text:
A CRISPR screen identifies IFI6 as an ER-resident interferon effector that blocks flavivirus replication
R. Blake Richardson, Maikke B. Ohlson, Jennifer L. Eitson, Ashwani Kumar, Matthew B. McDougal, Ian N. Boys, Katrina B. Mar, Pamela C. De La Cruz-Rivera, Connor Douglas, Genevieve Konopka, Chao Xing, John W. Schoggins
The Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development
Microbiology - Schoggins Lab - Administration
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an architecturally diverse organelle that serves as a membrane source for the replication of multiple viruses. Flaviviruses, including yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus and Zika virus, induce unique single-membrane ER invaginations that house the viral replication machinery1. Whether this virus-induced ER remodelling is vulnerable to antiviral pathways is unknown. Here, we show that flavivirus replication at the ER is targeted by the interferon (IFN) response. Through genome-scale CRISPR screening, we uncovered an antiviral mechanism mediated by a functional gene pairing between IFI6 (encoding IFN-α-inducible protein 6), an IFN-stimulated gene cloned over 30 years ago2, and HSPA5, which encodes the ER-resident heat shock protein 70 chaperone BiP. We reveal that IFI6 is an ER-localized integral membrane effector that is stabilized through interactions with BiP. Mechanistically, IFI6 prophylactically protects uninfected cells by preventing the formation of virus-induced ER membrane invaginations. Notably, IFI6 has little effect on other mammalian RNA viruses, including the related Flaviviridae family member hepatitis C virus, which replicates in double-membrane vesicles that protrude outwards from the ER. These findings support a model in which the IFN response is armed with a membrane-targeted effector that discriminately blocks the establishment of virus-specific ER microenvironments that are required for replication.
Nature microbiology
Dive into the research topics of 'A CRISPR screen identifies IFI6 as an ER-resident interferon effector that blocks flavivirus replication'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Flavivirus Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Medicine & Life Sciences 89%
Endoplasmic Reticulum Medicine & Life Sciences 74%
Interferons Medicine & Life Sciences 71%
Antiviral Agents Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Richardson, R. B., Ohlson, M. B., Eitson, J. L., Kumar, A., McDougal, M. B., Boys, I. N., Mar, K. B., De La Cruz-Rivera, P. C., Douglas, C., Konopka, G., Xing, C., & Schoggins, J. W. (2018). A CRISPR screen identifies IFI6 as an ER-resident interferon effector that blocks flavivirus replication. Nature microbiology, 3(11), 1214-1223. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0244-1
A CRISPR screen identifies IFI6 as an ER-resident interferon effector that blocks flavivirus replication. / Richardson, R. Blake; Ohlson, Maikke B.; Eitson, Jennifer L.; Kumar, Ashwani; McDougal, Matthew B.; Boys, Ian N.; Mar, Katrina B.; De La Cruz-Rivera, Pamela C.; Douglas, Connor; Konopka, Genevieve; Xing, Chao; Schoggins, John W.
In: Nature microbiology, Vol. 3, No. 11, 01.11.2018, p. 1214-1223.
Richardson, RB, Ohlson, MB, Eitson, JL, Kumar, A, McDougal, MB, Boys, IN, Mar, KB, De La Cruz-Rivera, PC, Douglas, C, Konopka, G, Xing, C & Schoggins, JW 2018, 'A CRISPR screen identifies IFI6 as an ER-resident interferon effector that blocks flavivirus replication', Nature microbiology, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 1214-1223. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0244-1
Richardson RB, Ohlson MB, Eitson JL, Kumar A, McDougal MB, Boys IN et al. A CRISPR screen identifies IFI6 as an ER-resident interferon effector that blocks flavivirus replication. Nature microbiology. 2018 Nov 1;3(11):1214-1223. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0244-1
Richardson, R. Blake ; Ohlson, Maikke B. ; Eitson, Jennifer L. ; Kumar, Ashwani ; McDougal, Matthew B. ; Boys, Ian N. ; Mar, Katrina B. ; De La Cruz-Rivera, Pamela C. ; Douglas, Connor ; Konopka, Genevieve ; Xing, Chao ; Schoggins, John W. / A CRISPR screen identifies IFI6 as an ER-resident interferon effector that blocks flavivirus replication. In: Nature microbiology. 2018 ; Vol. 3, No. 11. pp. 1214-1223.
@article{967eafb5ea7a47588f6ac6b1fc332893,
title = "A CRISPR screen identifies IFI6 as an ER-resident interferon effector that blocks flavivirus replication",
abstract = "The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an architecturally diverse organelle that serves as a membrane source for the replication of multiple viruses. Flaviviruses, including yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus and Zika virus, induce unique single-membrane ER invaginations that house the viral replication machinery1. Whether this virus-induced ER remodelling is vulnerable to antiviral pathways is unknown. Here, we show that flavivirus replication at the ER is targeted by the interferon (IFN) response. Through genome-scale CRISPR screening, we uncovered an antiviral mechanism mediated by a functional gene pairing between IFI6 (encoding IFN-α-inducible protein 6), an IFN-stimulated gene cloned over 30 years ago2, and HSPA5, which encodes the ER-resident heat shock protein 70 chaperone BiP. We reveal that IFI6 is an ER-localized integral membrane effector that is stabilized through interactions with BiP. Mechanistically, IFI6 prophylactically protects uninfected cells by preventing the formation of virus-induced ER membrane invaginations. Notably, IFI6 has little effect on other mammalian RNA viruses, including the related Flaviviridae family member hepatitis C virus, which replicates in double-membrane vesicles that protrude outwards from the ER. These findings support a model in which the IFN response is armed with a membrane-targeted effector that discriminately blocks the establishment of virus-specific ER microenvironments that are required for replication.",
author = "Richardson, {R. Blake} and Ohlson, {Maikke B.} and Eitson, {Jennifer L.} and Ashwani Kumar and McDougal, {Matthew B.} and Boys, {Ian N.} and Mar, {Katrina B.} and {De La Cruz-Rivera}, {Pamela C.} and Connor Douglas and Genevieve Konopka and Chao Xing and Schoggins, {John W.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank N. Alto and J. Pfeiffer for critical manuscript feedback, M. Diamond and M. Henne for helpful discussions and C. Rice for reagents. We acknowledge the technical support of the UT Southwestern Live Cell Imaging Core and Electron Microscopy Core. This work was supported in part by NIH grants AI117922 and DK095031 (J.W.S.), the UT Southwestern Endowed Scholars program (J.W.S.), the Rita Allen Foundation (J.W.S.), the Clayton Foundation for Research (J.W.S.) and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program grant 2016217834 (I.N.B.). C.X. was partially supported by NIH grant UL1TR001105. Additional support for R.B.R. and K.B.M. was obtained from NIH T32 Training grants AI007520 and AI005284, respectively. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or the other funders. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",
journal = "Nature Microbiology",
T1 - A CRISPR screen identifies IFI6 as an ER-resident interferon effector that blocks flavivirus replication
AU - Richardson, R. Blake
AU - Ohlson, Maikke B.
AU - Eitson, Jennifer L.
AU - Kumar, Ashwani
AU - McDougal, Matthew B.
AU - Boys, Ian N.
AU - Mar, Katrina B.
AU - De La Cruz-Rivera, Pamela C.
AU - Douglas, Connor
AU - Konopka, Genevieve
AU - Xing, Chao
AU - Schoggins, John W.
N1 - Funding Information: We thank N. Alto and J. Pfeiffer for critical manuscript feedback, M. Diamond and M. Henne for helpful discussions and C. Rice for reagents. We acknowledge the technical support of the UT Southwestern Live Cell Imaging Core and Electron Microscopy Core. This work was supported in part by NIH grants AI117922 and DK095031 (J.W.S.), the UT Southwestern Endowed Scholars program (J.W.S.), the Rita Allen Foundation (J.W.S.), the Clayton Foundation for Research (J.W.S.) and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program grant 2016217834 (I.N.B.). C.X. was partially supported by NIH grant UL1TR001105. Additional support for R.B.R. and K.B.M. was obtained from NIH T32 Training grants AI007520 and AI005284, respectively. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or the other funders. Publisher Copyright: © 2018, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
N2 - The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an architecturally diverse organelle that serves as a membrane source for the replication of multiple viruses. Flaviviruses, including yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus and Zika virus, induce unique single-membrane ER invaginations that house the viral replication machinery1. Whether this virus-induced ER remodelling is vulnerable to antiviral pathways is unknown. Here, we show that flavivirus replication at the ER is targeted by the interferon (IFN) response. Through genome-scale CRISPR screening, we uncovered an antiviral mechanism mediated by a functional gene pairing between IFI6 (encoding IFN-α-inducible protein 6), an IFN-stimulated gene cloned over 30 years ago2, and HSPA5, which encodes the ER-resident heat shock protein 70 chaperone BiP. We reveal that IFI6 is an ER-localized integral membrane effector that is stabilized through interactions with BiP. Mechanistically, IFI6 prophylactically protects uninfected cells by preventing the formation of virus-induced ER membrane invaginations. Notably, IFI6 has little effect on other mammalian RNA viruses, including the related Flaviviridae family member hepatitis C virus, which replicates in double-membrane vesicles that protrude outwards from the ER. These findings support a model in which the IFN response is armed with a membrane-targeted effector that discriminately blocks the establishment of virus-specific ER microenvironments that are required for replication.
AB - The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an architecturally diverse organelle that serves as a membrane source for the replication of multiple viruses. Flaviviruses, including yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus and Zika virus, induce unique single-membrane ER invaginations that house the viral replication machinery1. Whether this virus-induced ER remodelling is vulnerable to antiviral pathways is unknown. Here, we show that flavivirus replication at the ER is targeted by the interferon (IFN) response. Through genome-scale CRISPR screening, we uncovered an antiviral mechanism mediated by a functional gene pairing between IFI6 (encoding IFN-α-inducible protein 6), an IFN-stimulated gene cloned over 30 years ago2, and HSPA5, which encodes the ER-resident heat shock protein 70 chaperone BiP. We reveal that IFI6 is an ER-localized integral membrane effector that is stabilized through interactions with BiP. Mechanistically, IFI6 prophylactically protects uninfected cells by preventing the formation of virus-induced ER membrane invaginations. Notably, IFI6 has little effect on other mammalian RNA viruses, including the related Flaviviridae family member hepatitis C virus, which replicates in double-membrane vesicles that protrude outwards from the ER. These findings support a model in which the IFN response is armed with a membrane-targeted effector that discriminately blocks the establishment of virus-specific ER microenvironments that are required for replication.
JO - Nature Microbiology
JF - Nature Microbiology


text:
The Deauville District Begins Here...
The Hotel Deauville: A History
A community effort to honor the legacy and history of a
Miami Modern landmark.
Sixty years after the debut of the Hotel Deauville, decades of neglect forced this classic resort to be shuttered. Recognizing its rich history which includes guests such as President Kennedy, Frank Sinatra, and Judy Garland, it is best known for its most famous visitors: The Beatles, who called the Deauville their Miami Beach home when they arrived to perform live on The Ed Sullivan Show from the hotel's Napoleon Ballroom. Driven by history, a collective of historians, writers, musicians, journalists, community activists and Beatles fans across America and around the world are now focused on efforts to restore the landmark hotel and have launched the 2/16/24 Initiative t o assist the hotel's owners, the City of Miami Beach, and the Miami Design Preservation League in re-opening the restored hotel in time for the 60th Anniversary of the Beatles' 1964 appearance.
We encourage you to look through our historic archives, read newspaper and magazine reports, watch videos, and learn more about this magnificent Miami Modern hotel. And then add your voice to this worthy cause.
News Past and Present
On September 10th, historian Amy Hughes presented a visual recap of the Beatles' visit to Miami and history of the Hotel Deauville. A panel discussion moderated by Daniel Ciraldo of the Miami Design Preservation League included panelists Margot Winick, Bob Kealing, Gary McKechnie, Amy Hughes, and Miami Beach commissioner Steve Meiner.
Miami's WQAM was at the scene when the Beatles arrived, and managed to turn their visit into a wealth of audio and visual memories. Click the image to learn more.
In 2014, the Miami Herald marked the 50th Anniversary of the Beatles' visit with deep-dive reporting about the week that became part of the city's history. From their arrival to their stay at the Deauville, click the image to learn more.
Deauville & Miami Videos and Historic Newsreels
The Beatles in Miami: A Musical Photo Album
Want to Help? Click here to sign the petition to Save the Deauville
2/16/24 Initiative Board of Directors
Amy Hughes • Margot Winick • Bob Kealing • Gary McKechnie
© 2021 Save the Deauville | Powered by Beaver Builder

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are very pleased to announce that our Company is going to take part in event organize in Singapore while Polish vessel Dar Młodzieży will berth that port.
Dar Młodzieży is in the middle of voyage for anniversary of 100 years of Poland regain independence.
9th of October vessel will call Port of Singapore and there will be Business Maritime Seminary on board for people involved in maritime industry, most of all the opportunities for Polish-Singapore maritime industry cooperation will be shown.
First participants would have chance to taste polish kitchen during lunch in Mess Hall on board of Dar Młodzieży, prepared especially for them by Polish Chefs.
Then the official part in Captain's Saloon will began with presentation – Business Maritime Opportunities in Poland which will be presented by Minister of Marine Economy and Inland Navigation.
Second lecture - Potential of Polish Ports in the aspect of Singaporean Export to North East Europe will be given by representative of Gdańsk/Gdynia Port .
Then 3 Polish Companies will present themselves.
First presenters will be our Technical Director and Service Manager, they are going to show our Company Profile - vision and goals. They will also describe what services we provide and how it looks like.
Dar Młodzieży will visit Singapore between 9-12th of October and many more Polish accents will be shown, we recommend to see this beautifull sailing vessel if anyone in Singapore these days!


text:
Q: How to compare strings in objective-c? I am having problems in comparing two string objects in objective-c. Here is my situation:
I have two NSString objects in my view controller as follow shown in my code below, in my .h file:
@property(nonatomic,retain) NSString *detailFacility;

in my .m file in viewDidLoad function:
- (void)viewDidLoad
{

NSData *facilityZoneURL = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"some URL..."]]];
NSError *error;
NSDictionary *facilityZoneDict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:facilityZoneURL options:kNilOptions error:&error];

NSArray *facilityZoneData = [facilityZoneDict objectForKey:@"Data"];

if (![facilityZoneData isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) {
    //JSON does not returned the Dictionary;
}

facilityZoneArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSLog(@"%@",detailFacility);
for (NSDictionary *item in facilityZoneData) {
    NSString *zoneFacilityID = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",[item objectForKey:@"FacilityId"]];

    NSLog(@"Facility ID: %@ --- Zone ID: %@",detailFacility,zoneFacilityID);

    NSLog(@"%@",[zoneFacilityID isEqualToString:detailFacility]? @"YES" : @"NO");
    if ([zoneFacilityID isEqualToString:detailFacility]) {
        NSLog(@"object added");
    }
}

But the problem is it is not comparing the strings as it is surely matches as some position.
here is my NSLOG situation:
2012-04-02 12:12:42.998 CarbonIndex[11078:207] Facility ID: 1056 --- Zone ID: 1056
2012-04-02 12:12:42.999 CarbonIndex[11078:207] NO

As you can see that both the string are accurately matched, but the if-condition does not execute, Tell me what I am missing in it.

A: It's likely an encoding issue. Try using something like this and see if it helps:
NSLog(@"%@",[zoneFacilityID compare:detailFacility]==NSOrderedSame? @"YES" : @"NO");

Compare works better with different encoding normalizations. See details here: http://weblog.bignerdranch.com/?p=334

A: More likely than not, one of your strings is not a string.  It is an NSNumber and, thus, trying to do a string comparison is failing.
Try changing your logging to verify this:
    NSLog(@"Facility ID: %@ --- Zone ID: %@",[detailFacility class],
              [zoneFacilityID class]);

If that is the case, then you'll likely want to change whatever code that is currently expected to store an NSString to storing an NSNumber, then use isEqual: on the number instances (as that will be faster and more straightforward than number->string conversions everywhere).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I met someone who was going to a speech therapist to work on this slurred speech problem caused by her cerebellum weirdness. Does anyone know more about it?
I have Cerebellar Degenerative Disease w/Ataxia which include many different symptoms. I do a great deal of research, well I used to, and never found any positive linkage to the Cerebellar Atrophy symptom of slurred speech improving through physical therapy.
When dealing with the Cerebellum, once physical deterioration or trauma occur there are no regenerative properties, which negates the possibility of recovery. Since it controls so much of our bodies activities, once a function is gone, there is little chance of recovery.
I'm just a regular guy with a little medical background and internet research abilities, I am not in the medical field. Therefore, I am simply sharing my experience and personal knowledge. I keep an open mind that anything is possible though.
Honey, you sure you just haven't been tippin' a few too many???? *insa ne Maybe out on a date with or possibly ??????
After very careful consideration of your assumptions and inquiry, I've decided to address each point and question individually, to include great detail.
Accept everyday as a challenge.


text:
Q: How to call function on Safari after page load? I need to redirect the web page after it loads and gets the param from the URL. I can do this with a button click.
However, I want to redirect the page automatically (without user input so better UX). Here I use window.addEventListener('load', () => handleClick()) and it works well on Chrome, but it does not always fire on Safari (desktop and mobile).
I can debug this by adding alert('Beginning'); in the handler — on Chrome, this fires automatically after the page load, but not on Safari.
How I can solve this?
const handleClick = async (event) => {

  alert('Beginning'); //For debugging

  const stripe = await stripePromise;
  const { error } = await stripe.redirectToCheckout({
    param,
  });
}

if (typeof window !== `undefined`) {
const param = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get('param');
}

const Page = () => {

  if (typeof window !== `undefined`) {
  window.addEventListener('load', () => handleClick())
  }

  return (
    <section >

      <button role="link" onClick={handleClick}> //Only for fallback
      Press
    </button>

    </section>
  );
};

export default Page;

A: Without clicking the button you can use history.push function.Since it fires as soon as it is called.
history.push(location)


text:
Abraham Calovius (also Abraham Calov or Abraham Kalau; 16 April 161225 February 1686) was a Lutheran theologian, and was one of the champions of Lutheran orthodoxy in the 17th century.

Biography

He was born in Mohrungen (Morąg), Ducal Prussia, a fief of Crown of Poland. After studying at Königsberg, in 1650 he was appointed professor of theology at Wittenberg, where he afterwards became general superintendent and primarius.

Calovius opposed the Catholics, Calvinists and Socinians, and in particular attacked the syncretism of his bitter enemy, George Calixtus. While Calixtus affirmed that the Apostles' Creed was an adequate definition of faith, Calovius rather held that one must believe every part of revealed truth in order to gain salvation. This led Calovius to deny as a heresy the idea that Roman Catholics or Calvinists could be partakers of salvation.

As a writer of polemics Calovius had few equals. His chief dogmatic work, Systema Iocorum theologicorum, (12 volumes, 1655–1677) represents the climax of Lutheran scholasticism. He produced a popular commentary on Martin Luther's translation of the Bible, "die deutsche Bibel," today known as the Calov Bible. He also wrote a much larger professional exegetical work on the entire Bible called "Biblia Illustrata." It is written from the point of view of a very strict belief in inspiration, his object being to refute the statements made by Hugo Grotius in his Commentaries.

Calovius died in Wittenberg.

Works (selection)

 Tractatus Novus De Methodo Docendi & Disputandi, 1632.
 Metaphysica divina. Rostock, Hallervord, 1640.
 Scripta philosophica. Lübeck, Wilden, 1651.
 Systema locorum theologicorum.  Wittenberg 1655–1677 (12 volumes).
 Biblia illustrata. Frankfurt am Main 1672–1676 and 1719 (4 volumes).
 Theologia positiva. Wittenberg 1682.

Notes

References
 Marco Sgarbi, Abraham Calov and Immanuel Kant. Aristotelian and Scholastic Traces in the Kantian Philosophy, Historia Philosophica, 8, 2010, pp. 55–62

External links

  Abraham Calov, Scripta philosophica
 Abraham Calov (1612-1686) Post-Reformation Digital Library
 The Birth of Ontology. A selection of Ontologists from 1560 to 1770
 Abraham Calov's Doctrine of Vocatio in Its Systematic Context by Kenneth Appold
 Dogmatic excerpts from Syncretismus and Digressio by Abraham Calov
 Lutheran Orthodoxy under Fire by Timothy Schmeling

1612 births
1686 deaths
People from Morąg
People from the Duchy of Prussia
17th-century German Lutheran clergy
German Lutheran theologians
German male non-fiction writers
17th-century German Protestant theologians
17th-century Latin-language writers
17th-century German writers
17th-century German male writers
University of Königsberg alumni
Academic staff of the University of Wittenberg
17th-century Lutheran theologians

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
2010 Autumn Horses in Training Sale Day 2 Press Release
LOT 768: CAT JUNIOR
The Tattersalls Autumn Horses in Training Sale saw rises for turnover and average on the second day and a clearance rate of 87%. In total 235 lots were sold for 6,436,400 guineas at an average of 27,389 guineas and a median of 13,000 guineas.
The top price on the second day was the five-year-old horse CAT JUNIOR who was knocked down to Bard Al Hajir, bidding on behalf of the Saudi Arabian based Prince Sultan Bin Mishel Bin Abdulaziz. Competition for the Group 3 winner and multiple Group placed colt was an International affair and included Dr Farid Bordbar from Iran and Norwegian owner Nils Petter Gill. The son of STORM CAT, who carried a 'Timeform' rating of 121 and whilst he has only recorded one victory at Group level in the Group 3 Burj Nahaar at Meydan earlier in the year, he has twice finished fourth at Group 1 level as a three-year-old and fourth again in the Group 1 Prix de la Foret as a four-year-old.
Autumn Horses in Training Sale Day 2 Figures:
Catalogued
2010 402 269 235 6,436,400 27,389 13,000
Locally-based bloodstock agent Anthony Stroud secured the PIVOTAL colt JEDI for 215,000 guineas after seeing off the efforts of National Hunt trainer Donald McCain and Sean Quinn, son of Yorkshire based handler John Quinn. Offered as part of the consignment from Sir Michael Stoute's Freemason Lodge Stables, JEDI had finished a good fourth behind CLOWANCE in the Group 3 St Simon Stakes at the weekend.
"He is a nice horse and has the right credentials and a suitable rating," said Stroud of the 97-rated colt who looks destined for the Dubai Racing Carnival early next year.
New Zealand based bloodstock agent and trainer Paul Moroney made a bold but unsuccessful bid to secure the session topping HEARTS OF FIRE yesterday, but had more luck today when securing the GALILEO colt DON CARLOS for 210,000 guineas. The three-year-old winner, who finished fourth in the Group 1 Gran Criterium de Saint-Cloud last year was knocked down to Moroney after he outlasted agent Danny Murphy.
"I went to 450,000gns yesterday for the sales topper, but could not quite go far enough," smiled Moroney.
"This is a good-looking horse who is less exposed than yesterday's horse. He missed a bit of time through the summer due to a pulled muscle, and looks as though he has some improvement still in him.
"I always find that buying off Ballydoyle has been a good experience - the team will always give you the full history of the horse and although you are buying their second string sorts, they can be plenty good enough!
"With the Australian dollar as it is currently, it makes good sense buying in Europe. The horses usually go back and acclimatise well."
DON CARLOS will join Moroney's Melbourne Cup winning brother Mike at his stable in Melbourne with the 'Race that stops a nation', the Melbourne Cup, the long term objective.


Swimming has quickly developed into a popular activity practiced regularly either for competitions, exercises or for fun and to relax in order to beat the heat. Either way, we thought it would be helpful for you to know the different swimming strokes and their dynamics.
The crawl breathing technique is undoubtedly the most difficult to master. It requires the head to be rotated to the side which can easily have a negative effect on balance and stroke technique.
Freestyle swimmers breathe in on the right or left side or by alternating the two. Again, it must be brief in order to get the head pointing straight in the water as soon as possible.
However, there is no need to lift your whole face out of the water, you just need to get your mouth to the surface to be able to breathe "into the trough". Exhalation, always continuous, takes place when the head is back in the water.
Some prefer to swim the crawl by breathing every two strokes (unilateral) to fend off fatigue, others every three strokes (bilateral) to stay better aligned while swimming, or even more, for swimmers wanting to reduce their resistance in the water and therefore swim faster.
The back crawl is a stroke that is used to relax and unwind at the end of a session. But while doing it properly it requires a lot of effort from the legs to stay buoyant and horizontal. The lower limbs are the ones consuming the most oxygen and that is why proper breathing is very important. Don't worry this is still more fun than the butterfly stroke.
When on your back, your face is in the open air and oxygen is much easier to access. The difficulty here is more a matter of respiratory rate rather than the availability of air. According to the frequency of movement, the breathing cycle will be faster or slower. You must always fully exhale so that the next breath in through the mouth is more effective and provides the body with the maximum amount of oxygen.
We, therefore, breathe in during the arm recovery phase and breathe out at the end of the recovery phase of the other arm. It's all about the rhythm!
The breaststroke is also known as the "frog stroke"!
The advantage of the breaststroke is that you breathe in with every movement, allowing a regular intake of air and giving you the oxygen your body requires.
Inhalation is through the mouth during the insweep phase of the arms as they push against the water and the shoulders rise above the water as the legs prepare to push. Like for the butterfly stroke, the head is raised so as to look in front of you and inhalation must be very brief. Exhalation, meanwhile, must be long and continuous throughout the underwater phase. Go make some waves and have your fun!
OHHH! the butterfly stroke. This is the most satisfying stroke and you are going to be content with yourself with just 2-3 laps. Want to know why?
The butterfly stroke is hard on the muscles and also makes breathing a little less easy. The real problem lies in the coordination of movements in order to take a breath at the right time. Once you get this right you are going to be the happiest person on the planet.
While practising the butterfly stroke air is taken in through the mouth, at the end of the pull-push phase, by lifting the head so as to look at the surface of the water. It must be fast so that the head immediately returns to its original place in order to keep the stroke as balanced as possible. For better "hydrodynamics", a breath is usually taken every other stroke. Exhaling however is continuous through the nose and mouth once the head is in the water.
So, now that you know what to do we advise you to put it into practice and have a great time!


Catherine Kniss is our Sales Manager at Trilogy® at The Vineyards, and our Team Member of the Month! She first fell in love with real estate in 2002 when she was working as an agent in Washington D.C. She spent the next 13 years selling real estate in Phoenix, Scottsdale, and the San Francisco Bay Area, before joining Trilogy at The Vineyards.
Say "hello" to Catherine on your next visit to Trilogy at The Vineyards!


text:
Hemaris syra ist ein Schmetterling (Nachtfalter) aus der Familie der Schwärmer (Sphingidae).

Merkmale
Die Falter haben eine Flügelspannweite von 35 bis 48 Millimetern. Man kann sie von Hemaris tityus anhand der viel breiteren Marginalbinde an beiden Flügelpaaren unterscheiden. Die Diskalzelle der Vorderflügel ist bei den meisten Exemplaren längs durch eine beschuppte Falte geteilt, diese ist jedoch bei Hemaris syra durch die Diskalzelle, die komplett mit Schuppen bedeckt ist, verdeckt. Dieses Merkmal, sowie ein reduzierter durchsichtiger Bereich auf den Hinterflügeln unterscheidet die Art von Hemaris fuciformis fuciformis, es können jedoch gelegentlich in Griechenland und Italien Individuen dieser Unterart, insbesondere der zweiten Generation, angetroffen werden, die so von Hemaris syra nicht unterscheidbar sind.

Vorkommen und Lebensraum
Die Art ist in der südlichen und östlichen Türkei, dem westlichen Zāgros-Gebirge, dem nördlichen Elbrus im Iran und im Kopet-Dag in Turkmenistan verbreitet. Die Art ist auch im Westen Jordaniens und im nördlichen Israel verbreitet. Es ist denkbar, dass die meisten der Nachweise von Hemaris fuciformis fuciformis aus dem Norden der Türkei möglicherweise falsch bestimmte Exemplare von Hemaris syra darstellen und die Unterart tatsächlich in der Türkei selten ist.

Man findet die Falter in den offenen Resten von ehemaligen Wäldern, insbesondere dort, wo Heckenkirschen (Lonicera) zwischen und über niedrigen Büschen wachsen. Man findet die Art um 1000 Meter Seehöhe im Süden der Türkei und zwischen 1500 und 1600 Metern Seehöhe im Norden Israels.

Lebensweise
Die Falter sind tagaktiv und saugen an Disteln. Sie treten in zwei Generationen pro Jahr auf, die von Mitte Mai bis Mitte Juni und in einer teilweise unvollständigen Generation im August fliegt. Aus Jordanien sind zwei Nachweise von Mitte Juli dokumentiert.

Die Präimaginalstadien, wie auch die Raupennahrungspflanzen sind gänzlich unbekannt. Vermutlich fressen die Raupen jedoch an Heckenkirsche. Parasitoide, die die Art befallen, sind ebenso nicht bekannt.

Taxonomie und Systematik
Die Art wurde von Daniel 1939 zunächst als Haemorrhagia fuciformis syra, damit als Unterart erstbeschrieben. Seine Beschreibung und Illustration legte zunächst nahe, dass es sich dabei um eine Form von Hemaris dentata handelt. Er ging jedoch davon aus, dass die Unterart näher mit Hemaris fuciformis verwandt war, obwohl die Färbung des Thorax und Hinterleibs ihn an Hemaris croatica erinnerten. Danner, Eitschberger & Surholt (1998) betrachteten Hemaris syra als valide Art, waren sich jedoch über ihren tatsächlichen Status unsicher. Kitching & Cadiou (2000) verglichen Hemaris syra, Hemaris fuciformis und Hemaris dentata aus der Türkei und schlossen daraus, dass es sich bei Hemaris syra eventuell um das andere, bis dahin unbekannte Geschlecht von Hemaris dentata handeln könnte. Nach weiteren Fängen konnte man dies jedoch ausschließen und es zeigte sich eine morphologische Nähe zu Hemaris fuciformis. Neuerdings zeigten DNA-Untersuchungen, dass das Taxon zwar nahe mit Hemaris fuciformis verwandt ist, es jedoch ausreichend Unterschiede für den eigenständigen Artstatus gibt.

Die Beschreibung und auch Illustration der von Dubatolov (2003) beschriebenen Unterart Hemaris fuciformis pseudodentata entspricht Hemaris syra und ist entsprechend synonymisiert worden. Zwar verglich Dubatolov sein neu beschriebenes Taxon mit Hemaris dentata und Hemaris fuciformis fuciformis, übersah jedoch Hemaris syra, sodass der Fehler offenkundig ist.

Belege

Einzelnachweise

Schwärmer
Sphingidae


** Haven't used any Ultrasone HP before, but they get a lot of praise in both soundstage and bass. So I must add a note to look at them in here.
Headphones I own or have used: Audio Technica ATH-A700 & M50, Grado SR60i, Sennheiser HD 201, 280, & 595, & Sony MDR-V6.
Hi everyone, here's a list I made for a different forum that I think some people may find useful.
This isnt a very detailed post because its more of a listing of the best overall headphones for their price range w/ small details. Its not very professional in terms of writing as it was done in a short time. As you can see below "are going to be" is used like four times because it was easier. I'll go through and edit it for a bit every now and then.
The list was made for gaming and music listening. The headphones listed won't generally give you the best competitive edge b/c some are listed for their "fun for gaming" traits, such as bass. If you want the competitive edge, the AD700 or A700s are what you might want, but they won't be very fun if you like realistic explosions or lots of bass. There are obviously better headphones, but this is made for the majority, not someone dropping $300+ on their first headphone. Plus, I can't exactly recommend something I've never used. I also think in terms of gaming, there really isn't much point beyond any of these listed headphones.
Before I get started, I'll just list the best of each price point, strictly aimed at the soundstage. These will be the ones you want to gain the most advantages possible.
The HD 201s are going to be your cheapest headphones for around $15-20. They have a pretty decent soundstage for the price.
The HD 202s are going to be a tad bit more by around $5, but they have a better bass overall.
The JVC HA RX700 are going to be your best low range price headphones. Many consider them an excellent bargain and comfortable. You can find them for around $35.
they seem to be a clone (at least externally) of the AKG k240. They seem to have a pretty good bass, as well as an excellent soundstage. So to me, they sound like a very close 2nd to the AD700s for gaming. Quite possibly, if everything holds true, a very good entry headphone for gaming. They can be found on Amazon for under $40.
Overall, the HD 201s are going to be for people wanting the cheapest quality, then HD 202s looking for the cheapest, but with a bit more bass. Both the HD 201 and 202 are fashion acceptable as well. Finally the RX700s are the most expensive of the entry level. They have a well respected sound stage. Most people say it's pretty wide and great for gaming. The RX700s are pretty big tho, so portability is out the window and they're not fashionable. For the best gaming experience, go with the RX700s. For pretty decent gaming abilities, cheapness, and looks, go for the HD 201 or HD 202 depending if you like a more bass oriented sound.
The SRH240s are going to be your $50-55 range headphones, these don't have much bass in them. These are also going to be the only one of the two that can provide any noise isolation, the Sony's really don't for the most part, as the fairly light and don't block out much. They're decent headphones, anyone looking for bass is out of luck for the most part. However, they do look good. People sometimes compare to them Dre Beats, which are commonly accepted to look cool and acceptable to wear in public. A big plus is the soundstage, most users say they're pretty good, not the best, but it's something considering what they bring to the table.
the bottom ones. There's also a problem with the ear cushions ripping, but it's only a cosmetic problem. They don't really noise isolate either, but they do some what. Another upside to them, is that they are fairly light and comfortable.
The SRH440s cans are the higher end model of the SRH240s. The SRH440s has a extended frequency response and a much more balanced response. It also has removable cable, this enables you to replace the cord if broken. It's also a very good LAN feature. The Shure line up will deliver in quality, but I'm unsure of the soundstage compared to the 280s, but they are known to look the best and easily wearable in public.
enough for gaming, but sometimes you might wonder about it sometimes. I've come to think the soundstage is pretty small. They are definitely not designed for a wide soundstage or gaming w/ one. These have a coiled cord on them, which I love, as they dont get tangled. I think they're more of a monitor type with extra bass thrown in, especially when EQed and amped. The upside to them, is that the cord is coiled and they're pretty comfortable for long uses, as well as being pretty good for music outside classical.
headphones, such as the HD 595 IMO. The HD 555/595s are not even worth the price. I'd only get the HD 595s for $60 if offered. I dont usually recommend open headphones for gaming, as theres problems with outside noise and noise leaking from the headphones. But since these headphones have one of the best soundstages around and for the price, they had to be on this list. They also have the same 3D wing design of the A700s, which I own. I believe the padding is considered better, so they are deffinatly great for long periods of gaming. I'd imagine sweat is cut down to due to it being an open design. So if you dont have any problems with outside noise or with noise being leaked, these might just be for you.
The ATH-A700s are just awesome headphones. They have an excellent soundstage, one that rivals the AD700s, but since they are closed, they arent as good in terms of soundstage that is, but extremely close. Very little bass, but when the bass is present you will enjoy it. These headphones are very comfortable, the wing design on them also on the AD700s, basically make the cans float on your head. These are price for about $115-120. Ill also add, these things are big ;o, Im talking, I cant find anything to describe them big, so look at a video for reference. As an added bonus, the cable is braided with cloth or some type of material; It feels high quality. I find them great for music like The Beatles or classical music. If you like bass in your gaming, music or sound, these next two may be for you.
and quality. The D1100 is very comparable to the Beyerdynamic DT770s, however a lot of people who own both say the D1100 has a very unnatural sound to it; kind of synthetic feel to it. The upside, is that it's much more portable than the DT770s and the bass is more punchy. Well worth a look in this price range.
techno, the D110 is probably a good bet in terms of duality for gaming and music. I really want to get my hands on them and maybe own them in the future.
The Creative Aurvana Live! Headphones, are suppose to be similar to the old Denon 1001 headphones, but a cheaper version kind of. In fact, it's been shown they' seem to be almost clones. Search "Creative Aurvana Live! Headphones innerFidelity" on Youtube for a review of them. Suppose to have a good soundstage, a decent enough one to do competitive gaming and enough quantity of bass to enjoy movies. They can be found new for $70 - 100. I'm adding it to my list of wants, along with the XB500, Superlux HD 681s, and Denon 1100. So don't be afraid to grab one of these!
Bonus: $170-200 range - Beyerdynamic DT 770/880/990 32, 80, 250, and 600 ohm.
These headphones are pretty much the best for gaming, in terms of the overall experience, without going into ridiculous priced headphones.
Go to this link for a mega review of all the models, as well as an extensive comparison of them all.
Note: The 250 and 600 ohm (and perhaps the 80) version will need an amp or something with an amp built in, i.e. a stereo receiver or sound card.
Note 2: Different Ohm levels will produce a different version of the sound. Research to find more details; try head-fi.org.
Amps: FiiO E5 (for sound control only) E7, E9, E10, & iBasso series.
If you just want in-line volume control, the FiiO E5 @ $20 is a no brainer, but don't expect it to drive anything.
battery life. If you're looking for a non portable solution, the next product is ideal.
The E9 is a desktop top amp capable of powering just about any headphone. Unlike the E10 that will be mention below, it is quite big. The E9 also doubles as a mount for the E7. This allows the use of both of them at the same time. Like most FiiO amps, it's very neutral sounding. If you have a great sound card, but it doesn't have an amp this is a great add-on. It's also great if you want the look it provides by being a desktop audio controller.
will be my next purchase It is my latest purchase, or should I say, latest hardware (Emailed the company some questions, days later I get a shipping notice. After several emails explaining I did not order them, they send them anyway). It runs for $76~. Personally, I really like. Great build quality, small size, a nice bass boost switch, low/high gain switch, and the sound dial is a great feature. I like it very much as a desktop audio controller. I can definitely notice the quality in my low ohm headphones when then sound is turned up loud; not so much with lower volumes. It is for the most part a neutral amp/dac. I can't overstate how nice it is to control the volume of my PC outside of software. I also have 2.0 speakers near my bed for late night listening, and it's great to turn the E10 all the way up to increase my speakers output level. This way with lower sound videos (some videos have a very low audio level compared to others) I don't have to get up, get on my PC, and then adjust it. I can just turn up my speakers sound easily. Depending on your headphones ohms, I would for sure take it over the E9, considering the size difference.
Note: It cannot be used for console gaming. At least not directly.
The last amp, would be from iBasso. They have a few selections starting around $100+. I would do some independent research on them if you don't want a FiiO amp. Otherwise most people will be good with an E7 or E10. I've read they favor bass, but I'm not entirely sure. They do have some nice features on them tho. When getting an amp, make sure it supports your headphones Ohms. As long as it's not a 600Ohm model, it probably does.
There's probably other amps missing worth noting, but I'm limited in this subject for the most part.
DACs: The DAC is basically the sound input. It's where you put your 3.5mm or w/e size jack into your laptop. Laptops generally have terrible DACs. Majority of aftermarket sound cards are just DACs with surround sound input and custom Windows drivers like EAX. Other than sound cards, I really don't know much about good DACs. It'd be something to look up on head-fi, but generally you can get a good internal sound card for $50~. I however just recommend spending a bit more for something like the FiiO E10, which doubles as an "external sound card".
point. Ex. A) 1,2,3 B) 1,2,3; A.3 may not be better than A.1 however, B.1 is better than A.1 - 3.
I can guarantee you that these will perform better in every category then any gaming headset.
pointed out above details on this.
writing, you know why. I may try and spiffy it up every now and then and add details as I use these and other headphones more.
This list is more so you know what headphones to look at, I just provided a very brief background on them that most people can understand.
Nice! I have the A700s (my first 'real' headphones) and I always keep going back to them.


