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How do you think about the impacts of education research? In terms of potential societal benefits? Benefits in individuals' lives? Particular types of outcomes, e.g., student engagement or learning?
How do we measure impact? In terms of changes in resources that are produced, participation levels, aspects of instructional practices, student performance, or diversity in the STEM pipeline and workforce?
How do we improve the impact of K-12 STEM education research? Working in closer collaboration with educators and other stakeholders? Increased dialogue with policy-makers? Designing research for experimental testing? Identifying critical features for adaptation of models, technologies, systems, etc. to specific contexts?
We invite you to think about these issues of education research impact when viewing CADRE's video featuring Christine Cunningham (Museum of Science), Kathy Perkins (University of Colorado, Boulder), Vikram Kapila (NYU), and Cory Forbes (University of Nebraska-Lincoln) who talk about the impacts their NSF-funded projects have had on students and teachers.
Their project work was funded through the DRK-12 program at NSF. The Discovery Research PreK-12 program (DRK-12) seeks to significantly enhance the learning and teaching of science, technology, engineering, mathematics and computer science (STEM) by preK-12 students and teachers, through research and development of STEM education innovations and approaches.
CADRE, the DRK-12 program resource center supports and connects researchers, educators, and others committed to improving preK-12 STEM education. We invite you to visit cadrek12.org and our STEM Smart website to learn about STEM education research and products through project spotlights, briefs on key STEM education topics, exemplary STEM education programs, and other resources such as our dissemination toolkit.
May 13, 2018 | 09:09 p.m.
Thank you for visiting the CADRE video. With this video we are hoping to bring a new kind of discussion to the video showcase. The video is not about one project's work. It is about all of our work to improve education through research. The video is meant to foster discussion about different approaches to having a broad impact. What are these approaches? How are we making impacts? With whom? And how do we know we are making an impact? What new approaches are needed? We invite you to respond to these questions.
May 14, 2018 | 12:59 p.m.
Catherine, you certainly have a big impact in terms of numbers. I have used some of these resources myself and found them to be "one of a kind" that help me support learning. What have you learned about scaling up in terms of how you market these resources, make them available, innovate on them based on user input?
Mark, as you note, disseminating resources is one of the ways that we (the DRK-12 resource network) try to increase our impact and that of research funded through NSF's DRK-12 program. We continue to learn how important it is to involve the user group in development from the outset. For all of our efforts, we start by assessing need and interest in a process and/or product. In response, we set off on an iterative process of development, testing, and refining. We have used this process for continuous improvement of long standing efforts such as our early career development program and the STEM Smart initiative, as well as for the development of products that come out of efforts such as those. We mine information about how, when, and through what means resources and information are accessed to refine our knowledge about user needs and interests, but we are still looking for better ways to understand how those resources and information are being used by those outside of our immediate network.
Working in partnership with folks across the education system is key too. Others (including DRK-12 projects) are using approaches such as ongoing research and practice partnerships. We would love to hear more from these projects as well as those using other approaches, and how folks are collecting evidence of impact.
Yes, very inspirational stories of the successful dissemination of NSF funded research to achieve broader impacts! I know that there is often a tension between achieving wide dissemination and maintaining sufficient fidelity of implementation to ensure that the intervention continues to function as originally designed. I'm wondering how the projects highlighted have grappled with this dilemma as they scale up their efforts and if they've been able to study the conditions under which interventions can successfully scale, such as the comment in the video about the advantages of interventions delivered online? Also welcome would be any advice or lessons learned on how these projects have been able to reach millions of students!
May 14, 2018 | 05:39 p.m.
I lead one of the projects featured in the video, Engineering is Elementary. We've had many team discussions about fidelity/integrity of implementation. One of which is: (how) does it matter for outcomes? Our current DRK12 project, an efficacy project with hundreds of teachers, is taking a glimpse at this facet--we are asking teachers to report what they have done that aligns with our lessons but also what they have adapted to better suit their needs. We also are audio and videotaping a subset of the lessons. We're looking at how these issues affect student outcomes related to engineering and science knowledge, as well as attitudes. We are crunching the data now!
Our initial field testing of our curricular materials (in about 60 very diverse classrooms) was designed to help us create materials that could scale in a range of conditions. So far, such robust testing in difficult (under-resourced) environments, seems to have helped us distill a set of materials that can be used by teachers in their classrooms as they exist today. In our curricular development we have tried to walk the line between helping teachers to innovate and introduce new practices in their classrooms while keeping the realities of classroom life in mind (large classes, no time, extremely diverse classrooms etc etc). It'd be interested in hearing whether and how others straddle these two dimensions.
Having seen some of these projects at their very beginnings, it is incredible to hear of their very significant impacts. For materials development and dissemination, quantitative results are impressive. BUT for the DRK-12 projects focused on professional development for strategies, can I assume it is still more difficult to identify impacts? What are some successful measures?
May 14, 2018 | 04:04 p.m.
Barbara, the challenge of identifying impacts of professional development (PD) strategies and programs is persistent and has been the focus of several recent CADRE activities. Over the last year, CADRE led efforts to characterize, advance, and promote research and development around online and blended PD strategies in the DRK-12 portfolio. For example, in a 2017 survey of active projects focused on online or blended PD, fifteen awardees provided information about the outcomes measured as part of their research. All 15 were measuring teacher outcomes, with changes in (1) instructional practice (N=12), (2) attitudes/beliefs (N=9), (3) implementation of project-developed materials (N=9), and (4) pedagogical content knowledge being the most common. Eleven of the 15 were measuring student outcomes, with changes in (1) student achievement/performance (N=9) and attitudes/beliefs (N=3) being the most common. For more information on the instruments that DRK-12 projects have used, see CADRE's Compendia of Research Instruments for teacher (Part I) and student (Part II) outcomes.
In addition, twelve projects recently shared shared emerging findings related to their online or blended PD strategies at the 2018 AERA PI Meeting as part of a structured poster session. The posters, which characterize their research and initial findings (in some cases including impacts), are accessible in a virtual poster hall on cadrek12.org.
We invite others who are examining the impacts of professional development strategies in their project work to offer their perspectives and insights around this challenge!
May 18, 2018 | 03:32 p.m.
Visit the DRK-12 video page, Impact of a Teacher-Led Early Algebra Intervention (PI: Maria Blanton), for a discussion of evidence of the impact of a professional development effort.
May 15, 2018 | 01:00 a.m.
We are currently revising an article that includes analyses of the entire data set.
Borko, H., Jacobs, J., Koellner, K., & Swackhamer, L. (2015). Mathematics professional development: Improving teaching using the Problem-Solving Cycle and Leadership Preparation models. New York: Teachers College Press.
I agree that it's more difficult to identify the impacts of projects focused on professional development. As Amy pointed out, we are making progress in developing measurement tools and identifying outcomes, in large part because of DRK-12 funding and CADRE efforts. I also look forward to reading about other projects' experiences and insights!
As a prior state education department member, I am particularly interested in how we facilitate the dissemination of effective strategies and programs to educators and leaders across the K-12 system. The work CADRE is doing to coordinate across federally funded projects and support dissemination is an excellent step in making such work from the research community more systemic and readily available to the practitioner community. As a project advisor for CADRE I am grateful for the work Catherine, Amy, and all the staff are undertaking to disseminate to a wide audience.
With that said, I am interested in hearing from educators, leaders, and policy makers about what how findings and products from the research community would be most useful for your work. Is it the actual products that are developed that have the potential to be taken up in your school, district, or state? Is it the broader strategies or findings that you could apply to your own program development? Or might it be a process that you can employ as you review or build STEM programs?
Hello, Katherine and colleagues. It's incredible that you've been able to reach so many students and teachers. What do you envision as next steps for your work? Have you investigated the longitudinal impact of Engineering is Elementary on students' interest in engineering specifically and STEM fields in general?
EiE is working on a number of exciting ways that we can reach more students. We have just finished development of Wee Engineer, a curriculum for preschool engineering, and EiE-K, a curriculum for kindergarten. These are in production but will be available in early fall. We are starting to discuss research projects to study facets of these with external researchers.
In terms of our impact, we have looked at children's interest in engineering and in science and find those increase after engaging with one of our units (these data are from only one year, we have not been able to track students longitudinally). We have also measured students' engineering and science understanding and those both increase as a results of engaging in engineering design challenges.
May 15, 2018 | 09:39 p.m.
Jake's comments brought back an idea I've been thinking about for a while. It is not a long term or systemic solution, but it could lead to some short and mid-term improvements in STEM education. So much of all of our dissemination efforts focus on awareness building - building familiarity and knowledge of practitioners, policy makers, education leaders, researchers and others. While there have been resources for this type of dissemination centers/networks/etc., in the recent past, there have not been resources set aside for states, districts or schools, who would like to move beyond awareness to initiate planning or early implementation efforts. Is this something worth pursuing with foundations, corporations, or government agencies?
May 16, 2018 | 11:22 a.m.
Given that there are funds under ESSA that could be focused on STEM, it would be great to share both the research data from CADRE and the contacts for researchers with STEM leaders in SEAs and LEAs. At the local level, teachers and administrators are going to need guidance and resources to help them use funds wisely. We all need to keep the pressure on the urgency for STEM curricula and instructional materials, professional development, teacher training and support, especially when funds are so competitive at the local level. Also critical will be to educate policymakers and the administration at the federal level on the importance of foundational STEM in K-12 as policies are being written for career and technical education. While we know the importance of having a well skilled workforce, we also know how easily resources and time for science, especially, and math can be marginalized if we don't participate in and steer the conversation.
May 17, 2018 | 12:14 p.m.
Judi, CADRE recently hosted a webinar that included tips for those meeting with policymakers. It may be helpful for anyone who is interested in making informative visits about STEM education and research.
May 17, 2018 | 12:59 p.m.
Thanks for the update Catherine. I am on the Board of the STEM Education Coalition and would recommend it as another source for your site.
There are excellent resources at www.stemedcoalition.org to help folks working with policymakers... current updates on the federal STEM legislative and policy agenda as well as a growing list of resources for state policy work. Information on membership is also available on the site.
I appreciate both the video and the questions posed regarding the impact of education research and the question of "who" is actually benefiting from it. I think these are critical questions that all researchers should consider when designing and implementing their studies, particularly when it comes to developing and testing new technologies, practices, and programs. From personal experience, I've seen some great ideas that bring about a promise for a substantial impact that meets a lot of structural and systematic barriers that often reduce the level of impact or the potential of the project. I wonder how people are accounting for those structural and systematic barriers that occur. One prime example for such would be implementing new technologies or practices without formal professional development for the teachers or considering the actual infrastructure of the school to support and sustain those technologies and programs.
More often than not, when we run into these types of barriers, we find great ideas that are either implemented or scaled to districts and sites that have the resources to support them leaving those underresourced without the opportunity. Or, those same ideas only last for the intermittent period of the research grant, which again leaves those underresourced without the opportunity. In our efforts of promoting "STEM for All," I cannot help but wonder if we are truly fulfilling this mantra, or if we are promoting a "STEM for All, but with specific conditions."
How did you (are you) accounting for institutional and systematic barriers? Were these a part of the conversation during the planning phase or did they come about after initiating the project? In facing those barriers, who (which demographic of students, teachers, etc.) were most detrimentally affected and how are you accounting for it?
May 18, 2018 | 03:06 p.m.
You have brought up very important points. Many DRK-12 projects are addressing systemic issues and approaches. For example, you might read the discussion on Ellen Meier's video page about work in the NYC public schools.
May 17, 2018 | 06:19 p.m.
A few delayed responses. To Amy and Hilda, sounds like there has been a lot of progress and I look forward to reading the articles and reports you cited. To Judi and Jake, it seems like there may be some opportunities on the horizon.
May 18, 2018 | 01:29 p.m.
As a former science teacher and now an instructional coach I enjoyed both the video and the questions posed about the impact of education research, who is actually benefiting from it, and which professional development strategies are most impactful.
Resources set aside for states, districts or schools, who would like to move beyond awareness to initiate planning or early implementation efforts might be a way to provide the support needed for schools/teachers in a manner that would free teachers from "building the plane" while they are flying it. I wonder if this would help teachers develop a deeper, thoughtful understanding of how to implement effective STEM learning.
Great to hear from you, and to have an educator's point of view. Thank you for pointing out the importance of finding ways to make research come alive for teachers, and to translate the abstract into the concrete, A wise educator once said to me, "...while teachers are aware of STEM teaching and research, they can't implement it because many have never seen it in action. They can't do what they haven't observed. <They need more> modeling in classes. As a result, the teachers might know the education research, might even know materials or programs that they could use, but trying to change their practice alone in classes is tough."
May 19, 2018 | 11:52 p.m.
In our Doing the Math with Pareducators project, we found that our group of paras did not have experience thinking about math as sense-making. A goal of our PD was to provide them with opportunities to think, reason, and make sense instead of relying on procedures. At the same time, our PD featured activities that they need to teach to their students. They were able to make connections between the way they solved math problems in our PD to the strategies their students were using.
May 18, 2018 | 09:58 p.m.
May 19, 2018 | 07:27 p.m.
Thank you, Catherine, for noting our project's interest in systemic approaches for introducing STEM to schools!
And thank you, Terrell, for your thoughtful query: How did you (are you) accounting for institutional and systematic barriers? Were these a part of the conversation during the planning phase or did they come about after initiating the project? In facing those barriers, who (which demographic of students, teachers, etc.) were most detrimentally affected and how are you accounting for it?
In our Center's experience, "institutional and systematic barriers" are present in every school. Our NSF project, "Systemic Transformation of Inquiry Learning Environments 2.0," (http://videohall.com/p/1182), identifies key elements for developing the capacity of teachers to design STEM projects in their individual school settings. In this way we are able to co-create and tailor the project to the needs of the teachers and administrators in each school. "Situating" the process (Putnam & Borko, 2000) in this fashion is fundamental to our approach. Because we are focused on implementing key elements rather than a lockstep program, we have some flexibility in addressing barriers, even as they emerge.
However, what is considered a "barrier" varies according to one's perspective. Teachers may see the lack of collaborative planning time as a barrier, even though the administrators may not yet identify this as a problem. The partnership between the university researchers, teachers, and administrators is critical, as Hilda Borko notes (above). Strong partnerships create "shared meaning" (Fullan, 2015) rooted in the needs and interests of the school. Shared meaning, in turn, makes it possible for those involved to identify creative ways to remove barriers inhibiting the effective implementation of the project.


