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Northwestern prepares for ESPN's 'College GameDay'
Brian Lee/Daily Senior Staffer
Crew set up the stage Thursday for ESPN's "College GameDay," which will broadcast from the north section of the Lakefill at 8 a.m. Saturday. University officials have spent the week preparing for the show and other Homecoming weekend events.
Ally Mutnick, Development Editor
With "College GameDay" returning to Northwestern for the first time in nearly 20 years, University officials are working to increase security and coordinate planning to help campus celebrate the Homecoming weekend events.
ESPN's "GameDay" will broadcast from 8-11 a.m. from the northern section of the Lakefill near Lakeside Field, where crews set up the stage Thursday.
The show, which chose NU as its site Sept. 28, is one of two special broadcasts on campus this weekend focusing on Saturday's matchup of the Wildcats and the Ohio State Buckeyes, who are both undefeated. Weekend events also include the Homecoming parade and pep rally and NU's reunion weekend.
"I think a lot of people had this weekend circled on their calendar even before the season started," said Paul Kennedy, spokesman for NU's athletic department. "It's the perfect storm of attention."
Related NU departments, ranging from Facilities Management to Student Affairs, have had joint meetings all week to prepare. They discussed topics including reserving parking, reviewing emergency procedures and prepping tents, lighting and electricity for the weekend.
About the first 600 students to arrive for "GameDay" can stand in the fenced-in area, called the "pit," behind the stage, in direct line of the broadcast. Kennedy said students are encouraged to arrive by 5 a.m. and the pit will open between 5 and 6 a.m. The athletic department is discouraging students from camping out, and ESPN security may not allow it, Kennedy said.
Staff in University Relations and the athletic department have been in contact with ESPN. Both are trying to give NU students first access to the limited spots behind the "GameDay" stage, Kennedy said. Breakfast and T-shirts will be available by Lakeside Field.
The ESPN staff is well-trained in handling crowds and will be able to choose 600 fans to enter the pit, said Ryan Chenault, associate director of marketing for the athletic department. As some students leave the area, others will be able to enter, he said.
To celebrate Homecoming game day, the athletic department released a short video featuring coach Pat Fitzgerald and members of the football team. Chenault says it has gone viral, appearing on national college football blogs and local television stations.
"It's very safe to say the eyes of the college football world are going to be here in Evanston this weekend," he said.
University Police is also providing security to work alongside ESPN's team at "GameDay." UP will increase its presence with additional officers on campus, at and around Ryan Field and in off-campus neighborhoods, Deputy Chief Daniel McAleer said.
McAleer said he is not sure what to expect from the "GameDay" broadcast. The show was last held on campus in 1995 in Welsh-Ryan Arena. UP has consulted other "GameDay" host schools during planning efforts.
The increased police presence comes with a decreased tolerance, McAleer said. UP will be on the lookout for crime, public urination and public drunkenness during the football game and "GameDay" broadcast.
"You can't expect that everyone at the ESPN GameDay event will be rooting for Northwestern," McAleer said. "There might be some Ohio State fans that want to debate football prowess. Sometimes those debates turn physical."
For student fans, Norris University Center is holding "GameDay" preparation events. ARTica Studios will extend its hours to give students a chance to make signs to bring to the broadcast. It will also offer free face painting on Saturday from 12 to 3 p.m., according to the Norris website.
Coke Zero held a combine on Norris' East Lawn on Thursday and will repeat the event Friday, giving students a chance to win seats in Section Zero, elevated bleachers near the "GameDay" stage that get some television time. Students have to complete an obstacle course under a certain time limit to win seats in the section.
McCormick junior Phil House competed with his friend to win Section Zero seats but could not finish the course in time. House said he plans on coming back in more athletic clothes, and maybe cleats.
"It's Northwestern's biggest game in 18 years," he said. "You get a chance to be on TV and a chance to be proud of Northwestern on national TV."
Twitter: @allymutnick
Coke Zero
College Gameday
Daniel McAleer
Norris University Center
northwestern football
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Ryan Chenault
Section Zero
Ally Mutnick, In Focus Editor
Ally is a Medill senior whose past positions include campus editor, development and recruitment editor and assistant campus editor. She is from Washington,...
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Masonry strips are rarely used these days, however they can be adopted where good quality sub-strata exists and the raw materials for masonry construction are cheap and abundant. The wall is increased in width by corbelling out the masonry to achieve the required overall foundation width as shown in Fig. 9.3.
It should be noted that it can be important, particularly when using masonry strips in clay or silt sub-strata, to bed the masonry units in mortar and to completely fill all joints.
The reason for filling the joints is mainly to prevent the strip footing acting as a field drain with the water flowing along the surface of the formation level and through the open joints of masonry. The authors have found clear evidence of induced settlement due to softening of the clay surface below dry random rubble strips (dry random rubble being a term for dry stacking without mortar and not dry meaning no moisture).
Fig. 9.3 Masonry strip footing.


Hi Everyone further information regarding the FICU event this year and we as a club need to decide where we want to camp and what we want to do like weeding etc.
Club camp, clean / weed allocations will be published mid March following registrations closing on the 1st of March 2019.
6:00am – Clubs commence arriving on Island and setting up camp at allocated camping area or club organised private campground.
All volunteers or trip leaders to attend check in.
Raffle tickets and merchandise available for sale.
8:00am – Event check in Eurong Beachfront.
Explore Fraser Island. Clubs and volunteers enjoy a day of leisure.
8:00am – Clubs and volunteers to commence cleaning / weeding allocated areas, minimum of 6 hours across the event weekend required.
1.30pm – Yidney Rocks Volunteer BBQ. Enjoy a sausage sizzle and drink while kicking back admiring the best view on the island.
Networking opportunity with clubs and volunteers.
4.30pm – Dinner commences (kids to be fed first).
5:00pm – Sponsors in attendance, certificates of appreciation issued. Raffle ticket sales close.
5.30pm – Clean up statistics communicated.
7:00pm – End of BBQ, clubs to travel back to camp or stick around and enjoy the entertainment.
Clubs and volunteers commence departing Fraser Island.
The Island has a rich and ancient indigenous history. The Butchulla People referred to the Island as K'gari which means paradise. Archaeologists believe that Fraser Island supported up to 3000 people who lived on marine animals and terrestrial plants.
Evidence of Butchulla settlement in archaeological sites, midden heaps, ceremonial bora rings, fish traps, scarred trees, campsites and stone implements date back to between 1500 and 2500 years ago. However the Butchulla People are thought to have lived on Fraser Island for more than 5000 years.
There are many sites of social and spiritual significance. It is very important to respect those sites. European settlement had a devastating impact on the indigenous population.
Although a few descendants continue to live on the Fraser Island their cultural heritage and ability to maintain their traditional practices have considerably diminished. Native Title was granted in 2014 which recognised the Island's indigenous heritage and native owners the Butchulla People.
The FICU Committee would like to advise the new website https://www.ficu.org.au/ is now live, and ready for club members and sponsored visitors to register for the 2019 event.
You will receive a "Validation Email", which contains a link to activate your account, you will only be able to log in, after activating your account with the link.
You can update your details at any time via the "Accounts Page", after logging in.
Remember, as a minimum, you will need to purchase a vehicle registration from the shop (for each vehicle you take), which will be used to coordinate your vehicle permit for the FICU activity.
IF YOU ARE A TRIP LEADER: Please let use know if you are one of your club's trip leaders for the FICU activity, so we can give to access to manage your club members.
Les, I don't remember who needs these details. Are you able to help?
Hi, I believe that FICU have been informed abut our choices of camp spots and activity we prefer. Correct me If I'm wrong Les.
Registered but cannot attend - will cancel at the last minute to hold it open.
Current time: 23-04-2019, 08:23 AM Powered By MyBB, © 2002-2019 MyBB Group.


