The invention relates to an illumination device (10) that comprises an active layer (11), for example a blue LED, covered with a first luminescent ceramic converter layer (12) and partially covered with a second luminescent ceramic converter layer (13). The first and second conversion layers (12, 13) convert primary photons (λp) emitted by the active layer (11) into photons of different, longer wavelengths (λ1, λ2), wherein the color point of the illumination device (10) can be adjusted by adjusting the relative size of the second conversion layer (13).
1. An illumination device (10), comprisingan active layer (11) for emitting primary photons (λp);a first conversion layer (12) for converting primary photons to photons of a longer first wavelength (λ1),a second conversion layer (13) for converting primary photons and/or photons of a first wavelength (λ1) to photons of a second wavelength (λ2) that is different from the first wavelength (λ1),wherein a part of the primary photons can leave the illumination device (10) without passing through the second conversion layer (13).
2. The illumination device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first conversion layer (12) comprises a luminescent ceramics.
3. The illumination device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second conversion layer (13) comprises a luminescent ceramics.
4. The illumination device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and/or second conversion layer (12, 13) comprises a material selected from the group consisting of Y3Al5O12:Ce (YAG:Ce), Ca--SiAlON:Eu, Ca--SiAlON:Ce, CaS:Eu, SrS:Eu, BaS:Eu, Ca2SiO4:Eu, Ba2SiO4:Eu, Sr2SiO4:Eu, Ca2Si5N8:Eu, Ba2Si5N8:Eu, Sr2Si5N8:Eu, SrSi2O2N2:Eu including their solid solutions with one or more suitable substituent elements, particularly (Y,Gd)3Al5O12:Ce or (Ca,Mg,Sr)(Al,B,Ga)SiN3:Eu including exchange of isosterical subunits, particularly AlO.sup.+ for SiN.sup.+.
6. The illumination device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the active layer (11) comprises a light emitting diode.
7. The illumination device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that substantially all primary photons have a wavelength (λp) smaller than 500 nm.
8. The illumination device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an emission spectrum of white light with a Correlated Color Temperature smaller than 5000 K.
9. The illumination device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first conversion layer (12) covers completely the emission surface of the active layer (11).
10. The illumination device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second conversion layer (13) covers a part of preferably 10% to 90%, most preferably 20% to 30%, of the emission surface of the first conversion layer (12) and/or of the active layer (11).
11. The illumination device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the emission wavelength (λ2) of the second conversion layer (13) is longer than the emission wavelength (λ1) of the first conversion layer (12).
The invention relates to an illumination device comprising an active light emitting layer and at least two conversion layers for converting the wavelength of the light emitted by the active layer.
An illumination device comprising a light emitting diode (LED) that is covered with one or more luminescent ceramics is disclosed in the US 2005/0269582 A1. The document describes several designs of such a device in which light emitted by the LED sequentially passes through a first and a second luminescent ceramics, where it is partially converted to longer wavelengths that add to the final output spectrum of the device. This output spectrum can therefore be adjusted by varying in an elaborate procedure the composition of the luminescent ceramics.
Based on this situation it was an object of the present invention to provide an alternative design of an illumination device, wherein it is particularly desirable that the output spectrum of the device can be adjusted by simple and well reproducible means. Moreover, a white output light with a color temperature lower than 5000 K and a high color rendering index is especially desirable.
This object is achieved by an illumination device according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims.
The illumination device according to the present invention comprises the following components: An active layer for emitting light consisting of primary photons. The active layer usually converts a first kind of energy, for example supplied by an electrical current or voltage, into light energy. The emission of the active layer typically has a characteristic spectrum which can often be characterized by an associated wavelength, e.g. the wavelength where the spectrum has a peak. A first and a second conversion layer for converting primary photons emitted by the active layer to different wavelengths. This means that the first conversion layer converts primary photons into photons of a longer, first wavelength. Similarly, the second conversion layer converts primary photons and/or photons with the aforementioned first wavelength into photons of a second wavelength that is longer than the converted wavelength and different from the first wavelength. It should be noted that the conversions will typically produce a spectrum comprising many wavelengths, in which case the "first" or "second" wavelength will refer to characteristic values of these spectra (e.g. their peak or center of gravity). Moreover, the illumination device shall comprise at least one such first and second conversion layer, i.e. it may optionally comprise more than two conversion layers.
The illumination device is further designed such that a part of the primary light can leave it (as useful light) without passing through the second conversion layer. A similar condition is not required (but also not prohibited) for the first conversion layer, which means that in some embodiments all primary light of the active layer has to pass through the first conversion layer before it can leave the illumination device. It should be noted that the designations as "first" and "second" conversion layer have simply been made for reference and do not imply any constructive, functional or other assumption or restriction.
In contrast to illumination devices where all primary light emitted by the active layer has to pass all present conversion layers before it can leave, the illumination device described above comprises in its overall light output a fraction of primary light that did not pass through the second conversion layer and that is therefore not affected by this layer. The percentage of this part of the light output can be adjusted by the geometrical design of the illumination device, wherein such an adjustment is usually easier, more robust and better reproducible to achieve than for example an adjustment of the chemical composition of a conversion layer or the optical thickness (here optical thickness is characterized by the mean pass length of transmitted light).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first conversion layer and/or the second conversion layer comprises a luminescent ceramic converter. Most preferably both conversion layers comprise luminescent ceramics of different composition for converting primary photons to different longer wavelengths. Luminescent ceramic converters have the advantage that they can be very well mechanically handled and for example be cut to desired shapes and thickness.
The first and/or the second conversion layer preferably comprises a material selected from the group consisting of Y3Al5O12:Ce (YAG:Ce), Lu3Al5O12:Ce (LuAG:Ce), Ca--SiAlON:Eu [=(Ca1-x-y-zSrxBa.sub.yMgz)1-nAl1-a-c+bBaGa- cSi1-bN3-bOb:Eun, with 0≦x, y, z≦1 with x+y+z<1, 0≦a≦1, 0<b≦1, 0≦c≦1, 0<n≦1], Ca--SiAlON:Ce [=(Ca1-x-y-zSrxBa.sub.yMgz)1-nAl1-a-b-c+b+nB.sub- .aGacSi1-b-nN3-bOb:Cen, with 0≦x, y, z≦1 and x+y+z<1, 0≦a≦1, 0<b≦1, 0≦c≦1, 0<n≦1 with a+c-b-n<1], CaS:Eu, SrS:Eu, BaS:Eu, Ca2SiO4:Eu, Ba2SiO4:Eu, Sr2SiO4:Eu, Ca2Si5N8:Eu, Ba2Si5N8:Eu, Sr2Si5N8:Eu, SrSi2O2N2:Eu including their solid solutions with one or more suitable substituent elements, e.g. (Y,Gd)3Al5O12:Ce or (Ca,Mg,Sr)(Al,B,Ga)SiN3:Eu and also including exchange of isosterical subunits for example AlO.sup.+ for SiN.sup.+ as in e.g. Ba2Si5-xAlxN8-xOx:Eu, to adjust luminescence and material properties. More information about these and other suitable luminescent ceramics can be found in the US 2005/0269582 A1 and the WO 2006/097868 A2, which are incorporated into the present text by reference. All given composition quantities denot the atomic ratio.
For compositions with an Eu-content of 0<n<0.002 (atomic ratio) especially high color temperature with an especially high color rendering index (CRI) and R9-values (Ri values denote the color rendering indices according to the definition of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE)) could be achieved.
The active layer may in principle have any design, structure and composition that provide the desired emission of primary light. Thus it may for example be a resonance cavity light emitting diode, a laser diode, or a vertical cavity surface emitting laser. Preferably, the active layer comprises a light emitting diode (LED).
In a preferred embodiment, the primary light emitted by the active layer consists substantially of light with a wavelength smaller than 500 nm, i.e. of blue or ultraviolet (UV) light. Preferably more than 50%, most preferably more than 70% of the light intensity emitted by the active layer consists of such wavelengths. Starting with primary photons of such small wavelengths allows converting them to longer wavelengths which are still in the visible range. Thus the Correlated Color Temperature of the illumination device can be adjusted over a comparatively large range.
The illumination device optionally has an overall emission spectrum of white light with a Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) lower than 5000 K. Efficient white light sources are needed in many applications. It is therefore a significant advantage that the proposed design of the illumination device allows the realization of these characteristics.
In general, the active layer, the first conversion layer, and the second conversion layer can be arranged in many different ways (cf. examples discussed with reference to the Figures). In a preferred group of designs, the first conversion layer covers completely the emission surface of the active layer, wherein the term "emission surface" shall denote that part of the surface of the active layer through which primary light which contributes to the output of the illumination device finally leaves the active layer. The active layer will usually emit light isotropically in all directions, wherein light that does not leave the emission surface is (by definition) either lost or reflected back into the active layer. If the first conversion layer therefore completely covers the emission surface, this implies that all photons emitted by the active layer will have to pass through it, wherein typically only a fraction of these photons is converted to photons of a longer wavelength while the residual fraction leaves the first conversion layer unaffected. The present invention comprises however also the case that all primary photons are converted in the first conversion layer.
In another optional group of designs, which can favorably be combined with the aforementioned one, the second conversion layer covers a part of the emission surface of the first conversion layer and/or a part of the emission surface of the active layer, wherein the term "emission surface" is used in this context with a similar meaning as above. The covered fraction of the emission surface of the first conversion layer and/or the active layer preferably ranges between 10% and 90%, most preferably between 20% and 30%. By selecting the percentage of the covered emission surface area, the overall emission spectrum of the illumination device can readily be adjusted as desired.
In another embodiment of the invention, the emission wavelength of the second conversion layer is longer than the emission wavelength of the first conversion layer. In this respect, the "emission wavelength" of a conversion layer is defined as a characteristic value of the emission spectrum of that layer when it is exposed to primary photons, particularly as the wavelength of the spectral emission peak (which usually exists). If the second conversion layer has a longer emission wavelength than the first conversion layer, it can in principle convert light emitted by the first conversion layer and not only (as usual) primary light of the active layer.
FIG. 5 represents graphically the color coordinates (CIE 1931) of the illumination devices listed in FIG. 4.
Like reference numbers in the Figures refer to identical or similar components.
White light emitting diodes are usually produced by additive color mixing using phosphors (i.e. luminescent materials) that convert primary UV or blue light to white light. For the conversion of blue light into the green and red spectral range it is for example known to use YAG:Ce phosphor, wherein this combination allows to achieve (only) Correlated Color Temperatures (CCT) higher than 4500 K near the black body line. The color rendering index increases in this case with the color temperature.
For producing LEDs with low color temperatures and a good color rendering, red emitting phosphors are additionally used, for example CaS:Eu, Ca--SiAlON:Eu=(Ca1-x-y-zSrxBa.sub.yMgz)1-nAl.su- b.1-a-b-c+bBaGacSi1-bN3-bOb:Eun, with 0≦x, y, z≦1 with x+y+z<1, 0≦a≦1, 0<b≦1, 0≦c≦1 with a+c-b<1, 0<n≦1; Ca--SiAlON:Ce=(Ca1-x-y-zSrxBa.sub.yMgz)1-nAl.su- b.1-a-c+b+nBaGacSi1-b-nN3-bOb:Cen, with 0≦x, y, z≦1 with x+y+z<1, 0≦a≦1, 0<b≦1, 0≦c≦1, 0<n≦1 with a+c-b-n<1; BSSNE=EA2-zSi5-aAlaN8-bOb:Eu2 with 0<a≦4, 0<b≦4 and 0<z≦0.2, wherein EA is at least one of the alkaline earth metals of the group Ca, Sr, Ba.
In practice, the application of more than one phosphor material in the form of a powder turns out to be extremely difficult, resulting in a low efficiency and an impaired control of color temperature. Using a ceramic phosphor component together with a second phosphor in powder form is also unfavorable, as the phosphor powder comprises a binder (usually silicone) that may deteriorate and discolor at higher temperatures and thus reduce the device efficiency. Moreover, the proper adjustment of the color point is difficult in these approaches as the thickness of the powder layer is difficult to control. Thus there is a need for phosphor converted illumination devices with a Correlated Color Temperature lower than 5000 K, a good color rendering (e.g. a color rendering index Ra≧80), a precise control of the color point, and a high efficiency.
To address the aforementioned issues, it is proposed here to use an active layer emitting primary blue or UV light that is covered with a first and a second luminescent ceramic converter layer of different emission characteristics, wherein at least one of these converter layers (in the following by definition the second converter layer) covers the active layer only partially.
A particular embodiment of this general principle is illustrated by the Figures, wherein FIGS. 1 and 2 show schematically a possible geometry of the corresponding illumination device 10. This device 10 comprises the following components: An active layer 11 that emits primary photons of a wavelength λp, wherein λp is typically ≦480 nm. Though the active layer 11 is drawn as one unique block, it may comprise a dedicated substructure. In particular it may be realized by a blue emitting LED which comprises a light emitting semiconductor layer sandwiched between two electrodes with adjacent (n, p) conductive regions (not shown). Typical materials that can be used for such a blue LED are for example Indium Gallium Aluminum Nitride layers processed by MOVPE processes to form a p-n junction. The bandgap energy within the material system is controlled by composition to produce the desired primary emission wavelength (O. B. Shchekin et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 071109 (2006) "High performance thin-film flip-chip InGaN-GaN light emitting diodes"). The active layer 11 may be disposed on some carrier material or substrate 14, for example a thin silicon wafer or a heat conducting ceramic. All surfaces of the active layer 11 besides the top "emission surface" may have a reflective coating to minimize loss of primary light. A first luminescent ceramic converter layer 12 that completely covers the emission surface of the active layer 11 and that can convert primary photons of wavelength λp emitted by the active layer into photons of a longer wavelength λ1. A part of the primary photons λp can however pass the first converter layer 12 unaffected. The first converter layer 12 of the shown example has a quadratic shape with a width B of about 1 mm. An exemplary material of this layer 12 is YAG:Ce. A second luminescent ceramic converter layer 13 that is disposed on top of the first converter layer 12 but covers only a fraction of its surface. The second converter layer 13 converts photons of wavelength λp emitted by the active layer 11 into photons of a longer wavelength λ2 (typically in the red spectral range). As λ2 is usually larger than λ1, the second converter layer 13 may optionally also convert photons λ1 emitted by the first conversion layer 12 to the longer wavelength λ2. A suitable material for the second luminescent ceramic converter layer 13 is Ca--SiAlON:Eu, which converts incident light almost completely into red light. The second converter layer 13 covers typically about 25% of the surface area of the first converter layer 12, and typical thicknesses of the first and second converter layers 12, 13 is about 100 μm. All surfaces in contact are preferably glued with a transparent optical coupling layer with a typical thickness of about 5 μm and a refractive index larger than 1.3 such as silicone.
The described design realizes a warm white phosphor converted LED produced exclusively with luminescent ceramic converter material (without silicone binder) that is stable even at operation temperatures above 200° C. A further advantage of the design is that the fraction of the light that is converted to red is primarily determined by the size of the red emitting, second converter layer 13. As the size of this layer can be determined very accurately with a precision of a few μm, the fraction of the red light and therefore the color point of the whole illumination device 10 can be controlled with high precision.
FIG. 3 shows the normalized radiance (vertical axis) in dependence on the wavelength (horizontal axis) for an illumination device like that described above as measured under different observation angles α (cf. FIG. 2). Further parameters of the setup were as follows: active layer: blue LED first luminescent ceramic converter layer: YAG:Ce second luminescent ceramic converter layer: Ca--SiAlON:Eu covering 25% of the surface operating current: 350 mA emitted flux: 39.2 lumen CCT: 3618 K color rendering index: Ra=84 distance from the black body line [CIE 1960 color coordinates]: Duv=0.009 color point [CIE 1931]: x=0.4081, y=0.414 lumen equivalent: LE=306 lm/W.
The diagram shows that the relation between the emissions of the two luminescent ceramic layers is depending only slightly on the angle α of observation.
FIG. 4 shows a table of characteristic data of three different illumination devices (measured at an operating current of the LED of 350 mA), namely a device with a blue LED covered by a YAG:Ce luminescent ceramic only (second column); a device with a blue LED covered by a YAG:Ce and to 25% of its area with an Ca--SiAlON:Eu luminescent ceramic (third column); a device with a blue LED covered by a YAG:Ce and to 50% of its area with an Ca--SiAlON:Eu luminescent ceramic (last column).
The symbols Ra, R1, . . . R14 denote the color rendering indices according to the definition of the International Commission on Illumination(CIE), and W denotes the optical power of the emitted light, i.e. the quotient of emitted lumen flux and lumen equivalent.
FIG. 5 shows the color point data of the aforementioned table (data points corresponding to 4403 K, 3618 K, 2857 K) and data measured at a higher current of 1000 mA (data points corresponding to 4505 K, 3700 K, 2918 K) in a color diagram. The diagram illustrates very well that the color point can selectively be shifted to the black body line BBL by choosing the (relative) area of the second luminescent ceramic converter layer appropriately. The point where the black body line is crossed is determined by the thickness of the first converter plate and the spectral emission properties of the Ca--SiAlON:Eu ceramic.
The described illumination device can of course be modified in many ways. Thus different materials than the mentioned ones can be used, and the corresponding layers can have other shapes and relative dimensions. Moreover, it is possible to use more than one active layer and/or more than two luminescent ceramic converter layers.
Finally it is pointed out that in the present application the term "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, that "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality, and that a single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions of several means. The invention resides in each and every novel characteristic feature and each and every combination of characteristic features. Moreover, reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting their scope.


