text:
The Politics of Children's Literature: What's Wrong with the Rosa Parks Myth
Article. By Herbert Kohl.
A critical analysis that challenges the myths in children's books about Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Time Periods: 20th Century, People's Movement: 1961 - 1974
Themes: African American, Civil Rights Movements, Education, Women's History
Download to Read in Full
Most books leave out the story of the 381-day bus boycott involving thousands of people.
Issues of racism and direct confrontation between African American and European American people in the United States are usually considered too sensitive to be dealt with directly in the elementary school classroom. When African Americans and European Americans are involved in confrontation in children's texts, the situation is routinely described as a problem between individuals that can be worked out on a personal basis. In the few cases where racism is addressed as a social problem, there has to be a happy ending.
Most books show Rosa Parks on her own and leave out her role with the NAACP and her trips to the Highlander Center. (Pictured here with freedom school educator Septima Clark.)
This is most readily apparent in the biographical treatment of Rosa Parks, one of the two names that most children associate with the Civil Rights Movement, the other being Martin Luther King Jr. The image of "Rosa Parks the Tired" exists on the level of a national cultural icon. Dozens of children's books and textbooks present the same version of what might be called "Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott."
Jo Ann Gibson Robinson was one of the main organizers of the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
This version can be synthesized as follows:
Rosa Parks was a poor seamstress. She lived in Montgomery, Ala., during the 1950s. In those days there was still segregation in parts of the United States. That meant that African Americans and European Americans were not allowed to use the same public facilities such as restaurants or swimming pools. It also meant that whenever the city buses were crowded, African Americans had to give up seats in front to European Americans and move to the back of the bus.
One day on her way home from work Rosa was tired and sat down in the front of the bus. As the bus got crowded she was asked to give up her seat to a European American man, and she refused. The bus driver told her she had to go to the back of the bus, and she still refused to move. It was a hot day, she was tired and angry, and she became very stubborn.
The driver called a policeman, who arrested Rosa. When other African Americans in Montgomery heard this, they became angry too, so they decided to refuse to ride the buses until everyone was allowed to ride together. They boycotted the buses. The boycott, which was led by Martin Luther King Jr., succeeded. Now African Americans and European Americans can ride the buses together in Montgomery. Rosa Parks was a very brave person.
This story seems innocent enough. Rosa Parks is treated with respect, and the African American community is given credit for running the boycott and winning the struggle. On closer examination, however, this version reveals some distressing characteristics that serve to turn a carefully planned movement for social change into a spontaneous outburst based upon frustration and anger.
The following annotations on the previous summary suggest that we need a new story, one not only more in line with the truth but one that shows the organizational skills and determination of the African American community in Montgomery and the role of the bus boycott in the larger struggle to desegregate Montgomery and the South.
Click "Download Lesson" to continue reading article with myths and facts.
One of the few children's books that places Rosa Parks in the context of an organized movement.
When the story of the Montgomery bus boycott is told merely as a tale of a single heroic person, it leaves children hanging. Not everyone is a hero or heroine. Of course, the idea that only special people can create change is useful if you want to prevent mass movements and keep change from happening. Not every child can be a Rosa Parks, but everyone can imagine herself or himself as a participant in the boycott. As a tale of a social movement and a community effort to overthrow injustice, the Rosa Parks story opens the possibility of every child identifying herself or himself as an activist, as someone who can help make justice happen.
By Herbert Kohl, the author of more than forty books, including the bestselling classic 36 Children. A recipient of the National Book Award and the Robert F. Kennedy Book Award, Herb Kohl was founder and first director of the Teachers & Writers Collaborative in New York City and established the PEN West Center in San Francisco, where he lives.
Books: Non-Fiction
At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance — A New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power
Book – Non-fiction. By Danielle L. McGuire. 2010. 352 pages.
History of the violence against African-American women during the 20th century and the role played by Rosa Parks in the organized legal response to that abuse.
The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks
Book – Non-fiction. By Jeanne Theoharis. 2013. 320 pages.
A revealing window into Rosa Parks' politics and years of activism.
Claudette Colvin: Twice Toward Justice
Book – Non-fiction. By Phillip Hoose. 2010. 160 pages.
The story of Claudette Colvin, a teenager who refused to give up her seat in the year leading up to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Freedom Walkers: The Story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Book – Non-fiction. By Russell Freedman. 2006. 114 pages.
Written for middle school, the story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, in which Rosa Parks played a role but was not the sole hero.
Book – Non-fiction. By Nikki Giovanni. Illustrated by Bryan Collier. 2005.
A beautifully illustrated book for children about Rosa Parks in the context of the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
She Would Not Be Moved: How We Tell the Story of Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Book – Non-fiction. By Herbert Kohl. Intro by Marian Wright Edelman. 2007.
The myths and facts about Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954-1985
Film. Produced by Henry Hampton. Blackside. 1987. 360 min.
Comprehensive documentary history of the Civil Rights Movement.
Teaching About the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Film. By Teaching for Change. 2006. 15 min.
First grade teacher Maggie Donovan (SNCC veteran) introduces her students to the fight to desegregate the buses, placing Rosa Parks in the context of the larger community efforts.
Voices of the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Video interviews and articles telling the first hand stories of 27 individuals who participated in the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Civil Rights Movement.
2 comments on "The Politics of Children's Literature: What's Wrong with the Rosa Parks Myth"
Kipp Dawson on April 18th, 2011 - 9:09am
Very important and timely. Suggest using TeachingTolerance's excellent video, "Children's March" (free to teachers at http://www.teachingtolerance.org). They also have an excellent video re Rosa Parks which was out of print last time I checked and needs to be back in circulation.
Kipp Dawson on January 17th, 2011 - 6:18am
Extraordinarily important discussion, lest we lose the heart and soul and meaning and signficance of the Civil Rights Movement, and of history in general.
As a middle school teacher I find Teaching Tolerance's (free) "Mighty Times" videos to do an excellent job here. I showed "Children's March" to my 6th-graders with wonderful results — the central actors were kids like them (I was one at the time) and the (unspoken) message is clearly that they, not some "great man," are the key to the future. Teaching Tolerance's similarly good DVD on Rosa Parks, unfortunately, is listed as "temporarily out of print." Hope they get it back! http://www.tolerance.org/teaching-kits
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Time period All Pre-18th Century Colonization: 1492 - 1764 18th Century Revolution & Constitution: 1765 - 1799 19th Century Early 19th Century: 1800 - 1849 Civil War Era: 1850 - 1864 Reconstruction Period: 1865 - 1876 Industrial Revolution: 1877 - 1899 20th Century Turn of the Century: 1900 - 1909 World War I: 1910 - 1919 Prosperity, Depression, & World War II: 1920 - 1944 Cold War: 1945 - 1960 People's Movement: 1961 - 1974 Post-Civil Rights Era: 1975 - 2000 21st Century 2001 - Present All US History
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RSPCA Australia knowledgebase / Miscellaneous / How are RSPCA Inspectors accountable under law?
initiate prosecutions for breaches of animal welfare legislation.
To ensure these powers are exercised appropriately, RSPCA Inspectors are subject to many of the same accountability measures as those applying to other law enforcement officers. First, each Inspector is subject to the oversight of the state government department that has overall administrative responsibility for the relevant animal welfare Act. These government departments (usually the state Departments of Agriculture or Primary Industries) manage or oversee the appointment of Inspectors including training requirements and determining any conditions or qualifications to be placed on an Inspector's appointment. Most also have the power to require certain reporting requirements in relation to the performance of the Inspectorate as a whole or as to individual Inspectors in particular cases, and to terminate an Inspector's appointment.
In addition to this, RSPCA Inspectors in most jurisdictions are also subject to Freedom of Information legislation that requires them to disclose certain information to the public, and Ombudsman legislation, which may subject them to certain investigations and require them to comply with certain directions. Finally, the performance of RSPCA Inspectors is subject to Parliamentary oversight and review. This will usually take the form of a Parliamentary inquiry into a particular matter or incident.
Miscellaneous How can I keep in touch with advances in animal welfare science?


Jon Chamberlain Last one from this season on Hoga! It looks very much like a Phyllidiella pustulosa, which was very common, but the compound pustules look very spiky more like Phyllidiella cooraburrama. 10m deep, Hoga, Wakatobi, Indonesia. Suggestions?
Christopher Thorn Houbihou Flower garden, Taiwan. 5 m. 40 mm. Mimic of Phyllidiella pustulosa?
Gary Cobb This is a flatworm called Pseudoceros imitatus and yes it is a mimic.
Christopher Thorn Thanks for the quick identification Gary, I found an interesting link to it here http://oceana.org/en/explore/marine-wildlife/imitating-flatworm.
Christopher Thorn Ding Bai Sha, Taiwan. 8 m. 20 mm. Is this Phyllidiella pustulosa???
Blogie Robillo Looks like it to me.
Christopher Thorn Cheers Blogie, amazing variation these guys seem to show as they mature!
Gary Cobb Yes this is Phyllidiella pustulosa and is having a big poop!
Amir Abramovich Ice cream ? Red Sea. Eilat. CsnonS110 +10 diopter F8 iso80 1/250 Visit my UWP page: www.facebook.com/amirunderwaterphotographypage.
Penn Dls ID please? Found this nudi while a wrasse was trying to nibble it, then the nudi started to emit those smoke-like stuff from its body and scared the wrasse away. Found at about 10m @Lembeh.
Jon Chamberlain Phyllidiella pustulosa most likely I would say, although a difficult angle to see the mantle edge and no rhinophores visible (not surprising if a fish is harrassing it). The "smoke" is the anti-feed compounds stored in the white pustules that the nudi gets from the sponges it eats. Did it land on that coral or did the fish drop it there? Reminds me of the "snail on a razor" scene from Bladerunner.
Penn Dls It fell on the coral as it was harassed by the fish.
Gary Cobb Nice comment Jon.
Sean Sydnor Could someone id these nudis for me? I shot them when in Anilao.
Rahul Meh-unpronouncable Bottom right is phyllidiella pustulosa i think?
Christopher Thorn One Phyllidia or 3? Coron, 25 m, 30 mm.
Gary Cobb Because you can't see the rhinophores or the foot sole it will be difficult to place a name on this animal. My guess is Phyllidia elegans or Phyllidiella pustulosa and there is only one animal in this photo.
Gary Cobb There appears to be multicompound tubercles which means this could be Phyllidiopsis krempfi.
Eric Banzon Noora Similar to Blogie's ID request, is this a P. granulata or P. pustulosa?
Franca Wermuth-Vezzoli I thought the ones with the x on the backs are Phyllidiella lizae?
Geoffrey Van Damme yes Ash on a kayaking/snorkeling trip ,one metre depth.
Christopher Thorn Please help I can't decide if this is P. pustulosa or maybe P.granulata? Or perhaps something else? Thanks !
Christopher Thorn Flower garden, Kending, Taiwan. 12 m. 40 mm.
Christopher Thorn Thank you Jeff.
Christopher Thorn Ding Bai Sha, Taiwan. 31/3/12. 10 m depth. Approx 30 mm length.
Blogie Robillo Is this Phyllidiella rudmani?
Christopher Thorn Blogie Robillo, how can you distinguish between this and Paradoris liturata?
揭維邦 Phyllidiopsis krempfi, Looking closer at her rhinophores, you'll find black color on back, and pink color lower half in front.
Christopher Thorn Yes, i'm inclined to agree. Thanks for your input 揭維邦! Are you in Taiwan?
Christopher Thorn cool, I mainly dive around the south coast, how about you?
Gary Cobb Pop Quiz - see photo and answer question.
Patryk Uram ok i make mistake in first coment! i think Phyllidiella pustulosa is 1246 Phyllidiella lizae 3578 ?
Gary Cobb Well done Patryk! You are correct. The 'X's are the clue and mark Phyllidiella lizae has.
Blogie Robillo The one on the right is most likely P. pustulosa -- I have a similar one that I thought might be something else, but was told otherwise. The one on the left... P. granulata or P. lizae?
Gary Cobb These both look like Phyllidiella pustulosa but it would be nice and sometimes vital to ID them, to know where the Nudibranchs came from and their size.
Eric Banzon Noora Sorry for the lack of info Gary Cobb. Both are from Anilao in the Philippines. The one on the left is about 50mm while the one on the right is about 76mm.
Erwin Koehler The left species might be Phyllidiopsis fissurata or possibly Phyllidiopsis krempfi both of them can be identified by the rhinophores: pink on anterior face and around base, black on apex and posterior face...I need a lateral view!
Eric Banzon Noora Thanks Erwin Koehler. Unfortunately wasn't able to get lateral pictures. Next time I spot one of these will make sure to get some. However, checked the pics again and a close-up of the rhinophores would suggest a dual color nature. Will post them and see if they would be of help. Cheers!
Gary Cobb After seeing this close up I would agree with Erwin this looks like Phyllidiopsis fissurata. I can see at the bottom of the photo a very compound pustule. Like pustules on a stalk!
Gary Cobb And you can see the pink on the front of the rhinophores.
Eric Banzon Noora Thanks for the insights and tips Erwin. Who knows with these, maybe one of these days a slug can be named after me. Though not sure how nice that would sound lol. Btw any ideas on the ID of the last link I sent? P. granulata?
Gary Cobb We had a surgy couple of dives at Flinders Reef Moreton Island yesterday and found 26 species. Here is David Mullins, me and Jo posing at the surface interval in our new H1 Hybrid Waterproof drysuits, very warm aboard Mischief.
Patrik Good Congrats, good work. The variety of Thuridilla is exciting. With a few of the species I was not sure if they have just changed their names or if I just haven't come across them yet (eg. had to look Dori-S-prismatica atromarginata up).
Gary Cobb Sorry these suits are D1 species not H1!
Gary Cobb Patrik where did you find the spelling with an 's'? I had a re-look at the paper and it is spelled Doriprismatica, -> no 's'. Thanks! Yes we find quite a few Thuridilla at Flinders Reef.
Jim Anderson Your new suits are the business - I've been diving in one for 10 months, even down to 6 deg C. Not a problem your likely to have.
Gary Cobb Patrik the spelling of Doriprismatica is correct according to the paper.
Gary Cobb Hey Jim so you have a Di Hybrid?? Nice work. I love the suit!
Gary Cobb Patrik I think this site is old. It is saying Dorisprismatica is a synonym.
Gary Cobb I have written to Richard to get verification.
Gary Cobb 27 species actually!
Franca Wermuth-Vezzoli Does anybody know how this Phyllidiella pustulosa got these "black pustules" ?
Gary Cobb Yes you're ID is correct. I am pretty sure the blackish area is fish damage. Very rare because this species gives off the equivalent of hydrochloric acid!
Blogie Robillo I think this might be Phyllidiella lizae.
Blogie Robillo Could this be Phyllidiella granulata? or Phyllidiella pustulosa or something else? Length abt 3.5cm; depth 28m @ Coral Gardens.
Gary Cobb Without a doubt Phyllidiella pustulosa.
Blogie Robillo I see, thanks Gary. But, is it P. pustules or P. pustulosa?
Gary Cobb Spelling by the computer beat me to the close.
Gary Cobb I edited that right away please refresh.
Gary Cobb Auto spelling is a pain!!
Blogie Robillo Is this Phyllidiella pustulosa, Phyllidiella nigra, or something else? Depth 15.5m @ Hammerhead Alley, Samal Island; length abt 3.5cm; 24 June 2012.
Blogie Robillo From Ashley Missen - Phyllidiopsis burni. Can anyone confirm?
Gary Cobb Phyllidiopsis burni would be correct!
Orietta Rivolta Phyllidiella pustulosa ???
Gary Cobb I think so too!
Gary Cobb It's all about morphology Orietta!! You should get a copy of Phyllidiid-nudibranchs by Brunckhorst a brilliant piece of work. Let me know if you want a copy (PDF).
Blogie Robillo Is this Phyllidiopsis fissurata? Measured about 3cm long, and found it in 15m of water at Angel's Cove, Talikud Island, Philippines.
Blogie Robillo Oh ok. I actually thought it wasn't P. pustulosa... Those Phyllidiella species are sure tricky!
João Pedro Silva for those who say the "blue chromodorids from the Atlantic" are tricky, I reply "I'm glad we only have one Phyllidiidae."
Blogie Robillo Gary Cobb - Aren't they mostly black? I mean, P. pustulosa.
Gary Cobb P. pustulosa can be variable and from pink to green to white! Try the key I prepared on our site.
Gary Cobb Hey Joao we have heaps to these Phyllidiids!! FUN!
Gary Cobb Don't eat it!
Franca Wermuth-Vezzoli I know they're lots of Phyllididae, but can maybe somebody check the Phyllidiella pustulosas and picture nr 64? Thanks for your help!
Erwin Koehler I don't know how to comment on a picture in this album, I checked most of them and wrote already a comment, also on Phyllidiopsis striata Bergh, 1889 which has gone to nowhere, I am already very(!) angry about facebook because of many other reasons, enough now! Zumindest auf dem LINK sind deutsche Kommentare, so sollte Datenschutz kein Fremdwort sein, fuer facebook schon! Ist ja auch eine US Firma!
Franca Wermuth-Vezzoli I'm sorry my album caused more anger for you! I don't really know what happened - the album should be "public" and therefore comments for the public should be possible. But I'm not sure if the comments are possible. Sorry for the trouble.
Franca Wermuth-Vezzoli Mantigue Island, Philippines. I'm not sure about this: is it Phyllidiopsis pustulosa?
Blogie Robillo Whoa! Looks like a Phyllidiella pustulosa but with orange rhinophhores. Interesting!! How big was it?
Gary Cobb This is Phyllidia elegans Bergh, 1869 next time you find it see if there is a black line running up the centre of the foot.
Blogie Robillo Phyllidiella pustulosa, if I'm not mistaken.
Blogie Robillo I see Ash. Thanks!
Blogie Robillo A species of Phyllidiella? Pls help with ID. Depth 5.5m; length abt 3.5cm; 13 May 2012.


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Shop Home All Circuit des Yeux - In Plain Speech
Circuit des Yeux - In Plain Speech
Haley Fohr's music strikes a unique balance between the personal and universal. As Circuit des Yeux she creates music that embodies the complexity of human emotions, juxtaposing tenderness and grief, ecstasy and horror, using sounds as representations of the emotional spectrum that we all experience. Fohr's striking voice, an impassioned baritone, is the music's centerpiece and guiding force. On In Plain Speech, Fohr is joined by some of the most progressive musicians in the Chicago music community; Cooper Crain (Cave, Bitchin' Bajas), Whitney Johnson (Verma), Rob Frye (Bitchin Bajas), Adam Luksetich (Little Scream), and Kathleen Baird (Spires That In The Sunset Rise). Fohr cements her reputation as a fearless songwriter and inventive arranger with this stirring collection of songs that are both gorgeous and emotionally potent.
In Plain Speech represents the start of a new, more collaborative chapter for Circuit des Yeux. While previous works were solo affairs, not only in performance, but emotionally tied to a sense of confinement and place, these new songs were composed after a move to a collective living space, giving Fohr an opportunity to break free of the isolation that informed her previous albums. Fohr brought her community, literally, to the recording. In Plain Speech continues her collaboration with Crain, but it is her first recording with a full band, who are all leaders in Chicago's new wave of creative musicians. Her songs, while always potent when delivered solo, shine in this new band context. Companionship and solidarity are themes woven throughout the album. "Do The Dishes" is a meditation on sisterhood, and a message to other women to take risks, follow their passions deeply and to love themselves. "Fantasize the Scene" explores the idea of eternal friendship.
Extensive touring after Circuit des Yeux's acclaimed 2013 album Overdue influenced the making of the album in several ways. On that tour, which stretched for months throughout Europe and the US, Fohr toured solo, no band, no tour manager, no driver, and in that solitude learned to commune with the audience in a way that she hadn't ever before. That connection sparked in her mind a conversation with the audience, and many of the lyrics on In Plain Speech are directed at "you," the listener. She also became acutely aware of disquiet, a pervasive anxiety, which permeated society in almost every city she visited. "I felt an uneasiness that superseded phonetic communication," she writes. "Something dim is in the air, and it is looming large." This anxiety creeped into songs like "A Story Of This World," which is a call for change of priorities and values among the world's leadership.
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Hi, I was never active on 30m. I live in an appartement and I am looking for a way to get on the band, probably using an MFJ magnetic loop 1788. I'm a CW operator. I enjoy listening others on the band from an SDR.


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You are here: Home / News & Politics / Reflections / Switzerland to silence whistle-blowers
Switzerland to silence whistle-blowers
09/10/2014 By Motarjemi Glick
Proposed law provides no protection for whistleblowers
The proposed whistleblowing law adopted by the Swiss Conseil des Etats, the upper house of parliament, will effectively silence employees who are best placed to report wrongdoing and threats to the public interest. The law, which focuses on whistleblowing procedures rather than on the public interest value in the information, offers no protection for those who speak out. It also prohibits the disclosure of information to the press, except when the regulatory authorities do not reply within two weeks. The proposed law now will be considered by the Conseil National, the parliament's lower house.
The law's restrictions on public disclosures and lack of protection leave whistleblowers at the mercy of both their employers, who often retaliate against them, and the justice system, where the deck is stacked against them. In the case of multinational corporations, the army of lawyers and deep-pocketed financial resources at their disposal give them immense advantage over an individual who may have just lost her job, or is under threat of such.
This being the reality, it's not surprising that the modus operandi of corporations is to fire whistleblowers and offer six months' severance pay. This is also what a whistleblower can expect from the judicial system, even if he or she is successful in proving employer retaliation. For the offending corporation, it's merely the cost of doing business.
But six months' salary is of little help to a whistleblower who will likely find it difficult to obtain new employment and suffer untold financial and emotional distress. Nor is it a substitute for justice.
Perhaps the most important loser in a process that fails to ensure disclosure about criminal acts and wrongdoing is the general public. While whistleblowers take the initial hit, often sacrificing their careers and social stability, in the long term it is ordinary people who will pay the price if food is not safe, financial institutions aren't sound, or privacy disappears. And with the globalization of virtually every aspect of our lives, risk knows no border. Likewise, supporting whistleblowers shouldn't either. This is not just a Swiss issue; it is also an issue requiring international attention.
The Swiss law should be strengthened to provide judicial protection mechanisms that support whistleblowers who suffer retaliation. It should also ensure public accountability for employers and regulators, as well as apply penalties strong enough to dissuade employers from hitting back at their employees. It is only with such action that Switzerland, and indeed all countries, will signal to its citizens that corruption, fraud and threats to the public well- being will not be tolerated.
Dr Yasmine Motarjemi is a former senior scientist at the Food Safety Programme, World Health Organisation, and former Corporate Food Safety Manager with Nestle, Switzerland.
Alison Glick is WIN Coordinator at the Government Accountability Project, Washington, DC, United States of America
Filed Under: Reflections Tagged With: English current affairs, english news, geneva, Geneva fun, Lake Geneva region, Lausanne region, le news, lenews, Montreaux region, Morges region, Moving to Switzerland, Nyon region, Swiss fun, Swiss holiday, Swiss holidays, Swiss life, Swiss news, Swiss trip, switzerland, Vevey region, What's on
09/10/2014 at 18 h 26 min
So what your saying is you got fired and got some lame package while your boss told you to watch the door on your way out so it doesnt go slammin on you back!!! Ok we got it
Jeremy McTeague says
That could be it, Joe. But sometimes organisations are just getting away with plain simple crime. And the compulsion to report it and to "do the right thing" is too strong. Society should support people who try to protect it and not side with the vested interest.
Yasmine Motarjemi says
In my case, I did not accept the package. I was also offered another position in the Company, which I could not accept without an audit of our Departement. The case is presently in the Court. For Further information, see: http://www.foodsafetymagazine.com/magazine-archive1/junejuly-2014/whistleblowing-food-safety-and-fraud/
Switzerland could now lead the world on whistleblowing rules
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Equestrian sports have a rich history that go back to ancient times. Their traditional english-riding motifs and patterns are perfect to adorn these lovely personal correspondence cards. A red-coated rider and chestnut thoroughbred gracefully jump through a brass hunters horn. The plaid liner provides a perfect backdrop to the textured, letterpressed card stock.


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Q: How do I call a random function on button click? Here is a quick background on project goals: I'm trying to build a simple math game that provides random math problems when you click on a button.  Later, I'll figure out a way to check whether the answers are correct.  I started this process by creating an input form.
I'm trying to call a random function in a javascript array using a button in HTML.  The button calls a random function that is decided when I refresh the page.  Once I refresh the page, the a function is randomly selected and the button continues to give the results of that function over and over.  The button only calls a different function if I refresh the page.
I would prefer to have the button call a random function in my array each time the button is clicked.  Anybody know how I could achieve this?
Here's my code:

const btn = document.querySelector('#START')

const randomFunc = [
  multiplication,
  division,
  addition,
  subtraction,
]

btn.addEventListener(
  'click', randomFunc[Math.floor(Math.random() * randomFunc.length)]
)

function multiplication(params) {
  let num1 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let num2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let problemResult = num1 * num2;
  console.log(num1, '*', num2, '=', problemResult);
  document.getElementById('mathProblem').innerHTML = (`${num1} * ${num2} =`);
}

function division(params) {
  let num1 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let num2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 12) + 1;
  let problemResult = (num2 * num1) / num2;
  console.log(num1, '/', num2, '=', problemResult);
  document.getElementById('mathProblem').innerHTML = (`${num1} / ${num2} =`);
}

function addition(params) {
  let num1 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let num2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let problemResult = num1 + num2;
  console.log(num1, '+', num2, '=', problemResult);
  document.getElementById('mathProblem').innerHTML = (`${num1} + ${num2} =`);
}

function subtraction(params) {
  let num1 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let num2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let numList = [num1, num2];
  numList.sort(function(a, b) {
    return b - a
  });
  let problemResult = numList[0] - numList[1];
  console.log(numList[0], '-', numList[1], '=', problemResult);
  document.getElementById('mathProblem').innerHTML =
    (`${numList[0]} - ${numList[1]} =`);
}

  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" id="START">Press here for your first problem</button>

Your problem will appear here

  <form action="">
    <input type="text" placeholder="Type your answer here">
  </form>

A: Wrap it in another function that selects a random function each time the click happens.
Also, your functions don't use params, so it's not needed.

const btn = document.querySelector('#START')

const randomFunc = [
  multiplication,
  division,
  addition,
  subtraction,
]

btn.addEventListener(
  'click',
  function() {
    randomFunc[Math.floor(Math.random() * randomFunc.length)]();
  }
)

function multiplication() {
  let num1 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let num2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let problemResult = num1 * num2;
  console.log(num1, '*', num2, '=', problemResult);
  document.getElementById('mathProblem').innerHTML = (`${num1} * ${num2} =`);
}

function division() {
  let num1 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let num2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 12) + 1;
  let problemResult = (num2 * num1) / num2;
  console.log(num1, '/', num2, '=', problemResult);
  document.getElementById('mathProblem').innerHTML = (`${num1} / ${num2} =`);
}

function addition() {
  let num1 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let num2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let problemResult = num1 + num2;
  console.log(num1, '+', num2, '=', problemResult);
  document.getElementById('mathProblem').innerHTML = (`${num1} + ${num2} =`);
}

function subtraction() {
  let num1 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let num2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 13);
  let numList = [num1, num2];
  numList.sort(function(a, b) {
    return b - a
  });
  let problemResult = numList[0] - numList[1];
  console.log(numList[0], '-', numList[1], '=', problemResult);
  document.getElementById('mathProblem').innerHTML =
    (`${numList[0]} - ${numList[1]} =`);
}

  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" id="START">Press here for your first problem</button>

Your problem will appear here

  <form action="">
    <input type="text" placeholder="Type your answer here">
  </form>

A: Your code of:
randomFunc[Math.floor(Math.random() * randomFunc.length)]

is not stored inside of a function, so as soon as the page loads and the script is initially parsed, that statement is executed and your random function name is retrieved from the array and that code will be replaced with whichever function name was gotten, so for the rest of that page's use, the code will actually be static and be evaluated like this:
// showing multiplication here, but will be whichever random name was initially returned
btn.addEventListener('click', multiplication)

But, once it's gotten, the initial randomizing code won't be executed again, because it will have already been replaced by the result of the first pass through parsing the script. So, in the end, you get one call for a random function reference and that result is what you stick with until the page is reloaded.
What you need is for that randomizing code to be executed every time the button is clicked, so by wrapping it in another function (which localizes the statement), that will happen:
btn.addEventListener(
  'click', function() { randomFunc[Math.floor(Math.random() * randomFunc.length)](); }
)

Now, every time you click the button, randomFunc[Math.floor(Math.random() * randomFunc.length)] will get a new function name and () after it will cause it to be invoked because the whole expression is inside of an anonymous function expression, which will become the event handler.

A: Wrap with another function so that it gets executed on each click
btn.addEventListener('click', function () {
  randomFunc[Math.floor(Math.random() * randomFunc.length)]()
})

Your code set the random function only once (on page Load) so it's always the same when clicking the button
btn.addEventListener('click', randomFunc[Math.floor(Math.random() * randomFunc.length)])

A: it's because you're already generated a function and assigned it here
btn.addEventListener(
'click', randomFunc[Math.floor(Math.random() * randomFunc.length)]
)

in order to randomize it you have to make a callback that generates a random function instead
btn.addEventListener(
  'click', function() {
    const a = randomFunc[Math.floor(Math.random() * randomFunc.length)];
    a();
  }
)

it should now work. https://jsbin.com/duyosiluna/edit?html,js,console,output

A: Have you tried using a arrow function, like so
btn.addEventListener(
  'click', () =>  randomFunc[Math.floor(Math.random() * randomFunc.length)];
)

This will also execute the function on each click

A: The function addEventListener() adds one function to an HTML-Element when executed.
This means, when your addEventListener()-line is executed (which it only is once, when your script is executed for the first time), it selects one of your functions and adds only that.
To be able to select one of you functions repeatedly on click, you would need to instead add a function that selects on of yours, instead of adding one of yours directly. That way, the "selection"-function runs every time your button is clicked.
Here is an example:

var funcToSelect = [func1, func2, func3];

document.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click', () => {
  funcToSelect[Math.floor(Math.random() * funcToSelect.length)]();
});

function func1() {
  console.log('First output');
}
function func2() {
  console.log('Output from second');
}
function func3() {
  console.log('Yet a third output');
}
<button>Run a random function!</button>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Mens Retro 1960s Mod Boating Stripe Trousers by Madcap England.
Cool Retro diagonal fine stripe runs throughout adding a sublime texture.
Classic Mod frogmouth pockets to the sides, two jetted pockets to the back.
Slim cut trousers with clasp and button tab waistband.
Traditional belt loops to waistband.


text:
Q: for loop to cbind and write.csv I am using mzR package to extract simple information from a .mzXML file using instrumentInfo(). It gives me a 1x5 matrix with the desired information. However, I want to do it to each file in an entire directory and output the information onto one .txt or .csv file. I was thinking of using a for loop however my R knowledge is limited. Please help, thanks for your time.
library("mzR")

file<-list.files("C:/Users/sktrinh", pattern="\\.mzXML$",full.names=T,recursive=T)

    N<-length(file)
    for (i in 1:N) {
      ms<-openMSfile(file[i])
      file.1<-as.data.frame(instrumentInfo(ms))
      m <- cbind(file.1, path=file[i])[,c(6,1,2,3,4,5)]
    write.csv(m,"C:/Users/sktrinh/mzxml_output.csv")

Here is a link to a test .mzXML file: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-COYPSEsQK7bjJRVFVyVFBiNkU/view?usp=sharing

A: After a lot of trial and error I wrote a working script:
library("mzR")

file<-list.files("C:/Users/trinh/Downloads/", pattern="\\.mzXML$",full.names=T,recursive=T)

mswrite<-function(z){
  ms<-openMSfile(z)
  f<-as.data.frame(instrumentInfo(ms))
  m<-cbind(f,path=z)[,c(6,1,2,3,4,5)]
}

d<-data.frame() #generate empty data.frame
N<-length(file)
for (i in 1:N) {
  y<-mswrite(file[i])
  d<-rbind(d,y)
  }

write.csv(d,"C:/Users/trinh/Downloads/mzxml_output.csv")

If anyone can think of a better way to accomplish this, please chime in. Thanks.


text:
Category Archives: Archive
David Cassidy: The Last Session (2018)
I like to think I control a lot of my destiny. So what really happened to teen idol and TV star David Cassidy? Why did he die of kidney failure at the age of 67 following a public admission of dementia? His Partridge Family co-star Danny Bonaduce asks, How did dementia cause organ failure? This is a distressing fly-on-the-wall documentary about what transpired to be the icon's last weeks when he invited a documentary crew to film him recording an EP of songs his father taught him. He is in pain, ill, hoarse, suffering from sporadic short-term memory loss and in need of assistance walking. There are audio inserts of a previously unheard interview from 1976 when Cassidy discusses his ambivalence towards his unprecedented celebrity which took a nosedive when the teen idol years ended. He stopped performing his massive sellout concerts around the world when fans were injured and one died. He struggled to be taken seriously as a musician and songwriter thereafter and a Rolling Stone cover story (The Naked Lunchbox) with explicit photographs backfired spectacularly. The woman journalist who wrote it makes evident her total contempt for Cassidy. He couldn't get into NYC's Hippopotamus nightclub one night, the following night he played a sold out Madison Square Garden. But he wasn't cool! The editor of Tiger Beat explains how the magazine created the feverish culture of stardom for a generation and how manufactured the entire era was. The owner, Chuck Lawford, sensed the potential of a teen idol era and its financial possibilities. The stars had no say in the publicity machine manufactured in their image. Cassidy made the cover of every issue. Friend Alice Cooper is an especially sympathetic interviewee. It's clear that Cassidy's relationship with his father, the actor and singer and consummate showman, Jack, was a rivalry – unintended on the son's part. The session is dominated by his attempt to sing Wish You Were Here – the theme song of the first Broadway production he saw his father perform: David was just three and half years old and it made him want to emulate Cassidy. His father was on the road so much that David didn't know for a decade that his parents were divorced and Jack had married Shirley Jones, who had three sons by him. Dad, I miss you, he weeps when the song is played back and his own voice is failing. In 1970 when David was starting out as an actor and a Broadway show he was in shut down, he travelled to Los Angeles and auditioned for The Partridge Family – where he was immediately cast and Shirley Jones would play his mother. The Freudian resonances are astonishing. His father wound up interviewing the heartthrob on Merv Griffin and his resentment of his son was clear. David's musical and singing talents were only revealed to the TV show's producers when a lip-syncing session stopped and Cassidy took up a guitar and played like Hendrix. He could play and sing and they didn't need session players to substitute for him. The path to recording was set. His singles and the Partridge Family records were smash hits. Kim Carnes recalls opening for him on his first tour: He walks out and it's thunderous at that point. He was selling out football stadiums. Tens of thousands of girls were in hysterics. As Cassidy listens back to his father's recording of the song that haunts him, he throws his head back and marvels at his father's talent: someone tries to persuade him that his own stardom could never have happened without musicianship but he's scarcely impressed by his own success. Danny Bonaduce talks of David's beauty, his haircut, the pookah shell necklace, the kindness – he reached out to Bonaduce and got him to clean up his act but he wasn't taking care of himself. Jack Cassidy died aged 49 in 1976, burning to death in his apartment from a lit cigarette. He had been a heavy drinker, with his son stating he had once seen him knock back 15 Scotch and sodas. Late in the film, David admits that he is not suffering from dementia at all but the effects of long-term alcoholism. His friend Sam Hyman talks of how Cassidy always sought his father's approval and it dominated his life, even at the height of his career. What his father understood – and his son apparently did not – was that fame would end. He, however, had never reached his son's stratospheric levels of celebrity – as Bonaduce reminds us, David Cassidy's fanclub at its height was bigger than Elvis' and the Beatles' combined. The Rolling Stones did five nights at Wembley; he did six. Still, he was not respected. Cassidy had a kind of fame that was utterly different to anyone else's – plus, he was a very young guy on his own. He didn't know about the mechanics of the media powerhouses that had made him. What isn't discussed is how much money the producers of The Partridge Family made from marketing his image on everything you can imagine and how very little he earned from being the most exploited man on the planet. He became ill during the production of this record and was taken to hospital. The film concludes after his death when the musicians gather again to record the harmony over his vocals: the EP was released earlier this year. Candid, heartbreaking and honest, this is a haunting piece of work with some extraordinary video footage of concerts and behind the scenes that feels immediate, like it's happening right now. What a tragic beauty he was. Made by Left/Right Productions. He was America's sweetheart for quite a long time there
filed under 2010s, Alcoholism, Archive, Biography, Celebrity, Chicago, Death, Deception, Doctors, Documentary, Editing, Family, Father, Florida, Freudian, Jealousy, Journalism, Magazines, Masculinity, Medical, Music, Musicians, Narration, Newsreel, Parenting, Performers, Photos, Psychological, Publicity, Singers, Songs, Songwriter, Soundtrack, Telephone, Television, Theatre
What is Cinema? (2013)
If you get into that world it can be like a dream. Amid thrilling montages of films past and present, drama and documentary, art house and blockbuster, the titular question is addressed and regularly answered: archive interviews and contemporary pieces to camera with auteurs are interspersed with ideas about audiences and materiality, while intertitles are dotted with aphorisms and quotes from directors and, appropriately, theorist André Bazin, whose collections of essays give rise to the name. There are clips of everything from Zorns Lemma to Vertigo, Ritual in Transfigured Time to Lord of the Rings, The Cremaster Cycle to The Long Goodbye. Choreographer and feminist filmmaker Yvonne Rainer describes butting my head against the wall, against familiar patterns and says of exhibiting her work, I go to some of my screenings and the reason to stay is to see when people will leave. Critic and director Jack Waters talks about cinema's functions in relation to passivity and control, everything the camera records being documentation. Robert Altman insists nobody should be able to articulate precisely what his films are about; while Akira Kurosawa declares, A truly good movie is interesting and easy to understand. David Lynch. Alfred Hitchcock. Chantal Akerman. Costa-Gavras. Ken Jacobs. Michael Moore. Jonas Mekas. Bill Viola. Robert Bresson. They are all here, and more besides. A wonderful, compelling documentary that takes in the totality of the filmic medium from the actualités of the nineteenth century to the vines of today. Written and directed by Chuck Workman.
filed under 2010s, Archive, Art, Art house, Auteur, Documentary, Editing, Feminist, Filmmakers, Historical, Hollywood, Newsreel, Woman director


Throughout the last 6 years, I have watched many of my friends and family experience the joy of becoming parents. Not even one, felt like they had it all together or knew what they were doing. The phrase I remember most, and to be honest dislike was, "You just can't fully grasp what it is to be a parent until you are one". And I knew it was true.
My career has been working with children, from teaching Sunday school to running after-school programs with at-risk youth to becoming a teacher and now a parent of children who have experienced trauma. It was and is my best career choice. I have a degree in psychology and a good portion of that degree are child development classes. I even studied and wrote papers on attachment theory in foster and adopted children. The list could go on and on of why I think I am so prepared for becoming a parent, especially an adoptive or foster parent. I'm sure all of those things were great things to do, but in the end they don't actually matter. A person that did none of those things still would end up in the same, "You just can't fully grasp what it is to be a parent until you are one" circumstance.
Our adoption agency knows that truth, and prepped us for it. Thankfully they did not just leave us there to ponder our inadequacies. They prepped us with great classes that gave us practical knowledge of what to do when you finally realize you know NOTHING. We took five classes and each class focused on something different.
The first class was orientation. It gave an introduction to our agency and what it means to foster/adopt from the foster care system. Helpful Hint: many people suggest going to multiple orientations for different agencies to see which one is the best fit for you. It is a very helpful class for understanding the basics of the process, feeling comfortable with the system, and shows if the agency is a good fit.
Next we took a safe sleep class. It focused on safe sleeping conditions, babies that have experienced drugs and alcohol in the womb, and shaken baby syndrome. The class was emotionally difficult to sit through, but helpful and informative…and just a tiny bit repetitive. We also did a CPR and first aid class. Part of the class was online and part in person, like many CPR classes.
The other two classes were called Child Focused and Parent Focused training. I found these classes to be very helpful. We were given good information in the child focused class on how to treat and interact with children of trauma. Discipline and attachment were major areas of focus as well. It also gave us the perspective of a child going through the system, which is heartbreaking. In the parent focused training, we discussed the emotions we could experience and positive ways to deal with them.
One thing I did not expect to take away from this training was seeing things through the eyes of the biological parents. Creating compassion and understanding in a place where I honestly struggled to feel any. In both trainings we were able to discuss interracial adoption and the implication for children and families. It really gave us the opportunity to research and discuss how to best honor children from a different race or culture.
Overall the classes were extremely beneficial. Although they can seem long and sometimes repetitive, the information I walked away with was more helpful than anything else. It also was a great starting point for my own research in parenting children of trauma.
Once we finished the paperwork and classes, we only had one step left to becoming certified…the home study!


Renewal by Andersen® of Houston has been a strong presence in the local window replacement industry for a number of years. We are dedicated to providing our neighbors with the kind of quality window replacement services they deserve, and strive to help as many as we can to improve the look, feel, and value of their homes.
Renewal by Andersen has replaced more than two million windows. You can count on us to do the job right with a respectful approach and professionalism you'd expect from an industry leader. Using the unparalleled products of the national Renewal by Andersen brand and combining them with our own local touch, we here at Renewal by Andersen of Houston have quickly become the go-to company for window replacement.


Each of these four oscilloscopes has a different form of connectivity and a different form factor. Which would you use, if any?
Cypress Semi is providing the new Wi-Fi and bluetooth chip in Raspberry Pi's Model B+, released last week. The chip is the CYW43455, which can operate 802.11ac Wi-Fi at 2.4 and 5GHz, as well as simultaneous Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).
ACAPs consist of hardware and software programmable engines, IP subsystems, tied together with an on-chip network.
Xilinx launched what it calls a new class of devices that features hardware and software programmable engines, IP subsystems and programmable I/O functionality, tied together with an on-chip network.
Raspberry Pi Foundation launches the latest version of its module featuring significant improvements in performance, wireless connectivity and wireless circuitry certification.
On this day in tech history, cosmonaut Alexey Leonov left his spacecraft for 12 minutes, making the first spacewalk in history.


I have been looking for a long time for two more Louis style chairs for my dining room at an affordable price. I had two that I found at goodwill and redid and love them. The fun cowhide fabric on the backs add a touch of whimzy that I love. I have been using the two captains ladderback chairs from my breakfast table and they work fine, however I wanted a couple more louis style chairs to give the table a more updated look.
I was browsing through Houzz the other day and these chairs popped up. (This is not a sponsored post by Houzz) They were marked way down to a steal. 2 for $129. I wasn't sure how they would look, but for that price I took a chance and ordered them. They came with either a black frame or this pretty white washed frame.
If you are a follower, you know this is what I have at the moment.
I knew the white wash wasn't going to work with my current chairs, but staining the frame isn't a hard job, so I went with the white wash instead of black.
I am more than pleased with the pretty detail on the chair and for the money, I think they are fabulous.
Now I am debating on how to try and transform these chairs.
Here is a picture of one I found that let some of the white show through on the fluting.
This one has the entire chair stained dark, no white on the fluting.
So what do you think? Give me your ideas, leave some of the white or stain it all dark?
Beautiful! A great deal too. They both look great, but me personally I like the dark one, it's a more elegant look, while the whitewashed is way more casual.
Marty, I just can't make up my mind! I know whichever way you decide to do them, they're going to be perfect!
I was thinking the same as Lilacpr, that the dark is more formal than the light, but the chairs of our Louis XVI dining set are "cerusé"--lime-washed, and they are very formal. And the matching table is a solid dark stain. I don't know when the set dates to (certainly not to Louis XVI), but it's old.
I think it all depends on what else you have in the room, and whether there would be too much dark brown furniture, or whether you want a lighter feel.
Great chairs! I am leaning towards the dark.
The light chairs do not show up well on your flooring or in photos. I am in love with your cowhide chairs. Go dark.
I'd go all dark too - will work better with your current (awesome) chairs.
What a steal - that price is amazing!
I prefer the dark and I think it is more your style too; but you will choose the exact look that will work for you.
Love the chairs and a great price anywhere !
I love your deal! I found one at Marshall's for $99. I use it as an accent chair in a corner.
I think it's a personal choice for you. I love whitewashed pieces.
I love them both but I think with your decor I would like the darker. Just a richer more luxury feel. Go with your gut. You have the best style and I know what you choose will be beautiful.


World Series Wrestling returns to Australia with International Assault 2K17 Global Invasion.
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Australia .... get ready for the ride of your life!
NOTE: Please print out your email receipt and present to venue gate operators.


text:
Men of Yore: John Laird
John Laird
John Laird (14 June 1805 – 29 October 1874) was a Scottish shipbuilder and key figure in the development of the town of Birkenhead. He was the elder brother of Macgregor Laird. He was one of the first to use iron in the construction of ships.
He was born in Greenock, Scotland, the eldest son of Scottish entrepreneur, William Laird and Agnes Macgregor. In the same year the Lairds moved to Liverpool. John Laird was educated at Liverpool Royal Institution. In 1824 the Laird family moved to Birkenhead, where William Laird and Daniel Horton established the Birkenhead Iron Works. This manufactured boilers near Wallasey Pool. This partnership was dissolved in 1828 and William Laird was joined in his business by John Laird, who had been a solicitor's articled clerk. The company was renamed William Laird & Son.
John Laird realised that the techniques of bending iron plates and riveting them together to build ships were similar to the principles involved in making boilers. Laird's first vessel was a 60 ft pre-fabricated iron lighter, The Wye in 1829 - displacement sixty tons - which was used on canals and lakes in Ireland. This was followed by further orders for more lighters and in 1833 the paddle steamer Lady Lansdowne was built for the same firm. Many of the orders were for pre-fabricated river steamers. In 1834, he built the paddle steamer John Randolph for Savannah, Georgia, stated to be the first iron ship seen in America. For the East India Company, he built in 1839 the Nemesis, the first iron vessel carrying guns.
In 1839 Lairds built their first screw-propelled steamer, Robert F. Stockton, a 63 ft tug for use on North American waterways. By 1840, Lairds had built another 21 iron paddle-steamers including four gun boats for anti-piracy patrols for the British East India Company. Further orders for paddle frigates included the 1,400 ton HMS Birkenhead (which he designed) of 1848 which was famously wrecked off South Africa with the loss of over 400 soldiers in 1852. Perhaps their most famous vessel was the Confederate raider CSS Alabama. In 1857 the business moved to a new yard upstream from the Woodside Ferry, where it remained.
In 1844 John Laird started the construction of the Birkenhead Docks in the tidal Wallasey Pool. These were intended to compete with the Port of Liverpool but the venture was not a success and the system was merged with Liverpool docks in 1858.
In October 1863 John Laird and his shipbuilding company were caught making two naval ram vessels for the Confederate States Navy: El Toussoun and El Monastir. The names of these two ships do not appear to hold any significance in the confederacy which leads to the possibility that this was a covert contract between Laird and the Confederate navy. British marines raided these ships during construction forcing off the workmen and their equipment. The Royal Navy additionally deployed a gunship, HMS Heron, to the area to prevent the half constructed ships from leaving the port. Laird then sued the British government for impeding on his construction. As a Member of Parliament at the time, Laird was certainly aware of the intricacies of international relations between United Kingdom, the Northern and the Southern states during the American Civil War and his motivations for continuing work on this project are unknown.
In 1829 Laird married Elizabeth Hurry. In 1860, John Laird was joined in partnership by his three sons, William, John and Henry. However, John Laird retired in 1861 and the business was taken over by his sons. It merged with Charles Cammell & Co to form Cammell Laird in 1903.
He was the first mayor of Birkenhead and as chairman of the Birkenhead Improvement Commission, he played a key role in the development of the town. He was one of the first Commissioners in 1833, which were appointed to erect a market, to light and clean the streets and to maintain a police force. When Birkenhead became a Parliamentary Borough in 1861, John Laird retired from shipbuilding to become its first Member of Parliament for Birkenhead. He served from 1861 to 1874 as a Conservative. He was also Deputy Lieutenant of Cheshire and Justice of the Peace.
He contributed a great deal to the continuous improvement of the town as a benefactor. Laird was responsible for the building of the Dock Cottages. He made some generous donations for the erection of Saint James Church, the Borough Hospital and the Laird School of Art.[1]
He died at his home, 63 Hamilton Square, Birkenhead, following a riding accident. He is buried in the grounds of Birkenhead Priory, next to his yard.
An appeal for donations for a statue of John Laird quickly raised more than required from nearly 2,400 donors. The statue was sculpted by Albert Bruce-Joy. Over 2,000 people walked in procession for the statue's unveiling in 1877. It was unveiled by his friend, Lord Tollemache. The statue now stands in Hamilton Square in the centre of Birkenhead, though it was moved from its original position to make way for a cenotaph.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Laird_(shipbuilder)
Iron-hulled ships may not be the most exciting invention to come out of of the 19th century, but it certainly improved the international transportation capacity of the entire world. Which in turn has allowed the economy to grow as much as it has done. The ultimate construction size of a wooden naval ship is limited because of the fragility of wood (click HERE for a brief explanation on the hypothetical maximum size of wooden ships). Iron or steel ships are not limited by this ratio, and so ships can be built to larger sizes. Much larger sizes in the case of oil tankers, and the incredible supertankers. (Regardless of the politics, economics, morality etc of oil dependency, the engineering of the oil industry is very impressive).
If we were still using wooden ships to haul goods over seas, then transport costs would be alot higher than they are, which in turn would increase costs for consumers and producers of goods, meaning that more efficient/productive machinery would not have been transported, which in turn would mean that the economy would not have been allowed to grow as much as it has done. John Laird did a simple thing that allowed the development of the global economy: he noticed that boilers and ships were constructed along similar principles.
Alternative Lyrics to Well Known Songs 27 - Drama ...
Men of Yore: Thomas McKey
Alternative Lyrics to Well Known Songs 26 - The Un...
Men of Yore: Tycho Brahe


text:
AmItheAsshole
Not the A-hole
AITA for disagreeing with a photographer's rate and refusing to pay him?(self)
3750 points3751 points3752 points submitted 2 years ago by [deleted]
So my (27F) sister (29F) got married a few days ago (we live in Queensland, so we can have small weddings). I was her maid of honour, so I was in charge of planning a lot of aspects of the wedding, including hiring the photographer. I decided to hire one of my mother's friend's sons (21M) who is looking to get into the industry. He is quite talented, and I thought it would be easier to handle someone I've known for a large portion of my life than somebody I'd never met. He gladly accepted as my sister is in marketing, and it would likely give him some exposure. I told him I would pay him (and split the costs with my sister and her fiancé) the industry standard for our state ($125/hr) as I knew he was quite low on cash and this would take quite a while out of his day. We agreed we would pay after the wedding as we weren't sure how long we would need him for.
So the wedding goes ahead, he takes a lot of photos and it's a great time. He took photos for around 5 hours. However, afterwards, I tried getting the photos off of him, and he asked for $15 per photo. I was taken aback, since this would bring his total from the original $650 I planned to almost $3000. He told me that his rate was final, as he wanted to charge a 'realistic price'. I tried to get him to agree to the original payment, but he told me no.
I believe this is completely ridiculous, as even professional photographers don't get anywhere near as close to what he's asking for. I could have hired a professional for $600. I want him to be paid, as he did provide a service for us for 5 hours, but I refuse to pay 3 grand for the photos. Now his mother is pissed at me and my sister, and is demanding we pay him. We still don't have access to the photos, and our family is very divided. However, I maintain that, as long as he is charging that much, I refuse to pay him. My sister has agreed with me that she's willing to go longer without access to her wedding photos until we can organise a price, except he won't budge on it.
AITA for refusing to pay for the photos?
angelmr2 -7 points-6 points-5 points 2 years ago
She never stated he agreed. That's my biggest issue here.
I think she assumed, hired him, he did the work then the rate wasn't what she expected which makes her TA (even if theoretically he isn't worth that much).
If she has no contract and rates were never discussed, she needs to pay up.
SJ_BarbarianPartassipant [3] 25 points26 points27 points 2 years ago
But she did tell him the rate she was willing to pay, and they agreed that she'd pay after the wedding. It's in the post. If he wasn't comfortable with those terms, the time to negotiate was not after the wedding.
angelmr2 1 point2 points3 points 2 years ago
The post never said he agreed and never clearly conveyed that OP gave him a price. She said she'd pay industry standards then tells US in parentheses what that means.
Did she said I'll say you 125)hr and only want raw photos? Bc the post doesn't say that. They are being vague and not specific, and aren't clarifying int he posts.
SJ_BarbarianPartassipant [3] 0 points1 point2 points 2 years ago
She clearly stated that she told him her price. If he didn't agree to that, the time to negotiate or refuse would have been when she named a price. That includes editing fees.
If someone says, "Hey, I'll pay you $x to do y," and you show up to do it without any additional feedback or negotiations, you have agreed to do it for that price.
deeyenda 9 points10 points11 points 2 years ago
Photographer here. Also have a side hustle/day job of being a business lawyer.
She offered a rate. He accepted by showing up and doing the work - what we would call "acceptance by performance." You don't get to do that and just claim "well I never agreed to the rate!" afterwards.
LightRainPeachesPartassipant [4] 0 points1 point2 points 2 years ago
It appears no maximum time was agreed on though and OP is trying to only pay for the time spent at the wedding taking the photos- which is not all the time usually spent on said photos, which if you are a professional you should know.
angelmr2 0 points1 point2 points 2 years ago
I mean I'm getting downvoted all over for it but I think you're right. She's expecting raw photos I guess and she should have explained that.
[deleted] 0 points1 point2 points 2 years ago
deeyenda 0 points1 point2 points 2 years ago
I think you're correct on this, but it's a different issue - that would simply be more hours at the agreed-upon rate.
And yes, I know this. To put it into perspective, my last shoot was an hour and a half of actual shooting and around six hours of editing a single image for publication. I have another in the wings that will need at least as long.
WonderlandessPartassipant [3] 5 points6 points7 points 2 years ago
I think if it was less than 1000, and she got mad she would be TA. But the price sky rocketing SO MUCH saves her butt


A free community outreach to help those in need of food. There are no social requirements needed to qualify to use our food pantry. If you, your family, friends, co-workers or neighbors have a food need we are here to help. The Tin Shed is offered Wednesday nights from 5:00 P.M. to 6:30 P.M.
On Wednesday's we partner with Clear Creek Community Church to reach the neighborhoods of Wheatridge, Arvada, and Golden. If you are interested in serving in this amazing ministry, please contact Becky Goshorn with the email provided in the details.


text:
Q: Unable to parse value from HTML using jsoup I'm relatively new to using jsoup, and I can't seem to find the correct query to parse out the value I'm looking for. The HTML is as follows.

[ROM][LTE] RootzBoat 4.0.3 V6.1

        Started by birdman, 17 Dec 2011

1

2

3

200 →

                    Hot

                1,999 replies

180,213 views

jakeday

            Today, 04:20 AM

I need to parse out birdman from there. I know that once I've defined the element, I can get "birdman" out with author.text();, but I cant figure out how to define the author element. I thought perhaps the following block of code would work, but as I mentioned, I'm pretty new to jsoup and html and it obviously didnt work. Theres nothing wrong with the connection, and jsoup is working for the other values I parsed out.
            TitleResults titleArray =  new TitleResults();
                Document doc = null;
                try {
                    doc = Jsoup.connect(Constants.FORUM).get();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                Elements threads = doc.select(".topic_title");
                for (Element thread : threads) {
                    titleArray =  new TitleResults();
                    //Thread title
                    threadTitle = thread.text();
                    titleArray.setItemName(threadTitle);

                    //Thread link
                    String threadStr = thread.attr("abs:href");
                    String endTag = "/page__view__getnewpost"; //trim link
                    threadStr = new String(threadStr.replace(endTag, ""));
                    threadArray.add(threadStr);

                    titleArray.setAuthorDate("Author/Date");
                    results.add(titleArray);
                }
                Elements authors = doc.select("a[hovercard-ref]");
                for (Element author : authors) {
                    if (author.attr("abs:href").contains("/user/")){
                        Log.d("POC", "SUCCESS " + author.attr("abs:href"));
                    } else {
                        Log.d("POC", "FAILURE " + author.text());
                    }
                }
        }

A: I think you're thinking too hard ;)
To get the birdman portion of the link, just use the following:
Elements authors = doc.select("a");
for (Element author : authors) {
    Log.d("POC", author.text());
}

The "a" retrieves all links. After that you can just use the .text() like you said to retrieve the value.

A: Selvin answered it in the comments. I wasnt getting the source correctly and it was causing errors.
http://pastebin.com/xfUQkGw0


text:
«Заговор против короны» () — телефильм  (2004), состоящий из двух частей, одна из которых рассказывает о жизни шотландской королевы Марии Стюарт, другая — её сына короля Англии и Шотландии Якова I. Съёмки проходили в Румынии.

Сюжет
Эпизод первый показывает жизнь королевы Марии с её прибытия из Франции, становление монархом Шотландии, рассказывает о втором неудачном браке с Генрихом, рождении сына и третьем замужестве с герцогом Оркнейским.

Второй эпизод раскрывает подробности правления Якова I во время Порохового заговора.

Актёрский состав

Награды и номинации
Полный перечень наград и номинаций — на сайте IMDB

Примечания

Ссылки

Фильмы на английском языке
Исторические фильмы Великобритании
Исторические фильмы о XVI веке
Исторические фильмы о XVII веке
Фильмы-драмы Великобритании
Фильмы Би-би-си
Телефильмы 2004 года
Елизавета I в культуре и искусстве
Фильмы о Марии Стюарт

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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I have never tried a long island iced tea before. I happen to have all the ingredients at home. Gotta try it this weekend! Thanks so much for sharing my lychee cooler recipe. Have a wonderful weekend! ??... Long Island Iced Tea Cocktail Shev Hi there, welcome to Drinks Tube. My name's Shev and I'm a cocktail expert and today I'm going to be making a Long Island Iced Tea.
I have never tried a long island iced tea before. I happen to have all the ingredients at home. Gotta try it this weekend! Thanks so much for sharing my lychee cooler recipe. Have a wonderful weekend! ??


He was daring, wildly ingenious, passionately curious. He saw a beam of light and imagined riding it; he looked up at the sky and envisioned that space-time was curved. Albert Einstein reinterpreted the inner workings of nature, the very essence of light, time, energy and gravity. His insights fundamentally changed the way we look at the universe – and made him the most famous scientist of the 20th century. We know Einstein as a visionary physicist, but he was also a passionate humanitarian and anti-war activist. "My life is a simple thing that would interest no one," he once claimed. But in fact, his letters, notebooks and manuscripts tell a dramatically different story. Einstein saw the universe as a puzzle, and he delighted in trying to solve its mysteries. All he needed to contemplate the cosmos was his most valuable scientific tool – his imagination. I will describe Einstein's life, and his enduring legacy to astrophysics. No math skills needed for this lecture… just imagination.
AMNH Einstein exhibition, the "Beyond Planet Earth" exhibition and several AMNH space-shows seen by millions of people worldwide.
Dr. Shara's research interests include the structure and evolution of novae and supernovae; and the populations of stars inhabiting star clusters and galaxies. He frequently observes with the Hubble Space Telescope and other large ground-based telescopes. He has published over 220 papers in peer-reviewed journals. When not doing research in astrophysics, he can be found scuba diving in the South Pacific, enjoying the company of sharks.
Please contact the orgainser if you would like to book on behalf of a school group or other organisation.
Please note that The University of Central Lancashire is fully wheelchair accessible and fitted with Hearing Loops throughout. Please contact the orgainser if you wish to discuss any further access, or other, special requirements.
Free car parking will be availble on all university car parks for the duration of the event (please note that Pay & Display Machines will not be operational during this time, so please do not use them).
Prof. Jim Wild, Lancaster University.
The aurora borealis or "northern lights" are clear evidence of the Earth's link to the space environment surrounding our planet. These mysterious dancing lights in the night sky have captivated observers since ancient times. In regions bordering the Arctic Circle, aurorae feature heavily in the mythology and folklore of numerous cultures, but what causes these beautiful displays in the polar sky? Jim Wild, Professor of Space Physics at Lancaster University, will explore our planet's intimate relationship with the Sun and reveals the physics behind the northern lights.
John Brown, Astronomer Royal for Scotland.
Gravity plays a fundamental role in every aspect of the universe, from its Big Bang beginnings to enabling life in diverse ways. Assisted by illustrative magic tricks, this lecture will explain what gravity is, how greatly its strength varies across the universe, and illustrate some if its properties. In particular, the discussion will cover black holes, the strongest sources of gravity and the most bizarre objects in the cosmos. Topics will also include space-time distortion, gravitational lensing, Hawking radiation, and the possible cosmological relevance of black holes: Big Bang multiverse creation, the cosmic flow of entropy; and the existence of life itself.
Free car parking will be availble on all university car parks for the duration of the event (please note that Pay & Display Machines will not be operational during this time).
The search for extra-terrestrial life is accompanied by enormous optimism, including the idea that we will one day, with sufficient technology, communicate with other intelligences. However, will we ever talk to aliens or are we forever destined to detect only microbes beyond the Earth? Even if we want to, will we ever visit other stars? Join is for this informative and engaging talk to find out more.
Charles Cockell is Professor of Astrobiology at the University of Edinburgh and the Director of the UK Centre for Astrobiology. He received his PhD in molecular biophysics at the University of Oxford and worked for four years at the NASA Ames Research Centre. He is Director of the UK Centre for Astrobiology. He is author of a number of books, including, Space on Earth (Macmillan), which explores the links between space exploration and environmentalism.
Please note that The University of Central Lancashire is fully wheelchair accessible and fitted with Hearing Loops throughout. Please contact the orgainser if you wish to discuss any further access or other special requirements.
Free car parking can be arranged in advance, please contact the organiser for further information.


Welcome to the specal International Weekend Edition of The E-quip Devotion! I only have time to post this short video update from our undisclosed location in a Muslim nation. We are training up leaders and pastors who will then take the Gospel of Jesus Christ to their own nations. God is soooooooooooo good! Our Jesus is alive and He is covering the earth with His Word and His glory! I wish all of you could be here to "catch" the vision of an end-time harvest of Biblical portions. For now enjoy this quick update. Thanks for your prayers for these meetings!!! Remember, TOGETHER WE WIN!
Click on the link below or copy and paste it into your browser.
You Are a God's Blessing! I am praying for you! And i got your book true my friend JoAnne! Awesome!


text:
- Alle -Job PositionArticleBookDepartment and Research GroupsVeranstaltungFeature StoryAktuellesPagePodcastPreprintProjectResearch ReportVideoWebsiteProfile
Postdoctoral Fellow (Dept. I) (EN)
Einsendeschluss
Abteilung/Forschungsgruppe
Abt. I
For questions regarding the expected position please contact Christoph Rosol. For questions about the Institute, administrative matters, or the application portal, please email the office of Department I.
Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Boltzmannstraße 22, 14195 Berlin, Deutschland
The Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Research Cluster "Knowledge in and of the Anthropocene" (Dept. I), is offering a position for a
for two years, starting from October 1, 2019. The position is established in the framework of a cooperation between the MPIWG, the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) set up by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, and Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW).
The research undertaken by the candidate is supposed to critically assess and engage with the shifting material and epistemic cultures of the geological sciences in light of the Anthropocene concept, both in an historical and in contemporary perspective. It may comprise of one or several of the following areas of study:
comparative history of materials and geochemical/biotic signals relevant to defining a stratigraphic marker for the Anthropocene (such as plastics, fly ash, radiogenic isotopes, carbon isotopes, heavy metals, chemical and organic compounds, etc.)
history of geochemistry and biogeochemistry
recent history of stratigraphy, incl. chemo- and biostratigraphic methods
material cultures of the geological sciences
epistemic transformations of the geological sciences in the wake of the Anthropocene hypothesis
Candidates should hold a doctorate in the history of science, science studies or related fields at the time the position begins, and be able to show evidence of scholarly excellence in the form of initial international publications. The candidate is expected to work in an inter- and transdisciplinary setting and be in regular exchange with the AWG and HKW on matters concerning the research.
The position is primarily devoted to research, with no teaching and with minor administrative duties for the Research Group. Remuneration is based on the TVöD-Bund pay scales (E13, or up to E14 depending on qualifications).
The Max Planck Institute for the History of Science is an international and interdisciplinary research institute. The working language is English; it is expected that candidates will be able to present their own work and discuss that of others fluently in that language.
The Max Planck Society wishes to increase the proportion of women in those areas in which they are currently underrepresented. We therefore specifically encourage women to apply. The Max Planck Society is committed to employing more disabled individuals, and applications from disabled people are especially welcome.
Applications should include a curriculum vitae (including list of publications), a description of the specific research interest in the topics related to the project (750 words maximum), and the contact details of two referees who are willing to provide a reference if the candidate will be shortlisted.
Candidates are requested to submit, via our online application portal:
https://recruitment.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/position/13303818
Only electronic submissions via this portal will be accepted.
Deadline for submissions: June 15, 2019 (23:59 h PST).
Shortlisted candidates will be informed by July 1, 2019, and interviews will take place in the week commencing August 5, 2019.


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text:
What's this ?
Ford Names Andrew Frick as Head of Sales for U.S. and Canada; Mark LaNeve Caps Successful Tenure at Ford
Ford - Wednesday, January 13, 2021.
Ford Motor Company today announced that Andrew Frick has been appointed vice president, Sales, U.S. and Canada, effective today.
Continue reading at the original source >>
Ford Motor Company designs, develops, manufactures, and services cars and trucks worldwide. It operates in two sectors, Automotive and Financial Services. The Automotive sector sells vehicles under Ford, Mercury, Lincoln, and Volvo brand names. This sector markets cars, trucks, and parts through retail dealers in North America, and through distributors and dealers outside of North America. It also sells cars and trucks to dealers for sale to fleet customers, including daily rental car companies, commercial fleet customers, leasing companies, and governments. In addition, this sector provides retail customers with a range of after-the-sale vehicle services and products in areas, such as maintenance and light repair, heavy repair, collision, vehicle accessories, and extended service warranty under brand names, including Genuine Ford, Lincoln-Mercury Parts and Service, Ford Custom Accessories, Ford Extended Service Plan, and Motorcraft. The Financial Services sector offers a various automotive financing products to and through automotive dealers. It offers retail financing, which includes purchasing retail installment sale contracts and retail lease contracts from dealers, and offering financing to commercial customers to purchase or lease vehicle fleets; wholesale financing that comprises making loans to dealers to finance the purchase of vehicle inventory; and other financing, which consists of making loans to dealers for working capital, improvements to dealership facilities, and to purchase or finance dealership real estate. This sector also services the finance receivables and leases that it originates and purchases, makes loans to its affiliates, purchases receivables, and provides insurance services related to its financing programs. The company has joint ventures with Mazda; Getrag Deutsche Venture GmbH and Co. KG; Neumayer Tekfor GmbH; Song Cong Diesel; and Lio Ho Group. Ford Motor Company was founded in 1903 and is based in Dearborn, Michigan.
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SIMCOM SIM800L V2.0 GSM/GPRS Module is a QUAD BAND GSM/GPRS module which compatible with Arduino. The module works to add both of GSM features (voice call or SMS) and GPRS features. The advantages of these modules are the VCC and TTL serial levels that have 5V voltage, so you can directly connect it to Arduino or other minimum system with 5V of voltage level. There are so many GPRS/GSM modules on the market which need to add 5V regulator and level converter circuit, while SIM800L V.2 GSM/GPRS module already has a built-in regulator circuit and TTL level converter on the board.
Here is just an example project using SIM800L V.2. It's about how to control relay using SMS controller. You can easily turn-on or turn-off many objects in your house, such as lamp, fan, and etc.
TTL serial interface compatible with 3.3V and 5V Microcontrollers, compatible with arduino.
This SIM800L module has a set of TTL level serial interface, a set of power supply interface.
Besides, there are a set of antenna interface on this module.
VDD TTL UART interface The TTL UART serial interface, you can connect the MCU like 51MCU or ARM or MSP430 directly. The pin of VDD is used to match voltage of the TTL.
Once each component is connected, create a program, and then upload it on your arduino. But first, you must install GPRS library files that you can download in here.
Once you've plugged in your SIM800L, 4 Channel Relay Module, and ARduino to your computer, run the code below and you're finished.
This tool works by sending SMS on SIM800L with certain keywords. Here, to turn on relay 1 use the command "Relay 1 ON" and to turn it off by using "Relay 1 OFF" command. For other relay commands almost the same, simply by replacing the numbers according to the serial number of the controlled relay. After the message is sent automatically, SIM800 will send a reply in the form of status message of each SIM.
ERROR CNMI? Please help me. the problem is where ?
Hello, Thanks for your tutorial. I think it's very helpful to others.
But when I try verify this code it shows error. Error message is given bellow. Would you please help me?
Hey, great work. The code is not working in my setup. Which libraries have you included?
What does "MATI" means in the code ?


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Supercharged Style Side Vents Matt Black with Silver for Range Rover Vogue 2002-2013 - CLEARANCE WHILE STOCKS LAST!
This is a pair of pattern side vents for the L322 Range Rover.
This is a 3 piece version, made to the same specification as LR.
There are a number of inferior options on the web that are moulded from one piece of plastic that don't compare to these!
This item fits all models from 2002-2013.


text:
The Inspiracy
Game Design Details
Design Review Details
Project Planning Details
Noah's Arkive
The 400 Project
Speaking History
Memories of LucasArts
The Main House at Skywalker Ranch, circa 2000
I just learned of LucasArts' shutdown. It wasn't unexpected - in fact I'd heard several rumors this week was when it was going to happen. But it did surprise me how sad it made me all the same. Very much like a death in the family. LucasArts - and even more so, Lucasfilm Games - helped define and mold me as a game designer, and my eight years there were incredibly precious to me.
I have so many strong memories and powerful feelings about my years there, I have to let some flow out. I first heard about the group in 1983, long before their first games were released, when I talked to David Fox in the process of a friend's interview, and he has remained a close friend and work collaborator to this day. In fact the friends I made there were the strongest legacy - by the late 80's/early 90's we had what was surely one of the best few teams in the entire game industry. I started just now to list them all but there were over 120 by the time I left, suffice it to say that although I'm mentioning some I worked with most closely here, there were many others equally talented and deserving of notice. Just the ones I've continued to work with over the years - David Fox, but also Chip Morningstar, Ron Gilbert, Larry Holland, Hal Barwood, Dave Grossman, Tim Schafer, Brian Moriarty, and the hundred-plus others from my time there - we share so much in common culture and inspiration from those years. Not to mention Steve Arnold, one of the best bosses I've ever had. I helped hire many of the people subsequent to me - recall our laughing over Tim's resume (as intended, Tim!) or marveling over Hal leaving a successful film career to make games. Last year I was a founder in a (failed) startup, but getting to work with Chip Morningstar, Randy Farmer, and Gary Winnick again made it more than worthwhile.
Among all the great projects, it was the brainstorming sessions that were my favorite experiences. I think I may be one of the very few people besides Ron who was clued into the original Secret of Monkey Island. Coming to the Sonoma Mission Inn for a few days to brainstorm a million-player Star Wars game, many years before the first MMORPG. Brainstorming on The Dig with a couple non-game developers named George and Steven. Laughing harder at Monkey Island and DOTT sessions than I have at any comedy club.
The physical locations were just as memorable. When I started we shared space with ILM, and were part of the Computer Division with the guys that split off to become Pixar - I remember John Lasseter teaching us where to sit in the big Corte Madera theater we used for company screenings so that our viewing arc of the screen corresponded most closely to the angle the camera saw. Coming in to see "Andre and Wally B." emerging one slow scan line at a time for a Siggraph presentation. Playing with discarded movie props behind ILM. We moved to Skywalker Ranch shortly after it opened up, around 1986, and moved back out when we had grown too successful (and large) to fit. What an incomparably beautiful location, so many great memories of swimming in the lake, walking the hills. Seeing screenings in the Stag Theater or the one in the basement of the Main House, whose walls smelled faintly of the wine casks they were made from for the first few years. Researching Fate of Atlantis in the library with Hal, with rain pattering on the stained-glass roof. Incredible lunches. Movie stars and music icons that we all carefully pretended were just anonymous strangers. Michael Jackson, in his Thriller glory, at our 4th of July party, wearing a hospital facemask. Steve Purcell teaching himself, then us, to snap the heads off of flowers with his authentic Indy bullwhip. Chasing down a lizard with a video-feed from a remote-controlled car we drove from a remodeled arcade cabinet (lots of projects that never made it out of our offices…). Helping man the telescope in the observatory built into the hills over our location. Dodging deer and bobcat on the way in and out.
And the people outside the video games industry I met or worked with - the Pixar guys, including Ed Catmull who interviewed me in 1983, George Lucas of course, and Steven Spielberg who would call in for hints on our adventure games (he got the direct dials of all the project leaders). Recommending Eric Goldberg and Greg Costikyan to do the Star Wars RPG, starting another long term friendship. Seeing some of the first VR tech from Jaron Lanier, whispers of nanotechnology from Eric Drexler, and other marvels through Chip's friends he brought in for "Mad Scientist Lectures". Even WW2 Aces we interviewed for our flight simulator games.
I did some consulting for LucasArts a few years ago, right before and after their move to the Presidio. A whole new generation of developers, just as eager and determined to excel. But there was a wistfulness felt by us old-timers, nothing subsequent to that golden age of the early days quite measured up to the mystique, despite greater financial success and sales numbers. I was looking forward to 1313, it sounded like a great step to reclaim some of the reputation for ground-breaking innovation that had largely faded, but alas…
I realize I've barely talked about the games we made, and only scratched the surface of the other stuff - I could go on for a long time, and perhaps I will someday in a book, I have boxes of memorabilia to trigger memories, including a bunch of never-worn T-shirts that perhaps will pay for my retirement J. But I wanted to thank my many friends and colleagues from those years and all the subsequent employees for one great ride. And for those of you who have been rudely dumped back into the job market - know that the industry is healthier now than it has ever been, and there is in fact a great life after LucasArts. My deep sympathy and best wishes to you all!
Randy Farmer link
I've only been to The Ranch twice in the last decade and was lucky enough to be a special guest (along with those you name and others) at a 25th reunion party at the Presidio.
Still, I also feel like I lost a member of the family today. The second generation was now working there, and today one of the "kids" I know fairly well lost their job with the group's passing.
I guess I was always hoping I could go back, or something.
So much of our industry was invented there and spread out like wildfire: Here's something I retweeted today:
Dave Grossman @phrenopolis: Aw. Sad, but not unexpected. LEC is survived by countless children and grandchildren in the industry. Good things were done. #rip #lucasarts
David Fox link
Thank you, Noah, for putting this into words. It very much is a grieving process for me too. 10 years of my life, and maybe some of the best memories. I too remember all those brainstorming sessions fondly. Never quite captured that feeling since. So glad I got you on the phone as a reference for a possible job hire (we didn't hire her -- she was one of the few who actually turned us down!) and then was able to reach out to you to join us soon afterwards. It was the dreamteam, and I don't think I knew it until we left.
Noah Falstein
Game Connection