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Remembering The Movies Of 1969 As They Turn 50 — Join In On The Celebration!
By Ed Gross
There's nothing like an anniversary — especially a milestone like 50 years. And as we head into 2019, we've decided to take a look back at some of the biggest films that will be celebrating their half-century mark this coming year, including movies from stars like Paul Newman and Robert Redford (Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid), Clint Eastwood (Paint Your Wagon), Jon Voight (Midnight Cowboy), Barbra Streisand (Hello Dolly!), John Wayne (True Grit), and Dean Martin (The Wrecking Crew).
The truth is, in many ways 1969 was a turning point for Hollywood, with filmmakers pushing the creative envelope in terms of content (the spouse-swapping Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice), the way movies were made (Easy Rider, shot on a shoestring budget with little in the way of a script, but turning into a giant box office hit), the exploration of violence (The Wild Bunch), and shaking up the tried-and-true (George Lazenby replacing Sean Connery as James Bond in On Her Majesty's Secret Service).
To join us on this trip to the past and to check out all of these and more, just scroll down below.
National General Pictures
'A Boy Named Charlie Brown'
The first movie based on Charles M. Schulz' beloved characters sees a rare win for old blockhead when he is the champion of the school spelling bee. This leads him to the National Spelling Bee in NYC. Can his luck hold up? C'mon, this is Charlie Brown we're talking about. Argh!!
GAB Archive/Redferns
'Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice'
Nineteen-sixty-nine was a time when movies really began pushing the envelope, and this film was an early indication of it. Robert Culp and Natalie Wood are Bob and Carol Sanders, who, following a weekend of emotional honesty at a unique retreat, end up having affairs with other people that are purely physical, and not emotional. And they're okay with this, to the point where their best friends, Ted and Alice Henderson (Elliott Gould and Dyan Cannon), get caught up in the whole idea of partner-swapping. But is it everything the foursome think it will be?
Movie Poster Image Art/Getty Images
'Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid'
One of the great team-ups in Hollywood history, with Paul Newman and Robert Redford as the Wild West outlaws of the title. There's train and bank robberies aplenty, gun battles, and so much more, but the real magic is watching Newman and Redford play off each other (as they would again several years later in The Sting).
'The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes'
Kurt Russell is student Dexter Reilly who is working on repairing a computer during an electrical storm, when he finds his brain fused with the machine's following a massive shock. Suddenly he's a genius with all the knowledge that was within the computer, including the fact that the businessman who donated it (Cesar Romero's A.J. Arno) is a crook, which puts his life in (old-style Disney) danger.
Silver Screen Collection/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
'Easy Rider'
Google describes this one as follows: "Wyatt (Peter Fonda) and Billy (Dennis Hopper), two Harley-riding hippies, complete a drug deal in Southern California and decide to travel cross-country in search of spiritual truth. On their journey, they experience bigotry and hatred from the inhabitants of small-town America and also meet with other travelers seeking alternative lifestyles. After a terrifying drug experience in New Orleans, the two travelers wonder if they will ever find a way to live peacefully in America." Many people asked the same thing about Hollywood in the aftermath of this film, which was made for $400,000, grossed $60 million and was made with a naturalness and spontaneity that the "system" had no idea how to respond to. Co-writer and star Peter Fonda viewed this as a modern-day Western that embraced the counter-culture movement of the time.
Ernst Haas/Ernst Haas/Getty Images
'Hello Dolly!'
Based on the Broadway musical of the same name, Barbra Streisand is Dolly Levi, an 1890's matchmaker who travels to Yonkers, New York, to find a romantic partner for Horace Vandergelder (Walter Matthau), described as "half-a-millionaire." The film won three Oscars for Best Art Direction, Best Score of a Musical Picture, and Best Sound.
Columbia/Getty Images
'Marooned'
Released only five months before the near-disastrous Apollo 13 mission, this film postulated a mechanical malfunction that strands three astronauts (played by Richard Crenna, Gene Hackman, and James Franciscus) in Earth orbit aboard their spacecraft, as NASA tries to engineer a rescue mission before they run out of oxygen. Genuine tension is created by director John Sturges.
Liaison Dist./Liaison
'Midnight Cowboy'
The first "X"-rated film released by a mainstream studio (more because of subject matter and profanity rather than anything you'd normally slap an "X" rating on). A disturbing character study, it sees Jon Voight as Joe Buck, a naive hustler who travels from Texas to New York dreaming of using his charm and looks to score from a rich widow, but finds himself going down a dark path, including male prostitution. He does bond with another conman, "Ratso" Rizzo (Dustin Hoffman), the two of them forming an unlikely alliance and then friendship. The film took home a trio of Academy Awards in the categories of Best Picture, Best Director (John Schlesinger), and Best Adapted Screenplay.
'On Her Majesty's Secret Service'
After filming five James Bond adventures, Sean Connery had had enough and dropped out of the film series. In his place came Australian model George Lazenby, who handles himself far better than anyone could have expected him to. While far from embraced when it was originally released 50 years ago, OHMSS (as it's more popularly known) is regarded as one of the best Bond films ever. It also stars Diana Rigg as the only woman that 007 ever married. A combination of great action, story, and an actual character arc(!).
'Paint Your Wagon'
Proof positive that not every Broadway musical needs to be adapted into a movie. Set during the Gold Rush in California, Clint Eastwood and Lee Marvin are prospectors who look to get rich. You ain't lived none 'til you dun heard Eastwood and Marvin sing. Somehow it didn't connect with the audience. Hmm.
Sunset Boulevard/Corbis via Getty Images
'Take the Money and Run'
After writing, dubbing, and editing a Japanese film in the form of What's Up, Tiger Lily?, Woody Allen makes his full-fledged debut as performer and writer/director on this film. In it, he launches his nebbish portrayals as Virgil Starkwell, whose dream is to become a notorious bank robber, which he is miserable at. Great early comic fun from Woody!
'True Grit'
Kim Darby is 14-year-old Mattie Ross, who, in the aftermath of her father's murder, hires U.S. Marshall "Rooster" Cogburn (played by the legendary John Wayne) to track down his killer through Indian territory and bring him to justice. John Wayne took home Best Actor honors from the Golden Globe and Academy Awards. There was a 1975 sequel, Rooster Cogburn, with Wayne reprising his role; and a 2010 remake starring Jeff Bridges.
Cinerama Releasing Corporation
'Whatever Happened to Aunt Alice?'
This is a complete guilty pleasure that few people probably remember. Ruth Gordon is Alice Dimmock, the employer of a housemaid to Claire Marrable (Geraldine Page), who has gone missing (as have many of the woman's other housekeepers). Alice goes undercover as a maid herself trying to discover the truth, not realizing she's putting herself in deadly danger.
Silver Screen Collection/Getty Images
'The Wild Bunch'
Sam Peckinpah's classic Western about aging outlaw Pike Bishop (William Holden), who is preparing to retire after one final robbery. Joined by his gang (played by Ernest Borgnine, Warren Oates, and Ben Johnson), he discovers that the heist has been undermined by former partner Deke Thornton (Robert Ryan). The resulting shoot-out turns violence into an art form.
'The Wrecking Crew'
We have to admit, the inclusion of this one's a bit of a cheat, because it was released on Dec. 30, 1968, but any excuse to include the King of Cool (even if it's in this film)! With the success of the James Bond films impacting the '60s, the decision was made to take Donald Hamilton's gritty character of Matt Helm and turn him into a swinger in the form of Dean Martin. This was the fourth in the series and it's pretty awful, but the truth is: they don't make 'em like this anymore and there is some nostalgic fun to be had here. Some.
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Are you procrastinating when it comes to losing weight? Is the idea of starting intimidating, and don't know how to go about it? Try not to worry because everyone at one point was feeling the same way. You need to start somewhere and the article below offers you many great tips to help you achieve weight loss goals.
When planning a weight loss diet, skip the weight loss bars and shakes. They are not very nutritious, and they will not leave you feeling satisfied. You will probably end up cranky and more hungry after eating it. Further, many such foods have a high sugar content, which will have additional negative effects.
TIP! A great tip to shed some pounds is to do cardiovascular exercises when you wake up in the morning before you have breakfast. Doing cardio in this way actually burns up to 3 times the calories.
It is often said that you should drink large amounts of water if losing weight is your goal. Are you aware that cold water will give your metabolism even more of a boost? The coldness of the water makes your body temperature go up, increasing your metabolism.
Don't wear loose clothing. It is common for those with weight issues to wear baggy or loose-fitting clothes. They may feel comfortable in them; however, it keeps them from thinking about the weight as well. If you stick to clothing that is more form fitting, you will remain aware of why you want to lose weight.
One weight loss tip is to eat only the egg whites and dispose of the yolk. Although the yolk has some healthy nutrients it does contain lots of cholesterol and fat which is not something you want in a healthy diet. By adding egg whites to your diet, you will get lots of high-quality protein.
TIP! A super-easy way to lose some weight is to ratchet down your caloric intake a little bit each day, keeping it gradual so that you don't feel the need to resist. Reduce your daily calories by 500 calories.
You can increase your fat burning potential by lowering your daily intake of caffeine. Research indicates that caffeine causes your body to burn its stores of fat more slowly.
Stop trying to put a stop to your habits that cause you to gain weight, instead, create new habits that will help you lose weight. Concentrating on positive change is a smart, simple way to remain on a diet. Fresh produce, such as fruit or vegetables, makes a healthier meal alternative to a fast food breakfast. It is easier to start new habits than stop old habits.
Rewarding yourself when you do good behavior is an important part of dieting. Treat yourself to a movie, a message or a little trip to your favorite store. Buying new clothes that actually fit will help you feel better about what you are doing, and will reward all of the hard work you have done.
TIP! If you are concerned about your weight and are heading out to eat, consider just who you are actually dining out with. Research shows that women and men both eat less when eating with a man.
Eat broccoli to help in your weight loss efforts. This vegetable is a very healthy one that has a lot of antioxidants in it. Broccoli is great because it can be eaten raw or steamed, and placed in a tasty salad. You will be rewarded with a healthy body.
Don't eat too late at night to lose weight quicker. This type of eating adds pounds because the body cannot process food efficiently when it is resting. If you can stop eating late at night then you will notice that you're able to lose more weight than ever.
Make sure you are keeping track of the number of calories you eat on a daily basis. You can do this many different ways. There are apps for smart phones or you can simply write everything you eat in a journal. This is a great way to see just how much or how little is actually being consumed.
TIP! One effective weight loss strategy is to replace as many of your drinks as possible with water. Some of the most popular beverages such as soda and juice are full of calories.
Now that you know a lot more about what it takes to lose weight, you can start getting rid of that weight you've wanted to lose. The best part is being able to fit into your clothes again! Use the tips you have learned here, and apply them to your journey to a healthier you.


In a time of delivering harmless Twitter tweets and bland interactions, Wendy's twitter account just turned the table and the Internet loved it.
In case you missed it. Here is the online exchange of Wendy's Twitter Roast.
Wendy's responded with the normal "corporate" response..
Engaging with Internet Trolls can always be challenging but companies like Wendy's are keeping things legit and realizing the benefits along the way.
Thuggy-D actually deleted his account, if it ever existed in the first place 🙂 – but not before the exchange could be copied.
It is great to see not only someone having fun at a corporate level, but also not afraid to take a stand.
*There are not prizes for Lime of the Week (at least not yet) but we are thinking a Dave's Hot 'n Juicy 1/2 Lb. Double and a frosty.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Happy International Women's Day!
UCFB and GIS has and will continue to champion female success in sport for our students and alumni, who now work at some of the biggest names in sport, with the help of our inspirational staff and partners.
Sharona FriedmanGIS President
Here at UCFB and GIS, we empower, encourage and celebrate women for their outstanding achievements.
The theme for this year's International Women's Day is #ChooseToChallenge. At UCFB and GIS, we #ChooseToChallenge gender inequality in higher education and the sports industry.
From offering scholarships to elite athletes to hosting events with senior executives and exclusive guest speaker talks, we aim to create an environment where women are encouraged to make a lasting impact in their careers and beyond.
Scroll to discover how we #ChooseToChallenge.
Featured: Exclusive Interview with Jo Tongue
In the latest episode of our Future Sport Series, CEO of Tongue Tied Management and Director of Women in Football Jo Tongue sits down with Clem to discuss managing the likes of Michael Carrick and sexism in sport.
Keep watching...
We've put together a playlist of the guest speakers, athletes and executives who have inspired us over the last year. Enjoy!
The International Women's Day 2021 playlist Watch now
UCFB x GIS Women in Sport Conference
Join us on Wednesday, 10th March to watch industry professionals, students and alumni share their experiences of how they got to where they are today.
Click here to book your place Book now
UCFB students Meg Howarth and Libbie Strutt are taking on the challenge of running 27 miles in 27 days in March, as a gesture of support and solidarity with the 27% of university students who report suffering with mental health issues each year.
Both myself and the Students' Union want to show our support for women in sports education. From studying in this sector myself I know the challenges we can face, but with the support of each other we can all smash it together.
Libbie StruttPresident of UCFB's Students' Union
Find out more and donate Read more
We work to ensure there are many opportunities for our students to show leadership and challenge perceptions in what is a traditionally male dominated industry.
Kira CoxStudent Experience Coordinator, Student Services
Women from all backgrounds and walks of life have shaped the world we live in. They fought for our rights, spoke against discrimination and excelled in every area possible to bring about change. International Women's Day is here to remind us about the struggles as well as the wealth of contributions women have made and continue to make.
Anielka Pieniazek Scholarships & Bursaries Manager
She Can Play
This scholarship has been designed in recognition of the significance of elite women's football. It is open to an existing first team or reserve team Women's Super League player, Women's Championship player, and high-level academy players. Each scholarship is an award in the value of up to £1,500 and is offered in a format of £500 fee reduction, supplemented by a sports package that includes UCFB sports kit and travel support for training, matches with your club and or the UCFB Women's Football (Academy) team and events. Find out more.
She Kicks
Offered in partnership with She Kicks Magazine, this scholarship is open to an outstanding female applicant who can demonstrate that a UCFB degree can assist them with their career ambitions. Applicants will be selected based on their academic profile or extra-curricular activities such as community engagement or volunteering. Previous experience in football or sport is not necessary, just a commitment and drive towards working in the world of football and sports business and a belief that a career in football and sport is open to people of all genders and backgrounds. Find out more.
She Can Coach
This scholarship is aimed at female coaches who have an interest in furthering their career in football coaching. This award is open to any female students with a passion for coaching and strong volunteering experience who have applied for coaching or physical education degrees at UCFB. Find out more.
The scholarship programme is open to outstanding female applicants holding an offer for an on campus (Wembley or Etihad), MSc programme with GIS. Candidates should have an interest in football, the ability to set clear goals and have a drive to achieve them. The recruitment process will address the diversity criteria, ensuring that a range of candidates from ethnic, socially diverse backgrounds, as well as from groups with other protected characteristics, apply for the programme. Find out more.
She Can Play scholar and professional footballer for Tottenham Hotspur Women Elisha Sulola
She may have recently made her Women's Super League (WSL) debut and be one of Tottenham Hotspur's brightest young prospects, but it's her abilities as a coach that are what drives Elisha Sulola to be an inspiration in her local community.
UCFB Women's Academy, Wembley
Our women's football academy based at our iconic Wembley campus in London is tailored for elite level female footballers across the United Kingdom.
Find out more UCFB Academy, Wembley
Football and sport is for all and despite the tremendous efforts of so many individuals and organisations to blaze trails, lay foundations, create new opportunities and support others, there is still much further ground to be made on creating a more level playing field.
Jen O'NeilEditor for She Kicks Magazine
Women's Sport Alliance
In December, we partnered with the Women's Sport Alliance to give our students the chance to gain important work placements, discounted WSA membership and access to exclusive guest speakers.
Since then, five UCFB and GIS students have secured placements with the Women's Sport Alliance. We spoke to Jordan Guard, Founder and Director of the WSA to find out how they've got on so far.
UCFB's partnership with She Kicks has seen students assist She Kicks with office-based, convention-based and Women's World Cup-based work on the She Kicks Scholarship scheme. Read about Prerna's time at the Women's World Cup!
The growing industry of women's football and sport
Things have changed dramatically because of the hard work us women in the industry have done to bring other women through. There are far more of us, we are getting more opportunities, we are showing everybody how much better business can be if you have a diverse workforce.
Jo TongueDirector of Women in Football
UCFB latest news: Women in sport
Lionesses legend Rachel Yankey: 'England need to win a major tournament' Nov 01, 2021 | 3 minute read Women in sport
Rachel Yankey on the 'beauty' of the women's game that 'we don't want to lose' Sep 21, 2021 | 3 minute read Women in sport
Graduate Georgia signs for top Portuguese side Vilaverdense FC Sep 06, 2021 | 3 minute read Women in sport
Our scholarships scheme is designed to encourage students to embrace their time at UCFB and graduate with more than just their university degree. Visit our scholarship and bursaries section to find out about all the schemes available to UCFB applicants, including some female specific ones.
Chat with our student ambassadors
Got a question about a degree programme or student life? Send a message to one of our friendly female student ambassadors to find out more about their life at UCFB Wembley and UCFB Etihad Campus.
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The Lexington-class aircraft carriers were a pair of aircraft carriers built for the United States Navy (USN) during the 1920s, the  and . The ships were built on hulls originally laid down as battlecruisers after World War I, but under the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, all U.S. battleship and battlecruiser construction was cancelled. The Treaty, however, allowed two of the unfinished ships to be converted to carriers. They were the first operational aircraft carriers in the USN and were used to develop carrier aviation tactics and procedures before World War II in a series of annual exercises.

They proved extremely successful as carriers and experience with the Lexington class convinced the Navy of the value of large carriers. They were the largest aircraft carriers in the USN until the s were completed beginning in 1945. The ships served in World War II, seeing action in many battles. Although Lexington was sunk in the first carrier battle in history (the Battle of the Coral Sea) in 1942, Saratoga served throughout the war, despite being torpedoed twice, notably participating in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in mid-1942 where her aircraft sank the Japanese light carrier . She supported Allied operations in the Indian Ocean and South West Pacific Areas until she became a training ship at the end of 1944.  Saratoga returned to combat to protect American forces during the Battle of Iwo Jima in early 1945, but was badly damaged by kamikazes. The continued growth in the size and weight of carrier aircraft made her obsolete by the end of the war. In mid-1946, the ship was purposefully sunk during nuclear weapon tests in Operation Crossroads.

Development

The Lexington-class ships were originally designed to be battlecruisers, with heavy guns, high speed, and moderate armor protection. The Navy laid down six ships of the class in 1919–20. When the battlecruisers were cancelled under the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, two of the unfinished ships were designated for completion as carriers. Lexington and Saratoga were selected since they were the most advanced of the six ships in construction.

Conversion became a series of compromises and mixed blessings which would not have arisen had they been "specifically designed carriers" from the outset. On the plus side, the ships would have better anti-torpedo protection, larger magazines for aircraft bombs and, with the aft elevator  higher than otherwise, more room for aircraft landings. On the minus side, a converted battlecruiser would be  slower than a specifically designed carrier, have 16 percent less hangar space, less emergency fuel and, with "narrower lines" aft, not as wide a runway for which to aim. Costs were similar. A brand-new aircraft carrier was estimated at $27.1 million. Conversion of a Lexington class was $22.4 million, not counting the $6.7 million already sunk into them. Added together, the figure rose to $28.1 million.

The bottom line, with the signing of the treaty, was that any capital ships under construction by the five signatories (the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan) had to be canceled and scrapped. For battlecruisers, this encompassed the United States Lexington class, Japan's , and Great Britain's G3 battlecruisers. For the U.S. Navy, the choice seemed clear. If it scrapped all six Lexingtons in accordance with the treaty, it would throw away $13.4 million that could otherwise go toward aircraft carriers. The Navy opted for the latter course.

The next challenge the Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair faced was the tonnage cap set by the treaty. Carriers were to be no more than 27,000 tons. An exception, spearheaded by Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt Jr. and added to the treaty, allowed capital ships under conversion to go up to 33,000 tons, an increase of 6000 tons. This would almost not be enough for a conversion without removing half the power plant, something the Navy General Board did not consider an option. Creative interpreting of a clause in the treaty allowed a potential way out of this situation. The clause (Chapter II, Part III, Section I, (d)) read:

Without this clause, conversion might not have been feasible. Estimates made in 1928 for the two ships put Lexington at an actual tonnage of 35,689 tons and Saratoga at 35,544. On official lists, the number given was 33,000 tons, with the footnote, "[this number] does not include weight allowance under Ch. 2, pt. 3, Sec. 1, art. (d) of Washington Treaty for providing means against air and submarine attack". This tonnage was used by these ships for their entire careers.

Design and description

General description
The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of  at deep load. Saratoga had a standard displacement of , and  at deep load.

One of their innovative features was a relatively new kind of bow called the bulbous bow or Taylor bow, named after its inventor, Rear Admiral David W. Taylor, who served as Chief Constructor for the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair in World War I. The result of a series of towing tests begun in 1910, this bow reduced water resistance by an average of six percent at high speeds, supported the forecastle and reduced bending stress on the hull. A disadvantage was the formation of a thick layer of water, part of the bow wave, which would creep up along the forward side of the hull at higher speeds, although this could be reduced to some degree by careful design of this area.

Flight deck arrangements
These ships were given a  teak flight deck. Their hangar had a clear height of  and encompassed . It was the largest enclosed space afloat, civilian or military, when built. The hangar was  long and its width varied from , constrained by the bulky funnel uptakes and boat compartments. The height of the hangar was not exceeded on an American aircraft carrier until the  ships appeared in the mid-1950s. Aircraft repair shops,  long, were aft of the hangar and below them was a storage space for disassembled aircraft,  long. The hangar was divided by a single fire curtain just forward of the aft aircraft elevator.

The carriers were fitted with two hydraulically powered elevators on their centerline. The forward elevator was  and had a capacity of . A  section of the flight deck adjoining the rear edge of the elevator could split down the centerline to lift aircraft otherwise too long. Carrying , it moved at a speed of . The aft elevator measured  and could only lift . Munitions were delivered from the magazines by two hydraulically powered bomb lifts and one torpedo lift. A folding crane with a capacity of  was positioned on the flight deck forward of the gun turrets. Aviation gasoline was stored in eight compartments of the torpedo protection system and their capacity has been quoted as either  or . A flywheel-powered aircraft catapult,  long, was fitted at the bow; it could launch a  aircraft at a speed of . It was removed in 1934 as unnecessary.

The Lexington-class ships were designed to carry 78 aircraft of various types, including 36 bombers, but these numbers increased once the Navy adopted the practice of tying up spare aircraft in the unused spaces at the top of the hangar. In 1936, her air group consisted of 18 Grumman F2F-1 and 18 Boeing F4B-4 fighters, plus an additional nine F2Fs in reserve. Offensive punch was provided by 20 Vought SBU Corsair dive bombers with 10 spare aircraft and 18 Great Lakes BG torpedo bombers with nine spares. Miscellaneous aircraft included two Grumman JF Duck amphibians, plus one in reserve, and three active and one spare Vought O2U Corsair observation aircraft. This amounted to 79 aircraft, plus 30 spares.

In early December 1941, Lexington was ferrying 18 U.S. Marine Corps Vought SB2U Vindicator dive bombers to Midway Atoll and at that time she embarked 65 of her own aircraft, including 17 Brewster F2A Buffalo fighters. During the Wake Island relief expedition later that month, Saratogas air group consisted of 13 Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters, 42 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers, and 11 Douglas TBD Devastator torpedo bombers. The ship also carried 14 Marine Corps Buffalos for delivery at Wake. Before the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in mid-1942, Saratogas air group consisted of 90 aircraft, comprising 37 Wildcats, 37 Dauntlesses and 16 Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers. In early 1945, the ship carried 53 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters and 17 Avengers.

Propulsion
Turbo-electric propulsion had been chosen for the battlecruisers because American companies struggled to produce the very large geared turbines necessary for such big ships and was retained when they were converted into aircraft carriers. One advantage of turbo-electric drive was that the substitution of flexible electric cables for bulky steam-lines allowed the motors to be mounted farther aft; this reduced vibration and weight by shortening the propeller shafts. Another was the ability to go astern at full power without needing a separate reverse turbine to do so, simply by reversing the electrical polarity of the motors. Other benefits were the ability to operate all four propellers if one of the turbo generators failed, and the possibility of operating only some of the generators at low speed with suitably higher loading and greater efficiency. "[Turbo-electric drive] was efficient, rugged and always reliable. But it was also heavy, intricate, and not easy to maintain and keep tuned up." The machinery also required special ventilation measures to dissipate heat and to keep out any salt air. Even with this and elaborate insulation measures, protection from moisture or from flooding due to battle damage or other causes remained problematic and it posed the danger of high voltage to the crew if damaged.

Each propeller was  in diameter and each of the four propeller shafts was powered by two  electric motors acting in tandem. These motors were about five times the size of any earlier electric motor. Four General Electric turbo generators powered each propeller shaft and each was rated at , 5000 volts and 4620 amps of direct current (DC). Each of the four AC alternators produced 40,000 kVA. Sixteen water-tube boilers, each in their own individual compartment, provided steam for the generators at a working pressure of  and a temperature of . The turbo-electric machinery of the Lexington-class ships was designed to produce a total of  and propel the ships at , but each ship reached over  and  in sea trials in 1928. Six  DC turbo generators were installed in the upper levels of the two main turbine compartments.

The ships carried a maximum of  of fuel oil, but only  of that was usable as the rest had to be retained as ballast in the port fuel tanks to offset the weight of the island and main guns. They demonstrated a range of  at a speed of  with  of oil.

Armament

The Bureau of Construction and Repair was not then convinced that aircraft could be an effective and sufficient armament for a warship. Thus the design as carriers included a substantial gun battery of eight 8"/55 caliber guns in four twin gun turrets, two pairs of superfiring turrets fore and aft of the island. These turrets were mounted above the flight deck on the starboard side, two before the bridge, and two behind the funnel. The guns in theory could fire to both sides, but it is probable that if they were fired to port (across the deck) the blast would have damaged the flight deck. The guns could be depressed to −5° and elevated to +41°; they were loaded at an angle of +9°. They fired  projectiles at a muzzle velocity of ; this gave a maximum range of .

The Lexington class' anti-aircraft (AA) armament consisted of a dozen 5"/25 caliber guns, six on each side of the ship on single mounts. They had a maximum elevation of +85°. They fired  projectiles at a muzzle velocity of . Their maximum range against surface targets was  at +30° elevation.

As built, the ships were not fitted with any light AA guns, but a few  water-cooled M2 Browning anti-aircraft machine guns were fitted shortly after commissioning and the numbers gradually increased over the 1930s. Lexington had 24 of these guns aboard when she was sunk in early 1942. Their  projectiles had a muzzle velocity of , but an effective range of only . They had a rate of fire of 550–700 rounds per minute and were exceedingly reliable, however, their projectiles were too light and too short ranged so they were replaced by license-built Oerlikon 20 mm autocannon beginning in 1942. The Oerlikon fired ,  high-explosive shells at a muzzle velocity of . Its maximum range was  although the effective range was under . The cyclic rate of fire was 450 rounds per minute, but the practical rate was between 250 and 320 rounds per minute owing to the need to reload magazines. Saratoga mounted 52 of these guns in late 1942.

The Navy had been developing a quadruple 1.1-inch light AA gun since the early 1930s, but it was delayed with teething problems, so five single 3"/50 caliber Mk 10 AA guns were installed in 1940 as temporary replacements. They fired  shells at a muzzle velocity of . At +85° elevation they had an anti-aircraft ceiling of .

The Navy made plans to remove the  gun turrets in 1940 and replace them with four twin 5"/38 caliber dual-purpose gun turrets (the standard mounting on U.S. battleships and cruisers). At the same time, the  25-caliber guns were to be replaced with more 5"/38 guns on a two for three basis to compensate for their greater weight. The guns fired  projectiles at a muzzle velocity of  at a rate of fire up to 20 rounds per minute. Against surface targets they had a range of .

Five quadruple 1.1-inch gun mounts were finally fitted aboard the Lexington-class ships in late 1941 and early 1942. The  projectiles had a muzzle velocity of  and an effective range of . The maximum rate of fire was 150 rounds per minute although the frequent need to reload the eight-round magazines reduced that. The gun was not successful in service and it was replaced by the license-built Bofors 40 mm gun beginning in late 1942. The ,  high-explosive shell was fired at a muzzle velocity of . Its maximum range was  although the effective range was around . The cyclic rate of fire was 160 rounds per minute. The guns were fitted in quadruple and twin gun mounts in increasing numbers over the war. Saratoga had 23 quadruple and two twin mounts in early 1944.

Lexingtons eight-inch gun turrets were removed in early 1942, but they were replaced by seven additional quadruple 1.1-inch gun mounts as a temporary measure. The ship was sunk before her five-inch guns could be replaced and the turrets installed. Saratogas armament was upgraded in early 1942 while she was under repair after she had been torpedoed. The eight-inch guns and turrets of both ships were reused as coast defense weapons on Oahu.

Fire control and electronics
The two superfiring eight-inch turrets had a Mk 30 rangefinder at the rear of the turret for local control, but the guns were normally controlled by two Mk 18 fire-control directors, one each on the fore and aft spotting tops. A  rangefinder was fitted on top of the pilothouse to provide range information for the directors. Each group of three 5-inch guns was controlled by a Mk 19 director, two of which were mounted on each side of the spotting tops. Plans were made before the war to replace the obsolete Mk 19 directors with two heavier Mk 33 directors, one each on the fore and aft five-inch spotting tops, but these plans were cancelled when the dual-purpose guns replaced the main armament in early 1942.

Saratoga received a RCA CXAM-1 early warning radar in February 1941 during a refit in Bremerton. The antenna was mounted on the forward lip of the funnel with its control room directly below the aerial, replacing the secondary conning station formerly mounted there. She also received two FC (Mk 3) surface fire-control radars in late 1941, although these were both removed along with her main armament in January 1942. The new dual-purpose guns were controlled by two Mk 37 directors, each mounting an FD (Mk 4) anti-aircraft gunnery radar. When the 1.1-inch guns were replaced by 40 mm guns in 1942, the directors for the smaller guns were replaced by five Mk 51 directors. Additional radars were added during 1942 and the ship's electronics were modernized during her refit in January 1944.

Armor
The waterline belt of the Lexington-class ships tapered  in thickness from top to bottom and angled 11° outwards at the top. This angle increased the armor's relative thickness to horizontal, close-range fire, albeit at the cost of reducing its relative height which increased the chance of plunging shellfire going over or under it. It covered the middle  of the ships. Forward, the belt ended in a bulkhead that also tapered from seven to five inches in thickness. Aft, it terminated at a seven-inch bulkhead. This belt had a height of . The third deck over the ships' machinery and magazine was armored with two layers of special treatment steel (STS) totaling  in thickness. The steering gear, however, was protected by two layers of STS that totaled  on the flat and  on the slope.

The gun turrets were protected only against splinters with  of armor. The conning tower was  of STS, and it had a communications tube with two-inch sides ran from the conning tower down to the lower conning position on the third deck. The torpedo defense system of the Lexington-class ships consisted of three to six medium steel protective bulkheads that ranged from  in thickness. The spaces between them could be left empty or used as fuel tanks to absorb the detonation of a torpedo's warhead.

Ships

Service

Lexington and Saratoga were used to develop and refine carrier tactics in a series of annual exercises before World War II. On more than one occasion these included successfully staged surprise attacks on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Lexingtons turbo-electric propulsion system allowed her to supplement the electrical supply of Tacoma, Washington, in a drought from late 1929 to early 1930. She also delivered medical personnel and relief supplies to Managua, Nicaragua, after an earthquake in 1931.

Both ships were assigned to the Pacific Fleet and were based at Pearl Harbor in December 1941, although, at the time of the Japanese attack, neither of them were in port. Lexington was at sea ferrying fighter aircraft to Midway Island. Her mission was cancelled and she returned to Pearl Harbor a week later. Saratoga had completed a major refit at Bremerton, and, following work up, had arrived in San Diego to embark her air group. Saratoga immediately sailed for Hawaii as the flagship of Carrier Division One, arriving on December 15.

A few days after Lexington returned to Pearl Harbor from her aboarted mission to Midway, she was sent to create a diversion from the force en route to relieve the besieged Wake Island garrison by attacking Japanese installations in the Marshall Islands. The island was forced to surrender before the relief force got close enough, and the mission was cancelled. A planned attack on Wake Island in January 1942 had to be cancelled when a submarine sank the oiler required to supply the fuel for the return trip. Lexington was sent to the Coral Sea the following month to block any Japanese advances into the area. The ship was spotted by Japanese search aircraft while approaching Rabaul, New Britain, and her aircraft shot down most of the Japanese bombers that attacked her. Together with the carrier , she successfully attacked Japanese shipping off the east coast of New Guinea in early March.

Lexington was briefly refitted in Pearl Harbor at the end of the month and rendezvoused with Yorktown in the Coral Sea in early May. A few days later the Japanese began Operation MO, the invasion of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, and the two American carriers attempted to stop the invasion forces. They sank the light aircraft carrier  on 7 May in the Battle of the Coral Sea, but did not encounter the main Japanese force of the carriers  and  until the next day. Aircraft from Lexington and Yorktown succeeded in badly damaging Shōkaku, but the Japanese aircraft crippled Lexington. Vapors from leaking aviation gasoline tanks sparked a series of explosions and fires that could not be controlled, and the carrier had to be scuttled by an American destroyer on the evening of 8 May to prevent her capture.

Shortly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Saratoga was the centerpiece of the unsuccessful American effort to relieve Wake Island and was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine a few weeks later. After lengthy repairs, the ship supported forces participating in the Guadalcanal Campaign and her aircraft sank the light carrier  in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in August 1942. She was again torpedoed the following month and returned to the Solomon Islands area after repairs were completed.

In 1943, Saratoga supported Allied forces involved in the New Georgia Campaign and invasion of Bougainville in the northern Solomon Islands and her aircraft twice attacked the Japanese base at Rabaul in November. Early in 1944, her aircraft provided air support in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands Campaign before she was transferred to the Indian Ocean for several months to support the Royal Navy's Eastern Fleet as it attacked targets in Java and Sumatra. After a brief refit in mid-1944, the ship became a training ship for the rest of the year.

In early 1945, Saratoga participated in the Battle of Iwo Jima as a dedicated night fighter carrier. Several days into the battle, she was badly damaged by kamikaze hits and was forced to return to the United States for repairs. While under repair, the ship, now increasingly obsolete, was permanently modified as a training carrier with some of her hangar deck converted into classrooms. Saratoga remained in this role for the rest of the war and was used to ferry troops back to the United States after the Japanese surrender in August. In July 1946, she was used as a target for atomic bomb tests in Operation Crossroads, and sank at Bikini Atoll. Her wreck is easily accessible to scuba divers and organized dive tours are available.

Notes

Footnotes

References

External links
War Service Fuel Consumption of U.S. Naval Surface Vessels FTP 218
 DANFS page on Lexington
 DANFS page on Saratoga

Aircraft carrier classes

Turbo-electric steamships
 Lexington-class aircraft carriers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Gülen movement
Fethullah Gülen as a Pious, Dedicated Muslim
Who is Fethullah Gülen – His Life
Fethullah Gülen as an Educator
Peace Advocate
Fethullah Gülen as an Islamic Scholar
Fethullah Gülen as an Intellectual
Fethullah Gülen as a Preacher
Fethullah Gülen as a Global Leader
Gulen Movement
What is the Gülen Movement
Brief History of the Gülen Movement
Interfaith and Intercultural Dialogue
Media Involvement
Participation in the Movement
A select biography of Fethullah Gülen
Gülen pursued his secular education in positive sciences, literature, history and philosophy through informal self-education. During his military service, his commander recommended a number of major thinkers for his reading. Among the writers whose work he encountered this way were Hugo, de Balzac, Kant, Shakespeare and Einstein, and French existentialist philosophers such as Sartre and Camus, as well as Marcuse's critique of modernity and Shakespeare's plays. With this background, he would later develop his thoughts on reconciling modernity and spirituality through Islamic values.
Sanaa El-Banna
Fethullah Gülen was born in 1941, in a small village near Erzurum, in eastern Turkey, an area known for its conservative culture and Sufi traditions, and described by Gülen as a village where poverty, scarcity, and drought was prevalent. He completed his early secular education at primary school. However, his further formal schooling was prevented by his father's appointment as an imam in a different province where, because of distance, secondary education was not then accessible to him. He received instead informal education from his parents and the scholars of his town, and was introduced to Risale-i Nur through Nursi's students. Gülen remembers that his first teacher was his mother, a Qur'an teacher in the village, who trained him in correct Qur'anic recitation. His father, Ramiz Efendi, was an imam with close connections to the Nakshibendi tarikat in Erzurum. He taught Gülen both Persian and Arabic, and gave him entrée to the world of Islamic thinkers such as al-Hasan al-Basri, Harith al-Mu- hasibi, al-Ghazali, Jelaluddin Rumi, Ahmed Faruk Sirhindi, Shah Wali Allah al-Dihlawi. Gülen later came under the tutelage of (Alvarli) Muhammad Lütfi Efendi, a member in the Kadiri Sufi order who, according to Gülen, greatly influenced his intellectual development.
In fact, the Nakshibendi background of his tutors is especially important in the sense that it represents an influential "part of Turk- ish history, culture, economics, politics, and individual identity for several centuries (…) and a repository of virtually all cultural and religious traditions that have existed in Turkey." While this background explains the increasingly spiritual curve of his thought, manifest in his four-volume masterpiece, Key Concepts in the Practice of Sufism: the Emerald Hills of the Heart, Gülen never took part in a Sufi order (or tarikat) and strongly resists characterizing Hizmet as a tarikat or Sufi order centered around a shaykh. Indeed, he has often criticized the tarikats for cultivating individual passivity toward social responsibilities. Gülen, rather, envisages Sufism as the spirit of Islam, "a path followed by individuals for the pursuit of deeper understanding of the Qur'anic message." Guided by the practice of the Prophet's companions, it is the way that leads individuals to better engagement in their society through constituting role models of absolute self-sacrifice.
Gülen's rural and Anatolian background also draws attention to "Anatolian Muslimness" as a major input in his formation. Anatolian Muslimness, (1) described in terms of cultural and liturgical practices, is characterized by: (i) mediation, mainly between the meaning of the Arabic Scripture and Turkish-speaking Muslims, ii) mürşid/guide centrality, and (iii) rootedness in regional and ascetic ideals as cultivated through the work of classical poets such as Alvarlı, Mehmet Akif, Necip Fazıl, Erol Güngör, Sezai Karakoç and other Turkish poets. This input helps to explain how Gülen has such a strong influence on the general public through his sermons, poetry and writings.
Ottoman history shows in Gülen's background through his assertion that Ottomans modeled Islamic values through their spirit of dialogue; their multilingual, multi-ethnic and multi-religious society; their respect for women; and the cultural rapprochement between Ottoman society and the West during the nineteenth century. In addition to the Millet system of the Ottoman rule, mutual recognition of the different segments of society was also inculcated by the traditional Sufi Masters that are repeatedly cited in his writings, such as Yunus Emre, Ahmed Yesevi, Haji Bayram-i Veli, and Akşemseddin (the Sufi master of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror). In some of his articles, Gülen vividly describes the Ottoman civilization as one with qualities of "the mind, heart, and spirit."
While sociologist Elisabeth Özdalga defines three reference points for Gülen's thought—Sunni Islam, Nakshibendi Sufi traditions, and the Nurculuk movement — his biography suggests a wider input space in addition to his experience as an official preacher since the 1960s. In this regard, Skinner underlines a number of factors that help to identify wider input spaces and that better explain the momentous spread of an intellectual's ideas around the world: "what the intellectual was doing" in writing his text, what question he is addressing, and how he utilizes the concepts available to him. The following paragraphs provide a more rounded grasp of Gülen's thought through examining these factors.
In 1960, Gülen was granted official status as a preacher of the Turkish Directorate of Religious Affairs. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, he held posts in Edırne, Kırklareli, and İzmir and the Aegean region. At the same time as providing a fairly broad exposure to the different sub-cultural and urban systems of modern Turkey, this experience also informed his discourse with both general and particular acquaintances among his audience. Moreover, Gülen preached in coffee shops, village gatherings, workplaces, and organized camps for students in middle and high school. The subjects of his sermons ranged from education, science, Darwinism, economy and social justice to more theological subjects of the Islamic faith, which later crystallized in his main argument: "our three greatest enemies are ignorance, poverty, and internal schism."
With the spread of his ideas on education and charitable support for needy students, Gülen inspired the establishment of a bursary and student hostel system known as "lighthouses" (ışık evleri). Support was received from local working and middle-class groups, which set up study circles around the ideas of Gülen. By these means, Hizmet ethics started to spread steadily across the whole Anatolian region, where his supporters, then barely a hundred working class individuals, formed the core of what was later known as the Hizmet Movement.
The movement's first university preparatory courses were established in 1974 in Manisa, where Gülen was posted at that time. Following the success of such initiatives, Gülen was called upon to preach in different parts of Turkey, where local communities were becoming enormously hopeful about the future of their children. Moreover, in 1979, Sızıntı started as a monthly journal, which, among other topics, expressed Gülen's ideas about the reconciliation of faith with secular education, with the nation state, and with democracy. Gülen provided the editorial section from the beginning, elaborating on the relationship between Islam, Sufism and the meaning of faith in modern life.
In the 1980s Turkey, led by Turgut Özal, also witnessed an unprecedented economic and political liberalization that gave rise to a new class of technocrats, professionals, businessmen, and wealthy entrepreneurs, who combined religious conservatism with qualified education and profound orientation toward the Hizmet ethos as promoted by Gülen; this class found Gülen's message acceptable due to his use of strong traditional Islamic arguments from the Qur'an and Sunnah (Kurani Makuliyet). In later decades this sector of society evolved into the "Anatolian bourgeoisie" that sets up and finances the Hizmet Movement's schools and charitable organizations. With Özal's new socio-economic policies, a "market friendly religio-education movement" started to gain organizational and institutional momentum. Gülen's sermons during the 1980s drew large crowds of supporters, who also videotaped his lectures and broadcast and transcribed them for the larger population of conservative Turks.
The social and cultural constituency for Gülen's ideas was further multiplied after the collapse of the former Soviet Union in the early 1990s, and the consequent liberation of many Turkic nations in the Central Asian and Balkan regions. The concepts of tolerance, human rights, education, and dialogue, which had hitherto comprised the themes of Gülen's writings, became ideally suitable for his new listeners in the multi-ethnic Turkic societies.
In 1994, the Journalists and Writers Foundation was established. Since the late 1990s, the Journalists and Writers Foundation has been contributing to the diffusion of Hizmet strategies of consultation and consensus-building through the Abant Platforms. These annual forums have engaged a wide network of academicians, journalists and intellectuals from across the political spectrum in discussions about a national and/or international issue. At the end of each meeting the platform releases a statement, which has been reached by consensus.
Also in 1994, Gülen made visits to preach in Turkish mosques and community centers around the world, especially in the United States and European countries. Gülen-inspired schools, media enterprises, and business associations began to spread in the Balkan and Central Asian regions. Gülen also inspired the establishment of a chain of economic and media outlets, including the Association for Solidarity in Business Life (ISHAD) and the Businessmen's Association for Freedom (HURSIAD) in 1993, and the Turkish Businessmen and Industrialists Confederation (TUSKON), all of which paved the way toward establishing schools and trade initiatives all over the world, and also created mutual interests between the movement and subsequent Turkish regimes.
Gülen's positive views on inter-faith and inter-cultural dialogue had been expressed publicly as far back as 1998 with his visit to Pope John Paul II and continuously since that time. The 9/11 attacks on the United States gave further impetus to Hizmet's dialogue work after the movement and its participants were recognized by Western policy makers as a potential means of promoting understanding and coexistence within Western societies—mainly between Muslim communities and the larger "indigenous" community. Hizmet further extended its model of "Sufi-type modern spirituality" to the post- 9/11 world and created an immensely active transnational network of dialogue NGOs and educational services in many areas of the world previously untouched by its work.
(1) The term refers to a type of Muslimness/Muslimhood that accommodates differences and institutionalizes co-existence in social, economic, and political institutions. It holds that the Anatolian region was exposed to many cultures, faiths and communities both before and during its Ottoman history. According to Gülen it has been able to preserve much of these cultural and religious traditions by escaping the European colonial complex. It therefore differs from other types of Muslimhood that grew in culturally homogeneous environments and envision a single straight norm of religiosity that reflects their social and historical settings.
Sanaa El-Banna, 2013. "Resource Mobilization in Gülen-Inspired Hizmet," New York, Blue Dome Press. Pages, 21-27
Tags: Fethullah Gulen | Fethullah Gülen's life |
What kind of a change does Fethullah Gülen offer?
According to Gülen, the chaos and turmoil has spread on earth because of the lack of morality. High quality education is needed for this reason: to eradicate the…
Gülen's Holistic Approach to Education
Yuksel A. Aslandogan, Muhammed Cetin One way to evaluate Gülen's educational philosophy and its appeal for diverse societies from Turkey to South Africa, and from the Philippines to…
Terror from an Islamic perspective
Islam and terror are like black and white or spring and winter. They are sharply different from each other, and terror cannot approach Islam. In connection with the…
Fethullah Gülen's Condolence Message for South African Human Rights Defender Archbishop Desmond Tutu
I am deeply saddened to learn of the death of Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who has been an advocate for human rights and equality throughout his life in his native South Africa and around the world.
– Fethullah Gulen
Hizmet Movement Declares Core Values with Unified Voice
The Alliance for Shared Values (AfSV), a U.S.-based non-profit representing regional Hizmet organizations, together with many other Hizmet-affiliated nonprofits around the world, published a landmark document that helps define and guide the civil society movement's activities for years to come.
Ankara systematically tortures supporters of Gülen movement, Kurds, Turkey Tribunal rapporteurs say
The Turkey Tribunal, a civil society-led, symbolic international tribunal established to adjudicate recent human rights violations in Turkey, started proceedings in Geneva on Monday where rapporteurs pointed to the use of systematic torture by the government against alleged members of the faith-based Gülen movement and Kurds.
Erdogan possessed by Pharaoh, Herod, Hitler spirits?
In the first chapter of his book: "A Genocide in the Making?" Zooming on "Erdogan's regime crackdown on the Gulen Movement", Dr. Bulent Kenes clearly refers to "genocide" as a set of "systematic violent crimes committed against groups with the intent to terminate their existence."
Devious Use of International Organizations to Persecute Dissidents Abroad: The Erdogan Case
The signatory states and their courts need to decide where their loyalty lies: With the authoritarian Erdogan government or with the human rights and judicial guarantees solemnly enshrined in their respective constitutions?
A "Controlled Coup": Erdogan's Contribution to the Autocrats' Playbook
Appearing on TV that night, Erdogan claimed no pre-knowledge of the incident and immediately blamed Gulen supporters in the military. However, Western governments and observers were not convinced. Experts noted the implausibility of a civilian living on another continent organizing a military coup and not being detected by U.S., Turkish or other intelligence agencies.
Why is Turkey's Erdogan persecuting the Gulen movement?
Erdogan's government has made Gulenists "the enemy you ascribe to everything that goes poorly in Turkey," according to Henri Barkey, a fellow for Middle East studies at the Council on Foreign Relations.
Purge-victim man sent back to prison over Gulen links despite stage 4 cancer diagnosis
Yusuf Özmen, a cancer patient who has been sentenced to 8 years, 9 months in prison due to his alleged links to the Gülen movement, has recently been sent back to prison after the supreme court of appeals upheld the prison sentence.
University refuses admission to woman jailed over Gülen links
Ünzile Köşker, who was jailed for alleged links to the Gülen movement, was not allowed to enroll at a university despite passing the nationwide entrance exam because she "posed a risk," Bold Medya reported.
Bulgaria, the state sentenced to compensate Turkish journalist
The European Court of Human Rights condemned Bulgaria for the 2016 extradition of a Turkish journalist, hastily handed over to the Turkish authorities who accused him of being part of the Fehtullah Gülen movement, in violation of national and international rules.
Source: https://hizmetnews.com
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text:
Day in the Life: Steve Gleason
Hometown Saints
Saints Photos | New Orleans Saints | NewOrleansSaints.com
All-Time Saints Draft Class
Saints fans voted on the best Saints draft picks from each round of the draft. Here are the selections.
Fans voted RB Deuce McAllister the best first round Draft pick in Saints history.
Fans voted LB Rickey Jackson the best second round Draft pick in Saints history.
Fans voted TE Jimmy Graham the best third round Draft pick in Saints history.
Fans voted K Morten Andersen the best fourth round Draft pick in Saints history.
Fans voted P Thomas Morstead the best fifth round Draft pick in Saints history.
Fans voted RB/KR Fred McAfee the best sixth round Draft pick in Saints history.
Fans voted WR Marques Colston the best seventh round Draft pick in Saints history.
Fans voted RB Hokie Gajan the best post-seventh round Draft pick in Saints history.
Photos: Remembering Mike Tilleman
Saints honor a member of the inaugural 1967 team, defensive tackle Mike Tilleman (#74) who passed away on September 18, 2020.
Photos: Marques Colston with the New Orleans Saints
We look back at Saints Hall of Fame wide receiver Marques Colston's years with the New Orleans Saints
Photos: Morten Andersen with the New Orleans Saints
As he celebrates his 60th birthday, we look back at Hall of Fame kicker Morten Andersen's years with the New Orleans Saints.
Photos: Bobby Hebert with the New Orleans Saints
As he celebrates his birthday, we look back at quarterback Bobby Hebert's years with the New Orleans Saints.
Photos: Danny Abramowicz with the New Orleans Saints
As he celebrates his birthday, we look back at Saints Hall of Famer Danny Abramowicz's years in uniform and as offensive coordinator with New Orleans.
Photos: Joe Johnson with the New Orleans Saints
As he celebrates his birthday, we look back at defensive end Joe Johnson's years in uniform with the New Orleans Saints.
Photos: La'Roi Glover with the New Orleans Saints
As he celebrates his birthday, we look back at defensive tackle La'Roi Glover's years in uniform with the New Orleans Saints.
Photos: Saints players and coaches make jump to broadcasting
Take a look at current and former New Orleans Saints players and coaches who have taken their talents to the broadcasting booth following their football careers.
Best photos of Saints Hall of Fame inductee Roman Harper
The New Orleans Saints celebrate former safety Roman Harper as he is inducted into the Saints Hall of Fame class of 2020.
Best photos of Saints Hall of Fame inductee Jahri Evans
The New Orleans Saints celebrate former guard Jahri Evans as he is inducted into the Saints Hall of Fame class of 2020.
Photos: Fred McAfee with the New Orleans Saints
As our Director of Player Engagement celebrates his birthday, we look back at running back Fred McAfee's years in uniform with the New Orleans Saints.
Flashback: Saints Super Bowl XLIV Ring Ceremony
Head inside the New Orleans Saints ring ceremony following the team's win in Super Bowl XLIV.


Who's excited for reams and reams of new stories that are likely gloomy, brutal and horrifying only for them to be whitewashed into super child-friendly parables and then re-darkened into adult action-adventure yarns?
Over 500 new fairy tales have been discovered in Germany.
Many of the stories in Von Schonwerth's collection are found nowhere else. The tales include stories for adults as well as children. There are stories about magical animals, princesses, evil witches, farmers and more. In one of the stories a young woman escapes a witch by turning herself into a pond. The witch then drinks the pond and swallows the woman along with it. The woman then escapes by cutting herself out of the witch with a knife.
Get Tim Burton on the phone. I'm seeing Abigail Breslin as the young woman. Johnny Depp as a helpful frog who lives in the pond. And for the witch… who would be a good fit?
He's only married/partnered to her. I'm just sayin…..
maybe this helps guarantee a second season for Grimm.


American art copper shade 52inch ceiling fan lightstiffany, best choosing bar height dining table invisibleinkradio, sky room dining aboutus. Dining room wall decor with mirror dining room decor. Dark greens and gold dining room (dark greens and gold.


With the knowledge that sports performance is influenced as much by psychological as by physical factors, athletes at nearly all levels of competition engage in mental training. Sport psychology skills are used to address performance-related issues regarding preparation, motivation, thought patterns, focus and confidence. Psychological skill training can include formulating and executing strategies related to goal setting, relaxation, imagery and self-talk—all major components of mental acuity in sports. Sport psychology is instrumental in several aspects of performance, including recovery from injury, controlling stressful situations, pre-game routines and rituals, pre-game nerves and anxiety, dealing with losses, and managing success and fame. Learn about latest sport psychology strategies from the nation's top experts and elite athletes.


These works are 100% human, Nothing more technical than paper and a knife are used in their Creation. I have no idea how a piece will end once I've begun. I simply start at the centre and let the colours and natural forms that inspire me, create their own order.


The second hearing has been set by the Asm. Judiciary Committee for April 23rd at 8am, State Capital, Room 437. This is a second chance to make your voices heard. If missed the first hearing, now is the time to get involved. It's time for every notary in this state to step up and speak out! If you plan to attend, call a buddy and bring a friend. We need to appear in greater numbers and tell our law makers that we're not going to allow the NNA and Big Tech to put notaries and the California public at large directly into harms way.
If you can't make it to the hearing, please write to your state legislators, call and register your position with the Asm Judiciary Committee, reach out to other notaries and signing companies you work for and ask them to get involved. Perhaps donate a couple signature fees to the cause. Thank you for your support and participation, together we can preserve our role as notary public.
Just in case you missed it, you can watch the first hearing here. it starts at the 30 minute mark.


Thank you very much! The next opening will probably be around the end of March/beginning of April.
Please send me a note to claim a slot! Just forward the conversation we had including the quote and character ref to claim.
Happy 2017! Time for new plushies! I was supposed to have an exam on the 17th of January, but it got pushed back by a week, so instead, let's open commissions that day! Please get your quote in advance, it is much faster and easier to claim a slot that way If you are interested in getting a custom plushie made for you, please read the following information carefully.
There will be 5 slots, with a maximum of 2 plushies per slot.
Get your quote beforehand please. Just forward the quote I gave you and say you want to claim a slot!
I can put 3 people on a waiting list if they just missed out on a slot.
Be ready to pay at least half in the first week after claiming a slot. Doing so will confirm your commission.
Claiming can be done through Deviantart and Etsy. Same rules apply to both platforms.
If you have any questions please don't hesitate to ask c: The two people on the current waiting list will be contacted beforehand, but their commissions will not be placed on the 5 slots mentioned above, but are additional. I have also decided to raise my prices a bit to reflect my current skill and experience (which is over 6 years and 220 plushies by now!) c: To get an idea of what something may cost, multiply the size in cm by 7 (so a 20 cm plush starts at €140).
Faux fur comes in limited colours. I do not have unnatural fur colours except for light pink! If your character has unnatural colours as their main fur, chances are I won't be able to accept them, unless you want a smaller plush made of minky. I have minky in all sorts of colours.
At the moment I do not accept humanoid characters as I am not confident in my skill with them, yet. Anthro characters are fine if their anatomy is mostly animalistic.
I can do jointed plushies (think teddy bears).
I'm okay with doing fanart plush of Pokemon and Steven Universe (and possibly others), but not Disney.
Ohh, yes I hope for you!
What about the one i ordered last time? The one you said i ran out of time on requesting?
Could I get a quote for a minky plush of my fursona in feral form?
I also want to know shipping cost to the US.