I felt like I was coming out of a fog the last two weeks. The six month mark arrived the same day as what should've been his 52nd birthday. The day was surprisingly calm and peaceful. I say surprising, because I honestly didn't know what to expect. Even though I resolved myself to celebrate and be thankful for him ever having been born, I wasn't sure how I'd feel when actually faced with the day.
By the end of it, though, me and the girls hadn't just gotten through. We laughed, we hugged and this next part will sound crazy, but none of us cried. The not crying part is a head trip. I mean, he only died six months ago. Shouldn't I have cried? People see me daily, with a look of sadness in their eyes, and ask how I'm doing. I feel weird when I say we are doing well. There's such a pressure of what people perceive, and if I don't fit with that perception, am I greiving properly, or enough?
I told you, it's a head trip. I know there are no rules to any of this. I know my journey is different from that of my daughters, different from that of other men and women who have walked this same path. No one can tell me how to grieve. I know it to be true, yet I feel as though I walk with a spotlight glaring on me at all times.
Through all those feelings the last two weeks, I still felt like I was headed into a new phase. One of acceptance, and a renewal of strength to want to keep going on this journey because turning back just isn't an option.
And then I come home on a Friday morning after dropping the girls at school and daycare, and decided to flip through the channels. I happen upon PBS Kids and a wave of sadness hits me like a tidal wave. Super Why was on, and at that time just over six months ago, I would've been coaxing Virginia into her shoes, getting her to daycare late, yet again. Our mornings were very cozy and relaxed before Michael passed away. He would walk Isabella to school, it was the highlight of his morning. Virginia and I would walk them to the door, blow millions of hugs and kisses, then scurry back inside to curl up on the couch and eat breakfast—poached eggs were her favorite.
There are no more leisurely mornings.
Then today, I was in the car with the girls, running a myriad of errands. It's President's Day Weekend, so the city has a quiet undercurrent. Many of my girlfriends are off on vacation with their family. I used to live for the three-day weekends, when we got him for one extra day. That third day in a row, all four of us together, meant the puzzle was complete for one more day, before we had to face the daily grind. Anyway, as I was driving, I thought about how we'd often load the girls in the car and drive to Queens for empanadas at Empanadas Cafe. It was a long way to go, and we could've had good grub in our hood, but the drive to Corona was a nice reprieve from the gentrified airs of Smith Street.
We haven't been to Empanada Cafe in over six months.
Last summer we also took the girls to Roosevelt Island for the first time. Michael got out of the car and took Isabella for a closer look as the tram was taking off, while Virginia and I watched from the car with Feelin' Groovy serenading us in the background. It's moments like that which leave me wishing I could build a time machine.
Could I live a lifetime knowing all I had to do was be strong a handful of days a year—a birthday, Valentine's Day, Thanksgiving? Of course. It's the smaller life moments that I miss more. It's knowing I have to constantly go through them alone, even when I'm in a room full of people who love me. It's just they can't possibly love me the way he did. No one ever will, regardless of whether I ever meet someone new. They will never be him, and that's really hard to accept.
I had planned on writing about a new Italian fried rice I made earlier in the week. It's a great recipe, and I'm eager to share it with all you. I needed to clear my head first, though, and writing here is the best place I know how to do that.
The first anniversary of my oldest son's (Sean Patrick Trail) death is the 27th…..Complications of Diverticulitis. He never woke up from the surgery. He was almost 46, and he was a big bear. We had fallen out of touch for awhile, not for any bad feelings, just not as careful about our relationship as we should have been. But we had reconnected, and I talked to him just a few days before the end. He said he was okay, and we both said I Love You. I feel guilty because I'm not in sackcloth and ashes….. but that doesn't mean I don't love him and miss him. Feelings are funny.
I absolutely agree with everything you say. Your journey is yours alone and you´re making a great job. Your life will be different but by no means worse. And, in the end, you wouldn´t change a single day with him even if you knew what was coming. All my love and strength to you and your daughters.
I went back through ALL the posts since I "met" you. I found your little note right back to me! Thank you. I am glad that sometimes I CAN make you smile. It is funny,(yes again, not really) that this all just keeps on going and going, like the Energizer batteries. Seriously, like a bad, scary movie. But I still think of you, love your recipes and send prayers your way.Have you ever felt him standing behind you? That has happened to me many times and is really weird , especially after all these years. I look around and no one is there! LOOK, LISTEN and talk to him!
I am glad every time you share your thoughts! Thank you. I think the peaceful days are love's way of giving you a tiny break from the drowning sadness and giving you the strength to keep afloat when the agonizing waves hit unexpectedly. I know there could never be enough little memories, but the ones you have shared are beautiful.
Your words always make me think, and feel, and want to live every day to the fullest.
As always, this is such a beautiful post. I have to admit that I have been a little concerned since you haven't posted since Mikey's birthday. I have been keeping you in my thoughts and prayers, Jennie.
it's such a privilege you share your experience with us. thanks for the trust and your honesty. you and your girls will always walk in a world made more beautiful by Mikey's presence, no matter how awful it may be because of his leaving.
My mom became a single parent when I was 3. She cried all the time, even though she made the decision by choice. Not by fate. I'm not sure which is worse, but no matter what, the dreams and plans you have for your kids as a team now has to be done alone.
I still had a fun life growing up with my mom, and didn't feel like i was missing anything because the other parent was gone. The trick is to create life experiences that you can manage on your own, and to be satisfied that you have done the best you can.
There is no right or wrong to everyone's grief.
You need to grieve in your own way at your own pace that's the only right way!
Many hugs to you and you girls.
I walked along the ocean in Eastham today, reflecting on your post, as I know you love this place. I took a moment to wish you joy in life and strength in life, in equal measure.
We are so blessed to be able to read your journey and share your thoughts. I find you an inspiration as you are a very strong person who dearly loved her Mikey with her heart and soul. Your doing a wonderful job with your girls be proud of yourself.
You have learned that already. Michael would NEVER have accepted you going back. He urged and encouraged you to "follow your dream," and you're doing just that. It's not just what Michael would have wanted, but it's to fulfill what's in your heart and soul.
My husband died 97 days before his 52nd birthday – 3yrs & 9 mos. ago. The tidal wave of sadness is now a part of me. I manage it, but sometimes it manages me. My daughter and I seem to be able to talk more about him this year without carefully measuring our words, so not to cry. I use to wish it so very desperately, but now I just think that a miracle may be possible – a glimmer of hope I know will not happen – when a car like his goes by and I think I just might see him in the driver's seat. I think I'm a bit crazy and then I think it was a nice opportunity to think of his face and his being, and his love. Feelings work in funny ways. No Jenny, no one else will ever be him – nor would you really want them to be. The acceptance will come. I look forward to your writing. It nurtures the soul – yours and ours. And I do love your recipes. I try to make them mother/daughter time.
Jennie, You write so beautifully, I wish you would write a book on your travel with this burden. You have no idea how many people you touch in your grieving, and help so they see they are not alone.
You are not alone either, even though it feels like it.
I don't personally know you but I want you to know that my heart is SO full of love for you! YOU INSPIRE me to be better, to love harder to make living a priority! I think of you often and send my love!
It is the little things that make life grand. I am so sorry for your loss.
Wow – this is the first post that you haven't counted the days since. That's a HUGE step, and I know that even though the number isn't sitting at the top of the blog post, it will forever resonate in your heart. I admire your journey. That probably sounds terrible in that grief should not be honoured in such a way, but I admire your strength in gliding through each day, and desire to face the world head on. I wish I had been so brave, or gracious in my own times of grief. Instead I screamed and raged with the world. I'm not sure I yet believe in time being the healer of all wounds. I don't think things get easier per se,I think it's more that we get stronger, resilient almost, and infinitely more patient with whatever comes our way … and that's what translates as being ease in life. It is all the little things, and I wish an abundance of beautiful, light, loving ones your way.
Love and hugs to you, Jennie, and don't ever feel you have to FEEL anything a certain way – just BE.
No one can feel your feelings but you, Jennie.
I can easily see how the little moments hit you harder than some of the landmarks. You are braced for those, expecting them, so maybe they are easier to handle? The unexpected little moments when something makes you remember, or you turn to say "look at this"…yeah, Jennie, I can see how they would sneak up and overwhelm you.
I think you are incredibly brave to share your journey with us.
Now, what on earth is Italian Fried Rice?
I can totally relate to your feelings. My own husband died ten weeks ago, shortly before Christmas. I dreaded his approaching birthday on February 19th, but I actually got through it okay. I had pizza at home with my son and toasted my husband's memory with a glass of wine and wished him peace. The grieving and healing process amazes me every day.
thank you for reminding us what is important… the stronger your love, the stronger your grief. it would be a dishonor to our loved ones not to feel pain when we are reminded of things they miss or times we shared. it won't always cause you to crumble and become innert, but your heart will always hurt. don't you feel far more empathy to others now? sometimes I am amazed at how well people cope in the enormity of grief.
I've never posted a comment but have been reading for a while. Thanks for sharing your heart. You have a gift for expressing your thoughts. Today, because of your post, I will again purpose to soak up those little moments. Hoping you find strength and joy and peace today. You and your precious girls are so blessed to have each other.
Your words move me to such emotion every time. They are so rich and pure and honest, similar I assume to the love you had for Mikey, so how else could you write!? But anyway, I think it's safe to say your grieving is yours and no matter how you cry or look or feel on any given moment, it's so evident that you are tremendously mourning. So, have your days without tears and tell people how you're doing, you know. He knows. That's all. Have a good day, Jennie.
My husband died 8 1/2 months ago, also very suddenly, age 43. I read early on from another writer that somehow, thru the grieving, her love for her husband actually grew despite his painful absence. I feel that. Some days. I wish that for you too and would like to thank you for sharing your grief and humor and recipes. And I'd also like to thank the community of commenters. It fills up my heart.
Thank you for sharing. You have reminded me of the gift life is and not to take it lightly.God Bless you.
Jennie, thank you for persevering with life and writing and honesty and courage…!
I was looking for a recipe for peanut butter pie and quite by accident I ran across your story.
I am new to the blogging community and have published a story of my Grandmother's life and the tragedies she suffered. She suffered through the loss of two husbands, both in very heart-breaking ways, leaving her with young children. She persevered through all that heartbreak and held her head high. I only found my voice late in life to tell her story. Her story is one of success in living a gracious life and achieving much in the way of life, love and the pursuit of happiness, regardless of the pain she suffered.
My heart breaks for you but I invite you to witness the life of a lovely lady, written by a loving Granddaughter. Her life lessons made a great difference in our lives. From the stories you have so courageously documented, I commend you on your strength and your willingness to share your innermost feelings and pain. She would have loved you and I'm sure you would have loved her.
I would love to introduce you to 'TREASURES in the ATTIC: GIFTS from a WOMAN of FAITH' available on Amazon, Barnes & Noble and many other outlets. If you feel comfortable enough to send me your mailing address, I will gladly send you a signed copy if you so desire.
I send you my heartfelt gratitude and congratulations on building your life with your precious children. Strive to listen for the music of his voice in the wind and see his face in nature; it will bring you comfort.


