text:
Insurance Act, 1936
INSURANCE ACT, 1936.
Preliminary and General
Short title and citation.
Commencement of this Act.
Definitions.
Expenses.
Regulations.
Restriction on operation of this Act.
Assurance Licences
Prohibition of unlicensed assurance business.
Prohibition of insuring with unlicensed insurer.
Transactions deemed to be assurance business in Saorstát Eireann.
Applications for assurance licences.
Grant of assurance licences.
Special provisions in relation to certain foreign companies.
Special provisions in relation to syndicates.
Restrictions on grant of assurance licences.
Appeal against refusal of application for assurance licence.
Form, etc., of assurance licence.
Transfer of assurance licences.
Forfeiture of assurance licence.
Revocation, etc., of assurance licences.
Register of licences.
Obligation of assurance companies to deposit moneys with Accountant of Courts of Justice.
Obligation of the Committee of Lloyd's to make deposits.
Transfer of existing deposits under the Act of 1909.
Payment of judgement debts out of deposits.
Release of deposits.
Release of deposits made by the Committee of Lloyd's.
Amalgamation and Transfer of Certain Assurance Businesses
Submission to Minister of scheme for amalgamation of assurance companies.
Investigation of amalgamation scheme by the Minister.
Approval of scheme by the Minister.
Confirmation and sanction of amalgamation scheme by the High Court.
Effect of confirmation and sanction of amalgamation scheme.
Rights of amalgamated company for purposes of Part II.
Restriction on application of section 13 of the Act of 1909.
Restriction on issue of share capital by an amalgamated company.
Underwriting of and subscription for shares of amalgamated companies by Minister for Finance.
Issue of moneys from the Central Fund.
Disposal of dividends, etc., received by the Minister for Finance.
Exercise by the Minister for Finance of powers of shareholder.
Power of Minister for Finance to hold and sell shares.
Consultation by Minister for Finance with Minister.
Alteration of memorandum and articles of association of amalgamated company.
Obligation of amalgamated company to furnish balance sheets, etc.
Winding up and Inspection of Insolvent Assurance Companies
Definition of insolvency.
Power of Minister to petition for winding up of assurance company.
Powers in cases of assurance companies of doubtful solvency.
Evidence of inability to pay debts.
PART V
Industrial Assurance Business
Definitions in this Part.
Application of this Part of this Act in certain cases.
Additional purposes for which industrial assurance policies may be issued.
Assurances on lives of children under the age of ten years.
Validation of certain policies.
Prohibition of issue of illegal policies.
Application of Act of 1909 to industrial assurance.
Industrial assurance valuations.
Rejection of valuation by Minister.
Requisition of additional particulars by the Minister.
Time for making first industrial assurance valuation.
Time for deposit of valuation by certain companies.
General meetings of industrial assurance companies.
Contents of proposals for industrial assurance policies.
Contents of industrial assurance policies.
Industrial assurance proposals and policies.
Admission of age of life assured.
Return of policies, etc., after inspection.
Forfeiture or non-payment of premium.
Rights of holder of policy forfeited for non-payment of premium.
Assured persons transferring from one company to another company.
Payment of claims.
Value of industrial assurance policies.
Saving for certain policies issued before 3rd December, 1909.
Decision of disputes between industrial assurance companies and others.
Disputes as to continuance of assured life.
Certain restrictions in relation to collectors.
Restriction on employment of persons to procure new business.
Service or notices.
PART VI
The Re-Insurance Company of Ireland, Limited
Formation and registration of Re-Insurance Company of Ireland, Limited.
Loan to the Company to pay expenses of formation.
Issue of share capital of the Company.
Underwriting by the Minister for Finance of issue of shares.
Charge of moneys on the Central Fund.
Payment of dividends, etc., into the Exchequer.
Powers of the Minister for Finance as shareholder.
Powers of Minister for Finance in respect of shares held by him.
Alteration of memorandum and articles of association of the Company.
Obligation of the Company to furnish balance sheets, etc.
Inspection by Minister of books, etc., of the Company.
Statistics and returns to be made by the Company.
Obligation to re-insure with the Company.
State guarantee of re-insurance contracts.
PART VII
Extension of bond investment business.
Prohibition of borrowing on security of assurance fund.
Place of payment of sum assured.
Issue of policies etc., in Saorstát Eireann.
Amendment of Fifth Schedule to Act of 1909.
Alteration of Schedules to Act of 1909 and this Act.
Returns, etc., by foreign companies.
Returns by assurance companies of re-insurance business.
Accounts, etc., to be furnished by syndicate.
Additional contents of revenue account.
Additional contents of balance sheet.
Additional statement to be furnished by certain foreign companies.
Additional statement in respect of mechanically propelled vehicle insurance business.
Application of Act of 1909 to certain classes of assurance business.
Application of moneys received by assurance companies.
Re-insurance (prohibition) order.
Rates of premiums order.
Issue of policies in the Irish language.
Contravention, etc., of Act by assurance company or syndicate.
Time limit for prosecution of offences.
Conditions Affecting Amalgamated Companies Under Part III of this Act.
Additional Particulars of Industrial Assurance Valuations.
Rules for Ascertaining the Amount of a Free Paid-up Policy and the Cash Surrender Value of any Policy of Industrial Assurance.
Limitations on Rights on Forfeiture for Non-payment of Premium.
FIFTH SCHEDULE.
Conditions to which the Company is to Conform.
SIXTH SCHEDULE.
Form applicable to mechanically propelled vehicle insurance business.
Adaptation of Enactments Act, 1922
Local Authorities (Mutual Assurance) Act, 1926
Road Traffic Act, 1933
AN ACT TO MAKE FURTHER AND BETTER PROVISION IN RELATION TO ASSURANCE BUSINESS AND PERSONS CARRYING ON THAT BUSINESS OR ANY BRANCH THEREOF, TO MAKE PROVISION FOR THE FORMATION AND REGISTRATION OF A COMPANY HAVING FOR ITS PRINCIPAL OBJECT THE RE-INSURANCE OF INSURANCE BUSINESS, AND TO MAKE PROVISION FOR OTHER MATTERS CONNECTED WITH THE MATTERS AFORESAID. [14th August, 1936.]
BE IT ENACTED BY THE OIREACHTAS OF SAORSTÁT EIREANN AS FOLLOWS:—


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text:
namespace physx
{

void enable3WMode(const PxU32 rightDirection, const PxU32 upDirection, const bool removeFrontWheel, PxVehicleWheelsSimData& wheelsSimData, PxVehicleWheelsDynData& wheelsDynData, PxVehicleDriveSimData4W& driveSimData);

void computeDirection(PxU32& rightDirection, PxU32& upDirection);

void PxVehicle4WEnable3WTadpoleMode(PxVehicleWheelsSimData& wheelsSimData, PxVehicleWheelsDynData& wheelsDynData, PxVehicleDriveSimData4W& driveSimData)
{
	PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN
		(!wheelsSimData.getIsWheelDisabled(PxVehicleDrive4WWheelOrder::eFRONT_LEFT) &&
		 !wheelsSimData.getIsWheelDisabled(PxVehicleDrive4WWheelOrder::eFRONT_RIGHT) &&
		 !wheelsSimData.getIsWheelDisabled(PxVehicleDrive4WWheelOrder::eREAR_LEFT) &&
		 !wheelsSimData.getIsWheelDisabled(PxVehicleDrive4WWheelOrder::eREAR_RIGHT), "PxVehicle4WEnable3WTadpoleMode requires no wheels to be disabled");

	PxU32 rightDirection=0xffffffff;
	PxU32 upDirection=0xffffffff;
	computeDirection(rightDirection, upDirection);
	PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN(rightDirection<3 && upDirection<3, "PxVehicle4WEnable3WTadpoleMode requires the vectors set in PxVehicleSetBasisVectors to be axis-aligned");

	enable3WMode(rightDirection, upDirection, false, wheelsSimData, wheelsDynData, driveSimData);
}

void PxVehicle4WEnable3WDeltaMode(PxVehicleWheelsSimData& wheelsSimData, PxVehicleWheelsDynData& wheelsDynData, PxVehicleDriveSimData4W& driveSimData)
{
	PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN
		(!wheelsSimData.getIsWheelDisabled(PxVehicleDrive4WWheelOrder::eFRONT_LEFT) &&
		!wheelsSimData.getIsWheelDisabled(PxVehicleDrive4WWheelOrder::eFRONT_RIGHT) &&
		!wheelsSimData.getIsWheelDisabled(PxVehicleDrive4WWheelOrder::eREAR_LEFT) &&
		!wheelsSimData.getIsWheelDisabled(PxVehicleDrive4WWheelOrder::eREAR_RIGHT), "PxVehicle4WEnable3WDeltaMode requires no wheels to be disabled");

	PxU32 rightDirection=0xffffffff;
	PxU32 upDirection=0xffffffff;
	computeDirection(rightDirection, upDirection);
	PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN(rightDirection<3 && upDirection<3, "PxVehicle4WEnable3WTadpoleMode requires the vectors set in PxVehicleSetBasisVectors to be axis-aligned");

	enable3WMode(rightDirection, upDirection, true, wheelsSimData, wheelsDynData, driveSimData);
}

void computeSprungMasses(const PxU32 numSprungMasses, const PxVec3* sprungMassCoordinates, const PxVec3& centreOfMass, const PxReal totalMass, const PxU32 gravityDirection, PxReal* sprungMasses);

void PxVehicleComputeSprungMasses(const PxU32 numSprungMasses, const PxVec3* sprungMassCoordinates, const PxVec3& centreOfMass, const PxReal totalMass, const PxU32 gravityDirection, PxReal* sprungMasses)
{
	computeSprungMasses(numSprungMasses, sprungMassCoordinates, centreOfMass, totalMass, gravityDirection, sprungMasses);
}

void PxVehicleCopyDynamicsData(const PxVehicleCopyDynamicsMap& wheelMap, const PxVehicleWheels& src, PxVehicleWheels* trg)
{
	PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN(trg, "PxVehicleCopyDynamicsData requires that trg is a valid vehicle pointer");

	PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN(src.getVehicleType() == trg->getVehicleType(), "PxVehicleCopyDynamicsData requires that both src and trg are the same type of vehicle");

#ifdef PX_CHECKED
	{
		const PxU32 numWheelsSrc = src.mWheelsSimData.getNbWheels();
		const PxU32 numWheelsTrg = trg->mWheelsSimData.getNbWheels();
		PxU8 copiedWheelsSrc[PX_MAX_NB_WHEELS];
		PxMemZero(copiedWheelsSrc, sizeof(PxU8) * PX_MAX_NB_WHEELS);
		PxU8 setWheelsTrg[PX_MAX_NB_WHEELS];
		PxMemZero(setWheelsTrg, sizeof(PxU8) * PX_MAX_NB_WHEELS);
		for(PxU32 i = 0; i < PxMin(numWheelsSrc, numWheelsTrg); i++)
		{
			const PxU32 srcWheelId = wheelMap.sourceWheelIds[i];
			PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN(srcWheelId < numWheelsSrc, "PxVehicleCopyDynamicsData - wheelMap contains illegal source wheel id");
			PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN(0 == copiedWheelsSrc[srcWheelId], "PxVehicleCopyDynamicsData - wheelMap contains illegal source wheel id");
			copiedWheelsSrc[srcWheelId] = 1;

			const PxU32 trgWheelId = wheelMap.targetWheelIds[i];
			PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN(trgWheelId < numWheelsTrg, "PxVehicleCopyDynamicsData - wheelMap contains illegal target wheel id");
			PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN(0 == setWheelsTrg[trgWheelId], "PxVehicleCopyDynamicsData - wheelMap contains illegal target wheel id");
			setWheelsTrg[trgWheelId]=1;
		}
	}
#endif

	const PxU32 numWheelsSrc = src.mWheelsSimData.getNbWheels();
	const PxU32 numWheelsTrg = trg->mWheelsSimData.getNbWheels();

	//Set all dynamics data on the target to zero.
	//Be aware that setToRestState sets the rigid body to
	//rest so set the momentum back after calling setToRestState.
	PxRigidDynamic* actorTrg = trg->getRigidDynamicActor();
	PxVec3 linVel = actorTrg->getLinearVelocity();
	PxVec3 angVel = actorTrg->getAngularVelocity();
	switch(src.getVehicleType())
	{
	case PxVehicleTypes::eDRIVE4W:
		((PxVehicleDrive4W*)trg)->setToRestState();
		break;
	case PxVehicleTypes::eDRIVENW:
		((PxVehicleDriveNW*)trg)->setToRestState();
		break;
	case PxVehicleTypes::eDRIVETANK:
		((PxVehicleDriveTank*)trg)->setToRestState();
		break;
	case PxVehicleTypes::eNODRIVE:
		((PxVehicleNoDrive*)trg)->setToRestState();
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	actorTrg->setLinearVelocity(linVel);
	actorTrg->setAngularVelocity(angVel);

	//Keep a track of the wheels on trg that have their dynamics data set as a copy from src.
	PxU8 setWheelsTrg[PX_MAX_NB_WHEELS];
	PxMemZero(setWheelsTrg, sizeof(PxU8) * PX_MAX_NB_WHEELS);

	//Keep a track of the average wheel rotation speed of all enabled wheels on src.
	PxU32 numEnabledWheelsSrc = 0;
	PxF32 accumulatedWheelRotationSpeedSrc = 0.0f;

	//Copy wheel dynamics data from src wheels to trg wheels.
	//Track the target wheels that have been given dynamics data from src wheels.
	//Compute the accumulated wheel rotation speed of all enabled src wheels.
	const PxU32 numMappedWheels = PxMin(numWheelsSrc, numWheelsTrg);
	for(PxU32 i = 0; i < numMappedWheels; i++)
	{
		const PxU32 srcWheelId = wheelMap.sourceWheelIds[i];
		const PxU32 trgWheelId = wheelMap.targetWheelIds[i];

		trg->mWheelsDynData.copy(src.mWheelsDynData, srcWheelId, trgWheelId);

		setWheelsTrg[trgWheelId] = 1;

		if(!src.mWheelsSimData.getIsWheelDisabled(srcWheelId))
		{
			numEnabledWheelsSrc++;
			accumulatedWheelRotationSpeedSrc += src.mWheelsDynData.getWheelRotationSpeed(srcWheelId);
		}
	}

	//Compute the average wheel rotation speed of src.
	PxF32 averageWheelRotationSpeedSrc = 0;
	if(numEnabledWheelsSrc > 0)
	{
		averageWheelRotationSpeedSrc = (accumulatedWheelRotationSpeedSrc/ (1.0f * numEnabledWheelsSrc));
	}

	//For wheels on trg that have not had their dynamics data copied from src just set
	//their wheel rotation speed to the average wheel rotation speed.
	for(PxU32 i = 0; i < numWheelsTrg; i++)
	{
		if(0 == setWheelsTrg[i] && !trg->mWheelsSimData.getIsWheelDisabled(i))
		{
			trg->mWheelsDynData.setWheelRotationSpeed(i, averageWheelRotationSpeedSrc);
		}
	}

	//Copy the engine rotation speed/gear states/autobox states/etc.
	switch(src.getVehicleType())
	{
	case PxVehicleTypes::eDRIVE4W:
	case PxVehicleTypes::eDRIVENW:
	case PxVehicleTypes::eDRIVETANK:
		{
			const PxVehicleDriveDynData& driveDynDataSrc = ((const PxVehicleDrive&)src).mDriveDynData;
			PxVehicleDriveDynData* driveDynDataTrg = &((PxVehicleDrive*)trg)->mDriveDynData;
			*driveDynDataTrg = driveDynDataSrc;
		}
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
}

bool areEqual(const PxQuat& q0, const PxQuat& q1)
{
	return ((q0.x == q1.x) && (q0.y == q1.y) && (q0.z == q1.z) && (q0.w == q1.w));
}

void PxVehicleUpdateCMassLocalPose(const PxTransform& oldCMassLocalPose, const PxTransform& newCMassLocalPose, const PxU32 gravityDirection, PxVehicleWheels* vehicle)
{
	PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN(areEqual(PxQuat::createIdentity(), oldCMassLocalPose.q), "Only center of mass poses with identity rotation are supported");
	PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN(areEqual(PxQuat::createIdentity(), newCMassLocalPose.q), "Only center of mass poses with identity rotation are supported");
	PX_CHECK_AND_RETURN(0==gravityDirection || 1==gravityDirection || 2==gravityDirection, "gravityDirection must be 0 or 1 or 2.");

	//Update the offsets from the rigid body center of mass.
	PxVec3 wheelCenterCMOffsets[PX_MAX_NB_WHEELS];
	const PxU32 nbWheels = vehicle->mWheelsSimData.getNbWheels();
	for(PxU32 i = 0; i < nbWheels; i++)
	{
		wheelCenterCMOffsets[i] = vehicle->mWheelsSimData.getWheelCentreOffset(i) + oldCMassLocalPose.p - newCMassLocalPose.p;
		vehicle->mWheelsSimData.setWheelCentreOffset(i, vehicle->mWheelsSimData.getWheelCentreOffset(i) + oldCMassLocalPose.p - newCMassLocalPose.p);
		vehicle->mWheelsSimData.setSuspForceAppPointOffset(i, vehicle->mWheelsSimData.getSuspForceAppPointOffset(i) + oldCMassLocalPose.p - newCMassLocalPose.p);
		vehicle->mWheelsSimData.setTireForceAppPointOffset(i, vehicle->mWheelsSimData.getTireForceAppPointOffset(i) + oldCMassLocalPose.p - newCMassLocalPose.p);
	}

	//Now update the sprung masses.
	PxF32 sprungMasses[PX_MAX_NB_WHEELS];
	PxVehicleComputeSprungMasses(nbWheels, wheelCenterCMOffsets, PxVec3(0,0,0), vehicle->getRigidDynamicActor()->getMass(), gravityDirection, sprungMasses);
	for(PxU32 i = 0; i < nbWheels; i++)
	{
		PxVehicleSuspensionData suspData = vehicle->mWheelsSimData.getSuspensionData(i);
		const PxF32 massRatio = sprungMasses[i]/suspData.mSprungMass;
		suspData.mSprungMass = sprungMasses[i];
		suspData.mSpringStrength *= massRatio;
		suspData.mSpringDamperRate *= massRatio;
		vehicle->mWheelsSimData.setSuspensionData(i, suspData);
	}
}

}//physx

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Capital Punishment in Early America to Modern Times.
According to Nobel Prize winner Albert Camus, 'Capital Punishment is the most premeditated of murders' (From Reflections on the Guillotine, 1957). Many people both in the US and around the world have debated for and against this idea of the effectiveness of Capital Punishment.
In the United States, capital punishment has been a form of justice since the country's beginnings. It was used as a form of punishment in the early stages of the nation's development, in the colonies that predated unified states and into many of the new territories as America expanded its domain. During these times, when the government was still in its early stages of development and the law was more difficult to enforce, many believed that the death penalty was a fair and effective way of not only punishing individuals for certain crimes, but the executions also served as warnings to deter potential future criminals from committing similar acts.
In American society today, however, there has been heated debate as to whether or not the death penalty is still effective or necessary in the modern world. Some states have banned the practice altogether, while others have been attempting to make capital punishment the standard punishment for a wider range of offenses.
We need to get rid of it - no country should have the right to take another life.
Advocates of the practice argue that the threat of potential execution deters criminals from committing crimes as much today as it did in the country's beginnings. Its usefulness can most often and efficiently be seen throughout the process of criminal trials; when defendants are threatened with the prospect of execution, prosecutors are more likely to be able to bargain with the suspected criminal for more information, such as the names of other perpetrators involved in the crime, in exchange for a waiver of the death penalty as a punishment. This practice is most commonly known as a plea bargain, and it is usually regarded as being a fair and effective way to obtain information.
Proponents of capital punishment also note that the practice will help to lower crime rates and ensure the safety of the general public, since it would be guaranteed that these criminals would not offend again.
In the US, public opinion seems to reflect that the American people are not content to let convicted fellons receive food, shelter, and other amenities while in prison. This is more prevalent in cases where the crime committed is especially heinous, such as those committed by Charles Manson. Many people believe that criminals should not be supported by the taxpayers, and should not live relatively comfortable lives on government money; rather, that the criminals should be executed to save the government time and money.
Many opponents of capital punishment debate whether or not a government has the ethical or logical right to take a human life. Many believe that this practice does not deter criminals from committing crimes, but it compromises the integrity of the government by allowing it the power to take human life. Currently, America still has on average five times as many murders per person in the population as does Great Britain, a country which does not use the death penalty as a form of punishment. Political analysts also argue that the death penalty is actually a form of 'cruel and unusual punishment,' and violates the 8th Amendment to the US Constitution, which prohibits just such actions.
One of the most prevalent arguments against the death penalty is the idea that an innocent person may be wrongfully executed, and that this would be the greatest miscarriage of justice since there would be no way for the government to remedy the situation.
There are many cases of people who were on death row who were later exonerated of their crimes due to DNA testing, new evidence, and witnesses or accomplices coming forward to set the record straight. Organizations like The Innocence Project work tirelessly to help free people who are on death row for crimes they did not commit.
Another compelling argument is the idea that all forms of government execution are very painful. The electric chair is one of the more gruesome execution methods, since the practice consists of sending electricity into a person's body until they die, which could take mere seconds or agonizing minutes. It has been known throughout history to malfunction on occasion, and leave the prisoner in a half-dead state of agony.
Lethal injection, which is usually considered the most humane method of execution, is a series of shots into a person's bloodstream that initially paralyze then euthanize the sentenced individual. The first injection renders the convict unconscious, the second paralyzes the nervous system, and the third is an injection of potassium chloride which stops the heart. Many people argue that there can be no 'humane' method of execution, since all methods, including lethal injection, could inflict serious pain on the individual, particularly if done wrong.
Globally, the U.S. is one of the only five industrialized nations to still use the death penalty as a criminal punishment, with an almost equal rate of executions as the other nations, Singapore, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea. Many other nations, particularly those in Europe, abolished the death penalty as a method of punishment as early as the mid-20th century.
Capital punishment in the US is almost exclusively used in cases of murder. The utilization of this penalty varies from state to state, but as of 2010, 37 states still carry the death penalty for certain crimes. Although the most common method of execution is lethal injection; however, some states still use methods such as the electric chair, the most recent use of which took place in Virginia in 2009.
The debate rages on, but currently the United States Government has expressed that it wishes to continue to allow states the right to decide on the various aspects of capital punishment, such as the method of execution and the degree of the crime. Many view this as inhumane, while others argue that it is a fair exchange of a life for a life.
For more information, review your local or state policies on Capital Punishment or go to the Death Penalty Information Center. If you yourself would like to weigh in on the topic, contact your local representative in Congress.
Your hub is fascinating (as are they all) for me, for two reasons.
The first is this: for a long time Government granted itself power through the ability to say what "shall not be." Its ultimate ability to dole out death. "What shall not be," is not so different from "Whom shall not be." Thus, this meant that to maintain the means of power they must take control over its ends, i.e. presenting punishment in the form of death for the sustainment of life. If one acted against Governmental power, (deathly powers, which were seen as its life- its raison d'être) than one was essentially attempting to attack life itself, justifying corporal punishment.
Secondly, and consequently, most modern governments dropped the old dogma of death-dealing as power (at least at the level of rhetoric), because it is not palatable for politics any longer (at least in certain societies). Hence, they replaced rhetorics of death with the giving(s) of life. Granting gifts against injury and harm, as they've always claimed to. I know this perspective is not popular, and wasn't mentioned in your hub, but because Government fears the repression of its own powers, a revolution of will over life, it seeks to grant powers to itself, powers that continue to control lives, through deeds of death.
Therefore, and in conclusion (can it be?) the first argument, that of doling out death as a means of power-attainment, is ideologically dying; instead, Governments attempt to take equal spheres-of-power by taking control of life (and to me, this demarcation line is difficult to determine). The United States is a special case, because the rhetoric of sexual, and social repression, is summarily overturned, yet fine-tuned towards prisons, and the powers of order-protection- gift granting.
Death lurks in the rhetoric of life.
Well said sir, I couldn't agree more.
Well done. You don't stop killing by killing. It's elementary.
Great Hub on this issue, especially the way you address the innocent executed people. It's a horrible way of punishing people, even the guilty ones.
One could argue about death penalty when you could safe many lives, but since evil is already done, it seems a useless method that more or less fits a primitive society. Voted up!
I am on the conservative side and to me, there is nothing more conservative than valuing life and the pursuit of happiness for all.
I do not advocate the death penalty, nor do I advocate abortion. I think that is pretty consistent with respecting life, otherwise people are just walking in line with what their political party tells them. I agree that the death penalty does not deter crimes because in my opinion, jail is a worse option than dying.
The main problem with the penal system today is that it is a private enterprise and the job of a private enterprise is to make money, whereas the prime objective of a prison should be to rehabilitate those that can be rehabilitated or separate those who cannot be rehabilitated from society. The number of prisoners in this country (US) is alarming and should be number one statistic when trying to pinpoint our ills. The lower the crime rate in an area/region/country, the better the quality of life is, which should be our main goal.
To say that the Death Penalty is not a deterrent is only an opinion. Certainly some will not murder, if they know they will pay the ultimate price. You can never count these. They don't come forward to be counted. Others, the insane ones, won't be deterred. Even when they are behind bars.
A life sentence is not cheaper, unless one feels life is cheap. The murderer still commits murders behind bars. Correctional Officers are killed rather regularly by convicted murderers. Their lives are not forfeit to comfort your conscience.
Certainly it is better to let ten guilty men go free, than it is to kill (not murder) a murderer, but when the evidence is overwhelming? It is better to erase a murderer, until we have the technology to reach into their brains or manipulate their DNA and heal them, rather than to allow one murderer the chance to murder one Correctional Officer - or even another prison inmate.
The Death Penalty is not a crime deterrent, and with all the legal appeals necessary to get it done, it is very expensive and non productive.
Even a life sentence is cheaper, and more effective.
Criminals must not think of the consequences, they must think of the gain from the crime.
I agree that the chance of an innocent person being put to death is something that needs protection. The circumstantial evidence used to convict people today has brought more than a few innocent people to be incarcerated or put ot death.
The criminal justice system and prisons need to be reformed to be more effective. In California, the jails and prisons are overcrowded and the courts are forcing prisoners to be released early to reduce the over crowding.
When you begin with a quote from Camus, I know that I am going to like your essay. I've written on this subject several times myself. We don't have to only change the law, we have to change people from revenge to compassion and mercy. It pains me to live in a country where so many people lack compassion.
Thank you AE! Yes I figured that picture might have an effect on people - throughout the US history many minorities were held accountable for crimes they didn't commit - it's a very sad part in our history. I'm so glad you enjoyed it, and thank you for your feedback.
The first picture of the young black man being strapped in the electric chair by four white men made me angry. I do not believe in the death penalty. I believe it is murder in the first degree. I am fully aware that evil exists and men and women commit murder. I know there must be a way to get these people away from harming others. Mental illness is at the root of many acts. They are shutting down meatal institutions far and wide, instead of building more. I enjoyed reading your hub. Thank you for the follow. Happy to follow you..
I agree, the threat of the death penalty no longer appears to be a deterrent at all, and it's terrifying to think how many of those on death row might be innocent. Thank you for reading, and for your comment!
Very interesting article and something we should all be aware of. Probably the deterrent effect and the punishment side is outweighed by the extreme finality of a judgment that is not infallible.


