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Archive for the 'world war 2' Category
Methamphetamine Was the Secret to Hitler's Blitzkrieg Successes
Posted: November 2, 2016 in Hitler, Methamphetamine, world war 2, World War II
Tags: drugs, Germany, Hitler, methamphetamine, Philip Perry, war, wold war 2, WWII
by Philip Perry
Hitler's charisma, demagoguery, and ability to mobilize Germany behind him have been much written about and discussed. His failed attempt to fight a war on two fronts, and making the same mistake as Napoleon—invading Russia, have also been topics exhausted by scholars and armchair historians alike. But new revelations, such as the fact that the Fuhrer had a micropenis, are changing completely how we view the Second World War.
A 47-page dossier reveals that the rise of Nazi Germany was fueled by drug use. Hitler himself was taking 74 separate drugs, including a powerful opioid, and what we would consider today methamphetamine (crystal meth). The US military report, developed over the course of the war, outlines a number of different substances ingested by the Fuhrer including morphine, barbiturates, tranquilizers, and even bull's semen.
The bull's semen was supposed to restore the Fuhrer's libido in to keep up with his much younger girlfriend, and to make him appear energetic and masculine before the populace. The other drugs were to help alleviate a range of issues from stomach cramps to perhaps, what some historians believe were the symptoms of bipolar disorder.
German writer Norman Ohler covers drug use in Nazi Germany in his new book, The Total Rush (Der Totale Rausch). In America, its entitled Blitzed. The book was a huge success in Germany and has since been translated into 18 languages. According to Ohler, though drugs played a pivotal role, historians overlooked it due to little interest in Hitler's personal physician, Dr. Theodor Morell.
Injections of bull semen supposedly helped Hitler keep up with girlfriend Eva Braun, pictured here.
Ohler's friend Alexander Kramer, who owns a vast collection of books and memorabilia from the war period and earlier, was the first to tell Ohler about the role narcotics played. Ohler said he knew immediately it would be the subject of his next book. Though he is not an historian, Third Reich expert Hans Mommsen, now deceased, aided the author in his quest. Ohler spent years in archives to piece the story together.
It all begins during the Weimar Republic, and the rise of Hitler. His inner circle lionized him, portraying him as a superior man in mind and body, who never ate meat, never touched drugs or alcohol, or even women. In 1933 when he rose to power, all intoxicating drugs were banned. Addicts were soon executed by the state or sent off to the camps.
Dr. Fritz Hauschild in Berlin developed what was first known in Germany as methyl-amphetamine. In 1937 the company he worked for expressed the hopes of using it to become a rival of Coca Cola. By 1938, the drug became pervasive and available without a prescription. Soon, almost everyone in Germany was using the drug, known as Pervitin, to boost confidence, energy, and attitude.
As ubiquitously as coffee today, it was regarded in much the same way. Housewives ate Pervitin-laced chocolates which allow them to get housework done in a jiffy and even helped them lose weight. Though health and fitness were upheld as a supreme cultural value, the populace and their leader were all in actuality, smashed on drugs.
It was Dr. Otto Ranke, the director of the Institute for General and Defense Physiology, who decided Pervitin was a good way to help soldiers avoid exhaustion. It allowed them to remain awake for long periods, march for miles, and fight in terrifying conditions fearlessly. Before invading France in 1940, Nazi soldiers were instructed to take tablets of Pervitin throughout the day and night. The invasion of Poland was also fueled by meth.
Although Ohler said his mentor told him never to rely on just one cause, the author says the blitzkrieg was utterly dependent on Pervitin. Otherwise, Hitler's forces could have never swept through Europe as quickly as they did. Records indicate that 35 million tablets were distributed in 1940 over a span of four months, to fuel the western offensive. The idea was to turn ordinary men into superhuman machines.
There is still argument today over whether or not certain drugs improve or impede a soldier's performance. The side effects of Pervitin were irrational behavior, hallucinations, and enraged outbursts. The Nazis weren't alone. Many other armies used amphetamines to fight off fatigue. Dexedrine was used by the British and Americans, while the Japanese had their own form of speed.
As the war raged on, Hitler began relying on his doctor more and more, whom was distrusted and loathed by the rest of his inner circle. Dr. Morell meanwhile relied on the Fuhrer for his position. In 1941 Hitler came down with a terrible illness. Though Morell had been famous for vitamin injections, it was clear that these were not going to cut it.
Animal hormones and a series of medications were attempted. Finally, the physician settled on Eukodal, a wonder drug which we would call Oxycodone today. Soon, one of the world's most famous villains was receiving several injections of Eukodal per day, and combining them with a host of other drugs, including cocaine, which had been prescribed to help with an ear condition endured on the eastern front. The drug cocktail, particularly Eukodal, made Hitler feel invincible, even when it became clear, by 1944, that Germany was losing. His generals frantically appealed to him to change tactics. But Eukodal made him feel powerful, euphoric, and in control, and so he decide to plod along, undeterred.
Late in the war, the factories that made Germany's drugs were bombed out by the Allies. By early 1945, the Fuhrer was in a state of fevered withdrawal. According to Ohler, the world's most infamous fascist spent his final days in his bunker, drowning in a hellish state of withdrawal.
Ohler doesn't think Hitler's personal physician purposely turned him into an addict, though it is possible. But it's just as likely that the Fuhrer himself was the driving force, imbued with an addictive personality. Either way, in the fall of 1944, Hitler removed Morell. But by then, it was too late. The Fuhrer took his own life. Morell meanwhile died not too long after the war a sad and broken figure, discarded by history. Ohler portrays him as a tragic figure, a mere opportunist caught up in the forces of his time, while others see him as an out-and-out scoundrel. Regardless of his intentions, his methods seem to have contributed to the downfall of the Third Reich.
A type of rare coding machine Hitler used to communicate with his generals has been sold on eBay — for $14.
Posted: June 1, 2016 in world war 2, World War II
Tags: Bill Tutte, coding machine, Ebay, Hitler, Ivana Kottasova, John Whetter, Lorenz teleprinter, National Museum of Computing, war
by Ivana Kottasova
Volunteers at the National Museum of Computing at Bletchley Park in the U.K. found a part of an extremely rare Lorenz coding machine on eBay. The military-issue Lorenz teleprinter was advertised as a German telegram machine for £9.50 ($14).
"One of my colleagues was searching on eBay and came across what seemed to be a German Lorenz teleprinter, so we bought it and drove to Essex … and there it was in a garden shed under some rubbish, the Lorenz teleprinter in its carrying case," said John Whetter, a volunteer at the museum.
The component looks a bit like an old typewriter and was used to transmit messages.
It connects to a Lorenz SZ42 cypher machine, one of which was used by Hitler and his closest associates to send top-secret strategic messages to the Nazi high command during the war.
The museum said that about 200 Lorenz SZ42 cypher machines were in existence during World War II. Only four are known to have survived.
The existence of the machines remained a secret until the 70s.
The museum is now trying to put together a complete Lorenz machine, using an SZ42 on loan from Norway, and replicate the process of encrypting and then deciphering a message using historical equipment. A motor for the machine is still missing. The story of the teleprinter's discovery was first reported on the BBC.
The Lorenz machine uses a code in which each letter of the alphabet is represented by a series of five electrical impulses. Messages were enciphered by adding a series of letters to the original text. The letters were generated by 12 rotors.
To crack the code, code-breakers had to determine the starting position of the rotors. The code was first broken after the Germans made a mistake, sending two messages using the same setting.
Mathematician Bill Tutte then deduced the architecture of the machine, without ever seeing it.
"That has been described as one of the greatest intellectual feats of World War II," Whetter said.
http://money.cnn.com/2016/05/31/news/ebay-world-war-two-coding-machine/index.html
Vast underground complex where Hitler worked on developing nuclear weapons discovered in Austria
Posted: January 4, 2015 in Hitler, Jody Troupe, Violence, War, world war 2, World War II, WWII
Tags: Andreas Sulzer, Austria, Hitler, Mr Sulzer, nazi, nuclear bomb, nuclear weapon, nuclear weapons, St Georgen, Third Reich, underground tunnels, war, World War 2, world war II, WW2, WWII
A labyrinth of secret underground tunnels believed to have been used by the Nazis to develop a nuclear bomb has been uncovered.
The facility, which covers an area of up to 75 acres, was discovered near the town of St Georgen an der Gusen, Austria last week, it has been reported.
Excavations began on the site after researchers detected heightened levels of radiation in the area – supporting claims that the Nazis were developing nuclear weapons.
Documentary maker Andreas Sulzer, who is leading the excavations, told the Sunday Times that the site is 'most likely the biggest secret weapons production facility of the Third Reich'.
It is believed to be connected to the B8 Bergkristall underground factory, where the Messerschmitt Me 262 – the first operational jet fighter – was built.
There are also suggestions that the complex is connected to the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp.
Slave labour from the camp was used to build both complexes – with as many as 320,000 inmates in the harsh underground conditions.
But while the Bergkristall site was explored by Allied and Russia after the war, the Nazis appeared to have gone through greater lengths to conceal the newly-discovered tunnels.
Its entrance was only uncovered after the excavation team, which includes historians and scientists, pieced together information in declassified intelligence documents and testimonies from witnesses.
The team is now in the process of removing layers of soil and concrete packed into the tunnels and heavy granite plates that were used to cover the entrance.
Helmets belonging to SS troops and other Nazi relics are among the items that have been uncovered so far.
The excavation was halted last week by police, who demanded the group produce a permit for conducting research on historic sites. But Mr Sulzer is confident that work will resume next month.
He told the Sunday Times: 'Prisoners from concentration camps across Europe were handpicked for their special skills – physicists, chemists or other experts – to work on this monstrous project and we owe it to the victims to finally open the site and reveal the truth.'
The probe was triggered by a research documentary by Mr Sulzer on Hitler's quest to build an atomic bomb.
In it, he referenced diary entries from a physicist called up to work for the Nazis. There is other evidence of scientists working for a secret project managed by SS General Hans Kammler.
Kammler, who signed off the plans for the gas chambers and crematorium at Auschwitz, was in charge of Hitler's missile programmes.
Mr Sulzer searched archives in Germany, Moscow and America for evidence of the nuclear weapons-building project led by the SS.
He discovered that on January 2, 1944, some 272 inmates of Mauthausen were taken from the camp to St Georgen to begin the construction of secret galleries.
By November that year, 20,000 out of 40,000 slave labourers drafted in to build the tunnels had been worked to death.
After the war, Austria spent some £10million in pouring concrete into most of the tunnels.
But Sulzer and his backers believe they missed a secret section where the atomic research was conducted.
The Soviets were stationed in St Georgen until 1955 and they took all of the files on the site back with them to Moscow.
Experts are trying to discover if there is a link between St Georgen and sites in Germany proper where scientists were assembled during the Third Reich in a bid to match American efforts to build the ultimate weapon.
In June 2011, atomic waste from Hitler's secret nuclear programme was believed to have been found in an old mine near Hanover.
More than 126,000 barrels of nuclear material lie rotting over 2,000 feet below ground in an old salt mine.
Rumour has it that the remains of nuclear scientists who worked on the Nazi programme are also there, their irradiated bodies burned in secret by S.S. men sworn to secrecy.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2888975/Vast-underground-complex-Nazis-developed-WMD-discovered-Austria.html#ixzz3Nt33ax4F
Thanks to Jody Troupe for bringing this to the attention of the It's Interesting community.
American Military Intelligence reveals that Adolf Hitler regularly used crystal methamphetamines
Posted: October 25, 2014 in Adolf Hitler, amphetamine, Drugs, Medicine, Methamphetamine, world war 2, World War II, WWII
Tags: addiction, Adolf Hitler, American Military Intelligence, bull semen, Cardozol, Coramine, crystal meth, crystal methamphetamines, Dr Morell, drug abuse, Eukodal, Fuhrer, Heinrich Böll, Hitler, mental health, methamphetamine, metham[phetamines, morphine, Mussolini, Mutaflor, Nobel prize winner Heinrich Böll, opiate, Pervitin, psychosis, speed, testosterone, Vitamultin, World War 2, WW2. World War II, WWII
Last year, newly published letters written by Nobel prize winner Heinrich Böll appeared to confirm that Nazi troops took crystal methamphetamines in order to stay awake and motivated, despite the desperate conditions they faced on the front line.
Now, new research has revealed that Adolf Hitler was himself a regular user of the drug, now a Class A, prized among addicts for its feeling of euphoria but feared for its mental destructiveness.
According to a 47-page wartime dossier compiled by American Military Intelligence, the Fuhrer was a famous hypochondriac and took over 74 different medications, including methamphetamines.
It claims that Hitler took the drug before his final meeting with Italian fascist leader Mussolini in July of 1943, during which he apparently ranted non-stop for two hours.
Hitler eased the pain of his final days in his bunker with nine injections of a drug called Vitamultin, too, which contained among its ingredients meth-amphetamine.
The dossier – which is the subject of a new documentary Hitler's Hidden Drug Habit – goes on to claim that the Fuhrer became addicted to drugs after seeking the medical advice of Berlin-based Dr Morell in 1936.
He was initially prescribed a drug called Mutaflor in order to relieve the pain of his stomach cramps.
He was then prescribed Brom-Nervacit, a barbiturate, Eukodal, a morphine-based sedative, bulls' semen to boost his testosterone, stimulants Coramine and Cardiazol, and Pervitin, an 'alertness pill' made with crystal meth-amphetamine.
His reliance on medication became costly, and by the end of 1943, Hitler was dependant on a mentally debilitating cocktail of uppers and downers.
"Morell was a quack and a fraud and a snake oil salesman," Bill Panagopoulos, an American collector who discovered the dossier, said.
"He should not have been practising medicine anywhere outside a veterinary clinic."
"Some [of the drugs] were innocuous, some not so innocuous, some poisonous. Did he develop a dependence on any of these drugs? Which of these drugs, if any, were addictive? And did he become addicted to them? I'd be interested to know what the combination of these medications would do to someone who's otherwise in good health."
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/hitler-was-a-regular-user-of-crystal-meth-american-military-intelligence-dossier-reveals-9789711.html
U.S. WWII Minnesota Starvation Experiment
Posted: January 30, 2014 in Kebmodee, Medicine, metabolism, Minnesota Starvation Experiment, Nutrition, Science, starvation, world war 2, World War II, WWII
Towards the end of World War II, word got through that certain people in occupied territories were eating a near-starvation diet. American researchers wanted to study the effects of starvation, so they recruited volunteers – and starved them some more.
The Minnesota Starvation Experiment pretty much lived up to its name. It was an early experiment in nutrition prompted by news about the conditions in Europe during World War II. The full horror of concentration camps was still to come, but word came in that people in war-torn territories were living on severely restricted diets. Everyone knew that things were going to get worse before they got better, and concerned researched wanted to find out the effects of starvation and how to rehabilitate a severely starved person. In November of 1944, at The University of Minnesota, a study began on the effects of starvation.
When contacted years later, many of the men said the experiment was the toughest thing they had ever done, but were happy to have participated and said they would do it again.
http://io9.com/the-us-wartime-experiment-that-starved-men-more-than-1507200589
Thanks to Kebmodee for bringing this to the attention of the It's Interesting community.
From a pool of 400 volunteers, 36 men were chosen. All were between 22 and 33, and all were in good health. They were told that the experiment would go through four phases. For three months, they would eat a specific number of calories, so that researchers could get them to a healthy weight and get a baseline for their diet. (They were kept active, and the diet they were given was 3,200 calories.) Once they'd gotten up to their "fighting weight," their caloric intake was to be halved. They'd take in 1,560 calories a day, every day, and no more. They'd have a diet comparable to the food people in Europe would have available – root vegetables and starches with the occasional meat or jell-o. The goal of the diet was to make the men lose a little over two pounds a week, and twenty-five percent of their body weight in six months.
After six months, they'd go through a three-month rehabilitative phase, where they would be allowed more food. They'd be divided into many groups, with different groups given different amounts of calories, and different amounts of protein, fat, and vitamins. Finally, they'd be allowed eight weeks of eating whatever they wanted.
this time, they were kept in dormitories on campus, given regular blood tests, endurance tests, mental tests, and many other kind of tests. They were given administrative work in the lab, and allowed to attend classes at the university. Most of all, they were watched. For the tests to be successful, the researchers had to be sure that the participants weren't cheating.
The rehabilitative diet did not remain of general interest to subsequent generations – although it did help scientists understand that people who had been starved needed to be overfed, rather than just fed, to help them rebuild their bodies. It is the effects that retain lasting fascination for scientists and for the public. At first, the participants merely complained of hunger, of an inability to concentrate, and of poor judgment. If the men didn't lose enough weight, their rations were reduced – meaning some got more food than others. They all ate together, watching who got what. Unsurprisingly, resentment sprang up and there were a lot of fights in the dorms. Then came extreme depression. Several members were hospitalized for psychiatric problems. Some mutilated themselves. One man amputated three fingers with a hatchet, although he said later he didn't know whether he'd done it on purpose or was just not thinking clearly. Considering he had injured his fingers once before, letting a car fall on them, the researchers thought the new injury was at least semi-deliberate, released him from the experiment and put him in psychiatric care.
Then came weakness. When one man cheated on the diet, the researchers demanded the rest of the men go everywhere with a buddy. Years later one of the participants said he was grateful for the buddy system, since he could no longer open heavy doors by himself. The men lost their hair, became dizzy, felt cold all the time, and their muscles ached. Many dropped out of classes. Scientists noted that their resting heart rate and breath rate also fell. The starving body was trying to use up as few calories as possible. For a while, they were allowed gum. They chewed up to forty packs every day until the researchers disallowed gum chewing.
They became obsessed with what food they did have, holding it in their mouths and trying to stretch out mealtimes. On man said that what bothered him more than anything was the fact that food became the central point in his life. He no longer cared about anything but food. He watched movies for the eating scenes, and read magazines for the food ads. Another man said he had begun hating people who were able to go home and have a good dinner. Food became their curse and obsession. This was unsurprising, as a good portion of the men overshot the projected goal of a twenty-five percent loss of body weight. Many men were down to 99 or 100 pounds.
During the three-month rehabilitation period, different groups of men were supposed to receive different amounts of food. Researchers quickly scrapped that idea after the lower-calorie-diet men didn't show signs of recovery. Some even lost weight after their calorie intake was increased. The lack of calories had caused some of the men's legs to swell with water, and a calorie infusion allowed them to shed the excess liquid. Despite the sincere efforts of the researchers, almost no men felt recovered after just three months. On the day they were allowed to eat again, quite a few overate and got sick. One had his stomach pumped. Even getting back to their earlier weight didn't help. They packed on the pounds well beyond that. Some said they couldn't stop obsessively eating for a year. There was never "enough" food for them.
Today, the results of the Minnesota Starvation Study are mostly of note to people who study eating disorders. Many of the behaviors the starving men displayed, such as diluting food with water to make it look more filling, or overchewing their food to stretch out mealtimes, are also displayed by people suffering from anorexia. The men's subsequent relentless feeding is similar to binge-eating. Although they made themselves sick physically, they couldn't get enough food to make them feel satisfied.
Navajo Code Talker says Redskins name not derogatory
Posted: November 28, 2013 in Boston, Code Talker, Dan Snyder, Human Behavior, Jacqueline Pata, National Congress of American Indians, Navajo, Navajo Code Talkers Association, Pete Cuomo, racism, redskin, Redskins Nation, Roy Hawthorne, Tlingit Tribe of Alaska, Washington D.C., Washington Redskins, world war 2, World War II, WWII
A leader of the Navajo Code Talkers who appeared at a Washington Redskins home football game said Wednesday the team name is a symbol of loyalty and courage — not a slur as asserted by critics who want it changed.
Roy Hawthorne, 87, of Lupton, Ariz., was one of four Code Talkers honored for their service in World War II during the Monday night game against the San Francisco 49ers.
Hawthorne, vice president of the Navajo Code Talkers Association, said the group's trip was paid for by the Redskins. The four men met briefly with team owner Dan Snyder but did not discuss the name, Hawthorne said.
Still, he said he would endorse the name if asked, and the televised appearance in which three of the Indians wore Redskins jackets spoke for itself.
"We didn't have that in mind but that is undoubtedly what we did do," Hawthorne said when asked if he was intending to send a statement with the appearance. "My opinion is that's a name that not only the team should keep, but that's a name that's American."
Monday night's brief, on-field ceremony came as some Indians and civil rights leaders wage a "Change the Mascot" campaign that targets the term redskins as a racial epithet.
The Navajos' appearance drew heated comments from both sides on social media, including assertions that the Code Talkers were being used as props in a public relations stunt meant to deflect criticism over the name.
Jacqueline Pata, head of the National Congress of American Indians, called the appearance "a political play rather than a heartfelt recognition of the Code Talkers."
Pata, a member of the Tlingit Tribe of Alaska, said she reveres the Code Talkers for the work they have done but added that people often fail to recognize that the origins of the term redskin date to a period when Indians faced efforts to annihilate their culture.
"We were outlawed during that same period the mascot was created from practicing our own religion and our own cultures," she said. "That term is associated with getting rid of the Indians."
Snyder has called the team name and mascot a "badge of honor." The name dates to the team's first years in Boston in the 1930s and has survived numerous outside efforts to change it. The team has been in the Washington, D.C., area since 1937.
Redskins Senior Vice President Tony Wyllie said there was no truth to suggestions that the Code Talkers were used to bolster the team's resistance to a new name.
"They're American heroes, and they deserved recognition," he said.
Also attending Monday's game were Code Talkers President Peter MacDonald Sr., George Willie Sr. and George James Sr.
The Navajo Code Talkers used codes derived from their native language to shield military communications from interception by Japanese troops. Hawthorne said there are now about 30 surviving Code Talkers.
The trip to Washington was the second this month for Hawthorne, who last week joined Code Talkers from other tribes who received Congressional Gold Medals for the role they played in World War I and World War II. Members of the Navajo were recognized in 2000.
The Navajo are perhaps the best known of the Code Talkers, but the Defense Department says the program began in 1918 and at its peak included more than 400 Indians who used 33 dialects to make their codes indecipherable.
http://news.yahoo.com/code-talker-says-redskins-name-not-derogatory-172147791–spt.html
Thanks to Pete Cuomo for bringing this to the attention of the It's Interesting community.
9 lousy places for a vacation
Posted: October 24, 2013 in Alnwick Poison Garden, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Buford, Burma, Caspian Sea, Chernobyl, Crocodile, England, Honshu island, Ilha de Queimada Grande, Japan, lancehead, mud volcano, Napoleon, Nature, Pacific garbage patch, Pacific Ocean, Pripyat, Ramree Island, Snake, Snake Island, St. Helena, Texas, The Izus, Ukraine, vacation, Volcano, world war 2, World War II, WWII, Wyoming, Zone of Alienation
1. Buford, Wyoming
Formerly sporting a bustling population of two, Buford now only has a single resident.
2. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
The Patch is a basically immobile, gigantic mass of trash out in the middle of the Pacific. Most estimates put its size—composed entirely of plastic bottles, chemical sludge, and basically any other kind of debris you can imagine—larger than the state of Texas. You'd probably rather go to Texas.
3. Alnwick Poison Garden, England
The Alnwick Poison Garden is pretty much what you'd think it is: a garden full of plants that can kill you (among many other things). Some of the plants are so dangerous that they have to be kept behind bars. It's not exactly your typical stroll through a botanical garden.
4. Ramree Island, Burma
Ramree Island may be in the beautiful Burma, but nothing about this place is beautiful. It's actually just a giant swamp full of thousands of saltwater crocodiles—which are the deadliest in the world—plus mosquitos loaded with malaria, oh, and venomous scorpions. Also, there was a six-week long battle here during WWII, in which only twenty Japanese soliders survived… out of 1000. And most were killed by the wildlife.
5. The Zone of Alienation, Ukraine
Although you probably wouldn't want to vacation in Pripyat either, the Zone of Alienation is the 19-mile decommissioned perimeter surrounding the grounds of the Chernobyl incident. It's administered by a branch of government specifically so that no-one is allowed into it, but there are a few hundred residents who refused to move. What's wrong with those people? You probably don't want to know
6. Ilha de Queimada Grande, Brazil
Sorry to tell you this, but Ilha de Queimada Grande isn't a fantastical island getaway. It's actually an island full of thousands of snakes. Its name literally means, "Snake Island." It has the highest concentration of snakes in the world, with 1-5 golden lanceheads per square meter—oh, and they're very poisonous: when designs were drawn up to build a plantation on the island, all the scouts were killed.
7. St. Helena
If you somehow end up in the same place where Napoleon was imprisoned and spent his final days, things are probably going wrong. Oh yeah, and there's no functioning airport, either. The only way you can get on or off the island is via container ships from South Africa. Which only come every few months.
8. Izu Island, Japan
The Izus are a group of volcanic islands located off the southern coast of Japan's Honshu island. They're technically part of Tokyo, except because they're extremely volcanic, the air constantly smells of sulfur and residents have been evacuated twice—in 1953 and 2000—because of "dangerously high levels of gas." Although allowed back in 2005, inhabitants are now required to carry gas masks on their person at all times.
9. Mud Volcanoes of Azerbaijan
Sure, mud volcanoes aren't nearly as dangerous as their cousins of the magmatic variety, but when they do actually erupt, it's not exactly a pretty sight. In 2001, a new island grew out of the Caspian Sea, due to an increase in volcanic activity—right nearby where hundreds of these bad boys are. Generally, they go off every twenty years, and when they do, they shoot flames "hundreds of meters into the sky" and deposit tons of mud into the immediate area.
http://www.stumbleupon.com/su/AVvBxP


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Straight Pride parade application approved in Boston
Lily Wakefield June 27, 2019
One of the posters for "straight pride." (Super Happy Fun America)
The city of Boston has approved an application for a "straight pride" parade with the same route as the official Pride parade, and it is set to take place on August 31 at 3pm.
"Straight pride" was organised by Super Happy Fun America, a group whose website claims that straight people are "America's most brutally repressed identity."
According to Boston.com, although organisers have received permission to hold the event from the city, they still need approval from police and the licensing board.
President of the group John Hugo said at a news conference: "I agree it is unusual to have something like this, but a lot of things seem unpopular at first but then they become mainstream."
"We don't hate anyone, we just want to have our own celebration just like everybody else has a right to. All people from all communities are welcome as long as they show respect."
On the groups website, Hugo is described as having "years of experience working in politics while living openly as a straight man."
Mayor of Boston Marty Walsh previously said on Twitter: "Permits to host a public event are granted based on operational feasibility, not based on values or endorsements of belief."However, the mayor has also said that he will not be attending the "straight pride" parade.
Boston held its LGBT+ Pride parade on June 8. (Scott Eisen/Getty Images)
"Straight pride" grand marshal Milo Yiannopoulos was banned from Facebook and Twitter for hate speech
The grand marshal of the parade will be former Breitbart News editor Milo Yiannopoulos who has been banned from both Facebook and Twitter for hate speech, including allegedly encouraging racist abuse.
The openly gay Trump supporter was even dropped from a Republican conference after allegedly defending men who have sex with underage boys, and on another occasion said he would "cure" himself of being gay if he could.
Boston held its LGBT Pride parade on June 8.
This non-binary eight-year-old understands identity and acceptance better than most adults
New Jersey becomes ninth state to officially ban 'gay panic' defence, remaining 41 states busy washing their hair

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Court hearing scheduled for ex-Cardinal McCarrick accused of sexually assaulting teen boy in Mass. nearly 50 years ago
DEDHAM, Mass. (AP/WHDH) — A court hearing is scheduled Thursday for former Roman Catholic Cardinal Theodore McCarrick who pleaded not guilty last month to sexually assaulting a 16-year-old boy during a wedding reception in Massachusetts nearly 50 years ago.
McCarrick, 91, appeared in Dedham District Court on Sept. 3, where a not guilty plea was entered on his behalf for three counts of indecent assault and battery on a person over 14.
The once-powerful American prelate who was expelled from the priesthood for sexual abuse lives in Dittmer, Missouri. He can still face charges because he left the state of Mass., stopping the clock on the statute of limitations.
McCarrick is the only U.S. Catholic cardinal, current or former, ever to be charged with child sex crimes.
Ordained as a priest in New York City in 1958, McCarrick ascended the church ranks despite apparently common knowledge in the U.S. and Vatican leadership that "Uncle Ted," as he was known, slept with seminarians.
McCarrick became one of the most visible Catholic Church officials in the U.S. and even served as the spokesman for fellow U.S. bishops when they enacted a "zero tolerance" policy against sexually abusive priests in 2002.
His fall began in 2017 when a former altar boy came forward to report the priest had groped him when he was a teenager in New York.
The next year, the Archdiocese of New York announced that McCarrick had been removed from ministry after finding the allegation to be "credible and substantiated," and two New Jersey dioceses revealed they had settled claims of sexual misconduct against him in the past involving adults.
Pope Francis defrocked McCarrick in 2019 after a Vatican investigation determined he sexually abused minors, as well as adults.
A two-year internal investigation found that three decades of bishops, cardinals and popes downplayed or dismissed reports of sexual misconduct. Correspondence showed they repeatedly rejected the information as rumor and excused it as an "imprudence."
The findings released last year pinned much of the blame on Pope John Paul II, who appointed McCarrick archbishop of Washington, D.C., despite having commissioned an inquiry that confirmed McCarrick slept with seminarians.
In the Massachusetts case, authorities began investigating McCarrick after Garabedian sent a letter to the prosecutor's office alleging the abuse, according to the court records.
The man told authorities in January that McCarrick was close to his family when he was growing up and that the abuse started when he was young.
The man said that during his brother's wedding reception at Wellesley College in June 1974, when he was 16, McCarrick told him his father wanted him to have a talk with the priest because the boy was "being mischievous at home and not attending church."
They took a walk around campus, the man said, and McCarrick groped him before they went back to the party. The man said McCarrick also sexually assaulted him in a "coat room type closet" after they returned to the reception, authorities wrote in the documents.
The man told investigators that before leaving the room, McCarrick told him to "say three Our Fathers and a Hail Mary or it was one Our Father and three Hail Marys, so God can redeem you of your sins," according to the report.
He also described other instances of sexual abuse by McCarrick over the years, including when the man was an adult, according to the court records.
Cardinals outside the U.S. have faced prosecution. Cardinal George Pell was convicted of sexual abuse in his native Australia, but his conviction was thrown out. And French Cardinal Philippe Barbarin was convicted but later acquitted of charges that he covered up for a pedophile priest.
(Copyright (c) 2022 Sunbeam Television. The Associated Press contributed to this report. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.)


I've been sitting on these for a few days before starting a spawn log.
I thought the spawn was a failure at first, as I had around 170 fry fall dead from the nest after hatching. The male tried to replace them into the nest and they would fall lifeless back to the floor. I closed the fishroom door in disappointment with intentions of stripping the tank out and setting up a new spawn.
I looked closer, and saw tails!!!
Looks like MW for another day. BBS not hatched yet.
First feed of BBS this morning. They attacked it hungrily!
Looks like I have between 20 and 30 left.
I was looking into the tank yesterday wondering why fry numbers had dwindled, then I saw movement in the far corner of the tank that was too large for a 2 week old betta. I looked closer and couldn't believe it - damselfly larve! I've lost an entire spawn to these critters in the past, so ripped them straight out!!!!
Was seeing A LOT of belly sliders. As their swim bladders are still developing, I decided to not feed them for a day, 1 small feed the next, 2 the following, then back up to 3 - 4 feeds a day at a greatly reduced amount. This reduces the size of their bellies and allows space for swim bladders to develop normally. I am seeing results already with 90% of the fry swimming at all levels of the tank this morning. A few are tail heavy, but it is an improvement to seeing them scooting across the tank floor 24/7. Hopefully they won't have missing ventrals.
I was starting to worry about ventrals again - I always do and just when I convince myself that my luck has run out and I have a ventralless spawn, I start seeing them I'm glad this time didn't disappoint. I am still sure I will have a few without - they spent an awful long time on the floor of the tank the first few weeks.
As my fry are starting to colour up a bit more, I'm seeing a lot more red coming through. Whether that will stay or become red loss, time will only tell. Also seeing some blue irids on some and some black. Funny really, as whenever I have bred any black fish, the black pigment usually doesn't show until the fry are much older - I guess marble black works differently.
I'll add some photos after waterchanges tonight.
So cute with their little bits of colour. Hoping they'll zoom ahead in the next few weeks so you have some for show.
Getting excited! I wasn't expecting to see orange and yellow this generation. My plans have just moved forward by several months.
It's now obvious I have some ventral less. The good news is that the majority DO have ventrals. Quite surprising really, considering how much time they spent on the floor of the tank early on. I'm a little rusty on this, but got food quantities sorted again. This was once second nature to me. Oh well. It will return!
Oh hey... could you please make sure you do a count of how many you get of each variation so we can feed that data into the genetics projects?


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Posts Tagged: "patent infringement"
Patent Filings Roundup: Board Denies Petition for Claims Not in Litigation; SK Hynix Hits Longhorn with Declaratory Judgment on Semi Campaigns
It was a slow summer week at the Board with just 23 new petitions—one post grant review and 22 inter partes reviews; in district court, a relatively average 63 new filings and 53 terminations rounded out the count. The major streaming companies, including Disney, challenged WAG Acquisitions [of Woodsford Litigation Funding] patents before the Board; SharkNinja challenges Bissel patents on vacuum cleaners; and FedEx challenged patents owned by Raymond Anthony Joao's ultra-litigious Transcend Shipping. Apple lost three challenges at institution against an Identity Security LLC (f/k/a Integrated Information Solutions Corporation]. In the district court high-volume litigant M4Siz roped in more retailers, including Abercrombie and Fitch, Under Armor, Victoria's Secret, and J Crew, bringing the total defendant count to 31; and more semiconductor litigation bloomed, with multiple campaigns filing against Micron and TI this week alone.
Jonathan Stroud
Federal Circuit Affirms Denial of JMOL, Partial Costs in Favor of Amazon
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) today affirmed a district court's ruling denying Innovation Sciences' post-trial motion for judgment as a matter of law (JMOL) that claims of three of its patents are not invalid and that Amazon.com, Inc. infringed them, or, alternatively, a new trial. The CAFC said that substantial evidence supported the district court's finding of anticipation, which Amazon proved via expert testimony relating to a prior art home automation software called HAL.
Eileen McDermott
Newman Says CAFC Majority Departed from Claim Construction Law in Blow to Ford Over Fuel System Patents
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) on Monday vacated and remanded a decision of the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, which had granted judgment of non-infringement for Ford Motor Company on three patents owned by Ethanol Boosting Systems, LLC and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (EBS). The CAFC, with Chief Judge Moore writing, said the district court's ruling was based on an erroneous claim construction. Judge Pauline Newman dissented, accusing the majority of departing "from the rule that patent claims are construed in accordance with the invention described in the specification."
Teva Tells SCOTUS CAFC Decision Could Upend Hatch-Waxman
On July 11, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA filed a Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the U.S. Supreme Court asking it to review a decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) in which the CAFC found that Teva could be held liable for inducement based on sections of a "skinny label" that provided information about unpatented uses. Teva claims that the decision by the CAFC would upend the legal rules governing the modern prescription-drug marketplace. The petition notes that the decision would wreak doctrinal havoc in two equally disturbing ways. First, the court's decision eliminates the key element of inducement liability requiring plaintiffs to prove that a defendant took active steps to encourage the direct infringement. Secondly, it effectively nullifies a Congressional act that was enacted to bring low-cost generic drugs to market, which is precisely what Teva was doing.
Matthew Schutte
Federal Circuit Denies Thales' Request to Bar Philips from Heading to the ITC
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit today held in a precedential decision that Thales DIS AIS Deutschland GMBH cannot stop Philips from seeking an exclusion order at the International Trade Commission (ITC) to enjoin Thales from importing its products relating to wireless network technology into the United States.
Inventor Asks SCOTUS to Consider Patent Eligibility Again, Distinguishing Case from American Axle
Despite the U.S. Supreme Court's rejection of the petition in American Axle v. Neapco just a few days earlier, inventor David Tropp on July 5 again asked the Court to unravel U.S. patent eligibility law. Tropp, who owns two patents relating to luggage lock technology that enables airport screening of luggage while still allowing the bags to remain locked, is asking the Court to answer the question: "Whether the claims at issue in Tropp's patents reciting physical rather than computer-processing steps are patent-eligible under 35 U.S.C. § 101, as interpreted in Alice Corporation Pty v. CLS Bank International, 573 U.S. 208 (2014)."
When it Comes to Patent Reform, Watch What Google Does – Not What it Says
The debate over patent reform is heating up again. Last month, Google published a blog post on patent reform, purportedly aimed at promoting American innovation. In it, Google decried the rising tide of "wasteful patent litigation," railed against the disfavored practice of "forum shopping" and advocated for pending legislation aimed at making it easier for large companies to challenge the validity of patents owned by smaller rivals — all in the name of promoting a patent system that "incentivizes and rewards the most original and creative innovators."
Eddie Lazarus
Defending Breakthrough Innovations – Protecting University Patents at the ITC
Many universities recognize the value of their patent portfolios and the need to protect their intellectual property rights from unlicensed and unfair use. When licensing negotiations break down, universities generally seek to enforce their rights in U.S. district courts, but overlook a potentially more favorable forum: the United States International Trade Commission (ITC). The ITC is a unique patent forum with experienced judges, defined patent rules, and statutory mandates to provide a timely resolution. More importantly, the ITC was designed protect U.S. industries, including the research and development performed at universities. This is not a hypothetical exercise: one university recently utilized the ITC, blazing a path that others can follow. As explained below, more universities should follow suit.
Gregory Len & Bryan Rizza & Griffin Mesmer & Ryan Deck
The Way FRAND Concepts are Applied in Other Sectors Illustrates the U.S. Government's Orwellian View of Patent Rights
A while back, we set up an email alert to advise us of any legal developments involving fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) licensing. Somewhat to our surprise, the notion of requiring FRAND terms and conditions for obtaining access to the otherwise exclusive property rights of others is not limited to patents essential to industry standards. Rather, FRAND licensing concepts, or minor variations thereof (e.g. "just, reasonable and nondiscriminatory"), appear in government regulation of stockyards (see 7 USC §208), vehicular air pollution information (see California's Health and Safety Code §43105.5 (7)), and airports (see La. R.S. §1:135.1), to name a few.
Curtis Dodd & Chris Dubuc
Patent Litigation Financing: Fighting Efficient Infringement with Funding
Today, many companies make the business decision to infringe patented technology instead of paying a royalty to license it—so called efficient infringement. The calculation is that it will ultimately be less expensive to ignore the patent rights of innovations than to take a license in an arm's length negotiation. Over the last 15 years, that calculus has largely proven correct, with changes to numerous laws and the introduction of additional administrative processes all conspiring to make it easier to challenge issued patents. This means that litigation is often the only way for an innovator to protect valuable intellectual property and to stop infringement. Unfortunately, lacking leverage and financial resources, many patent owners cannot stop infringement—in some instances, even after a jury trial.
Gene Quinn
CAFC Sends Centripetal Back to Drawing Board in Case with Cisco Due to Judge's Stock
Centripetal Networks will have to start from square one in its long-running case against Cisco after the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) on Thursday vacated a judge's decision awarding Centripetal enhanced damages and royalties exceeding $2.75 billion. The CAFC ruled that Judge Henry C. Morgan, Jr. of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia was disqualified from hearing the case after becoming aware of his wife's ownership of $4,687.99 in Cisco stock, ultimately reversing the district court's denial of Cisco's motion for recusal and vacating all orders and opinions of the court, including the final judgment in favor of Centripetal.
Kudos to USPTO, DOJ, NIST for Abandoning a Bad Draft, but Future Remains Murky for SEP Holders
In a recent surprise decision, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology officially withdrew their 2019 Policy Statement on Remedies for Standards-Essential Patents Subject to Voluntary F/RAND Commitments and declined to advance an alternative policy statement as a replacement. While the withdrawal of the 2019 policy statement was seen as a foregone conclusion (given the far more SEP-restrictive nature of a December 2021 draft policy statement (DPS) circulated by the agencies), moving forward without any guidance was not on anyone's DOJ policy bingo card for 2022. The slim guidance that this withdrawal announcement does provide, however, paints a murky picture for the ability of SEP holders to obtain injunctive relief.
Alden Abbott & Andrew Mercado
CAFC Reverses and Vacates Decision for L'Oréal, Finding District Court Claim Construction was Improper
On June 13, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) reversed in part, vacated in part, and remanded a decision by the United States District Court for the District of Delaware relating to the University of Massachusetts' (UMass') suit against L'Oréal S.A. and its American subsidiary L'Oréal USA, Inc. (collectively, L'Oréal), alleging patent infringement of both U.S Patent No. 6,423,327 (the '327 patent) and U.S. Patent No. 6,645,513 (the '513 patent). The district court held that it lacked personal jurisdiction over L'Oréal S.A. and that the patents were invalid based on indefiniteness. UMass on appeal challenged both of the district court's holdings, arguing that they were entitled to jurisdictional discovery against L'Oréal S.A. and that the claim construction performed by the district court was improper.
Announcements on Withdrawal of SEP Policy Statements Lack Clarity and Leave Patent Owners Guessing
As was recently reported by IPWatchdog (here and here), the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST), and the U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division (DOJ) issued a statement on June 8 withdrawing the December 19, 2019 Policy Statement on Remedies for Standards-Essential Patents Subject to Voluntary F/RAND Commitments (2019 Policy Statement). A footnote to the statement further provides that "the agencies do not reinstate the January 8, 2013, Policy Statement on Remedies for Standards-Essential Patents Subject to Voluntary F/RAND Commitments issued by the DOJ and the USPTO." Curiously, this statement makes no mention of the 2021 Draft Policy Statement on Remedies for Standards-Essential Patents Subject to Voluntary F/RAND Commitments (2021 Draft Policy Statement), which draft statement was criticized by a broad cross-section of industry participants for a variety of different reasons. Regardless, our question is simply this: why did the 2019 Policy Statement need to be withdrawn instead of simply not proceeding with the 2021 Draft Policy Statement or, alternatively, modifying those portions of the 2019 Policy Statement that the agencies did not agree with? By throwing the baby out with the bath water, patent owners are now left to guess where the agencies stand on such issues.
WTO Conference Could End with Agreement on COVID Vaccine IP Waiver This Week
The World Trade Organization's (WTO's) 12th Ministerial Conference is set to take place this week, June 12-15, at WTO headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. As part of the four-day meeting, discussions around the latest text of the proposal to waive intellectual property (IP) rights under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) for COVID-19 vaccine technology will take place around the clock, and it is expected that some agreement will be reached. TRIPS Council Chair, Ambassador Lansana Gberie of Sierra Leone, said on June 7 that "delegations have entered into real negotiation mode in the last 24 hours," and that she is "feeling cautiously optimistic now that we will get this text ready for adoption by ministers in time for the coming weekend."


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International students ›
The following information is applicable if you are a citizen of the EU, EEA, Switzerland, Iceland, Norway and Lichtenstein.
What is the EU Settlement Scheme
The EU Settlement Scheme offers you an opportunity to protect your residence in the UK and to be able to continue to study and work in the UK, as well as travel into and out of the UK. This means that there will be no restrictions on study.
You must have arrived in the UK before 31 December 2020 to be eligible to apply under this scheme.
If you arrive after this date, you will not be eligible and you will be required to apply for correct Immigration Permission under the relevant Visa Category at that time.
The EU Settlement Scheme allows you to apply for either Pre-Settled or Settled Status.
To be eligible for the EU Settlement Scheme, you must be a resident (living) of the UK by 31 December 2020.
There are no financial requirements for the EU Settlement Scheme.
EU students currently studying online in their home country and planning to come to the UK in January 2021 or after will require a Student Route visa unless they come to the UK before 31 December 2020 and apply for pre-settled status.
The deadline to apply under the EU Settlement Scheme is 30 June 2021.
You must apply by this date in order to retain your legal status in the UK.
If you don't apply in time, you may lose the right to work and study in the UK.
Join our free webinar
To find out more about the EU Settlement Scheme, how to apply and its benefits, join one of our webinar sessions during the following times and dates:
Wednesday 21 April, 2.00pm to 3.00pm
Wednesday 19 May, 2.00pm to 3.00pm
Wednesday 16 June, 2.00pm to 3.00pm
Join the webinar
EU Settlement Scheme FAQs
What is a Pre-Settled Status under the EU Settlement scheme?
If you don't have a continuous residence of 5 years' in the UK, you will receive Pre-Settled Status. This will last up to 5 years, during which time you can apply for settled status as soon as you are eligible to do so.
What is a Settled Status under the EU Settlement scheme?
If you have been continually living in the UK for 5 years by 31 December 2020, you will be eligible to apply to stay in the UK indefinitely (known as Settled Status).
How will I receive an outcome of the application, a letter in the post or an email confirmation?
You will receive confirmation of your status via email. Applicants will be granted a digital status which will be stored electronically by the Home Office. Once you receive your status, details will be provided on how to access it on GOV.UK. This will enable you to prove your rights to others online, including employers and landlords.
My passport expires in less than 6 months, can I still apply for the EU Settlement Scheme?
Your passport only needs to be valid at the time of application. 'Valid' here means that the document is genuine and has not expired or been cancelled or invalidated.
I already have a UK permanent residence document, do I need to apply for Settled status?
Yes, you will still need to apply for Settled Status.
My spouse is British citizen and I have been studying in the UK for over 5 years. Do I have any kind of advantage in the application process?
Unfortunately no, you will still need to apply for Pre-Settled or Settled Status.
What is the final deadline to make an application under EU Settlement scheme?
As long as you are living in the UK before 31 December 2020.
The deadline to apply for the EU Settlement Scheme is 30 June 2021.
How long will it take to get a decision?
Usually processing times are five working days, though it can take longer if your case is more complex.
Find out more about processing times on the gov.uk website.
Further information and support
If you require further advice or guidance on EU settlement scheme, please email the International Student Advice team.
Brexit: EU Settlement Scheme
Settled and pre-settled status for EU citizens and their families
How to apply for "settled status" for EU citizens
Brexit FAQs for EU students
Please note that Immigration policy changes frequently. We have made every effort to ensure that this information is correct at the time of writing but it remains subject to change.
You should always refer to www.gov.uk to ensure that you have the most up-to-date information.


Users - I might have screwed up how to recover?
I might have screwed up how to recover?
Either way I am getting connection reset by peer when I try to connect from a remote.
Re: I might have screwed up how to recover?
You cannot change the root password by changing accumulo-site.xml. This can only be done using 'accumulo init --reset-security'.
What property did you change in accumulo-site.xml? 'trace.password' or 'instance.secret'?
The property 'trace.password' sets the password for the user used by the tracer. This user used by the tracer is typically 'root' which is the default for the property 'trace.user'.
The property 'instance.secret' sets a secret unique to the Accumulo instance that all servers must know in order to communicate with one another. This is typically different than the root password.
I wound up doing a fresh init.
Thanks for telling me about the --reset-security flag for init. I hadn't seen that before. It didn't work, however, Accumulo just threw an error. I also tried resetting the instance secret back to default using the CLI but I got another error.
The fresh init did resolve some of the errors I was seeing in the logs.
> I also tried resetting the instance secret back to default using the CLI but I got another error.
The 'instance.secret' property is not ZooKeeper mutable. Therefore, it cannot be set in the shell. It must be set in accumulo-site.xml on all nodes.


Jackson may have just landed the number one spot on a list of the "Fattest Cities in America" — but "fit at 50" Pamela Anderson has a solution.
After Mayor Chokwe Antar Lumumba pledged to make Jackson "the most radical city on the planet," the Baywatch icon and PETA honorary director offered him free lunches if he goes vegan for a month to set an example of healthier eating.
"As an admirer of your work on the Mississippi Human Rights Collective, I want to congratulate you on your new role as mayor. I support your pledge to make Jackson the most radical city on the planet," wrote Anderson. "With this in mind, I'm writing today with an idea that would further allow you to serve as a role model to the community: Since Jackson was recently named one of the fattest cities in America, would you consider going vegan for a month as a way to set a healthy example for your constituents to follow? You'd be in great company — among those who have publicly pursued vegan eating are Sen. Cory Booker, Tom Brady, Beyoncé, Jay Z, Bill Clinton, Carrie Underwood, Russell Simmons, and many others.
"Vegan options can be found all over the city, from portabella Caesar salad at High Noon Cafe to veggie chili and vegan fish sandwiches at Cool Al's. Vegan eating has been linked to a lower body mass index and lower caloric intake than diets that are heavy in meat, eggs, and dairy foods. Vegans are also at lower risk of suffering from obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, which are some of the biggest killers in this country.


Wanted: trim rail for my '61 Morris 850; as used in all '59 to '63 cars.
I'm not sure of the part number but I will enclose a picture of what I'm looking for.
Got one complete with original wood still attached .
Had not seen one myself until recently.
This is the predecessor of the wire frame the rear seat squab is normally attached to.


Hanging out in a hammock at college encourages impromptu adventures, creates swingin' study sessions, turns free periods into siestas, and makes good times with friends even better! Our College Ambassador Team embodies the idea of living life to the fullest while still finding time to relax… ENO College Brand Ambassadors represent themselves, their school and ENO with respect, integrity, and a humble lust for adventure, and would much rather be out exploring than cooped up in the dorms. They are energetic, they are innovative, and they know just how to get that perfect hang.
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"Highly processable method for the construction of miniature conducting" by Scott T. McGovern, Geoffrey M. Spinks et al.
McGovern, S. T., Spinks, G. Maxwell. and Wallace, G. G. (2005). Highly processable method for the construction of miniature conducting polymer moisture sensors. In S. Al-Sarawi (Eds.), SPIE Smart Structures and Materials and Non-destructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring (pp. 607-615). USA: SPIE International Society for Optical Engineering.
A polymer blend incorporating polyaniline (PAn) was used as a sensing medium in the construction of a resistance based humidity sensor. Aniline monomer was polymerised to PAn emeraldine salt (ES) in the presence of poly (butyl acrylate-co-vinyl acetate) and the processable blend was developed by redissolving 1-2 w/w% of the resulting sensing polymer residue in dichloromethane (DCM). Some of this residue was washed in ammonia solution to de-dope the PAn to emeraldine base (EB) to act as a protective layer on the surface of the sensing polymer. This residue was then washed with distilled water until a neutral pH was realised with the waste water, dried and redissolved in DCM at 1-2 w/w% to create a processable blend barrier polymer solution. The final sensor design utilised 125μm polyester insulated platinum wire as conducting electrodes that were dip coated in the PAn ES blend solution and dried in a desiccator. A protective coating was then applied by dip coating in the EB blend solution. The sensors had an overall final thickness of less than 200μm and showed high sensitivity to humidity, low resistance, and good reversibility without hysteresis. The EB protective layer was shown to give more stable and predictable responses to the sensors when placed inside curing epoxies. Polymer based thin film humidity sensors have the advantage that the high processability of the material allows for simple fabrication of a range of geometries including smaller sensor designs. Such sensors may find uses in detecting water content in a number of areas including composite materials, electronic textiles, food/electronics packaging and corrosion detection.


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The Hospital.
The hospital grounds end where Fritz Bemelmans Park begins. At the south entrance to Fritz Bemelmans Park there once stood, shining and absolute, a bronze statue of Fritz Bemelmans, gentleman, with a scroll, a musket, a sheaf of wheat, and a mysterious bundle. A plaque affixed to the statue's plinth told in the beige voice of homeland and state what these things meant, but don't ask us to tell you now. When one of us says, "Fritz Bemelmans" someone else replies, as if it is the answer to a riddle, "a scroll, a musket, a sheaf of wheat, and a mysterious bundle." We believe this says it all, and if there is more, we do not know and are not sure we want to know. The statue was long ago taken down, hauled away following the general ban on statues in parks, and the space it once occupied is now filled with dark-suited men opening umbrellas into gray sunshine.
We are the volunteers. We volunteer, every second and fourth Sunday, at the Schmetterling-Kiteley Neurology Wing of City Hospital. It is our job, every second and fourth Sunday, to take the people in comas to Fritz Bemelmans Park. We push the people in comas in wheelchairs and on gurneys into the elevator that goes from the glorious glass-roofed vestibule of the Schmetterling-Kitely Neurology Wing, on the sixteenth floor of City Hospital, down to the mezzanine level and to the corridor that leads to the tiny cement-walled courtyard where the loved ones of the people in comas go to smoke and wait with faces full of a clouded hope that is indistinguishable from boredom. We, with our official volunteer badges and starched tunics, push the people in comas in wheelchairs and on gurneys past the parking obelisk and the retention pond, past the shuttle station and over the pedestrian bridge to the south entrance of Fritz Bemelmans Park. There is a Fritz Bemelmans-shaped space now filled with children who come up to us wanting to touch the hair and the faces of the people in comas. They all want to know the weather report. We say to each other "release the dogs" but of course there are no dogs, and the children push past us to the stone fountain half-filled with last week's rainwater in which other, unparented children are splashing. We speak to the people in comas in low voices, trying to make our voices sound like warm soft rain. This is what it said in the job description, posted on the bulletin board in the community center: Hospital volunteers needed: must have voices like warm soft rain. This is our job: we do our best. We sit on wooden slat benches and brush away the tiny brown birds that cluster around the faces of the people in comas. Animals of all sorts are drawn to the people in comas, but mostly these tiny birds, some of which are no larger than your thumb.
On the day the city hauled off the statues everyone came outside their houses and workplaces to watch the cranes and cherry pickers and big trucks head seaward.
The Loved Ones.
The loved ones of the people in comas come on visiting days carrying tote bags containing soft balls of worsted yarn and pieces of dark, bruised fruit. We, the volunteers, and they, the loved ones, are often forced to stand uncomfortably close together in the elevator that ascends from the shag-carpeted reception area on the mezzanine level to the sixteenth floor of City Hospital, to the glorious glass-roofed vestibule, the long pale corridor and finally the hushed orangeness of the Schmetterling-Kiteley Neurology wing. We open our brown paper lunch sacks, and are not surprised to find them empty. Someone has been stealing our lunches, our dry tuna sandwiches and ham rolls. This has been going on for a while now. The doctors, when we approach them to tell them about these incidents, startle like antelopes gathered at a riverbed, and move quickly away.
We carry small red spiral notebooks given to us by the nurses, which contain graphs into which we are to insert marks denoting the involuntary movements, gestures, tics and twitches, and breathing patterns of the people in comas. When we return the notebooks to the nurses after our shifts end they peer into them and nod gravely, then deliver them in stacks to the doctors, who run from room to room, lit by the terrible glow of afternoon soap operas. In the cafeteria, they all sit together looking at their watches and eating pink and yellow fruit out of plastic containers. No doctor has ever said a word about Fritz Bemelmans.
We imagine that being in a coma feels like going swimming in a suit of armor. Soft armor, made, perhaps, of corduroy. Nights, at home in bed with our boyfriends and girlfriends and spouses and significant others, we sometimes have dreams about Olympic-sized pools into which fingers and toes are suddenly, icily, plunged. We slide in up to our waists; the water is freezing. Our legs become quite numb; our legs disappear; we have no legs; our legs have come loose —this does not hurt— and float, bobbing on the surface like canoes, to the far end of the pool.
Mr. L.
Mr. L. is fifty years old and has been in a coma for eighteen years, ten months and seventeen days. Mr. L awoke one morning full of vim, threw off the bedcovers, ready to leap into the wide open blue of a new day, kissed his wife, who lay beside him in their expensive, expansive marital bed; it was a fine day, to judge from Mr. L.'s diary, which he made a habit of writing in daily, at several points over the course of the day: an important part of Mr. L.'s routine, according to Mr. L.'s wife. The first entry of the day, undertaken as soon as Mr. L's eyes had snapped open –Mr. L possessing, according to his wife, an unfailingly accurate internal alarm clock which, Mrs. L claimed, she could sometimes hear going off deep in Mr. L's busy brain, far beneath his twitching eyelids—was invariably a comment on the weather, or in any case, those aspects of the weather observable from Mr. and Mrs. L's bedroom window: the color of the sky, the condition of the clouds, the reported or estimated temperature and so forth, following the completion of which entry Mr. L, having returned his diary to its usual place in the bottom drawer of the nightstand, one of a matching set of nightstands, the other, of course, being on Mrs. L's side of the bed, would throw back the bedcovers and launch himself from the bed straight into a deep-knee bend, following that one with fifty more in rapid succession. On this day, however, the day that Mr. L felt the first stirrings of his incipient coma, he threw back the deeply tufted velvet bedcovers, under which (as Mr. L remarked in his diary) he sometimes felt the hands of God pressing down upon him as he slept, to find that his legs had completely vanished.
The Weather Machine.
Past the reservoir and the aqueducts, past the condominium towers with their fragile balcony gardens and decorative gargoyles, lie the various institutes, facilities, government-sponsored brain trusts and corporate think tanks of the Quadrangle Research and Technology Park. The low, quiet, egg-colored buildings of the Quadrangle Research Park exude undisputed authority, disporting upon their square shoulders imposing acronyms rendered in smooth microplastic, facing, always, the rising sun. The exterior signage of the Quadrangle Research and Technology Park, sculpturally emerging from treeless lots, discloses no secrets, makes no claims, but nevertheless, in virgin white and polished red, expresses certain bold assertions, seeming almost to invite applause. Though what exactly is being boldly asserted, we, the volunteers, have never been able to figure out.
Several of us volunteers, while running errands in our cars during lunch breaks from our other jobs, on the days that we do not volunteer at the Schmetterling-Kitely Neurology Wing, have seen a group of Schmetterling-Kitely Neurologists, in their white doctor coats and loud ties, five or six of them all crammed together in a small sports car, pulling up to the gated entrance to one of the low quiet buildings of the Quadrangle Research and Technology Park. We have, each of us, on more than one occasion driving past the Quadrangle Research and Technology Park, seen glimpses of what we volunteers believe to be a weather machine. A machine for controlling the weather, yes, but also for creating it. It is not, we do not think, kept in one place, or in one building. As near as we can figure the machine, which we have only seen traces of, exists in some way due to the red notebooks we give to the doctors. We are not certain how this could be possible, but what do we know about Neurometeorology? Several of us volunteers have discussed these sightings amongst ourselves. We have compared notes. During lunch breaks from our other jobs we meet at a mutually convenient location and pile into a small sports car and drive to the Quadrangle Research and Technology Park, park across the street, and wait. We see the doctors and what appear to be several researchers warmly shaking hands next to a large spherical sculpture. We see the doctors loading something into the trunk of their car. We see the researchers lighting cigarettes and standing together in a little knot, smoking and talking and gazing over the roofs of facing buildings, in the general direction of the future.
A perfectly round white cloud casting a perfectly round dark shadow hung over the Quadrangle Research and Technology Park. The next day the shadow had moved six feet to the east. The day after that it had moved twelve more feet, and the day following that one it had moved twenty-four more, for a total of forty-two. For a week the cloud moved, as near as we, the volunteers, could figure by means of our primitive compasses and limited mathematical abilities, due east at a rate of 3(2(t-1)) feet/day2. By our calculations the cloud will be centered directly over Fritz Bemelmans Park in six days, three hours and forty-seven minutes.
The eyelids of the people in comas register subtle shifts in the barometric pressure. If it is to rain their faces sag like paper. Sometimes someone makes something that looks like a smile. We reach for our notebooks. There is a low-pressure front moving in from the north.
Miss Q.
Miss Q. is seventy-seven years old and has been in a coma for twenty years, six months, five days. Miss Q. is unique in that her coma did not come about, as far as we are able to know, as a burst from or bolt to the back of the neck, or as a sudden falling backwards with arms splayed, or as a sudden awakening into a new, twilit color —a color we volunteers imagine as a purplish shimmer pressing down upon the chests and heads of the people in comas— but overcame Miss Q. a little at a time, over a period of some forty or fifty years. Miss Q.'s close friend and neighbor Miss K. comes to see Miss Q. during most visiting days accompanied by her son D., a middle-aged gentleman whose face and limbs display the petulance of an exhausted child, and who sits upon a chair as if a chair is not something meant for sitting upon. Miss K. and D. are fond of saying about Miss Q.'s coma that Miss Q. was "boondoggled" by it. It is unclear whether this word possesses for Miss K. and D. some private meaning known only to them (and presumably, to Miss Q. before she became fully enmeshed in coma), or whether Miss K. and D. are simply fond of the word "boondoggled" despite its seeming inadequacy in expressing the events leading to Miss Q.'s coma.
Miss K. believes that Miss Q.'s coma was with her, like a shadow of wings beating overhead, from a very young age, although Miss K. herself did not become aware of the physical manifestations of Miss Q.'s encroaching coma until many years after she and Miss Q. first met as schoolgirls. According to Miss K., the first part of Miss Q.'s body to lapse into coma was her left leg, on May 10th, 1947. Miss K remembers the date because, as she relates to us, she and Miss Q. were supposed to perform that evening in a festival pageant heralding the vernal equinox, a tradition at Miss K. and Miss Q.'s small women's college. Miss K. was to play the role of a zephyr, while Miss Q. was to play a patch of snow being slowly melted by the warmth of the sun. The rays of the sun were to be played by a group of eight girls, who were to descend upon Miss Q with outstretched arms and beat with flat palms upon Miss Q.'s curled body, which was to respond by slowly unfurling and yawning and stretching out over the soft green lawn of the women's college while Miss K. fluttered about waving white scarves over the proceedings. Miss K. notes that Miss Q.'s left leg's coma resulted in its becoming not an anchor, but a kite, Miss Q.'s leg lifting or floating up of its own accord as if it wanted to fly off and away, a matter of some inconvenience as Miss Q. could neither control this nor predict when it was going to occur, the result being that Miss Q. was finally obliged to wear wrapped around her left ankle first a sand-filled stocking, and later a large heavy bracelet. This first, buoyant stage of coma lasted several years, but, Miss K. notes that as the coma made its way up Miss Q.'s left side and down the right, it became more and more of a burden, so that, in the months before Miss Q. was fully overtaken by her coma, she became, while fully awake and conscious, unable to move her body save for her eyes and mouth, her nose and ears, the pinky of her left hand, the toes of her right foot, her left shoulder, her right arm below the elbow, and her left ankle.
The Avenue of Fountains.
The north entrance to Fritz Bemelmans Park opens onto the Avenue of Fountains, one of the brightest and busiest streets in the city center. The fountains, housed within mesh enclosures upon small circular cement islands spaced evenly along the median of the Avenue, appear as a row of delicate silver parasols opening and closing with symmetric regularity, and their fine spray coats the workers and shoppers and gray-suited businessmen with a damp amniotic sheen. Limp-haired and soggy, the workers and shoppers and businessmen press small absorptive cloths to the backs of their necks, heads bowed against the onrush.
Every now and then the tide of people flowing day and night over the sidewalks and across the median in the center of the Avenue of Fountains and into and out of the tiered glass office towers with their glass elevators and revolving doors channels a small rivulet of baffled pedestrians into Fritz Bemelmans Park. They sit, with feet flat and hands on knees, staring straight ahead into the spaces once occupied by the statues, or wander about clutching bag lunches, unsure of where to sit or stand, uncertain of how they came to be here among the truncated trees and grasses and chalk-dusted asphalt of the Park. Among these castaways we sometimes discern a familiar coalescence, an arrangement of features we recognize as belonging to a loved one of a person in coma, but the loved one—or loved ones, as the case may be—are unable, it seems, to recognize us, or the people in comas, outside the confines of the Schmetterling-Kitely Neurology Wing. The doctors have told the nurses, who have told us, that this is to be expected. All the loved ones will eventually, inevitably come to see the people in comas as an inseparable part of the hospital, as having no discernible meaning away from the glass-roofed vestibule and the long pale corridor, no tangible qualities outside of the clean white-walled rooms where they—the people in comas—are housed amid gift-shop plants. The doctors stumble into these rooms as if by accident, blinking, glowering over clipboards, shouting incomprehensible questions to the nurses, speaking, so we volunteers believe, in a sort of code, and scanning with perceptible impatience the pale triangles of sky visible through the hospital rooms' windows.
Mrs. C.
Mrs. C. is fifty-one years old and has been in a coma for thirteen years, one month, 0 days. Every visiting day Mrs. C's husband R., son R. jr., and daughter M. come to do Mrs. C.'s hair and makeup. They bring with them, producing them from their pockets with the flair of a team of magicians, thin smocks of a waxy paperlike material to put on over their clothes. Mr. C attends to Mrs. C.'s hair while M. soaks Mrs. C.'s hands in rose water and R. jr. applies a mud pack. Following this M. will perform a manicure while R. jr.—a boy whose large helpless head and receding body indicate a likelihood that he, too, is destined for coma—stands sentry, mouthful of hairpins at the ready. Mrs. C's hair is of an unusual soft hue that reminds us of the interior sheen of a conch shell.