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Q: Sharesheet from a tableViewCell popover on the ipad I'm trying to share something to the sharesheet from a button inside a cusom cell on a UITableView thats presented as a popover. I keep getting:

Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: 'Application tried to present modal view controller on itself. Presenting controller is .

func passToShareSheet(fileName: String, ext: String, stringToWriteToFile: String){
    let fileName = "\(fileName).\(ext)"
    let path = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: NSTemporaryDirectory()).appendingPathComponent(fileName)
    do {
        try stringToWriteToFile.write(to: path!, atomically: true, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
        let vc = UIActivityViewController(activityItems: [path as Any], applicationActivities: [])
        vc.popoverPresentationController?.sourceView = self
        vc.present(vc, animated: true, completion: nil)
        print(stringToWriteToFile)
    } catch {
        print("Failed to create file")
        print("\(error)")
    }
}

I realize its because this is being called on a UITableViewCell but I have no idea how to do it the correct way? any help?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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GUEST BOOK PUZZLES
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……The origin of the jigsaw puzzle is generally attributed to a European cartographer named John Spilsbury, who cut a wooden map of the British Empire into pieces in the 1760s so the aristocracy's children could learn the geography of the lands Britain ruled. These early wooden puzzles, called "Dissected Maps," began the history of the jigsaw puzzle and their popularity among the upper class in both Europe and the U.S. grew steadily throughout the 1800s.
……The first important development in the history of the jigsaw puzzle was that by 1900, the wooden jigsaw puzzle in the U.S. had evolved from children's games into a form of entertainment for wealthy adults. The jigsaw puzzle found its way back across the Atlantic Ocean in the first decade of the 20th century, now as a popular form of adult entertainment rivaling bridge and lawn bowling, and would often be found at parties or in the parlors of weekend estates. In 1908, Parker Brothers began producing their handcut, wooden Pastime Puzzle line in Salem, MA, which quickly became one of the best remembered puzzle lines inthe history of the jigsaw puzzle. Soon after, Milton Bradley entered the market with their wooden Premier Jig Saw Puzzles. A host of others, such as Detroit Publishing Co.'s Travel Picture Puzzles, followed suit as the popularity of wooden jigsaw puzzles soared in the first three decades of the 20th century.
……The second important development in the history of the jigsaw puzzle was the evolution during the Great Depression of the mass-produced, die-cut, cardboard jigsaw puzzle. It was not until the Great Depression was underway that manufacturers of die-cut, cardboard jigsaw puzzles sprung up to meet the market demand for the entertainment of puzzles at prices families struggling through the Great Depression could afford. The most popular of these cardboard puzzles during the 1930s was the Perfect Picture Puzzle, manufactured by the Consolidated Paper Company in Somerville, MA. Known as "Weeklies" because a new puzzle was released each week, Perfect Picture Puzzles sold for ten to twenty-five cents each in 1933, bringing puzzle prices well within reach of the middle and lower classes, and thereby greatly expanding the puzzle market. Another "Weekly" cardboard puzzle manufacturer out of Canada in that era was Lovell's Weekly Picture Puzzle.
……Throughout the Great Depression in the U.S., as the bottom dropped out of the economy and unemployment and poverty levels reached staggering heights, the jigsaw puzzle took on a vital role as a positive source of family entertainment.
Indeed, the jigsaw puzzle helped hold families together during the decade of strife–the wooden puzzle among the rich and the cardboard puzzle among the poor.
……The 1930s also saw a rise in the number of individuals entering the wooden jigsaw market–many with unique, handcrafted production methods. it is these craft pioneers that established the modern legacy wooden-jigsaw-puzzle cutters carry on today. One exceptional and unique production method came to life in the 1930s when a man named Charles Russell of Auburn, Massachusetts, fashioned a saw blade to his wife's sewing machine and began cutting wooden jigsaw puzzles with it.
I met him in his basement shop when I was three, and several times thereafter, as he was the puzzler whose interlocking puzzles my family collected most. Many others collected Russell puzzles as well, including a distinguished business mogul named Mr. Bing who, upon hearing that failing eyesight was forcing Mr. Russell to stop cutting his puzzles, designed a very special, bright lamp and flew it in his private plane from California to Mr. Russell's basement shop. That lamp enabled Mr. Russell to cut puzzles for well over another decade.
……Among the other puzzles my family collected was the occassional Par Puzzle, whose creators were the most reknowned handcut, wooden puzzle makers of the twentieth century. In the entire history of the jigsaw puzzle, Par Puzzles set most of the high quality and cleverness standards to which modern day puzzlers adhere. Although the Par Puzzle era ended when the last of its two founders died in 1974, collectors still scour antique stores for used Par Puzzles, and pay hundreds or thousands of dollars for puzzles that may even have pieces missing!
……The wooden jigsaw puzzle today is still a high-end, niche market due in part to the high prices attributable to the great labor intensity of the production process. Many of today's mass-produced, cardboard puzzle-doers have never even heard of the wooden jigsaw puzzle. The difference between the two is great; once you've done a handcrafted, wooden jigsaw puzzle, with its unique shapes, clever tricks, and beautiful, handmade, tactile sensations, the cardboard puzzle is forevermore a trinket falling well shortof replicating the art of the wooden jigsaw puzzle.
……Anne D. Williams, an economics professor at Bates College and jigsaw puzzle collector and historian, has written a thorough history of the jigsaw puzzle in her newest book, The Jigsaw Puzzle: Piecing Together a History. We were listed on page 204 of this book by our original name, WC Puzzles, as one of 23 handmade puzzle cutters in the U.S.! Whether you want a rare book to read lightly or the whole enchilada of the history of the jigsaw puzzle, Anne Williams' book is much more comprehensive than the historical summary provided here on our website. It's a fun and different read, and it makes a great gift as well! You can find it on Amazon.com.
History of Jigsaw Puzzles By D. J. McAdam
:: Occasional Jigsaw Puzzles (7)
:: Traditional Jigsaw Puzzles (9)
Pin Up Girls (4)
Wedding Guestbook Puzzle
:: BESPOKE Guest Book Puzzle :: MAP Guest Book Puzzle :: HEART Guest Book Puzzle :: OAK TREE Guest Book Puzzle :: MAPLE TREE Guest Book Puzzle :: BUTTERFLY Guest Book Puzzle :: RECTANGLE Guest Book Puzzle :: PHOTO Guest Book Puzzle :: ENGLAND Guest Book Puzzle :: USA Guest Book Puzzle :: ITALY Guest Book Puzzle :: 2 OWLS Guest Book Puzzle
Traditional Jigsaw Puzzle
:: Angels
:: Pin Up Girls
:: Titanic
:: Christmas
:: Bespoke Wooden Jigsaw Puzzle
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Passion on Park Avenue Read online Lauren Layne (Central Park Pact #1)
Author: Lauren Layne
Books in Series: Central Park Pact Series by Lauren Layne
Genre: Chick Lit, Contemporary, New Adult, Romance
You are Here: Home > Fiction > Chick Lit > Passion on Park Avenue Read online Lauren Layne (Central Park Pact #1)
Passion on Park Avenue (Central Park Pact #1)
From the author of the New York Times bestselling Stiletto and Oxford series, the first in a sizzling new series following the unlikely friendship of three Upper East Side women as they struggle to achieve their dreams and find true love and happiness in the city that never sleeps.
For as long as she can remember, Bronx-born Naomi Powell has had one goal: to prove her worth among the Upper East Side elite—the same people for which her mom worked as a housekeeper. Now, as the strongminded, sassy CEO of one of the biggest jewelry empires in the country, Naomi finally has exactly what she wants—but it's going to take more than just the right address to make Manhattan's upper class stop treating her like an outsider.
The worst offender is her new neighbor, Oliver Cunningham—the grown son of the very family Naomi's mother used to work for. Oliver used to torment Naomi when they were children, and as a ridiculously attractive adult, he's tormenting her in entirely different ways. Now they find themselves engaged in a battle-of-wills that will either consume or destroy them…
Filled with charm and heart and plenty of sex and snark, this entertaining series will hook you from the very first page.
Central Park Pact Series by Lauren Layne
Lauren Layne Books
Naomi Powell figured there was no good way to discover that the man you'd been dating for three months was married to someone else. But of all the possibilities, learning about the existence of a Mrs. Brayden Hayes via the cheating bastard's obituary?
Definitely the worst.
The taxi pulled to a stop outside Central Presbyterian, and Naomi nearly lost her nerve, her instincts screaming for her to tell the cabbie to take her back to the Lower East Side.
Instead, she handed the driver a twenty, shoved open the door, and stepped onto ritzy Park Avenue as though she belonged there. She pulled her Gucci sunglasses out of her bag and slid them onto her nose—the overcast July day didn't quite warrant the shades, but she was walking into a funeral. People would hopefully think the purpose of the sunglasses was to hide red, puffy eyes rather than what it really was:
A disguise.
Screw that, Naomi thought furiously, pushing the sunglasses back up into her dark red hair and marching with purpose toward the stately Gothic-style church. She didn't need a disguise. At twenty-nine, Naomi had spent most of her lifetime dealing with people trying to make her feel inferior, and she'd be damned if she let a turd of a playboy succeed from beyond the grave.
She had just as much right to be here as anyone else. It's not like she'd known he was married. She hadn't even known he lived in Manhattan. Naomi wasn't sure she knew a single damn thing about the real Brayden Hayes, but even around all her anger, she still wanted the chance to say goodbye.
The man had made her life better, for a while at least. Even if he was making it a hell of a lot worse now.
She sighed and slid the sunglasses back onto her face. Not to protect herself, but to protect Brayden's wife. Naomi had no idea if Claire knew of her existence, but on the off chance she did, Naomi didn't want to make this any harder on the woman than it already was.
Naomi walked up the steps to the church as Brayden's obituary rattled around in her brain, the way it had for days. The victim of a tragic yachting accident, Brayden Hayes is survived by wife, Claire Hayes . . .
A yachting accident. Really? Really?
Wasn't death by luxury boat just a little too good for a womanizer with the morals of a lump of coal?
The only saving grace of the situation, and Naomi had had to look really hard to find one, was that Claire and Brayden hadn't had any children. Thank God for that. It was the only thing that had kept Naomi from breaking completely when she'd learned of Brayden's double life. She knew all too well the havoc a philandering asshole could wreak on a child's life.
Naomi stepped into the dark, quiet church and walked toward one of the back pews. Several people turned and looked her way, and her footsteps faltered.
On a rational level, Naomi knew they were merely turning instinctively at the sharp click of her Louboutin stilettos against the church floor. Some maybe even recognized her as the Naomi Powell from the latest 30-under-30 list, or from her interview on the Today show.
But everywhere she looked, Naomi saw only disdain. As though they could see beyond the conservative Chloé dress to her Bronx roots. As though they knew she was the other woman. The very identity that had destroyed her mother and that Naomi had sworn to avoid.
She sucked in a breath, trying to gather the defiance that had turned her from a nobody into one of the city's wealthiest women. She tried to gather the confidence that had earned her a spot on every "women to watch" list in the nation. But today, she didn't feel like a bright up-and-comer in the business world. Today she felt small. Worse, she felt dirty.
Naomi watched as a woman pursed her lips and turned away, as though unable to look any longer upon Brayden Hayes's whore. That's what he'd made her. A lifetime of trying to avoid her mother's footsteps, and one Upper East Side scumbag had turned her into her own worst nightmare.
Naomi didn't even realize she'd turned around and left the church until she felt the warm summer breeze whip at her hair. Didn't register what direction she was walking until she hit the eastern edge of Central Park.
Only then did she let herself truly breathe, sucking in big lungfuls of air. But she didn't cry. Naomi had promised herself a long time ago she'd never cry because of a man.
She was hardly dressed for a stroll, but the trees and winding path calmed her as she entered the park. A welcome respite from the nearby neighborhood and all its snobbery. In Central Park, it didn't matter what street you lived on, what borough you came from. Central Park belonged to all New Yorkers, one glorious shared backyard.


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Home Articles Is a highly concentrated source of energy in the body?
on October 29, 2020 October 29, 2020 Articles
Is a highly concentrated source of energy in the body?
1 Is a highly concentrated source of energy in the body?
2 What are the 3 main sources of energy for the body?
3 What is the body's preferred source of energy quizlet?
4 What is the primary energy source during high intensity exercise?
5 Which is the most concentrated source of energy in the body?
6 Why is carbohydrate the most efficient source of fuel?
Remember that each nutrient plays a specific and important role in keeping the body healthy. Fat is one of 3 nutrients that provide energy. The other two are carbohydrates and proteins. Fat is the most concentrated source of food energy.
What is the main source of energy in the body?
Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. The fruit, vegetables, dairy, and grain food groups all contain carbohydrates.
Which energy source is concentrated?
Fat is the most concentrated source of calories. It supplies more than twice as many calories per gram as either carbohydrates or proteins (9 calories per gram compared with 4 calories per gram). Most people get too much fat in their diet.
What are the 3 main sources of energy for the body?
Humans obtain energy from three classes of fuel molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Which is the highly source of energy?
Carbohydrates are the nutrients most frequently used as an energy source (containing 4kcal per gram), as they are fast-acting and turn into energy as soon as they are ingested. This energy powers the brain and body. The energy that powers the brain and body is generated when carbohydrates are broken down.
Which of the following is the most concentrated source of energy quizlet?
fats are the most concentrated source of energy. Each gram of fat supplies the body with 9 calories.
What is the body's preferred source of energy quizlet?
For most body functions, carbohydrates are the body's preferred source of energy, or calories. Carbohydrates are converted into glucose, the body's main source of energy.
What is the body's main source of energy quizlet?
your body converts all carbohydrates to glucose ( which is a simple sugar that is the body's main source of energy).
Are a very concentrated source of energy and are the form in which energy is stored in the body?
Triacylglycerols are highly concentrated stores of metabolic energy because they are reduced and anhydrous.
What is the primary energy source during high intensity exercise?
Muscle glycogen is the primary CHO source during intense exercise. Glycogenn is a glycogen polymer of n glucose residues.
Which nutrient is the most concentrated energy source quizlet?
Fats provide the most concentrated form of energy but are a more expensive source of energy than carbohydrates.
Which food item is a rich source of protein quizlet?
Animal foods such as meat, fish, poultry, milk and eggs are rich in protein.
Which is the most concentrated source of energy in the body?
Fats are the most highly concentrated source of energy in the body. Fats are macronutrients that are the most highly concentrated source of energy in the body. Fats are essential diets and its molecules are usually composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Where does the body store most of its energy?
Our weight would double if we stored the same amount of energy as glycogen (plus the water that glycogen holds) that we store as body fat. Most of us have sufficient energy stores of fat (adipose tissue or body fat), plus the body readily converts and stores excess calories from any source (fat, carbohydrate, or protein) as body fat.
What kind of energy does the body need to function?
To sustain physical activity, however, cells must constantly replenish both CP and ATP. Our daily food choices resupply the potential energy, or fuel, that the body requires to continue to function normally. This energy takes three forms: carbohydrate, fat, and protein.
Why is carbohydrate the most efficient source of fuel?
Provides a highly efficient source of fuel—Because the body requires less oxygen to burn carbohydrate as compared to protein or fat, carbohydrate is considered the body's most efficient fuel source. Carbohydrate is increasingly vital during high-intensity exercise when the body cannot process enough oxygen to meet its needs.
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Dr Jen Cohen was born and raised in New York and did her undergraduate studies at Cornell University and then went on to medical school at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. She and her Emergency Medicine Physician Husband made the big decision to move to Los Angeles 19 years ago, where she did her residency in pediatrics at the Childrens Hospital Los Angeles. She then joined a private practice in the Los Angeles area and has practiced general pediatrics for the last 15 years. She recently transitioned to a new career as a Physician Advisor.
What Does a Physician Advisor Do?
"Physician advisors are involved in many areas, including patient quality and safety, billing status determinations, clinical documentation, patient length of stay, utilization management, and appeals. A physician advisor's typical day may consist of doing rounds with doctors in the morning, then meeting with case management teams for multidisciplinary rounds, all the while ensuring compliance and seeing that quality care is being provided and staff is communicating effectively. Physician advisors use their clinical skills daily, but they are not directly responsible for patient care.


