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Living Brave
From Vulnerability to Daring
By Mary Sykes Wylie, Rich Simon
In June 2010, Brené Brown, a research professor at the University of Houston Graduate College of Social Work, gave a TEDx talk in Houston on "the power of vulnerability," condensing six years of research on shame resilience into a spare 20 minutes. Disarmingly hesitant at first, she didn't so much address the audience as she seemed to confide in it, telling two interwoven stories: one about her academic research into shame and vulnerability, the other about the spiritual and psychological crisis the work precipitated in her, leading to a much deeper experience of authenticity and human connection.
The thesis of her talk went something like this: a pervasive sense of shame makes many of us—particularly in America—feel unworthy of human connection. Why the shame? Because in this perfectionistic culture, most of us believe we're "not good enough . . . not thin enough, rich enough, beautiful enough, smart enough, promoted enough" to be worthy of love. So we can't afford to let our guard down, become vulnerable, because letting others see us as we really are would mean we'd be rejected out of hand. Better to avoid emotional risk, avoid vulnerability, and numb ourselves to any pain we can't escape.
The personal and social costs of this strategy, however, are great. "We are the most in-debt, obese, addicted, and medicated adult cohort in US history," she told audiences, with shopping, food, drugs, and alcohol being well-tested means for numbing out unpleasant emotions. Besides that, the whole shame/vulnerability-avoidance game backfires: by dodging emotional risks, we miss out on the genuine human connection we're so terrified of losing in the first place.
But Brown's research had shown that some people have escaped the shame trap. How? They let themselves be vulnerable. "They believed that what made them vulnerable made them beautiful," as Brown puts it. They somehow have developed a profound sense of inner worthiness. Rather than always thinking, I'm not good enough, they live in the belief I'm enough. Grounded in this rock-bottom sense of their fundamental acceptability as human beings, for whom being good enough is plenty good, they can take hold of their courage and accept their vulnerability, live "wholeheartedly" (a basic concept for Brown), loving without reservation or guarantees, living with the courage to be imperfect (unafraid to let others see their imperfections), opening themselves fully to whatever life brings, good or bad, pain or joy. In short, Brown said, "They were willing to let go of who they thought they should be in order to be who they were—which you have to absolutely do for connection." Their mantra, so to speak, was "I'm just so grateful, because to feel this vulnerable means I'm alive."
How do these paragons of mental and emotional health do it? Well, this talk, after all, lasted only 20 minutes; more on that would come later, much more. For the time being, Brown's remarks struck a powerful chord with the few hundred people in the room. A little more than four minutes into her talk, when she first mentioned the word shame and its power to unravel human connection, the audience—respectfully quiet before—now responded as one voice with a collective, low, but distinctly audible "mmm-hmmm," roughly translated as "yep, we know what that feels like."
The talk was a rousing success, in good part because Brown excelled at what's become informally known as the TED style: a blend of research or educational content, personal experience—usually including a period of struggle and failure—followed by breakthrough to new insight into an old problem and personal epiphany. When the formula works, it produces in attendees a potent mix of inspiration and aspiration. Indeed, TED speakers have been compared to secular missionaries, and the presentations often do seem to be modeled on a line from the old spiritual "Amazing Grace": "I once was lost, but now am found."
The ability to carry the audience aloft on a cloud of shared euphoria takes no small talent. A masterful storyteller with great stage presence, a wonderfully expressive face and voice, and the kind of timing that hopeful stand-up comedians would die for, Brown had the audience in the palm of her hand from her first sentence. It didn't hurt that she came across as the genuine article—a smart, honest, slightly smart-alecky Texas girl with a disarming talent for self-mockery. As it turned out, her story resonated deeply with many people. Many, many, many people, not just those in the room.
Almost immediately, the number of viewers who'd seen the video online took off, and then within less than two years, grew to nearly six million people. (Since then, this talk has garnered a staggering 25.5 million views, making it one of the top-10 TED talks ever.) Unsurprisingly, Brown was asked to give another TED talk in March 2012, this one at the so-called flagship TED conference in Long Beach, California. The 2010 conference had been one of hundreds of modest, locally planned and sourced one-day community affairs (though licensed by the central TED organization), held all over the globe every year. The annual flagship conference, what we might call Big TED, is a five-day brainy extravaganza, costing attendees many thousands of dollars, and featuring as many famous or semifamous or wannabe famous thinkers, shakers, movers, doers, leaders, and "creatives" as can be assembled in one place at one time.
The TED talks essentially skyrocketed Brown from her life as a well-regarded but relatively unknown academic researcher/professor to a pop psychology megamedia star—blessed by Oprah (on Oprah's SuperSoul Sunday in 2013 and in her Lifeclass series and O Magazine), highlighted all over popular media platforms, including Richard Branson's Virgin Podcasts and Chase Jarvis's video series 30 Days of Genius, featuring interviews with "the world's top creatives + entrepreneurs" (Richard Branson, Ariana Huffington, Jared Leto, and Mark Cuban, among others). Brown's also written four successful books: I Thought It Was Just Me (2008), The Gifts of Imperfection (2010), Daring Greatly (2012), and Rising Strong (2015), of which the last three, boosted by the TED talks, are New York Times bestsellers.
Brown also appears to be almost continuously on the road, doing book tours or giving talks and leading seminars at numerous big corporations, organizations, and institutions; a sampling of the better known includes the United States Military Academy at West Point, Google, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Microsoft, NASA, AT&T, Facebook, Stanford Business School, and something called, seriously, the annual World Domination Summit in Portland, Oregon (which apparently only wants to "dominate" in the kindest, most liberating, creativity-encouraging, socially responsive, environmentally correct way). And, as if she didn't have enough on her plate, Brown now has two educational companies based on her research and theories: CourageWorks (an e-learning platform offering online courses based on her research) and The Daring Way (an extensive, in-depth certification course for counselors and therapists). Oh, and she's still a research professor at the University of Houston Graduate College of Social Work, which now sports the Brené Brown Endowed Chair of Social Work, supported by a two-million-dollar grant from the Huffington Foundation.
Investigating Shame
By any measure, Brené Brown is a phenomenon. And yet, notwithstanding her talents as a teacher and speaker or the surprising appeal that the subject of shame apparently holds for millions of people, it's not immediately clear why she should be such a runaway hit. Haven't therapists and pop psychologists and self-help gurus been talking and writing about shame and its malign effects—and possible antidotes—for decades? John Bradshaw, the famous counselor and motivational speaker par excellence first shot to fame nearly 30 years ago with his concept of "toxic shame," popularized in his workshops and bestselling book Healing the Shame that Binds You (1988), and shame as an issue in both psychotherapy and pop psychology has been on a roll ever since. So why has Brené Brown made such a splash, and why now?
It might have something to do with the internet, which has made people more aware of the vast reach that shame has in our culture. While public shaming has always been a popular sport, the advent of online shaming—did it originate in 2004 with Facebook or 2006 with Twitter?—took it to unprecedented levels. Nowadays, the mass shaming of just about anybody for just about any reason, however trivial, is much easier, longer lasting, and possibly more poisonous than at any time in human history. It isn't just the local villagers who jeer at the shamed person in the stocks for a day, but the increasing thousands and then millions who watch and revel in someone's downfall and maybe tweet a few punches themselves, increasing the virulence of the attack and keeping it alive, often for months.
But you don't have to be prey to a million snarling digital curs to experience the kind of shame that, in Brown's view, suffuses our society, and perhaps always has. After all, a society that glorifies rugged individualism and makes a fetish of the self-made man or woman—the idea that anybody who genuinely tries hard enough can make it—will look with suspicion on people who haven't made it. The usual suspects are the poor, the old, the fat, the unbeautiful, the powerless. But, Brown suggests, the list of those not quite making it also includes millions of us who simply believe we are "never good enough, never perfect enough, never thin enough, never powerful enough, never successful enough, never smart enough, never certain enough, never safe enough, never extraordinary enough"—a self-assessment chronically internalized as shame.
Unlike the toxic shame driven generally by child abuse, trauma, and neglect that Bradshaw describes, Brown focuses on what might be called normal shame, the kind most of us experience routinely. This much more quotidian form of shame is less like a profound wound and more like a chronic low-grade fever, which spikes dramatically from time to time, often provoked by ordinary daily incidents: a hurtful putdown by a friend, the excruciating morning memory of how loud you were at last night's party, the bored sighs and eye rolls among colleagues as you stumble through an ill-prepared presentation, the certainty that everybody in the room is younger, better looking, more stylishly dressed than you, and so forth ad infinitum. Of course, we all engage in ordinary shaming acts ourselves as well; even nice people are frequently not nice. And if we have a scintilla of empathy for others, these acts of ours cause us to feel shame for the shame we've caused—a perfect circle of shame begetting shame.
As Brown points out, shame is so painful, so hard to experience, that our instinct is to haul ourselves back into our hidey-holes, go into what she calls "lizard-brain survival mode," or else don various emotional masks and armor and try to avoid ever again being vulnerable enough to risk being so painfully exposed and belittled. In fact, we can't stand even the word vulnerability—it sounds like sick kittens and toddlers with teddy bears and endless whining about the suffering of our "inner child." After all, it's the opposite of strength, toughness, and steely determination, right? And even if, as Brown defines it, vulnerability means "uncertainty, risk, and emotional exposure" and is "the core of all emotions and feelings . . . the birthplace of love, joy, belonging, trust, intimacy, creativity, and all the good things," who wants to be this poor, soft, soppy vulnerability baby? Certainly, vulnerability won't get you a corner office or admission to Harvard, or even pay the rent!
But in a startling feat of semantic legerdemain, Brown has taken the concepts of shame and vulnerability and turned them completely on their heads. As she sees it, shame is universal and normal and, far from being something to hide and avoid, can be a kind of goad—however unpleasant—to making changes in our lives for the better. In short, she subversively makes shame less shameful, a part of the ordinary human condition. So the question isn't why shame, but what to do about it. Can we really turn this sow's ear into a silk purse?
The Power of Vulnerability
In a way, yes—which brings us yet again to vulnerability. Far from being the quintessential expression of weakness, signaling a regression into emotional infantilism, vulnerability (which, remember, leaves us exposed to the possibility of shame), when faced and accepted and fruitfully used, is a thoroughly adult form of personal and moral strength, the embodiment of what used to be called character. To allow ourselves to be vulnerable, Brown writes in Rising Strong, requires in us "the courage to show up and be seen, even if it means risking failure, hurt, shame, and possibly even heartbreak." To willingly inhabit the vulnerability that's truly the lot of all humans is the key to living authentically, or what she maintains in The Gifts of Imperfection is "the choice to show up and be real . . . the choice to be honest . . . the choice to let our true selves be seen." That means, paradoxically, "leaning in" (a favorite Brown expression) to the feelings that most of us want to avoid. The very title of Daring Greatly is drawn from the words of a man who was certainly the embodiment in American history of all-out valor, derring-do, no-holds-barred commitment—the manly man famously devoted to the strenuous life, Theodore Roosevelt. And Brown quotes TR on the first page of her book: "It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, who comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does actually strive to do the deeds; who knows great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end, the triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly."
Whew. In this muscular vision of the good life, the fear of shame—that bane of all human existence—must not be an excuse for going to the ground, but an uncomfortable prod to living as wholeheartedly as possible. In short, don't bury your shame or hide your vulnerability, but bring them out into the light of day—suitably clothed, of course, since Brown isn't an advocate of runaway confessionalism or baring your shame-wounds indiscriminately, but of sharing with discernment. "Vulnerability is based on mutuality and requires boundaries and trust," she writes in Daring Greatly. "It's not oversharing, it's not purging, it's not indiscriminate disclosure, and it's not celebrity-style social media information dumps. Vulnerability is about sharing our feelings and our experiences with people who have earned the right to hear them." Maybe it's a kind of psychologically astute, 21st-century version of Robert Frost's famous line "Good fences make good neighbors." And it may be relevant that even though Frost's narrator doesn't seem to like the idea of walls, the joint wall-mending project with his neighbor requires both men to engage and work together. In Brown's view, you can't have shame-healing wholeheartedness without forging and experiencing human connection—life-giving, for sure, but also often painful and hard, leaving us (metaphorically, we hope) like TR's hero, "marred by dust and sweat and blood."
But what seems to resonate most with audiences and readers is Brown's personal integrity and authenticity. In both her books and presentations, we believe her when she talks about how well she personally knows the costs of failure and shame, the resort to defensiveness, self-righteousness, blame, and revenge when cornered, the overall and under-all terror of vulnerability. Indeed, just such an open admission of vulnerability was probably what helped propel her to fame in the first place. In that first TEDx talk, for instance, she recalled her own "breakdown spiritual awakening" (as the words appeared on a screen behind her while she talked), triggered by the discovery that the very qualities held by shame-resilient and wholehearted people were qualities she almost entirely lacked. A hard-driving, take-charge, perfectionistic, self-critical sort of person, she found out—much to her initial distress—that the valiant souls she most admired had, quite simply, the courage to be imperfect, the self-compassion not to punish themselves every time they were imperfect, and the willingness to "let go of who they thought they should be in order to be who they were."
Since then, she's candidly spoken and written of numerous such incidents of shame and hard-fought recovery, falling and floundering and getting up again, both from her own life and from her research. All the while, one book to the next, one presentation to the next, we not only feel she's in some degree just like us, but see her grow, gradually relaxing into her genuine self, albeit not always without certain qualms. As she charmingly writes in Rising Strong, becoming herself meant coming to terms with the fact that she wasn't and never would be a "sophisticated New York intellectual with a loft in SoHo and a weekly appointment with an expensive analyst." She wanted to be Annie Hall, she writes, but discovered that she had more in common with Annie Oakley, "a cusser from a long maternal line of cussers," who grew up hunting deer and shooting skeet, and can't understand why everybody doesn't say y'all and fixin' and tump, as in "Kids! Be careful! Y'all are fixin' to tump those glasses over."
Brown can be funny and engaging, but at bottom she's profoundly serious about what she calls "the work," which seems to be as much a spiritual as psychological quest. Her own life looks a bit like a spiritual pilgrimage, from a worldview that venerated certainty, self-sufficiency, control, predictability—in fact, perfect invulnerability—to one that was richer, more promising in its rewards, but also implicitly riskier, less secure. In one interview, she talks about "leaning into what you cannot see, knowing somehow you will come out the other side okay." A member of the Episcopal Church (she joined at the height of her own emotional crisis), she described her research—and in fact, life itself—as a constant "tension between qualitative and quantitative, what's measurable and not measurable, what's known and what's mystery. . . . It is a dance, and sometimes the dance is choreographed steps and to know them is beautiful. But sometimes you just shut your eyes and twirl." Brown seems to be trying to help us live less choreographed lives and do a little more wholehearted twirling.
In the following interview with Networker editor Rich Simon, Brown, who will be the keynote speaker at the 2017 Networker Symposium, discusses the applications of her work for the practice of psychotherapy, as well as facing the challenges of her own unexpected media celebrity.
An Interview with Brené Brown
NETWORKER: Most therapists spend a lot of time addressing the same issues you highlight in your work: people's experience of shame, guilt, blame, and self-judgment. But over the past few years, beginning with the incredible popularity of your 2010 TED talk, it's hard to think of anyone in our profession who's sparked more of a response in the broader culture than you have. What is it about your work that you think has generated so much attention?
