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Case of the Day: TracFone Wireless v. Doe
The case of the day TracFone Wireless, Inc. v. Doe (S.D. Fla. 2011), is one of those rare cases that is so wrong that I hope it does not get into the F. Supp.2d, so as to avoid misleading lawyers.
First, a summary of the case. Tracfone filed a John Doe complaint against unknown defendants supposedly engaged in "an illegal scheme relating to the sale of TracFone mobile telephone airtime." Its initial discovery efforts gave it reason to believe that one of the John Doe defendants had a bank account with TD Bank. TracFone served a subpoena on TD Bank, but the bank asserted that since it was a Canadian entity, it had to be served in Canada rather than at a US branch. The plaintiff effectively conceded the point and asked the judge to authorize service of the subpoena by international express mail pursuant to Article 10 of the Hague Service Convention. The judge held, first, that Article 10(a) permitted service by mail , second, that Canada had not objected to service by mail, and third, that it was proper to serve the subpoena by mail.
The first holding is correct. I have previously argued that while a minority of American courts have taken the position that the Hague Service Convention does not authorize service of process by mail, the State Department, the Hague Conference, the better-reasoned opinions, and state practice around the world all show that in fact Article 10(a) should be read to apply to service of process as well as service of other judicial and extrajudicial documents.
The second holding is also correct, or at least I think it is correct from a US perspective, but see the discussion I had with Antonin Pribetic, a Canadian lawyer, on the issue of service by mail in Canada.
But the third holding is out in left field. Leave aside the Hague Service Convention issues, and leave aside the question whether it is proper to serve a subpoena by mail. Under Rule 45(b)(2), a subpoena may be served only: (A) within the court's district; (B) within 100 miles of the place specified for the deposition or the production of documents; (C) elsewhere within the state where the issuing court sits; or (D) at any other place "that the court authorizes on motion and for good cause, if a federal statute so provides. The subpoena TracFone proposed to serve was to issue from the US District Court for the Southern District of Florida, was to be served on TD Bank in Toronto, and commanded production of documents in Miami. It does not come within any of the prongs of Rule 45(b)(2). There is a statute that authorizes service of subpoenas abroad on nationals or residents of the United States, but only if "it is not possible to obtain his testimony in admissible form without his personal appearance or to obtain the production of the document or other thing in any other manner." It does not seem that TD Bank could even arguably be considered a national or resident of the United States, and because, as we will see in a moment, there is another way to get at the records, TD Bank could not make the required showing of impossibility. So leaving aside any international law issues, the law of the forum does not permit the court in Miami to issue a subpoena to a witness in Toronto.
I will add that while some cases do suggest that it is possible to serve a subpoena by mail, Rule 45(b)(1) requires "delivering a copy [of the subpoena] to the named person." Most courts hold that this requires personal delivery. But since there is a split of authority on this issue, I can't say the judge was outright wrong on this point.
The correct way to proceed is by letter rogatory, as Canada is not a party to the Hague Evidence Convention. But the even simpler thing to do, it seems to me, would have been to argue that service on one of TD Bank's many branches in Miami was sufficient. In any event, it is clear that the judge was wrong to authorize service of a subpoena by mail to Canada, even if nothing in the Hague Service Convention prohibits it. You have to consider the law of the forum as well as the Convention when working through issues like this.
Tagged: Canada, Hague Service Convention, service by mail, subpoena
Antonin I. Pribetic says:
Excellent post. How the plaintiff will enforce the Florida court's order permitting service of the subpoena and production of TD Bank's records in Canada is the ultimate question. The Supreme Court of Canada in Pro Swing Inc. v. Elta Golf Inc. held that non-monetary foreign judgments (declaratory, injunctive) may now be enforced in Canada. However, the preferred procedural route is by letters rogatory. As you point out, the plaintiff should have obtained letters rogatory (letter of request) instead, or and alternative service at one of the many TD branches in Miami.
Parenthetically, under the Ontario Rules of Civil Procedure, service of a subpoena (summons to witness) on either an Ontario resident or by inter-provincial subpoena, must be made personally and not by an alternative to personal service, such as regular mail, international registered mail, email or fax.
"As you point out, the plaintiff should have obtained letters rogatory (letter of request) instead, or and alternative service at one of the many TD branches in Miami."
Right, except service at a branch in Miami wouldn't have been "alternative service." It's simply the ordinary way you serve a big national (or international) bank. If I want records from Bank of America, I send a subpoena to its main office in Boston; I don't bother with a commission and subpoena in North Carolina!
Case of the Day: Tracfone Wireless, Inc. v. Bitton | Letters Blogatory
The Curse of TracFone | Letters Blogatory
Tracfone Case Rightly Decided | | Letters Blogatory
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Tip of the Iceburg | The King's Rooms 1st am- Xmas 1677
By Defiance,
January 8, 2018 in Christmastide 1777
The King's Apartment or Kings Lodgings was an entire wing of rooms, kitchens and withdrawing rooms that suited many people, and to which all of the nobility had access. It was also, ironically, the Kings most private place. To guard what little was left of that Charles Rex had ordered that none may enter past the Presence room without his personal permission, save for those he considered family. Even the Life Guard on duty is only allowed into the anteroom just inside from the Presence chamber, leaving the King some modicum of privacy and peace in most of his apartments. The more inner rooms are attended by ushers, grooms, and gentlemen of the household, equally for the King's security, company, and service.
Well appointed, the ceilings covered in symbolic paintings by various Baroque painters (though not so well endowed as Windsor Castle had been) signaled that Charles was lord and master of his realm, Justice incarnate, subjecting Rebellion. In fact, most of his rooms were still in the style of his father, featuring Charles I and James I.
The King had been awake some hours, appreciating the glisten the sun gave the ice and snow that clung to everything. His walk had been long, and he had gone an atypical route, needing at least some quiet on a day that would be long and tedious from the afternoon onward. Receiving presents formally, for hours, was a duty of being monarch that should be gratifying but truly was not. In the very least. The throne was far from his preferred place. A state evening of formality, sitting captive, even if being gifted, was a draining thought.
He sighed and then smiled a bit. At least his morning and early afternoon would be entertaining. Basildon was due with the two Hill boys before long. Young people always amused him. Interacting with them made him feel younger and filled him with a ghost of the feelings of childhood. Feelings that were impossible to have once king. He, too, had once played, did stupid things, been awed by impressive men, other princes, his father. He had once been awkwardly quiet. He had even burned his eyebrows off. And when he was a child, he very distinctly remembered the frantic fears of him being kidnapped, and of moving places, being apart from his siblings.
The audience with the Hill boys, then, was something of a thing to look forward to on those merits and sympathies alone. Beyond that, there was interest in how other things would play out with the more impressive pieces of the game.
After that would be the spectacle of watching his court fly off sleds into snow and other pleasures that the sledding contests would be.
He tried to think of those things, instead of the evening of presents, as he looked out the window in a parlour, waiting for one of his household to tell him Basildon had arrived.
Meanwhile, at Basildon's house Trevor and Arthur were nearly dressed. The eldest had been quite at ease with sending all sorts of notes to get their things from schools, and beyond that had gotten them new hats, lace, and stockings. Thankfully, Arthur had grabbed the signet ring of his brother from Danby's room whilst Basildon had kept his attention. He truly had packed their things, all of them that were important. That most of all. Trevor clearly had not one worry with using it, although Basildon might have wondered of all the boxes and the arrival of their trunks.
Trevor had not even wondered if the earl might think they had put it on his accounts. The thought had not crossed his mind.
Louis Killington
Basildon did wonder about the appearance of the trunks. At first he thought them to be late arriving New Year's gifts that he had ordered. Failing that, he wondered if Nicci had another shopping binge. When made aware that it was the boys' purchases, he marveled at the speed at which they moved; but then, they had a meeting with the King and one needed appropriate attire. It was a note in Trevor's favor.
Before leaving for the palace, Louis had made sure to have Thomas get the darkie children dressed for their presentation to the King and Queen. They were to be made as presents later in the day.
Having toyed with the notion of influencing Trevor to express a favorable view of Norfolk when asked, Louis opted against it, not wanting the King to think he had put his finger on the scale. It was only 100 pounds after all. If the King attempted to influence the boys, then it would be He that would suffer whatever guilt a monarch might feel for manipulating a victory. Instead, Basildon saw to the boy's attire after finishing his own. He had chosen green velvet with golden brocade. Green was the color of new things and it was a new year after all. In the coach, Basildon sought to engage the boys to speak more about the courtiers they knew at court, hoping to learn more about Norfolk and Ibracken's involvement.
"Remember lads," he jogged their memory "I never said the King sent me. Rather, I let Danby draw whatever conclusions that he might." He dared not try and color much more of Arthur's memory. They went straight to the royal apartments.
Basildon would learn that the Duke of Norfolk was close with both their father and grandfather. He had the word about them whilst they were at school and their grandfather was away. Basildon might guess that their father did not oft leave Ireland. The reason was not for being in disfavor, clearly, or the King would never let even a distant cousin marry the boy.
They both spent much time with Lord Ibracken and Lord Thomond, another long family association.
Nothing else of much note was revealed. Trevor seemed more guarded in his thoughts but after everything that was likely to be expected.
Arthur nodded complacently as Basildon reminded him of what had happened. To be honest, it mattered very little how they had been rescued, only that they had. He was more boy than Trevor.
Their walk through the palace to the king's apartments drew more overt wonder from the younger of the two, Trevor seemed to want to be the more reserved. After what had happened, he likely wished to not be seen as a stupid child.
They were announced to a comfortable side room with a vigorous fire. His Majesty had moved from the window and was now sitting comfortably in a high-backed chair. He did not wish to intimidate the boys. Then they would not be very entertaining for being scared.
It was an enjoyable morning to be sure. The procession was informative and there was a certain amount of pleasure that an adult took when viewing something as spectacular as Whitehall through the eyes of a child. It made Louis ponder the future and look forward to the day that he brought his son to the palace to meet the King.
"Your Majesty," Basildon greeted the king exuberantly and then bowed deeply. "May I have the pleasure to introduce Master Trevor Hill and his brother Master Arthur Hill? Both were rescued from the clutches of villainy, as I relayed. Gentlemen, may I present the His Majesty, the King of England, Ireland and Scotland? You have been honored by the fact that he has taken in interest in your adventure as well as your well-being."
The king had to fight a laugh at "the clutches of villainy." Instead, he noted the boys looked none the worse for wear, although a night or two at ease might have done much to improve their situation.
They bowed so deeply it could have hurt his neck to look down that far.
It was strange to meet the boy who was to marry his cousin's child in such a way, but he had stranger experiences surely. Strange for a man and a king, so little surprised him.
"Lord Basildon is a well-known hunter of villainy, so you gentlemen are quite lucky on all accounts," the king said, attempting to put them at some ease.
"Your grandfather is gone on our service so it is our duty to show interest, especially as we shall be cousins."
Charles Rex was well-known for being friendly and kind, but not many knew him as he truly was. There was a shrewd streak that was the undertow of many of his actions and words.
"Before we speak of what has happened, other than placing you back with those who have been searching for you, what might be done for you to undo this madness that has been inflicted?"
One could tell a lot by what was asked in such circumstances.
Arthur looked at Trevor.
Trevor was silent for a moment as he thought, and then he said, "If Your Majesty might intervene over these allegations with our father...I think what Lord Danby might have been about is a much larger matter and he a victim of it too."
There was a point scored by the boy for intelligence and love of his father. At that age, he was old enough and smart enough to ask for something more selfish.
Beyond that, "A larger matter?"
Trevor nodded, "I do not understand it all, but we heard and saw many meetings and letters. There is more there, I think."
"Nefarious things," Arthur added, with a nod.
It was best to watch quietly and learn what one could. If Trevor was already betrothed, it would be news to Basildon. He too thought Trevor seemed mature for his age. He did not seem frightened or daunted by being in the company of his king. Perhaps Louis would learn more about Danby's plan from the lads.
"It sounds as though there is more villainy for me to hunt," he added with a lighter touch to encourage further disclosure from Trevor and Arthur about these nefarious meetings.
Trevor and Arthur had spent much time away from the coddling of their mother and fondness of their father. Trevor was at the age where youth began and had no duties in his life other than lesson after lesson after lesson on every manner of thing. Like any good English gentleman, he could hide his feelings some.
Danby had done much to adjust what things Trevor might fear. That was not to say the boy was not nervous, but he had a little advance to think of what this might entail.
Arthur was more mesmerized and barely moved.
"It does sound so, Basildon," the king replied. The dark eyes of the king gave Basildon a once over before he said, "What you might not know, my lord, is that Lord Ibracken and his lady wife, my dear Kat Stuart, were also close to Sir Joseph Williamson. Trevor is marrying their daughter. It is all very odd that it is these boys Danby chooses to take."
There was a bit of darkness to the king's tone. To abduct a child that was to one day marry his cousin's child, a fact Danby very well knew, was just as the boy put it. Nefarious. It was Irish matters that had implicated Williamson. It was Danby who had hastened to point fingers.
"Did Danby ever say anything of such business to you, my lord?" They had been allies after all. Basildon had been Danby's protege.
"I did not know that Majesty," Basildon replied sincerely. He had been so enmeshed in his own designs that he did not realize much of a connection between Ibracken and Kat Stuart. He did not know they had a daughter. "It makes Danby's actions all the more curious." The connection with Williamson was even more curious. The man had fallen and was in the Tower when last Louis had inquired.
It might seem that the King was not surprised that boys were snatched, only these boys. Yet, Basildon was amazed that Danby would stoop to kidnapping any boys.
"If he had spoken to me of such things, I would have thought him a looney. He did not."
"The Chief Minister of the King should be a man with influence, wealth, and contacts. Danby was always a clever man, else he would not have risen like he did. He was a man who knew he had many enemies. Surely he would have planned an escape, a redoubt, a palace in far lands. He would know that only your favor would keep him from the Tower and the Country Party Potentates in Parliament. Yet, he chose to live like a card cheat on the run, living menially with no servants and no friends." Louis was shaking his head in disbelief.
"He forgot the source of his power, which was your Majesty. Even if you had been forced to take action against him, he would have been safer under your watchful eye, than hiding in flea-infested hovels. You could have pardoned him," the Earl offered aloud.
"I would have laughed had he grabbed Shaftesbury's grandchildren. It would have been madness, but understandable perhaps. Kidnapping the Hill brothers, with their link to your dear cousin, would be ill-advised at best and self-immolation at worst." He was still shaking his head in disbelief.
"Either he has gone completely mad or their was something clever in his choice of Masters Trevor and Arthur. I am certain that I am missing a key fact. Perhaps he hoped their grandfather would give him asylum on the Continent; but, one does not garner favor by seizing one's grandchildren. He could have found asylum elsewhere on the Continent, but he seemed especially reluctant to leave England." After a further moment of thought, Basildon added "surely he did not think to use them as hostages against your Majesty's justice. It would have been simple enough for someone like me to walk in and arrest him, while liberating the lads."
There had been enough conjecture verbalized to see if the King might choose to enlighten Louis further. There were several missing pieces of the puzzle as far as he was concerned. A proper assessment could not be done without them.
The king exhaled his thoughts and said, "None of this makes very much sense at all, my lord. You are correct."
Those dark eyes rolled softly over the boys in question. They were well-trained not to interrupt, apparently.
"Unless there is something which would be worse and which taking you two might have prevented. Something which their father or grandfather knew, or perhaps even Ibracken or Thomond." There was a further hum of postulation before he added, "Something to do with Williamson, perhaps."
Few knew that one of the reasons the king had acted as he had toward Williamson was because his actions had implicated Kat & Ibracken (and by extension his own royal policy).
There was some sort of web there that was not obvious. Something they were missing.
"Danby was caught in two betrayals. To think what a third might be that would merit stealing off two boys."
The King seemed puzzled and Basildon wondered whether such was for show. Surely the King had the best perspective to know exactly what was occurring. Perhaps he was inclined to reveal nothing in front of the boys, or him.
"Williamson allegedly empowered some Irish Catholic lords with offices," the Earl noted aloud, watching for any hint that the official story was false. "Perhaps the boys were a card to play against the accuser or in support of the accused." It was the only thing that made sense in that moment. "He wanted to help Williamson and he needed Williamson's help in return." Surely the King's spymaster would be invaluable to a Chief Minister on the run. Perhaps the price of assistance involved bringing leverage to bear on certain well-connected Irish families that could disavow the charges of treason.
The hint of a third betrayal was a tasty morsel to consider. There were several candidates. "Or perhaps more than three," Louis suggested. "It depends how we count." In his mind, Louis had been betrayed, along with the King, the Hill family, Danby's young cousin, and maybe the kingdom itself.
"He did not have kind words for Sir Joseph that we heard, Your Majesty," Trevor revealed, looking between the king and Basildon.
His Majesty was still digesting all of the different words he had heard, coupled with recollecting many a conversation about happenings with all sort of courtier that might be related to this. None of his suppositions were very good; his mind was far more shrewd with intrigue than he wished most to know. It meant that he had to be careful what he said of the goings on in front of Basildon.
Useful did not mean trustworthy, for all Basildon's gallant actions. He had extricated the boys, which the king had wished.
"This must be pondered some, and we shall have your full recollection of the tale, but first let us settle where you shall be staying for it shan't be school." If there was value in the boys, Danby might not be the only one to attempt to snatch them if given the opportunity. "We cannot recall your grandfather now, but His Grace of Norfolk or Lord Ibracken have both been looking for you."
Arthur deferred entirely to Trevor, not even seeming to bother to think about the decision.
"We think either equally likely to treat you like princes," the king informed them with a grin. "Or you could stay with Lord Basildon, your rescuer."
Of course, the king had not offered that as an option in their bet. His smile curled more, and he turned te royal eye to observe Basildon's reaction.
It seemed to Basildon that the King was doing very little speaking. All of the supposition had been on his part, with nothing useful coming from the King. The most useful tidbit was from Trevor, which dispelled one of the Earl's theories. Sadly, there was no way to compel the King to reveal what he knew. It was most annoying. Perhaps the king was disinclined to speak the truth in front of the boys. So, there was hope that the king would open up later.
"So, he was not necessarily in league with the Northern Secretary then," Louis judged aloud. Turning to Trevor he asked "did he not reveal what part of England or Ireland he intended to visit? Surely he did not wish to skulk around London for months and years. There had to be a final destination in mind." He stopped to see what might be offered.
As for the boy's lodging, Louis had not been expecting the King to suggest his own home. There had been a time when he had pondered suggesting it, but had dismissed it because it would make little sense. The boys would be spies in his household. It would mean that their presence could undermine one of his plots. On the other hand, the King liked the boys, and they were well connected. It would give him a chance to know Norfolk and Ibracken better, opening up new circles. Further, in his paranoia, he was convinced that Buckingham and the King had spies in his house already.
"So, they are likely to be treated as princes by those unable to find them," Basildon observed aloud to the King before shifting his gaze to the boys. "Of course, the boys are welcome to stay with me, but they are unlikely to be coddled. No doubt I will be up for another adventure to solve mysteries, punish the wicked, and rescue the just." He gave a dramatic laugh for effect. "Master Trevor looked to be handy with a pistol. If he stayed with me, I might just recruit him into some other dangerous endeavor ... one that his mother would have never approved of."
It would be obvious to the King what he was doing. Louis knew what thoughts went through a lad's mind when he had tasted adventure. No lads worth knowing would want to go and be treated as helpless urchins in an overprotective home. No, Louis gambled that, on reflection, Trevor might fancy wielding a pistol in some future mission. He had offered the lad shooting lessons previously. Now it would be interesting to hear the decision.
Trevor looked back and forth between Lord Basildon and the king. The wheels in his head were clearly turning. Though young, he had lived in a country where far stranger and worse things happened than kidnapping, and he had spent most of his life with unending lessons.
The decision of where to stay was a rather large one. His choice would have ramifications. He would play favourites to choose between Norfolk and Ibracken, even if Norfolk was generally their guardian in London when their grandfather was away. Ibracken could equally in the same in Ireland when their father was away, and he was rather indefinitely away.
Whether it was that it was the king's suggestion, the adventurous suggestion, the practical suggestion, or any other number of possibilities, Trevor knew what he would say.
"We have gathered it is a busy time of events, Your Majesty, and it was quite tiresome to move here and there so much. For the remainder of the season, might we stay where we are since our things have arrived?" Then he added, "Plus, the ladies of the other two might fuss and give us no peace, and I shouldn't like that very much." Trevor needed his own space and a breath. His life had changed. He needed time to figure out how.
Arthur looked rather surprised. He looked up at Basildon for a moment and then looked forward again.
The King chuckled. It said something about a man how he handled children or youth. Basildon might be put to a different test. An amusement considering the rumor was Basildon challenged him in quantity of bastards.
"Then it shall be so. Lord Basildon is quite the capable host, and the only lady of the house shan't fuss over you too much," he added with another chuckle.
The Earl attributed the decision to his own manipulation, even though Trevor would have been wise to see that Basildon offered the risk of not offending either Norfolk or Ibracken. The lad had a future in politics no doubt.
"Your Majesty, Master Trevor is so adept that his luggage has already arrived at my house today. I am thinking of putting him in charge of all my travel," he jested. If only all baggage could be handled so adroitly.
"And so two shall be added to my household temporarily," Basildon announced in good humor. Their bet was a push. "In a few hours I shall be gifting your Majesties two unique members of the household." He planned to gift two well-outfitted young darkie slaves for the use and amusement of the King and Queen. "You shall see soon enough." Perhaps the King might think Louis meant to give him a pair of new hounds.
"Shall I tell milords Norfolk and Ibracken of the rescue and temporary lodging arrangements at Chapel tomorrow, or shall you?" He wished to commit no faux pas.
The king laughed at Basildon said he'd be gifting two household members as well.
"How very equitable!" On the inside he was tittering that Basildon could not give him two children, unless they were his bastards, and that was a hysterical thought considering nobody would gift him such a thing.
"Oh they are waiting just outside," the King said. "I shall tell them with the boys of the plans in due course. They are quite anxious to ascertain that the lads are as fit as they left. You may be spared the family dramas though, my lord. We shall arrange to have them back later this afternoon."
It seemed as though he was being dismissed. Perhaps the King wished to chat privately with the boys, or perhaps he wished to converse with the two lords privately.
"Very well Your Majesty. Feel free to embellish the story as you see fit with Norfolk and Ibracken. Either the boys were in no danger. or they were knee deep in it," he laughed with a lack of sincerity. "Lads I leave you in the best of care and I shall see you at home later today. I must ready for the gift-giving and the ball."
Basildon paused to see if there were any more queries. Failing that, he was prepared to withdraw.
"And I shall instruct them afterward not to say which, and that shall make things most interesting between Ibracken, Norfolk, and yourself," the King replied, with equal humor to the earl. Such banter was a good sign in the Merry Monarch, was it not?
"Good day, my lord," Trevor said for both boys as Basildon made to leave.
He then swallowed, looked at Arthur, and then looked back at the King. He seemed a bit more apprehensive now that they were to be left alone. That would put all the burden of talking on them, or rather him. Even for an educated and intelligent boy that was more daunting.