text:
Heart Trouble may refer to:
"Heart Trouble" (The Parliaments song)
"Heart Trouble" (Steve Wariner song), from the album One Good Night Deserves Another
"Heart Trouble" (Martina McBride song), from the album The Way That I Am
Heart Trouble (album), a 2003 album by rockabilly singer Wanda Jackson
Heart Trouble (1928 film), an American silent comedy starring Harry Langdon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Nigeria's Kamaru Usman knocks out Colby Covington to retain UFC title
By Ifeanyi Ibeh
Kamaru Usman (red gloves) fights Colby Covington (blue gloves) during UFC 245 at T-Mobile Arena. PHOTO: Stephen R. Sylvanie/USA TODAY Sports
Nigeria's Kamaru Usman, in the early hours of Sunday, defeated Colby Covington courtesy of a fifth-round knockout to retain his UFC welterweight title at UFC 245 in Las Vegas, Nevada.
The 'Nigerian Nightmare' stopped Covington in the final round after multiple knockdowns, in a contest that saw the two elite wrestlers strike throughout.
The win took Usman's mixed martial arts record to 16-1-0 (11-0 in the UFC) while Covington, who was previously interim champion of the division, dropped to 15-2-0.
Covington, in the build-up to the fight, showed little respect towards Usman, using uncomplimentary words, and even predicting it would be "an easy fight for me."
He even insulted Usman's Nigerian heritage, saying: "How is he more American than me? My family has served in the Korean War, in the Vietnam War; my family has shed blood for that flag, for the red, white and blue of America. What has his family ever done for America beside serve in the Federal penitentiary?"
He added: "He's out here claiming to be the first Nigerian-born, African champion. He was born in Dallas. He went to college in Nebraska. He was wiping the mats at the Olympic training centre in Colorado, and now he lives in Boca Raton (Florida). There ain't no Nigerian nightmares in Boca. The only things in Boca are early bird specials."
But that is exactly what 'Chaos' Covington will be having for the next couple of nights – if not weeks – after Auchi, Edo State-born Usman, who has been unstoppable since making his UFC debut back in 2015, winning 10 fights in a row, and becoming the first Nigerian-born champion in UFC history in the process, handed out a mixed martial arts lesson to the cocky American.
After an opening round that saw Usman hurting Covington with a hard right to the body that hurt the American, the Nigerian Nightmare continued to churn out blows in the second round with a steady stream of jabs and a couple of rights that pushed Covington back late in the round.
In the third round, Usman continued to throw front kicks to the body of Covington and scored with another right to the body, but in the ensuing exchange, Usman took an eye poke. Before the round ended though, the Nigerian planted a right hand that Colby apparently thought was an eye poke, but replays showed that Usman landed a very hard right hand.
At this point, Covington could be heard telling his corner that he feared the Nigerian may have broken his jaw. Usman, possibly aware, came out firing in the fourth round, landing more hard shots, and opening a cut above Covington's left eye. But Covington continued to press forward, and landed several strikes, even staggering Usman with a hard left towards the end of the round.
However, in the fifth and final round, with Covington appearing to be on the ascendency, Usman floored Covington with a right hand, and then after following up with a few more powerful shots, the fight was called by the referee.
Colby CovingtonKamaru UsmanUFC 245
NOW Nigeria

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Copyright © 2018 The Blind Spot - All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: Capturing AWS Glue Event in Cloud watch I have created one AWS Cloud watch Rule where I have defined the following event pattern. To capture the AWS Glue Job and keep an entry in SQS Queue.
{
  "source": [
    "aws.glue"
  ],
  "detail-type": [
    "Glue Job State Change"
  ],
  "detail": {
    "state": [
      "Succeeded"
    ],
    "jobName": [
      "GlueJobName"
    ]
  }
}

I ran my Glue job manually or by using trigger in Glue console I could see the job status as succeeded but there is no SQS entry generated by Cloud watch, which means the Glue status Job change event is not captured in cloud watch. Can any one help on this? Anything wrong with what we are doing? Our idea is to keep a SQS Entry each time when Glue job runs, and read the SQS to trigger the Schedular.
I have created one AWS Cloud watch Rule where I have defined the following event pattern. To capture the AWS Glue Job and keep an entry in SQS Queue.

A: Use the following rule, it should work. No need to add account and region fields. I think primary reason why it wasn't working was because the state 'SUCCEEDED' was in lowercase.
{
  "source": [
    "aws.glue"
  ],
  "detail-type":[
    "Glue Job State Change"
  ],
  "detail": {
    "state": [
      "SUCCEEDED"
    ],
    "jobName": [
        "GlueJobName"
    ]
  }
}

A: {
  "source": [
    "aws.glue"
  ],
  "detail-type": [
    "Glue Job State Change"
  ],
  "detail": {
    "state": [
      "Succeeded"
    ],
    "jobName": [
      "GlueJobName"
    ]
  }
}

along with this we added the account and region fields

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Confused by the technician's lingo? View our shop glossary and find what it is you may be looking for!
TERM Explanation (note that links followed by >> links to an external website and opens a new window);
ABS: Antilock Braking System – a computerized system that prevents wheel lockup and skidding during braking.
AMPERE The unit used to measure electrical current in an electrical circuit. The current is limited by a fuse in order not to overload the wires and thereby cause fire or other damage, for example at 16 A (Ampere).
AIR SHOCKS A shock absorber or MacPherson strut with an air chamber that adjusts its length and thus the height of the vehicle's chassis.
ALTERNATOR A generator driven by the engine that produces electricity to charge the battery and power the vehicle's electrical components.
BODY-ON-FRAME A vehicle body construction that utilizes a rigid steel frame separate from the body.
BRAKE ASSIST A provision that increases braking power when the computer detects that the driver is making a panic stop.
BRAKE FADE A condition in which brakes lose their effectiveness due to overheating.
CHASSIS A vehicle's structural framework, excluding the body.
COIL SPRING A helical suspension spring used predominantly on passenger cars.
CURB WEIGHT The weight of a vehicle with a full tank of fuel and all necessary fluids but no passengers or cargo.
DIFFERENTIAL A gear assembly that permits either side of an axle, or two separate driveshafts, to rotate at different speeds, which allows different wheels to rotate at different speeds as the vehicle turns.
DISC BRAKE A brake system that slows a wheel's rotation by squeezing an attached metal disc in a viselike hydraulic caliper.
DISPLACEMENT The volume of an engine's cylinders, a general indicator of its size and power.
DRIVELINE The parts of the drivetrain excluding the engine and transmission.
DRIVETRAIN All components that generate power and propel a vehicle.
DRUM BRAKES A brake system that slows a wheel's rotation by pressing curved brake shoes against the inside of an attached metal drum. These days most common as rear wheel breaks and usuallu regaded as less efficient compared to disc brakes.
EFI Electronic Fuel Injection See fuel injection/electronic fuel injection..
FUEL INJECTION A fuel-supply system that has taken the carburetor's place, increasing vehicle reliability, efficiency and emissions performance. Can be mechanical or electronic.
GAS SHOCKS A shock absorber or MacPherson strut that incorporates compressed gas to prevent the oil from foaming
HORSEPOWER A measures of the force exerted by an engine and its ability to do work. 1 hp == 735 Watt.
INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION A suspension arrangement in which the left and right wheels are attached independently to the chassis rather than sharing a single, solid axle
INTERCOOLER A type of radiator that cools the air compressed by a supercharger or turbocharger in order to gain higher horsepower.
KICKDOWN A downshift in an automatic transmission triggered when the driver pushes the accelerator to the floor.
LEAF SPRING A type of suspension spring that uses one or more flat steel strips, typically used in heavy-duty applications such as trucks.
LEAN BURN An engine type or mode of operation that combusts a leaner-than-normal fuel/air mixture.
LED Light Emitting Diod – used insted of light bulbs, for greater illumination and longevity.
MUFFLER A device in the exhaust system with the purpose of lowering the sound level engine.
OVERDRIVE Refers to the transmission's highest gear; allows for efficient cruising.
OVERSTEER A condition in which a vehicle turns more sharply than the driver intends.
RACK-AND-PINION Refers to a steering system that turns the wheels by means of a small pinion gear that meshes with a toothed bar or rack.
SHOCK ABSORBER A suspension component that controls the up-and-down motion of the vehicle's wheels.
SPRINGS In suspensions, the components that support the vehicle's weight and absorb shocks from bumps and dips in the road.
STABILIZER BAR A steel bar that connects suspension components on opposite wheels, a measure to combat body roll.
SUPERCHARGER A device driven by a belt, chain or gears that increases engine power by pumping air into the combustion chambers.
SWAY BAR See stabilizer bar.
TRACTION CONTROL A system that helps a vehicle maintain traction and stay on course during acceleration.
A gearbox that divides power between two separate axles in a four-wheel-drive system and, in some vehicles, offers an additional, low-gear setting for offroad use.
TURBOCHARGER A device driven by exhaust gases that increases engine power by pumping air into the combustion chambers .
UNDERSTEER A condition in which a vehicle turns less sharply than the driver intends.
UNIBODY A vehicle body construction in which the frame and body are a single unit.
UNSPRUNG WEIGHT The weight of all components not supported by the vehicle's springs.
VISCOUS CLUTCH/COUPLING A limited-slip device that uses heat-activated viscous fluid to transfer power between two driveshafts.
VOLT The unit used to measure electrical potential between points in an electrical circuit. The voltage in most modern cars is nominal 12 V..
© Copyright 2013 | Toyota-Scion Specialist | All Rights Reserved | Site by ID ART, INC.