BRENÉ BROWN: First, I want to say that I started my research on shame and vulnerability as a graduate student by talking to therapists who helped me understand these constructs and how they fit together. But until recently, the social processes underlying shame haven't received the attention they deserve in the research community. Nonetheless, I think so many people resonate with my research because I use simple language to describe things and share my own story and struggles. I know from my personal experience that these topics can be uncomfortable and painful. I'm not always comfortable relating the research to my own experiences, but I think facing that fear and unwillingness, and translating the research, can change lives.
NW: Within the therapy world, it was probably John Bradshaw who first explored the central role of shame in personal transformation. How would you compare Bradshaw's perspective with your own?
BROWN: I'm pretty sure that I wouldn't be doing this work without Bradshaw's book Healing the Shame that Binds You. But his perspective was shaped by the recovery movement and his own interest in evolutionary biology. As a grounded theory researcher and social scientist, I come at the subject differently. Rather than starting with existing theories, grounded theory researchers build an understanding of a concept based on people's lived experiences. The theory emerges fully from the data collected from research participants and is then placed in the context of existing theories. One of the reasons grounded theories feel relevant to people is simply because the work is built on their experiences. Our job is to stay out of the way, keep our preconceived ideas in check, and use powerful, resonating language to make connections and conceptualize what we've learned. In many ways, it's similar to clinical work.
NW: Your work is filled with unique expressions describing the ways we all try to cover up our sense of shame and inadequacy. I love the image of the "vulnerability hangover"! It seems to give people a sense of discovering something inside themselves that was always there right below the surface but that they hadn't noticed quite so clearly before. Does that come naturally to you?
BROWN: Earlier I said something about using "simple" language—but for me, finding the right words is so painstaking. Maybe it's a sophistication-in-simplicity kind of thing, but it's laborious. I can struggle over the single right word for months. I've had to unlearn what I was taught in my doctoral work—-that being too accessible can be hazardous to your career. In the eyes of some people, it means that you're not smart. But I've overcome my need to sound like an expert and prove myself constantly. In fact, a central part of my research method is finding a way to name basic human processes that enables people to recognize them in themselves and realize that everyone else can recognize them too.
NW: So tell me a story about how your choice of words helps draw people more into your work.
BROWN: When I told my publisher that I wanted to call my third book Daring Greatly, and to use part of Theodore Roosevelt's "man in the arena" speech as the epigraph, he said, "No, no, absolutely not." The publishing team thought it was awkward English and no one would get the concept of "daring greatly." But I felt that I had to go to battle for it, especially since this was the first book where I was including my research on men, and I wanted men to read it. My previous book, The Gift of Imperfection, was more gendered, in terms of how the book looked and even its title. So I flew to New York to discuss it with my publisher face-to-face. It was that important to me. They were like, "'Daring greatly?' Come on, no one speaks like that anymore." And I said, "But it's aspirational. Everyone wants to dare. Everyone wants to dare greatly." And they came back by saying, "It's 2012, we're not gladiators any more. People don't resonate with Roosevelt's image of being in an arena." But I told them that I thought people felt like they were in the arena every day, especially when they were having a difficult conversation with their partner or inside a tough parenting moment, or negotiating something at work. And so I wound up giving what turned out to be a long speech, explaining how the quote had been transformative for me."This is vulnerability," I said. "Everything I've learned from over a decade of research on vulnerability has taught me this exact lesson. Vulnerability isn't knowing victory or defeat: it's understanding the necessity of both. It's engaging. It's being all in. It's daring greatly. Whether the arena is a new relationship, an important meeting, our creative process, or a difficult family conversation, we must find the courage to walk into vulnerability and engage with our whole hearts. We live in a culture of cruelty and cynicism. It can be scary to be real. It'd feel safer to be perfect or bulletproof before we walk into that arena—but as seductive as that sounds, perfection and bulletproof don't exist in the human experience. Daring greatly is an invitation to be courageous, to show up and let ourselves be seen, even when there are no guarantees."
By the time I was done, we were all in tears. I think we want to be inspired, and maybe it comes down to the fact that I'm not embarrassed about the parts of myself that get goosebumps when the marching band takes the field at halftime, or when someone gives a rousing speech or gets the golden buzzer on one of those hidden-talent-in-America shows. Inspiration and aspiration are important!
NW: Therapists are often criticized because our language is too sensitive and feminized. As one of your male readers, I think a big part of your appeal is that you're so comfortable around what are usually seen as traditionally masculine qualities, like courage and daring. You're also comfortable with earthy language and referring to things as shitty, instead of using euphemisms. You're like the girl who grew up hanging out with the guys.
BROWN: I'm very Texan, and that's how we're raised. Girls play sports, fish, hunt, and spit, at least up to a certain age. So, yes, I'm very comfortable with the male perspective, and I think that's served me incredibly well. I've seen and lived the pain men feel when they have to orphan the parts of themselves that are vulnerable and sensitive. I know what it looks like when men and boys have to maintain emotional stoicism in the face of pain and even trauma. I know the underbelly of the "get 'er done" and "suck it up" family and culture. The tenacity and grit part of that upbringing has served me, but I wasn't taught how to deal with uncertainty or how to manage emotional risk. I spent a lot of years trying to outrun or outsmart vulnerability by making things certain and definite, black and white, good and bad. My inability to lean into the discomfort of vulnerability limited the fullness of those important experiences that are wrought with uncertainty: love, belonging, trust, joy, and creativity, to name a few. Learning how to be vulnerable has been a street fight for me, but it's been worth it. I think I can talk to men about this in a way that resonates and doesn't come off as judgmental.
NW: Among the many things that stood out about your famous TED talk was your famous jean jacket. I can't think of many speakers who'd wear a jean jacket when they're having their big, national moment on the TED stage. I love that!
BROWN: I wear jeans everywhere, whether I'm giving a talk at IBM, or just going out shopping. It's just who I am. Denim is to Texas what wool and tartan are to Scotland. It's so important to me that people see themselves in my stories and in my work, and for that to happen, I have to be brutally authentic. I can't show up in a Brooks Brothers suit all botoxed with big hair. That's not who I am.
Every time I speak to a faith organization, they say, "Look, we need you to watch your language." And every time I talk to a large corporation, they say, "Look, we need you to leave out the part where you talk about spirituality and faith." And my message to both of them is "I've spent my entire career sitting across from people, listening to them talk about the most painful and difficult moments in their lives, and two things are always involved—cussing and praying. So if you're looking for someone who's going to change what they're going to say based on your audience, I'm not the person to bring in."
The Daring Way
NW: You've developed your own training program for mental health professionals called The Daring Way. How is it different from the training that therapists might get elsewhere?
BROWN: At the core of The Daring Way is the axiom that you have to do this work in order to do this work. It's based on the idea that what gets in the way of therapists' being more effective usually isn't professional development: it's personal development in the context of the work. I also think it's important to put together a community of people who are not only applying the work in their practices, but also doing the work themselves. The first day of all The Daring Way trainings, we ask people the same five questions, and keep referring to them throughout our time together: What brought you here? What are your fears/concerns? What would a successful experience look like for you? What support do you need from this group to do the experential work that's part of this training? What boundaries need to be put in place for you to feel safe?
One of the main shame triggers for therapists is the fear of not being perceived as good enough by other therapists. They don't want other people to know things about them that might indicate that they don't have their shit together, like "I'm going through a divorce right now" or "I've got a son in rehab." But the whole idea of The Daring Way is that everybody has a life story filled with heartaches and experiences where they've fallen. If not, they're not in a position to help others. Part of what makes The Daring Way unique is the importance of recognizing the strengths in our imperfections. We need to stay aware of our darkness in order to bring the light to those we're trying to serve. For example, I can't imagine a client wanting to work through shame with a therapist who can't relate to what shame feels like and how scary it is to surface it and talk about it. Shared vulnerability to human experiences like shame, grief, and scarcity is such an important core of the therapeutic relationship.
NW: Specifically, how do you bring the participants' struggles with their own sense of shame and vulnerability into the training process?
BROWN: When I ask a room of 200 therapists, "How many of you believe shame is the cornerstone of what you deal with every day in your practices?" 100 percent of the hands go up. And then when I ask, "How many of you have actually studied shame, dug into shame as a construct, really looked at it in your formal training?" probably four or five hands go up. The work around this in The Daring Way is very experiential. Everyone creates what we call shame art. For this project, one young woman I remember composed and played a haunting melody on the oboe, an instrument she hadn't picked up for seven years. The last time she'd played was when she'd been an undergrad music major and had been told that she'd never make it as an oboist.
There was a single dad in that same group, who'd told his son about his shame art project while he was tucking the boy in one night. The boy said, "I know what that means. Shame is when you look like this," and the kid crouched in the corner of his bedroom like a scared animal. So the dad said, "Let's make this art project together." And together they built a box that had a giant hand in it pointing at a child in the corner. All around the box were expressions like "You're stupid," "You're not smart enough," "You belong in the slow class."
When people present their shame art, it's profoundly transformative for everyone involved. Throughout the training, we talk about the importance of therapists' finding appropriate ways to share their vulnerability with clients. We believe that a big part of what makes therapy work is the client's seeing the therapist as a person who intimately knows shame and vulnerability. And so being able to externalize through art the things that are usually unnamed and unspeakable inside of us is very powerful.
NW: What else is distinctive about The Daring Way?
BROWN: At the end of a training program, we ask participants what the most transformative learning experience was, and it's always the psychoeducational parts, like understanding the differences among shame, guilt, humiliation, and embarrassment. It's getting them to the point where they can say, "Okay, now I'm clear what shame is. Oh, okay, guilt, that's different." Or it's debunking the myths of vulnerability so they can say, "Oh, vulnerability isn't weakness; being vulnerable is actually an act of courage. Real vulnerability isn't oversharing: it's sharing with boundaries." There's a tremendous power in finding the right language for describing things. Early on, we asked more than 1,000 people to name every emotion that they've experienced in their lives. Do you know what the mean number of emotions is? Three: happy, sad, pissed off.
NW: There's a kind of a waked-up quality to what you're calling psychoeducation that owes a lot to your abilities as a wordsmith and storyteller. For your huge audience, you've become such an immediate presence as a kind of companion on their personal journey.
BROWN: I think that's the connective tissue of what I'm trying to do. But I also think people have been drawn to my work because my research asks the basic question about meeting the challenges in our lives: what do men and women who manage to get back up after deep disappointment, heartbreak, grief, and failure share in common? What enables some people to become even more tenacious and courageous as a result of falling? In Rising Strong, I show that what they share is a three-stage process: the Reckoning, the Rumble, and the Revolution. People have to reckon with difficult and intense emotions. They then have to rumble with the hard stories they're telling themselves that can sometimes get in their way of growing and moving on in their lives. Finally, the revolution comes when they recognize their part in making up the stories they're telling themselves that are getting in their way.
So one of the things we've developed is what we call the "rumble glossary." It gives people language for emotions and experiences that they literally don't have words for. For example, we've identified anger as a secondary emotion. So if you're pissed off, what's under that? Is this really disappointment, or is this grief? There was just an interesting article in the New York Times that talks about the importance of distinguishing between the nuances of difficult emotions and how that capacity is positively correlated with recovery time from difficult setbacks in life. Everyone wants to be brave enough to rumble with these challenging emotions, but what are they? First you've got to name them.
NW: You've talked about your mission being to start a global conversation about shame and vulnerability. Aside from your TED talks and books, what are the main instruments that you've developed for doing that?
BROWN: After the TED talks and after the books really started taking off, and I was doing things that attracted a lot of attention, like SuperSoul Sunday with Oprah, I started getting emails from people saying, "I just read your book and I didn't realize what shame was before. Now I'm in the middle of understanding how it's shaped my life. So what do I do next?" So I started feeling an ethical imperative to go from being just a researcher to taking the next step and training some people who could serve as guides and coaches. There's very little research on helpful interventions around shame. And the research we do have indicates that a lot of interventions can exacerbate shame in clients, rather than heal it. That's what led to creating The Daring Way and developing a group of licensed practitioners we can refer people to all around the country.
Online courses can be transformative. Reading a book or listening to a talk have potential for transformation too. But we knew we had to offer a high-touch, face-to-face training program and that doing that would be really expensive. And I thought, You know what? Even if I have to fund it personally, I don't care. We now have about 1,500 Daring Way practitioners around the world. I've never drawn a salary from The Daring Way. That's not the purpose of it.
NW: Since that first TED talk, you've been on the extraordinary ride of becoming someone whose work is known around the world and who's become a media celebrity. I wonder if you could talk about what that's been like for you personally.
BROWN: I think if I'd had a way to stand under the work and push it into the spotlight while also staying out of it, that would've been ideal. I'm very, very, very, very introverted. I'm completely missing the fame gene. Sometimes people will say, "Can you come talk at this event? If you do, you can meet this famous person." That has zero appeal to me. It's not that I'm repelled by it as much as I'm just not attracted to it. At a personal level, if I'm out in public and in a good place and someone asks, "Are you Brené Brown? Can we take a picture together?" That's fine, but if I'm tired or stressed and somebody does that, it can almost be anxiety-producing for me. So if we're talking about my work, that's great, but if I'm taking a selfie with you, sometimes that's hard. I've learned that the first question I ask myself about every offer and opportunity that comes my way is: does it serve the work? As our prominence starts to get larger, bright and shiny things get thrown at us all the time. Lots of opportunities to make money and receive recognition come in. But at the end of the day, it's about getting the work out to the widest range of people while maintaining its integrity. So I keep grounded by asking, "Does this offer or invitation really serve the work?" And the reality is that 90 percent of the time, it doesn't. What does matter is being able to offer people an opportunity to engage in the work in the most meaningful way possible.
Mary Sykes Wylie, PhD, is a senior editor at Psychotherapy Networker. Rich Simon, PhD, is the editor of the Networker and conducted the interview.
Tell us what you think about this article by emailing letters@psychnetworker.org. Want to earn CE hours for reading it? Visit our website and take the Networker CE Quiz.
Photo © Maile Wilson
Topic: Anxiety/Depression | Creativity
Tags: courage | Mary Sykes Wylie | Networker Symposium | Rich Simon | shame | TED
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Tuesday, January 24, 2017 8:36:51 AM | posted by Ann
Sunday, September 4, 2016 2:26:23 PM | posted by
I am on the faculty of the Adler Graduate School of Minnesota. I require all my masters students to view Brown's amazing TED talks. Her message resonates with Alfred Adler's philosophy, including The Courage To Be Imperfect.