text:
UK set to slip in EU pension rankings
By Kate Donovan	 8th January 2007 12:20 pm 3rd November 2015 6:33 pm
The UK is set to slip down the league table of pension rankings for countries in the European Union despite plans to extend private pensions through the introduction of personal accounts.
The UK's situation is set to get worse before the proposed system of personal accounts are introduced in 2012.
The UK was ranked in sixth place overall out of 25 EU countries in Aon Consulting's 2006 European Pensions Barometer Report, where the categories were: demography, adequacy of state pension, affordability and sustainability and company pensions. Its state pension was found to be the poorest in Europe. Overall first place went to Denmark, the country with most favourable pension conditions.
The report, which suggests that governments need to encourage later retirement and ensure the growth of private pensions in order to address pension problems in Europe, revealed that the UK's strong company pensions are compensating for inadequate state pensions.
Donald Duval, chief actuary at Aon Consulting UK, said: "The UK government has recently announced plans to extend the provision of private pensions through Personal Accounts. However, these plans will not start to come into effect until 2012 and in the meantime company pension schemes will continue to decline. The UK state pension is currently the poorest in Europe, and that is unlikely to change in the near future. In combination, these factors mean that the UK is likely to slip further down the ranking of EU pensions systems in future."
The ageing population of EU countries was also highlighted as creating a dilemma between the adequacy and affordability of state pensions. In most EU countries, old age pensions are now the single biggest item of government expenditure. The report found that countries in the most favourable position are those where the majority of people between aged 55 and 64 years are contributing to the economy, not drawing from it.
Extending private pension provision is key to a number of European countries' strong positions on the Barometer. Countries such as the UK, with a tradition of strong funded pensions through corporate defined benefit schemes, might find their position threatened as companies withdraw from these schemes due to their high cost and the unfavourable regulatory environment.
Duval added: "So far as the EU as a whole is concerned, the influx of new member states to the EU and increase in cross-border migration will add to the challenges of providing adequate retirement income for citizens. Ultimately, reforms to pension systems need to target two key issues – lifting state retirement ages and increasing private pension provision."
Orange launches bikes for work
8th January 2007 12:00 am 3rd November 2015 1:40 pm
WH Smith consults on closing defined benefit scheme
10th January 2007 2:26 pm 3rd November 2015 6:33 pm
news Benefits for carers
Acas settles on childcare vouchers
1st January 2007 12:00 am 12th April 2017 1:04 pm
Cambridgeshire County Council develops total reward
Baker leaves for Tarmac


Some people with MS experience sight problems, the two most common eye movement problems are double vision (diplopia) and involuntary eye movements (nystagmus).
If your eyes aren't working perfectly together, then you may see double. a single object may appear as two objects.
They may be side by side or one on top of another. Sometimes one of the images may appear tilted.
Many people with MS who have nystagmus don't realise they have it, as the movement has little or no effect on their vision.


text:
Q: Extending generics in Swift? I'm trying to extend Array<T> in Swift to add a function that calls self.append. The problem is that Swift won't seem to let me do that - when I try the following code:
extension Array {
    mutating func AppendObj<T>(obj: T) {
        //...
        self.append(obj);
    }
}

it says 'T' is not convertable to 'T,' which I assume means that the 'T' the underlying Array is using might be different than the T passed to AppendObj. It also won't allow me to use extension Array<T> ("use of undeclared type T").
Is it possible to extend & use generic structs/methods in Swift? Thanks!

A: You shouldn't specify generics for the function, it overrides the existing template. Just leave it out:
extension Array {
    mutating func AppendObj(obj: T) {
        //...
        self.append(obj);
    }
}


text:
La rue des Bons-Vivants est une voie piétonne souterraine située dans le  de Paris, en France.

Situation et accès
La rue des Bons-Vivants est située entre la rue Basse et la place Basse d'une part, et le palier de la porte Rambuteau, d'autre part, au niveau – 3 du secteur Forum Central des Halles (Forum des Halles).

Origine du nom

Historique

Cette voie a été créée lors de l'aménagement du secteur Forum Central des Halles (Forum des Halles).

La rue des Bons-Vivants a été dénommée par l'arrêté municipal du .

Notes, sources et références

Annexes

Article connexe
 Liste des voies du  arrondissement de Paris

Lien externe
 Rue des Bons-Vivants (mairie de Paris)

Bons-Vivants, Rue des

Bons-Vivants, Rue des


Use the famous book written by Dr. Seuss "Oh the Places You'll Go" as an introductory discussion for this month's theme. The book is all about potential, possibilities and believing in yourself.
Consider reading the text aloud in small groups and stopping after each paragraph to summarize and discuss. You'll be surprised what great wisdom comes from this classic children's book!
When you've finished reading and discussing in small groups, try asking each person to share one insight from the book they learned tonight.


It was early March, and President Donald Trump had a dramatic plan: impose a new round of import tariffs on America's largest trading partner, China. But in meeting after meeting, his aides warned just how costly the move could be. It would hurt U.S. workers and slice into the stock market, they said. It didn't have the backing of fellow Republicans. It would be bad politics for a party facing tough odds in November's elections. They reminded him that the global aluminum and steel tariffs he imposed earlier in the month had led European allies to prepare retaliatory moves and had prompted the White House's chief economic adviser to resign. Who knew what unintended consequences this new plan might unleash?
The President nodded along, now and then mumbling an O.K., and the White House aides thought they had prevailed. But in the middle of the month, they were summoned to hear from the President again: he wanted $30 billion in tariffs on Chinese products. Hours later, the staffers read that Trump had doubled the figure to $60 billion.
Welcome to Season 2 of the Trump Show, to borrow a phrase from one of his veteran aides. Fed up with experts and advisers and increasingly comfortable in the job, Trump is determined to do things his way. "The President feels he's got this now," says one White House official, who does not share his confidence.
The impact of an emboldened Trump goes well beyond a possible trade war. On March 13, Trump fired Secretary of State Rex Tillerson with a tweet, replacing him with hard-line CIA chief Mike Pompeo. Three days later, his goading helped drive Attorney General Jeff Sessions to fire FBI deputy director Andrew McCabe, who previously oversaw the bureau's investigations into the Trump campaign's ties to Russia. Trump's subsequent tweets attacking Robert Mueller by name for the first time raised fears the President might fire the special counsel and trigger a constitutional crisis.
Inside the White House, the mix of high-impact policy moves and high-profile personnel changes is taking its toll. Conversations with more than two dozen current and former Administration officials during the past month reveal a White House in the grip of anxiety as staffers fear the next email or phone call could bring word they're being fired too. Some have taken to asking reporters about rumored staff changes, suspecting journalists will know before those running the government. More worrying: Trump's own aides fear the fallout for the country and the world that may result as he tests the limits of the power of the presidency.
Secretary of State Rex Tillerson pauses while speaking at the State Department in Washington on March 13, 2018.
Trump has always preferred a chaotic workplace. But his confidence in the Oval Office is new. When he won the White House–back when no one in his orbit had pleaded guilty, Mueller was at a white-shoe law firm and liberals still blamed then-FBI Director James Comey for Hillary Clinton's loss–Trump decided he needed some experience around him. He had been a successful businessman, but as the head of a privately held real estate empire, he'd never suffered a board of directors or oversight of stockholders. Moreover, he knew he was the first Commander in Chief not to have previously served in government or the military. So Trump hired a flight of experienced Washington hands to help guide him. They were the guardrails of his presidency.
And Trump hated it. These men–and they were largely men–told him, often in charts and pictures, why his preferred actions were dangerous. Sometimes they were right. But in recent weeks, Trump has focused more on decisions where their dire predictions haven't come true, aides say. They told him that moving the U.S. embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem would cause lasting chaos in the Middle East. (It did not.) They warned him that tariffs on steel and aluminum would spark a trade war with Europe. (It wasn't as bad as they had feared.) They warned that a debt-heavy tax-cut package would spook investors. (Wall Street is booming, although investors are warning clients that a reckoning is coming.) These advisers–"the so-called experts," Trump mockingly labeled them–had all been proven wrong, he said. Why, he wondered aloud, was he listening to them?
And over time, the guardrails gave way. Trump ditched some of the staffers. Gone was the first chief of staff, Reince Priebus, along with several of his deputies. Tillerson was his boldest firing yet. Others were forced out by scandal or by Trump's order-seeking chief of staff, retired Marine General John Kelly. Rob Porter, the White House staff secretary–the Administration's traffic cop for top-secret and other files–was pushed out when the public learned he had been accused of abusing his ex-wives. The President's personal aide, once a YouTube viral video star with a knack for trick throws of footballs and a reported penchant for online gambling, was sent packing soon after, but he landed a new gig at the Trump 2020 campaign.
Then there is the departure of Hope Hicks, Trump's top media strategist, who was tired of working in a windowless closet within shouting distance of the Oval Office. As much as anyone, she had been able to influence the President, and White House officials worried that her departure could leave Trump unmoored. Top economic adviser Gary Cohn resigned after losing an internal fight over metals tariffs. On March 19, the President roiled his legal team, adding well-known Washington lawyer Joseph diGenova, who had accused the FBI and Justice Department of conspiring against the President.
To hear Administration officials tell it, the exodus is only beginning. Lieutenants to Kelly and National Security Adviser H.R. McMaster, two of the most experienced remaining advisers, expect their bosses to depart shortly. That would leave Trump alone at center stage. More confident in his ability to run a country, Trump wants to surround himself with people he likes, say aides. That increasingly means people he likes on television. To fill Cohn's spot, Trump hired Larry Kudlow, a onetime junior aide to President Ronald Reagan and a regular on CNBC, as his top economic adviser. He promoted the Columbia-educated former Fox and Friends anchor Heather Nauert to the top public diplomacy post at the State Department. Trump is eyeing another Fox contributor, Pete Hegseth, to take over the troubled Department of Veterans Affairs.
White House Communications Director Hope Hicks leaves after attending the House Intelligence Committee closed door meeting in Washington on Feb. 27, 2018.
No staff change could have a greater impact than the removal of Mueller, but Trump has shown he is increasingly frustrated by the special counsel's probe, which has reportedly delved into the President's business records. "If you had been attacked mercilessly and continuously," press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders explained March 20, describing her boss's mood, "and literally, every day you wake up to an onslaught of people saying that you're there because of reasons that are completely false, that's frustrating." Even Trump's most loyal pals worry he will respond to that perceived attack by firing Mueller. "That would be the beginning of the end," predicted Republican Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, a golf partner to the President. "That would be the stupidest thing the President could do," added GOP Senator Orrin Hatch of Utah, a reliable ally.
Maybe Trump's increasing theatrics don't matter. Maybe he can thrash about the White House–offending his nominal friends, enraging America's allies and spooking the financial markets–without doing much lasting damage. Trump's supporters point to steadying forces around him, like Defense Secretary Jim Mattis and first daughter Ivanka Trump. But these same voices previously cited Tillerson and Cohn in the same role. Now both have departed, and Kelly and McMaster might not be far behind. "It's no secret the President is not a patient man. Now, he's really out of patience and will be doing things his way," says one Republican on Capitol Hill. "The President tried it their way and didn't like what he was seeing." What comes next will make for edge-of-your-seat viewing. But it brings real risks.


Hard points for a hard knuckle! This is the Heavy Duty Paperweight Buckle and Knuckle with a Camo finish. This knuckle comes complete with four finger holes which can fit almost any size fingers. The handle is thread wrapped rope grip for an extra comfortable and snug fit. This is truly a collectors piece.
Overall Length: 4.25 Inches. Construction: Aluminum, Wrapped. Finish: Camo. Finger Hole Size: 1.1 Inches Oval.


Zweig Group's newest managerial resource, Job Descriptions and Organizational Charts for A/E/P & Environmental Consulting Firms, second edition, aims to help firm leaders answer that all-important question: What's in a name (or job title)? And, the publication takes its analysis a step further, offering dozens of organizational, office, and departmental charts depicting where those titles should fall in a firm's overall hierarchy.
Architectural, engineering, planning (A/E/P) and environmental firms are living organizations. Ongoing advancements in materials and technologies require evolving companies to create positions that can serve the needs of increasingly advanced client-bases. This second edition updates Zweig Group's original A/E Job Descriptions (2003) with job titles such as BIM CAD manager, BIM coordinator, BIM manager, and BIM specialist. Inclusion of these technologically specific positions helps determine the positions that firm leaders might need to add to best serve their clients.
The book is divided by disciplines, including architecture, computer aided drafting, clerical and administrative, construction and inspection, engineering, environmental, finance and accounting, human resources, information technology, interiors, landscape architecture and planning, marketing, operations, project management, surveying and GIS, and top management. Each job description lays out the duties; experience; education; and knowledge, skills, and abilities that are required and/or preferred to successfully complete the work (see Figure 1).
Each discipline is marked by tabbed pages so that readers can easily find the information they need without returning to the contents page. The most recent average salaries for several positions, as determined by respondents to Zweig Group's 2016 Salary Surveys, are provided within the book.
In addition to more than 300 job descriptions, Job Descriptions and Organizational Charts for A/E/P & Environmental Consulting Firms, second edition, also includes more than 60 organizational charts for firms, offices, and departments, denoted by discipline and staff size. The publication serves as a benchmark for determining where to place people within the organization or its offices and departments. Note that all of the listings and charts are used by real-world firms.
Job Descriptions and Organizational Charts for A/E/P & Environmental Consulting Firms, second edition, is available for purchase ($250 print/$150 digital) at zweiggroup.com/store.
Andrea Bennett is research & publications manager for Zweig Group. She can be contacted at research@zweiggroup.com.


This is a quick post on how I fared this week. Is this week 1 progress or not? Pretty darn good progress I'd say! No, really, I am quite impressed with how I feel at the end of 6 days, and how I felt everyday and well, what my scale is telling me right now.
If you've just landed here and have no clue what am talking about, please check this post for the introduction and come back to read this one.
Also, I was randomly checking Pocket, and I fell upon this NPR article where they suggest Slow-Carbs and my jaw literally dropped on the coincidence – of course, they say use grains etc, which I will eventually add into the diet once I drop 30 pounds, but that was serendipitous! Down to the exact date! January 21st 2019!
This is my food log, just listed as simply as possible. I didn't bother with MyFitnessPal and count calories or worry about percentages of macros and how I break them and distribute my foods. Honestly, it's a HUGE relief.
As you can tell, I skirted the rules a bit. I ate vegetables. Not a lot of cruciferous, like cabbage and broccoli, as suggested, but just vegetables. Low carb vegetables that I usually have in my refrigerator. I also ate lentils, and all kinds,. Moong and Urad are the two I consumed and I alternated them with Kidney beans and Chick peas. I stuck to almond milk, and i did eat a KIND bar a day. The latter is processed, but I felt guilty about not throwing some protein down my throat. I did stay away from dairy consistently tho, so am feeling good about that. So yes, this is Week 1 Progress alright!
Monday: I was starving by 10 am and I gobbled one KIND bar and also raided a colleague's stash and gulped down a pack of nuts and raisins. Yep. I was starving, despite the 1 egg, 2 egg white omelet. No clue why. The whole afternoon and evening went that way, busy day, and I can easily say it was a washout.
Tuesday: I got hungry again by 11 am. I realize this is back to my old self days, when am the hungriest in the mornings. KIND bar was had and then came home and had soup and salad. Felt lighter, strangely, but I did feel full after dinner, as I forced myself to have more water.
Wednesday: Woke up and stood on the scale and I had lost 2.5 pounds. That was weird, but I'll take it. Incredibly busy day. I changed it up and didn't have any egg, but had a very heavy filling unfermented urad dal dosa. Only urad dal, no rice. It was filling, and I had a long day, so I got to eat a KIND bar at 12.30 and then a chipotle salad (no rice and no cheese) bowl at 1.30 pm with a friend. I came home stuffed and was not hungry one bit. Didn't have a snack either, ate a bowl of chole and a bowl of salad at 7.30 and am feelin' fiiiiinee!
Thursday: It was a full day again and I overslept so didn't get breakfast in. Had some coffee and ran for a meeting at 9.30, but I did eat a KIND bar and some cheese crackers. These Snyder's Cheese crackers are amazing! Yes, they are processed, but as I said, am not restricting myself too much. I feel fine.In fact, I feel full.
Friday: Another busy day on feet and I managed to stay on track. Prepping salads ahead of time and also made spinach – masoor daal (lentils) and had it as a soup. Hunger is at bay. Was at a dance event and it was late and I ate 2 small slices of cheese, and skipped the fruit. In a parallel universe within my head, I believed cheese was ok to have. Sigh. It wasn't.
All the foods that I have had thus far.
Woke up and weighed myself in and I was 2.5 pounds lighter. I wasn't super excited to eat anything in particular, I tried, and wiled myself to want, but despite all the wishing and willing, I only forced myself to eat a Tres Leches at Guapos after a nice sizzling hot vegetable fajita and I couldn't even finish it. So much for cheat day binging! I did eat some rice which felt good, but honestly, I think the cravings were at bay. Ive been low carb awhile, so I don't suppose I wanted to eat lots and variety.
I am still working my way through the food part of the book, but the 29 page summary has become a go-to mostly. There aren't many articles/posts/reviews of this kind of eating on the net, but so far, I believe this will not hurt me. I miss dairy for sure, but maybe once a week is enough. Gotta give up something for a while, and I honestly don't miss rice, and didn't really care for pasta much anyway.
I haven't started on any supplements either, but I plan to add Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium starting in Week 2, that is Sunday. Yoga and walking in the water will continue into next week, and I'll be adding some strength training at least twice a week. The gym's got a couple classes I'd like to enroll in, so am going to try them out to see how my body reacts and adjusts.
If you are wondering how I could jump ship and go from extreme weighing and calculating grams and fat and calories, well, that's exactly how one should do things, don't you think? Know that you deserve better, and are continuously willing to push boundaries so you find the path to your goal.
Have faith, take a deep breath and just leap.
Next articleThe 5 Nugget eBook is here and so is the 2019 reveal!


Morgan Glover (10) talks with assistant coach Shana Madura during Thursday's game against Green Bay.
Northern Kentucky hosted Green Bay in a doubleheader Friday afternoon to begin their final homestand of the season.
Six Norse players did not dress for either game.
"Six players sat out due to a violation of team rules," said Chloe Smith, the Assistant Athletic Communications Director said. Head coach Kathryn Gleason chose not to comment.
Friday's game was the "Strikeout Cancer" game.
Friday's double header was originally scheduled for Saturday afternoon, but was pushed up a day due to expected inclement weather.
Katie Rossman started for the Phoenix and Ashlynn Roberts started for the Norse. Each pitcher allowed only two hits through the first two innings.
The Norse threatened in the bottom half of the third with a leadoff walk by Toree Stalker, followed by a double by Sydney Ferrante to put runners on second and third with nobody out.
The Norse were unable to plate either runner, as Rossman recorded three straight outs to end the inning.
In the top of the fourth, the Phoenix took the lead on a leadoff home run by Allie Taylor, her fifth of the year.
For three straight innings, NKU had two runners on base, but Rossman escaped the jam each time.
The Norse battled back in the bottom of the sixth, with a double by Isabella Alexander and a bunt single for Rossiter to put runners on the corners with no outs.
NKU scored its first run of the game off a stolen base from Rossiter where the second baseman threw over to pick off Alexander at third, but a wild throw allowed her to score and move Rossiter to third, tying the game at one.
The Norse attempted a squeeze play but were unsuccessful. Eventually getting out of the inning with only one run.
NKU threatened again in the bottom of the seventh after a leadoff single by Ava Lawson, but could not push across a run.
In extra innings, the Phoenix took control quickly. A leadoff walk and an infield single put runners on first and second with no outs.
One out and one walk later, the bases were loaded when Breannan Engel singled to left to give the Phoenix the lead 2-1.
The Phoenix mustered up three more hits in the inning to make it 5-1.
The Norse went down quickly in the home half of the eighth to drop the first game of the doubleheader.
Ava Lawson had three hits including a double, while Isabell Alexander had two hits and a double of her own.
A lightning delay pushed the start time of game two back an hour.
Ashlynn Roberts took to the circle once again after taking the loss in game one.
The Phoenix struck quickly in the third, pouring in three runs on three hits. A groundout by Abby Brinkmeyer scored the first run and two RBI singles by Ostad and Taylor extended the lead to 3-0.
The Norse were able to plate a run in the bottom of the third thanks to an RBI single from Ava Lawson to score Kailey Rossiter, and make the score 3-1.
After three innings, severe weather came into the area and the game was delayed. The game will be continued Saturday at noon, the senior game starting at approximately 1:30 p.m.


Tenor (also known as 10.or), the Amazon India smartphone brand has started notifying its users about the Android Oreo update rollout to its smartphones. Tenor has now stated that it will be updating its devices to Android Oreo in July 2018. The company has revealed this news via an SMS to the Tenor smartphone users. "Our Android Oreo update to 10.or devices is coming in July! Here's assuring you of our continued commitment to regular updates," said the company. However, it did not state which devices will receive the update. As of now, Tenor launched three smartphones in the Indian market- Tenor E, Tenor G and Tenor D. All the three devices are available for purchase under Rs 10,000.
All the three devices are currently running Android Nougat, but in July 2018, they'll be bumped to Android Oreo. For the unaware, Tenor is the only brand which went after Xiaomi in the value for money aspect last year. The Tenor G was introduced as an affordable option to the Xiaomi Mi A1, the Tenor E competed with the Xiaomi Redmi 4 back then, while the Tenor D was introduced to steal the thunder from the Xiaomi Redmi 5A aka Desk Ka Smartphone.
Since its last launch of Tenor D in December last year, the company maintained silence without any new launches. Also, on the brighter side, all the Tenor smartphones boot near stock Android Nougat with subtle customisations here and there. The Android 8.0 Oreo update will add more value to the smartphones.
Popular research firm, CyberMedia Research (CMR), earlier this year stated Tenor as one of the emerging smartphone brands of 2017 alongside the likes of Comio and NUU Mobile.
Tenor is yet to launch a new smartphone in the Indian market this year, but hopefully, it changes in the coming days. For those who're interested in picking up a Tenor smartphone, head over to Amazon India website. The Tenor D with Snapdragon 425 SoC starts at Rs 4,999; the Tenor E with Snapdragon 430 SoC is currently retailing for Rs 5,999 and Rs 6,999 and lastly, the Tenor G with Snapdragon 626 SoC now starts at just Rs 7,999.


The Broncos are reportedly not planning on quarterback Peyton Manning returning to Denver.
Peyton Manning has not yet announced whether he will retire after his 18th NFL season, but if he chooses to continue playing it will reportedly not be for the Denver Broncos.
Alex Marvez of Fox Sports reports the Broncos are planning on parting ways with the 39-year-old quarterback. As the team's front office calculates how much money it can spend on off-season contract negotiations without hitting the salary cap, it is reportedly not counting Manning's $19 million salary against that number.
On Saturday, Woody Paige of The Denver Post reported Manning was expected to make a decision on his NFL future within a week, and that he was likely to choose retirement. His 2016 salary becomes guaranteed on March 9, setting an unofficial deadline for his announcement.
Paige reported it was "implausible" Manning would sign a one-year contract with another team.
Quarterback Brock Osweiler, who made seven starts in 2015 when Manning was injured, will become a free agent this off-season along with linebacker Von Miller and defensive tackle Malik Jackson. Getting Manning's salary off the books will free up more money for the Broncos to spend on those players.


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Q: FloatingActionButton appears to be a square on lollipop instead of circular on the android studio preview I'm a newbie to material theme. I'm using android studio and I've been trying to add a floating action button but unfortunately it appears to be a square on the preview on lollipop on my work PC. This is really strange because on my macbook at home the preview shows up as a circular floating action button.
I have added the support library lines on to the gradle as well but I still have no luck. I downloaded the famous cheesesquare example from the github with all the support library demos and it seems to work fine.
also another issue is that the autocompletion seems to fail inside the xml tags on floating action button
Any help would be much appreciated.

A: The design support library update fixed it!


Discussion in 'Support' started by erik, Feb 11, 2013.
Very nice and well-written article, thank you for posting Erik!
I can relate, I am well on my way to habituation after only 6 months and hope one day I will completely ignore this sound. The situation when my T bothers me the most is when sleeping on a side with my head against the pillow. It took some time to get used to it but now I can even sleep on the side back again. For comparison, in the beginning I could only sleep on the back with white noise mp3 on, and even then I would only get like 3-4 hours of sleep. Now my T has close to no effect on my sleep. I think it is a measurable improvement!
I relate too, pretty well describes me most of the time.
Like Fish, I can sleep with my ear against the pillow, even though it amplifies the tinnitus ten-fold. Most nights I just don't give a crap and can go asleep anyway - without any accompanying masking or sound enrichment for that matter.
These sort of articles are great in that they give proper hope for those who are currently going through the first phase, the phase that one usually struggles the most at.
Still, it's no fun and definitely lowers the quality of life for me on average. After acquiring tinnitus I think I've become more prone to stress and anxiety overall. But, I cope.
Fish, glad to see your doing well. Markku, I just want to post positive tinnitus articles when I see them....they are far and few in between.
I think that loudness and pitch of the sound(s) has a lot to do with "getting used to it". The louder and higher pitched sound is much harder to habituate to IMO. Erik, how would you describe your T?
I think this too and also the type of sound affects it, like if it moves up and down, in and out rather than being constant. Jastreboff says not though, says its immaterial.
Hey Stan. My T is like crickets and is constantly there but the volume fluctuates from day to day. Some days its low all day, some days its way up there and some days in between somewhere or a combination of low and high. Last 2 days it was pretty low. Today, its much higher and much more noticeable, pretty much over all other sounds right now. When it is low, yes it is definitely easy to ignore and I can do that hours at a time, when it is high like today, I hear it pretty much constantly and other than the annoying factor, I can still function pretty much normally.


