(Woehlck, Kulier) Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology.
(Dunning III) Assistant Professor of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.
(Nithipatikom) Research Assistant Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology.
(Henry) Fellow, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.
Received from the Departments of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Submitted for publication August 16, 1995. Accepted for publication February 13, 1996. Portions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Atlanta, Georgia, October 21–25, 1995, and at the 70th Clinical and Scientific Congress of the International Anesthesia Research Society, Washington, D.C., March 8–12, 1996.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Woehlck: Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.
INTRAOPERATIVE carbon monoxide exposure has been reported during closed- or semiclosed-circuit anesthesia.  Recent studies have shown that carbon monoxide is produced via chemical decomposition of isoflurane, enflurane, or desflurane, by dry carbon dioxide absorbents.  In two cases of intraoperative carbon monoxide exposure during isoflurane anesthesia,  the presence of enflurane was indicated by a magnetic sector mass spectrometer, although enflurane had not been administered to these patients. The operating room mass spectrometer indicated the presence of enflurane based on the detection of fragmentation products of respiratory gases, with a mass to charge ratio (m/z)= 69. Trifluoromethane has been shown to result from the degradation of isoflurane and desflurane,  and is responsible for these false readings of enflurane. Therefore, warning of anesthetic decomposition and the production of carbon monoxide may be possible using current anesthesia monitoring instrumentation. The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of this technique to identify the presence of carbon monoxide during clinical conditions.
Separate human and in vitro studies were conducted to determine the relationship between carbon monoxide production from anesthetic breakdown in dry carbon dioxide absorbents and erroneous indications of the presence of enflurane via mass spectrometry.
With the approval of our institutional human research committee, permission was obtained to analyze respiratory gases for carbon monoxide in the event that the presence of enflurane was indicated during isoflurane or desflurane anesthesia, hence indicating a possible exposure to carbon monoxide. Analysis for gas phase carbon monoxide was performed as indicated later. Patient monitoring was performed with either of two magnetic sector mass spectrometers (MGA 1100, Marquette Electronics, Milwaukee, WI). Mass to charge ratio (m/z)= 69 was used for the identification of enflurane. Proper calibration of the MGA 1100 mass spectrometers was verified using calibration gases dictated by the manufacturer's instructions. Patient display was performed with the Advantage 2000 monitor (Marquette Electronics, Milwaukee, WI) or Tramscope 12 C monitor (Marquette Electronics, Milwaukee, WI). Carboxyhemoglobin concentrations were determined (ABL 520, Radiometer Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark) if the anesthesiologist deemed that sufficient exposure to carbon monoxide was suspected to warrant further investigation on clinical grounds.
Barium hydroxide lime (Baralyme, Chemtron, St. Louis, MO) was dried by the passage of dry oxygen at 10 l/min at room temperature until 5.2% water remained (partially dried), or until a constant weight was obtained. Soda lime (SODA LIME, Puritan Bennett, Lenexa, KS) was also dried to constant weight at room temperature in dry oxygen. Drying the absorbents to constant weight required several days under these conditions. A 275-ml aluminum cylinder surrounded by a water jacket served as a reaction chamber, and was filled with 200 g dried barium hydroxide lime. The temperature of the reaction chamber was maintained at 45–48 degrees Celsius (Concha Therm III Servo Controlled Heater #380–80, Respiratory Care, Arlington Heights, IL). