text:
Q: How to find center of an arc given start point, end point, radius, and arc direction? Given an arbitrary arc, where you know the following values: start point $(x_0, y_0)$, end point $(x_1, y_1)$, radius ($r$) and arc direction (e.g. clockwise or counterclockwise from start to end), how can I calculate the arc's center?  I know from this previous post (thanks!) that the center lies on the perpendicular bisector between the two points, but don't know how to calculate it.
thanks!

A: Don't write down too many equations to be solved, but produce the desired center ${\bf c}=(a,b)$ in a forward movement instead. Let ${\bf z}_i=(x_i,y_i)$ $\ (i=0,1)$ be the two given points.
Two arcs satisfy the given constraints; one with an angle of $\theta{\le}\pi$, and one with an angle of $2\pi-\theta$. We will assume the arc has the smaller angle $\theta$, but note that solving for the larger arc's center is equivalent to solving for the smaller arc's center when the direction is reversed. Let $\epsilon:=1$ if the smaller arc should go from ${\bf z}_0$ to ${\bf z}_1$ counterclockwise; otherwise let $\epsilon:=-1$.
Next, let $d:=|{\bf z_1}-{\bf z_0}|=\sqrt{(x_1-x_0)^2+(y_1-y_0)^2}$ be the distance and ${\bf m}:=\bigl({x_0+x_1 \over2}, {y_0+y_1\over2}\bigr)$ be the midpoint of ${\bf z_0}$ and ${\bf z_1}$. Then
$${\bf n}:=(u,v):=\Bigl({x_1-x_0\over d},{y_1-y_0\over d}\Bigr)$$
is the unit normal in the direction ${\bf z_1}-{\bf z}_0$, and ${\bf n}^*:=(-v,u)$ is the unit vector you get by rotating ${\bf n}$ counterclockwise by $90^\circ$.
Given $r>0$ the center ${\bf c}$ has a distance $h:=\sqrt{r^2 -d^2/4}$ from ${\bf m}$, and the given $\epsilon$ together with ${\bf n}^*$ tell us in which direction we should go. In vectorial notation the center is  given by
$${\bf c}\ =\ {\bf m}+\epsilon\ h\ {\bf n}^*\ ,$$
so that coordinate-wise we get
$$a={x_0+x_1 \over2}-\epsilon\ h\ v, \qquad b={y_0+y_1 \over2}+\epsilon\ h\ u\ .$$

A: To be explicit, your equations are,
$$r^2=(x-x_0)^2+(y-y_0)^2 \\
r^2=(x-x_1)^2+(y-y_1)^2$$
Subtracting them gives the bisector line:
$$0=2x(x_1-x_0)+x_0^2-x_1^2+2y(y_1-y_0)+y_0^2-y_1^2$$
You can solve any two of these simultaneously to get the two candidate centers.

A: Let's try a geometric approach:
We are given the points $A$ and $B$ on the circle and the radius $r$ of the circle.
I'll do it for a specific case:
Suppose $A$ and $B$ are in the first quadrant  with $A$ "to the left and above" $B$.
Let $D$ be the midpoint of the line segment $\overline{AB}$ and set $\gamma$ equal to the acute angle formed by $\overline{AB}$ and the horizontal line $l$ through $A$.
Let $V=\overline{DC}$ where $C$ is the center of the circle.
Then:
1) The length of $V$ is $\sqrt{r^2-{{|\overline{AB}|^2\over 4 }}}$.
2) The acute angle formed by the horizontal line through $D$ and $\overline{DC}$ is ${\pi\over 2}-\gamma$.
Since you can compute the coordinates of $D$ and $\gamma$ from the coordinates of $A$ and $B$, you can find the coordinates of $C$ using the information in 1) and 2).

A: Even the direction of the arc is defined(clockwise or counter-clockwise), there are generally two possible solutions, because the radius angle could be less or greater than $\pi$. Let me show you by the planar vector method:
Given the start point $A(x_0,y_0)$and end point $B(x_1,y_1)$, let $|\vec{AB}|=2l$, so $l=\frac{\sqrt{(x_1-x_0)^2+(y_1-y_0)^2}}{2}$. Let the midpoint of $AB$ is point $M$, we know the center point $O$ is subject to $OM\perp AB$, and $|\vec{AM}|=l,|\vec{MO}|=\sqrt{r^2-l^2}$.
Now, $\vec{AM}=(\frac{x_1-x_0}{2}+i(\frac{y_1-y_0}{2}))$, since $OM\perp AB$, we get $\vec{MO}=\frac{|\vec{MO}|}{|\vec{AM}|}\cdot\vec{AM}\times (cos\theta+i\cdot sin\theta)$, where $\theta=\frac{\pi}{2}$ or $\theta=-\frac{\pi}{2}$, depending on the rotary direction of the arc and whether the radius angle is less than $\pi$.
Case 1:
$\theta=\frac{\pi}{2}$. we get $\vec{MO}=\frac{\sqrt{r^2-l^2}}{l}\cdot[(-\frac{y_1-y_0}{2})+i(\frac{x_1-x_0}{2})]$. Since $\vec{MO}=(x-\frac{x_0+x_1}{2})+i(y-\frac{y_0+y_1}{2})$, comparing  the real and imaginary part, we konw
$x=\frac{x_0+x_1}{2}-\frac{(y_1-y_0)\sqrt{r^2-l^2}}{2l}$ and $y=\frac{y_0+y_1}{2}+\frac{(x_1-x_0)\sqrt{r^2-l^2}}{2l}$.
Case 2:
$\theta=-\frac{\pi}{2}$.we get $\vec{MO}=\frac{\sqrt{r^2-l^2}}{l}\cdot[(\frac{y_1-y_0}{2})-i(\frac{x_1-x_0}{2})]$. Comparing again, we know $x=\frac{x_0+x_1}{2}+\frac{(y_1-y_0)\sqrt{r^2-l^2}}{2l}$ and $y=\frac{y_0+y_1}{2}-\frac{(x_1-x_0)\sqrt{r^2-l^2}}{2l}$.
When shold $\theta$ be $\frac{\pi}{2}$ or $-\frac{\pi}{2}$?
By drawing a circle and observing the different cases, it's easy to know:
$counter-clockwise\ and\ radius\ angle\ is \gt\pi: \theta=-\frac{\pi}{2}$.
$counter-clockwise\ and\ radius\ angle\ is \lt\pi: \theta=\frac{\pi}{2}$.
$clockwise\ and\ radius\ angle\ is \gt\pi: \theta=\frac{\pi}{2}$.
$clockwise\ and\ radius\ angle\ is \lt\pi: \theta=-\frac{\pi}{2}$.
Also, you can see there is no solution when $r\lt l$ and there is only one solution when $l=r$.

A: Let $(x,y)$ be the center of the arc. For $i=1,2$ write the equation
$$
\text{distance from $(x,y)$ to $(x_i,y_i)$}=r.
$$
You get a system of two quadratic equations in the two unknowns $x$ and $y$. Solve it to find two solutions, each on a different side of the segment from $(x_1,y_1)$ to $(x_2,y_2)$. Choose the one that corresponds to the direction of the arc.

A: Here is an equivalent algebraic solution. Let's first assume that $x_1=y_1=0$ (this will be generalized later). We're looking for a point $(x,y)$ which is at distance $r$ of $(x_0,y_0)$ and $(x_1,y_1)$, thus
$$ x^2 + y^2 = r^2$$
and
$$ (x-x_0)^2 + (y-y_0)^2 = r^2$$
We get from that
$$x^2+y^2 = (x-x_0)^2 + (y-y_0)^2$$
which simplifies to
$$ s = xx_0 + yy_0$$
if we call $$s = \frac{x_0^2 + y_0^2}{2}$$
Now let's multiply each side of the first equation by $y_0^2$ and substitute $ s = xx_0 + yy_0$. We get
$$ x^2y_0^2 + (s - xx_0)^2 = r^2y_0^2 $$
This can be solved with the quadratic formula, giving, after some simplifications,
$$ x = \frac{x_0}{2} \pm \frac{y_0}{2}\sqrt{ 2\frac{r^2}{s} -1  } $$
If we generalize to any $(x_1,y_1)$ by translating the problem, this becomes
$$ x = \frac{x_0 + x_1}{2} \pm \frac{y_0-y_1}{2}\sqrt{ \left( \frac{2r}{d} \right)^2 - 1}  $$
where $d$ is now the distance between $(x_0,y_0)$ and $(x_1,y_1)$, $\sqrt{(x_0-x_1)^2 + (y_0-y_1)^2}$.
Similarly, we can get
$$ y = \frac{y_0 + y_1}{2} \mp \frac{x_0-x_1}{2}\sqrt{ \left( \frac{2r}{d} \right)^2 - 1}  $$
And of course the $\pm$ can be deduced from the direction of the arc.
This should be equivalent to the vectorial version already mentioned.

