.
Galera Cluster is the most used high availability solution for OpenStack components and datastore for the third year in the row according to recent OpenStack survey. Since last year the deployments of all Galera Cluster have increased 5 points. 39% of the OpenStack users report that they use Galera Cluster in production. The number includes MariaDB Galera Cluster, Galera Cluster for MySQL and Percona XtraDB Cluster. MariaDB Galera Cluster ranks now number one database solution before MariaDB, MySQL and MongoDB.
Last year Codership produced a lot of valuable content to help Galera users to get started with Galera and manage Galera. We have gathered the resources to our website.
Taking Full Advantage of Galera Multi-Master replication video can be watched here.
We have now uploaded Slideshare with many new presentations. Check them out!
The best source of multi-master Galera Cluster help, Galera Cluster documentation, is being updated constantly.
Helsinki, Finland & London, UK – January 9th 2017 – Codership, whose Galera Cluster technology brings high availability (HA) and scalability to open source databases worldwide, has seen its technology break the one million download barrier. Codership's customer roster has grown over 100 percent thanks to the adoption of OpenStack by enterprises and the recent strategic partnership with MariaDB.
Galera has been recognised as the most widely used OpenStack High Availability technology for the second year in a row. According to the OpenStack Survey 2016, one-third of users rely on Galera Clusters running on MariaDB and MySQL.


I'll be continually adding concepts here, while also letting everyone add their own. If I make any concepts that are similar/identical to yours, it's most likely a coincidence, and I send my apologies.
•Basic Attack: Lumiere throws a dash of flame from his hand at an enemy.
•White, Candlelit Dinner: Lumiere puts his candles in front of his mouth and blows on it, showering the frontline enemies with flames. This deals X damage and causes fire damage over six seconds. Normal Damage.
•Green, Enchanted Light: Lumiere brightens the flames on his head and hands, removing debuffs from nearby allies.
•Blue, Ask the Dishes: A group of enchanted plates, forks, and knives runs across the battlefield, damaging all enemies. This attack does 15% more damage for every 10% health the enemy is missing. Normal Damage.
•Purple, Be Our Guest: Lumiere's Green and Blue Skills, as well as his basic attacks, heal his weakest ally for 10% of their Max HP. Has a chance to fail on allies above level X.
•Entrance: Lumiere hops onto the frontlines, rubbing his candles together as if excited for the battle.
•Victory: Lumiere spins and throws his candles up, cheering.
•KO: The flames on Lumiere's candles suddenly extinguish, leaving Lumiere with a sad look as he hangs his head.
-Minor Bonus: +X Max HP, +Y Health Gain when ally uses their white skill.
-Disk Ability: Gains More Resources. Lumiere gains 50 energy whenever an ally uses their white skill. +50 energy per star.
-Description: Mickey is troubled to see various heroes tired and borderline depressed on account of constant battling the creeps. Meeting Lumiere, the two put together their flashy entertaining abilities to put on a show for their allies and raise morale.
-Minor Bonus: +X Basic Damage.
-Disk Ability: White Skill Freezes. "Candlelit Dinner" has a 50% chance to freeze enemies for 2 seconds. After freezing ends, enemies take 15% of their Max HP as True Damage when they are hit with a damaging white skill. +1 second per star.
-Description: Lumiere and Beast finish fighting off a clan of creeps in an alley. The Beast offers Lumiere to go back to "HQ" with him, but Lumiere, hoping to find some time for a walk, declines. Walking past the park, Lumiere spots Olaf being harassed by a creep. He and Olaf fight it off, Lumiere nearly melting Olaf in the process. The two go on patrol, getting to know each other while Lumiere tries not to melt him.
About to make attempt at Beast. Beast is personally one of my favorite male Disney characters, so I'll try to do him justice.
•Basic Attack: Beast slashes and roars at an enemy to attack them, similarly to how he attacks the wolves in the forest.
•White, Hear Him Roar, See Him Foam: Beast gives a terrifying, defeaning roar, scaring all enemies for eight seconds and stunning for two seconds, while also dealing X Damage. Fantastic Damage. The disables may have a chance to only apply for two seconds (Scare) and .5 second (Stun) if the enemy is above Level Y.
•Green, Charging Blow: Beast headbutts the enemy team, dealing X Damage. Fantastic.