Primarily thought of as the path or data line that carries information between two computers (or communication devices). It can be a physical pathway, such as coaxial cable; in wireless communications, it can refer to a specific carrier frequency. It is also thought of as a high-speed pathway (for example, fiber-optic) between a mainframe (or other high-end computer) and the control units of peripheral devices. For example, a 10 channel computer can transmit 10 separate streams of data to and from the CPU simultaneously. Additionally, a channel refers to a virtual area where IRC users communicate in real time. There are thousands of these channels located on the Internet.
A channel is also the term for an area on a Web site that contains information or content on a specific topic (mimicking the way television has sports channels and news channels, for example). It can be a ganglion of corporate alliances that form a network of multiple Web sites. Within the company, these sites are referred to as channels. For example, the women's network iVillage.com contains many channel Web sites. Finally, the term channel also describes the pathway through which a vendor communicates with and sells products to customers. These channels may include a direct sales force, distributors, resellers, retailers, telemarketers, catalogs, direct mail, e-mail, and the Web.


State and territory governments are responsible for child care licensing. This means that they develop a set of basic requirements that child care facilities must follow in order to legally operate.
The National Database of Child Care Licensing Regulations is a repository of state and territory licensing regulations and agency contact information. It is organized by State and allows users to access child care licensing regulations that apply to child care centers, family child care homes, school-age programs, and infant care programs, and other specialized programs.
Additional requirements for child care facilities may be in state statutes; administrative codes; or other local, state, or Federal laws not included in this database. Such information can be requested through the agency contact information provided.
Many early childhood programs are choosing to meet additional early childhood program standards to expand their services and access new funding streams. In addition to licensing regulations, website links are provided for other early childhood programs standards, such as Quality Rating and Improvements System standards, Prekindergarten program requirements, and state health and safety requirements for child care providers receiving payment from the federal Child Care and Development Fund.
This database was developed with funds from Grant #90TA0002-01-00 for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care and Office of Head Start, and the Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, by the National Center for Early Childhood Quality Assurance.


Offering uniquely hand crafted wines since 1998. Visit our sunny Corralitos Tasting Room overlooking the vines – picnic spots available, child and dog friendly. Well-behaved pets on leashes are always welcome – free dog biscuits on request and water dishes available! Voted "Best Local Winery" three years in a row.
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SEO or Search Engine Optimization is the sole most important factor that is responsible for the success of the website. What takes to go the FIRST PAGE of the search results is what these optimizations are necessary for. Lots of tools and techniques are employed to bring about the success.
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It is normally done using well researched information along with HTML optimization. Particularly, high quality content development with support from well researched information is what this method accounts for.
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When you are trying to find a SEO Seattle Company for yourself, these kinds of information come useful. Once you know certain basics it gets easier for you to choose plus you can wisely take a decision too!
It is always handy to know the basic stuff well so that you can properly judge your need and effectively use it. SEO Seattle Companies will let you find your path where you can search for success.
When you are trying to shine in this crowd, it is at the beginning where you have to work the most.


text:
Paros, Greece Weather and Climate
by citypopulationreview · Published June 16, 2020 · Updated August 24, 2021
Paros and Naxos are Greek islands in the Aegean Sea and belong to the popular island group of the Cyclades.
Both islands have less than 20,000 inhabitants, Paros is located west of Naxos and is about half the size. The two Cyclades islands are only separated from each other by a narrow strip of sea. In the middle of the island of Paros there are two peaks about 750 meters high.
Naxos is the largest island in the Cyclades. The Greek word kýklos means circle and describes the circular arrangement of the archipelago, which, depending on the definition and interpretation, between 12 and 20 islands. The outlying islands are appropriately grouped together as "scattered islands" (Sporades).
Besides Paros and Naxos, Mykonos, Santorin, Amorgos, Ios and Koufonissi are the most important "pearls of the Cyclades". Island hopping, i.e. the combination of several Greek islands, is not only possible in this region, it is also one of the preferred modes of travel.
Climate on Paros and Naxos
The climate in the Cyclades can be described as consistently Mediterranean. The summers on the islands in the Aegean Sea are usually very hot and very dry, while the winter tends to be rainy with mild temperatures. Compared to other regions of Greece, the winter in the Aegean is very mild at around 15 ° C, but sometimes heavy rainfall can occur.
Paros, Naxos and the other Cyclades islands are particularly affected by the Meltémi wind in summer, which begins after the almost windless month of May in the course of June and between July and August can cause a stiff breeze, especially in the afternoon. For bathing vacationers, these north winds make their stay very pleasant, as the intense heat is pleasantly softened.
Windsurfers and sailors especially love these weather conditions. As early as mid- April, the daytime temperatures regularly crack the 20 degree mark, it is mostly cloudless and sunny. But it wasn't until June that the average daytime temperatures reached 26 degrees and more. The Aegean reaches wonderful water temperatures between 22 and 25 degrees between the beginning of June and the end of October.
After sunset it can get fresher in the evening at any time of the year, but in midsummer the nighttime temperatures of around 22 degrees are perceived as very pleasant. Most of the precipitation falls between December and March, and between June and September you have to expect almost no rain in the Cyclades. We also offer detailed climate tables separately for Santorini and Mykonos.
When to go to Paros and Naxos?
Basically, summer is the ideal time for your Cyclades vacation. April is suitable for walks and relaxing days with good wine, delicious delicacies and the Mediterranean atmosphere. May already brings plenty of sunshine and the flora is in full bloom. In June there is perfect summer weather, although it is usually not too hot.
July and August are absolute midsummer and the main travel time in the Cyclades. The temperatures are high, and so are the overnight prices. September is an exciting month of transition, which is a little more volatile, but still quite suitable for bathing. In October the season on Paros and Naxos slowly ends, but the weather can still be very friendly on most days.
We recommend the months of June to the beginning of October as the best travel time for Paros and Naxos (Cyclades).
Temperatures, precipitation
Night temperature 9 ° C 9 ° C 10 ° C 12 ° C 15 ° C 19 ° C 22 ° C 22 ° C 20 ° C 17 ° C 13 ° C 11 ° C
Precipitation in mm 71 59 50 18 10 3 1 3 6 39 47 69
Sunset 17:25 18:00 18:25 19:55 20:20 20:40 20:40 20:15 7:30 p.m. 18:45 17:10 17:05
The annual average temperature is 17.7 ° C. For comparison: Munich reaches an average of 8.6 ° C, in Berlin it is 9.6 ° C. The warmest month is July (24.5 ° C), coldest month of January with mean values of 11.5 ° C. The maximum water temperature is 25 ° C. Comfortable bathing is possible at these temperatures. All but January, February, March and April have a water temperature of at least 17 ° C. Bathing is then possible to a limited extent. The months of June, July, August, September and October have a water temperature of at least 21 ° C and are therefore suitable for a beach holiday.
The annual precipitation is 376 mm. For comparison: In Munich, 967 mm, in Berlin 570 mm, precipitation is measured annually. There is no rainy season, i.e. months with more than 175 mm of precipitation. Snowfall is generally not expected in any month.
Highlights and attractions
The cities of Parikia and Naoussa are very popular in Paros. Naoussa on the north coast has an old fishing port and in Parikia, the capital on the west coast, there is the beautiful Panayia Ekatondapiliani Cathedral. On Naxos you will find the Kastro castle complex, a lovely old town, some Byzantine churches and the archaeological museum.
Island hopping is also very popular in the Cyclades, where you can go on holiday to several islands, as the distances are relatively short and there are reliable ferry connections. Paros is the region's transport hub, but most flights land on Mykonos or Santorini. The price level is comparatively high, although there are suitable accommodations for every budget.
Paros and Naxos weather in March, April and May
Average daily temperatures between 16 ° C and 22 ° C can be expected over the next three months. In Paros it gets warmest in May, but March is noticeably cooler.
Do you want to go on a beach holiday? The water temperatures are in March, April and May 16-19 ° C.
Tags: Greece
November Revolution Part I
Terschelling, Netherlands Weather and Climate
Entertainment and Attractions in Khibiny, Russia
by citypopulationreview · Published November 28, 2022 · Last modified November 30, 2022


A $504,000 grant will benefit the Dutchess County Airport in Wappingers Falls, Rep. Sean Patrick Maloney announced Friday.
The investment from the Department of Transportation will fund the replacement of the airport's airfield electrical vault.
The Dutchess County Airport has an annual economic impact of $44 million for the area, with 73,000 takeoffs and landings each year, according to Maloney's website.