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This study uses National Student Clearinghouse data to look at student enrollment in any in-state or out-of-state, public or private college to compare Florida Tax Credit (FTC) students with demographically and academically similar students who remained in public schools.
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HomeBlogMarvelDisney India announces Marvel'...
Disney India announces Marvel's first-ever online marketplace
Disney India has announced its global Marvel online marketplace which will include over 40 subcategories, including, apparel, fashion accessories, collectables, consumer electronics,
home and living, fitness essentials, among others. As part of the launch, shopMarvel will feature over 500 unique Marvel-themed t-shirts by authorised licensees for fans to stock up on.
"Marvel is a pop culture phenomenon in India today and has become a lifestyle brand for the youth," Priya Nijhara, director, Disney Consumer Products, India, said.
Additionally, the company claimed that the online marketplace will also house collections from brands like Lego, Boat, Opium, The Souled Store, Super Hero Toy Store, among others. Moreover, shopMarvel will host exclusives created and sold by licensees such as the OnePlus 10T Marvel Edition Box.


· All activities require students to complete and return a YEPS registration format the beginning of term. Forms are available from the Yeps Office.
· EX2 is our new extended provision for young people aged 11 – 25 and takes placeevery Tuesday and Thursday 5.30pm – 8.30pm at Ysgol Llanhari. EX2 offers help,advice & support with life, careers and Jobs as well as some awesome freeactivities.
· For all offsite trips require the completion of a 4a off-site form which can beobtained from the YEPS Office.
· All activities are available hours for Welsh Bacc Students and YoungVolunteers. Please register your interest with the YEPS Team.
· Please Note: School to home transport service is no longeravailable. However the school is providing the use of the schoolminibus. Spaces are limited so need to be booked at the YEPS Office.


