Honouring the leadership, innovation, dedication, and creativity of professional surveyors in Canada.
Each year, the community of surveyors celebrates aspects of the profession that David Thompson, one of the great trader-explorers of North America, personified: innovation, contribution to society, and applied technology. They are proud to recognize and honour individuals who have demonstrated significant accomplishments, vision, and leadership in their work.
The David Thompson National Geomatics Awards recognize excellence in three aspects that are so much a part of what survey professionals do.
Innovative Projects: Applying innovative methods and using technology creatively to solve a problem in a survey project.
Contributions to Society: Realizing a positive impact on society including important new infrastructure in developing countries, contribution to natural disaster relief, and technology transfer or capacity building in less fortunate communities.
Unusual Applications of Technology: Using survey methods and technology to solve unusual or unconventional problems, work in an unusual environment, or provide solutions under uncommon circumstances.
For information on the nominating process, click here.
Honouring the first Canadian surveyor, Samuel de Champlain, the Champlain Award recognizes the achievements of those who have performed outstanding contributions in promoting or advancing the land surveying profession.
For information on the nominating process, please contact us.
The Champlain Award was established in 1986 by the Canadian Council of Land Surveyors and is continued by Professional Surveyors Canada.


text:
Celebrity Topic
Ross Chastain
BIRTHDAY December 04,1992
BIRTHPLACE Florida
BIRTH SIGN Sagittarius
American stock car racing driver who was the 2011 World Series of Asphalt Champion.He made his NASCAR Camping World Truck Series debut at the 2011 AAA Insurance 200 at Lucas Oil Raceway.He joined Brad Keselowski's racing team in 2013.
He began racing when he was 12, competing on Florida short tracks in both late model and Fastruck Series events.
His grandfather Jim Prevatt, father Ralph, and younger brother Chad, also raced professionally.
Race Car Driver Ross Chastain were born on Friday, in a leap year, birthstone is Turquoise, the seaon was Fall in the Chinese year of Monkey, it is 325 days until Ross Chastain next birthday.
December 04 Horoscope.
Today's Florida Birthdays
Lindsey Bell
Bryan Arguez
Upcoming Race Car Driver birthdays
Austin Dillon
Interesting facts your birthday?
Year 2023 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Fun facts on December 04
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Australian dollar has bounced back above 88 US cents on positive economic news from Japan.
At 1200 AEDT on Friday, the Australian dollar was trading at 88.12 US cents, up from 87.34 cents on Thursday.
Japan's government has released figures showing a lower jobless rate and the first rise in consumer prices in five years in 2013.
In December, prices were up 1.3 per cent from 12 months earlier, edging closer to the Bank of Japan's 2.0 per cent inflation target, as Tokyo battles to reverse years of falling prices.
Arab Bank Australia treasury dealer David Scutt said the Aussie dollar rallied on the good news.
"We just had the Tokyo figures out in Japan and the Aussie dollar benefited from that," Mr Scutt said.
Mr Scutt said it was a quiet day of trade due to Chinese New Year celebrations.
At 1200 AEDT on Friday, the March 2014 10-year bond futures contract was trading at 96.040 (implying a yield of 3.960 per cent), down from 96.055 (3.945 per cent) on Thursday.
The March 2014 three-year bond futures contract was at 97.110 (2.890 per cent), down from 97.150 (2.850 per cent).


text:
require File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../spec_helper')
require 'fileutils'

describe "FEPFile" do
  context ".new" do
    it "does create an invalid object with nothing set" do
      FEPFileSpecification::FEPFile.new.valid?.should be_false
    end
  end

  context ".valid?" do
    file = FEPFileSpecification::FEPFile.new

    it "should be valid if a FileHeaderRecord and one or more TransactionDetailRecords are set" do
      fhr = FEPFileSpecification::FileHeaderRecord.new( "2283333011",
                                                        :company_discretionary_data => "ThisIsMyCompany")
      file.file_header_record = fhr

      tdr = FEPFileSpecification::TransactionDetailRecord.new(:receiver_id => 'RECEIVERID',
                                                              :routing_number => '123456789',
                                                              :account_type => 'DDA',
                                                              :account_number => '1234509876',
                                                              :effective_date => Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d'),
                                                              :credit_or_debit_flag => 'D',
                                                              :amount => '12.75',
                                                              :transaction_id => 'TRANSACTIONID')
      file.add_transaction_detail_record(tdr)

      file.valid?.should be_true
    end
  end
  context ".file_comment_record" do
    file = FEPFileSpecification::FEPFile.new

    it "should raise InvalidTypeError if parameter is not a FileCommentRecord" do
      lambda { file.file_comment_record = "junk" }.should raise_error(FEPFileSpecification::InvalidTypeError)
    end

    it "should return nil if not set" do
      file.file_comment_record.should be_nil
    end
  end

  context ".file_header_record" do
    file = FEPFileSpecification::FEPFile.new

    it "should raise InvalidTypeError if parameter is not a FileHeaderRecord" do
      lambda { file.file_header_record = "junk" }.should raise_error(FEPFileSpecification::InvalidTypeError)
    end

    it "should return nil if not set" do
      file.file_header_record.should be_nil
    end
  end

  context ".add_transaction_detail_record" do
    file = FEPFileSpecification::FEPFile.new

    it "should raise InvalidTypeError if parameter is not a TransactionDetailRecord" do
      lambda { file.add_transaction_detail_record("junk") }.should raise_error(FEPFileSpecification::InvalidTypeError)
    end

    it "does increment the number of tansaction detail records" do
      start_count = file.transaction_detail_records.length

      tdr = FEPFileSpecification::TransactionDetailRecord.new( :receiver_id => 'RECEIVERID',
                                                  :routing_number => '123456789',
                                                  :account_type => 'DDA',
                                                  :account_number => '1234509876',
                                                  :effective_date => Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d'),
                                                  :credit_or_debit_flag => 'D',
                                                  :amount => '12.75',
                                                  :transaction_id => 'TRANSACTIONID')
      file.add_transaction_detail_record(tdr)

      file.transaction_detail_records.length.should == start_count + 1
    end
  end

  context ".transaction_summary_record" do
    context "without transaction detail records" do
      file = FEPFileSpecification::FEPFile.new

      it "should return nil" do
        file.transaction_summary_record.should be_nil
      end
    end

    context "with transaction detail records" do
      file = FEPFileSpecification::FEPFile.new

      tdr1 = FEPFileSpecification::TransactionDetailRecord.new(
        :receiver_id => "RECEIVERID1",
        :routing_number => '123456789',
        :account_type => 'DDA',
        :account_number => '1234509876',
        :effective_date => Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d'),
        :credit_or_debit_flag => 'D',
        :amount => '12.75',
        :transaction_id => 'TRANSACTIONID')
      file.add_transaction_detail_record(tdr1)

      tdr2 = FEPFileSpecification::TransactionDetailRecord.new(
        :receiver_id => "RECEIVERID2",
        :routing_number => '123456789',
        :account_type => 'SAV',
        :account_number => '1234509876',
        :effective_date => Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d'),
        :credit_or_debit_flag => 'D',
        :amount => '34.09',
        :transaction_id => 'TRANSACTIONID')
      file.add_transaction_detail_record(tdr2)

      tdr3 = FEPFileSpecification::TransactionDetailRecord.new(
        :receiver_id => "RECEIVERID3",
        :routing_number => '123456789',
        :account_type => 'DDA',
        :account_number => '1234509876',
        :effective_date => Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d'),
        :credit_or_debit_flag => 'C',
        :amount => '27.21',
        :transaction_id => 'TRANSACTIONID')
      file.add_transaction_detail_record(tdr3)

      it "should return a TransactionSummaryRecord" do
        file.transaction_summary_record.should_not be_nil
        file.transaction_summary_record.should be_kind_of(FEPFileSpecification::TransactionSummaryRecord)
      end

      it "should have expected values" do
        file.transaction_summary_record.total_transactions.should == 3
        file.transaction_summary_record.total_debits.should == 2
        file.transaction_summary_record.total_debits_amount.should == 46.84
        file.transaction_summary_record.total_credits.should == 1
        file.transaction_summary_record.total_credits_amount.should == 27.21
        file.transaction_summary_record.total_dollar_ammount.should == 74.05
      end
    end

  end

  context ".save" do
    save_path = './tmp'
    file_name = 'fepfile_test.txt'
    full_path = "#{save_path}/#{file_name}"
    FileUtils.mkpath('./tmp')

    context "with invalid FEPFile" do
      file = FEPFileSpecification::FEPFile.new

      it "should raise a ValidationError if it is not valid" do
        FileUtils.rm full_path, :force => true
        lambda {
          file.save(save_path, file_name)
        }.should raise_error(FEPFileSpecification::ValidationError)
        File.exist?(full_path).should be_false
      end
    end

    context "with valid FEPFile" do
      file = FEPFileSpecification::FEPFile.new

      fch = FEPFileSpecification::FileCommentRecord.new("This Is My Very Cool Comment")
      file.file_comment_record = fch

      fhr = FEPFileSpecification::FileHeaderRecord.new( "2283333011",
                                                        :company_discretionary_data => "This Is My Company")
      file.file_header_record = fhr

      tdr1 = FEPFileSpecification::TransactionDetailRecord.new(
        :receiver_id => "RECEIVERID1",
        :routing_number => '123456789',
        :account_type => 'DDA',
        :account_number => '1234509876',
        :effective_date => Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d'),
        :credit_or_debit_flag => 'D',
        :amount => '12.75',
        :transaction_id => 'TRANSACTIONID')
      file.add_transaction_detail_record(tdr1)

      tdr2 = FEPFileSpecification::TransactionDetailRecord.new(
        :receiver_id => "RECEIVERID2",
        :routing_number => '123456789',
        :account_type => 'SAV',
        :account_number => '1234509876',
        :effective_date => Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d'),
        :credit_or_debit_flag => 'D',
        :amount => '34.09',
        :transaction_id => 'TRANSACTIONID')
      file.add_transaction_detail_record(tdr2)

      tdr3 = FEPFileSpecification::TransactionDetailRecord.new(
        :receiver_id => "RECEIVERID3",
        :routing_number => '123456789',
        :account_type => 'DDA',
        :account_number => '1234509876',
        :effective_date => Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d'),
        :credit_or_debit_flag => 'C',
        :amount => '27.21',
        :transaction_id => 'TRANSACTIONID')
      file.add_transaction_detail_record(tdr3)

      it "should create a file called 'fepfile_test.txt' with each line being 100 characters long" do
        FileUtils.rm full_path, :force => true
        file.save(save_path, file_name)
        File.exist?(full_path).should be_true