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Customer satisfaction is the focus of Caliber Collision's Cathedral Valley, CA, location. With services including dent repair, auto glass repair, and painting, we are devoted to having you back driving your vehicle as soon as possible while we restore you back to the rhythm of your life®. Guaranteed by a written lifetime warranty, all of our work is performed with exceptional customer service and craftsmanship. Knowing we have customer satisfaction is what drives us, and we know that you will be satisfied with the results. During the collision repair process, we will supply you with continual status updates on your vehicle so you are informed as we transform it back to pre-accident condition.
At Caliber Coachella Valley, we are accessible to anyone in the greater Cathedral City area including La Quinta, Palm Desert, Palm Springs, and Rancho Mirage. We are family friendly, and our team is certified as a part of the Assured Performance Network. Our Caliber Coachella Valley team is here to provide whatever assistance your vehicle requires, and no job is too large or small for our team to handle.
Caliber Coachella Valley is committed to making a difference in our local community, and through our membership in the Chamber of Commerce, we are able to build and develop community relationships.
Here at Caliber Coachella Valley, we are ready to serve as your auto body repair center of choice, and thank you for entrusting your vehicle to us both today and for years to come. Simply call our Customer Service Center at 1.888.CALIBER (225-4237) to make an appointment or to leave your vehicle with us today!


text:
Baylor Maven
Maven Sports
HOOPS REVIEW: Lady Bears come back to top Arizona State
Kalani Brown played a vital role as Baylor went inside to control the game in a win over Arizona State on Sunday night in Window Rock, Arizona.Lauryn Amy photo
csconine
The Lady Bears battled back from an 11-point deficit in a hostile environment to claim a 65-59 victory over 23rd-ranked Arizona State on Sunday night in Window Rock, Arizona.
Arizona State jumped out to a 19-8 lead in the first quarter and held steady through halftime.
But the fourth-ranked Lady Bears (3-0) went to their strength in the second half, pounding the ball inside with their dominating frontcourt. Baylor center Kalani Brown and forward Lauren Cox each scored 12 second-half points. Forward NaLyssa Smith added two key baskets during the game's definitive 12-0 run that bridged the third and fourth quarters.
Smith made a jumper and a layup within 21 seconds of each other, putting Baylor in front 49-47 with 8:29 remaining in the fourth quarter. That was the Lady Bears' first lead since early in the first quarter.
Smith posted a double-double with 16 points and 11 rebounds, leading the Lady Bears in both categories.
Baylor 80, Southern 53: The Bears bounced back from a season-opening loss to Texas Southern by pounding Southern on Saturday at the Ferrell Center.
The Bears had a narrow 31-27 lead at halftime, then turned it on in the second half behind newcomer Devonte Bandoo. A junior guard who came to Baylor from Hutchinson (Kan.) Community College, Bandoo scored 16 points in the second half as he hit 3 of 5 3-pointers and 5 of 7 total shots from the field.
Freshman guard Matthew Mayer, who had a rough 0-for-8 shooting night in his Baylor debut on Tuesday, heated up in his second appearance. Mayer scored 12 points, buoyed by going 5 of 6 from the free-throw line. Forward Tristan Clark scored 17 points to give the Bears three players in double figures.
Lady Bears fly past Iowa State, 84-69
Chloe Jackson, Lauren Cox filled up stat sheet for Lady Bears.
INSTANT REACTION: Baylor stifles WVU, 79-47
No. 2 Lady Bears raced to a 20-point lead in second quarter, didn't look back.
INSTANT REACTION: Baylor downs No. 8 Tech, 73-62
Jared Butler hit big shots to fell Red Raiders.
Bears show fearlessness, grit in win over Oklahoma State
King McClure scored 29 points to propel Baylor to a 73-69 victory at Oklahoma State.
Kansas outlasts Bears, 73-68
Bears cut Jayhawks' 18-point lead to 4 in final 3 minutes, but comeback fell short.
Kansas roughing up Clark-less Bears
Baylor missed its first 15 shots from the field, Jayhawks took advantage and grabbed a 16-point first-half lead.
Makai Mason shoots Bears past Iowa State, 73-70
Bears stiff-arm Cyclones for first Big 12 win of this season.
HOOPS REVIEW: Lady Bears stay on a roll
Baylor women open Big 12 with road victory at Texas Tech, Bears fall at TCU.
Lady Bears topple No. 1 UConn, 68-57
Kalani Brown posted 22 points and 7 boards, Chloe Jackson added 11 points, 8 assists and 4 steals in win.
ESPN writer Michelle Voepel puts the focus on the Lady Bears posts to control the game against…
http://www.espn.com/womens-college-basketball/story/_/id/25673169/post-players-come-big-baylor-no-1-uconn


When art reaches out and touches someone, it can change their mood, thoughts and even their minds.
Dominic Pangborn experiences this first-hand when interacting with his Park West collectors, and hopes to draw on these themes as a special guest attending the oldest contemporary art biennial in Asia.
Pangborn has been invited to speak at the 11th annual Gwangju Biennale and Gwangju International Art Fair, a contemporary art event held Aug. 24 at the Asia Culture center in Gwangju, Korea.
According to the Biennale's website, the event was founded in 1995 in memory of the civil uprising of the 1980 repression of the Gwangju Democratization Movement. The event features contemporary art under a theme along with special guest exhibitions and performances.
Pangborn will be among the several hundred dignitaries, VIPs and artists from across the globe in attendance. He admits it will be very different from his usual presentations, such as speaking with his collectors at Park West Gallery events.
"A lot of government leaders who usually have nothing to do with art will gather for this, and of course there are artists from all over the world," he says.
"They want to include many artists and dignitaries from overseas, so I will be representing as an artist from overseas," Pangborn says.
Pangborn says he was amazed to learn about the history that inspired the event, known as the Gwangju Uprising. The uprising took place from May 18-27 in 1980, and was the result of citizens taking up arms when university students protesting the regime of General Chun Doo-Hwan were fired upon and beaten by government troops.
When asked about his speech, Pangborn said he wants to emphasize the connections between art and freedom.
Pangborn recognizes the significance of art's ability to communicate thanks in part to his childhood. He was adopted from Korea by a family in Michigan. With little knowledge of English, Pangborn turned to art as a way of expressing himself.
"One of the things I really enjoy about being an artist is that, from the time I started going to art school, the message I got was it opened my eyes to look at the world beyond art for the sake of your personal expressions, but how it can touch all sectors of life," he says.
Pangborn easily shifts between realism and the abstract, encompassing a wide variety of visuals and subjects in his evolutionary style. View Pangborn's art collection at Park West Gallery for more information.


text:
Quorum Participating in the Accelerated Growth Service in Atlantic Canada
wpengine2017-08-15T12:29:00-04:00August 15th, 2017|
CALGARY, ALBERTA–(Marketwired – Aug. 15, 2017) – Quorum Information Technologies Inc. (Quorum) (TSX VENTURE:QIS) announced today that it is participating in the Accelerated Growth Service (AGS) in Atlantic Canada. A key component of Canada's Innovation and Skills Plan, this initiative is being delivered in the region by the federal government, in partnership with the four Atlantic provinces. Participating companies have coordinated access to both federal and provincial growth support, including financing, in one stop.
The goal of the AGS is to accelerate business growth through a collaborative, client-focused service model. The service is expected to result in more Atlantic Canadian companies expanding, becoming more competitive, and creating high paying jobs in the Atlantic Canada communities they operate in.
"We are delighted to be part of the AGS program and we believe that it will be a more efficient way for us to work collaboratively with the government," said Maury Marks, Quorum's President and CEO, "with this program, Quorum is able to work with multiple government agencies through one representative to discuss our business plan and then collectively find government programs to support our plan. This allows Quorum to accelerate our marketing, sales, customer service and development efforts."
The AGS initiative coordinates government support for high growth companies in areas such as financing, advisory support, export and innovation services. Acting as a 'one-stop shop' model, each participating company has a designated AGS client lead supported by a team of one representative from each participating government department. The Accelerated Growth Service team, in partnership with the company, identifies growth challenges and works collaboratively to resolve these challenges. The team may also connect the company to other departments and organizations with programs specific to their needs.
More information can be found on the Government of Canada website at: https://www.canada.ca/en/atlantic-canada-opportunities/news/2017/01/backgrounder-accelerated-growth-service.html or at https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/062.nsf/eng/h_00009.html
About Quorum
Quorum is a North American company focused on developing, marketing, implementing and supporting its automotive dealership and customer management system, XSELLERATOR. Quorum offers the system to franchised, independent and some non-automotive dealerships in Canada and the United States. XSELLERATOR automates, integrates and streamlines every process across departments in a dealership. The system includes tools designed to maximize revenue opportunities for dealerships such as Customer Relationship Management and service inspection and quoting processes. Quorum is a Microsoft partner and XSELLERATOR is developed with modern mobile-enabled technology. Quorum Information Technologies Inc. is traded on the Toronto Venture Exchange (TSX-V) under the symbol QIS and in 2016 was selected to the TSX Venture 50®, an annual ranking of the strongest performing companies on the TSX Venture Exchange. For additional information please go to www.QuorumDMS.com.
Quorum Information Technologies Inc.
Maury Marks
MarksM@QuorumDMS.com
www.QuorumDMS.com


text:
Mike Pence & 'Mother' Now Homeless, Couch-surfing In Indiana
After moving out of the Vice-President's home, Mike Pence literally had no place to go, such was his committment to Trump.
By Ed Scarce — January 28, 2021
Imagine how big a schmuck you have to be to have lived in the Vice President's home on the Naval Observatory for four years, having lived in the Indiana Governor's mansion previously, and find yourself homeless because you had to kowtow to Trump's insane election fraud demands.
Source: The Grio
Word has it the former Second Family is staying at the Indiana governor's cabin or crashing with kinfolk back in their home state.
Former Vice President Mike Pence and his wife, Karen, are reportedly looking for a new home after their free, taxpayer-funded housing officially ended just over a week ago.
The story was originally shared by Business Insider but reposted to other outlets: Pence is reportedly staying at a cabin that Indiana Gov. Eric Holcomb uses as a retreat, while two other Indiana Republican insiders say that the former second-in-command and ex-Second Lady are staying with family.
And per the article from Business Insider,
"According to one source, the Pences are staying at the dolled-up cabin nearby that the Indiana governor uses as a retreat. If so, they'd need permission to spend the night from Pence's former lieutenant governor, who now serves as governor, Eric Holcomb," reported Tom LoBianco. "Two Republicans close to the Pences said they heard that the former second couple was staying at Pence's brother's place in Columbus. The one thing everyone is certain of is that when the Pences moved out of the vice president's residence at the US Naval Observatory in Washington, they had nowhere to go. The former second couple doesn't actually own a house."
And considering that MAGA now hates Pence, they're living dangerously.
"Republicans who spoke with Insider also said they wondered whether Pence and his team are closely guarding their new domicile because of the wave of death threats he faced just three weeks ago. The Trump-incited mob that stormed the Capitol earlier this month shouted that they wanted to hang Pence, and some of the people came within about 100 feet of confronting him and his family as they were hurried to a secure location in the Capitol."
Republicans close to former VP Mike Pence say they don't know where the former second couple is now living. Pence and his wife Karen haven't owned a home in a decade.https://t.co/7jdypnO2bX via @businessinsider @tomlobianco
— Elvina Nawaguna (@elvina_nawaguna) January 27, 2021
Good point here.
Maybe the Pences are just home-ophobic. pic.twitter.com/b7siphSm9b
— The Volatile Mermaid (@OhNoSheTwitnt) January 28, 2021
Homeless, indiana, Karen Pence, Mike Pence
Lady Gaga Tells Mike Pence To Look In The Mirror
John Amato — Jan 22nd, 2019
Karen Pence Lies About Mike's Mayo Mask
Frances Langum — Apr 30th, 2020
Karen Pence Claims Mike Was 'Unaware' Of Mayo Clinic's Mask Policy
John Amato — Apr 30th, 2020
Trump's Carrier Deal, The Deal That Wasn't
Ed Scarce — Jun 23rd, 2017
Meanwhile, Pence Loses Twice On Indiana Refugee Ban
Frances Langum — Oct 5th, 2016
Today's Press Conference: Pence Is Very, Very Upset About Media Misunderstanding
Susie Madrak — Mar 31st, 2015


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text:
F03D 80/00
Wind turbine with tower climatisation system using outside air
Adwen GmbH
Vestas Wind Systems A/S
European Patent Convention Art 100(b)
Sufficiency of disclosure - (yes)
Novelty - (yes)
Inventive step - (yes)
Reasons 3.2 on argument that claimed invention is insufficiently disclosed across whole breadth
I. The opponent appeals against the interlocutory decision of the Opposition Division of the European Patent Office posted on 17 September 2018 concerning maintenance of the European Patent No. 2568169 in amended form.
II. The opposition was based on the grounds of Articles 100(b) and 100(a) EPC in combination with lack of novelty and inventive step. In its written decision the Opposition Division held that the patent as amended according to the auxiliary request B met the requirements of the EPC, having regard in particular to the following documents:
D1: WO 2010/051815
D2: EP 1 736 665
D4: GB 2 253 478
D5: WO 2010/0308596
D7: EP 2589806
D8: US 2010/0133824
D9: CN 201714586U and its machine translation D9a
D10: US 6,439,832
D12: CN 201570345U and its machine translation D12a
The following documents were additionally cited in appeal:
D13: Blanchard et al: "The vertical distribution of the concentration of sea salt in the marine atmosphere near Hawaii", Tellus (1984), 36B, 118-125,
D14: Durstewitz et al: "Sea - Wind - Power, Research at the first German Offshore Wind farm Alpha Ventus", Springer Verlag, Germany, 2017
III. Oral proceedings were held on 17 May 2021 in the form of a videoconference.
IV. The appellant (opponent) requests that the decision under appeal be set aside, and that the European patent No. 2568169 be revoked.
V. The respondent (patent proprietor) requests that the appeal be dismissed, i.e. maintenance of the patent in the form held allowable by the Opposition Division. Alternatively the decision under appeal should be set aside and the patent be maintained with one of the Auxiliary requests I to VII, filed with the response to the grounds of appeal dated 21 May 2019.
VI. The main request is directed at the version upheld, with the apparatus claims as granted but the method claims deleted. Claim 1 according to this request reads as follows:
"A wind turbine (1) comprising:
- a tower (100), the tower having an upper part(4), a middle part (6) and a lower part (8), the lower and the middle part of the tower forming the base (9) of the tower;
- waste heat generating equipment (14) located in the middle part of the tower; and
- a cooling device (16) with at least one cooling device inlet (22) formed in the tower for introducing outside air (10) surrounding the tower into the tower;
wherein the cooling device (16) is adapted to guide the outside air from the or each cooling device inlet (22) into the lower part (8) of the tower such that the outside air can ascend towards the middle part and upper part of the tower while cooling the waste heat generating equipment (14), characterised in that the or each cooling device inlet (22) is located in the upper part (4) of the tower."
VII. The appellant argues as follows:
- The invention is not disclosed sufficiently over its whole scope, given that the air intake can be positioned quite low according to the claim.
- The subject-matter of claim 1 lacks novelty in respect of either one of the disclosures D5, D6, D7, D9 or D12.
- Starting from either D12 or D8, the skilled person would provide a cooling device inlet that is located in the upper part of the tower based on their common general knowledge as illustrated in D13 or D14, or use this knowledge to provide an air inlet higher up in the tower as disclosed in either D1, D2 or D10.
VIII. The respondent argues as follows:
- The patent provides sufficient information on how the location of each of the upper, middle and lower part of the tower is to be interpreted.
- The subject-matter of claim 1 is novel in respect of any one of the disclosures D5, D6, D7, D9 or D12.
- Starting from either D12 or D8, the skilled person would not find any incentive based on their common general knowledge as illustrated in D13 or D14, or from any of D1, D2 or D10 to locate an air inlet higher up in a wind turbine tower.
2. Background and claim interpretation
2.1 The patent is concerned with a wind turbine with a cooling device using outside air. In particular for marine environments, a cooling device is proposed that remains simple, cheap and which has a low energy
consumption (paragraph 008).
2.2 The solution as defined in claim 1 relies on the following architecture and operation of the cooling device within the wind turbine tower. The tower has an upper part, a middle part and a lower part. The cooling device guides the outside air from at least one inlet, located in an upper part of the tower, into the lower part of the tower. The outside air can then ascend towards the middle part and cool the waste heat
generating equipment located in that middle part; afterwards it continues to ascend to the upper part of the tower.
2.3 According to the established case law, see for example the Case Law of the Boards of Appeal, 9th edition, 2019 (CLBA) II.A.6.1, the skilled person should try, with synthetical propensity, i.e. building up rather than tearing down, to arrive at an interpretation of the claim which is technically sensible and takes into account the whole disclosure of the patent. Reading the claims thus, with their mind willing to understand and making technical sense of the claimed invention and the problem it sets out to solve, the skilled person gives the relative terms upper, middle and lower parts" used in the claim to define parts of the wind turbine tower a meaning compatible with the scale of a wind turbine tower that they define and which is also technically meaningful in the light of the problem that can be inferred from paragraphs 0002, 0008 and and 0011, namely to provide a simple and cheap way of cooling the inside of a wind turbine tower using outside air without elaborate air treatment, such as would be necessary at marine locations. The claim already requires that the heat generating equipment is located in the middle part, so that the middle part is clearly a substantial chunk of the tower structure big enough to accommodate such equipment, which is understood to include the turbine transformers. Likewise, it can be inferred by a reasonable mind from the wording of the claim, which requires the outside air to be guided into the lower part of the tower (implying it is hollow) such that it can ascend to the middle part, that the lower part of the tower is also a substantial chunk of the tower structure below the middle part. Consequently, in that reasonable reading of the claim the heat generating equipment (in the middle part) is at a significantly elevated position within the tower, well above the bottom floor of the tower. Likewise the air inlet, located in the upper part above middle and lower parts will be located even higher and thus high above the level at which outside air quality is poor.
This understanding is not contradicted by the claim (as also repeated in paragraph 0021) defining the lower and the middle part to form the base of the tower. A reasonable mind infers from this rather that the upper part constitutes an even more substantial chunk of the tower, larger than the two other parts, representing (by way of example) maybe half or more of the total tower height.
On the scale of modern day wind turbine towers which measure between 60 and 100 meters height (e.g. paragraph 011 "around 100 meters") corresponding to a 15 to 25-storey building, these substantial chunks will in a reasonable reading lead to sizes in the order of storeys. Such an understanding fits well within the context of the broader disclosure, and the problem addressed by the invention. Thus in specification paragraph 0022 read in conjunction with paragraph 019 of the patent the upper part of the tower is located above the sea spray zone that is at a height of at least 30 meters (about 7 storeys).
2.4 Consequently, and contrary to the appellant's opinion each of the lower and middle part of the wind turbine tower that according to claim 1 form the base of the tower has a substantial size commensurate with the tower's height.
3. Sufficiency of disclosure - Article 100(b) EPC
3.1 The contention of lack of sufficiency of disclosure concerns the expression "upper part of the tower" that according to paragraph 022 of the patent is defined as the part of the tower located above the sea spray zone. The appellant argues that the claim is neither limited to an offshore wind turbine nor is the dimension of the lower and upper parts limited to a minimum size or height. The scope of claim 1 thus covers embodiments where the inlet is located quite low above sea level and therefore unable to achieve the technical effect of drawing outside air with a low water and salt content as explained in paragraphs 008 to 010 of the patent.
3.2 This argument fails to convince the Board, not least because it misapplies case law developed in the field of chemistry, where a claimed invention resides in a compositional range or other range of values but the associated effect may not be proven or plausible for large parts of that range, to a claimed invention in the mechanical field, even if it claims no ranges. By its very nature a claim in this field, which - often in functional or other generic terms - attempts to capture the essence of some concrete machine or mechanical structure (or its operation), is schematic allowing for some breadth of interpretation. It may be that on clever construction subject-matter can be found to be covered within that breadth that may not solve the problem or achieve the desired effect. However, this is normally not an issue of lack of disclosure, but rather of claim construction. Whether claims, description and figures provide the skilled person with sufficient information to carry out an invention, is a purely technical question, that is separate from that of what reasonably falls within the ambit of claim wording. In the Board's view if the skilled person upon consideration of the entire disclosure possibly using common general knowledge can infer what will and what will not work, a claimed invention is sufficiently disclosed, even if a broad construction might also encompass what doesn't work. Indeed that inference from the whole disclosure might lead to a more limited construction of the claim.
3.3 In the present cases the Board has no doubt whatsoever, that the skilled person, intent on making technical sense of the claim in the broader context of the whole disclosure, easily infers from it the basic, simple idea of the invention, which is to raise the air inlet in the tower above an already raised position of the heat generating equipment. Insofar as the skilled person when putting the claimed invention needs any further practical guidance the patent description and figures provide them with ample detail. In figure 2 for example, read in conjunction with paragraph 0019, the inlet is provided above the spray zone Z which is of the order of 30 m above sea level. This is an exemplary value on the basis of which a person skilled in wind turbine design can find other workable heights depending on the known local climatic conditions of the installation, using routine measures. Using the content of the disclosure of the patent, in particular paragraph 0022 as submitted, the skilled person is able to directly recognise lower locations of the inlet that do not permit air intake with a low enough salt content. They would exclude such embodiments as they obviously would not achieve the sought effect. In particular they would disregard upper part that are placed much lower than 30 meters above sea lever where sea spray can be expected, or where the salt content of outside air is expected to be in excess.
3.4 The Board thus confirms the Opposition Division's positive assessment of sufficiency, Article 100(b) EPC.
4. Main request - Novelty
4.1 Based on their broad interpretation of the terms "upper part, middle part and lower part" the appellant has in particular submitted that the disclosures of either one of D12/D12a, D5, D6, D7 or D9 would fall within the scope of claim 1.
4.2 D12/D12a discloses the lower part of a wind turbine. Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of what the skilled person interprets as the base portion of a wind tower, with, see paragraphs 0021 and 0022 of D12a, a bottom transformer chamber 41 accommodating a transformer 4 shown on an otherwise unreferenced base or pedestal on the bottom floor of the tower. Air entering somewhere from an undisclosed location above the cut out section leads to the chamber via duct 6 and reaches the second fan 5 with its outlet 52 located at about the same level as the transformer.
The transformer may be raised on a pedestal, yet the skilled person would not reasonably consider it to be located within a middle part of the tower in the sense of claim 1 as discussed above. Thus, they would not recognize the transformer as being substantially elevated within the tower. In their reading of D12/D12a both the second fan 5 and the transformer 4 are located in the same transformer chamber located in the same lowermost part of the wind turbine tower. Therefore in D12/D12a the air is not guided into a lower part and caused to ascend towards a middle part containing the waste heat equipment as required by claim 1.
4.3 In D5, see figure 5, the transformer 22 within a closed housing 61 is likewise positioned on a pedestal or base on the bottom floor at the foot of the tower (see also paragraph 0049). Outside air is guided from air passage openings 6, 7 in order to ventilate the inner space of tower 2 (paragraph 0050) and cool the transformer 22 provided in the foot of tower 2.
Contrary to the appellant's opinion, even if cooling air does circulate within the space visible underneath the transformer 22, the corresponding very limited section of the tower is not (in the skilled person's eyes) a substantial part of tower, such that they would conclude that the transformer is at a significantly elevated position within the tower.
4.4 D6 discloses a similar location for the transformer in a transformer guard housing 10 (see figure 2). The guard housing has an internal channel 20 guiding cooling air from a higher inlet supply box 24 to the housing below it and to the transformer 28 within (page 6, lines 29-34, page 7, bottom paragraph, figure 3).
