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BARGAIN OF THE MONTH
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Edward ELGAR (1857-1934)The violin music
CD 1 [57:37]
Violin concerto in B minor, op. 61 (1910) [46:07]
Serenade for strings (1892) [11:30]
Salon pieces
Violin sonata in E minor, op. 82 [24:24]
Marat Bisengaliev (violin)
West Kazakhstan Philharmonic Orchestra/Bundit Ungrangsee
Benjamin Frith (piano); Camilla Bisengalieva (oboe)
Various recording dates and venues
rec. 15 April 2009, Kazakhconcert, Almaty, Kazakhstan (CD 1); 1999? (CD 2); 17-18 October 2000, Potton Hall, Suffolk (CD 3)
Full track-listing given at end of review
NAXOS 8.572643-45 [3 CDs: 57:37 + 66:43 + 70:11]
Edward Elgar's first professional engagement as a violinist came at the age of 17, for the Worcester Festival Choral Society. While making his way as a composer he continued to earn a living as a violin teacher and freelance violinist. He thus had the chance to get to know the instrument intimately, and he wrote for it throughout his career. His teaching gave him the opportunity to compose technical etudes and short pedagogical pieces. The ever practical Elgar was also aware of the large market for salon music, and wrote a surprising amount in this genre, a mixture of original compositions and arrangements of earlier pieces.
His complete violin output is collected, for the first time as far as I know, in this 3 CD set. The soloist is Marat Bisengaliev who was born in Kazakhstan in 1962. He studied at the Tchaikovsky Conservatory in Moscow, and has won several international compositions. He is also the founder and artistic director of the West Kazakhstan Philharmonic Orchestra; this orchestra features in the Violin Concerto, under the baton of the young Thai conductor Bundit Ungrangsee. This and the Serenade for Strings, op. 20, occupy the first disc. CD 2 is given over to the salon music and technical etudes. CD 3 contains the rest of the salon music and the Violin Sonata, op. 82. Bisengaliev's accompanist on discs 2 and 3 is the British pianist Benjamin Frith.
The wonderful Violin Concerto and late Violin Sonata are probably Elgar's best known violin works. The concerto is highly emotional, with an almost mystical feeling to the slow movement. The finale features a long accompanied cadenza, which seems like a contradiction in theory, but works splendidly in practice. Scholars have puzzled over the Spanish inscription on the score, a translation of which reads "Here is enshrined the soul of", followed by five dots - not three as the liner-notes state. Whatever the meaning of this tantalising note, even for Elgar this seems an unusually personal work; it is Brahmsian in its emotional intensity, but one can't imagine Brahms pouring out his heart in such an intimate way.
A Kazakh orchestra and soloist and a Thai conductor seemed an unlikely combination for such a quintessentially English work as the Elgar Violin Concerto. I was expecting a raw and rather scrappy band, but from the beginning I was captivated. The orchestra plays the opening phrase precisely, with nicely shaded brass; I would actually have liked a bit more from them. The pacing, so vital to Elgar, was subtly varied, with a lovely sense of repose. Bisengaliev's entry was beautifully warm; he was recorded quite forward in the balance, but with playing like this, it wasn't a problem. In the emotionality and spontaneity of his playing he reminded me of Menuhin, without the fallible intonation of that player's maturity. Bisengaliev brought great tonal and dynamic variety to his part, his G string being at times particularly throaty. He and Ungrangsee handled the tempo fluctuations with an intuitive feeling for when to press forward, and when to let the music pause and gather energy. All that was lacking was a bit more presence from the brass.
The second movement established the Elysian feeling immediately; Bisengaliev played with great warmth as before, this time with especial tenderness and intimacy. For my money this is one of the great violin concerto slow movements, an interlude away from the restless intensity of the first movement. I have had tears in my eyes from time to time when listening to music, but I actually began to sob when listening to this movement, something I've never experienced before. Bisengaliev and his Kazakh forces seem to be able to tune straight into the emotion behind this music, which they handle with great assurance and restraint.
The finale just seemed to go off the boil at the beginning. There was no deterioration in the playing; Bisengaliev remained in total control, producing some nicely expressive slides in his handling of the second subject. But the orchestra's playing of the rumbustious syncopated episodes was a bit literal: maybe they were getting tired - impressively, all of the concerto and the string serenade was recorded on the one day. The accompanied cadenza, however, brought the proceedings back into focus. The muted accompaniment to this section began in spectral fashion with the strings playing sul ponticello. Bisengaliev handled this long episode with sensitivity and great inwardness; his harmonics were nicely in tune. The brass cut through the texture at the powerful final cadence to add an authentic Elgarian touch.
Competition is stiff for recordings of this concerto. Menuhin recorded it twice, the first time in his teens with Elgar conducting (review); I grew up on his stereo remake from the 1960s with Adrian Boult. In the modern era, Nigel Kennedy's first recording is a fine one (review). Until I heard this recording, my favourite was Kyoko Takezawa's 1993 recording with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Sir Colin Davis. Takezawa tears into the solo in terrific fashion, and the partnership with Davis is one of those young/old ones that really strikes sparks. That performance is actually about two minutes slower in the second movement than Bisengaliev. Interestingly, Takezawa was felt by some to be lacking inwardness in this movement, something that can't be said of the present recording. I still love the Takezawa, but for his unerring grasp of Elgar's pacing, the beautiful warmth of his playing, and his technical assurance, I now give Bisengaliev top ranking.
The disc concludes with a performance of the Serenade for Strings, op. 20. This is a pleasant work, evocative of a morning walk in the country, and written with Elgar's usual expertise. The Kazakh strings started off in an unpretentious way with well varied dynamics. The second movement was not quite relaxed enough at the beginning, but recovered to reach an emotional climax. The open strings come through nicely in the relaxed finale. This is not as polished a performance as that of the Academy of St Martin-in-the-Fields/Neville Marriner (review); as a filler for the Concerto, however, it is perfectly acceptable, and a good way to come down from the emotional highs of the latter piece.
The next two discs present Elgar's shorter pieces for violin and piano, 35 in number, and the Violin Sonata in E minor, op. 82. I felt that Bisengaliev played these respectfully and with great expertise. The well known Chanson de Matin and Chanson de Nuit achieve a nostalgic charm, as does Salut d'Amour, Elgar's first real success. As well as pieces originally written for violin and piano there are arrangements, mostly by Elgar, of some of his other music such as the excerpts from Scenes from the Bavarian Highlands, Sospiri, and an interlude from the Crown of India suite. For solo violin there are also five very difficult Etudes caracteristiques. All this highly varied repertoire is played with great technical assurance and sympathy by Bisengaliev and Benjamin Frith. This music is ideal for playing late at night or just relaxing.
The Violin Sonata takes us back to something approaching the emotional volatility of the Concerto, although on a much smaller canvas. The unsettled beginning of the first movement gives way to a lyrical second subject; there is also a rather ambiguous extended arpeggio figure. As with the Concerto, Bisengaliev showed a free treatment of tempo, with an intuitive sense of when to let the music breathe. The second movement has quite an exploratory character. The pizzicato figures at the beginning of the second movement did not register very much; Bisengaliev's beautiful legato playing was again entrancing, rising to an expressive climax. I felt the finale was neither quite cohesive, nor sufficiently contrasted with the first two movements. Bisengaliev's duo playing with Frith was of a high standard throughout, although his tone was a bit more wiry than in the Concerto.
Competition is as almost as stiff for the Sonata as it was for the Concerto, with many distinguished versions having been recorded. Chief among these is Nigel Kennedy's wonderful 1984 recording (review), and (my personal favourite) Maxim Vengerov's passionate 2000 reading, coupled with the Dvorák concerto. Vengerov makes more of the arpeggio figure in the first movement, and achieves a greater sense of relaxation in the finale after the intensity of the first two movements, just as Elgar intended.
A fine and captivating recording of the concerto with the salon music and the sonata the icing on the cake. Another terrific bargain from Naxos.
Guy Aron
Earlier reviews by Ian Lace of CD 2 and CD 3 when first issued by Black Box.
Full track-listing
Violin Concerto in B minor op.61. [46:07]
Serenade for Strings in E minor op.20. [11:30]
Romance, op. 1. [5:05]
Mazurka [2:50]
Bizarrerie, op. 13 no. 2 [2:33]
Serenade [2:32]
Idylle, op. 4 no. 1 [3:24]
Chanson de matin, op. 15 no. 2 [3:06]
Chanson de nuit, op. 15 no. 1 [4:12]
La capricieuse, op. 17 [4:21]
Gavotte [5:11]
Salut d'amour, op. 12 [2:54]
Etude-caprice [3:53]
May Song [3:28]
Virelai, op. 4 no. 3 [2:52]
In Hammersbach (Scenes from the Bavarian Highlands, no. 2) [2:52]
Carissima [3:06]
Adieu [2:47]
Etudes caracteristiques pour violon seul:
Etude A [2:36]
Etude B [1:40]
Etude C [1:22]
Etude D [3:05]
Etude E [2:55]
Elévation, op. 11 [4:36]
Pastourelle, op. 4 no. 2 [2:54]
Bavarian Dance no.3 [4:45]
Sospiri, op. 70 [4:06]
Petite Reine – Berceuse [3:28]
Polonaise in D minor (ed. Christopher Polyblank) [4:39]
Dreaming [2:36]
Mot d'amour, op. 13 no. 1 [1:59]
Valse on Themes by Elgar (completed by Christopher Polyblank) [2:31]
Reminiscences [2:10]
Interlude from 'The Crown of India', op. 66 [2:16]
Allegretto: Duet on a theme of GEDGE [3:58]
Violin Sonata in E minor, op. 82;
Allegro [8:10]
Romance [7:45]
Allegro no troppo [8:29]
Fugue for Violin and Oboe [1:43]
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Home»Metro»Merger won't lead to job loss – Ngige
Merger won't lead to job loss – Ngige
THERE are fears that the implementation of the Stephen Oronsaye Committee report may lead to the scrapping of some MDAs and subsequent job loss. What is the true situation?
First and foremost, we are not using the Oronsaye's report hook, line and sinker and we are not going to implement. What has happened was that some time in the second coming of President Muhammadu Buhari, in consonance with his campaign manifesto, which was to restructure government and make it leaner and more efficient a committee was set up, a presidential committee called presidential committee on salaries and wages and the chairman is the Minister of Finance, Budget and National Planning, Zainab Ahmed, I am the co-Chairman, the Head of Civil Service of the Federation is a member. We have the permanent secretary in the Ministry of Finance as member and we have the Director- General of the Budget Office as member – secretary. That committee has a term of reference and the term of reference in the main, is to bring down the personnel cost of government – salaries and wages and allowances. Because we discovered that the recurrent expenditure alone was one third of the budget and that salaries, wages and allowances, with running cost of government was 85 per cent of budget. So government became alarmed and set up this presidential committee. We were first and foremost, to recommend way to get down this recurrent expenditure from 85 per cent and we were also to freeze all salaries and allowances and people in the public service sector salary structure were asking for augmentation and special allowances. That was one of the terms of reference given to us. And we were also to explore the revision across board of all the salary structures to make sure the normalisation of the different disparities that have been noticeable in the salary structures where people who are doing same work and hour of work are paid different wages. That's one of the things we are to do because the constitution says equal work, equal pay. Same work, equal pay without discrimination based on sex, creed or tribe. So this is one of the terms of reference. Finally, we were supposed to look at the various institutions of government recommend those institutions that are actually doing the same work, duplication of functions so that those institutions can be merged. This is what people are now calling the Oronsaye report. The Minister of Finance called it the Oronsaye report and its white paper, to some extent she is right because that Oronsaye report and its white paper, even though the report was discredited, even though the white paper couldn't even agree with the Oronsaye main report in about 70 per cent of cases because disagreed with them and in some cases, they didn't have any recommendation at all. But the Oronsaye report you can't throw it away like that. What we in our committee said was that if we can use some aspect of it and look at it and discuss it and after our report has been sent a white paper committee will discuss on it by this government. Not that we are implementing the Oronsaye report, no. The Oronsaye report is one of the documents, raw materials with which that committee was working; the presidential committee on salaries and wages. So I want it to be clear that it is not the Oronsaye report simplicita that is being implemented. If you look at what the Finance Minister said, she said review of the Oronsaye report and white paper which means it is not an adoption. We are not going to adopt it. That is it. On the fear of merger, there are certain government institutions, parastatals that are no longer even alive. I give you an example, a place like NERFUND, it is no longer functional. There are other institutions that have be wind up like NERFUND and they are there. Government will have to scrap them. There are other institutions that are doing about the same functions, we will look at them. If you look today, entrepreneurship for example, a lot of institutions are doing entrepreneurship and they are all being funded by government. So government will look at situation where those places are merged and when we merge them and combine the staff there, the staff there will have to be redeployed to areas of needs. There has been some new creation (of ministries) by government. The government has created the Ministry of Humanitarian Affair, Disaster Management and Social Development. That ministry is a new ministry, they are not employing new persons. They are taking persons from other ministries and agencies of government there. This is a typical example. So it doesn't mean that people will start losing their jobs. The major target in the merging of ministries is to reduce the overhead cost of the place. Government has to make some savings on the running costs and of course, this government doesn't want to throw people on the streets so we will be mindful of that in doing so. There should be no fear. Mr. President has assured workers that even post-Covid -19, that our interest is to retain the existing jobs and even create more jobs.
Already some MDAs have compiled a list of civil servants that would be laid off with some of them being issued letters of compulsory leave ahead of the planned layoffs. How would you react to this?
I am not aware, I don't think there is an iota of truth to it. But if you know the MDAs you can let us know but I am not aware. If there is such thing happening in MDAs, the National Civil Service Union and Association of Senior Civil Servants they would have petitioned myself and the Office of the HoS. It is only the Office of the HoS that can do that. If there are parastatals doing that they must first seek the permission of their parent ministry before doing that. So I am not aware and I don't think it is true but if it is true then such an agency and the head of that agency, they are on their own. They don't have our approval for now to even compile any names not to talk about putting them (workers) on compulsory leave. I do know that in the NDDC, there were some people put on compulsory leave but that's an administrative matter. When some people are being investigated and they don't want them to interfere with the investigation, government usually ask such people to go on leave. If there is even a first line discovery of breach of rules in terms of maybe procurement, in terms of fraud, government can place you on suspension. This is what I know as far as that issue is concerned.
From available information members of the organised labour unions are already mobilising their members for a showdown. Can the country afford another labour unrest at this critical time?
They (unions) are seeing danger where there is none. Nobody has communicated anything to them officially. What the Minister of Finance said – I kept on saying it; is that the Oronsaye report and its white paper will be reviewed. What she meant is that it will be brought into the floor of this government. First of all, at our level at that Presidential Committee on Salaries, Income and Wages, we have detailed the Oronsaye report as one of the documents, raw materials we chose to work. We have even the El-Rufai report on the restructuring of the civil service, we have also the Afolabi report and we have also even of recent, the Prof. Itse Sagay Committee (PACAC) report. We are going to gather all those documents- all of them will be used and if they lead to the interrogation of the MDAs we will do so. We only did the first phase of the work which is how to get down the personnel cost and a temporary recommendation went to Mr. President which he has approved; that placed an embargo on federal recruitment of staff and replacement of staff in MDAs except for the MDAs that are responsible for defense and health matters.
Beyond rhetorics, what are some of the stopgap measures the Federal Government plan to implement in order to ease the burden of those who might be affected?
Of course when you merge agencies and parastatals – we don't think so many of them will be merged, but when they are merged, the target is for us to save money in terms of running cost. But where also you have personnel overlap we will look for a way first to redistribute the overlap or the surplus personnel to those who have need for them. So we will send them to where they are needed. If you come back to a parastatal with the same schedule, of course, one has to go to another institution and in an institution where you have persons either leaving the service or dropping out from the service, those people will take those personnel. The main idea being that government is not desirous to lay people off. But if Los, you have places where you have surplus personnel and some people opt to go, of course government will accept such voluntary withdrawal of service and we will also pay the necessary emolument for such officers to depart the service.
The OPS made some proposal to the government to help cushion the effects of the fallouts of COVID 19 on businesses such tax holiday among other incentives. How far has the government gone in acquiescing to their demands?
Why not. We have gotten their proposal and I have passed it on to the Economic Sustainability Committee which Mr. President set up to look at the issue of Covid -19 pandemic, the economic effect on both the public and private sector. The federal government is studying the proposal to know where we will also come in because the essence being that we don't want excruciating pain will result from these closures that will led to job losses in any way.
What should Nigerians expect in the coming weeks?
We want to make our health workers happy so we are targeting and getting more personal protective equipment (PPE) for them so that they can be more protected. We are also targeting that in the coming weeks we should be able to pay them their enhanced hazard and inducement allowances. The payment will begin very soon. There is another committee fine tuning it. We are going to pay them for two months at least – April and May. That is what to expect and we also expect that God will assist us to open up our economy and bring down the pandemic so that the rise we are now experiencing will flatten out so that we can start going back to our normal way of life.
Fuel Scarcity: Nigerians Lament As Queue Resurfaces
162 Stranded Nigerians Return From Libya
Shock As Multiple Storey Building Collapses In Ikoyi, Lagos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Alerted by authorities in Pennsylvania, officers of the Metropolitan Police Department detained a man from the state, identified as Bryan Moles, 43, at around 1 am at the hotel a short distance from the White House.
In his car, they recovered an AR-15 semi-automatic assault style rifle, a handgun and ammunition, police chief Peter Newsham told a news conference.
Moles was arrested for illegal possession of firearms.
"The officers and our federal partners... averted a potential disaster in the nation's capital," Newsham said.
The police chief said his department and the Secret Service had received information that an adult male was travelling to the District of Columbia, possibly the Trump International Hotel, armed with weapons.
The US Secret Service – which is tasked with protecting Donald Trump and his family among others – issued a statement on the incident, saying that "at no time were any Secret Service protectees at risk," and that the investigation was ongoing.
Trump has dined several times at his Washington hotel since taking office in January.
The Secret Service is also tasked with protecting the vice president and family, as well as former US heads of state and their relatives, visiting dignitaries and any other individual designated by the president.


