text:
Nick Vallelonga Green Book, Tony Lip, News, Bio, Age, Twitter, Movies and Productions
Nick Vallelonga Biography
Nick Vallelonga is an American actor, screenwriter, and film director known for co-writing and producing the film Green Book, for which he received two Academy Award nominations. He has also directed the films In the Kingdom of the Blind, the Man with One Eye Is King, Choker, and Stiletto, and co-wrote the screenplay to Deadfall.
Nick Vallelonga Photo
Nick Vallelonga Age
Vallelonga was born on September 13, 1959, in The Bronx, New York City, U.S. He is 59 years old as of 2018.
Nick Vallelonga Family
Nick Vallelonga was raised by his parents Tony Lip (Frank Anthony Vallelonga Sr.) (father) and Dolores Vallelonga (mother) alongside his brother Frank Vallelonga. His father was also an actor who died on January 4, 2013, and mother died in 1999. His brother Frank Vallelonga is also an actor.
Nick Vallelonga Father / Tony Lip
Nick Vallelonga's father Frank Anthony Vallelonga Sr, better known as Tony Lip was an American actor and occasional author known for his portrayal of crime boss Carmine Lupertazzi in the HBO series The Sopranos.
He played real-life Bonanno crime family mobster Philip Giaccone in Donnie Brasco, and real-life Lucchese crime family mobster Francesco Manzo in Goodfellas. It was at the Copacabana nightclub where he first met Francis Ford Coppola and Louis DiGiamo, leading to a small role in The Godfather, his film debut. He also co-wrote the book Shut Up and Eat! (2005).
His time in the early 1960s, when he was the driver and bodyguard for the African-American classical pianist Don Shirley, was dramatized in the 2018 film Green Book.
He died on January 4, 2013, in Teaneck, New Jersey at age 82.
Nick Vallelonga Career
Vallelonga developed his acting passion at an early age of twelve years old where he appeared in the wedding scenes of The Godfather. He studied acting in New York with highly acclaimed teachers Tom Brennan of Circle in the Square, William Hickey of HB Studios and Julie Bovasso of the Actors Studio, and appeared in many off-Broadway productions, as well as small acting roles in films and television.
During this time, Nick also worked running the teleprompter and editing scripts at CBS News for many shows, including CBS This Morning, The NFL Today, The CBS Evening News with Dan Rather and 60 Minutes. His first script, "Deadfall", co-written with director Christopher Coppola, was made into a feature film starred by Nicolas Cage, Michael Biehn, James Coburn, Charlie Sheen, Peter Fonda, Talia Shire, Angus Scrimm, Clarence Williams III and Micky Dolenz. Nick then went on to write and direct independent films such as "A Brilliant Disguise" produced by Cassian Elwes and starred by Lysette Anthony, Tony Denison, and Corbin Bernsen. "The Corporate Ladder", produced by Jeremy Kramer for MPCA, starred, Ben Cross, Kathleen Kinmont, Tony Denison Jennifer O'Neil and Jon Polito.
He wrote, produced, directed and co-starred in, "In the Kingdom of the Blind, the Man with One Eye Is King". The excellent ensemble cast included William Petersen, Michael Biehn, Paul Winfield, Leo Rossi, Kristian Alfonso and Vallelonga's dad, Tony Lip (of The Sopranos). "Kingdom" was an official selection in the Nortel Palm Springs International Film Festival and the Santa Barbara Film Festival. After the 9/11 tragedy, Vallelonga wrote, performed and recorded a Christmas CD, "New York City Christmas", dedicated to the New York City Police and Firemen.
In 2005, he decided to test the limits of low-budget HD cinema with what can only be called a digital experiment; "Disturbance" (aka "Choker") starring himself, Paul Sloan, Colleen Porch, Hayley DuMond, and Tony Denison. It was shot in 12 days, and the result is a unique and exciting sci-fi/noir feature film that delivers both commercial appeal and a satisfying artistic flair. "Disturbance" was an Official Selection at the Silver Lake Film Festival and The Other Venice Film Festival. It was named the winner of the 2006 George Zucco Award for the Best DVD release of 2006, presented by EdgarAllanPoeFolks.tripod.com to Director Nick Vallelonga. Award is given to promote auteur's of quality entertainment worthy of vintage science fiction, fantasy and horror films, and to preserve macabre masterpieces for posterity.
During this time Nick starred with Dan Ackroyd in the Charter Communication commercial directed by John Landis. For his next film, Vallelonga produced and directed, "All In", a drama about a father and daughter who get caught up in the world of championship poker. It stars Dominique Swain, Michael Madsen, Louis Gossett Jr., James Russo, Colleen Porch, Leo Rossi, Scott Whyte, Michelle Lombardo, Kristen Miller, Christopher Backus, Johann Urb, Hayley DuMond, Leo Rossi, and Tony Lip. Vallelonga also produced "Machine", with writer/director Michael Lazar. In the fall of 2006, Vallelonga produced "A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper", for Executive Producer, Academy Award Winner Bobby Moresco.
In 2007, he produced and directed, the crime drama, "Stiletto", written by Paul Sloan. "Stiletto" stars Tom Berenger, Michael Biehn, Stana Katic, Paul Sloan, William Forsythe, James Russo, Tom Sizemore, Diane Venora, Kelly Hu, Amanda Brooks, Dominique Swain, and D.B. Sweeney. "Stiletto" was an official selection of the Newport Beach Film Festival and the Charleston Film Festival.
In 2007, he also acted in the role of "Big Tony" in two segments of "Fran & Ramus", the comedy series seen on Heavy.com. In 2010, he Produced and directed the indy western "Yellow Rock", starring Michael Biehn, James Russo, Christopher Backus, and writer/producer Lenore Andriel. Yellow Rock went on to win several film festival awards, including the prestigious Wrangler Award for Best Director and Best Film at the Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City. During this time, Vallelonga continued acting in films and TV, including roles in "New Girl", "Rake", "Aquarius", "See Dad Run", "Jersey Shore Shark Attack", and "Summoned". In 2016, he line-produced "Chocolate City", starring Michael Jai White and Vivica Fox. He then produced "I Am Wrath", starring John Travolta, Christopher Meloni, and Paul Sloan. He was also a producer on "Vigilante Diaries", starring Paul Sloan, Michael Madsen, James Russo, and Rampage Jackson. He produced the Syfy film, "Pandora's Box" and the pilot for "Jaded," starring D.B. Sweeney, James Russo, and Jacqueline Lord.
In 2017 Vallelonga directed and produced the tv pilot "Unorganized Crime" starring Chazz Palminteri, which has won numerous film festival awards for Best Director and Best Crime Drama. In 2018 Nick acted in the film "Poison Rose" starring John Travolta and directed by George Gallo. Nick wrote and produced "Green Book" with Peter Farrelly and Brian Hayes Currie, based on the true story of Nick's father Tony Lip, who went on a tour of the south with the brilliant pianist Dr. Donald Shirley in 1962. Directed by Peter Farrelly, Green Book stars Viggo Mortensen, Academy Award winner Mahershala Ali and Linda Cardellini and will be released in 2018 by Universal, Dreamworks and Participant Media. Vallelonga Productions has several films and television projects in development, including, That's Amore!, The Reunion, Men at Sea, 10 Double Zero, American Noir, Brute Force, New York City Christmas and Copacabana.
Nick Vallelonga Green Book
The film Green Book (2018) is the true story of Nick Vallelonga's father Tony Lip, who went on a tour of the segregated south in the early 1960s with pianist Don Shirley. Green Book is written and produced by Nick Vallelonga, Peter Farrelly, Brian Hayes Currie. It is directed by Peter Farrelly. It stars Viggo Mortensen as Tony Lip, Mahershala Ali as Donald Shirley and Linda Cardellini as Nick's mother, Dolores. Director Peter Farrelly cast real family members to play roles in the film. Nick's brother, Frank Vallelonga, plays Rudy, Tony Lip's brother. The real Rudy Vallelonga, plays his and Tony's father, Nicola, and Lou Venere plays his and Dolores' father, Anthony. Vallelonga also plays the role of Mob Boss Augie. Tony Lip went on to become an actor, appearing in many films and TV shows including The Godfather, The Pope of Greenwich Village, and Goodfellas. Lip is best known for his role as New York Crime Boss Carmine Lupartazzi in the HBO series "The Sopranos". "Green Book is released by Universal, Dreamworks and Participant Media.
Nick Vallelonga Golden Globes Speech
Nick Vallelonga Movies and TV Shows
Prizzi's Honor
Psycho Cop 2
Coyote Ugly
Jersey Shore Shark Attack
Vigilante Diaries
As writer
Deadfall (1993)
A Brilliant Disguise (1994)
In the Kingdom of the Blind, the Man with One Eye Is King (1995)
The Corporate Ladder (1997)
Choker (2005)
Green Book (2018)
As director
All In (2006)
Stiletto (2008)
Yellow Rock (2011)
Nick Vallelonga Productions
A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper (2007)
Vigilante Diaries (2016)
Nick Vallelonga Twitter
Tweets by nick_vallelonga
Previous post:Jo Coddington Biography, Age, Husband, American Hot Rod And Net Worth.
Next post:Ryan Allen Biography, Age, Wife, Super Bowl, Contract and News.


Assuming you have installed and activated the plugin now it is time to configure the plugin. The plugin configuration page has only two options as shown in the below screen shot. The plugin also adds Visual Editor button which we will discuss later in this article.
The first option should be left blank if you have installed WordPress in root directory. This is the generic case. In case you have installed WordPress in sub directory of your root directory then mention the sub directory name in the first option. You should mention the sub directory name without any trailing slashes (/).
You have to mention your Image directory or folder name in second option. For example if you create images directory in root directory of WordPress installation then mention enter images here. The folder name should be mentioned without any trailing slashes (/).
If you have created the folder in uploads directory then enter name of the folder without any trailing slashes (/) (wp-content/uploads/images) . You can also use any existing directory as well.
After entering above two options you can Save the Options.
After the plugin is installed and activated you can see a new Visual Editor button. This visual editor button enables you to add Galleries to your WordPress posts and pages. Once you click on Visual Editor you will see pop up with below options.
You can select between different Gallery types plugin support.
You can have File Name as Caption text or Sub folder name as caption text or can disable it all together. Your file name and sub folder name is also used for ALT text generation. So you should use meaningful sub folder name and file name for better Image SEO.
Currently the plugin supports 8 animation types. You can select any for your Gallery from this drop down.
Currently the plugin supports 10 effects. You can select any for your Gallery from this drop down.
How to create your first Gallery?
Create a folder inside your WordPress installation. You can create it any where but I would recommend creating it in either root folder or uploads directory. This folder will have all the sub folders.
For example lets assume you have created folder images in root directory of your WordPress installation.On the plugin configuration page the option Enter Image Directory will be images.
Now that you have created folder to contain all of your images. In this step create a sub folder inside the folder you created in step 1. Lets assume you have created sub folder Cats inside the Images folder mentioned in step 1.
You can create as many sub folders you want. For every sub folder you can have one Gallery.
Now add all images to the sub folder you want under the Gallery Cats . You can do so with FTP or any other process. You need to directly upload the images there.
Now log into your WordPress dashboard and open the post in which you want to place the Gallery. Auto Gallery plugin adds a Visual Editor button. Use the button to add the Gallery in the post or page.
For example on the Visual Editor button pop you will have to Cats in the option Enter Gallery Source. The Enter Gallery Source will be same as Sub folder name.
Your Gallery should be live now. For any change in Gallery in future you just have to add or delete or replace images in the sub folder. There is no action from WordPress dashboard. There is no limit on number of sub folders or number of images you can have in a Gallery.


text:
Ultrasound Tech Hourly Pay Ohio
November 29, 2021 / No Comments on "Ultrasound Tech Hourly Pay Ohio"
Get free ultrasound tech info now! Those at the high end of the spectrum earned $105,340 whereas those towards the.
Where Do Sonographers Make The Most Money In The Us Aims Education
This estimate is based upon 1 the ohio state university ultrasound tech salary report(s) provided by employees or estimated based upon statistical methods.
Ultrasound tech hourly pay ohio. Sonographer ultrasound technologist dayton $3500 sign on bon. Salary range for ultrasound technicians while there is a substantial range in salary depending on where you live and your level of experience it is not quite as apparent as with some other healthcare careers. According to payscale.com, the average ohio ultrasound technician salary for those just out of school is $21.68 an hour.
There is a lot of pressure on ultrasound techs to be proficient in the art of ultrasound. Hourly wage $ 25.86 $ 30.30 $ 36.50 $ 43.72 $ 50.65: People on the lower end of that spectrum, the bottom 10% to be exact, make roughly $54,000 a year, while the top 10% makes $89,000.
This salary represents every ultrasound tech in the state, regardless of his or her education, place of employment, certification, or experience. In addition, they earn an average bonus of $1,419. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession.
For more common facilities such as hospitals, medical and diagnostic laboratories, and specialty hospitals, an ultrasound technician typically can earn an average mean salary between $74,180 to $79,800 annually. Your 2022 guide for sonographer's salaries. The average ultrasound technologist ii salary in ohio is $79,548 as of october 29, 2021, but the range typically falls between $72,040 and $87,263.
Get free ultrasound tech info now! Annual wage $ 53,790 $ 63,020 $ 75,920 $ 90,940 $ 105,340 That includes the need to be able to use.
Mississippi, california, nevada, west virginia, and rhode island. As of nov 1, 2021, the average annual pay for an ultrasound technician in ohio is $57,593 an year. The average ultrasound technologist gross salary in dayton, ohio is $76,728 or an equivalent hourly rate of $37.
How much does a ultrasound tech at the ohio state university make? How much does an ultrasound technician make in ohio? The mean annual salary a sonographer earns is $77,790, according to the most recent bureau of labor statistics (bls) may 2020 salary survey.
The median annual salary for ultrasound technicians in ohio was $60,100 in 2013, which was slightly lower than the national median of $66,400. The mean ultrasound technician hourly salary in the usa is $34.08. 157 vascular ultrasound jobs available in ohio on indeed.com.
With such a great outlook for employment in this field, now is definitely the time to get started on your way to becoming an ultrasound technician in ohio. In this sector, an ultrasound tech can expect to earn an average annual mean salary of $88,820 or around $42.70 dollars per hour. The btx mission is to provide quality diagnostic services to residents at their bedside preventing….
The average ultrasound tech salary in ohio is $67,730 a year, or $32.56 an hour. As most things go, location can be critical. As of october 29, 2021, the average ultrasound tech salary in dayton, oh is $66,328.
The typical salary for a technician with a degree in science, technology, or engineering is around $45,000 a year. Apply to vascular technologist, ultrasonographer, sonographer and more! The average hourly pay for an ultrasound technologist in dayton, ohio is $27.15.
This translated to a median hourly wage of $28.88 for those technicians working in ohio. The average ultrasound technologist salary is $69,993 per year, or $33.65 per hour, in the united states. But that doesn't include a lot of extra stuff that ultrasound techs do to make a living.
How much do sonographers make? Salaries can vary greatly depending on numerous factors, including position, location, years of experience, and level of. The chart below represents localized salaries for some of our most popular ultrasound tech job titles in dayton, oh.
What is the average salary of an ultrasound tech in the state of ohio? Just in case you need a simple salary calculator, that works out to be approximately $27.69 an hour. Visit payscale to research ultrasound technologist hourly pay by city, experience, skill, employer and more.
Ultrasound technician salaries rank among some of the highest of all medical technician fields. 51 rows the average salary is $65,753 a year.
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
How To Become An Ultrasound Technician – Salary Training Schools Job Description
Radiologic Technologist – Career Rankings Salary Reviews And Advice Us News Best Jobs
Best And Worst States To Be An Ultrasound Technician In 2017
Ultrasound Technician Salary How Much Does An Ultrasound Tech Make
Ultrasound Technician School Salary Career Facts
Ultrasound Tech Salary How Much Can You Expect To Make
Ultrasound Tech Salary Information Sonographer – Algrimco
Salaryscan Radiologist Salaries Rise As Rt Pay Falls
Sonography Technician Salary Overview Ultrasound Technician
Top 5 Paying Medical Imaging Jobs For 2022
14 Accredited Ultrasound Technician Schools In Ohio Ultrasound Technician
Travel Sonographer Annual Salary 94763 Avg Nov 2021 – Ziprecruiter
Ultrasound Tech Salary What Sonographers Earn In 2022
Ultrasound Technician Salary From Entry Level To Top Earner

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Fans anticipating the star-studded music video of PSY's "Daddy" were given a sneak peek of Jung Woo Sung's cameo through a photo that circulated on the internet on August 8.
According to Dispatch who released the photo of Jung Woo Sung and PSY, the photo was taken in the music video filming of "Daddy" held at Everland on August 7.
Wearing a green blazer with a white shirt, pants, and white shoes, Jung Woo Sung looks very casual and comfortable while seated with his legs crossed. PSY, on the other hand, is dressed in his signature suit and tie while standing near Jung Woo Sung.
After news of Jung Woo Sung making an appearance on PSY's music video came out, the anticipation of the fans rose and many became curious of what the actor will do in the music video.
According to reports, 2NE1's CL and "Little Psy" Hwang Min Woo will also be making appearances in the "Daddy" music video.
Jung Woo Sung was last seen in the box office hit "The Divine Move" which is about a pro-baduk/Go player that is out to seek revenge after being framed for murder. The movie was shown last July 3 and topped the box office on its first day of showing.


text:
Susan Claire Agbayani
CLAIRE AGBAYANI has been writing since she was 9, and has been writing professionally since she was 19.
Her first feature articles were published in Chi Rho, the college publication of Maryknoll College (now Miriam College) and UP Collegian of the University of the Philippines Diliman. Her first professional feature articles were published in Business Times, Malaysia and in Saudi Arabia while she was doing internship at DepthNews, Press Foundation of Asia. She has since written for major broadsheets and glossy magazines.
Her personality profiles, features and reviews have seen print in publications such as the defunct Business Day, New Day, News Day, Daily Globe, Diario Filipino, Manila Chronicle, The Weekly Observer as well as in The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Philippine Star, Manila Times, Pahayagang Malaya, Business World and the magazines of these broadsheets such as Sunday Inquirer Magazine, Starweek, Sunday Times Magazine, High Life and Business Mirror's Personal Fortune. She has also contributed to magazines such as the defunct Xtreme, Perspective and Rush, as well as to Mr. & Ms, Mega, Preview and Good Housekeeping.
She was a staffwriter of TV Times, reporter of Business Star, music columnist of Cosmopolitan Philippines, associate editor of Pulp Magazineand managing editor of The Philippines Yearbook.
She was also one of the writers of the pioneering Pinoy music online site philmusic.com.
Claire's short stories were published in the following publications: Philippine Graphic, Philippines Free Press, Diario Filipino, Women's Journal and Pulp.
Claire graduated from Maryknoll College with a baccalaureate degree in Communication Arts. She took two years worth of course work on Creative Writing at UP Diliman and De La Salle University-Manila, both under scholarship.
She has taught Communication Arts-English and Creative Writing to students of HEDCen at the Little Farm House and Cornerstone Academy, and Journalism, Broadcasting and Theater to college students in UP Baguio. Occasionally, she facilitates writing workshops for foundations and NGOs.


The new Skilled Occupation List is due to take effect from 1 July, 2014 and is developed by the Australian Workforce and Productivity Agency. Occupations on the Skilled Occupation List enable eligible applicants to apply for skilled migration to Australia without need for a State/Territory or Employer sponsor.
The Australian has reported that Chefs, Bricklayers and Tilers are to be added to the 2014-2015 Skilled Occupation List for Australian Migration.
Assistant Minister for Immigration and Border Protection Michaelia Cash said the addition of the three professions would be welcomed in regional areas where there was increased demand for these jobs but "a decrease in apprenticeship completions''.
However, the announcement has come not without criticisms. Unions have attacked the changes, arguing that they are not having many issues locating local workers in the building industry.
Are you a chef, tiler or bricklayer?
View occupation information for Chef.
Under the 3 per cent cap, up to 2283 overseas chefs could apply for a place in the program, rising to 4566 if the cap went to 6 per cent. For bricklayers, the maximum number would be 1401, and 948 for floor and wall tilers.
This means that there will be limited spaces available. If you intend to apply for Australian Permanent Residency, we encourage you to speak with us to avoid unnecessary delays to lodging your visa application. For example, you will need to have your skills assessed before applying for your visa – this can take several months.
Submit an online enquiry or call 02 8205 7555 to speak to a migration agent.
Are you subscribed to email updates? Subscribe now for free.


text:
Guns Rifles
5 Guns That Made a Difference
September 23, 2010 By Terry Wieland
There are shotguns and there are shotguns, and amazingly, those of the last 50 years trump those of the former 50.
By Terry Wieland
Fifty years ago--1960--the Gun Digest devoted fewer than a dozen pages to American-made shotguns. Today, the shotgun section is 40 pages long, and it packs in far more guns per page.
Looking back, the wonder is not how few choices were available in 1960. No, to me, the wonder is that almost all of those guns are dead, gone, and forgotten. With one or two exceptions, such as the Holland & Holland side-by-side in the "imported gun" section, almost everything has changed.
And wonder of wonders, by and large the change has been for the better. We have more, and better, and finer shotguns now than we had in 1960. As a hidebound traditionalist, it is a surprise even to me that I would write that.
Another interesting fact is that almost all of this increased choice today comes from offshore. We still have American-made shotguns, but we have vastly more imported ones than we did then, and you now see these imported guns everywhere from the trap range to the duck blind.
Broadly speaking, the biggest change from then to now is the wide popularity of the over-under, mirrored by decreased interest in pump guns. There were few side-by-sides left in 1960, and there are few now (at least readily affordable ones). The other design that has come on strong is the semiautomatic, and it is fair to say that in 2010, most shotgunners use either over-unders or semiautos, with everything else trailing the pack.
How did we get here? What designs were the most influential? What guns--not thought of in 1960--came along and shaped the way we shoot today?
Given the rise of the over-under and autoloader, it is not surprising that I picked three O-U guns and one autoloader as having a particular impact. The fifth gun is a side-by-side, influential not because of the tidal wave of similar guns it provoked, but because it caused a shift in American attitudes that led to a whole new class of gun.
Browning Citori 625 Field
Browning Citori
It is fitting that Browning should claim the first spot because, since the 1920s and continuing to this day, the famous Browning Superposed really defined over-unders for American shooters.
The Superposed was John M. Browning's last design, and it was produced for a half-century at the FN plant in Belgium. The quality was unvarying in its excellence, the workmanship was superb, and it was made in some fabulous high grades. By the early 1970s, however, labor costs in Europe had driven the cost of the Superposed (and all other Belgian-made Browning firearms) out of reach of most shooters.
Seeing the writing on the wall, Browning designed a new, simpler over-under to replace the Superposed--the Citori--and moved production to Japan, where costs were low but quality of machine manufacturing was high. In 1975, the first year it was listed in Gun Digest, a Citori Field grade cost $325, while a Superposed Grade I was $780.
Eventually, the Citori was offered in a wide range of grades and styles, but the basic Field gun became the standard and provided an entire generation of Americans with a solid, affordable over-under at a time when prices of everything were going wild. And, with a taste for over-unders firmly established, the Citori inspired an ever-increasing number of models from other manufacturers.
Ruger Red Label
By 1977 inflation and interest rates had hit stratospheric levels, and it sometimes seemed as if nothing was affordable--not cars, not gasoline, not chewing gum. But we reckoned without Bill Ruger, the savior of American shooters so many times before, and he did not fail us then.
Conventional wisdom said that over-unders required too much hand labor, and that cheap hand labor was only available overseas. So America would produce mechanical guns like semiautos and pumps, while the finer over-unders and side-by-sides would be produced in the craft-conscious but low-cost backwaters of Europe.
Ruger looked at the situation and decided that America could produce an over-under with graceful lines, a genuine walnut stock, a durable action--and an affordable price. No one believed him. They were wrong. The result was the Red Label.
When it appeared in 1977, the Red Label listed at just $480; it was available initially in 20 gauge, with the 12 coming along in 1982.
The wonderful thing about the Red Label was not its low cost, or even its durable construction and reliability.
The great thing was its style. Bill Ruger had an eye for lines in guns, and the Red Label reflected it. It was less blocky than the Browning Citori, and in many ways more aesthetically pleasing even than the Beretta 686 that came along later. The action was rounded, and the stock through the pistol grip was similarly rounded without the usual flat panels in the stock behind the receiver. The fore-end was slimmer than most.
Whether Ruger was consciously seeking the look of the famous Boss over-under, with its slim receiver, I don't know. If he didn't achieve it, though, he came close. The Red Label was not as deep as the Superposed or even the Citori, and so it had elegant and graceful lines its whole length.
All that for $480? Stand back, city folk, and let the country people have a look.
Beretta 686 King Ranch Silver Pigeon.
Beretta 680
Then came the Beretta 680 series over-unders, introduced in 1979 and beginning life as trap and skeet guns costing more than $1,100 but quickly expanding to include the 686 Field gun. The 686 Field was $735--eminently more affordable than the competition guns but still a
generous step up from the Citori and Red Label.
With the introduction of the 680 series guns, American shotgunners suddenly had a real choice in good over-unders, with a meaningful price difference among them, but--perhaps more important--the opportunity to start with a cheaper one and later move up in price, quality, and status.
Not that there was a huge difference in quality between the Citori and the 686. Both were good, rugged designs that just kept shooting regardless of conditions. But Italy has a long history of fine-gun manufacturing and a mystique that Japan did not have then, and does not have now. Shooting a European over-under carried cachet. It still does. To a great extent, the Citori replaced the Superposed in the Browning lineup, but the 686 replaced the Superposed in our hearts.
Ultimately, there came a flood of competing over-under designs from Italy, leading to the plethora of variations, names, styles, and grades that we enjoy today. But it really began with the 686.
Benelli Super Black Eagle II.
Benelli Autoloader
Through the 1960s, the Browning Auto-5 and similar designs defined the semiautomatic shotgun, but whatever its other virtues, the Auto-5 was not graceful. It felt awkward, and the movement of its long-recoil action was disconcerting when you first shot it.
As with the Superposed, the inflation of the 1970s spelled the effective end of the Auto-5, but by that time, it was a 70-year-old design anyway, and everyone was ready for a change. Several other semiauto shotguns already existed, including a couple from Browning, but it was the arrival of the Benelli from Italy in 1977 that changed our whole perception of the semiauto.
The basic Benelli had two cardinal virtues. One, it was extremely simple, with fewer moving parts than any other semiauto. It could be disassembled and cleaned in minutes, and if you didn't have the necessary minutes to do that, well, you could just keep shooting because the Benelli, it seemed, would shoot forever. It established a reputation for reliability unmatched by any other semiauto.
The Benelli's second virtue was its handling. Somehow, its Italian designers managed to impart the liveliness of a nice over-under with a stock of European walnut carefully fashioned to feel quick and streamlined. Instead of a heavy, clanking machine, the Benelli was well-balanced and responsive.
Through the 1980s and into the '90s, when Americans began to head south of the border in droves to hunt doves in places like Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina, the outfitters would save them the trouble of transporting guns by offering to supply loaners. Almost invariably, in any well-run operation, the guns for loan would be 12-gauge Benelli autoloaders and 20-gauge Beretta over-unders. One Mexican operator told me in 1996 that the Benelli was the only autoloader that stood up to the pounding and kept working.
What's more, with its good balance and swing, clients hit a lot of birds with them. Many, it seemed, bought a Benelli when they got home, and it became the standard by which other semiautomatics were--and are--measured.
Parker Reproduction.
Parker Reproduction
The Parker Reproduction was a short-lived experiment that, while it did not produce a continuous-production gun, did inspire similar experiments and ushered in a whole new approach to making a certain type of gun.
The type in question was the high-quality side-by-side double.
By 1960 all the famous American double guns were out of production, victims of a shortage of skilled labor and a public infatuation with firepower. Shooters interested in double guns, either collecting or shooting, began to drive up the price of used specimens of the most admired names, particularly Parker and Fox.
The Parker was the most desirable of all, widely acknowledged as "Old Reliable," the aristocrat of American double guns. Several books were written about them, and by the early 1980s prices were climbing quickly. In the face of this obvious demand, rumors circulated that Remington, which owned the Parker name, might begin production again at some point. But it never happened.
Then a Parker collector named Tom Skeuse made a deal with Olin-Kodensha in Japan, maker of the Winchester 101 over-under, to produce a gun he called the Parker Reproduction. It was a faithful copy, right down to interchangeable parts, of the Parker DHE grade. It was available only in 20 gauge when it was unveiled in 1984, but 28-gauge guns came along later.
At $2,800, the Parker Reproduction was not cheap, but for a gun of that quality, and compared to collector prices for original Parkers, it was not out of line. The guns were well made and very attractive. Alas, they were in production only until 1988, when Olin-Kodensha pulled the plug, leaving the gun business to make car parts instead.
The impact of the new Parker lingered on, though. Entrepreneurs looked at other old double-gun designs and thought about emulating the Parker Reproduction. Eventually, Tony Galazan's Connecticut Shotgun Manufacturing began making the A.H. Fox in Connecticut, and the Ithaca double returned briefly in upstate New York. Another approach was to have guns made overseas, and at least one L.C. Smith traveled to Spain in a vain quest to find a maker.
Of the bunch, only Galazan is still operating. He now makes the Winchester 21 under license as well as the Fox, and he even makes double guns of his own design. So, in the Galazan shop, the great American double gun is back, albeit on a small scale.
The arrival of the Parker Reproduction coincided with a real acceleration of interest in all better-quality double guns, and soon shooters were buying custom guns from Spain and Italy, as well as buying used boxlocks, sidelocks, and even hammer guns from the U.K.
Not all of this activity can be laid at the door of the Parker Reproduction, of course, but it seemed to be the catalyst that changed our broad outlook on doubles. The Parker Reproduction's run was short-lived, but its influence was long-lasting.
Where Are We Headed In 2010?
Well, the action among manufacturers interested in selling guns in quantity lies mostly in the realm of semiautos, where there is a race among Browning, Beretta, and Benelli to outdo each other in reliability and versatility.
Moving up into the $3,000 to $5,000 class--a not insubstantial sales stratum, by the way--the activity is almost entirely over-unders. Today's O-U guns are slimmer, better balanced, and more reliable than those of the 1970s by a long way. There are entries from Germany to compete with the dominant Italians, and Browning is still very much in the game as well.
So our five guns continue to influence what we shoot long after their arrival here.
And the quality of what we are shooting? Not only do we have vastly more choices today than we had in 1960, but gun for gun there is simply no comparison.
.25-06 Remington: King of Quarter-Bores
10mm Firepower: Springfield XD-M Elite 3.8 Compact Pistol Review
7 Critical Features of Long-Range Scopes
Game & Fish
In-Fisherman


text:
How medicine erased Black women from a 'white man's disease'
The whitest specialty: As medicine strives to close its diversity gaps, one field remains a stubborn outlier
A self-replicating hypothesis
In 'Unequal Cities,' authors aim to debunk the idea that genetics, rather than racism, causes health disparities
'I wanted to be the majority'
Listen: Lauren Powell on the intersection of Covid-19 and racism
A 'paucity of data'
A livestock-poison-turned-drug might save her from endless cancer surgeries. But if she helps test it, could she afford to keep taking it?
'A huge incentive'
Dedicated space
What Christi Taylor-Gentry remembers most about third grade are the times when the teaching stopped and she and her twin sister were sent out of the room. They were new at Lanier Elementary. Their parents were newly divorced, their mom living in a subdivision on the northwestern edge of Tulsa, Okla., with manmade ponds and curvy sidewalk-less streets.
It was the 1970s — two decades after Brown v. Board of Education, but Tulsa schools had only just been dragged toward desegregation. Taylor-Gentry's parents chose Lanier, on the south side: A school in the white part of town, they figured, would have more to put into their kids' education. Every morning, before the 20-minute drive, she and her sister would wake at 5, submit to their mom's vociferous combing or get a light comb-clunk on the head.
They were the only Black students there. They made friends, became Blue Birds, wore the uniform of red vests over white shirts, with navy skirts and knee socks. That year, "Roots" came out on ABC, and a classmate took to calling her Toby, the name the slave owner gives the main character in the miniseries. Every so often, a kid would use the N-word within earshot of a teacher, and the class would grind to a halt. There would be a Conversation, while Taylor-Gentry and her sister were sent to help out with the kindergartners, or get such-and-such from the teachers' room, or go read in the library. She loved Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle, how Hubert who wouldn't pick up his toys ended up barricaded in and had to receive dinner through his window, on the tines of a garden rake.
She came from a family of teachers — generations of them, and she became one, too, in Ohio, where she'd gone to college. But then, when she was about 40, joint pain started getting in the way. It had started with her knees and lower back in her 20s. Now, the throbbing in her elbow would wake her up in the wee hours, as if she'd somehow broken it in her sleep. Some days it was hard to move. One doctor dismissed it as a quirk of heredity. Another said fibromyalgia, and put her on meds that didn't help. A psychiatrist told her she just had to push through: Just do it, like the Nike ad said.
Eventually, she found herself in a rheumatologist's office in Columbus, her joints being painfully pulled at and swiveled. After, as the doctor helped her down off the exam table, he said he was pretty sure this was ankylosing spondylitis. He wrote it down for her, so she could look it up. It was typically found in white men, he went on; he didn't think there could be many more than 20 Black women in America who had it.
Taylor-Gentry was shocked. He was a good doctor — one of the best she'd seen: kind, thorough, probing issues others hadn't taken seriously. But did she actually have this disease? When she looked it up, there was almost nothing about Black women in the scientific papers she found. Was she really such a rarity? It wasn't a good feeling, this strange sense of being alone. There was something familiar about it, like walking into a room you recognize but can't quite place.
Even for a "stereotypical" patient, ankylosing spondylitis can take years to get diagnosed. If, like Taylor-Gentry, you're seen as an anomaly, the delay can be even more extreme. For Wendy Covington, it took a decade. It started in her knees, as if some crucial piece were being wrenched out of place. She called her mom, who lives near her in North Carolina. "I said, 'Can you please bring me the walker that Uncle Eddie's mother-in-law was using? I need it. I can't walk.'" Uncle Eddie's mother-in-law had been in her 90s; Covington was 28. In the hospital, the pain faded with steroids. But there was no diagnosis. When friends called, worried, asking what was wrong, she wasn't sure what to say. "None of the doctors knew what this was," she said.
For Roz Tolliver, of Merced, Calif., it took 30 years. Her dad had had AS, his vertebrae totally fused. He couldn't lift his chin away from his chest. He'd grown up a sharecropper, lied about his age to enlist in World War II "to get the hell out of Mississippi." He wasn't one to complain. Only after his death, when she got her dad's records from the VA, did she realize her many unexplained symptoms mirrored his. She told her doctors. "They just dismissed it," she said.
It took Wendy Covington a decade to receive an ankylosing spondylitis diagnosis. Jay Harrison
It wasn't the only thing they dismissed. There was the throbbing in her pelvic bone, which her pain management physician didn't believe in until she happened to land in the ER for something else. By chance, a scan revealed an issue in the cartilage of her pubic arch. "I took it to my doctor, and I showed him; that's when he looked at me, and he's like, 'Oh, wow, you do have pain there.' It's so insulting," she said. Same thing with her shoulder. "I just feel like as a Black woman, I am not taken seriously. Until the evidence is in front — this objective evidence — I am not to be believed."
That pattern of dismissal is well-documented and widespread. But in ankylosing spondylitis, it's uniquely ingrained. "When people were in medical school — even when I was in medical school — it was taught that this one specific disorder, it really happens in this particular patient population," said rheumatologist Alexis Ogdie, director of the University of Pennsylvania's spondyloarthritis program. She got her M.D. in 2006. What was the snapshot her professors gave? "A white young man's disease."
AS sits in a kind of thorny tangle, where biological mystery, gender discrimination, sex differences, racism, and genetics meet. It's hardly the only "white disease" (a label pasted onto both cystic fibrosis and multiple sclerosis). Nor is it the only one where women run a greater risk of being misdiagnosed (look no farther than the humble heart attack). It probably isn't alone in having the dubious distinction of being both: These forces, after all, lurk in seemingly every corner of medicine. What sets AS apart is the way patients have begun naming the misogyny and the misuse of race that's shaped their illness, untangling how it came to be. Even as science shifts, they've seen, old clinical habits of mind remain, which can in turn affect the science.
Classically, it was known as a disease of inflammation and excessive bone growth in the spine. Now, it's understood to be part of a spectrum, one form of spondyloarthritis among many, symptoms sometimes overlapping, gut issues coinciding with knee issues, heel pain presaged by psoriatic rashes. When rheumatologists were demarcating AS, though, they created strict borders, a disease defined by how it looked in men. Its prevalence was also reported to vary. Rarer in Japanese people than in Chinese, the literature said; more common among Northern Europeans and certain Native American groups, very rare in those of sub-Saharan African descent. Unsurprisingly, the categories are often translated into race.
But race is an unreliable proxy for the complex interplay of genetic probabilities that might lie in someone's family's past. Take Dawn Gibson, a health writer and patient advocate living with AS outside Detroit. "I am what's called part of the Loving Generation. My mother is white, my father is Black. They were allowed to marry because of the Supreme Court decision Loving v. Virginia," she said. Her father's genome likely bore traces of white rape during slavery. She identifies as Black, and American society reads her as such. As she put it, "If you see me walking down the street, you would never know how much European ancestry I have."
"He told me that he wasn't going to look at anything any further than any of the other doctors, that there's no way that anything else could be wrong with me."
Minionette Wilson, AS patient and administrative assistant at Duke University School of Medicine
Gibson sees it as a self-replicating hypothesis: AS is deemed rare in Black women, so doctors give it little weight as a possible diagnosis. It's hard to include in research what hasn't been diagnosed. The very fact of having to drag from doctor to doctor only makes the next one more suspicious. Minionette Wilson, of Graham, N.C., remembers one rheumatologist who said so explicitly. "He told me that he wasn't going to look at anything any further than any of the other doctors, that there's no way that anything else could be wrong with me. And he got up and walked out of the room," she recalled. "I just felt so crushed."
Even in online patient groups, where you might share frustration, warn others away from certain clinicians — where researchers often go looking for participants — these women found their experiences questioned. When she'd started out as a health activist, around 2011, Gibson had wanted to get involved in the AS community. She soon backed off, to the more welcoming terrain of chronic pain and invisible disability. "It didn't feel safe for me," she said. "The hostility from a lot of the other patients — this eagerness to have a white illness — was just so strong."
It's gotten better, and she's gone back. Still, she was surprised in 2017 when a special education teacher in Columbus messaged her: She was starting an online group for Black women with AS — a one-stop shop, Taylor-Gentry liked to say, for researchers in search of volunteers. Maybe as a bloc, they could sway the narrative about their disease.
Dawn Gibson, a health writer and patient advocate living with AS, in her home in Royal Oak, Mich. Sylvia Jarrus for STAT
Initially, it was a story written in bone. Anatomists found skeletons in the church yard or the charnel house showing calcified bridges between vertebrae. A 19th-century neurologist wrote of a back "made rigid as a stick"; a 1930s clinician coined the term "bamboo spine." Some have seen hints of it in natural history museums and Renaissance church crypts, in Egyptian mummies and members of the Medici family. One perhaps overzealous physician posthumously diagnosed a Cuban crocodile, a Canary Island monk seal, and a prehistoric German cave bear.
With more fine-grained tools for charting DNA, there emerged a fuzzy picture of what might be going on. The disease was found to be associated with a variant known as HLA-B27, in a gene that helps your immune system distinguish other from self. It provides the instructions for a molecule with a notch or groove — a kind of microscopic snag for the protein bits from bacteria and viruses. Once a foreign fragment is caught, it's dragged to the surface of the cell, signaling for immune backup, sometimes marking the cell for culling, like a pink X spray-painted on a diseased tree.
AS seems to arise from a mistake in what gets snagged, the body reading some of its own protein bits as pathogens — specifically, those shed by the elastic cartilage where bone and stretchy tissue meet. It could be a case of molecular mimicry, attackers evolving ornaments that make them look like shards of ourselves. More often, experts hypothesize a misfolded protein, making the cell's surface look abnormal and attracting the ire of the immune system. Either way, the result is inflammation that erodes cartilage, and sometimes bone.
The missteps don't necessarily stop there, though. As Walter Maksymowych, a University of Alberta rheumatologist explained, things can go awry with the construction crew responsible for the gradual regrowth of bone. "It's over-exuberant," he said. That was a hallmark of severe AS: Bony spurs and bridges, ghostly white on an X-ray where there should have been the gray of softer tissue. Only over the last two decades, with the subtlety of MRI, did rheumatologists realize how many spondyloarthritis patients they'd been missing. The scans measured water in the body, revealing painful inflammation in joints where there hadn't yet been visible changes in the bone.
"When we were only looking at X-rays, there was a time when we thought the male-to-female ratio was 9 to 1. We now know it's 1 to 1," said Maureen Dubreuil, a Boston University rheumatologist. Why the presentations differ isn't clear: some murky entanglement of hormones present and genes expressed and environmental factors. What is clear is that these patterns overlap with social ones — namely, women's experiences being disbelieved. Back pain's a common complaint, with many possible triggers. MRIs are costly and often inaccessible. Orthopedists or chiropractors might not have auto-inflammatory diseases in mind, or might not associate them with patients who look a certain way. "It leads to women having undiagnosed back pain for decades, if not their entire lives," Dubreuil said.
Part of a doctor's job is to make disease visible, to see an explanatory narrative in the impressionistic one a patient gives. Genes have come to play a role in that, too. Variants in over a hundred of them are associated with spondyloarthritis, but HLA-B27 is the most highly correlated, the most well-studied, the one doctors test for. It provides a clue, not a surefire diagnosis. Most patients do have the variant, but you can be HLA-B27 positive and not have the disease, just as you can have the disease and be negative for HLA-B27. In some physicians' minds, though, the variant and the disease have become synonymous, erasing the subtleties: You don't "have the gene," so it's got to be something else. A smaller proportion of affected Black patients are thought to be positive — another potential hurdle in getting diagnosed.
Those genetics studies also revealed something else. The link with HLA-B27 first emerged in April 1973, in two papers published just weeks apart. The illness was already described as unusual in Black patients — and rarity became an excuse for exclusion. One study, from London, was looking at "undoubted, classical" AS: Along with anyone who had gut or skin issues, the researchers wrote, "Non-Caucasians were excluded." The other came from Los Angeles. It mentioned testing Black patients, but their results were reported "in addition to this Caucasian series" and not part of the statistical analysis — an afterthought. Even into the '90s, some research elucidating this sort of association was explicitly limited to white participants. The assumption of separateness was embedded in the design.
A scan of the lumbosacral junction in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. Wellcome
Taylor-Gentry had grown up caught between worlds. There was the world of Lanier, where she wished she weren't Black, where she wished she could be like everyone else, the girls arriving with their hair down and still wet. Then there was the world of her grandmother's house, a hub for the local chapter of the country's oldest Black sorority, where impossibly regal ladies gathered to plan voter registration drives, where she learned to make Parker House rolls, indenting them with a butter knife, gently folding the dough to achieve the right airiness.
Her grandfather had survived the Tulsa Race Massacre. He never talked about it. She only found out when she learned about it in school, and asked her grandmother, who said that her granddad had just escaped it. It was 1921, and he was 10. Aided by the authorities, a white mob tore through Greenwood, murdering hundreds, leaving thousands homeless. Before, it was a prosperous neighborhood, "the Black Wall Street." After, little was left but rubble and smoke. Taylor-Gentry's grandfather had been scooped up by a couple as they were fleeing, and brought to the convention center, which had turned into a kind of displaced persons' camp.
By the time Taylor-Gentry arrived in school, the city's desegregation plan was less than a decade old. "They weren't dragging their heels, they were dragging their whole feet," said community advocate Julius Pegues, of school officials. When a federal judge ordered them to make a plan, their response was to close Carver, a Black middle school. To Pegues, that was an affront, an attempt at erasure: "We knew, and we still know, that when you close schools, communities die." He and other parents spent three weeks cleaning a donated church building to create Carver Freedom School. They raised money to hire a certified principal; they paid teachers the same wages as Tulsa Public Schools. By the next semester, the Tulsa school board had a new plan that involved reopening Carver.
Her cousins in Kansas City mocked her side of the family for not being Black enough. One, Melissa Vaughns-Guein, remembers Taylor-Gentry's father moving to a suburb that was "the whitest of the white" — "I can't jog in the neighborhood where my uncle lives," she said. That sort of comment didn't faze him. He worked for IBM. He's always been unflappable.
Smoke billows over Tulsa, Okla. in this 1921 of photograph taken during the Tulsa Race Massacre. Hundreds of people in a prosperous Black business district were killed. Alvin C. Krupnick Co./Library of Congress via AP
But he didn't want Taylor-Gentry to go to a historically Black college or university. Her sister had picked out Langston, where their maternal great-grandfather had taught tailoring, where her maternal grandmother had studied, and he knew better than to object to that. In the other twin, he saw his chance. He told her she'd be better off at a PWI — a primarily white institution — and chose one for her, needled her until she was convinced. "Because in that era, for my parents, white was better," she said. "My dad did not feel that people were going to look at my degree as a substantial degree because it was a from a Black university."
She did poorly. She felt like she was adrift. When an ad for an HBCU in Ohio popped up on TV, it caught her eye. She had an aunt in Columbus, and with her help, she arranged for a clandestine transfer to Central State. "I didn't tell my father. I told him I was going to go spend the summer with my Aunt Angie and work," she said. She moved all her stuff there. She fully enrolled. Then she let her father know. "My dad was like, 'Naw, just come on back.'"
She stayed. She'd been scared, beforehand. Her cousins had made fun of her for talking so white. She worried that even there, she'd be out of place. Once she met her roommate, though, the anxiety slipped away. It felt right. "I didn't want to be the minority anymore," she said. "I wanted to be the majority."
One Tuesday in May 2017, Taylor-Gentry posted a message in one of the larger ankylosing spondylitis support groups on Facebook. She'd roamed from group to group herself, looking for one that would feel comfortable, from online AS forums to those for rheumatological diseases more generally, even one for a disease she didn't have but with similar symptoms. Now that she was starting a new one, she figured that there might be others like her on the sidelines of all these places, who'd been told their case was unique.
"My name is Christi and I have a support group for Black women who have AS," she wrote. The purpose, she went on, was "to have a place to gather and hopefully gain the medical community's attention to have our specific needs met."
Many were supportive. The group's administrators applauded the idea. But the first comment to pop up was an illustration of why she wanted to start a new group in the first place. It accused Taylor-Gentry of being "really a little racist." Another patient reacted to her message with a thumbs-down. "So much for supporting each other … dividing each of us is definitely not a good idea …" the person wrote. Another patient commented, "I thought we are all kindred people, trying to support each other … no matter what color we are. Very disappointed" — and added a sad-face emoji. The first commenter returned to say that if she'd founded a white-only group, there would be an uproar.
It's a common kind of backlash: White people accusing those who identify systemic racism as themselves being racist and sowing division. It's often used to paper over real injustices at play. Labeling equity efforts as attacks is a way — unconsciously or not — of maintaining the status quo.
At its heart was an ignorance of the long tendrils of history, how those loops and coils wind through the everyday. Again and again in her responses, Taylor-Gentry explained that her motivation was not one of superiority or exclusion. Her group was not anti-anyone. Rather, it was trying to make visible those whose experiences had gone unseen or been erased.
She and others also wondered whether the disease might manifest differently in some Black patients than it did in many of their white counterparts — a question the group might help answer. It had been raised in the scientific literature, too. One 2017 study found that in just about every analysis — measures of inflammation, tests showing how well you could move through daily activities — the Black patients had, on average, more severe illness. A similar finding was published by a different team in 2020.
"The longer we wait to diagnose people, the harder it is to treat them."
Lianne Gensler, rheumatologist at UCSF
While the authors of the second study thought there was some sort of largely genetic effect being picked up, other rheumatologists wrote a letter to the journal, suggesting a different hypothesis: "It is possible that a higher proportion of African American patients with less severe disease failed to be diagnosed with AS compared to whites."
It could also be that the years spent searching for a diagnosis allowed inflammation to wreak havoc unchecked. As Lianne Gensler, a University of California, San Francisco rheumatologist, and an author of the 2017 paper, explained, "The longer we wait to diagnose people, the harder it is to treat them."
More recent research has hinted that access to care is one possible explanation for the gap in disease severity. "We know the prevalence is lower in patients who are Black, but also in patients who are Medicaid enrollees," said Ogdie, the University of Pennsylvania rheumatologist, who published a paper analyzing race and insurance coverage in spondyloarthritis earlier this year.
Her study couldn't specifically pick up underdiagnosis — it's hard to search a database for an absence — but the numbers seemed to suggest it might be lurking there. If being poor enough to qualify for Medicaid meant you were less likely to have a disease, chances are that had less to do with whether the signs were in your body, and more to do with how hard the medical world made it for you to enter and navigate. In 2019, 15% of white non-elderly Americans were on Medicaid, while 33% of Black Americans were.
The question involves all sorts of variables that need untangling. Researchers running spondyloarthritis clinical trials say it's even harder to recruit Black volunteers than in other areas because they make up such a small sliver of the patient population. With greater numbers comes more reliable findings. As Paras Karmacharya, a Vanderbilt University rheumatologist, wrote in an email, "we still do have a relative paucity of data for racial/ethnic groups in spondyloarthritis in general."
Taylor-Gentry's group now has around 240 members, and 30 new ones waiting to be vetted and let in — not huge, but well beyond the 20 Black women with AS her rheumatologist had told her there were in the U.S. So far, no scientists have reached out. But patient activists for other diseases have shown that the idea can work as a way of bridging the gaps between underrepresented patients and researchers.
Taylor-Gentry stands in the classroom where she teaches special education in Dallas. JerSean Golatt for STAT
For Teresa Akintonwa, it worked perhaps too well. She'd founded Black Covid-19 Survivors on Facebook, a place where they could discuss the long Covid symptoms that their doctors and employers weren't taking seriously. It grew to 1,600 members — and Akintonwa's inbox filled with requests from doctors and neuroscientists and anthropologists. At first, she allowed a number of them to join the group, to recruit for their research. She wanted to empower members, to help inform the scientific community about what they were going through and spur research that might result in treatments. "But it began to feel like people were just kind of coming to take, take, take," she said.
She wishes that more of them had been explicit about their goals from the get-go, and had returned to the group to share results. "In a way, I became offended," she went on, "because we were right back to where we were at the beginning, where the health care — or your research — is not really about us. This is about you trying to check off things on your agenda to say that you did it."
Some in the ankylosing spondylitis group feel a similar sort of disenchantment. But that doesn't mean they don't see research as a way to get medicine to take their pain more seriously.
Tolliver, whose diagnosis took 30 years, sits on paid patient advisory boards for two pharmaceutical companies, but she has no illusions about the economics at play. To her, if the biomedical world is creeping toward the inclusion of Black women with ankylosing spondylitis, it's at least partially because they represent an untapped market. "We wouldn't even be having this conversation if the pharmaceutical companies hadn't come up with these biologics 20 years ago," she said. She sees them advertised everywhere: On swag in doctors' offices, during commercial breaks, online. Her family and friends keep calling to say, "I saw your medicine on TV!" A number of those immune-suppressing drugs have a list price over $71,000 a year.
"There's so much money in this treatment. So there's a huge incentive," she said. As she sees it, her presence in those company focus group meetings is linked to that. "Not because they love Black people, or women, or really want to help us. They're in business to make money. It's called Big Pharma for a reason. And I'm not mad at it. Because, you know, I wouldn't be able to live my life the way I live it without it."
Wilson, who'd had a rheumatologist walk out on her after seeing her file, works as an administrative assistant at Duke's medical school, and makes a point of speaking to the students. To her, that's where the problem starts. "There are a lot of copays wasted because a doctor won't look beyond what they were taught," she said, adding, "I just don't believe that a patient should be dismissed as drug seeking or invalid, just because they don't have the right race or sex."
Taylor-Gentry tried going back to Tulsa. She tried teaching in the public schools where she'd grown up, but it didn't feel right. She loved showing kids how to draw a lattice-like grid in which to calculate double-digit multiplication, breaking down the problem into smaller, more visual steps. She loved nudging them toward a steadier rhythm in their reading. But arriving in Tulsa, she felt like her approach and the school's didn't gel.
She lives and works in Dallas now. She sometimes wishes she spent her whole week in a dedicated space, as she had in Columbus, a resource room for the kids with individualized education programs, rather than crouching by desks in the general classroom, helping them untangle the work they've been assigned. About once or twice a week, though, she'll pull a few students out and break concepts down, step by step, how to understand what volume is, how to calculate the volume of a cylinder or a cone.
The ankylosing spondylitis group happens in her off-hours, whenever she has time. Sometimes, it's quiet. There are moments when it feels as if they've examined so many instances of medical racism — turned each one around and inside out, compared notes, strung them together to depict the general sweep — that they've exhausted the topic. But then a new person joins, or someone has a bad flare-up, or a peculiar symptom, or an offensive interaction with a doctor, and makes a post. There's a flurry of comments and emojis and likes, a kind of online answer to a medical chart full of physician skepticism: "patient complains of," "patient claims that," professionalized phrases that make a bodily sensation sound like it isn't real. There are no dismissals of pain, no accusations of hypochondria.
Not all posts are about ankylosing spondylitis. When someone was navigating a tricky relationship with her stepson, there was a swirl of parenting advice. When Taylor-Gentry wrote about her twin sister's passing from Covid-19, there was an outpouring of shared grief.
Even when there isn't much activity, when everyone's busy, its mere existence is a comfort, as if it were a familiar place you can return to and feel at ease in, somewhere that is unquestionably yours.
jQuery( window ).on( 'load', function() { if ( !window.bgmpGdpr || window.bgmpGdpr.isOptedOut() ) { return; }
!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');
fbq( 'init', '436331036555416' ); fbq( 'track', 'PageView' );
if ( 'object' === typeof mc4wp && mc4wp.forms ) { mc4wp.forms.on( 'subscribed', function() { // Successful MC4WP newsletter signup AJAX form submission. statFbq( 'Lead' ); } ); } } );
Tags: Black Disease erased mans medicine white Women
Previous New platform for childhood cancer medicines counters 'unacceptable imbalance' in survival rates |
Next Early Remdesivir to Prevent Progression to Severe Covid-19 in Outpatients
Healthy fitness


California's Silicon Valley may be a high-tech mecca, but information age wizards looking for a pot of gold may be better off heading to Seattle, which is known as the Emerald City.by Scott Hillis, Reuters19 May 2000 - Home to digital age powerhouses such as software giant Microsoft Corp.
California's Silicon Valley may be a high-tech mecca, but information age wizards looking for a pot of gold may be better off heading to Seattle, which is known as the Emerald City.
19 May 2000 - Home to digital age powerhouses such as software giant Microsoft Corp., Washington state has the best-paid high-technology workers in the country, according to an industry group survey released on Wednesday.
Boosted by lucrative software jobs and a bullish stock market, high-tech workers in Washington earned an average of US$105,000 in 1998, the last year for which there was comprehensive data, the American Electronics Association said in a nationwide survey of the sector.
That was far more than workers in other states, with those in No. 2 New Jersey earning a much-lower average of US$68,700 a year, said Terry Byington, a spokeswoman for the AEA office in Redmond, Wash.
California, home to the Silicon Valley area that boasts hometown computing heroes like Hewlett-Packard Co. (NYSE: HWP) and is considered ground-zero for the computer revolution, placed third at US$66,900, Byington said.
Rounding out the Top 5 were Virginia at US$66,000 and Connecticut at US$65,400.
Washington led the nation "in good part because we have a strong concentration of software jobs here, and software jobs pay in Washington an average of US$200,000 a year," Byington said.
High-tech income was considerably better than the state's average private sector wage of US$32,914, the survey said.
Washington has led the nation in high-tech income for three years in a row, Byington said.
The 1998 wage doubled from six years earlier as the number of workers in the sector climbed by 52 percent, to 106,100. The sector also accounted for US$1.8 billion, or 5 percent, of the state's US$36.7 billion in exports in 1999, the survey said.
Other high-tech companies in Washington include Internet media software firm RealNetworks Inc., online retail giant Amazon.com Inc. , Internet portal and services company Go2Net Inc. and the U.S. headquarters of Japanese video company Nintendo Co. Ltd.
Most of those are concentrated in and around Seattle, known as the "Emerald City" for its abundant green forests and mountains that have also helped growing companies attract droves of new workers.
The survey also included income from exercising stock options, Byington said.
Such stock packages have brought many technology workers tremendous wealth. For example, previous studies have estimated that the booming stock market has turned up to one-third of Microsoft's 33,000 employees into millionaires.
Apart from software, other high-tech businesses covered in the survey included telecommunication services and equipment, medical electronics, computers, semiconductors and others, Byington said.


Deliberations in Lima towards a new global agreement on climate change under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) led to the "Lima Call for Climate Action".The main decision text, which was agreed in the early hours of Sunday 14 December, contained two parts: the definition of how Parties' pledges or Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) are to be made and draft text for the scheduled new global agreement at the 21st Conference of the Parties in Paris, 2015 (COP 21).
Lack of content uniformity among countries' pledges will make the job of comparing pledges that much harder, and was something intended to be resolved in Lima. It appears the reason for this is the differentiation between developed and developing countries, which re-emerged at this negotiating session. In short, the 1992 Convention draws clear boundaries between developed and developing countries, and places almost all emphasis for action on the former. With the rapid rise of some emerging economies, the old dividing lines appear no longer fit for purpose.
The many unresolved technical decisions leave a number of political questions outstanding, and much work for the year running up to COP 21. This will place additional burden on a process already renowned for its glacial progress and entrenched positions, and with the spectre of the failed Copenhagen agreement still fresh in people's minds.
IPIECA was present in Lima in its role as an observer, and also held a well-attended side-event on Unburnable Carbon in the context of the future energy system, which explored some of the concepts around the carbon bubble and stranded assets, as well as the role of mitigation technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Speakers from IPIECA, the IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme, and Global CCS Institute gave their views, along with Chevron and Eni.


Services for all types of bridal makeup,party makeup, reception etc as per requirements.
Mac Kryolan-bridal makeup-start 12k, Party makeup-5 to 6k.
Sudipa z Bridal Makeup is a new generation makeup artist who creates everything from cutting edge bridal makeup styles to contemporary fresh and flawless looks.


ST_Length currently only supports computations in Cartesian spatial reference systems (SRSs). This WL extends ST_Length to detect that its parameter is in a geographic (ellipsoidal) SRS and to compute the length on the ellipsoid.
Projected SRSs and SRID 0 will still return the same result as before. If the SRID refers to a geographic SRS, the result will be different.
ST_Length MUST return NULL if its argument is NULL.
If the argument is not a syntactically well-formed geometry, ST_Length MUST raise ER_GIS_INVALID_DATA during function evaluation.
ST_Length MUST return NULL if its argument is a geometry that is not a linestring or a multilinestring.
ST_Length MUST NOT return NULL if the parameter is a linestring or a multilinestring.
If the argument is in an undefined SRS, ST_Length MUST raise ER_SRS_NOT_FOUND during function evaluation.
If the argument is geometrically invalid, ST_Length MUST either return a length result or raise an error. If a length is returned, the value is undefined, i.e., it may be any number.
If the argument is a valid linestring in a Cartesian SRS, ST_Length MUST return the Cartesian length of the linestring.
If the argument is a valid multilinestring in a Cartesian SRS, ST_Length MUST return the sum of the Cartesian length of the linestrings.
If the argument is a valid linestring in a geographic SRS, ST_Length MUST return the geodetic length of the linestring in that SRS. The result MUST be in meters.
If the argument is a valid multilinestring in a geographic SRS, ST_Length MUST return the sum of the geodetic length of the linestrings in that SRS. The result MUST be in meters.
If a length computation results in +Inf, ST_Length MUST raise ER_DATA_OUT_OF_RANGE during function evaluation.
The semantics of interface SQL01 are changed: If the linestring is in a geographic SRS, ST_Length will return the geodetic length of the the linestring, or raise an error if the coordinates are out of bounds. Other calculations will remain as they are today.
No new errors or warnings.
See WL#9347 for an example of how to implement geography support. Follow the same pattern.
Rename the item from Item_func_glength to Item_func_st_length.
Make sure resolve_type() sets maybe_null correctly.
Re-implement val_real() based on the pattern from Item_func_distance::val_real().


Casino consultant, simply put, is someone who has expertise in modern casino, its operations and its impact to the local community. A GOOD casino consultant generally hand out an opinion or even advice regarding the effect the gambling establishment can make on the area issue based on some proven principles, techniques as well as strategies.
A casino consultant feasibility review should consider the location, target market or niche, competitors or perhaps other businesses which may indirectly compete with the casino such as restaurants, hotels, spas as well as other amusement establishments. One more thing that needs to be thought of is the volume of work opportunities which are directly as well as indirectly generated because of the gambling house. And find out how these types of jobs could impact other jobs in the region for example restaurant jobs, hotel jobs among others.
THE casino consultant ought to maintain objectivity all through. As well as consider all factors with due consideration. A casino consultant should refrain from letting his/her feelings display or get prejudice regarding matters related to the actual casino.
A casino guide needs to be involve within a wide scope of services including computer system aided design of the casino floor plans, research about the economic impact of the casino towards the area in which it is located, administration reviews and really should help develop marketing and advertising strategies for individual casinos. THE casino consultant also assists in organizing, training, reviewing, auditing and also consulting of the management associated with gaming.
Casino advisor can also be sometimes needed to put together economical forecast for hotel casinos or even regarding planned developments. A casino consultant should analyze the market to spot the casinos niche area. Feasibility studies should also be carried out upon proposed projects. Casino advisor apart from calculating the prospective work opportunities and tax earnings generated from casino ventures should also give due awareness on the casinos implications with regards to increase in housing demands as well as in criminal offenses.
Modern casino advisor should also consider costs to the state as a result of the need to alleviate issues that are directly or even indirectly brought about by the casino. These problems a casino consultant must look into include traffic congestion, addiction on gambling as well as emergency services.
A casino advisor would need to defend his or her findings to the panel assigned for gambling specifically and the whole community in general. A casino consultant should produce the necessary written as well as oral report according to their findings and research. A casino consultant has to be thorough and also precise in her or his projections or evaluation. THE casino consultant must assist the findings with certain facts as well as statistics which could illustrate the actual relevance of the research made. He or she could not leave anything at all to chance. Every information she or he created should be backed by facts and figures.


text:
Ensleigh's Glamorous Show Home Has Launched
Linden Homes has launched its flagship Ensleigh development in Bath and unveiled a spectacular new show home.
The stylish four bedroom townhouse has been dressed in classic whites and ivorys with textured wallpapers and crisp white linen. The simple colour palette is juxtaposed with dark ebony furniture and a strong use of metallics, creating a striking and glamorous look.
Rob Burton from Dapa Interiors said: "The show home at Ensleigh is very dramatic, however there are lots of different textures and materials so it's also inviting and homely. It's a grown up space that's light and airy and I'm thrilled with the finished result as it certainly has the wow factor."
The detached Fratelli show house features an amazing open plan kitchen/dining area and family room with bi-fold doors out to the garden, perfect for entertaining. Upstairs there is a separate living room, a study and a stunning en-suite bedroom. On the second floor there is a sumptuous master bedroom with an en-suite shower room, a family bathroom and an additional two bedrooms.
Sue Scholfield, sales and marketing director for Linden Homes, said: "I just love Ensleigh, it really is a beautiful development and there are some absolutely gorgeous views over the rolling countryside. It definitely boasts the best of both worlds, situated near the city but with the countryside close by.
"The new show home is wonderful, not only have we welcomed a large number of visitors but we've already reserved a third of the homes released for sale. Ensleigh is a very special development but it's apparent that it hasn't gone unnoticed!"
Set in an elevated position in Lansdown, Ensleigh is an exclusive development of new three, four and five bedroom executive homes, just minutes from Bath's city centre. The properties are being built to the high standards Linden Homes is renowned for.
The marketing suite and show home are open daily from 10am to 5pm, off Granville Road, Lansdown, Bath, BA1 5AB. Call 0843 783 4298.


text:
Pleas possible in murder of trans woman
Jeremy Rodriguez
The District Attorney's Office earlier this month offered plea agreements to two people charged with the murder of a local transgender woman.
Details about the plea agreements extended to Tiffany Floyd and Jose Pena were not available as of presstime. The two are charged with the February murder of Maya Young.
According to court dockets, Floyd is listed to enter a possible guilty plea while Pena's defense provided a counter-offer to the D.A.'s proposal.
Pena's docket stated, "The Commonwealth is considering the defense counter offer" but he is also listed for a possible guilty plea or trial scheduling.
Cameron Kline, spokesperson for the D.A.'s Office, declined to comment about the plea deals due to the case being active. Floyd's and Pena's attorneys did not respond to requests for comment.
Hearings for Pena and Floyd will be held in courtroom 1105 of the Criminal Justice Center, 1301 Filbert St., at 9 a.m. Jan. 26 and Feb. 9, respectively.
On Feb. 20, police responded to a "stabbing on the highway" near 4900 Griscom St. in Frankford and found Young suffering from stab wounds to the neck and chest. Officials pronounced her dead at 12:21 a.m. Feb. 21 at Aria Health Frankford.
Police arrested Floyd and Pena later that month.
On June 7, they appeared in court separately to hear evidence against them. According to Pena's statement, Floyd told him of an ongoing fight between her and Young over a man and that Floyd asked for his help in killing Young. He said both defendants met Young at a park in Frankford where Floyd and Young smoked crack. Pena said Floyd stabbed Young and after the victim fled, Floyd asked Pena to "finish" Young or she would have him killed.
"It was my life or hers," Pena said in the statement.
Meanwhile, Floyd contended she did not plan to kill Young and that Pena followed the victim on his own after the initial stabbing.
Floyd is currently in custody at Riverside Correctional Facility while Pena is in Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility.


text:
Q: java null pointer exception at at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(SQLiteOpenHelper.java:188) public  String getValue()
    {

        SQLiteDatabase db=getReadableDatabase();
        String sql = String.format("SELECT %sFROM %s ", NUMBER_PASSWD,PASSWORD_TABLE);
        db.close();
        Log.d(MainActivity.DEBUG_TAG,"Sending Value");
        return sql;

    }

I am having a problem with this part of the code where I am trying to check the values in the database and retrieve it

A: Your_sqliteadminClass admin = new Your_sqliteadminClass(this, name_db, null,
            version_db);
 SQLiteDatabase db=admin.getReadableDatabase();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Under you found the prediction processed by our proprietary software and reviewed manually by our editors of the football match Barwell-Bedworth United, match of the championship England Southern League Central Division. Even stats, standings, news and information on the football league England Southern League Central Division and on teams Barwell and Bedworth United.The prediction 1x2 or under/over or goal/nogoal, with odds of bookmakers comes complete with the correct score. With this, we always try to provide gratis all the tools you need to bet responsibly and we hope winning!


It's been a while we heard from Timi Dakolo and now that he is out of his musical vacation, he has blessed us with another love tune.
Timi Dakolo has released a new highlife tune titled "I Never Know Say" produced by the talented Cobhams Asuquo and this one is dedicated to his wife and and the mother of The Yard People, Busola Dakolo.
She is also featured on the cover art for the new single.


Kwid Car Types hd wallpaper. Save Image. Kwid car types hd wallpapers. Save Image. Kwid car types. Kwid Car Types with good ground clearance. The Renault KWID comes with a host of thoughtful features.
Renault kwid autocar india 2017. gallerymariko.com-2017 renault kwid long term review, final report. 2017 Renault Kwid long term review, final report 29 th Aug 2018 9:00 am. The Kwid leaves our fleet after serving us well for 18 months.
Craigecollinsart.com. Renault Kwid Std is one of our best images of interior design living room furniture and its resolution is [resolution] pixels. Find out our other images similar to this Renault Kwid Std at gallery below.


What would you do if you meet a boy who looks quite wild? He looks dirty, messy and on top of all, He can't speak! This movie is all about it. A family finds a rather young, but wild looking boy and has to take him in seeing the circumstances. What they discover next is quite the thrill!
Kim Sun Yi is sick and moves to the country side with her family due to her condition. As they move in they find a feral boy. She and her family take him in and soon Sun Yi notices this isn't a normal boy. As she and her family take care of him and call him Chul Soo, assuming that he is one of the many children that got orphaned during the Korean war. Sun Yi trains him with help of a book she found in between their belongings. It is a dog-train book. The process goes slow but doesn't stop her. One day they go to the local market, there the boy saves Sun Yi and her little sister from a falling iron bar. Chul soo wasn't hurt a bit. From there on they found out he wasn't your average feral boy (if it is average in the first place). Will the neighbors accept it? Will Sun Yi and Chul Soo be able to stick together?
This was definitely a good movie. I am a big fantasy lover, so the name immediately caught me. The start was very interesting. You see how they get to live at the place where the movie is set, they barely settled down when they found the boy. The story continues as you see the struggles the family has as it lives with a "dog like" boy. As the girl figures out how to train the werewolf boy, you slowly see they start liking each other more. The girl eventually overcomes some of her fears. The way they found out this wasn't an average boy was quite intimidating yet it had me totally caught in the moment. At the point where the bad guy tries to turn the whole village against them, the story turns more dark and you will get filled with certain emotions. Even though some emotions have been a little to exaggerated (in my opinion) the story holds a lot of points of interest and it definitely kept me watching keenly until the end of the movie.
I understand why this is an award-winning movie. Me myself also had to dry some tears halfway. The way you bond with the characters in this movie is rather good and you will feel yourself getting sucked into the story! Definitely a must watch.


text:
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}
-- | Screen frames and animations.
module Game.LambdaHack.Common.ClientOptions
  ( DebugModeCli(..), defDebugModeCli
  ) where

import Data.Binary
import GHC.Generics (Generic)

data DebugModeCli = DebugModeCli
  { sfont           :: !(Maybe String)
      -- ^ Font to use for the main game window.
  , scolorIsBold    :: !(Maybe Bool)
      -- ^ Whether to use bold attribute for colorful characters.
  , smaxFps         :: !(Maybe Int)
      -- ^ Maximal frames per second.
      -- This is better low and fixed, to avoid jerkiness and delays
      -- that tell the player there are many intelligent enemies on the level.
      -- That's better than scaling AI sofistication down based
      -- on the FPS setting and machine speed.
  , snoDelay        :: !Bool
      -- ^ Don't maintain any requested delays between frames,
      -- e.g., for screensaver.
  , sdisableAutoYes :: !Bool
      -- ^ Never auto-answer all prompts, even if under AI control.
  , snoAnim         :: !(Maybe Bool)
      -- ^ Don't show any animations.
  , snewGameCli     :: !Bool
      -- ^ Start a new game, overwriting the save file.
  , sbenchmark      :: !Bool
      -- ^ Don't create directories and files and show time stats.
  , ssavePrefixCli  :: !(Maybe String)
      -- ^ Prefix of the save game file.
  , sfrontendStd    :: !Bool
      -- ^ Whether to use the stdout/stdin frontend for all clients.
  , sfrontendNull   :: !Bool
      -- ^ Whether to use void (no input/output) frontend for all clients.
  , sdbgMsgCli      :: !Bool
      -- ^ Show clients' internal debug messages.
  }
  deriving (Show, Eq, Generic)

instance Binary DebugModeCli

defDebugModeCli :: DebugModeCli
defDebugModeCli = DebugModeCli
  { sfont = Nothing
  , scolorIsBold = Nothing
  , smaxFps = Nothing
  , snoDelay = False
  , sdisableAutoYes = False
  , snoAnim = Nothing
  , snewGameCli = False
  , sbenchmark = False
  , ssavePrefixCli = Nothing
  , sfrontendStd = False
  , sfrontendNull = False
  , sdbgMsgCli = False
  }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Proudly positioned on Stinger Road, this fantastic land parcel is registered and it is ready to be built on, primly located amongst the rapidly growing suburb of North Kellyville. Surrounded by quality infrastructure your ideal home can be built within walking distance to planned sporting fields, cycle ways and nature tracks well as the newly opened shopping centre North Kellyville Square and an array of reputable schools.
Totalling 370sqm with a generous frontage, this level land parcel offers a bright northerly aspect off the rear section of the block. Allowing the freedom to create your dream home, a good property design will enjoy ample natural light off the living areas.


text:
Charles Ruff Biography
Charles Ruff
Charles Frederick Carson Ruff
Born: 8/1/1939
Birthplace: Cleveland, Ohio
influential Washington lawyer who defended President Clinton during his impeachment trial in 1999. He served as special prosecutor who investigated President Nixon during the Watergate scandal and defended Anita Hill during Clarence Thomas's Supreme Court confirmation hearings.
Died: Washington, D.C., 11/19/2000
Charles Ruff 2000 Deaths


A Regulated Trapping Season for River Otter: When, Where and Why?
A conversation about river otters and their management in Indiana isn't usually a short one.
Depending on the day, most discussions eventually migrate to a number of subtopics focused on variations of the following questions: All of our neighboring states have a trapping season for otter, why doesn't Indiana? Is it too soon to have a regulated otter trapping season; didn't we just reintroduce them? If we do have a season, what is the best management approach?
All areas of conversation are guaranteed to have passion and debate. The fact these questions come up in conversation is important.
River otters have an interesting history in the Midwest and Indiana. A portion of their story is captured in "A Recipe for Success: Reintroduction of River Otter in Indiana," also printed in this special issue of the Woodland Steward.
The bottom line from that article is a lot of time and energy were spent to reintroduce river otter back to Indiana, and the efforts have paid off. River otters are doing well and can be found throughout most of their historic range. The story of the river otter continues in Indiana with the next chapter…active management through a regulated trapping season.
Why a trapping season? One reason is the population is doing well (Figure 1). The DNR Division of Fish & Wildlife (DFW) has established harvest seasons for many wildlife species, and these regulated seasons help maintain a balance between habitat, people, and wildlife. Seasons are managed through scientifically based regulations that are enforced by Indiana Conservation Officers to ensure species remain abundant.
In addition, even though techniques to avoid trapping river otter are actively being used by trappers, more than 100 river otters are incidentally killed each year during legal trapping seasons for other furbearer species. These otter are turned over to the DFW, used for research, and pelts are provided for educational purposes, but the sheer number being turned in is much higher than requests coming in from educators. Allowing these pelts to be retained by trappers reduces chances the resource will be wasted. Plus, the carcasses will still be collected by the DFW to gather valuable biological data.
All of our neighboring states have established otter populations as well as regulated otter trapping seasons. Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and West Virginia all reintroduced river otter in the 1980s and 1990s. Their reintroductions were followed by regulated trapping seasons – the best tool to manage otter populations. Currently, regulated trapping is used to manage river otters in at least 33 states, many of which reintroduced river otter.
Transitioning from monitoring to active management of a population isn't a short process, especially with a charismatic species like the river otter. The Indiana Natural Resources Commission (NRC) is the rulemaking body with the authority to establish a regulated trapping season. Meetings were planned, regulations and protocols were proposed, and engaged members of the public had several opportunities to review and comment. The entire NRC process takes about two years from start to finish before a season can be implemented.
So what does the otter trapping season look like after going through the rulemaking process?
The river otter season will run concurrent with the beaver trapping season (Nov. 15 to March 15 of the following year). River otter and beaver share similar habitat types. The potential to trap one while targeting the other is always a possibility.
The DFW has designated 66 counties open for otter trapping with 26 central Indiana counties closed. The counties open to harvest are in watersheds where river otters originally were relocated, have had time to establish, and where populations are doing well. The 26 closed counties are within watersheds where river otters were not reintroduced and have not become established.
There are a few additional requirements, including a two otter seasonal bag limit per trapper. The intent is to provide more equity and opportunity for all trappers interested in trapping an otter.
There also will be a state season quota of 600 otters. If this figure is reached before March 15, the season will close early and all river otters trapped after this point will need to be turned over to the state, without penalty. These conservative sideboards are in place to control harvest levels, especially during the first couple years.
There will be mandatory reporting of harvest (similar to deer and turkey). All trapped river otters will need to be registered through the online Check-IN Game program within 24 hours of harvest. Also, all otters will need to be physically registered with a designated DNR property or Conservation Officer within 15 days after the month of harvest.
Prior to physical registration, the otter will need to be skinned. A successful trapper will then bring the separated pelt and skinned carcass to a DNR property or Conservation Officer. The pelt will be sealed with a CITES tag and the carcass will be collected so DFW biologists can collect reproductive and age data from the animal. Information from the carcass helps biologists make future recommendations for the season.
What is a CITES tag? CITES stands for the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora, an international agreement that governs trade of endangered species. As a CITES participant, the United States must follow certain requirements. River otters are on Appendix II of CITES, which means they are a "look alike" species to other endangered river otter species found throughout the world.
To ensure river otters entering international markets were harvested legally in the United States, an unaltered tag must be affixed to the pelt. Each state with a river otter season has uniquely marked tags and general regulations for issuance…but long story short, an otter pelt must have a CITES tag before it can be sold.
So, the idea of having a river otter season seems straightforward, but there is a lot of coordination and record keeping.
The DNR cares deeply about river otters, as do Indiana trappers. We intend to see otters thrive in Indiana while allowing sustainable harvest in areas where they are doing well and providing them the opportunity to expand their range in central Indiana.
The DNR will closely monitor the new season and work closely with trappers to ensure responsible management and recordkeeping in order to sustain healthy river otter populations.
Shawn Rossler is the Furbearer Biologist with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish & Wildlife.


The locals call this church the Parthenon of Zante, as the roof of the church is standing on eight columns similar to the ones found at the Parthenon temple, at Acropolis.
Welcome to the Agia Marina page of Greece Vacation Search! Here you will find all the information you will need for your summer vacations on Agia Marina of Zante.


Urban and residential areas offer a unique conservation challenge. Rain water that once was able to soak into the ground in a forest or on the prairie now hits hard surfaces such as pavement, rooftops and compacted soils and runs off of the land as stormwater runoff. Stormwater runoff often flows over these hard surfaces and directly into a nearby lake, river or a nearby stormdrain. Along the way, the rain picks up pollutants such as fertilizer, sediment, pet waste, and chemicals from vehicles. These pollutants reduce the health of lakes and rivers and the plants and animals that need clean water to survive. Reduced water health can also impact lakeshore values, recreational opportunities, fishing and aesthetics. The best way to keep our waters clean is by making sure that the stormwater running into them is clean.
What can you do to reduce stormwater runoff?
Reducing impervious areas (i.e. hard surfaces such as sidewalks, roads, patios, etc….) so that rain soaks into the ground.
Planting native trees and plants. They help infiltrate stormwater and increase evapotranspiration.
Manager your own stormwater using rain gardens, rain barrels, and other similar practices.
The SWCD may be able to provide technical assistance to make recommendations for or to design a project to reduce rainwater runoff from your property. We may also have funding available to assist with the costs of installing a project.
Rain Gardens: You can do it! A rain garden is simply a garden that is placed in a shallow depression in the ground and planted with native plants that like to get their feet wet. The depression collects and allows stormwater runoff to slowly infiltrate into the soil (they mimic what rain did before humans changed the landscape). Native plants, mulch and soil in the rain garden naturally remove pollutants contained in the stormwater.
Here is a recently installed rain garden on Green Lake. Check back next summer to see how much the plants have grown!
Filter water to remove sediment and pollutants.
Allow water to soak into the ground(they mimic what rain did before humans changed the landscape).
Reduce the volume of water going into the stormwater system (otherwise, stormwater is not treated before it enters rivers, lakes and streams).
Create wildlife habitat—use recommend using ONLY plants that are native to Minnesota.
Insects, birds, and other wildlife will feed, rest, or live in the garden (think pollinators!).
Drought resistant plants will look great all summer long, even when turfgrass is dormant from lack of water.
There is no need to fertilize native plants because they are adapted t our conditions and will grow well without it.
Where there is a garden, there is not mowing!
City of Isanti Rain Garden Incentive Program: this site has City specific program information and general information about planning and planting a rain garden. https://www.cityofisanti.us/resident/rain-garden-incentive-program.
A rain barrel is any type of container that collects and stores rain water from your roof that would otherwise run off into storm drains that flow directly into nearby lakes, streams and wetlands. Rain barrels typically hold 50 to 100 gallons of water than can be used on your lawn or flower garden. Rain barrels reduce the amount of stormwater runoff by collecting roof runoff and storing the rain water for future use.
Rain barrels are placed underneath shortened downspouts; thus, they divert roof runoff into the barrel. Water collected in the rain barrel can be used to water lawns and flower gardens.
They provide an alternative to tap water for watering lawns and flower gardens.
Reduce runoff that can carry pollutants into lakes and rivers.
They will help reduce peak water demands during the summer months.