Dan Moughamian, coauthor of Real World Compositing with Adobe Photoshop CS4, continues his discussions on how to create interesting composites with Photoshop. In part 2 of this three-part series, we're working with Photoshop CS4 Extended to combine 2D imagery and 3D objects.
This article is the second in a series covering the basic workflow for compositing 2D imagery with 3D objects created in Photoshop CS4 Extended. In part 1, we modified the scene containing the 2D imagery to prepare it for the addition of 3D imagery. We'll start out this time by making some slight shape modifications to the cloud formation that will serve as the "backdrop" for our 3D orb, and then create the actual 3D object, so we can scale it and place it in the approximate location where we want to use it.
The next step in our compositing process was to make the inside of the "cloud ring" look a bit more geometric and uniform, as if it were being pushed outward in all directions by some invisible force. To do this, I used the Liquify filter and its masking tools to push and nudge parts of the cloud formation selectively into a more circular pattern. Figure 1 shows the image in the Liquify filter dialog as I made the edits.
In CS4, you cannot integrate Liquify edits as Smart Filters, so make a duplicate of your background before using this filter.
Figure 1 The Liquify filter can be a great way to mold the 2D elements in a scene so that they visually blend with the other elements in your final composite.
The first thing I did was to click the Mask All button on the ride side of the dialog. Any area you mask (shown in red in Figure 1) is protected against the warping transformations you make with the various tools found on the left side of the Liquify dialog. Next, I used the Thaw Mask tool (press D) to paint a horseshoe-shaped area along the cloud ring's boundary. Unfreezing a masked area means that it will be affected by the Liquify tools you use.
Finally, I used the Forward Warp tool (press W) to "push" the cloud edge into a more rounded shape. Notice that both the masking and warp tools use brush cursor parameters (shown at upper right), just like other brushes in Photoshop. Experiment with these tools to find the right balance.
Warping over or near areas with textured details can cause distracting distortions. Here, I made sure that any "stretching" of the land beneath the clouds nudged in a direction that didn't cause any odd-looking waviness.
Before creating a 3D object in Photoshop CS4 Extended, make sure that you have the new 3D panel available and stretched out a bit in height, so that you'll have quick access to the various 3D "styling" options later. Do this by choosing Window > 3D. Part 3 of this series will talk more about what this panel does; for now, let's go ahead and create a 3D object for our scene!
As a 3D starting point, consider the size of your document and your output purposes. When you create a 3D object from a Photoshop layer, the larger the layer's pixel dimensions are, the longer it will take to create and process various changes to the object. I was targeting this image for web output, and I knew that I didn't need to go wider than 1024 pixels, so I sized my image down to that width and created a new, empty layer. From there, I chose 3D > New Shape from Layer > Sphere. A few seconds later, I had a large gray sphere right on top of my image, as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Creating three-dimensional objects from empty layers is a snap in Photoshop CS4 Extended (if a bit slow sometimes). Choose 3D > New Shape from Layer and specify the shape.
Use a combination of the 3D Scale and 3D Drag tools (Shift-K cycles through all the 3D tools).
Use the 3D Slide tool.
Use the 3D Walk with Camera tool to move the camera relative to the object.
Whether you're using Photoshop or a 3D modeling program, the apparent view or perspective of a 3D object can be manipulated in these two ways: Leave the camera stationary as you change the object, or leave the object untouched and change the position of the camera. For still images, you can use either method and get the same result.
For this example, I used the 3D Slide tool. After selecting the tool, you can place the Slide cursor (it looks like a four-pronged arrow) anywhere on the document, click, and then drag in the direction you want the object to slide (left, right, forward, or backward). I moved the cursor near the bottom of the document, then clicked and dragged upward to move the sphere back "into the clouds," as shown in Figure 3. By the time it was positioned in the right spot, the cursor was near the top of the document, and the sphere had been reduced in size, as you'd expect to occur in the real world when something recedes into the distance.
Figure 3 Using the 3D object manipulation tools in Photoshop (pressing Shift-K cycles through them) is a simple matter of clicking-and-dragging on the canvas until the object is positioned and oriented as you like. After a minute or two of experimentation, you'll get the hang of this process.