•Blue, Brute Strength: Beast negates all damage from the next attack he receives, while gaining X Basic Damage for the rest of the wave. This attack can only occur once every seven seconds.
•Purple, Tale as Old As Time: Beast heals for 10% of his Max HP when an ally uses their white skill. Has a chance to fail if the ally is above Level Y.
°Minor Bonus: +X Max HP, +X Skill Power.
°Disk Ability: Cleanses Debuffs. Beast is invincible for the first three seconds of combat. "Charging Blow" unloads ally debuffs onto enemies. +1 seconds per star.
°Minor Bonus: +X Basic Damage.
°Disk Ability: When the Beast falls below 75%, 50%, and 25% HP Checkpoints, he grants allies a shield equal to 10% of their Max HP. +10% per star.
This was a bit difficult, not going to lie.
I vaguely remember drafting a concept for Jafar, but I did not post it on the forums. So, I think I'll fill in some of my time tonight with posting a heavily edited Jafar concept.
The former advisor to the Sultan of Agrabah, Jafar vanquishes enemies with his powerful sorcery.
Basic Attack: Jafar shares a unique ability with Jack, that being his basic attack deals Fantastic Damage. His basic also removes Reality from targets. Their Reality returns to it's original amount if Jafar is killed in battle. Jafar tases an enemy with the same red energy from his staff seen in the film.
•White, Cower Before A Sorcerer: Jafar lifts and swirls his staff (in a motion similar to Maleficent's "Forest of Thorns" skill,) and is surrounded by red mist. A larger blast of red magic strikes an enemy, dealing X damage and Cursing them for eight seconds. Jafar also gains X HP. Fantastic Damage.
•Green, Punishment Fits the Crime: Whenever any enemy gives a debuff to any of Jafar's allies, Jafar does 2% more damage to that enemy. Higher damage will not be added to enemies over Level Y.
•Blue, Just Getting Warmed Up: When Jafar reaches 33% HP, he becomes a snake and breathes fire on enemies, dealing X damage and causing burn damage over six seconds. Fantastic Damage.
•Purple, Grand Vizier: Any shields Jafar is given multiply their health 2x, and Jafar gains immunity to Stuns. Jafar cannot avoid stuns from enemies above Level Y.
°Disk Ability: "Just Getting Warmed Up" triggers infinitely. In addition to 33%, Jafar becomes a snake at 65% HP. Jafar's skill triggers again if he crosses the checkpoint again after health increases (Ex. If Jafar triggers his blue skill after being taken from 40% health to 20% health, say Miguel healed Jafar back to 100%. Jafar's skill triggers again if he crosses the 65 and 33% marks, even if they have previously triggered his skill.) +5% added to 65% per star.
°Description: Jafar meets Maleficent, as the two travel the city, while they both discuss their knowledge of dark magic and sorcery.
°Minor Bonus: +X Skill Power.
°Disk Ability: Each Control ally on Jafar's team decreases the amount of seconds that debuffs affect Jafar and his allies. Each Control ally decreases the length of disables such as stuns and charms by -.75 seconds. -.75 seconds per star.
°Description: Jafar secretly plans to lead a hidden militia of heroes, and he begins looking for a figure to serve as a field general for his group. On hearing that Gaston is a highly respected warrior and veteran, the two hold a meeting to make a deal. Afterwards, the two patrol the city, surveying the area and fighting creeps.
Just because I feel like I'm on a roll, I'm going to make a quick concept which I'm almost certain will not make it to the game. But hey, it's all fun and games.
Zeus is a backline damage hero, who leaves enemies shaking in their boots from seeing his godly abilities.
Basic Attack: Zeus throws a lightning bolt at the closest enemy, damaging them and stunning them for one second.
•White, Lightning Strike: Zeus strikes an enemy with his signature lightning bolt, dealing X damage, removing any positive effects and instantly destroying any shields equipped. Fantastic Damage.
•Green, Blinding Power: Zeus holds his lightning bolt high in the air, blinding all enemies in front of him for four seconds and raising all allies Basic Damage by X.
•Blue, Gone, Babe: Zeus summons the messenger god (I can't remember if it's Hermes or Aires in the original film. All I remember is that he has a blue color scheme, with a winged staff.) Hermes/Aires flies across the screen, stunning all enemies for three seconds and granting Zeus a 50% attack speed increase.
•Purple, Olympus Royalty: If a stunned enemy is stunned again, Zeus and his allies gain X HP.
