Here is the official secured link for our dedicated Facebook site for the Church's monthly gathering for Faith, Hope & Board Games.
To access the site visit this link and pending Churches review and admin approval you will become a member and see all updates and times and information on how to participate.
USHERS The Elders are being asked to prioritize assisting the Pastor in the worship service over serving as ushers. Therefore, we need to fill more positions on our usher teams. This is not limited to men only. Please see Wayne Pereboom service@redeemer-lutheran.net or call the church office at (714) 846-6330 or email churchoffice@redeemer-lutheran.net.
NURSERY ATTENDANT Would you like to help play quietly with small children? We need nursery attendants for the 11:00 AM services. If you would like to help or to get more information, contact Wayne Pereboom service@redeemer-lutheran.net or call the church office (714) 846-6330.
ALTAR GUILD Have you ever wondered who sets up for communion? The Altar Guild is looking for new members to join the existing Altar Guild teams. The Altar Guild prepares the communion, changes the banners and paraments, and prepares the church for worship. We really need more members. If you would like to join a team or just get more information about the Altar Guild, contact Chris Ohlendorf chrisohlendorf@yahoo.com or Carol Waidner in the church office at (714) 846-6330 or email churchoffice@redeemer-lutheran.net.
SUNDAY SCHOOL We are looking for more Sunday School teachers and/or helpers. Please contact Pat Anderson at deaconess@redeemer-lutheran.net or (714) 824-0027 or Brian Viers at bigbrianv1@gmail.com if you are interested.
GREETERS We have an urgent need for more greeters on Sunday mornings. All you have to do is help members and visitors feel at home as they arrive for worship services. To find out more, call the Church Office at (714) 846-6330 or email churchoffice@redeemer-lutheran.net.
Forever Learning is a new group at Redeemer for anyone interested in learning or improving a skill.
Painting, flow painting, pinochle, bunco, ice skating, water exercise and more.
Events are announced in church and in the Sunday bulletin. A donation of $3 per event is requested to offset the price of ingredients when having food. A further donation may be required for some events but you will know about it ahead of time. After a cooking event we will sit down and enjoy the meal together. Everyone is welcome.
If you are interested or would like more information please call or text Ellen Prior at 714-651-1881 or Doris White at 714-454-2902. If you would be willing to teach, assist, or provide your home for an event, please let us know. Days and times are up to the host.
Donations are being accepted to raise funds for the Sanctuary Tile Project to replace worn carpet with new tile that will enhance the Sanctuary acoustics. Please put "Sanctuary Tile Project" in the memo line of your check or on your offering envelope.
The Redeemer Lutheran Preschool Board has established a Preschool scholarship fund. We have had families visit our school who simply cannot afford the tuition and were not approved for governmental assistance. We would like to offer these families a good Christian education for their children. To donate to this fund, please make your check payable to Redeemer Lutheran Church with "Preschool Scholarship Fund" on the memo line. Thank you for your continued support of Redeemer Lutheran Preschool.


text:
Q: Declaration of Specific::method(): must be compatible with General::method(). Is PHP wrong about LSP? I guess that the "... must be compatible with ..." is in place to enforce Liskov Substitution Principle. But I am not sure this is what LSP says?
I have a code like this:
class General
{
    public static function create(): General
    {
        return new static;
    }

    public function doSomething()
    {
        echo get_class($this) . ' speaking!' . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

class Specific extends General
{
    public static function create(): Specific
    {
        return parent::create();
    }
}

function doSomething(General $object)
{
    $object->doSomething();
}

doSomething(General::create());
doSomething(Specific::create());

Which produces:

PHP Fatal error:  Declaration of Specific::create(): Specific must be compatible with General::create(): General in ...

The LSP is often cited as:

Functions that use pointers or references to base classes must be able
  to use objects of derived classes without knowing it.

And this is not violated here as far as I understand. So what is wrong here? Is it some special restriction that doesn't have anything to do with LSP? Is it a bug in PHP? Am I doing something wrong without knowing?
UPDATE: I found this thread (Parameter type covariance in specializations). I understand and fully agree that the example there violates LSP. But my situation is different (reverse in fact).

A: http://php.net/manual/en/functions.returning-values.php

When overriding a parent method, the child's method must match any return type declaration on the parent. If the parent doesn't define a return type, then the child method may do so.

Your Specific::create function should indicate a General return type.
Otherwise, code written for Specific::create would potentially break when running General::create, as it would receive a different class.

A: The LSP states that method parameters must be contravariant while return values must be covariant.
In your case you have covariant return types which satisfies the LSP.
The problem is in PHP itself. This restriction has nothing to do with LSP, it's just that earlier versions of PHP haven't implemented that yet.
Since PHP 7.2 (7.4) it now supports fully the LSP, i.e. parameter contravariance and return value covariance: https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.variance.php
UPD. But your code contains another issue: your \Specific::create() method must return an instance of Specific as you have stated it in its signature, but it tries to return the value returned by \General::create() which is stated to be General (and we know that instances of General are not instanceof Specific). This is quite misleading. E.g. PhpStorm will warn you about it: Return value is expected to be 'Specific', 'General' returned.
But PHP doesn't throw an error about that.
This could be fixed by adding a PhpDoc to the \General::create():
class General
{
    /**
     * @return static
     */
    public static function create(): General
    {
        return new static;
    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When I click to turn on the heat map in GA tables, it briefly activates, but then the table sorting happens and the heat mapping goes away.
I wasn't able to reproduce the problem, but I have given the toggle icon a little more padding so it's easier to click on it. We'll see how it goes! This will be available in the next release, coming up shortly.