A: I'am using something like this (c#):
        public PointF ArcCenter(PointF P1, PointF P2, Double Radius, int Direction,ref string ErrorDescription)
        {
            // returns arc center based on start and end points, radius and arc direction (2=CW, 3=CCW)
            // Radius can be negative (for arcs over 180 degrees)
            double Angle = 0, AdditionalAngle = 0, L1 = 0, L2 = 0, Diff=0;
            double AllowedError = 0.002;
            PointF Center = new PointF(0, 0);
            ErrorDescription = "";
            PointF T1, T2;

            // Sort points depending of direction
            if (Direction == 2)
            {
                T1 = new PointF(P2.X, P2.Y);
                T2 = new PointF(P1.X, P1.Y);
            }
            else // 03
            {
                T1 = new PointF(P1.X, P1.Y);
                T2 = new PointF(P2.X, P2.Y);
            }

            // find angle arc covers
            Angle = CalculateAngle(T1, T2);

            L1 = PointDistance(T1, T2) / 2;
            Diff = L1 - Math.Abs(Radius);

            if (Math.Abs(Radius) < L1 && Diff > AllowedError)
            {
                ErrorDescription = "Error - wrong radius";
                return Center;
            }

            L2 = Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs(Math.Pow(Radius,2) - Math.Pow(L1,2)));

            if (L1 == 0)
                AdditionalAngle = Math.PI / 2;
            else
                AdditionalAngle = Math.Atan(L2 / L1);

            // Add or subtract from angle (depending of radius sign)
            if (Radius < 0)
                Angle -= AdditionalAngle;
            else
                Angle += AdditionalAngle;

            // calculate center (from T1)
            Center = new PointF((float) (T1.X + Math.Abs(Radius) * Math.Cos(Angle)), (float) (T1.Y + Math.Abs(Radius) * Math.Sin(Angle)));
            return Center;
        }

        public double CalculateAngle(PointF P1, PointF P2)
        {
            // returns Angle of line between 2 points and X axis (according to quadrants)
            double Angle = 0;

            if (P1 == P2) // same points
                return 0;
            else if (P1.X == P2.X) // 90 or 270
            {
                Angle = Math.PI / 2;
                if (P1.Y > P2.Y) Angle += Math.PI;
            }
            else if (P1.Y == P2.Y) // 0 or 180
            {
                Angle = 0;
                if (P1.X > P2.X) Angle += Math.PI;
            }
            else
            {
                Angle = Math.Atan(Math.Abs((P2.Y - P1.Y) / (P2.X - P1.X))); // 1. quadrant
                if (P1.X > P2.X && P1.Y < P2.Y) // 2. quadrant
                    Angle = Math.PI - Angle;
                else if (P1.X > P2.X && P1.Y > P2.Y) // 3. quadrant
                    Angle += Math.PI;
                else if (P1.X < P2.X && P1.Y > P2.Y) // 4. quadrant
                    Angle = 2 * Math.PI - Angle;
            }
            return Angle;
        }

        public double PointDistance(PointF P1, PointF P2)
        {
            return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow((P2.X - P1.X), 2) + Math.Pow((P2.Y - P1.Y), 2));
        }

A: So I gave up with my pen and paper and just put it into my TI-89
a = pointA x
b = pointA y
c = pointB x
d = pointB y

Start with:
$(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2-(x-c)^2-(y-d)^2=0$
Solve for Y
$y=\frac{-(2(a-c)x-a^s-b^2+c^2+d^2)}{2(b-d)}$
Solve for X in  $(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=r^2$
$x=
\frac
{- \left( |b-d|\sqrt{4r^2-a^2+2ac-b^2+2bd-c^2-d^2}-(a+c)\sqrt{a^2-2ac+b^2-2bd+c^2+d^2} \right) }
{ 2 \sqrt{a^2-2ac+b^2-2bd+c^2+d^2}}
$
or
$x=
\frac
{ |b-d|\sqrt{4r^2-a^2+2ac-b^2+2bd-c^2-d^2}+(a+c)\sqrt{a^2-2ac+b^2-2bd+c^2+d^2} }
{ 2 \sqrt{a^2-2ac+b^2-2bd+c^2+d^2}}
$

A: Consider the two circles with centers $(x_0,y_0)$ and $(x_1,y_1)$ and radius $r$. With some luck they will intersect (if they don't, there is no solution), probably in two points. If there are two points of intersection and if you want your arc to be shorter than a semicircle, choose the center of you arc to be the point of intersection on the same side as your arc should turn (left or right) w.r.t. the line from $(x_0,y_0)$ to $(x_1,y_1)$. If you prefer an arc longer than a semicircle, choose the other point of intersection. In case there is only one point of intersection, that's you center; choose the semicircle that turn in the proper direction.

A: This is to long for a comment so I put as a answer.
We can find the length of a arc using this, so to your problem we have:
$r^2=(x-x_c)^2+(y-y_c)^2$
Isolating $y$
$y=y_c-\sqrt{-x_c^2+2 x x_c+r^2-x^2}$
or
$y=y_c+\sqrt{-x_c^2+2 x x_c+r^2-x^2}$
And
$y'=

-\frac{2 x_c-2 x}{2 \sqrt{2 x x_c-x_c^2-x^2+r^2}}
$
or
$y'=

\frac{2 x_c-2 x}{2 \sqrt{2 x x_c-x_c^2-x^2+r^2}}
$
So the distance of $x=x_a$ to $x=x_b$, using the formula and the Elliptic Integral (Wolfram) is:
$$
d_{x_a,x_b}=r (E\left(\left.\arcsin\left(\frac{x_b-x_c}{r}\right)\right|2\right)-E\left(\left.\arcsin\left(\frac{x_a-x_c}{r}\right)\right|2\right))
$$
or
$$
d_{x_a,x_b}=r (E\left(\left.\arcsin\left(\frac{x_b-x_c}{r}\right)\right|2\right)-E\left(\left.\arcsin\left(\frac{x_a-x_c}{r}\right)\right|2\right))
$$
But, do you want to know a distance of a point m $(x_m,y_m)$ when
$d_{x_0,x_1}=2d_{x_0,x_m}$.
Maybe it helps.

A: This is called the endpoint parameterization of an ellipse. The SVG image format uses it to specify elliptical arcs, and the W3C specification contains the formulas for converting to the standard center parameterization.
http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/implnote.html#ArcImplementationNotes
It also contains some suggestions for handling some common error conditions, such as when the radii are too small to span the points.

A: One possible way could be an arc midpoint computation shown at
http://mathcentral.uregina.ca/RR/database/RR.09.10/akulov2.html

A: There is way easier solution mentioned here without the need for a solver.

A: Let (x,y) be the center of the circle. From the post mentioned we know that the center is on the perpendicular bisector of (x1,y1) and (x2,y2). The perpendicular bisector must pass through their mid point  (  (x1+x2)/2 , (y1+y2)/2). The slope of the bisector must be (x2-x1)/(y1-y2) since the product of perpendicular slopes has to be -1.
Given a point on a line (x0,y0), and a slope through that line m, an equation for that line is (y-y0)/(x-x0)=m.
We know the radius of the circle which means (x-x1)^2+(y-y1)^2 = r^2. Plug in the line's equation for y and solve for x. The resulting quadratic will have 2 solutions. The curve direction tells you which to choose.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You are being trapped in the house. There are many clues and hidden objects present. To escape from the house of JM Prize, you need to find all the clues and all the hidden objects. After finding the hidden objects then solve the puzzles and just escape from the house of JM Prize. You will then come out and enjoy the world of joy and fun.
Do you love birds, then make the bird free from hunters hand. The beautiful bird named Eva is being trapped in the hinters hand. Find all the clues and try to escape from the bird from hunters hand. Find all kind of clues then take the key from the hunters hand and help your bird to escape from the hunters hand.


Are you a youth with a mission? Are you a teacher with an inspiring student or class? Is your homeschooler making a difference in the world? We want to hear from you!
Use the form at the bottom of this page to tell us how kids in your area have taken action and become civically engaged. We will create a collection of narratives to celebrate your success and encourage other students!


text:
LEXINGTON, TEXAS
This webpage contains a detailed history of Lexington, Texas and neighboring settlements. We also have a Lexington Bulletin Board feature to post questions and provide additional information about the Cedar Park area.
MORE TEXAS HISTORY LINKS
LEXINGTON AREA LINKS
OLD WEST RELATED LINKS
Pioneer Relics and Antiques
Western Belts
Becoming a Webpage Supporter
Tomahawks, Craft Supplies
Joe Johns Western Swing Website
LEXINGTON, LEE COUNTY, TEXAS
LEXINGTON, TEXAS BULLETIN BOARD
Within this webpage, you'll find interesting history and photos of the area. You'll also find links to local points of interest, local news, information about local businesses, school and non-profit organizations, and generally what's happening in the Lexington area.
If you'd like to post a question, add information, photos, or interesting antidotes about early-day or modern day Lexington or area towns, send me an email (lenkubiak.geo@yahoo.com)
or write me:
1264 FM 2116, Rockdale, Texas 76567.
Map of the Lexington Area
THE HISTORY OF LEXINGTON
Lexington is a small town south of Rockdale and Tanglewood, located between the East and Middle Yegua creeks and intersected by Texas State Highway 77, sixteen miles north of Giddings in Lee County. Initially, the area that became Lexington was known as String Prarie. Around 1850, the Prospect Baptist Church and Cemetery was established to serve several small settlements in the area.
One of the earliest European settlers in the area was Captain James Shaw who visited the area seeking a grant of land as a reward for his military service to the Republic of Texas. A few families were living east of his claim at that time. Capt. James Shaw , born in Clermont County, Ohio, on August 8, 1808. Shaw served in the Texas Army during the Texas War of Independence; was a member of the Texas Republic House of Representatives, 1838-39, 1840-41; and was a member of the Texas Republic Senate from the District of Milam and Robertson, 1841-44; a member of the Texas state house of representatives, 1847-48, 1853-56. Capt. Shaw died near Lexingtonon February 14, 1879 and is buried at the Early Chapel Cemetery 3-1/2 miles east of Lexington just off FM 696.
Among the other early settlers in the area were Titus Mundine, Gabriel Smith, and Thomas Suppington.
STRING PRAIRIE ESTABLISHED 1848
In 1848 a post office named String Prairie opened with James Shaw as the postmaster. Shaw was also the schoolteacher, surveyor, and a legislator.
NAME CHANGED TO LEXINGTON IN 1850
Captain Shaw, who served as surveyor for the Stephen F. Austin colony, laid out the town of Lexington in 1850 and was instrumental in getting the name changed from String Prairie to Lexington after the town of Lexington, Massachusetts. In 1869 twenty-one families came by wagon train from Mississippi and most of these families settled in the Lexington area. After the end of the Civil War, the town of Lexington prospered and by 1870, the town contained several general stores, gristmills, a blacksmith, two wood-working shops, and several saloons.
R. M. Dickson built a general store in 1860 that lasted into the 1930s. A building he built in 1892 was still in use as a grocery store in 1989.By 1884, Lexington had a population of some 250 citizens.
ARRIVAL OF THE RAILROAD IN 1890
The San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway arrived in 1890, and by 1892 Lexington boasted a population of some 500. It was incorporated in 1917. By 1927 the town had 1,000 inhabitants and a bank. In 1931 the population was 519. In the 1950s Lexington had 600 residents and thirty businesses. In 1980 it had a population of 901 and fourteen businesses. In 1989 the town had six churches, a school system with 800 students, a population of 1,284, and sixteen businesses. In 1990 the population was 953. That figure increased to 1,178 by 2000. Local income is from small family-run businesses, ranching, hay and grain crops, and peanuts.
An auction barn in continuous weekly operation since 1938 handles area-raised livestock. Lexington has had a homecoming celebration yearly since 1966. In 1976 the Lexington Community Chamber of Commerce moved two log cabins dating from 1850 near the town square and restored them to become the Pioneer Village Museum.
KEY CITIZENS OF EARLY-DAY LEXINGTON
Titus H. Mundine
Titus H. Mundine was a legislator, Unionist, and early Republican party leader.About the Civil War era, Mundine married Catherine B. Merrill and moved to Lexington which was initially in Burleson County and continued in the merchandising business. Mundine was moderately prosperous, with three slaves and property valued at $15,000 in 1860. Mundine began his political career in 1857 by supporting Sam Houston's unsuccessful bid for the governorship. Two years later he again supported Houston and at the same time ran successfully for a seat in the House of Representatives of the Eighth Legislature. On April 21, 1860, he served as a vice president at the San Jacinto Battle Ground Assembly that put forward Sam Houston as a candidate for the presidency. When Houston was not nominated, Mundine actively supported the Constitutional Union party ticket.
Although generally regarded as a member of the conservative faction of his party, Mundine shocked the convention on July 8, 1868, by proposing to enfranchise women as well as blacks. His resolution read: "Every person, without distinction of sex, who shall have arrived at the age of twenty-one years . . . shall be deemed a qualified elector." After a good deal of what one reporter called "squabbling and fun," a motion to reject was defeated, and the resolution was sent to the Committee on State Affairs. It was never reported out of the committee, although according to newspapers Mundine continued to champion his "favorite measure." Mundine may have been the first man in a position of power to propose woman suffrage in Texas. Titus Mundine died in Lexington on July 3, 1873.
SCENES AROUND MODERN-DAY LEXINGTON
Neat brush arbor on the square.
One of three old log cabins moved and restored on the Square
Snow's BBQ. According to a Texas Monthly article, "The best barbecue in Texas is currently being served here at Snow's BBQ, Snow's BBQ is located in Lexington at 516 Main Street and is open only on Saturdays from 8:00 a.m. until the barbeque is sold out.
Snow's proprietor, Kerry Bexley, was a former rodeo clown who worked as a blending-facility operator at a coal mine. Snow's pit master, Tootsie Tomanetz, was a woman in her early seventies who worked as the custodian of the middle school in nearby Giddings
Ocean of firewood ready to keep Snow's BBQ Pits going.
Lexington's Cattle Commission comes alive on Saturday mornings. At 12:30 every Saturday, a cattle auction is held here at the Lexington Livestock Commission grounds.
Early-Day Business 3 miles East of Lexington on FM609
FOR GREAT DEALS ON INDIAN AND OLD WEST RELICS, INDIAN AND OLD WEST BOOKS, VINTAGE BELT BUCKLES, COKE COLLECTIBLES, AND OTHER GREAT GIFT IDEAS, SEE LINKS ALONG THE LEFT SIDE OF THE PAGE!
This is a web page under construction. Come back and visit with us over the coming weeks and contribute your old photos and stories as you can.
LEONARD KUBIAK's TEXAS HISTORY WEB PAGES
Also see our history links near the bottom of of the Fort Tumbleweed Home Page. I spend a great deal of time researching Texas history and adding topics of interest to our website for our internet viewers.
FOR MORE LEONARD KUBIAK TEXAS HISTORY WEBPAGES, CLICK ON THE FORTTUMBLEWEED HOMEPAGE LINK AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS WEBPAGE.
Copyright © 2011. All rights reserved by Leonard Kubiak. Fort Tumbleweed™ and forttumbleweed™ are trademarks of Leonard Kubiak. No Part of this Website nor any of it's contents may be reproduced in any manner without written permission.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1133919345 ~ Mission Bedroom Furniture. Archived on bedroom and published on March 18th, 2019 by Neville Scamander is one of best bedroom ideas with 76/100 rate from 2 user. Check our gallery below and get inspired!


Addiction is a chronic disease that is constantly on the rise in the U.S. and around the world. 23.5 million Americans are addicted to alcohol and drugs, with the average age for addiction beginning as young as, a little over 12 years old.
Addiction, when left untreated, becomes a lifelong issue of increased substance abuse and the display of harmful and dangerous behavior to self and others. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, addiction costs, not only the families, but the government as well, raking in a whopping $36 billion a year in health care expenses and a further $380 billion annually in overall expenses.
Addiction, at times, can seem like a never ending cycle with the individual trying to quit; succeeding for a few days, weeks, months, and in some cases, they abstain from the addictive substance for years only to have something trigger what first caused the addictive behavior and they relapse. There are others who enter into a treatment program and do extremely well at beating their addiction, but revert to their old ways once they are out and back to their day-to-day activities. This cycle goes on and on for many people suffering with addiction; however, what causes this revolving door experience and what can you do to stop it and maintain sobriety forever?
Not all treatment programs are the same; however, with a specially tailored inpatient treatment plan, you or your loved one can become sober and maintain a lifetime of sobriety.
While various individuals can and have beaten addiction through home treatment and outpatient counseling sessions, self-prescribed treatments aren't for everybody.
Outpatient drug rehab, when compared to inpatient treatment programs are less invasive and restrictive. While both treatment programs require up to 12 hours a week in counseling and other tailored group and individual sessions; outpatient recovery programs differ from inpatient greatly because at the end of each outpatient session, the client is allowed to return home, while in inpatient programs, the client must remain in the treatment facility for the duration of their treatment.
For individuals suffering from mild addiction, an outpatient treatment program may be enough; however, for those individuals who have battled a lifetime of addiction and have suffered from the revolving-door effect, inpatient treatment is your best and only solution.
What is our solution for the revolving-door effect and how can Irvine residents benefit from it?
While individuals are encouraged into treatment every day, most are unaware and blinded as to what inpatient addiction treatment entails and because they are unaware that treatment isn't a one-size-fit all approach, some will opt out of inpatient treatment and seek to treat themselves or loved one at home, using different methods of treatment that friends, other family members, the internet and may be even their doctors recommend.
However, by doing this, many individuals will experience what is known as the revolving-door effect associated with addiction treatment and sobriety. But why does this happen? Is it that you or your loved one addiction is so far gone, it is untreatable?
The answer to this is a firm no, you just haven't found the right treatment program; until now. The thing about addiction treatment is, there's no one-size fits all treatment, as was mentioned before; however, with a tailored inpatient treatment program from us, at Above It All, we can treat you or your loved ones addiction; help you beat that revolving door syndrome and maintain a lifetime of sobriety.
When creating the right treatment plan, at Above It All, we consider it all. We take a detailed look into your history of abuse. When did your addiction begin; what triggered your substance abuse; and more importantly, what have you done in the past to treat your addiction? This information is important in order for us to determine the right course of treatment and tailor a plan that is right for you or your loved one.
So, what does our treatment program entail?
Treatment at our facilities, doesn't only facilitate you in the here and now and it's certainly not only for when you are at the program center. Our drug and alcohol rehab program treats the addiction with on site rehabilitation, as well as Sober Living Assistance for when you return to your friends, families and everyday life.
At Above It All, we do not only focus on treating the problem, our aim is to provide a lasting foundation that frees you from addiction's clasps. This is why our addiction treatment continues with sober living houses, long after you have left our facilities and return home. Our sober living program will help you maintain sobriety and avoid that revolving-door effect again.
But, What Exactly is Sober Living?
The first thing to know about sobriety is that it is a process that lasts a lifetime; however, with the stresses of daily living, your new found recovery may be difficult to maintain. Therefore, the need to develop skills for coping with the daily struggles and prevent relapses, some might say, is more important than being in rehab.
The sober living offered by us is provided to our clients in what's known as sober living communities in Irvine, the rest of California and across our network. These communities are safe havens, which provide a comfortable and encouraging place to adjust to your new, addiction-free life.
Sober living, in other words, provide you with an avenue to return to everyday life, such as school, work and your family. When you reside in a sober living house, we make it easy for you to keep going, to therapy appointments and support group meetings at our Above It All facilities and will even provide you with transportation if you need it.
Our goal at Above It All is to get you back out into the world and sober living is the next step to getting you as close to your lifelong goal as possible. Once you have completed your entire inpatient treatment program, you will be able to return home and live your life sober free and healthy.
If you or a loved one need help getting back on track and staying on the right path to recovery, give us a call and we will tailor an inpatient treatment program just for you.


Medium or Small Sized Enterprise Network Solution_Enterprises_Shenzhen TG-NET Botone Technology Co,. Ltd.
In the new economy environment, domestic medium/small sized enterprises play crucial role.Facing with the fierce market competition, many medium/small sized enterprises are looking for more effective communication method to develop cross-regional cooperation and customer services. Communication has been a main point of enterprise competition capacity. Global market is now the main development trend, medium/small sized enterprises must prepare for the challenges, improve information and network construction.
The above solution adopts most simplified and high speed layer 2 network structure, easy operation. User can quickly start network application, control service quality in high speed and efficiency.
Medium/small sized network need high performance, reliability and expansion. S7503 routing switch has a switching capacity up to 384Gbps and backplane bandwidth up to 1.2 Tbps. It adopts dual control and dual power supply design, can provide high performance and reliability network. And it is a cost-efficient core switch, is the best choice for network construction.
This solution applies R3200 64-bit single core full gigabit router and TG-NET F3000-4G-F carrier class multiple function firewall combination. R3200 adopts 64-bit dual core Cavium network processing unit. This Router capable of hardware acceleration, can greatly increase the processing speed of hardware. It breaks the processing bottleneck of traditional routers, it processes the packets by hardware and greatly improved the speed. F3000-4G-1F series provide multiple security policies, including user authentication, spam mail filtering,VPN and other management. The network security can be well guaranteed.
The different departments in an enterprise usually adopt full gigabit access devices to get high-speed communication between departments, which also can guarantee network security.
S3100-24G-2F Ethernet Switch supports 24 gigabit electronic ports, 2 gigabit SFP combo ports and a Console port, which enable gigabit connection to desktop and gigabit fiber uplink to core switch. This switch supports VLAN, port mirroring, ARP binding, STP/RSTP and up to 12-port aggregation.It can be managed by CLI , remote telnet, and WEB interface.
S3100's special internal network security defence system can easily solve the security problems in VLAN, defending from ARP spoofing, MAC address attack, Dos attack and other network attacks. The visual easy-operation WEB interface management helps users to defend common security problems and provide the hotel a high-performance, low-cost and WEB managed network solution.


text:
Home » China's Zero Covid policy spreads to Hong Kong amid demand for Xi Jinping's resignation; US backs protesters
China's Zero Covid policy spreads to Hong Kong amid demand for Xi Jinping's resignation; US backs protesters
Image Source : AP Unrest among people are growing in China
Protest against 'zero Covid policies' spread to Hong Kong as Chinese security forces is oppressing agitation over the new curbs in the mainland. Students in Hong Kong chanted "oppose dictatorship" in a protest against China's Covid rules Monday.
Protesters are on the roads pressing unprecedented call for President Xi Jinping to resign in the biggest show of opposition to the ruling Communist Party in decades.
Rallies against China's unusually strict anti-virus measures spread to several cities over the weekend, and authorities eased some regulations, apparently as part of an attempt to quell that public anger. But the government showed no sign of backing down on its larger Covid strategy, and analysts expect authorities to quickly silence the dissent.
About 50 students sang at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and some lit candles in a show of support for those in mainland cities who demonstrated against restrictions that have confined millions of people to their homes. Hiding their faces to avoid official retaliation, the students chanted, "No PCR tests but freedom," and "oppose dictatorship, don't be slaves."
The gathering and a similar one elsewhere in Hong Kong were the biggest protests there in more than a year under rules imposed to crush a pro-democracy movement in the territory, which is Chinese but has a separate legal system from the mainland.
China's zero-Covid policy not going to work: US
The White House said on Monday that China's zero-Covid policy is unlikely to work and reaffirmed that everyone around the world has the right to protest peacefully, amidst unprecedented demonstrations in the Communist nation over its stringent policy.
"We've said that zero-Covid is not a policy we are pursuing here in the United States. And as we've said, we think it's going to be very difficult for the People's Republic of China to be able to contain this virus through their zero-Covid strategy," a spokesperson of the White House National Security Council told PTI.
The spokesperson's comment comes amidst protests from various parts of China against the strict enforcement of its zero-Covid policy, under which authorities block apartment buildings or even cordon off a neighbourhood once a resident tests positive, causing great inconvenience to the people.
"For us, we are focused on what works and that means using the public health tools like: continuing to enhance vaccination rates and making testing and treatment easily accessible," the spokesperson said.
"I've wanted to speak up for a long time, but I did not get the chance to," said James Cai, a 29-year-old from Shanghai who attended a Hong Kong protest and held up a piece of white paper, a symbol of defiance against the ruling party's pervasive censorship. "If people in the mainland can't tolerate it anymore, then I cannot as well." It wasn't clear how many people have been detained since the protests in China began Friday, sparked by anger over the deaths of 10 people in a fire.
Some have questioned whether firefighters or victims trying to escape were blocked by locked doors or other anti-virus controls.
Without mentioning the protests, the criticism of Xi or the fire, some local authorities eased restrictions on Monday.
In Hong Kong, protesters at Chinese University put up posters that said, "Do Not Fear. Do Not Forget. Do Not Forgive," and sang including "Do You Hear the People Sing?" from the musical Les Miserables. Most hid their faces behind blank white sheets of paper.
"I want to show my support," said a 24-year-old mainland student who would identify herself only as G for fear of retaliation. "I care about things that I couldn't get to know in the past." University security guards videotaped the event but there was no sign of police.
At an event in Central, a business district, about four dozen protesters held up blank sheets of paper and flowers in what they said was mourning for people killed in the fire in Urumqi in China's northwest and others who have died as a result of "zero Covid" policies.
Police cordoned off an area around protesters who stood in small, separate groups to avoid violating pandemic rules that bar gatherings of more than 12 people. Police took identity details of participants but there were no arrests.
Hong Kong has tightened security controls and rolled back Western-style civil liberties since China launched a campaign in 2019 to crush a pro-democracy movement. The territory has its own anti-virus strategy that is separate from the mainland.
(With Agencies input)
Also Read: Is Covid back? China reports sharp rise in coronavirus cases; 40,000 in fifth consecutive day


text:
The Best Technology for Getting a Good Night's Sleep
If those precious ZZZs are out of reach, turn to tech. With solutions ranging from free apps to high-end smart mattresses, better rest is just an algorithm away.
By Victoria Song
Building a Smarter Bedroom
Walk into any office, and it's not hard to spot who's had a rough night of sleep. They're most likely guzzling coffee at their desk, or dabbing on concealer to hide a bad case of raccoon eyes. But sleep deprivation is a real problem. Studies show that not getting enough rest not only leads to impaired cognitive skills, but also health risks like diabetes, depression, and weight gain or loss. And according to the Center for Disease Control, more than a third of American adults don't manage to get the recommended seven hours of shut eye per night.
While our smartphones and their blue light get blamed for keeping us awake, there's also a lot of tech out there intended to have the opposite effect. Of course, most of us won't be buying $20,000 smart mattresses anytime soon, but you don't have to spend a lot to get a better night's rest.
Track Your Sleep
In addition to heart rate and steps, sleep is an increasingly popular metric among current fitness trackers. Now, these trackers don't actually do anything to help you sleep. But gaining insight into your sleeping patterns is the first step toward identifying problems and fixing them.
The Garmin vivosport and Fitbit Alta HR, for instance, both track sleep stages like light, deep, and awake. Fitbit's Sleep Stages feature even offers a detailed breakdown of your night, as well as a rolling 30-day average and benchmarks comparing you with other Fitbit users of your age and gender. In general, you'll want to opt for a tracker with continuous heart rate monitoring for the most accurate results. Accelerometer-only trackers tend to paint a more general picture.
Smartwatches are also capable of sleep tracking, but they tend to have shorter battery lives, which makes them less likely to be used overnight. While you can download apps to turn your Apple Watch Series 3 into a sleep tracker, its 24-to-48-hour battery life means you might want to be charging it instead.
The thing about wrist-based trackers is that you may not find them comfortable to sleep with. If you don't like sleeping with something on your wrist, you might want to check out a less intrusive option, like the Motiv Ring.
Once Upon a Smart Mattress
If the wearable life doesn't appeal to you, you can go all in with smart bedding. Throw out your old springbox mattress and upgrade to a high-tech smart bed like the SleepNumber 360, the Eight Sleep Smart Mattress, or the Magni Smartech. But what do these smart mattresses offer over their traditional counterparts?
For starters, they have sensors that can measure your movement, respiration, and heart rate. They can even pick up sound to detect when you're snoring. Then, depending on your sleep patterns and preferences, they can adjust firmness or softness, or even elevate your head (to stop snoring). The SleepNumber 360 can also warm your feet, and the Eight Sleep can warm up either side of the bed. The Magni Smartech even features full-body massage and chromatherapy (color therapy) lights.
The other component is a companion app, where you can view your sleep data and score judging the quality of your rest. Like fitness trackers, this information itself doesn't help you sleep better, but can help you determine what is and isn't working. Do you sleep worse on the days you drink coffee in the afternoon? Try cutting it out for a week and see if the quality of your sleep improves.
The big catch with smart mattresses is that they cost a pretty penny. The SleepNumber 360 starts off at around $2,800, while the Magni Smartech shocked even jaded CES 2018 showgoers with its $20,000 price. The Eight Sleep Smart Mattress is the most affordable, but not a bargain at $950.
If you're not much of a high roller, there are more reasonable options that work with your existing mattress. The $99 Nokia Sleep—an updated version of the Withings Aura—is a thin pad that goes under your mattress. It tracks metrics like heart rate, movement, and respiration, and plugs into Nokia's ecosystem of health products. Similarly, the SleepScore Max is a no-contact sensor that sits on your nightstand. It tracks your sleep, the environmental temperature, and ambient light.
And if you're worried about your little ones, they're covered too. The Nanit Sleep System is a cloud-based baby monitor that can also track their sleep patterns.
Electronic Lullabies
If noisy neighbors are your biggest problem, the Nightingale is a smart white noise sleep system you can integrate into your existing smart home setup via If This Then That (IFTTT). The Dreem is a futuristic headband that measures your brainwaves and uses bone conduction to play therapeutic sounds to help you drift off.
Smart pillows are mostly focused on playing white noise. You might also consider a pillow insert, like the Smart Nora. It contains a pump that inflates when a bedside companion device hears snoring.
And if waking up is your issue, try a smart alarm clock. There are plenty on the market, but you can also use an Amazon Echo Spot to not only wake you up in the morning, but also to control smart devices throughout your home.
Tech can also help you make sure that your bedroom is a place where you want to, well, sleep. Try using smart bulbs for lighting that's more conducive to rest. Most color or ambient white bulbs will let you create a bedtime (or wake-up) routine. Since blue tones keep you up, you can adjust your lights to a warmer, yellower tone past a certain time. Likewise, you can program a gradual fade-in to intense blue-tone lighting that mimics natural daylight to slowly wake you up in the morning.
The Aromarest is a diffuser, Bluetooth speaker, and smart light all in one. Yes, a lot of sleep tech seems to be more conceptual than proven science. But hey, if it works for you, that's all that matters.
Sleep App-nea
If all these solutions sound like too much effort or investment, you can rest assured there are countless mobile apps aimed at helping you sleep. They tend fall into one of three categories: tracker, smart alarm, and white noise.
SleepCycle for iOS costs a mere $1, and uses your iPhone's accelerometer and microphone to track your sleep. All you have to do is plug it in and place it under your pillow. There are also plenty of Android counterparts, including the excellent (and free) Sleepbot.
For smart alarms, I can personally attest to the effectiveness of Alarmy (Sleep if U Can), available for both Android and iOS. If used properly (no cheating), there is no defeating it other than to delete it from your phone. The gist is that the app requires you to take a geo-specific photo, shake it furiously, or solve a math puzzle in order to turn it off. You can't turn down the volume, you can't hit snooze, and rebooting does nothing.
White noise apps are a dime a dozen, and for some people, a little white noise is all they need.
All in all, sleeping smarter doesn't have to be rocket science. No matter your budget, there's plenty sleep tech available to help you get a better night's rest.
Colgate and Oral-B Think Your Mouth Needs a Smart Toothbrush
Bic Wants to Watch How You Shave
Can This Lamp Make Reading Easier for Those With Dyslexia?
More in Health & Fitness
More Health & Fitness Reviews
Moxee Signal
More Health & Fitness Best Picks
The Best Heart Rate Monitors for 2020
The Best Smart Bathroom Scales for 2020
The Best Medical Alert Systems for 2020
About Victoria Song
Victoria Song was a wearables and smart home analyst at PCMag. Since graduating from Temple University's Japan Campus in 2010, she's been found reporting and editing in every corner of the newsroom at The ACCJ Journal, The Japan News, and New York bureau of The Yomiuri Shimbun. In her spare time, she bankrupts herself going to theater, buying expansions to board games, and cleaning out the stacks at The Strand. Someday, she hopes Liverpool FC will win the league, but she isn't holding her breath.
Read the latest from Victoria Song
Gear Envy: What's in Our Wearables Expert's Gym Bag?
Apple Watch Series 4 vs. Fitbit Versa: Which One Should You Buy?
With the Roomba i7+, You May Never Have to Lift a Finger Again
Waterproof Fitbit Charge 3 Features Bigger, Better Touch Screen
More from Victoria Song