WASHINGTON (CN) - The man who blew the whistle on UBS Bank, getting a $104 million award and costing the bank $780 million for tax evasion, has sued his attorneys, claiming he went to prison because they failed to secure whistleblower protection for him.
Bradley Birkenfeld sued the law firm Schertler Onorato, and attorneys David Schertler, Danny Onorato, David Dickieson and Peter Taylor, in Superior Court.
Birkenfeld, of Massachusetts native, says he was a senior client adviser for the Swiss bank, but resigned in 2005 and filed a whistleblower complaint with UBS. He hired Schertler Onorato to represent him, but attorneys bungled the case by not filing forms with the IRS, not advising him of his impending indictment, then refusing to turn over its files to his new attorneys during his criminal trial, Birkenfeld says in the complaint.
He claims the firm falsely held itself out as experienced and knowledgeable about federal whistleblower laws and procedures, but had "very limited experience in the area of obtaining compensation and immunity for whistleblowers under federal law."
Among their many shortcomings, Birkenfeld says, were failing to follow IRS whistleblower procedures by not submitting IRS whistleblower forms that would have made the information he gave confidential.
Instead, he says, his lawyers made him vulnerable to an FBI investigation that led to a federal indictment, conviction and 40-month prison sentence. He also was fined $30,000.
Birkenfeld, who is scheduled to be released and put on probation on Nov. 29, was also given a $104 million award by the IRS for his whistleblowing.
But in his complaint, Birkenfeld says the Schertler Onorato attorneys let him give up information without immunity from the FBI or from a U.S. Senate committee. The Senate investigated high-powered UBS clients such as Abdulaziz Abbas, who used his UBS accounts to conceal enormous profits made through illegal oil sales from Saddam Hussein's regime; and Russian billionaire Igor Olenicoff, who pleaded guilty to failing to report $200 million in overseas assets to the U.S. government.
"b. At least $7,800,000 to $15,600,000 more than he actually received as his whistleblower's award; ..."
He also claims that the firm's unwillingness to pursue his request to unfreeze an account to pay his legal fees cost him $500,000 in the 2008 stock market collapse.
Birkenfeld says that after he fired the Schertler Onorato attorneys, they withheld crucial files from his new lawyers, which contained information that could have prevented his conviction.
He claims those files could have brought a larger reward from the IRS, but without their proof that he had given up Olenicoff, his reward was cut by as much as $15.6 million.
Birkenfeld seeks $60 million for legal malpractice, breach of fiduciary duty and unlawful trade. He also wants treble and punitive damages, and attorneys' fees.
He is represented by Christopher Hoge, with Crowley Hoge.


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Severe Weather and Critical Infrastructure Resilience: Preparing Washington D.C. (Meeting Summary)
The District of Columbia has initiated a climate change adaptation assessment to examine current and projected risks from severe weather and to develop a resilience plan to sustain and enhance the District's economy and quality of life. On March 14, 2013, the District Department of Environment (DDOE), the District Office of Planning (OP), and the Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP) held a workshop to gather input to help shape future preparation efforts to ensure they reflect stakeholder knowledge, experience and priorities.
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City of Waveland, Mississippi Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
The City of Waveland, Mississippi developed this Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) 2013 update to document Waveland's hazard mitigation planning process, and to identify relevant vulnerabilities and strategies the City will use to increase resiliency and sustainability. Waveland was "ground zero" of Hurricane Katrina's landfall on August 29, 2005. The city received massive damage and is still in the process of recovering and rebuilding.
Related Organizations: City of Waveland, Mississippi
New Orleans Evacuspots and Evacuteers Program
The New Orleans non-profit Evacuteer. org installed clearly recognizable public art in "Evacuspots," New Orleans' designated emergency evacuation locations, to facilitate public transportation during a mandatory evacuation in advance of a Category three or higher hurricane. Evacuteer. org partners with the New Orleans Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness to aid in the operation of City Assisted Evacuation (CAE), the city's free, public evacuation program to assist residents without their own means of transportation.
Related Organizations: Evacuteer.org, New Orleans Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness, City of New Orleans, Louisiana
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Transportation Research Board (TRB) NCHRP: A Pre-Event Recovery Planning Guide for Transportation
The Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) developed Report 753: A Pre-Event Recovery Planning Guide for Transportation, which provides an overview of steps involved in planning and preparing for the recovery of critical transportation infrastructure after a catastrophic event such as a severe storm or wildfire. The Guide was developed to assist transportation owners, operators and planners with pre-event recovery planning.
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Atlantic City - Compressed Natural Gas Jitney Buses Used for Evacuations During Hurricane Sandy
Atlantic City, New Jersey used minibuses known as "jitneys" that were powered by compressed natural gas in their emergency planning efforts for Hurricane Sandy. Because the vehicles run on an alternative fuel, they were able to continue operating when gasoline was in short supply during and after the hurricane.
Related Organizations: Atlantic City Office of Emergency Management
State of California Extreme Heat Adaptation Interim Guidance Document
This document presents a brief overview of current climate projections for increased temperature and extreme heat conditions for California, and addresses the human health impacts of increasing temperature in the state. In particular, it focuses on climate model projections of longer and more frequent extreme heat events. The report details the content of these projections for California, including an explanation of the urban heat island effect.
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Connecticut Public Act 12-148: An Act Enhancing Emergency Preparedness and Response
Connecticut's Public Act 12-148, 'An Act Enhancing Emergency Preparedness and Response,' was signed into law by Governor Malloy in July 2012 to improve the ability of the state, municipalities, and utility companies to better prepare for natural disasters and other emergencies. The legislation is designed to strengthen infrastructure, bolster local preparedness training, improve communication between state and local leaders, and to hold utilities accountable for preparedness planning. Public Act 12-148 will help improve emergency preparedness for natural disasters and intense weather events by: - Establishing standards for the utility, telecommunication, and cable companies during emergency events and establishing penalties in the event the companies do not meet these standards; - Requiring utility companies, telecommunication companies, and Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) Service Providers to submit emergency plans for restoring service; - Creating a microgrid pilot program to be administered by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection; - Studying the feasibility of requiring backup power for telecommunications towers and antennas; - Encouraging the coordination of underground infrastructure projects; and - Requiring the development of procedures to expedite the process of road-clearing following an emergency.
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Minnesota Extreme Heat Toolkit
The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH)'s Extreme Heat Toolkit offers information, tools, and resources to local governments and public health professionals about preparing for and responding to extreme heat events. The toolkit focuses on Minnesota examples and processes and describes practical, implementable steps and strategies to prevent morbidity and mortality from extreme heat at the local level. The toolkit also provides several appendices, including a generic heat response plan that can be tailored to meet the needs of a specific location.
Related Organizations: Minnesota Department of Health
Sea Level Rise Adaptation Strategy for San Diego Bay, California
The San Diego Bay Sea Level Rise Strategy provides a regional approach to sea level rise adaptation, and is a foundation to guide coordinated adaptation planning among participating local jurisdictions. The strategy was prepared by ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability, and resulted from the efforts of a collaborative, regional stakeholder process undertaken as part of the San Diego Regional Climate Protection Initiative, a partnership with the San Diego Foundation and all local governments in the San Diego region.
Related Organizations: The San Diego Foundation, ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability
Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative
Authored by the National Academies Committee on Increasing National Resilience to Hazards and Disasters and the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy - this book focuses on how to increase the nation's resilience to disasters. It argues that building resilience will involve a cultural shift in which disaster risk is taken more seriously, and resilience and disaster preparedness is valued at all levels of government.
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Nominations invited for the high level panel to review policies, legislation and practices relating to matters of elephant, lion, leopard and rhinoceros handling, management, breeding, hunting and trade
The Minister of Environmental Affairs, Mrs Nomvula Mokonyane, has invited nominations for the establishment of an Advisory Committee in terms of section 3A of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA). The Advisory Committee will act as a high-level Panel to review policies, legislation and practices on matters related to the breeding, hunting, trade and handling of elephant, lion, leopard and rhinoceros.
The invitation to submit nominations for members of the Panel was published in Government Gazette 42247 (Notice No. 243) on 25 February 2019. The deadline for nominations is 27 March 2019.
The Department of Environmental Affairs has for some time dealt with a number of emotive and complex conservation and sustainable use issues, particularly those involving keystone species. These include the elephant culling debate, the ivory stockpile, trade in rhinoceros horn and the emerging issue of lion bone trade.
It is for this reason that an Advisory Committee will be established in terms of Section 3A of NEMA, read with Section 50(2) of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act No. 10 of 2004) (NEMBA). In addition to the above-mentioned review of policies, legislation and practices the Panel will also review the implementation of the recommendations of the Committee of Inquiry into the feasibility, or not, of a legal rhinoceros horn trade, and any future decisions affecting trade-related proposals to the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
Members of the public or organisations are invited to submit to the Minister, within 30 days after the publication of the notice in the Gazette, written nomination to the following address:
By post to: The Director-General
Department of Environmental Affairs
Attention: Mr Khorommbi Matibe
Chief Director: Biodiversity Economy and Sustainable Use
Private Bag X447
By hand at: Environmental House, 473 Steve Biko Street, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0083.
By e-mail: kmahamba@environment.gov.za or kmatibe@environment.gov.za
Any enquiries in connection with the notice can be directed to Mr Khorommbi Matibe at 082 566 4257 / 012 399 8621 or Mr Khuthadzo Mahamba at 012 399 8845.
To access the Gazetted Notice click on:
» National Environmental Management Act (107/1998): Notice of intention to appoint a high-level panel for review of policies on matters related to management of elephant, lion, leopard, etc (Gn42247)
Comments received after the closing date may be disregarded.
For media inquiries contact:
Albi Modise


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Federal Investment Tax Credit (ITC) For Solar Energy System Installation
The Federal Investment Tax Credit (ITC) for solar energy system installation on your home or business is a huge financial boost to those who care about renewable energy - it gives you a tax rebate of 30% off the costs of purchasing and installing your solar system!
At Sun Solar Electric, we not only can help you decide on which type of solar panels and other system elements to invest in, and then take care of the installation process for you; but we also always help each customer to take advantage of all available incentive programs and rebates - plus, the Federal Solar Energy ITC. We can explain to you the details of how ITC tax credits work and give you a very close estimate on how much you're going to save. We can give you that information both before and after you select your solar products and have them installed, to help facilitate easy budgeting and future planning.
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What Exactly Is the Federal Solar Energy ITC Program?
Since the Federal Investment Tax Credit (ITC) was passed in 2005, home and business owners alike have had federal subsidies available to make installation of new solar panels, accompanying equipment, and other renewable energy systems much more affordable. The basic fact about ITC is you can get a federal tax credit equivalent to 30% of the total costs of purchasing solar energy equipment and installing it on your property.
Originally, ITC was only to continue until 2007, a mere two years. But it has been extended again and again, the most recent extension being passed in 2015 and extending the program through 2021.
Presently, the tax credit is at 30%. But there is a scheduled "weaning" off of federal subsidies planned in the most recent bill passed concerning ITC. The tax credit will reduce to 26% in 202, to 22% in 2021, and in 2022, it will go down to 10% for businesses but there will be no ITC for homeowners (unless, as has often happened in the past, ITC is again extended.)
Also, in the past, owners of newly installed solar energy systems had to have a "fully operable" system in place before claiming the ITC benefit, but under current rules, you can claim it as soon as your system has been installed and/or constructed.
How Does the Federal ITC Program Work?
There's more to know about the Federal ITC program than just the number 30. First of all, you have to qualify for the program. If you are leasing your solar panels or are buying them gradually through a PPA (solar power purchase agreement), then you won't' qualify for the ITC credits.
That's not necessarily a bad thing, however, because a lease or PPA plan might be your best option in some situations - and most companies doing a PPA or leasing your panels to you will pass on at least some of the savings of the Investment Tax Credit, which that company will be eligible to receive directly. But for everyone else, everyone who simply buys their solar system and pays to have it installed, you will indeed qualify for the ITC benefit.
How do you go about taking advantage of the ITC? We at Sun Solar Electric can assist you in doing that. But basically, you claim the tax credit when you file for federal income taxes using IRS Form 5965 (to prove eligibility) and then add relevant information on your 1040 as well. You can simply tell your tax accountant, if you use one, you'll be claiming ITC this year, or we can give you further information on how to make the claim.
Note that this is a tax credit, not a tax deduction. And this is to your benefit. A tax deduction just lowers your amount of taxable income that year, while a tax credit gives you a certain amount of money that is subtracted from your actual owed taxes. And if you owe less in taxes than the total value of the tax credit, you can just use part of it one year and part of it the next year - thus pay zero taxes in year one and discounted taxes in year 2!
Now, you may be wondering if you can just get the $3,000 in cash from the IRS if you don't owe any taxes that year. Unfortunately, the answer is "no" because the tax credit is not designated as "refundable." But, you can use it in pieces across as many as 5 tax returns since you can claim it/part of it for up to 5 years after installing your solar system.
Calculating the ITC Tax Credit
There are some important facts you need to know about how to calculate your ITC benefit when you file your federal tax return. It works differently for homeowners VS business owners. Those who install solar panels on their own homes must first subtract state incentives and local utility rebates to arrive at their "net" installation costs, and then calculate 30% of that number. On commercial properties, it goes by the "gross" installation costs. So, businesses don't have to subtract any incentive and rebate savings first before multiplying by 30%.
That obviously gives a bigger tax credit to businesses, which immediately may strike you as unfair. But there's a reason for this. It's because those rebates and incentives are considered "earned income" and thus taxes when it comes to businesses but are considered "discounts" and thus not taxes when it comes to homeowners.
So, while businesses get a bigger ITC, they also pay more taxes on solar system installation before the ITC kicks in. With homeowners it's the reverse, but it works out about the same.
Benefits of The Federal ITC Program
The single biggest financial cost savings program to home and business owners who choose to "go solar" is the federal Investment Tax Credit discussed above. Whether you are paying cash for a new solar system or rolling its purchase into a home equity loan or regular mortgage, you will save 30% on the cost of solar panel installation via ITC. And even if you don't qualify for ITC because you're on a PPA plan or leasing your solar system, you likely get all or a part of this 30% cost savings passed on to you.
Thus, you can benefit from ITC either directly or indirectly. And since a new California law has required most new construction in our state to be built with solar panels installed on the building or on the property, the importance of the ITC tax credit is even greater for Californians - especially if they plan to buy a brand new home or business property in the near future.
Partly because of ITC, there has been a big boom in roof top and other solar panel installation in California and throughout the United States. The extensions to the program have prolonged this boom, and will prolong it, it seems, at least until 2022. After the 2015 extension, for example, solar industry jobs jumped by 25%, and there was a correspondingly high bump in new panel installations. That kind of trend will likely continue for the next 5 to 10 years or more. This is a great time to install a solar system! And you don't want to wait till the ITC benefit reduces and eventually (perhaps) ends over the next several years and miss out on the benefits.
But also consider how much the ITC bill and its extensions have caused renewable energy to bloom in the US and thus other sources of energy to be used less than they would have been. The industry, home and business owners, and the environment are all being benefited.
Counting the Costs of Solar Energy
Solar energy is free in one sense - there's no tax on sunshine and no work required to keep the sun shining. It's a constant, renewable energy source that will continue as long as there is life on this planet - because we can't live without it! But, effectively and efficiently harvesting the sun's energy does, of course, require work and cost money. Most solar systems cost somewhere in the range of $15,000 today, including parts and installation. That number can be much lower or higher, though, depending on how big of a system you use and which kind.
Different brands and models of solar panel and system equipment also have different price tags on them, different levels of efficiency when used, and different applications where they make the most sense to use. We at Sun Solar Electric can give you multiple different estimates on building and installing your new solar system, based on different possible ways you could have it done. We can explain to you the cost to benefit ratios of each choice as well as how your building's structure or location might impact these choices.
We also are quick to get you every possible state and local incentive or rebate possible and to help you sell back solar power to your electric company to save even more money. But without a doubt, helping you sign up for the Federal Investment Tax Credit is one of the main ways we at Sun Solar Electric minimize your costs for your new solar system.
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The walk commences in Falkirk and shortly takes you to its most notable feature - the Falkirk Wheel. Completed in 2002 as part of the restoration of the the wheel raises and lowers boats 40 metres by a giant wheel- a true feat of modern engineering. The wheel was the final part of the restoration of the Forth and Clyde and Union canals which link Edinburgh and Glasgow.
The wheel is also a good place to explore the remains of the Antonine Wall constructed by the Romans between the Forth and Clyde and a forerunner to Hadrians Wall.
Shortly after the wheel you will enter the Falkirk tunnel. This is 600 metres long but its most impressive feature is that is broad and a minimum of 12 feet high and dug out of solid rock.
The route then carries you over the stunning Avon aqueduct 85 feet high and the second longest in Britain. The route provides an overnight stay in Linlithgow the birthplace of Mary Queen of Scots and a fine historic Scottish town with its ruined castle and high street.
After Linlithgow you will pass through the surreal surroundings of the Shale 'bings' large hills of red earth resulting from the mining industry. The route then crosses the Almond aqueduct another 85 feet high stone structure giving impressive views along the valley.
The canal travels through the outskirts of Edinburgh and terminates in a basin close to the centre of this impressive city.
Why not take an additional night or nights to explore the all that Edinburgh has to offer.