In the Board's view even if the guard house includes space below the transformer, the same comments as for D5 apply. Thus, a corresponding section of the tower would not qualify as a lower part of the tower in the sense of the claim, and the skilled person would not consider the transformer to be significantly elevated within the tower.
4.5 The Board is furthermore unconvinced that the other disclosures cited against novelty disclose all the features of claim 1. In its communication in preparation for the oral proceedings, see section 5, the Board gave the following provisional opinion on these further attacks:
"In D7, the seventh and eighth embodiments of figure 18 depict the whole wind turbine tower. A cooling structure G is disclosed guiding air into a double cylindrical structure of the wall (paragraph 069). The heat-generating electrical equipment 14 ([080]) is depicted on the ground surface 2. Whether the introducing vent 21 is in the upper tower portion is far from clear. Although claim 1 defines the lower and middle part of the tower to form the base of the tower, the skilled person making technical sense of the claim would not consider the equipment 14 to be situated in an intermediate part above a lower part of the tower.
- D9/D9a discloses an offshore wind power generation system. According to paragraph 032, the waste heat generating equipment is composed of the transformer 42, high and low voltage cabinet 43 and a control cabinet 44. As illustrated in figure 2, a cooling air inlet with filter 41 is depicted to be on about the same height as the transformer. Paragraph 0032 has the transformer located in the "bottommost portion of the tower drum", so that the inlet, shown in figure 2 at the same location, is not in the upper part as required by the characterising feature of claim 1.
In conclusion, the subject-matter of claim 1 appears novel over the cited prior art as held in the decision under appeal."
4.5.1 As the appellant did not provide any further arguments on these particular lines of attack, the Board does not see any reason to depart from its provisional assessment.
4.6 The Board thus confirms the Opposition Division's positive assessment of novelty.
5.1 Inventive step is challenged starting from D12/D12a.
In addition to the differences identified above in relation to novelty, D12/D12a does not provide a clear teaching as to the location of the air inlet. Even if the duct 6 extends from an upward location from the portion of the tower depicted in Figure 2, the exact location of the air inlet is not directly and unambiguously derivable from D12/D12a. Thus the subject-matter of claim 1 differs also from the disclosure of D12/D12a by its characterising feature that the or each cooling device inlet is located in the upper part of the tower.
5.2 As explained in paragraph 008 of the patent such an upper location for an air inlet is in particular beneficial for marine environments in that it allows to draw in air with low water and salt content, with associated advantages, namely that the air does not need to be treated before it can be used for cooling (see paragraph 008 and 010).
5.2.1 Contrary to the appellant's opinion, the fact that claim 1 does not specify the wind turbine being offshore does not render the low water and salt content irrelevant for assessing the technical advantages associated with an upper location of the air inlet. The Board rather concurs with the respondent that an onshore wind turbine might also be exposed to waves, if located on the coastline, for example on an island or when arranged on land close to the sea. It is also envisageable that even in more inland locations due to poor or damp air quality close to ground level a location higher up on the tower would have a similar beneficial effect. Thus, the technical advantage of a location higher up on the tower is not limited to offshore towers.
5.2.2 Therefore the Board cannot follow the formulation of technical problem suggested by the appellant to merely find a suitable or alternative location for the inlet undisclosed in D12/D12a. Instead it regards the objective problem based on the above effect as improving quality of the cooling air used in the cooling device of a wind turbine.
5.3 The skilled person seeking improvement for the cooling device of a wind turbine is a practitioner qualified in the field of wind turbines such as an engineer specializing in wind turbine construction and operation. Though it is true that the manufacture of wind turbines may bring together different fields of expertise such as civil engineering for the structure, electric systems for the transformer and air conditioning for the cooling circuit, the Board is not convinced that in designing a cooling device in that field the skilled person or team would necessarily seek advice from a meteorological scientist. The problem-solution approach is rather meant to emulate the real-world process of technological development. Therefore the skilled person should have a solid basis in the real world. Rather than constituting a highly qualified team including specialised scientists, this team is expected to possess basic knowledge in the relevant fields of wind turbines, but not more than that.
5.4 The Board cannot follow the appellant in its assumption, in a first line of argument, that the skilled person even as a team would inevitably propose to locate the inlet of the second air duct 6 of D12 in an upper location, because they would know from their common general knowledge that sea salt concentration decreases with height. D13 and D14 are provided as evidence. However, D13, which concerns the vertical distribution of the concentration of sea salt in the marine atmosphere near Hawaii, published by the Atmospheric Sciences Research Center is a scientific paper. Such a document is not normally considered evidence of common general knowledge, which is usually found in basic handbooks, monographs, encyclopedia, textbooks and reference books in the relevant fields (cf. CLBA, 9th edition 2019, I.C.2.8.1, 2.8.3). D13, which reports a single study, is rather directed at a select, specialist readership, which decidedly does not include the average wind turbine builder or designer or air conditioning engineer.
Irrespective of the question of its admission into the proceedings D14 is also not suitable to prove common general knowledge.
As with D13, D14 is not a handbook or textbook or other publication documenting long and well established, prevailing knowledge in the field. It rather concerns research at a particular wind farm (Alpha Ventus) covering a variety of aspects of wind turbine technology. It thus presents the results of typical research and development effort, which could be and possibly is the subject of one or more patents. However pertinent the relevant citation (chapter 11, page 96, right hand column first two sentences of the second paragraph) is thus specialist knowledge in the current field, unfortunately published after the filing date of the patent in suit as acknowledged by the appellant, and thus not prior art.
5.4.1 Therefore, contrary to the appellant's submission neither D13 nor D14 provide suitable evidence of the concentration of sea salt gradient as a function of altitude that a skilled technician in the field of wind turbine construction would be expected to know. Otherwise the Board has no reason to believe it would be common knowledge that the concentration of sea salt decreases to such an extent that the quality of intake air in an upper location of a wind turbine is sufficiently free of salt. Consequently, the skilled person would not have arrived at the claimed upper location of the inlet based on their own common general knowledge.
5.5 In a further line of argument D1, D2 or D10 have been submitted as teaching the claimed solution.
5.5.1 D10 has been particularly referred to as it discloses an offshore type wind turbine with a tower in which a device for preventing the penetration of salt particles into the generator and gear area is provided. In the vicinity of the generator and gear, an air inlet 10 is foreseen, to which depositing or settling hoses 12 are connected, that are located in the tower interior. A first hose connects the intake to depositing tank 14 close to the base, at the bottom of the tower. Lines 50 to 52 of column 2 explain that due to the long vertical path particles are collected into that lowermost tank so that air ascending in the second hose to the filter 16 close to the nacelle only contains light particles. This system of hoses and settling tank upstream of the filter thus effects a certain degree of separation of heavy particles of salt water.
In the nacelle the penetration of salt particles is avoided by maintaining a degree of overpressure in the generator and gear area using the further filter device 16 and compressor 18 located upwards from the depositing tank (column 2, lines 45-49).
The recognition in column 1, lines 23-27 relied upon by the appellant that salt containing air may be detrimental is not related to the specific location of the air inlet 10 in a higher part of the tower on its downwind side (column 2, lines 35-37). Rather, the whole device including inlet, hoses settling tank, filter and compressor form a complete concept to trap saline water in the lower part of this closed circuit. The dehumidified and salt free air then serves to maintain a slight overpressure in the nacelle thereby preventing outside corrosive humid air from directly entering the nacelle where corrosion sensitive components are accommodated. Furthermore, to prevent outside air entering the nacelle at such a height also implies that the teaching of D10 considers outside air at the height of the nacelle as detrimental because of its salt content, against the teaching required to arrive at the solution of claim 1 that at higher position the air is sufficiently free of saline droplets. Hence the skilled person would not immediately recognise from D10 any benefit in locating an inlet at any height just below the nacelle.
5.5.2 D1 discloses a dehumidifying device for a wind turbine power plant placed a few meters above ground level, higher up in the tower or in the nacelle (page 9, lines 25-30). The air supply conduit 10 feeds the dehumidifying device with ambient air (page 10, lines 27-29). The dehumidifying device 4 comprises dehumidifying means 5 removing moisture from a mixture of ambient air from the intake conduit 10 and air 6 from inside the tower. A portion A of this mixture is exhausted as dehumidified air to the tower (page 11, lines 16-22), and moisture transferred to a portion B that is then exhausted from the tower. Thus this teaching is directed at a specific dehumidifying arrangement that is separate from any tower cooling equipment. D1 also fails to explain any particular advantage for selecting the location of the intake to that dehumidifying pack higher up in the tower, let alone that this is connected to better air quality.
5.5.3 D2 contains a similar teaching for an air inlet to a an adsorption dehumidifier ("Adsorptionsentfeuchter" 50) located within the tower of an offshore wind turbine (paragraph 048). The inlet ("Eingang" 51) is located as shown in figure 4 close to the nacelle and serves to guide fresh air to the dehumidifier that is then exhausted through an outlet 52. According to paragraph 048, lines 48-51, this airflow forms a regeneration airflow ("Regenerationsluftstrom") that is substantially separate from the process airflow ("Prozessluftstrom") within the tower (humid air from the tower entering via internal inlet 53 ("Feuchtlufteingang") and exiting via dry air outlet 54 ("Trockenluftausgang"). Thus similar to D1, the outside air inlet 51 forms part of a dehumidifying arrangement, that is separate from the inner cooling circuit (paragraph 048, lines 48-51). As in D1 no advantage in relation to the raised location of the air inlet is identified, let alone that this would be related to better air quality.
5.5.4 It follows that none of the above documents provides any teaching that might motivate the skilled person to consider an upper location for the air intake of a cooling circuit or that an upper air intake is generally associated with better air quality. Thus, even if these documents could have been cited as indicative of common general knowledge - as patent publications they cannot - they fail to provide a teaching that might have led the skilled person to the claimed invention.
5.6 Inventive step is also challenged starting from D8 considered again in combination with D1, D2 or D10. D8 discloses a system for cooling a wind turbine tower 12 that is divided into separate stacked segments divided by platforms 32, each including an airflow passage so that internal air 20 may move through the platforms 32. An air handling component 24 (e.g. fan 26) establishes a recirculating airstream of internal air 20 (paragraphs 021, 022). Heat generating control and power electronics 16 are located at the base of the tower (paragraph 0019), though a location in the nacelle is also considered (paragraph 0020). An external air flow regulator 36 is provided to control access of external air 22 (paragraph 36), which enters at the level of the control and power electronics 16 at the bottom of the tower, as shown in figure 2.
The subject-matter of claim 1 thus differs from the disclosure of D8 by the location of the air inlet in an upper part of the tower above the heat generating equipment in the middle part (and thus significantly raised within the tower). In the Board's view D8 offers an even less promising starting point as D12/D12a because the external air is drawn from the base of the wind turbine tower at bottom of the tower. Otherwise the same conclusions reached above for the combination of D12/D12a with D1,D2 and D10 or common general knowledge apply to D8 mutatis mutandis.
5.7 None of the challenges against inventive step succeeds. The Board concludes, therefore, that, in the light of the prior art cited, the subject-matter of claim 1 as upheld corresponding to claim 1 as granted involves an inventive step within the meaning of Article 56 EPC.
6. The Board thus confirms the Opposition Division's decision that, considering the amendments made to the patent according to the main request, the patent and the invention to which it relates meet the requirements of the EPC, and that therefore the patent can be maintained as amended, Art 101 (3)(a) EPC.
The appeal is dismissed.


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