Anyone know of a decent 787 dreamliner that works with Flyinside? I would love to learn to fly one!
Somewhere else in this forum I was directed to the rather excellent QualityWings 787 pack. It is a bit expensive, almost £50 but worth every penny.
However, it is currently unusable in VR as of yet due to FlyInsides inability to recognise the yoke when using the Oculus touch controls. However, do not let that put you off. The attention to detail is spot on, and a credit to QW for that.
I really hope that FlyInside sort the yoke issue out, and am all too aware that the devs here are aware of it. My unnecessary colourful thread elsewhere probably made sure of that. This is the proper forum for the subject anyway. At the moment I am learning to fly it using the old faithful Saitek x52 pro, and the rather excellent tutorial QW gives you.
Devs, please please please please fix the yoke issue when you can, I am getting the hang of the plane now, and would really love to fly it in my Oculus.
Been a while, so a friendly but relevant bump.
Just got back from a 2 weeks holiday in the Dominican Republic. Flew there and back on, guess what, a dreamliner the return journey, the plane was 2 weeks old! My wife had the good sense to book us right in the front, row 1, so I had a real full on geek out at the cockpit, the stewards let me sit on the back seat. I didn't say anything in there as I had no desire to bother the captain as he prepared, but I will say this, the guys at QW did a great job. Sitting in the actual plane was unreal.
Anyway, back to the point! You have a million and one things asked of you Tony so sorry to pester, but is this plane on your radar? I have got the hang of flying it using the Saitek x52 pro, but now more than ever I want to fly it in Oculus!
Sadly we just have to be patient, Dan is hopefully contacting them as I type.