See all of you're waiting with your heart in hand, no other writeups in this node.
It still wasn't ripe yet. I was waiting for it to change. Change it did, but it was never past the threshold of magic.
Up until then, it only displayed qualities of normal fruit. A very fine specimen to be sure, but never magical. I knew it had the potential. I expected it. That was what I waited for.
It was certainly tempting to pick it early. I checked it each morning. The usual plant care. No doubt it would have been great to harvest before magic took root. But that would have just meant an exceptional experience as far as what would be scientifically possible. It would not have been magical.
Sometimes I spent the better part of a morning staring at it, looking for some sign of magic, some hint of unexplained flame or twinkling starlight. But none would come. It was still beautiful, but only an earthly beauty, and I would be forced to go about my day disappointed at how normal everything still was.
I never really lost hope though, since I was sure things were always improving. Would I ever see magic burst forth from the leaves? I couldn't be sure. Maybe I would just grow old under the shadow of its earthly perfection. But I knew it would always be there, even if not quite as amazing as I was hoping for.
How long I had to wait, I didn't know. If some trace of magic did show, would it become increasingly powerful if I waited even longer? I wasn't sure how much patience I had in me. Many days, I was sorely tempted to stop waiting. But I would always remind myself it would ruin years of patience, all those months thrown down the drain without achieving anything out of the ordinary.
No, I would have to reach at least some semblance of the supernatural. What effects it would have, I didn't quite know. Some of the ancient texts promised changes beyond our wildest dreams. I didn't want to get my hopes up too much. While intense magic would have been nice, I was no wizard. Merely a common gardener. Small levels of magic would have been satisfactory considering how many of my peers never encountered any magic at all throughout their careers.
I was fortunate. These seeds, these books, this soil. I wasn't sure I deserved the gift given me those years ago, but the strangers told me no one else had spent as much time studying their methods as I had. They saw a hope in me that I still hadn't seen in myself.
They hoped I would be a tool in the revival of their magic. But after all that time, I still had no signs of magic in any of my observations of their gift, merely exceedingly healthy and beautiful trees.
I didn't know then that it had already sprouted. It was merely invisible to me. It took my orchard out of the bounds of reality. While everything looked normal to me, the orchard had gained the protection of what was growing within.
While I myself worried daily about everything from natural disaster to attack by bandits, the orchard had folded into another reality, one that would ensure the health of its fruit, no matter what happened on the outside.
The trees created their own security blanket, and it was I who was the fool for worrying so much about their future. I could not see what was happening, but the strangers did. They knew their trees were safe, just from the charge and glow only they could sense as they passed by. There was no need for them to talk to me, and so they didn't, leaving me to wonder if I was alone in the world to have to bring back the forests that once dominated this land.
And so I'd run back and forth between both these and my normal trees, trying to ensure their collective health, not realizing the magic had already become not only self-sustaining but they were sustaining my non-magical trees as well.
I went to the market to trade my non-magical fruit for all the normal necessities of life, as I had always done, not realizing the trees had begun sustaining me as well. My body was healthy, I was free from disease, but in those years, I assumed it was due to careful and healthy living on my part. But no, it was because I was a part of the protected orchard.
A decade later, people would tell me I looked young for my age. I thanked them. "Just lucky I guess." You can't control everything that happens to you. The so-called magical fruit still looked normal to me, even after all that time. I hadn't realized that my standards for what was considered normal had also been steadily increasing.
Fruit sold by other merchants paled in comparison, but I just dismissed any attempt to label what I had seen as magic. It was sneaking up on me so slowly that I was losing my sense of what was and wasn't normal. If they appeared to glow at night, was that really happening, or just a trick of the moon and starlight? If they appeared to stretch far into the night sky from within my orchard, but barely seemed to go anywhere when seen from the outside, was that just an optical illusion?
It was decades later, a period of time in which I had not seemed to age much at all, when the strangers returned. "We would like to pick a few of what you have grown," they told me.
I believe love and cats have nine lives. like voices chiming between layers Mamihlapinatapai The past is never dead. It's not even past.


Manchester United and Welsh football legend Ryan Giggs has recently completed a signing session for A1 Sporting Memorabilia. At the private signing session Ryan hand signed Manchester United shirts that are now available to purchase direct from A1 Sporting Memorabilia.
The private signing session with Ryan Giggs was completed in Manchester on 17/11/2010.
The stunning new products we have are a Ryan Giggs hand signed Manchester United number 11 shirt and a stunning and very rare Manchester United shirt dual hand signed by both United legends Ryan Giggs and Paul Scholes.
Click here to read more about our previous signing session with Paul Scholes.
Copyright © 2019 A1 Sporting Memorabilia.


Literally Canvas is an extensible, open source (BSD-licensed), that currently supports a minimal set of drawing operations. You can draw, erase, set the color with the eyedropper, undo, redo, pan, and zoom. It depends on.
The instance at the top of this page uses the for its resize feature, to demonstrate that you can resize the container element with impunity. Resizing on the right edge of the canvas causes weirdness, but you get the idea.
RESOLVED - How to send encoded query (or string) to php from jquery/ajax?
Does a Python 3 TCP Socket have to be connected in order to send data? Or not like UDP?


text:
Talking Numbers
Why Americans could soon be paying more for food
Published Tue, Mar 25 20148:38 PM EDT
Lawrence Lewitinn@lvlewitinn
Americans could soon be paying more for food
One of the most important commodities has soared in price over the past few weeks. And, if global tensions get worse, American consumers may be hit in their wallet.
Wheat prices have shot up 15% in the past month as the cold, dry weather takes its toll on America's farmland. Yet wheat is still about where it was last year at this time and 20% lower than where it was in August 2012. Wheat closed at $7.1575 per bushel on Wednesday.
(Read: )
CNBC contributor Andrew Busch, editor and publisher of The Busch Update, says the bad weather has made it difficult for farmers to plant.
"It's been cold and the ground hasn't thawed enough where they're going to get the seedlings in April," says Busch.
But, it's not just cold weather and drought conditions driving up wheat prices. Ukraine is in the midst of a standoff with Russia over the status of Crimea. Ukraine is the world's sixth-largest wheat export, notes Busch. He sees American consumers potentially paying for the difficult weather and difficult situation abroad.
"This will take more of their money away from discretionary spending," says Busch. "But, even within the food space, you'll star to see them gravitate towards store brands away from name brands that are sold by General Mills, for instance, if the prices continue to rise."
Talking Numbers contributor Richard Ross, Global Technical Strategist at Auerbach Grayson, believes the charts show that the wheat rally is hitting a critical point, though he is reluctant to rely on technicals too much in this situation.
"Technicians are always reticent to ascribe too much importance to the shorter-term technicals," says Ross, "when we have a situation in an agricultural commodity which is driven by these exogenous factors such as weather, such as Crimea. Ukraine [is] the breadbasket of Europe."
(Read: For US-Russia, Cold War and corn share long history)
The shaky political climate in Eastern Europe will override many chart patterns, according to Ross. Nevertheless, he sees the $7.15 per bushel level as being a critical resistance point based on price patterns over the past few months.
"In the short-term, probably wouldn't chase it here if I were a trader," says Ross. "But, on the same hand, if you were going to short wheat, you've got to keep a tight leash on that short position because above $7.15, there's not a lot standing in the way."
Busch thinks there's one weapon Russia can use should it feel backed in a corner over its position with Crimea. And that could be the catalyst to push wheat prices even higher.
"We don't know how far these sanctions against Russia are going to go," says Busch. "If they really extend a lot, then Russia can do what they've done in the past, which is shut down wheat exports. That would send the price up significantly."
To see the full discussion on wheat with Busch on the fundamentals and Ross on the technicals, watch the video above.
Follow us on Twitter: @CNBCNumbers
Like us on Facebook: facebook.com/CNBCNumbers