Prior to the onset of her coma, Mrs. C. enjoyed her hair very much, and always wore it in an elaborate upswept hairdo comprised of a complex arrangement of rotund curls held aloft by a still more complex system of long sharp pins. Mr. C. remarks that when he and Mrs. C. first met, she seemed to him a formal garden, in which one could wander for hours, feeling suitably awed but never relaxed, and among whose arcades and shaded boscos one is surprised, but not shocked, to come across a rusty axe sunk into the trunk of a tree. Yes, agree M. and R. jr., working together to prepare Mrs. C's face—M. sanding while R. jr. buffs, M. scraping while R. jr. collects the shavings in a small bucket, Mr. C. chipping away with tireless diligence at the yellowing varnish caused by Mrs. C's coma—there is, no doubt about it, a violence to Mrs. C's hairdo. It is a violence, however, that the C family cannot do without.
The Weather Machine, II
On a fourth Sunday at the cusp of summer, when the city is wrapped in a thin gauze of heat, when along the Avenue of Fountains workers crowd the narrow median during their lunch breaks to avail themselves of the fountains' cooling spray, clutching tiny paper cups from which they suck mouthfuls of crushed ice, one curved edge of the cloud's round shadow has just begun to appear over the weedy horizon of Fritz Bemelmans Park. Large aproned men bearing pushcarts of flavored ice treats station themselves at the four entrances to the Park, and gray-eyed musicians appear with flutes and accordions and guitars, crouching under shade trees with hats and instrument cases open to the public's approval or scorn, their tuneless tunes a flurry of golden darts that ping against but fail to penetrate the solid mass of heat.
In Fritz Bemelmans Park a group of children are squatting in a circle, gathered around what can only be described as a miniature tornado. The tornado, perhaps five or six inches in height, spins like an angry top, bumping against the cage of children's knees and issuing a low hungry whine. We volunteers have no doubt that this is the work of the weather machine, and the cumulonimbus cloud that hangs low over the park, darkening, but the tornados do not appear to be attached to the cloud, or to anything in particular, the tops of the funnels simply dissipating into warm air. At first, the children recoil when the dark column whirls against their bare legs, but soon grow bolder. They push down on the top of the tornado, then pull their hands suddenly away to watch it spring back into shape, and take turns encircling the tornado with their arms, imprisoning it. We suspect that the tornado is only the most visible manifestation of a second, lower cloud, invisible to us. The children walk all unawares through this second, lower, invisible cloud, and climb trees to thrust their arms up into the swollen underbelly of the first.
We push the people in comas, strapped to gurneys and propped up in wheelchairs, through flocks of tiny birds pressed like thumbprints into the air. We head for the cool places of the park, hurrying to reach the best benches, which flicker in and out of view beneath the long threadbare branches of the willows near the duck pond.
The people in comas wear regulation Schmetterling-Kitely coma patient jumpsuits, which we volunteers have to put on them before each visit to the Park. This task involves two of us volunteers working together upon one person in coma, in a system we ourselves have devised, one of us lifting and pulling and stretching while the other one pushes and bends and folds. The jumpsuits are made of terrycloth, and have small breast pockets with the Schmetterling-Kitely logo embroidered upon them in blue and green. Sometimes the eyes of the people in comas flutter open like moth wings at the moment of flight. We enter marks denoting the character and duration of each eye movement into the appropriate boxes in our red notebooks, and write, in separate spaces at the bottoms of the pages, preceded by the word Comments: moth wings, moment of flight.
Holly Tavel's fiction has appeared in, or is forthcoming from, Torpedo, Elimae, McSweeney's, The Prague Anthology, Diagram and others
Holly Tavel
HOLLY TAVEL is a fiction writer and artist whose work has appeared in McSweeney's, the Rail, Diagram, and many other publications. She lives in Brooklyn.


A Dalton businessman has spoken of his emotion after getting the go-ahead to keep a ?1million extension.
Marc Charnley, the owner of Charnley?s Homes and Gardens, appeared before Barrow Council?s planning committee on Tuesday.
Retrospective planning permission was granted for the expansion. It had been at risk of the bulldozers.
Mr Charnley said:? ?I?m emotional.? I can?t tell you what a struggle the last two years have been, for us as a family and as a business. ?
It followed a massive extension which opened at the Crooklands Brow site in 2016. It included a two-storey detached building and other features. These didn't?have consent from Barrow Council planners.
Nor did the firm have?council permission to widen its range to selling?home?gifts and furniture.
But council planners agreed the retrospective or backdated planning application. It comes with several strings attached – including a 106 agreement.
It obliges Mr Charnley to buy some nearby land to provide extra car parking for the business.
Planning committee member Cllr Gordon Murray raised concerns about giving permission.
?The car park is a vital part of this and without it, I couldn?t vote for it at all,? said Cllr Murray. ?It appears to me the car park is not secure because he doesn?t own the land.?
Council planning manager Jason Hipkiss said if the 106 agreement was not delivered, Mr Charnley would not get permission.
?I? would come back to the committee and say enforcement action is required. Because he can?t provide the car parking,? said Mr Hipkiss.
Mr Charnley said afterwards the family had spent more than two years of living ?under the threat? of demolition.
?We are so relieved that today we can finally put all this behind us and look to the future.
"We are grateful that we have got through it. At times we didn?t know if we would.
?We are proud to have a home and garden centre that gives local people what they want so they don?t have to go out of town.? Julie Charnley, Marc?s wife thanked the centre?s customers for their support.


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Spain – a country full of life, a nerve-wrecking bullfights, and colourful flamenco. It is a dream to be visiting there. Originated from the Roman name of "Hispania", Spain is actually the second largest country in Europe, next to France. It is situated in Europe's Iberian Peninsular which includes 17 autonomous regions with diverse geography and cultures.
Spanish cuisine is highly influenced according to regional cuisines. Their unusual geography and climate also influenced the method of cooking and also the ingredients used in their daily meals. Spanish delicacies derived from a complex histories of invasions and conquests which then modified the traditions. So, it's a must to try their unique food. Here some of the Spanish food you should try when visiting Spain.
One Spanish food you should try looks like a tantalizing tomato soup isn't it? Gazpacho is traditional Spanish food that is made from scratch. It started from choosing the reddest and ripest tomatoes, adding some olive oil, garlic, bread, peppers and cucumber which are then blended to a smooth consistency. After that, it is chilled and poured into bowls or glasses. It's that simple! The Spaniards community typically eat them every day in the summer at home, sometimes at some local bars, to beat the scorching sun.
This Spanish food you should try because well, it is super popular! Looks familiar? It kinda looks like a different version of our nasi goreng, but we assure you, Paella is more than that. It's a traditional Spanish food, well, originally from a Valencian community in Spain, which includes ingredients like chicken or rabbit, saffron, runner beans and butter beans. And last, but never the least, rice particularly from the bomba or calasaparra varieties grown on Spain's east coast, which are said good for absorbing all the flavours.
A must-try Spanish-food ever! You'd be missing the best part of Spain if you don't try one of this delicacies. It's not a meal, it's more to an appetizer if you must put it in words. Tapas are a part of the Spanish culture and tapas could be anything. Ever seen people in the movies at a party are served by the waiters or waitresses with mini food in a tray? Yes, our dear readers, those are called tapas, and as you read further down this article, we'll give you a few examples of them.
The next Spanish food you should try is probably the most simple recipe out of the list of Spanish food. All you need it some eggs, potatoes and put in some onion – Voila! Oops, wrong country. Anyway, this Spanish omelette is a cuisine you sure don't want to miss when visiting Spain. The potatoes and onions are first slow fried in olive oil then it is mixed with beaten eggs so that the flavours can be mixed into one beautiful concoction. Add a little bit chorizo, ham, spinach, courgettes or whatever you can think of, and you'll have one tasty meal.
This is an example of tapas, it is an easy, tastebuds-tantalizing treats. Popular in the Southern part of Spain as it is near the ocean and seafood are a vital part of their cuisines. This dish are easily found in local bars and restaurants everywhere, sometimes served as a main course. The main ingredients are commonly consist of shrimp, garlic, and olive oil. This classic delicacy will almost always includes some dry sherry (Vino de Jerez), some sweet Spanish paprika, a dash of lemon juice and also parsley.
Another Spanish food you should try is a warm dish. This hearty dish of warming stew of beans and sausages are a local favourites as well. Fabada Asturiana which originates in the Northwestern part of Spain will need more than a regular bean and sausage in their recipe. The traditional one are usually requires some fabas (locally-grown large white bean), chorizo, morcillo (Spanish blood sausage), smoked paprika, and saffron. This filling stew has a high nutritional value and generally served during the cold winter months in order for them to keep warm.
Chorizo or basically what we typically call a sausage, is not so typical at all. It is an undeniable scrumptious pork sausage made with lots of garlic and pimentón (Spanish smoked paprika). The Spanish Chorizo can be either sweet or spicy, served raw as a tapas, or it is added in a variety of dishes as the aforementioned, Fabada Asturiana. Chorizo can also made into different types such as chorizo Zamorano, the sweet Chorizo de Pamplona, Chorizo Riojano, Chorizo Patatero (made with potatoes) and many more. One of the Spanish food you should try, for those who can have it!
Got your tongue twisted saying? Ours did too. And surprisingly, the word Alioli is not even originated from Spanish – it's from the Middle East – well, according to Jamie Oliver anyways. It carry the meaning of garlic mayonnaise. Allioli on the other side, is a Catalan sauce which consist of garlic, olive oil, and salt. Pretty similar isn't it? And lastly, Aioli is a Provencal term that describing the same dish of garlic and olive oil. Hurt your head understanding these terms? So did we. This sauce is usually eaten with some of Spanish finest tortilla, fish or even baked potatoes.