text:
Islam, Women and Feminism ( 12 Sept 2020, NewAgeIslam.Com)
Imam Khomeini's Daughter Warns Betrayers of Palestine against National Fury
• Imam Khomeini's Daughter Warns Betrayers of Palestine against National Fury
• Shalimar Sharbatly, Saudi Artist To Display Her Latest Work In Jeddah As Part Of The Kingdom's 90th National Day Celebrations
• Women Bikers at The Texas-Side Convention Center Go for Gathering Record
• PCOS Activist Seeks to Help Women Live Comfortably In Their Skin
• Erdogan Government In Turkey Undermines Women's Rights
URL; https://www.newageislam.com/islam-women-and-feminism/new-age-islam-news-bureau/imam-khomeinis-daughter-warns-betrayers-of-palestine-against-national-fury/d/122846
Imam Khomeini's daughter Zahra Mostafavi
TEHRAN (FNA)- Imam Khomeini daughter and Secretary General of the Iranian Society for the Defense of the Palestinian Nation (SDPN), Zahra Mostafavi lashed out at some Islamic countries over establishing ties with Israel, warning them against the fiery sentiments of their nations.
In an open letter to some heads of Islamic countries, who have chosen to compromise with the child-killing Israeli regime, Mostafavi said that the Islamic states should be cautioned for their nations' anger.
For some time, the issue of cooperation between the Zionist Regime and some of the Islamic states is underway. Considering its importance and our commitments as an NGO defending the Palestinians, I felt obliged to share with you some of the matters of relevance as a sincere advisor.
The cause of Palestine liberation and the Holy Quds as taken up among the Muslim societies is based on these very hurt feelings. For the continued occupation of Palestine and the Holy Quds is a long and continuous insult to the Islamic Ummah and the hostile actions of the regime is a continuous threat to the security and interests of all the countries in the region.
As the late Imam Khomeini stressed this cancerous tumor will not limit itself to Palestine and in a very short time would expand its political opportunities at the regional level. Unfortunately, during the past 72 years, no effective or decisive measure has been taken by the Islamic countries to annul this long threat. The 72 years of Palestinians' displacement is a significant factor that shows how the leaders of the Islamic world have failed to handle the issue of Palestine.
As some leaders of the Muslim world have overlooked the issue of Palestine, their occupation and their sufferings and displacement; and instead, have taken steps to establish diplomatic ties with the occupiers of Palestine, [their move] is in actual contrast to the Islamic teachings and the Holy Quran itself, and a decision against Islamic unity and fraternity.
This is obviously to let down the duty of liberating the Muslim land from the hands of unfaith. As the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei has stated, any relations with the Zionist Regime is high treason against the cause of Palestine and the Muslim Ummah.
The Zionist Regime has been established based on the distorted teachings of Judaism. Those that God has called them as the worst enemies of the pious and has clearly commanded man not to form friendship with them, emphasizing that if any Muslim overlooks this command will not only be excluded from the pious but will also be part of them and whoever abandons friendship with the pious and seeks friendship with the enemies will be counted as the oppressors and would never see the mercy and guidance of the Almighty and will be excluded from His mercy.
No doubt, choosing to establish ties with Israel would mean to acknowledge Palestine occupation and to create a pact with the worst enemies of Muslims against the Muslims and this choice has flamed the feelings of the Muslim Ummah leading to oppositions by the Islamic Ummah across the world and further attempts against traitors to the liberation of Palestine and the Holy Quds. Those who have made such a wrong decision will pay a heavy price. They should not forget the fate of Anwar Sadat.
The fate of nations and states, that the Holy Quran has emphasized to be studied, shows that the states will not stand forever but nations would remain and those very nations will punish those states that fall in treason. In this regard, the Muslim nations will take heavy revenge from the states that have chosen to establish ties with the enemies and the archenemy. The Society Defending Palestinians and the international Union of NGOs defending the people of Palestine are in fact the will and voice of Iranians as well as the national and international members that feel obliged and responsible to warn all Arab and Islamic states towards the bitter outcomes of choosing to betray the cause of Palestine and to cooperate with the Zionist enemy. No doubt, this choice will bring about numerous socio-political outcomes, as well as security and economic problems, for your state and nation.
One of the policies of the Zionist regime is its military and security presence in the entire West Asia and North Africa, especially in the strategic Persian Gulf region.
When Israel's former prime minister, the butcher of Sabra and Shatila Ariel Sharon, stressed 'the need of Israeli military forces' presence in the Persian Gulf and control over the oil resources in the region' there is no doubt that the ultimate goal of Israel within its deceitful discourse of peace is in fact to expand its dominance over the entire Islamic geography which would lead to endangering the interests and security of all the countries in the region and no doubt the smaller countries will be the most vulnerable.
No doubt, had the Arab and the Islamic states remained beside the Palestinian nation, as the Islamic Iran has stood beside the Palestinian cause for the past 42 years and has taken up this measure as part of its priority in its foreign policies and has continued this trend with steadfastness and strong will during the past 42 years, the Palestinian liberation would have taken a faster pace and would have led to an end to all the insecurity within the nations, as well as the entire region, through close cooperation.
Be assured that the oppressors will think the least about the interests and security of the regional countries when it comes to their presence in the region. Israel is the result of their long colonial experience and their intention is to take full dominance over the region through Zionism and as the US president put it to milk the wealth of region and to behead them in the end.
US President Donald Trump tweeted the news of the Israel-Bahrain normalization deal on Friday after he spoke by phone to Bahrain's King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
Following the announcement at the White House, Palestinian officials condemned the Israel-Bahrain normalization deal announced by US President Donald Trump as another "stab in the back" by an Arab state.
Friday's accord normalizing diplomatic ties between Israel and Bahrain comes one month after the United Arab Emirates (UAE) agreed to normalize ties with Israel under a US-brokered deal.
In relevant remarks on Saturday, Secretariat of Iranian Parliament's International Conference on Supporting Palestinian Intifada strongly denounced the Bahraini government's move to normalize ties with Israel, stressing that the move will have no effect on the resistance of the Muslim nations.
"Accepting the humiliation of compromise [with Israel] by the UAE and Bahraini governments will never undermine the determination and resistance of nations in the Islamic world," the Secretariat said in a statement on Saturday.
"Hereby, Permanent Secretariat of International Conference on Supporting Palestinian Intifada of the Parliament strongly condemns the surrender of Bahraini regime to the Zionists and Global Arrogance and its compromise with criminal and child-killing Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu," the statement noted, adding that the act contradicts with the teachings of Islam and legitimate rights of the Palestinian people.
"These rulers should know that allowing the Zionist regime to step in the Persian Gulf region will not be a simple and temporary issue. Not only this irrational act will not spread peace and security, it will rather escalate insecurity and instability in the region which will engulf compromisers," the statement added.
https://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13990623000353
Shalimar Sharbatly, Saudi Artist To Display Her Latest Work In Jeddah As Part Of The Kingdom's 90th National Day Celebrations
HALA TASHKANDI
The initiative will start from Jeddah's waterfront, where the artworks will be made at the Oia Beach Resort and then taken to the waterfront for finishing touches before being displayed. (Supplied)
RIYADH: Saudi abstract artist Shalimar Sharbatly is set to showcase her latest work in Jeddah as part of the Kingdom's 90th National Day celebrations.
The municipality of Jeddah, in cooperation with the artist, has launched the "Draw the Nation" initiative, which will see the art displayed to the public from Sept. 23.
Sharbatly, a pioneer of the "Moving Art" school, is widely known for her style of painting on cars. A custom-designed, hand-painted Porsche 911 and a Formula 1 racing vehicle that she painted, known as "La Torq," are the most notable of her works.
The Porsche was showcased at the Paris Motor Show, and "La Torq" was unveiled at the 2017 Grand Prix de Monaco. Both vehicles were also exhibited at the Louvre museum in Paris, in the "Moving Art" exhibit in 2017.
For this year's National Day celebrations, Sharbatly was commissioned to paint four old cars, repurposing them into art to be displayed at the new waterfront and Jeddah's main squares.
Sharbatly spoke to Arab News about her background in art, the challenges she faced in creating the artworks, and her feelings about being able to represent the Kingdom for the National Day celebrations.
"My earliest memories are of that studio, the sounds of Fairuz, Abdel Halim (Hafez), and Julio Iglesias, and feeling like I wasn't like other children," she said.
With her mother's support, she was able to nurture her skills from the age of 6, and won her first award at 8. When she was only 16, she had her first show in Cairo in 1988. Fans of her early career include renowned Egyptian painter, Salah Taher, and the poet, Farouk Juwaidah, who attended the show and complimented her work.
She has showcased her work internationally, is recognized as the first Saudi female artist to be commissioned by the government to create artwork, and in 2017 was chosen as a goodwill ambassador for her contributions to humanitarian issues and civil society.
"It's very difficult to paint on to cars. You're almost at war with the paints, because they tend to dry out very quickly. But I've grown accustomed to it after so many years. I used to say that the paints would wound me when I fought with them, but now I have tamed them so that they listen to me," she said.
"Experience makes you innovative, and innovation makes you creative, and creativity is what makes the world around you easier to mold to your will," she said.
On the topic of this year's National Day, Sharbatly said that she felt honored to be participating and giving back to the country in the best way she knew how.
"In these current circumstances, with the coronavirus pandemic happening and our government stepping up to offer treatment to everyone and keep us all safe, our nation needs a lot from us right now. I can tolerate the heat and the difficulty of the work if it means I can contribute to beautifying the country as much as I can," she said.
She also expressed her gratitude to the mayor of Jeddah, Saleh Al-Turki, for supporting the initiative, and for providing the old cars and vehicles to be turned into artworks.
The initiative will start from Jeddah's waterfront, where the artworks will be mostly made at the Oia Beach Resort Jeddah and then taken to the waterfront for some finishing touches before being displayed. The second phase of the project will include all cities in the Kingdom, then expanding to the world, where these artworks will be exported to communicate Saudi art to the world.
https://www.arabnews.com/node/1733651/saudi-arabia
Women Bikers At The Texas-Side Convention Center Go For Gathering Record
by Junius Stone
Hundreds of women motorcycle enthusiasts congregated at the Texas-side convention center, celebrating a sisterhood of cyclists, which is a relatively new phenomenon in biker culture. Featuring a chrome cornucopia of machines and flocks of females in biker finery (not just leather, by any means), engines roared and voices chatted and laughed as they reveled in a weekend of road culture.
"This is a new thing for women, relatively speaking," said Robin Pecht, president of New Life Riders, Austin CMA Chapter. "The numbers of lady bike riders is growing each year."
The male side of biker culture has had a rough, clannish reputation, though there is also talk of brotherhood and community service among many, with biker subcultures proliferating over the decades.
The men who love motorcycles have been supportive of the women entering the culture, certainly the men attending the conference with their wives, girlfriends and friends.
"Majority of men in the bike world support the ladies coming into the lifestyle," she said. "In the case of couples, this is something they can do together. My husband and I have been together 37 years and I've been riding since age 21, when I was pregnant with my second child. Lots of women felt they could not enter this overwhelmingly male dominated world, but now, they are proving themselves wrong."
Elizabeth Carleo, a Texarkana native, says her husband, Zach Torres, a new technician at Harley Davidson-Texarkana, has drawn her into the bike world. She looks forward to the day she actually mounts up on one of those machines.
"I ride with my husband right now, but I'm learning right along with him," she said. "For me, this is unexplored territory. We both like to travel, do new things. Exploring and doing it through Harley's view of things, Harley Davidson culture has opened a new world for us."
"When you meet a fellow biker, you have common ground with them immediately," she said. "It helps establish an easy bond with others. It is a big family, very inclusive."
Ladies in Leather, the third rally under that organization and the first in Texarkana, was attempt to beat the record of the previous number of women cycling enthusiasts gathered at once. The previous record of more than 1,000 was established at a rally in Australia. As of Saturday, they were at several hundred.
https://www.texarkanagazette.com/news/texarkana/story/2020/sep/13/sisterhood-cyclists-women-bikers-go-gathering-record/841143/
PCOS activist seeks to help women live comfortably in their skin
Nutana Singh
Passionate about human rights, innovation, the future of business and sustainability, 23-year-old Nutana Singh has used her diagnosis with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to launch a platform to help others living with the condition.
Since her diagnosis Singh told Stabroek Weekend that she was motivated to share her experience with the condition as she really believes in "lift while you climb".
According to the United Kingdom's National Health Service website, PCOS is a common condition that affects how a woman's ovaries work. Three main features are: irregular periods – which means your ovaries do not regularly release eggs (ovulation); excess androgen – high levels of male hormones in your body, which may cause physical signs such as excess facial or body hair; and polycystic ovaries – your ovaries become enlarged and contain many fluid-filled sacs (follicles) that surround the eggs (but despite the name, you do not actually have cysts if you have PCOS).
https://www.stabroeknews.com/2020/09/13/sunday/pcos-activist-seeks-to-help-women-live-comfortably-in-their-skin/
Erdogan government in Turkey undermines women's rights
By Ateet Sharma
New Delhi, Sep 12 (IANS): Much has been written about cases of domestic violence having risen during the Covid-19 pandemic worldwide. However, shocking figures are coming out of Turkey where as many as 90 women have been killed between June and August, mostly by relatives or men they were in a relationship with.
In the city of Osmaniye in the Cukurova region of Turkey, 57-year-old Fatma Altun was killed with a firearm by Mehmet Altun, the man she was married to. 28-year-old Sevgi Yavuz in Kahramanmaras was killed 'due to economic reasons' by Ali Yavuz as the divorce proceedings between the two were initiated. 31-year-old Yonca Tatarka, living in Balikesir, was shot dead by her former husband in the middle of a street. Dilek Akbulut, a 36-year-old mother-of-three, was killed by husband Bekir Akbulut at her workplace in Ankara with the excuse of jealousy.
The list is long and unending. During the pandemic, there have been several high-profile murders and rapes of women in Turkey by men, including current or former partners.
According to the 'We Will Stop Femicide Platform' — which was founded in 2010 to stop femicide and ensure protection for women from violence in Turkey — nearly 500 women were killed in the country last year. This year, the number of victims could hit an all-time high. The figures recorded for criminal acts of physical, psychological, digital, honor-related, sexual, economic violence, child abuse, etc., are obviously mammoth.
While all over the world, domestic violence is considered as a violation of women's human rights and governments have an obligation to take reasonable and effective measures to prevent, investigate, punish and redress domestic violence, the Turkish government is planning to do just the opposite.
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, widely accused of acting like an 'Ottoman Sultan', has made public his intentions to withdraw from the Council of Europe Convention (ironically, better known as Istanbul Convention as it was forged in the iconic city), the first European treaty specifically targeting violence against women and domestic violence. It is widely recognized as the most advanced legally binding treaty to prevent and combat gender-based violence, including marital rape, forced marriages, stalking, female genital mutilations and so-called 'honor crime''. No state has ever withdrawn from it.
"An understanding, a regulation or an ideology which places a dynamite on the foundation of the family is not legitimate. I am of the opinion that we are highly capable to draft texts which honor human dignity, put the family at the center and which are appropriate for our social fabric. Instead of translated texts, we need to determine our frame on our own. Instead of saying Copenhagen criteria, we would say Ankara criteria and proceed on our way," Erdogan said last month while targeting the convention. Turkey was, in fact, the first country to ratify the treaty on March 12, 2012. The convention was also signed by 45 of the Council of Europe Member States and ratified by 34 of them.
Following the statement that "we can withdraw if necessary", it has been observed that violations of rights against women have witnessed a surge in Turkey. In the past few weeks, thousands of women too have taken to the streets of Ankara and Istanbul leading massive protests with slogans like "let the Istanbul Convention be Implemented" and "keep the Istanbul Convention alive".
"There is a bitter irony to the fact that the Turkish authorities are considering withdrawing from a Convention bearing the name of its most iconic city," says Amnesty International's Women's Rights Researcher, Anna Blus.
"This discussion is deeply worrying, coming at time when Covid-19 measures, such as lockdown, have led to a spike in reports of violence against women and girls with many women and girls trapped at home with their abusers or unable to easily access safety and support services. Turkey's withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention would have disastrous consequences for millions of women and girls in the country and to organizations providing vital support to survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence," said Blus.
The hardliners in Turkey, and there are loads of them now who've been promised the return of the Ottoman Empire by their President, are however in no mood to back off on convention, just as they were on Hagia Sophia. Leaders of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AK Party) agree with their boss when he says that Turkey is in need of a new convention unique to the country that would protect the family structure.
Clearly, Turkey isn't bothered to better protect and promote the rights of women and girls. The death toll continues to increase as you read this while the killers roam scot-free.
As Istanbul-based attorney Selin Nakipoglu, who has spent years facing off with men in court who say they were provoked into killing their wives, told Washington's publicly funded non-profit media organization National Public Radio, last year: "They show up in court wearing suits and ties, saying they're sorry but 'honor' made them do it. And the judges let (them) get away with it."
http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=750417
URL: https://www.newageislam.com/islam-women-and-feminism/new-age-islam-news-bureau/imam-khomeinis-daughter-warns-betrayers-of-palestine-against-national-fury/d/122846

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), please accept this letter as an official written request for copies of the following: Please provide the most recent student transportation contract, any addendums, pricing pages and any other contractual updates.
Please provide copies of detailed invoices and billing reports for 3 months (including activity trips) – suggest May, July and last October.
Please provide detailed routing information in Excel format. (We can provide instructions for the type of report to run.) In addition to hours, we need to know the miles of each route.


text:
Willem Verbeeck and Allison Simon Launch 'Long Weekend' Camera Bags
Photographers and YouTubers Willem Verbeeck and Allison Simon have partnered with Moment to launch a set of travel bags called "Long Weekend." While the bags aren't "camera bags" in the traditional sense, they are bags that support cameras and photographers.
Verbeek's and Simon's YouTube channel is focused on analog photography and showcases a mixture of photo walk-style videos as well as content focused on film and equipment.
The bags are described as inspired by the long weekend trips that Verbeeck and Simon take, and are a line of crossbody and shoulder bags as well as straps, key tags, and film pouches that are designed with a look that combines "streetwear" and "outdoor culture," according to Moment.
The Line includes the Sedona Sacoche Crossbody Bag, the Santa Fe Shoulder Bag, the Adjustable Camera Neck Strap, the Camera Wrist Strap, the Film Pouch, and the Jet Key Tag. The most expensive item of the bunch is the Shoulder Bag which retails for $50, while the least expensive item is the Jet Key Tag that sells for $10.
Moment describes the project as an exclusive collaboration between Moment and Willem and Allison, and is a project that "lives in the Moment mission," which is to empower creatives.
"From the beginning, Willem and Allison have had a clear vision for a new brand and line of products they wanted to create," Moment writes. "We're honored to be working with them, turning their vision into a reality through the Moment platform."
The idea behind these bags is that they aren't designed to carry much, but are instead light and minimal. The Crossbody, for example, is described as an "extra pocket" that is a simple over-the-shoulder bag to carry necessities like extra film, snacks, or a smartphone. It is made with 500d Recycled Nylon and "technical gridstop," and is described as ready for either rain or sun.
The Santa Fe shoulder bag is slightly larger, but is still small when compared to traditional camera bags. Long Weekend describes it as a "carry everything you need and nothing you don't" kind of bag. It is made from the same materials as the Crossbody and is therefore weatherproof.
The full line of Long weekend bags and accessories can be found on the brand's website.
Analog, Equipment, News
analog, camerabags, film, moment, straps
Moment's Latest 'Long Weekend' Bags Support the Casual Photographer
Comparing Three of the Most Popular Medium Format Color Films
Behind the Scenes: Shooting 8x10 Polaroids of Strangers
Why We Still Love Film: Embracing Analog Photography in the Digital Age
Three Ways We Can Keep Analog Photography Alive


text:
\section{Introduction}

Rotational barriers play a crucial role in the dynamical mechanism of chemical reactions and processes, and influence a plethora of molecular properties and phenomena including fluorescence emission intensity \cite{srujana2016fluorescence}, intersystem crossing \cite{salaneck1989thermochromism} and protein folding \cite{sorokina2016role}. A quantitative description of torsional profiles in conjugated systems is often difficult to achieve in an experiment, but high-level \textit{ab-initio} methods can provide significant insight \cite{fabiano2006torsional,chen2011first,mo2007theoretical,bulat2002theoretical,karpfen1999torsional,viruela1997geometric}. It is particularly important that these numerical approaches yield accurate inter-atomic potentials, as chemical reactions often exhibit complex transition pathways with multiple local minima; notable examples being Diels-Alder reactions, which are often highly regio- and stereoselective \cite{rivero2017computational}.
\\Coupled-cluster theory has emerged as a highly accurate method and is often used as a reference for benchmarking more approximate approaches. However, its computational complexity limits its use to relatively small molecules. Density functional theory (DFT), on the other hand, often offers good computational efficiency and reliability. Various DFT functionals have in fact shown promising performance for torsional profiles, but the inclusion of exact exchange appears to be important for $\pi$-conjugated systems \cite{sancho2001description,chen2011first}. An overview of the existing literature indicates a severe lack of chemical diversity in systems studied so far (Fig. \ref{hist_trend}). Most research thus far has been limited to first and second row elements in the periodic table \cite{imamura1968electronic,bixon1967potential,gorenstein1977torsional,kveseth1978conformational,
allinger1980torsional,van1982torsional,laskowski1985conformational,steele1985ab,darsey1987ab,carpenter1988analysis,caminati1991microwave,bock1991theoretical,
dixon1992torsional,guo1992ab,pelz1993torsional,koput1993torsional,hassett1993torsional,stanton1993ab,mannfors1994torsional,rothlisberger1994performance,hernandez1994ab,orti1995ab,koput1995ab,klopper1995ab,danielson1995conformational,koput1996ab,rothlisberger1996torsional,viruela1997geometric,karpfen1997single,ivanov1997torsional,senent1998ab,viruela1998difficulties,millefiori1998theoretical,graf1998ab,cui1998intermolecular,karpfen1999torsional,tsuzuki1999torsional,bongini1999theoretical,rablen1999hyperconjugation,tsuzuki2000high,koput2000equilibrium,bell2000far,de2000structure,sancho2001description,sancho2001torsional,arulmozhiraja2001torsional,federsel2001structure,shishkov2001trifluoromethoxy,tsuji2001molecular,sancho2001high,senent2001theoretical,sakata2001ab,sancho2001characterizing,sancho2002theoretical,kapustin2002torsion,tonmunphean2002torsional,orlandi2002torsional,pan2002theoretical,raos2003computational,duarte2003ab,klocker2003structure,klocker2003surprisingly,klocker2003trends,fliegl2003ab,cinacchi2003dft,sakata2003ab,halpern2003intrinsic,karpfen2004accurate,csaszar2004ab,miller2004quantum,senent2004ab,sancho2005torsional,perez2005torsional,puzzarini2005ab,kim2005extremely,goodman20051,klauda2005ab,zhou2005fc,mourik2005potential,fabiano2006torsional,hafezi2007study,haworth2007evaluating,chowdary2007vibrationally,sturdy2007torsional,tsuzuki2008conformational,ovsyannikov2008theoretical,de2008torsional,dorofeeva2008molecular,aquilanti2009intramolecular,tuttolomondo2009new,newby2009jet,koroleva2009internal,durig2010conformational,sidir2010ab,beames2011analysis,friesen2011structure,villa2011ccsd,castro2011analysis,blancafort2011quantum,lima2011thermodynamic,alyar2011torsional,hamza2012electronic,lee2012effect,qu2013full,senent2013highly,dakkouri2013theoretical,napolion2013accurate,bloom2014benchmark,planells2014effect,krkeglewski2014inversion,lin2015theoretical,kannengiesser2015acetyl,prashanth2016investigation,prashanth2016molecular,zakharenko2016torsion,deb2017theoretical,shachar2017conformational} and only a few studies considered molecules with other atom types, such as Br\cite{karpfen2004accurate,sidir2010ab}, Ge \cite{klocker2003surprisingly}, As \cite{klocker2003surprisingly}, Se \cite{bloom2014benchmark} and Te \cite{alparone2014structural} (see Figure \ref{hist_trend}). A less biased assessment of the performance of DFT for torsional profiles should cover larger domains of compound space, including molecules with third-row atoms.
\\In this work, we assess the accuracy of a large range of popular density functionals for the description of single bond torsions in glyoxal, oxalyl and thiocarbonyl halides. Our focus is on extending compositional diversity, including heavier halogens (up to Br) in a conjugated carbonyl and thiocarbonyl scaffold (Fig. \ref{hist_trend} in red). The effect of dispersion corrections on torsional profiles is studied as well as custom-tailored atom centered potentials. The latter are shown to also improve the description of $\sigma$-hole based intermolecular binding.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{chem_space.png}
\caption{\label{hist_trend} Chemical diversity of torsional potentials in molecules studied in the literature
\cite{imamura1968electronic,bixon1967potential,gorenstein1977torsional,kveseth1978conformational,
allinger1980torsional,van1982torsional,laskowski1985conformational,steele1985ab,darsey1987ab,carpenter1988analysis,caminati1991microwave,bock1991theoretical,
dixon1992torsional,guo1992ab,pelz1993torsional,koput1993torsional,hassett1993torsional,stanton1993ab,mannfors1994torsional,rothlisberger1994performance,hernandez1994ab,orti1995ab,koput1995ab,klopper1995ab,danielson1995conformational,koput1996ab,rothlisberger1996torsional,viruela1997geometric,karpfen1997single,ivanov1997torsional,senent1998ab,viruela1998difficulties,millefiori1998theoretical,graf1998ab,cui1998intermolecular,karpfen1999torsional,tsuzuki1999torsional,bongini1999theoretical,rablen1999hyperconjugation,tsuzuki2000high,koput2000equilibrium,bell2000far,de2000structure,sancho2001description,sancho2001torsional,arulmozhiraja2001torsional,federsel2001structure,shishkov2001trifluoromethoxy,tsuji2001molecular,sancho2001high,senent2001theoretical,sakata2001ab,sancho2001characterizing,sancho2002theoretical,kapustin2002torsion,tonmunphean2002torsional,orlandi2002torsional,pan2002theoretical,raos2003computational,duarte2003ab,klocker2003structure,klocker2003surprisingly,klocker2003trends,fliegl2003ab,cinacchi2003dft,sakata2003ab,halpern2003intrinsic,karpfen2004accurate,csaszar2004ab,miller2004quantum,senent2004ab,sancho2005torsional,perez2005torsional,puzzarini2005ab,kim2005extremely,goodman20051,klauda2005ab,zhou2005fc,mourik2005potential,fabiano2006torsional,hafezi2007study,haworth2007evaluating,chowdary2007vibrationally,sturdy2007torsional,tsuzuki2008conformational,ovsyannikov2008theoretical,de2008torsional,dorofeeva2008molecular,aquilanti2009intramolecular,tuttolomondo2009new,newby2009jet,koroleva2009internal,durig2010conformational,sidir2010ab,beames2011analysis,friesen2011structure,villa2011ccsd,castro2011analysis,blancafort2011quantum,lima2011thermodynamic,alyar2011torsional,hamza2012electronic,lee2012effect,qu2013full,senent2013highly,dakkouri2013theoretical,napolion2013accurate,bloom2014benchmark,planells2014effect,krkeglewski2014inversion,alparone2014structural,lin2015theoretical,kannengiesser2015acetyl,prashanth2016investigation,prashanth2016molecular,zakharenko2016torsion,deb2017theoretical,shachar2017conformational}(blue) and in this work (red). Vertical and horizontal axes correspond to averaged atomic charges and inter-atomic distances, respectively. Select examples are shown as insets.
}
\end{figure}

\section{Computational details}

Torsional energy profiles $E(\Theta)$ were obtained through restricted geometry optimizations in which the torsional angle $\Theta = \Theta_{X\textrm{CC}\textit{Y}} =\Theta_{A\textrm{CC}\textit{B}}$ ($A, B$: oxygen or sulfur, $X, Y$: hydrogen or halogen) is kept constant and carbon atoms remain in the plane of their three bonded neighbors. The entire range of 0$^{\circ} < \Theta < 180^{\circ}$ was scanned in steps of $\Delta \Theta$ = 20$^{\circ}$. Note that $E(360^{\circ} - \Theta) = E(\Theta$), follows from the applied constraints. Calculations were carried out with Gaussian09 \cite{g09}, using Hartree-Fock\cite{slater1951simplification} as well as the following density functional approximations: LDA (SVWN5\cite{slater1951simplification,vosko1980accurate}), GGA (PW91\cite{perdew1991electronic}, PBE \cite{perdew1996generalized}, BLYP \cite{becke1988density,lee1988development}, BP86 \cite{becke1988density,perdew1986density}), mGGA (TPSS \cite{tao2003climbing}, M06L \cite{zhao2006new}), hGGA (PBE0 \cite{adamo1999toward}, B3LYP \cite{becke1988density,lee1988development,stephens1994ab}), mhGGA (M05 \cite{zhao2005exchange}, M06 \cite{zhao2008m06}, M05-2X \cite{zhao2006design}, M06-2X \cite{zhao2008m06}, M06-HF \cite{zhao2008m06}), RS (CAM-B3LYP \cite{yanai2004new}, M11 \cite{peverati2011improving}). The def2QZVPP \cite{weigend2005balanced} basis set was used throughout and parametric dispersion corrections (D3 \cite{grimme2010consistent}) were used in some cases.
\\Additional plane-wave (PW) calculations were carried out for the PBE and BLYP functionals, using VASP \cite{kresse1996efficient,kresse1999ultrasoft} and CPMD \cite{hutter2005car}, respectively. MBD (Many Body Dispersion\cite{tkatchenko2012accurate}, for PBE) and DCACP \cite{von2004optimization,lin2007library} (Dispersion Corrected Atom-Centered Potential, for BLYP) corrections were used as indicated in Section 3.
MBD calculations were carried out using VASP in a box with size 14$\times$14$\times$10\: \AA$^3$\: (1$\times$1$\times$1 $\Gamma$-centered k-point grid) and a cutoff of 600\:eV. DCACP energies were calculated using a unit cell of (14\:\AA$)^3$\: and a cutoff of 200\:Ry with isolated boundary conditions.
\\Torsion corrected atom-centered potentials (TCACP) were constructed for PBE in analogy to other ACPs, following previously introduced optimization procedures \cite{von2005variational,lilienfeld2013force}. The TCACP is added to Goedecker's norm-conserving potentials \cite{goedecker1996separable} and shares the analytical form of its non-local part. The penalty function $P$ is computed according to
\begin{equation}
P = \frac{1}{N}\sum_i^N |E_i^{\rm{CCSD(T)}} -  E^{\rm{PBE+TCACP}}_i|
\label{penalty}
\end{equation}
\\where $i$ runs over all $N=90$ conformations used in the training set. The penalty is minimized using the Nelder-Mead simplex-downhill algorithm \cite{lilienfeld2013force, von2004optimization, nelder1965simplex}, optimizing parameters corresponding to distance \cite{goedecker1996separable} $r_{l=3}$ from the position of the nuclei and amplitude\cite{goedecker1996separable} $h^{l=3}_{11}$. Parameterization of TCACPs was carried out with CPMD using a box size of (14\:\AA$)^3$\: and a 150\:Ry cutoff with isolated boundary conditions.
\\Binding energies with TCACPs were calculated using a cutoff of 150\:Ry and cell dimensions of 24$\times$17$\times$14\:\AA$^3$\: for oxalyl bromide-water and of 26$\times$19$\times$14\:\AA$^3$\: for the oxalyl bromide dimer. Cohesive energies as a function of a lattice scan were calculated for the oxalyl bromide crystal structure (2 molecules/unit cell) using Quantum Espresso \cite{giannozzi2009quantum} (PBE, PBE+TCACP) and VASP (PBE+MBD) with a $3\times3\times3$ $\Gamma$-centered k-point grid and a cutoff of 200\:Ry and 600\:eV, respectively. Experimental data was used for the crystal structure geometry and the initial unit cell dimensions, which was subsequently multiplied by a scaling factor $f$, ranging from 0.85 to 1.5.
\\CCSD(T) \cite{purvis1982full,raghavachari1989fifth} energies were calculated using Molpro \cite{werner2002molpro} and correlation-consistent basis sets \cite{dunning1989gaussian,woon1993gaussian} for M05-2X optimized geometries.

\section{Results and Discussion}
\subsection{CCSD(T) convergence test}

CCSD(T), often considered to be the gold standard of quantum chemistry, has been chosen as a reference level to judge the quality of density functional calculations. A basis set convergence analysis has been performed for one representative case (Table \ref{ccsdt_converge}). Oxalyl bromide was chosen for this purpose since the two heavy bromine atoms are likely to pose more severe problems to convergence than lighter halogens, and the $C_2$ symmetry allows us to go to the basis set limit without undue computational effort.
\begin{table}[t]
\caption{CCSD(T) basis set convergence: Potential energy difference of oxalyl bromide between dihedral angles $\Theta$ = 80$^{\circ}$ and $\Theta$ = 180$^{\circ}$ (in kcal/mol).}

\begin{adjustbox}{width=1.05\linewidth}
\begin{tabular}{ c c c| c c c  }
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\LARGE{Scheme A}} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\LARGE{Scheme B}}\\
 \multicolumn{3}{c}{\LARGE{Valence \textit{sp} electrons correlated}} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\LARGE{Valence \textit{sp} and 3\textit{d} (Br) electrons correlated}}\\\hline
\rule{0pt}{5ex
\LARGE{ X }& \LARGE{ cc-pVXZ }& \LARGE{ aug-cc-pVXZ} & \LARGE{X} & \LARGE{  cc-pVXZ} & \LARGE{ aug-cc-pVXZ } \\\hline
\rule{0pt}{5ex
\LARGE{D} & \huge{1.86}  & \huge{0.41} & \huge{D} & \huge{1.73} & \huge{0.41} \\
\rule{0pt}{5ex
\LARGE{T}& \huge{0.61}  & \huge{0.53} &\huge{T} & \huge{0.61}  & \huge{0.62} \\
\rule{0pt}{5ex
\LARGE{Q} & \huge{0.49}  &  \huge{0.54} & \huge{Q} & \huge{0.52}  & \huge{0.81} \\
\rule{0pt}{5ex
\LARGE{5}& \huge{0.47}  & \huge{0.55} & \huge{5} & \huge{0.47}  & \huge{0.71}  \\
\rule{0pt}{5ex
\LARGE{CBS (Q5)} & \huge{0.51} & \huge{0.56} & \huge{CBS (Q5)} & \huge{0.47} & \huge{0.58}
\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{adjustbox}
\label{ccsdt_converge}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[tp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.26]
{chem_space_class.png}
\caption{\label{chemSpace} Overview of all molecules. Top, middle and bottom panels correspond to torsional profile classes displayed in Figure \ref{classes}. Three representative molecules from each class were used to parametrize torsion corrected atom-centered potentials (TCACP) shown in right column.}

\end{figure}

This choice, unfortunately, limits our test to valence-only correlation as there are no core-valence polarized basis sets (cc-pCVXZ \cite{woon1993gaussian,woon1995gaussian} or cc-pwCVXZ \cite{peterson2002accurate}) available for Br, which would recover core-valence correlation effects reliably. We have still considered two different valence-correlation schemes, one (A) correlating only valence \textit{s} and \textit{p} electrons (default in Molpro), the other (B) additionally considering 3\textit{d}-electrons of Br (default in Gaussian09 \cite{g09}). Results obtained with standard correlation-consistent basis sets \cite{dunning1989gaussian,woon1993gaussian,woon1995gaussian} are collected in Table \ref{ccsdt_converge} for the energy difference $E(80^{\circ}) - E(180^{\circ}$), the latter being the global minimum and the former a very shallow secondary minimum.
\\Regular cc-pVXZ basis sets obviously show substantially overestimated potential energies for X=D, but smooth convergence from X=T onwards, with an extrapolated \cite{ref_dirk} value of around 0.5 kcal/mol for both correlation schemes (A) and (B). Diffuse-augmentation expectedly leads to much improved results for the smallest basis set (X=D), and to essentially converged numbers for X=T in correlation scheme (A), but surprisingly causes convergence problems if 3$d$ electrons are correlated as well (scheme B). It is reassuring to see, however, that (Q5) extrapolation to the complete-basis-set limit leads to a value (0.58 kcal/mol) that is in good agreement with the other extrapolated values.
\\The particularly smooth convergence of aug-cc-pVXZ \cite{kendall1992electron} for correlation scheme (A) has prompted us to employ valence-\textit{sp}-correlated CCSD(T) with the relatively small aug-cc-pVTZ basis set (also referred to as AVTZ below) as a reference standard for all molecules included in this study (See Fig. \ref{chemSpace}).

\subsection{DFT results}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{plot_classes_3_.png}
\caption{\label{classes} Classification of torsional potentials based on their shape as predicted by CCSD(T). Specific CCSD(T) and DFT results are given for one representative molecule per class.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{scat.png}
\caption{ Scatter plots (DFT vs. CCSD(T)) of potential energies of all molecules in Fig. \ref{chemSpace} and for ten torsional angles, each relative to the energy for the conformation predicted to be the absolute minimum at the CCSD(T) level. Class I, II, and III profiles are shown in blue, green, and red, respectively. Correspondingly colored error distributions (DFT-CCSD(T)) are shown in insets. Sec. 3.3 for a discussion of PBE+TCACP.}
\label{scatter_}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{Overall performance}

The reliability of HF and popular DFT functionals was benchmarked against CCSD(T) results for the description of torsional potentials of 36 glyoxal, thiocarbonyl and (methanethioyl)-formaldehyde halides (Fig. \ref{chemSpace}). Torsional potentials at the CCSD(T) level may be grouped into three classes (Figs. \ref{chemSpace} and \ref{classes}). Systems with light halogens or hydrogen exhibit the conventional minima for $cis$ and $trans$ conformations that are stabilized by $\pi$-conjugation (class I). Substitution with heavier halogens with larger atomic radii introduces steric repulsion \cite{kim2005extremely}, which can only be relieved in non-planar conformations. We observe cases with only one minimum for orthogonal conformations (class III) and intermediate cases where only the $cis$ conformation becomes a transition state (class II). Here the $trans$ conformation remains the global minimum and it is typically augmented by a very shallow minimum for nearly orthogonal conformations. Class III compounds always contain at least one sulfur atom as well as chlorine and/or bromine. The very common GGA (PBE, BLYP) and hybrid (B3LYP, PBE0) density functionals are in qualitative agreement with CCSD(T) for classes I and III, but fail to reproduce the shape of class II torsional profiles (Fig. \ref{classes}).
\\Before scrutinizing differences between DFT and CCSD(T) one should note that any form of statistical analysis will crucially depend on the choice of reference point for the energy. One may shift DFT and CCSD(T) torsional profiles relative to each other such that the root mean squared deviation between DFT and CCSD(T) energies, sampled along the complete reaction coordinate, is minimized. This would allow for a ranking of functionals in terms of their overall accuracy.
\\Here we have deliberately chosen a different approach, namely to take that geometry of a molecule as a reference that turns out to be the global minimum at the CCSD(T) level. $\Delta E$ is then defined to be 0 for that geometry, not only at the CCSD(T) level but also at all DFT levels. This choice highlights problems of density functionals to account for the shape of a torsional profile and emphasizes errors in recovering torsional barriers.
\\Following this choice of reference, Figure \ref{scatter_} shows scatter plots of nine functionals vs. CCSD(T) for all molecules and angles (ten per molecule), as well as corresponding error distributions. Clearly most functionals overestimate the barriers of class III potentials (red) and underestimate them for class I potentials (blue). Their strong bias towards lower energies for class II potentials (green) indicates their tendency to overstabilize orthogonal geometries to the extent that these often become the global minimum (compare with Fig. \ref{classes}). Particularly serious problems are spotted for GGAs (PBE, BLYP), while the highly parametrized M05-2X performs well.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.40]{mae_2.png}
\caption{ Mean absolute error (MAE, solid bars) and maximum absolute errors per molecule, averaged over all molecules of a given class (MaxAE, shaded bars). See caption of Fig. \ref{scatter_} further details. PBE+TCACP results (Sec. 3.3) are shown in yellow. Solid lines at 0.25 kcal/mol indicate errors that we consider acceptable for reasonable qualitative accuracy.}
\label{mae_}
\end{figure}

 \begin{figure}[t]
 \centering

 \includegraphics[scale=0.45]{OOBrBr_dft.png
 \caption{\label{bad_profile_worst} Torsional profile of oxalyl bromide (class II) obtained with popular density functionals and compared to CCSD(T) (in black).}
 \end{figure}

For the same choice of reference point, Figure \ref{mae_} provides a statistical analysis of DFT energies relative to CCSD(T) for 17 functionals. Solid color bars illustrate the error averaged over all conformations of all molecules within the corresponding class of torsional profile. Shaded color bars indicate the maximum error, found for any conformation of a molecule and averaged over all molecules within a class (MaxAE).
\\The small energy range of torsional potentials certainly requires an accuracy better than 0.25 kcal/mol in order to ensure a correct description of torsion. LDA shows a surprisingly small MAE of about 0.3 kcal/mol. One would hope for improvement upon climbing "Jacob's ladder \cite{perdew2001jacob}", however, the reverse is true. GGAs clearly perform worse than LDA, and the meta-hybrid M05 shows even larger errors. Large MaxAE values are particularly worrisome for class II profiles, they indicate spurious exaggeration of energy minima at orthogonal confirmation and thus a qualitatively wrong description. The range separated functionals (CAM-B3LYP and M11) show promising MAE but large MaxAE for class III indicate that they are unreliable for predicting barrier heights. Only M05-2X and M06-2X meta-hybrid functionals deliver acceptable results.

\subsubsection{Oxalyl bromide}
Having assessed the general performance of DFT methods, we now scrutinize results for oxalyl bromide (Fig. \ref{bad_profile_worst}) as class II representative. CCSD(T) shows a very flat surface between $\Theta = 80^{\circ}$ and $\Theta = 140^{\circ}$. Close inspection indicates a very shallow minimum around $\Theta = 80^{\circ}$ and an equally shallow transition state at around $\Theta = 120^{\circ}$. Unconstrained optimization at M05-2X/def2QZVPP affords a minimum at $\Theta = 87.36^{\circ}$ and a maximum at $\Theta = 112.93^{\circ}$. Subsequent force constant analysis confirms the stationary points to be true a minimum and a true transition state, respectively. The corresponding barrier is very small, however (0.153 kcal/mol), and reduced further at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//M05-2X/def2QZVPP level (0.04 kcal/mol). A definitive judgment on the existence of these intermediate points is therefore not attainable \cite{min_ts}.
\\Hartree-Fock behaves reasonably for the overall shape of the potential, but overestimates the $cis$ to $trans$ barrier; it shows a very flat potential between $\Theta=80^{\circ}$ and $140^{\circ}$ without extremal points. Many density functionals, however, predict deep and often global minima for perpendicular geometries. This is observed for LDA as well as for several popular density functionals of various rungs on Jacob's ladder, including mGGAs (TPSS), hGGAs (PBE0, B3LYP), and mhGGAs (M06, M06-HF). The GGAs (PBE, BLYP, PW91, BP86) and the meta-hybrid M05 functionals perform particularly poorly as they fail to reproduce the $trans$-minimum ($\Theta=180^{\circ}$). M06L is the best among the non-hybrid functionals, but only meta-hybrid (M05-2X, M06-2X) and range-separated (CAM-B3LYP) functionals manage to reproduce the finer details of the CCSD(T) reference. Similar trends are found across all molecules of class II and III as well as some cases of class I (all torsional profiles are given in the Supporting Information).
\\One possible explanation for the failure of GGA functionals would be the presence of a small HOMO-LUMO gap at $\Theta \sim 80^{\circ}$, responsible for spurious charge transfer into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. However, we calculated a sizable gap of $\sim$ 3 eV ruling out this initial suspicion.
\\Considering that the interatomic separation between the two Br atoms in oxalyl bromide ranges from 3.3\:\AA\: to 4.7\:\AA \: in different conformations, one may further suspect a significant contribution of intramolecular dispersion interactions to the shape of torsional profiles. Figure \ref{corrections} shows torsional profiles calculated using popular dispersion corrections, namely: D3 \cite{grimme2010consistent}, Many Body Dispersion (MBD)\cite{tkatchenko2012accurate} and Dispersion Corrected Atom Centered Potentials (DCACP) \cite{von2004optimization,lin2007library}. None of the corrections improve the results of standard GGAs. In fact, they all increase the deviation from CCSD(T). Furthermore, inspection of D3 dispersion corrections reveals maximal contributions for $80^{\circ} \leq \Theta \leq 100^{\circ}$, for which the Br-Br distance approaches the typical van der Waals minimum ($r_{\rm{Br-Br}} \approx 3.7$\AA). This explains the deepening of the spurious minimum. Consequently, lack of dispersion does not seem to cause the observed problems.
\\The real culprit instead appears to be the delocalization error. A pragmatic approach to reduce it is to include exact or Hartree-Fock exchange (HFx). The optimal admixture of exact exchange is $\sim$50\% (also used in the best functionals M05-2X, M06-2X, Figs. \ref{scatter_} - \ref{bad_profile_worst}). This observation is in agreement with earlier reports for conjugated double bonds \cite{ sancho2003assessment, sutton2014accurate}. Upon increasing the exact exchange further, the accuracy for torsional barriers is impaired again (M06-HF, HF).
We tested this further by defining a functional (PBE-2X) that adds 56\% of exact exchange to standard PBE. This functional uses the same amount of exact exchange as M05-2X does and Fig. \ref{bad_profile_worst} shows that it is almost as accurate as the latter in reproducing the reference CCSD(T) torsional profile of oxalyl bromide. Additional tests indicate that any reduction or increase of exact exchange worsens the results of PBE-2X (data not shown).

 \begin{figure}[tp]
 \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{corrections.png
 \caption{\label{corrections} Torsional profile of oxalyl bromide calculated with GGA functionals (PBE, BLYP), with and without TCACP or dispersion corrections (D3, DCACP and MBD), CCSD and CCSD(T).  }
 \end{figure}

\begin{table*}[t]
\caption{TCACP parameters [a.u.] for use in PBE functional}
\begin{tabular}{ l c c c c c c r }
 \multicolumn{7}{c}{} \\\hline
   & C & O & S & F & Cl & Br  \\\hline
 $r_{l=3}$ & 3.13  & 1.58 & 1.82 & 0.54 & 0.40 & 2.41 \\
 $h^{l=3}_{11}$ & $5.41\times10^{-4}$  & $-8.06\times10^{-3}$ & $-6.95\times10^{-3}$  & $7.04\times10^{-4}$  & $1.94\times10^{-3}$  & $-2.18\times10^{-3}$  \\\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{params}
\end{table*}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{diff_oobrbr_80_ccsd_pbe.png
\\
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{diff_oobrbr_80_tcacp_pbe.png}
\caption{\label{dens} Density difference plots for oxalyl bromide at $\Theta=80^{\circ}$: PBE versus CCSD (top) and versus PBE+TCACP (bottom). The range at which the TCACPs reach their maximum is illustrated by cyan circles. Isosurface density differences ($\pm0.0001$ a.u.) are given as insets.}
\end{figure}

\subsection{TCACP corrections}

While some hybrid density functionals (M05-2X, M06-2X, PBE-2X) can provide satisfactory descriptions of torsional profiles, the calculation of exact exchange makes them computationally inefficient for use with plane-wave basis sets. PWs are predominantly employed in condensed phase studies where functionals at the GGA level are a common compromise between efficiency and accuracy. Improvements for GGA based predictions on atom centered corrections (typically implemented in the form of pseudo potentials) were found for various properties, such as London dispersion \cite{von2004optimization,von2005variational,lin2007library,dilabio2008accurate}, vibrational frequencies\cite{lilienfeld2013force}, band gaps \cite{christensen1984electronic,segev2007self,von2008structure}, and relativistic effects \cite{bachelet1982relativistic,dolg2011relativistic}. Therefore, we have studied if one can improve the PBE prediction of rotational profiles using custom generated torsion corrected atom centered potentials (TCACP).

\subsubsection{Calibration}
Torsion corrected effective potentials are optimized for C, O, S, F, Cl and Br (Table \ref{params}). As a training set we used 10 energies each along the torsional profiles of nine molecules, selected from all three classes (Fig. \ref{chemSpace}, right column). The optimized parameters (shown in Table \ref{params}) indicate distance $r$ and magnitude $h$ at which the PBE+TCACP calculations reach maximum agreement with the reference. Note that TCACPs centered on Cl and F peak at $\sim$ 0.5 Bohr from the nuclei, whereas for larger atoms, such as Br, S and O, as well as C, $r$ is larger than 1.5 Bohr (Fig. \ref{dens}, shown for O, Br, and C in cyan circles). Further note that corrections centered on Br have opposite sign compared to other halogens. A positive (negative) $h$ indicates that the original PBE exchange-correlation underestimates (overestimates) the reference energy.

\subsubsection{Electron density}
One might expect that TCACPs improve on density functional
descriptions through correction of electron densities. Analysis
of density differences, however, disproves this
hypothesis, at least for the case examined. Although
TCACPs successfully eliminate the fairly large energy error for
oxalyl bromide at $\Theta$ = 80$^{\circ}$ (Fig. \ref{corrections}), as discussed below, the density difference generated (Fig. \ref{dens}, bottom) is not only much smaller but also largely of opposite sign compared to the one calculated with CCSD as reference (Fig. \ref{dens}, top). We assume that the use of CCSD instead of CCSD(T) as reference is reasonable, as both methods produce very similar energy curves (Fig. \ref{corrections}). We must, therefore, conclude that TCACPs act directly through a change in the external potential, rather than indirectly through a mediated change of electron density.

\subsubsection{Geometry and frequencies}
For general use, it is important to show that TCACPs do not negatively affect other already well-described properties, such as equilibrium geometries and vibrational frequencies. Tests were performed for oxalyl bromide in $cis$, $gauche$, and $trans$ conformations (results not shown in detail). Addition of TCACPs changes bond lengths by less than 0.01 \AA \: and angles by less than 0.3$^{\circ}$. Vibrational frequencies are affected by 32 cm$^{-1}$ at most and 23 cm$^{-1}$ on average. Changes of this order are insignificant for most applications, suggesting that the addition of TCACPs to PBE does not lead to adverse side effects.

\begin{figure*}[t]
    \centering

        \includegraphics[scale=0.285]{ob_h2o.png}

       \label{b_en}

    \hfill

        \includegraphics[scale=0.285]{dimer_180.png}

     \label{dimer_en}

    \hfill

        \includegraphics[scale=0.285]{crystal_en.png}

    \label{crystal}

    \caption{ \label{bind_en} Interaction energy curves of oxalyl bromide with water a), dimer b), and in crystal structure c) obtained using PBE with and without corrections and compared to M052X and CCSD(T) (a, b). Experimental geometry \cite{groth1962crystal,damm1965dioxan} has been used in c), and energies are shown as a function of $f$, the ratio between assumed and experimental lattice constant.}
\end{figure*}

\subsubsection{Torsional profiles}

Results obtained from PBE+TCACP are included in Figs. \ref{scatter_}, \ref{mae_} and \ref{corrections}. They all show that TCACPs lead to the desired improvement in the description of rotational profiles. Figure \ref{corrections} illustrates for oxalyl bromide how TCACPs correct the qualitatively wrong profile and a reach good agreement with CCSD(T). The effect is most pronounced for intermediate values of $\Theta$. The corrected functional PBE+TCACP still underestimates the barrier by about 1 kcal/mol, but it clearly shows the overall best performance of all GGA functionals. Note that our test case, oxalyl bromide, was not even included in the TCACP training set (Fig. \ref{chemSpace}). Figure \ref{scatter_}, reporting correlation and error distributions on par with M05-2X, indicates that the corrections are transferable to all molecules included.
\\Further evidence for the overall good performance of TCACP corrections is obtained from Fig. \ref{mae_}: The relatively large PBE error is reduced to less than 0.25 kcal/mol (black line), which is the threshold we used to identify qualitatively satisfying results. The MaxAE is now within the range of 0.5 kcal/mol for all types of torsional profile, which is below the MAE of any of the GGAs, and even lower than some of the hybrid and meta-hybrid functionals. The complete set of profiles given in the Supporting Information corroborates the overall good performance among all molecules studied.
\\All these observations suggest that TCACP corrections are a suitable empirical way to rectify some of PBE's shortcomings in modeling torsional profiles.

\subsubsection{Intermolecular interactions}
After studying the performance of TCACPs for torsional potentials, we were curious to assess their effect on intermolecular interactions.
To keep in line with our general choice of test cases, we are again considering oxalyl bromide, now a) in complex with water, b) as a dimer, and c) as a crystal (Fig. \ref{bind_en}), which are all thought to benefit from $\sigma$-hole-binding \cite{politzer2007sigma}. CCSD(T) was used as a binding energy reference in the first two cases but is computationally prohibitive for studying the crystal. No experimental data is available for the cohesive energy of the crystal, restricting us to a qualitative discussion based on the experimental geometry \cite{damm1965dioxan,groth1962crystal} only.
\\PBE underestimates binding energies in all three cases (Fig. \ref{bind_en}), and shows hardly any minimum for the oxalyl bromide dimer or the crystal. M05-2X definitely performs better for the complex with water but still falls short of expectations for the dimer. Crystal structure energy evaluation with M05-2X would be computationally too demanding and have thus not been attempted.
\\Dispersion corrections (MBD, D3) remedy the shortcomings of PBE for the water complex and reach the good performance of M05-2X. In the case of PBE, they also lead to an improved description of the dimer. They show little effect for M05-2X. The crystal structure, finally, benefits from dispersion corrections to PBE, as the PBE+MBD energy minimum is now obtained for the experimental lattice constant.
\\Although parametrized for torsional potentials only, TCACPs also help to improve binding energy curves. They correct the underbinding of the water complex observed with PBE and improve on the description of the dimer and the crystal. Agreement with the CCSD(T) reference for the dimer is actually a little better for PBE+TCACP than for dispersion-corrected PBE, where the crystal lattice constant may be slightly underestimated. Overall both types of correction perform quite similarly. This might indicate that TCACP unintentionally picks up some of the dispersion missing in PBE.
This explanation would be consistent with the above observation
that electron densities are affected very little, giving little
reason to believe that the beneficial effect of TCACPs is due to an improved representation of electrostatic interactions.

\section{Conclusions}

The performance of popular density functional methods was assessed for the description of torsional profiles of 36 molecules: Glyoxal and oxalyl halides, and their thiocarbonyl derivatives. Reference calculations at the CCSD(T) level show that the choice of halogen determines the shape of the profile, and three distinct classes of profile have been identified.
\\Density functionals often fail to reproduce barriers accurately and even show qualitatively incorrect profiles for molecules belonging to class II. The initial suspicion that spurious charge transfer might cause the problems could not be substantiated. Lack of dispersion was also ruled out because the tested dispersion corrections (D3 \cite{grimme2010consistent}, MBD \cite{tkatchenko2012accurate}, DCACP \cite{von2004optimization,lin2007library}) only worsened the predictions.
\\Further analysis shows that GGA as well as the meta-hybrid M05 functionals perform worst and that addition of about 50\% exact exchange cures most of the problems. Larger amounts of exact exchange tend to impair the accuracy again. The treatment of exchange interactions is thus identified as the core problem of DFT in reproducing torsional barriers of glyoxal derivatives substituted with sulfur and/or heavier halogens.
This explanation is consistent with the fact that PBE-2X results in a vastly improved rotational profiles for oxalyl bromide.
\\Inclusion of exact exchange, unfortunately, precludes DFT calculations with plane wave basis sets as they demand pure functionals for computational efficiency, particularly in large-scale materials applications. Torsion-corrected atom-centered potentials, TCACPs, have been found to provide a simple, empirical way out of this dilemma. With only 2 parameters per element, they improve the accuracy of standard PBE to a level comparable to the best hybrid functional (M05-2X). TCACPs work well also for molecules outside the training set, and they have little effect on other properties, such as optimized geometries, vibrational frequencies, and electron density distributions. Although parametrized for torsional potentials, TCACPs also improve intermolecular binding potentials, at least for the limited number of test cases studied so far.

\section{Acknowledgment}
The authors thank S. Willitsch, D.~Alf\`e, and A.~Tkatchenko for suggesting cis-trans isomerism, Quantum Monte Carlo calculations, and discussions, respectively.
O.A.v.L. acknowledges funding from the Swiss National Science foundation (No.~PP00P2\_138932, 310030\_160067). This research was partly supported by the NCCR MARVEL, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Some calculations were performed at sciCORE (http://scicore.unibas.ch/) scientific computing core facility at University of Basel.

\bibliographystyle{apsrev4-1}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The data saved to database by using radiobutton and checkbox in DOT NET by prabagaran s.
This video demonstrates how to create a pie chart on a RDLC report in ASP.Net with SQL Server using C# code.
Listview control in asp.net using c#. This tutorial helps you to create a listview using c# step by step.


Ahh Frogurt, mentioned so often in the official podcasts, but thankfully not seen in the show itself very often.
Hurley is sneaking away from a tent on the beach when he's confronted by Neil aka 'Frogurt' (can't recall why he's called Frogurt off the top of my head though). Hurley is a little startled and drops a bottle of wine that he's just "borrowed" from Rose and Bernard's tent.
So it's fairly clear when this little snippet took place, it was when Hurley and Libby were getting prepared for their 'date', Hurley said he'd get the wine and Libby went back to the hatch to get some blankets. She got the blankets, but she also witnessed Michael shooting Ana-Lucia, and in what I think was probably a reflex action Michael shot her as well when she walked in.


Use RTU Ķīpsalas swimming pool Single visit instead of %oldName% as your new goal?
Our huge 50 m swimming pool is perfect for serious swimmers as well as intermediates and novices. Use this one time swimming pool ticket to relax after a long day or start it with a fresh leap into water.


text:
World's First Hydrogen Powered Boat Docks in London
October 23, 2019 / CSA Executive Director
The world's first hydrogen powered boat has docked in London, the last stop of its European tour. The 30-meter Energy Observer acts as a "floating lab" for testing green maritime technology. It harnesses electricity from three renewable energies—hydrogen, solar and wind—to propel the boat and charge its batteries.
Using this electricity, the vessel has sailed to 25 countries at 18,000 nautical miles since leaving Saint-Malo, France, in 2017.
"Millions of boats are transporting everything from what we're wearing, to what we eat, to what we put over our heads. Everything is transported via maritime transport," says crewmember Amelie Conty. "So, it's really important that we find a solution to limit their impact on the planet."
The Energy Observer doesn't emit CO2, fine particles or even make noise. It is covered with 168 square meters of solar panels and its 12-meter high "Oceanwings" harness wind power, while propellers harness wave power to generate electricity.
But, most notably, Energy Observer is claimed to be the first vessel in the world that's capable of producing its own hydrogen on board, via seawater electrolysis, when renewable energy isn't available.
The vessel harnesses hydrogen power by pumping seawater onboard. After removing salt and minerals, it goes through an electrolyzer, which breaks H2O into its simple elements, oxygen and hydrogen with the hydrogen stored for when renewable energy is not available. An onboard fuel cell uses the hydrogen to generate electric and thermal power.
The crew of the Energy Observer recently viewed the impact of climate change first hand, sailing up to the island of Spitsbergen in Norway's Svalbard archipelago.
"We were able to observe the problem of global warming through the melting glaciers," says captain Victorien Erussard. "Simple as that. We could actually see, from photos that had been taken of the glaciers, say, 100 years ago, and what's there today."
But at a price of around $6.68 million, the technology isn't yet affordable for a great deal of the maritime industry. That will eventually change, claims Erussard.
"It's like all new technologies. Televisions, at the beginning, were really expensive. But then, as more and more people bought televisions, they would become a lot cheaper with each passing year," he says.
"With this it's the same. Hydrogen technology at the moment is between two and four times more expensive than thermal propulsion, than thermal motors. But I think in a few years we'll reduce that price."
Energy Observer was created and is financed by a group of public and private stakeholders, including automaker Toyota.
Watch a video of the Energy Observer at https://www.euronews.com/2019/10/14/watch-world-s-first-hydrogen-powered-boat-docks-in-london
← "Orange" You Excited for SLAC's New X-Ray Laser?
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HAINES CITY - The man who shot two people outside of the Mi Mexico Sports is still at large. Two men were shot at 1:25 a.m. Sunday inside the bar, located at 519 Jones Ave. One man died at the scene and another man was transported to the Lakeland Regional Medical Center, according to a Haines City police report.
HAINES CITY - The man who shot two people outside of the Mi Mexico Sports is still at large.
Two men were shot at 1:25 a.m. Sunday inside the bar, located at 519 Jones Ave. One man died at the scene and another man was transported to the Lakeland Regional Medical Center, according to a Haines City police report.
The suspect is described as a Hispanic man, in his early 20s, between 5 feet, 5 inches and 5 feet, 9 inches tall. He weighs about 150 pounds, has short hair and was wearing a white pullover shirt and jean shorts, according to police.
Antonio Bahena Toledo, 24, was treated for a gunshot wound to the face and released from Lakeland Regional Medical Center, police said.
Fernando Tenjhay, 26, of 2338 Conner Road in Haines City, received more than one gunshot wound and was found dead by police at the scene.
Anyone with information in this case should call Haines City Police Detective Terry Giffin or Sgt. Jay Hopwood at 863-421-3636. Or to remain anonymous, call the tips line at 863-419-3257.


Come join Amptec and DiGiCo for the launch event of the new DiGiCo Quantum 7 engine.
Quantum expands DiGiCo's flagship SD7 console to over 640 channels of processing with up to 3000 potential in- and outputs.
Get familiar with "Nodal Processing" which can be applied to any node on the auxiliary section of the console, allowing engineers to send unique processing on each aux send.
Discover the SD7T Quantum setup for musical 40-45 and get the audioteam's inside story on how Quantum 7 and Nodal Processing are applied in this huge production using only one audio console.


text:
Mongolia lawmakers seek to rewrite Oyu Tolgoi deal – by Munkhchimeg Davaasharav (Reuters U.S. – April 4, 2019)
April 5, 2019 in Asia Mining, Canada Mining, Copper, International Media Resource Articles, Rio Tinto
https://www.reuters.com/
ULAANBAATAR, April 5 (Reuters) – A group of Mongolian legislators has recommended one of the agreements underpinning Rio Tinto's Oyu Tolgoi copper mine should be scrapped and another changed, adding to the giant project's political problems.
The Gobi desert copper deposit promises to become one of Rio Tinto's most lucrative properties, but it has been subject to repeated challenges from politicians who argue the spoils of the country's mining boom are not being evenly shared.
It has also been at the centre of an anti-corruption investigation that has seen the arrest of two former prime ministers and a former finance minister.
The original 2009 Oyu Tolgoi Investment Agreement granted 34 percent of the project to the Mongolian government and 66 percent to Canada's Ivanhoe Mines, now known as Turquoise Hill Resources and majority-owned by Rio Tinto.
Nationalist politicians have repeatedly called for the deal to be adjusted in Mongolia's favour. Terbishdagva Dendev, head of a parliamentary working group set up last year to review the implementation of the Oyu Tolgoi agreements, told reporters this week the group had concluded the original 2009 deal should be revised.
For the rest of this article: https://www.reuters.com/article/mining-mongolia-oyutolgoi/mongolia-lawmakers-seek-to-rewrite-oyu-tolgoi-deal-idUSL8N21M4EV
Northern spending pays off, MAC report shows – by Don Wall (Journal of Commerce – April 5, 2019)
After a long stint at Barrick Gold, Kelvin Dushnisky finally gets to run his own show, in South Africa, and it's a biggie – by Eric Reguly (Globe and Mail – April 5, 2019)


text:
ROLF EKROTH
The Finnish designer Rolf Ekroth founds his brand in 2016, immediately after ending his education. Before approaching the world of fashion, the designer studied psychology and social work, did all kind of different sales jobs and also played poker professionally for three years. His interest in fashion, however, was developed much earlier. In 1994, he began to transform sports outfits into something completely different, something that today, it is called Rolf Ekroth. His passion for utalitarian fashion also led him to collaborate with Terenit, an historic Finnish sports brand, for a collection made in small quantities in order to avoid waste and using recycled materials. Most of them come from China and are produced by his friend Yuki Kawakam. The ethical commitment of Rolf Ekroth does not stop there: within its collections, the brand uses the Bio2 Textile, the ecological fabric similar to cotton developed by the Finnish energy company Fortum with the agricultural waste straw. His pieces are nostalgic and transformable, like his sleeping-bag looks, which are basically flat rectangles with a zipper and drawstrings that can be manipulated to create volume and form.
ROLF EKROTH | Autumn Winter 2022-2023 Menswear
Threeasfour
Stephan Djokovitch
Imane Ayssi
Fovari


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Boris FX said its NAB slate next month will include new versions of Continuum and Sapphire, plus a Boris FX Suite package (starting at $2,295, or $895 annual subscription) that includes a perpetual or subscription license for Sapphire, Continuum and Mocha Pro plug-ins. The new updates promise to offer significant enhancements, with Mocha tools crossing over into Sapphire 11 and a new licensing deal with Primatte promising more advanced keying technology.
Boris FX Sapphire 11 will integrate tracking and masking from Mocha.
Mocha tracking and masking tools are going to be integrated directly into all of Sapphire 11's filters, including lighting and glow effects, the company said. Boris is also breaking Sapphire down into nine "Units" that will allow users to license only a category-based subset of filters at a lower price, rather than the full package. A Sapphire 11 license starts at $1,695 (or $495 annual subscription) with upgrades starting at $450. Pricing for Sapphire Units was not announced.
Primatte chroma-keying technology will be incorporated in all Boris FX products, the company said.
Boris Continuum 11 will now include the Primatte chroma keyer as part of a just-announced licensing agreement to incorporate Primatte developer Photron's keying algorithm in Boris FX products. The compositing tools will be released for Avid, Apple, Adobe and OFX hosts, Boris said. Titler Studio now has a real-time 3D particle engine and a 360/VR unit drawing on technology from Mocha VR for 360-degree video finishing. Continuum 11 starts at $695 (or $595 annual subscription) with upgrades starting at $195.
The newly released Mocha VR will get a big NAB push, as well.
The newly released Mocha VR starts at $995 (or $795 annual subscription) with upgrades for Mocha Pro 5 users starting at $300.
Boris FX also said RLM licensing for enterprise customers will be supported across Sapphire, Continuum and Mocha, allowing licenses and background rendering capabilities to be shared across a facility.


text:
package org.conqat.engine.core.driver.specification.processors;

import org.conqat.engine.core.core.AConQATAttribute;
import org.conqat.engine.core.core.AConQATParameter;
import org.conqat.engine.core.core.AConQATProcessor;
import org.conqat.engine.core.core.APipelineSource;
import org.conqat.engine.core.core.IConQATProcessor;
import org.conqat.engine.core.core.IConQATProcessorInfo;

/**
 * Processor for testing purposes.
 *
 * @author $Author: kinnen $
 * @version $Rev: 41751 $
 * @ConQAT.Rating GREEN Hash: 81D148AD706523ABD6088321FD57C010
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@AConQATProcessor(description = "desc")
public class ProcessorWithOptionalPipelineMultiplicity implements IConQATProcessor {

	/** test method */
	@AConQATParameter(description = "mult_desc", name = "mult", minOccurrences = 0, maxOccurrences = 42)
	public void mult(@AConQATAttribute(name = "a", description = "a")
	@APipelineSource
	Object a) {
		// nothing to do here
	}

	/** {@inheritDoc} */
	@Override
	public void init(IConQATProcessorInfo processorInfo) {
		// nothing to do here
	}

	/** {@inheritDoc} */
	@Override
	public Object process() {
		return null;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home - Academics - School of Business - Marketing
Organizations, Awards & Honors
"The Chowan University School of Business laid the foundation for my development both professionally and personally. The faculty encouraged me to work towards excellence on a daily basis and instilled in me a true passion for the field. The curriculum was challenging and prepared me for the pursuit of a Masters in Business Administration as well as a career in athletic administration. I am a proud graduate of the School of Business!" – Alison Kolezynski, Class of 2012, B.S. in Business Administration, Concentration in Marketing
Welcome to Marketing
According to the American Marketing Association, "Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large."
Every firm from small to large, for-profit or non-profit and including private, public or government, needs skilled individuals to handle its marketing function. Positions include sales, advertising, public relations, retailing, market research, corporate marketing, internet marketing, and customer relations. Graduates with a marketing degree will enter a growing job market according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, with individuals in the upper levels of marketing management commanding high salaries.
The Marketing Concentration in the School of Business at Chowan University will prepare you to enter this exciting and rewarding field!
Marketing Concentration Required Courses:
Advertising and Sales Promotion
Retail Merchandising
Project Management and Practice
Marketing Minor Required Courses:
Principles of Microeconomics OR Principles of Macroeconomics
Introduction to Business OR Foundations of Business
Introduction to Probability and Statistics
Three additional Marketing electives
Thomas Eisenmenger. MBA
Assistant Professor of Information Systems
Audrey Griffin, PhD
Associate Professor of Information Systems and Management
Mary Ann Howell, MBA
Instructor in Information Systems
Linda L. Miles, PhD
Dean, School of Business; Colgate W. Darden, Jr., Professor of Finance
Kevin Misenheimer, PhD
Assistant Professor of Management
Hunter Taylor, MBA
Patsy Taylor, MAEd
Associate Professor of Marketing
Shannon Williams, MBA, CPA
Associate Professor of Accounting


Regular disposal of paper documents is the most effective method for combating the theft of confidential information. However, without a reliable, secure and convenient system for ensuring your sensitive business records do not end up in the trash, your business may fall victim to a costly data breach. The stakes have never been so high, with rising legal expenses and mounting breach notification costs potentially bankrupting your organization and permanently damaging your brand and reputation.
Say "goodbye" to your office shredding machine!
Shred Guard's on-site paper shredding services provide verifiable solutions for ensuring that your confidential business documents are securely destroyed on a regular basis. No longer do your employees have to spend precious time shredding files a few pages at a time, unclogging jams in shredding machines, or hauling shredded material to a dumpster. We place lockable, secure shredding consoles directly in your office, offering a convenient method for destroying of sensitive information. Because whole files are able to be dropped simply within a shredding console without the hassle of removing staples, paper clips and sticky notes, expired paperwork is less likely to sit visibly exposed at workstations or on desktops. Simply drop it in and we handle the rest for you! Not sure what to shred? Click here for a helpful list.
After your documents have been shredded we will provide you with a Certificate of Destruction to certify that your information has been securely destroyed.
No company should have to sacrifice the privacy of its information in order to remain "green." Shred Guard's on-site paper shredding services minimize the risk of confidential material ending up in a recycling bin. After your documents have been destroyed, all shredded material is baled and sent to a secure facility where it is used to manufacture new paper products.
With Shred Guard, your employees can always discard sensitive documents in a safe and secure manner so that they can focus on what they do best. To find out more, please contact us by phone or complete the form on this page.