I am sick, SICK, of spending half my life at children's playgrounds. What I didn't realise when I had a baby was just how quickly after arriving on the planet she would develop an addiction to playgrounds.
Maybe because I'm 42 and haven't been on a slide, swing, roundabout since the age of eight, I had forgotten how much children adore them.
When I take Mary out in her pram, it's as though she's fitted with some sort of sensor, for if we tread within 200 yards of a play area, she sits bolt upright, points in the direction of the swings and begins to scream so hysterically it's as if I am whacking her around the face with a fish slice.
It leaves me with no other option than to traipse over to the park in question with a very heavy heart for I know this is where I'm destined to spend at least the next two hours of my increasingly depressing life.
It's difficult to imagine now but once upon a time I did what I wanted, when I wanted. If I wanted to go for a walk I did it. If I wanted to go rock climbing I did it.
But now my life is ruled by my child.
And here's the thing about the playground: it's never a quick visit. Once we're there, we're there indefinitely, for she never seems to tire of it.
The swing is her favourite. Last week I pushed her for one hour 13 minutes. I stopped on several occasions, mainly because I had violent cramp in both wrists, but each time she began bawling so loudly several other parents rushed over as if suspecting some sort of abuse had occurred.
Faced with a vigilante mob and the wrath of my own offspring, I had to start pushing again. When we eventually got home, I lay prostrate on the settee with a bag of frozen peas strapped to each of my inflamed arms.
What really infuriates me is that despite all these repeated trips to the park she still hasn't learnt how to use it properly.
Take the slide. The concept is simple. You climb the steps, sit, and slide to the bottom, then repeat.
Mary, however, possibly because she's the adventurous type but more likely because she's thick, attempts to walk up the slide.
While I applaud her sense of daring and anarchy, what she doesn't realise is that she isn't capable of doing this and halfway up – about six feet above the ground – will inevitably topple sideways and plunge headfirst towards the concrete below. I have lost count of the number of times I have saved her life.
It's becoming harder to resist the urge to let her drop to the ground. I have warned Mary about this behaviour but she isn't taking my words on board.
Which leads me to another thing – she doesn't seem to be developing very quickly.
It's disappointing for I'd hoped to raise a child genius.
Mozart, for instance, could play the piano at 18 months old. At the same age my daughter is still trying to eat the cat's food from its bowl.
What she doesn't take into account is all the other children can not only put full sentences together but can discuss the implications of a soft Brexit.


TiVo will let its subscribers rent movies from Walt Disney Studios to Internet-connected DVRs directly from the TV, through an agreement with Disney-ABC Domestic Television and CinemaNow.
Disney movies will be available for a 24-hour rental period in standard-definition format, with some also available in HD. TiVo now offers access to more than 30,000 titles -- over a broadband connection -- through Amazon.com's Unbox service and more than 50 other content providers.
The addition of Disney movies "really delivers on TiVo's promise to offer the best television entertainment experience with unlimited content choices that are easy to navigate across broadcast, cable, and broadband using one device, one remote, and one user interface," TiVo general manager of content services Tara Maitra said.
Disney-ABC Domestic Television distributes movies in the United States from Walt Disney Studios, including titles from Walt Disney Pictures, Disney-Pixar, Touchstone Pictures, Hollywood Pictures, and Miramax Films.


News received today from Peugeot reveals that the V12 HDi engine was tested on the test bench at the end of last week, as scheduled - writes David Legangneux.
This first test is being reported as successful, the engine having worked at the "first turn of key". Testing then continued. For the Peugeot personnel, it was "another great moment of emotion" with the unveiling of the car the same week. Everything is reported to be "on schedule, with no delays".
The 'real' car, which will be assembled in October to December, will be 90% like the scale model unveiled last week.
Four of the 2007 drivers, who will drive in the Le Mans Series, will be announced this month. The 'Le Mans only' drivers will be announced later, but all will be part of the testing programme. Eric Hélary has a contract with Peugeot, but until the end of this year only.
Peugeot will go to Sebring in March 2007, but not for the 12 hours, unless there are "exceptional conditions" according to Serge Saulnier, interviewed by Le Maine Libre. According to l'Equipe, they will test as soon as the day after the 12 Hours race - for a week. Of course, times will be compared to those of the Audis!
The shakedown, scheduled for early December, will be carried out by Eric Hélary, on an airfield track. Real testing will begin then at the end of the same month, on the Paul Ricard circuit. Several 24 hour simulations are scheduled. So a big testing schedule, which is unlikely to be compatible with Sébastien Loeb's own agenda. According to Serge Saulnier, if any current Pescarolo drivers become Peugeot drivers, it will be done in agreement with Henri Pescarolo.
The first race for the Peugeot is expected to be the first Le Mans Series race, at Monza or Valencia.


Dash began his turn adjacent to a character and within one square of another. He makes his attacks (all four) and kills the adjacent enemy, thus rolling cleave would come into effect and he thus moves adjacent to the next enemy and twins him. The argument clearly was whether Momentum would come into effect.
Normally, if the character HAD Momentum on his own, it becomes a no brainer. The character would recieve the benefits, quite simply he moved (lower case).
However, this was Skywalker's momentum, which requires an END to Movement(capital M).
Let's say Dash did not have GMA and used his full attack action previously...thus he had no Movement to end. Rolling Cleave itself is not part of a character's Move action, just a "free" action granted.
I think using the above makes it irrelevant that Dash still had 6 squares of movement, that he could or could not use (player's choice).
You sure you ruled correctly? I was under the impression that Rolling Cleave automatically kicked Momentum into play. Now, of course, you did the right thing by trying to come to a good interpretation of the rules, and then sticking to it. That's the judge's job, even if we get it wrong sometimes. You might've been right though, and I totally understand your logic behind it. I'd double check with NickName for the future though.
1. Does he get momentum on the attack from rolling cleave?
If he moved previously and has declared the move over. The main point being Kybuck would not be able to continue his normal move after benefitting from General Skywalker's CE.
Great question though. I learned that I have seen Gen Skywalker played incorrectly many times with his use with Yobuck and Galloping Attack lol.
Nickname's answer doesn't seem to fit that question though. Nickname's answer was referring to the use of Gallop and Momentum. That question was talking about using Double-Attack and Momentum. I was always under the impression that if a character used Double Attack, and they got a Rolling Cleave off the first one, that Momentum would kick in on the Rolling Cleave attack, because at that point, you will have 'finished your move'.
Now, the situation with Dash that TCW talked about, it would be one of those things where the player would have to declare that they were done moving and wanted to use Momentum (similar to how Deadeye/Careful Shot must be declared ahead of time). I think that's how it should actually work out. If the player wished to move 1 space from Rolling Cleave, finish their attacks, and then continue moving due to Dash's GMA, then yes, I would agree that he would not get Momentum.
Um sorry no. The question clearly says Yobuck makes a Double Attack. That is where I see NickName's answer does fit the question cause he states and has declared the move over, so if Dash player said I'm not moving and killed first piece and then moved on the Cleave attack he would receive momentum. Cleave again if possible with momentum and then still have a double attack (assuming the first attack killed the first guy) with momentum (assuming there is an adjacent legal target available) or regular shot without momentum.
So, I would see it similiar to Deadeye in that if you don't declare it before you roll against the first attack, you don't get the bonus.
NickName's response seems to imply that you have to move at least one square using your move action to benefit from Skywalker's CE.
If you haven't done (any part of) your normal move and declared it over, you haven't ended your move.
You're right Boba. I was just reading it different.
@ swinefeld. The trick is that it's a combination of things. Skywalker's CE requires 2 things. That you have moved at least 1 square, and that you have ended your movement. So, in the case of Yobuck doing Double Attack, you have already declared your movement to be over by doing a Double Attack, so that satisfies the first part of the criteria. It's not based on your 'normal move' I think. So, once you move 1 square due to Rolling Cleave, now you've satisfied the 2nd part of the equation, and can benefit from Momentum.
Momentum says "moved this turn". If the character already has Momentum, Rolling Cleave activates it.
Skywalker's CE says "who end their move...".
If he moved previously and has declared the move over.
If Kybuck had moved previously, he wouldn't be able to double attack in the first place. Dash on the other hand could, so he would have to explicitly declare his movement over. So I see NickName's wording as being pretty clear that you have to actually use your move action to move at least one square, then end it, in order to receive the CE.
It certainly is a bit confusing.
We may well have to bug NickName to get an official answer to this exact situation.
OK, nevermind. My previous arguments are officially wrong.
Why couldn't I have found this thread before the other?
Edit: The CE should have been worded "who end a move within 6 squares..."
See I think the "zero square move precedent" that states that C3Po Ewok Deity who has a move of 0 can not "end" his movement next to a rebel troop cart and board may apply here. No character can simply just choose to "end" their movement without moving at least 1 square, per the Ewok Diety ruling. Herego, no one can benefit from "ending" their movement within 6 (or in this case, anywhere) of General Skywalker, without actually using their Move action to move at least 1 square.
In my opinion, the 1 square movement granted from Rolling Cleave is NOT part of their standard Move action, it's simply movement.
Ah yes...."a" move and "their" move are really quite different. So I did rule wrong, but I'm not even sure this has been inserted into the FAQ.
Although, I have to admit having mulled it over in the absence of this ruling, I think this is one time where I have to disagree with Jason...it just doesn't match precedent(see above) in my opinion.
Okay wait a minute then...so let's change the situation. No Mas, and the character moved 6 to base his opponent. Gen. Skywalker is 6 away as is Ashoka.
He is granted momentum(he ended his movement within 6) on his attacks (still using Dash) and kills the opponet. HE then gets rolling cleave, but now since he has ended "A new movement" outside of Skywalker's range, he no longer gets Momentum??? I don't like that interaction at all...surely you're not saying he can use his previous check to still have it granted...the two rulings would completely contradict each other.
From what I read, once the character declares the normal move over (within 6 of Skywalker) he gains momentum for the rest of the turn, whether RC then takes him father away or not. That precedent was set with CS Durge.
Yeah I know, I'm just really irritated that I got it wrong. I've been doing that a lot lately since I got back. Though I finally thought I was back into the flow with this one.
Really I just need to think of Gen. Skywalker's card as being errated to read "a move" and I'll get over it.
Eh, don't beat yourself up over it Brad. There's plenty of odd-ball ones like this out there that can get really confusing, especially when you have two players breathing down your neck to make a decision. The key is to make the call, and stick to it for the duration of the tournament.
I always remember the story about Rob Watkins rulling the interaction of Transfer Essence and Thrawn's Force Bubble incorrectly during GenCon '06, and from what I understand, it may have cost somebody a game. The ruling was then clarified shortly after. So, even the game designer does it. No reason for you to feel bad. We're all human.
Wait I don't think I heard this one. What happened? I could have swore I was there in 06 but maybe not.
Check with Bill or Eric (Engineer) sometime. I wasn't there. Just have heard the story a few times from one of them.
Yeah, and then he promptly errata'd Force Immunity to work as intended.
To give Rob credit, he ruled it as he designed and intended the interaction. The wording just wasn't matching the intent. That was a huge sore spot during the early part of SSM debacle.
Matt Peterson (MtMagus) was playing Engineer in 06 in the semifinals. Matt had Exar and wanted to transfer into the bubble from outside it and the triple attack would kill thrawn (40hps remaining). Since the rules were that transfer did not actually target, it should have been allowed. Matt was not allowed to do so, and Eric ended up winning a close game (which he wouldn't have if the ruling had been made correctly). Matt ended up taking third, and Eric ended up beating me in a Black and Blue mirror match (he had copied my squad after I let them all know for testing, etc). Eric won Gencon 06, and became a legend, and Matt had to wait 3 more years to get into the Hall of Fame.
Later that week, Nickname gave the correct ruling (which would have allowed Matt to do as the rules should have allowed) and 6 months later Rob gave us an errata on the bubble that would actually prevent it.


The Panthers host South Sydney Rabbitohs on Friday night at Pepper Stadium, looking to bounce back after being struck down by Melbourne Storm.
Anthony Griffin has recalled Dylan Edwards to the side at fullback, while Michael Oldfield makes his first appearance in a Panthers jersey on the wing against his former side. Malakai Watene-Zelezniak lines up on the opposite wing alongside brother Dallin for his NRL debut. Reagan Campbell-Gillard takes his place in the front row for his 50th NRL game.
Rabbitohs coach Michael Maguire has named an unchanged side to the one that was handily beaten 20-6 by the Cowboys last week, with former Panthers juniors Braidon Burns and Robert Jennings making up part of the Souths back line.
The Panthers will have to go back to the drawing board after being shut out by the Storm during their 28-6 loss last Saturday. Despite dominating field territory and possession for large periods of the game, the Panthers could only muster one try and allowed a ball-starved Storm side to cross over five times.


Although the formal examination structures of AS and A-level examinations tend to dominate teachers' thinking about students' progress and how it is assessed, there is still a need to plan carefully to support students' transition from GCSE to A level, helping them make sense of the more extensive demands made of them at this level. The materials in this section help teachers to think about appropriate models of progression at this stage. They explore the use of formative assessment strategies, including self and peer assessment, and the ways in which teachers can develop students' ideas about high-quality historical argument and their knowledge of how to construct and evaluate them.
Material in this section focuses specifically on ways of equipping and guiding students as they undertake the independent investigation that is a current requirement of all A-level specifications. Many teachers who have explored this issue in their own practice have concluded that they need to pay more attention to it in their work with younger students, gradually building their capacity to identify and frame worthwhile historical questions. This section therefore includes examples of related work at earlier stages, intended to develop students' capacity to engage in more independent investigation.
The materials in this section include teachers' and students' guides to history at university level and to the applications and interview processes involved. Other resources, some of which have been written from the perspective of higher education, reflect on the demands of a history degree and the ideas about history held by many first-year undergraduates, will help you to consider the nature of your curriculum and the ways in which particular approaches to A-level study may most effectively prepare students for further academic study of history – and, indeed, for different forms of assessment.
Does the grammatical 'release the conceptual'?
How do you construct an historical claim?


text:
The Buckeystown Historic District includes the majority of the small town of Buckeystown, Maryland, an unincorporated community located in Frederick County, Maryland, USA. It is named for George Buckey, a tanner, and his brother,  John Buckey, a blacksmith and tavern owner.  Buckeystown is on the U.S National Register of Historic Places and the Maryland Civil War Trail due to its rich history and beautiful examples of Queen Anne and Victorian style houses, along with a small commercial center. Each historic home has a plaque indicating the year built, the earliest being circa 1780. There are also several historical information plaques installed along the main street.

History
The land Buckeystown now sits on was once called "Good Luck."  It began as a  parcel given to Meredith Davis by the King of England in 1731.  Over time, more land was added to the original tract. A road that stretched from Pennsylvania to Florida bisected the town and sealed the area's fate: it was the perfect place for enterprising families to settle. The town grew due to the prosperity of several businesses which took advantage of the natural resources the location provided. Two mills were located along the Monocacy River, which runs behind the southside of town, the tannery and an ice creamery utilized a natural spring, and a brickworks used the naturally occurring lime.

Buckeystown enjoyed 100 years of prosperity from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.  Several wealthy families began to dominate the town's social scene. These families built the lavish mansions and proud stone homes which still grace the main streets today.  Buckeystown's early industrial center gradually faded, leaving a well-preserved residential district with a particular emphasis on the 1870-1910 period.

The main thoroughfare, currently known as Buckeystown Pike or Maryland State Highway 85, was used during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War.  Soldiers marched through town towards decisive battles, following leaders including Stonewall Jackson and  General Robert E. Lee.

Present day

The small community of Buckeystown has several businesses including Hedgeapple Farm, the Buckeystown Market (a pub), the Frederick Inn Bed and Breakfast (formally known as The Inn at Buckeystown), Bodmers Stoves and Pottery, Maynes Farm, a convenience store and gas station, an antique store, two car clinics, a law firm and a veterinary hospital.  Buckeystown Park, by the river on Michael's Mill Road, provides residents with grills, horseshoe pits, picnic shelters and a jungle gym.  Four books have been written about Buckeystown history and architecture by resident, Nancy Bodmer. Until recently the town held Victorian House Tours.

Demographics
The median age for Buckeystown residents is 42.0. There are 39 men and 29 women. Buckeystown is located at 39.334N and -77.431W.  Average town elevation is 334 feet.

References

External links
The B&B; http://www.innatbuckeystown.com/
The vet hospital: http://www.buckeystownvet.com/
The pub: https://web.archive.org/web/20100625083901/http://www.eatinfrederick.com/Restaurant/474/Buckeystown-Market/
The Buckeystown park:http://www.co.frederick.md.us/index.asp?NID=2926
, including 2006 photo, at Maryland Historical Trust
Boundary Map of the Buckeystown Historic District, Frederick County, at Maryland Historical Trust

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Queen Anne architecture in Maryland
Colonial Revival architecture in Maryland
Historic districts in Frederick County, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Frederick County, Maryland


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Child support payments are often mandated by a court of law when the parents of a child go through a divorce. Which parent ultimately pays child support to the other is determined by the court using a number of factors to determine what the court believes will be in the best interest of the child….
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OSCE Ministerial Council in Milan: Expressing differences rather than resolving them
Stephanie Liechtenstein
Analysis 11 December 2018
The 25th OSCE Ministerial Council (MC) meeting in Milan took place against the backdrop of a deteriorating crisis of European security and a recent escalation of tensions between Ukraine and Russia in Black Sea near the Kerch Strait.
Tensions around the Kerch Strait, a narrow entry point connecting the Black Sea and the Azov Sea, had been rising in recent months. It began when Russia started building a bridge between the Russian mainland and the Crimean Peninsula, which Russia illegally annexed in 2014. The bridge was partially opened in May and around this time, Ukraine began complaining of considerable delays for some of its ships passing through the strait due to tougher controls and Russian patrols.
The situation escalated on 25 November when Russian coast guard boats rammed and fired on three Ukrainian naval vessels which intended to pass through the strait. Russia seized the boats and detained the crew members.
At their annual OSCE MC meeting, Foreign Ministers failed to take any concrete measures to deescalate the Azov Sea crisis, despite a joint plea by OSCE Secretary General Thomas Greminger and OSCE Chairperson-in-Office, Italian Foreign Minister Enzo Moavero Milanesi. In an article published ahead of the meeting, both called on Foreign Ministers to make full use of the OSCE MC meeting and to enter into dialogue to deescalate tensions in the Azov Sea.
Yet, instead of dialogue, confrontational rhetoric and mutual accusations dominated the discussions in the plenary hall.
Clashes in the plenary
Italian Foreign Minister Enzo Moavero Milanesi, who took over the function of OSCE Chairperson-in-Office from Angelino Alfano on 1 June after elections in Italy, formally opened the conference. Speaking in the plenary hall of the Milan Convention Centre to 39 Foreign Ministers he said: "We have an opportunity to show how a multilateral organization can serve as a strong example of multilateral cooperation and diplomacy." He urged participating States to overcome divisions and to "engage in a civil dialogue around the same table".
OSCE Secretary General Thomas Greminger found stronger words, stating that the current security environment was more polarized and more unstable than it had been in decades. "In fact, the security order is breaking down," he said adding that this demanded a cooperative response. "What kind of world do we want to live in?" he asked. "I assume no one wants war." Greminger called on all participating States to make full use of the MC meeting, to enter into sincere dialogue, to reduce tensions and to restore a sense of common purpose.
Ukrainian Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin said that Russia's aggression against his country and the illegal occupation and annexation of the Crimean Peninsula should never by accepted by the international community. He denounced the recent seizure of three Ukrainian naval vessels and their crew by Russian border guards. "There can never be business as usual or a common, unifying agenda," he said. "We have to increase the cost for Russia, including with comprehensive and tailored sanctions."
A.Wess Mitchell, Assistant Secretary of State at the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, represented the United States at the MC meeting. U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo was unable to come to Milan because of the funeral of former U.S. President George H.W. Bush.
Mitchell accused Russia of having violated the principles of the Helsinki Final Act. He denounced what he called "Russia's lawless actions in Ukraine". "We are currently witnessing an escalation of tensions in the Azov Sea which is the continuation of a pattern," he said. He also said that "Russia's destabilizing actions have prompted NATO to increase its defense force posture".
Federica Mogherini, the EU's High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, said that events in the Azov Sea were a reason for grave concern and represented a case where common principles were being broken. "We also urge Russia to release the captured vessels, their crew and equipment unconditionally and without delay," she said.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov seemed unimpressed by all the criticism. "In an effort to achieve supremacy, a small group of countries is using blackmail, pressure and threats, and thinks nothing of meddling in internal affairs," he said. He cited the "support for the coup d'état in Ukraine" as evidence of this. As in previous years, he also lamented NATO's expansion to the East, the deployment of anti-missile defence systems by the United States, as well as sanctions against Russia. "All of this has led to a crisis of trust in the Euro-Atlantic region," he concluded. "And now the U.S. also wants to bury the INF Treaty."
Side event on militarization of the Azov Sea
In an effort to rally support, Ukraine organised a side event on the margins of the MC meeting on the topic of "the problem of militarization of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (Ukraine), as well as parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov". The side event was co-sponsored by Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Sweden and the United States.
The Canadian Foreign Minister, Chrystia Freeland, who has family roots in Ukraine, used the presence of Ukrainian television journalists at the side event to speak in Ukrainian, expressing Canada's full support for Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. "Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, its direct involvement in the conflict in the Donbass, and now its illegal actions targeting Ukrainian sailors and vessels cannot and must not be accepted by the international community," she said.
Numerous bilateral meetings
Besides the discussions in the plenary hall and in the side events, numerous bilateral meetings took place behind closed doors. Bilateral discussions are particularly useful as they offer an opportunity for more open exchanges on urgent security matters.
For example, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavorv held a bilateral meeting with German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas in which they not only discussed arms control issues (such as the INF Treaty), but also explored the possibility to extend the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to the Azov Sea area. While there is no agreement on this, the issue might be taken up again at the meeting of the Normandy Format on 11 December, according to Maas, who gave a press conference right after his meeting with Foreign Minister Lavrov. "There is still a lot of scepticism about this on the Russian side," he said.
Also, at the OSCE MC a discussion was organised by the political director of the Italian Foreign Ministry that looked at new options to shape a peacekeeping mission for eastern Ukraine. Such a meeting was already organised on the margins of the Vienna MC meeting in 2017.
On another positive note, the Foreign Ministers of Armenia and Azerbaijan held a bilateral meeting on the margins of the MC. A joint statement was issued by the Minsk Group Co-Chair countries(the Russian Federation, the United States of America, and France) and the Foreign Ministers of Azerbaijan and Armenia. They agreed to continue working towards a peaceful settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Such a joint statement was last issued three years ago and is therefore considered a positive step forward.
A meeting between Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Mitchell did, however, not materialize. This would have been important, not only because of increasing tensions in and around Ukraine, but also because of Russia's alleged violation of the INF Treaty. The NATO Foreign Ministers meeting on 4 December – that preceded the OSCE MC meeting – concluded that Russia had developed a new missile system in violation of the INF Treaty and gave Russia 60 days to come back into compliance.
In general, the impression emerged that Foreign Ministers did not take full advantage of the large gathering to address the deteriorating security situation. A meeting of the Normandy Format Foreign Ministers did not take place as not all parties were willing to hold such a meeting on the margins of the OSCE MC. The fact that the French Foreign Minister was not in Milan was also likely a contributing factor.
Adoption of decisions in all three security dimensions
Nevertheless, the Foreign Ministers adopted all in all nine decisions by consensus. Among them are decisions on the role of youth in contributing to peace and security efforts, on human capital development in the digital era, on preventing and combating violence against women, on combating child trafficking, and on the digital economy.
OSCE participating States alsoagreed to further their support for the OSCE's work in addressing the threat posed by small arms and light weapons and stockpiles of conventional ammunition.
One of the main successes of the Milan MC was the adoption of a decision on the safety of journalists, the first decision in the human dimension in four years. The topic of safety of journalists had been discussed for many years ahead of MC meetings but has always failed to reach consensus. The adoption of this decision is very timely and sends a strong signal, especially given the many attacks and threats against journalists in the entire OSCE region.
There was also a ministerial statement supporting the continued progress in the negotiations on the Transdniestrian Settlement Process. The statement confirms that the positive dynamics in the negotiations continue. Last year, this translated into concrete action on the ground when the Gura Bicului-Bychok bridge, a key transportation corridor between Moldova and Transdniestria, was reopened. This year, under the Italian Chairmanship, the parties signed the Rome Protocol which will lead to further positive improvements for people on the ground.
The MC also adopted a declaration on security and cooperation in the Mediterranean area. This was a top priority for the Italian Chairmanship, having invested political and financial capital in this topic throughout the year. The declaration emphasises the interlinkage between European and Mediterranean security and includes possible future priority areas for the OSCE Mediterranean Partnership. This declaration is important as the Mediterranean Partnership countries have long sought a closer relationship with OSCE states. This could be a first step to a more strategic partnership.
The MC also agreed via silence procedure that Albania will chair the OSCE in 2020. This decision creates greater predictability and continuity for the political leadership of the Organization. Still, it was unusual that there was no Ministerial Troika meeting at the OSCE MC in Milan. Furthermore, no country has yet expressed an interest in chairing the OSCE in 2021. This shows again that ways need to be found to make it more attractive for countries to chair the OSCE.
Failed decisions
Among the many drafts decisions that failed to reach consensus, one deserves particular mention. It was on the topic of strengthening military transparency and addressing risk reduction and incident prevention. The draft decision would have helped to address the current dangerous security environment, in particular with regard to military tensions between Russia and the West, as well as between Russia and Ukraine on the rise.
In addition, an increased amount of NATO and Russian military exercises and activities create fear and suspicion on both sides, mostly due to a lack of clarity of intentions. As a result, there is a heightened risk of military confrontation caused by misinterpretation and misperceptions.
The draft would have addressed precisely this by suggesting to improve military to military contacts and exchange views on threat perceptions and military exercises. It also proposed concrete measures on how to update the 2011 Vienna Document on Confidence- and Security-Building Measures, a politically-binding agreement among the 57 OSCE participating States detailing information-sharing, inspections and evaluations in the military realm. The modernization of the Vienna Document is long overdue.
As in previous years, the Milan MC also failed to adopt a political declaration by consensus. The last time such a declaration was adopted was in 2002. This is due to the fact that participating States have fundamentally divergent views on the conflict in and around Ukraine as well as on protracted conflicts in the OSCE region.
Civil society denied access to opening session
As every year, the OSCE MC meeting was preceded by a Parallel Civil Society Conference. At the end of their conference, civil society representatives adopted recommendations that they hoped would be taken into consideration by OSCE participating States.
The recommendations are comprised of two documents, the first is an appeal to the OSCE to listen to the voice of civil society, and the second is a statement on safeguarding NGO participation in OSCE events. A third document, the Milano Declaration, contains proposals for reviving the OSCE comprehensive security concept, rebuilding democratic institutions and revitalizing the resilience of societies.
The civil society recommendations are usually personally received by the OSCE Chairperson-in-Office, the Foreign Minister of the country holding the Chairmanship. This year, Italy broke with this tradition, as the Italian Foreign Minister decided not to attend the civil society gathering. Instead, the civil society recommendations were received by Italian Ambassador Marco Clemente.
Furthermore, and again breaking with tradition, Italy denied civil society representatives access to the opening and closing sessions of the OSCE MC meeting. Usually civil society representatives are allowed to attend the opening and closing sessions (together with media representatives). This was not possible in Milan. Making things worse, there were no TV screens and no live links available in the room assigned to NGO representatives.
When asked about this during the final press conference, Italian Foreign Minister Moavero Milanesi replied that he was not aware of the situation. Incoming Chairperson-in-Office, Slovakia's Foreign Minister Miroslav Lajcak assured everyone that this would not set a precedent for the next year.
Formal closure of MC before adoption of decisions
In another unprecedented move, Italian Foreign Minister Enzo Moavero Milanesi decided to close the MC meeting prior to the adoption of decisions. Negotiations were held up due to differences on the drafts on Mediterranean security and on countering illicit cross-border trafficking in cultural property, both topics that were set priorities for the Italian Chairmanship.
Instead of going into overtime – which is almost standard practice for OSCE MC meetings – the Italian Chairmanship decided to formally close the MC meeting on Friday at around noon and held its final press conference, while delegates were still negotiating the draft decisions.
This left many long-time OSCE observers baffled. OSCE MC meetings, just like any other formal summit, cannot be closed if negotiations on final decisions are ongoing.
When confronted with this during the final press conference, Moavero Milanesi said that "the outcome of the meeting will be made public in a few hours as technical negotiations are ongoing". OSCE Secretary General Thomas Greminger clarified that "the meeting is not over". The Italian Foreign Minister left the MC meeting after the final press conference.
Overall, the Milan MC meeting was successful as OSCE states reached consensus on important decisions in all three OSCE security dimensions. However, in light of the very serious security threats and escalation of tensions in the Black and Azov Seas, it seemed that a concrete political initiative to help all parties come together in a diplomatic effort was missing.
On the one hand this is of course mainly up to the states concerned, but on the other hand the Italian OSCE Chairmanship and key states such as Germany, France and the U.S. should help bring the parties together and make innovative and concrete diplomatic proposals.
Since there are very few places where all interested states come around the same table these days, it is a shame that the Milan OSCE MC meeting was not used more effectively to resolve differences rather than just expressing them.
Azov Sea Black Sea Civic Solidarity Platform decision on safety of journalists Italian OSCE Chairmanship Kerch Strait Nagorno-Karabakh Normandy Format OSCE Ministerial Council in Milan Russia Transdniestrian Settlement Process Ukraine
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The Proposed EU Human Rights Sanctions Regime
Normandy Summit discusses expanding mandate of OSCE monitors in Ukraine


2014 has been G-Eazy's best year yet, and he is showing no signs of stopping. After a number of mixtapes and EPs, G-Eazy released his debut label studio album These Things Happen, debuting at number three on the Billboard charts. Followed by his From the Bay to the Universe tour (now on it's second leg), G-Eazy has now given fans another treat to cap off his amazing year, three new songs. The tracks include 'Show You The World' 'I Might' and 'Why Thank You', and contain features from Too Short (among others). Check out all three tracks below.


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Q: AC regime: Serial connection of ideal current generator and impedance and Parallel connection of ideal voltage source and impedance I have the following two scenarios in the AC regime:

*

*Serial connection of ideal current generator and impedance

*Parallel connection of ideal voltage source and impedance

*

*When we have the first scenario in a circuit, and we are using one of the methods (Potential of nodes method, Method of contour currents), to find potentials and currents, do we change the serial connection of ideal current generator and impedance by only with ideal current generator? In other words, does the first scenario becomes (Z is annulled):

?
But, if are asked to find, for example, active power over impedance Z, we can't annulle it.
How do we know when to annulle Z and when not to?

*What happens in the second scenario?

A: In both cases, with the positions of Z in each scenario, neither the output current nor the output voltage is affected by the presense of that impedance Z. If you are tasked with finding the power dissipated by Z then treat that as a seperate circuit; you know the current or the voltage so you can calculate power.


All homes have two water shutoff valve locations. It's best to learn where these important valves are before you need to use them. The challenge for most homeowners is finding the meter. Most homes will have a curbside valve that is better accessed by city workers using special wrenches, and there is usually another shutoff valve at the water meter inside the house that homeowners should use.
Your meter will usually be in a basement or crawl space along the floor.
Once you find your inside meter, you'll see a water supply line coming out of each side of the meter. There will be a shutoff valve on each side of the meter.
Determine which line is the supply line coming into the house from the outside. To turn off the water coming into the home, you need to turn off the valve on the supply side of the meter, where the water line comes into the house.


"Under Charge NY, New York State is making significant investments to improve the development and use of electric vehicles and the necessary technology and infrastructure. This program will focus on furthering research and innovation related to EVs, so that we can make these vehicles more affordable for New Yorkers, promote a cleaner transportation source, and make our infrastructure more efficient, while also creating jobs in the clean energy industry. As we move towards our goal of establishing a statewide network of up to 3,000 EV charging stations over the next five years, we are ensuring that New York State is prepared to welcome the next generation of environmentally-friendly vehicles on our roads."
Called The Electric Vehicle-Enabling Technology Demonstration Program, Cuomo says the state will offer up to $2 million to fund research and demonstration projects related to electric vehicles that make the EV infrastructure easier to use and more economically viable in New York State.
"The new demonstration program seeks applications from entities such as universities, research centers, and technology-based businesses and manufacturers conducting research in and development of EV technology. The program is funded by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA)."
"Examples of relevant projects include demonstrating EV charging stations sited alongside battery energy storage that reduce the electric grid demands from charging, and feasibility studies of new electric rate structures or other utility incentives to help reduce the cost of EV ownership."
"Areas of particular interest are technologies and strategies that can integrate EVs into the electric grid, enable long-distance EV travel, and ease financial and regulatory obstacles to EV adoption. Proposals should focus on research, results or strategies that can be transferred and implemented throughout the state in the near term to advance EV acceptance."
The state of New York is currently home to approximately 640 public charging stations. Over 5,000 plug-ins are registered statewide though, which shows there's a need for additional chargers.
The Charge NY initiative will install a statewide network of up to 3,000 chargers to support the 40,000 plug-in vehicles on the road there by 2018.


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/* @var $this yii\web\View */
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/* @var $dataProvider yii\data\ActiveDataProvider */

$this->title = 'Новости';
$this->params['breadcrumbs'][] = $this->title;
?>

        <?= Html::a('Добавить новость', ['create'], ['class' => 'btn btn-success']) ?>

    <?= GridView::widget([
        'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
        'filterModel' => $searchModel,
        'columns' => [
            ['class' => 'yii\grid\SerialColumn'],

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Defense Industry Daily is an online trade publication focused on the procurement of weapon programs, systems, and their subsystems.
Defense Industry Daily (DID) is an online trade publication dedicated to defense acquisition with a strong focus on the procurement of weapon programs, systems, and their subsystems.
Defense Industry Daily was founded in 2004 and is led by CEO Olivier Travers.


Trestle's primary aim is to foster creativity by expanding opportunities and providing exposure for contemporary artists and curators.
Trestle promotes a variety of artistic practices and facilitates rigorous explorations of art through exhibitions, performances and screenings.
With an expanding network of academic and cultural communities in the United States and abroad, Trestle offers a range of resources including calls for art, group critiques, public art talks and professional development workshops.
In a combined effort, Trestle and its sister organization, Brooklyn Art Space, seek to alleviate typical art world pressures so artists can focus on the development of their work.


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Warrington is een stad, een district en een unitary authority in de Engelse regio North West England, in het  ceremoniële graafschap Cheshire en telt 209.704 inwoners. De oppervlakte bedraagt 181 km².

Demografie
Van de bevolking is 14,2 % ouder dan 65 jaar. De werkloosheid bedraagt 2,9 % van de beroepsbevolking (cijfers volkstelling 2001).

Het aantal inwoners steeg van ongeveer 184.700 in 1991 naar 191.080 in 2001.

Plaatsen in district Warrington
 Bewsey
 Latchford
 Thelwall
 Warrington
 Westy

Civil parishes in district Warrington

Appleton Thorn, Birchwood, Burtonwood and Westbrook, Croft, Cuerdley, Culcheth and Glazebury, Grappenhall and Thelwall, Great Sankey, Hatton, Lymm, Penketh, Poulton-with-Fearnhead, Rixton-with-Glazebrook, Stockton Heath, Stretton, Walton, Winwick, Woolston.

District in Engeland


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The thirtieth series of the British television drama series Grange Hill began broadcasting on 16 January 2007, before ending on 22 March 2007 on the CBBC Channel. The series follows the lives of the staff and pupils of the eponymous school, an inner-city London comprehensive school. It consists of twenty episodes.

Cast

Pupils

Teachers

Others

Episodes

DVD release
The thirtieth series of Grange Hill has never been released on DVD as of 2014.

Notes

References

2007 British television seasons
Grange Hill


In the framework of the IAS/IFRA-Nigeria Field Report Seminar, we receive Mr. Adeola Adams. He is a graduate of Political Science from the University of Ibadan and has a Masters in Peace & Conflict Studies. He is currently finishing a Ph.D. at the Institute of African Studies of the University of Ibadan. Mr. Adams is coordinating IFRA Research Fellows. He is also Oyo State Coordinator for the Institute of Chartered Mediators and Conciliators (ICMC) and Acting Chairman, Society for Peace Studies and Practice (SPSP) Oyo State. In 2011, he benefitted from an IFRA-Nigeria field research grant.


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4 Compilations 3 Distribution Deals 2 Labels / Record Deals 1 Song placements 1 Exposure Opportunity
7 fully mastered 7 broadcast ready 4 rough mixes
3 Non-Exclusive 1 Negotiable or N/A 1 Exclusive
3 Not Available 1 $501 - $1,000 1 $1,001 - $1,500 1 $25,000 - $50,000 1 $100K+
7 longer than 45 days
INgrooves Music Group Seeks Strong Emerging Urban & Pop Acts For Label Deal
INgrooves Music Group is seeking emerging Urban & Pop acts for label deal within our INresidence program. We take talented, high-potential acts into our organization with full label, promotions, marketing, and project-management services of one of the largest distribution companies in the music business.
Please submit if you can show:
- recent sales history or streaming success (if available)
- consumer demand for your music - strong social media and music following (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Soundcloud, YouTube, etc.)
- touring base/fan support - good marketing plan and rollout - solid label infrastructure and team support
We look forward to hearing your best material.
Seeking Artist/Bands for Roster Consideration & Album Releases at Hurricane Music Group
Payout: $25,000 - $50,000
Hurricane Music Group (HMG) is Rock, R&B, and Hip-Hop artists for label roster consideration and album releases. Please submit your best track(s) for consideration.
Alex Roberts and HMG recently made the wise decision to re-enter the Hip Hop world & also venture into the forever popular Pop/R&B, & Electronic/Techno music that caters to a World Wide market & fan base, however still keeping HMG's finger on the pulse of all formats of music pending the artist/band's talent & drive to succeed, including the level of understanding what the true meaning of artist/label relations stands for in order to achieve their desired goals, in other words we work together, not against! Our doors are open, "Let Us Show You".
Seeking Hip-Hop/Rap Tracks for Compilation Album
Lloydmobile Productions (Steve Jennings) is looking for 15 quality tracks to feature on a compilation album. This album will be distributed worldwide digitally with the potential for physical placement in 3,300 stores. We are looking for the best hip-hop/rap to feature Please do not submit to this dropbox If your music is not Hip Hop/Rap.
- Steve Jennings - 101 Distribution / Arena.com
Deal Type: Compilation / Exposure Opportunity
Compensation: $0
Break-up, Heartbreak, Loss of Love, Broken Heart Songs
Break-up, Heartbreak, Loss of Love & Broken Heart Songs
Break-up, Heartbreak, Loss of Love & Broken Heart Songs needed for upcoming compilation CD. For Consideration, submitt finished songs only please. Songs can be any tempo and can reflect any emotion felt from having a broken heart including anger, revenge, pain and/or sorrow etc. We will consider all genres but incourge Country, Pop, Rock, R&B, Blues and Adult Contemporary submissions.
Seeking Worship Music (Studio Recorded)
I am looking for some really inspiring Worship Music, and I am looking for some good Christian artists to work with.
Studio recorded music in this drop box, all genres but Country.
First, I want to compile a couple of albums of already existing music that artists want highlighted. Then, I'd like to create some original music with some of the artists I find. Please submit your best track(s) for consideration.
- Robin Blesch / WPMG ENT Ltd, WPMG Music & WPFG Studios
Deal Type: Compilation Project
Seeking R&B,Rap,Hip-Hop,Pop Music for Compilation Project
Payout: $100K+
M.I.A. ENTERTAINMENT GROUP IS AN OFFICIAL PARTNER:
International Sony Distributer and direct to NETFLIX through M.I.A. Entertainment Group/EDMG: Executive Decision Media Group/Orchard/Sony Music is positioned to be a leading world-wide distributor qualitative media content, film, music and TV programming. We are currently seeking artists, labels, independent films, and production companies seeking media distributions.
M.I.A. Entertainment Group is seeking R&B, Rap, Hip-Hip, Pop, Classical, Jazz, music for compilation project.
There will be more post with different genre types if you're an artist with different genres of music.
Time to WORK!!!!
- Minelva "Mimie" Acosta - CEO - M.I.A. Entertainment Group
Compensation: $100K+


Damaged Stencil Series. 18 x 24 inches. Offsets on cream paper. Signed by Shepard Fairey. Numbered edition of 400. SOLD OUT. Sold ONLY as a set. Available Tuesday, December 12 on ObeyGiant.com in Store under Prints. Limit 1 set per person/household.


Please note the below step will be required only if you have opted for "option 2" from the ELF process guide.
Below steps will zero out the remunerations that are projected on the reporting side for any refunded items.
Maintain > Tariff Plan > Reconcile Revenue > Search by IMEI, Mobile Number or Invoice Number.
Zero out any remuneration in Expected Amount and Received Amount.


Our first competition of our celebratory year has seen the winner announced on facebook.
Sally Hann is now wondering which 9 friends or family members to invite down to London to play in our fun fun fun Goofy Games activity. Our friends at Zorbit are sure to offer a warm welcome and will ensure that Sally's party have the best time.
Sweeper - a take of the total wipe out game. Who can last the longest?
Knock your Block Off - choose a partner, stand opposite and see who can knock the head off first! Hugely addictive. A great chance to get your own back on a mate!
Horse Racing Game - horse racing but not as you know it.
Big Red Balls - Run across the 4 big red balls! Crazy Hard!
Punching wall - Can you make it across without being punched off?
Gladiator Jousting - gives all your guests the opportunity to get rid of all that pent-up energy in a way that is safe and fun!
Bungee Run - a classic but highly entertaining!
Wakka tube - a quick reaction game. Are you the quickest?
Dash and Grab - it's a 6 player game and a take on hungry hippos!
It's our 20th birthday this year and so we're feeling in generous mood and instead of just 19 runners up prizes we gave a £50 off voucher to everyone who entered.
Sally, we hope you have the most amazing time and take lots of pics for us to see!


We've been reading Advent devotions based on the Jesse Tree this year. Last night, we read about Jacob's Ladder. To be honest, this event in Jacob's life never really made any sense to me, especially in how it applies to me… until last night.
Our devotion pointed out, that we can try and try to get to God through our actions, our service, whatever, but we fail time after time. We try to climb the ladder of 'success', of perfectionism, of 'being perfect'. But the reality is… We can't and we don't have to climb up to God, because He came down to us and saved us!
And then He waits for us to "awake from our sleep" and realize that He has been here all along, working out the details of our lives. We haven't understood, why things happen, but God has the master plan all together for our lives and only in retrospect do we see His Hand of Grace and Mercy working. Praise the Lord!


text:
Wincentyna Karska z domu Koskowska (ur. 1865, zm. 1957) – polska ziemianka, ostatnia właścicielka majątku Chrzęsne, w gminie Tłuszcz, w powiecie wołomińskim.

Życiorys
Wywodziła się z rodu Koskowskich, miała cztery siostry – pianistkę Ewę, żonę artysty Miłosza Kotarbińskiego, Stanisławę, żonę Juliana Maszyńskiego, Marię Miłobędzką oraz Bronisławę, żonę matematyka Tytusa Babczyńskiego.

Była żoną Zygmunta Karskiego Seniora, domniemanego syna cara Aleksandra II, który pieczętował się herbem Jastrzębiec. Z Zygmuntem miała dwoje dzieci – Gabrielę Dobiecką i Zygmunta "Dzidziusia" Karskiego – poetę i adwokata.

W swoim dworku w Chrzęsnem gościła przedstawicieli sztuki, w tym Władysława Podkowińskiego. Podczas II wojny światowej udzielała schronienia oficerom AK, w tym Edwardowi Nowickiemu ps. "Tyczka". Po wojnie władze komunistyczne skonfiskowały jej majątek.

Zmarła w wieku 92 lat, w 1957 r., i została pochowana na Cmentarzu parafialnym w Postoliskach, w grobowcu rodzinnym Koskowskich.

W Chrzęsnem główna ulica nosi jej imię.

Bibliografia
 Lista wybitnych postaci związanych z Tłuszczem, na str. Tluszcz.pl (stan na 22.05.2013)
 Artykuł Marcina Ołdaka – Syn cara w Chrzęsnem? (opublikowano 19.08.2011)

Urodzeni w 1865
Zmarli w 1957
Polscy ziemianie


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Cleco raises quarterly dividend and increases target range for dividend payout ratio
Shareholders to receive 10 percent increase in dividend payments
PINEVILLE, La. - Cleco Corporation (NYSE: CNL) today announced that its board of directors voted to raise the quarterly dividend to $0.40 per share from $0.3625 per share on its common stock for the May 15, 2014 payment. The new dividend amount on an annualized basis totals $1.60 per share.
Cleco also announced that it will now target a dividend payout ratio of 55 to 65 percent. This represents a 5 percent increase from its previous target ratio of 50 to 60 percent.
"This dividend increase marks the fifth time in the past three years that we have raised dividends for our shareholders and reflects the financial strength of our company," said Bruce Williamson, Cleco Corporation's president and CEO. "The new dividend amount puts us at a payout ratio of approximately 59 percent based on the midpoint of our current year's earnings guidance. Increasing the target range will allow us to grow our dividend in a manner that is consistent with earnings growth."
Cleco has paid dividends to its shareholders since 1935. Below is a summary of the dividend payment, as declared by the board of directors:
Class of Stock
Payment Date
The company has a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) which allows dividends on its common stock to be reinvested in additional shares of common stock at market price. Under the DRIP, there are no administrative fees to purchase stock and reinvest dividends.


FEARON, Austin (Sutton and late of Wiggins Teape) – March 11, 2018, peacefully at Beaumont Hospital, beloved husband of Liz and much loved father of Peter, David, Conor and Gavin, much cherished grandfather of Jamie, Hannah, Sophie, Sam, Alex, Charlie, Leah, Luke, Rachel, Sarah, Matthew and Jake; sadly missed by his brothers Pat and Jack, daughters-in-law, sisters-in-law, extended family and his many friends. Reposing at his home tomorrow (Wednesday) evening from 5 o'clock until 8 o'clock – all welcome. Funeral Mass on Thursday morning at 11.30 o'clock in St. Fintan's Church, Sutton followed by Burial at Glasnevin Cemetery. Family flowers only please. "May he Rest in Peace".