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Annotated CRF is a CRF(Case report form) in which variable names are written next the spaces provided to the investigator. Annotated CRF serves as a link between the raw data and the questions on the CRF. It is a valuable tool for the programmers and statisticians.
Question 17. What Do You Know About 21crf Part 11?
Question 18. What Are The Contents Of Ae Dataset? What Is Its Purpose? What Are The Variables In Adverse Event Datasets?
The adverse event data set contains the SUBJID, body system of the event, the preferred term for the event, event severity. The purpose of the AE dataset is to give a summary of the adverse event for all the patients in the treatment arms to aid in the inferential safety analysis of the drug.
Question 19. What Are The Contents Of Lab Data? What Is The Purpose Of Data Set?
Question 20. How Did You Do Data Cleaning? How Do You Change The Values In The Data On Your Own?
Question 21. Have You Created Crt's, If You Have, Tell Me What Have You Done In That?
Question 22. Have You Created Transport Files?
Question 23. Have You Ever Done Any Edit Check Programs In Your Project, If You Have, Tell Me What Do You Know About Edit Check Programs?
8. Extract data – LIBNAME.
9. SAS/STAT – PROC ANOVA, PROC REG.
Question 24. What Is Verification?
Question 25. What Is Program Validation?
Question 26. What Do You L Know About Iss And Ise, Have You Ever Produced These Reports?
Question 27. Roles And Responsibilities Programmer?
Clinical Study Team: Provide information on safety and efficacy findings, when required.Provide updates on safety and efficacy findings for periodic reporting. Study Statistician Draft ISS and ISE shell.Update shell, when appropriate.Analyze and report data in approved format, to meet periodic reporting requirements.
Question 28. Explain Types Of Clinical Trials Study You Come Across?
Single Blind Study When the patients are not aware of which treatment they receive. Double Blind Study When the patients and the investigator are unaware of the treatment group assigned. Triple Blind Study Triple blind study is when patients, investigator, and the project team are unaware of the treatments administered.
Question 29. Can You List The Variables In All The Domains?
PhysicalExam: Subject no, Exam date, Exam time, Visit number, Reason for exam, Body system, Abnormal (yes/no), Findings, Change from baseline (improvement, worsening, no change), Comments.
Question 30. Give Me The Example Of Edit Ckecks You Made In Your Programs?
Question 31. What Do You Feel About Hard Coding?
Question 32. How Do You Write A Test Plan?
Question 33. What Is The Difference Between Verification And Validation?
Question 34. What Is Proc Cdisc?
It is new SAS procedure that is available as a hotfix for SAS 8.2 version and comes as a part withSAS 9.1.3 version. PROC CDISC is a procedure that allows us to import (and export XML files that are compliant with the CDISC ODM version 1.2 schema. For more details refer SAS programming in the Pharmaceutical Industry text book.
Question 35. What Is Locf?
Pharmaceutical companies conduct longitudinalstudies on human subjects that often span several months. It is unrealistic to expect patients to keep every scheduled visit over such a long period of time.Despite every effort, patient data are not collected for some time points.
Eventually, these become missing values in a SAS data set later. For reporting purposes,the most recent previously available value is substituted for each missing visit. This is called the Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF).LOCF doesn't mean last SAS dataset observation carried forward.
It means last non-missing value carried forward. It is the values of individual measures that are the "observations" in this case. And if you have multiple variables containing these values then they will be carried forward independently.
Question 36. What Are Macro Libraries?
Macro libraries are the libraries, which stores all the macros required for developing TLG's of the clinical trial. These are very are necessary in controlling and managing the macros. With the help of a %INCLUDE statement; the stored macros in the macro library can be automatically called.
Question 37. Why Do You Use Ods?
ODS (Output Delivery System) normally used to make the output from the Tables, Listings and graphs looks pretty. ODS creates the outputs in html, pdf and rtf formats.
Question 38. What Are The Graphs You Created?
Question 39. How To Generate Statistics Using Proc Sql?
Yes, we can generate the statistics like N, Mean, Median, Max, Min, STD & SUM using PROC SQL. But SQL procedure cannot calculate all the above statistics by default, as it is the case with PROC MEANS.
Question 40. When To Use Proc Sql?
The SQL procedure supports almost all the functions available in the DATA step for the creation of data as well as the manipulation of the data. When we compare the same result, obtained from SQL and with the Data step, PROC SQL requires less code and, more importantly it requires less time to execute the code.
Question 41. Which Procedure Is Used To Create Reports?
Proc Report, proc Tabulate and Data _null_.
Question 42. What Is The Difference Between Stratum And By Statement In Proc Lifetest?
We specify a BY statement with PROC LIFETEST to obtain separate analyses on observations in groups defined by the BY variables.
Question 43. What Are The Advantages Of Using Sas In Clinical Data Management?
Less hardware is required and fewer personnel are required.
Question 44. Describe The Validation Procedure?
Question 45. Can You Get Some Value Of A Data Step Variable To Be Used In Any Other Program You Do Later In The Same Sas Session? How Do You Do That?
Use a macro… with a %PUT statement.
Question 46. What Would You Do If You Have To Access Previous Records Values In Current Record?
Question 47. What Is A P Value? Why Should U Calculate That? What Are The Procedures You Can Use For That?
If the p-value were greater than 0.05, you would say that the group of independent variables does not show a statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable, or that the group of independent variables does not reliably predict the dependent variable. Note that this is an overall significance test assessing whether the group of independent variables, when used together reliably predicts the dependent variable, and does not address the ability of any of the particular independent variables to predict the dependent variable. Using the PROC FREQ, PROC ANOVA, PROC GLM and PROC TTEST we cal calculate the p-value.
Question 48. What Do You Usually Do With Proc Life Test?
PROC LIFETEST is used to obtain Kaplan-Meier and life table survival estimates (and plots). Using a strata statement in Proc Lifetest, which compare survival estimates for different groups.
Question 49. Can You Get Survival Estimates With Any Other Procedures?
PROC LIFEREG and PROC PHREG can also be used to get the survival estimates along with PROC LIFETEST.
Question 50. How Did You Create Analyzed Data Sets?
Analysis datasets are nothing but the datasets that are used for the statistical analysis of the data. Analysis datasets contains the raw data and the variables derived from the raw data. Variables, which are derived for the raw data, are used to produce the TLG's of the clinical study.
The safety as well as efficacy endpoints (parameters) dictate the type of the datasets are required by the clinical study for generating the statistical reports of the TLG's. Sometimes the analysis datasets will have the variables not necessarily required to generate the statistical reports but sometimes they may required to generate the ad-hoc reports.


text:
Home Science Reports Reports and News Life Sciences
Model Identifies Targets for Eradication of Malaria and Rejects Re-Emergence Scenarios in Industrialised Countries
Scientists at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), in Portugal, have shown that Malaria eradication in Africa is sustainable, and any re-emergence of malaria in industrialized nations is highly unlikely. Working with colleagues in Kenya, the IGC researchers created a mathematical model of malaria transmission throughout sub-Saharan Africa, published in this week's PLoS ONE.
After several exposures to malaria, humans develop clinical immunity to the disease. In this state, they no longer have symptoms of malaria, but are nevertheless capable of transmitting the disease to others. In regions where malaria is endemic, many people have developed clinical immunity, and this has a large effect on how the disease spreads, that is, on its epidemiology.
Gabriela Gomes and her team at the Theoretical Epidemiology group developed a mathematical model which, for the first time, estimates the significance of asymptomatic infections in malaria transmission when looking at the distribution of the disease in different populations. They applied their model to data from hospital admissions of children with malaria, provided by researchers working in eight different regions in sub-Saharan Africa, where malaria is endemic.
The model shows that, contrary to what was previously thought, in regions of moderate transmission there is a threshold for malaria eradication, separating endemic and malaria-free states. Any intervention success depends critically on reducing occurrence of disease below this threshold, which the model predicts to be possible in areas of moderate transmission, which is the case for most of Africa.
... more about:
»Disease »Malaria »Transmission »endemic
Industrialised nations sit well below this threshold, in the malaria-free state, since the number of clinically immune people is extremely low, making any re-emergence of malaria in these countries highly improbable.
Ricardo Águas, first author of the paper, says, "This is a very powerful model, since it should allow us to determine quantifiable targets for reducing transmission of malaria (by providing mosquito nets, for example) and for fighting the disease (through mass- handing out of anti-malaria drugs), for a specific region."
Gabriela Gomes added, "Huge efforts are being put into fighting malaria in developing countries. Our model presents a very optimistic outlook for eradicating the disease in areas where it is moderately endemic, contrary to current thinking. We are now looking for research partners who may provide us with more clinical data, from more regions in Africa, which we could use to strengthen our model, and feed into effective eradication programmes."
Gabriela Gomes
Email: ggomes@igc.gulbenkian.pt
Citation: Águas R, White LJ, Snow RW, Gomes MGM (2008) Prospects for Malaria Eradication in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE 3(3): e1767. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001767
Rebecca Walton | alfa
http://www.plosone.org/doi/pone.0001767
Further reports about: > Disease > Malaria > Transmission > endemic
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text:
namespace base {

namespace internal {

// Utility class that keeps track of how many times particular tasks
// are run.
class TaskTracker : public RefCountedThreadSafe<TaskTracker> {
 public:
  TaskTracker();

  // Returns a closure that runs the given task and increments the run
  // count of |i| by one.  |task| may be null.  It is guaranteed that
  // only one task wrapped by a given tracker will be run at a time.
  Closure WrapTask(const Closure& task, int i);

  std::map<int, int> GetTaskRunCounts() const;

 private:
  friend class RefCountedThreadSafe<TaskTracker>;

  ~TaskTracker();

  void RunTask(const Closure& task, int i);

  mutable Lock task_run_counts_lock_;
  std::map<int, int> task_run_counts_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TaskTracker);
};

}  // namespace internal

template <typename TaskRunnerTestDelegate>
class TaskRunnerTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
  TaskRunnerTest() : task_tracker_(new internal::TaskTracker()) {}

  const scoped_refptr<internal::TaskTracker> task_tracker_;
  TaskRunnerTestDelegate delegate_;
};

TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(TaskRunnerTest);

// We can't really test much, since TaskRunner provides very few
// guarantees.

// Post a bunch of tasks to the task runner.  They should all
// complete.
TYPED_TEST_P(TaskRunnerTest, Basic) {
  std::map<int, int> expected_task_run_counts;

  this->delegate_.StartTaskRunner();
  scoped_refptr<TaskRunner> task_runner = this->delegate_.GetTaskRunner();
  // Post each ith task i+1 times.
  for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
    const Closure& ith_task = this->task_tracker_->WrapTask(Closure(), i);
    for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; ++j) {
      task_runner->PostTask(FROM_HERE, ith_task);
      ++expected_task_run_counts[i];
    }
  }
  this->delegate_.StopTaskRunner();

  EXPECT_EQ(expected_task_run_counts,
            this->task_tracker_->GetTaskRunCounts());
}

// Post a bunch of delayed tasks to the task runner.  They should all
// complete.
TYPED_TEST_P(TaskRunnerTest, Delayed) {
  if (!this->delegate_.TaskRunnerHandlesNonZeroDelays()) {
    DLOG(INFO) << "This TaskRunner doesn't handle non-zero delays; skipping";
    return;
  }

  std::map<int, int> expected_task_run_counts;

  this->delegate_.StartTaskRunner();
  scoped_refptr<TaskRunner> task_runner = this->delegate_.GetTaskRunner();
  // Post each ith task i+1 times with delays from 0-i.
  for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
    const Closure& ith_task = this->task_tracker_->WrapTask(Closure(), i);
    for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; ++j) {
      task_runner->PostDelayedTask(
          FROM_HERE, ith_task, base::TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(j));
      ++expected_task_run_counts[i];
    }
  }
  this->delegate_.StopTaskRunner();

  EXPECT_EQ(expected_task_run_counts,
            this->task_tracker_->GetTaskRunCounts());
}

namespace internal {

// Calls RunsTasksOnCurrentThread() on |task_runner| and expects it to
// equal |expected_value|.
void ExpectRunsTasksOnCurrentThread(
    bool expected_value,
    const scoped_refptr<TaskRunner>& task_runner);

}  // namespace internal

// Post a bunch of tasks to the task runner as well as to a separate
// thread, each checking the value of RunsTasksOnCurrentThread(),
// which should return true for the tasks posted on the task runner
// and false for the tasks posted on the separate thread.
TYPED_TEST_P(TaskRunnerTest, RunsTasksOnCurrentThread) {
  std::map<int, int> expected_task_run_counts;

  Thread thread("Non-task-runner thread");
  ASSERT_TRUE(thread.Start());
  this->delegate_.StartTaskRunner();

  scoped_refptr<TaskRunner> task_runner = this->delegate_.GetTaskRunner();
  // Post each ith task i+1 times on the task runner and i+1 times on
  // the non-task-runner thread.
  for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
    const Closure& ith_task_runner_task =
        this->task_tracker_->WrapTask(
            Bind(&internal::ExpectRunsTasksOnCurrentThread,
                 true, task_runner),
            i);
    const Closure& ith_non_task_runner_task =
        this->task_tracker_->WrapTask(
            Bind(&internal::ExpectRunsTasksOnCurrentThread,
                 false, task_runner),
            i);
    for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; ++j) {
      task_runner->PostTask(FROM_HERE, ith_task_runner_task);
      thread.message_loop()->PostTask(FROM_HERE, ith_non_task_runner_task);
      expected_task_run_counts[i] += 2;
    }
  }

  this->delegate_.StopTaskRunner();
  thread.Stop();

  EXPECT_EQ(expected_task_run_counts,
            this->task_tracker_->GetTaskRunCounts());
}

REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(
    TaskRunnerTest, Basic, Delayed, RunsTasksOnCurrentThread);

}  // namespace base

#endif  //#define BASE_TEST_TASK_RUNNER_TEST_TEMPLATE_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Artemis I: About the CubeSat Payload
Take a closer look at the upcoming Artemis I flight, a mission that will pave the way for future lunar exploration, in our newest blog series.
When Orion blasts off for the first Artemis mission next year, so too will several CubeSats.
These shoebox-sized satellites will catch a ride on Orion and will deploy into space as the capsule makes its way to the Moon. The CubeSats will conduct experiments and observations that will help scientists and researchers learn more about the deep space environment and how to prepare for human exploration beyond the Moon.
While NASA's Space Launch System has been designed to hold up to 17 of these small satellites, NASA is focusing their efforts on 10 secondary payloads for the upcoming Artemis I mission.
Read more about these ten CubeSats below:
Lunar IceCube
As humans journey farther into space, the capability to search for critical resources like water will be crucial to a mission's success. Lunar IceCube, developed by Morehead State University in partnership with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and the Busek Company, will use instruments to search for water and other resources on the Moon from above the lunar surface.
NEA Scout
Eventually, astronauts will explore asteroids. Before they do, it's a good idea to have done some reconnaissance beforehand. That's where NEA Scout comes in. The CubeSat developed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center will perform a flyby of a small asteroid and collect observational data on its environment.
BioSentinel
Then, there's BioSentinel, developed by NASA's Ames Research Center. This CubeSat is out to study how living organisms are affected by deep-space radiation. This 18-month mission, which utilizes yeast to assess the effects of deep-space radiation, marks the first time in over 40 years that living organisms have been sent to deep space. The findings of this experiment will ultimately serve to protect humans on future exploration missions.
LunaH-Map
The Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper (LunaH-Map) was developed by Arizona State University and will map water deposits on the lunar surface, allowing NASA to assess the distribution of this vital resource on the Moon.
ArgoMoon
Developed by Italian company ArgoTec in partnership with the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and the European Space Agency (ESA), ArgoMoon is on a mission to prove it can function close to the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS). It will also document the ICPS in action and yield data on the other CubeSats that might prove useful for planning future deep space missions.
CuSP
What if there was an interplanetary space weather station? The cereal-box-sized CubeSat to study Solar Particles (CuSP) just might be the answer to that question. CuSP, developed in partnership between NASA and the Southwest Research Institute, will hang out in interplanetary space orbiting our Sun where it can monitor inbound radiation, and ultimately help scientists better understand space weather.
LunIR
Risk mitigation is key for the upcoming crewed lunar exploration missions. That's why Lockheed Martin's LunIR CubeSat will conduct a lunar flyby and use infrared imaging to take observations of the lunar surface. In short, the more we know about the surface of the Moon, the more we will be able to protect future lunar explorers.
Team Miles
Drag racing to the Moon? The Team Miles CubeSat was one of three winning entries in the semi-final round of NASA's Cube Quest Challenge. Developed by Fluid & Reason, LLC, this CubeSat is catching a ride to space to participate in NASA's Deep Space Derby, where it will use plasma thrusters to propel the CubeSat in a "drag race to the Moon," notes team lead Wesley Faler.
EQUULEUS
This small CubeSat is on a big mission. EQUULEUS, which stands for Equilibrium Lunar-Earth point 6U Spacecraft, was developed in a partnership between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the University of Tokyo. Radiation can cause damage to electronics and astronauts alike during longer duration spaceflight missions. That's why scientists are hoping EQUULEUS will provide them with a better understanding of the space radiation surrounding the Earth by taking images of the planet's plasmasphere.
OMOTENASHI is setting out to demonstrate that lunar landers come in all shapes and sizes. Like EQUULEUS, the Outstanding Moon exploration Technologies demonstrated by Nano Semi-Hard Impactor (OMOTENASHI) CubeSat was developed by JAXA and the University of Tokyo. It will attempt to prove the capability of small, cost-effective lunar landers to explore the Moon's surface.
Want to know more about the secondary payloads for the upcoming Artemis I mission? Check out the NASA infographic below:
Learn more about the Artemis I CubeSats here.
They're going to the Moon! Artemis Astronauts Announced
Artemis I: Mission Overview
Artemis I: Dive into Artemis Training
Artemis I: About Orion
Artemis I: How does Artemis compare to Apollo?
Artemis I: About the SLS


As of the 7th century, there have always been two cathedrals – the summer and the winter - standing next to each other at Piazza del Duomo. However, none of them survived in its early Christian form: the winter cathedral of Santa Maria Maggiore was probably destroyed by a fire or an earthquake an it was finally demolished during the 12th century to make room for Duomo Vecchio, the old cathedral. Fate of the summer cathedral of San Pietro was similar but it survived much longer. Although being renovated from 1572 till 1581, it became structurally unstable and thus it was demolished in 1603 to allow the construction of Duomo Nuovo, the new cathedral.
Originally the famous architect Andrea Palladio was commissioned with the project but due to financial issues it was decided to entrust local architects instead of him. Construction works of the new cathedral began in 1604 according to the plans of the young Brescian architect Giovanni Battista Lantana, but it underwent several important changes over time. There was a significant debate whether its layout should follow a Latin or a Greek cross plan. Lantana designed a Greek cross plan while his opposition selected Pietro Maria Bagnadore who presented an alternative Latin cross plan. Born in Orzinuovi in 1550, Bagnadore was a sculptor, painter as well as an architect. He won the "battle" about the layout of the building and took over the project till 1611 when it was finally decided to return to a Greek cross layout and the Milanese architect Binago Lorenzo replaced him. The solemn grand facade was erected by Brescian architects Giovanni Battista and Antonio Marchetti. Milanese architect Luigi Cagnola built the beautiful dome that also recalls that of St. Peter's in Rome. Finally the construction was completed by 1825 and the result was a cathedral following a Greek cross layout with three aisles and a central dome. The latter was destroyed during bombing in 1943 and rebuilt after the war.
Entering the cathedral, in the right transept you can admire the Sacrifice of Isaac by Moretto. He was commonly known as Il Moretto da Brescia, an Italian Renaissance painter of Brescia and Venice.
Opposite the painting in the left transept stands a monument to pope Paul VI by Raffaele Scorzelli from 1984. At the foot of the monument is the tombstone of Bishop Luigi Morstabilini. Over the monument are paintings by Romanino depicting events from the life of Mary (Marriage of the Virgin, Birth of the Virgin and the Visitation).
There is an altar at the end of the right aisle which is only composed of a wall fresco painting on a prospective basis. It holds the monumental marble sarcophagus of Saint Apollonius, a remarkable example of Brescian Renaissance sculpture attributed to Gasparo Coirano from 1510.
Noteworthy is an altarpiece in the left aisle by Palma the Younger, best known as Jacopo Palma the Younger, an Italian Mannerist painter from Venice. It depicts the Assumption of the Virgin venerated by several saints.
The church is open 7.30am-noon and 4-7pm.


text:
Mercedes-Benz GLE to Launch in India on October 14
on October 3, 2015 at 2:14 pm
The Mercedes-Benz M-Class is getting a facelift with the all new Mercedes-Benz GLE that is soon to make its way onto the Indian roads from the 14th of October. Mercedes India has announced that the GLE SUV will come with the CKD (knock-down) kit and will be assembled in Pune.
The new Mercedes comes with two diesel engine options – 250d and the 350d engines. The India-spec model is expected to get the 3.0-litre V6 diesel that gives 258bhp for the 350d variant and a 2.0-litre four-cylinder diesel unit producing 203bhp for the 250d. Both options will have a new 9G-TRONIC automatic gearbox. The Mercedes GLE will jump from 0-60 mph in 4 seconds, with a top speed of 250 km/hr.
The Mercedes GLE has some changes to the exterior, especially in the front, with new radiator grille, a new bonnet and a new front bumper, that gives it a sporty look. The rear-end also gets new LED tail-lamps. However, the sides and back of the SUV remains similar to the M-Class. Inside the GLE you will see a large 7-inch display with the latest COMAND interface and touchpad, among other things.
The GLE is expected to be priced slightly higher than the outgoing M-Class model, and should be somewhere in between Rs. 55 lakh – Rs-77 lakh (ex-showroom Delhi).
DieselLatestMercedes BenzSUV
indialaunchMercedesSUV
Elon Musk Launches Tesla's Model X Electric SUV
BMW Launches the M6 Gran Coupe in India


Illinois Tech, in partnership with area colleges and universities, offers several dual admission programs for exceptional students to achieve undergraduate and specialized graduate degrees on an accelerated schedule.
Our dual admission programs all require supplemental applications and supporting documents in addition to the general application to Illinois Tech. They each have special application deadlines.
See the individual program page links below for details and requirements.
Illinois Tech and Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM) have partnered to offer Osteopathic Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine dual admission programs.


text:
S&L #85 Autumn 2005
It's getting harder and harder to keep up with the news these days. Sometimes I wonder why the hell I bother because I get myself so worked up on a daily basis. The more I follow the news the more stressed out I get. One of my main sources of stressful reading is the Christian onslaught into every facet of life in our society. I have never seen such a hateful and intolerant movement infiltrate every aspect of our lives as the current Christian movement in America has. And I think what angers me the most about this is that despite all of their bigotry and self-righteousness they still enjoy the characterization of being a credible movement, a compassionate movement, and a moral movement. Most people as well as the media never seem to call their actions into question. Are people really too self-consumed to challenge the current oppressive agenda of these Christian extremists or has the values of these extremists actually become accepted as the norm? The second option being the scarier one in my book. I am totally appalled by the efforts of these bigoted Christian extremists to impose their bigoted views on all of us. It's bad enough that they are determined to force these bigoted views on all of us but the fact that they do it with such arrogance and self-righteousness that they actually claim to be the moral voice of society is truly despicable. I'm amazed that the very same people that discount evolution, scientific and medical facts for ignorant superstition consider themselves to be the intelligent, enlightened elite of our society. They've convinced themselves that they are the morally superior members of society and that the rest of us make up the immoral pitfall. The mainstream Christian movement in this country has become the most judgmental and self-righteousness movement I have ever seen. I have no tolerance left for these Christian extremists. I don't think I'm alone with these feelings either. A lot of people I've been talking to share my feelings of depleted tolerance for these Christian extremists. It's bound to happen when a group has positioned itself as a restrictor of personal freedoms, a bully that tramples on the human rights of the people that need protecting the most; the minorities and the down and out- and this is exactly what the Christian movement has become. And there's no shortage of right-wing politicians trying to capitalize on this twisted religious frenzy. Republican Senator from Indiana, Patricia Miller, was recently trying to push legislation through the Indiana legislature that was written to prohibit gays, lesbians and single people from using medical science to assist them in having a child. Passage of the bill would prohibit doctors from assisting in a pregnancy by means of intrauterine insemination, donation of an egg, donation of an embryo, in vitro fertilization and transfer of an embryo or sperm injection unless a woman was able to satisfy a number of determining factors. Under the bill women seeking treatment would have to provide a certificate of satisfactory completion of a required assessment. What are the required determining factors this bill would insist women provide? First, that the woman be married to a person of the opposite sex. The assessment also contains a description of the family lifestyle that automatically excludes lesbians. And most disturbing is the requirement that women would also have to provide proof that they have participated in faith-based or church activities. As an added precaution against "activist" judges, the bill would restrict the courts from being able to establish parentage of a child born through assisted reproduction without the assessment certificate and a separate certificate from the physician involved. The fact that this bill was written and being pushed to become a law is absolutely mind-boggling. This is a new low in the Christian effort to legislate women's bodies and to make homosexuals second-class citizens. This is a really blood-chilling intrusion by government into a person's private life. Cold, dehumanizing legislation like this also has the frightening similarities to Nazi laws requiring the sterilization of Jewish women. How is it that in a society that even has the illusion of personal freedom that this lightly veiled attempt of religious persecution has not erupted into a national outcry? Not only does this legislation attempt to deny lesbians or single women from having a child, ultimately having control of their own bodies, but it even goes as far as to restrict all women that don't go to church as well. Since when is it a requirement in this country to be involved with the church in order to be a mother? This is a really sickening and perverse abuse of political power that legislation like this ever saw the light of day. It's this kind of influential abuse that has totally diminished my tolerance for Christianity in general. I don't think any group can be generalized or condemned entirely but I also believe that it's up to the members of a group to dissent when the groups leaders have become so abusive and corrupt. But I don't see any dissention from within the Christian movement. I don't see Christians speaking out against these types of bigoted policies. What I do see is Christians willfully going along with the abusive, bigoted policies of their leaders. To me this makes them just as responsible for the oppression that they have wrought on our society. Are Christians so blinded now with the political power they have gained with the most supportive administration they've ever had in office that they have forgotten their own supposed values? Or did they never exist to begin with? I am at the end of any sort of tolerance for the Christian movement because it has become the most oppressive movement in our country; it embraces ignorance and obedience and when you combine that with such an extreme sense of self-righteousness you have the biggest threat to our personal freedoms and out self preservation that we face today. My only hope is that with their overly oppressive tactics they're creating more resentment and more opposition to their oppressive agenda. It is a lesson learned many times over in history that the more oppressive a group becomes the more dissention grows. The Christian movement in this country has set the tone for such resentment and in doing so is setting themselves up for a huge backlash. I only hope see I see this movement fall in my lifetime.


text:
Jack Passings – November 2019
EATON, Ronald Albert (Ron): Reg. No. 623246 SubLt RNZN WWII. Passed away peacefully, surrounded by family, on Thursday 28 November 2019 at Ranfurly Care Centre. Aged 95 years. Loving husband of Beryl for 73 years. Much loved and admired father and father-in-law of Kay and Frank Wright, Vicki and David Stewart, and Owen. Much loved Grandy of Kirsty and Andrew; Amy and Tom. Loved Great-Grandy of Ella and Reeva. Will be dearly missed by many past and present friends, family, colleagues and pets. Special thanks to Lorena and all the caring staff at Ranfurly Care Centre for their care of Ronald. In lieu of flowers, a donation to Arohanui Hospice would be appreciated and may be left in the Chapel foyer. Messages to the family may be sent c/- 36 Forest Hill Rd, Palmerston North 4471. Friends and family are invited to a celebration of Ron's life to be held at the Beauchamp Crematorium Chapel, 167 John F Kennedy Drive, Palmerston North, on Wednesday 4 December 2019 at 10.30am
SANDERS, Peter Joseph. RNZN 2048. On 16 November 2019 aged 97 years. Everloving husband of the late Marjorie. Warmly loved father and father-in-law of Laurie and Marion. Cherished Poppa of Kylie, Jennifer and Rachel, David and Elaine (Australia). Loved Great Poppa Pete of Noelle, Ephram, Manson, Boaz, Theo, Curtis and Cameron (Australia) and miracle Maggie (China). At Peter's wishes, a private cremation has been held to be followed by a get-together of family and close friends at future date. "The happiest man in Tauranga" now happy to be with his beloved Marj. Communication to the Sanders family c/- PO Box 3136 Tauranga.
BELL, Dennis Roy RN ( HMS Kenya, Korea), also RNZN, Reg No 17940, MCPO, NZSMT, Vietnam. – On Friday, 15th November 2019, aged 86 years. Dearly loved husband of Vivian. Loved father and father-in-law of Stephen and Jan Bell, Jacqueline Bell-Walsh and Glenn Walsh, and Roslyn and Adrian Johns. Stepfather to Joy, Faith and Jevi Escanes. Loved Grandad to his five grandchildren and six great-grandchildren. A service for Dennis will be held at Rosewood, 415 Queen Street, Masterton, on Tuesday, 19th November, at 2.00pm followed by cremation.
HUTT Lyall Joseph S/No 18417 P.O.M.E RNZN Passed away peacefully at home on the 16th of November 2019 aged 71. Dearly loved partner of Trish, loved son of Jos and Golly, loved Dad of Stuart and Jamie, and granddad to Jacob. Loved brother of Jan, Marcia, Gillian and Carolyn, loved brother-in-law of Hoot and Bryce. A Celebration of Lyall's life will be held at 11am on Tuesday the 19th of November 2019 at The Opotiki RSA, St John Street, Opotiki, followed by a private cremation
CORRIGAN, John Randall (John). Service No. F18980 RNZN. Passed away on 10th November 2019 at Middlemore Hospital. Dearly loved Husband of Gayle. Much loved Dad of Sommer and Kane, and cherished Granddad of Samantha and Kyra. "Sadly Missed." At John's request, a Private Family Gathering has been held
WARREN, Denis Alfred QSM. RNZN. NZ11523. HMNZS Hawea. Able Seaman. Korea. On 5 November 2019 Denis passed away peacefully at Kenwyn Rest Home in Te Aroha. Aged 91 years. Loved husband of Pauline and Peggy (deceased). Loved father and father-in-law of Daryl and Amanda (New South Wales) and Cary and Grace (Papua New Guinea). Cherished Poppa of Amanda, Jonathon; Elizabeth, Michelle and his Great Grandchildren. A service to celebrate Denis' life will be held on Saturday 9 November at 11.00 am at St Matthews Anglican Church, 269 Thames Street, Morrinsville. All communications to the Denis' Family, C/- James R Hill Funeral Directors, 717 Grey Street, Hamilton 3216. FDANZ
HAGAN, Ivar Charles: RNZN No. 708057, Leading Tel. Ivar passed peacefully on November 3, 2019, at Southland Hospital, in his 88th year. Beloved husband of June Annette Catherine Hagan for 64 years. Loved son of Beatrice and Charles Hagan. Loved son-in-law of William and Esther Buckley. Loved Dad of his 5 daughters and son-in-laws and a dearly loved Grandad and Great-Grandad. Loved brother-in-law to Bruce and Heather Buckley (Wellington), Gwen and the late Roy Belt (Australia), the late Angela Buckley and Ronald Buckley (Wanganui). Loved brother of the late Lila and Jack Campbell (Christchurch), Harold and Noelene Ward (Christchurch), Thelma and Laurie Hooper (Christchurch), Freda and the late Noel Honey (Tauranga). A big thank you to all the staff at Rowena Jackson Retirement Village for all their care of Ivar. Also, the wonderful staff on the Medical Ward, Kew Hospital and Mel at Avenal Park Funeral Home. Ivar received wonderful care from everyone in his life.
McARTHUR, Karen Gail. Lt RNZN V29275, NZ Police Wing 141, MAF, NZTA. It's just so heartbreaking. To everyone who has touched and shaped my life – my deepest appreciation and affection. To my fabulous family – I am lost for words – one word, Love. Don't despair – I am watching over you and will do so forevermore. All communications to The McArthur Family, c/- PO Box 4449, Hamilton 3247. A service to celebrate Karen's life will be held at St Peter's Cathedral, 51 Victoria Street, Hamilton on Friday 8th November 2019 at 10.00am.
CONNELLY Tony Koro has passed away after a brave and hearty battle with cancer
There will be a memorial to celebrate his life at the beach Friday 8th November at Gantheaume point Broome from 3pm onwards for NZ whanau another memorable will be held sometime in February a very special request if you have any photos of Koro please please share with his kotiro on messenger TeHana Connerly or email Connelly.tehana@gmail.com