If you have another USB flash drive, you could use it. Sign in 1 4 Don't like this video? PC Review Home Newsgroups > Windows XP > Windows XP Hardware > Home Home Quick Links Search Forums Recent Posts Forums Forums Quick Links Search Forums Recent Posts Articles Articles Quick If this is a 5.25" floppy, take off the silver or black "sticker on the front right side of the disk that covers a cut-out.
How to 198,214 views 3:57 QUITAR LA PROTECCIÓN CONTRA ESCRITURA DE UNA USB, DEVICE MEDIA IS WRITE PROTECTED SOLUCIONADO - Duration: 5:09. B Peabody wrote: > I've replaced both cable and drives without resolving the problem. (In this > replacement, I tried both new drives and cables, and a drive and cable known Your's may have a similar setting. CLOSE News Mobile Applications Iphone Windows Phone Gadgets Design Photography Reviews More Apple Android Windows Phone Iphone Sunday, October 16, 2016 Sign in / Join LOG IN Welcome!
Submit comments to: [email protected] modified on: 6/24/2014Copyright © 1994 - 2014. If it appears to be connected, disconnect, and then reconnect cable to verify cable is seated properly. Note You will not be able to write protect the Windows drive. Britec09 349,480 views 5:21 *The disk is write protected!! - Fix - Duration: 3:57.
Expand» Details Details Existing questions More Tell us some more Upload in Progress Upload failed. Watch QueueQueueWatch QueueQueue Remove allDisconnect Loading... Computer Type PC/Desktop OS Windows 10 CPU Intel i7 4790k Motherboard Asus Republic of Gamers Hero Vii Memory Gskill 16gb (2x8gb) Graphics Card Msi GTX 980 Monitor(s) Displays Asus 27" PSU Tech Zaada 2,981,338 views 8:34 How to Copy Files From a Copy write Protected DVD or CD - Duration: 5:19.
I have put in two other drives, one new, and one > known to work on another system, as well as putting in a different cable. If your floppy cable has more than one connection, verify that you have connected the floppy to the appropriate connection. If the write-protect tab on the floppy is in the proper position, then the write-protect sensor in the floppy disk drive has become defective. Remember: Window open means the disk is write-protected.
Any attempt to store or delete files on a write-protected disk will result in the error: *Protection error* Opening the write-protection window prevents accidental deletion or alteration of disk files. Most drives are keyed so you cannot put a cable on wrong and the cable connector itself may be keyed by having one of the center sockets plugged. In order to ensure that nobody copies files to the 3½ inch Floppy Disk or delete a file/s from Floppy disk, the 3½ inch Floppy disk will be write protected. Just flip the connector over.
That's it, Shawn New 14 Jan 2015 #1 David Bailey View Profile View Forum Posts Banned Join Date : Oct 2013 Harrisonburg, Virginia Posts : 398 OK My System Specs Your the best. Secure Digital (SD) cards have a write-protect tab on the left side. Up next How to Remove Write Protection on Flash Drive - Duration: 5:41.
officeeducation 917 views 2:30 how to remove write protection from pen drive - Duration: 3:05. AntiVirus, Firewalls and System Security New App Installed Notification - Enable or Disable in Windows 10How to Disable 'You have new apps that can open this type of file' Notification in chasgf 12:06 18 Jun 04 The floppies are fine, and not protected. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
Similar Threads Can floppy drive format floppy after change HD to NTFS Peter, Oct 18, 2003, in forum: Windows XP Hardware Replies: 4 Views: 534 Oli Restorick [MVP] Oct 19, 2003 Just click the sign up button to choose a username and then you can ask your own questions on the forum. However, the webpages get saved in... Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply.
attributes disk clear readonly 8. Just move it up or down to lock or unlock. Verify that the diskette is not write protected by sliding the tab into the position not allowing light to shine through it. Watch Queue Queue __count__/__total__ Find out whyClose The disk is write-protected.
Write protection is one of the helpful safety feature that is in built in 3½ inch Floppy Disks. Try what others suggested and then go to buy new one, it costs only about $6. It's easy enough to do and you can still get the cable to seat. Replace the following hardware in the computer in the below order.
A common practice with single-sided floppies was to punch a second notch on the opposite side of the disk to enable use of both sides of the media, creating a flippy These utilities are described in Instructions for Adept Utility Programs. 1 Adept allows formatting of single-sided floppy disks. Working... troubleshooterrors 7,232 views 2:32 How to remove write protection from SD Card - Duration: 2:30.
Is this a USB from a retail box of Windows 10, or a USB that you have previously formatted to make a Windows 10 installation USB on? B Peabody wrote: > I have the same problem. Remove the write protection or use another disk.


text:
Steve Blue
August 29, 1952 -
Steve Blue was born August 29, 1952 in Urbana, a son of Dale I. Blue and Lucille Shoaf Blue.
He was raised in Ludlow on the farm until he moved to Champaign with his mother. He married Bonita Stombaugh in October 1970 in Rantoul.
Steve was a member of Ludlow Methodist Church, he was a Boy Scout in Ludlow and Ch…read more
Steve was a member of Ludlow Methodist Church, he was a Boy Scout in Ludlow and Champaign. He played little league baseball for Vaughn & Bartlow and played football for Franklin Jr. High and Central High School.
He was a member of Local 841 Operators since 1980. Steve worked for Mahomet Township and Leo Bian Construction in the early 70's. He also drove a semi for his mother's trucking company, Shields Trucking for 2 years before starting his own business in October 1975, Blue's Lawngrading and Excavating. During his 47 years in business, he provided grading for Signature Homes, Ironwood Homes and Nelson Construction. He also was a contractor with numerous other businesses. One special job Steve completed was grading the baseball diamond in Savoy that was dedicated in memory of his son, Travis as Travis Field.
Survivors include his wife Bonnie, two brothers, Dale (Kathy) and Jack (Theresa) and three granddaughters. He was preceded in death by his parents, a sister, his son, Travis in 1991 and his daughter, Amy Blue-Short in 2019.
Funeral services will be at 10 a.m., Monday, January 17, 2022 at Trinity Community Fellowship, 1300 W. Clinton Ave., Farmer City. Rev. David Ashby will officiate. Burial will be in Grandview Memorial Gardens, Champaign.
Visitation will be from 3 to 7 p.m., Sunday, January 16, 2022 at Morgan Memorial Home, 1304 Regency Dr. West, Savoy.
In lieu of flowers, donations are suggested to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
Condolences may be offered at morganmemorialhome.com.
Date: Sunday, January 16, 2022
Date: Monday, January 17, 2022
Trinity Community Fellowship
1300 W Clinton Ave
Farmer City, IL 61842
Help tell the story of Steve by contributing to the Life Event Timeline. Upload the photo of an event...
NORM BARTLETT posted on 1/13/22
STEVE ALWAYS HAD A SMILE FOR EVERYONE. STEVE LOVED HIS WIFE, HIS KIDS, AND HIS GRANDKIDS. STEVE TREATED ALL HIS EMPLOYEES AND HIS FRIENDS WITH THE GREATEST RESPECT. WE ALWAYS ADMIRED HIM FOR THAT. HE WILL BE MISSED.
Patrick Green posted on 1/12/22
My deepest sympathies go out to you ,You will be in my thoughts and prayers Bonnie
Greg Grady Monticello IL posted on 1/11/22
Deepest sympathy to Bonnie, Jack, Bud and the entire Blue family.


text:
Tour de France 2019: Daryl Impey pips Tiesj Benoot to clinch first win
Julian Alaphilippe remains the overall leader at the Tour de France after South Africa's Daryl Impey claimed victory in stage nine.
15 July, 2019 01:55 IST
South Africa's Daryl Impey celebrates on the podium after winning the ninth stage of the Tour de France 2019 on Sunday. - AP Photo
Daryl Impey edged a thrilling duel with Tiesj Benoot to claim his first Tour de France victory while Julian Alaphilippe retained his overall lead after stage nine's run from Saint-Etienne to Brioude.
Mitchelton-Scott rider Impey summoned a late burst of energy to surge past Nicolas Roche before getting the better of a sprint finish tussle with Benoot.
No South African had won a tour stage since Robert Hunter in 2007, but Impey joined a 15-man breakaway and then feigned fatigue on the final climb before clinching a dramatic win.
Jan Tratnik (Bahrain-Merida), Oliver Naesen (AG2R La Mondiale) and Jasper Stuyven (Trek-Segafredo) followed Impey and Benoot (Lotto Soudal) over the line, while Alaphilippe (Deceuninck-Quick Step) came home in 35th.
Alaphilippe leads Giulio Ciccone (Trek-Segafredo) and Thibaut Pinot (Groupama-FDJ) in the General Classification standings going into stage 10 on Monday.
RELATED| How the first week of the Tour de France unfolded
On Bastille Day, the early stages of the race saw Alessandro De Marchi involved in a crash that left him bleeding from the head after just 10 kilometers. The 33-year-old was taken to hospital for treatment on deep facial lacerations and his team, CCC, tweeted to confirm he was fully conscious as the race continued in his absence.
After the peloton opened up a time gap of over 10 minutes, Simon Clarke and Garcia Cortina mounted attacks but it was Lukas Postlberger who emerged as the lone leader with 42 kilometers remaining. Postlberger was not caught until the last categorised climb of the stage, as Roche and Benoot launched attacks and the leading group thinned down to seven riders.
Impey's smart race management paid off in the final 7 kilometers as he brushed Roche aside before tussling with Benoot in a tense finish. Benoot finally faltered and Impey held his nerve.
STAGE RESULT
1. Daryl Impey (Mitchelton-Scott) 04:03:12
2. Tiesj Benoot (Lotto-Soudal) - same time
3. Jan Tratnik (Bahrain-Merida) +0:10
4. Oliver Naesen (AG2R La Mondiale) "
5. Jasper Stuyven (Trek-Segafredo) "
CLASSIFICATION STANDINGS
1. Julian Alaphilippe (Deceuninck-Quick Step) 38:37:36
2. Giulio Ciccone (Trek-Segafredo) +0:23
3. Thibaut Pinot (Groupama-FDJ) +0.53
Points Classification
1. Peter Sagan (BORA-Hansgrohe) 204
2. Michael Matthews (Team Sunweb) 144
3. Sonny Colbrelli (Bahrain-Merida) 129
King of the Mountains
1. Tim Wellens (Lotto-Soudal) 43
2. Thomas de Gendt (Lotto-Soudal) 37
3. Giulio Ciccone (Trek-Segafredo) 30
While not quite as fiercely steep as the Macon to Saint-Etienne course, Stage 10 runs from Saint-Four to Albi along a challenging 217.5km route that features three category three climbs.
Tour de France 2019: De Gendt storms to victory as Thomas recovers from crash
Tour de France 2019: Dylan Groenewegen ekes out stage seven win in sprint finish
Tour de France 2019: Geraint Thomas shows title desire as Dylan Teuns earns Stage 6 win


Films have grown so aggressive and jittery that it takes patience to calm down into one like "The River." Its most dramatic moment takes place offscreen. Renoir is not interested in emotional manipulation but in regarding lives as they are lived. Not everyone we like need be successful, and not everyone we dislike need fail. All will be sorted out in the end — or perhaps not, which is also the way time passes and lives resolve themselves.
This article was written by Ebert in 1992. He talks about movies, actors and directors that he has liked over these 25 years. He also talks about why he has been a movie critic for 25 years.
I look at silent movies sometimes, and do not feel I am looking at old films, I feel I am looking at a Now that has been captured. Time in a bottle. When I first looked at silent films, the performers seemed quaint and dated. Now they seem more contemporary than the people in 1980s films. The main thing wrong with a movie that is ten years old is that it isn't 30 years old. After the hair styles and the costumes stop being dated and start being history, we can tell if the movie itself is timeless.
I absolutely love the imagery in Guillermo Del Torro's movies. Here is a needull talking about his trilogy.
Like so many great artists, it doesn't feel like del Toro is being adequately appreciated in his time. There's a reason he was the opening night artist for Roger Ebert's Overlooked Film Festival this year (with his masterful and tragically under-seen "Crimson Peak"). And yet, when I watch these films, along with almost all of his films, I have a distinct sense of timelessness. There is no doubt in my mind that people will be watching, analyzing and discussing "Pan's Labyrinth" decades from now. It gives one that feeling only great art can provide—that it's playing with themes and ideas that have been around for generations, but that it will also outlive us all.
Posted on October 30, 2016 October 29, 2016 by NeelabhPosted in CinemaTagged Gulliermo Del Toro, Roger Ebert.


1.) Peel and slice the ripe bananas into pieces.
2.) Squeeze the oranges for juice and set aside.
3.) In a blender; put in the Ripe bananas, fresh-squeezed orange juice, honey and water.
Blend for about 3-5 minutes.
4.) Serve. Makes 3-4 glasses.
Do you like smoothies? If you like any other recipes, share with us ^_^!!!


text:
'Late Shift': how new film in UAE cinemas allows viewers to pick its ending
CTRLMovie, a new interactive technology, promises to change the moviegoing experience
Haruka Abe, left, and Joe Sowerbutts in a scene from 'Late Shift'. Kino Industries
James Mottram
You're sitting down in the cinema to watch a film. The protagonist on screen is about to make a life-or-death decision. But what if you could influence that?
That's the concept behind CTRLMovie, a game-changing interactive technology that could revolutionise the moviegoing experience. This week, film fans in the UAE will get the chance to tap "Yes" or "No" with the release of Late Shift, a Bafta-winning heist movie concerning the theft of a priceless piece of Ming Dynasty porcelain.
The film, in cinemas from Thursday, is inspired by the bestselling Choose Your Own Adventure fantasy book series, which allows readers to page-turn to different destinies.
"Late Shift is genuinely the first 'choose your own adventure' film ever made," says its Lebanese producer Chady Eli Mattar.
In 2017, he teamed up with Tobias Weber, the Swiss-born director of Late Shift and inventor of the CTRLMovie technology, to form Kino Industries. The company now strikes deals with major studios as Hollywood begins to explore this vibrant new format.
The concept is simple enough: ticketholders can download an app on their phone, which is then used during the film to vote on story points at vital moments in the narrative.
"Obviously the choice goes to the majority, and then it changes the storyline," says Mattar. "You never watch the same film twice. You have almost in the billions of possibilities."
With 180 "decision points", more than four hours of filmed material and seven alternate endings, the pathways through Late Shift do indeed seem almost unlimited.
British actor Joe Sowerbutts stars in the film as Matt, a student who becomes embroiled in a theft at a London auction house. It has already been released in Asia, appearing in cinemas in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore and even at the Beijing International Film Festival. At a time when cinemas are struggling, owing to the rise of streaming platforms and the Covid-19 pandemic, it's a novel way to entice people back to the movies, says Mattar.
"It's the core heart of a communal experience. You really have to see it in the theatre with people to believe it because the reaction is off the charts."
'Late Shift', a film also available on gaming platforms, allows viewers to choose how the film's events unfold. Kino Industries
The film is also available on gaming platforms – meaning you could theoretically sit at home and entirely influence the decision-making process. This is hardly new in the gaming universe, with PlayStation titles such as the film noir Heavy Rain (2010) and Beyond: Two Souls (2013) having already experimented with the format.
Similarly, Netflix produced interactive episodes of Black Mirror (2018's Bandersnatch) and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt (2020's Kimmy vs the Reverend), allowing users to influence the outcome via their remote control.
The difference of watching in cinemas is that it plays into the idea of the communal experience. Already, says Mattar, the team behind the film have witnessed groups of friends return for a second viewing, this time with bigger numbers to "overtake the house" and influence the outcome of the story.
"We've seen it many times," he says. "It becomes of this rivalry … we're going to take over and we're going to do whatever we want." Those who have seen the film already can also influence the party. "They're like 'Don't make that choice! Why would you choose this?'"
As a business model, CTRLMovie technology bucks the idea that the cinema isn't designed for repeat business. In essence, audiences watch a film and rarely come back for seconds – although Hollywood's love of sequels, prequels and spin-offs has been designed to create brand loyalty.
Lebanese producer Chady Mattar is one of the co-founders of Kino Industries. Chady Mattar
"But what if you have the opportunity to actually go back to the same thing you loved so much and alter it, play with it and dive deeper into it?" says Mattar, who points out that Late Shift has an average viewership of 3.7 times. "That's higher than Avatar repeat business."
The question is, however, is this a gimmick or the start of a big-screen revolution? The answer could be both. Cast your mind back to James Cameron's sci-fi epic Avatar and you'll recall that the 3D format was set to dramatically shift the cinemagoing landscape – and for a while it remained hugely popular. But audience tastes change. Then again, it's easy to see CTRLMovie becoming a theatrical staple, alongside singalong screenings of musicals or broadcasts of live concerts and plays.
Whether cinema chains – already beleaguered after the financial disaster of closed screens amid the pandemic – will be brave enough to show Late Shift remains to be seen.
"I think exhibitors … to differentiate themselves and make themselves more valuable and [more] into the 21st century and digital world, they have to take in new technologies, they have to give their users experiences and reasons to come back to the cinema," says Mattar. "Everybody has a big screen now. Everybody has access to great content. Exhibition needs something new."
He pays tribute to Middle East cinema chain Vox for being forward-thinking in this regard. "I would say Vox is, right now, the leader of this in the world."
At a time when the theatrical box office is being cannibalised by simultaneous streaming releases – as seen with Disney films Cruella, Black Widow and Jungle Cruise – Vox's stance is certainly innovative.
"They will be taking CTRLMovie in Saudi Arabia and I think that will set a flag that is just incredible."
Scarlett Johansson sues Disney over 'Black Widow' streaming release
As far as the future is concerned, Mattar believes Late Shift is just the start. Already in talks with Steven Spielberg's company Amblin, as well as major Hollywood studios including Paramount and Disney, Kino Industries is developing interactive movies in myriad genres.
With everything from romantic comedies and a Christmas-themed movie to – believe it or not – a documentary and biopic, there's even an animated series aimed at children and inspired by the Choose Your Own Adventure series.
Remarkably, Kino Industries has also developed software to allow studio executives to read scripts in the same interactive fashion.
"You could theoretically have written your script on [screenwriting program] Final Draft and you import it into our software, and it basically creates those [narrative] branches for you," Mattar says.
The "all-encompassing" technology is ready; but will it catch on? Mattar is convinced it will. "We believe this is going to be the future in entertainment."
Late Shift is at Vox cinemas in the UAE from Thursday
Updated: August 2nd 2021, 4:53 AM
Touching short film about a Syrian refugee debuts at Expo 2020 Dubai
Which major awards shows have been affected by Covid?
Hollywood stars back Emma Watson on Palestinian solidarity post
'Rust' film armourer blames ammunition supplier in lawsuit


U.S. Courts Can Provide Discovery To Foreign Proceedings, Heraeus Kulzer, GmbH v. Biomet, Inc. and In Re Chevron Corp.
Ukrainian prosecutors on Feb. 3 conducted a 14-hour search of the central office in Kyiv of Magisters, a leading Ukrainian law firm.
Online Marketing -- Why Lawyers Need It!
Online marketing of legal services has become an essential ingredient in developing a growing law practice. The following link to a website provider Findlaw addresses some of the questions you may have regarding its benefits and easy of setup. Note that the web has many providers and you should search the Internet to find the one best suited to your practice and pocketbook.
Former presidential candidate and U.S. Rep. Dennis Kucinich, D-Ohio, is suing the U.S. House of Representatives cafeteria for selling him a sandwich wrap in 2008 containing an olive pit that allegedly caused oral injuries. The lawsuit, filed in Superior Court for the District of Columbia earlier this month, seeks $150,000 in damages from the companies that operate the House cafeteria for selling food that was "unfit for human consumption" that Kucinich claims caused "significant pain, suffering and loss of enjoyment."
More than 5,000 attorney positions were eliminated last year undefined a downsizing greater than the legal profession has seen in the previous 30 years, according to a National Law Journal report on a survey of law firms throughout the country. Competition for the few jobs available has remained extreme as employers often receive resumes from hundreds of well-qualified attorneys for one position.
The feasibility of lawyers having a "Virtual Office" was the subject of a presentation at the 2009 UABA Convention in Punta Cana, DR. [available to members on the UABA website] The following article expounds on the subject and may give some additional insight into the possibilities of practicing law "in the cloud".
The newly adopted Tax Code of Ukraine ("Code"), effective starting 1 January 2011, has significantly increased royalty payments and charges for subsoil use. Royalty payments rise approximately 16 percent for natural gas and almost 29 percent for oil and gas condensate. Charges for subsoil use increase approximately by 66 percent per ton of oil and gas condensate and almost 90 percent per 1,000 m3 for natural gas.
UABA Law Journal A woman who sued her employer claiming discrimination can't shield her lawyer e-mails in the litigation because they were sent from her work e-mail account, a California appeals court has ruled.
By Judge Bohdan Futey: Constitutional Court recently overturned the "political reform" of 2004 that had dramatically altered the country's system of government. Only a year and a half earlier, however, the court refused to hear a similar procedural challenge to that reform. This change of course may cause legal confusion. In future decisions, the court should recognize the value of consistency.


The satisfaction of living in a beautiful and functional home of your own design is hard to describe. The floor plans on this web site are great starting points for generating ideas that will lead to your very own custom plan. The following is the typical planning process used by Tomahawk Log and Country Homes.
1. The custom planning process begins with your ideas and rough sketches. Primary views, traffic flow patterns, room locations, room sizes and house styles are taken into consideration. Initial budget discussions are also helpful in the early phases of your floor plan development.
2. TLCH's qualified sales staff uses your initial ideas, information and sketches to develop a scale drawing. Adjustments are made to assure a functional, buildable and cost-effective plan. This drawing will show room dimensions, window and door locations, and porch and deck sizes. After the scale drawing is developed, TLCH will prepare a material package proposal.
3. Preliminary blueprints are developed. Our design staff uses the latest CAD equipment to develop 1/4" scale floor plans and four elevations. This is when you, the homeowner, will make a small monetary commitment. This payment applies toward the purchase of your Tomahawk Log Home.
You will receive two sets of preliminary blueprints; one to keep and one to return to us with any final revisions that need to be made.
These one-time revisions are at no extra cost. These preliminary blueprints are helpful in acquiring building permits, procuring financing and obtaining bids from local sub contractors. Additional copies of the blueprints will be provided upon request.
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Ionic bond – froms by exchanging of valence electrons between atoms.
Covalent bonds – froms by sharing of electrons between atoms.
Metallic bonds – found in metals.
Corrosion is a gradual chemical or electromechemical attack on a metal by its surrounding medium. Due to the corrosion, metal starts getting converted into an oxide, salt or some other compound. Corrosion of a metals is effected by many factors such as air, industrial atmosphere, acid, bases, slat solutions and soils etc. Corrosion has a very adverse effect on materials. Due to corrosion, the strength and life of a material is reduced.
Corrosion resistance of a material is the ability of material to resist the oxidation in atmospheric condition. Generally pure metals such as iron, copper, aluminum etc. gets corroded in slowly in atmosphere. To avoid the corrosion of these metal in pure form, we use these metals in the form of alloys such as stainless steel, brass, bronze, German silver, Gunmetal etc.
Acidity or Alkalinity is an important chemical property of engineering materials. A material is acetic or Alkane, it is decided by the ph value of the material. Ph value of a material varies from 0 to 14. Ph value of 7 is considered to be neutral. Ordinary water is having ph value of 7. The materials which are having ph value below 7 are called Acetic and Materials which are having ph value greater than 7 are called alkane. Acidity of Alkalinity of material indicates that how they react with other materials.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Parton-hadron duality is generally defined as
the similarity between hadronic cross sections
in the Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) region  and in the resonance region.
It encompasses therefore a range of phenomena where one expects to observe a
transmogrification from partonic to hadronic
degrees of freedom, a question, the latter, at the very heart of Quantum ChromoDynamics
(QCD).

A number of experiments were conducted in the early days of QCD
where the onset of parton-hadron duality was observed as the
equivalence between the {\em continuation} of the smooth curve
describing different observables from a wide variety of high energy and
large momentum transfer
reactions
-- structure functions, sum rules, $R(s)$ for $e^+e^- \rightarrow$ hadrons,
heavy meson decays... --
and the same observables in the low energy region
characterized by low final state invariant mass values and
resonance structure.
A fully satisfactory theoretical description of this phenomenon, that became to be
accepted as a ``natural'' feature of hadronic interactions, is still nowadays
very difficult to obtain. Recent progress both on the theoretical and experimental
side \cite{Jlab,Hermes}, has however both renovated and reinforced the hadronic
physics community's interest in this subject as also demonstrated by the very lively
discussions among participants in the present Workshop.

In our contribution to the Workshop, we present evidence that standard
Perturbative QCD (PQCD) approaches in the large Bjorken $x$ region
might not be adequate to describe
parton-hadron duality. In particular, by conducting an analysis of the most
recent polarized and
unpolarized inclusive electron scattering data, we unravel a discrepancy in the behavior
of the extracted power corrections from the DIS and resonance regions, respectively.

\section{Overview of data and QCD-based Interpretation}
Parton-hadron duality being the idea that the outcome of any
hard scattering process is determined by the
initial scattering process among elementary constituents -- the
quarks and gluons -- independently from the hadronic phase
of the reaction, is a well rooted concept in our current view
of all high energy phenomena.
Bloom and Gilman (BG) duality \cite{BG} is the extension of this idea
to a kinematical region characterized
by lower center of mass energies of the hard scattering process.
Recently, more accurate experimental data have been collected that allow us to
explore in detail this phenomenon. Besides the already mentioned
new data on both inclusive electron-proton scattering \cite{Jlab}, and
polarized inclusive electron-proton scattering \cite{Hermes}, several
additional data sets and hadronic reactions were measured in the resonance region:
polarized inclusive electron-proton scattering at Jefferson Lab kinematics
\cite{Fat,Eg1},
$\tau \rightarrow \nu +$ hadrons \cite{SHI},
$\gamma p \rightarrow \pi^+ n$ \cite{Zhu,gao}, and, finally,
inclusive electron-nucleus scattering \cite{Arr} (most of the recent data were
presented and discussed at this Workshop, see also \cite{Wally_rev} for
a recent review of both theoretical and experimental results).

A particularly interesting result was found
in studies of inclusive reactions with no hadrons in the
initial state, such as $e^+e^- \rightarrow$ hadrons, and
hadronic $\tau$ decays \cite{SHI}. It was
pointed out that, because of the truncation of the PQCD
asymptotic series, terms including
quark and gluon condensates play an increasing role as the center
of mass energy of the process decreases.
Oscillations in the physical observables were then found
to appear if the condensates are calculated in an instanton
background. Such oscillating structure, calculated in \cite{SHI}
for values of the center of mass energy above the
resonance region, is
damped at high energy, hence warranting the onset of parton-hadron
duality.

In what follows we examine a related question,
namely whether it is possible to extend the picture of duality
explored in the higher $Q^2$ region \cite{SHI}, to the resonance region,
or to the BG domain.
A necessary condition is to determine
whether the curve from the perturbative regime smoothly
interpolates through the resonances, or whether, instead, violations of this
correspondence occur.
The latter would indicate that we are entering
a semi-hard phase of QCD, where preconfinement effects might arise.
Our analysis of ``duality violations'' requires a sufficiently large and accurate set
of data. We have applied it therefore to both the unpolarized and polarized
inclusive measurements of proton structure functions in the resonance region.

\section{Monitoring the Transition between pQCD and npQCD}
We outline two important procedures for the study of parton-hadron
duality in structure functions: {\it i)} the {\em continuation} of DIS curve
into the resonance
region; {\it ii)} the {\em averaging} of the resonances.
Although these concepts are equivalently found in a number of different reactions,
and in different channels (see {\it e.g.} \cite{Wally_rev,SHI}),
in this contribution we concentrate on
the proton structure functions $g_1$ and $F_2$, for polarized, and unpolarized
electron scattering, respectively.

\subsection{Continuation of DIS Curve}
It is important to define exactly what one means by  ``continuation''
of the DIS curve, in order to be able to define whether parton-duality can be
considered to be fulfilled.
The accuracy of current data
allows us, in fact, to address the question of
{\em what extrapolation from the large $Q^2$, or asymptotic
regime
the cross sections in the resonance region should be compared to}.
In principle any extrapolation
from high to low $Q^2$ is expected to be fraught with
theoretical uncertainties ranging from the propagation of
the uncertainty on $\displaystyle \alpha_S(M_Z^2)$
into the resonance region
to the appearance of different types
of both perturbative and power corrections in the low $Q^2$ regime.
All of these aspects need therefore to be evaluated carefully.