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Halo Reach Oni Sword Base Legendary Guide
By Ali Aizaz Dec 5, 2019 Share
The 2nd playable mission of Halo Reach takes place near and on an Office of Naval Intelligence base as Noble Team has to make their way in. This Halo Reach Oni Sword Base Legendary guide will help you complete this Halo Reach MCC mission on the highest difficulty on PC.
Halo Reach Oni Sword Base
The first part of the Oni Sword Base mission requires you to kill two vehicles with a single shot from the target locator, near the start of the first two Wraiths you encounter. This is going to get you the Two Corpses in One Grave achievement.
There is a checkpoint after the fight which is important as now you are going to grab the locator from the tunnel and move to the hill.
Destroy it when you see the Wraiths coming and use the checkpoint to redo if you fail.
Once you have reset the game at Legendary, you have to start with wiping out the courtyard. Get the locator from the bulkhead area. You are going to see the Wraiths coming your way.
Use the target locator in order to take them out or you can just get out of the area. On your way out, you are going to encounter Grunts.
Take them out and capture the vehicle by killing the Grunt in the Ghost. Now go to the building with the antenna over it and take out the enemies.
While you are doing this, a ship is going to fly over the building just to drop off a mass of enemies.
To save yourself from the chaos, be quick in dealing with the first batch of enemies, using the target locator, and move to the base of the building.
Once you have cleared out the area, go to the roof of the building and find and activate the button.
Try to move out of the building in the Ghost once you have cleared the area as soon, another batch of enemies is going to come your way.
You have to reach to the next waypoint in the Ghost and stop before the space with two wooden structures.
Use your Ghost to go to the backside of the building and head to the roof to activate the button. You have to do this quickly before the area is locked down by the enemies.
Once you have activated the button, hop back in the Ghost and head back to the base you just came from.
If you have successfully activated both the buttons on the rooftop then you are going to get a 'Return to Base' update.
Head back to the area where you got your Ghost earlier in MCC Oni Sword Base mission from and search for a Rocket Launcher in that area. You are going to find it next to a boulder.
Get it but keep the Target Locator as your secondary weapon. Once you have got the Rocket Launcher in your hands, get inside the doors to activate the button found at the left.
You have to save yourself from the mortar blasts and reach inside securely.
Get to the courtyard, where you were when the mission began. You have to fire at the pathway which takes you up to the courtyard. You have to kill the enemies with the blast you are about to create.
You can enter the area and fight the enemies face to face as well. Obviously, the former plan is much easier and quicker. This is going to get you a Killionaire medal.
In the open base, you are going to encounter two Hunters, and here you are going to use your Rocket Launcher. These hunters are going to come at you simultaneously soo you have to take care of them by using a strategy.
You cannot stay back and try to kill them as they are going to hide behind their shields.
Once you are through with them, go to the elevator by activating the orange waypoint.
You are going to come across some enemies and are also going to get a Concussion Rifle from an Elite which is going to help you reach the bridge from the courtyard.
You have to reach the top area and enter the room which is going to get you 'Secure Breach and Eliminate Air Forces' objective. On your right side, you are also going to find a Rocket Launcher.
In the hall next to it, there are two Jackals and an open doorway to the right with Banshees and Phantoms flying around.
You are going to use your Rocket Launcher in order to take down the Banshees and Phantoms and finish your Halo Reach PC mission with it.
How to Turn Off Anti-Cheat in Halo Reach
Halo Reach Winter Contingency Legendary Guide


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Source License
Tony McGuinness
AprilApr 23, 1969
AprilApr 23, 1969 (age 52)
April 23 DJ#6
Taurus Named Tony#33
Last Name McGuinness#9
52 Year Old DJ#8
Famous for his work with the electronic trance and dance music group Above & Beyond, this DJ, music producer, and musician also wrote songs and played guitar for an indie band called Sad Lovers & Giants.
Early in his career, he recorded three albums with Sad Lovers & Giants: Headland, Treehouse Poetry, and Meeting in the Fullness of Time.
He collaborated with the Anjunabeats on a hit remix of the Chakra song "Home."
He and his brother Liam formed an electronic music duo called Nitromethane.
During his time as director of the Warner Music Group's marketing department, he received accolades for his publicity campaigns on behalf of Mike Oldfield, Seal, and Madonna.
Tony McGuinness Popularity
Tony McGuinness Is A Member Of
First Name Tony
Tony McGuinness Fans Also Viewed
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Chase Hudson


text:
Q: Stepper - Angular Material - Cannot read property 'markForCheck' of undefined Can't get the angular material stepper fine. The stepper display as asked and when clicked on the header is moving, but an error come and say:

Cannot read property markForCheck of undefined

Also when i want to use the buttons directives throw an error like,

Cannot read property previous of undefined

Maybe some help
Code:
I just copy paste the default code from the angular material page:
https://material.angular.io/components/stepper/overview
I load angular material in an child module from my main.
Maybe the lazy loading cause this problem ?
Version:
"@angular/animations": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/cdk": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/common": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/compiler": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/compiler-cli": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/core": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/forms": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/http": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/material": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/platform-browser": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/platform-server": "^5.1.2",
"@angular/router": "^5.1.2",
"@ng-bootstrap/ng-bootstrap": "^1.0.0-alpha.25",
"@ngui/auto-complete": "^0.16.0",
"@swimlane/ngx-charts": "^6.1.0",
"@types/file-saver": "0.0.1",
"@types/lodash": "^4.14.73",
"angular-2-data-table": "^0.1.2",
"angular-datatables": "^4.2.0",
"angular2-datatable": "^0.6.0",
"angular2-multiselect-dropdown": "^1.3.6",
"angular2-promise-buttons": "^2.0.1",
"chart.js": "^2.7.0",
"core-js": "^2.4.1",
"d3": "^4.11.0",
"datatables.net": "^1.10.15",
"datatables.net-buttons": "^1.5.1",
"datatables.net-buttons-dt": "^1.5.1",
"datatables.net-dt": "^1.10.15",
"file-saver": "^1.3.3",
"hammerjs": "^2.0.8",
"jquery": "^3.2.1",
"lodash": "^4.17.4",
"ng2-charts": "^1.6.0",
"ng2-pdf-viewer": "^1.2.2",
"ng2-slimscroll": "^2.0.1",
"ngx-chips": "^1.6.2",
"ngx-cookie-service": "^1.0.7",
"ngx-dropzone-wrapper": "^4.6.0",
"rxjs": "^5.5.6",
"sweetalert2": "^6.6.8",
"web-animations-js": "^2.3.1",
"xlsx": "^0.11.5",
"zone.js": "^0.8.16"

Stephane

A: I had the same issue when transpiling my typescript to es6. Chrome didn't seem to recognise es6 modules and so the necessary imports were not loaded for material's stepper.
Check your tsconfig.json (not the tsconfig.app.json) Are you transpiling your typescript to es6? if so, you can change that to es5, it works now for me
tsconfig.json
{
  ...
  "compilerOptions": {
    ...
    "target": "es5",
    ...
  }
}

A: Using the --aot option makes the errors dissappear, dont know why.

A: I'm having the same issue, changing the target in the tsconfig.json did not work for me. However, the vertical stepper works without any issue.
`<mat-vertical-stepper>`


Many believe that the only way to tackle climate change is through a global approach, but compliance to global emissions treaties is uneven and the system can be gamed. However, a 2009 World Bank working paper by Nobel Laureate Elinor Ostrom suggests that taking a "polycentric" approach might be more effective because it could reach more stakeholders, increase cooperation, and accelerate a response to climate change. Roughly speaking, a polycentric approach to climate change means a bottom-up, distributed effort lead by local, participatory multi-stakeholder groups that adds up to substantial change at a global level.
Such an approach is epitomized by Dortmund, Germany's Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency Consultancy ("Konsultationskreis Energieeffizienz und Klimaschutz") or "kek fora." According to the European Cultural Foundation's Build the City report, kek is designed to ensure broadly inclusive and participatory processes, involving city departments, utilities, business groups, nonprofits, and local citizens, all led by the city's mayor. ICLEI's case study #171, about Dortmund's energy transition work featuring kek, lists over 50 measures organized into six categories of action: energy efficiency, renewables and supply, efficiency retrofitting, community building and urban development, mobility, and cross-structural cooperation. The representative and coordinating functions of kek are essential. In only its first three years, kek completed 18 unique measures, initiated 34 new measures, and designed an energy transition master plan that seeks a 40 percent reduction in C02 emissions by 2020.