Between the vertex and the fragment shader there is an optional shader stage called the geometry shader. A geometry shader takes as input a set of vertices that form a single primitive e.g. a point or a triangle. The geometry shader can then transform these vertices as it sees fit before sending them to the next shader stage. What makes the geometry shader interesting however is that it is able to transform the (set of) vertices to completely different primitives possibly generating much more vertices than were initially given.
points: when drawing GL_POINTS primitives (1).
lines: when drawing GL_LINES or GL_LINE_STRIP (2).
lines_adjacency: GL_LINES_ADJACENCY or GL_LINE_STRIP_ADJACENCY (4).
triangles: GL_TRIANGLES, GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP or GL_TRIANGLE_FAN (3).
triangles_adjacency : GL_TRIANGLES_ADJACENCY or GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP_ADJACENCY (6).
These are almost all the rendering primitives we're able to give to rendering calls like glDrawArrays. If we'd chosen to draw vertices as GL_TRIANGLES we should set the input qualifier to triangles. The number within the parenthesis represents the minimal number of vertices a single primitive contains.
With just these 3 output specifiers we can create almost any shape we want from the input primitives. To generate a single triangle for example we'd specify triangle_strip as the output and then output 3 vertices.
The geometry shader also expects us to set a maximum number of vertices it outputs (if you exceed this number, OpenGL won't draw the extra vertices) which we can also do within the layout qualifier of the out keyword. In this particular case we're going to output a line_strip with a maximum number of 2 vertices.
With the current shader we'll only output a single line since the maximum number of vertices is equal to 2.
Here it is declared as an interface block (as discussed in the previous tutorial) that contains a few interesting variables of which the most interesting one is gl_Position that contains the similar vector we set as the vertex shader's output.
Note that it is declared as an array, because most render primitives consist of more than 1 vertex and the geometry shader receives all vertices of a primitive as its input.
Using the vertex data from the previous vertex shader stage we can start to generate new data which is done via 2 geometry shader functions called EmitVertex and EndPrimitive. The geometry shader expects you to generate/output at least one of the primitives you specified as output. In our case we want to at least generate one line strip primitive.
Each time we call EmitVertex the vector currently set to gl_Position is added to the primitive. Whenever EndPrimitive is called, all emitted vertices for this primitive are combined into the specified output render primitive. By repeatedly calling EndPrimitive after one or more EmitVertex calls multiple primitives can be generated. This particular case emits two vertices that were translated by a small offset from the original vertex position and then calls EndPrimitive, combining these two vertices into a single line strip of 2 vertices.
While this is a relatively simple example, it does show you how we can use geometry shaders to (dynamically) generate new shapes on the fly. Later in this tutorial we'll discuss some interesting effects that we can achieve using geometry shaders, but for now we're going to start by creating a simple geometry shader.
But didn't we already learn to do all this? Yes, and now we're going to spice this little scene up by adding a geometry shader to the scene.
By now this geometry shader should be fairly easy to understand. It simply emits the unmodified vertex position it received as input and generates a point primitive.
The shader compilation code is basically the same as the vertex and fragment shader code. Be sure to check for compile or linking errors!
It's exactly the same as without the geometry shader! It's a bit dull, I'll admit that, but the fact that we were still able to draw the points means that the geometry shader works, so now it's time for the more funky stuff!
Drawing points and lines isn't that interesting so we're going to get a little creative by using the geometry shader to draw a house for us at the location of each point. We can achieve this by setting the output of the geometry shader to triangle_strip and draw a total of three triangles: two for a square and one for the roof.
You can see that each house indeed consists of 3 triangles - all drawn using just a single point in space. The green houses do look a bit boring though so let's liven it up a bit by giving each house a unique color. To do this we're going to add an extra vertex attribute with color information per vertex in the vertex shader, direct it to the geometry shader that further forwards it to the fragment shader.
Because the geometry shader acts on a set of vertices as its input, its input data from the vertex shader is always represented as arrays of data even though we only have a single vertex right now.
If the vertex shader forwarded the color vector as out vec3 vColor. However, interface blocks are much easier to work with in shaders like the geometry shader. In practice, geometry shader inputs can get quite large and grouping them in one large interface block array makes a lot more sense.
Just for fun we could also pretend it's winter and give their roofs a little snow by giving the last vertex a color of its own: white.
You can compare your source code with the OpenGL code here.
You can see that with geometry shaders you can get pretty creative even with the simplest primitives. Because the shapes are generated dynamically on the ultra-fast hardware of your GPU this is a lot more efficient than defining these shapes yourself within vertex buffers. Geometry buffers are therefore a great tool for optimization on simple often-repeating shapes like cubes in a voxel world or grass leaves on a large outdoor field.
While drawing houses is fun and all, it's not something we're going to use that much. That's why we're now going to take it up one notch and explode objects! That is something we're also probably not going to use that much either, but it does show you some of the powers of geometry shaders.
The great thing about such a geometry shader effect is that it works on all objects, regardless of their complexity.
Here we retrieve two vectors a and b that are parallel to the surface of the triangle using subtraction. Subtracting two vectors from each other results in a vector that is the difference of the two vectors and since all 3 points lie on the triangle plane, subtracting any of its vectors from each other results in a vector parallel to the plane. Do note that if we switched a and b in the cross function we'd get a normal vector that points in the opposite direction - order is important here!
The function itself shouldn't be too complicated. The sin function receives a time variable as its argument that based on the time returns a value between -1.0 and 1.0. Because we don't want to implode the object we transform the sin values to the [0,1] range. The resulting value is then multiplied by the normal vector and the resulting direction vector is added to the position vector.
Note that we're also outputting the appropriate texture coordinates before emitting a vertex.
The result is a 3D model that seems to continually explode its vertices over time after which it returns to normal again. Although not exactly super useful, it does show you a more advanced use of the geometry shader. You can compare your source code with the complete source code here.
In this section we're going to give you an example of using the geometry shader that is actually useful: visualizing the normal vectors of any object. When programming lighting shaders you will eventually run into weird visual outputs of which the cause is hard to determine. A common cause of lighting errors is due to incorrect normal vectors caused by incorrectly loading vertex data, improperly specifying them as vertex attributes or incorrectly managing them in the shaders. What we want is some way to detect if the normal vectors we supplied are correct. A great way to determine if your normal vectors are correct is by visualizing them and it just so happens that the geometry shader is an extremely useful tool for this purpose.
The contents of geometry shaders like these should be self-explanatory by now. Note that we're multiplying the normal vector by a MAGNITUDE vector to restrain the size of the displayed normal vectors (otherwise they'd be a bit too large).
Apart from the fact that our nanosuit now looks like a hairy guy with kitchen mittens on, it gives us a really useful method for determining if the normal vectors of a model are indeed correct. You can imagine that geometry shaders like this are also frequently used for adding fur to objects.
You can find the OpenGL's source code here.