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Sincere sympathy is extended to the sons and family of Bernie Butler, Bree Lane, who died recently.
The Fashion Show mentioned last week has had to be postponed till October of this year.
Your next session of storytelling, music, recitations and meeting up with good friends will be held at Kyle Forge on Sunday, February 3, Proceedings get under way at 8 p.m. Refreshments are also served.
Sunday, February 3, is the feast of St Blaise. Throats will be blessed before and after Mass on Saturday night, February 2, and again on Sunday, February 3.
We extend our condolences to Sheila Carr and family (née Carr, ex Kitestown, Crossabeg) and Tenacre, Tomhaggard, on the sudden death of her husband Kevin Carr, which took place on Saturday, January 19, Burial took place to Kilmore cemetery following Requiem Mass in Tomhaggard on Wednesday of last week. RIP.
The National Indoor Combined Events championships were held on Saturday, January 19, at the AIT International Arena in Athlone. Jack Forde for St Killian's finished in second place with a score of 3158 points in the Youth Boys category. The competition consists of taking part in five events and adding the points accumulated together. Jack had a good day with PBs in the Shot Putt 5kg (12.05m) and in the 1000m (2.54 minutes). He competed well in the Hurdles (9.27 seconds) Long Jump (5.60m) and High Jump (1.81m). This was a marvellous performance considering he has yet another year at this age group.
The County Masters and junior men's race hosted by Kilmore AC were held on Sunday week last. The men's race was billed to be a potential cracker with a number of athletes showing good form lately and it certainly did not disappoint.
From the start United Striders Athletic Club showed their intentions with Brendan Lyng setting off at a steady pace. He was followed closely by Joe Lillis, who had a super race last week in the Leinster Championships along with Pat Foley of Croghan AC.This was the case for the first couple of laps when Aidan Rogers, competing as a junior, took charge and picked up the pace.
Niall Sheil (St Killian's) who was running a very tactical race at this point and staying out of trouble, came up to sit on Aidan's shoulder. Coming into the last lap, Niall made a decisive move making a gap and pushed on to take a great win with Aidan in second, winning the junior race, and Pat and Joe having a great battle with Pat taking silver.
Brian O'Shaughnessy, also for St Killian's had a great run considering he is only coming back from a sickness and great to see St Killian's legend Pádraig Moriarty back mixing it up.
Send it your news items, reports on meetings, gatherings, wedding/special celebrations etc to redcow2@eircom.net or text to 086 1980775. All items to be forwarded by Thursday evening of each week for inclusion in the following edition of the Wexford People.
The sympathy of the community is extended to the family, relatives and friends of the late Kevin Rossiter, Raheenduff, who passed to his eternal reward last week and was buried in Oulart Cemetery after Requiem Mass on Friday, January 25. He is mourned by his sons Michael, John, Joe, Pat, Philip, Liam and Paul, his daughters Eveleen, Anne, Patricia and Marian, his brother Phil, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, grandchildren, great-grandchildren other relatives and friends. Ar dheis Dé go raibh a anam dílis.
The Senior Scór GAA Talent competition will take place in Carrig-on-Bannow Community Centre on Friday, February 8, at 7.30 p.m. Details of the Scór Quiz will be announced soon.
The astroturf playing area at the Upper Pitch is almost completed, with the lights being fitted in the next week. When fully operational it will provide a wonderful training facility for all age groups. Oulart-The Ballagh GAA Club is hugely indebted to everyone who has helped and supported the project. Míle buíochas to all.
After the success of the inaugural 'Ireland Lights Up' initiative last year the GAA is delighted to be once again teaming up with RTÉ's Operation Transformation and Get Ireland Walking to make exercise more accessible on dark winter evenings. Oulart-The Ballagh GAA Club will participate again this year. Everyone is welcome at the club Walking Track on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m.
Oulart-The Ballagh GAA Club is working towards achieving a Healthy Club Accreditation from the GAA and one of the areas being promoted is Healthy Eating.
The club is hosting a Healthy Eating and Cooking Workshop for players 13 to 18 years, to be held in Gorey Community School, on Saturday, February 2, from 10 a.m. till midday. This event is free to club members and is being hosted by Home Economics teacher, Mrs Imelda Browne, Oulart.
Recipes for Success has two elements: (1) A 'hands-on' kitchen-based cookery workshop which is exclusive to Phase three Healthy Clubs and (2) 'Recipes for Success' tool-kit which is filled with tasty, healthy and performance-enhancing recipes that are easy to make. Places are limited so please book as soon as possible with Liz Freeman (087 7560871).
A registration night for underage GAA and camogie players will be held in Oulart Community Centre on Saturday, February 16, at 8 p.m. For information please contact Elizabeth Freeman at 087 7560871.
The Oulart-The Ballagh Unit of Community First Responders is live, seven nights a week and all day at weekends, assisting the National Ambulance Service, on a totally voluntary basis. Training of new members will be held on Wednesday, January 30, and February 6. Anyone interested in joining the group is asked to contact Vickie (087 7780749) or Ger (086 1578484).
Monageer-Boolavogue GAA Club are holding their annual Tractor and Vintage Run on Sunday, February 3, departing the GAA complex at midday noon. Entry fee is €20 and includes ticket for drivers only draw. Refreshments will be provided. There will also be a raffle on the day. For any queries please contact Colin Hawkins at 086 1587139.
Forthcoming events for Martin Sponger Fortunes Mayoral Campaign: Bingo in Bob's bar every Tuesday night at 9 p.m. 'Open Mic' night every Thursday in the Sawdust at 9 p.m. A cake sale/Coffee morning in Freemans, Ballynamonabeg,on Saturday, February 9, from 10 a.m. till 12.30 p.m. On February 21, a Dog Night in Enniscorthy with an All-Star Race starting at 8 p.m. with 10 Greyhound races on the card. Tickets are €10 each and children under-16 are free.
Events for Phil Redmond's Mayoral Campaign are as follows: Sunday, January 27, Sunday, February 3, Sunday, February 10, Sunday, February 17, and Sunday, February 24, bingo in Oulart Community Centre at 8 p.m. A Breakfast Morning will be held in Oulart Community Centre on Sunday, February 3, from 9.am to 12.30 p.m. On Friday, February 15, 'Dancing with Declan and the Classic Outlaws' in Oulart Community Centre at 9 p.m. On Sunday, February 24, a five k and 10k Walk and Run starting at the Upper Complex at midday, with registration from 11.30 a.m. The Circuit Training continues every Tuesday and Thursday in the Ballagh Community Centre from 8 p.m. to 9.00 till Thursday, February 14.
Castlebridge national school is now accepting enrolments for the 2019/2020 school year. If you require an enrolment form, please contact the school office at 053 9159442.
Results of the Curracloe United lotto draw for Sunday, January 20, The numbers drawn were 6, 10, 19 and 22. There was no jackpot winner and four match-three winners, who each received €40, Brian O'Connor, Garrylough, Screen; Frances Forde 'Derrynane', Ferrybank, Seán Keane-Carroll, Ballyvaloo and Joan Askins, Carleysbridge, Enniscorthy.
Weekly winners of the partners 45 cards in Hotel Curracloe were Mag Griffith and Seán Allen. Please note that the grand final will take place on Thursday, April 11, You need to play six nights to qualify for the Easter final.
Bingo winners on Sunday week last were (full house) Stephen Whelan (two lines) Johnny Curran and single line winner was Don Hearne. Killers pool winner on Friday was Peter Murphy, and second was Murt Hanrahan.
The school is now accepting Registrations for September 2019. Please contact the school secretary at 053 9137283 for the relevant forms.
Congratulations to recent split-the-pot winner, Jim Redmond, who won €98. The next draw takes place Wednesday on January 30.
Bingo continues each Sunday in the school hall from 3.305 p.m.
The annual Grandparents/Relations Day will be held on Friday, February 1, from one 2.30 p.m. All are welcome to drop in for a cup of tea and to visit the classrooms. The music group will provide entertainment in the school hall.
Fifth and sixth classes are working hard on setting up a business for their Junior Entrepreneur Programme project. Best of luck to them in their endeavours.
Curracloe 5K Fun Run/Walk takes place on Sunday, February 24, at midday. Registration will take place from 10.30 a.m at Curracloe national school. Donations accepted on the day, and all funds raised go to Curracloe school.
St Ibar's/Shelmalier camogie club 'Walk and Talk'. Why not join up with members of the club on Monday evenings from seven to 8 p.m for a social 'walk and talk' session followed by a cuppa in the clubhouse, All are most welcome. The next 6K run/walk will take place on Sunday, March 24, details to follow. A Valentine's Teen Disco will take place on Friday, February 15, Check out the clubs Facebook page for ticket sale details.
Send those notes, news item and reports to redcow2@eircom.net by Thursday night of each week for inclusion in the following Tuesday edition of the Wexford People. You can also text messages to 086 1980775.


text:
Apple Sues Corellium Over iOS 'Replica' Security Testing SoftwarePrevious article
Adwind Spyware-as-a-Service Attacks Utility Grid OperatorsNext article
VLC Media Player Allows Desktop Takeover Via Malicious Video Files
Author: Tom Spring
High-Risk Bugs
VideoLAN has released an updated version of its VLC Player to fix over a dozen bugs.
Two high-risk vulnerabilities in the VLC media player could allow an adversary to craft a malicious .MKV video file that could be used in an attack to gain control of the victim's PC. The flaws were made public Monday by the developer of the open-source VLC media player, VideoLAN project, who also made patches available to mitigate the issues.
In total, 15 VLC bugs were made public. In addition to the two high-risk bugs, five were rated medium, three low and others remain unrated. Eleven of the flaws were found by Antonio Morales, a researcher at the Semmle Security Team, which also posted a technical breakdown of the bugs.
Exploitation of any of the bugs would be straightforward, Morales wrote Threatpost in an email interview. "A hypothetical scenario: an attacker uploads the video file to a tracker Torrent using a filename of a trending TV series," he wrote. "After this, a lot of users download the file via Torrent. The victims only need to open the video file to trigger the vulnerability. This scenario can be applied to all the vulnerabilities."
Morales said the most troubling of the flaws is a buffer overflow bug (CVE-2019-14970) in the MKV demuxer – a component responsible for multiplexing digital and analog files. "This is an out-of-bounds (OOB) write (heap overflow) vulnerability that affects the .mkv file format," Morales wrote.
The researcher also singled out a similar bug (CVE-2019-14438), which allows an attacker to gain access to a PC using a booby-trapped .MKV video file. MKV is technically a video container format, similar to the .AVI, .ASF, and .MOV formats.
"An attacker could execute code in VLC execution context. This means that an attacker could perform the same actions that the legitimate user can, but without the consent of the user and without user noticing it. In quite a number of cases, the attacker could take the control of the computer also," Morales told Threatpost. "A user only needs to open the file to trigger the vulnerability (double-click is enough)."
VLC player medium-risk bugs (CVE-2019-14437, CVE-2019-14776, CVE-2019-14777, CVE-2019-14778, CVE-2019-14533) also could be abused an attacker scenario where content is maliciously planted for download.
Two additional security issues, with pending CVE IDs, were reported by Scott Bell from Pulse Security. Researcher Hyeon-Ju Lee is credited for identifying CVE-2019-13602. And Xinyu Liu is credited for finding CVE-2019-13962.
All bugs have been confirmed with VideoLAN project, Morales said. That's in contrast to last month, when a German security agency reported that a critical vulnerability existed in VLC that it claimed could enable remote code-execution and other malicious actions. It turned out the media player in that instance was not vulnerable.
The new vulnerabilities impact VLC version 3.0.7.1. The current updated 3.0.8 version fixes those bugs. According to VideoLAN, the updates have not been pushed out to users; however, users can manually update their client by directly downloading the most recent version.
Interested in more on the internet of things (IoT)? Don't miss our free Threatpost webinar, "IoT: Implementing Security in a 5G World." Please join Threatpost senior editor Tara Seals and a panel of experts as they offer enterprises and other organizations insight about how to approach security for the next wave of IoT deployments, which will be enabled by the rollout of 5G networks worldwide. Click here to register.
Sejha on August 20, 2019
This was already checked out and reported on by the creators of vlc over two months ago. Your post is scaremongering bullshit over something that cant even be reproduced in a normal install of the program since the vulnerability came from a third party compnant and was patches out over a year before it even garnered attention. If youre going to share. At least do the bare minimum of research.
Tara Seals on August 20, 2019
Hi there -- actually this is a new issue. As Tom pointed out in the story, the bugs have been confirmed and patched by VLC.
Please refer to this paragraph in the article: "All bugs have been confirmed with VideoLAN project, Morales said. That's in contrast to last month, when a German security agency reported that a critical vulnerability existed in VLC that it claimed could enable remote code-execution and other malicious actions. It turned out the media player in that instance was not vulnerable."
Alasse on August 20, 2019
This information is almost a month old. And was almost immediately proven to be false. "About the "security issue" on #VLC : VLC is not vulnerable. tl;dr: the issue is in a 3rd party library, called libebml, which was fixed more than 16 months ago. VLC since version 3.0.3 has the correct version shipped, and @MITREcorp did not even check their claim." https://twitter.com/videolan/status/1153963312981389312?s=19
Brian on August 20, 2019
I will make sure to not read the article and assume that this is referring to an older issue that turned out to be false, and then call out your staff on this pretense and hope I look like the smart person!
Rob on August 20, 2019
Just updated my not vulnerable VLC. Two months old bugs reported by creators, patched ;)
Karnan on August 23, 2019
Is it possible to play the "infected" video safely by changing the container to a different one, say MP4, either by re-encoding or by simply changing it without re-encoding using ffmpeg?
Nayan on August 27, 2019
Media Player is the best media player. I am using it for the long time. What do you think? Do you use???
Leave A Reply to Rob Cancel Reply

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
UNSUNG HERO: Never too tired to help
JoAnne Marez — Jul 22nd, 1996
Whether it's a family in need or a city aching for volunteers,
H. Emily Moshay is there to lend a helping hand.
is is one of those two line feature things that This is one of those two
line feature things that I keep forgetting to put into my.
library.I keep.
to put into my library.
By JoAnne Marez
Sun Staff
Carol Elliott calls her "an angel in disguise," but H. Emily Moshay of Bremerton prefers to think of herself simply as someone who cares.
"I guess I realized very young that there is so much need in the world," said Moshay, "... and I can't sleep if I know something needs to be done."
Elliott and her former husband, Jimmy Frazier, were devastated last December when their 18-year-old son, Marcus, accidentally shot and killed himself.
"She popped up out of nowhere and was truly a saving grace for us," Frazier recalled recently. "She brought us dinner, she sat and talked to us and she gave us moral support."
She took over at a time when they were paralyzed with grief, he said.
"She was tireless," Frazier continued. "She talked to the funeral home to set up the services, talked to various agencies to get us some help and established a fund to raise money to help with the burial expenses. She didn't just get the ball rolling, she saw it through, too."
Most of all, he said, Moshay was there for Elliott, who suffered so much it's still hard for her to talk about what happened.
"My husband had worked with her (through Kitsap Community Action Program), but I'd only met her once before," Elliott said. "She went out of her way to do everything for us ... Her car broke down and she got another one. Then it broke down, but she still came around and did just everything, organized everything. I couldn't have gotten through it without her."
Friends say that's the way Moshay works. Tirelessly.
"People need help and so often they don't even know how to ask," Moshay said. "What good are we if we don't help others? Not much."
Moshay, a 65-year-old widow with two children and three grandchildren, is a retired executive secretary. She came here four years ago from California with too much energy to just sit around, she said. So she went to work for KCAP as a clerk in the Women, Infants and Children program. A year later she became a family advocate for the Head Start program, a fancy title for doing what she's always done, helping folks.
"I love my job," she said. "I help my families find the resources they need in the community so they can grow and progress."
But, still, she had all this non-work time on her hands, she joked.
So she rolled up her sleeves and dug in some more.
She works with more than a dozen civic organizations ranging from the Christmas in April program to the Bremerton Swing City Committee.
The Christmas in April program uses donated materials and labor to fix up homes for families who can't do it for themselves.
"I wanted to be on the board," Moshay explained, "because they needed someone who understood the real needs of the people. Some of these people are a hard sell to the board, but I sell them."
Glenda Walker of Bremerton, a retired widow on Social Security, said the work teams swooped down on her home last year and "made it look great. They painted and put up a new fence, put in new wiring, a new floor for my patio which was sinking and real dangerous — made things a whole lot better. It never would have happened without Emily. I just love her."
Walker was not a hard sell, Moshay said, but the home of a widowed recluse was.
"It was in bad shape," Moshay said with the shake of her head. "He was only in his 50s, but had lost his father and wife and had his leg amputated. He was very depressed and wouldn't leave his house."
Moshay said they took four 30-yard dumpsters full of stuff out of the house, painted the inside, carpeted the living room, put in new bathroom fixtures and took care of the yard.
"It took me four board meetings to convince people we should take on this project," she said. "People don't understand how folks can get to this point. But now, he's mowing the lawn and getting out of the house. It meant everything to him."
Another home was "too big a job for Christmas in April," Moshay admitted.
So she's rounded up a bunch of volunteers, convinced Gary Passmore of Brem-Air to help and they're getting ready to refurnish the home on their own.
"It's taken me several months to get to it," Moshay admitted, "but I can't not do it. You just can't ignore people. You can't let them give up."
She's befriended a Bremerton couple whose disabled child was removed from their care right after birth nearly two years ago. Moshay said Child Protective Services workers believe the couple can't adequately care for the child as well as their five others. Moshay disagrees and has been working with the family so they can meet all CPS's requirements to get the child back.
"They don't have a valid hold on that child," Moshay maintained. "They need to have that child with them and I won't quit until they do."
Not all her activities are that dramatic, she said. Some are relaxing.
As a member of the Swing City Committee, whose goal is to beautify Bremerton, you'll frequently find her sweeping a block of Pacific Avenue.
"I'm an early riser," she explained, "so I'm out there sweeping away when the shipyard workers go by. They're relieved someone is fixing up the city. I took the block with the old Woolworth Store because I loved Woolworth's as a kid. We've put barrels of flowers on the street corner and they look great. It's a lot of fun for me. More people ought to try it."
Staff photo by Larry Steagall
BECAUSE IT NEEDS DOING: Sweeping debris from Bremerton streets — this is Pacific Avenue and Burwell Street — is just one of many volunteer projects that Bremerton's H. Emily Moshay performs. Says Moshay: "What good are we if we don't help others? Not much." She added the flowers.
A program to help needy homeowners extends the holiday season You, too, could be on the receiving end of spring giving. By JoAnne Marez Sun Staff While most folks are recovering from Thanksgiving feasts, a small group of local people are thinking Christmas — ... [Read More...]
UNSUNG HERO: Volunteering for a clean community
* Officials and employees at two refuse collection companies volunteer their services to be "good neighbors." By Elena Castaneda Sun Staff The services provided by Brem-Air Disposal and Olympic View Sanitary Landfill go beyond picking up garbage cans at the end of area driveways. ... [Read More...]
BUSINESS ROUNDUP: New marketing director named
H. Emily Moshay has joined the Bremerton Area Chamber of Commerce as marketing director. She will focus her efforts to help the chamber increase its membership in the business community and to enhance services to the members. Moshay has lived in Bremerton for ... [Read More...]
CIVILIAN WORK FORCE: PSNS to start drug screens
* Employees subject to testing will be selected at random through a computer program. Random drug testing is beginning at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard after years of legal fights and union negotiations. About 500 civilian employees out of a total work force of 7,800 are subject ... [Read More...]
UNSUNG HERO: Let's ask Bob
No one has much hesitancy in volunteering Bob Schroeder for a task, including driving Head Start children to the Bremerton pool -- on his vacation. By JoAnne Marez Sun Staff "I should have known on the first date what was ahead," said Bob ... [Read More...]


text:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import time
import random
import bisect
import json
import sys
from numpy import linalg as alg
from scipy import sparse
from sklearn import cross_validation as cv
from itertools import product
from collections import defaultdict
from functools import partial
from multiprocessing import Pool

# Read all data and metadata and match dimensions
def read_data(collection, dataset):
    # collection: data collection folder
    # dataset: dataset folder

    # Read data and metadata
    R = np.loadtxt('../data/' + collection + '/' + dataset + '/playcounts.txt', delimiter=",")
    R = sparse.coo_matrix((R[:, 2], (R[:, 0], R[:, 1])))
    num_users_R, num_items_R = R.shape

    U = np.loadtxt('../data/' + collection + '/' + dataset + '/user_tags.txt', delimiter=",")
    U = sparse.coo_matrix((U[:, 2], (U[:, 0], U[:, 1])))
    num_users_U, num_tags_U = U.shape

    T = np.loadtxt('../data/' + collection + '/' + dataset + '/item_tags.txt', delimiter=",")
    T = sparse.coo_matrix((T[:, 2], (T[:, 0], T[:, 1])))
    num_items_T, num_tags_T = T.shape

    # Find maximum dataset dimensions
    num_users = max(num_users_R, num_users_U)
    num_items = max(num_items_R, num_items_T)
    num_tags = max(num_tags_U, num_tags_T)

    # Resize data and metadata
    # R.reshape((num_users, num_items))  # not implemented yet...
    # (coo is convenient for further fold preparation)
    R = sparse.coo_matrix((R.data, (R.row, R.col)),
                          shape=(num_users, num_items))

    # U.reshape((num_users, num_user_tags))  # not implemented yet...
    U = sparse.csr_matrix((U.data, (U.row, U.col)),
                          shape=(num_users, num_tags))

    # T.reshape((num_items, num_item_tags))  # not implemented yet...
    T = sparse.csr_matrix((T.data, (T.row, T.col)),
                          shape=(num_items, num_tags))

    data = {'full_R': R, 'U': U, 'T': T}
    return data

# Weighting and folds for the ratings data
def get_data(full_R, num_folds, alpha):
    # full_R: ratings in coo format
    # num_folds: data splits
    # alpha: weight for the binary ratings

    # Make data splits balancing users in each fold
    splits = cv.StratifiedKFold(full_R.row, n_folds=num_folds, random_state=1)
    data = []
    test_indices = open('test_' + dataset + '_WTMF.txt', 'wa')
    for train, test in splits:
        # Train data (remind R is in coo format)
        R = sparse.csr_matrix((full_R.data[train], (full_R.row[train],
                                                    full_R.col[train])),
                              shape=full_R.shape)

        # P = R > 0 is really not needed through the code

        # Weight data
        weights = 1. + alpha * np.log(1. + R.data)
        W = sparse.csr_matrix((weights, R.nonzero()), shape=full_R.shape)

        # Test data
        Rt = sparse.coo_matrix((full_R.data[test], (full_R.row[test],
                                                    full_R.col[test])),
                               shape=full_R.shape)

        fold_data = {'WR': W, 'Rt': Rt}
        data.append(fold_data)

        # Store test indices for further mpr calculation
        np.savetxt(test_indices, test, fmt='%i')

    test_indices.close()
    return data

# Weighting for the tags
def get_metadata(U, T, beta, gamma):
    # U, T: user and item tags in csr format
    # beta, gamma: weights for user and item tags

    # Weight user- and item-tags data
    Uweights = 1. + beta * np.log(1. + U.data)
    WU = sparse.csr_matrix((Uweights, U.nonzero()), shape=U.shape)

    Tweights = 1. + gamma * np.log(1. + T.data)
    WT = sparse.csr_matrix((Tweights, T.nonzero()), shape=T.shape)

    metadata = {'WU': WU, 'WT': WT}
    return metadata

# RMSE function
def loss_function(WR, WU, WT, P, Q, X, mu_user, mu_item):
    # WR, WU, WT: weight matrices in sparse format
    # P, Q, X: factor matrices
    # mu_user, mu_item: weights for the user- and item-tags losses

    # Loss in the ratings reconstruction
    loss_ratings = 0.
    for u, WRu in enumerate(WR):
        WRu_dense = WRu.toarray()
        Rbu_dense = np.ones(WRu.shape)
        Rbu_dense[WRu_dense == 0.] = 0.
        WRu_dense[WRu_dense == 0.] = 1.  # blank cells are in fact 1s in W
        PutQ = P[u].dot(Q.T)
        loss_ratings += np.sum(WRu_dense * ((Rbu_dense - PutQ) ** 2))

    # Loss in the user-tags reconstruction
    loss_user_tags = 0.
    for u, WUu in enumerate(WU):
        WUu_dense = WUu.toarray()
        Ubu_dense = np.ones(WUu.shape)
        Ubu_dense[WUu_dense == 0.] = 0.
        WUu_dense[WUu_dense == 0.] = 1.  # blank cells are in fact 1s in W
        PutX = P[u].dot(X.T)
        loss_user_tags += np.sum(WUu_dense * ((Ubu_dense - PutX) ** 2))

    # Loss in the user-tags reconstruction
    loss_item_tags = 0.
    for i, WTi in enumerate(WT):
        WTi_dense = WTi.toarray()
        Tbi_dense = np.ones(WTi.shape)
        Tbi_dense[WTi_dense == 0.] = 0.
        WTi_dense[WTi_dense == 0.] = 1.  # blank cells are in fact 1s in W
        QitX = Q[i].dot(X.T)
        loss_item_tags += np.sum(WTi_dense * ((Tbi_dense - QitX) ** 2))

    return loss_ratings + mu_user * loss_user_tags + mu_item * loss_item_tags

# Objective function
def cost_function(WR, WU, WT, P, Q, X, mu_user, mu_item, eta):
    # WR, WU, WT: weight matrices in sparse format
    # P, Q, X: factor matrices
    # mu_user, mu_item: weights for the user- and item-tags losses
    # eta: regularization term

    # Loss
    loss = loss_function(WR, WU, WT, P, Q, X, mu_user, mu_item)

    # Regularization error
    reg_P = (P ** 2).sum()
    reg_Q = (Q ** 2).sum()
    reg_X = (X ** 2).sum()

    return loss + eta * (reg_P + reg_Q + reg_X)

# Train and test a given fold (convenient for parallel cross-validation)
def run_this_fold(experiment, N_values, metadata, fold_and_data):
    # experiment: set of parameters for the current experiment
    # N_values: lengths of the recommendation lists
    # metadata: user- and item-tags data
    # fold_and_data: list including fold and data
    #   fold number, used to iterate
    #   data: split of data for the given fold
    fold = fold_and_data[0]
    data = fold_and_data[1]
    results = defaultdict(list)

    print ('\tWTMF with ' + str(experiment['num_iterations']) +
           ' it. of ALS. Launching fold ' + str(fold + 1) + '...')

    # Train
    P, Q = train_WTMF(data['WR'], metadata['WU'], metadata['WT'], False, fold,
                      **experiment)

    # Test
    for N in N_values:
        mpr_num, mpr_den, rank = test_topN(P, Q, data['Rt'], N, False, fold,
                                           experiment)

        # Save results for each fold and each value of N
        this_result = {'mpr_num': mpr_num, 'mpr_den': mpr_den, 'rank': rank,
                       'fold': fold}
        results[N] = this_result

    return results

# Train WeightedTags MF for implicit feedback
def train_WTMF(WR, WU, WT, plot, fold, alpha, beta, gamma,
               mu_user, mu_item, eta, num_factors, num_iterations):
    # WR, WU, WT: weight matrices in sparse format
    # plot: should the train error evolution be plotted?
    # fold: integer indicating which fold is being trained
    # alpha, beta, gamma: weights for the decomposition
    # mu_user, mu_item: weights for the user- and item-tags losses
    # eta: regularization term
    # num_factors, num_iterations: training options

    # Random factors initialization
    np.random.seed(1)
    num_users, num_items = WR.shape
    if WU.shape[1] != WT.shape[1]:
        sys.exit("Tags are not correctly merged.")
    num_tags = WU.shape[1]

    P = np.random.rand(num_users, num_factors)
    Q = np.random.rand(num_items, num_factors)
    X = np.random.rand(num_tags, num_factors)

    # Iterate Alternating Least Squares
    # cost = []  # just for plot

    for iteration in range(num_iterations):
        t0 = time.time()

        # Common for all users, items and tags
        tPP = P.T.dot(P)
        tQQ = Q.T.dot(Q)
        tXX = X.T.dot(X)
        reg = eta * np.eye(num_factors)

        # loop over users (index u)
        for u, WRu in enumerate(WR):
            # Use only active items for user u to speed-up
            maskWR = WRu.nonzero()[1]
            WRu_mask = WRu.data
            WRu_mask_I = WRu_mask - np.array([1])
            Q_mask = Q[maskWR, :]
            # Rbu_mask = Rb.getrow(u).data  # this is all 1, don't need it!

            # Use only active tags for user u to speed-up
            maskWU = WU.getrow(u).nonzero()[1]
            WUu_mask = WU.getrow(u).data
            WUu_mask_I = WUu_mask - np.array([1])
            X_mask = X[maskWU, :]
            # Ubu_mask = Ub.getrow(u).data  # this is all 1, don't need it!

            A_this_user = Q_mask.T.dot(WRu_mask_I[:, np.newaxis] * Q_mask)
            A_this_user_tag = X_mask.T.dot(WUu_mask_I[:, np.newaxis] * X_mask)
            A_user = tQQ + A_this_user + mu_user * (tXX + A_this_user_tag) + reg

            # b_user = (Q_mask.T * (WRu_mask * Ru_mask)[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)
            b_user = (Q_mask.T * WRu_mask[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)
            # b_user_tag = mu_user * (X_mask.T *
            # (WUu_mask * Uu_mask)[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)
            b_user_tag = mu_user * (X_mask.T * WUu_mask[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)

            P[u] = alg.solve(A_user, b_user + b_user_tag)

        # loop over items (index i)
        for i, WRi in enumerate(WR.T):
            # Use only active users for item i to speed-up
            maskWR = WRi.nonzero()[1]
            WRi_mask = WRi.data
            WRi_mask_I = WRi_mask - np.array([1])
            P_mask = P[maskWR, :]
            # Rbi_mask = Rb.getcol(i).data  # this is all 1, don't need it!

            # Use only active tags for item i to speed-up
            maskWT = WT.getrow(i).nonzero()[1]
            WTi_mask = WT.getrow(i).data
            WTi_mask_I = WTi_mask - np.array([1])
            X_mask = X[maskWT, :]
            # Tbi_mask = Tb.getrow(i).data  # this is all 1, don't need it!

            A_this_item = P_mask.T.dot(WRi_mask_I[:, np.newaxis] * P_mask)
            A_this_item_tag = X_mask.T.dot(WTi_mask_I[:, np.newaxis] * X_mask)
            A_item = tPP + A_this_item + mu_item * (tXX + A_this_item_tag) + reg

            # b_item = (P_mask.T * (WRi_mask * Ri_mask)[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)
            b_item = (P_mask.T * WRi_mask[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)
            # b_item_tag = mu_item * (X_mask.T *
            # (WTi_mask * Ti_mask)[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)
            b_item_tag = mu_item * (X_mask.T * WTi_mask[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)

            Q[i] = alg.solve(A_item, b_item + b_item_tag)

        # loop over tags (index t)
        for t, WUt in enumerate(WU.T):
            # Use only active users for tag t to speed-up
            maskWU = WUt.nonzero()[1]
            WUt_mask = WUt.data
            WUt_mask_I = WUt_mask - np.array([1])
            P_mask = P[maskWU, :]
            # Ubt_mask = Ubt.data  # this is all 1, don't need it!

            # Use only active items for tag t to speed-up
            # Note on getcol: Returns a (m x 1) CSR matrix (column vector).
            # Thus, we use nonzero()[0] instead of nonzero()[1]
            maskWT = WT.getcol(t).nonzero()[0]
            WTt_mask = WT.getcol(t).data
            WTt_mask_I = WTt_mask - np.array([1])
            Q_mask = Q[maskWT, :]
            # Tbt_mask = Tb.getcol(t).data  # this is all 1, don't need it!

            A_this_tag_user = P_mask.T.dot(WUt_mask_I[:, np.newaxis] * P_mask)
            A_this_tag_item = Q_mask.T.dot(WTt_mask_I[:, np.newaxis] * Q_mask)
            A_tag = (mu_user * (tPP + A_this_tag_user) +
                     mu_item * (tQQ + A_this_tag_item) + reg)

            # b_tag_user = mu_user * (P_mask.T * (WUt_mask * Ut_mask)[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)
            b_tag_user = mu_user * (P_mask.T * WUt_mask[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)
            # b_tag_item = mu_item * (Q_mask.T * (WTt_mask * Tt_mask)[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)
            b_tag_item = mu_item * (Q_mask.T * WTt_mask[np.newaxis, :]).sum(1)

            X[t] = alg.solve(A_tag, b_tag_user + b_tag_item)

        t1 = time.time()
        print ('\t\tTraining WTMF on fold ' + str(fold) + ', it. ' +
               str(iteration) + ': ' + str(t1 - t0) + 's')
        # cost.append(cost_function(WR, WU, WT, P, Q, X, mu_user, mu_item, eta))

    if plot:
        plt.figure()
        plt.title('WTMF training' + '\n' +
              r'$\alpha = $' + str(alpha) + r', $\beta$ = ' + str(beta) +
              ', $\gamma$ = ' + str(gamma) + ', $\eta$ = ' + str(eta) +
              ', $\mu_{user}$ = ' + str(mu_user) + ', $\mu_{item}$ = ' +
              str(mu_item) + '\nnum_factors = ' + str(num_factors) +
              ', num_iterations =' + str(num_iterations))
        plt.plot(cost, label='cost',
                 marker='s', linestyle=':', color='m', linewidth=2)
        plt.xlabel('Iteration Number')
        plt.ylabel('Mean Squared Error')
        plt.legend()
        plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.85)
        plt.show()

    return P, Q

# Test by Mean Percentage Ranking
def test_topN(X, Y, Rt, N, plot, fold, parameters):
    # X, Y: latent factor arrays
    # Rt: test data
    # N: length of the recommendation
    # plot: should the rank be plotted?
    # fold: integer indicating which fold is being trained
    # parameters: to further pass to plot

    # Initialize values
    mpr_numerator = 0
    rank = Rt.nnz * [None]
    t0 = time.time()

    # Loop over test set
    # print '\t\tTesting by Mean Percentage Ranking at ' + str(N) + '...'
    u_old = -1
    for k, (u, i, rt) in enumerate(zip(Rt.row, Rt.col, Rt.data)):
        if u != u_old:
            Zu = X[u].dot(Y.T)
            u_old = u

        random.seed(1)
        Zu_sample = random.sample(np.hstack((Zu[:i], Zu[(i + 1):])), N)
        Zu_sample.sort()
        # position of Zu[i] in Zu_sample but reversed order
        rank[k] = N - bisect.bisect(Zu_sample, Zu[i])
        mpr_numerator += rt * rank[k] / float(N)

    t1 = time.time()
    print ('\t\tTesting MPR at ' + str(N) + ' on fold ' + str(fold + 1) +
           ': ' + str(t1 - t0) + 's')

    if plot:
        plot_rank(rank, N, **parameters)

    return mpr_numerator, Rt.data.sum(), rank

# Join results of MPR for each fold and each value of N
def join_folds_multiN(results, num_folds, N_values, plot, parameters):
    # results: result for each fold
    # num_folds: number of data splits
    # N_values: possible values for the length of the recommendation
    # plot: should the rank be plotted?
    # parameters: to further pass to plot

    out_mpr = defaultdict()
    out_rank = defaultdict()
    for N in N_values:
        # Initialize values
        mpr_num = 0.
        mpr_den = 0.
        rank = []
        print '\tJoining results of MPR at ' + str(N) + ' for each fold...'

        for fold in range(num_folds):
            mpr_num += results[fold][N]['mpr_num']
            mpr_den += results[fold][N]['mpr_den']
            rank += results[fold][N]['rank']

        if plot:
            plot_rank(rank, N, **parameters)

        out_mpr[N] = mpr_num / mpr_den
        out_rank[N] = rank

    return out_mpr, out_rank

# Plot rank density and ecdf
def plot_rank(rank, N, alpha, beta, gamma, mu_user, mu_item, eta,
              num_factors, num_iterations):
    # rank: position of each element in the test set
    # N: length of the recommendation

    count, bins = np.histogram(rank, bins=100)
    ecdf = np.cumsum(count) / float(np.sum(count))

    fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
    plt.title('WeightedTagsMF test at Top' + str(N) + '\n' +
              r'$\alpha = $' + str(alpha) + r', $\beta$ = ' + str(beta) +
              ', $\gamma$ = ' + str(gamma) + ', $\eta$ = ' + str(eta) +
              ', $\mu_{user}$ = ' + str(mu_user) + ', $\mu_{item}$ = ' +
              str(mu_item) + '\nnum_factors = ' + str(num_factors) +
              ', num_iterations =' + str(num_iterations))
    ax1.plot(bins[1:], count, label='count',
             linestyle='-', color='b', linewidth=2)
    ax1.set_xlabel('Rank')
    ax1.set_ylabel('Density [count]')
    ax1.set_ylim([0, max(count)])
    ax1.legend(loc=2)  # top left

    ax2 = ax1.twinx()
    ax2.plot(bins[1:], ecdf, label='ecdf',
             linestyle='--', color='g', linewidth=2)
    ax2.set_ylabel('Cumulative Distribution [%]')
    ax2.set_ylim([0, 1])
    ax2.legend(loc=1)  # top right
    plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.85)
    plt.show()

# Go!

# Parameters for all experiments
param = {'alpha': [120.],
         'beta': [120.],
         'gamma': [120.],
         'mu_user': [0.5],
         'mu_item': [0.5],
         'eta': [100., 1000.],
         'num_factors': [10],
         'num_iterations': [5]}
N_values = [100]
num_folds = 5
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    collection = sys.argv[1]
    dataset = sys.argv[2]
else:
    collection = 'dummy_collection'
    dataset = 'dummy_dataset'

# Create all possible experiments
param_names = sorted(param)
experiments = [dict(zip(param_names, prod))
               for prod in product(*(param[name] for name in param_names))]
num_experiments = len(experiments)

# Run all experiments
data = read_data(collection, dataset)
for k, experiment in enumerate(experiments):
    print 'Experiment ' + str(k + 1) + ' out of ' + str(num_experiments)
    t0 = time.time()

    # Data for this experiment
    data_folds = get_data(data['full_R'], num_folds, experiment['alpha'])
    # data_folds = get_data(dataset, num_folds, experiment['alpha'])
    metadata = get_metadata(data['U'], data['T'], experiment['beta'],
                            experiment['gamma'])

    # Pool of workers for parallel num_folds-CV and
    # special function callable through fun(all_param, looping_index)
    pool = Pool(processes=num_folds)
    run_folds = partial(run_this_fold, experiment, N_values, metadata)

    # Parallel loop over the folds
    results = pool.map(run_folds, list(enumerate(data_folds)))
    pool.close()
    pool.join()

    # Join CV results and save this experiment's result
    mpr, rank = join_folds_multiN(results, num_folds, N_values, False,
                                  experiment)
    # if we only want the mpr ...
    experiments[k]['mpr'] = mpr
    # if we want to save rank too we should do...
    # this_experiment = {'mpr': mpr, 'rank': rank}
    # experiments[k].update(this_experiment)

    t1 = time.time()
    print '\ttime elapsed in experiment ' + str(k + 1) + ': ' + str(t1 - t0)

# Save results in json format
print '\tSaving results to file...'
with open('WTMF_' + dataset + '.json', 'w') as WTMF_output:
    json.dump(experiments, WTMF_output)
WTMF_output.close()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Whitney Kait TikTok's Accident and Assault
ByMakena Garcia November 29, 2022 November 29, 2022
As a result of the accident and the attack, people are paying more attention to Whitney Kait Aka Muawk, one of the social media influencers. Because her devoted followers care so much about her, everyone will eventually discover who she is. She is an American model and a star on many social media sites. Her username is MUAWK. Besides being a model, he also works as a photographer. It has a huge worldwide following, mostly because of social media.
Accident recording Has she been cheated?
She has even made an account on the most popular website for streaming videos, and she is always in touch with all of her followers. She uses her social media sites a lot and in a very active way. In addition, it has a YouTube channel with a total of 13,200 subscribers. On August 7, 2017, she started her own YouTube channel, which now has more than 1.8 million views. In addition, she has more than 2.9 million followers on her TikTok account and 87.3 million likes. The name he uses for her TikTok account is @muawk. Before the silly Tiktok trend took off a year ago, she was called the "Queen of Catfish." This was before the app TikTok got popular.
Accident involving Whitney, a cat tik tok star
Users will show their cutest image while keeping their default look, but this will change depending on the challenge. MUAWK was another account that took advantage of the trend by making a video that went viral and had millions of views, causing chaos on the social media site. Her fans try to find out about her health through comments. But there is still a lot of mystery around the situation, since no one knows yet if she was in an accident or if she was robbed. The followers are looking for more information about what happened.
Regarding the report
Even though she just posted something on her social media accounts two days ago, not much is known about her. She was born in Ogden, Utah, on April 9, 1997, making her 24 at the time of the event. At the moment, he lives in Los Angeles, in the state of California. Whitney Doxey is her birth name and her legal name. Follow her on Instagram and other social media sites to learn more about her. In addition to Instagram, you can also access it through Snapchat. We will get in touch with you as soon as possible to give you any information that is not currently available. Listen to Social Telecast for more information and the latest news about MUAWK.
Details about Whitney's Kitty TikTok have been released
Kait has more than 2.9 million followers on TikTok, and her videos have a total of 87.3 million likes. @muawk is the account she uses on TikTok. In the second half of the year 2020, she asked to be known as the "Catfish Queen," which started the hilarious TikTok challenge. People take part in the challenge by comparing their most glamorous pictures to what they look like on a typical day. Then they share the difference between the two.
Pictures and videos have been leaked from the Itskittybubi Twitter account, Check out the user's real name on Instagram
Tiya Sircar measurements, Bio, Age, Height, and Weight
Who exactly is the irazutorresofficial account? Leaked Viral Photos and Videos Irazu Torres's Reddit and Twitter accounts
These days, social media has evolved into a contentious arena where anything might occur at any given time, and these incidents inevitably lead the way to viral controversies. You did hear correctly; seldom does a day go by without our releasing content acceptable for viewing, as opposed to the incorrect ones that these films regularly…
Read More Who exactly is the irazutorresofficial account? Leaked Viral Photos and Videos Irazu Torres's Reddit and Twitter accountsContinue
Where is Taylor Gould? Mark Waugh may be a murder suspect
ByMakena Garcia January 3, 2023 January 3, 2023
Taylor Gould has never been seen in public or known about in any way until now. Since the murder mystery started to get less attention on the internet and in the news, she has done her best to stay out of the public eye. When Taylor Gould and her boyfriend, Rahul Gupta, were found, they…
Read More Where is Taylor Gould? Mark Waugh may be a murder suspectContinue
Who was Violet Myers? What happened to her, and why did she die?&
Violet Myers is one of the most popular and well-established American models, a porn actress, and a social media influencer. She earned vast popularity and fame because of her glamourous modeling jobs and stunning photoshoots. Violet is a woman who moved towards her acting platform at just the age of 21 at a well-known studio…
Read More Who was Violet Myers? What happened to her, and why did she die?&Continue
Kathleen Kirkwood QVC dead or alive death hoax real or fake, Details Explained
The death news of Kathleen Kirkwood has recently flooded social media, and most people still can't able to believe her death news, and some people are telling her death news is fake news. Kathleen Kirkwood is an entrepreneur and is best known as the founder of the BRA Recycling Agency, based on recycling bras into…
Read More Kathleen Kirkwood QVC dead or alive death hoax real or fake, Details ExplainedContinue
Who is 1oweezy aka loamika? Leaked video viral on Twitter and Instagram, Details explored!
1oweezy is a well-known online personality who has been preserving the composure and equilibrium of his legions of fans, often known as "netizens." After a recent series of graphic images of her went viral, she is now setting the internet on fire with her controversial appearance. Some people believe this isn't necessarily a negative thing,…
Read More Who is 1oweezy aka loamika? Leaked video viral on Twitter and Instagram, Details explored!Continue
Who is Mark Delzell? What happened to him? Cause of death and personal details explored!
ByMakena Garcia October 7, 2022 October 7, 2022
Unfortunately, we must tell you today that Mark Delzell has passed away. If you're interested in the details of his tragic demise, you've come to the correct spot. We will tell you all there is to know about him today. If you want to know what happened to him and how he died, you should…
Read More Who is Mark Delzell? What happened to him? Cause of death and personal details explored!Continue


Salt, obesity and bariatric surgery, any correlation?
Obesity is a well establish 21st century epidemic in North America. Many factors go to the development and maintenance of obesity some of which include environmental, social, genetic, low levels of exercise, high caloric intake and mental health issues like depression. Obese individuals tend to have different taste and smell perceptions than those of their average weight acquaintances. Previous studies have looked at altered sweet, bitter and sour taste perceptions after surgery to induce weight loss, but little research has been done on alterations in salt perceptions. This study looks at salty taste perceptions between obese people and people of average weight, while also looking to see if there's a change in perception of saltiness post-surgery.
To test the questions posed in the above paragraph, researchers examined a 33 obese people before surgery and 19 after surgery against a control group of 29 people with body mass indexes (BMI) within a normal range. These three groups underwent an assessment for salty taste thresholds, liking for cream soup and answered a food questionnaire. First, the experiment to test salt threshold used various concentrations of salt dissolved in water and participants had to indicate whether or not salt was present. Second, cream soup was made from sour cream, tap water, flour and salt. Each participant had to taste the soup and then rank its likeability. Finally, the food questionnaire was a series of eight questions regarding preference for salt previous to the study. Using these three tests results were obtained.
The results of the experiments were as follows. First, with regards to salt thresholds, there was no difference between the thresholds of pre-operation obese, post-operation obese and control participants. Similarly, the food questionnaire didn't find any major differences between the preference for salt in any of the three groups. Finally, in the soup experiment with soup 1 having the lowest salt concentration and soup 5 having the highest, obese participants liked soup 4 and the control group liked soup 2, but typically the male participants liked the soup, where as the females did not, regardless of group origin. Using the results from these three experiments the researchers came up with a few conclusions.
To conclude, the results from this study indicated that obese people pre or post operation are no more likely than those of the general public to have a liking for salt. Interestingly men like cream soups more than women. Researchers reasoned that this difference could be due to different dieting tendencies between the sexes. Most importantly individuals thinking about getting weight loss surgery don't have to worry about raging salt cravings post surgery when making their decision on whether or not to get the operation done.
MacKinnon. JB., Smith. A., 2007. The 100-Mile Diet. Vintage Canada Edition, Toronto, Canada.
This morning I woke up at 4:00 am to start the custard. I wanted to leave enough time in the day to make two complete batches of ice cream in case the first went totally wrong. As the custard was thickening I started the second half of The 100 Mile Diet by Alisa Smith and J.B MacKinnon. This section of the book starts with a trip to the market for a box of 160 ears of corn, which is meant to be a major portion of their winter diet. Alisa then discusses how much time modern people waste. Ancient hunter-gatherers spent 2 days a week looking for food to sustain themselves. This is much less than what the modern person works in a normal work week. On top of the normal work week we also waste time commuting. Furthermore, towards the middle of the book their blog starts to gain popularity and fans try to and get in contact with them. This helps motivate them to stick to their local diet. As thanksgiving approaches James and Alisa decide to spend the holiday apart. Alisa spends thanksgiving at her friend Dave's house and is oddly taken back by his eldest daughter who reminds her of an ideal version of herself. A person who is able to follow in whichever path they would like. Where as James spent the holiday at his mother's house in Kamloops in order to support his brother whose life has been drastically altered. During these nine days spent with family he strays from the local diet. When they came home they discovered what was left of their grain was infested with weevils and the potatoes were ruined by blithe. Later that month James drives his brother up to his place and on the way they stop at a walnut farm and winery. When they get home Alisha surprises them with the location of a local wheat producer that they immediately go to see. Within two weeks they have pounds of ground wheat and their meal possibilities broaden. Alisa then takes a work trip to the Pender Islands where she interviews an Indian man who is concerned over the loss of culture he's seen in his home town over the course of his life. This doesn't sit well with Alisa. When Alisa gets home she decides to make a soup for James in hope that this gesture of good faith will help to mend their relationship, or at least make a step in the right direction. The soup is a success and represents a turning point in their relationship. The decision to stay together, at least for now. Together they take a trip to meet Sunny and her 7 friends who did a 250-mile diet, but unlike James and Alisa they caught some of their own game. The book ends with their trip to Mexico where everything they buy at venders and markets is grown within 100 miles. A totally different food culture than our industrial world. With the last line in the book Alisa indirectly expresses the impact of what eating local for a year has done for her. She now sees her surroundings as calmer and enjoys the simpler things in life. They're were several things I liked about the second half of 100-mile diet some of which include Alisa explanation on how modern people waste time, the description of sauerkraut and the theory of the Pirogi party.
Alisha looks at how much time hunter gatherers spent collecting food and other necessities they needed to live and compared it to how much time the average person spends working in their week. The average hunter gatherer only spends 2 days working, where as the average modern person works a 40-hour week. On top of that every day spends 50 minutes shopping, 10 minutes on religious practices, 2½ hours on television, 8 minutes on volunteering and 25 minutes to commute each way to work. Breaking down how the average person spends their time puts things into perspective, but I also liked their description of sauerkraut.
The description of the production of sauerkraut was really surprising. My grandma makes sauerkraut all the time and has never described it in such a way. First, buy a massive head of cabbage from someone who looks like German opera singer. Next, slice the cabbage and add 3 tablespoons of salt for every five pounds of leaves and leave the mixture in a cheap Chinese glazed vase with a heavy plate on top to squeeze out the cabbage juice. Leave the cabbage like this for weeks and it will turn into sauerkraut. In the process it will make your house smell like an unflushed urinal. During the process periodically skim off the mold and flies. The description of sauerkraut was surprising but I also liked the theory of the pirogi party.
The theory of the pirogi party was that getting drunk and cooking with friends made more memories than sitting around and watching movies with the same people. Two of Alisha and James friends came up with the idea after they attended a party where they made dumplings, sang folk songs and took shots to the point of drunken nausea. The theory proves true.
My experience cooking my own local dish was different. Instead of going to Walmart or wholesale like I normally do before cooking I had to hunt down distributers of local products, which at first was time consuming, but now I know where to find those ingredients. I chose to make blueberry ice cream and I've never made ice cream myself before, or custard either, which is a key component of ice cream. To make the custard I separated ten yolks from the whites of ten eggs only breaking two yolks in the process. With the remaining whites and the two broken yolks I made a massive omelet that I could in now way hope to finish. I then added two cups of homo milk and a cup of honey, while stirring on low heat for what felt like an hour before the custard finally thickened. Once the custard was made I put it in the fridge to cool for a few hours while I was in class. When I got home I added the custard to a litre of whipping cream and put it in the freezer. For the blueberry flavouring I cooked a cup and a half of blueberries with some honey for a few minutes until it thickened up and then added it to the ice cream. That was probably a bad call because now all the cream and custard that had previously frozen was completely thawed. Nevertheless, in a few hours the everything froze together and turned out. For a day I felt like Alisa and James.
As I scroll through hundreds of pinterest recipes, a recipe for Mexican chicken salad catches my eye. With a salad in one hand and a thick coffee stained book with a used TRU bookstore sticker in the other, I start chapters ten to thirteen of The Omnivores Dilemma by Michael Pollan. Chapter ten starts off with an explanation of the in's and out's of local, grass-based, sustainable farming. He then discusses our relationship to grass as compared to the relationship that the owner of Polyface farm has. We don't really notice grass or particularity care to, where as at the Polyface farm they see themselves as grass farmers above everything else. These farmers see each animal on the farm as a small portion of the larger picture, where grass is the keystone species. They share techniques engineered to allow maximum grass growth and diversity, which is centred around a rotational grazing system. Their grass fed cows have no need for antibiotics, they eat a variety of grasses referred to as the salad bar and live in a clean environment. This is a sharp contrast from the factory farm in earlier chapters. Furthermore, they also raise chickens and use their droppings to add nitrogen to the soil. To do so effectively they move the chicken pen daily, so that the grass is evenly fertilized. Pollan explains that this farm runs on a balance where every animal has a job to do that somehow helps to sustain the farm. The polyface farm is three generations old and was started when the families original land in Venezuela was taken. From the beginning their goal was sustainable, environmentally friendly, healthy and community oriented farming. They achieved this goal as they live basically off the farm only buying odds and ends from grocery stores. The final chapter talks about the processing of the farms chickens, which they do outside in the open air. First the chickens are collected into a crate and moved to a killing cone where they are bled out and then put in scalding water. From here they are plucked of their feathers, their head and feet are cut off, their viscera are removed and finally they are put in a bath of ice water. Pollan ends this section with explaining that our industrial style food system depends on people not understanding how their food is made and buying locally you protest against huge grocery corporations like Walmart. He then proceeds to describe a local dinner he makes for his friends at home in Charlottesville using Polyface chicken, which his guests agreed tasted more chicken-like than store bought breast. There were a lot of things that I liked about these chapters some of which include the grass farmers, the comparison of grain to a industrial commodity and connectedness of Polyface farm.
Grass farmers is a term I've never heard before, but its makes sense and its clever. The way they see it they raise animals, but they see also see themselves as raising grass where grass is the keystone species. They see their animals as being solar powered and grass is mechanism by which they collect this solar energy. This type of farming is also very eco-friendly because they use much less petroleum than conventional animal farming and their animals are healthier so it's a win win. I liked the section on grass farmers, but I also liked the comparison of grain to a industrial commodity.
Pollan makes the claim that grain is the closest thing in nature to an industrial commodity. To back up this claim he explains that just like an industrial commondity it can be stored, portable and accumulated. Grain can also be traded, used to form wealth and used as a weapon because the stronger the grain storage the stronger the country. I liked the comparison of grain to an industrial commodity, but I also liked the connectedness and balance present in the Polyfarm.
The polyfarm seems to run perfectly well, but only because each animal had a job to do and in some way helps the farm run. For example, the cows trim the grass and fertilize it with their manure. The chickens can then move through the grass because its short enough and they get valuable protein from the worms in the cow poop, while depositing nitrogen into the soil as part of their waste products. The whole operation is based on grass, the grass feeds the animals and the animals then feed the grass with their droppings.
All in all, chapters ten to thirteen in The Omnivores Dilemma by Michael Pollan explored the grass farming world in its entirety. Some of the things I liked includes the grass farmers, the comparison of grains to industrial commodities and the balance of polyface farm. The benefits of grass fed meat seems universal and suddenly my factory farmed Mexican chicken salad seems much less appealing.


Nanowerk discussed engineers turning food waste into clean energy.
The Irish Examiner reported on efforts by Aldi and Lidl to expand in the U.S.
The San Francisco Chronicle reported on a new entry into the internet grocery market.
USAgNet discussed a study on a link between obesity and food container chemicals.


text:
Dean "Tex" Martin: Country Style – studyjny album muzyczny piosenkarza Deana Martina nagrany i wydany w 1963 roku przez Reprise Records. Był to pierwszy album Martina z muzyką country, zaaranżowany przez Dona Coste.

Utwory

Przypisy

Albumy muzyczne wydane w roku 1963
Albumy Reprise Records
Albumy studyjne
Albumy Deana Martina

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