        File.open(full_path).each do |line|
          line.strip.length.should == 100
        end
      end
    end

    context "with valid FEPFile from convenience methods" do
      file = FEPFileSpecification::FEPFile.new
      file.set_file_comment("This Is My Very Cool Comment")
      file.set_file_header("2283333011", "MYCOMPANY")
      file.add_transaction("RECEIVERID1",'123456789','DDA','1234509876',Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d'),'D','12.75','TRANSACTIONID')
      file.add_transaction("RECEIVERID2",'123456789','SAV','1234509876',Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d'),'D','34.09','TRANSACTIONID')
      file.add_transaction("RECEIVERID3",'123456789','DDA','1234509876',Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d'),'C','27.21','TRANSACTIONID')

      it "should create a file called 'fepfile_test.txt' with each line being 100 characters long" do
        FileUtils.rm full_path, :force => true

        file.file_comment_record.should_not be_nil
        file.file_header_record.should_not be_nil
        file.transaction_detail_records.size.should == 3
        file.transaction_summary_record.should_not be_nil

        file.save(save_path, file_name)
        File.exist?(full_path).should be_true

        File.open(full_path).each do |line|
          line.strip.length.should == 100
        end
      end
    end

  end

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Category Archives: ASuW
Sea-Air-Space 2019 Virtual Tour
Like most of you I did not make it to the Navy League's 2019 Sea-Air-Space Exposition, so I have found some YouTube reports that can at least provide some of the information passed along at the event. The descriptions below each video are from the YouTube description.
Day 1 video coverage at the Sea Air Space 2019 exposition. In this video we cover:
– Boeing MQ-25 Stingray aerial refueling drone with Rear Admiral Corey
– Future USVs and XLUUV/Orca programs with Captain Pete Small
– Austal USA new range of medium and large size USVs
– Textron Systems CUSV with surface warfare payload
– ST Engineering range of USVs
– Raytheon SPY-6 radar
– Raytheon / Kongsberg NSM for USMC
– Northrop Grumman PGK for naval 5 Inch and 155mm guns
– Lockheed Martin Freedom-class lethality and survivability upgrade
– Lockheed Martin FFG(X)
– Navantia / BIW FFG(X)
Day 3 video coverage at the Sea Air Space 2019 exposition. Washington-based naval expert Chris Cavas is our guest speaker for this third and final day at Sea Air Space 2019. Cavas covers the follow topics:
– Bell V-247 Vigilant VTOL tilt-rotor UAV in U.S. Navy configuration
– Austal USA USV concepts
– Austal USA FFG(X) Frigate
– Fincantieri FFG(X) Frigate
– GD Bath Iron Works FFG(X) Frigate
– Lockheed Martin Type 26 CSC
– Lockheed Martin hypervelocity missile
– Mic drop
Posted in ASuW, drones, FFG(X), guided weapons, LCS, missiles, Navy League, Shipbuilding, UAS, UAV, USV, UUV, Weapons	| Leave a reply
Surface Navy Association 2019 –Virtual Attendance
Posted on February 3, 2019 by Chuck Hill
Like many of you, I was unable to attend the Surface Navy Association Conference, but I did find a number of videos which may provide some of the information that would have been available there. The Coast Guard Commandant had been scheduled to speak but cancelled, apparently in response to the partial government shutdown.
I have provided three videos, each about ten minutes, that may be of general interest, and links to four others, typically 20-25 minutes. The descriptions are from their respective YouTube pages.
The second and third videos have specific Coast Guard content, which I have identified by bold typeface with the beginning time in parenthesis. Some of the other equipment may have Coast Guard applications in the future.
Day 1 video coverage at SNA 2019, the Surface Navy Association's national symposium. In this video we cover:
– Austal latest frigate design for FFG(X)
– Raytheon DART Variable Depth Sonar (VDS)
– Raytheon / Kongsberg Naval Strike Missile (NSM)
– Lockheed Martin Long Range Anti Ship Missile (LRASM)
Day 2 video coverage at SNA 2019, the Surface Navy Association's national symposium.
In this video we cover:
– Fincantieri Marine Group FREMM frigate design for FFG(X)
– General Dynamics NASSCO John Lewis-class T-AO (New Oiler)
– Raytheon SM-2 restart
– Raytheon SM-3
– Leonardo DRS Hybrid Electric Drive for U.S. Coast Guard's Offshore Patrol Cutter (OPC) (time 11:10)
– Atlas North America's solutions for mine counter measures, harbor security and unmanned surface vessels
– Lockheed Martin Canadian Surface Combatant (Type 26 Frigate, Canada's Combat Ship Team)
– Insitu ScanEagle and Integrator UAS (time 4:30)
– Raytheon SPY-6 and EASR radar programs
NAVSEA's Moore on Improving Ship Repair, McCain & Fitzgerald, Ford, LCS
Vice Adm. Tom Moore, USN, the commander of the Naval Sea Systems Command, discusses US Navy efforts to increase public and private ship repair capabilities, lessons learned from repairing USS John S. McCain and Fitzgerald, the new Ford-class aircraft carrier, getting the Littoral Combat Ship on regular deployments and more with Defense & Aerospace Report Editor Vago Muradian at the Surface Navy Association annual conference and tradeshow in Northern Virginia.
GE Marine's Awiszus on LM2500 Engine Outlook, Future Shipboard Power
George Awiszus, military marketing director of GE Marine, discusses the outlook for the company's LM2500 engine that drives warships in more than 30 nations and the future of shipboard power with Defense & Aerospace Report Editor Vago Muradian at the Surface Navy Association's annual conference and tradeshow in Northern Virginia.
US Navy's Moran on Improving the Surface Force, Culture, Ship Repair & Information Sharing
Adm. Bill Moran, USN, the vice chief of naval operations, discusses dialogue with China, improving the surface force in the wake of 2017's deadly accidents, refining Navy culture, increasing ship repair capabilities, harnessing data, improving information sharing across the force and the new Design for Seapower 2.0 with Defense & Aerospace Report Editor Vago Muradian at the Surface Navy Association's annual conference and tradeshow in Northern Virginia.
US Navy's Coffman on New Expeditionary Warfighting Concepts, Organizations, Unmanned Ships
Maj. Gen. David "Stretch" Coffman, USMC, the US Navy's director of expeditionary warfare (N95), discusses new expeditionary warfighting concepts, the recent deployment of Littoral Combat Group 1 — composed of USS Wayne E Meyer (DDG-108) and USS Somerset (LPD-25) — to South America, new formations to replace the current Amphibious Ready Group and Marine Expeditionary Unit, unmanned ships, the performance of the F-35B Lightning II and more with Defense & Aerospace Report Editor Vago Muradian.
Posted in AAW, Anti-Submarine Warfare, ASuW, ASW, Canada, distributed lethality, FFG(X), hybrid propulsion, LCS, LRASM, Mine Counter Measures, missiles, NSM, Offshore Patrol Cutter, OPC, PWCS, Sensors, Shipbuilding, Ships, SNA, Surface Navy Association, swimmer defense, UAS, UAV, Weapons	| 3 Replies
Something for the Coast Guard as "Navy Squeezing Costs Out of FFG(X) Program as Requirements Solidify"–USNI
Posted on January 23, 2019 by Chuck Hill
The US Naval Institute News Service has provided an update on the FFG(X) program, based on a Jan. 15, 2019 presentation at the Surface Navy Association Symposium, by Regan Campbell, Program Executive Office, Unmanned and Small Combatants, which provides both a projected lower unit cost approaching $800M for follow on units (not a lot more than the Coast Guard was paying for its National Security Cutters) and a list of minimal equipment to be included in each ship
There is one particular item on the list of equipment that may be significant for the Coast Guard, "57mm gun (with ALaMO)". That means the "Advanced Low Cost Munition Ordnance" or ALaMO program to provide guided projectiles for the 57mm Mk110 gun is still on track. Apparently ALaMO uses the same guidance system developed for the Hyper-Velocity Round.
The FFG(X) will also share, in common with all the NSCs, the Mk160 Gun Fire Control System, and with the later NSCs, the Mk20 Electro-Optic Sensor System (Mods may be different). This means we can expect continued Navy support of these systems over the long-term.
Request for Proposal is to be issued Q4FY2019. Contract award is expected Q4FY2020.
I note there is still no image available for Huntington Ingalls proposal which may be based on the National Security Cutter.
Below is a list of equipment for the FFG(X) found on page three of the presentation. I can not claim to recognize all the acronyms. Interestingly there is space and weight reservation for a 150 kW Laser Weapon.
Guided Missile Frigate (FFG(X)) Capabilities
3x3x3 fixed-face EASR (Enterprise Air Surveillance Radar)
Mk41 VLS (32 cell)
SM-2 Blk IIIC
ESSM Blk 2
21 cell RAM launcher (Rolling Airframe Missile)
UPX-29 IFF
CEC (Cooperative Engagement Capability)
EW/IO
SLQ-32(V)6 (SEWIP Blk II) w/ HGHS and Specific Emitter
Identification (SEI)
Spectral (Follow on to SSEE Inc F)
AOEW (on airborne asset)
SWAP-C reservation for SLQ-32C(V)7 (SEWIP Blk III Lite)
SWAP-C reservation for 150kw laser
7m RHIB (x2)
57mm gun (with ALaMO)
Mk160 GFCS
Mk20 Mod 1EOSS
OTH fire control system
OTH 2x4 (T)/ 2x8 (Obj)
50 caliber machine guns
iStalker w/3600 coverage
NGSSR
Organic MH-60R (x1)
Organic MQ-8C (x1)
Secure & Traverse Aircraft Handling
Horizon Reference System
Night Vision Device Compatibility
AN/SQS-62 Variable Depth Sonar
or Low Band Hull Array
TB-37 MFTA w/ TACI
AN/SQQ-89(V)15
USW-DSS
AN/SLQ-61 Lightweight Tow or
SLQ-25 NIXIE
ADC (Torp CM)
Mk41 VLS supports VLA (Vertical Launch ASROC) for allwx stand-off ASW weapon
(future)
SVTT – Shipboard Torpedo
Launch (Obj)
C4I/ CMS
ICOP
Link-11/22
LOS/STJ/JRE
HF/VHF/UHF LOS
UHF/SHF/EHF
NTCDL
Frigate Weapon
System (FWS)
Advanced Cyber
GPNTS & ECDIS
Posted in AAW, Anti-Submarine Warfare, ASuW, ESSM, EW, FFG(X), firecontrol, Laser, Shipbuilding	| 5 Replies
The New Hyper-Velocity Round and an Old Five Inch Gun Make a Revolutionary Combo
Mk45 Mod4, a 5″ gun 62 calibers in length
The US Naval Institute reports that during an unclassified exercise as part of RIMPAC USS Dewey (DDG-105) fired 20 hyper velocity projectiles (HVP). The rounds were fired from a 5″/62 Mk45 Mod4.
Back in 2012, I published a post "Case for the Five Inch Gun." My conclusion was
In choosing the Mk110 57mm because it was seen as a better AAW weapon, a better anti-swarm weapon, as lighter, cheaper, easier to maintain or man, for whatever reason, the Coast Guard will have a weapon that is at best only marginally more capable, perhaps even less capable, of performing the most likely missions–stopping/sinking a surface target or performing NSFS–than the weapons of 60 to 90 years ago.