text:
Don't do it, Mashaba
Property developers warn Joburg mayor Herman Mashaba against his expropriation plans for hijacked buildings
Farren Collins
Property developers in Johannesburg believe the city's management is flogging a dead horse in its plans to expropriate buildings that have been neglected, abandoned and unlawfully occupied.
They hit out at city mayor Herman Mashaba's plans to take ownership of close to 300 "hijacked" buildings that would be redeveloped into quality low-cost housing, student accommodation and affordable rental space for small businesses.
This was despite Mashaba's intentions to outsource all of the redevelopment of derelict buildings to the private sector.The CEO of commercial financiers The Urban Housing Finance (Tuhf), Paul Jackson, said expropriation was not a new solution to the inner city's problems and that it would be another failed repeat of previous interventions.
"The City of Johannesburg has attempted to solve this problem for more than 15 years," Jackson said.
"Firstly under the 'Bad Buildings' programme, then the 'Better Buildings Programme', the 'Inner City Property Scheme' and later the 'Revised Inner City Property Scheme'."
"We do not see expropriation without compensation as a viable solution as this will undermine the value of property for everybody and, if we learn from history, it is highly unlikely that expropriation in itself is the silver bullet [the] city is looking for it to be."
Jackson said in order to provide decent and affordable housing at scale to those most in need, the city would reap "far better results" by looking at other options.
"Those buildings [should be] put up for fair value sale," said Jackson.
"The execution of the debt coupled with finance to enable necessary refurbishment will be a powerful combination, where the public sector takes responsibility for urban management and the private sector provides funding for regeneration."
But Mashaba had different ideas and told Times Select that the ownership of expropriated buildings would remain with the municipality "subject to long-lease agreements made with developers who would be able to receive income from the development".
But the director of architecture and urban design firm Local Studios, Thomas Chapman, said there was no way the private sector would get into a deal without seeing a return on their investment.
"One way to do it is for the private sector to be responsible for the redevelopment and for the city to guarantee the rental [costs]," said Chapman.
Many of the buildings the city had earmarked for expropriation had outstanding rates and services fees. Among the avenues the city planned to use to take ownership of the buildings are court applications to seek attachment of debt orders."Owners can sign an acknowledgement of debt which will stipulate a payment arrangement for the old debt, while they commit to pay for current consumption," said Mashaba.
"Where the property owner is unwilling to sign an acknowledgement of debt or sign an abandonment agreement, the city is also able to bring an application to court.
"The alternative option for the city in such instances is to commence expropriation proceedings in order to take over ownership of the building."
Attorney Greg Vermaak, who represents a number of owners of inner-city buildings that were at risk of being expropriated, said that it would be better to leave buildings in the hands of business and use the rates thereon to uplift and house the poor.
"Where the owners are genuinely absent, or are slumlords, there may well be a case for expropriation, but obviously not without compensation," Vermaak said.
"The occupiers of one slum building would fill several buildings when compliant with the building regulations. This means that this is a very inefficient solution to the housing backlog, to say nothing of eroding the rates base. The better solution is for the state to start building sufficient volumes of RDP or low-rental housing in relative proximity to the inner city."
Just say know! Groups rail against secrecy by-law
By Bongani Mthethwa
Meat industry blames media, minister and consumers for listeria hysteria

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There's something about a swooped hem and nipped in waist that makes a blazer so feminine. I am in love with this one from Smythe Les Vestes. The Canadian outerwear brand is renowned for their contemporary tailoring and attention to detail. The Riding Jacket ($595) has it all. The fit is so spectacular and it can be worn in so many different ways, dressing it up or down. I love it with a turtleneck, skinny jeans and a great boot. A twist on equestrian style, it's the perfect fall look.


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After many failed weekend afternoon/evening hunts, I finally got a goat! I never thought I would be successful out on the prairie. Especially since there has been a lot of rain here lately and the antelope can drink in many different locations.
Late this afternoon all the pieces came into place. I was able to keep a small hill between myself and this buck until I got in close, and had some good luck with the bucks movements from there.
I could barely drive back home I was so amped up.
This place is awesome! without you guys,and the information that you share I would have never been able to make this happen.
Re: It all pays off!
Wow! Taking a nice antelope on a sneaky stalk is pretty impressive. You should be very proud!
Awesome! Definitely an accomplishment to be proud of!! Congrats!!
Cool looking goat - you got any other pics from different angles?
Way to get it done, Clay!!!!


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text:
Chapter 7: Page 132
« First ‹ Previous ------ Jump To ------ Chapter 1: First Awakening Chapter 2: Reunions Chapter 3: Inner Child Chapter 4: To The Present Chapter 5: My New Friend Chapter 6: The Journey! #112 - Chapter 7: Page 112 #113 - Chapter 7: Page 113 #114 - Chapter 7: Page 114 #115 - Chapter 7: Page 115 #116 - Chapter 7: Page 116 #117 - Chapter 7: Page 117 #118 - Chapter 7: Page 118 #119 - Chapter 7: Page 119 #120 - Chapter 7: Page 120 #121 - Chapter 7: Page 121 #122 - Chapter 7: Page 122 #123 - Chapter 7: Page 123 #124 - Chapter 7: Page 124 #125 - Chapter 7: Page 125 #126 - Chapter 7: Page 126 #127 - Chapter 7: Page 127 #128 - Chapter 7: Page 128 #129 - Chapter 7: Page 129 #130 - Chapter 7: Page 130 #131 - Chapter 7: Page 131 #132 - Chapter 7: Page 132 Chapter 8: Stranded Chapter 9: Remembrance Filler Next › Newest »


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"I've spent a great deal of time studying at the repository about past lifeforms, I'll share a tad more with all of you. Study revealed that some of the planets made mankind's caveman look modern. This is because Father was in a trial and error stage of Michael's creations. When one species failed, and then another, and another, and so on, the learning curve of Father became a wide curve that revealed that the heart, which is inherent from our Creator, it is treacherous in its own ability to reason things. The heart is the treacherous part of any creation's makeup. Even Father's heart gives Her much pain. This is borne out by anger arising from within Her heart. Later, She often feels regret, but even so, Father is always Just in Her balancing the Scales of Justice. But She too also has inner feelings. Feelings of having regretted having to destroy Her creations, though thriving, they were doing so in contrast to Her Way. And just as Father does not want anyone to perish that has secondary sin, and with that She also feels that tinge of regret for having to destroy them, She must follow Her own laws to the letter. If She does not, then the Prime Example of Her Law is not an example at all.
Then came the decision to make mankind. Instead of following the old mold of direct creations, they would add something new to the new intelligent intellectual species. This time they would use the same technique of offspring that had been used for millions of years with the animal kingdom, except that instead of dying off for new births, the offspring could keep multiplying and live for eternity. In fact, they could populate the entire expanse. But this time, Father would give them everything that the heart possibly desired. A beautiful garden paradise that they could later expand earth wide with the help of their offspring, filled with every kind of nutritious food growing in abundance. More water than could ever possibly quench their thirst with. But if they sinned, they could be easily killed. This differed from past creations that were more powerful in their nature. And if any of humankind did sufferer an unnatural death, because death would indeed not be natural unless someone sinned willfully, then there would be an angelic Prince serving as a governor just as was the tradition of past planets, watching to see if they sinned against the Creator, and would serve over that species that could bring them to the Waters of Life and reconstitute that lost life. Under this arrangement there would be no wanting for anything. They would quite simply be endowed with everything that could possibly make them happy. And Father would place them on the lower rung of the ladder over the animal kingdom so that they could look after them, name them and enjoy them. They would know what death was because the animal kingdom would still experience the natural death that was part of their makeup, but who are the only souls that get recycled throughout eternity.
But Michael posed a question to his Mother: "But what if we give them everything and their hearts prove to be like past creations? How will we remedy that? Father's wisdom from past creations, and Her ability to have viewed other creations of the other God's of eternity led her to the conclusion, that a test must be performed. She told Michael that this time they would give a test, but they would keep it simple so as not to make it to hard for the first created pair. Well you all know what that test was. And Father also told Michael that if they successfully passed the test, then they could eat from a special tree, the tree of life. At that time it had no stipulation with it. One that now holds true. Anyone that sins throughout eternity will be destroyed. But back then that thought did not come into Father's or Michael's mind. And so, when Adam and Eve sinned' it became necessary to remove them from the presence of the Tree of Life, because if they were successful at eating from its fruit, they could not die at all. No, they would live for eternity. And so Father kicked them out of Her sacred garden to prevent that action from taking place. Then later at the flood, Michael told Father that since the Tree of Life itself could not be destroyed, that they must prevent any of mankind from ever partaking of its fruit for eternity. And since the Tree was under covenant to mankind only, it offered no benefit to the angels or any other species. So, when the flood occurred, Father made certain it was covered over by the vast watery deep of what we call the Atlantic Ocean. The garden itself became a wasteland, but the tree remains for eternity.
Now as we look back, we can see that Father gave mankind every opportunity to remain in Her family. There were no holy angels back then because there were no evil angels in existence. But Dawn Lucifer whom was appointed as the governing Prince over this planet, he thought mankind would sin on their own, but when they did not, he decided to move off Father's path and take mankind with him. He was banking that with so many past failures of creations by Michael that Father might not take immediate action, and Satan's past arguments to Father as the Dawn Lucifer went like this: Why not give free will morale agency to all of creation?. Your Way is not working and I personally don't believe it ever will. To ensure his theory was correct, Dawn took the first step as a deputy of Father's to cause the alternate path to be taken. And that is why the Word speaks of empty arguments. Dawn was the one that took empty arguments and worthless speeches to a new height. From that height he takes a future fall that will put him where all his past heroes have gone. To the Pit of Destruction. But hopefully, Father's Plan for mankind and the rest of creation will work out by the learning process experienced by more than 6000 years of generations of mankind under sin. Maybe they will all see the light and come to understand that sinful conduct is not the true Way. That's the Plan anyway. And it hold marvelous things for those that survive into Father's eternal bliss.
" The one who commits sin is of the Devil, for the Devil has sinned from the beginning. The Son of God was revealed for this purpose: to destroy the Devil's works." The key to this statement is the "beginning." You have which BEGINNING? That of other species over the millions of past years that had their own beginnings, or the beginning of mankind? It is of course mankind's beginning. That is where the Word begins its story about this particular creation in its starting history. So the Devil whom is Dawn Lucifer, he committed sin at the beginning of mankind's beginning. You know Satan did not sin at his own beginning, because he was placed over this planet as its Prince governor. But even though earlier species broke law and were destroyed, they did not have an outside source that spawned them on. It's kind of like Satan saying the Azmon's started the battle. He must be having a recall of his own prolific disposition But those other species had no one else to blame, and they were like Satan, a direct creation that were taught the laws of our Mother from their beginnings in creation.
This entry was posted in Adam and Eve, Archangel Michael, Christ Jesus, Creation, Laws, Mankind, Other Lifeforms, Satan / Dawn Lucifer, Yahweh and tagged Adam and Eve, Creation, Creations, Mankind, Other Lifeforms, The Universe. Bookmark the permalink.


A little over a year ago, my wife and I moved into our first house and began the long journey of home ownership. It was the perfect size, in the perfect neighborhood, and had more land than I had ever owned before---a whopping half-acre! The previous owner had kept the inside in decent shape, but the yard and property were in desperate need of help. I couldn't wait to start making improvements and turning over soil. The entire back property line was nothing but a thicket of Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) mixed with a few other plant species. While it was a nice privacy screen, it didn't have many other benefits. Shortly after moving into the home, the power company came through and took most of the privet down to the ground. It took several weeks, but eventually I finished what they started and removed all the privet and other invasive plant species from the area. A portion of this area was to be dedicated to growing vegetables and other edibles. This first growing season was big hit, and I was able to grow a successful crop of corn, beans, squash, and other tasty table fare. I selected other portions of the yard to be revegetated, using only plants native to the Southeast. Not only would this provide an attractive garden for my wife and I, but also create a useful habitat for all the wildlife species that call Birmingham home. The chance to turn over old ground or restore land is something that I absolutely love doing!
This year we area breaking ground again. Over the past twelve months, we have been brainstorming and planning, and are now proud to launch Cahaba Design Studio. This landscape architecture studio, while a relatively new concept for our company, has been rooted and growing for many years. Land, plants, and wildlife have been a passion of mine since childhood and I am excited to have this new platform to better serve our community. With this design-focused studio, our goal is to provide exceptional landscape architecture, land planning and ecological solutions to a wide range of clients.
In addition to design services and consulting, I also wanted a place to share, educate, and learn with people in our community. For this reason, we have added the "Journal" section of our website. Landscape architecture incorporates a lot of different subjects and disciplines. If you mix in a passion for wildlife and conservation, you've got quite a bit of ground to cover through a weekly post. This journal is a feeble attempt to do just that. In the process, we'll strive to connect the dots between people, plants, wildlife, and land. Hopefully you will find some of these posts to be informative, helpful, and maybe even entertaining!
Here's to a new year of breaking ground and growing good things!


text:
Q: Basic ES6 Javascript Plugin - reuse variable between functions I'm attempting to build a basic JS plugin that can be called after a click event to disable a button (to prevent users firing multiple API calls) and to give feedback that something is loading/happening. Here is how it looks:

This works great on an individual basis, but I want to re-write it as a plugin so I can reuse it across the site.
Here is a cut down version of the JS from file loader.plugin.js.
let originalBtnText;

export function showBtnLoader(btn, loadingText) {
  const clickedBtn = btn;
  const spinner = document.createElement('div');

  spinner.classList.add('spin-loader');

  originalBtnText = clickedBtn.textContent;
  clickedBtn.textContent = loadingText;
  clickedBtn.appendChild(spinner);
  clickedBtn.setAttribute('disabled', true);
  clickedBtn.classList.add('loading');

  return this;
}

export function hideBtnLoader(btn) {
  const clickedBtn = btn.target;
  clickedBtn.textContent = originalBtnText;
  clickedBtn.removeAttribute('disabled');
  clickedBtn.classList.remove('loading');

  return this;
}

export function btnLoader() {
  showBtnLoader();
  hideBtnLoader();
}

And here is an example of how I would like to use it.
import btnLoader from 'loaderPlugin';

const signupBtn = document.getElementById('signup-btn');

signupBtn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
  e.preventDefault();
  btnLoader.showBtnLoader(signupBtn, 'Validating');
  // Call API here
});

// Following API response
hideBtnLoader(signupBtn);

The issue I have is that I want to store the originalBtnText from the showBtnLoader function and then use that variable in the hideBtnLoader function. I could of course achieve this in a different way (such as adding the value as a data attribute and grabbing it later) but I wondered if there is a simple way.
Another issue I have is that I don't know the correct way of calling each individual function and whether I am importing it correctly. I have tried the following.
btnLoader.showBtnLoader(signupBtn, 'Validating');
btnLoader(showBtnLoader(signupBtn, 'Validating'));
showBtnLoader(signupBtn, 'Validating');

But I get the following error:
Uncaught ReferenceError: showBtnLoader is not defined
    at HTMLButtonElement.<anonymous>

I have read some good articles and SO answers such as http://2ality.com/2014/09/es6-modules-final.html and ES6 export default with multiple functions referring to each other but I'm slightly confused as to the 'correct' way of doing this to make it reusable.
Any pointers would be much appreciated.

A: I would export a function that creates an object with both show and hide functions, like this:
export default function(btn, loadingText) {

  function show() {
    const clickedBtn = btn;
    const spinner = document.createElement('div');

    spinner.classList.add('spin-loader');

    originalBtnText = clickedBtn.textContent;
    clickedBtn.textContent = loadingText;
    clickedBtn.appendChild(spinner);
    clickedBtn.setAttribute('disabled', true);
    clickedBtn.classList.add('loading');
  }

  function hide() {
    const clickedBtn = btn.target;
    clickedBtn.textContent = originalBtnText;
    clickedBtn.removeAttribute('disabled');
    clickedBtn.classList.remove('loading');
  }

  return {
    show,
    hide,
  };
}

Then, to use it:
import btnLoader from 'btnloader';

const signupBtn = document.getElementById('signup-btn');
const signupLoader = btnLoader( signupBtn, 'Validating' );

signupBtn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
  e.preventDefault();
  signupLoader.show();
  // Call API here
});

// Following API response
signupLoader.hide();

If you need to hide it from a different file from where you showed it, then you can export the instance:
export const signupLoader = btnLoader( signupBtn, 'Validating' );

And later import it.
import { signupLoader } from 'signupform';

function handleApi() {
    signupLoader.hide();
}

A: Youre maybe overriding the Element.prototype, to make it accessible right from that element. However, i wouldnt set values onto that element, i would rather return an object with all the neccessary stuff:
export function implementBtnLoader(){
 Element.prototype.showBtnLoader=function( loadingText) {
     const clickedBtn = this;
     const spinner = document.createElement('div');

     spinner.classList.add('spin-loader');

     var originalBtnText = clickedBtn.textContent;
     clickedBtn.textContent = loadingText;
     clickedBtn.appendChild(spinner);
     clickedBtn.setAttribute('disabled', true);
     clickedBtn.classList.add('loading');

    return {
        text:originalBtnText,
        el:this,
        hideBtnLoader: function() {
          const clickedBtn = this.target;
          clickedBtn.textContent = this.text;
          clickedBtn.removeAttribute('disabled');
          clickedBtn.classList.remove('loading');
          return this;
       }
    };
  };
}

export function btnLoader() {
   implementBtnLoader();
}

When imported, and implementBtnLoader was called, one can do:
var loader=document.getElementById("test").showBtnLoader();
console.log(loader.text);
loader.hideBtnLoader();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Twitter has rolled out a brand new prototype app to a small group of beta testers before a possible global release with a number of new features, including one that hides Likes and Retweets for posts on a user's feed.
Called "Twttr", the new app was first shown off publicly on Tuesday, March 12 and it includes some of the biggest changes to the platform since it's launch in 2006.
Besides new features to try and help pictures and video on Twitter, It also doesn't show the number of retweets or likes a tweet receives in a users feed, a change the company says is designed to make Twitter "friendlier".
A familiar Twitter thread on the left, and a new "Twttr" thread with no likes or retweets displayed on the right.
With likes and retweets hidden on the main feed, users will have to now open the reply menu to a tweet in order to see the number of likes and retweets.
If users are reading tweets on their feed or in a thread, likes and retweets will no longer show up below any of the tweets.
Replies have also gotten changed, replies from the original poster of the tweet or from followers will be highlighted in blue, while responses from others will be marked grey.
Responses from mutuals now appear with a blue highlight, while others appear as grey.
The massive changes to how interaction works on the platform could rub some users and creators, who might rely on Likes and Retweets to track how well content does, the wrong way.
Knowing the nature of Twitter, the company will no doubt receive a ton of feedback on the new features from users before it ever goes live.
Twttr is still a prototype that seems to be in its early stages, so we have no idea when, of even if, the changes will be rolled out to more and more users.


text:
Are Uncivil Protests and Mob Violence Winning?
The Seattle Commune is no more. Declared three weeks ago by radical leftists as CHAZ, the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone, rechristened CHOP, the Capitol Hill Occupation Protest, the six-block enclave inside Seattle ceased to exist July 1. The cops shut it down. As Marx said, history repeats itself, first as tragedy then as farce. If…
Read More Are Uncivil Protests and Mob Violence Winning?Continue
Trump Signed a Bill Calling for Sanctions Against China's So-called "Treatment of Uighurs"
Leaked excerpts from the upcoming memoir The Room Where It Happened has made stunning allegations against U.S. President Donald Trump. Former U.S. National Security Advisor, John Bolton, claims in his book that Trump attempted to interfere in a criminal investigation into Turkey's Halkbank for the largest sanctions violation scheme in U.S. history as a favor to…
Read More Trump Signed a Bill Calling for Sanctions Against China's So-called "Treatment of Uighurs"Continue
None of Your Business: China, Hong Kong and a Question of Sovereignty
Hong Kong's Chief Executive Carrie Lam seemed to relish it before the cameras this week. The United States was enduring extensive shudders of internal instability in the wake of the George Floyd protests. Dubious proposals to deploy the military were on the books. This was a superb stage show. The Chinese move to crush or,…
Read More None of Your Business: China, Hong Kong and a Question of SovereigntyContinue
Beijing Sees Trump's Hand and Won't Fold
Stranger things have happened. Everyone was expecting US President Donald Trump to go nuclear by de facto sanctioning China to death over Hong Kong. In an environment where Twitter and the President of the United States are now engaged in open warfare, the rule is that there are no rules anymore. So in the end,…
Read More Beijing Sees Trump's Hand and Won't FoldContinue
US Sets Stage for anti-China Sanctions Over Hong Kong
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on May 27, formally declared that Hong Kong no longer had "a high degree of autonomy" from China—a step that opens the door for Washington to impose a raft of economic and trade sanctions that will potentially damage its position as a global financial hub. Pompeo's decision is a…
Read More US Sets Stage for anti-China Sanctions Over Hong KongContinue
Jinping Takes Up the US Challenge
Is the U.S. up for a second Cold War — this time with China? What makes the question newly relevant is that Xi Jinping's China suddenly appears eager for a showdown with the United States for long-term supremacy in the Asia-Pacific and the world. With the U.S. consumed by the coronavirus pandemic that has killed…
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4. Encourage prioritization of grassland birds conservation in budgeting of federal agencies, and identify other sources of funding that could support grassland conservation work.
The Grassland Work Group will not meet at the March 2019 North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference.


text:
Q: BatchErrorException: The specified operation is not valid for the current state of the resource Scenario:
I have a job created in azure batch against a pool. Now, I created another pool and want to point my job to the newly created pool.
I use the azure-batch SDK to write the following piece of code
import azure.batch.batch_service_client as batch
batch_service_client = batch.BatchServiceClient(credentials, batch_url = account_url)

job_id="LinuxTrainingJob"
pool_id="linux-e6a63ad4-9e52-4b9a-8b09-2a0249802981"

pool_info = batch.models.PoolInformation(pool_id=pool_id)
job_patch_param = batch.models.JobPatchParameter(pool_info=pool_info)
batch_service_client.job.patch(job_id, job_patch_param)

This gives me the following error
BatchErrorException                       Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-104-ada32b24d6a0> in <module>
      2 pool_info = batch.models.PoolInformation(pool_id=pool_id)
      3 job_patch_param = batch.models.JobPatchParameter(pool_info=pool_info)
----> 4 batch_service_client.job.patch(job_id, job_patch_param)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/azure/batch/operations/job_operations.py in patch(self, job_id, job_patch_parameter, job_patch_options, custom_headers, raw, **operation_config)
    452
    453         if response.status_code not in [200]:
--> 454             raise models.BatchErrorException(self._deserialize, response)
    455
    456         if raw:

BatchErrorException: {'additional_properties': {}, 'lang': 'en-US', 'value': 'The specified operation is not valid for the current state of the resource.\nRequestId:46074112-9a99-4569-a078-30a7f4ad2b91\nTime:2020-10-06T17:52:43.6924378Z'}

The credentials are set above and are working properly as I was able to create pool and jobs using the same client.
Environment details
azure-batch==9.0.0
python 3.8.3
Ubuntu 18.04

A: To assign a Job to another Pool you must call the disableJob API to drain currently running tasks from the Pool. Then you can call updateJob to assign a new poolId to run on. Once it is updated you can then call enableJob to continue the jobs execution.


Travel information Macau : Macau is a small island city with 470,000 inhabitants. It is located south of the People's Republic of China. It is a peninsula located in the South China Sea. Macau is governed since 1999 as a special administrative region of China. Macau consists of three islands. Head Island Macau, Taipa and Coloane are interconnected with bridges and dams. The landscape consists mainly of beaches, hills and pine trees. There is a subtropical climate with warm, humid summers and dry, sunny winters. The capital is Macau. The historic center of the city is on the World Heritage list of UNESCO because of its unique blend of European and Asian culture. Places are Bisschops palace at Penha Hill, the facade of the Cathedral of St. Paul, Monte Fort and the Guia Fortress. Furthermore, the many churches, temples, museums and classical Chinese garden of Lou Lim Ieoc. The casinos in Macau are an important part of the economy. Sightseeing on Taipa island, the Un Pou Tai temple, the Macau Jockey Club and the Casa museum in the village of Taipa. On Coloane island, the Tam Kong temple, the Chapel of St. Francis Xavier, the parks of Coloane and SEAC Pai Van and the various beaches. The racesport is represented with the grand prize of Macau.


In Charles County, Gregory J. Keys and George L. Montgomery were known as the men to call to clean and repair wells.
The partners, who had learned a trade handed down from generation to generation and never advertised their service, went out on what was expected to be a routine job Saturday. But they drowned after becoming trapped in a narrow well, which was 40 feet deep but only 31 inches wide.
The tragedy has highlighted the dangers of an occupation as old as chimney sweeping.
Cleaning wells is not licensed by the state. Even though experts say it's critical to test the levels of oxygen and toxins in wells, free-lance well cleaners often don't have the necessary equipment.
"From preliminary information, it was obviously a case of somebody entering a confined space without taking the proper precautions and without knowing whether there was adequate oxygen," said Craig Lowry, chief of compliance for the Maryland Occupational Safety and Health.
The agency has begun an inquiry but most likely has no jurisdiction because the men were self-employed, he said.
Mr. Montgomery, 49, of Nanjemoy, complained of light-headedness after being lowered into the residential well near LaPlata shortly before noon, said Sgt. Dwight Miller, a spokesman for the Charles County Sheriff's Office.
Mr. Keys, a 40-year-old from Indian Head whose family had cleaned wells for years, went to rescue his partner after failing to raise him to the surface by cranking a cable.
Both men then managed to climb onto a chair suspended by the cable. But as Mr. Keys' son, Gregory Jr., 18, began to lift them to safety, the line snapped.
Rescue teams tried for several hours to reach the men, who slid to the bottom of the well containing 20 feet of water. Disoriented from the shortage of oxygen, both men had trouble following rescue workers' instructions.
Charles County firefighters called experts from Prince George's County after two hours of rescue attempts failed. The Confined Space Rescue Team is based in Laurel and took 40 minutes to arrive at the well.
"It was like doing it with your eyes closed," said Tom Schubert, a Prince George's firefighter who was lowered in a harness into the well. "Everything was done by feel."
Mr. Schubert said yesterday that the two victims did not have the necessary equipment, including a breathing apparatus and a monitoring device that would have showed the poor air quality in the well.
Rescue and fire personnel took tests that showed the air contained only 17 percent oxygen. Twenty-one percent is needed for a person to remain conscious.
Janice Keys said her husband loved climbing into wells. He frequently repaired them to supplement the income from his job on a Charles County road crew.
"It was a trade in the family, and he just kept it going," she said.
Mrs. Keys said her husband of 20 years was a quiet man who enjoyed fishing and spending time with his children -- Saundra, 19, Gregory, 18, Gregnear,9, and Shawnell,8.


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For most recent ingredient list, please refer to packaging. Smokey & Highlight Shades 01, 03 & 08 Talc, Magnesium Stearate, Dimethicone, Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate, Bis-Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate-2, Alumina, Triethoxycaprylylsilane, Tocopherol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Phenoxyethanol. MAY CONTAIN / PEUT CONTENIR (+/-): Mica, Titanium Dioxide (CI 77891), Iron Oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499), Manganese Violet (CI 77742), Ultramarines (CI 77007). Shades 02, 06, 07, 10, 11 & 12 Talc, Magnesium Stearate, Dimethicone, Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate, Bis-Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate-2, Tocopherol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Phenoxyethanol. MAY CONTAIN / PEUT CONTENIR (+/-): Mica, Titanium Dioxide (CI 77891), Iron Oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499), Ultramarines (CI 77007). Shades 04, 05, 09, 13 & 16 Talc, Magnesium Stearate, Dimethicone, Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate, Bis-Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate-2, Tin Oxide, Tocopherol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Phenoxyethanol. MAY CONTAIN / PEUT CONTENIR (+/-): Mica, Titanium Dioxide (CI 77891), Iron Oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499), Blue 1 Lake (CI 42090), Carmine (CI 75470), Chromium Oxide Greens (CI 77288), Ferric Ferrocyanide (CI 77510), Manganese Violet (CI 77742), Ultramarines (CI 77007). Shades 14 & 15 Talc, Magnesium Stearate, Dimethicone, Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate, Methicone, Bis-Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate-2, Tocopherol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Phenoxyethanol. MAY CONTAIN / PEUT CONTENIR (+/-): Mica, Titanium Dioxide (CI 77891), Iron Oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499).


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text:
Ping Pong is a 1994 EP by the English-French avant-pop band Stereolab. It served as the lead single from their third full-length album Mars Audiac Quintet. Three limited 7" runs were released in green, black, and pink colors. It was also released on CD and 10" vinyl.

All four of its tracks were later re-released on the Oscillons from the Anti-Sun compilation, along with an alternative mix of "Ping Pong" which had been prepared for Mars Audiac Quintet but has not been used.

"Ping Pong" is an upbeat satirical synthesiser and brass-led pop song which discusses the business cycle. The subject matter, considered to be unusual in popular music, has been cited by critics in support of a description of the group as "Marxist pop", a label that the group rejected.

"Ping Pong" reached #45 in the UK singles chart — Stereolab's biggest hit in the country — and was voted #9 in John Peel's Festive Fifty for 1994.

Track listing
 "Ping Pong" – 3:02
 "Moogie Wonderland" – 3:35
 "Pain et Spectacles" – 3:30
 "Transona Five" [live] – 5:42

Charts

References

1994 EPs
Stereolab EPs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Finn Age Hänsel, has been Managing Director of Movinga since November 2015. After studying business administration, he worked as a management consultant for the Boston Consulting Group before founding Australia's largest online fashion marketplace, The Iconic, in 2010. From 2011, he was Managing Director of Rocket Internet in Australia and, upon his return to Germany in 2013, part of the management of Epic Companies. Prior to joining Movinga as MD, he founded the Berliner Berg Brewery and Mauerkatze Ventures in 2015, with which he supports various startups as an angel investor.
When he´s not working at Movinga, Finn enjoys running, sailing and discovering new places around the globe.


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Tales of Rock: All The Cultural References In The Song 'American Pie,' Explained
I love writing this column every Sunday! Enjoy!
Eight minutes long, starting with "A long, long time ago," Don McLean's "American Pie" is a slice of cultural history. Since the song's release, fans have been obsessed with answering one question: what is "American Pie" about?
"That song didn't just happen," McLean said of his 1971 hit, which was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and named a Song of the Century by the Recording Industry Association of America. The classic folk-rock anthem, known for its expansive lyrics, is filled with cultural references related to American life in the 1950s and 1960s.
"I saw the implication of America going bye-bye, since by 1971 we were a horribly divided country with tremendous anger being directed at the government over… Vietnam," McLean said in Alan Howard's book The Don McLean Story, hinting at the song's larger meaning: the disintegration of the American ideal McLean romanticized in his youth.
McLean's ambiguous writing style lends itself to all types of interpretation, and that is how he wanted it. "People ask me if I left the lyrics open to ambiguity. Of course I did," he said. "I wanted to make a whole series of complex statements. The lyrics had to do with the state of society at the time."
McLean officially verified only one reference in the song: that Buddy Holly was a key influence in his life. As McLean put it, "I can say that Buddy was a huge part of my childhood dream. Long before I decided how I would use music or what kind of artist I would be, Buddy was there."
Fans have pulled apart and analyzed the rest of the "American Pie" lyrics and references through context clues, research, and finding historical parallels to the decades that inspired the creation of McLean's ballad.
I've done my best to compile the references here. If you can name some others let me know in the comments section!
'Bye, Bye Miss American Pie'
Some fans believe the "American Pie" in the famous first line of McLean's chorus refers to the name of the plane Buddy Holly perished on, but according to the federal Civil Aeronautics Board incident report about the aircraft's demise, the plane didn't have a name.
Jim Fann, creator of the Understanding American Pie website, argues the line has a potential two-fold meaning: a nod to the phrase "as American as apple pie" and an allusion to the Miss America beauty queen. The phrase "evokes a simpler time in American life when these icons held more meaning," Fann said.
'Drove My Chevy To The Levee But The Levee Was Dry'
McLean imbues his all-American song with all-American iconography, like the Chevy automobile or truck. The dried levee (which rhymes with Chevy) adds a sense of barrenness to the current landscape in the song.
Also, an advertisement for Chevrolet in 1953 featured a jingle sung by Dinah Shore that includes a reference to a levee.
'Singin' This'll Be The Day'
This line likely refers to Buddy Holly's song "That'll Be the Day."
Holly, along with singers the Big Bopper and Ritchie Valens, and pilot Roger Peterson, perished in a plane incident February 3, 1959. Their small aircraft went down on a snowy late night after a concert in Clear Lake, IA.
'A Long, Long Time Ago'
McLean released the song in 1971, but "American Pie" focuses on the 1950s, thus the exposition.
'But February Made Me Shiver'
This is the first reference in "American Pie" (before the chorus) to Buddy Holly's demise on February 3, 1959. He hopped on a plane after playing a show in Iowa, and never made it to his next stop: Minnesota. Instead, the plane's remains were found in an Iowa cornfield, where all the passengers, including the pilot, perished.
It's believed the plane flew into a blizzard and the inexperienced pilot lost control.
'With Every Paper I'd Deliver / Bad News On The Doorstep / I Couldn't Take One More Step'
McLean apparently worked as a newspaper delivery boy. And on February 3, 1959, the "bad news" was Buddy Holly's demise, on the cover of every paper (the afternoon version) that McLean distributed.
'When I Read About His Widowed Bride'
Buddy Holly was married to his young wife, Maria Elena Santiago-Holly, for only six months when he perished.
His widowed, pregnant new bride was so traumatized by the news of his demise that she had a miscarriage.
'The Day The Music Died'
Buddy Holly was not the only musician who perished in the plane incident. He was on a 24-day, 24-city tour with the Big Bopper and Ritchie Valens. The Big Bopper was known for his song "Chantilly Lace," and Valens for "La Bamba."
The loss of all three rock musicians in the same incident was seen as a tragedy, and in McLean's mind, marked the end of a musical era that would never be reclaimed.
'Did You Write The Book Of Love?'
"The Book of Love" is a famous doo-wop song by The Monotones, a group from Newark, NJ. The song was released in 1958, topping pop and R&B charts. It must have left an impression on young McLean. As the lyrics to the song go:
I wonder, wonder who, mmbadoo-ooh, who
Who wrote the book of love
The track actually made it to Woodstock 1969, where it was covered by Sha Na Na.
'If The Bible Tells You So?'
"The Bible Tells Me So" was a gospel pop adaptation of the Sunday school song "Jesus Loves Me" written by Dale Evans in 1955 and recorded by a handful of singers the same year.
Versions from Nick Noble and Don Cornell were especially popular, soaring high on Billboard charts.
'You Both Kicked Off Your Shoes'
This is likely a reference to sock hops, beloved teenage dance parties in the '40s and '50s that involved playing popular music in gymnasiums or community halls. Sock hops coincided with the rise of rock 'n' roll as the '50s progressed.
Participants were told to take their shoes off to protect the varnish on dance floors.
'With A Pink Carnation And A Pickup Truck'
In 1957, Marty Robbins released the heartbreak song "A White Sport Coat (And a Pink Carnation)" about a young man "all dressed up for the dance" and "all alone in romance."
'And Moss Grows Fat On A Rolling Stone'
A year after Bob Dylan released "Like a Rolling Stone" in 1965, he was involved in a strange motorcycle incident that made him lie low for a year or two at the height of his career. He'd just transformed himself from a folk singer to an electric guitar-playing rock musician, which caused a lot of controversy within the American music scene.
Some fans believe McLean's intention with this line in "American Pie" is to highlight the evolution of music between the '50s and early '70s while also pushing the action of the song into the '60s.
'When The Jester Sang For The King And Queen'
According to one fan theory, Bob Dylan is the jester, Pete Seeger is the king, and Joan Baez is the queen. All three were influential and politically motivated folk singers in early '60s, and it's not a stretch to suggest their music influenced McLean's own folksy sound. Dylan, Seeger, and Baez were all on stage together at the Newport Folk Festival in 1963, where they sang Dylan's "Blowin' in the Wind" in unison.
Another theory is that the king and queen refer to President John F. Kennedy and first lady Jackie Kennedy.
'In A Coat He Borrowed From James Dean'
This line could be another reference to Bob Dylan.
On the cover of his 1963 album The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan, Dylan wears a red windbreaker similar to the one worn by James Dean in the film Rebel Without a Cause.
'And While The King Was Looking Down'
If the king is Pete Seeger, the godfather of folk, this could be a reference to him looking down upon the way Bob Dylan experimented with music in the 1960s.
'The Jester Stole His Thorny Crown'
Bob Dylan the jester became the king, taking the crown when he won hearts with his brand of folksy rock 'n' roll.
Who did he take the crown from? Some people believe it's Elvis, the "King of Rock 'n' Roll." Others stick with Pete Seeger.
'The Courtroom Was Adjourned / No Verdict Was Returned'
Returning to the JFK theory, after he was slain in 1963 , the man accused of the slaying, Lee Harvey Oswald, was himself slain.
Therefore, "no verdict was returned" because no trial actually occurred.
'And While Lennon Read A Book On Marx'
While some fans think McLean is singing about Communist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, the more popular theory is that he's singing about the Beatles becoming more political with their music as tensions soared in the '60s. The Beatles, adored by American youth, were deemed inappropriate by older generations who thought their music was too rowdy.
As their sound evolved, the Beatles released songs like "Revolution" in 1968, whose message is in line with the Communist philosophies of German writer Karl Marx, known for The Communist Manifesto.
'The Quartet Practiced In The Park'
The quartet is likely the Beatles: Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr.
'And We Sang Dirges In The Dark'
A dirge is a funereal song of mourning, and there were plenty of lives to mourn in the '60s: President John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr., and Robert F. Kennedy among them.
The line could also refer to the Vietnam conflict; many drafted service members sent overseas never made it back home.
'Helter Skelter In A Summer Swelter'
"Helter Skelter" is a song the Beatles released in 1968, a year of political and social turmoil in the United States.
The next August, "in a summer swelter," followers of Charles Manson brutally slayed five people, including the actress Sharon Tate, who was eight months pregnant at the time.
'The Birds Flew Off From A Fallout Shelter'
Some fans speculate this is an allusion to the '60s rock band The Byrds. A fallout shelter is a euphemism for a treatment center, which one of the band members checked into after being caught with illicit substances.
'Eight Miles High And Falling Fast'
Eight Miles High is the title of a 1966 album by The Byrds, considered one of the first real trippy records.
The groundbreaking sound of the album was influenced by plenty of experimentation with illicit substances, particularly acid.
'It Landed Foul On The Grass'
Grass. Herb. Dope. Pot. Doobie. All of these slang words refer to one thing, a certain illicit (and some consider foul-smelling) substance favored in the '60s counterculture on display in "American Pie": weed.
'With The Jester On The Sidelines In A Cast'
Fans believe this is another homage to Bob Dylan's 1966 motorcycle incident.
'While Sergeants Played A Marching Tune'
The Beatles released Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in 1967, and this is likely an allusion to that significant album.
With this release, the Beatles amped up their innovative approach to rock music, including sitars and sound collages.
' 'Cause The Players Tried To Take The Field / The Marching Band Refused To Yield'
Fans see this as a remark about the protest movement that seemed to peak in the late '60s and early '70s, from Chicago to Kent State.
Young people demonstrated en masse against prejudice, military conflicts, and economic injustice.
'Oh, And There We Were, All In One Place'
McLean could be making a statement about the unifying power of the Woodstock 1969 festival in Bethel, NY, which brought together more than 400,000 people in one weekend.
Many of the most well-known rock musicians of the time performed, including Janis Joplin and Jimi Hendrix. The festival is viewed as the height of American hippie culture.
'Jack Be Nimble, Jack Be Quick / Jack Flash Sat On A Candlestick'
This line could be a mash-up between the "Jack Be Nimble" nursery rhyme and the 1969 song "Jumpin' Jack Flash" by the Rolling Stones, released on their album Live'r Than You'll Ever Be.
Fans think this is an insult to the Stones for not coming up with a good comeback to the Beatles' album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. According to their theory, "Jack" is Mick Jagger.
'Cause Fire Is The Devil's Only Friend'
According to one theory, the "Devil" could be Rolling Stones frontman Mick Jagger, representing rebellion and estrangement, and the pull away from a more innocent time perceived earlier in music and the world.
'No Angel Born In Hell / Could Break That Satan's Spell'
"No angel born in Hell" could refer to the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club, which instigated a riot at the 1969 Altamont Free Concert in California.
The Hells Angels agreed to provide security during a performance by the Rolling Stones, and an 18-year-old black man perished at the hands of a member of the motorcycle group. The events of the day are considered by some to be the day the "free love" movement ended.
'I Met A Girl Who Sang The Blues'
The "girl" could be Janis Joplin, the rock singer with a singular bluesy voice who perished from taking illicit substances in 1970.
Her hits "Piece of My Heart" and "Me and Bobby McGee" were considered anthems for the hippie generation.
'I Went Down To The Sacred Store / Where I'd Heard The Music Years Before / But The Man There Said The Music Wouldn't Play'
McLean is possibly bemoaning the loss of interest in '50s music at record stores.
When he released the song in 1971, perhaps he was suggesting no one cared about music from this bygone era anymore.
'And In The Streets The Children Screamed'
This line could be an allusion to all the turmoil that occurred in the years leading up to the song's creation.
Thousands of young people across the country were involved in various protest movements, which led to confrontations with law enforcement or other groups.
'And The Three Men I Admire Most / The Father, Son, And The Holy Ghost'
McLean was apparently raised Catholic, so bringing religion in at the end of the song makes sense.
The sacred holy trinity, however, catches "the last train for the coast," likely a sign McLean believes America lost its moral foundation in 1959.
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Author phicklephillyPosted on June 14, 2020 June 6, 2020 Categories art, blogging, celebrity gossip, drugs, entertainment, friends, history, life, love, men, music, philadelphia, philly, romance, Uncategorized, Women, writingTags american pie, don mclean, rock
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text:
The New Queens of Haute Couture
Becoming an haute couture designer isn't easy—it takes years of work and acceptance into the official federation. A new documentary follows two young designers hoping to make the cut.
Sarah Moroz
Updated Jul. 12, 2017 12:24PM ET / Published Jan. 27, 2014 2:20PM ET
Cécile Burban
To be officially considered an haute couture label requires meeting the precise dictates of the Fédération Française de la Couture, an establishment that sets industry standards on quality and strictly polices the application of the "haute couture" title.
#Couture: the New Queens of the Haute, a French documentary that debuted on Paris Première, spotlights two young designers who employ haute couture-style practices, but do not yet have official recognition. Iris Van Herpen and Delphine Manivet each have a technical mastery that falls within the luxurious customs of haute couture. Manivet longs to be given the distinction and invited to Haute Couture Fashion Week, while Van Herpen has already been part of the calendar since 2011 and her official status is pending (she is already a guest member of Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture). Haute couture has existed for 150 years, and important maisons (Chanel, Dior, and their ilk) have a long history of making exquisite, inimitable looks for individual clients. Inclusion in this fashion faction means not only showing collections among peers, but also truly becoming part of the history of—and contemporary conversation around—Parisian fashion.
Dutch-born Iris Van Herpen is based in Amsterdam; her atelier was formerly a harbor warehouse repossessed by artists and turned into studio spaces. She deems her work "craft with modern techniques" and has been welcomed into the milieu despite an unconventional approach. "It's not a traditional haute couture, but they still see it as a craft," Van Herpen says. It can take two months to work on and manipulate a single dress into the garment she wants. She veers towards the avant-garde, using metal-powder deformed silicone piercings as textural embellishment and digital printers. "For me it's too easy to take a feather from a bird to create a bird," she says of her creative process—she opted for a delicate, metallic, laser-cut feather instead. Her skillfully handmade collections are created without the expected tools: "sponges replace irons, Q-tips replace needles, shoes made from a 3-D printer are adjusted with a screwdriver," the documentary intones. Van Herpen's skill was, fittingly, honed at Alexander McQueen. International museums are interested in exhibiting her work; Lady Gaga, Daphne Guinness, and Bjork have worn her pieces.
By contrast, French designer Delphine Manivet is more classical, trained at Rochas before leaving to craft refined bridal gowns under her own name. In line with couture practices, her gowns are "long to produce, complicated to make." Manivet reveres the couture tradition as much for its gorgeous results as for its deep roots in French fashion custom. The documentary focuses on the gown she and her employees created for French actress Melanie Thierry to wear to a red carpet appearance in Cannes. A team of four women is shown pouring over the dress, a luxe affair of hand-embroidered pearls and sequins, shimmering and subtle, with pale tulle inserts to match the actress's skin tone. The dress was borrowed given that it is, as Manivet says, "priceless" due to all the hours of labor that go into executing such a meticulous garment. Such dresses go on to become part of the archive and the "story of the maison de couture." Another French actress, who was fitted at Manivet's gilded showroom in the chic 8th arrondissement, says of the singular clothes: "something created for you allows you to create."
Though the designers have markedly different aesthetics, both articulate how intrinsic personalization is to the process. There's the exclusivity factor—that no one else has a dress like it—but there's another level still, in that couture is perfectly fitted to one body alone. It's what distinguishes it from ready-to-wear garments, which ostensibly work for a variety of different shapes. And of course, couture garments are unique in their artisanal production. As Cathy Horyn, the tell-it-like-it-is New York Times fashion journalist, points out in a cameo, "You can't have anything systematic when it's made by hand."
The documentary is directed by Jean Marc Manivet, who is Delphine's brother, a fact that isn't quite negligible. The 35-year-old Frenchman started his career as a video editor, working on films for Loic Prigent, the French fashion film director behind Marc Jacobs & Louis Vuitton (a French TV documentary that aired in 2007) and Signé Chanel (a five-episode documentary TV mini-series that began in 2005). After months of editing, Manivet wanted to "see people outside the editing room, to feel more connected" and transitioned to directing. Designers' ateliers, places of création brut, or raw creation, fascinated him. He says, "It's not just about saying 'we love that, we love that'; we have to find the details that show truth in this world." And in this case, seeing women create pieces for women demonstrated a different sensitivity about how to make a dress. "They have an understanding of the body," Manivet marvels. "I'd never heard a male designer think about the bust in the same way."
The film is sprinkled with vintage clips of haute couture presentations and comments from iconic designers like Courrèges and Cardin. "It's a long story, but it's a simple story," Manivet says of couture's past. It may be "le début" of these two young designer's careers, but to be introduced to their process is to get a glimpse into a long-standing, venerable profession. It's a universe that has perpetuated beauty and rigorous attention to detail, fueled by patience and passion.


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