Beets and sweet potatoes salad recipe, easy to prepare, delicious combination loaded with nutrients and appealing colors.
The tentacles of the octopus are prepared as a very delicious meal. Octopus meat prevents cancer and it's a great source of vitamin B, zinc, iron that are beneficial to the body. Enjoy the tender, rich flavor of organic octopus in this greek recipe.
Prepare a delicious potato side to round out your meal.


Mary writes to Martha to express the thanks of Mrs. Carol, as the card with her address was lost for a time.
Mary C Pond, "Letter to Martha Berry from Mary Pond." Martha Berry Digital Archive. Eds. Schlitz, Stephanie A., Aaron Jackson, et al. Mount Berry: Berry College, 2012. accessed April 21, 2019, https://mbda.berry.edu/items/show/8736.


Recent political instability and regional conflict have had an adverse effect on the economy and employment in Lebanon. The contribution of women entrepreneurs is an important driver for economic growth and stability, yet women in Lebanon face a range of cultural and structural constraints which restrict their capacity to set up and grow successful businesses. For example, local training and coaching services are often inadequately tailored to the unique needs and circumstances of women. Many women also struggle to obtain a loan and own property, which forces them to run their businesses informally. All of these factors combined hold women entrepreneurs back from meaningfully contributing to Lebanon's economy.
Thanks to support from the U.S. Department of State, the Cherie Blair Foundation for Women partnered with Al Majmoua (the Lebanese Association for Development) to enhance the capability, confidence and access to financial services of over 200 women entrepreneurs in the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon. Our project delivered tailored business training, coaching and incubation support for the women and their businesses, working closely with key financial institutions to improve women's access to financial services.
The Bekaa Valley has been particularly affected by the conflict in the region and has experienced an influx of refugees from across the Syrian border. To address the specific challenges caused by this volatility, our project also delivered business continuity and risk management training for women entrepreneurs to ensure they were able to adapt and sustain their business through difficult times. By building the financial and human capital of women entrepreneurs, we helped women's businesses grow sustainably and achieve scale and resistance to instability.
50 of the women received more extensive training and support, 60% of whom went on to access loans. In total, 46 new jobs have been created.
Al Majmoua is the leading micro-finance and Business Development Services organisation operating in all regions of Lebanon since 1994. As an independent, non-profit association, Al Majmoua is dedicated to helping disadvantaged micro-entrepreneurs, in particular women, expand their businesses and take part in a gradual and steady process of upward economic mobility by offering those sustainable financial services and adapted non-financial services.


Hang on for the ride of your life on this 6-mile downhill mountain bike flow trail. The Mountain to Meadow trail is designed for fast, smooth corners as it weaves through forest, meadows and across familiar ski runs from Big Sky Resort all the way down to Town Center.
This increasingly popular mountain bike trail is one of the trails putting Big Sky on the map for a world-class mountain biking experience. The trail, rated an advanced difficulty level, is definitely not for a novice biker, but is designed to afford all-levels of mountain bikers the experience of a true downhill trail.
Starting at the Big Sky Resort base area, near Ramcharger, follow signs for the Upper South Fork biking trail. The Upper South Fork trail begins with a gradual climb on an old roadbed turning to single track for approximately 2 miles. During this portion of the ride be aware of downhill bikers coming off of the new Snake Charmer trail that Big Sky Resort put in last summer. This trail can be lift-accessed off of Ramcharger and extend the Mountain to Meadow experience by two additional downhill bike trail miles.
During the climb you will cross under the poma lift at Big Sky Resort and across the well-known ski run, War Dance. Once reaching the top of the 2-mile climb you will see a sign designating that you are leaving Big Sky Resort property and the downhill Mountain to Meadow Trail experience begins.
Hold on for the ride and enjoy the smooth, clean berms as you cruise back and forth through the forest for 4 miles, at the end of which you will reach a private dirt road. Following the signs, take a right on the dirt road until you reach paved Autumn Trail. Ride on Autumn Trail for one-third of a mile before turning right onto Andesite Road. Follow Andesite for approximately 1.5 miles until you reach Lone Mountain Trail (Highway 64).
Lone Mountain Trail will take you directly into Town Center, where you can catch the Skyline bus for a shuttle back up to your vehicle or another lap (summer schedule can be found at skylinebus.com) or stay in Town Center to grab a bite or hit one of your favorite watering holes for a post-bike ride brew.
Please respect signage throughout the trail and stay on designated trails. Your respect of private property will support the Big Sky Community Organization's efforts to secure trail easements on private land helping to connect this trail into our community trail system.
Directions: Turning off of Highway 191 onto Lone Mountain Trail, follow the signs 9 miles to Big Sky Resort. Turn left into the resort and follow the road up the hill staying left until you end at a free parking area located at the base of the Mountain Mall.
You can also park in Town Center off of Ousel Falls Road (3 miles west on Lone Mountain Trail from the Highway 191 intersection and traffic light) and catch a free shuttle on the Skyline bus. The bus stop is located in Fire Pit Park on the right-hand side after turning onto Ousel Falls Road off of Lone Mountain Trail. Bike shuttles fill up fast, so plan to be there plenty of time in advance.
For more information about Big Sky's Parks, Trails and Recreation Programs visit bscomt.org. The Big Sky Community Organization is a local nonprofit that connects people to recreational opportunities by acquiring, promoting and preserving sustainable places and programs for all.


Parents may wish to supplement this by arranging for their child to bring a packed lunch to school. If this is the case, please ensure that your child has a lunch box for his/her lunch items.
carbonated and/or "high energy" drinks are strictly forbidden in school.