Early Childhood Education - B.S.Ed.
Degree & Major: Early Childhood Education - B.S.Ed.
Description: This program prepares students for a professional four-year certificate in Georgia for teaching grades P-5. Requirements and prerequisites in the teaching field should be considered in choosing courses in the first and second years. All prospective teachers should plan their program with their advisor. Students must maintain an overall GPA of 2.8 and earn a C or better in all area VI and professional sequence courses. Students must apply for this restricted major.
The Early Childhood Education program has three cohorts starting each semester. Each cohort consists of four semesters of course work, including one semester of student teaching. Applicants must apply for a specific fall or spring semester. Please visit the Educational Theory and Practice website at https://coe.uga.edu/academics/degrees/bsed/early-childhood-education for the application and deadlines.
Career Opportunities: An individual with a teaching certificate in early childhood education can be licensed to teach all subjects in grades P-5. A passing score on the GACE Content Assessment, the GACE Exit Ethics Assessment, and the edTPA Assessment is required for certification.
of Transfer Students: Students are encouraged to contact the academic advisor for specific transfer information.
Study Abroad: Early Childhood Education: Modena, Italy; Early Childhood Education: Ghana; College of Education at Oxford; Consortium for Overseas Student Teaching (COST).
Service Learning: Service Learning content and experiences are integrated into program courses.


text:
Geography and Environmental Science
Our news & events
Studying here
Visits & open days
What our students think
Geography and Environmental Science engages directly with many contemporary concerns including globalisation, climate change, environmental management and cultural transformation.
Our students are part of a transformative, dynamic and supportive community where our staff and students work in partnership to explore and address the greatest social and environmental challenges facing our world today and into the future. We are really proud that Geography at Southampton is ranked 5th in the UK in The Guardian University Guide 2022 (Geography & Environmental Studies). Our students are academically challenged through the application of the latest world-leading research and supported by a community who are focused on ensuring our students reach their full potential.
Our innovative BA and BSc Geography undergraduate degree programmes are both accredited by Royal Geographical Society with IBG and are delivered by recognised experts, allowing you to gain valuable transferable skills that enhance your employability. Our Environmental Science options are interdisciplinary degrees that you can tailor to develop specialist knowledge and skills. All of our degrees are a passport to vocational and non-vocational careers alike, with recent graduates employed in fields ranging from environmental consultancy, financial services and market research through to local government, public policy and education.
Find an undergraduate degree
We offer programmes in physical and human geography as well as related programmes with other Faculties.
Exciting opportunities to work in the field
Apply your knowledge directly in the field with our exciting range of fieldtrips.
We offer a range of international exchanges for our students and to overseas students interested in coming to the UK to study with us.
From fieldtrips to studying abroad, find out what our students think about studying with us.
We provide a range of support as well as placement opportunities to help your career path.
See for yourself what it's like to study with us at Southampton.
Switzerland fieldtrip
Student Lewis Kramer filmed his experience in the Alps.
Visit the fieldwork page
Apply hereOrder a prospectus
Southampton has provided me the opportunity to travel; be it as part of the Study Abroad exchange programme, the many diverse field trips within my course in BSc Geography or those offered from various societies across the University.
Tasha Wallum , BSc Geography
The Geography department and combined Oceanography department were very strong, particularly in terms of research, which I thought would give me a fantastic platform for my academia alongside the opportunity to become involved in extracurricular activities.
Ali Edmonds , BA Geography


TAG palettes are available in a variety of sizes and styles. The TAG split cake palette is a best seller at Silly Farm because it combines practicality and intense color. You can start off with a basic TAG palette or jump right in a customize your own Pro palette with 12 of your favorite colors. Either way you are going to LOVE the TAG line.


text:
The American century : a history of the United States since the 1890s, Walter LaFeber, Richard Polenberg, and Nancy Woloch
The Resource The American century : a history of the United States since the 1890s, Walter LaFeber, Richard Polenberg, and Nancy Woloch
The item The American century : a history of the United States since the 1890s, Walter LaFeber, Richard Polenberg, and Nancy Woloch represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Massey University Library, University of New Zealand.
LaFeber, Walter
Polenberg, Richard
Woloch, Nancy, 1940-
The new edition of this classic text on modern U.S. history brings the story of contemporary America into the second decade of the twenty-first century with new coverage of the Obama presidency and the 2012 elections. Written by three highly respected scholars, the book seamlessly blends political, social, cultural, intellectual, and economic themes into an authoritative and readable account of our increasingly complex national story. The seventh edition retains its affordability and conciseness while continuing to add the most recent scholarship. Each chapter contains a special feature sectio
London | New York, Routledge, 2015
Seventh edition
1890s: The beginnings of modern America
1900-1917: The progressive era
1900-1917: A progressive foreign policy - from peace to war
1917-1920: the failure of World War I
1920-1929: The new era
1929-1936: The Depression and the New Deal
1933-1941: Hard times - politics and society
1929-1941: The big breakdown - The United States and the world
1941-1947: War and peace
1941-1947: One world into two
1947-1952: The America of the Cold War
1952-1957: Eisenhower and the American consensus
1957:1963: New frontiers at home and abroad
1963-1968: The great society and Vietnam
1969-1975: The imperial Presidency and Watergate
1976-1984: New directions
1985-1992: The end of the Cold War
1993-2000: The road to the twenty-first century
9/11: Causes and consequences
2007-2012: Obama -"American is a place where all things are possible" (Sometimes)
The American century : a history of the United States since the 1890s
The American century
a history of the United States since the 1890s
Walter LaFeber, Richard Polenberg, and Nancy Woloch
United States -- Foreign relations -- 21st century
United States -- Foreign relations -- 20th century
United States -- History -- 20th century
United States -- History -- 21st century
Woloch, Nancy
1890s: The beginnings of modern America -- 1900-1917: The progressive era -- 1900-1917: A progressive foreign policy - from peace to war -- 1917-1920: the failure of World War I -- 1920-1929: The new era -- 1929-1936: The Depression and the New Deal -- 1933-1941: Hard times - politics and society -- 1929-1941: The big breakdown - The United States and the world -- 1941-1947: War and peace -- 1941-1947: One world into two -- 1947-1952: The America of the Cold War -- 1952-1957: Eisenhower and the American consensus -- 1957:1963: New frontiers at home and abroad -- 1963-1968: The great society and Vietnam -- 1969-1975: The imperial Presidency and Watergate -- 1976-1984: New directions -- 1985-1992: The end of the Cold War -- 1993-2000: The road to the twenty-first century -- 9/11: Causes and consequences -- 2007-2012: Obama -"American is a place where all things are possible" (Sometimes)
(electronic book)
InternetBorrow it
Albany, Auckland, 0632, NZ

 Data from The American century : a history of the United States since the 1890s, Walter LaFeber, Richard Polenberg, and Nancy Woloch - Massey University Library, University of New Zealand

Data Citation of the Item The American century : a history of the United States since the 1890s, Walter LaFeber, Richard Polenberg, and Nancy Woloch
http://link.massey.ac.nz/portal/The-American-century--a-history-of-the-United/j-2vk9ETVKE/
http://library.link/portal/The-American-century--a-history-of-the-United/j-2vk9ETVKE/


Leland O. Cook [Parents] was born on 19 Jun 1902 in Wyoming Co,WV. He died in Jan 1975. He married Myrtle B. Browning in 1922.
Myrtle B. Browning [Parents] was born in 1903 in Wyoming Co, WV. She married Leland O. Cook in 1922.
Ezra Lowell Cook [Parents] was born on 15 Dec 1909 in Wyoming Co,WV. He died on 23 Dec 1987 in WV. He married Tressie Jane Blankenship.
Tressie Jane Blankenship [Parents] was born on 27 May 1912 in Wyoming Co, WV. She died on 9 Feb 1987 in WV. She married Ezra Lowell Cook.
Perry E. Cook [Parents] was born on 26 May 1888 in Oceana, Wyoming Co,WV. He died on 4 Dec 1941 in Oceana, Wyoming,WV. He was buried on 7 Dec 1941 in William Walker,Cemetery,Oceana,Wyoming Co, WV. He married Pearl E. Toler on 29 Jun 1912 in Wyoming Co, WV.
Pearl E. Toler [Parents] was born in 1888 in Oceana,Wyoming Co,WV. She married Perry E. Cook on 29 Jun 1912 in Wyoming Co, WV.
M i Cecil L. Cook was born in 1914.
F ii Ruby Cook was born in 1915.
Dewey Nelson [Parents] was born in 1905 in WV. He married Ruby Cook on 13 Nov 1930 in Logan Co, WV.
Ruby Cook [Parents] was born in 1915 in Wyoming Co, WV. She married Dewey Nelson on 13 Nov 1930 in Logan Co, WV.
Sherman Lowell McKinney [Parents] was born on 22 Apr 1934 in Basin, Wyoming Co, WV. He died on 11 Feb 2008 in Princeton Community Hospital, Princeton, Mercer Co, WV. He was buried on 14 Feb 2008 in Roselawn Memorial Gardens, Princeton, Mercer Co, WV. He married Opal Shrewsbury in 1958.
Opal Shrewsbury.Opal married Sherman Lowell McKinney in 1958.
Harrison Sizemore [Parents] was born on 5 Aug 1902 in WV. He married Nancy J. Sizemore.
Nancy J. Sizemore [Parents] was born on 25 Aug 1906 in Wyoming Co, WV. She married Harrison Sizemore.
F i Virginia L. Sizemore was born in 1934. She died in 1987.
Buren McKinney [Parents] was born on 2 May 1927. He married Virginia L. Sizemore.
Virginia L. Sizemore [Parents] was born in 1934. She died in 1987. She was buried in Mckinney Cemetery , Basin, Wyoming Co, WV. She married Buren McKinney.
William Gordon Cline [Parents] was born on 4 Jul 1857 in Walkers Creek, Bland Co, VA. He died on 7 May 1946 in Peterstown, MOnroe Co, WV. He married Francis.
Francis.Francis married William Gordon Cline.
Irvin James Allen Sr was born on 28 May 1890 in Montgomery Co, VA. He died on 5 Jul 1970. He was buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Norfolk, VA. He married Millie E. Cline on 16 May 1912 in Welch, McDowell Co, WV.
Millie E. Cline [Parents] was born on 16 Jan 1890 in Tazewell, Tazewell Co, VA. She died on 21 Mar 1953 in Norfolk, VA. She was buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Norfolk, VA. She married Irvin James Allen Sr on 16 May 1912 in Welch, McDowell Co, WV.
F i Donna Allen was born on 21 Apr 1913. She died on 23 Apr 2005.
M ii Irvin James Allen Jr was born on 16 Feb 1915. He died on 28 Aug 1991.
F iii Doris Allen was born on 10 Mar 1918. She died on 18 Aug 2008.
F iv Iris Grey Allen was born on 28 Jan 1920. She died on 15 Nov 1993.
F v Marilyn Cline Allen was born on 24 Jun 1923. She died on 8 Mar 2000.
F vii Mary A. Allen.
Leonard C. Agee.Leonard married Mary Mollie Cline.
Mary Mollie Cline [Parents] was born on 16 Nov 1887 in Tazewell Co, VA. She died on 3 Sep 1972 in McDowell Co, WV. She was buried in Maplewood Cemetery, Tazewell, Tazewell Co, VA. She married Leonard C. Agee.


text:
Topics: Privacy ProgramData PrivacySmart Devices
Girard Kelly Counsel & Director, Privacy Review
Learn more about the privacy practices of e-reader apps and devices
Girard Kelly | August 10, 2020
With many children and students home during the coronavirus pandemic, parents and educators are looking for more smart tech devices that can be used not only for entertainment and personal development, but also to support distance learning. However, many households don't have reliable high-speed internet or sufficient data plans, let alone enough adequate devices, such as computers, laptops, or tablets.
Common Sense just released a new state-by-state report on the digital divide for America's K–12 students, which showed that the divide is much larger than previously estimated and that it affects our nation's teachers, too. This analysis found that 15 to 16 million K–12 public school students (or 30% of all K–12 public school students) and 300,000 to 400,000 K–12 teachers (roughly 10% of all public school teachers) lack the quality connectivity and device hardware necessary to support distance learning tools, like virtual classrooms or video tutorials.
Many schools that previously had only one smart device or laptop per several students have quickly adapted to emergency distance learning by purchasing new educational technology, including multipurpose laptops, e-readers, and tablets, to make sure each student has an appropriate device for distance learning this fall. Because of this surge in demand, we tested the most popular e-reader and tablet devices K-12 students use to identify the potential privacy risks and harms that may affect children, students, and families.
To jump to a specific section of this article, please click on a link below:
Products we rated
What are e-readers?
What should parents and educators do?
How we rate privacy
How we test security
Compare privacy ratings
We tested the following e-reader devices and companion reading apps:
Apple Books on the iPad
FreeTime Unlimited on the Amazon Fire HD Kids Edition Tablet
Nook on the Barnes and Noble Nook GlowLight 3
Kindle on the Amazon Kindle Paperwhite
Samsung Kids+ on the Samsung Galaxy Tab A
Google Play Books on the Lenovo Smart Tab M10
An e-reader is a smart tech device that uses software on a handheld hardware device to display books, articles, and other text-based content. Content may be downloaded from the internet through a particular service or subscription, or as a one-time purchase. E-readers were initially considered a luxury purchase or status symbol, but prices of e-readers have fallen rapidly in the past few years. As they have become more affordable, more and more kids and teens use them every day.
However, not all e-readers are the same. There are inexpensive e-readers with only one basic feature and more expensive models with dozens of advanced features. There are even e-readers designed for specific purposes or associated with particular vendors, like the Amazon Kindle. Some e-readers collect very little sensitive data, but others are designed to collect as much sensitive data as possible, with thousands of data points used to create a profile about the individual.
For our testing, we focused on just e-readers and tablets kids and teens use for reading. We spoke with many parents and educators to learn what are the most popular smart e-readers used by kids as young as 4 at home, teens up to 18 years old on the go, and students in K-12 classrooms. We categorized dozens of popular e-readers by brand name, price, gender, age group, and features.
It was difficult to choose only a handful of popular e-readers, but we carefully selected six models for this article that we believe are representative of most types of e-readers and tablets used for reading on the market today. We chose e-readers based on popular brand names, price range, and number and level (basic to advanced) of features. We also chose e-readers used by children and students in every major age group at home, outdoors, and in the classroom.
Children and data privacy
When it comes to their children and students, parents and educators value the ability to understand and control what information is collected from e-readers and tablets. One common concern is whether parents who use e-readers at home and educators who use them in the classroom know what sensitive personal health information is being collected and how it is used. And if so, do you know how to control what information is collected and whether your child's or students' personal data is being used to deliver personalized or targeted ads? E-readers can request access to your mobile device location, modify storage, make phone calls, view contacts, save photos, play media, and access files on the device. More advanced features can also request access to view your calendar, modify contacts, view call logs, send emails, and respond to text messages.
The facts: E-readers are treated as trusted devices and can collect a significant amount of sensitive data and personal information.
The feelings: Parents and educators may have feelings about e-readers always collecting data from their children and students while learning—basically every time they pick up the device and start reading. This is often referred to as the "creepiness" factor and could include collecting sensitive data without express permission or using the data for purposes other than what the device was initially purchased to be used for.
The future: Beyond what is currently collected and how it is used, e-readers and tablets may store sensitive data indefinitely. At some point, companies may use the data in ways that no one has yet imagined.
Parents and educators have several options when deciding whether to purchase an e-reader or tablet reading device. Some may be thinking about whether to buy an e-reader at all, and others may have already made up their mind to buy one, but aren't sure which one is best for privacy. Some may have bought an e-reader and want to know how to change its privacy settings to best protect their children or students. Parents and educators may also want to know how to exercise their data rights and tell companies not to sell their data.
Check the privacy settings. All e-readers and tablets have settings on the device itself and settings inside the companion application that allow different data collection features to be turned on or off. If it's not necessary to collect personal data or send and receive messages to the device, then these extra features can be turned off to minimize the amount of sensitive information collected.
Turn off the e-reader. Children and students should have the device on only when they're using it and when an adult is present to supervise use.
Check which apps are installed on the e-reader. Remove unwanted third-party apps to limit information collection to only the device's manufacturer.
Ask companies not to sell your data. Use free online resources, like donotsell.org, to request that companies not sell personal data for profit.
Make your preferences known to companies and legislators. Many parents have taken (or wanted to take) steps to limit data collection—and about half of those surveyed think they have, and half want to but they don't know how. This is the jumping-off point for action. The next step is to empower parents and educators so that they actually have this control and use it. Legislators can support this practice by mandating features allowing parental controls, and when that doesn't fully protect kids, allowing the information to be deleted from devices and databases.
Make informed decisions about which e-readers to buy and use. This article is a snapshot of e-readers right now. Business practices change rapidly as companies think creatively about how to gather, process, and sell data. In deciding whether to purchase or use an e-reader, consider the impact on children that may use the device. Factor into your decision the cost of the device, purchases that may be made with the device or companion app, and the potential use of your personal information by the device manufacturers and other companies the device might share your data with over time.
Privacy and security are intertwined, and security is the foundation of effective individual privacy. When evaluating whether to have children use an e-reader or tablet for reading at home or in the classroom, parents and teachers need a comprehensive understanding of both the privacy policies and security practices of the device. To create a truly comprehensive evaluation process, the Common Sense Privacy Program completes a full, in-depth, 150-point inspection of a product's privacy policies in order to offer privacy ratings that are easy to understand.
We also did hands-on security testing of each smart device, based on Consumer Reports' Digital Standard. The standard is a set of expectations for how smart tech manufacturers should handle privacy, security, and other digital rights. The goal of the Digital Standard testing criteria is to educate consumers about a product's privacy policy and security practices, and to influence smart tech manufacturers to take these concerns into consideration when developing their products.
The Privacy Program uses the Digital Standard to do security testing of the 10 most critical security practices that parents and educators say they need to make an informed decision. These security practices include information collection from a smart device and its companion mobile application, and the transmission of information between the device and the internet.
In addition to basic security testing of these most critical security practices, Common Sense created an 80-point full security assessment of the most important security practices of a smart device and companion mobile application that incorporates Consumer Report's Digital Standard with the Ranking Digital Rights questions and OWASP IoT security questions.
The combination of Common Sense's privacy evaluation and Consumer Report's Digital Standard security testing criteria results in the most comprehensive testing of a smart device and its companion mobile application currently available for consumers to help them make an informed decision about whether to use a product with their children and students.
The following ratings and scores are from our privacy evaluation results of the default e-reader apps installed on each smart e-reader or tablet device. For more privacy evaluation information about each product, click on the app's name in the chart below to read about each e-reader and companion mobile applications in more detail. The following chart illustrates a range of privacy practices from "best" to "poor" based on our privacy ratings. Products that score a "poor" are not necessarily unsafe, but they have a higher number of privacy problems than the "average" product. Similarly, products that score "best" are not necessarily problem-free, but had relatively fewer problems compared with other products.
Reading apps
Privacy Rating
Data Sold
Data Safety
Ads and Tracking
Apple Books 79% Pass Good Best Best Best Good Average Best Good Poor
Google Play Books 75% Warning Good Best Best Best Average Average Average Good Poor
FreeTime Unlimited 63% Warning Average Good Average Best Average Fair Average Good Poor
Amazon Kindle 62% Warning Average Good Average Best Average Fair Average Good Poor
Barnes and Noble Nook 62% Warning Fair Good Fair Best Average Average Average Good Poor
Samsung Kids+ 43% Warning Fair Average Fair Good Fair Poor Fair Average Poor
Guide to the ratings: The information in this table provides a snapshot of each product's Common Sense privacy rating from July 1, 2020. Expert evaluators assessed different privacy-related concerns and ranked a product's practices from "best" to "poor," with special attention given to how these privacy practices affect kids and families. Key: Best (81–100); Good (61–80); Average (41–60); Fair (21–40); Poor (0–20).
From the privacy concern chart above, you can see that Apple received the highest overall score and the only "pass" rating, while Samsung received the lowest overall score with a "warning" rating. For example, Apple did better than Samsung in every category. Surprisingly, Amazon Kindle, FreeTime Unlimited, and Barnes and Noble Nook all received similar overall scores, but had different strengths and weaknesses in their concern scores that contributed to their overall points.
For example, Amazon Kindle had better data collection and security practices, but Barnes and Noble Nook had better practices in place for protecting data collected from children with parental consent and describing school use by educators. However, Amazon Kindle and Amazon FreeTime Unlimited share many of the same privacy policies, but even with an additional FreeTime Unlimited specific privacy policy that prohibited interest-based advertising to kids, there was no other meaningful difference between Amazon Kindle and FreeTime's overall score or rating.
Google Play Book's overall score came in a close second to Apple Books, but Google lost points in the concern category of selling data, and the use of advertising and tracking practices which can put children and students personal information at risk. Google did have better privacy practices than Apple when it came to parental consent, but did not provide any information about how it protects student data privacy in K-12 schools and districts.
The following chart compares the privacy practices of the all e-reading apps we tested which are used to determine their privacy ratings. These worse practices can put children's and students' privacy at risk by selling personal data to third-party companies or use of personal information for third-party marketing, advertising, tracking, or ad-profiling purposes.
Sell Data
Third-party Marketing
Targeted Ads
Third-party Tracking
Track Users
Ad Profile
Apple Books 79% Pass No No No No No No
Google Play Books 75% Warning No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
FreeTime Unlimited 63% Warning No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Amazon Kindle 62% Warning No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Barnes and Noble Nook 62% Warning Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Samsung Kids+ 43% Warning No Unclear Unclear Yes Unclear Unclear
1. Apple Books
From the privacy ratings chart above, you can see that Apple's policies received a "pass" rating because they did not engage in any of the worse practices—for the purposes of our privacy evaluation—that prohibit selling data, or engaging in third-party marketing, targeted advertising, or tracking of children or students. Read the full privacy evaluation.
Privacy Rating:
DATA SAFETY DATA RIGHTS ADS & TRACKING
How safe is this product? What rights do I have to the data? Are there advertisements or tracking?
Users cannot interact with trusted users and/or students. Opt-in consent is requested from users at the time personal information is collected. Data is not shared for third-party advertising and/or marketing.
Users can interact with untrusted users, including strangers and/or adults. Users can control their information through privacy settings. Traditional or contextual advertisements are not displayed.
Profile information is shared for social interactions. Users can create or upload content. Behavioral or targeted advertising is not displayed.
2. Google Play Books
Google's policies received a "warning" rating because their policies disclose they engage in third-party marketing, targeted advertising, and user tracking across the internet. Read the full privacy evaluation.
Users cannot interact with trusted users and/or students. Opt-in consent is requested from users at the time personal information is collected. Data is shared for third-party advertising and/or marketing.
Users cannot interact with untrusted users, including strangers and/or adults. Users can control their information through privacy settings. Traditional or contextual advertisements are displayed.
Profile information is not shared for social interactions. Users cannot create or upload content. Behavioral or targeted advertising is displayed.
3. Amazon FreeTime Unlimited
Amazon's FreeTime Unlimited policies are almost the same as Amazon Kindle because they share the same Amazon privacy policy, terms of service, and children's policy. FreeTime includes additional product-specific policies, but Amazon missed an opportunity to include stronger privacy protections for children and students using the app, so their scores and ratings remained similar to Amazon Kindle. Read the full privacy evaluation.
Unclear whether users can interact between trusted users and/or students. Opt-in consent is requested from users at the time personal information is collected. Data is shared for third-party advertising and/or marketing.
Users can interact with untrusted users, including strangers and/or adults. Unclear whether users can control their information through privacy settings. Traditional or contextual advertisements are displayed.
Profile information is shared for social interactions. Users cannot create or upload content. Behavioral or targeted advertising is not displayed.
4. Amazon Kindle
Amazon Kindle's policies also received a "warning" rating because they disclose the same worse privacy practices (used for our ratings) as Google, which include third-party marketing, targeted advertising, and tracking users across the internet. Read the full privacy evaluation.
Unclear whether this product supports interactions with trusted users and/or students. Opt-in consent is requested from users at the time personal information is collected. Data is shared for third-party advertising and/or marketing.
Users can interact with untrusted users, including strangers and/or adults. Users can control their information through privacy settings. Traditional or contextual advertisements are displayed.
Profile information is shared for social interactions. Users can create or upload content. Behavioral or targeted advertising is displayed.
5. Barnes and Noble Nook
Barnes and Noble received a "warning" rating because according to their privacy policy, they engage in every worse privacy practice (used for our ratings). This is troublesome, but the policies say the Nook app and devices are not intended for children to use. Read the full privacy evaluation.
Unclear whether users can interact with trusted users and/or students. Opt-in consent is requested from users at the time personal information is collected. Data is shared for third-party advertising and/or marketing.
6. Samsung Kids+
Samsung Kids' has a product-specific privacy policy just for Kids+, but Samsung missed an opportunity to put in place stronger privacy protections for children than Samsung's other products. The Samsung Kids+ privacy policy does not discuss many of the critical privacy issues that parents and educators care about, so Samsung received several "unclear" warnings in the chart above. Read the full privacy evaluation.
Unclear whether users can interact with trusted users and/or students. Opt-in consent is requested from users at the time personal information is collected. Unclear if data is shared for third-party advertising and/or marketing.
Unclear whether users can interact with untrusted users, including strangers and/or adults. Users can control their information through privacy settings. Traditional or contextual advertisements are displayed.
Unclear whether profile information is not shared for social interactions. Users can create or upload content. Unclear if behavioral or targeted advertising is displayed.
To learn more about the security practices of these e-reader devices, check out our article Compare E-Reader Devices: Which Ones Protect the Security of Your Personal Information?
Compare E-Reader Devices: Which Ones Protect the Security of Your...
Smartwatch Privacy for Kids During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Compare the Privacy Practices of the Most Popular Smart Speakers...


Installed ambient temperature sensor for 0°F-130°F operating range ensures the battery will never be overcharged or undercharged regardless of temperature extremes. Optional "at the battery" sensor is also available for greater accuracy when battery and charger are not in same ambient temperature environment.
Diagnostic LED indicators for power, polarity reversal, battery weak, load, bad cell, testing, desulfating, temperature compensation, charging stage and charge level.
Plug 'n Run operation-no buttons to push.
Weatherproof / water and intrusion resistant to International Standard IP65. FCC certified.
Microprocessor controlled ensures accurate-precise charging and maintenance during entire lifetime of unit.
Maintains up to six batteries at a time (six 12 Volt batteries connected in parallel). Requires use of Y-Connectors 210AY (sold separately) or customer supplied 18-Gauge insulated wire.
Extremely efficient, low operating costs.
Automatic disconnect and resume if AC power is interrupted.
Short circuit, spark, polarity and thermal runaway protection.
Worldwide 100-240 VAC 50/60 Hz input.
Order today and receive free standard shipping on your BatteryMINDer 12 Volt 2 Amp Battery Charger with FREE Battery Condition Indicator. Only valid in the contiguous 48 states and not valid with any other offer.
Important Note: This charger is specific to Wet batteries. It will not work with AGM batteries. For these batteries, please see this charger.
Using an array of microprocessor controlled sensors, BatteryMINDer Model 2012 for Wet and Gel batteries actively monitors your battery's voltage, amperage acceptance, and temperature at all times. Working through a series of charging and diagnostics stages, the internal program adjusts its output several times a second based on sensor reading to quickly and correctly charge your battery. When used as a maintainer, the BatteryMINDer is guaranteed to maximize your battery's life and storage capacity. The temperature compensated long-term float (maintenance) stage can add years of service, and patented full-time pulse desulfation is designed to reverse and eliminate battery sulfation, the #1 cause of early battery failure.
Power, polarity reversal, battery weak, load, bad cell, testing, desulfating, temperature compensation, charging stage and charge level indicators.
Maximize battery life and capacity, recondition weak batteries.
Maintain up to 6 batteries at a time.
1 year 100% money back guarantee, 5 year manufacturers warranty.
*Including but not limited to: Flooded (filler cap / maintenance-free), starter, deep cycle and hybrid.
I needed to charge my batteries while we had our RV in storage. I tried several methods, plugging in the 50 amp plug through a 30 amp adapter via 15 amp source, but the inventor in the RV would not charge the batteries to full charge. I called BatterMinder and they recommended their model 2012 unit. I installed in the next day (very simple) and the (2) parallel batteries charged up to full charge in one day. I was not looking for a quick solution, just one that would work without me having to troubleshoot my electrical system. I like the way the charger monitors the batteries and guarantees to not overcharge.
Very easy to use and works great. Keeps my RV battery how a battery should be all the time.
Very satisfied with this product. It brought two "dead" heavy-duty batteries back to life and continues to maintain them.
I use this product to maintain a Celestron 17amp Power Pack. This prodoct works as promised and is easy to use.
Battery Mart's purchasing department constantly works with suppliers to offer our customers the web's best prices. But we cannot guarantee our negotiated rock bottom prices on BatteryMINDer 12 Volt 2 Amp Battery Charger with FREE Battery Condition Indicator will remain this low after April 22, 2019. Buy today for $85.37 and save ($85.37) (-inf%).