Our approach applies to the {\em large Bjorken} $x$ behavior of inclusive
data. We therefore consider:

\vspace{0.2cm}
\noindent {\bf (a)} Non-Singlet (NS) Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs)
evolved at Next to Leading Order (NLO);

\noindent {\bf (b)} PQCD evolution using the scale $\approx Q^2(1-z)$
which properly takes into account integration over the parton's transverse momentum
\cite{Brodsky,Roberts};

\noindent {\bf (c)}  Target Mass Corrections (TMCs).

\vspace{0.2cm}
\noindent
We perform an extensive study of inclusive data in the resonance region by
extrapolating to this region all available parameterizations
of PDFs, which can be considered pure DIS, down to the
measured ranges for $x$, $Q^2$, and final state invariant
mass, $W^2=Q^2(1-x)/x + M^2$.
Our general approach for both the unpolarized structure function $F_2(x,Q^2)$, and the polarized
one, $g_1(x,Q^2)$ is described in detail in \cite{BFL1}.
An important point illustrated also in \cite{BFL1} is that
the uncertainty due to the use of different
parameterizations can be taken into account by a band that is
currently smaller than the experimental one in the region of interest.
A potential theoretical error in the
extrapolation of the ratios to low $Q^2$ could be generated
by the propagation of the error in $\alpha_S(M_Z^2)$.
However, because
at large $x$ perturbative evolution involves only Non-Singlet (NS) distributions,
we expect it to affect minimally the extrapolation of
the initial pQCD distribution, even to the low values of
$W^2$ considered.

The problem of resumming the
large logarithm terms arising at large $x$ was first noticed in a pioneering paper
\cite{Brodsky}. There it was shown how this type of resummation can be taken care of
by considering the correct definition of the upper limit of integration for the transverse
momentum in the ladder diagrams defining the leading log approximation. This implies
replacing $Q^2$ with $\approx \widetilde{W}^2=Q^2(1-z)$, {\it i.e.} an invariant mass,
in the evolution
equations. Such a procedure was used to obtain our results
both in Refs.\cite{BFL1,SIMO1}, and in the current contribution.

Finally, TMCs are expected to be important at $W^2 \rightarrow M^2$.
Although TMCs are kinematic in nature and their
contribution to the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) was calculated
early on \cite{GP}, their effect on structure functions evolution
cannot be evaluated
straightforwardly at leading twist since a truncation of the twist
expansion brings inevitably to a mismatch between the Bjorken $x$
supports of the TM-corrected and the ``asymptotic'' results \cite{Mir}.
The extent of this mismatch is, however, small
in the DIS region thus rendering approximated treatments applicable \cite{GP}.
In the resonance region the discrepancies arising in the \cite{GP} approach
can be large. We adopt, therefore, the prescription of Ref.
\cite{Mir}, according to which
the twist expansion for the standard moments Mellin
of the structure function including TMCs is
truncated consistently at the same order in $1/Q^2$
for both the kinematic terms and the dynamical higher twists.
As noticed already in \cite{SIMO1}, this method applies
for sufficiently small values of the expansion parameter
$\approx 4M^2x^2/Q^2$. In addition, we have control on
the uncertainty which is a term of
$O(1/Q^4)$.

\subsection{Averaging Procedure}
Resonant data can be averaged over, according to different procedures
We considered
the following complementary methods:
\label{average}
\begin{eqnarray}
& & I(Q^2)  =  \int^{x_{\mathrm{max}}}_{x_{\mathrm{min}}}
 F_2^{\mathrm{res}}(x,Q^2) \; dx
\label{Ires}
\\ \nonumber \\
& & M_n(Q^2)   =  {\displaystyle \int_0^1} dx \, \xi^{n-1} \, \frac{F_2^{\mathrm{res}}(x,Q^2)}{x} \,
\, p_n
\label{moment}
\\ \nonumber \\
& & F_2^{\mathrm{ave}}(x,Q^2(x,W^2))  =  F_2^{\mathrm{Jlab}}(\xi,W^2)
\label{F2ave}
\end{eqnarray}
where $F_2^{\mathrm{res}}$ is evaluated using the experimental data
in the resonance region
\footnote{Similar formulae hold for the polarized structure function, $g_1$.}.
In Eq.(\ref{Ires}), for each $Q^2$ value:
$x_{\mathrm{min}}=Q^2/(Q^2+W_{\mathrm{max}}^2-M^2)$, and
$x_{\mathrm{max}}=Q^2/(Q^2+W_{\mathrm{min}}^2-M^2)$.
$W_{\mathrm{min}}$ and $W_{\mathrm{max}}$ delimit either
the whole resonance region, {\it i.e.}
$W_{\mathrm{min}} \approx 1.1$ GeV$^2$, and $W_{\mathrm{max}}^2 \approx 4$ GeV$^2$,
or smaller intervals within it.
In Eq.(\ref{moment}), $\displaystyle \xi$
is the Nachtmann
variable \cite{NAC}, and $M_n(Q^2)$ are Nachtmann moments \cite{NAC}.
The r.h.s. of Eq.(\ref{F2ave}), $\displaystyle F_2^{\mathrm{Jlab}}(\xi,W^2)$,
is a smooth fit to the resonant data \cite{Jlab}, valid
for $1< W^2 <4$ GeV$^2$;
$F_2^{\mathrm{ave}}$ symbolizes the
average taken at the $\displaystyle Q^2 \equiv (x,W^2)$ of the data.

\section{Results}
After describing our program to address quantitatively all sources of
theoretical errors started in \cite{SIMO1,BFL1}, in Fig.1 we
present our main results on the extraction of
the dynamical Higher Twist (HT) terms from the resonance region.
A clear discrepancy marking perhaps a {\em breakdown of
the twist expansion} at low values of $W^2$ is seen for the
unpolarized structure
function, $F_2$ (upper panel). A comparison with other  results obtained
in the DIS region \cite{MRST04} is also shown.
For the polarized structure function, $g_1$, we added to our previous
analysis data from \cite{Fat} at $Q^2 = 0.65, 1, 1.2$ GeV$^2$.
In addition, we used the experimental values of the ratio
$R=\sigma_L/\sigma_T$ from recent Jefferson Lab measurements in
the resonance region \cite{Kep_priv} which introduce an oscillation
around the original result of about $2\%$, well within the error bars.
A complete presentation and discussion of these results along with
comparisons with other extractions \cite{Sidorov,Stam} will
be given in a forthcoming paper \cite{FL_inprep}.
From the figure one can see that although the trend seen in \cite{BFL1}
of a large violation of duality at $Q^2 \approx 1$ GeV$^2$ seems
to be confirmed,
more polarized data at large $x$ are needed in order to
draw definite conclusions.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[height=.5\textheight]{unpol_chtnew.eps}
  \includegraphics[height=.5\textheight]{pol_fatemi_r.eps}
  \caption{Upper panel: Comparison of HT contributions for the
structure function $F_2$
in the DIS and resonance regions, respectively.
The full circles are the values obtained
in the resonance region \protect\cite{BFL1}.
For $F_2$ these are compared with extractions using DIS data,
from \protect\cite{MRST04}.
Lower panel: ratio of the experimental data on $g_1$
\protect\cite{Hermes,Fat} and the PQCD extrapolation to
the resonance region \protect\cite{FL_inprep}.
Notice that the new results obtained using data
from \protect\cite{Fat} agree
with the trend of the Hermes data.}
\end{figure}

\vspace{0.3cm}
This work is partially  supported (S.L.) by the U.S.
Department of Energy grant no. DE-FG02-01ER41200.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv