Qn 1: When did you start getting interested in Technology?
I started somewhere in my primary school where I joined the robotics CCA, building Lego robots to solve missions. For example, some of these missions simulate the real world natural disasters. Our task then was to build a robot to overcome the challenges in those missions. That was when I first encountered coding and felt that this was really what I wanted to do in the future.
So I decided to go for Direct Polytechnic Admission in secondary school to study Diploma in Information Technology.
Qn 2: So you already knew from then that you want a diploma in Information Tech?
Actually, I'm more interested in the cybersecurity aspect. But I did not take that up because I did not wish to focus on any single aspect only. I prefer to look at IT as a whole as everything is and should be interlinked. So, I chose Diploma in IT because in year 3, I can specialise in cybersecurity if I change my mind in the future. This way, I get to keep my options open and enjoy the best of both worlds.
Qn 3: When did you start envisioning creating your own company?
It was around when I was in year 1 in poly. I learnt a lot of things on software development and my friend and I decided to form a software development company in late 2013.
He worked his way up through sheer curiosity and unwavering determination.
He starts his way up through sheer curiosity and also hard work.
Qn 4: Did your parents know about it and did they support you?
Actually no, I haven't really told them that I have a company yet. They wanted me to focus on my studies. But I rather put less emphasis on school as there's a lot of valuable lessons I can learn outside of school, from the workforce. Unlike other industries, the IT industry is constantly evolving at a rapid pace. The school would not be able to keep up with this rapid change in landscape. That was why we created this company, so we can experience the dynamics of this industry. However, I think my parents more or less know what I'm doing. While they don't discourage me from doing it now, they still want me to put my studies first.
Qn 5: How did you find the talent for your company?
Our teams are mostly made up of my seniors from Nanyang Poly. I have always asked my seniors for advice in school work. That's how I knew most of them. Right now, they are not just my seniors but also important members of our company.
Qn 6: What is your 5-year plan?
We are actually going through a transition, so now we are doing much more than website and software development.
We have divided the company into four main areas. First up is the modern workplace. When we first started Feezmodo, we rented an office space for work. But as we progressed, we realized that there was no one is using the office space as we can work anywhere as long as we have our laptops with us. This is especially so for millennials, where they work from different devices and locations. A common problem that millennials often face is the lack of access to the company's email via their personal devices such as their phones and laptops.
On the other hand, companies will have some security concerns over accessing corporate data via personal devices. So that's one of the key areas where we will be addressing. We want to enable the employees to have the flexibility to work from anywhere and anytime they want. Also, company can rest assured that their corporate data will stay protected at all times.
Second focus for Feezmodo will be building an integrated software system. This is especially important in companies where they have a lot of different systems operating independent of one another. Integration will streamline and enable automation to replace arduous manual labour, freeing up valuable human resources so they that can become more efficient and productive. The same team will also be building our own software solutions that will help our customers to be even more productive.
The third focus is data analytics and AI. Right now, while a lot of companies are aware of the importance of data analysis. But they do not know where to start and how to take full advantage of their data. So that's where we come in. The company simply give us the data they would like to analyse. Our data scientist will help them do data cleaning and display the result on a nice and neat dashboard.
For example, companies usually use excel spreadsheets for financial reporting. But in our approach, we automate this by integrating with their accounting system and automatically generate financial report automatically using our software solution. Since everything is automated, it will save lots of time and labour which translate to cost reduction.
Lastly, we have Security and Compliance. There are a lot of security regulations such as the Singapore PDPA, which is a law that requires companies to protect user data. Failure to do so will result in being fined and warning being issued. Likewise, in the European Union, there is the GDPR which is very similar to the PDPA in Singapore.
A lot of companies are looking into ways to stay compliant with these regulations but they are also clueless in terms of how to achieve this and the cost of compliance. So we are developing various solutions to protect our customer's data and stay compliant to these regulations.
These are the 4 areas that Feezmodo will be focusing on in the next 5 years.
Qn 7: Advice for newcomers into this industry?
First a specialist, leader or expert in that particular field. You must focus on what you are really good at. Once you know your forte, you can then start to diversify. This will allows you to gain insights from a different perspective and apply them in problem-solving in the real world.
A big thank you to Liu Lung Hao for willing to take part in this interview! We hope that his company will keep on improving and also become an internationally and regionally recognised name in the future! All the best!


text:
Peyton Manning Boards the Trump Train
Peyton Manning is speaking alongside Trump and Pence, after going all in for Jeb Bush in the primary.
Kelly Weill
Updated Apr. 11, 2017 4:10PM ET / Published Jan. 26, 2017 3:16PM ET
USA Today Sports / Reuters
For nearly a year, Donald Trump's crush on Peyton Manning went unrequited, but now the former quarterback appears to have had a change of heart. Manning spoke just after Trump and Vice President Mike Pence at a Republican retreat in Philadelphia this week.
Manning, a two-time Super Bowl champion, has often given money to major Republicans, with Trump as notable exception. A donor to George W. Bush's 2004 reelection campaign, and Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential bid, Manning donated to primary candidate Jeb Bush in 2015, but not to the GOP's general election candidate. The announcement that Manning would join Trump and Pence at a GOP event sparked speculation that he might be considering a political career of his own.
In February 2016, Trump voiced his support for Peyton Manning.
"I very much have always liked Peyton Manning," Trump told CBS News in advance of the Super Bowl, where Manning and the Denver Broncos were due to face off against the Carolina Panthers. "He is a very good guy. I know him. And he is a very, very good guy. So, I have to go with the person I know and I like. I like the other team. I think the other team looks fantastic. Probably, they would be favored by something. But I will stick with Peyton, because he is a very good guy."
But just four months earlier, Manning and his brother Eli had both given maximum donations of $2,700 to Bush, FEC filings show. Bush, in a rare win, flaunted Manning's support, announcing that he would supporting Manning in the Super Bowl, "because he's for me." Bush later made the questionable decision of announcing — during a South Carolina rally—that he supported Manning's Broncos over the Carolina Panthers "not because of the Broncos, but because Peyton Manning wrote me a check."
More recently, Trump name-checked Manning while fending off allegations that he packed a speech to the CIA with his own staffers to give the impression of support from the intelligence community.
"I got a standing ovation," Trump told ABC's David Muir of his speech to the CIA. "In fact, they said it was the biggest standing ovation since Peyton Manning had won the Super Bowl and they said it was equal. I got a standing ovation. It lasted for a long period of time. ... I know when I do good speeches. I know when I do bad speeches. That speech was a total home run. They loved it."
Trump's son, Donald Jr. also cozied up to Manning in July, when he Instagrammed a picture of himself with the football player at a Mississippi county fair.
But Manning has previously appeared reluctant to discuss Trump.
Informed that Trump called him a "good guy" in February, Manning said he hadn't heard the compliment, but that "I've met Donald Trump, I've played a round of golf with him a few times out in Tahoe … The times I've been around him, he's been extremely nice to me."
Asked if he was rooting for Trump in the Iowa caucus that night, Manning replied "I'm rooting for the Broncos … I'm just a meathead football player. That's all I know."
Manning is far from apolitical, however, with over a decade of political contributions to Republican candidates. In addition to maxed-out $2,700 donation to Jeb Bush in 2015, he also gave $5,000 to Romney Victory, Inc. in November 2012, and the maximum $2,000 to George W. Bush's reelection campaign in 2004. He is also a frequent donor to Republicans in Tennessee, where he attended college (and where he was accused of pushing his genitals against a female trainer's face).
In 2006 and 2009, Manning donated to campaigns for Senator Bob Corker of Tennessee, whom Trump reportedly considered for Secretary of State, before allegedly nixing the 5'7" legislator as too short for the post. Trump's team also reportedly worried about allegations that Corker had used his used his office to invest in companies owned by friends and donors.
Manning also gave $2,600 to Senator Lamar Alexander's reelection campaign, and $2,300 to the doomed 2008 presidential campaign of Law & Order actor-turned-Tennessee Senator Fred Thompson.
The ex-quarterback's longtime political involvement, plus his carefully maintained image (minus the allegations that he pushed his genitals against a female trainer's face), might make the newly retired Manning a prime candidate for a political career. In March, he and his brother Eli are scheduled to speak at an annual luncheon hosted by the Long Island Association, a business group that has previously hosted George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, Dick Cheney, and Rudy Giuliani.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you have observed in the first photo that this is a plant that grows near the water & it is abundantly seen during the rainy season. There are many delicacies made using this leaf as the main ingredient! Now, start guessing.
Note: I am currently enjoying my vacation & will be back after couple of weeks!!
Update: All of you have guessed it right. They are colocasia leaves used in making pathrode/pathra. Will give a tough one next time! Thanks for participating.
Tried and Tested event round up!
Thank you all for sending in your entries for the event. It was a treat to navigate through Prathibha's recipes. Also, sorry for absconding without notice. I was/am on a vacation & enjoying with my loved ones.
Here are the recipes that were tested.
Priya of Priya's Easy N Tasty Recipes has sent in 2 entries.
1. creamy cauliflower soup, a perfect kick start to the meal from here.
PJ of Seduce Your Tastebuds tried the appetizer tadka bread with yogurt dip from here.
Krithi of Krithi's Kitchen tried the pasta in white sauce with roasted vegetables from here.
Swetha of Our Cherished World tried the main course cauliflower green peas curry from here.
Shubhashree of Kuchmeredilnekaha, a new member to the foodie blog world has sent in three entries.
1. Golden corn pulao from here.
3. Egg less instant brownie from here.
Denny of Oh Taste n see, tried the very different salad Tabbouleh from here.
CurryLeaf of tastycurryleaf, has tried the Mango Shrikarani from here.
Priya (Yallapantula) Mitharwal of Mharo Rajasthan's Recipes, has tried the rava pongal from here.
Lubna of Kitchenflavors has tried capsicum-baby corn ki sabzi from here.
At last my entries to the event.
2. Paal payasam from here.
It was a pleasure doing the round up. I hope to have covered all the entries sent. Kindly let me know if I have missed any.


text:
35 Marlborough
35 Marlborough (2013)
Lot 20′ x 112′ (2,240sf)
35 Marlborough is located on the north side of Marlborough, between Arlington and Berkeley, with 33 Marlborough to the east and 37 Marlborough to the west
35 Marlborough was built ca. 1869, one of three contiguous houses (35-37-39 Marlborough) designed by Emerson and Fehmer, architects, and built by I. & H. M. Harmon, masons, at about the same time.
Bainbridge Bunting's Houses of Boston's Back Bay does not attribute 35-37-39 Marlborough to a specific architect. However, a March 8, 1869, article in the Boston Traveller on "Real Estate Movements" included the following: "On Marlboro' street, one each for H. C. Dodge, C. W. Freeland, and G. A. Newell. I & H. M. Harmon are the builders. Emerson & Fehmer are the architects."
The land on which 35 Marlborough was built was part of a larger parcel of land originally purchased from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on November 6, 1858, by George Goss. He and his partner, Norman Carmine Munson, were the contractors responsible for filling the Commonwealth's Back Bay lands. The original parcel ran from where 9 Marlborough would be built west to Berkeley Street, comprising 17 lots with either 24 foot or 25 foot frontages. On the same day he purchased the land, George Goss sold the lots to nine different buyers, who then resold them to others.
Between July and October of 1865, Charles William Freeland made a series of purchases from those who had bought land originally part of George Goss's tract. He assembled a parcel with a frontage of 248 feet where 21-39 Marlborough would be built.
Charles Freeland was a merchant, cotton manufacturer, and real estate developer. He and his wife, Sarah Ward (Harrington) Freeland, lived at 117 Beacon.
He built the houses at 21-23-25-27 Marlborough for sale to others, and sold the land where 29-31-33-35 Marlborough would be built. In the case of 37-39 Marlborough, he sold the land for 39 Marlborough, but retained the land for 37 Marlborough until after the house had been built.
Click here for an index to the deeds for 35 Marlborough, and click here for further information about the land on the north side of Marlborough from Arlington to Berkeley, south of Alley 421.
35-41 Marlborough and 301 Berkeley, detail from photograph looking north on Berkeley (ca. 1905); courtesy of the Print Department, Boston Public Library
On March 30, 1869, the land for 35 Marlborough was purchased from Charles Freeland by Eliza Maria (Buckman) Newell, the wife of clothing merchant George A. Newell. They previously had lived at 40 Staniford. Their unmarried son, Edward Augustus Newell, a dry goods merchant, lived with them until about 1894, after which he made his home in Wilton, New Hampshire.
On April 20, 1894, Eliza Newell transferred 35 Marlborough into her husband's name.
The Newells continued to live at 35 Marlborough until George Newell's death in September of 1895.
On November 12, 1895, 35 Marlborough was purchased from the estate of George Newell by Miss Katharine F. Holland, a dressmaker. Living with her were her brother-in-law and sister, James Lawrence Johnston and Ellen (Holland) Johnston. James Johnston was a liquor dealer. They all previously had lived in Dorchester. The Johnstons also maintained a home in Cohasset.
Also living with them was Florence Marie Treanor, the niece of Katharine Holland and Ellen (Holland) Johnston (the daughter of their sister, Annie, wife of Hugh Treanor). She married in January of 1904 to Edward Gibson Hynes, a physician from Brooklyn, New York.
Katharine Holland and the Johnstons continued to live at 35 Marlborough during the 1904-1905 winter season. By 1906, the Johnstons (and possibly Miss Holland) were living in an apartment at 416 Marlborough.
35-41 Marlborough (betw. 1905 and 1923, and probably ca. 1910); courtesy of Robert Gray
On July 14, 1905, 35 Marlborough was purchased from Katharine Holland by Thacher Loring. He and his wife, Margaret Fuller (Channing) Loring, made it their home. They previously had lived in Brookline. Their unmarried daughter, Marjorie (Margaret) Channing Loring, lived with them.
Thacher Loring was president and treasurer of the National Dock and Warehouse Company, founded by his father, Elisha Thacher Loring, in the early 1860s. He retired at about the time he purchased 35 Marlborough.
The Lorings continued to live in Brookline during the 1905-1906 winter season. It was probably at this time that 35 Marlborough was remodeled and a fifth story added. The Building Department records do not include a permit for this addition. However, the 1902 Bromley map shows 35 Marlboro as being four stories and in its July 15. 1905, report of Thacher Loring's purchase of the house, the Boston Herald described it as "a four-story, octagon-front brick dwelling. The additional story was added during the next few years and it is shown as a five story house on the 1908 Bromley.
From the 1920-1921 winter season, the Loring spent a part of the season at the Hotel Victoria at 273 Dartmouth and were listed both there and at 35 Marlborough in the Blue Books. They continued to be listed at both addresses through the 1923-1924 season, after which they spent their winters entirely at the Hotel Victoria.
On April 21, 1924, 35 Marlborough was purchased from Thacher Loring by banker Henry Parsons King, Jr. He and his wife, Mary (Parker) King, made it their home. They previously had lived at 247 Beacon. They also maintained a home in Pride's Crossing.
They continued to live at 35 Marlborough in mid-1930, when they moved to Jamaica Plain.
On August 11, 1930, 35 Marlborough was purchased from Henry King by Harriet (Bayley) Long, the wife of stockbroker William Bowditch Long. They previously had lived at 6 West Cedar. They also maintained a home in Cohasset.
The Longs continued to live at 35 Marlborough until about 1942, but had moved to 36 West Cedar by 1943.
On June 15, 1942, 35 Marlborough was purchased from Harriet Long by Helen L. (Fairbanks) Lynde, wife of Charles Ripley Lynde, an importer of China and glass; they lived in Newtonville.
On January 9, 1943, 35 Marlborough was acquired from Helen Lynde by Della Saul (Salinsky), the former wife of George Lapidus. She lived there with her son, Robert Jason (Lapidus) Saul, and her unmarried brother, Allen Payson Saul (Abraham Salinsky). They all previously had lived at 302 Beacon.
Allen and Della Saul were chiropodists. Allen Saul also operated the Allen Payson Company, dealers in elastic stockings.
35 Marlborough (ca. 1942), photograph by Bainbridge Bunting, courtesy of The Gleason Partnership
In March of 1943, Della Saul filed for (and subsequently received) permission to convert the house from a single-family dwelling into a lodging house.
Della Saul married again in 1944, to leather manufacturer Jacob Newman. After their marriage, they lived at 14 Buswell. Robert Saul iived with them.
On August 7, 1944, Allen Saul acquired 35 Marlborough from his sister. On the same day, he also acquired 140 Beacon from her (she had purchased 140 Beacon in April of 1936, and she and her brother had converted it to apartments). Allen Saul continued to live at 35 Marlborough.
Jacob and Della Saul separated in about 1951 and, by 1952, she and her son had moved to an apartment at 219 Beacon, a building which Allen Saul owned and had converted into apartments.
In about 1953, Allen Saul moved from 35 Marlborough to an apartment at 140 Beacon. At about the same time, Della Saul moved there from 219 Beacon.
Allen Saul continued to own 35 Marlborough and operate it as a lodging house.
On August 1, 1985, 35 Marlborough was purchased from Allen Saul by Sheldon M. Stone, trustee of the First Block Real Estate Trust.
In September of 1986, the trust applied for (and subsequently received) permission to convert the house into eleven apartments.
On March 12, 1987, the trust converted the apartments into eleven condominium units, the 35 Marlborough Street Condominium.
In July of 1987, the trust applied for (and subsequently received) permission to reduce the number of units to seven and convert the rear ell into a four car garage. On January 21, 1992, the condominium association amended the master deed to reflect this change.
33-39 Marlborough (2013)


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Oqtosh (, ) is a city in Samarqand Region, Uzbekistan. It is the capital of Narpay District. Its population is 41,600 (2016).

References

Populated places in Samarqand Region
Cities in Uzbekistan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: texture3DLod in GLSL fragment shader I'm using texture3DLod in a glsl fragment shader to sample from arbitrary mipmap level of a 3D texture, but the sample I obtain is always from the base level (0). What is wrong?
These variables define my 3D texture in CPU memory:
// Dimensions of the 3D texture
GLsizei dim[3]
// Pointer to texture buffer
GLvoid * voxels;

This is the OpenGL code I use to setup the 3D texture and generate mipmaps:
GLuint texId = 0;
glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_3D );
glGenTextures( 1, &texId );
glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_3D, texId );
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR );
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE );
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE );
glTexImage3D( GL_TEXTURE_3D, 0, GL_LUMINANCE, dim[0], dim[1], dim[2], 0, GL_LUMINANCE, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, voxels );
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_3D);

In the fragment shader, we have:
#version 120
#extension GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod : require

uniform sampler3D volume;
variying vec3 position;

void main()
{
    gl_FragColor = texture3DLod( volume, position, 3.0 );
}

No matter what value I use for the last parameter of the texture3DLod function, I obtain the values sampled from level 0 of the 3D texture.

A: you might be missing these two pretty important parameters:
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Wesley T. Honeycutt
Chemist, Designer, Entrepreneur
SiC Logic: A Rejected Proposal
chemistry, Electronics/Surfaces, SCIENCE! / December 6, 2017 June 7, 2018
This is a proposal I wrote and submitted to the July 2017 cycle of the NASA NPP program to work on development of SiC logic for a Venusian satellite project.. It was rejected and I went another direction. The SiC logic proposal idea was generally well received. While many of the reviewers comments could have been addressed in a treatise with ample page limits, there was little I could do about the primary concern. It is clear that the reviewers would have been more comfortable awarding the postdoctoral position to someone who had worked with silicon carbide before, rather than explaining in theory and going for on-the-job experience. This is a fair assessment that I suspect I will never be able to address, as SiC logic is not a common enough field to get easy exposure too.
So with the understanding that I will likely not be able to work on this in the future, I would like someone else to pick up the reins and move forward with the project. This is a very important project that has many applications, as will be addressed below. I urge readers to STEAL THIS WORK. Therefore, I am taking the time to release this rejected proposal on my site to allow others to learn from it and, hopefully, continue the proposed project. The full text of the project is below, modified from the original to fit the current medium.
As always, feel free to contact me for info or to chat about this. My contact info can be found on the CV page.
Development of Logical Circuitry using Silicon Carbide Substrates for Control Circuits in Harsh Environments
Title of Research Opportunity: SiC Circuit and Device Design and Fabrication
NASA Center: Glenn Research Center
1. Statement of problem
Recently, NASA has begun prioritizing an exploratory mission to Venus [1], including a surface lander [2]. Previous landers from the Venera program by the USSR were only able to last, at most, two hours on the unforgiving Venusian surface [3]. The extreme temperatures and oxidative atmosphere of the planet's surface mean it is very difficult for current electronic systems to perform for extended periods. While a wealth of new high temperature and pressure sensing instruments have been developed as part of the Venus Exploration Analysis Group (VEXAG), the glue electronics to control and operate such a lander are still elusive [4].
The development of silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor devices has gained increasing popularity in the past 20 years, yet the technology lacks the wide breadth of available devices which competing substrates currently offer. Far from the first light emitting diode [5] [6] which was originally made in SiC, today SiC can be found in many high power applications. Recent developments have even allowed the creation of power switching devices with high-voltage junction temperature tolerance up to 1200 V in both JFET and MOSFET designs [7] [8]. Current SiC logical devices are produced using JFET technology. Core logic gates such as the inverter, NAND, and NOR have been demonstrated in both depletion mode [9] and enhancement mode [10] SiC JFET. Despite recent demonstrations of a ring oscillator and development of 100's scale transistor level logic using SiC JFET technology [11], there is a dearth of advanced logic designs for SiC circuits which would further the NASA Venus lander objectives. The goal of this proposed work is to develop discrete digital logic devices using SiC substrates and patterning.
2. Background and relevance to previous work
Silicon carbide has several interesting properties that make it an attractive semiconductor platform for devices intended to withstand harsh environments. At standard atmospheric pressures, SiC remains crystalline with no defects at temperatures up to 2760 °C before partial sublimation [12]. At higher pressures, this temperature stability increases. Under 100 atm, similar to the pressure at the surface of Venus, SiC remains solid up to 2830 °C before melting. Individual junctions of p-doped and n-doped SiC material have a much higher tolerance for heat than more commonly used substrates such as Si. This is because the optimum working temperature of SiC is very close to the highest normal mode vibrational temperature, or band gap [13]. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based on SiC have been established as a viable device for some time [14], and some developed MEMS devices are pushing temperature limits in sensors [15]. Logic gates manufactured from SiC can take advantage of this property by creating devices which tolerate high voltage switching, a task which produces a large amount of heat [16]. The converse can be true as well: it is possible to make low power logic gates that tolerate extreme temperatures.
Additionally, SiC has been shown to be particularly resilient against radiation damage. Circuits made of SiC have been reported to exhibit much lower rates of carrier damage due to deep material defects caused by neutron flux, with McGarrity et al. reporting 1/3 of the damage compared to Si based devices at doses of 1016 neutrons/cm2 [17]. This makes SiC technology attractive for radiation heavy environments, including satellites and exploratory vehicles. The large gate sizes in current SiC technology compared to modern CMOS feature sizes makes the SiC further resistant to radiation effects [18]. If this material is used for the sensitive electronic equipment, it is possible to have reduced failure rates with current design specifications. Furthermore, it is possible that future devices using this technology may require less device redundancy for radiation hardening purposes, making it possible to create exploratory vehicles with greater computational power and reduced power consumption.
Logical units for SiC are designed by the NASA Silicon Carbide Electronics and Sensors group using depletion mode JFET technology on both 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC wafers. At the simplest level of description, an n-type JFET, the most durable and stable type for high temperature operation [11], is a transistor gate with the drain and source connected to an n-type substrate with a p-type gate separated by a depletion layer. A detailed diagram of the current archetypal SiC JFET layers can be found in the literature [19]. These JFETs are normally ON devices which switch OFF when a voltage applied to the gate passes a certain threshold in a reverse biased regime. Due to this design, the source requires a negative voltage, making the HIGH and LOW bits ground and a negative voltage, respectively. As certain parts of a logical array require a positive voltage, a JFET logic circuit is necessarily more complex to design due to the presence of an additional power rail. Further complications arise from the body bias effect based on the substrate voltage [20] and radially dependent resistivity observed in printed wafers [19].
As a physical chemist, I have an outside perspective on device function at the gate interface level which allows for a critical approach to the challenges posed by innovative logic design. My previous experience with silicon based control systems has demonstrated that I am capable at computer aided design (CAD) of electronic systems [21]. In addition to my design experience, I have also used modeling programs such as SPICE to characterize the behavior of a Fourier transform device for monitoring sample conductivity. Modern developments in microcontroller prototyping boards allow for integration of one device to test another. My previous work gave me experience with prototype evaluation of electronic systems and bringing a scientific approach to an engineering problem. Particularly, previous designs for sensors deployed in unpredictable climates have made me conscious of the need for devices built to tolerate these conditions including temperature dependent conductivity sensors [22]. As a scientist who enjoys developing devices for monitoring and evaluating physical and chemical properties, the challenges posed by SiC JFET design appeal to my desire to broaden my skills.
3. General methodology, procedures to be followed, and timeline for completion of each step
The goal of this proposed work is to develop logic circuits required for a low power monitoring device tolerant to harsh conditions by application of known computing architecture to the emerging silicon carbide technology. At the highest level of abstraction, a device of this nature requires a central processing unit (CPU), level shifters, analog to digital converters (ADC), switched power supply units (PSU), and memory. Certain portions of this list, including level shifters [9], ADC [23], and PSU [24], have been demonstrated in previous research. In the case of a modern application, a single package microprocessor can handle most of these tasks. However, minimal work has been done creating complex logic for the CPU in SiC. The development of this device must start from a basic level, designing the subcomponents of the CPU individually.
A CPU can be generalized as a combination of individual logic units, primarily these are registers and arithmetic logic units (ALU). The goal of this proposal is to develop the technology in SiC JFET for both of these logic units to create a functional 8-bit microprocessor.
3.1 Register
This is an example register design showing the design hierarchy. Part 𝒶 shows the primary user accessible 8-bit registers included in the design of the popular Intel 8085 chip [25]. Part 𝒷 shows detail of one register from part 𝒶 [26] [27]. Each bit of the register is a flip-flop which adjusts the value from D to Q for each bit on in a clock cycle. Part 𝒸 shows one of these flip-flops. A flip-flop is composed of two latches, a master and a slave, which copy D to Q on the rising edge of the clock cycle. This saves the state of the flip-flop at all other times. Part 𝒹 shows one of the latches, a simple logic circuit consisting of one NOT, two ANDs, and two NORs in a bistable arrangement. Part ℯ shows a diagram of one CMOS NOR gate depicted in part 𝒹 as they would be designed for patterning on the SiC surface using the program MAGIC [28]. In short: multiple of ℯ make up 𝒹, which make up 𝒸, which make up 𝒷, which make up 𝒶.
The register is a logic unit which is included in many important CPU and device components such as the primary register, memory, instruction set, and program counter. To construct this unit, we must reduce this piece down to its relatively simpler components. The register is a series of clock synchronized flip-flops, a flip-flop is a pair of latches, a latch is simply a pair of NOR gates connected in a certain manner, and a NOR gate is constructed from a few individual transistors. Figure 1 shows the decreasing levels of abstraction from the register of a popular integrated circuit to the layers and doping of a single NOR gate designed for CMOS technology. The transistor technology for JFET SiC gates have been previously demonstrated for NOR gates, making the technology scale up possible.
Due to the synchronous nature of the register and the importance of timing in computing, each device will be rigorously analyzed as it is created and tested. As it is impractical to directly measure single gate delay, a value which is often on the scale of picoseconds, it is useful to estimate the rise and fall of a signal through a gate using computational models and values of capacitance and current for each interconnect [29]. The delay for multiple equivalent gates is additive at scale, making the averaged delay over multiple gates in a device a calculable quantity with simple instrumentation. The averaged gate speed can be measured by construction of an array of latches acting asynchronously. This will be used to verify computationally calculated values.
Keeping with the "bottom-up" approach to design on the SiC substrate, the first task will be designing and verifying a single bit flip-flop, which has not been reported in literature. The patterned device will be characterized by tests to determine the ability to retain and replace the bit over multiple clock cycles. As SiC devices are being sought to operate in harsh conditions, tests will be undertaken to determine the bit retention ability of the flip-flop at a range of temperatures from standard conditions to >500 °C. Testing of the device can take place with a voltage monitor (capable of determining bit state) at short time scales and a local RC oscillator (as oscillators must be close to the circuit to prevent return current, making an external crystal oscillator impractical for high temperature tests). The second task will be to scale this device up to a full 8-bit register. Findings from the first task will be used to determine the design of this circuit, and it will be tested and verified in a similar manner.
3.2 Arithmetic Logic Unit
Another essential component of the CPU is the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). This is an umbrella term for portion of the processor which performs simple arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and comparison. Each of these operations requires a distinct circuit. The addition and subtraction circuitry will be designed in the form of a carry-lookahead adder (chosen for the ability to perform faster calculations than many other adder circuits, a property which will be valuable in lifetime-limited missions), using two's compliment values for subtraction operations. The multiplication and division operations will be performed on circuitry designed using logical and arithmetic shifters. Equality comparators are simple ANDs of a number of XNOR gates, which can be constructed from the NAND and NOR gates available in SiC JFET. Magnitude comparators are a variant of subtractors. All of these have well documented logical designs which can be applied to SiC systems.
Simple arithmetic circuits are used throughout the computer system. For example, operations are performed based on orders delivered by Operation Codes (Opcodes) from the program register. These instructions must be interpreted by the logic of the device by arithmetic means. For example, an adder is used to determine the address of the next instruction from the program counter, and a control ALU is utilized to compute the memory address of data to be operated upon by the CPU. With a working register established, it will be necessary to develop a way to utilize the register directly by furnishing it with operations. The development goal of designing a working ALU furthers the overarching goal of creating a working processor, as the individual components of the ALU are used in many places.
The first task of the ALU portion of this proposal is to demonstrate a simple half-adder circuit patterned in SiC. The half-adder will be fed alternating values of HIGH and LOW on both inputs to determine if a correct value is generated for the output and/or the carry of the circuit. The input for this circuit will be generated by an external microcontroller such as an Arduino prototyping board timed to send the signal pulses at regular intervals and check the answers. The Arduino will log the inputs, output, and carry from this circuit to check for errors. This experiment will be repeated in both standard conditions and harsh conditions in excess of 500 °C to simulate real operation. The Si based Arduino signal generation and logging can be isolated from the elevated temperature conditions since HIGH and LOW signals are not subject to the same trace length constraints as oscillators. Success of the circuit will be determined by continuous operation without errors with a lifetime to match previously explored logical units [30], discussed further in Section 5. The next task will be to scale up to an 8-bit full adder, then to a carry-lookahead adder which will be tested in the same manner.
Comparators and shifters will be tested in a similar "bottom-up" manner and constraints as the adder. For the comparator, initial tests will be performed on a simple 2-bit comparator, then scaled up to a full 8-bit comparator. The first bit shifter will be a simple array shifter of 2-bits, tested by cycling the bit shift by one unit over time. The scaled up version of the shifter will be tasked with performing full 8-bit shift operations. Tests will be performed at a range of temperature conditions and deemed successful for continuous operation without errors, similar to the other proposed units of the ALU.
4. Explanation of new or unusual techniques
The proposed work is unique in that it uses SiC for logical device fabrication. There are very few devices which use this technology, and use of substrate materials outside of Si in CMOS design is uncommon due to industry focus on small feature sizes and high computational power. While this is a new and exciting area of research, there will be few novel techniques implemented at this stage. The design flow for computers at the Si level is so well documented that many university level research institutions offer courses on the most up-to-date processes available. However, the technology for SiC devices is young compared to Si devices, many of these modern methods make use of architecture and design technology not prepared for the simplicity of SiC. Therefore, a "back-to-basics" approach is more suitable for this project. The "back-to-basics" approach will favor the use of the original VLSI work pioneered by Mead and Conway, and their contemporaries [31] [32] [33].
While much of the design for modern integrated circuits is handled by computational algorithms, few such mathematical models are available for the SiC substrate. The current state of circuit simulation makes use of NMOS SPICE models with certain parameters ignored [11]. Instead, a more traditional approach to device design must be considered. Masks for experimental devices will require manual generation based on traditional standard for VLSI device production pioneered by Mead and Conway [31]. Previous work by the SiC group at NASA has produced some important values for device modeling including size constraints. Physical constants observed in this work will be used to further develop a custom technology profile for SiC in a VLSI design program such as MAGIC [28]. By recording these parameters, it is possible to approach the algorithmic simplicity enjoyed by traditional substrate devices, establishing Electronic Design Automation (EDA). The modularity and regularity inherent to the nature of computer design makes these values extremely valuable as the overarching project scales up. Furthermore, VLSI EDA programs can be used in conjunction with SPICE to simulate the designed circuits at the pattern level [34].
5. Expected results and their significance and application
The qualifications for an individual circuit success were previously mentioned in Section 3. Generally, these success criteria can be divided into data retention time for register devices and continuous error-free operation time for ALU related devices. Some electronic properties are temperature dependent, such as resistance [19] and band-gap [35]. Therefore, it is critical to test circuits designed for optimal operation at one temperature over the range of possible operations temperatures. These tests are to be replicated at both standard temperatures and temperatures found in harsh conditions, such as the surface of Venus, using lab ovens.
A successful register is a device which can retain the stored data over many clock cycles, and change each bit in a timely manner on the rising edge of a single clock cycle. To determine the size of this clock cycle, we look to a reference point, such as a previous lander. The Sojourner Rover utilized a variant of the Intel 8085 chip, the 80C85, running at a clock speed of 2 MHz} [36]. The manufacturer reported maximum clock speed of this CPU is 5 MHz} [37]. Therefore, for the purposes of this test, the success factor will assuming an acceptable operation speed of 2 MHz} with an optimum operation speed of 5 MHz}. If we assume that the bit stored in the flip-flop is either modified on each clock cycle or stored for the clock cycle, and we assume that the chance for a bit to be either 0 or 1 is equal, then we can be 99% confident the longest a bit will be stored in a single flip-flop is 7 clock cycles. Therefore, the produced register will be adequately successful if it can retain a bit for 350 ns and exceed success if it can retain a bit for 1.4 μs.
A successful ALU is a device which can perform the requested operation quickly, with no errors. In a surface level lab with minimal radioactive sources, it should be expected that an adder or bit shifter would work consistently. However, no device is perfect, and chip manufacturers are hesitant to publish failure rates in their devices. Certain failure modes, such as electromigration, are tested for using temperature acceleration. However, the original draw of SiC circuits is the high temperature stability, reducing the likelihood of this failure path [38]. With the lack of benchmarks for ALU failure and the high temperature stability expectation which can accelerate further testing, the success metric will be based on the previous performance reported by the Hunter group, including a thousand hour lifetime of an oscillator at 500 °C [30]. The ALU produced in the course of the work in this proposal will be considered a success if the error-free lifetime exceeds 1000 h, the time reported by Spry et al.
In the event the devices fail to pass benchmarks for the register, ALU, or their preceding variants, efforts will be made to determine the cause of the issue. Previous circuit issues which have been a cause of concern in the past, such as the micropipe defects in SiC devices [38], have been analyzed in detail [39] based on "failed" experiments. This provides much needed data for future improvements on the material. Circuits which do not meet benchmark expectations will be analyzed by electron microscopic techniques for sources of damage, much like the previously mentioned failure was determined to be due to oxide cracking in the thousand hour test [30]. These sources of failure can provide more evidence to shed light on the cause of such defects in SiC systems.
The technology developed for this work has far-reaching applications. There have been few complicated logic devices made in SiC [30]. A successful register and ALU would open the doors to further development in this material, eventually leading to the eventual development of a single-cycle microprocessor CPU with high temperature and radiation resistance. Processors in this material would be very attractive for future space-faring missions and use in extreme terrestrial environments. The individual building blocks produced by this work can also be used as a basis for other SiC devices. For example, the development of a successful 8-bit register would naturally lead to the development of ROM and RAM with similar configurations. The modularity and repeatability of these devices makes it relatively simple to drop a successful gate design from one project to the next. By designing these devices in a prevalent, open-source VLSI EDA environment, the parameters explored in these designs would be available to future designers working with this technology.
6. References/Citations
[1] R Herrick, K Baines, M Bullock, G Chin, B Grimm, W Kiefer, S Mackwell, K McGouldrick, B Sharpton, S Smerkar, and others. Goals Objectives and Investigations for Venus Exploration. Venus Exploration Analysis Group (VEXAG), 2014.
[2] T Kremic, GW Hunter, PG Neudeck, DJ Spry, GE Ponchak, GM Beheim, RS Okijie, MC Scardelletti, JD Wrbanek, DM Vento, and others. Long-Life In-Situ Solar System Explorer (LLISSE) Probe Concept and Enabling High Temperature Electronics. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, volume 48, 2017.
[3] Donald M Hunten. Venus. University of Arizona Press, 1983.
[4] Jeff Balcerski. Venus Science Priorities for Laboratory Measurements and Instrument Definition Workshop Report. Technical report, National Institute of Aerospace, Langley, VA, April 2015.
[5] H. J. Round. A Note on Carborundum. Electrical World, 49(6):309, February 1907.
[6] O. V. Losev. Luminous carborundum detector and detection with crystals. Telegrafiya i Telefoniya bez Provodov, 44, 1927.
[7] R. Siemieniec and U. Kirchner. The 1200V direct-driven SiC JFET power switch. In Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, pages 1–10, August 2011.
[8] K. Mino, S. Herold, and J. W. Kolar. A gate drive circuit for silicon carbide JFET. In Industrial Electronics Society, 2003. IECON '03. The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE, volume 2, pages 1162–1166 Vol.2, November 2003.
[9] M.J. Krasowski. N Channel JFET Based Digital Logic Gate Structure. Google Patents, March 2010.
[10] H. Habib, N.G. Wright, and A.B. Horsfall. Complementary JFET Logic for Low-Power Applications in Extreme Environments. In Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2012, volume 740 of Materials Science Forum, pages 1052–1055. Trans Tech Publications, March 2013.
[11] Phillip G. Neudeck, David J. Spry, and Liangyu Chen. First-Order SPICE Modeling of Extreme-Temperature 4H-SiC JFET Integrated Circuits, May 2016.
[12] Vera Haase, Gerhard Kirschstein, Hildegard List, Sigrid Ruprecht, Raymond Sangster, Friedrich Schröder, Wolfgang Töpper, Hans Vanecek, Werner Heit, Jürgen Schlichting, and Hartmut Katscher. The Si-C Phase Diagram. In Vera Haase, Gerhard Kirschstein, Hildegard List, Sigrid Ruprecht, Raymond Sangster, Friedrich Schröder, Wolfgang Töpper, Hans Vanecek, Werner Heit, Jürgen Schlichting, Hartmut Katscher, Raymond Sangster,
and Friedrich Schröder, editors, Si Silicon: System Si-C. SiC: Natural Occurrence. Preparation and Manufacturing Chemistry. Special Forms. Manufacture. Electrochemical Properties. Chemical Reactions. Applications. Ternary and Higher Systems with Si and C, pages 1–5. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1985.
[13] V.E. Chelnokov and A.L. Syrkin. High temperature electronics using SiC: Actual situation and unsolved problems. E-MRS 1996 Spring Meeting, Symposium A: High Temperature Electronics: Materials, Devices and Applications, 46(1):248–253, April 1997.
[14] Pasqualina M Sarro. Silicon carbide as a new MEMS technology. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 82(1–3):210–218, May 2000.
[15] R. S. Okojie, C. Blaha, D. Lukco, V. Nguyen, and E. Savrun. Zero offset drift suppression in SiC pressure sensors at 600 x00B0;C. In 2010 IEEE Sensors, pages 2269–2274, November 2010.
[16] C. E. Weitzel, J. W. Palmour, C. H. Carter, K. Moore, K. K. Nordquist, S. Allen, C. Thero, and M. Bhatnagar. Silicon carbide high-power devices. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 43(10):1732–1741, October 1996.
[17] J. M. McGarrity, F. B. McLean, W. M. DeLancey, J. Palmour, C. Carter, J. Edmond, and R. E. Oakley. Silicon carbide JFET radiation response. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 39(6):1974–1981, December 1992.
[18] Quming Zhou and Kartic Mohanram. Transistor sizing for radiation hardening. In Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 2004. 42nd Annual. 2004 IEEE International, pages 310–315. IEEE, 2004.
[19] Philip G Neudeck, David J Spry, and Liang-Yu Chen. First-order SPICE modeling of extreme -temperature 4H-SiC JFET integrated circuits. Additional Papers and Presentations, 2016(HiTEC):000263–000271, 2016.
[20] Philip G Neudeck, David J Spry, and Liangyu Chen. Experimental and theoretical study of 4H-SiC JFET threshold voltage body bias effect from 25◦ C to 500◦ C. 2015.
[21] Wesley T. Honeycutt. Development and Applications of Chemical Sensors for the Detection of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Methane. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, May 2017.
[22] Wesley T. Honeycutt, M. Tyler Ley, and Nicholas F. Materer. A Comparison of the Properties of Selected Commercially Available, Low-cost Carbon Dioxide and Methane Gas Concentration Sensors. Sensors Journal IEEE, 2017 [Submitted].
[23] Raheleh Hedayati, Luigia Lanni, Bengt Gunnar Malm, Ana Rusu, and Carl-Mikael Zetterling. A 500◦ C 8-b Digital-to-Analog Converter in Silicon Carbide Bipolar Technology. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 63(9):3445–3450, 2016.
[24] Saleh Kargarrazi, Luigia Lanni, Stefano Saggini, Ana Rusu, and Carl-Mikael Zetterling. 500◦ C bipolar SiC linear voltage regulator. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 62(6):1953–1957, 2015.
[25] Intel Corporation. 8080/8085 Assembly Language Programming Manual. Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, 1978.
[26] David Harris and Sarah Harris. Digital Design and Computer Architecture. Elsevier, 2012.
[27] David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy. Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface. Newnes, 2013.
[28] John K Ousterhout, Gordon T Hamachi, Robert N Mayo, Walter S Scott, and George S Taylor. The magic VLSI layout system. IEEE Design ∧ Test of Computers, 2(1):19–30, 1985.
[29] Brajesh Kumar Kaushik, Sankar Sarkar, and R.P. Agarwal. Waveform analysis and delay prediction for a CMOS gate driving RLC interconnect load. System-Level Interconnect Prediction, 40(4):394–405, July 2007.
[30] David J Spry, Philip G Neudeck, Liang-Yu Chen, Dorothy Lukco, Carl W Chang, Glenn M Beheim, Michael J Krasowski, and Norman F Prokop. Processing and characterization of thousand-hour 500◦ C durable 4H-SiC JFET integrated circuits. Additional Papers and Presentations, 2016(HiTEC):000249–000256, 2016.
[31] Carver Mead and Lynn Conway. Introduction to VLSI Systems, volume 1080. Addison-Wesley Reading, MA, 1980.
[32] Douglas A. Pucknell and Kamran Eshraghian. Basic VLSI Design: Systems and Circuits. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1988.
[33] Michael Slater. Microprocessor-Based Design: A Comprehensive Guide to Effective Hardware Design. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987.
[34] Laurence W. Nagel and D.O. Pederson. SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis). Technical report, EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, April 1973.
[35] Y. P. Varshni. Temperature dependence of the energy gap in semiconductors. Physica, 34(1):149 – 154, 1967.
[36] null. Mars Pathfinder FAQs – Sojourner. https://mars.nasa.gov/MPF/rover/faqs_sojourner.html#cpu, April 1997.
[37] OKI Semiconductor. MSM80C85AHRS/GS/JS, January 1998.
[38] J. B. Casady and R. W. Johnson. Status of silicon carbide (SiC) as a wide-bandgap semiconductor for high-temperature applications: A review. Solid-State Electronics, 39(10):1409 – 1422, 1996.
[39] P. G. Neudeck and J. A. Powell. Performance limiting micropipe defects in silicon carbide wafers. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 15(2):63–65, February 1994.
Wesley T. Honeycutt is a PhD Chemist with interests in electronics, CAD, programming, art, and a plethora of other things.
Contact me: [mylastname]@ou.edu
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text:
DHS to review solitary confinement of immigrants
According to reports, hundreds of detained immigrants are held in isolation
As Salon noted Monday, reports emerged this week that hundreds of unauthorized immigrants detained in mass civil detention centers are held in solitary confinement. The New York Times reported that on any given day in the 50 vast ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) detention centers, around 300 people are held in solitary.
Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano responded to the revelations Tuesday and said that detention policies would be reviewed. Napolitano also expressed some skepticism about the Times' report. Via HuffPo:
"I was not wild about the story," she said at an event hosted by the Christian Science Monitor. "But I think solitary confinement should be the exception, not the rule. ... So I've asked ICE to go back and give me information on the specific cases that were referenced, when those occurred, [whether] the 'facts' -- 'facts,' I say that in quotes -- that were reported were accurate, and then looking at all of our policies with respect to solitary."
Dhs Ice Illegal Immigrants Immigration Janet Napolitano Solitary Confinement


text:
By - on March 11, 2019
Attention whore Justin Jones, gets his feelings hurt. Good.
JUSTIN JONES — Too pretty for jail?
(Tennessee Star photo used without permission.)
Not satisfied with his previous attempts to become a liberal martyr, Justin Jones (aka Jussie Smollett fanboy) personally assaulted Speaker of the House Glen Casada a few days ago. He was promptly arrested for throwing a cup of Frothy Monkey coffee on Casada and others when officers on duty decided it was not a good idea to put a foaming-at-the-mouth nutcase screaming "Casada is a racist" on the same elevator. So Jones hurled his caffeine cup at the Speaker and ended up in handcuffs.
Now comes word that Jones is whining Dist. Attorney General Glenn Funk is not "being fair" by moving to have Jones put in jail for violating his previous bond, which was imposed when he crashed a Blackburn campaign event last fall.
Mean ol' Funk has hurt Justin's feewings? Oh, boo-effin'-hoo.
Jones apparently hopes his political soulmate — notorious racist hoaxer Jussie Smollett – would at least send him a note of sympathy. Or maybe a lock of his hair.
Jones is an alleged a Vanderbilt divinity student. We say "alleged" because surely no organization in its right mind and which receives tens of millions of state taxpayer money, would excuse or encourage one of their students to attack the head of the very legislature who can take that money away – would they?
Oh, hell, this is Vanderbilt – what do you think? The head of the oxymoronically named Vanderbilt Divinity School is a woman who calls herself a "womanist." What the heck is a womanist? Do all Vandy professors sit around all day with a finger up their butts trying to invent new cool progressive titles for themselves? Oh, hell, this is Vanderbilt – what do you think?
As for Justin, we hear he believes it is time to take his sputtering, er, splattering protest up a notch.
Beware, Mr. Speaker. Next time he's going to throw Starbucks at you.
Short man speak with forked tongue.
By - on January 31, 2019
There's a fascinating story from the Tennessee Star last week about how Bob "I-used-to-be-somebody" Corker threw a hissy fit on a plane from DC to Tennessee.
Seems the Bobster noticed a Nashville businessman who used to give Corker campaign donations but, according to the story, stopped when he began to suspect that the diminutive former senator was a major sleaze who used his position to enrich himself with all sorts of insider deals. RTP had a whole series of stories about that very thing (to see them just go to the archives and type in "Corker" or "pipsqueak" and they should pop up).
The Star story went on at some length to describe the scene between Corker and financial advisor Tim Pagliara, replete with Corker on his knees in his seat, peering over the back of the seat to get at Pagliara, who found himself surrounded, since Corker's former chief-of-staff Todd Womack was in the seat behind him.
What in hell would possess Corker to antagonistically confront a constituent in a cramped public space with numerous people within earshot hearing his every word. Our guess is that the mere presence of Pagliara was enough to remind Corker his reputation would need some repair work if he were to run for another office. Maybe an office currently held by someone whose name rhymes with "rump"?
But we digress. The Star covered the contretemps well enough, but it was one line in the long story that caught our eye. It was where Womack, while trying to defend Corker and himself over a deal where millions in profits were realized. "We didn't make that much money off the deal," Womack said.
Uh, what do you mean "We", Kemosabe?
Was Todd in business with Corker while the two of them were employed by the Senate? And does Womack's annual Senate financial disclosure statements (required of chiefs of staff) reflect what he made on the deal? Inquiring minds want to know.
Womack also offered to provide Pagliara a copy of a release form showing what happened to a $22 million contingency debt Corker had on the sale of his business. A debt that seems to have magically "disappeared" when Wells Fargo stepped in to take over the loan from GE Capital.
Yet another question for Womack (and Corker). Have you or can you produce the release? It's an important damn question. Maybe when the Tennessean is done laying off employees, they might find time to look into this (Ha, ha. Just kidding. They are nowhere close to stopping the layoffs.).
When Corker went into the Senate, he was reportedly worth a few (as in low six figures) million dollars. By the time he left 12 years later his estimated worth was between $65 – $90 million! So how does one make that much money when your only job is being a U.S. Senator?
Corker may want to check his bank account. National political races and reputational management consultants cost a lot of money.
Rocky Top Politics returns.
"We're Ba-a-a-a-a-ck!"
Yeah, for a few months there we had real lives. Babies, graduations, weddings, drunken nights in Bangkok (well maybe not the Bangkok part – but you get the idea). But then we wandered down to Legislative Plaza only to find they had moved the legislature someplace else. All we found were storage boxes and a tumbleweed blowing through where the snack bar used to be. That got us curious.
Truth is the crew here at Rocky Top was a little bored with our blog. We grew tired of having to sober up before noon so we could dazzle everyone with our extensive sources and incredible political analyses and still make it to the bar by happy hour.
Things were starting to get a little stale. Haslam was a lame duck, Corker had become a full-fledged self-destructive little pipsqueak. Even Glen Casada decided to hang out with people his own age.
Even the governor's race didn't interest us that much.
We watched in wonder as Diane Black (who was arguably the most qualified to be governor) went down in flames. Randy Boyd (the wealthiest – and most annoying), barely came in second while his campaign spent the equivalent of the gross domestic product of a medium-sized African nation. But hey — Chip Saltsman got wealthy as his campaign manager, so that's something of a silver lining, we guess. Beth Harwell was the most pitiful. And then there was Billy Lee.
Lee turned a real personal tragedy into a book, inherited the family business, then married his kids' teacher, all of which gave him an inexplicable reason to run for governor (hinting that he had received the personal endorsement of the Holy Spirit didn't hurt either.) It is understandable if Lee and his team think they were political geniuses, but they would be wrong. They were smart enough to take the only path to winning that was available to them: let the others fight outside the school cafeteria, while Lee snuck back inside and stole everyone's lunch. But don't get cocky, kids. 64% of the GOP primary voters voted for someone other than Bill Lee. Lee's margin for error over the next four years is very thin.
Marsha Blackburn trounced Phillary Bredesen and became the senator the establishment hates. Mark Green was handed a congressional seat on a silver platter (Green's former patient, Saddam Hussein, would have been so proud of him had he not been unfortunately hanged some years ago). John Rose married a girl he used to "mentor" when she was a high school student, but wrote a check for a few million and bought a golden ticket to DC. And Tim Burchett finally admitted (or did he?) that Big Foot wasn't real and was awarded one of the state's "Congressman for Life" slots.
"But, but, why are you picking on Republicans?" we hear you whine. In the words of the great bank robber Willie Sutton: "Because that's where the money is." And by "money" we mean the tax dollars and state contracts being lined up by lobbyists advising Bill Lee. They are like pigs at the trough, waiting to get the neophyte governor to do their bidding and fill their pockets.
As for going after Democrats, well that would just be cruel. Like shooting the terminally wounded.
So now to answer the question that probably no one is asking, but we will answer it anyway. Is RTP back for real?
We will not be publishing as frequently as we used to. Mrs. Hot Chick thinks that's why we got bored in the first place. But when we do spout off, we will try to make it good.
One final reminder: We still don't care what your opinion is. But keep leaking us good stuff and maybe you can join our elite army:
The Few. The Proud. The Merry Band of Tipsters.
COMING SOON to a spam filter near you:
The education of Billy Lee.
That pain you're feeling Governor is just Glen Casada channeling Jimmy Naifeh.
Randy McNally: Run silent, run deep.
Butch Ely says: "You can't work here. Hell, you're a conservative!"
La Raza Randy, por favor.
Boyd Bites the Burrito. Big time.
[Editors' Note: Before we begin, many of our readers (okay, okay, both of our readers) have been wondering what happened to Rocky Top. Well here is the short answer: we actually have lives outside of the voyeuristic pleasure many of you get when reading our incendiary columns. So excuse us for living.
Mrs. Hot Chick just had yet another baby (which leads us to wonder, does Mr. Hot Chick ever give it a rest?), so her contributions have been curtailed until future notice. As for the other two crew members, we were growing increasingly bored with the whole thing and decided to take a sabbatical to regain our perspective. That, of course, did not work.
But when the inexecrable Sen. Todd Gardenhire (R-Pissed Off) and Rep, Mark White (R-Ino) decided to make another run at using our tax dollars to reward people for breaking into our country, we decided to rev up the old motor and take them on.
So is this post a return of RTP to the political battles, or is it a one-time tirade? Who cares? Enjoy it while you got it.]
Viva La Raza Randy!
or in language Boyd can understand:
"Esto est estupido. Aparentementa soy un completo idiota," dijo el Sr. Randy
It didn't take long for the college tuition subsidies for illegal aliens issue to hit the governor's race. That is not surprising. What is surprising is the how the Diane Black campaign deftly took advantage of the situation as compared to incredibly stupid reaction from the Boyd campaign.
RTP has no favorites in the governor's race, so we can approach this as objectively as a bunch of political hacks can approach any political subject on a given day.
Black immediately jumped out in front of the issue and declared she would veto the bill brought by Gardenhire and White which would subsidize illegal aliens by giving them in-state tuition rates. She then trotted out statements and advertising that solidified her opposition. (For the record, so did Bill Lee, but as Ricky Bobby once said: "If you ain't first, you're last."). Beth Harwell reinvigorated the Bathroom Caucus by characteristically remaining silent and on the sideline any time a controversy emerges. "The signs are everywhere," Beth. And your cowardice on this issue is perhaps the biggest sign your campaign is going nowhere.
But not Randy Boyd. Oh, nooo. El Jefe Randy probably should have remained at least quiet on the subject, given his history of bankrolling illegal alien project (i.e., $250,000 in personal contributions for La Raza-supported training programs that help teach illegals how to take American restaurant jobs), Senior Randy just had to open his mouth and let loose with this little gem:
"We need to bring more people in to the state of Tennessee, and I want to bring people in … from wherever in the world they want to come from."
Maybe El Gobernador wannabe Randy did not get the message that his campaign's internal polling has been screaming at him: taxpayer-funded subsidies for illegals is a devastatingly bad issue for any GOP candidate who embraces it. And while trying to filibuster his response to avoid taking a firm stand, Boyd just can't seem to stop talking. Look for Black to take his above statement and wrap it around his neck like a cheap serape.
Adios, Senor Randy.
Too widdle, too late.
Time to stick a fork in the Cork?
The slow strip tease that is the Corker "reconsideration dance" is starting to wear thin. Senate Leader Mitch McConnell has now said that he "has no problem" with Marsha Blackburn's chances at keeping the senate seat in the Republican column, undermining Coker's "will he?/won't he?" act. Even the pollster who released numbers purporting to show Blackburn losing to Bredesen by 2 points, which the Corker people promoted as proof that he needed to get into the race, did a major backtrack on his on poll.
Blackburn has made it clear she won't roll over for Corker and the recent polls show she would beat him handily. And observers find it hard to believe that Corker – absent some sort of "Roy Moore" opposition research on Blackburn – would be willing to risk his place in history as well as his enormous ego by getting his butt kicked by the "Brentwood Barbie."
RTP sources in DC say that earlier in the week, Corker was seen running down to the White House to see if Trump would weigh in. There are media reports that he met with Ivanka Trump, but the Trumps apparently declined to get involved (gee, we wonder why).
We predict this will all come to a head within just a few days, with Corker once again "coming up short
Is Bob Corker About to Re-Enter the Senate race?
Rocky Top has heard the rumor from multiple sources. Is it true?
We don't know. But the rumor and the spin-off speculation has become so prevalent that it is impossible to ignore.
Here is the gist of it:
Corker is looking seriously at "un-retirement" and/or is being encouraged to do so by prominent financial players who are worried that former Cong. Stephen Fincher is badly trailing Cong. Marsha Blackburn. Independent and internal polls that we have seen confirm that Fincher is losing by as many as 35 points. After bragging late last year that he would significantly outraise Blackburn, the most recent FEC reports show that it was Blackburn took those honors by several hundred thousand dollars, increasing the fundraising gap with Fincher. All this has dramatically increased the discomfort among the state's establishment Republicans who loathe Blackburn and her independent brand of conservatism.
The name at the center of the rumors is – no surprise – Tom Ingram. Ingram has reportedly made numerous calls sounding out leaders' opinions for a Corker redux. If Ingram is involved, it's real.
For his part, Corker is said to have been surprised at how quickly his influence in the Senate has waned since he announced his retirement last fall. For someone whose ego is considered one of the biggest in the Senate (no mean feat), his growing irrelevance has been more than he bargained for. RTP sources in DC report that Corker has rather openly speculated about a run for President in 2020, with or without Trump on the ballot (stop laughing, it's true) but that is a pretty farfetched possibility.
That leads us to offer some of our patented, astute political analysis as to what may be behind these rumors:
Upset that Blackburn may get elected to the Senate, the establishment is trying to get Corker to reconsider.
Corker is actually reconsidering or has already decided to jump back in.
This could also be a panicked attempt to try and freeze Blackburn's growing prospects and/or encourage someone besides Fincher to get in the race, since he seems to be going nowhere fast and election day is less than 6 months away.
The establishment is setting the stage for them to support Bredesen over Blackburn. It's happened before – remember "Republicans for Bredesen" in 2002? Didn't Tom Ingram's wife play a significant role in that effort?
This could all get real interesting, real fast.
Mile High Mayor
Mayor BONER
Mayor BONED
Yeah, yeah – we know – gratuitous sexual innuendo and juvenile, irresponsible attempts at humor. But hey – it's what we do.
But how else to address one of the most blatant misuse of taxpayer's money in Nashville's recent history for a politician's – ahem – personal use. It is not only corrupt, it is a classic demonstration of hypocritical, double-standard, sleazy, unethical malfeasance.
Not to mention icky.
Unless you were living in Thomas Demonbreun's cave on the Cumberland River the last 24 hours, you know the uber-liberal darling of the Democrat Party, Mayor Megan "Hot Lips" Barry has been using the taxpayer's money to cheat on her husband with the head ("head" in this instance is perfectly interchangeable between its literal and colloquial definition) of her security detail. She canoodled with him in Greece and half the continental U.S. while he charged the taxpayers overtime for servicing the mayor. The mayor said they never did it "on the clock". However, she declined to say whether they did it on the sofa, on the hood of her official car ("if this Tahoe's a-rocking, don't come knockin'"), or on the 50-yard-line of Titans stadium. For all we know, they did it on the airplane on their way to Greece, which would make her the Mile High Mayor. Come to think of it, they were together in Denver (the Mile High City) so we guess that would qualify too.
Oh, the Humanity! Oh, the Hypocrisy!
The crew here at Rocky Top have digressed to bathroom humor, because that is exactly what the mayor has earned. And because we are done with the preening, sanctimonious, virtue-signaling jerks (#upyours) like the Mayor who smugly declare their moral, ethical and politically correct superiority over those of us who insist on seeing this scandal for what it is. We so-o-o look forward to the Tennessean's editorial demanding the immediate resignation of the Mayor. (Wait. Why are you laughing?).
It ain't like there's no precedent. Those of us old enough to remember Bill Boner know what we are talking about: Cheating. Corruption. Harmonicas. Phil Donohue. National humiliation. (Look it up Millennials. That's why God created Google).
Somewhere today, Jeremy Durham is laughing his candy pants off.


With Christmas just days away, if you're not done shopping, it's time to get busy! I have a few friends who shop throughout the year, deciding on Christmas presents for others, in August. Wow! If you've already made your list and checked it twice and now find yourself kicking back while the rest of us scramble, then bravo to you!
There's something in me, though, that likes to wait and shop with Christmas music playing and all the hustle and bustle ensuing. It's the one time of the year that I don't mind the traffic and longer lines. That being said, online shopping never fails to help my sanity! But, no matter how you check off your lists, you still need to make some!
You've probably had the experience of watching a child open a present only to find the wrapping paper or box be more exciting than the actual present inside. It's cute and endearing to watch, especially when the child is little. And, as adults, we all tend to laugh about how we didn't need to spend any money on a gift, when the child is more mesmerized by the box than the present they received. However, I'd venture to guess that most of us really enjoy gift-giving and truly hope that the present we are giving is appreciated, enjoyed and used!
If you are shopping for children this season as a parent, grandparent, aunt/uncle, family friend, etc., then take a look at the ideas below to score some of the best interactive learning toys for kids! This is not an extensive list, but one that highlights some of our tried, true and favorite toys!
Magna Tiles—If you are looking for a toy that entertains your children of all ages, while teaching them, you cannot go wrong with Magna Tiles. Children are drawn to the open-ended, imaginative play that Magna Tiles provide. Magna Tiles are ideal for getting creative juices flowing in children of all ages. As children play with Magna Tiles, they learn to problem solve, construct, develop fine-motor skills and so much more without even realizing they are learning! Each tile has a magnetic edge, allowing children to construct designs that maintain their shape. The tiles are brightly colored and can also be used for sorting colors and shapes. Highly durable, this toy is the one my children return to over and over again and entertains them for hours! Our house votes Magna Tiles as one of the best toys on the market. This product recommends use for ages 3 and up.
VTech Rhyme and Discover Book—There is so much to love about this book! The VTech Rhyme and Discover Book is ideal for baby's development. The bright colors and light up buttons initially grab your child's attention. Sing-along songs and nursery rhymes encourage interaction between you and your child as well as encouraging verbal skills in your growing baby. Moving parts promote fine-motor skills, and gross-motor skills are developed as your child turns the pages of the book. A couple of points to note. . .there is an automatic switch-off to save the battery life and the book is durable for those times your little one throws the book across the room! We think the VTech Rhyme and Discover Book is on the of the best interactive learning toys for kids! Recommended use for ages 6 months – 3 years.
Osmo Genius Kit—This toy (game system) has won many awards, including Innovative Toy of the Year! Designed to develop creative minds, the Osmo system uses technology to encourage hands on learning. An educational game that involves interactive learning, the Genius kit comes with 5 games (Masterpiece, Numbers, Words, Tangram and Newton) that incorporate fun into math, spelling, drawing skills, visual/spatial thinking and problem solving. Osmo requires an iPad to use, but is compatible with all versions iPad 2 and up. Recommended use for ages 5 – 12.
Micro Kickboard—Finally, an outdoor toy! This scooter is the best-rated scooter around. Designed with 2 front wheels for premium balance and an adjustable handle-bar, the Micro Kickboard is built for long-lasting fun! The scooter has a unique lean-to-steer function making learning to ride easy, as well as confidence boosting. Knowing the Micro Kickboard is designed with safety in mind and is award winning, makes this toy ideal, but seeing the fun and exercise it gives your children makes this toy a must get! The Micro Kickboard comes in a variety of colors, certain to please! My children have loved their scooters! The Mini Deluxe is recommended for ages 2-5 (75lbs and under), while The Deluxe Maxi is recommended for ages 5 – 12 and up to 150 lbs.
Hatchimals—This toy was all the rage last year and is back this year hotter than ever! With several different varieties of Hatchimals, such as Hatchimals Glittering Garden or Hatchimals Colleggtibles, you have many from which to choose. If you are unfamiliar with Hatchimals, they are interactive toy animals inside an egg. With the love and nurture of your child, they hatch from the egg, ready to interact! Your child raises the Hatchimal as it grows through 3 stages (baby, toddler, kid). With light up eyes and cute sounds, the Hatchimal sings, dances, walks and plays games with its' owner. Quite the entertaining and interactive toy, it's bringing smiles to children world-wide! Recommended use for ages 5 and up.
Lucy Hammett's WildLife Bingo—A twist on the beloved, classic Bingo game, this game comes with 6 picture boards, each featuring beautiful color photos of wildlife along with calling cards chock full of informative facts of the wildlife featured on the boards. We've had a blast playing this game with our children, both younger and older. WildLife Bingo is educational, teaching its' players about a variety of wildlife, while providing fun for the whole family. Also to be noted, Lucy Hammett Bingo games come in many genres, Ocean Bingo, Dog Bingo, Farm Bingo, Dinosaur Bingo etc. Recommended use for ages 3 and up.
Richard Scarry's Busytown Eye Found It game—This game has it all! One of our favorite to play as a family, we love this game for the teamwork it builds alone. But there's so much more to enjoy! As a team, you race together to prevent the Pigs from eating all of the food on Picnic Island. But along the way, you stop to discover areas of bustling Busytown and help solve Goldbug mysteries! This was the first board game that introduced us to a collaborative game, building teamwork with encouragement and healthy competition. This is a wonderful game that promotes both social-emotional learning and lots of fun! Recommended use for ages 3 and up.
Bounce-Off—For families who love board games, this is a fun game to add to your collection! It's a game of competition, with a side of strategy and perhaps skill, though luck and some interactive learning via some friendly trash-talk is included! Perfect for teams and individuals and one that can be played over and over again. One of my favorite things about this game is its' humble roots. The packaging of the game comes with a label that states, "Winner of Absolutely No Awards. But Who Cares?" The game is not trying to be anything but what it is…fun, competitive, yet friendly and addictive! Recommended by the manufacturer, Mattel, for ages 6 and up, though any child capable of bouncing a ball onto a board can join in the fun.
Other games we think everyone should have include, Spot It, Blink, Tenzi, Sequence, Zingo and so many others!
Hopefully, you were able to find a few items for the younger crowd on your Christmas list! Remember to look for a variety of toys…ones for indoor/outdoor, some that are educational + interactive and others that are just plain fun and you can't go wrong this holiday season!


The IP tracing evidence is computer produced explicitly for 180.246.5.141. This host has the hardware IP 180.246.5.141.The hardware Internet Protocol Address adheres to authoritative specifications of an IPv4 Internet Protocol Address, which has a decimal value of 3036022157.
An organization that hosts 180.246.5.141 is PT Telkom Indonesia. An Internet Service Provider (also known as ISP) that maintains the hardware to maintain the query identity is PT Telkom Indonesia.
The data for this tracking information confirms that the connection to this host has an assigned physical address in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.The timezone of the location of this host is Asia/Jakarta.
The last user of this IP (Internet protocol) that connected to the website was using a personal PC running Windows 10.0 with Mozilla Firefox 65.0 browser.


Great Smoky Mountain Photo Tours and Workshops. This article was written by professional nature photographer and tour leader John Slonina. He leads tours in the Great Smoky Mountains every year in April and October. He has photographed there for several years.


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You are at:Home»English»Life & Arts»Performing Arts»Noted Modern Dance Teacher, Choreographer Martha Nishitani Dies at 94
Noted Modern Dance Teacher, Choreographer Martha Nishitani Dies at 94
Posted On July 22, 2014 Performing Arts
SEATTLE — Martha Nishitani, a modern dance teacher and choreographer in Seattle for the majority of her lifetime, passed away peacefully on June 5 at the age of 94.
The ninth of 10 children, she was born Feb. 27, 1920, in Seattle to Denjiro and Jin Nishitani. She is survived by her sister, Connie Sekijima of Mercer Island, and numerous nieces and nephews.
Her passion for dance arose at the age of six when she was taken to her first performance. However, she did not begin formal instruction until her high school years, 1935-1939. She was taught at Lincoln High School by Katharine A. Wolfe, who became like a second mother to her.
Martha Nishitani
Nishitani and her family were sent to the Minidoka camp in Idaho during World War II. After she returned to Seattle, she was approached by dance critic Maxine Cushing Gray, who introduced her to modern dance choreographer Eleanor King. Nishitani studied with King and performed in her company for six years.
In 1951, after King left Seattle, Nishitani formed her own dance school (taking over King's former space on First Hill) and started a company, the Martha Nishitani Modern Dance Group. In 1954, she moved her studio to a location in Seattle's University District, where it remained as the Martha Nishitani Modern Dance School until her retirement in 2002.
Nishitani's additional dance training included the Cornish College of the Arts and Connecticut College, where she performed in the American Dance Festival in a piece choreographed by Doris Humphrey. She also attended summer programs at Perry Mansfield and Long Beach State College, and received a bachelor's degree from the University of Washington in 1958.
She also studied ballet, Spanish dance and Japanese classical dance.
In 1954, Nishitani became the choreographer for the University of Washington School of Music's Opera Theater, a position she held for ten years. She taught and choreographed as an artist-in-residence for the University of Washington, and also worked with other schools and organizations, including Seattle Public Schools, Helen Bush School, and Seattle Parks and Recreation.
Nishitani received many awards. The Seattle chapter of Theata Sigma Phi named her a Woman of Achievement in 1968 and the Northwest Asian American Theatre honored her as an Asian American Living Treasure in (1984). Nishitani also was a member of the American Dance Guild and the Congress on Research in Dance (CORD).
A memorial was held on July 5 at Blaine United Methodist Church in Seattle. Remembrances may be sent to Progressive Animal Welfare Society, PO Box 1037, Lynnwood, WA 98046, or go to www.paws.org for online donations.
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Check Out The Online Dating Profiles of Superman and Wonder Woman! (Did You Know They're a Thing Now?)
I don't know if you guys heard, but America has a new power couple--Superman and Wonder Woman are officially an item. In honor of the occasion, we've got some information on their relationship plus some superhero statistics on love and kissing.
By Gena Kaufman
Yep, that's right. Sorry Lois Lane, Superman's got a new ladyfriend. Their first kiss will be featured in Justice League #12 tomorrow, and in honor of the pairing, Match.com teamed up with DC Comics to provide some background information on the twosome and the results of their new First Kiss Survey.
Since the superheroes are a thing, they won't be needing their dating profiles anymore. In fact, Match.com's Chief Scientific advisor says that "As a couple, they are a classic match of a high-testosterone male and the high-estrogen female and they have many cultural and biological traits that will fuel their romance." But you can check out the retired profiles for inspiration for your own:
Superman is interested in volunteering, air travel, truth, justice, and the American Way, and while he likes meeting new people, he also claims to enjoy his "pretty sweet man cave!"
Wonder Woman completed the Amazonian Trials, likes romance novels about vampires, and appears to have a thing for pets: "I had a mythical winged horse once but it magically turned into my invisible jet—er, cats. I like cats."
Funny, right? As for the First Kiss statistics, here's a summary of a few stats:
Out of all superheroes, women would prefer to kiss Superman (76.2%), while men were more into Catwoman (47.3%) than Wonder Woman (27.3%). Both sexes agree that if they were a superhero, the ideal location for a first kiss would be while flying in the air. Leaving the superheroes out of it, most people (81.7% of women and 91% of men) will take a second chance even if the first kiss was bad. Only 40.8% of men and 31.9% of women think a kiss is appropriate on a first date. (Which explains a lot to me.) And as we already suspected, bad breath is the number one first kiss turnoff. Luckily we found a handy prevention method.
What do you think of this pairing of superheroes? Comics aren't really my thing but I guess Superman is kind of a hottie. Who would be your imaginary superhero boyfriend?
More power couples:
5 Things You Don't Know About the Obamas' Marriage
How Cute Are These Olympic Couples?
The Hottest New Celebrity Couples of 2011. Ahh, Love, Sweet Love!
Topicscouplesdatingdating menfirst dateskisskissingwhat men wantwhat women want


text:
Rails.application.routes.draw do
  root to: 'rooms#index'

  resources :rooms, only: %i(index create show), param: :name

  namespace :api do
    resources :rooms, only: %i(show), param: :name

    namespace :rooms do
      scope ':name' do
        resources :talks, only: %i(create update destroy) do
          collection do
            resources :shuffle, only: %i(create), module: :talks
          end
        end
      end
    end

    patch '/talks/:id/progress', to: 'talks/progress#update', constraints: {id: /\d+/}, as: :talks_progress
  end

  mount ActionCable.server => '/cable'
end