Beasts white skill is too similar to jack skelly. It's Jack's white but longer scare and added damage. Maybe replace the stun with a silence.
I love ur Zeus. Maybe add a small splash radius to his white skill, but the splash only does the damage, not the additional effects. Also I'm not sure about stunning basic attacks, that seems pretty op as it would make it nearly impossible for a frontline enemy to get any sort of skill off.
And now, a concept for a character who is practically my number-one favorite in terms of being a goofball. Ladies and gentlemen: Kronk.
Appearance: Kronk wears his regular clothing seen in The Emperor's New Groove, only as a chef, gifting him with an apron and a toque.
Basic Attack: Kronk smacks an enemy on the head with a cooking tray.
•White, My Spinach Puffs!: Kronk tosses a tray/bowl of spinach puffs, dealing X Damage to all ememies and tosses some spinach puffs backward to his allies, healing them for Y HP. Fantastic Damage.
•Green, Cast-Iron Clash: Kronk throws his frying pan at a random enemy, dealing X Damage and stunning for three seconds. Fantastic Damage.
•Blue, Path of Righteousness: Kronk's angel and devil appear on his shoulder. If Kronk is below 50% HP, his angel plays his harp, healing Kronk for X HP. If he is above 50% HP, Kronk's devil will shoot a small fireball out of his trident, dealing splash damage to all enemies and causing burn damage over six seconds to the main target. Fantastic Damage.
•Purple, Master Chef: Kronk gains X Max HP and Y Basic Damage.
°Minor Bonus: +X Max HP and Y Shield HP.
°Disk Ability: "My Spinach Puffs!" gives allies a shield for Y HP for 10 seconds. Shield also has a 75% chance to stop debuffs. +2 seconds per star.
°Disk Ability: Basic Attack does Fantastic Damage. Any enemies that disable Kronk take 10% of their Max HP as Fantastic Damage. +5% per star.
As some of you have probably seen, I changed the name of the title of this particular post to a creativity post. So now, we technically have the freedom to get creative with characters that will most likely or cannot be added. That being said, I'm going to make a concept for a character that has already been denied, but is still one of the most iconic and sinister villains in not just Disney, but in film history itself. Ladies and gents . . . Darth Vader.
Basic Attack: Vader slashes an enemy with a swipe of his lightsaber.
•White, Power of the Dark Side: Vader raises his hand to harness the Force. A large boulder of metallic debris smashes down from the air onto the enemies, dealing X damage to all enemies and stunning them for two seconds. Stun may fail against enemies above Level Y. Fantastic Damage.
•Green, Force Choke: Vader raises his hand to strangle an enemy with the Force, stunning the enemy for five seconds and Scaring all enemies for eight seconds. Vader cannot scare enemies above Level X.
•Blue, Life Support: The first time Vader reaches 0 HP, he revives himself for X HP, and gains Y Skill Power.
•Purple, Sith Warrior: Vader enhances his combat abilities, making him deal X extra damage to stunned and Scared enemies, as well as enemies under 50% HP.
°Minor Bonus: +X HP healed by blue skill.
°Disk Ability: "Force Choke" now deals 5% of the enemy's Max HP as True Damage per second. +2 seconds Force Choke duration per star.
°Disk Ability: Vader's Basic attacks slow enemies attack speed by 15% for three seconds. This handicap resets at 100% slower. +20% slow cap per star.
Entrance: Vader walks onto the battlefield, breathing heavily as he activates his lightsaber.
Victory: Vader puts away his saber in his belt, staring silently forward.
KO: Vaders lightsaber automatically deactivates, as Vader drops it, falling to his knees, then falling down completely.
This one's a biggie. One of the most iconic and successful comedy relief characters in Disney. If I end up screwing up this concept, which I most likely will, please give out some feedback so I can edit out my silly mistakes.
Basic Attack: Edna throws a small gadget which she uses to craft suits at an enemy. Possible objects could include scissors, small pocket laser, ruler, etc. etc.
•White, 1000 Degrees!: Edna Mode activates a turret to fire out of the top of the screen, blasting the enemy team with fire, dealing X Damage and causing burn damage over six seconds. Normal Damage.
•Green, Old Ideas, New Use: Edna chucks a trash bin full of crumpled papers, failed design concepts, at the frontlines, damaging them and slowing their attack speed by 75% for five seconds.