While the size, toughness, and survivability of merchant ships has increased dramatically, the Coast Guard has not provided its ships with a significantly improved capability to stop or sink a ship since the introduction of the 5″/51 in 1921. I still think the Coast Guard should add a light weight anti-surface vessel torpedo to its inventory as the cheapest way to have a truly effective ship stopper that can be made widely available. But until such a weapon becomes available, the Mk45 5″ is the best alternative available.
The 5″ Mk45 is a versatile weapon. Equipping the OPCs with this weapon make the ships more capable of performing both the PWCS and probable wartime mission and significantly enhances the NSFS capability of US Naval forces in a major conflict.
I think the argument for the 5″ just got a lot stronger. The test involved shooting guided rounds at a target of cruise missile size and speed. That has got to mean extreme accuracy against even moving targets.
Adding this capability to Cutters would increase both their survivability and their offensive capability. In addition it would substantially increase their capability to forcibly stop a vessel of almost any size since the projectiles, about seven times heavier than an 57mm round, would be traveling at near hypersonic speeds, they would likely disable any engine it hits by kinetic energy alone.
An artist's conception of BAE Systems' Hyper Velocity Projectile. BAE Systems Image
I have not seen any particular kind of guidance identified for this test. The illustration above does appear to show a panel, presumably one of four, between the fins at the base of the projectile.
"So if you think about the kinds of threats you might face in the Middle East, the lower-end cruise missiles or a larger UAV, now you have a way to shoot them down that doesn't require you use a $2 million ESSM or $1 million RAM because a hyper velocity projectile – even in the highest-end estimates have it in the $75,000 to $100,000 range, and that's for the fanciest version of it with an onboard seeker," he said.
An added benefit of using HVP in powder guns is the gun's high rate of fire and a large magazine capacity.
The projectiles apparently weigh about 45 pounds, and may cost as little as $25,000, far less than even the relatively cheap RAM short range anti-air missile at about $1M each. Range is expected to be about 40 miles when fired from a 5″ gun.
The Mk45 Mod4 was first installed on the USS Winston Churchill (DDG-81) commissioned in 2001, superseding the earlier 5″/54 Mk45 mods. Since then it has been the standard USN 5″ gun. It is also in service with the Australian, South Korean, Japanese, and Danish Navies, and they will arm the British Type 26 frigate. Earlier models of the 5″ Mk45 also serve in the Navies of New Zealand, Greece, Spain, Turkey and Thailand.
The gun mount is not a lot larger than the 5″/38 Mk30 mounts that were used on over 50 Coast Guard cutters (255s, 311s, 327s, 378s, and icebreakers) between the early 1940s and their removal from the 378s in the late '80s and early 90s. In fact the early models of the Mk45 were designed as a drop in replacement for the 5″/38.
Earlier 5″/38 mounts used by the Coast Guard were highly manpower intensive requiring 14 to 15 to fully man the mount and pass projectiles and powder. Full manning for a Mk45 Mod4 is only six, a Gun Captain, Panel Operator and four ammunition Ioperators, all below deck. It can fire up to twenty rounds before the four ammunition operators arrive on station, allowing relatively easy Condition III manning.
The 5″/38 mount weighed about 41,000 pounds. The Mk45 Mod4 is estimated to weigh 50,456 lbs. (22,886 kg) without a lower hoist and 54,398 lbs. (24,674 kg) with a four-flight lower hoist. that is at most a 33% increase.
Time to Think about an OPC "B class"
What the Soviets used to call the correlation of forces is changing. The Navy's top surface warfare officer told a gathering at the Surface Navy Association Seminar, For the ship crews, "we need to have them prepared on a moment's notice to turn the readiness we are building into lethality," that they had to be ready to fight now.
It is time for the Coast Guard to start reasserting its military nature. Hopefully we have at least a few years to rebuild the Coast Guard's capability as a naval force which was discarded after the Soviet Union fell apart
It is not too early to start thinking about a "B class" OPC. Replace the 57mm with the 5″/62 Mk45 mod4, replace the 25mm Mk38 with SeaRAM. Add the sensors from the LCS ASW mission module at the stern. Add some Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles Forward. Make sure we have space to support MH-60R ASW helos it is supposed to be able to hangar with torpedoes and sonobuoys. That is not a whole lot different from the systems we had on the FRAM 378s, and the OPC is a third again as large.
USCGC Mellon seen here launching a Harpoon anti-ship cruise missile in 1990.
Posted in AAW, Anti-Submarine Warfare, ASuW, ASW, Offshore Patrol Cutter, OPC, Weapons	| 19 Replies
Webber class Could be the Navy's Light Duty Pickup Truck
Coast Guard Cutter John F. McCormick (WPC 1121) crew transits through the San Francisco Bay, Saturday, March 4, 2017, during their voyage to homeport in Ketchikan, Alaska. Coast Guard photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class Loumania Stewart
In 2012 the US Naval Institute published an important article by then CNO Admiral Johnathan Greenert, "Payloads over platforms: Charting a new course." It starts off,
"We need to move from 'luxury-car' platforms—with their built-in capabilities—toward dependable 'trucks' that can handle a changing payload selection. "
He suggested that the Navy needs F150 pickups rather than Ferraris. Metaphorically the Webber class could be the Navy's small Toyota pickup–cheap, reliable, versatile, and economical to operate.
A strong point for the Webber class is that it is probably the smallest and cheapest combatant, being currently manufactured, that can self deploy anywhere in the world (other than the polar regions) with minimal support en route as demonstrated by their self deployment to Hawaii and Alaska and USCGC Olivier F. Berry (WPC-1124)'s successful patrol to the Marshall Islands, 2200 miles from her homeport in Honolulu.
As currently equipped there is not a lot of free space apparent on the Webber class, but removing the eight meter "over the horizon boat" would free up a large area where mission modules could be placed. We can think of it as the bed of the pickup.
180201-N-TB177-0211
U.S. 5TH FLEET AREA OF OPERATIONS (Feb. 1, 2018) Island-class patrol boats USCGC Wrangell (WPB 1332), left, USCGC Aquidneck (WPB 1309), middle, and coastal patrol ship USS Firebolt (PC 10) patrol the open seas. Wrangell, Aquidneck and Firebolt are forward deployed to the U.S. 5th Fleet area of operations in support of maritime security operations to reassure allies and partners and preserve the freedom of navigation and the free flow of commerce in the region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kevin J. Steinberg/Released)
Potential Missions
Countering the Swarm:
The Navy's most likely first use of a Webber class could be as replacements for the Cyclone class in South West Asia. Countering the large number of Iranian fast inshore attack craft (FIAC) is a mission the Cyclone class is expected to do now, protecting both larger Navy vessels and the tanker traffic that must pass through the Straits of Hormuz.
The Fletcher laser guided rocket launcher fires BAE's 2.75 inch laser guided rockets known as the Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System. (Shawn Snow/Defense News Staff)
An earlier post, "Modifying Webber Class Cutters for Duty in SW Asia," was aimed at this threat as applied to the Coast Guard Webber class that will be going to Southwest Asia. As a minimum the Navy will likely want some form of guided weapon, Perhaps the APKWS would suffice, if provided in sufficient numbers.
Spike LR Missile launched from a Typhoon weapon station on an Israel Navy Super Dvora Mk 2. A similar configuration was recently tested by the US Navy, from an unmanned surface vessel (USV-PEM). Photo: RAFAEL
The 25mm Mk38 Mod2/3 that are currently mounted on the Webber class might be up-gunned (30, 35, and 40mm guns are all possible) and the mount might also be modified to also launch APKWS. Alternately the Mk38 might be replaced by BAE's 40mm/70 MK4 and the Toplite gun director c(urrently mounted on the Mk38) could be mounted on the mast to control the 40mm, as the Israelis have done with some of their installations of the system, assuming the 40mm Mk 4 does not weigh too much.
BAE Bofors 40mm/70 mk4
Optimally, the outfit should include Longbow Hellfire. It could probably be mounted as single tube launchers affixed along the sides of the superstructure. I have seen a mockup of such a launcher. The missile itself is only about seven inches in diameter. If willing to replace the boat with missiles, its likely Lockheed could produce a 12 round launcher based on half the launcher being installed on the LCS.
ATLANTIC OCEAN—A Longbow Hellfire Missile is fired from Littoral Combat Ship USS Detroit (LCS 7) on Feb. 28 2017 as part of a structural test firing of the Surface to Surface Missile Module (SSMM). The test marked the first vertical missile launched from an LCS and the first launch of a missile from the SSMM from an LCS. (Photo by U.S. Navy)
Anti-Ship:
In other theaters there is likely a desire to have a larger anti-ship missile.
The Navy has been talking a great deal about "Distributed Lethality." The concept has its origin in a January 2015 US Naval Institute article by then-Director of Surface Warfare Requirements (OPNAV N96) Rear Admiral Tom Rowden, RAdm. Peter Gumataotao, and RAdm. Peter Fanta.
Rowden's co-author and successor at N96, Rear Admiral Pete Fanta, continued the drum beat with the memorable phrase, "if it floats, it fights," suggesting that anti-ship missiles should be put on virtually all units.
On the Webber class, this would most likely the Naval Strike Missile (NSM), recently chosen by the Navy to arm its LCSs and frigates. A four cell launcher could probably replace the boat. The missile is only 13 feet long.
A Kongsberg Naval Strike Missile (NSM) is launched from the U.S. Navy littoral combat ship USS Coronado (LCS-4) during missile testing operations off the coast of Southern California (USA). The missile scored a direct hit on a mobile ship target. 23 September 2014.
U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Zachary D. Bell
The Army and Marines have tracked and truck mounted missile launchers.
