In early April, just before Easter, Kaely Huck of Byrdstown, TN, danced in the "Reverent Hope" program at the Cookeville Performing Arts Center. It was a sold-out performance.
Kaely learns dance at The Centre School of Dance, a worship-oriented dance school. Her mother, Sherry, says she has been dancing for six years, and that it's just another aspect of her daughter's love for physicality. Kaely also likes to play soccer, ride horses, bikes, and her scooter.
There is also a significant social aspect in play. Kaely wants to teach, so The Centre made a position for her assistant teaching another student who has Down syndrome.
Even when there is not a seasonal program happening, Kaely dances at local churches and other events. DSAMT congratulates Kaely on her achievements in dance, and for being such a visible and beautiful example of what those of us with something extra are capable of!


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Councilmembers discuss management change at Fresno Convention Center, could shut Valley businesses out of venues
FRESNO, Calif. (KFSN) -- Councilmembers discussed a possible management change at the Fresno Convention Center which could leave Valley businesses shut out of the venues.
The change would affect everything from catering to flowers.
SMG has run the downtown convention center for 15 years now.
However, recently, an SMG general manager deemed ineffective by the city was let go.
The city council appeared ready to turn to an all-new management team.
SMG oversees the Fresno Convention Center, the Saroyan Theater and Selland Arena.
The city council was considering a management change from SMG to ASM Global, which manages both domestic and international venues.
The subject drew a testy exchange between Mayor Lee Brand and Councilmember Garry Bredefeld.
"Your solution at the end was let's get a new contract and let's get rid of all of our local people and they're going to save us money," said Bredefeld.
"We're not getting rid of our local people," said Brand.
"But you're trying to and it's not going to happen," Bredefeld said.
A budget analyst told the council the city could save about $500,000 if it went with catering services provided by ASM Global and dropped local caterer Pardini's, which has 400 employees.
"There was a very big time consideration and a misunderstanding of facts when we were called in and basically fired," said Jim Pardini of Jim Pardini's Catering.
City Hall was packed with local vendors and employees worried about their jobs in the middle of the holiday season.
The Central California Women's Conference says their costs would soar if a management change is made.
"If we did not use the ASM preferred vendors, we were advised it would be a tax, penalty, a surcharge of 20-30% that the non-preferred vendor would have to pay," said Victoria Bernhardt of Central California Women's Conference
"I'll be the first one to say I want to keep business local, but we also have to balance the books at the end of the day," said Fresno City Councilmember Miguel Arias.
Ultimately, the council voted 6-1 to extend the current contract for six months under SMG while continuing negotiations with ASM Global.
The vote to extend the current contract drew applause from the local vendors and workers who didn't want to see an abrupt change. Although, some very difficult decisions still need to be made by the council down the line.
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The Sentencing of Justin Goldsby
editor September 3, 2022 4 min read
After pleading guilty to second-degree murder, Justin Goldsby was sentenced to over 25 years in prison. In court, he explained that his drug-addicted mother abused him. Nevertheless, his family maintains that he is innocent. In this article, we explore Goldsby's life, his family, and his criminal record.
Three Years of Parole
After serving nearly 25 years for murdering Munger, Shane Goldsby was sentenced to more than two decades in prison. He will also serve three years of parole and must pay restitution to the Munger family. The exact amount of restitution will be determined in court. The sentence is lower than what Goldsby could have received if he were tried for the murder. It was less than 33 years, which the prosecution and defense recommended in a plea agreement. They sought to ensure that Munger's wife would not live to see Goldsby finish his sentence.
Goldsby's Lawyer
Goldsby's lawyer read an apology to the court and said that his client had been abused as a child. He had spent time in ten different foster homes before child services rescued him. Goldsby was eventually reunited with his biological mother, who had a history of drug addiction. However, Goldsby resorted to drug use after he grew up.
Justin Goldsby pleaded guilty to the murder of his younger sister and apologized to the victim's family and the court. His mother, a drug addict, had abused him as a child, and he was placed in 10 different foster homes before being adopted. After his adoption, he reunited with his mother, but the two began using drugs again. When police caught up to their car, Goldsby tried to read his prepared statement but he was overwhelmed with emotion. His attorney finished the statement for him.
Goldsby's conviction is the result of an investigation into the relationship between Goldsby and his sister. His sister and Goldsby had been in contact for several years before the killing occurred, and they had been in contact with one another. Nevertheless, Goldsby had a history of violence. He had once stolen a state trooper's car, injuring the officer during a chase.
According to the court records, Goldsby and Munger shared a cell in Airway Heights Correctional Center in Washington state. During their time in jail, the two had more than 20 fights. The two were not previously known to be cellmates. However, when they shared a cell at the same facility, Goldsby allegedly attacked Munger from behind, slamming her in the face. He also stomped on her head four times.
After pleading guilty to murdering his cellmate Justin Golddby, Avis Goldsby has been sentenced to over 25 years in prison. He will also serve three years of parole. He must also pay restitution to Munger's family. The exact amount of restitution will be determined later. Goldsby had been facing a sentence of 33 years, but his sentence was reduced to avoid a potential family breakup.
Justin Goldsby sentencing hearing included a speech by Goldsby's lawyer. Goldsby explained that he had spent much of his childhood in foster care after his mother's drug habit forced him to move to 10 foster homes. He eventually reunited with his mother, and began using drugs.
Goldsby has been in prison for over three years. He was originally sentenced to 33 years, but he later plead guilty to second-degree murder. Goldsby apologized to the Munger family, and said that he regretted his actions. However, the family of Munger remains in the dark about the motive behind the murder. Goldsby will have to pay restitution to the Munger family upon his release.
Goldsby's Family
While Justin Goldsby's family maintains his innocence, the Washington State Patrol has determined that he may have been involved in the crimes. Goldsby's mother was a drug addict and Goldsby was often in and out of foster care. He was convicted of raping a boy and stabbing another one at a young age. During his time in prison, he reconnected with his mother and apologized to the families of the victims.
Goldsby was raised by a drug-addicted mother, and he went through as many as 10 foster homes. His mother relapsed into drug addiction once he was in jail, so Goldsby was transferred to an airway heights prison.
Goldsby's criminal record is extensive. He met Munger while in prison, and the two were cellmates. The two assaulted Munger 14 times. They then beat her unconscious. When Goldsby was arrested for the murder, his sister confronted him at prison. The victim later died as a result of her injuries.
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Lorna Landvik on returning to Patty Jane's world
Posted on March 31, 2017 by uminnpress
BY LORNA LANDVIK
One of my first editors was a woman named Leona Never, who while reading through slush pile submissions back in the '50s came across a manuscript she insisted her boss not only read, but publish, pronto. It was Peyton Place.
Leona was old-school and managed to rise up in the sexist women-are-secretaries-men-are-bosses era to become a real force in the publishing world. I met her in 1996, when Ballantine was publishing the paperback of Patty Jane's House of Curl. She had a whispery voice and in the years we worked together, she'd tell me, "You write a different book every time." I took it as a compliment—I think she meant it as a compliment. While I think I have a certain voice, I never wanted to tell the same story over and over.
By the time I write The End, it usually is. I've resolved problems, tied up loose ends, and humbly thanked my characters for coming into my head and letting me tell their story. I feel both a sense of relief (whew—I did it!) and a zip of excitement, because finishing one novel means I can begin another, with a cast of characters (usually two or three) who've shown up and are impatiently chewing gum and practicing swings in my mental batter's box, waiting for their turn to be called up and play.
And yet . . . I am surprised by random whispers I hear from characters in my past books. A song can come on the car radio and it reminds me of Slip; the looming height of a spruce tree can make me think of Fenny; a particularly starry night brings Fletcher to mind.
Throughout the years, characters in Patty Jane's House of Curl would pop up in my head (and for a while I'd almost expect to see the fictitious beauty salon on the real street I set it on!), but several years ago, the occasional whispers grew into a yammering—that is, the characters yammering "We want more of our story told!"
And so, I dove back into their world to find out what's what and who's who and who's doing what to whom. And why. And where. And how.
It was so fun. I knew fairly quickly the big life-changing event that Nora was going to experience, but I didn't know I'd go to 1920s Norway to learn more about Ione. New characters appeared, demanding to be woven into the story, some playing big parts, some happy with walk-ons.
Welcome to the Once in a Blue Moon Lodge. I hope you enjoy reading it as much as I enjoyed writing it.
A launch event is scheduled for 7 p.m. on Tuesday, April 18, in Excelsior, Minnesota (hosted by Excelsior Bay Books). Register here.
Lorna Landvik is the author of eleven novels including the best-selling Patty Jane's House of Curl, Angry Housewives Eating BonBons, Oh My Stars, Best to Laugh (Minnesota, 2014), and coming in April, Once in a Blue Moon Lodge. She has performed stand-up and improvisational comedy around the country and is also a public speaker, playwright, and actor who gets much pleasure from mixing up margaritas on stage in her one-woman all-improvised show, Party in the Rec Room.
"At long last! Patty Jane and her irresistible band of big-hearted merry-makers return to us. Lorna Landvik's humor is wrapped around a core of love, common sense, and good cooking. Pull up an easy chair, pour a glass of wine, and enjoy this grand family reunion."
—Faith Sullivan, author of Good Night, Mr. Wodehouse
"Lorna Landvik creates characters and places so warm and real that reading Once in a Blue Moon Lodge feels like coming home (if you're lucky enough to be surrounded by people and places as weird and wonderful as Lorna's—I think I am)."
—Nora McInerny, author of It's Okay to Laugh (Crying Is Cool Too)
"There is a charm and warmth to this hopeful tale in which love is the glue that holds people together. Landvik's love for her characters is evident."
Posted in UncategorizedTagged Author features, Literature: Fiction, Lorna Landvik, National trade books, Regional books
"I was going to be one of *those* teachers: the natural and inspiring who wore stylish sport coats, whose classroom was a sacred space of literature, of rebellion, of learning. But nobody told me how hard it was going to be."
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Obtained when experiments were repeated (data not shown). WT and TLR
Post date July 12, 2017 Post last updated dateUpdated July 12, 2017 Post read time4 min read Post author
Home	> Uncategorized > Obtained when experiments were repeated (data not shown). WT and TLR
Obtained when experiments were repeated (data not shown). WT and TLR22/2 mice infected with either strain had similar levels of bacteremia (Fig. 2). Interestingly, mean levels of 104 CFU/mL were uniformly observed 6 days p.i. for both strains in WT and TLR22/2 mice, without the presence of clinical signs.Expression of several mouse genes after S. suis infection by the ST1 strain, but not by the ST7 strain, partially depends on TLRTo investigate survival 57773-63-4 differences observed between WT and TLR22/2 mice infected with the ST1 strain but not between mouse counterparts infected with the ST7 strain, a whole genome microarray study was undertaken. As shown in Table S1, several genes were upregulated in WT and TLR22/2 mice at 6 h p.i. by both strains when compared to mock-infected mice. Several ofFigure 1. Absence of TLR2 increases survival following infection with S. suis highly virulent strain ST1 but not with the epidemic strain ST7. Survival of 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice (n = 13 mice per infection group) or TLR22/2 mice (n = 14 mice per infection group) inoculated by intraperitoneal injection with 16107 CFU of either P1/7 strain (ST1; panel A) or SC84 strain (ST7; panel B) was monitored for 72 h. * P,0.01, indicates statistically significant differences between infected WT and TLR22/2 mouse groups, as determined by Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065031.gTLR2-Independent Activation by S. suisFigure 2. Blood bacteremia of S. suis highly virulent strain ST1 and epidemic strain ST7 is similar in C57BL/6 and TLR22/2 mice. C57BL/6 mice (n = 13 mice per group) or TLR22/2 mice (n = 14 mice per group) were inoculated by intraperitoneal injection with 16107 CFU of either S. suis strain P1/7 (ST1) or SC84 (ST7). At 6 h (panel A), day 1 (panel B), day 3 (panel C), and day 6 (panel D) post-infection, 5 ml of blood was harvested from the tail of infected mice and proper dilutions were plated on blood agar plate to assess blood bacteremia. Data of individuals are presented order 58-49-1 including geometric mean with 95 confidence interval. No significant differences (P.0.05) between infected TLR22/2 mice and their WT counterpart were observed as determined by ANOVA. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065031.gthese genes were related to proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and signaling pathways. Interestingly, this induction was generally lower in TLR22/2 infected mice, particularly in mice infected with the ST1 strain. Many proinflammatory chemokines (such as CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CCL11, CXCL1, and CXCL2) were up-regulated to a lower level in TLR22/2 mice infected with the ST1 strain than in WT counterparts. In contrast, no significant differences in the level of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CCL11, CXCL1, and CXCL2 were observed between TLR22/2 and WT mice infected with ST7 strain. Surprisingly, no significant differences in the up-regulation levels of IL-6 and TNF, two important cytokines involved in sepsis, were observed by microarray between TLR22/2 and WT mice infected with either of the strains (Table S1). Reduction in the expression levels of several proinflammatory genes in ST1-infected TLR22/2 mice compared to WT counterparts, but not in those infected with the ST7 strain, wasconfirmed by qRT-PCR. A significant reduction in the levels of CCL3, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2 gene expression in TLR22/2 mice infected with the highly virulent ST1 strain compared to WT infected mice was observed (Fig. 3A ). Different from the results obtained by microarra.Obtained when experiments were repeated (data not shown). WT and TLR22/2 mice infected with either strain had similar levels of bacteremia (Fig. 2). Interestingly, mean levels of 104 CFU/mL were uniformly observed 6 days p.i. for both strains in WT and TLR22/2 mice, without the presence of clinical signs.Expression of several mouse genes after S. suis infection by the ST1 strain, but not by the ST7 strain, partially depends on TLRTo investigate survival differences observed between WT and TLR22/2 mice infected with the ST1 strain but not between mouse counterparts infected with the ST7 strain, a whole genome microarray study was undertaken. As shown in Table S1, several genes were upregulated in WT and TLR22/2 mice at 6 h p.i. by both strains when compared to mock-infected mice. Several ofFigure 1. Absence of TLR2 increases survival following infection with S. suis highly virulent strain ST1 but not with the epidemic strain ST7. Survival of 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice (n = 13 mice per infection group) or TLR22/2 mice (n = 14 mice per infection group) inoculated by intraperitoneal injection with 16107 CFU of either P1/7 strain (ST1; panel A) or SC84 strain (ST7; panel B) was monitored for 72 h. * P,0.01, indicates statistically significant differences between infected WT and TLR22/2 mouse groups, as determined by Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065031.gTLR2-Independent Activation by S. suisFigure 2. Blood bacteremia of S. suis highly virulent strain ST1 and epidemic strain ST7 is similar in C57BL/6 and TLR22/2 mice. C57BL/6 mice (n = 13 mice per group) or TLR22/2 mice (n = 14 mice per group) were inoculated by intraperitoneal injection with 16107 CFU of either S. suis strain P1/7 (ST1) or SC84 (ST7). At 6 h (panel A), day 1 (panel B), day 3 (panel C), and day 6 (panel D) post-infection, 5 ml of blood was harvested from the tail of infected mice and proper dilutions were plated on blood agar plate to assess blood bacteremia. Data of individuals are presented including geometric mean with 95 confidence interval. No significant differences (P.0.05) between infected TLR22/2 mice and their WT counterpart were observed as determined by ANOVA. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065031.gthese genes were related to proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and signaling pathways. Interestingly, this induction was generally lower in TLR22/2 infected mice, particularly in mice infected with the ST1 strain. Many proinflammatory chemokines (such as CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CCL11, CXCL1, and CXCL2) were up-regulated to a lower level in TLR22/2 mice infected with the ST1 strain than in WT counterparts. In contrast, no significant differences in the level of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CCL11, CXCL1, and CXCL2 were observed between TLR22/2 and WT mice infected with ST7 strain. Surprisingly, no significant differences in the up-regulation levels of IL-6 and TNF, two important cytokines involved in sepsis, were observed by microarray between TLR22/2 and WT mice infected with either of the strains (Table S1). Reduction in the expression levels of several proinflammatory genes in ST1-infected TLR22/2 mice compared to WT counterparts, but not in those infected with the ST7 strain, wasconfirmed by qRT-PCR. A significant reduction in the levels of CCL3, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2 gene expression in TLR22/2 mice infected with the highly virulent ST1 strain compared to WT infected mice was observed (Fig. 3A ). Different from the results obtained by microarra.
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Er 40X and 60X magnification. Statistical Analysis. Significance was determined at >
Obtained when experiments were repeated (data not shown). WT and TLR22/2 mice infected with either


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Verses 1-6: Those whom God pardons, must be made to know what their sin deserved. "Let them go forward as they are;" this was very expressive of God's displeasure. Though he promises to make good his covenant with Abraham, in giving them Canaan, yet he denies them the tokens of his presence they had been blessed with. The people mourned for their sin. Of all the bitter fruits and consequences of sin, true penitents most lament, and dread most, God's departure from them. Canaan itself would be no pleasant land without the Lord's presence. Those who parted with ornaments to maintain sin, could do no less than lay aside ornaments, in token of sorrow and shame for it.
Verses 7-11: Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the camp. This seems to have been a temporary building, set up for worship, and at which he judged disputes among the people. The people looked after him; they were very desirous to be at peace with God, and concerned to know what would come to pass. The cloudy pillar which had withdrawn from the camp when it was polluted with idolatry, now returned. If our hearts go forth toward God to meet him, he will graciously come to meet us.
Verses 12-23: Moses is very earnest with God. Thus, by the intercession of Christ, we are not only saved from ruin, but become entitled to everlasting happiness. Observe here how he pleads. We find grace in God's sight, if we find grace in our hearts to guide and quicken us in the way of our duty. Moses speaks as one who dreaded the thought of going forward without the Lord's presence. God's gracious promises, and mercy towards us, should not only encourage our faith, but also excite our fervency in prayer. Observe how he speeds. See, in a type, Christ's intercession, which he ever lives to make for all that come to God by him; and that it is not by any thing in those for whom he intercedes. Moses then entreats a sight of God's glory, and is heard in that also. A full discovery of the glory of God, would overwhelm even Moses himself. Man is mean, and unworthy of it; weak, and could not bear it; guilty, and could not but dread it. The merciful display which is made in Christ Jesus, alone can be borne by us. The Lord granted that which would abundantly satisfy. God's goodness is his glory; and he will have us to know him by the glory of his mercy, more than by the glory of his majesty. Upon the rock there was a fit place for Moses to view the goodness and glory of God. The rock in Horeb was typical of Christ the Rock; the Rock of refuge, salvation, and strength. Happy are they who stand upon this Rock. The cleft may be an emblem of Christ, as smitten, crucified, wounded, and slain. What follows, denotes the imperfect knowledge of God in the present state, even as revealed in Christ; for this, when compared with the heavenly sight of him. is but like seeing a man that is gone by, whose back only is to be seen. God in Christ, as he is, even the fullest and brightest displays of his glory, grace, and goodness, are reserved to another state.
Each day we walk through the Bible chapter by chapter making an application of our text to help us grow in the Lord. Many applications can be made from each day's text. Today we Continue in the book of Exodus with Chapter 33 and in today's text we see more of the heart of Moses and the heart of a Man commissioned of God to lead a group of people. As we see Israel be impatient and stray from God we see Moses rebuke, and discipline the children of God. Then see him plead and instruct Israel to repent and worship. As a leader we see Moses' heart and love for God has grown as he now has a relationship with God. The more of the Lord that Moses experiences the more He wants to see His face. Moses found grace in the eyes of the Lord as he served and sought the Lord and as a result - the presence of the Lord went with Him. In making application we see the more we seek Gods face and obey in service and obedience the more we will experience the presence of the Lord. How about you? Do you seek and serve the Lord? Let us learn from the life of Moses to see that if we seek the Lord, we will experience the Presence of the Lord.
3Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the way.
4And when the people heard these evil tidings, they mourned: and no man did put on him his ornaments.
5For the LORD had said unto Moses, Say unto the children of Israel, Ye are a stiffnecked people: I will come up into the midst of thee in a moment, and consume thee: therefore now put off thy ornaments from thee, that I may know what to do unto thee.
6And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments by the mount Horeb.
7And Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the camp, afar off from the camp, and called it the Tabernacle of the congregation. And it came to pass, that every one which sought the LORD went out unto the tabernacle of the congregation, which was without the camp.
8And it came to pass, when Moses went out unto the tabernacle, that all the people rose up, and stood every man at his tent door, and looked after Moses, until he was gone into the tabernacle.
9And it came to pass, as Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy pillar descended, and stood at the door of the tabernacle, and the Lord talked with Moses.
10And all the people saw the cloudy pillar stand at the tabernacle door: and all the people rose up and worshipped, every man in his tent door.
11And the LORD spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend. And he turned again into the camp: but his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, departed not out of the tabernacle.
12And Moses said unto the LORD, See, thou sayest unto me, Bring up this people: and thou hast not let me know whom thou wilt send with me. Yet thou hast said, I know thee by name, and thou hast also found grace in my sight.
13Now therefore, I pray thee, if I have found grace in thy sight, shew me now thy way, that I may know thee, that I may find grace in thy sight: and consider that this nation is thy people.
14And he said, My presence shall go with thee, and I will give thee rest.
15And he said unto him, If thy presence go not with me, carry us not up hence.
16For wherein shall it be known here that I and thy people have found grace in thy sight? is it not in that thou goest with us? so shall we be separated, I and thy people, from all the people that are upon the face of the earth.
17And the LORD said unto Moses, I will do this thing also that thou hast spoken: for thou hast found grace in my sight, and I know thee by name.
18And he said, I beseech thee, shew me thy glory.
19And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before thee; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will shew mercy on whom I will shew mercy.
20And he said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live.
23And I will take away mine hand, and thou shalt see my back parts: but my face shall not be seen.


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Does the Dmanisi Discovery Demonstrate We Are All One Family?
by Dr. Elizabeth Mitchell on November 6, 2013
There is definitely evidence of human occupation at Dmanisi. But whether all the skulls from Dmanisi are human is uncertain at this point. While there could be ape bones in the mix, these could also be humans suffering skeletal malformations and growth disorders due to pathological conditions stemming from disease or deprivation.
Does the curious mosaic cobbled from the Dmanisi dig described in ScienceDaily demonstrate we are all one family? The latest skull to emerge from the Dmanisi, Georgia, dig site excavated by paleoanthropologist David Lordkipanidze looks like it has parts that don't even go together. Assembled from a small cranium and a large jawbone, "Skull 5" features a mosaic of traits that evolutionary anthropologists ordinarily assign to several different early human species. Lordkipanidze's interpretation of the Dmanisi fossil collection demands that all evolving Homo from one to two million years ago be lumped into one species. That controversial position is dividing evolutionists into "lumpers" and "splitters" and, according to George Washington University paleoanthropologist Bernard Wood, threatens to "bring the whole . . . house down."1
The Dmanisi excavation of geological layers associated with the Ice Age has produced an assortment of skulls with an odd mosaic of features typically assigned by evolutionary paleoanthropologists to different species of early humans. Image by Ann Gibbons, via Science.2
Did Skull 5 at Dmanisi belong to a human or an ape? An unusual human variation or a person suffering from disease, deficiency, or deformity? While some questions remain unanswered, only an evolutionary worldview determined to see the transitions in humanity's supposed evolutionary origins puzzles over where to place it in the evolutionary story. Image by Georgian National Museum, via National Geographoic.3
Could these microcephalic skulls—a human with a 426 cubic centimeter cranial capacity recovered from the Indonesian island of Flores (left), and a sketch of a cretin reported by Dolega in 1891 (right)—hold the key to correctly understanding the identity of the population at Dmanisi? The 1891 specimen suffers from considerably more deformity, including a mismatch between an extremely small cranium and a face with fairly large orbits and cheekbones, evolutionary anthropologist Charles Oxnard points out, but he says, "comparison of any two cretins also shows such differences."4 So-called primitive hominid features, which may vary between individuals, may thus be nothing more than manifestations of severe disease due to a genetic problem in an isolated population or to severe iodine deficiency. Image by Charles Oxnard, via World Scientific Publishing Company.5
Mystery in the Caucasus
Lordkipanidze, now director of the Georgian National Museum, began to unearth skulls, miscellaneous human and animal bones, and simple Oldowan tools from Dmanisi in 1991. Lordkipanidze's team suspects, based on bite marks and the way the bones are scattered, that the fossilized inhabitants of the Dmanisi Ice Age dig site were dragged into a carnivorous beast's den and that the cave eventually collapsed, resulting in their excellent preservation.
Since their discovery anthropologists have puzzled over just which early Homo species the Dmanisi skulls represented. The first four skulls discovered at Dmanisi differed in their features and had relatively small cranial capacities ranging from 601 to 730 cubic centimeters.6 No Homo fossils then known had a cranial capacity so small, as initial Dmanisi discoveries predated discovery of the remarkably small human fossils in an Indonesian cave on the island of Flores. Originally named Homo georgicus and thought by some to bear a strong resemblance to Homo habilis, the disparate Dmanisi mix were later reclassified as variants of Homo erectus despite their small brain size. Now Skull 5, with an even smaller cranial capacity (only 546 cubic centimeters), a large jaw, and an assortment of traits considered typical of other primitive Homo species, has really confused the evolutionary picture.
Skull 5 was cobbled together from a jawbone and cranium found 5 years apart at a horizontal distance of 190 centimeters (about 75 inches) and a vertical distance of 25 centimeters (about 10 inches) from each other.7 A scattering of other bones—a humerus, clavicle, scapula, femur, tibia, and patella—were thought to probably belong to the same individual because they were found in the same region of the dig site and because arthritic changes in the knee and jaw made Skull 5 the most likely match for those particular limb bones.8 Lordkipanidze's team thinks the two are the most likely of the bones found in the site to belong together.9 The miscellaneous mix contains no skeleton that could be definitely linked to the skulls, but it seems possible to group the bones and skulls discovered thus far as parts of "an elderly toothless male, two mature males, a young female, and an adolescent of unknown sex."10
The five skulls found at Dmanisi do not seem to go together, having cranial capacities varying from 546 to 730 cubic centimeters and a constellation of features evolutionists typically assign to three different species of early Homo—Homo erectus, Homo habilis, and Homo rudolfensis—with the fifth skull combining the characteristics of all.They may well represent members of a post-Flood, post-Babel population suffering from disease and deprivation. Image by C. Zollikofer and M. S. Ponce de Leon / Univ. of Zurich, via NBC News.11
"Had the braincase and the face of the Dmanisi sample [Skull 5] been found as separate fossils, they very probably would have been attributed to two different species," says University of Zurich team member Christoph Zollikofer. The Dmanisi team maintains that the tiny cranium of Skull 5—now "reunited" with a large jaw, presumably its own—and a hodgepodge of scattered human limb bones that seem to have belonged to a short person with arthritis "provides the first evidence that early Homo comprised adult individuals with small brains but body mass, stature and limb proportions reaching the lower range limit of modern variation."12 The team attributes many of the more dramatic differences in the jaw structures of the five individuals to the impact of wear and tear on jaw morphology.13 Zollikofer says, "Together, our analyses suggest that Skull 5 and the other four early Homo [human] individuals from Dmanisi represent the full range of variation within a single species."14
Rocking the African Cradle
Dmanisi is located in the Caucasus Mountains, far from the traditional "out-of-Africa" cradle of humanity embraced by most evolutionists. Stratigraphically, however, the excavation there involves the same geological layers in which African hominid fossils supposed to be 1.8 million years old have been found.15 Lordkipanidze and colleagues maintain that the incredible degree of variation among the five skulls in their Dmanisi collection demonstrates that all the evolutionary experiments nature was conducting at that time—such as Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo ergaster, and Homo rudolfensis—involved variations within one human species that evolved and was spreading out from Africa.
"Since we see a similar pattern and range of variation in the African fossil record, it is sensible to assume that there was a single Homo species at that time in Africa. And since the Dmanisi hominids are so similar to the African ones, we further assume that they both represent the same species,"16 explains Zollikofer. In the modern world, "We now have one global human species. What we can infer from our study at Dmanisi," he says, "is that at 1.8 million years ago, there was another single global human species."17
"Most of these [African] fossils represent single fragmentary finds from multiple points in space and geological time of at least 500,000 years," Zollikofer says. "This ultimately makes it difficult to recognize variation among species in the African fossils as opposed to variation within species. His colleague Marcia Ponce de León indicates that fragmentary fossils, each revealing a few isolated traits, have led to an inflation of the number of Homo species in the evolutionary story. She says, "At present there are as many subdivisions between species as there are researchers examining this problem."
Bringing Down the House
The essential question the Dmanisi collection raises among evolutionary paleoanthropologists is whether early Homo evolved once and developed variations mistakenly designated as many separate species or evolved in several different forms. Christopher Stringer of London's Natural History Museum says, "I think they will be proved right that some of those early African fossils can reasonably join a variable Homo erectus species. But Africa is a huge continent with a deep record of the earliest stages of human evolution, and there certainly seems to have been species-level diversity there prior to 2 million years ago, so I still doubt that all of the 'early Homo' fossils can reasonably be lumped into an evolving Homo erectus lineage. We need similarly complete African fossils from 2 million to 2.5 million years ago to test that idea properly."18
Fred Spoor of University College London believes the currently accepted multi-species split in the Homo fossil interpretation should stand. He says Lordkipanidze's team failed to focus on all the details by which evolutionary paleoanthropologists define different species, such as the size of the skull openings for blood vessels. He says, "They do a very general shape analysis of the cranium which describes the shape of the face and braincase in broad sweeping terms. The problem is that those Homo species are not defined using such a broad overview of what their general cranial shape is."19 Confirming Skull 5's mosaic character, Spoor adds, "If I would take a saw and cut off the face and show the braincase to a colleague, I'm pretty sure that person would say, 'That's Homo erectus.'"20 According to National Geographic's analysis, the Dmanisi "grab bag" of features—which Spoor describes as "an interesting combination of a primitive face, primitive teeth, primitive size of the brain"—shows "evolution in action."21
Biblical Lumping
Regardless of the different names anthropologists attach to them, the variations that developed among post-Flood, post-Babel humans were also fully human.
Lest any of our Bible-believing creationist readers be tempted to think evolutionists ought to recognize proof of Adam and Eve in the Dmanisi discoveries, let us hasten to point out that these researchers are not suggesting that humans can trace their lineage to one man and one woman. Due to their worldview, they would never admit of that possibility even if their research did demonstrate such a thing. They are as committed to the presupposition that human life evolved through random natural processes from molecules to man as we are to the presupposition that God our Creator told us the truth about our origin in His Word. Furthermore, while these researchers are scrambling the evolutionary story they don't claim to have it all sorted out. They say that they are not even suggesting that modern humans or Neanderthals can be traced back to these particular Dmanisi varieties of Homo. Zollikofer clarifies, "We only refer to the time between 2 million and 1.8 million years ago. We are not compulsive lumpers."22
To be biblically correct, Christians however must be "compulsive lumpers" but not in the way Zollikofer describes. According to God's eyewitness account, He created exactly one man Adam and one woman, whom Adam named Eve. He did this about 6,000 years ago, and all people who have ever lived have descended from those two people. Thus all genuine Homo really are all of one lineage, are all fully human, and can rightly be considered Homo sapiens despite any variations that have developed in the human population in the past 6,000 years. We would not, among modern humans, think of suggesting that two people with vast differences in physical attributes belonged to different species evolving along different paths, and indeed such claims have in the past two centuries been used to "scientifically" support racism. To break up the history of humanity into multiple lineages not descended from Adam and Eve is to deny God's Word and call our Creator a liar. In fact, Jesus Christ entered into our humanity within that lineage and shed His blood on the Cross to make salvation available for all people descended from Adam ( 1 Corinthians 15:45; Romans 5:12–17 ).
With stone tools and some clearly human bones, there is evidence of human presence in ancient Dmanisi. Based on biblical history we know that whoever (and whatever) lived there and left their mortal remains in that cave did so in the years after the global Flood. The people in the area had to be descendants of Noah's family who ultimately dispersed from the Tower of Babel. The people whose languages God confused at the Tower of Babel and who subsequently spread out to populate the world were, like Adam and Noah, fully human. And regardless of the different names anthropologists attach to them, the variations that developed among post-Flood, post-Babel humans were also fully human.
Biblical Splitting
At the same time, in evaluating the current claims, we should keep in mind that not "everyone" called a Homo necessarily is. There are apes, and there are humans; biology has never demonstrated any evolutionary transitions, and such evolutionary claims are completely incompatible with God's eyewitness account of our origins. But distinguishing exactly who or what a fragmentary fossil or collection of fossil fragments represents has resulted in several Homo designations that likely have nothing to do with real human history.
Biblical creationists sometimes have discussions about whether various fossil specimens are rightly considered human or ape. This primarily has occurred with very fragmentary fossils having few representatives in the fossil record and with fossil fragments that are likely lumped into mixed-species groups. Homo habilis, for instance, is a poorly defined collection of human and ape fragments. Two decades after the first H. habilis was discovered, the first example with the skull and body both present was found. That H. habilis was only an australopithecine ape. In the case of H. rudolfensis, there is even less fossil evidence. The prime specimen of H. rudolfensis consists of a toothless skull with many gaps that can be assembled to appear human or ape-like. Its body size is difficult to estimate, since there is no body to measure. In other words, there are not enough pieces to draw valid conclusions. Thus the effort to group the far more complete Dmanisi fossilized skulls and miscellaneous bones in with other alleged early Homo frankly confuses the picture even more, since at least some of "the perplexing patchwork of Homo fossils found in Africa"23 probably shouldn't even be on the table.
So Who or What Is It?
Thus, while there is definitely a human presence evident at Dmanisi, whether all the fossil material assigned to Homo really should be is difficult to say. Though much is being made of the idea that Skull 5 is an early human of some sort with a mosaic of primitive features—an early Homo whomever—we should at least consider that, perhaps, this collection of fragmentary elements from early Ice Age ("early Pleistocene") sediment be leftovers from some carnivorous animal's garbage heap or debris washed into a cave from a mixture of sources.
Commenting on the discovery, Answers in Genesis anatomist Dr. David Menton, retired from the Washington University School of Medicine, emphasizes that the researchers themselves noted that the jut of the jaw, slope of the face, and the smallness of the braincase was over the top for any sort of ancient human. Without a definitive connection to an unequivocal human skeleton, or even an unequivocal connection between its own parts, the identity of Skull 5 remains up for debate.
People of Very Little Brain
Skull 5's endocranial volume is only 546 cubic centimeters. Cranial capacity among normal humans does vary widely, with 1350 cc being the modern average, Cro-Magnon brain size being about 1600 cc, and Homo erectus being substantially smaller than that of modern humans. The low end of normal human brain capacity in modern times is represented by a mentally normal 19th century Pennsylvania Railway watchman named Daniel Lyon; the cranial capacity of this adult, measured at autopsy, was only 624 cc. Daniel Lyon could read and write and according to railway officials "there was nothing defective or peculiar about him, either mentally or physically."24 Looking to the past, Turkana boy, an early human fossilized skeleton and skull, considered to be Homo erectus or Homo ergaster, had a cranial capacity of only 880 cc and the cranial capacity of KNM-1470 (which may be Homo erectus) is about 700 cc. In fact, though we have no people considered to be Homo erectus or Homo neanderthalensis around today, in modern people the normal variations in brain size are unrelated to intelligence. Nevertheless, the 546 cc cranial capacity in Skull 5 is, Dr. Menton points out, simply too low to be considered a normal example of Homo.
Many other features of the Skull 5 cranial/jaw combo also fail to meet normal Homo expectations. The face seems too sloped, the jaw juts too much, the nasal bones are too flat, the mandible is too big, the zygomatic arch—which makes room for powerful jaw muscles—is too capacious to be plausibly classified as a normal Homo erectus, AiG's Dr. Menton explains. Thus, while this group of researchers is straining to impute all these characteristics to the variety of human commonly called Homo erectus, it is at least possible that Skull 5's so-called "mosaicism" results from its mis-identification as Homo in the first place.
There is yet, however, another possibility—though it has nothing to do with human evolution! In trying to explain how at least some humans at Dmanisi had unusually small heads, we naturally think of Homo floresiensis, the human fossils colloquially known as "hobbits" found in Liang Bua cave on the Indonesian island of Flores. Because the cranial capacity measured from Homo floresiensis is only 426 cubic centimeters, both creationists and evolutionists have puzzled over how these people came to be so small. Suggestions have included severe congenital hypothyroidism (which untreated is also called cretinism), growth hormone disorders, and insular dwarfism.
Anthropologist Charles Oxnard, after surveying the skeletons of people who suffered from various forms of severe microcephaly, including iodine-deficiency–related cretinism, has made a strong though controversial case that the "hobbits" of Flores suffered from cretinism. He notes that this disorder can produce distortions in growth that evolutionary anthropologists typically consider to be primitive features found in early hominids.25 Furthermore, anthropologist Karen Baab recently noted that the Flores hominid bears a strong resemblance to the Dmanisi Homo erectus known as D2700.26 And while Oxnard's cretinism theory remains controversial, his report of one microcephalic cretin's skull—based on a 1891 sketch—with a jaw unusually large for the cranium27 certainly has a familiar ring when compared to the description of Skull 5's seemingly mismatched parts. Even the usual degree of prognathism (jaw jutting) may be nothing more than a manifestation of severe hypothyroidism.28 Thus features considered "primitive" examples of "evolution in action" may well be explained as nothing more than pathological changes suffered by some isolated groups of people in the harsh post-Babel world.
Concluding Questions and Guiding Principles
Dr. David Menton, commenting on the difficulty in sorting through the data coming out of Dmanisi, says:
Ordinarily it should be simple enough to tell if a skull belonged to a human or an ape. However, this can be difficult with sparse, fragmentary specimens as we have seen before with Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis. Furthermore, pathological changes due to disease, deformities, and prolonged deprivation can make this process difficult and present a confusing picture such as we are probably seeing at Dmanisi. I believe that some of the fossils (including limb bones) from Dmanisi are human. Whether all are, I cannot at this time say.
No doubt discussions will continue in the evolutionary community about what the Dmanisi collection means for the human evolutionary story. But frankly that entire discussion springs from the presupposition—unsupported in experimental biology—that humans somehow evolved from ape-like ancestors, whether one or many. And though we are certainly curious about the identity of the fossils at Dmanisi and what deformity or disease may have afflicted them, we do not need that information to know that all humans past and present descended from Adam and Eve without any detours through ape-like evolutionary ancestors.
"The Search for the Historical Adam" and Population Genomics
Were Cavemen Real?
Did Humans Really Evolve from Apelike Creatures?
Was the Tower of Babel Dispersion a Real Event?
Out of Asia
Enigmatic Skull Confirmed to Have Flat Face
Cooking: The World's Oldest Profession
Brainfood: Cooking
Baraminological Analysis Places Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, and Australopithecus sediba in the Human Holobaramin: Discussion
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Brian Switek, "Beautiful Skull Spurs Debate on Human History," National Geographic, October 19, 2013, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/10/131017-skull-human-origins-dmanisi-georgia-erectus/.
Ann Gibbons, "Stunning Skull Gives a Fresh Portrait of Early Humans," Science 342, no. 6156 (October 18, 2013): 297–298, doi:10.1126/science.342.6156.297.
Switek, "Beautiful Skull Spurs Debate on Human History."
Charles Oxnard, "Homo floresiensis: A Very Cold Case" in his lecture series published as Ghostly Muscles, Wrinkled Brains, Heresies and Hobbits in 2008 by World Scientific Publishing Company, 320.
Ibid., 321.
D. Lordkipanidze et al., "A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo," Science 342 (18 October 2012): 326–331, doi:10.1126/science.1238484.
From the Supplementary Text S1 accompanying Lordkipanidze et al., "A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo."
Gibbons, "Stunning Skull Gives a Fresh Portrait of Early Humans."
Alan Boyle, "Did the Human Family Tree Just Get Simpler? Skull Stirs up Debate", NBC News, October 17, 2013, http://www.nbcnews.com/science/did-human-family-tree-just-get-simpler-skull-stirs-debate-8C11413284.
John Noble Wilford, "Skull Fossil Suggests Simpler Human Lineage," The New York Times, October 17, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/18/science/fossil-skull-may-rewrite-humans-evolutionary-story.html.
Ann Margvelashvili et al., "Tooth Wear and Dentoalveolar Remodeling Are Key Factors of Morphological variation in the Dmanisi mandibles," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 43 (October 22, 2013): 17278–17283, doi:10.1073/pnas.1316052110.
The 1.8 million year date comes from worldview-based interpretation of radiometric data and is founded on unverifiable presuppositions. To learn more see "Radiometric Dating: Making Sense of the Patterns," "Radiometric Dating: Problems with the Assumptions," and "Radiometric Dating: Back to Basics."
Melissa Hogenboom, "Blow to Multiple Human Species Idea," BBC News, October 17, 2013, http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-24564375.
Charles Q. Choi, "Oddball 'Skull 5' Fossil Suggests Early Humans Belonged To Same Species," Huffington Post, October 18, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/17/skull-5-fossil-early-humans-species_n_4117510.html.
Hogenboom, "Blow to Multiple Human Species Idea."
Based on the article B. G. Wilder "Exhibition of, and Preliminary Note upon, a Brain of About One-half the Average Size from a White Man of Ordinary Weight and Intelligence," Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 38 (1911): 95–97; reported in John R. Skoyles, "Human Evolution Expanded Brains to Increase Expertise Capacity, Not IQ," Psycoloquy 10, no. 2 (1999), http://www.cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/cgi/psyc/newpsy?10.002.
C. Oxnard et al., "Post-Cranial Skeletons of Hypothyroid Cretins Show a Similar Anatomical Mosaic as Homo floresiensis," PLoS ONE 5, no. 9 (September 27, 2010): e13018, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013018; and C. Oxnard et al., "More on the Liang Bua Finds and Modern Human Cretins," Journal of Comparative Human Biology 63 (October 27, 2012): 407–412, doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2012.09.005.
K. Baab et al., "Homo floresiensis Contextualized: A Geometric Morphometric Comparative Analysis of Fossil and Pathological Human Samples," PLos ONE 8, no. 7 (July 10, 2013): e69119, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069119.
Discussed during a lecture series delivered at University College, London, by Charles Oxnard, published in a chapter entitled "Homo floresiensis: A Very Cold Case" in the book Ghostly Muscles, Wrinkled Brains, Heresies and Hobbits, (Hackensack, New Jersey: World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008). Reported by creationist neuroscientist Peter Line, "New Dmanisi Skull Threatens to Bring the House Down," Creation Ministries International, October 29, 2013, http://creation.com/dmanisi.
Evolutionist Peter Brown ("LB1 and LB6 Homo floresiensis are not modern human (Homo sapiens) cretins" in Journal of Human Evolution 62 (2012): 201–224.) does not believe the "hobbits" suffered from cretinism but notes that the sort of prognathism seen at Flores affected the full face, whereas modern adult victims of cretinism have a flatter mid-face and sub-nasal prognathism. The variety of pathological changes in the skulls of these people, regardless of the specific disease process involved, points to a very reasonable explanation for their unusual appearance.
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You sign up to server your country because that's what you believe in. During the recruiting process you hear all about the amazing aspects of the branch of service you are contemplating joining. In some cases recruiters between services are vying for you to enlist with them. You think what an honor and this is definitely the right choice. Like an athlete in free agency you pick the "team" that you believe will also allow you to contribute as much as possible. Off to basic training and technical training schools you go. Your nation calls, as it has routinely over the past decade or more, for you to deploy to a combat region. While there you are injured and return back to United States where you either recover well enough to continue your service or are discharged. Upon discharge the alarming and disgusting reality of getting the ongoing support and care you need is nothing but words....You wait for an appointment, you wait some more, in some cases you get lucky and somehow you get in....but in a lot of cases you hang in there because you believe your nation will take care of you...why wouldn't you believe this after having executed your part of the contract....Some veterans have waited so long for support that they have become disengaged, disenfranchised or just plain have given up all hope. This is not the story a Veteran should be telling!!
Below is a short list of the Veterans Administrations issues plaguing the Veterans today, are these new? I would venture to offer these are old issues that have now become so exasperated by the sheer volume of Veterans needing support that they have become more apparent.
Being a combat Veteran and the Son of generations of Combat Veterans that were denied the proper support after having returned from combat I can first hand tell you these are real, they had to fight tooth and nail to get what they were owed and entitled to. Rarely will you ever hear me use the word entitlement, except when it comes to our Veterans. They are entitled to the best of the best but yet they get substandard support in most cases.
Addressing these issues starts at the top, not the top of the VA, of our Nation. As we enter into a new cycle of Presidential elections we all should be looking to see which candidate has any form of a Veterans Support Reform...right now its fodder a couple candidates might throw out at the end of a rally before they jump into their private jet or bus to head back to their more than comfortable living arrangements.
Right now Veterans are taking care of Veterans by providing support that the Government is not. This is great, this should be the case, this should be part of the solution but it should not be the solution. I personally would love to see a Veteran sitting at the helm of the Veterans Administration that has experienced all of these issues so they can bring their personal experience and dedication to fix the issues at hand.
I personally know three individuals whom I saw grow up through their middle school to high school years that have recently graduated from boot camp, two Army Soldiers and one Marine. They are aware of the struggles and lack of support that our Veterans face, yet they enlisted without a second thought to do what they were called to do. It's time for our Nation to make supporting our Veterans a top national priority.


Hi there! October means all things pumpkin, and I have a yummy pumpkin tahini cookie recipe for you all today! They're on the slightly healthier side than other cookies, being gluten free and containing nutrient filled tahini. Get the recipe below (adapted from A Beautiful Mess)!
1. Mix together the butter, pumpkin, and sugars. Then add in the egg, vanilla, and tahini.
2. Next add in the flour, baking powder, salt, and cinnamon. Once dough has formed, add in chocolate chips. Scoop out into cookie dough balls, and refrigerate for 30 minutes.
3. Either store in fridge until ready to bake, or preheat your oven to 350, and bake for 12 minutes. Serve warm and enjoy!


text:
Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking sign deal to keep AI from ending humanity
by Colm Gorey
Terminator robot image via Wikimedia Commons
Hundreds of scientists, academics and entrepreneurs, including Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking, have digitally added their name to an open letter promising artificial intelligence (AI) won't end humanity.
Both Musk and Hawking have been quite vocal in recent months about their fears over the direction with which AI is taking and their belief that its unmitigated development could, the far future, lead to robots overtaking mankind and eventually destroying it.
While many see films including the Terminator series as works of science fiction, the Future of Life Institute (FLI) certainly don't see it as a fantasy concept with their open letter.
While not putting it in such dramatic terms, the group are trying to promote the idea that there needs to be increased regulation with how the technology of robots and AI develops if it is to co-habit the workspace of humans and even one day, in our homes.
Benefits and pitfalls of AI
"There is now a broad consensus that AI research is progressing steadily, and that its impact on society is likely to increase," says the open letter.
It continued, "The potential benefits are huge, since everything that civilization has to offer is a product of human intelligence; we cannot predict what we might achieve when this intelligence is magnified by the tools AI may provide, but the eradication of disease and poverty are not unfathomable. Because of the great potential of AI, it is important to research how to reap its benefits while avoiding potential pitfalls."
As part of the letter, a research document has also been published by the FLI detailing specifically what points need to be addressed regarding the development of AI including the future of autonomous weapons and vehicles, market disruption because of AI and AI's place within privacy and the analysing of people's online data.
Calling on their research to be expanded to the greater science and technology community, the letter said, "We recommend expanded research aimed at ensuring that increasingly capable AI systems are robust and beneficial: our AI systems must do what we want them to do."
Related: Elon Musk, infosec, AI, Stephen Hawking, research, robotics, science
Colm Gorey was a senior journalist with Silicon Republic
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Did Spanish Train Crash Driver Make Speed Boast on Facebook?
On Wednesday, at 8.41 p.m. local time, a train derailed and crashed near the northwestern Spanish city of Santiago de Compostela, leaving 80 people dead and 31 critically injured.
Months before the tragic crash, the driver of the train, Francisco Jose Garzón Amo, 52, allegedly boasted of traveling at high speeds on his Facebook page, according to multiple media sources who saw his account, which is now deleted.
According to another publication, El Mundo, on March 2012, Garzón also posted a picture of a speedometer at 200 kph (124 mph.) You can see a zoomed in screenshots in this video.
After one of his friend wrote: "Whoa you are going so fast, braaaaaaake," Garzón replied that "If I went any faster, they'd fine me," before adding that "the speedometer isn't manipulated."
His friend made a reference to speeding and how he'd lose the points on his driver's license, to which Garzón responded in all caps: "How fun it would be to drive side-by-side the police and then pass them by, triggering the speed radar. Haha, bit of a fine for [train operator] Renfe, ha ha," according to the report.
Garzón, who had 30 years of experience, is now under investigation. He had started operating the train just 60 miles before the crash, and tests performed after the crash reported that he wasn't under the influence of alcohol, as reported by El Pais.


People often talk about transferable skills in the workplace. These are a set of practices which will be used across many different careers. There are three which will stand you in good shape regardless of what position you hold at work or what industry you work in, so make sure you brush up on yours and become the top dog of your trade.
You don't have to be a salesman to benefit from sales techniques. In fact regardless of what you do, at some point you will be selling something to someone. Even if it is yourself. Familiarising yourself with the top techniques used by brilliant closers, will help you to push your career to the next level. Even nurses need to have a few tricks up their sleeves when selling the idea of heart health to patients.
There are loads of sales training techniques that you ought to brush up on. NLP and transactional analysis will help you to understand the person or company you are dealing with and teach you how to work with the individual to get the best results. You may find that particular people respond better to empathic approaches, whilst others need you to be direct and forward.
Pr and Marketing are vital for many different careers. You can use this to promote your company, promote yourself or even to turn a bad situation to your benefit. This can be a very useful commodity to have regardless of the industry. Even a baker may need a little PR spin if a hair is found in one of his buns or someone breaks a tooth on a piece of wheat. Don't assume that you can't go for a job just because you have a set of skills they aren't advertising for. You need to know how to use your old skills to improve the current team in a new role. So look at the company, research them online, and then see how your skill set could help them achieve even more.
The last skill is really two but one works with the other. Employers often want to see someone who is both a leader and a team player. So you need to sharpen up your leadership and delegation qualities. Delegating is more of a leadership role but it shows that you understand having a strong team of people alongside you may mean others have strengths that you don't. So by showing you understand the importance of delegation you are proving you know how a team works. This will also demonstrate your ability to lead the pack. Which is a great sign you have a level head and a good initiative. Even if you are used to being a manager and your new role involves you being part of a team, promote the fact you can work independently when needed.
Turning up to work with these 3 skills under your belt will make you shine above the rest and could even see you landing that promotion sooner than you had imagined.


text: Q: What is a portable SQL data type for storing boolean values? I am doing an ODBC based SQL client and I need to store a boolean value - what is the most portable SQL data type to use for the corresponding column? I already saw the related questions What is the best data type to store boolean values in a database? and Are there reasons for not storing boolean values in SQL as bit data types?, but they do not cover portability per dbms. I assume TINYINT is the way to go since it seems that at least MySQL and MSSQL support it, but maybe someone can give a more precise answer from experience?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We went to the Van Gogh exhibition at the Royal Academy the other day. There's far too much verbiage around about him and I'm certainly not qualified to add to it. It's just that I was simply blown away by the colour. I'd been to the Van Gogh museum in Amsterdam over 20 years ago, so must have seen many of these pictures before – but it's amazing how the memory, like sunlight, makes colours fade. The RA show was arranged more or less chronologically. So we are assaulted by his trumpet-like blast of colour as we proceed from the Holland and northern France rooms, and enter the heat haze of Provence. The window shutters are flung open, the cobwebs blown out, the midday sun streams through.
They're almost absurd sometimes – green sky, blue grass, sickly yellow faces – and yet… they're alive, they're real, they're realistic, they're true. Few get away with it. But Vincent doesn't just get away with it – he overwhelms us with it. Like these two from his convalescent retreat in Saint-Remy Hospital in 1889.
Inevitably, reproduction (of the hospital in particular) completely fails to convey the vibrancy and movement – but 'in the flesh', what hit me between the eyeballs about the hospital is that it is a rainbow. One's eye is driven by the brushstrokes from colour to colour, from image to image – much as one's eye is carried in real life by a beautiful scene. And every corner of the spectrum is there, more or less.
Here's another gem I picked up from Robert Macfarlane's wonderful The Wild Places.
Spot on – we see… but we don't see. What should be, and is, visible, remains invisible – simply because we don't look. And this is why great art is so vital. It makes us look, more deliberately. And since the Van Gogh show, I've been seeing colour everywhere. It was always there – the places didn't change; I did. There are obvious lessons to learn here for our reading of texts, not least the text of the Bible. Too often in our reading, we simply don't look.
So here are a few photos I took over the weekend in Oxfordshire, with a bit of Photoshop fun. All I've done is to make the majority monochrome – the colours of the various objects remain completely unaffected.
Mark, this is really interesting in relation to 'figure' and 'ground'. I cannot remember if I mentioned it before, but I use the symbolic realism of the Pre-Raphaelites to help reflect on the narrative significance of John's gospel.


Hey, let us learn some theories… Do not worry. These are some simple things. Operators are the symbols like +, -, x, /, etc… Yeah! These are very easy…!
What is the use of '+' in mathematics..? Yes, '+' is using for addition. Like this, all operators are using for some specific operations. Like '+', there are some other operators.
You are already familiar with this operator. Assignment operator is using for assigning a value to a variable.
Here the value 10 is assigned to the variable 'a' using the operator '='. So the memory location of 'a' gets the value 10.
Question: Write a program to swap the value of given two numbers.?
The variables 'a' and 'b' get two different values from user.
The variable 'c' gets the value of 'a'.
Here the variable 'a' gets the value of 'b'.
Here the variable 'b' gets the value of 'c'.
Now the process swapping completed. That is the value of 'a' was 10 and 'b' was 20, now the values of 'a' got 20 and 'b' got 10.
Example: Program to accept a number and add 10 to the number, then display the updated answer.
Entered number stored to the variable 'num'.
Instead of this program, we can write like this with only one variable with same output.
First 10 will take as a number, and then add to the entered number (num), then store the added number to location of first entered number (location of num).
If we declared an integer with variable name 'num' (int num;), then compiler made a location to store integer value with name 'num'.
Then compiler accepts a number to the variable 'num' from user. (eg: 20). Therefore, the variable 'num' gets the value 20.
In line 'num = num + 10', from right to left, 10 is added (+) to the value of num (Here the value of num is 20). So the right side of = get the value 30 (20 + 10).
Next is the '=' symbol, this is the assignment operator, so the value of right side (30) assigned the variable 'num', that is the memory location of 'num' gets a value 30. Now memory location of num contains the final answer.
▶ What will be output?
70? Yeah, 70 is the correct answer, that is, a number 30 added to the value of 'b' (40) and saved to same location. So 'b' gets the value 70 (40+30).
▶ Question : Write a program to find sum of two number using 2 variables only.
Accept and store first number to num1 and second number to num2.
If you can use these short form in your programming, then that is better. During interviews, many software companies give more priorities to programmers who are using short form like these.
(The symbol '%' will learn on next lesson).


text:
THE WEICHERT REPORT
World News Done Right™
Brandon J. Weichert to John Batchelor: Trump Best American Leader to Handle China
Brandon J. Weichert February 13, 2020 February 18, 2020 Interviews
In this piece, Brandon J. Weichert discusses the Trump Administration's handling of China's cyberattacks against US companies, like Equifax, and asserts that President Trump is the best person capable of dealing with a clearly hostile (and weakening) China.
Brandon Weichert, editor of The Weichert Report: World News Done Right and a national security policy analyst specializing in emerging technology, talks about the recent Nine-count indictment filed in Atlanta of four members of China's People's Liberation Army, who hacked into Equifax and stole massive data on millions of Americans. The PLA is sworn to serve and obey, not the Chinese nation but the Chinese Communist Party. Meanwhile, Boris Johnson's government has decided to let Huawei's 5G network in to some extent to the UK [basic data transmission structure]. The US under the Trump Administration has decided to prevent that. President Trump is agitated over some matters related to China, which is stealing information from the West at unprecedented levels. The president has proven that under some circumstances, he'll pounce, sometimes to prove a point or sometimes to extract meaningful concessions from counter-parties–as Brandon suspects Trump is doing with China presently (the first time a US president has stood up in any meaningful way to China's brinkmanship and humiliations of the United States in decades). There is, indeed, a new sheriff in town!
If China Did Hack Equifax, These Americans May Have More Reasons to be Concerned
Understanding Digital Security
Cybercrime Damages Could Cost World Economy $6 Trillion by 2021
OPM Now Admits 5.6 million Feds' Fingerprints Were Stolen by Hackers (Many with Security Clearances)
Inside the Cyberattack That Shocked the U.S. Government (Breakdown of OPM Hack from 2015)
FOR PRESS INQUIRIES WRITE TO THEWEICHERTREPORT@GMAIL.COM and FOLLOW BRANDON ON TWITTER @WeTheBrandon.
Bill Barr, China, counterintelligence, Cyber Warfare, Department of Justice, Donald J. Trump, Huawei, industrial espionage, Xi Jinping
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Next Twentieth Century Rejects: Bernie Sanders and Socialism
Published by Brandon J. Weichert
Brandon J. Weichert is a geopolitical analyst and author. His book, "Winning Space: How America Remains a Superpower" is due out in Fall 2020 from Republic Book Publishers and addresses the need for a U.S. Space Force, the threats the United States faces from rising technological powers, such as China, in space, and where the United States should be moving in terms of space defense, exploration, and development. On top of that, Brandon is the founder and manager of The Weichert Report: World News Done Right, where he delivers unconventional reportage on some of the world's most important news stories. He is also a contributing editor at American Greatness and The American Spectator, and he contributes to Real Clear Public Affairs, Real Clear World, and Real Clear Defense regularly. Brandon's work on national security has also been republished in Yahoo! News, the New York Post, The Spectator US, and The National Interest. Brandon is a frequent guest on The John Batchelor Show where he comments on Chinese technology and trade policies. He travels the country briefing audiences from the military and tech investment community on matters related to technology and national security. Brandon is a recovering Congressional staffer who holds an M.A. in Statecraft and National Security Affairs from the Institute of World Politics in Washington, D.C. and he can be followed on Twitter @WeTheBrandon. Please be sure to follow The Weichert Report's Facebook page @theweichertreport, too. For any press or media inquiries email him at theweichertreport@gmail.com.	View all posts by Brandon J. Weichert
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Brandon J. Weichert's Other Work
THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR; AMERICAN GREATNESS; REAL CLEAR POLITICS; QUILLETTE; REAL CLEAR POLICY; SPACE NEWS; REAL CLEAR MARKETS; FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE; EURASIA RESEARCH & ANALYSIS INSTITUTE
theweichertreport@gmail.com


In past generations, rubber played an important role in product development, from rubber ducks to car parts. From the early 19th century, for example, rubber ducks became an endearing toy. It did not matter that in later years, it was actually made of polyethylene plastic. In fact, in 2001, Queen Elizabeth displayed of these irresistible, squeaky ducks in her bathroom.
In order to really address how rubber is made, it is necessary to understand what it is.
Natural rubber (latex) comes from natural rubber trees predominantly found in South and Central America. From the early 17th century, according to the International Rubber Study Group, this natural substance was used to make shoes and waterproof materials. The problem with latex is that when you put it under intense heat, it grows soft and breaks up. For example, if hoses were made entirely of tree sap, if left in direct sunlight, they will eventually break down until they are no longer worth using.
Synthetic rubber, on the other hand, is created using raw materials such as acetylene, natural gas, coal, petroleum and oil. Through taking these materials and changing their composition, it is possible to create a substance similar to the natural tree sap, yet much more resilient. The most common material, known as SBR, closely resembles natural rubber and is used to make tires or tracks.
How Stuff Works states that a majority of natural rubber comes from trees that are native to Latin American countries. When Columbus and others explored tropical areas, they brought these trees home to transplant. Other countries, such as Southeast Asia and Africa, also have transplanted trees to produce rubber. Some of the Latin American trees are "hevea braziliensis" (used most commonly for commercial products, one of the best trees for producing rubber, and found in Brazil), "hevea guyanensis" (first discovered in French Guyana), and "castilla estastica" (the Panama or Mexican rubber tree). The trees that have been transplanted include "ficus estastica" (located in Malaysia and Java and used as a houseplant), "funtumia elastic" (found in West Africa), and "landolphia owariensis" (found in the Congo basin).
1. The person who wishes to collect sap cuts a thin strip of bark diagonally from the tree. This makes it possible for the latex (a milky colored fluid that forms into rubber) to rush out of the bark.
2. This fluid flows downward and fills a bucket (offering up to 1 gallon of sap) at the base of the tree. It will take approximately six hours for the latex to top dripping.
3. By the following day, there is enough sap for the tree to be cut again to harvest the sap.
4. After this process, the latex is spread out in thin layers to dry. Production companies purchase latex fluid, fill large drums with it, and export it for processing.
5. These companies smoke sheets of this rubber, adding acid to make clumps. To remove any water, they roll them into flat sheets, dry and smoke them, and send them out for further processing.
6. In order to chemically treat the rubber, low temperatures are used. This process is also known as creating prevulcanized latex. This makes it easier to export and change to more standard rubber through a gentle process of heating.
Like natural rubber, the synthetic rubber polymers are made into clumps and dried in order to export them. The petroleum based chemicals used to make this rubber are created at the manufacturing plant. The synthetic rubber is rolled into long sheets that are then made into strips that are used for processing and molding.
Extrusion: With this process, the synthetic substance is mechanically heated and mixed in an elongated chamber and pressed through a small opening. It is chemically treated at low temperatures and often the resulting "cured" rubber is made into large strands to be used in compression molding.
Injection Molding: Strips of rubber are mixed and heated in a chamber and high pressure is used to force it into a mold. Instead of using chemicals, steam is used to vulcanize it and then it is cooled and removed from its mold.
Neoprene: This product is used to insulate diving suits.
Silicone: This rubber is very light weight, flexible and is most widely used in medical devices. Due to its flexibility, it is often used for breast implantation.
Latex: Named after the sap gathered from rubber trees, synthetic latex keeps the milky white color of the sap. In order to make this latex, polysulfides are added and it is treated at low temperatures for a long period of time. Since this process is slow, there is time to add dyes to the mixture to develop rubber in a variety of colors.
Our lives are touched in several ways with the wonders of rubber, whether it comes directly from trees, or other substances are used to create stronger versions that can be used in cars, medical products and even toys. Only the best rubber products are used to ensure durability and long lasting stability.
Mac Brewster has been working in the rubber industry for many years and wanted to share how rubber is manufactured and produced with his readership.


text:
Sylvie Guillaume (Antony, 11 juni 1962) is een Frans politica. Sinds 14 juli 2009 is zij lid van het Europees Parlement namens de Parti Socialiste (S&D). Ze vertegenwoordigt de regio Rhône-Alpes.

Guillaume behaalde in 1980 haar baccalauréat in de richting exacte wetenschappen biologie. Ze werkte daarna enkele jaren als ambtenaar, directie-assistentie en parlementair medewerkster. Tussen 1998 en 2009 was ze lid van de regioraad van Rhône-Alpes, en tussen 2001 en 2014 was ze wethouder en locoburgemeester van Lyon. Ze behaalde voor het eerst een zetel in het Europees Parlement bij de verkiezingen van 2009 en ging deel uitmaken van de S&D-fractie. Tussen 19 januari 2012 en 30 juni 2014 was ze tevens vicevoorzitter van die fractie.

Na de parlementsverkiezingen van 2014 werd Guillaume op 1 juli 2014 verkozen tot een van de veertien vicevoorzitters van het parlement. In die hoedanigheid maakte zij tot 1 juli 2019 deel uit van het Bureau. Daarnaast is zij sinds 16 juli 2009 lid van de commissie burgerlijke vrijheden, justitie en binnenlandse zaken.

Externe link
Officiële website

Frans Europarlementariër

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Food processing businesses in British Columbia are required to implement formal food safety plans to ensure their products are safe for consumption. This requires specialized expertise, planning and training, to implement good manufacturing practices and build and maintain a strong food safety culture in the processing facility.
Optimizing food safety at a food processing facility requires knowledge in food science. Include an expert in the field of food science in your business team of experts and consultants, and ensure they have the experience and knowledge to guide you through product formulation and developing a food safety plan built on evidence-based best practices. Good manufacturing practices (GMPs) and a thorough Hazard Analysis (HA) with a Risk Assessment will guide you to implement Critical Control Points (CCPs) to ensure a safe product for your consumers.
Once you have your Food Safety Program planned out it needs to be implemented. Communication and training ensures a strong food safety culture among your staff, to carry out your Food Safety Plan. The following organizations offer training resources and information on skills requirements for the food industry.
B.C. has a range of legislation covering food safety. This includes producing and processing food (such as meat, dairy products and fish), and supplying it to consumers. The development and implementation of food safety & sanitation plans at processing facilities are required by law.
Learn about starting or managing a food or beverage processing business, sourcing raw materials, industry certifications, and innovation and technology in processing.
Food safety requires a farm to plate approach, to ensure all risks are managed, beginning with good agricultural practices (GAP) on the farm.


The Randwick school band and string programs are designed to foster students' musical abilities and love of music.
Membership within these programs provide a unique opportunity for your child to learn an instrument, experience the pleasures of performing, and develop important teamwork skills.
All students, K-6, are eligible to join the string program, while all year 3-6 students are eligible to join the band program. Students are not required to read music or play an instrument to join, however, they must demonstrate their commitment by attending weekly rehearsals and tutorials, as well as practising their instruments at home. Our string ensembles and bands regularly perform at school and at public events. Notable annual performances are held at the Festival of Instrumental Music at the Sydney Opera House, the NSW band festival, and the Daceyville Big Band Bash.
Our band and string programs are managed by Bright Stars Music, with the support from both the school and the P&C run Music Committee. For further information about our band and string programs, please contact Bright Stars Music on 1300 856 802, or info@brightstarsmusic.com.au.


Mandatory appearance in CAT/MAT/XAT/ATMA /GMAT/CMAT score.
Filling up of IILM College of Management Studies Applicatio form separately.
All students seeking admission to IILM College of Management Studies must fill-up the prescribed application form, and submit the same to IILM College of Management Studies Admission Office.
The dates for the group discussion and interview would be intimated to short-listed candidates through email and letter. Group discussions and personal interviews will be conducted at Greater Noida.


Incorporate delicious dried beef recipes into your menu with these Knauss Foods dried beef chips. Great for crafting tasty snacks, appetizers, or sandwiches, the pre-cut slices are conveniently ready for use right out of the bag with no time-consuming prep requirements. This beef accents your dishes with a mildly salty, yet beefy and smoky flavor profile that's especially delicious when mixed with melted butter, milk, and flour in a saucepan to simmer. When finished this creamy and thick mixture is perfect to spoon onto a fresh baked slice of toasted white bread to create an authentic Pennsylvania Dutch style creamed chipped dried beef on toast breakfast.
Additionally, these beef chips are made from 100% real beef that is lean and trimmed of most fat to ensure you receive a high quality product. With no added MSG, it's also great to serve to health conscious customers. Ready to eat out of the package, dried beef is great to add in with fresh cream cheese, sour cream, and onion to create a savory appetizer dip. Or you can warm it on the stove in a cream sauce to complement the salty flavor from its curing process and enhance the savory beef taste. Keep these dried beef chips on hand and serve your guests genuine, old-fashioned style premium beef.
Beginning as a small butcher shop in Quakertown, Pennsylvania, Knauss Foods is now one of the largest manufacturers of dried beef products in the world. In operation since 1902, this company still uses original recipes to slowly cure and air dry their meats and create delicious, traditional style products. Use Knauss Foods product in your business to create satisfying and high-quality menu items for customers to enjoy.


I followed the link you posted about what people would like to see added to S&T.
I didn't see this one so I would like to add that I would like to see the ability to have more than ONE trip on the individual S&T file; like you can do on Map Source.
What would make S&T an outstanding product would be the inclusion of layers like CAD programs have where you can select what layer or layers you want to see at one time. Examples of use: 1. Primary route on one layer with route alternatives of other layers that can be shown or hidden at will. 2. Various types of POIs and their pushpins on different layers, e.g., fuel, restaurants, rest areas, etc. That way, for example, if I am looking for fuel options, I don't have to wade through a myriad (at that point) of irrelevant pushpins to find where I want to stop.
If all I want to see are gas stations, I click on find nearby places, turn off all of the choices, and then turn on gas stations only, and then set the distance from where I am that I am willing to look at. I do not need layers for that... it is really quick and simple to do it via that routine.
"Nearby places" doesn't work for me for a number of reasons. 1. Without a navigator: a. The text is too small b. The icons are too small 2. I try to look ahead, and not just hope for the best when I anticipate needing fuel, food, or rest. I like to know if I should stop now or if there are better options a little further along.
@RsH It's gotta be a Navteq bug. I have a Garmin nüvi which uses Navteq data. I was driving around Toronto last Fall with it and it kept sending me back on and off the 401 and 403 when it was absolutely unnecessary. Many times around North York I only needed to go a few miles, and it would try to get me onto the 401 when I could have just taken Sheppard all the way. I followed it once onto the 401 and then literally at the next exit (like 15-20 seconds later!) it instructed me to take the next ramp. So I just ignored it after that and the auto-reroute feature kicked in and it was like, "Oh, okay, I can play it like that, too". Too bad it can't remember my preferred alternate route and use that the next time I go in the same direction.
I'll offer a bet. Microsoft has decided to drop Streets and Trips but figured it could get people to upgrade one more time before they dropped it. How else can you explain the fact they tossed 2011 out the door - many months later than usual - without even minimal compatibility testing (PUSH PINS, ANYONE)?
How much are you willing to bet? If you lose, will you buy a copy of Microsoft Streets and Trips 2012 to every member of Laptop GPS World who will ask you for one?
I guess that would depend on what you offer if I am right?
Just downloaded and purchased the new 2011 Streets and Trips , but it took 4 hours to download at the campground [wifi] I am at. This was my 4th try to download over the last month and after looking in every Best Buy and Sam's Club going north, I decided to try the download one more time.
The price was right - $24.95 + tax, but during the last several minutes of the download, I was on my knees - praying it would not cancel out - and my prayers were answered!
Just downloaded the new Megafile - thanks to Larry and the crew at Microsoft for keeping this going.
I tried to convert one file at 1 a.m. this morning, but it looked like it was going to take awhile.
My chief complaint with the 2011 are the terrible pushpin markers! The pushpins on the 2008 were bright and clearly defined whereas these are fuzzy and of varying colors making them very hard to distinguish from one another. Is there any kind of fix for this?
I usually used the "backup" arrow frequently and found it handy but it looks like that is gone. Is there something that I don't know here?
I didn't like the change in the scan/select procedure but I guess I will learn to live with that.
I downloaded the MegaFile and it is incredible, but way too much info, is there an easier way to cut out some of the things I will never use?
I can't help with the rest of your questions but you can make your own version of the POI Megafile. It's assembled from information that is freely available on the web, mostly from the companies themselves. If you search for something like "[company name] POI" or similar, you should get what you need.
Or you can register at POI Friend and/or POI Factory. They are free to use and contain zillions of POI files. It's pretty easy to search for the ones you want. Some of the files are built and maintained by individuals but many companies have taken to publishing and updating their own now. I am registered at both because each has some the other does not.
One nice feature in S&T introduced in 2010 and is also in 2011 is the ability to hide/unhide pushpin sets. I suggest you look into this because, without out this functionality, all the Mega pushpins are completely unmanageable as it seems you have already discovered.
The other thing you can do is delete pushpins that are geographically irrelevant to your needs. If you do a search on this forum or look at the built-in Help file, you can pick up some tips on how to do that.
I find the best thing to do with the Mega file, however, is to use it as reference file only. That is, copy only those POI pushpins from the Mega file into some other file of your own (perhaps an SST file) to keep the pushpin population manageable on your own terms. Planning a 12,000-mile trip in the Mega file would surely result in some sort of overload either in your laptop or when you try to download it to your Garmin.
Thanks for the tips, Spades, I will be trying these out this week... so much to learn!!!
It's is a search issue.
The street is on the map but you cannot search for it.