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Users simply transfer the crown design to the mill, insert the block (and, if needed, a new bur), close the door and push start.
Smart Milling Queue Management in exocad Chairside CAD software enables you to prepare multiple restorations, one after another, while the automated block selection reduces user error.
The CS 3100's small footprint enables you to place it anywhere in the practice—even chairside due to its quiet, vibration-free milling. No compressed air, water supply or drain needed, resulting in easy installation and maintenance.
CS 3100 offers four distinct fabrication options, including milling, grinding, carving and thrilling, and delivers hybrid resin, ceramic and zirconia restorations—ideal for full contour crowns and bridges, inlays, onlays and veneers.
Efficient digital workflow speeds treatment, improves case acceptance rates and drives practice productivity.
On newer versions of the CIS CBCT viewer for windows the bone density value is not enabled by default. We have developed this script that once download and run will re-able this useful feature. You will only need to do this once on each computer you use the software on.
Updating the implant library through the CIS wizard can be slow. Download the full 2019 library here.
Hi, how can we help? Would you like to arrange a demonstration?


I agree; I am at the wrong site. I thank you for you efforts at helping me to interpret Objectivism. It would be counter-productive to try and explain myself further. I shall go to Rand's novels and see if I can find common ground there. Perhaps I'll return in a few days.
do you just talk with people who have your same convictions about the world?or you don't't like to talk about things you are ignorant about ?
I would love to learn from your real business experience, I would tell you then about mine.
Ciro - Jason's answers were excellent. I felt that the discussion was being handled well by him and others, so I mostly sat back and observed.
As for my experience, I am 61 years old. I have been the Director of Sales for a large publishing company, responsible for 275 man field force and $85 million in sales. Fifteen years ago, I left that job to start a high end computer training company. I am the CEO and Chairman of the Board of Custom Training Institute to this day.
You will find some superb articles right here from some of the best minds in the world. I suggest, just for starters, that you read articles by Joe Rowlands, Ed Younkins, Tibor Machan. These will lead you to many others.
Ayn Rand's "Capitalism, the Unknown Ideal" is an "ideal" beginning, as it mainly answers criticisms of capitalism with short and brilliant articles that are easily understood.
Henry Hazlet wrote "Economics in One Lesson", another short book, over 60 years ago, but it still works.
For the truly ambitious, the greatest book by the greatest economist is "Human Action" by Ludwig von Mises, and "Capitalism" by George Reisman, published last decade, will answer every question that you and your entire family tree have ever considered on the subject.
You are not barking up the wrong tree Sharon. If truth is what you are looking you are closer than most people.
Pathological and inevitable in the economy of the modern state. But their structural difference made them distinct, distinguishable, recognizable. A premise, this, to be able to eradicate the criminality from economy.
descents their irreconcilability behind a very low limit.
The rule of the State and of the institutions it�s always been to protect the economy and the market from criminality.
of capitals, of the world-wide markets and of the globalization, in which the economy travels on internet, it�s not like this any more.
the financing of the new and relevant phenomenon of the international terrorism.
with reference to <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Russia, Albania, and Montenegro, etc.
and from the guide state, USA, which should have controlled this, and had to.
The international institutions appointed for the control of the banks activities, for long time, have been too busy talking of ethic and finance, for noticing these illegal traffics.
It�s only the under product of these sectors, a residual phenomenon now, often kept to the margins of the illegality.
Mr. Kilbourn, by reporting such informations; have I stated that I am an anticapitalist? or that I am ignorant about it?
different of Capitalism as idealogy e.i. the philosophic promotion of such system.
Mr. Kilbourn:" will answer every question that you and your entire family tree have ever considered on the subject"?
Ciro -- I don't really know quite where to begin in trying to provide counter arguments to this post because so many of the things I think you are saying I disagree with. In addition, I don't fully understand all of your writing. Part of this might be language barrier problems and I commend you for making an effort to communicate in english since I know it is your second language. So let me try to hit on two important points that I hope get at the heart of the issues you are raising.
#1. Business itself is not inherently based upon criminal action. A business, in order to succeed must create some product (see my previous post on wealth creation) or provide some service that is of value to a customer. When it succeeds in doing this it is able to sell its products at a profit. The customer wins because he gets the product or service he wants and the business wins because its makes a profit. This constitutes a mutually beneficial "free trade" in which no criminal action takes place. The same type of transactions takes place between a business and its hired employees.
Criminal action on the other hand involves an initiation of force. Force or Fraud against individuals or against private property. Criminal actions, by their nature cannot create wealth and they can never result in a mutually beneficial transaction. Criminals "loot" they do not create anything. Businesses have customers, criminals have victims.
While some people who claim to be involved in business are actually criminals it is impossible to state that business and criminal activity are inherently connected regardless of how complicated the economic system has become. To state that the modern economy with all of its millions of products and services is somehow based soley on those "five pillars" is entirely nonsensical because you are in effect ignoring 99% of all business transactions which are taking place around the world most of which are the mutually beneficial transactions I described above.
#2. The world's governments, whose job it is to stop criminal activity certainly have greater and greater challenges ahead of them. While I am not an expert on law enforcement it is my firm opinion that if these governments would stop placing so much focus on silly regulatory agencies and massive wealth redistribution programs, (which are themselves criminal activities because they constitute initiations of force) and instead place 100% of their efforts on stopping criminals and criminal activity of all types then they would be far more effective and the world's citizens would be far better protected from the corrosive elements you are describing.
Not to hijack the thread, but I want to throw in a curious little bit of info that may have some relevance here.
In archetypal mythology, there is a character called the Trickster who blurs distinctions and boundaries, creates confusion and causes people to rethink their ideas. (I argue that Rand made use of, and was herself, a trickster in her work.
2. Edith Hamilton ( 1989, 34) mentions that Hermes is also a god of commerce, which fits well with the Francisco parallel. In fact, Tricksters are often found "in the marketplace," that is, as commercial actors, where, as Combs and Holland (1990, 93) put it, they illustrate a "role in connecting the known with the unknown across [geographic and cultural] borders." Hyde (1998) addresses this idea of the Trickster in commerce throughout his book. Given Rand's celebration of capitalism and free trade, this connection between the market and the Trickster is ripe for analysis among scholars in the history of economic thought.
However, anyone of thinks that the world (including America) is less free since 1945 has a serious problem with pessimism. I am well aware that is some areas our freedoms have been eroding, but in the big picture, I mean, my God, man! I'll take terrorism and political correctness over gas ovens and collective farms any day!
As you say the world may be more free, but I don't believe America is. Thanks to FDR we moved as far toward statism as the rest of the world moved toward Liberty; we've met in the middle. Our constitution is in exile.
Joe -- I might be a bit slow today, but I understand your post less then I understand Ciro's last post and he's trying to write in a foreign language. What exactly are you talking about?
Ciro -- On your previous questions -- Yes, I find everything I've posted to this thread to be self evident from experience. At the moment I am unemployed but previously I was in middle management for a large U.S. bank. I am also still a student and I am currently looking into the possibility of buying a franchise type business so that I can get experience in managing businesses. My knowledge of economics comes from reading most of the books listed by James Kilbourne in his above post in addition to a couple of others and from taking far less useful economics courses in college.
Jason which parts you didn't understand?
Has anyone ever considered that many bright people find the world of business off-putting because it confronts them with stupidity at every turn? I have worked in management in the hospitality industry for over 14 years now, and I find it increasingly oppressive to realize just how many idiots and vulgarians populate the U.S., based on may daily interactions with them. I mean adults who don't know how to read maps or follow directions, who can't understand cancellation policies, who can't read and write well enough to fill out a registration card (they can't all have forgotten their glasses), who don't know how to work appliances in their rooms similar to ones they must have in their homes and so forth. The majority of them also seem financially irresponsible and improvident in that they often travel without having enough cash on hand, a substantial balance in their checking accounts for their debit cards and credit left on their credit cards to pay for their rooms and other expenses. Indeed, most of my guests have no business travelling at all, given their real financial vulnerability. But then, I couldn't make a living from them if they followed my advice.
I can also add all the loser people I've had to hire and manage over the years. I have seldom employed maids who didn't need public assistance and dental work.
Given what I've seen of the general cognitive dysfunction in our species, I have to admit that Robert Stadler's view of the plight of the intellectually superior man in a world of morons has considerable empirical evidence to support it.
"That trickster mythology, tho, stems from a worldview which - certainly in ancient times - was anti-business [eg. Plato and those of that era and before], so little wonder it figures prominantly as per your jungian assertions..."
Jason- Whatever you are reading, it is working. You answered things brilliantly once again. Where did you come from? I don't remember seeing your name before.
To anyone who wants to grasp the moral essentials involved here, I suggest Ayn Rand's essay " For the New Intellectual". It makes things very clear.
Mark- You think there is stupidity in business? Try working for the government- or some semi-socialist twilight zone such as American education.
Jason's post 25, and Pete's post 39 are simply OUTSTANDING!
Mr Keilbourn thank you for suggesting Ayn Rand essay "For the new intellectual "
I read it and I loved every page of it.
I have to tell you though , that I was (with my previous posts) putting on the table some of the world's economic realities, that's all. I wasn't trying to smear capitalism . I am a successful business man too,( maybe a little more than you- based on your personal given informations ) and a proponent of capitalism.
I feel that your conclusions about my posts have been a little too precocious.
I think that you are a busy man and don't have time to lose with people that you don't know or disagree with you, but I also think that is wrong to answer my post( not posted to you) and then shout the door on my face, and in addition to that avoiding my other posts complimenting Jason for his great job. I consider your papal influence on others, especially where there is no need for it, or maybe there is one? inappropriate . Is this what many on this forum consider moral to deal with people?If on this forum capitalisms and objectivisms are discussed on such terms, I wonder why this forum is open to public, and it's not some kind of private forum where you don't have to bother to deal with whomever doesn't repeat as a parrot what you wish to hear.
I edited it to put an h to my ear.


Day three in Barcelona called for an Al Fresco breakfast. Alex and I returned to the cool shopping centre built in an old bullring to buy some pastries and fresh orange juice. We then headed to the national art museum of Catalunya. I was promised escalators to the top and there were- but they weren't moving. So after a sweaty trip up hundreds of stairs and some now, slightly warm orange juice we made it to the entrance of the museum. But we weren't there for the museum- the view opposite is stunning. The only problem was, this view is no secret. There were hundreds of tourists and school kids at the top. Along with some pesky pigeons vying for my pastry so we didn't stay too long.
Luckily the paths at the back of the museum is slightly quieter and even better, leads to a cable car.. The cable car was 8 euros and took around 10 minutes to get you to the summit- the location of Montjuic Castle. As we are travelling on a budget we decided not to pay to enter the castle, instead we went for a stroll around the castle grounds which are free. You can do a full circle around the castle- we even spotted some archery practice.
After a returning on the cable car, a frantic search for a free toilet and a delicious waffle we decided we needed some culture. After looking through a list of art exhibitions in Barcelona we chose to visit the centre of Photography, showcasing the work of legendary photographer August Sander. I was really excited as I had researched Sanders work last term at uni. The Photography Centre is extremely accessible, plonked ring tin the middle of Las Ramblas. Which made it even more odd that it was so quiet when we entered. Not that odd though when we re-read the exhibition poster. It was opening in 3 days time- a day after we leave. With our tail between our legs we did the only thing possible- retail therapy. After Alex bought a whole load of make-up which will be impossible to pack in our hand luggage decided a rest at the apartment was needed.


If you are the partner or dependent child under 18 of a migrant who is in or coming to the UK as Tier 4 General Student, you can apply for a visa to join them in the UK. The Home Office, UKVI will grant leave in line with the expiry date of the Tier 4 General Student's visa. Tier 4 (General) students who will be studying in the UK for six months or less cannot bring their partners and/or children (also known as dependants) to the United Kingdom with them.
If you are outside the UK and the Tier 4 General student is either applying for entry clearance as Tier 4 General student at the same time or Tier 4 General student is already in the UK, you can apply for entry clearance to join or accompany the Tier 4 General student in the UK.
applying for, or has been granted leave to remain as a Tier 4 (General) Student on the doctorate extension scheme.
The Tier 4 Dependant should provide all the evidence of his/her relationship with the Tier 4 General studnet.


At this time, only 40 million out of 100 million Divine Race soldiers were left. The others were buried under the mountain.
Although the Divines were very strong, the weight of a mountain wasn't something they can just neglect. Those Divines buried were more unlucky than lucky.
Even if those left were already surrounded, Zhao Hai didn't order the Undead to attack. He discovered that those who were left had already lost their will to resist. In this case, there's no point in killing them.
Sure enough, Zhao Hai's thought was correct. Except for a few people, the Divines who were being surrounded had fear plastered on their faces.
The Divines gawked when they heard Zhao Hai. They looked at each other, they didn't know what to do. Then, one person dropped his weapon, then another one followed, then another. It didn't take too long before all the Divines had disarmed themselves.
Zhao Hai looked at the Divines before opening a spatial rift. After the huge rift appeared in the air, Zhao Hai said, "Go in." When the Divines let go of their weapons, they also let go of their dignity and pride. They didn't resist and just accepted their fate as they flew towards the spatial rift.
Naturally, there were some who decided to rebel. However, even before they made a move, the undead were already on the move. Due to them being disarmed, they were too easy to capture.
After most of the Divines had entered the spatial rift, Zhao Hai turned his attention to the collapsed base. He waved his hand as a black gas surrounded the mountain.
The black gas got thicker and thicker. In the end, the entire mountain was covered in the black gas. After completing this, Zhao Hai shifted his gaze towards the vassal soldiers in the distance.
When the mountain base collapsed and the debris went flying everywhere, the vassal soldiers scattered when they fled. Now, they slowly gathered and reformed themselves.
When Bingya heard this, he paused for a moment before his expression changed, "Mister, I will immediately tell them to leave." Then he quickly flew towards the vassal races.
Zhao Hai turned his head to look at Laura and smile, "While they are leaving, we'll go there for a while." While he was talking, Zhao Hai pointed towards the black fog.
Laura smiled faintly and said, "Alright, let's go." After that, Zhao Hai commanded the Hell King's ship to enter the black fog and they stayed there.
If other people could see the situation inside the Dark Mist, then they would certainly be surprised. From the collapsed mountains, Divine Race soldiers crawled one by one out of the debris. But this time, all of them had been turned into undead.
The reason why Zhao Hai wanted to cover the mountain with his magic was to turn those who died into undead. This way, his number of undead would be boosted even further.
After Zhao Hai entered the Dark Mist, he immediately opened the monitor to look at the Supreme Elders. At this point, the Supreme Elders had ugly expressions as they flew towards the Taurus Continent. They were already aware that they had been played by Zhao Hai.
After two hours, the Supreme Elders had entered the Taurus Continent, only too see that their base had been covered by a dark mist.
The group nodded. At this point, they feel dread upon thinking of Zhao Hai's strength. Because of this, the group didn't separate as they entered the dark mist.
They were peak experts of the Divine Race, their Divine Sense were very powerful. However, they discovered that their divine sense had been limited inside this dark mist.
In the past, Zhao Hai's dark mist wouldn't have been able to do this. But after absorbing some of the Underworld's dark mist, Zhao Hai's own dark mist was able to evolve, gaining the ability to block divine sense.
This was the first time that the Divines had experience this. They had encountered things that can block divine sense, like domain weapons and magic formations. But things like this dark mist was unique.
This was the base that Gold Ben and the others had constructed, so they were quite familiar to its structure. Because of this, they felt that they would be able to leave this base to deal with Zhao Hai. Even if it was attacked by ultimate weapons, it could still hold some ground and buy time for the elders to come back.
However, they didn't expect Zhao Hai to attack their base in a barbaric manner. In the end, the base was actually destroyed by him.
It didn't take too long before Gold Ben and the others came upon their base. In fact, it couldn't be called a base anymore. This was because the entire thing was in ruins, and was just a pile of debris.
Gold Ben and the others stared blankly at the base. To be honest, upon entering the Dark Mist, they already expected their base to be destroyed. However, they didn't think that it would be ruined to this state. It was thoroughly scrapped.
At this time, Gold Ben suddenly saw a piece of rock moving. Gold Ben rushed to the area to investigate. Under Gold Ben's eyes, the huge rock turned to the side, revealing a person underneath.
After seeing this person, Gold Ben couldn't help but stare. He knew this person from what he wore. Just from the armor, Gold Ben knew that it was a Divine Race soldier. However, the armor wasn't the one that attracted his attention, it was the weapons that this person had.
The Divine Race soldier had two weapons stuck in its body. One was a two-handed sword and the other was a spear. The spear was inserted on the person's shoulder while the sword was stabbed into his lower abdomen. It can be said that the two points were extremely fatal.
While Gold Ben was looking at the person, the person also turned to look at Gold Ben's eyes. The eyes had no expression, it was the same as the eyes of a dead fish. Then that person moved and slowly took out the weapons stuck to his body. The withdrawal of both the sword and the spear would give a person a very terrible feeling. The sound of friction between the person's bones and the weapons was actually terrifying to hear.
After taking the two weapons out, the person looked at Gold Ben once again before he turned around and went deeper into the dark mist. In the entire process, no person uttered even a single word. Gold Ben and the others were too shocked to say anything.
Once the person flew away, Gold Ben let out a long breath. Those who were with him had difficult expressions. They knew that the person was no longer living, he had been turned into an undead.
On the other hand, Gold Ben smiled bitterly. He was the first among them to fight with Zhao Hai. Moreover, the Taurus Divines and Zhao Hai hadn't fought for a day or two, so Gold Ben knew something about Zhao Hai's capabilities. Zhao Hai's strongest subordinates were the undead. And most of the undead were from the Divine Race. Because of this, Gold Ben wasn't too bothered about the Divines being turned into undead.
Upon hearing this, the group nodded, then they proceeded to leave the dark mist. Once they were outside, they immediately casted light magic towards the dark mist.
But to their surprise, once the light magic reached the dark mist, the mist actually scattered. Before long, the mountain was revealed. The only thing was left there was the remains of a destroyed mountain. There was no Hell King's ship, there weren't even any dead bodies!


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Mr. Chatfield is supervised in his research by his advisor, Dr. David Diehl.
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If you would like to participate, you may review the informed consent form and access the online survey at this LINK.
Mark Chatfield is a Graduate Student at the University of Florida in the Family, Youth, and Community Sciences master's degree program.


text:
Q: Objective C - Calculate the last host in a network The user either choses A B or C.
A - 10.0.0.0 /8
B - 172.16.0.0 /16
C - 192.168.0.0 /24
Then they can drag a slider to choose how many bits they want for the network portion.
After they've done that, I want to calculate the last host on that network.
For simplicity, just subnet zero. So 10.0.0.0 /16 would still have 10.0.0.0 as network address and 10.0.0.1 as first host.
How can I do this??

A: Invert the subnet mask, then flip the last bit and OR it with the network address.
network address: 10.0.0.0
subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

binary snm:   11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
inverted:     00000000.00000000.11111111.11111111

flipped last bit: 00000000.00000000.11111111.11111110
binary net addr:  00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000
OR operation:     00001010.00000000.11111111.11111110

last host:        10.0.255.254

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
ICC rankings: Kohli maintains top spot; Shaw, Pant make big gains
In other movements, Ajinkya Rahane has gained four places to reach 18th position, while Umesh Yadav has gained four slots to reach 25th position.
Dubai 15 October, 2018 14:45 IST
India captain Virat Kohli remains the number one Test batsmen. - PTI
India captain Virat Kohli remains the number one Test batsmen while Prithvi Shaw and Rishabh Pant have made big gains in the latest ICC rankings following the home series against the West Indies.
Shaw, who led India to victory in the U19 World Cup this year, completed a memorable debut series as he finished the Hyderabad Test in 60th place, a gain of 13 slots after knocks of 70 and 33 not out. Shaw had entered the rankings in 73rd place after a century on debut.
Wicketkeeper-batsman Pant also continued his upward climb as his knock of 92 saw him gain 23 places to reach 62nd position.
READ: There is a bit of Tendulkar, Sehwag and Lara in Prithvi, says Shastri
The Delhi batsman had started the series in 111th position and would be deriving satisfaction from the rankings gain after missing centuries in successive Tests, also dismissed for 92 in the opening match in Rajkot.
In other movements, Ajinkya Rahane has gained four places to reach 18th position after his knock of 80, while Umesh Yadav has gained four slots to reach 25th position after becoming only the third India fast bowler to claim a 10-wicket Test haul on home soil.
For the West Indies, captain Jason Holder has made significant gains in all departments. His haul of five 56 in India's first innings has lifted him four places to a career-best ninth position among bowlers while his first innings half-century was good enough to help him gain three slots to reach 53rd position.
READ: Prithvi Shaw: Aim is to keep winning matches for India
Holder has also overtaken South Africa's Vernon Philander to third position among all-rounders.
Other players from the visiting side to advance in the rankings include Roston Chase, whose first innings century helped gain 10 slots and reach 31st position, and Shai Hope, who has gained five places to reach 35th position.
The 2-0 series result sees top-ranked India gain one point while the West Indies have lost one point, without any change of positions in the team rankings.
Shai Hope
Roston Chase
Vernon Philander
Prithvi Shaw
ICC Rankings

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Life is always a challenge. It has come to be much more important to be myself over anything else I ever interpreted as being important.
I was wrong. The true need is to be ones-self I am fulfilling that and growing upon it..
I had a great idea for a story here. It had to do with the show and a feeling this picture gave me -relative to that- just after I'd finished editing it. The thought was lost before the WordPress app had time to load.
I've got to get better at keeping my notebook within hands reach at all times. Does anyone have any advice for overcoming this handicap?