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Serial Publication ID: CBA000122654
History of Meteorology
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The International Bibliography of Meteorology: Revisiting A Nineteenth-Century Classic. History of Meteorology (p. 126). (/isis/citation/CBB000933442/) unapi
Article Beattie, James (2009)
Climate Change, Forest Conservation and Science: A Case Study of New Zealand, 1860s--1920. History of Meteorology (p. 1). (/isis/citation/CBB000933439/) unapi
Article Vogel, Brant (2009)
Bibliography of Recent Literature in the History of Meteorology. Twenty-Six Years, 1983--2008. History of Meteorology (p. 23). (/isis/citation/CBB000933441/) unapi
Article Vaquero, J. M.; Gallego, M. C.; García, J. A. (2009)
A Note on a Possible Optic-Atmospheric Phenomenon in the Iberian Peninsula in the 13th Century. History of Meteorology (p. 19). (/isis/citation/CBB000933440/) unapi
Article Garden, Donald A. (2008)
El Niño, Irrigation Dams and Stopbanks: Examining the Repercussions of the 1876--78 El Niño in Australia and New Zealand. History of Meteorology (p. 1). (/isis/citation/CBB000931787/) unapi
Article Dörries, Matthias (2008)
The "Winter" Analogy Fallacy: From Superbombs to Supervolcanoes. History of Meteorology (p. 41). (/isis/citation/CBB000931789/) unapi


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Courts & the Law, Defending Democracy, News
Lawmakers urged not to override veto of bill making political investigations secret
By Melissa Boughton
In Courts & the Law, Defending Democracy, News
Lawmakers are expected to override a veto this afternoon that would make campaign finance investigations confidential to the public.
Gov. Roy Cooper vetoed House Bill 1029, which also restructures the State Board of Elections and Ethics Enforcement, because of its lack of transparency during a time when the voting system is being highly scrutinized. The State Board has been investigating alleged absentee ballot fraud for the past month in the 9th congressional district.
"Disturbing allegations of election fraud in the 9th congressional district race are mounting," Cooper said in a statement yesterday. "Yet it's astonishing that the legislature has passed a bill, HB 1029 (which I vetoed), that mandates secrecy for campaign finance investigations by the Elections Board."
He encouraged North Carolinians to reach out to lawmakers to tell them they don't want to protect politicians who commit fraud. The House and Senate return at 2 p.m. today to vote on the veto override.
Bob Hall, who used to work as the Executive Director of voting rights organization Democracy NC, also urged lawmakers not to override Cooper's veto. Over the past 20+ years, he has filed numerous complaints with the State Board regarding possible campaign finance violations involving Democrats and Republicans.
Read his letter to the legislature below:
Dear Legislator,
I urge you to not override Gov. Roy Cooper's veto of H-1029 and, instead, adopt a new bill that omits the parts of Section 4 which mandate: "All investigations shall be confidential" "with respect to alleged failures to file any statement required" by North Carolina's campaign finance statutes or "with respect to alleged violations of any part of" the campaign finance statutes.
It is not in the best interest of legislators, candidates or the public to handcuff the State Board of Elections from revealing the status or the findings of its investigations about charges which may be entirely bogus. Under current law, the Board may close any investigation that involves possible criminal violations. It may then announce its findings, exonerate the target of a complaint, levy a fine, or refer the case to the appropriate prosecutor. Under H-1029, a registered voter such as myself could publicly release a complaint alleging serious violations but the State Board would be prohibited from revealing what its investigation determined. The public would be left to speculate about the alleged wrongdoing and the politician or party would remain under a cloud.
At this moment, I have multiple complaints pending at the State Board. For example, one alleges that Sen. Brent Jackson and his campaign "deceive the public" by purposely misidentifying dozens of campaign donors as "farmers." More than $80,000 is thereby masked, with a substantial amount coming from business leaders across the state who benefitted from decisions of the Senate Appropriation Committee co-chaired by Sen. Jackson and legislation he helped pass. Another complaint I filed alleges that Judge Phil Berger Jr. (a) received campaign contributions from straw donors, i.e., the money came from somebody other than the person listed on Berger's disclosure reports; (b) failed to report the expenses involved in fundraising events; and (c) received $10,000 from misidentified video poker sweepstakes owners who were, at the time of the donation, involved in a lawsuit in his home county and who were seeking its favorable resolution.
Eventually, the investigations of these complaints will end and the public will know what, if any, wrongdoing the State Board discovered. But no public release of the investigations' findings would be permitted under H-1029.
Moreover, H-1029 will severely limit the capacity of the Board to uncover problems through an investigative public hearing, such as those held in the past regarding alleged campaign finance violations of House Speakers Jim Black and Harold Brubaker and legislators Thomas Wright and Fletcher Hartsell. These public hearings are vital (1) to determine the existence and scope of wrongdoing, if any, and (2) to bring enough public attention to apparent violations to cause prosecutors to pursue the cases referred to them.
The strict confidentiality mandated by H-1029 will cause innocent political figures to remain under a cloud of suspicion, and it will allow guilty political figures to escape punishment by having their cases secretly referred to local prosecutors who can simply ignore them. H-1029 should be changed.
9th congressional districtBob Hallcampaign financeHB 1029investigationState Board of Elections and Ethics Enforcementtransparency
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North Carolina officially implemented Raise the Age legislation ...


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Q: How are instant messages sent to Android apps? Imagine a user has the Facebook android app installed, but not open.
When a user receives a chat message from a friend, this appears on the phone. Is this utilizing Google Cloud Messaging push notifications to deliver chat messages? Is this the best practice approach for sending messages to users?
Or, does the android app (Facebook/whatsapp/wechat) need to open a persistent Web socket connection?

A: For the applications you specifically listed:
Facebook Messenger uses MQTT. WhatsApp is widely known to use XMPP. Both of these applications use a long-lived socket connection.
With that being said though, GCM is the easiest to set up.

A: We can use Push Notification for messaging purpose.
The best way is to use XMPP protocol.
you can find the example below
Simple messaging application using XMPP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Melanaspis aristotelesi är en insektsart som beskrevs av Ernest Lepage och Giannotti 1944. Melanaspis aristotelesi ingår i släktet Melanaspis och familjen pansarsköldlöss. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Pansarsköldlöss
aristotelesi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


All of our horses-equestrian paintings are 100% hand-painted by our professional artists. Our artists start with a blank canvas and paint each brushstroke entirely by hand utilizing the finest oil paints on artist canvas.
"A Graceful And Fast Thoroughbred"
"A Huntsman And His Hounds"
"At The Fox And Hounds"


