text:
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Dec;1758(12):2027-36. Epub 2006 Nov 1.
A house divided: ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate in programmed cell death.
Taha TA1, Mullen TD, Obeid LM.
Division of General Internal Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Hospital, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
Programmed cell death is an important physiological response to many forms of cellular stress. The signaling cascades that result in programmed cell death are as elaborate as those that promote cell survival, and it is clear that coordination of both protein- and lipid-mediated signals is crucial for proper cell execution. Sphingolipids are a large class of lipids whose diverse members share the common feature of a long-chain sphingoid base, e.g., sphingosine. Many sphingolipids have been shown to play essential roles in both death signaling and survival. Ceramide, an N-acylsphingosine, has been implicated in cell death following a myriad of cellular stresses. Sphingosine itself can induce cell death but via pathways both similar and dissimilar to those of ceramide. Sphingosine-1-phosphate, on the other hand, is an anti-apoptotic molecule that mediates a host of cellular effects antagonistic to those of its pro-apoptotic sphingolipid siblings. Extraordinarily, these lipid mediators are metabolically juxtaposed, suggesting that the regulation of their metabolism is of the utmost importance in determining cell fate. In this review, we briefly examine the role of ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate in programmed cell death and highlight the potential roles that these lipids play in the pathway to apoptosis.
Multiple pathways of cellular stress lead to MMP and apoptosis
Genotoxic stress activates p53 and "BH-3 only" proteins such as Noxa and Puma that promote MMP and the release of death factors from the mitochondrion. Cathepsins are released during lysosomal stress and result in the cleavage of Bid, which translocates to the mitochondrion to promote MMP. ER stress can be manifested by dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and subsequent accumulation of calcium in the mitochondria, leading to MMP. Finally, death receptor activation can lead to a multifaceted pathway that may involve lysosomal disruption, caspase 8-mediated Bid cleavage, mitochondrial disruption, and caspase activation.
A house divided: ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate in programmed cell death
Biochim Biophys Acta. ;1758(12):2027-2036.
Ceramide is a central mediator of many apoptotic pathways
Following genotoxic stress, ceramide accumulates, but it is still unclear whether the increase is dependent or independent of p53. Signaling through the lysosomes involves increases in ceramide via aSMase. Ceramide can directly activate the lysosomal protease cathepsin D which can subsequently cleave and activate Bid. Another direct target of ceramide is protein phosphatase 2A, which is known to negatively regulate the prosurvival kinase Akt/PKB. Both PP2A and Akt/PKB regulate the Bax/Bcl-2 rheostat; if the PP2A prevails, as is the case in ceramide signaling, Bax prevails over Bcl-2 and the mitochondrion is permeabilized. Death receptor activation can lead to ceramide formation via nSMase and caspase 8-mediated cleavage of Bid; lysosomes may also be activated downstream of death receptors, with both signals converging on MMP. Additionally, generation of ceramide from sphingomyelin hydrolysis in mitochondria results in Bax translocation and MMP.
Sphingosine and S1P in apoptosis
(A) Sphingosine mediates cell death through the inhibition of the prosurvival factors PKC and Akt/PKB and induces death via SDK1, which leads to Bax activation through inhibition of 14-3-3 proteins. (B) S1P inhibits apoptosis by activating prosurvival factors such as Akt/PKB, NF-κ B, ERK, and NO. Ceramide-induced death may also be inhibited by S1P through the inactivation JNK or other factors that promote PCD.
Apoptosis/physiology*
Ceramides/physiology*
Lysophospholipids/physiology*
Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives*
Sphingosine/physiology*
Ceramides
Lysophospholipids
sphingosine 1-phosphate
Sphingosine
P01 CA097132/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
R01 AG016583/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
R01 GM062887/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States


text:
'use strict';

var path = require('path');

module.exports = [
    {
        Class: require.resolve('./eslint-adapter'),
        configFile: path.join(__dirname, './configs/yandex-node/.eslintrc')
    },
    {
        Class: require.resolve('./jscs-adapter'),
        configFile: path.join(__dirname, './configs/yandex-node/.jscsrc')
    }
];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Flag Officer Biographies
CNR Announces 2020 Navy Reserve Sailor of the Year During Virtual Ceremony
From Chief of Navy Reserve Public Affairs
WASHINGTON - The 2020 Navy Reserve Sailor of the Year (RSOY) was announced by Chief of Navy Reserve Vice Adm. John Mustin through a livestream broadcast of the ceremony event from the Navy Yard in Washington, D.C., May 7.
Sailor of the Year Navy Reserve RSOY CNR Chief of Navy Reserve
Naval Aircrewman (Mechanical) 1st Class Kody Sims, assigned to Fleet Logistics Support Squadron Five Five (VR-55), Naval Air Station Point Mugu, Calif., was selected from three finalists as the fiscal year 2020's top Reserve enlisted Sailor.
Sims, a Marianna Florida, native, was joined by Hospital Corpsman 1st Class Ronnie Heen, assigned to Force Headquarters Group, Marine Forces Reserve, during the 2020 RSOY week which was held virtually from May 3 to May 7 and culminated in the winner's selection during a virtual ceremony. The third nominee, Naval Air Crewman Tactical Helicopter 1st Class Calder Epes, assigned to Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron Four One, was removed from the competition after he was selected for Officer Candidate School and will go on to receive his commission at a later date.
The ceremony streamed live from the Navy Museum on board the Navy Yard where Mustin and Kotz were joined by the master of ceremonies, 2019 Reserve Sailor of the Year, Chief Naval Aircrewman (Mechanical) Amanda Rodgers. The nominees and their families joined virtually from their homes to limit travel and crowds during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Leading up to the ceremony, Kotz was joined by a team of master chiefs who chaired the virtual board and ultimately made the recommendation to Mustin for the finalist. According to Kotz, the selection was no easy task.
"I cannot stress to you the difficulty it is to measure the absolute excellence of these two Sailors," Kotz said during his remarks. "I'm so proud of the professionalism, the tenacity, the dedication that our two boards put together to render the final recommendation."
Following his remarks, Kotz introduced Mustin who reemphasized the excellence of the two finalists, particularly compared to a pool of excellent and dedicated candidates.
"What I want everyone to understand is that we have 12,000 first class petty officers in the Navy Reserve, and we're selecting one," Mustin said, minutes before announcing the winner. "We've already narrowed it down from a little over a dozen to two. And I can assure you that both of these Sailors have distinguished themselves from thousands of others who are also doing great work around the world, in every theater of the globe, in every moment in time."
Finally, Mustin announced the winner and after a virtual award presentation, Sims had the opportunity to present his own remarks.
"Every Sailor that I have had an interaction with throughout my career, I've been able to pull a positive or constructive piece of insight from, which has ultimately helped me improve," said Sims after thanking the many leaders and Sailors who had helped him throughout his career. "I feel that is what makes us great as a Navy, the diversity of our people … a diversity that introduces you to new and different ideas that can only guide you to improvement. I am very humbled and excited to accept this selection today, and I
cannot wait to take what I learned through this process back to the fleet and work with the Sailors to become the best Navy Reserve that we can be."
Sims will be promoted to the rank of chief petty officer during the Chief of Naval Operations Sailor of the Year ceremony at a later date. Heen will be awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal by his command for being selected as a finalist in the competition.
Late Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Elmo Zumwalt and Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Jack Whittet initiated the Sailor of the Year program in 1972 to recognize outstanding Atlantic and Pacific Fleet Sailors. The program was later expanded to honor the top Shore and Reserve Force Sailors of the Year.
For 106 years, the Navy Reserve has been a ready, agile force providing valuable, vital support to the Navy and the Nation. The Ready Reserve Force consists of approximately 48,209 Selected Reserve (SELRES) Sailors, 10,163 Full Time Support (FTS) members, 50,223 Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) members and over 428 civilians. This force of over 100,000 delivers strategic depth and warfighting readiness to the Navy and Marine Corps team, and the Joint Force in times of peace and war.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Since 2015, Stateside sneakerheads have enjoyed the convenience of Nike's SNKRS app when trying to land the hottest drops on the go. After two years of waiting, Europe finally received its own version.
Dubbed SNEAKRS – likely to avoid confusion with French boutique SNKRS – the app is now available in 19 countries – including France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK – in 14 languages, and on iOS and Android.
To celebrate the launch, Nike will restock the platform with a number of previously sold out releases, including the Air Jordan 1 'Royal' and Air Jordan 11 'Space Jam'. The sought-after sneakers will release through 'flash drops', which will rollout from August 18. If your phone is out of action, don't stress – you'll be able to access the drops on desktop, too.


text:
Berks professor uses eBooks to publish undergraduate research
Image: Adapted from Flickr user michaelwm25
Katie Bohn
The Schuylkill River Trail has a bit of a reputation in Reading.
Local residents see the one-mile stretch of the river and its accompanying trail that runs through their town as a place marred by poverty, pollution and crime, thanks in part to a homicide that happened on the trail several years ago.
But Laurie Grobman, a professor of English and women's studies at Penn State Berks, (along with several colleagues, students and community partners) sees the trail as something the community desperately needs: the potential for a safe place for children and other members of the community to interact with nature.
This spring, Grobman is using digital technologies to spread positive stories about the trail to the people of Reading. She hopes the stories — which will be written and published by students in her spring 2016 English 472 course — will change people's minds and raise awareness about cleaning up the trail.
"I'm hoping that publishing these stories digitally as an eBook will get more people reading these stories than if we published them traditionally," said Grobman. "We'd love to get as many people from the community involved in cleaning up the trail as we can — it's essential for turning the trail into a well-maintained recreational spot."
Grobman and her project team — which includes instructional designer Heather Hughes and instructional multimedia designer Mary Ann Mengel — will be publishing the eBook as part of Grobman's fellowship with Information Technology Services' TLT Fellows program. The program partners staff members from Teaching and Learning with Technology (TLT) at Penn State's University Park campus with faculty members interested in experimenting with new ways of using information technology in higher education.
Although this is the first year that Grobman is focusing on the Schuylkill River Trail, she's been doing versions of the project with her students for several years. She's previously had her students write about several different underrepresented groups in the Reading area, including the Jewish and African-American communities.
Previously, the finished books were sent to a publisher to be printed and bound at the end of the semester. Bart Pursel, manager of faculty programs in TLT, says this was where he saw an opportunity for technology to step in.
"A challenge in the past with Laurie's project has been finding the funds to physically publish and distribute the book at the end of the semester. Plus, you can only print so many," said Pursel. "We wanted to approach her about ways technology could help. After all, you're not going to run out of eBooks."
To begin, Grobman and her team researched different digital publication tools and processes. At Hughes' suggestion, Mengel and Grobman decided on Sites at Penn State — a Penn State service that hosts easy-to-build websites — and the Anthologize plug-in, which will take the individual stories and combine them into an eBook.
"Using Sites at Penn State will create a collaborative writing and publishing workflow for the students," said Mengel. "Meanwhile, the Anthologize plug-in will enable publishing the collection as an eBook."
To test the new process and smooth out the kinks, Grobman piloted the project in her fall 2015 Civic and Community Engagement course. The students experimented with the technology to make sure it got the results Grobman wanted. Additionally, the team wanted to make the project's previous volumes available online.
To help with this process, the team hired Rebecca Jonas — a student studying information sciences and technology at Penn State Berks — to help reformat, upload and copy edit the books' content. She will also help this semester's students if and when they run into technical issues as they work on their stories.
Jonas says that in addition to helping others learn, she's also had learning experiences of her own. She says working on the project has let her further explore her own interest in design by helping improve the usability of the eBooks. For example, Jonas was able to tweak the location of the 'next chapter' button that appears at the end of each chapter.
"The button used to be below the bibliography on the last page of the chapter. I suggested we move it above the bibliography so readers aren't required to scroll through 40 footnotes before they can get to the next chapter, although the information is there if they want it," Jonas said. "This may seem like a small change, but being able to use my knowledge of intuitive usability design to help this project has been a great experience for me."
This type of out-of-the-classroom learning is one of the reasons Pursel says the project is a good example of Penn State's Engaged Scholarship Initiative, which stresses the importance of students getting academic experience out of the classroom as well as in it. But he says an even better example is the practice Grobman's students will get participating in community-based research.
While working on their stories, Grobman's students not only have to hone their writing and digital publishing skills, but also interview and interact with community members — skills they wouldn't normally build sitting in a classroom.
"An experience like this, where students get out of their comfort zone and interact with members of community, can help build empathy," said Pursel. "Talking to these people and hearing their stories is more impactful than reading something in a textbook, and hopefully they can pass that experience on through the completed book."
Grobman and her team hope that publishing the books digitally will help preserve and spread the stories of the region to a broader audience.
"In the past, the cost of printing books prevented them from being widely available," said Mengel. "The digital publication process will make it possible for more people to read and learn from our students' work in sharing the histories of racial, ethnic and cultural communities of Berks County."
For Jonas, working on the project has made her realize the importance of telling stories in any form. She says that while going through previous years' books, the volume "A History of the Jewish Community in Reading and Berks County" impacted her the most. To her surprise, though, Jonas said it wasn't the tragic accounts of the ways Nazis treated Jews in Europe that hit her the hardest — it was the stories of kindness shared between the Holocaust survivors.
"Stories are crucial to cultural education because they don't just present facts — they present the nature of human behavior," said Jonas. "They show that even when all signs point to someone becoming hardened and cold, a simple positive experience they remember can keep their outlook optimistic and hopeful."
Grobman says she hopes the project ignites a similar passion among her own students, especially in the area of research, something undergraduates don't get a lot of experience doing in other classes. She says that much like the trail they're hoping to rehabilitate, research is about embarking on a path, eager to see how it ends.
Children examine a freshwater snail at the edge of the Schuylkill River.
IMAGE: Courtesy of Laurie Grobman
Laurie Grobman standing with some of the children in her hiking club.
kej5009@psu.edu
Students preview college life through New Student Orientation
Grobman recognized with President's Award for academic integration
Academics, Campus Life, Featured Courses, Impact, Pennsylvania, Sustainability
Berks, information technology, IT, Laurie Grobman, Schuylkill River Trail
Alumni, Business and Industry, Faculty and Staff, Students, Visitors and Neighbors


text:
Author: International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.
SELD; holding; capital transfer; usable currency; use of fund's resource; Japanese yen; signature authority decision; Currencies; Credit; Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS); Loans; Multiple currency practices; Global; West Africa; Africa
SELECTED DECISIONS AND SELECTED DOCUMENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
THIRTY-EIGHTH ISSUE
© 2016 International Monetary Fund
Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Joint Bank-Fund Library
International Monetary Fund.
Selected decisions and selected documents of the International Monetary Fund. — Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1962-
v. cm.
1st (1962)-
1. International Monetary Fund—Periodicals. 2. International finance—Periodicals.
HG3881.5.I58 I59
ISBN-13: 978-1-51358-187-3 (paper)
ISBN-13: 978-1-51358-838-9 (web PDF)
Please send orders to:
International Monetary Fund, Publication Services
P.O. Box 92780, Washington, D.C. 20009, U.S.A.
Telephone: (202) 623-7430 Fax: (202) 623-7201
E-mail: publications@imf.org
Internet: www.elibrary.imf.org
www.imfbookstore.org
This volume is the Thirty-Eighth Issue of Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund. It includes decisions, interpretations, and resolutions of the Executive Board and the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund, as well as selected documents, to which frequent reference is made in the current activities of the Fund. In addition, it includes certain documents relating to the Fund, the United Nations, and other international organizations.
As with other recent issues, the number of decisions in force continues to increase, with the decision format tending to be longer given the use of summings up in lieu of formal decisions. Accordingly it has become necessary to delete certain decisions that were included in earlier issues, that is, those that only completed or called for reviews of decisions, those that lapsed, and those that were superseded by more recent decisions.
Wherever reference is made in these decisions and documents to a provision of the Fund's Articles of Agreement or Rules and Regulations that has subsequently been renumbered by, or because of, the Second Amendment of the Fund's Articles of Agreement (effective April 1, 1978), the corresponding provision currently in effect is cited in a footnote.
A compact disc (CD) containing the texts of the Thirty-Eighth Issue, the Articles of Agreement, and By-Laws, Rules and Regulations is available from the Fund.
Sean Hagan
The General Counsel
Director of the Legal Department
SELECTED DECISIONS AND RESOLUTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
OTHER SELECTED RESOLUTIONS AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
SELECTED DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE FUND, THE UNITED NATIONS, AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
LIST OF DECISIONS BY NUMBER
LIST OF BOARD OF GOVERNORS' RESOLUTIONS
INTERPRETATIONS UNDER ARTICLE XXIX (a)
Quotas and Subscriptions
Adjustment of Quotas
Reform of Quota and Voice in the International Monetary Fund
Fourteenth General Review of Quotas and Reform of the Executive Board
Gold and Currency Subscribed to the Fund and Accounting by Members for Transactions with the Fund
Guidelines on Payment of Reserve Assets in Connection with Subscriptions
Exchange Arrangements and Surveillance
General Decisions
Notification of Exchange Arrangements Under Article IV, Section 2
The Chairman's Summing Up—Modernizing the Legal Framework for Surveillance—An Integrated Surveillance Decision, Executive Board Meeting 12/72, July 18, 2012
Decision on Bilateral and Multilateral Surveillance
The Chairman's Summing Up—2014 Triennial Surveillance Review Executive Board Meeting 14/90, September 26, 2014
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Macroeconomic Issues in Small States and Implications for Fund Engagement, Executive Board Meeting 13/21, March 11, 2013
Surveillance over Monetary Unions
Surveillance over Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies: Members of Euro Area
Modalities for Surveillance over Euro-Area Policies in Context of Article IV Consultations with Member Countries
Modalities for Surveillance over Central African Economic and Monetary Union Policies in Context of Article IV Consultations with Member Countries
Modalities for Surveillance over Eastern Caribbean Currency Union Policies in Context of Article IV Consultations with Member Countries
Modalities for Surveillance over West African Economic and Monetary Union Policies in Context of Article IV Consultations with Member Countries
Capital Flows Trade, and Sovereign Wealth Funds
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—The Liberalization and Management of Capital Flows—An Institutional View, Executive Board Meeting 12/105, November 16, 2012
The Chairman's Summing Up—Review of the Role of Trade in the Work of the Fund, Executive Board Meeting 15/21, February 27, 2015
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Sovereign Wealth Funds—The Santiago Principles—Generally Accepted Principles and Practices Developed by the International Working Group, Executive Board Meeting 08/87, October 3, 2008
Governance Issues and Military Expenditures
The Role of the Fund in Governance Issues—Guidance Note EBS/97/125, July 2, 1997
Concluding Remarks by the Acting Chairman—Military Expenditure and the Role of the Fund, Executive Board Meeting 91/138, October 2, 1991
Surveillance Procedures
Article IV Consultation Cycles
Proposed Steps to Address Excessive Delays in the Completion of Article IV Consultations
Surveillance Procedures—Implementation of Three-Month Period
Article IV Consultation Documentation—Recent Economic Developments
Guidelines on Minimum Circulation Periods for Executive Board Documents—Amendment
Lapse of Time Procedures for Article IV Consultations
ARTICLE V, SECTION 2(b)
Technical and Financial Services
Enhanced Surveillance: Procedures for Transmittal of Staff Reports
Enhanced Surveillance: Midterm Review
Summing Up by the Chairman—Biennial Review of the Fund's Surveillance Policy, Executive Board Meeting 93/15, January 29, 1993
Summing Up by the Acting Chairman—Settlement of Disputes Between Members Relating to External Financial Obligations—Role of the Fund, Executive Board Meeting 84/99, June 22, 1984
The Chairman's Summing Up of the Discussion of the Role of the Fund in Assisting Members with Commercial Banks and Official Creditors, Executive Board Meeting 85/132, September 4, 1985
Financial Sector Assessment Program and G-20 Mutual Assessment
Summing Up by the Acting Chairman—Financial Sector Assessment Program—A Review—Lessons from the Pilot and Issues Going Forward, Executive Board Meeting 00/123, December 13, 2000
Mandatory Financial Stability Assessments Under the Financial Sector Assessment Program—Update
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Mandatory Financial Stability Assessments Under the Financial Sector Assessment Program—Update, Executive Board Meeting 13/111, December 6, 2013
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Review of the Financial Sector Assessment Program—Further Adaptation to the Post-Crisis Era, Executive Board Meeting 14/85, September 15, 2014
Confidentiality Protocol—Protection of Sensitive Information in the Financial Sector Assessment Program
The G-20 Mutual Assessment Process and the Role of the Fund
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Review of the Fund's Involvement in the G-20 Mutual Assessment Process, Executive Board Meeting 11/56, June 3, 2011
Observance of Standards and Codes
Reports on Observance of Standards and Codes
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—2011 Review of the Standards and Codes Initiative, Executive Board Meeting 11/24, March 9, 2011
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Ninth Review of the Fund's Data Standards Initiatives, Executive Board Meeting 15/43, May 1, 2015
Offshore Financial Centers
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Offshore Financial Centers—Report on the Assessment Program and Proposal for Integration with the Financial Sector Assessment Program, Executive Board Meeting 08/48, May 30, 2008
Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism
Summing Up by the Acting Chair—Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism—Proposals to Assess a Global Standard and to Prepare ROSCs, Executive Board Meeting 02/80, July 26, 2002
Report on Outcome of FATF Plenary Meeting and Endorsement of Methodology for Assessing Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering and Combating Financing of Terrorism Standard
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Twelve-Month Pilot Program of Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/ CFT) Assessments—Joint Report on the Review of the Pilot Program, Executive Board Meeting 04/29, March 24, 2004
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT)—Report on the Review of the Effectiveness of the Program, Executive Board Meeting 11/55, June 1, 2011
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Review of the Fund's Strategy on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism, Executive Board Meeting 14/22, March 12, 2014
Framework Administered Account
Technical Assistance—Establishment of Framework Administered Account
Establishment of a New Framework Administered Account for Selected Fund Activities
Policy Support Instrument
Policy Support Instrument—Framework
Modifications of the Fund's Conditionality Framework—Application to the Policy Support Instrument
Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust
A New Architecture of Facilities for Low-Income Countries and Reform of the Fund's Concessional Financing Framework
Financing for Development—Enhancing the Financial Safety Net for Developing Countries—Review of Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust Access Limits
Partial Distribution of the General Reserve Attributed to Windfall Gold Sale Profits
Instrument to Establish the Interim Administered Account for Remaining Windfall Gold Sales Profits
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2014 and FY 2015–2016—PRG Trust Reimbursement for FY 2014
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2015 and FY 2016—Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust Reimbursement for FY 2015
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust—Review of Interest Rate Structure, Executive Board Meeting 14/109, December 10, 2014
The Chairman's Summing Up—Macroeconomic and Operational Challenges in Countries in Fragile Situations, Executive Board Meeting 11/72, July 7, 2011
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Revisiting the Debt Sustainability Framework for Low-Income Countries, Executive Board Meeting 12/16, February 15, 2012
The Chairman's Summing Up—Proposal to Enhance Fund Support for Low-Income Countries Hit by Public Health Disasters, Executive Board Meeting 15/12, February 4, 2015
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Reform of the Fund's Policy on Poverty Reduction Strategies in Fund Engagement with Low-Income Countries—Proposals, Executive Board Meeting, 15/62, June 22, 2015
Facilitating Mobilization of Loan Resources for Concessional Lending to Low-Income Countries
Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility Trust—Other Provisions
Transformation of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility
Establishment of General Policy to Condition Waiver Decisions Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust on Accuracy of Information Regarding Performance Criteria
Access Limits Under Poverty and Growth Facility—Review
Contributions to PRGF and PRGF-HIPC Trusts—Value Date for Operations and Transactions
Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility Trust—Borrowing for Loan Account—Consultation with Creditors
The Chairman's Summing Up of the Discussion on the Enhancement of the Structural Adjustment Facility—Operational Arrangements, Executive Board Meeting 87/171, December 15, 1987
The Chairman's Remarks at the Conclusion of the Discussion on the Enhancement of the Structural Adjustment Facility—Legal Documentation, Executive Board Meeting 87/176, December 18, 1987
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries
Establishment of a Trust for Special Poverty Reduction and Growth Operations for the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries and Interim ECF Subsidy Operations (PRG-HIPC Trust)
Trust for Special ESAF Operations for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries and Interim ESAF Subsidy Operations—Terms and Conditions for Administration of Account Provided Under Section III, Paragraph 5(b) of Trust
The Chairman's Summing Up at the Conclusion of the Discussion on the Modalities for Special ESAF Operations in the Context of the HIPC Initiative and Other ESAF Issues, Executive Board Meeting 97/10, February 4, 1997
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—HIPC Initiative—Status of Implementation; Background Papers on the Achievement of Long-Term External Debt Sustainability and External Debt Management in HIPCs; and Update on Financing of PRGF and HIPC Operations and Subsidization of Post-Conflict Emergency Assistance, Executive Board Meeting 02/40, April 9, 2002
Summing Up by the Chairman—Enhanced Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) and Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs)—Progress Reports and Review of Implementation, Executive Board Meeting 00/90, September 5, 2000
Summing Up by the Acting Chairman—Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries—Proposal for Streamlining Preliminary Documents, Executive Board Meeting 00/108, November 3, 2000
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—2005 Review of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Approach—Balancing Accountabilities and Scaling Up Results—Synthesis, Executive Board Meeting 05/78, September 9, 2005
Joint Staff Advisory Notes—Amendments to Streamline Modalities
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI)—Status of Implementation and Proposals for the Future of the HIPC Initiative, Executive Board Meeting 11/115, November 30, 2011
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative—Status of Implementation, Executive Board Meeting 05/78, September 9, 2005
Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
Proposal to Enhance Fund Support for Low-Income Countries Hit by Public Health Disasters—Transformation of the Post-Catastrophe Debt Relief (PCDR) Trust into the Catastrophe Containment and Relief (CCR) Trust and Liquidation of the MDRI-I Trust
Liquidation of the MDRI-II Trust—Establishment of a Post-MDRI-II Trust Interim Administered Account
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2014 and FY 2015–2016—MDRI-I Trust Reimbursement for FY 2014
Liquidation of the MDRI-II Trust—Liquidation of the MDRI-II Trust and Transfer of the Remaining Balances
Administered Accounts
Catastrophe Containment and Relief (CCR) Trust
Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust Fund—Establishment and Related Matters
Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust Fund—Umbrella Account—Establishment of Account and Terms and Conditions
ARTICLE V, SECTION 3(a), (b), AND (c)
Use of Fund Resources
Interpretation of Articles of Agreement
Use of Fund's Resources for Capital Transfers
Use of Fund's Resources: Meaning of "Consistent with the Provisions of This Agreement" in Article V, Section 3
Use of Fund's Resources: Meaning of Article V, Section 3(b)(ii)
Guidelines on Conditionality
Relationship Between Performance Criteria and Phasing of Purchases Under Fund Arrangements—Operational Guidelines
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Review of Conditionality, Executive Board Meeting 12/84, September 5, 2012
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Reform of the Policy on Public Debt Limits in Fund-Supported Programs, Executive Board Meeting 14/107, December 5, 2014
Reform of the Policy on Public Debt Limits in Fund-Supported Programs
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Review of the Policy on Debt Limits in Fund-Supported Programs, Executive Board Meeting 13/26, March 22, 2013
Guidelines on Performance Criteria with Respect to Foreign Borrowing—Change in Implementation of Revised Guidelines
Reduction of Blackout Periods in GRA Arrangements
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Conditionality in Evolving Monetary Policy Regimes, Executive Board Meeting 14/28, March 26, 2014
Conditionality Governing the Use of Fund Resources
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—GRA Lending Toolkit and Conditionality—Reform Proposals, Executive Board Meeting 09/29 March 24, 2009
Elimination of Certain Special Facilities
Use of Fund Resources—Side Letters
Summing Up by the Acting Chair—Review of Side Letters and the Use of Fund Resources, Executive Board Meeting 02/59, June 12, 2002
Misreporting and Noncomplying Purchases in the General Resources Account—Guidelines on Corrective Action
Making the Misreporting Policies Less Onerous in De Minimis Cases
Establishment of General Policy to Condition Decisions in the General Resources Account on Accuracy of Information Regarding Implementation of Prior Actions
Establishment of General Policy to Condition Waiver Decisions in the General Resources Account on Accuracy of Information Regarding Performance Criteria
Overdue Financial Obligations—Amended Decisions
Establishment of General Policy to Condition Decisions Under the Extended Credit Facility, Standby Credit Facility and Exogenous Shocks Facility on Accuracy of Information Regarding Implementation of Prior Actions
Failure to Meet a Repurchase Expectation and Use of Fund's General Resources, Executive Board Meeting 85/26, February 20, 1985
Summing Up by the Acting Chairman on Strengthening Safeguards on the Use of Fund Resources and Misreporting of Information to the Fund—Policies, Procedures, and Remedies—Preliminary Considerations, Executive Board Meeting 00/32, March 23, 2000
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Safeguards Assessments—Review of Experience and Next Steps, Executive Board Meeting 02/26, March 14, 2002
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Safeguards Assessments—Review of Experience; The Safeguards Policy—Independent Panel's Advisory Report, Executive Board Meeting 10/76, July 23, 2010
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Safeguards Assessments—Review of Experience, Executive Board Meeting 15/96, October 23, 2015
Credit Tranche Policies and Facilities
Stand-By Arrangements
General Policies on Use of the Fund's Resources: Tranche Policies
Summing Up by the Acting Chair—Lessons from the Real-Time Assessments of Structural Conditionality, Executive Board Meeting 02/36, April 3, 2002
Extended Fund Facility
Stand-By and Extended Arrangements—Standard Forms
Completion of Reviews Under Stand-By and Extended Arrangements
Flexible Credit Line (FCL) Arrangements
The Fund's Financing Role—Reform Proposals on Liquidity and Emergency Assistance—Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) Arrangements
The Fund's Financing Role—Reform Proposals on Liquidity and Emergency Assistance—Review of Decisions on FCL Arrangements and PLL Arrangements
The Chairman's Summing Up—Review of the Flexible Credit Line and Precautionary Credit Line; The Fund's Financing Role—Reform Proposals on Liquidity and Emergency Assistance, Executive Board Meeting 11/112, November 21, 2011
The Chairman's Summing Up—Review of the Flexible Credit Line, the Precautionary and Liquidity Line, and the Rapid Financing Instrument, Executive Board Meeting 14/15, February 14, 2014
Review of the Flexible Credit Line, the Precautionary and Liquidity Line, and the Rapid Financing Instrument—Next Review
Statement by the Staff Representative on the Review of the Flexible Credit Line, the Precautionary and Liquidity Line, and the Rapid Financing Instrument—Specific Proposals, Executive Board Meeting, June 11, 2014
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Review of the Flexible Credit Line, the Precautionary and Liquidity Line, and the Rapid Financing Instrument—Specific Proposals, Executive Board Meeting 14/46, May 21, 2014
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Review of the Flexible Credit Line, the Precautionary and Liquidity Line, and the Rapid Financing Instrument—Specific Proposals—Annex, Executive Board Meeting 14/53, June 11, 2014
Omnibus Paper on Easing Work Pressures
The Chairman's Summing Up—Selected Streamlining Proposals Under the FY16–18 Medium-Term Budget—Implementation Issues, Executive Board Meeting 15/39, April 23, 2015
The Fund's Financing Role—Reform Proposals on Liquidity and Emergency Assistance—Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI)
Financing for Development—Enhancing the Financial Safety Net for Developing Countries—Review of Rapid Financing Instrument Access Limits
Summing Up by the Acting Chairman—Fund Assistance to Post-Conflict Countries, Executive Board Meeting 99/38, April 5, 1999
The Chairman's Summing Up—The Role of the Fund in Low-Income Countries, Executive Board Meeting 08/6, July 23, 2008
The Chairman's Summing Up—Review of Facilities for Low-Income Countries, Executive Board Meeting 12/85, September 6, 2012
Trade-Related Balance of Payments Adjustment—Fund Support
Trade Integration Mechanism
Arrears to Creditors and Debt Strategy
Review of Fund Policies and Procedure on Payments Arrears, Executive Board Meeting 80/154, October 17, 1980
Summing Up by the Chairman—Fund Involvement in the Debt Strategy, Executive Board Meeting 89/61, May 23, 1989
The Chairman's Summing Up—Reforming the Fund's Policy on Non-toleration of Arrears to Official Creditors Executive Board Meeting 15/113, December 8, 2015
Summing Up by the Acting Chairman—Fund Policy on Arrears to Private Creditors—Further Considerations, Executive Board Meeting 99/64, June 14, 1999
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Fund Policy on Lending into Arrears to Private Creditors—Further Consideration of the Good Faith Criterion, Executive Board Meeting 02/92, September 4, 2002
Fund's Policy on Lending into Arrears
Summing Up by the Chairman—Management of the Debt Situation, Executive Board Meeting 91/48, April 3, 1991
The Acting Chairman's Summing Up on the Role of the Fund in the Settlement of Disputes Between Members Relating to External Financial Obligations, Executive Board Meeting 84/99, June 22, 1984
Access Policy and Limits in the Credit Tranches and Under the Extended Fund Facility and on Overall Access to the Fund's General Resources, and Exceptional Access Policy—Review and Modification
Summing Up by the Acting Chair—Access Policy in Capital Account Crises, Executive Board Meeting 02/94, September 6, 2002
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Review of Access Policy Under the Credit Tranches and the Extended Fund Facility, and Access Policy in Capital Account Crises—Modifications to the Supplemental Reserve Facility and Follow-Up Issues Related to Exceptional Access Policy, Executive Board Meeting 03/16, February 26, 2003
Summing Up by the Acting Chair—Review of Exceptional Access Policy, Executive Board Meeting 04/36, April 14, 2004
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—The Fund's Lending Framework and Sovereign Debt—Further Considerations Executive Board Meeting 16/4, January 20, 2016
The Chairman's Summing Up—Crisis Prevention and Precautionary Arrangements—Status Report, Executive Board Meeting 04/90, September 24, 2004
Emergency Financing Mechanism and Post-Program Monitoring
Summing Up by the Chairman—Emergency Financing Mechanism, Executive Board Meeting 95/85, September 12, 1995
Post-Program Monitoring
ARTICLE V, SECTION 3(d) AND (f)
Media of Payment
Assessment of Strength of Member's Balance of Payments and Gross Reserve Position for the Purposes of Designation Plans, Operational Budgets, and Repurchases Under Article V, Section 7(b)
Transfers of SDRs Under Article V, Section 3(f)
Members with Outstanding Purchases
Review of Guidelines for Allocation of Currencies
Selection of Currencies by the Fund
ARTICLE V, SECTION 5
Ineligibility to Use the Fund's General Resources
Use of Fund's Resources: Limitation and Ineligibility Under Article V, Section 5
Use of Fund's Resources: Postponement and Limitation Under Article V, Section 5
Sales of SDRs by the Fund
Repurchases
Guidelines for Early Repurchase
Repurchase
Attribution of Reductions in Fund's Holdings of Currencies
ARTICLE V, SECTIONS 8 AND 9
Charges and Remuneration
Future Changes in Charges on Fund's Holdings of Members' Currencies in Excess of Quota
Surcharge on Purchases in Credit Tranches and Under Extended Fund Facility
Media of Payment in General Resources Account
Accounting for Charges from Members with Overdue Obligations
Special Charges on Overdue Financial Obligations to the Fund
Setoff in Connection with a Retroactive Reduction of Charges Due by Members in Arrears
Burden Sharing
Income Position—Burden Sharing—Implementation in FY 2000
Implementation of Burden Sharing in FY 2001
Burden Sharing—Implementation in FY 2007
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2012 and FY 2013–14—PRGT Reserve Account Transfer to Subsidy Account
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2014 and FY 2015–2016—The Rate of Charge on the Use of Fund Resources for FY 2015 and FY 2016
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2015 and FY 2016—The Rate of Charge on the Use of Fund Resources for FY 2016
ARTICLE V, SECTIONS 10 AND 11
Rates for Computations and Maintenance of Value
ARTICLE V, SECTION 12 (f)
Special Disbursement Account
Special Disbursement Account: Investment
Structural Adjustment Facility—Use of Resources of Special Disbursement Account—Regulations for Administration
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Eligibility to Use the Fund's Facilities for Concessional Financing, Executive Board Meeting 15/73, July 17, 2015
Structural Adjustment Facility—Use of Resources of Special Disbursement Account—List of Eligible Members and Amounts of Assistance
Eligibility to Use the Fund's Facilities for Concessional Financing—PRGT Eligibility Criteria
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Eligibility to Use the Fund's Facilities for Concessional Financing, Executive Board Meeting 12/17, February 17, 2012
Special Disbursement Account: Review of Structural Adjustment Facility and Establishment of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility
Special Disbursement Account: Transfer of Resources from the Special Disbursement Account to the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust and Retransfer to the Special Disbursement Account
Special Disbursement Account: Review of Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF), Termination of Authority to Make Commitments to Provide Assistance from SAF in Conjunction with Loans from ESAF Trust, and Transfer of Resources from SDA to ESAF Trust
Modalities of Gold Pledge for Use of PRGF Trust Resources Under Rights Approach
Annual Reimbursement of General Resources Account in Respect of Expenses of Conducting Business of PRGF-ESF Trust
ARTICLE VI, SECTION 1
Controls on Capital Transfers
General Arrangements to Borrow
Transferability of Claims Under General Arrangements to Borrow
New Arrangements to Borrow
The Rollback of Credit Arrangements in the New Arrangements to Borrow (NAB)—Change in Credit Arrangements and Amendment
New Arrangements to Borrow—Transferability of Claims
Establishment of the Borrowed Resources Suspense Accounts
Investment by the Fund of the Currencies Held in the Borrowed Resources Suspense Accounts
Guidelines for Borrowing by the Fund
The Chairman's Summing Up—Borrowing by the Fund—Proposed Modalities, Executive Board Meeting 12/58, June 15, 2012
A Framework for the Fund's Issuance of Notes to the Official Sector
ARTICLE VIII, SECTION 2(b)
Unenforceability of Exchange Contracts
Unenforceability of Exchange Contracts—Fund's Interpretation of Article VIII, Section 2(b)
ARTICLE VIII AND ARTICLE XIV
Payments Restrictions
Payments Restrictions for Security Reasons: Fund Jurisdiction
Bilateralism and Convertibility
Official Clearing and Payments Arrangements—Temporary Exemption from Three-Month Rule
Retention Quotas: Decision and Letter of Transmittal
Discrimination for Balance of Payments Reasons
Articles VIII and XIV
Payments Arrears in Current International Transactions
Payments Policies
Consultations on Members' Policies in Present Circumstances
Multiple Currency Practices
Statement to Members Transmitting Fund's Decisions on Multiple Currency Practices
Multiple Currency Practices—Policy
Multiple Currency Practices Applicable Solely to Capital Transactions
ARTICLE VIII, SECTION 5
Furnishing of Information
Strengthening the Effectiveness of Article VIII, Section 5
Summing Up by the Acting Chair—Review of Data Provision to the Fund for Surveillance Purposes, Executive Board Meeting 04/25, March 15, 2004
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Review of Data Provision to the Fund for Surveillance Purposes, Executive Board Meeting 08/38, May 2, 2008
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—2012 Review of Data Provision to the Fund for Surveillance Purposes, Executive Board Meeting 12/98, November 1, 2012
Summing Up by the Acting Chairman—Standards for the Dissemination of Economic and Financial Statistics to the Public by Member Countries and Implementation of the SDDS, Executive Board Meeting 96/36, April 12, 1996
Establishment of the Special Data Dissemination Standard Plus
Summing Up by the Acting Chairman—General Data Dissemination System, Executive Board Meeting 97/125, December 19, 1997
ARTICLE IX, SECTION 5
Review of the Fund's Transparency Policy—Archives Policy
Cooperation with Investigations on Fund Activities by Auditing Institutions of Members—Procedures
Privilege for Communications
Interpretation of Article IX, Section 7
Immunities and Privileges of Officers and Employees
Managing Director—Policy Statement on Immunity of Fund Officials
Relations with Other International Organizations
The IMF-World Bank Concordat (SM/89/54, Rev. 1)
Fund/Bank Collaboration: Invitation to the Bank to Send a Staff Member as an Observer, Executive Board Meeting 70/30, April 10, 1970
The Chairman's Summing Up at the Conclusion of the Discussion on Fund-Bank Collaboration and the Adjustment Process—Issues for Consideration, Executive Board Meeting 84/171, November 28, 1984
Concluding Remarks by the Acting Chairman—Bank-Fund Collaboration—Report of the Managing Director and the President; and Review of Collaboration in Strengthening Financial Systems, Executive Board Meeting 98/102, September 22, 1998
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Operational Framework for Debt Sustainability Assessments in Low-Income Countries—Further Considerations, Executive Board Meeting 05/34, April 11, 2005
European Central Bank—Observer Status
Guidelines/Framework for Fund Staff Collaboration with the New World Trade Organization
Exchange of Documents with Other International Agencies
Summing Up by the Chairman—Policy Orientation and Balance of Payments Assistance of Bilateral and Multilateral Aid Agencies, Executive Board Meeting 90/106, July 2, 1990
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—IMF Membership in the Financial Stability Board, Executive Board Meeting 10/86, September 8, 2010
IMF Membership in the Financial Stability Board
ARTICLE XII, SECTION 3
Adjustment of Quota and Voting Power
Code of Conduct for the Members of the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund
Executive Board Meetings—Procedural Guidelines, Executive Board Meeting 75/12, February 7, 1975
Summings Up and Concluding Remarks for Policy Items—Modification of Review and Finalization Process
Managing Director and Staff
Authorized Signatories
Reserves, Distribution of Net Income, and Investment
The Investment Account—Establishment
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Review of the Investment Strategy for the Fixed-Income Subaccount of the Investment Account, Executive Board Meeting 15/82, August 31, 2015
Review of the Investment Strategy for the Fixed-Income Subaccount of the Investment Account—Amendment to Rules and Regulations
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2014 and FY 2015–2016—Transfer of Investment Income for FY 2014 to General Resources Account
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2015 and FY 2016—Transfer of Investment Income for FY 2015 to General Resources Account
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2014 and FY 2015–2016—Placement of FY 2014 Net Income of the General Resources Account to the Special Reserve and the General Reserve
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2015 and FY 2016—Placement of FY 2015 Net Income of the General Resources Account to the Special Reserve and the General Reserve
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2013 and FY 2014—Transfer of Currencies to the Investment Account for FY 2013
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—Broadening the Fund's Investment Mandate—Additional Considerations, Executive Board Meeting 12/60, June 20, 2012
Use of Gold Sales Profits in the Investment Account
2013 Review of the Fund's Transparency Policy
Reform of the Fund's Policy on Poverty Reduction Strategies in Fund Engagement with Low-Income Countries—Web Posting of PRS Documentation
The Acting Chair's Summing Up—The Fund's Transparency Policy—Issues and Next Steps, Executive Board Meeting 03/87, September 12, 2003
Publicity upon Suspension of Voting Rights and Termination of Suspension
Concluding Remarks by the Acting Chairman—Strengthening the Application of the Guidelines on Misreporting, Executive Board Meeting 00/77, July 27, 2000
Summing Up by the Acting Chairman—Transparency and Use of Fund Resources, Executive Board Meeting 99/135, December 20, 1999
Summings Up for Internal Purposes on Use of Fund Resources
External Audit Firm Mandatory Rotation and Limits on Provision of Audit-Related Services and Non-Audit-Related Services
ARTICLE XIV
Restrictions on Payments and Transfers: Withdrawal
Meaning of "In Exceptional Circumstances" in Article XIV, Section 4
ARTICLE XV, SECTION 2
Valuation of the Special Drawing Right
SDR Valuation Basket—Revised Guidelines for Calculation of Currency Amounts
SDR Valuation Basket—Guidelines for the Calculation of Currency Amounts
Review of the Method of Valuation of the SDR
The Chairman's Summing Up—Review of the Method of Valuation of the SDR Executive Board Meeting 15/109, November 30, 2015
Review of the Method of Valuation of the SDR—Freely Usable Currency—Renminbi
Review of the Method of Valuation of the SDR—Method of SDR Valuation and Adjustment of Rule T-1(c)
Method of Collecting Exchange Rates for the Calculation of the Value of the SDR for the Purposes of Rule O-2(a)
ARTICLE XVII, SECTION 3
Special Drawing Rights: Other Holders
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)—Change in Terms and Conditions of Prescription as Holder of SDRs
Andean Reserve Fund—Holder of SDRs
Use of SDRs in Payment of Trust Fund Obligations
Use of SDRs in Payment of Subsidy
Use of SDRs in Operations Under the Structural Adjustment Facility
Use of SDRs in Financial Operations Under the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust or Under an Administered Account
Use of SDRs in Financial Operations Under the PRGF-HIPC Trustor Under an Administered Account
ARTICLE XVIII, SECTION 2
Allocation of Special Drawing Rights
Allocation of Special Drawing Rights for the First Basic Period
Allocation of Special Drawing Rights for the Third Basic Period
Allocation of Special Drawing Rights for the Ninth Basic Period
ARTICLE XIX, SECTION 2
Special Drawing Rights: Additional Uses
Use of SDRs in Settlement of Financial Obligations
Use of SDRs in Loans
Use of SDRs in Pledges
Use of SDRs in Transfers as Security for the Performance of Financial Obligations
Use of SDRs in Swap Operations
Use of SDRs in Forward Operations
Use of SDRs in Donations
Designation of Participants to Provide Currency
Review of Rules for Designation and Method of Calculating Designation Amounts
Rules for Designation Revision
Reconstitution
Abrogation of Rules for Reconstitution
ARTICLE XX, SECTION 2
Payment of Net Charges and Assessment in the SDR Department for the Financial Year Ended April 30, 1982
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2014 and FY 2015–2016—Assessment Under Article XX, Section 4 for FY 2014
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2015 and FY 2016—Assessment Under Article XX, Section 4 for FY 2015
ARTICLE XXVI
Remedial Measures on Overdue Financial Obligations to the Fund
Overdue Payments to the Fund—Purchases from Fund
Overdue Payments to the Fund—Experience and Procedures, Executive Board Meeting 84/54, April 5, 1984
The Chairman's Summing Up at the Conclusion of the Discussion on Overdue Financial Obligations to the Fund, Executive Board Meeting 85/170, November 25, 1985
The Acting Chairman's Concluding Remarks at the Discussion on Additions to the Special Contingent Account, Executive Board Meeting 88/12, January 29, 1988
The Acting Chairman's Summing Up at the Conclusion of the Discussion on Overdue Financial Obligations—Six-Monthly Report, Executive Board Meeting 88/19, February 10, 1988
Procedures for Dealing with Members with Overdue Financial Obligations to the General Department and the SDR Department, Executive Board Meeting 89/101, July 27, 1989
Statement by the Managing Director on the Strengthened Cooperative Strategy on Overdue Financial Obligations to the Fund, Executive Board Meeting 90/38, March 16, 1990
Summing Up by the Chairman—Operational Modalities of the Rights Approach, Executive Board Meeting 90/97, June 20, 1990
Summing Up by the Chairman—Overdue Financial Obligations to the Fund—Six-Monthly Review; Progress Under the Strengthened Cooperative Strategy; and Special Charges—Annual Review, Executive Board Meeting 91/42, March 25, 1991
Summing Up by the Acting Chairman—Overdue Financial Obligations to the Fund—Six-Monthly Review; Further Progress Under the Strengthened Cooperative Strategy, Executive Board Meeting 92/58, April 17, 1992
The Acting Chairman's Summing Up—Overdue Financial Obligations—De-Escalation of Remedial Measures Under the Strengthened Cooperative Strategy—Further Considerations, Executive Board Meeting 99/79, July 22, 1999
Extension of the Availability of the Rights Approach
Review of the Fund's Strategy on Overdue Financial Obligations—Flexibility Under the De-Escalation Policy for Members Hit by a Qualifying Catastrophic Disaster
ARTICLE XXX(c)
Calculation of Reserve Tranche: Exclusion of Purchases and Holdings
Exclusion of Purchases in the Credit Tranches and Under Extended Fund Facility
Balances Held in Administrative Account
ARTICLE XXX(f)
Freely Usable Currencies
Trust Fund: Means of Payment of Interest by Members on Their Indebtedness Under Loan Agreements
Trust Fund: Means of Repayment by Members on Their Indebtedness Under Loan Agreements
Trust Fund: Special Charges on Overdue Financial Obligations
Trust Fund: Final Direct Distribution of Profits
Trust Fund: Termination and Transfer of Resources to Special Disbursement Account
Terms of Repayment of Final Loan Disbursement and Amendment of Trust Instrument
Subsidy Account
Supplementary Financing Facility: Subsidy Account—Instrument
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2014 and FY 2015–2016—PCDR Trust Reimbursement for FY 2014
Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2015 and FY 2016—Catastrophe Containment and Relief (formerly Post-Catastrophe Debt Relief) Trust Reimbursement for FY 2015
Supplementary Financing Facility: Subsidy Account—Investment
Supplementary Financing Facility: Subsidy Account—Suspension of Transfers and Re-Transfer of Surplus
Supplementary Financing Facility: Subsidy Account—Means of Subsidy Payments
Supplementary Financing Facility Subsidy Account—Exchange Rate for Payment of Subsidies
A. Request for Interpretation of the Articles of Agreement as to the Authority of the Fund to Use Its Resources
B. Resolution of the United Nations General Assembly 377(V) Entitled "Uniting for Peace"
C. Composite Resolution on the Work of the Ad Hoc Committee on Reform of the International Monetary System and Related Issues and on a Program of Immediate Action
Final Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Reform of the International Monetary System and Related Issues
Transformation of the Interim Committee of the Board of Governors on the International Monetary System into the International Monetary and Financial Committee of the Board of Governors
Establishment of Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on the Transfer of Real Resources to Developing Countries
Other Immediate Steps
Interim Committee: Rules of Procedure
Development Committee: Rules of Procedure
Development Committee: Changes in the Organization of Work and Structure of the Secretariat Function
A. Agreement Between the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund
B. United Nations Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies and Annex V
C. The International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization Relations with World Trade Organization (WTO)—Fund-WTO Cooperation Agreement
Decision Adopted by the General Council Concerning Agreements Between the WTO and the IMF and the World Bank at Its Meeting on 7, 8, and 13 November 1996 (WT/L/194, 18 November 1996)
D. Agreement Between the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization
71-2 302, 522
117-1 788
170-3 17
408-2 1
144-(52/51) 574
1034-(60/27) 580
1238-(61/43) 302, 522
1289-(62/1) 535
4377-(74/114) 368
5392-(77/63) 82
6000-(79/1) S 813
6053-(79/34) S 816
6056-(79/138) 67, 310
6209-(79/124) S 823
6230-(79/140) 318, 326
6266-(79/156) 17
6273-(79/158) G/S G/S 466, 823
6275-(79/158) G/S 466
6358-(79/188) TR 864
6540-(80/98) TR 865
6683-(80/185) G/TR 873, 874
6704-(80/185) TR 500, 866
6854-(81/78) SBS 879
7925-(85/38) 311, 313, 388
8165-(85/189) G/TR 486
8185-(86/9) SBS/S 875
8237-(86/56) SAF 518
8642-(87/101) S/TR 805
8757-(87/176) SAF/ESAF 516
8759-(87/176) ESAF 158
8845-(88/61) ESAF 157
8937-(88/118) ESAF/S 806
10175-(92/129) 535
10286-(93/23) ESAF 521
10305-(93/32) 784
10365-(93/67) 88
10464-(93/130) 368, 833
10531-(93/170) SAF 517
11428-(97/6) 558
11627-(97/123) SRF 336
11832-(98/119) ESAF 158, 223
11846-(98/125) 47
11861-(98/131) ESAF 230
11976-(99/59) S 827
12087-(99/118) PRGF 225, 230
12249-(00/77) 343, 346
12559-(01/85) PRGF 227
12661-(02/6) 83
12696-(02/27) 230, 239,
12697-(02/27) ESAF 248, 251
12884-(02/114 131
13590-(05/99) ESF 158, 230
13595-(05/99) G/S 791
13710-(06/40) IA 743
13919-(07/51) 25, 405
14036-(08/1) 432, 607
14059-(08/15) 50, 51
14253-(09/8) 154, 158, 268
14736-(10/92) 79, 81, 98
14766-(10/115) 86, 406, 688
14769-(10/110) G/S 790, 792
14860-(11/23) 3
15014-(11/110) 549, 555,
15017-(11/112) 79, 311, 313,
15420-(13/61) 687, 688, 779
15495-(13/111) 98, 103
15706-(14/112) 3
15708-(15/12) 274, 275, 279,
15923-(16/1) 7
A-9786-(93/20) 727
A-11780 693
IM-6 879
Interpretations Under Article XXIX(a)
Interpretations of Articles of Agreement (71–2) 302, 522, 579
Unenforceability of Exchange Contracts: Fund's Interpretation of Article VIII, Section 2(b) (446–4) 572
Interpretation of Article IX, Section 7 (534–3) 692
https://www.elibrary.imf.org/abstract/books/014/23105-9781513581873-en/front-1.xml
Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund, Thirty-Eighth Issue
Article V, Section 12(f)
Edit Annotation


$419 Clearance - 60% Off!
Derek Lam 10 Crosby's black and white floral crinkled silk chiffon dress is detailed with ruffles, a handkerchief hem, and picot edging. This style is cinched with metal-bead-tipped drawstrings at the shoulders and waist.
Deep V-neck. Drawstrings at shoulders and waist. V'd back. Handkerchief hem.
36" to 42" from shoulder to hem (approximately).
100% silk. Combo: 100% silk. Lining: 100% polyester.


Traffic ticket defense attorney Timothy S. Note knows that traffic crimes may seem minor in some cases, but in others, they are very serious. Traffic violations that go beyond a speeding ticket can result in life-changing consequences, including the loss of your driver's license and/or jail time. A criminal traffic ticket defense attorney is necessary when you are charged with one of these more serious offenses.
If you are cited for driving on suspended license, a guilty plea could enhance your suspension, put you further in debt, and result in incarceration. Many suspended licenses are fixable, though, and the law office of Timothy S. Note can not only work to help you avoid a criminal conviction for a suspended license but can often help you get your license reinstated, even if you owe thousands of dollars in fines.
Not stopping and providing your information after a vehicle accident may put you at risk for being charged with a Hit and Run. If convicted, there are serious consequences.
Negligent driving can include, but is not limited to, running a red light, speeding, etc. Although this is often a misdemeanor offense, you can still face a significant fine and sometimes jail time. Having a strong criminal traffic violation attorney can increase your chances of receiving smaller fines.
Similar to negligent driving, reckless driving can include speeding, and essentially, any disregard for the safety of other drivers. Reckless driving can put you at risk for up to one year in jail and $5,000 in fines if convicted.
DUIs are also very serious traffic violations. Click here to learn more about how we can help with a DUI charge.
As with other crimes, we understand that good people make mistakes, and one mistake should not define the rest of your life. If you have been charged with a criminal traffic violation, do not hesitate to contact our law office today.
Law Office of Timothy S. Note, PLLC is located in Spokane, WA and serves clients in and around Spokane, Freeman, Cheney, Deer Park, Airway Heights, Marshall, Rockford, Four Lakes, Fairchild Air Force Base, Veradale, Valleyford, Nine Mile Falls, Medical Lake, Mica, Colbert, Greenacres, Mead, Reardan, Spangle, Otis Orchards, Liberty Lake, Newman Lake, Lincoln County, Spokane County, Stevens County.


Nothing says "Get Well Soon" like a vibrant bouquet of fresh flowers! Look no further for get well gifts than Town & Country Flowers. We deliver get well flowers to Lima, OH or nationwide to brighten their day. They'll be sure to get well soon!
Romance isn't just for Valentine's Day, celebrate your love every day with a romantic gift from Town & Country Flowers, your local florist in Lima. From romantic roses to modern masterpieces, we have the perfect bouquet to express your emotions!
Look no further than Town & Country Flowers for thank you gifts! We have all types of thank you flowers to choose from; modern arrangement, roses, or even a plant. Town & Country Flowers can create and deliver your bouquet to Lima, OH or nationwide!


text:
By Tom Overton
John Berger (1926-2017)
Tom Overton reflects on the life of a great storyteller with contributions on his art criticism, broadcasting and fiction
In a 1985 episode of Mike Dibb and Chris Rawlence's Channel 4 TV series About Time, John Berger takes down a drawing of his father, Stanley, from the wall. Turning to us, he reads a version of 'Drawn to That Moment', his 1976 essay about sketching next to his father's coffin:
People talk of freshness of vision, of the intensity of seeing for the first time, but the intensity of seeing for the last time is, I believe, greater. Of all that I could see only the drawing would remain. I was the last ever to look on that face I was drawing. I wept whilst I strove to draw with complete objectivity.
As I drew his mouth, his brows, his eyelids, as their specific forms emerged with lines from the whiteness of the paper, I felt the history and the experience which had made them as they were. His life was now as finite as the rectangle of paper on which I was drawing, but within it, in a way infinitely more mysterious than any drawing, his character and destiny had emerged. I was making a record and his face was already only a record of his life.
John's voice breaks audibly on 'last'.
The only thing I can compare to 'Drawn to that Moment' is William Hazlitt's 'On the Pleasure of Painting' (1820). Invited to write an obituary of his father, a Unitarian minister, Hazlitt wrote instead about painting his portrait while he was alive. Like 'Drawn to that Moment', it hovers between three vocations, three versions of what John once called 'the uses to which one can put a life1': the respectable professional the father had originally hoped his son would become, the painter he began his life as, and the writer he ended up as. There is warmth in each section, rather than Oedipal tension; an endlessly proliferating sense of mutual participation in what Hazlitt calls the desire 'to have one's likeness multiplied'. It produced the authors themselves, and now it produces both the images and the texts about fathers and sons (about images and texts).
Stanley had been one of the first volunteers in World War I, and stayed on after to arrange the graves. What had marked father, marked son, and it became, in John's writing, the moment at which Europe began to treat its people as it had treated those of its colonies. As we are shown in About Time, Stanley's surviving comrades gave him a barometer to mark the day he married Miriam, an ex-suffragette: 5th February 1926. Nine months later, John was born.
John Berger in London, 2015. Photograph: Libby Hall
After the war, Stanley became the longest-serving Secretary of the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants, and earned enough money to put his son through boarding school. John later ran away to become an artist, but when he was called up for military service his schooling saw him presented with an officer's commission. He refused it, and was sent to train recruits in Ireland instead. The experience of writing embellished letters home for his comrades, who were often illiterate, informed his development into what he himself defined as a 'storyteller', a term that came to encompass the breadth of his work – from novels, to writing about art, to poems, to plays, and the completely uncategorizable.
The keepsakes in About Time are on those particular walls, in the village of Quincy, eastern France, because of John's trilogy of novels 'Into Their Labours' (1979–90). Having travelled with migrant workers for A Seventh Man (1975), he had noticed that, for the most part, they had been forced into migration from peasant communities. 'Into Their Labours' was a protest against how these different forms of human dignity, with their own attitudes to time, animals and landscape, were labelled as relics of the past by the logic of capitalist progress. This, for John, denied 'the value of too much history and too many lives. No line of exclusion can be drawn across history in that manner, as if it were a line across a closed account2'. 'Cost accounting', he added, 'was inapplicable to the peasant economy.'
Berger's BBC2 TV series and book Ways of Seeing (1972) drew on Walter Benjamin's thesis on how art is changed by the possibility of its reproduction. But Benjamin also fuelled John's fascination with the figure of the storyteller: an artist with a particular kind of attitude towards experience that had been lost since the end of the World War I. Benjamin's storyteller 'has borrowed his authority from death', which appears in his stories 'with the same regularity as the Reaper does in the processions that pass around the cathedral clock at noon.3'
For John, storytellers were – are? – 'Death's Secretaries'. Handed the files to read, rather than creating out of nothing, they work against the idea that the living and dead are separate; that a drawing of one's deceased father above a desk might be morbid or indelicate; that peasant culture would ever need a line drawing through it. Before her death in 2013, John's wife Beverly had gathered an archive of his work together in Quincy, and when it passed to the British Library in 2009, John stressed that it should be taken as a site for 'the company of the past'. But importantly, it also reached into the future because it was a donation: a gesture, like the sharing of the proceeds from his 1995 novel To the Wedding with AIDS charities, or the sharing of the Booker McConnell Prize money that he was awarded in 1972 for his novel G with the London Chapter of the Black Panthers.
I first got to know John through the reading and cataloguing of his archive. I would scan in curious objects, e-mail them across to Beverly who would print them out, and then John would ring me, asking: 'Can I tell you a story?' (Though he loved texting for the sense of instant connection, e-mail largely passed him by. The first and only one in the archive was sent to the actor Simon McBurney in 2000.) The first time we met he was asking my friend Sarah for a roll-up. Appropriate, considering I had been passively smoking the 60 years' worth of cigarettes that had soaked into his papers for some time. The last time we were together was in Antony, Paris, with his partner, the writer Nella Bielski. If we couldn't remember the name of a painter he knew in his youth, he reached for his iPhone to search their name: a digital version of his famous habit of closing his eyes and wracking his brain for an answer. I was only reminded of the distance in history between us when we talked about how T. S. Eliot loved music hall: I knew that from a footnote in a book; he knew it from having had supper with him.
In About Time, John talks about the Greek storyteller Aesop while his son, Yves, draws a tortoise and a hare. (There are similar drawings in the archive, swept up among the papers on John's desk.) Yves must have been about nine years old because, after talking about his father's barometer, John steps over to a poster commemorating his friend Orlando Letelier, a Chilean dissident who was first tortured and then murdered by General Pinochet on 21st September 1976.
he lived in many places
and he died everywhere
he has come between the pages
of open books
there's not a single apple
on the trees
loaded with fruit this year
which he has not counted
apples the colour of gifts4
The morning after he heard the news, John tells us, Yves was born. 'Orlando dead, Yves born': the same year as Miriam, John, and his brother Michael had buried Stanley.
John Berger, drawn by his son, Yves Berger Quincy, 7 January 2017. Photograph: Amarjit Chandan
On 2nd January 2017, the day John died, Simon McBurney tweeted 'Now you are everywhere.' The next day, Yves sent an e-mail announcing the funeral, with a drawing attached. It differs from John's or Hazlitt's in that, with the blessing and collaboration of his father, Yves grew up painting for half of the year, and farming for the rest. His lines are a continuation of John's. It is, in endlessly proliferating senses, a family resemblance. The e-mail ended with two lines:
Serein, il a fermé les yeux, comme pour chercher encore une fois les mots appropriés.
He closed his eyes, as if he needed once more to find the right words.
Television by Sukhdev Sandhu
Ways of Seeing (1972), the four-part TV series that John Berger made in collaboration with director Mike Dibb, began with the author slashing a canvas. Some viewers may have been reminded of the 1966 Destruction in Art Symposium. Most, though, were shocked at this sacrilegious gesture. Up until that point, most arts broadcasting had been about appreciating, even sanctifying, art. Berger exposed and upended those assumptions: he took Western art off its pedestal by putting it into conversation with fashion and advertising; he scorned the bloodless prose of art historians and gave air time to the analyses of children; he pointed at the camera – acknowledging the existence of an audience – and announced: 'You receive images and meanings which are arranged. I hope you will consider what I arrange – but be sceptical of it.' More semiotic shifts: the BBC Radiophonic Workshop's eerie sound design, Berger's open shirts and flamboyant hair, the directness and intensity with which he conveyed his Walter Benjamin-inflected ideas. To millions
of viewers, this wasn't cultural vandalism so much as the spark that fired their passion for art
Sukhdev Sandhu is Associate Professor of English, Social and Cultural Analysis at New York University, USA.
Fiction and Poetry by Jeanette Winterson
After post-truth, according to the Trump administration, we have 'alternative facts'. I thought that is what fiction is for. Non-fiction should stick with the facts.
As a journalist and commentator, John Berger always knew his facts – that's what made him merciless. As a critic, he encouraged ways of seeing that get behind a fact and expose its underbelly.
As a novelist and poet, he knew that alternatives matter. Not alternative facts, not even alternative opinions, but alternative imaginations. That we should be able to imagine ourselves in different bodies, in different places, in different times, speaking a different language perhaps.
To read him is to get inside a mind determined to get outside of itself. When you learn to read yourself as a fiction, as well as a fact, you gain unexpected freedoms.
Always interested in raising our level of consciousness, Berger used his imaginative writing to unzip the personas
we think of as our identities, and have us run naked through his fictional landscapes. Come here. Risk it. Belong. And when we leave, if we zip ourselves up again, there's always a trace left behind of another place. Another life. An alternative.
Art is an alternative; not to reality, but to the unreal.
Jeannette Winterson is a novelist, writer and Professor of Creative Writing at the University of Manchester, UK.
Art Criticism by Griselda Pollock
The poverty of the obituaries and posthumous online profiles of John Berger, particularly in their understanding
of his writing on art, is lamentable. Labelling (read: warning us against) his work as Marxist or as an assault on treasured ideas of high culture, fails to appreciate what his writing and broadcasting made possible for generations of artists, art historians and thinkers. Rather than emphasizing a combative stance towards an establishment, I want to stress how his impassioned and acute writing on art taught us to see what artworks 'do' as creatively social work. In the 1970s, he was amongst the first to interpret Walter Benjamin's now-canonical essay on art and technological reproduction, at that time only recently available in English. From this, Berger made radically beautiful links between oil painting and property, showing how objects, landscapes and women's bodies become subject to ownership and dehumanizing commodification: the cultural face of capitalism. His legacy lies between the daring of his skilfully crafted analyses of images and the ways in which his work brought down the walls that insulated 'art' from lived experiences of embodiment, class, sexuality and political upheaval. We were liberated to think about art alongside what we already knew, to put it into the world and see the different stories, often painful, that it could tell.
Griselda Pollock is Professor of Social & Critical Histories of Art, University of Leeds, UK.
1) Speech by John Berger on accepting the Booker Prize for Fiction at the Café Royal, London, 23 November 1972
2) John Berger, Pig Earth, 1979 (Bloomsbury Publishing, London), pp.xxv-xxvi
3) Walter Benjamin, Illuminations, 1970 (Jonathan Cape, London), p. 94
4) John Berger, For Orlando, 1976
Tom Overton
Tom Overton is John Berger's biographer, Archive Curator at the Barbican Centre, London, and co-host of Suite (212) on Resonance FM. He tweets at @tw_overton and collects his articles at overton.tw.
Why Alasdair Gray's (1934-2019) Weird Visions Cannot Be Canonized
Why We Need to Stop Dreaming of England
A New Collection of Proust's Writings Uncovers the Origins of His Complex Desires
Why an 'Apolitical' Literary Establishment Is Impossible
'Everyone is Female and Everyone Hates It': Andrea Long Chu's Theory of Desire
Fred Moten's New Poems Consider the Difficulties of Seeing Power – and Resistance
'Donald Judd Interviews' Illuminates the Artist's Tight and Rigorous Path
Nobel Laureate Olga Tokarczuk: An 'Archaeologist of the Collective Psyche'
John Giorno, Who Pushed The Limits of Multimedia Poetry, Dies At 82
How Jessye Norman (1945-2019) Broke Opera's Rules for Black Women
Carmen Maria Machado's Lesbian Fairy Tale Fights for Complex Queer Characters
'Liberated, Rebellious and Historically Consequential': Remembering Huguette Caland (1931–2019)
Operations of Pleasure: The World of Nayland Blake
Can the Art World Kick Its Addiction to Flying?
Four Artists to Watch in 2020
Following Ulrike Ottinger to the End of the World


The links below lead to pictures of All Models of OEM Audi A5 wheels.
All pictures will specify if the factory A5 Rims are Aluminum Alloy, Steel, Chrome, Silver Paint or Machined.
If you have any questions about the factory Audi A5 Rims you are looking for, please call us Toll Free.
Visit our Audi A5 Wheels video on YouTube and give us a "Thumbs Up" if you found this video helpful!
Check out our A5 Wheels Channel on YouTube for more videos about us.
The Audi A5 has been in production since 2007 until today and comes in 2-door coupe, 2-door convertible, and 5-door hatchback versions of the Audi A4's fourth generation. It is a hugely popular car and was even praised by the designer himself as his "most beautiful design ever."
When the car was initially released a variety of wheel styles and finishes were available. A 5-spoke alloy rim finished in hyper silver was offered in both an 18" and 19". Going for a classier feel the A5 also offers a silver finished, 5 double spoke, 19" wheel, a 20", 7 double spoke, with a polished finish, and a 19", alloy rim finished in silver with 5 triple spokes. In 2010 three different 18" alloy rims with silver finish began to be offered that have 15 or 10 spokes.
OriginalWheels.com strives to make your factory rim and wheel buying as simple and convenient as possible with guaranteed quality wheels and rims at competitive pricing you can meet all of your factory rim needs. Choose your vehicle year above, find your factory Audi A5 rims, and order instantly online or call us toll free at (800) 896-7467 to purchase your factory original Audi wheels. You can also call our toll free number with any additional questions about your factory original rims and we will happily offer our superb customer service to get you the wheels you need. We hope that you enjoyed your time with us and will be back the next time you find yourself in need of a factory original wheel.


text:
Q: How is this rest service URL formed? I am learning this example:
https://github.com/neo4j-examples/movies-java-spring-data-neo4j
In this MovieRepository, this is the path setting:
collectionResourceRel = "movies", path = "movies".

Then why does the query have to contain a 'search' string:
// JSON object for single movie with cast
curl http://localhost:8080/movies/search/findByTitle?title=The%20Matrix

I thought it should be "curl http://localhost:8080/movies/findByTitle?title=The%20Matrix" without "search" in the http request. In all the files, I can't find any trace of "search". How does this happen?
@RepositoryRestResource(collectionResourceRel = "movies", path = "movies")
public interface MovieRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Movie, Long> {

    Movie findByTitle(@Param("title") String title);

    Collection<Movie> findByTitleLike(@Param("title") String title);

    @Query("MATCH (m:Movie)<-[r:ACTED_IN]-(a:Person) RETURN m,r,a LIMIT {limit}")
    Collection<Movie> graph(@Param("limit") int limit);
}

A: This is described in the Spring Data REST documentation

To have your results sorted on a particular property, add a sort URL
  parameter with the name of the property you want to sort the results
  on. You can control the direction of the sort by appending a , to the
  the property name plus either asc or desc. The following would use the
  findByNameStartsWith query method defined on the PersonRepository for
  all Person entities with names starting with the letter "K" and add
  sort data that orders the results on the name property in descending
  order:
curl -v "http://localhost:8080/people/search/nameStartsWith?name=K&sort=name,desc"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Well Maintained Just Replace New Engine Mounts Togather With Gear Box Mount Drive Shafts Oil Leak All Done So Do Our Sales To View Before Is Gone.with Low Mthly From $600 7yrs Loan.
New 5 Years COE, Bank Or In House Loan Available. One Owner.
Beautiful Colt Plus Mivec Sports. Deposit 2k, Monthly 666/mth. Best Choice For Short Term. Regularly Maintained. Flexible Loan Options. High Loan. Sell As It Is Condition. Please Call Us For Viewing!
Priced Lowest In The Market With The Highest Paper Value! 100% Accident Free With No Repairs Needed And Original Paintwork! Very Well Maintained! Feel Free To Give Me A Call For Viewing.
Welcome Vehicle Inspection At Your Own Cost And Loan Can Be Arranged.


text:
Reduced-complexity receiver structures for space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation systems
Inkyu Lee, Carl Erik W. Sundberg
School of Electrical Engineering
Transmission efficiency in radio channels can be considerably improved by using multiple transmit and receive antennas and employing a family of schemes called spacetime (ST) coding. Both extended range and/or improved bandwidth efficiency can be achieved, compared with a radio link with a single transmit and receive antenna. Bit-interleaved coded modulation schemes give diversity gains on fading channels with higher order modulation constellations combined with conventional binary convolutional codes also for the case of a single transmit and receive antenna radio link. In this paper, we study a family of flexible bandwidth-efficient ST coding schemes which combine these two ideas in a narrowband flat-fading channel and single-carrier modems. We address receiver complexity for the case of a large number of transmit antennas and higher order modulation constellations. Especially, we focus on practical configurations, where the number of transmit antennas is greater than that of receive antennas. Simplified receivers using tentative decisions are proposed and evaluated by means of simulations. Tradeoffs between complexity reduction and performance loss are presented. We emphasize systems that are of particular interest in applications where the number of transmit antennas exceeds the number of receive antennas. A system with four transmit antennas with an eight-fold complexity reduction and a performance loss of about 1 dB is demonstrated.
IEEE Transactions on Communications
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2006.887491
Published - 2007 Jan
Coded modulation
Iterative decoding
Multiple antennas
Reduced-complexity receiver
Space-time codes (STCs)
10.1109/TCOMM.2006.887491
Dive into the research topics of 'Reduced-complexity receiver structures for space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation systems'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Modulation Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Antennas Engineering & Materials Science 83%
Radio links Engineering & Materials Science 35%
Fading channels Engineering & Materials Science 26%
Bandwidth Engineering & Materials Science 18%
Modems Engineering & Materials Science 16%
Lee, I., & Sundberg, C. E. W. (2007). Reduced-complexity receiver structures for space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 55(1), 142-150. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2006.887491
Reduced-complexity receiver structures for space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation systems. / Lee, Inkyu; Sundberg, Carl Erik W.
In: IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 55, No. 1, 01.2007, p. 142-150.
Lee, I & Sundberg, CEW 2007, 'Reduced-complexity receiver structures for space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation systems', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 142-150. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2006.887491
Lee I, Sundberg CEW. Reduced-complexity receiver structures for space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 2007 Jan;55(1):142-150. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2006.887491
Lee, Inkyu ; Sundberg, Carl Erik W. / Reduced-complexity receiver structures for space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation systems. In: IEEE Transactions on Communications. 2007 ; Vol. 55, No. 1. pp. 142-150.
@article{556b3dcd0fd94ad7a5c49a98ac388399,
title = "Reduced-complexity receiver structures for space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation systems",
abstract = "Transmission efficiency in radio channels can be considerably improved by using multiple transmit and receive antennas and employing a family of schemes called spacetime (ST) coding. Both extended range and/or improved bandwidth efficiency can be achieved, compared with a radio link with a single transmit and receive antenna. Bit-interleaved coded modulation schemes give diversity gains on fading channels with higher order modulation constellations combined with conventional binary convolutional codes also for the case of a single transmit and receive antenna radio link. In this paper, we study a family of flexible bandwidth-efficient ST coding schemes which combine these two ideas in a narrowband flat-fading channel and single-carrier modems. We address receiver complexity for the case of a large number of transmit antennas and higher order modulation constellations. Especially, we focus on practical configurations, where the number of transmit antennas is greater than that of receive antennas. Simplified receivers using tentative decisions are proposed and evaluated by means of simulations. Tradeoffs between complexity reduction and performance loss are presented. We emphasize systems that are of particular interest in applications where the number of transmit antennas exceeds the number of receive antennas. A system with four transmit antennas with an eight-fold complexity reduction and a performance loss of about 1 dB is demonstrated.",
keywords = "Coded modulation, Iterative decoding, Multiple antennas, Reduced-complexity receiver, Space-time codes (STCs)",
author = "Inkyu Lee and Sundberg, {Carl Erik W.}",
note = "Funding Information: Paper approved by H. El-Gamal, the Editor for Space–Time Coding and Spread Spectrum of the IEEE Communications Society. Manuscript received March 12, 2003; revised December 21, 2004. This work was supported by the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC), Korea, under the Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) support program, supervised by the Institute of Information Technology Assessment (IITA). This paper was presented in part at the IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Technology, May 2003.",
doi = "10.1109/TCOMM.2006.887491",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
T1 - Reduced-complexity receiver structures for space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation systems
AU - Lee, Inkyu
AU - Sundberg, Carl Erik W.
N1 - Funding Information: Paper approved by H. El-Gamal, the Editor for Space–Time Coding and Spread Spectrum of the IEEE Communications Society. Manuscript received March 12, 2003; revised December 21, 2004. This work was supported by the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC), Korea, under the Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) support program, supervised by the Institute of Information Technology Assessment (IITA). This paper was presented in part at the IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Technology, May 2003.
N2 - Transmission efficiency in radio channels can be considerably improved by using multiple transmit and receive antennas and employing a family of schemes called spacetime (ST) coding. Both extended range and/or improved bandwidth efficiency can be achieved, compared with a radio link with a single transmit and receive antenna. Bit-interleaved coded modulation schemes give diversity gains on fading channels with higher order modulation constellations combined with conventional binary convolutional codes also for the case of a single transmit and receive antenna radio link. In this paper, we study a family of flexible bandwidth-efficient ST coding schemes which combine these two ideas in a narrowband flat-fading channel and single-carrier modems. We address receiver complexity for the case of a large number of transmit antennas and higher order modulation constellations. Especially, we focus on practical configurations, where the number of transmit antennas is greater than that of receive antennas. Simplified receivers using tentative decisions are proposed and evaluated by means of simulations. Tradeoffs between complexity reduction and performance loss are presented. We emphasize systems that are of particular interest in applications where the number of transmit antennas exceeds the number of receive antennas. A system with four transmit antennas with an eight-fold complexity reduction and a performance loss of about 1 dB is demonstrated.
AB - Transmission efficiency in radio channels can be considerably improved by using multiple transmit and receive antennas and employing a family of schemes called spacetime (ST) coding. Both extended range and/or improved bandwidth efficiency can be achieved, compared with a radio link with a single transmit and receive antenna. Bit-interleaved coded modulation schemes give diversity gains on fading channels with higher order modulation constellations combined with conventional binary convolutional codes also for the case of a single transmit and receive antenna radio link. In this paper, we study a family of flexible bandwidth-efficient ST coding schemes which combine these two ideas in a narrowband flat-fading channel and single-carrier modems. We address receiver complexity for the case of a large number of transmit antennas and higher order modulation constellations. Especially, we focus on practical configurations, where the number of transmit antennas is greater than that of receive antennas. Simplified receivers using tentative decisions are proposed and evaluated by means of simulations. Tradeoffs between complexity reduction and performance loss are presented. We emphasize systems that are of particular interest in applications where the number of transmit antennas exceeds the number of receive antennas. A system with four transmit antennas with an eight-fold complexity reduction and a performance loss of about 1 dB is demonstrated.
KW - Coded modulation
KW - Iterative decoding
KW - Multiple antennas
KW - Reduced-complexity receiver
KW - Space-time codes (STCs)
U2 - 10.1109/TCOMM.2006.887491
DO - 10.1109/TCOMM.2006.887491
JO - IEEE Transactions on Communications
JF - IEEE Transactions on Communications


Whatever can be accomplished to assist college students de-code the issue can help. I am pondering of comprehension strategies used with other forms of texts. Normally though, information processing is used to consult with arithmetic manipulation of raw data for analyses, science and commerce. This probably stems from the initial ideas of computing where people have been obsessed by the necessity to manipulate arithmetic data more than the rest. With the arrival of this system, investing in transport, haulage and logistic business and even ambulance services has become a worthwhile enterprise as a result of the monitoring machine helps keep the drivers beneath verify, monitor the fuel consumption, distance covered and also ensures security of the car.
I began experiencing this within the ninety's one day. Then 5 years ago, it grew to become voices for two months. It went away for 4 years, and now the final year it has been non-cease voices, infiltration of my goals, ideas that are not my very own, 2 undesirable/unwarranted robotic suicide makes an attempt that I had no control over, and so forth. My daughter appears to be experiencing the identical factor. I do know who is doing it, but why is past me…besides it appears to be government management. My husband was truly paralyzed 5 years ago, and I believe it was no accident. These brainchips have that functionality. The voices inform me they have taken management of presidency heads, and our entire political system. We fear about terrorists, and we now have it proper here as in a police run country!!
Computer info technology packages are widely obtainable from the certificate to the doctorate degree level. You additionally take people courses or total applications via distance studying. In time I plan to upgrade the audio interface. I want I knew sufficient about the USB spec (As USB is a powered) to find out if it is the USB connection itself which introduces the interference. Game Booster is extraordinarily straightforward to make use of. The intuitive interface makes Recreation Booster the perfect tool for novice customers operating on a single click. Now when he talks Apple ( AAPL , Fortune 500 ), traders could also be beginning to pay attention.
Technology is the advancement of instruments and crafts to make life easier subsequently the implications of computer based mostly programs are vital to society. I just need you to know, I've improved in leaps and bounds!!! I caught with it, and now I am happy with myself…all of my enterprise supplies are lookin higher!!! I'm truly working my business, are you workin your marketing strategy? I over here cookin' with fuel!! See ya tomorrow, tired as I can be.
In 1974, CTP had a focused and intensive computer program training program that was extremely successful. Employers considered CTP's graduates equally qualified as conventional CS college graduates. Turbam, Efraim. Skilled Programs and Utilized Synthetic Intelligence. New York: MacMillan, 1992. Moreover, it's the development of technology that made the manufacturing of products quicker and cheaper. It's the development of technology that made it attainable to treat terminal illness like most cancers, kidney failure et al and we can go on and on as regard the positivity that technology as dropped at our world.
As a computer network architect, you'd design both small and enormous networks. Considering your organization's requirements and desires, you'd plan the network's format, including the cables and networking hardware used. You'd also construct the community and work to ensure that it's secure. To grow to be a computer community architect, you'll seemingly want a combination of networking work experience and a bachelor's degree. You may also earn an data systems MBA degree to face out to employers.
The CPU incorporates a special set of memory cells known as registers that may be read and written to far more quickly than the main reminiscence area. There are typically between two and one hundred registers depending on the kind of CPU. Registers are used for essentially the most often wanted knowledge items to avoid having to entry essential memory every time data is needed. As data is consistently being labored on, decreasing the necessity to entry important reminiscence (which is usually gradual compared to the ALU and management models) enormously will increase the computer's pace.