RICHMOND, Va., Nov. 6, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Fifty-four percent of mortgage industry professionals identified rising interest rates as the greatest obstacle facing the housing market in 2019, according to a recent survey executed by Genworth Mortgage Insurance, an operating segment of Genworth Financial, Inc. (NYSE: GNW). The next highest-ranked obstacles were a lack of affordable housing supply (37 percent), GSE reform (seven percent) and the pending expiration of the Qualified Mortgage patch (two percent) according to the survey, which polled 203 mortgage industry executives at the 2018 Mortgage Bankers Association Annual Convention and Expo.
When looking specifically at the first-time homebuyer demographic, a majority (58 percent) of those surveyed cited the sparse availability of affordable housing as the most impactful obstacle to those trying to enter the housing market. Additionally, lack of consumer knowledge about the homebuying process (20 percent) is seen as a barrier to entry by professionals, who also noted interest rates (13 percent) and lack of appropriate credit history (nine percent) as lesser hurdles.
"While rising interest rates and a lack of affordable housing supply continue to drive increase in home prices, first-time homebuyers have not wavered in their efforts to buy homes," said Rohit Gupta, President and CEO, Genworth Mortgage Insurance. "We continue to stress the importance of education and optionality for this demographic to set them up for success. Their growing presence in the purchase market will require continued support and customization as they continue to play a meaningful role and drive demand in the housing market."
Additional findings from this survey are included below, providing insight into industry viewpoints regarding technology integrations, the impact of housing policy and borrower risk profiles.
While the housing industry has seen rapid advancement over the past few years due to the influx of new technologies, there is still opportunity for new tools to be introduced that will enhance customer engagement. Eighty-five percent of industry executives believe that integrating technology into the loan application submission process (41 percent) and/or the closing process (44 percent) will provide the strongest improvements to the customer experience. 15 percent of respondents identified either the loan inquiry process or private mortgage insurance as areas where technology could make a large improvement.
While the housing market is expected to undergo some turbulence over the coming year, industry professionals are beginning to notice small improvements in the risk profiles of borrowers looking to enter the market. Of those surveyed, 41 percent noted a small improvement in the quality of borrower they were seeing, while 53 percent saw no change to a small decline in these profiles. At the top and bottom ends, five percent identified a significant increase in the risk profiles they were viewing while only one percent saw a significant decline.
When it comes to fixing the disparity in available housing inventory, a majority of mortgage executives (62 percent) do not believe that regulatory policy changes introduced over the next 12-24 months will support the construction of more affordable homes ($300,000 and below). The shortage of affordable housing options in the market was earlier identified by those surveyed as a major hurdle for new entrants into the market, as well as the overall success of the housing market in 2019.


text:
Inspiring legal leadership for global challenges. Fièrement enracinés à Montréal, nous rayonnons dans le monde.
BCL/JD Program
East West Street and the Origins of Genocide & Crimes against Humanity: Looking Back, Looking Forward |René Cassin lecture with Philippe Sands
17Oct201817:30
Chancellor Day Hall Maxwell Cohen Moot Court (NCDH 100), 3644 rue Peel, Montreal, QC, H3A 1W9, CA
The Centre for Human Rights and Legal Pluralism invites you to its annual René Cassin lecture, which will be given by Professor Philippe Sands, UCL Faculty of Laws, Great Britain.
Philippe Sands QC is Professor of Law at University College London and a barrister at Matrix Chambers, of which he was a co-founder in 1999. He practises as Counsel before many international courts, including the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court. He sits as arbitrator in ICSID and other investor state disputes, and on the Court of Arbitration for Sports.
He is the author of fourteen academic books, including Principles of International Environmental Law (4th edition, 2018); of Lawless World (2005); and Torture Team (2008); and contributes to the New York Review of Books, Vanity Fair, the Financial Times and The Guardian.
His latest book is East West Street: On the Origins of Crimes Against Humanity and Genocide (Alfred Knopf/Weidenfeld & Nicolson), winner of numerous prizes, including the 2016 Baillie Gifford (Samuel Johnson) Prize, the 2017 British Book Awards Non-Fiction Book of the Year, and the 2018 Prix Montaigne. It is accompanied by a BBC Storyville film, My Nazi Legacy: What Our Fathers Did. He is now writing the sequel, along with a ten part BBC podcast series, The Ratline, to be broadcast in Sepember 2018.
He is President of English PEN and a Vice President of the Hay Festival. You can follow him on Twitter at @philippesands.
[From the publisher] East West Street: On the Origins of "Genocide" and "Crimes Against Humanity" looks at the personal and intellectual evolution of Rafael Lemkin and Hersch Lauterpacht, the two men who simultaneously originated the ideas of "genocide" and "crimes against humanity," both of whom, not knowing the other, studied at the same university with the same professors, in a city little known today that was a major cultural center of Europe, "the little Paris of Ukraine," a city variously called Lemberg, Lwów, Lvov, or Lviv.
In this extraordinary and resonant book, Sands looks at who these two very private men were, and at how and why, coming from similar Jewish backgrounds and the same city, studying at the same university, each developed the theory he did, showing how each man dedicated this period of his life to having his legal concept - "genocide" and "crimes against humanity" - as a centerpiece for the prosecution of Nazi war criminals.
And the author writes of a third man, Hans Frank, Hitler's personal lawyer, a Nazi from the earliest days who had destroyed so many lives, friend of Richard Strauss, collector of paintings by Leonardo da Vinci. Frank oversaw the ghetto in Lemberg in Poland in August 1942, in which the entire large Jewish population of the area had been confined on penalty of death. Frank, who was instrumental in the construction of concentration camps nearby and, weeks after becoming governor general of Nazi-occupied Poland, ordered the transfer of 133,000 men, women, and children to the death camps.
Sands brilliantly writes of how all three men came together, in October 1945 in Nuremberg - Rafael Lemkin; Hersch Lauterpacht; and in the dock at the Palace of Justice, with the twenty other defendants of the Nazi high command, prisoner number 7, Hans Frank, who had overseen the extermination of more than a million Jews of Galicia and Lemberg, among them, the families of the author's grandfather as well as those of Lemkin and Lauterpacht.
A book that changes the way we look at the world, at our understanding of history and how civilization has tried to cope with mass murder. Powerful; moving; tender; a revelation.
Cassin Lectureship
The René Cassin Lectureship is organized by the McGill Faculty of Law. In 1988, the Alliance Isréalite Universelle established this Lectureship to mark the centenary of the birth of René Cassin, who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1968. The Alliance Isréalite Universelle is one of the oldest and most distinguished human rights organizations, having been founded in Paris in 1860. René Cassin was its president from 1943 to 1969.
We have received accreditation by a recognized provider for 1.5 hours of Continuing Legal Education for jurists.
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text:
115 (2017-2018) Legislation Norton, Eleanor Holmes [D-DC] House Subcommittee : Foreign Affairs|Middle East and North Africa
1. H.Res.393 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Expressing support for addressing the Arab-Israeli conflict in a concurrent track with the Israeli-Palestinian peace process and commending Arab and Muslim-majority states that have improved bilateral relations with Israel. Sponsor: Rep. Hastings, Alcee L. [D-FL-20] (Introduced 06/20/2017) Cosponsors: (39) Committees: House - Foreign Affairs Latest Action: House - 06/27/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Middle East and North Africa. (All Actions) Tracker:
2. H.Res.274 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Condemning the Government of Iran's state-sponsored persecution of its Baha'i minority and its continued violation of the International Covenants on Human Rights. Sponsor: Rep. Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana [R-FL-27] (Introduced 04/25/2017) Cosponsors: (133) Committees: House - Foreign Affairs Latest Action: House - 12/12/2018 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-12-12 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to without objection.(text: CR H10138-10139) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Agreed to in House )
3. H.Res.188 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Condemning the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran for the 1988 massacre of political prisoners and calling for justice for the victims. Sponsor: Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10] (Introduced 03/09/2017) Cosponsors: (79) Committees: House - Foreign Affairs Latest Action: House - 05/18/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Middle East and North Africa. (All Actions) Tracker:
Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations [2]
Middle East and North Africa Remove
Hastings, Alcee L. [D-FL] [1]
Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana [R-FL] [1]
Engel, Eliot L. [D-NY] [3]
Khanna, Ro [D-CA] [3]
Lieu, Ted [D-CA] [3]


Support for Skype for Business Server, which is the new version of Microsoft Lync Server.
Support for video calls from customers.
Support for escalation from other media to video. For example, an interaction can start as an IM session that then gets escalated to voice, and then gets escalated to video. Or, what starts as a voice session can get escalated to video.
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