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Belgium - The Netherlands
6 days by air
Day 1: Thessaloniki - Brussels
Concentration at Macedonia Airport and Flight to Brussels. Arrangement in the hotel, free time, distribution.
Day 2: Brussels
At the headquarters of the Common Market, Brussels, we will see the Parliament, the luxurious royal palace, the complex of European community buildings, St. Michael's Cathedral with its dazzling stained-glass windows and the courthouse. At Grand Place with the golden-faced buildings we will see the town hall, Maneken Pis (the city's trademark) and Atomium. Return to the hotel, rent.
Day 3: Ghent - Briz - Waterloo - Brussels
Today we will meet Flanders. Our first station is Ghent with its impressive architecture, medieval guild houses, the 52-bell tower and the Gravesstyn castle with the most grandiose museum of the Holy Excitation. We continue for "Venice of the North", Bruges with its beautiful tranquil canals. Some of the city's attractions are the medieval walls with turrets, the palace and the cathedral of the Virgin Mary's work by Mikelangelo. Here still today are those ethereal Flemish lace. After admiring the historic Battle of Waterloo, we will return to Brussels. distribution.
Day 4: Rotterdam - Amsterdam
In Rotterdam, the first port of Europe on the Rhine, we will admire the Euromast tower with the glass elevator. In The Hague, the capital of flowers, we will see the summer palaces of the kings, the International Court, the historic home of the knights lived by the philosopher Spinoza and Mantourodam, the magnificent miniature of the country. Early in the afternoon we arrive in Amsterdam. Arrangement at the hotel,
time free, distribution.
Day 5: Amsterdam
Amsterdam is a vibrant city, built literally on the water, with buildings of traditional architecture, rolling parks and tree-lined streets, well-groomed pavements and of course countless canals. Various sights include Rembrandt's home museum, Dam Square with the Royal Palace, Anna Frank's House, the cathedral, the Synagogue and the Diamond Processing Plant. Time free. If at night you want something different and spicy, be sure that Amsterdam will offer it to you. Distribution.
Day 6: Amsterdam - Thessaloniki
Time free, transfer to the airport for flight
return to Thessaloniki.
§ Air ticket.
§ Accommodation in hotels A and B (3 * and 4 *).
§ Half-board.
§ Tours of the program.
§ Transfers to and from the airport.
§ Chief-escort of the office.
§ Liability insurance.
IT DOES NOT INCLUDE:
Airport taxes, extra meals, drinks, telephone calls, museum entrances and archaeological sites and that it is not referred to as a supply.