A new missile, "Deepstrike," is being developed for these launchers. "The missile will be able to strike targets up to 309 miles away with precision, including moving targets both on land at sea." (see also)
A Webber class equipped with these could function in the same way as the Army and Marine vehicles operating in the littorals and many river systems. Targeting would be provided by offboard sensors through networking.
Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW)
This is probably unlikely, but there might be a place for craft that could perform ASW patrols off ports and amphibious objective areas or around choke points.
The Canadians have a small containerized towed array sensor that looks like it would fit.
TRAPS containerized active/passive towed array from GeoSpectrum Technologies.
I have looked at how we might add torpedo tubes to the Webber class that could launch ASW torpedoes, but it is more likely aircraft, most likely helicopters, would be called in to make the actual attack. The ship would be primarily a sensor node, minimizing the requirement to keep ASW Helicopters airborne.
120mm Mortar for Naval Surface Fire Support:
Another truck like use would be to add this containerized large mortar as a way to provide naval fire support. This weapon is not currently in the US inventory but it does look promising. Guided projectiles are being developed for the 120 mm mortar.
Security for MSC's PrePositioned Afloat Fleet
I am not sure what precautions the Navy has made to protect the ships of the MSC's PrePositioned Afloat Fleet, but if I were an enemy there are might be strong incentive to destroy these ships that transport the most ready reinforcements of heavy equipment.
Webber class PCs might have a role in protecting these.
Large Unmanned Surface Vessel.
The Navy is seeking to procure a medium unmanned surface vessel (MUSV), 12 to 50 meters in length. The Webber class might be the basis for such a vessel. The modular systems described above might also be used on the MUSV.
Visit, Search, Board, and Seizure:
This is the mission these little ships are built for and, consequently, no change may be necessary. The mission might be stopping and boarding hundreds of small craft as was done off Vietnam as part of Operation Market Time, or it might be enforcing a blockade against Chinese shipping at the Straits providing access to the South China Sea. If resistance is expected there are a number of ways the vessels' armament could be augmented, including missiles or torpedoes, but in most cases its likely air or backup could be called in. The real advantage is that the Navy would not need to tie down DDGs doing this work, and potentially risk it being damaged by improvised weapons on a vessel being boarded. For more challenging assignments two or three could be teamed with one or two providing boats and boarding teams and the other as a weapons carrier.
Posted in Anti-Submarine Warfare, ASuW, ASW, blockade, containerized, distributed lethality, Fast Inshore Attack Craft, Fast Response Cutter, FIAC, Force Protection, FRC, Interdiction, PATFORSWA, Persian Gulf, Shipbuilding, Torpedoes, USV, VBSS, Weapons, Webber Class, WPC	| 62 Replies
"Distribute Lethality to the Cutters"–USNI Proceedings
Posted on August 31, 2018 by Chuck Hill
The US Naval Institute Proceedings' September 2018 issue has an article recommending installation of Naval Strike Missiles (NSM) on the Bertholf class National Security Cutters (NSC) and the Argus class Offshore Patrol Cutters (OPC), "Distribute Lethality to the Cutters," by LCdr. Daniel M. Wilshire, USCG. Its outside the paywall; you can just click on the link.
He makes some good points.
The Navy does not have enough ships.
The Coast Guard is building 36 likely candidates.
Using deck mounted canister launchers it should not be too difficult to mount NSM on cutters.
The systems would be Navy owned and we could use Navy training.
Arming cutters for combat, including missiles is not new.
If there is a major conflict, cutters may find themselves in combat, whether they are prepared for it or not.
These are not a replacement for Navy construction.
We should not wait for the outbreak of war before arming cutters
In conclusion he says.
"The prospect of great power conflict once again looms. Though the time and nature of that conflict is not clear, one thing is certain: when the next war breaks out, Coast Guard cutters will go into harm's way as they have done in nearly every major conflict since 1790, not only because every ship will be needed, but because doing so is part of the Coast Guard's history and culture. Procurement and training decisions made today will dictate whether the Coast Guard enters that conflict with the weapons needed to best help deter or defeat a peer competitor. Failing to put antiship cruise missiles on the 36 cutters of the NSC and OPC classes, cutters that will serve for the next 50-plus years, is an omission that the Navy, the Coast Guard, and the nation can ill-afford."
My only comment would be:
First, I would prefer to see the longer ranged, heavier Long Range Anti-Ship Missile used instead of NSM, as I believe it is better suited for our peacetime anti-terrorism mission as well as being a more effective weapon in wartime.
Second, while it is probably a more complex change, reviving the Coast Guard's Wartime Anti-Submarine Warfare Mission would probably be an even more important addition to the "National Fleet" than an expanded anti-surface capability. While it probably would contribute nothing to our peacetime anti-terrorism mission, long range acoustic sensors might help our counter-drug effort.
Posted in Anti-Submarine Warfare, ASuW, ASW, LRASM, national security cutter, NSC, NSM, Offshore Patrol Cutter, OPC, Waterways and Coastal Security (PWCS), Weapons	| 10 Replies
RIMPAC 2018
Twenty-five nations, 46 surface ships, five submarines, 17 land forces, more than 200 aircraft, and 25,000 personnel participated in the latest RIMPAC exercise. Nations represented included Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Peru, Republic of Korea, Republic of the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tonga, United Kingdom, United States and Vietnam.
180710-G-ZV557-1313 PACIFIC OCEAN (July 10, 2018) Crewmembers aboard the USCGC Bertholf (WMSL 750) check the flight deck July 10, 2018, alongside the flight crew of the a U.S. Navy HSC-4 Black Knight MH-60 helicopter 15 miles south of Oahu, Hawaii, while in support of RIMPAC 2018. Photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class David Weydert
And the Coast Guard was there. USCGC Bertholf even headed one of the Task Groups. But I have yet to see any stories from the Coast Guard about Coast Guard participation.
Consequently there is not a lot I can say about what the Coast Guard did. Can't help but think this was a missed opportunity.
All we seem to have are Navy photographs with their captions.
RIMPAC 2018 will also be the first time that US Coast Guard Maritime Security Response Team West (MSRT-W) participates in RIMPAC SOCAL. US Navy Photo
180710-N-CW570-1068
JOINT BASE PEARL HARBOR-HICKAM, Hawaii (July 10, 2018) U.S. Coast Guardsmen assigned to Regional Dive Locker Pacific conduct diving operations during a decontaminated water diving symposium at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam during Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise, July 10, 2018. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Arthurgwain L. Marquez/Released)
The Sinking Exercises
One of the highlights of RIMPAC is always the ability to test ordnance against an actual ship in a Sink-EX. This time there were two target ships, the former USS Racine (LST-1191) and a frigate, the former USS McClusky (FFG 41).
The Racine Sink-EX
This RIMPAC was a bit unusual, in that US Army and Japanese ground units participated in the Racine Sink-EX.
Using targeting from a US Army Gray Eagle drone and AH-64E team, the former Racine was hit by four Japan Ground Self Defense Force surface to surface missiles, a Naval Strike Missile fired from a US Army vehicle with a Palletized Load System (PLS), five HIMAR artillery rockets were fired (no indication how many hits), a Harpoon missile fired by an Australian P-8 Maritime Patrol Aircraft, and another Harpoon and a torpedo from a US submarine.
Photo By Master Chief Petty Officer Brian Brannon | 180712-N-HO130-2002 PACIFIC MISSILE RANGE FACILITY BARKING SANDS, Hawaii (July 12, 2018) Members of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) fire a Japanese Type 12 Surface-to-Ship Missile (SSM-12) at the ex-USS Racine (LST-1191), positioned at sea, during a sinking exercise, July 12, at Pacific Missile Range Facility Barking Sands on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, during the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise. This marks the first time the U.S. Army and JGSDF have participated in a sinking exercise during RIMPAC. (U.S. Navy photo by Master Chief Mass Communication Specialist Brian Brannon/Released)
The McClusky Sink-EX
We don't have a video of the McClusky Sink-EX. An early report indicated that she was sunk by fire from "from a ship and an aircraft."
Subsequently we learned that the Singapore Navy, presumably RSS Tenacious (71) which has space for up to 24 Harpoons, fired two Harpoons at the decommissioned FFG and that unlike most Harpoon strikes, these hit at the waterline, causing the ship to sink earlier than expected. (Really I think all anti-ship cruise missiles should be programmed to strike the waterline–perhaps a terminal dive. Usually their detonations let in air rather than water, damaging the target rather than sinking it.)
"In all, six Harpoons were successfully shot between the two SINKEX events, according to manufacturer Boeing."
I presume this means two surface launched by the Singapore Navy and two air launched against the FFG and one sub launched and one air launched by the Australian P-8 against the LST.
An Air Force launched LRASM was originally planned to be used against Racine, but I have seen no indication one was launched during the exercise.
The Naval Institute reported on a new RIMPAC program, the "Innovation Fair." While apparently it included a lot of high-tech presentations; it was a simple low-tech "why didn't I think of that" good idea that won the prize, and it looks like something the Coast Guard could use, a floating and reflective damage control (DC) bag.
Royal Malaysian Navy Sub-Lieutenant Chan Jun Kwan, assigned to frigate KD Lekiu (FFG 30), displays a damage control floating bag concept developed by his crew during the inaugural Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise innovation fair. US Navy photo.
Posted in ASuW, Training, Weapons	| 16 Replies
"Coast Guard is Refining FY 2021 Funding Pitch" --USNI


Fairy water fountain. Make this splendid fountain the centerpiece of home decor in your garden! Water flows from an urn held by a fairy maid, cascading down through open blossoms into a scallop-edged bowl. Enchanting and elegant!
19 1/2" diameter x 42" high.


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Photo-Analogue
Adventures in Analogue Photography
Butcher's "Cameo"
The "Cameo"
Sometimes I acquire cameras almost by accident. After using the Ensign Folding Klito earlier in the year, I bought another quarter-plate format folding camera as it came with a full complement of a dozen plate holders, and probably would have paid around the same amount for the plate holders on their own. However, these metal holders were not compatible with the Klito: the Klito holders have a single 'lip' on the left and right edges and none at the bottom. These particular holders in comparison have a double lip at both sides with a single lip at the bottom edge which meant that they were not interchangeable. It's an issue not uncommon for early plate cameras, as many manufacturers had their own propriety designs, especially it seems around the turn of the century; only later was there a degree of standardisation amongst different camera makers.
Cameo with plate holders and supplementary lens
The camera that these holders came with was a Butcher and Sons Cameo (on the camera itself is a small brass name badge with The "Cameo"). I've already written about Butcher and Sons in discussing the Midg: their cameras were made in Germany and then badged and sold by Butchers - with most likely some other elements of finishing by Butchers, notably that the Cameo has a British-made lens in a German shutter. The camera itself was almost certainly made by Hüttig, or Ica - of which Hüttig was a constituent when Ica was formed in 1909: the 'Cameo' is listed as a plate camera under the Hüttig page on Camera-Wiki, but does not appear as a 'continued model' on the Ica page, although this may just be an omission (however, the Cameo also does not appear under the comprehensive Ica cameras list on From the Focal Plane to Infinity).
Research online turned up scans of a Butcher and Sons catalogue from 1914, which was invaluable for precisely identifying the model. There are four versions of the Cameo listed: my camera corresponds to the Model O, surely a back-formed name: the others are named with Roman numerals I, II and III (the 'Uno-Cameo'); the O is a simpler, cheaper version. It does appear to be named with a capital 'O' rather than a zero, although whether anyone referred to it as a "Model-Oh" seems unlikely. To add a small amount of confusion, the Model O is divided into five variants based on lens and shutter combinations: my example is the middle of the range Model 03 (the other Cameos, although having a wider variety of sizes, lenses and shutters are not burdened with a further model name in the catalogue). The catalogue states that "The Model O "Cameo" has for fourteen years held the lead as the most serviceable, most practical, and most valuable Guinea Folding Pocket Camera on the market, and for this reason has become famous the wide world over. The 1914 pattern has been entirely remodelled, and is now as perfect as is possible to make it." As an importer of cameras from Germany, the outbreak of war that year was significant: it resulted in Butchers forming a partnership, and then an eventual merger, with Houghtons in order to stay in business.
Cameo in landscape orientation
The Cameo itself is a fairly well-constructed example of a typical plate camera of its time: leather-covered wooden body, with a metal drop bed, removable wooden back for the ground glass screen, originally with a hood, missing on my version. It has a large brilliant finder, without a spirit level. It also lacks a wire frame finder, which I prefer for shooting handheld. The bellows are single extension only, and focus eschews a rack and pinion device for the simpler expedient of using the spring clamps, as the catalogue names them, to advance the front standard along the runners. There is a focus scale with an infinity lock, but for precise focusing, this is rather more difficult as I found my hand partly occluding lens as I attempted to move the standard into place. As well as a hood, my camera was also missing the ground glass screen itself, so I made a replacement, although I used too coarse a grade of grit to see the projected images very clearly (incidentally, to make the replacement screen I had to cut down a glass plate for this, as the screen is smaller than quarter plate size). Camera movements are limited to front rise/fall and cross, like most folding plate cameras of this age. The body also has standard tripod sockets for vertical and horizontal orientation.
Beck Symmetrical lens in Lukos II shutter
The Beck Symmetrical lens has a mark for f8 as its widest opening on the scale, but the aperture opens a little wider, as shown by the pointer's position in the image above, possibly just to f7.7. It does have a chip or crack at the very edge of the front element, but this probably has a marginal effect on image quality. The lens is set in a Lukos II three-speed shutter, with 1/25, 1/50, 1/100, with T and B. The Lukos is an 'Everset' shutter, meaning that it doesn't need a separate lever to cock the shutter before firing, but the tensioning of the mechanism can be felt in initially pressing down on the release lever before it reaches the firing position. According to the 1914 catalogue, Lukos shutters were specially made for Butchers - although not specified, no doubt by Ica.
Having made a new ground glass screen and submitted the camera to some general cleaning and renovation, an excuse for shooting with the Cameo came with the announcement on Emulsive of the first #FP4Party. In one of my job lots of old film and plates, I'd acquired two boxes of 8.2x10.8cm FP4 from the 1970s: with 50 sheets to a box I was happy to sacrifice a few sheets to test the camera, and having used some 4x5 inch FP4 from the same source successfully, without testing the film itself. I shot half a dozen sheets at half box speed and used developing times for modern FP4 Plus - the sheet film being the previous iteration of Ilford's FP emulsion before the 'Plus' version.
Cameo with expired Ilford FP4
As well as the FP4 film, I also shot some glass plates at the same time. Thirty years older than the FP4, I shot some Ilford Soft Gradation Panchromatic plates, dated to 1946, hand held, with the result that most were underexposed given the Cameo's slow lens. The plates would have been better for an extra stop or two, but the results are still good for a seventy-year old emulsion.
Cameo with Ilford Soft Gradation Panchromatic glass plate
Without a spirit level or a wire frame finder, I had trouble keeping the camera level when shooting, and as a result, I have cropped some of the FP4 images, although with the glass plates the qualities of their distinctive edges would be lost, so I kept the scan of the whole plate, as above, despite the slanting horizons.
Cameo with No.6 supplementary lens fitted
Included with the Cameo camera was a push-on supplementary lens, with little information to identify it, marked simply 'No.6'. Fitting it to the camera showed it to be for close up and wide angle use, the former mitigating the camera's limited, single bellows extension to get closer to a subject, the latter simply facilitated by placing the front standard a little closer to the camera body. With the supplementary lens it's critical to use the ground glass screen to focus, as the focus scale on the body no longer applies; for wide-angle work, the brilliant finder shows a slightly smaller angle of view, but using the finder itself isn't especially exact, so this matters little. The two images below show the difference with and without the supplementary lens, which isn't especially dramatic.
Cameo with No.6 supplementary lens and expired Ilford FP4
Cameo with Soft Gradation Panchromatic glass plate
The difference when used for close up photographs appears more marked, with the two examples below both shot on Ilford G.30 Chromatic glass plates. In each case, the front standard of the camera was advanced as far as possible on the runners, right at the very edge of the folding bed.
Cameo with Ilford G.30 Chromatic glass plate and No.6 supplementary lens
Cameo with Ilford G.30 Chromatic glass plate
Although not used for any of the photographs in this post, the Cameo also came with two exposure meters of a very specific kind. The two wallet-like items are actinometers and work by timing how long a piece of sensitised paper takes to darken to a specific tint; that time is then applied to the calculator, which is calibrated to emulsion speed in Hurter and Driffield numbers. Possibly around a hundred years old, I found that the sensitised paper still darkened when exposed to light; some of my old glass plates are rated in H&D numbers, but most of the photographs in this post were shot with the 'sunny 16' rule rather than metered (I used an SLR to meter the close up shots and overexposed most of them).
Imperial Exposure Meter showing sensitised paper strip and sliding calculator
A century ago, the Cameo would have given quite adequate results on glass negatives for photographs that would have mostly been printed by contact. The Beck Symmetrical lens is sharp in the middle, but definition falls off towards the edges at wider apertures, and for some of the reasons I've mentioned, the Cameo isn't the easiest plate camera I've used: contemporary to my camera, more expensive models in the range with better, faster lenses, double extension bellows and rack and pinion focussing would be more desirable - if one were to make an informed purchase.
Butcher's Cameo sample image with Ilford FP4
Butcher's Cameo sample image with Soft Gradation Panchromatic glass plate
Butcher's Cameo sample image with supplementary lens and Soft Gradation Panchromatic glass plate
Sources/further reading:
There's perhaps surprisingly little in depth information about the Cameo online, although presumably sold in tens or hundreds of thousands, this may be simply that it's not considered sufficiently interesting in any way.
1914 Butcher Catalogue
'Pocket' Cameos on Historic Camera
Early Cameo model on The Living Image
Posted by Nicholas Middleton at 09:00
Labels: Butchers and Sons, Cameo, FP4, glass plates, Hüttig, Ica, plate camera, quarter plate format, Soft Gradation Panchromatic
MattBolex7 2 November 2016 at 15:36
I have one of these and Efke film that fits, but I put cardboard inserts in the plate holders and fitted the film in on top of the card so it would be in the right plane, and also be held flat. Have you ever tried to replace the felt light proofing strip on those plate holders?
Nicholas Middleton 28 November 2016 at 19:04
I haven't replaced the light traps on any placeholders, but I have done so on one of my plate cameras, using the felt from three 35mm canisters (I haven't tested it out yet to see if if works though).
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辞典 > 例文辞典 > "6 golden coins" 例文
6 golden coinsの例文
Later, Tatanga returns in " Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins " as a boss and henchman for Wario.
The game begot a series of sequels, including the 1992 " Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins " and 1994 " Wario Land : Super Mario Land 3 ".
Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins is linked in as 3 " " Do not use abbreviations even if they are in common usage ( unless the game's name is itself an abbreviation ), as they are unprofessional.
The game begot a " Super Mario Land " series of portable Mario games . " Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins " added a non-linear overworld and introduced Wario, an evil version of Mario, as the game's villain.
"New Super Mario Bros . " is the first 2D platform game to star Mario since " Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins " in 1992 . " New Super Mario Bros . " was available for play at E3 in 2005.
The update will also allow the user to switch between various graphical looks resembling other games from the " Super Mario Bros . " series, including " Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins " and " Super Mario Bros . 3 ".
It was the first original side-scrolling platform game starring Mario since " Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins " in 1992, and the first game to be a part of the main " Super Mario " series since " Super Mario Sunshine " in 2002.
Immediately following the end of " Super Mario Adventures ", Nintendo Power concluded the epic with a ten-page story based on " Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins " titled " Mario VS Wario ", which ran in their January 1993 issue and was later reprinted in the graphic novel.
In " Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins ", a carrot was available that gave Mario rabbit ears that allowed him to fly, " Super Mario Sunshine " introduces a pump-water spraying device named " F . L . U . D . D . ", which abilities included spraying water and hovering.
""'Wario " video games "'have been developed by several companies, including Nintendo, playable character was " Wario Land : Super Mario Land 3 " for the Game Boy, although he had previously appeared as the antagonist in " Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins " and other games.
Luigi is Mario's younger fraternal twin brother . though he occasionally rescues Mario, as seen in " Mario is Missing ! " and " Luigi's Mansion " . " Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins " for the Game Boy saw the arrival of Wario, Mario's greedy counterpart, who is often Mario's antagonist or an antihero.
Its sequel, " Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins ", sold 2.7 million copies, placing twelfth . " New Super Mario Bros . " for the Nintendo DS sold 30.79 million units, making it the best-selling game for the console . " Super Mario 64 DS " sold 11.05 million copies, making it the eighth best-selling game for the Nintendo DS.
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Teachers Stand Up Against Harmful Loudoun County School Board Policy
Loudoun County teachers Tanner Cross, Monica Gill, and Kim Wright are challenging an unconstitutional school board policy.
Alliance Defending Freedom
Revised November 30, 2022
Imagine you're at a school board meeting discussing changes to school district policy, and one of the teachers speaks up. He thoughtfully voices some concerns.
How would you react? Even if you disagree, would you appreciate the fact that he is thinking deeply about issues that affect your student? Most people would.
Unfortunately, that's not what happened when Tanner Cross, an elementary school teacher in Loudoun County Public Schools in Virginia, respectfully explained his objections to a proposed school policy during the public comment period of a May 2021 school board meeting.
Teachers Tanner Cross, Kim Wright, and Monica Gill of Loudoun County Public Schools are seen above.
Who are Tanner Cross, Monica Gill, and Kim Wright?
At the school board meeting, Tanner Cross spoke against a proposed district policy that would compel teachers to deny truths about what it means to be male and female. The policy would require teachers to participate in students' social "gender transitions" by referring to them using pronouns inconsistent with the students' biological sex.
Cross, a physical education teacher at Leesburg Elementary School, shared his belief—and the scientific fact—that there are two biological sexes, which can't be changed.
Less than 48 hours later, he was suspended. Far from appreciating his input as an educator, school officials punished him for speaking up.
But it is the right of Tanner Cross and every American to speak their opinion at a public meeting. And it's unconstitutional for the school district to punish a teacher for exercising that right.
That's why Alliance Defending Freedom filed a lawsuit against school district officials to hold them accountable for their unconstitutional actions. Thankfully, in June 2021, the Loudoun County Circuit Court held that Cross was likely to prevail in the lawsuit and ordered the school to allow him to return to work while the lawsuit continues.
Unfortunately, the school board failed to heed Cross's concerns about the proposed policy. On August 11, 2021, the school board enacted it. And now, two additional teachers from Loudoun County Public Schools are joining the lawsuit to challenge this policy.
Monica Gill, a history teacher at Loudoun County High School, and Kim Wright, an English teacher at Smart's Mill Middle School, have joined Tanner Cross in the lawsuit.
Cross v. Loudoun County School Board
What is so troublesome about the Loudoun County School Board's policy?
The policy forces teachers to violate their beliefs by requiring them to address "gender-expansive or transgender students" in a manner inconsistent with their biological sex. And many experts agree that putting children who experience gender dysphoria on a path toward hormones and surgery is harmful to their long-term health and happiness.
As Dr. Stephen B. Levine, a Distinguished Life Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, wrote in an expert declaration to the court in a separate ADF case:
Putting a child or adolescent on a pathway towards life as a transgender person puts that individual at risk of a wide range of long-term or even life-long harms, including: sterilization (whether chemical or surgical) and associated regret and sense of loss … physical health risks associated with exposure to elevated levels of cross-sex hormones; surgical complications and life-long after-care; alienation of family relationships; inability to form healthy romantic relationships and attract a desirable mate; elevated mental health risks.
The Loudoun County School Board policy forces teachers to lie to students and embrace an ideology that ultimately could harm them.
The policy even requires teachers to use pronouns inconsistent with biological sex "without any substantiating evidence," which means before the student even meets the diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria or any other condition. The Loudoun County School Board is asking its teachers to send children down a path that poses serious health risks with no questions asked.
You can understand why the teachers don't feel comfortable with that.
At various school board meetings, Tanner Cross, Monica Gill, and Kim Wright each respectfully explained their concern for students who struggle with gender dysphoria but also their concerns about being forced to violate their beliefs. As Christians, they believe that God created two sexes—male and female—and that this biological reality can't be changed. They also believe, consistently with scientific evidence, that it would be harmful to their students to convey an ideology that says otherwise.
What's at stake?
A school district cannot use teachers as a mouthpiece to personally affirm a political agenda that violates their beliefs. But that is exactly what the Loudoun County School Board is trying to do.
First, by punishing Tanner Cross when he exercised his constitutional right to speak up against the proposed policy, and now by demanding that all teachers toe the ideological line or face the consequences.
It must stop.
The debate over the school's policy is about much more than pronouns. It's about scientific truth. It's about whether the government can force teachers to endorse an ideology that conflicts with their beliefs.
And Tanner Cross's case was about something even more important: whether we have the right to voice dissenting opinions to our elected officials at all. Not everyone will agree with these courageous teachers about what the school's policy should be. But, in a free society, everyone must have the right to make their case to their elected officials about what the policy should be.
Case timeline
May 2021: Tanner Cross was suspended by Loudoun County Public Schools after speaking out against the proposed policy.
June 2021: ADF attorneys representing Cross filed a lawsuit against LCPS, asking the Loudoun County Circuit Court to immediately halt the enforcement of his suspension. The court granted the request.
August 2021: The Virginia Supreme Court issued an order confirming the circuit court's ruling, agreeing that the school district's actions were likely unconstitutional. Also, ADF attorneys amended their lawsuit to challenge a new policy the school board had passed that forces faculty and students to speak messages contrary to their beliefs.
November 2021: The school board agreed to a permanent injunction prohibiting it from retaliating against Tanner Cross for expressing his constitutionally protected views on the board's transgender policy.
Teachers should be free to advocate for the good of their students, and the government cannot force them to endorse an ideology that violates their beliefs.
Monica Gill talks about how the Loudoun County policy affects her and her students:
ADF is the world's largest legal organization committed to protecting religious freedom, free speech, the sanctity of life, marriage and family, and parental rights.
Federal Agencies Redefining Sex for Employers
Protecting the Right Not to Do Harm
School Tells Christian Teacher to 'Put Her Beliefs Aside'


This month, after Putin's speech on the Russian claim to Crimea and his subsequent annexation of the peninsula, Bush's comment about Putin (dubbed by the late Christopher Hitchens as "one of the stupidest things a president has ever said") was recalled by many news commentators.
And it was this reference to the cross that inspired Bush to say that he had a sense of Putin's soul.
For Putin, a former ardent Communist and KGB officer, to speak of the baptism of Prince Vladimir and his "spiritual feats" as the basis for his claim to Crimea is strange indeed. But it is, in fact, no stranger than the remarkably similar claims to the West Bank made in the past few years by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin ("Bibi") Netanyahu, former Israeli military commando and arch-secularist.
But Vladimir and Bibi, supported by legions of "true believers," don't seem bothered by the norms of international law or the dangerous history of linking territorial claims to religion. The future, as they see it, belongs to the past.


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Texas Southern advances to SWAC basketball tournament finals
HOUSTON, TX. — The Tigers went on a key 21-9 run over a five-and-a half minute span during the second half to gain an arm's length lead before holding off the Panthers in the late night men's semifinal at Delmar Fieldhouse.
The Tigers (14-19) advance to play top-seeded Arkansas-Pine Bluff in the SWAC Championship at Delmar Fieldhouse in Houston on Saturday at 4 p.m. Texas Southern will be seeking their fourth SWAC Tournament championship in the past five seasons.
TSU threw a balanced scoring attack at the Panthers as Donte Clark led the charge with 22 points, five rebounds and five assists before fouling off late in the game. Derrick Bruce scored 18 points to go with five rebounds and three assists.
Demontrae Jefferson scored 15 points and handed out six assists while Lamont Walker came off the bench and did not miss a shot, making all four from the field, including a trio of 3-pointers and two free throws to finish with 13 points.
The game-altering run was sparked by a Bruce 3-pointer and lay up and followed with a jumper and a pair of free throws by Clark. The Tigers continued their push with on a 3-pointer from Walker to make it a 60-51 lead with 10:45 remaining in the second half.
Texas Southern avenged the two regular season losses in head-to-head match ups with the Panthers.
After the Panthers' Gary Blackston connected on a 3-pointer, Walker answered back with another 3-pointer.
A Trayvon Reed dunk, two free throws from Walker and driving lay in from Bruce made it 69-55 with 8:02 left.
The Panthers (16-18) kept it close behind a sterling effort by Blackston, who shot 11-of-22 from the floor to score 32 points and also snared eight rebounds. J.D. Wallace contributed with a double-double with 13 points and 12 rebounds. He added two steals and two blocks.
Texas Southern shot 48 percent from the floor including a sizzling 67 percent after the break (18-of-27) while Prairie View A&M was at 39 percent for the game.
Courtesy: SWAC
Previous articleUAPB advances to SWAC tournament semifinal over Southern
Next articleNorth Carolina Central wins MEAC tournament championship
Robert Baker March 10, 2018 At 4:22 pm
Once again, My Alma Mater Jackson State University fell to the bottom again in Men and Women Basketball . Year after year a repeating process . Time for our University to bring a The Greatest winner in Mississippi Basketball and Our Own Alum , Coach Thomas Billups and a new Women Coach .


There are thick business cards and then there are 600gsm thick business cards. You have just seconds to make a good first impression. When passing a potential customer one of these heavy weight whoppers, it makes the perfect lasting impression. Printed on uncoated card so they feel pretty special too.


It is replaced by the Honeywell Dolphin 9951.
The Dolphin 9551 mobile computer delivers unparalleled performance and value for all mobile data collection applications. Featuring a comfortable pistol-grip and an integrated laser scan engine, the Dolphin 9551 is useful for long-range scanning for long periods of time. The Dolphin 9551's lightweight, ergonomic, and rugged design provides the ease of use and operational reliability needed to excel in robust mobile applications such as package delivery, field service, route accounting, transportation, warehousing, retail, and industrial/manufacturing.
Pocket PC, 64MB RAM, wireless, 56 key keypad, 3.5" 1/4 VGA color display with industrial-grade touch panel display, Intel X-Scale PXA255 400 MHz. Includes Lithium Ion Battery, 32MB Flash, ALR Laser. Order cradle, cable, & power supply separately. See accessories.
Pocket PC, 64MB RAM, wireless, 56 key keypad, 3.5" 1/4 VGA color display with industrial-grade touch panel display, Intel X-Scale PXA255 400 MHz. Includes Lithium Ion Battery, 32 MB Flash, Long Range Scanner. Order cradle, cable, & power supply separately. See accessories.
Pocket PC, 64MB RAM, wireless, 56 key keypad, 3.5" 1/4 VGA color display with industrial-grade touch panel display, Intel X-Scale PXA255 400 MHz. Includes Lithium Ion Battery, 32MB Flash, HP Laser. Order cradle, cable, & power supply separately. See accessories.
Pocket PC, 64MB RAM, wireless, 43 key keypad, 3.5" 1/4 VGA color display with industrial-grade touch panel display, Intel X-Scale PXA255 400 MHz. Includes Lithium Ion Battery, 32MB Flash, ALR Laser, Bluetooth. Order cradle, cable, & power supply separately. See accessories.
Pocket PC, 64MB RAM, wireless, 56 key keypad, 3.5" 1/4 VGA color display with industrial-grade touch panel display, Intel X-Scale PXA255 400 MHz. Includes Lithium Ion Battery, 32MB Flash, Long Range Laser, Bluetooth. Order cradle, cable, & power supply separately. See accessories.
Pocket PC, 64MB RAM, wireless, 35 key keypad, 3.5" 1/4 VGA color display with industrial-grade touch panel display, Intel X-Scale PXA255 400 MHz. Includes Lithium Ion Battery, 32MB Flash, Long Range Laser, Bluetooth. Order cradle, cable, & power supply separately. See accessories.
Pocket PC, 64MB RAM, wireless, 56 key keypad, 3.5" 1/4 VGA color display with industrial-grade touch panel display, Intel X-Scale PXA255 400 MHz. Includes Lithium Ion Battery, 32MB Flash, ALR Laser, Terminal Emulation WNVT 100/200 Direct Connect Client. Order cradle, cable, & power supply separately. See accessories.


The Elte Fuveszkert botanical garden is located in the 8th district relatively close to the city center. The Elte is one of the famous universities of Budapest with many faculties. It is interesting that this place is mentioned in a popular novel as well, as the place serves for playing the kids at that time.
Although the entrance of the ELTE Fuveszkert botanical garden doesn't look very impressive, this is a quite nice place to visit. One or the family easily can spend a two-three hours here. The entrance fee is moderate in Budapest terms. ELTE who is in charge of the facility is one of the top Universities in Budapest. This is why some student looking gardeners appear in the garden in weekdays. What we can see here ?
A three hectare are in Hungary for a botanical garden doesn't seem big, but it is surprising how many thing can be presented here.
The "Top secret" Wollemi pine Wollemia nobilis – one of the most ancient tree in the World. The oldest fossil of the Wollemi tree has been dated to 200 million years ago. This particular tree specie has been invented in 1994 in New South Wales in a temperate rainforest wilderness area.


This question has been around for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. The argument has often been stated as follows: if God is a good and loving God, while also being omnipotent and omniscient, then why do bad things happen? If God loves God's people, then God should protect them…at least that is the way many people approach this question.
And yet, is it as simple as all of that? Harold Kushner had this response to this question in his book by the same title.
As you read Kushner's response, it is clear that Kushner does believe that God is loving. However, Kushner will not acknowledge that God "causes" all things to happen. Instead, there are many different reasons why things may happen to people, not the least of which is that we live in a sinful and fallen world.
As I look at the ways in which the Bible deals with this issue, I take great comfort in the Psalms. The Psalms regularly lift up the ways in which God's people cry out to God, plead with God for assistance, and even lash out at God in anger. Throughout all of these conversations with God, God is seen to listen and respond to the cries and concerns of people.
In the Gospels, we often see Jesus coming across people who suffer and cry out to him for assistance. In these instances, Jesus stops and offers healing, forgiveness, and acceptance. In the midst of our need and suffering, we too can cry out, and Jesus will hear us.
At the same time, it seems as if the Bible is telling us that there are times when God does not assist people in the way that they desired or on their timetable. At the end of the Book of Job, Job had finally had enough suffering in his life and criticized God. In response, God reminded Job that God was God, and Job was not…"Where were you, Job, when I was creating the earth?" When we are struggling, it is often hard for us to see the ways in which God IS answering, the ways in which God IS working in our lives and the world.
Despite all the bad things that may occur in this world, we do not face them alone. While God does not always soar in on a magic carpet to fix the problems that we experience, God does not leave us to face them alone.
On a personal note, as I have journeyed with my mother over these months in Hospice, we have not been alone. Not only have I been strengthened by God through prayer and reading Scripture, I have also been encouraged and supported by the body of Christ – my fellow brothers and sisters in Christ who minister to my mother and me. We are NOT alone. We are NOT abandoned. God is acting and responding to our prayers, it may simply be in a different way than we expect.
What are your thoughts? What are your reflections? What has been your experience with God's presence or absence in your walk of faith?
Several years ago, too sick to pray for myself, I received comfort and peace from God through the prayers of others. I was aware of this and truly not alone!
Thank you for sharing this response….You are so true. There is incredible power and peace in the Communion of Saints, our brothers and sisters in Christ lifting us up in prayer. Through them, God gives us the peace and strength to press through those times.
I do believe everything happens for a reason. I embrace every hard time & struggle in my life because through them I now have a personal relationship with Jesus.
Looking at the hard times through the rear view mirror, I see God's hand so much more clearly.


What is the great mystery which for ages past was kept hidden but now has been revealed? What is this cosmic mystery that Apostle Paul sets up with such lofty, broad words? Apostle Paul crescendos to this climax, and the grand answer that he gives is v.6 — that the church unites Gentiles and Israel, members together with one body. And God's intent was that "now, through the church, the manifold wisdom of God should be made known" (v.10). The church is that great cosmic mystery. During my lone-ranger days, I had no idea how important the church was supposed to be. I had just assumed that the church was an accessory to Christian life, something that I can tack on or buy into if I saw the need. But that's not the vision of the church that God has. The church is God's idea, and it's the climax of history of mankind, the vessel through which the gospel will be spread to the world before the Second Coming of Christ. The church is IT. It's not some poor second-rate club; it's not a man-made institution that was thought up in our own heads, because we happened to think that it was a good idea to gather Christians together. I still remember the revelation that came into my heart and mind when I realized this cosmic calling of the church. It really was like a "mystery" that was revealed to me. I had been living my Christian life in such an impoverished way by going it alone. The gospel message wasn't supposed to be just a message in a bullet point format — it is supposed to be embodied in the church.
As I remember back to my lone-ranger days, I can trace back my dismissal of the church to a few incidents of disappointments with the church, especially the hypocrisy that I saw. It was the disappointment that came from seeing that the church was no different from the world. The preacher could say all he wanted about how the church is supposed to be the light in the darkness, a city on a hill, how it's not supposed to be some kind of a social club. But what I saw in the parking lots, what I saw in the fellowship halls of some of the churches, what I heard in the living room conversations after the worship services — they all pointed to the fact that the church was nothing more than an hour-per-week social club. Having been disappointed, I did the typical teenager thing — I took the high road and said "forget this!" But now that I see that the church is really God's plan for the world, I can see my cynicism was altogether inappropriate and exceedingly proud.
Now, I find myself in our church where I learned about this grand calling of the church, and I find myself in the midst of people who are actually trying to live out this grand calling. Our church is not the only one, but from my experience, I know it's rare to have a church that has the proper self-understanding to be the cosmic body of Christ. I need to really treasure that. Before immersing myself in the church, my experience of God, my experience of spiritual struggle, of obedience to God, etc.. They had all been mostly in the abstract. But within the body of Christ, I got to experience God in such concrete ways that I didn't know was possible. God's love, God's admonition, God's forgiveness — all these I have experienced so concretely through the church. I didn't know that my relationship with God could be this embodied, this dynamic, this exciting. I need to understand this and embody this "mystery", so that the future generations can also embrace this mystery and fulfill God's intent for them.
That means that I need to invest into the body of Christ. I need to invest my time and energy into the church. That means the church is more important than any company. It's more important than any educational institution. Companies and schools are not God's mysteries made known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly realms. It's sad to see Christians who would acknowledge all this in their heads, but when it comes down to it, they think it's so strange if someone moves to another city to plant a church whereas it's perfectly understandable to do that for a company or school. But the biblical truth is that the church has a high calling, and I need to embrace God's vision for the church and do what I can to make that vision a reality in my life. I might not be able to make a difference in all the churches in the world, but I can obey God where I am, so that my church can become the church as God intended.
What is God's intent for the church?
God's intent for the church was that His plan of salvation for all people, both Jew and Gentile, would be made known to everyone. This plan was previously a mystery, not revealed even to the prophets. But through Christ, God revealed his plan of salvation for all people, the basis for unity for all people in the cross. The role of the church is now to make known the wisdom of God, this great mystery that was hidden from the fall of man all the way to the cross. The church is entrusted with spreading the most important news of all time, God's master plan of salvation for everyone.
How actively am I fulfilling God's intent for the church through my life?
As one entrusted with a task and responsibility as important as God's plan of salvation, there is nothing that I can allow to stand in the way of fulfilling God's plan. As I recently went to Uzbekistan and saw some of the Christians there, I was so challenged to see how they faithfully serve God despite huge obstacles and suffering in their lives. One brother leads a church, a rehabilitation center, and works a full-time job to support his family. I met several women who faithfully serve at an orphanage, doing the physically and emotionally difficult work of caring for and loving many disabled children in the midst of their own personal tragedies and pains (e.g., one woman's baby daughter recently died when a doctor cut open her throat to remove a chicken bone). In general, the Christians there have to be constantly wary about a government that is increasingly cracking down on churches and fining and arresting Christians. They endure all this and still remain faithful to God's work because the gospel is that glorious. It's this same awesome plan of salvation which motivated our church to start three new church plants this summer.
And it's the same plan of salvation that I get to participate in and which deserves all of my strength, energy, and time. As I look to another year of college freshmen ministry in the fall and another year of meeting people at the dining commons, playing ultimate Frisbee several times a week, taking students on trips to SF, etc. I am reminded by this DT passage that I do this all because God's plan of salvation is so awesome and I have been so blessed to know this plan and be a part of it. It's worth everything I can give, and so many Christians throughout the world are giving so much more for the sake of fulfilling God's great purpose for the church.