•Blue, Clothing Structure: Edna studies a set of blueprints for a supersuit, making her invincible for four seconds.
•Purple, No Capes!: Edna becomes immune to Stuns, Freezes, or any other disables that affect her speed or movement.
Entrance: Edna rolls onto the battlefield in the mobile seating area that she and Elastigirl sat in while Edna showcased the Incredibles suits to Elastigirl. Edna hops off and gets into position, while the railed seats disappear.
Victory: Edna takes out her clipboard and happily checks off an item.
Defeat: Edna takes out a blueprint and crumples it up, throwing it on the ground as she stomps her foot.
Passively, Each of Dr. Facilier attacks heal him 50% of damage done.
Actively, Dr. Facilier bites a enemy with his voodoo necklace stunning it for 4 seconds and cursing it for 6 seconds deals true damage.
Facilier shows an enemy it's future hexing it for 6 seconds dealing normal damage.
Facilier's shadow grabs the farthest enemy and pulls it closer to him scaring other enemies for 6 seconds dealing fantastic damage.
Facilier's blue skill and basic attack now deals critical damage if he is below 50% hp.
The green skill is kind of useless. The whole point of Hexed is to keep enemies from using their white skill, but Stunned forces them to not use it, so you'd only be "Hexing" them for two seconds. Kind of useless in that sense.
Noticing that some players want Cars characters to be added. Sounds like a challenge.
Lightning McQueen tears up enemies on the battlefield with his unrivaled driving and racing skills.
Basic Attack: Lightning strikes an by driving forward, then pulls back.
•White, Faster Than Fast: Lightning drives at full speed through the battlefield, dealing X Damage to all enemies that he hits, and healing McQueen for Y HP. Normal Damage.
•Green, Float Like a Cadillac: McQueen revvs his engine loudly, damaging enemies for X and giving McQueen Y Basic Damage for the wave. Normal Damage.
•Blue, "Ka-Chow!": McQueen flashes his reflective sticker at the enemies, stunning frontline enemies for four seconds and damaging them for X. Normal Damage.
•Purple, Pit-Stop: When McQueen reaches 20% HP, Lightning becomes invincible for three seconds. He then regenerates for 50% of his Max HP and 300 Energy over five seconds. McQueen can use this skill up to three times at any point in the battle.
°Minor Bonus: +X HP healed by white skill.
°Disk Bonus: McQueen's Basic Attacks and White Skill inflicts fire damage enemies over seven seconds. +1 second per star.
°Minor Bonus: +X Max HP.
°Disk Ability: "Pit-Stop" Stuns enemies for five seconds. Purple Skill activates +1 time per star.
Entrance: McQueen drives up to the frontlines, screeching to a stop with turned tires, grinning.
Victory: McQueen drives a 360°, then flashing his sticker, smiling at the now-defeated enemies.
KO: Lightning's back tire pops/explodes. He sputters to a stop, slamming the ground with his tire in frustration.
A loyal friend equipped with a rickety tow hook, Mater can do some serious damage to creeps.
Basic Attack: Mater swings his tow hook like a lasso, whipping an enemy to deal damage.
•White, Tractor Stampede: Mater blows his horn loudly, calling a herd of tractors/cows to barrel through the enemies, dealing X Damage and stunning for five seconds. This also increases ally attack speed by 100% for four seconds. Fantastic Damage.
•Green, Retractable Hook: Mater lassos an enemy with his tow, pulling them toward him and damaging them. Normal Damage.
•Blue, Aw, Shoot!: Mater activates two machine guns (Given to him by Finn and Holly in Cars 2, in case some of you thought I had completely lost my mind.), blasting the enemy team with bullets, dealing X Damage. Fantastic Damage.
•Purple, Git-Er-Done!: "Retractable Hook" deals 100% more damage to enemies over 50% HP. True Damage.
°Disk Ability: "Aw, Shoot!" gives Mater 25 energy per second over 10 seconds. +1 seconds per star.
Now, I realized that Mater has multiple options for a decent alternative costume. This is my first time setting up a poll, so bear with me.
No, he just looks like a vampire.


The CAE Academy has been in existence since 2009 and offers our highly successful "Autodesk Ultimate Drawing Office Practice Course". On completion of this course attendees are prepared for a draughting career in a variety of design related industries such as Architecture, Civil Engineering and Manufacturing.