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for centuries are still central to the national identity of we shall be opening a Europe House in Ashgabat.
modern-day Turkmens. You can clearly recognize this A further stimulus to our relations is the enormous in our government's foreign policy based on the prin- potential the EU has in economics and trade, fi nance ciple of positive neutrality, which has been followed and investment, manufacturing and high technolo- Turkmenistan
from the moment Turkmenistan became independ- gies, science and culture, which are vital to every ent. Ever since the UN General Assembly unanimous- country. Many member countries of the EU, especial- ly passed the relevant resolution on December 12, ly Italy, Germany, and France are important trade and 1995, Turkmenistan has been recognized throughout economic partners for Turkmenistan in these areas.
in the modern world
the world as a country that embraces permanent neu- Q: Could you, Mr. President, tell us something about
trality in the eyes of international law.
projects Turkmenistan is carrying out in joint ventures ese underlying principles of permanent neutrality with countries of the European Union? Interview given at the time of the 62nd General Assembly of the
and the international obligations we have assumed, A: Th ere are many diff erent joint projects which all serve
shape the foreign policy priorities that help Turkmen- to support our society's sustainable development. United Nations to the Herald of Europe international magazine
istan to fulfi l its national interests eff ectively and to ey are mostly related to science and education, civil comply with the basic aims and principles of the UN law practices, government agencies, and nongovern- by KURBANGULY BERDYMUKHAMEDOV
Charter and the world community as a whole.
mental organizations that we want to develop. Also, While Turkmenistan's neutrality is aimed at harmo- we benefi t enormously from projects that help us to President of the Republic of Turkmenistan
nizing the interests of the diff erent countries in the make headway in manufacturing, transportation, region, it also provides the framework for construc- communications, agriculture, fi nancial and invest- tive dialogue and cooperation with other countries, ment facilities, and the private sector. I take this oc- international organizations, and major business in- casion to convey my best respects to the European Q: During the Soviet Era it was commonly held that the
celebrated scholars offi cially recognize Margush as the terests that want to have a hand in this country's ma- Commission's Directorate for External Relations and Central Asian republics, including Turkmenia, as Turk- fi ft h centre of world civilization, along with Ancient jor projects, above all those in the fuel and energy menistan was called then, were a kind of buff er zone India, China, Egypt, and Mesopotamia.
between the European part of the former Soviet Union Apart from Margiana, several other states, including A crucial role in this respect is played by Turkmeni- Q: Which of the projects now under way are of most impor-
and the rest of Asia. Turkmenistan, in fact, has Iran and Parthia and Urgench, or Gorganj, which arose on our stan's unique geopolitical position, which has assisted Afghanistan as its neighbours in the South, Kazakhstan soil, also had a major infl uence on the politics, eco- our cooperation with other countries in transporta- A: Th ere are very many, and I want to name only the
in the North, and it looks towards Russia and Azerbai- nomics, and culture of the East, and on relations be- tion and communications and our integration into the most successful of those we have launched here in jan across the Caspian Sea. I would like to ask you how global infrastructure of networks and commercial and your country's geopolitical position aff ects the basic prin- Now an independent country, Turkmenistan is a vast economic corridors. As a result, our country is turning ciples of Turkmenistan's foreign and domestic policies? territory inhabited by people who faithfully maintain into a major transportation hub that serves, if you like, establishment of farming associations and a pilot pro- A: Th e way you frame your question suggests we both
the traditions of peace and friendship with other na- as a "dynamo" of expanding regional cooperation.
gramme to introduce renewable micro-credits; know the obvious answer — my country's geopoliti- tions inherited from their forefathers, and which they Q: Mr. President, given these fundamental principles of
projects to modernize the Turkmenbashi seaport; cal position has always been vital for Turkmenistan's follow to this day. Above all, we are cultivating these Turkmenistan's foreign policy, would you please give us a training centre for Turkmenistan's Ministry of Gas, international relations in recent history and in the dis- your vision of your country's relations with the European Q: Th e Turkmen people certainly have a history to be proud
a science research station to improve the quality of Q: Can you perhaps elaborate?
of, but I would rather like you to speak about today. A: We, in Turkmenistan, have always given consider- wheat and produce seeds, mini meatpacking and dairy A: For centuries my country has been at the crossroads
A: Actually I want to start with history to give you a
able attention to deeper ties and greater momentum between East and West, South and North. It was a glimpse of where independent Turkmenistan stands in our diversifi ed cooperation with the European major stage on the Silk Road, and an important ele- in relation to other countries. In reality the civiliza- Union and its individual member countries. Business ment in the network of routes crisscrossing the vast tions that arose on our ancient soil fl ourished precise- contacts between Turkmenistan and the EU were es- projects to develop information and telecommunica- ly because our political and diplomatic traditions were tablished in the early days of my country's independ- tions technologies and high-speed access to the Inter- We know from historical records and the fi ndings of built on a unifying idea. I would call it the Turkmens' ence. And I am glad to tell you that interest has been net under the Virtual Silk Road programme jointly modern science that present-day Turkmenistan was unfaltering devotion to dialogue with other nations displayed recently on both sides, as can be seen from with the NATO science programme and TEMPUS a cradle of the ancient civilizations that contributed and their deep respect for other people's views and the intensifi ed dialogue between us. Visits from the enormously to the emergence of the world as we know ese aspects of the Turkmen mentality were European Union's high-level delegations have become establishment of an Interbank Finance College; it today. Last year, my country hosted an international at the root of the choices they made for the structure more frequent recently. A highly productive practice, assistance in the preparation of civil, customs, and tax academic conference on the ancient land of Mar- of government and the domestic and foreign policies as I see it, is the annual sessions of the Turkmenistan- codes for Turkmenistan, and for compliance with the gush, known to Greek and Roman historians as Mar- European Union joint committee, and there is more international conventions on the conservation of the COUNTRY FOCUS
giana. At that world forum which I masterminded To put it another way, the traditions of peace, toler- besides. In the next few months, we shall have a series Caspian Sea marine environment, climate change, and and attended, I was fortunate enough to hear world ance and respect for our neighbours we have cherished of high-level meetings with delegations of the EU and h e ra l d of e u ro p e 5 / 6 2 0 0 9
a programme to promote higher education institu- Q: Th is is, Mr. President, exactly the subject we want to
neutrality, equitable and mutually benefi cial coopera- a billion and half U.S. dollars has been invested to hear you discuss in greater detail. One of the biggest tion, and, of course, the country's national interests.
date to modernize existing plant and to build new ey are many, indeed, you will agree, and we shall problems facing the European Union today is energy It is in this context that we see favourable prospects distillation units at the Turkmenbashi cluster of oil soon see the benefi ts once they have been completed. security, which implies stability of energy supplies with in our relations with member countries of the EU. at is why Turkmenistan welcomes the European fuel gas at the top of the list. What is your country's out- Already today, many famous European companies, New plants are under construction to manufacture Commission's eff orts to encourage the European Un- look for cooperation with the EU, particularly in the con- including among others, Maersk of Denmark, Win- petrochemical products and process liquefi ed gas, and ion's closer involvement in large-scale reforms and text of its recent agreements on Russia's involvement in tershall of Germany, and British Barren Energy, are a project is under consideration to build a facility to the construction of a joint gas pipeline? running successful operations in Turkmenistan.
convert gas from the gas fi elds in Eastern Turkmeni- Q: Could you talk about any new joint projects and pro-
A: Let me say, fi rst of all, that Turkmenistan is fully in-
Our country is demonstrating that it is one of the spective cooperation between Turkmenistan and the Eu- dependent in choosing strategic routes to reach world leading countries that give a sense of energy security Q: Your country's prosperity today depends on how much
energy markets and in building up its oil and gas ex- to Europe and Asia. Turkmenistan's policy in this area oil, gas, and petroleum products originating in Turk- A: It is a welcome fact in this context that this year has
is to put its abundant natural resources at the service menistan you put on the world market. My question witnessed the largest increase in technical assistance take in our partnership relations with Russia, China, of sustainable development and the prosperity of peo- then is what are you doing to process more crude hy- projects undertaken in the country since the start of Iran, and other countries, for that matter.
drocarbons on site in order to increase the share of high its cooperation with the European Commission in e fact that Turkmenistan is taking a leading place Q: What are the estimates of the hydrocarbon wealth hid-
added value products on foreign markets and what are in global energy policies imposes great responsibility e EU's projects running in Turkmenistan today on us in our approach to international problems fac- A: In the estimates of foreign experts, Turkmenistan's
A: It might appear at times that our endeavours and
include a national programme in education, travel, ing the world today. Current international experience hydrocarbon resources comprise 23 trillion cubic me- plans to build a welfare state are linked only to the sale science and technologies, statistics, and coordination suggests there is a need for new approaches to fi nding ters of natural gas and 12 billion tonnes of oil. Given of our rich natural resources. Yes, it was Mother Na- of the EU's technical assistance. In addition, several such capacity, Turkmenistan is building its foreign ture that lavished hydrocarbons on the land of Turk- regional projects are being pursued in oil and gas un- e current rate of industrial growth in the world and trade strategy around exports of crude hydrocarbon menistan, and it would be wrong to expect us to wax der the INOGATE programme, in marine transpor- the rising role of energy sources in sustaining the world along any economically viable route, based on the rich by selling off this wealth indefi nitely. tation under the TRASECA programme, and in na- economy means every country must construct the en- principle of multiple options for its emerging pipeline Turkmenistan has received an unsurpassed opportu- ture conservation under the Caspian Environmental ergy security system that suits it best. As the biggest nity to avoid repeating the mistakes of other countries Programme. Also very much under way are the EU's consumers of the global supply of energy and fuels, it We have already built and put into service a gas pipe- blessed with oil and gas that placed their bets on sell- long-term regional programmes — border manage- is the world's leading powers and major industrial cen- line from Western Turkmenistan to Iran. A few weeks ing their resources without giving thought to building ment in Central Asia (BOMCA) and Central Asian tres that have the greatest need for energy security. ago, we gave practical eff ect to our agreements with an infrastructure for the coming generations of their is underlies the growing interest in the world mar- China to build a gas pipeline and pump natural gas to In the second half of this year, several new national ket toward regions known to have large reserves of oil Although our main focus is, of course, on oil and gas programmes were launched in an eff ort to promote As you may be aware, we are also working on the de- we are building the most up-to date plants and fac- economic growth, agriculture, education, internation- Much depends on the kind of strategy at the core of velopment of a project to build a gas pipeline from tories in other manufacturing industries as well. I am al arbitration law, coordination of the EU's assistance, relations with countries whose rich natural resources Turkmenistan to Afghanistan, and on to Pakistan and certain that the projects we have initiated, with a help- give them international stature and leverage in inter- India. We are also ready to look into proposals to have ing hand from leading foreign companies, will enable Please note here that our attention is focused on rais- national aff airs, and which are deluged with lucrative Turkmen gas delivered westward as well, to European us to make the best use of available opportunities and ciency of the ongoing projects. It is impor- off ers of joint development of their oil and gas fi elds.
sharpen the competitive edge of our economy to meet tant to gain experience, and we are currently giving Undeniably, this is especially important against the Q: What, in your view, lies at the basis of your focus on the
more weight to short training tours for our personnel background of a new economic set-up beginning to oil and gas industries in your country? Fast growth in the output of the petrochemical indus- in EU countries and training programmes off ered here take shape in the world, with some regions supplying A: Our continued emphasis on oil and gas is based on the
try is an off shoot of the infrastructure we have devel- to executives and managers in various industries, and energy to others, and neither being able to survive need for foreign investment and modern technologies also to public servants, both in Turkmenistan's central without the other. Having accepted this truth as an to pour in to develop our country's hydrocarbon re- ter of refi neries alone has signifi cantly increased the obvious fact, Turkmenistan is in favour of a pattern ciently. Our successful open-door policy share of high added value output aft er the refi neries To answer your question about the prospects for of relationships that work towards global cooperation and the passage of the Hydrocarbon Resources Law switched to new processes and technologies.
Turkmenistan's relations with the European Union, I and integration, rather than dividing the world into have appreciably improved the investment climate Our lubricants, polypropylene, plastics, and other want to point up that Turkmenistan is always open to in Turkmenistan and made it attractive to investors products are fi nding a ready market in many countries Access to sources of oil or gas should never become a to come here and put their money into oil and gas We are ready to cooperate with other countries in cause for confrontation around the world nor a tool in production. Several big-name European and Asian Recently, we have encouraged the emergence of high- many fi elds, including fuel and energy. You will not the hands of some countries to put pressure on others.
companies are operating in Turkmenistan under earning small and medium-size gas processing busi- be surprised when I tell you that many countries are In the context of global processes unfolding in the profi t-sharing agreements, intent on going aft er more nesses using state-of-the-art technologies. Th eager to engage with Turkmenistan in this area, in the 21st century, the energy component of Turkmenistan's is that Turkmenistan is soon set to become the biggest COUNTRY FOCUS
fi rst place, because our subsoil is very rich in natural strategy toward the rest of the world evolves from its Building modern-age oil refi neries and a petrochemi- liquefi ed gas producer in the region, with an output resources, with large deposits of hydrocarbons.
acceptance of the underlying principles of permanent cal industry is yet another priority for us. More than nearing a half million tonnes of liquefi ed gas a year.
h e ra l d of e u ro p e 5 / 6 2 0 0 9
Q: Could you tell us which industries, apart fr om natural
on women's involvement in politics, or, to put it other- a favourable impact on the peace and stability of the provides medical services to Afghan citizens at our resources, are next in line for a boost? wise, given the highly tolerant strain of Islam in your A: A strong trend is for other key industries, such as
country, our next question is — how does Turkmenistan We are fully convinced that present and future rela- As trade and economic links between our two power generation, manufacturing, textiles, foodstuff s, build its relations with its neighbours, Iran and Af- tions between Turkmenistan and Iran rest on fi rm countries expanded, we launched long-term energy transportation, and communications, among others, ghanistan, notorious for their fundamentalist variety of principles, which have been reinforced during the re- projects which we expect to last long into the future. to follow the path travelled by oil and gas.
Islam that behaves aggressively towards other religions? At present, we are gradually stepping up the export of Textiles are a good example of how quickly other in- A: I, for one, would not rush to stick questionable labels
lateral relations and the agreements reached between electric power from Turkmenistan to Afghanistan. In dustries can rise like a phoenix from the ashes. Aft er on any one of the existing religions, including Islam. us provide durable foundations on which to develop addition, Turkmen civil engineering companies have textiles hit rock bottom, we had to turn it around from Every nation and every county has a national culture and fortify the long-term mutually benefi cial coopera- built and put into service several power generation near zero. A rare exception was cotton fi bre processing unlike any other nation's, a culture steeped in tradi- but even that, at the time of independence, could han- tion and fed from historic roots, at the foundations of Turkmenistan and Iran have gained enormous expe- Q: Even though Turkmenistan has declared neutrality,
dle barely 3% of the cotton harvest.
its civilization. In this sense, we show a great respect rience in fruitful cooperation on a number of major we know that no one country in the world, even if it Now that Turkmenistan's textile factories have been for our neighbours, both nations and their govern- joint projects. In particular, the building and opera- has longstanding traditions of neutrality, can feel safe refurbished with the world's latest equipment, they are ments, and maintain friendly and amicable relations tion of the Dostluk Dam, a key water management against aggression by other countries. What are you, processing at least half the country's cotton harvest.
with them, as our tradition requires.
project, and Iran's participation in our project to mod- in Turkmenistan, doing to maintain your own security ese days, Turkmenistan exports cotton yarn, denim I must concede you are right when you speak about ernize the cluster of oil refi neries at Turkmenbashi, to and what is your personal vision of this issue? and other cotton fabrics, and ready-to-wear textile the Turkmens' religious traditions and the high tol- A: Turkmenistan's permanent neutrality and its foreign
erance of Islam as it is practised in our land. Today, Our main exports to Iran are liquefi ed gas, electric policy, based as they are on our country's status in in- Other farming businesses are making a comeback un- the Constitution of Independent Turkmenistan guar- power, and natural gas, which is pumped down the ternational law, are guided by the will of our nation, der the impact of the land reform that has been vig- antees, through the institutions of the state, the free- pipelines running from Korpej to Kurt, Kui Artyk to its outlook and understanding of the world, and its dom of faiths and beliefs, which all are equal under private landowners and market instruments are being the law. Everyone is free to take whatever attitude to We also have commendable experience of cooperation is gives us a solid standing in the world community, religion they like, to practise alone or jointly with oth- in road building, an excellent example of which is the and wins us the respect and trust of our distant and e People's Council, or Khalk Maslakhaty in Turk- ers any religion or embrace none at all, speak out and complete reconstruction of the highway from Ashga- near neighbours, in fact, all countries of the world.
men, which is the nation's highest representative body, disseminate their views on religion, and participate in bat to Gokdepe and on to Archman, which was com- You must know, of course, that we have a defensive meeting in spring of this year, passed laws directly re- religious services, rituals, and rites. All this, I repeat, is pleted by Iranian engineers to high quality standards. military doctrine. We want our armed forces to be lated to reforms in agriculture, beginning with the guaranteed by Turkmenistan's Constitution.
In our desire to meet the interests of other countries always ready for any contingency. A fi ghting force Farm Law and Farmers Associations Law.
As my country's national laws enforce compliance and nations and to promote our relations of respect is a key attribute of the state, and our army must be We did not have to wait long to see encouraging re- with accepted international rules, they allow religious and friendship with our generous neighbour, Turk- trained to repulse an attack of whatever strength from sults coming in. Overall, Turkmenistan produces organizations and groups to be registered in Turk- menistan will continue to take part in various mutu- e concept of a military dimension in Turk- enough grain to meet its needs, and nearly 90% of menistan, regardless of the size of their congregations menistan's foreign policy does not in any way confl ict other foodstuff requirements as well.
or faith. Turkmenistan's laws allow religious and non- Q: How would you describe your relations with Afghani-
Add to this the fact that Turkmenistan is the only governmental organisations to practise without fear stan, a country that has been in turmoil for many dec- Permanent neutrality has rewarded us with many country in the world where no taxes are levied on of criminal prosecution even if they are not legally rights and opened up broad prospects for us, but at leaseholders and landowners. We do not impose taxes A: Turkmenistan is an immediate neighbour of Afghani-
the same time it has imposed on us a heavy burden of on land, or water, or cattle farming.
.Religious organizations and groups of Muslims and stan, and it has been, and still is, one of the countries responsibility. We keep out of all confl icts and wars. In broad terms, the country has every opportunity for Orthodox Christians, and about a dozen other reli- with the greatest interest in seeing that country stable is is the pledge we have given to the world commu- foreign companies to come in and start investing in cially registered and are practising their and at peace. During a recent visit by Afghanistan's nity. We have not encumbered our nation with mem- local projects. Our national laws off er generous safe- faiths freely in Turkmenistan today.
President Hamid Karzai to Turkmenistan, we had bership of any military blocs, associations or alliances, guards to investors and give a battery of tax and other At the moment, our relations with the governments fruitful talks in an atmosphere of full understanding and we have only our defensive doctrine to draw on.
concessions to foreigners who start their own busi- of Iran and Afghanistan are not aff ected by the diff er- Working on the international scene from its vantage ences between our shades of religious practices.
We look at the prospects of deeper and broader bilat- point of positive neutrality for international peace We are doing more than just wishing to develop many And I want again to make my point that Turkmenistan eral ties from the angle of fraternal and good-neigh- and worldwide welfare, Turkmenistan has earned diff erent industries. We are doing exactly what we has always followed, and will follow in the future, the bourly relations between our two peoples growing the respect it truly deserves from its neighbours in want — building a versatile economy using advanced principles of respect, equality, and mutual benefi t in stronger and more diversifi ed. Our cooperation is on- the Central Asian region and the world community technologies and the ability to be self-suffi cient.
its relations with other countries. We do not, however, going and off ers us attractive prospects, particularly in at large. In recognition of this role, the UN is about Q: Turkmenistan is certainly a modern secular country,
look at our cooperation with them from the perspec- trade and economic links between Turkmenistan and to open in Turkmenistan's capital city a UN Regional save that Islam plays a far greater part than you would tive of our own or mutual interests alone, but rather Centre for Preventive Diplomacy in Central Asia, normally expect. Given the Turkmens' ancient tradi- in the regional and international contexts. Th Among its ongoing projects, Turkmenistan supplies which is to become an eff ective early warning tool to COUNTRY FOCUS
tions such as fr eedom of religious beliefs, a generally more denying that stronger and deeper fraternal relations electric power to Afghanistan, helps Afghans to re- prevent confl icts from fl aring up and to achieve peace- equal role for men and women in society, no constraints between the peoples of Turkmenistan and Iran have ceive an education at its educational institutions, and ful settlement of perilous situations in our region.
Involvement in world politics for us is promoting co- our educational system, being fi red by an ambition The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in operation among all countries to the best of our abil- that school certifi cates and university degrees award- Main exports:
Europe has described the lack of press freedom in the ity. At home we want peace and stability, and a bet- ed in Turkmenistan should be recognized across the country as "unprecedented" in the body's history. is year, we have raised enrolment at our GNI per capita:
Paris-based Reporters Without Frontiers said way to write our country's history book, every line of higher education institutes. New schools and colleges former President Niyazov's only use for the media was to Internet domain:
which will record the fi ne achievements of our people, or universities will soon be opened in the administra- International dialling
in which coming generations of our countrymen and tive centres of all velayats [regions]. Th Turkmenistan has "one of the worst media climates fraction of what we are doing with the sole purpose in the world," according to the Canada-based Interna- Q: A question suggests itself here — what do you see dur-
of giving our children a bright future, and creating a tional Freedom of Expression exchange forum. ing your tenure as President as your main duty to your President: Kurbanguly Berdymukhamedov
Programmes from Russian TV stations are cen- country's young people, the rising generation, or, in other Q: Mr. President, I have the honour to thank you on be-
Kurbanguly Berdymukhamedov was sworn in as words, what do you want to do for them? half of our editorial board and readers of the Herald of president after winning elections in February 2007 with Turkmentelecom and other state bodies control in- A: Th e rising generation is the future of our country.
Europe international magazine for this interview and ternet access. There are around 70,000 internet users Time is running out fast on us, too fast indeed to I would like to say how dearly we hope to see you again. There were six candidates in the poll, all from the (ITU, March 2008). All foreign-based Turkmen opposition notice it at all — today's children in schools and care A: It will be real pleasure for me. We have so much
Democratic Party of Turkmenistan. Exiled figures from centres will be the country's driving force tomorrow. to do, and I will be glad to tell your readers about the Turkmen opposition were banned from competing. And Turkmenistan's tomorrow will be as good as we Electoral officials put turnout out at over 95%. Rights THE PRESS
teach them to be today. We have initiated reforms in groups and Western diplomats condemned the election Neytralnyy Turkmenistan — Russian-language,
Weeks later the president was chosen as chairman Turkmenistan — Turkmen-language,, published six
COUNTRY PROFILE: TURKMENISTAN
population consisting of Turkmens. There are also Uz- of the People's Council, Turkmenistan's highest legisla- Turkmenistan is made up mainly of desert and has
beks, Russians and smaller minorities of Kazakhs, Tatars, Watan (Homeland) — Turkmen-language, pub-
the smallest population of the five former Soviet re-
A former deputy prime minister, Mr Berdymukhame- publics in Central Asia.
In contrast to other former Soviet republics, it has dov became acting president after authoritarian leader Galkynys (Revival) — Turkmen-language week-
It possesses the world's fifth largest reserves of been largely free of inter-ethnic hostilities. However, Saparmyrat Niyazov died in December 2006. Mr Niyazov ly, mouthpiece of the ruling Democratic Party of natural gas, and has substantial deposits of oil. Yet it is strong tribal allegiances can be a source of tension. still impoverished, and since independence from the So- With foreign investors keeping away, the Turkmen His nomination for the presidency surprised observ- Turkmen Dunyasi — Turkmen-language monthly,
viet Union in 1991 has remained largely closed to the ers because under the constitution the post should have mouthpiece of the Ashgabat-based World Turkmens The country has been unable to benefit fully from gone to People's Council chairman Ovezgeldy Atayev. It is effectively a one-party state, that party being its oil and gas deposits due to the absence of export However, after Mr Niyazov died Mr Atayev became the Adalat (Justice) in Turkmen
the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan led by the late routes and because of a dispute between the Caspian subject of a criminal investigation and was sacked. Edebiyat we Sungat (Literature and the Arts) in
president Saparmurat Niyazov until his death in Decem- Sea littoral states over the legal status of the sea where The new president has promised to continue the policies of his predecessor but also to introduce re- The late leader styled himself Turkmenbashi, or Turkmenistan produces roughly 60 billion cubic forms, including unlimited access to the internet, better TELEVISION
Father of the Turkmen, and made himself the centre of metres of natural gas each year and about two-thirds of Turkmen TV — state-owned, operates four net-
an omnipresent cult of personality. Mr Niyazov, who was its exports go to Russia's Gazprom. A protracted dispute Soon after coming to power, he restored pensions works, including main channel Altyn Asyr (Golden Age) made president for life in 1999, spent large sums of pub- between the two countries over the price ended in Sep- to more than 100,000 elderly citizens, reversing Presi- lic money on numerous grandiose projects, but not on tember 2006 when Gazprom agreed to pay 54% more. dent Niyazov's decisions to withdraw them the previous His successor, Kurbanguly Berdymuhamedov, says Once Mr Niyazov's personal dentist, Mr Berdy- he will follow in Mr Niyazov's footsteps, but has shown Population:
mukhamedov became Turkmen health minister in 1997 signs of a different approach, for instance by eschew- Capital:
and deputy premier in 2001. One of his tasks was to im- NEWS AGENCY/INTERNET
ing the pomp that accompanied his predecessor's public plement Mr Niyazov's health service reforms which are Turkmen State News Service (TSNS) — official
widely seen as having brought about its near collapse. His influence spread into every conceivable area Major language:
Kurbanguly Berdymukhamedov was born in 1957. News Central Asia — Turkmenistan-based agen-
of life in the republic. Turkmens were even expected to Major religion:
take spiritual guidance from his book, Ruhnama, a collec- Life expectancy:
tion of thoughts on Turkmen culture and history. The Turkmen government has an absolute monop- Story from BBC NEWS: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-
/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1298497.stm
Turkmenistan is the most ethnically homogeneous Monetary unit:
oly of the media. The authorities monitor media outlets, Published: 2008/07/30 12:30:02 GMT
of the Central Asian republics, the vast majority of its operate printing presses and lay down editorial policies. h e ra l d of e u ro p e 5 / 6 2 0 0 9
Source: http://www.heraldofeurope.co.uk/Issues/5/Country%20Focus/Interview_with_President_of_Turkmenistan/Interview_with_President_of_Turkmenistan.pdf
Q326.doc
Question 326 ETIOLOGIE ET TRAITEMENT DES PARALYSIE FACIALE PERIPHERIQUES La paralysie faciale a frigore ou paralysie de Bell Les paralysies faciales infectieuses Les paralysies faciales otogènes Les paralysies faciales de cause rare, congénitales ou générales Le nerf facial correspond à la septième paire crânienne. Les atteintes périphériques du VII peuvent résulter de lés
Cp lancement celsentri vf 27 11 08
Pfizer annonce la mise à disposition en France de Celsentri® Paris, le 27 novembre 2008 --- Pfizer met à disposition Celsentri® (maraviroc), premier représentant d'une nouvelle classe d'antirétroviraux par voie orale pour les patients prétraités, infectés par le VIH-1 à tropisme uniquement CCR5. Les patients ayant déjà fait l'expérience d'un traitement contre le VIH p


Last night was week two of our Financial Peace University, "Relating with Money". This lesson Dave stresses the importance of working together as a team and getting on the same page about the money. It can make or break your marriage.
The meat of the message is to work together on your budget by respecting each other's money personalities and styles. That is where discovering if you are a "Nerd" or "Free Spirit" financially comes into play. You are both to take a quiz and the answers will determine if you are a Nerd and like to crunch the numbers or if you are a Free Spirit and you feel smothered by the constraints of the budget. I was surprised to find out that I am equally categorized by both. I am always on time. Always. But I don't care if my sock drawer is not neatly organized.
Dave also introduced " Budget Committee Meetings". This is where you and your spouse plan to get together and discuss the budget. The Nerd will come up with the budget and present it to the Free Spirit. The Nerd must be quiet while the Free Spirit looks over the budget and makes a suggestion or two.
Dave's grown daughter presented a section on children and money. She discussed the importance of paying the child for a chore or chores instead of having a general allowance that the child just expects. She suggests for younger children make saving money more visual by using a clear jar or piggy bank. For older children she suggested using three envelopes to manage their money. One envelope for giving, one for saving and one for spending.
We will have our Budget Committee Meeting and discuss or quick budget again. We will also talk about how we both think of money and how to better work with each other financially. I am just loving this program so far. It is inspiring my husband to work with me and become more of a team player when it comes to our money. I would like to focus on how to accrue our 6 month emergency fund.
I'm glad that this continues to be a positive experience for you.
This all sounds very interesting. I suspect the way couples think about money can vary drastically depending on the make-up of the couple (nerd + free spirit, free-spirit + free-spirit, or nerd + nerd).
Great suggestions. We have been setting our financial priorities together and trying to understand what is important to each of us. For some fun things like a vacation now and then, we decided that it is better that we seek help from a financial planner.
Great job on going to FPU. We have found that the best way to conduct budget meetings--bring M&M's. The sugar helps the pain!!!!!


text:
Eye On Palestine
Publisher - The Mirror of Middle East
Taliban Seals Pakistan's Transit Routes, Cuts Trade With India
Trade between the two nations amounted to $1.4 billion in 2020-21 versus $1.52 billion in 2019-20
By Aakriti Dhawan On Aug 20, 2021
The Federation of Indian Export Organization (FIEO) last week said the Taliban have stopped all imports and exports with India. On Sunday, the Taliban seized control of Afghanistan's capital Kabul after almost two decades.
Dr. Ajay Sahai, Director General of FIEO said "the Taliban have stopped the movement of cargo through the transit routes of Pakistan, thereby stopping exports, imports" to and from India.
After this shocking seal, prices of dry fruits in India might increase in the near future as the country imports about 85% of these commodities from Afghanistan, says FIEO.
As a matter of fact, India is not only one of the largest trading partners of Afghanistan today but also holds a large investment of about 400 projects in the country.
"India exports sugar, pharmaceuticals, apparel, tea, coffee, spices, and transmission towers to Afghanistan. The imports are related and largely dependent on dry fruits. India also imports a little gum and onions from the country." says Sahai.
"The Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan will impact bilateral trade relations with India", said Praveen Khandelwal, secretary-general of the Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT).
As it is very clear that the prices of certain products may rise, CAIT representatives have advised domestic exporters to be warned and keep an eye on the developments.
CIAT's top members urge the government to recognize the situation and help the traders in order to avoid any financial crisis. They stated a clear possibility of a complete standstill in trade with Afghanistan for a long duration as the situation could worsen in the war-torn country.
"It is a landlocked country and the air route is the main medium of exports and that has been disrupted. Trade will resume only after the uncertainty eases. Private players will have to deal through third countries to export to Afghanistan, but it all depends on how the situation evolves," CAIT said.
Pointing out that India has healthy trade relations with Afghanistan, Sahai said that exports to Afghanistan were worth $835 million in FY21 and the imports from the country were worth $509 million (approx). With regard to exports, Sahai said some goods were being exported through the international North-South Corridor and other goods were going through the Dubai route.
Foreign Minister Dr. S Jaishankar on August 18 said that the government is closely monitoring developments in Afghanistan, stating that the focus is now on ensuring security and the return of Indians who are still there.
The external affairs ministry on Tuesday said in a statement: "The Government of India is committed to the safe return of all Indian nationals and will institute flight arrangements once Kabul airport is open for commercial operations."
A number of Indian nationals are still stuck in Afghanistan with officials saying that they will be repatriated only once commercial flights resume in Kabul airport.
However, after all this, trade with Dubai hasn't been impacted.
Aakriti Dhawan
Aakriti Dhawan is an Erasmus Mundus graduate. She is now working as a digital producer in Hamburg, Germany. Previously she has been associated with major media houses in India such as New Delhi Television and British Broadcasting Corporation. She has also conducted several investigative journalism projects in India and has been affiliated with conflict issues at UNHRC.
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In an effort to determine the most efficacious manner to deliver professional development training to early childhood educators, this study investigated the effect of a 2-h workshop followed by side-by-side classroom coaching. Twelve early childhood educators with 4-year degrees teaching in a university child development center participated in the study. The twice weekly classroom observations were analyzed for the use of math mediated language. Results indicate a 56% increase of math mediated language following the professional development; however, the greatest increase (39% increase over professional development condition) occurred during the side-by-side coaching phase of the treatment. These results corroborate previous findings that implementation of teaching strategies presented in professional development trainings can be enhanced by coaching teachers on the use of the strategies.


The Isle of Man TT Website - What is the Manx Government's future spending ?
What is the Manx Government's future spending ?
Here are some figures as detailed in a recent edition of the Manx Indie.
£13.3 million on the transmission main for the Iris Scheme (sewage treatment) which will result in the railway being closed from Santon to Castletown during next year's summer season.
Another thing they could be spending £9.5 million on, is restoring the pier in Ramsey. Plus, if that goes ahead, there will be a cost of £400,000 per year maintenance. How many people are going to use it, visit it, etc? Not many you would think. Where's this leading? In a year where there has been no racing on the Mountain circuit, have the powers that be taken the opportunity to do any major work on the course?
Work at May Hill was started around February time this year, it came to a stand still and is still not finished. (A good thing that the racing was called off perhaps !). From a reliable source, I have heard that the DOT is about 18 months behind schedule with their work.
There has been no other major work undertaken on the course since May Hill was abandoned. It makes you wonder if the government think the TT circuit is worth improving, i.e. re-doing the surface from Ginger Hall to Ramsey is a good example. The government is going to spend approximately £1 million on moving fences etc. to ensure that racing goes ahead next year, but in reality the figure could come to 10 times that.
So, Spectators beware! There has been a lot of talk about making 2002 the best yet. Well let's see some improvements made all around to let people know that the TT is here to stay and that the government is fully behind it. There certainly seems enough money in the pot to spend on all other projects mentioned above, so let's have some thrown at what is the greatest motorcycle race in the world!!!


1890 - showing cheese factory (creamery) north of the railroad. Kleven buildings south of railroad. MIstakenly (?) named Pine Bluff possibly from Bluff Post Office.
Notes: Talof Lee (or Lee Tallof); James Farrell; mgrs. At the time Lee Tallof was manager (1909), Arnold Sletto had his own cheese factory on his farm which was on the W-side of Klevenville.
Prior to the cheese factory, Klevenville had a creamery that closed in 1895.
Biennial report of the Dairy and Food Commissioner of WI: Klevenville 1906, 1913, 1916, 1922, 1930. The site was known as Bluff or Pine Bluff PO before it became Klevenville in 1884. There was a Bluff Cheese Factory listed in 1896 in Springdale - possibly this one.
From before the railroad went through and "Klevenville" was named.


text:
City Readers > People & Organizations > William Houston
William Houston (1755 - 1813)
Borrowing activity from 6/18/1790 to 5/3/1792.
William Churchill Houston (c. 1746 – August 12, 1788) was an American teacher, lawyer, and statesman. He was a delegate to both the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention for New Jersey. Houston was elected in 1785 to the American Philosophical Society.
read this on wikipedia.org
William Houston Library Average
Transcribed: Ossians Poems James Macpherson Volume 1 6/18/1790 7/8/1790
The works of Nicholas Machiavel, secretary of state to the republic of Florence. Newly translated from the originals; illustrated with notes, anecdotes, dissertations, and the life of Machiavel, never before published; and several new plans on the art of war. By Ellis Farneworth, M. A. Vicar of Rosthern in Cheshire, translator of the Life of Pope Sixtus V. and Davila's History of the civil wars of France. In two volumes. ...
Transcribed: Machiavels works Ellis Farneworth Volume 1 6/18/1790 7/1/1790
Transcribed: Machiavel Works Ellis Farneworth Volume 2 7/2/1790 7/29/1790
Transcribed: Homes Sketches Lord Henry Home Kames Volume 1 7/12/1790 7/29/1790
Transcribed: Don Quixote Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Volume 1 10/5/1791 10/12/1791
Transcribed: " Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Volume 2 10/12/1791 10/19/1791
Transcribed: " Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Volume 2 12/28/1791 1/5/1792
Transcribed: " Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Volume 3 1/5/1792 1/18/1792
Transcribed: " Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Volume 4 1/18/1792 2/1/1792
A year's journey through France, and part of Spain / by Philip Thicknesse.
Transcribed: Thickness Journey Philip Thicknesse Volume 1 2/1/1792 2/10/1792
Transcribed: " Philip Thicknesse Volume 2 2/10/1792 2/13/1792
Transcribed: Bridone Tour Patrick Brydone 2/13/1792 3/3/1792
Transcribed: Chateleaux Tra François-Jean Chastellux Volume 2 3/6/1792 3/7/1792
Travels into the interior parts of Africa. By the way of the Cape of Good Hope; in the years 1780, 81, 82, 83, 84, and 85. Translated from the French of M. Le Vaillant. ...
Transcribed: Vaillants " François Le Vaillant 3/7/1792 3/21/1792
Transcribed: Chateleaux Travels François-Jean Chastellux Volume 1 3/21/1792 4/4/1792
Transcribed: " François-Jean Chastellux Volume 2 4/2/1792 4/12/1792
Transcribed: Benyowsky Maurice Auguste Benyowsky Volume 1 4/12/1792 5/3/1792
Nicholas Bayard


text:
Apesar de dependente, universal
Santiago, Silviano, 1936-
Silvano Santiago begins this essay with the famous statement by Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes, "We are not Europeans nor North Americans, our original culture has been eliminated: nothing is foreign to us as everything here is foreign. Our own creation is pathetically constituted from the dialectical purge of not being [ourselves] and being [another]." Santiago examines the problems educed by the formation of the Brazilian identity influenced by the interjection of the European culture, and by the eventual valuation of indigenous traditions. Based on this analogy, Santiago appeals to a new comparative approach in the study of Brazilian literature by administering the following "three counteracting agents": The notion of cultural anthropofagy (Oswald de Andrade); the notion of "tradition and memories" (Mário de Andrade); and the notion of the "radical type" employed by the Concretism from São Paulo.
He believed that these notions were useful in avoiding false disconnects between backwardness and originality and between source and influence. He also believed these notions would bring to light, such as in the process of "decolonization" in the texts of the dominated culture, a representation of the texts of the dominant culture in a new creative narrative.
Professor and writer Silvano Santiago, discussing on the subject of Brazilian identity, explores the possible portrayal of an "intermediary place" for Brazilian culture. His objective is to explore a twofold opposition against the impulse of total assimilation into European culture and the absolute refusal to accept its own. Silvano has written extensively on this theme in essays available in the ICAA digital archive, as in "Atração do Mundo (políticas de identidade e de globalização na moderna cultura brasileira)" (1111341), and in a text closely linked to this document, "O entre-lugar do discurso latino-americano" (807968).
culture and related concepts
SANTIAGO, Silviano. Apesar de dependente, universal. In: SANTIAGO, Silviano. Vale quanto pesa: ensaio sobre questões político-culturais. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1982. p.13-24.
Biblioteca da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas - FFLCH/USP
Equipe Brasil: Fernanda Pitta


I am a microbial ecologist, and my research career has centred on the investigation of the role of microorganisms in providing ecosystem services, especially in the carbon cycle. I have a particular interest in investigating microbial groups or genes that have been overlooked in this academic field, and which might have an unappreciated role in ecosystem function.I obtained my BSc degree in Biological Sciences from the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Brazil, in 2002. Between September 2002 and October 2005 I worked as a marine biology research assistant at Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) in Plymouth, UK. In December 2009 I obtained my PhD in Biological Sciences from the University of Liverpool, where my research focused on cellulose-degrading communities in freshwater lakes. Subsequently, I joined the environmental microbiology research group at University College Dublin, Ireland, for my first postdoctoral position. I moved to Australia for my second postdoc at the Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organization (CSIRO) in Canberra. At CSIRO I investigated spatial-temporal variability of soil microbial communities. I joined the University of Salford as a career development research fellow at the end of May 2015. Currently I am developing studies in collaboration with other researchers from the University of Salford, as well as from the University of Liverpool, Manchester and Nottingham focusing on 3 main areas: 1, research in antibiotic resistance gene persistence and dissemination in the environment; 2, relationships between gut microbiome, environment and the immune system in mice populations; and 3, the use of DNA metabarcoding to monitor fish populations for their sustainable management.


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Ventana Canyon residents also enjoy the convenience of assigned parking and garages, easy access to the Sunset Station and Galleria Mall, professional onsite management, and the assurance of 24-hour maintenance.
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