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News > U.S.
The New Coronavirus Does Not Depend on Seasons, WHO Recalls
A homeless person sleeps on the street, Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 28, 2020. | Photo: EFE
Unlike the flu virus, the SARS-CoV-2 can survive in various weather conditions.
The World Health Organization (WHO) said the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is not activated with the winter's cold as seasonal flu or deactivated with heat.
WHO Reconvenes Emergency Committee After COVID-19 Upsurge
As evidenced by the high temperatures in the United States and Brazil, six months of the COVID-19 pandemic show that "the season does not affect the transmission of this virus."
What does influence its transmission are large gatherings, disrespect for social distance, and the absence of complementary precautions.
"There seems to be a fixed idea that the virus is seasonal, but there are a lot of infected persons in the U.S. in the summer, or in Brazil, the Philippines and other equatorial countries with high temperatures," the WHO spokeswoman Margaret Harris said.
She insisted that this new coronavirus behaves differently than other viruses causing respiratory conditions which are usually seasonal and their ability to transmit from one person to another is intensified in cold conditions.
In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 does not proceed in the same way as "it likes all climates and jumps from one person to another simply when they are around."
The epicenter of the pandemic is in South America, a region which is in the dead of winter. This creates the possibility that the new coronavirus and the influenza virus can circulate at the same time, which could lead to confusion.
Health experts from around the world today endorsed the use of well-made #reusable #masks or gloves that are properly sanitized in order to protect the environment from pollution as well as our communities from the global #COVID-19 pandemic.
>> https://t.co/WM2XqrzdAA pic.twitter.com/PcohuV9J5H
— Greenpeace Canada (@GreenpeaceCA) July 28, 2020
In this regard, Harris noted that the WHO is attentive to the situation in the southern hemisphere and to the results of influenza and COVID-19 tests that are being carried out.
"At the moment, while we are seeing high levels of COVID, we are not seeing high levels of influenza. So in the southern hemisphere, we expect a backward flu season," she explained.
The spokesperson acknowledged that it would be worrying to have a high prevalence of influenza and COVID-19 simultaneously because this would put tremendous pressure on health systems.
"This is why we recommend that everyone be vaccinated against the flu, to at least limit exposure to that virus," Harris said.
On Friday, the WHO scientific area director Soumya Swaminathan stated that three vaccines are in the clinical trial phase. This means that they will be tested with thousands of people to establish their level of safety and effectiveness. The results will be known in six months.
The U.S. epidemiologist Anthony Fauci, however, said the results of the vaccine developed by Moderna company could be ready before the November elections.
U.S. Brazil COVID-19 WHO
Margaret Harris Anthony Fauci
by teleSUR/ JF
WHO Reaches Hepatitis B Vaccination Milestone
Cuba Receives Group of Doctors Who Faced COVID-19 in Mexico
WHO Warns About COVID-19 Impact on Latam Indigenous Communities
Democratic Republic Of Congo: WHO Reports A New Ebola Outbreak


To date, we have explored the role and expectations of directors from the perspectives of proxy advisory firms (March 2017), Directors (April 2017), West Coast Investors (June 2017), East Coast Investors (September 2017) and Hedge Funds (November 2017). Hosted in collaboration with the Weinberg Center for Corporate Governance at the University of Delaware, in this next session we look to prominent judges and attorneys in Delaware corporate law to share their ideas.
Attendance is by invite-only, open to The Conference Board Governance Center members and invited guests of the Weinberg Center.
Attendees can earn up to 3 CLE (Delaware) Credits.
Application for CLE (New York State) Credits is currently pending.
Attendees can earn up to 3.5 CPE (NASBA) Credits.


While we all love going on vacation, facing the airport and sometimes a long flight ahead can be stressful. Lines upon lines, slow people, fast people, people breaking the rules, people following the rules to a T, delays, cancellations and extra charges – it all adds up. It is enough to persuade some people to shy away from air travel and stay close. Literally, I know people who do not fly because of the stress and choose to spend their vacation within driving distance of their home. That is swell for them, staycations are great too, but what about those of us who need to get away – faaaaaar away?
I fall in to that category. Do you? I've got you covered, then. After flying domestically and international multiple times a year over the past few years Mike and I have discovered there are a few tricks and tips – travel hacks if you will – that have saved us time, head aches, discomfort and dirty looks from others!
You will notice that half of these travel hacks happen prior to leaving your house. This means that your planning and preparation will lead to a better travel day. You will be cool, calm and collected knowing that you are prepared.
Pack your toiletries at the top of your carry-on bag. This way, they are easily accessible when you get to the bag scanners. If you are the person digging around or unpacking your entire suitcase to place your toiletries in a bin at the security check point I will give you a dirty look. I promise. I recommend packing your toiletries in your carry-on for a two reasons. One, it is nice to be able to freshen up some after a long flight. And two, worst case scenario and your flight is delayed or cancelled and you find yourself at the airport over night, you know have your deodorant, tooth brush, contact solution, etc. Having even some of your most necessary toiletries can make travel day snafus much better.
Dress comfortably and always wear slide on/off shoes. I do not care if it's cold outside, wear shoes that you can take on and off without a shoe horn or lacing up a million times. Again, dirty looks will happen if you are that person holding up the security line because you just had to wear those thigh-high, lace-up boots.
Find the most obnoxious ribbon and tie a big bow on your suitcase. I have black luggage. I am just not a flashy girl, so the idea of buying hot pink bags is not appealing to me. But, my Plain Jane suitcase does have a big red bow on it. There is no mistaking it.
Pack a sweatshirt. Even if your final destination is warm, your sweater or hoodie or fleece or whatever you pack can keep you warm on a cold flight or pull double duty and act as a pillow. Being "comfortable" always helps me feel relaxed. If I am cold, or hot, I get aggravated easily. Be prepared for cold temperatures on flights and in the airport.
Pack protein bars, trail mix and a few pieces of fruit (if you are flying domestically). There is nothing worse than me getting hungry while stressed. It is not pretty. If you know the meaning of "hangry" you will be glad you packed some snacks in your bag before you left. So, save yourself the money, and calories, and pack yourself some healthy snacks before you leave your house.
Pull up your boarding pass on your smart phone. Do not waste a piece of paper or risk forgetting your boarding flight on your kitchen counter. Instead, download your air carrier's app and keep your boarding pass handy. It's fast and efficient and so 2015!
Blow up your inflatable neck pillow. If you did not like #5, or you just really love your neck pillow, this one is for you. Invest in an inflatable version. These babies will save room in your bags because you can deflate them upon arrival. However, blow up your pillow while waiting for your flight. Do not wait until you are stupid close to your neighbor while sitting on the plane. I feel like a dirty look is warranted here too if you sit there huffing and puffing in my ear for ten minutes while you blow up your pillow. Sorry.
No I am not. It's the truth.
Offer to get bumped. Michael and I have received flight vouchers because we voluntarily give up our seat on our scheduled flight, hang out at the airport for a few hours and take a later flight. And hey, because you have your toiletries packed in your carry-on with you, who cares if you have to spend a few more hours at the airport? Be cautious when volunteering to give up your seat. It is not always an option, but if it is – take it! Getting "free" money always brightens my day!
Pay to Get In. If you find yourself at the airport longer because you got bumped and received a voucher, consider paying to get in to lounges and clubs in the terminals that some airlines have for their customers. It is free for those with a certain status with the company. But, did you know you can pay a fee to take advantage of these amenities? If you have a long layover or a flight delay, consider paying to be comfortable. Lounges offer bigger, better, softer chairs, better (sometimes free) food and drink, cleaner bathrooms, and even showers (showers!!). My aim with this post is to help travel days less stressful – this is a very good way to make your travel day better!
Ask the flight attendant to fill your reusable bottle with water. I know a lot of people say you should do this at the airport, but water fountains skeeve me out! Am I alone here? Plus, you now have saved $3 on a bottle of water in the terminal. You're welcome.
Use baby wipes to sanitize your seat tray. I am really not a germ-a-phob. I actually cringe when I see people wiping things down. I think to myself "Get over it!" They're germs. But, I like baby wipes because A.)they take off my make up and keep my face clean and B.) they clean surfaces around me. So, since they are already packed in my carry-on, I live on the wild side and clean my seat tray. And yes, people have given me dirty looks for doing this, but they have also asked to borrow a wipe. So there!
Status does matter when renting a car. If you are renting a car sign up for the company's preferred, or elite or gold or whatever-they-call-it membership. The perks are worth it. Depending on the company you can bypass other waiting customers in line for fast check-out services, bypass lines altogether and walk straight up to your rental car and have the keys waiting for you in the car, free roadside help and free car upgrades when available.. It makes you feel like a rock star and alleviates waiting in another line when you can walk straight to your rental car and go! Besides, after traveling all day, who wants to wait in yet another line. It pays to have status sometimes!
What a high status with a rental car company can get you!
Traveling can be stressful, but there are ways to save time, headaches, money and dirty looks. Use some of these travel hacks to provide some relief on those long, sometimes tedious and tiresome travel days.
This entry was posted in Travel More on June 22, 2015 by Wife with Baggage.


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Alexei Alexejewitsch Murawljow (; * 2. Mai 1924 in Tiflis, Georgische SSR) ist ein russisch-georgischer Komponist.

Leben
Alexei Alexejewitsch Murawljow ist der Sohn der Komponistin und Sängerin Jewgenija Wjatscheslawowna, die am Konservatorium in Tiflis studierte, und eines Bauingenieurs. Bereits während seiner Kindheit beschäftigte er sich mit Musik und erlernte das Piano. Als Begabtenschüler durfte er bereits 1932 im Alter von acht Jahren am Sankt Petersburger Konservatorium studieren. Ab 1938 begann er vollständig am selben Konservatorium zu studieren. Später studierte er noch in Moskau und Kiew Orchestrierung und Komposition.

Seit Anfang der 1950er Jahre komponierte Murawljow Musik für Filme wie Aladins Wunderlampe, Anthrazit und Wassili und Wassilissa, wobei er dabei mit Filmregisseuren wie Boris Ryzarew, Alexander Surin und Irina Poplawskaja zusammenarbeitete.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1957: Der weiße Pudel (Белый пудель)
 1958: Eine wunderbare, ungewöhnliche Geschichte (Удивительная история, похожая на сказку)
 1959: Verschlossene Lippen (Муму)
 1963: 49 Tage (49 дней)
 1964: Eine wahre Geschichte (Непридуманная история)
 1965: Aljoschas Jagd (Алёшкина охота)
 1967: Aladins Wunderlampe (Волшебная лампа Аладдина)
 1968: Der Fall Boris Sawinkow (Крах)
 1968: Die Ballade vom Kommissar (Баллада о комиссаре)
 1972: Anthrazit (Антрацит)
 1974: Die Flamme (Пламя)
 1977: Die schwarze Birke (Чёрная берёза)
 1981: Wassili und Wassilissa (Василий и Василиса)
 1983: Die Abenteuer des großen Reisenden Semjon Deshnow (Семён Дежнёв)
 1991: Das scharlachrote Blümchen (Сказка о купеческой дочери и таинственном цветке)

Auszeichnungen
 1950: Stalinpreis für Sinfonie-Ballade Azov-Berg
 2005: Orden der Ehre (Russland)
 2014: Orden der Freundschaft

Weblinks

Komponist (Russland)
Komponist (Georgien)
Filmkomponist
Träger des Ordens der Freundschaft
Träger des Stalinpreises
Träger des russischen Ordens der Ehre
Absolvent des Sankt Petersburger Konservatoriums
Absolvent des Moskauer Konservatoriums
Hochschullehrer (Gnessin-Institut Moskau)
Sowjetbürger
Russe
Georgier
Geboren 1924
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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