Since inception, in excess of eighty five (85%) of our attendees have been placed and are now working in these industries.
Our spacious and well equipped training centers are conducive to students developing their technical drawing and team work skills led by our team of energetic lecturers who are professional Authorized Autodesk Trainers and Certified Engineers with many years of practical experience.
We are now proud to introduce our new and improved courses aimed at increasing flexibility of hours and reducing the course costs. This has been achieved by bundling sets of courses together focused on the specific skill requirements of various industries and can now be enrolled for separately.
These changes allow students to enrol for either the complete course at a discount or progressive bundles that are flexible in terms of both time and payment options.
Our "Bundled Course" includes training and internationally recognized Autodesk certificates for AutoCAD and one of the following: Inventor, Revit or Civil 3D. This course aims to develop skills in the CAD industry and software to the level of the Autodesk Professional Certification and typically prepares a student for a career in a drawing office of a small to medium sized company.
The Specialization course comprises of the "Certification Bundle" plus a minimum of two additional specializations.
Autodesk software in a variety of applications including Architecture, Inventor and Civil. We undertake various plant visits and project work is also arranged so as to familiarize the students with the industry and its assorted environments.
Continuous evaluation of the student's progress is carried out using tests at regular intervals with assignments done after each module. The project work is used to compile a portfolio which students retain.
Manufacturing and Process Plant industries using the specialised Autodesk software products above.
To view a full list of all courses presented by CAE Academy (Pty) Ltd click below.


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Truncus arteriosus pronounced TRUNG-kus ahr-teer-e-O-sus), also known as common truncus, is a rare defect of the heart in which a single common blood vessel comes out of the heart, instead of the usual two vessels (the main pulmonary artery and aorta).
re is also usually a hole between the bottom two chambers of the heart (ventricles) called a ventricular septal defect. Because a baby with this defect may need surgery or other procedures soon after birth, truncus arteriosus is considered a critical congenital heart defect (CCHD). Congenital means present at birth.
In a baby without a congenital heart defect, the right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood through the aorta to the rest of the body.
In babies with a truncus arteriosus, oxygen-poor blood and oxygen-rich blood are mixed together as blood flows to the lungs and the rest of the body. As a result, too much blood goes to the lungs and the heart works harder to pump blood to the rest of the body. Also, instead of having both an aortic valve and a pulmonary valve, babies with truncus arteriosus have a single common valve (truncal valve) controlling blood flow out of the heart. The truncal valve is often abnormal. The valve can be thickened and narrowed, which can block the blood as it leaves the heart. It can also leak, causing blood that leaves the heart to leak back into the heart across the valve.
The causes of heart defects, such as truncus arteriosus, among most babies are unknown. Some babies have congenital heart defects because of changes in their genes or chromosomes. Congenital heart defects are also thought to be caused by the combination of genes and other risk factors such as things the mother comes in contact with in her environment, or what the mother eats or drinks, or certain medications she uses.
Truncus arteriosus may be diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after the baby is born.
During pregnancy, there are screening tests (also called prenatal tests) to check for birth defects and other conditions. Some heart defects might be seen during an ultrasound (which creates pictures of the body). If a health care provider suspect a baby might have truncus arteriosus, the health care provider can request a fetal echocardiogram to confirm the diagnosis. A fetal echocardiogram is a more detailed ultrasound of the baby's heart. This test can show problems with the structure of the heart, like a single large vessel coming from the heart, and how the heart is working with this defect.
If a health care provider suspects a baby might have truncus arteriosus, the health care provider can request an echocardiogram to confirm the diagnosis. An echocardiogram is an ultrasound of the heart that can show problems with the structure of the heart, like the single large vessel coming from the heart or misshapen truncal valve. It can also show how the heart is working (or not) with this defect, like if the blood is leaking back into the heart or if it is moving through a hole between the ventricles. Echocardiograms are also useful for helping the doctor follow the child's health over time.
Truncus arteriosus is a critical congenital heart defect (CCHD) that may be detected with newborn pulse oximetry screening (also known as pulse ox). Pulse oximetry is a simple bedside test to determine the amount of oxygen in a baby's blood. Low levels of oxygen in the blood can be a sign of a CCHD. Newborn screening using pulse oximetry can identify some infants with a CCHD, like truncus arteriosus, before they show any symptoms.
Some babies with truncus arteriosus also will need medicines to help strengthen the heart muscle, lower their blood pressure, and help their body get rid of extra fluid.
Some babies with truncus arteriosus might become tired while feeding and might not eat enough to gain weight. To make sure babies have a healthy weight gain, a special high-calorie formula might be prescribed. Some babies become extremely tired while feeding and might need to be fed through a feeding tube.
Close the hole between the bottom chambers of the heart (ventricular septal defect) usually with a patch.
Use the original single blood vessel to create a new aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle out to the body.
Use an artificial tube (conduit) with an artificial valve to connect the right ventricle to the arteries going to the lungs in order to carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
Most babies with truncus arteriosus survive the surgical repair, but may need more surgery or other procedures as they get older. For example, the artificial tube doesn't grow, so it will need to be replaced as the child grows. There also may be blockages to blood flow which may need to be relieved, or problems with the truncal valve. Thus, a person born with truncus arteriosus will need regular follow-up visits with a cardiologist (a heart doctor) to monitor their progress and avoid complications or other health problems.
Parker SE, Mai CT, Canfield MA, et al; for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network. Updated national birth prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004-2006. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2010;88:1008-16.


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Home Course
The Pharmacy profession offers diverse job opportunities in India and around the world. Pharmacists may practice in a community or hospital pharmacy; a nursing home or extended care facility; Pharmaceutical Industry, Biotechnology industry and other private or public companies. Pharmacy graduates in America are among the best paid and most respected professionals and the recent health care trends make pharmacy a nearly recession proof career choice! Many Multi National Pharmaceutical Companies are carrying out clinical trials in India wherein pharmacists are in high demand, the pharmaceutical industry involves in activities relating to the development, formulation, production or marketing of new drugs for clinical use. M. Pharm or Ph.D holders are absorbed in research work, to develop new useful drugs, in laboratories and in production work in analyzing them for purity and strength in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmacists are hired within the central and state government departments- the Health Protection Branch of the Department of Health and Welfare, the Pest Control Division of Agriculture, the Department of National Defense, Provincial Research Councils, and the Provincial Departments of Agriculture or the Environment.
Intake Capacity: 60 Students per year. (Inclusive of 50% Govt. quota).
50% of the Govt quota seats will be filled by the Entrance Commissioner Kerala from KEAM Pharmacy Exam.and 50% if the management seats by( KSSPCMA) _( Add full form ) as per the conditions put forward by the Government and Statutory Councils
Lapsed seats will be filled by the management as per rules.
For Candidates of Kerala: Applicant should pass Higher Secondary Examination of the Government of Kerala or any other course approved as equivalent thereto with Physics and Chemistry as compulsory subjects and Biology/Mathematics/Biotechnology/Computer Science as optional subjects and should have obtained a minimum of 50% marks for the optional subjects and 50% marks aggregate for all the 3 subjects put together
Candidates From Outside Kerala:Those who have passed their qualifying examination from outside Kerala have to produce the certificate of recognition and equivalency of qualifying examination from any one of the universities in Kerala, at the time of admission
Age: Applicants should have completed 17 years of age at the time of admission.
Self attested copy of relevant page of school record namely SSLC/ CBSE/ICSC certificate showing the date of birth/copy of the birth certificate from appropriate authority should be furnished along with the application.
Nativity: Candidate should be an Indian citizen.
EXAMINATION:
Attendance: A candidate is required to put-in at least 80% of attendance in theory and practical separately in each and every subject, failing which he will be detained from attempting the University Exams.
Scheme of Examination: he University examination shall be held at the end of each semester The Odd sems I , III, V. VII . examinations will be in November / December and Even sems II , IV, VI , VIII examinations will be conducted in May/June
Minimum for a pass: A student shall be declared PASS and eligible for getting grade in a course of B.Pharm. Program if he/she secures at least 50% marks in that particular course.
For example, to be declared as PASS and to get grade, the student has to secure a minimum of. 50marks for the total of 100 and has to secure a minimum of 25. marks for the total 50 in End semester practical examination.
Sessional Examination held in College:-
Sessional Exams Two Sessional exams shall be conducted for each theory/practical course as per the schedule fixed by the college . The scheme of question paper for theory and practical Sessional examinations will be as per the syllabus guidelines.
The average marks of two Sessional exams shall be computed for internal assessment as per the directions of the curriculum.
Sessional exam shall be conducted for 30 marks for theory and shall be computed for 15marks.
Similarly, Sessional exam for practical shall be conducted for 40 marks and shall be computed for 10 marks.


Many travellers are searching for Top 10 Things To Do In Bangkok For Couples,Bangkok can well be described as a city of humble beginnings. In fact around 200 years ago, it was simply a small trading center and port community. Despite the fact that the city had grown rapidly and become renowned for being a modern and vibrant place, it has impressively retained its splendid and enchanting glory. That's why a visit to Bangkok should be on everyone's bucket list. You can find Top 10 Things To Do In Bangkok For Couples travel information.
Otherwise known as Wat Chetuphon, this really is a temple that had been designed for King Rama in Bangkok hundreds of in the past. It can be considered to be a location where people can receive feelings, and was considered among the first pharmacies in all of Bangkok. It is additionally the location of the first university which was started from a descendent of King Rama, a location where you can now get not only traditional medicine but a foot massage at highly affordable prices. It really is known mostly for your Temple from the Reclining Buddha which is actually a Buddha that is certainly resting perched on his arm. It is enormous, roughly 15 m high by 45 m long, and might basically be viewed in sections due to its size. There are many beautiful gemstones that have been in lead inside the soles in the feet, an absolute number of 108 stones total. It is a number associated with procession, the wobble of the earth, an issue that is created into lots of the temples throughout Thailand.
It is really an absolutely beautiful structure containing a considerable amount of history, and it is the home of what exactly is called Wat Phra Kaeo. It is here the emerald or jade Buddha are available, within this palace built in 1782, the residence of the royalty that have been in command of the continent at that time. This palace includes two hours of not just the palace itself but also the Wat Phra Kaew Tour. Our recommendation is that you begin early every morning to make the most of everything that you will be capable of seeing, or simply perform a half day sightseeing tour to see either one.
You will notice a wonderful representation of your ancient battles that accustomed to occur between Burma and Siam. This is really a mix of Royal Palace and Chapel, and if you can to climb to the top level right before sunset, you will notice sunlight setting in to the Chao Praya River, an attractive sight to behold.
Looking at what exactly is called Wat Suthat is exactly what the locals call the giant swing. It really is a 27 m high structure, use for religious ceremonies, and its particular purpose is to pass through a ritual that requires groups of three people visiting the top and walking across for the narrow board. There are a tremendous variety of fatal accidents back into the 1930s which make them not take advantage of this being a ritual anymore. However, it really is a beautiful sight to find out, especially facing Wat Suthat.
This is certainly literally something from the movies, a real floating market that is certainly about one hour away from Bangkok. It really is considered by some to be the Venice from the East, much like exactly how the individuals that element of Italy do it a lot of things in the water. Additionally it is a tourist trap due to how everyone is seeking to check this out market that is completely floating on boats manned by people selling their goods. However, once you do go, you may be treated to many of the most delicious food which is absolutely fresh, served in a authentic way.
When you have time, you are able to pay a visit to Lumpini Park which is a literal oasis in the middle of the architecture and buildings of Bangkok. There are many lawns that you could spend time at, Chinese pagodas, and you will discover a small lake that you can require a boat out on. Is ideal for relaxing for the reason that park is indeed tranquil, despite every one of the skyscrapers that are surrounding it in every directions. The park has become a place where antigovernment protests have occurred, so just make sure that when you choose to go there, it's just people hanging out to chill out.


Personal images of distinction that express the character and personality of the subject establish Mark DeLong as an innovative Nashville celebrity photographer of his generation. Mark handpicks the industry's most talented stylists and hair and makeup artists for each project, which may include still or motion photography. Mark's uncanny ability to fuse his artistic and technical expertise with the vision of his client makes him an in-demand professional for celebrity photography in Nashville and around the country.
Excellent entertainment photography demands a collaborative mindset, and Mark's engaging style and visionary talent leads to flawless collaborations. Mark is involved in every aspect his shoots, including scouting locations, designing complex lighting schemes and styling talent to enhance the goals of the production. Mark personally retouches and composites the final stills and video edits to create an immaculate collaboration.
Mark's rare ability to capture the character of a subject through still and motion photography establishes his 17-year reputation as one of the most respected visionaries in the industry. Many of the world's most recognizable celebrities and Nashville entertainers identify Mark as approachable but professional, and exclusive but fun.
From Rascal Flatts to Morgan Freeman, Mark has photographed the world's most identifiable celebrities. Clients such as Capitol Records, Warner Music, Condé Nast and others choose Mark when nothing less than extraordinary images will do.
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Three Pakistani Americans discuss the upcoming elections in Pakistan while visiting 'Gourmet Bakery and Sweets' on Coney Island Avenue in Brooklyn, New York City.— Photo by author.
This was the Urdu greeting that a customer gave a restaurant owner when he entered. The owner returned the salutation and invited him to take a seat. With nearly everyone in the venue wearing the traditional dress shalwar kameez and holding conversations in Urdu, the atmosphere of 'Gourmet Bakery and Sweets' on Coney Island Avenue in Brooklyn, so closely resembles that of a restaurant in Pakistan that one feels momentarily transported back to the country.
The sound of a Pakistani private television channel blared, giving information about the prospects of different political parties in the upcoming general elections in the country. Everyone in the restaurant glanced at the television screen from time to time.
"I think Imran Khan should win but I don't believe the elections will be fair because of the corruption in the country," said Razia Khan, a 40-year-old mother of four sons who had come to Gourmet Bakery, an outlet of a well-known retail chain in Pakistan, to purchase some food items.
She was referring to Khan – the cricketer turned politician who is the chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) which is considered to be one of the two main contenders in the elections scheduled for May 11.The party is likely to face stiff competition from Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) of two-time former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
Nevertheless, Imran Khan has emerged as the most popular politician of Pakistan in recent years, because PTI has never been elected to power before and analysts say the public has generally become weary of the allegedly inept policies of the two 'tried and tested' national political parties - Pakistan People's Party(PPP) whose government just ended its tenure, and PML-N.
As the polls approach, the election fever is running high and the 'Little Pakistan' community in Flatbush, Brooklyn – home to an estimated 27 per cent of the more than 41,000 Pakistani Americans living in New York City, according to the 2010 census –- is also drawn to the excitement.
Sitting at a table with his two young daughters and wife, Muhammad Ali Khan said that "If Imran Khan wins, things will get better in Pakistan, otherwise the country will regress 100 years." He also said that a lot of people were going to visit their homeland to cast their votes, but he couldn't go because of his health problems.
Shoaib Awan, an under-graduate finance student at BrooklynCollege said, "I just want Pakistani leaders to be strong and not beg other countries for aid all the time." Awan also said he believes the polls will be impartial this time, because the Pakistani courts are now keeping a check on politicians' power and will not let them rig the elections.
Waseem Arif, 31, a business consultant, claimed that if overseas Pakistanis vote, 80 percent would vote for PTI. He also said Imran Khan's party was the only hope for the country.
His friend Ali Adnan Syed, an engineer, took a more pessimistic view while eating-'falooda'- a traditional sweet dish, at a restaurant called Mithas. "The elections in Pakistan will not be fair because of the involvement of big players in the politics of the country like Afghanistan, Dubai and India," he claimed.
Syed's pessimism was shared by Maham Nazeer, a part-time assistant at the restaurant, who said she did not care about the upcoming elections, because she did not think that any change will take place in Pakistan.
"No politician can win the elections without corruption. What can I say about a country in which Asif Ali Zardari spent so many years in jail and then became the president?" she said, although the charges were never proven.
Opinion in Brooklyn was also sharply divided about the arrest of former Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf on various charges. "Musharraf should be hanged for arresting Pakistani people and handing them over to other countries," said 20-year-old computer science student Junaid Nawaz. Ali Adnan Syed disagreed, saying the former army chief had instituted several positive measures and that people were now taking revenge from him due to their personal biases.
Mohammad Shabeer, a taxi driver who has been living on Coney Island Avenue for the past 23 years, predicted that Musharraf's political party will perform poorly in the upcoming elections. Although he hoped that PTI would be given a chance, overall he felt upbeat about the difference of opinion prevalent in Pakistan, as far as the support for different political parties was concerned.
The computer science student Nawaz also voiced support for Sharif's party. "Nawaz Sharif should win because he is better than Asif Ali Zardari and Imran Khan has no experience," he said.
To read an in-depth feature about overseas Pakistanis' voting rights, click here.
Hira Nafees Shah is a student at Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and a Fulbright Scholar from Pakistan 2012 batch. She can be reached at @HiraShah05.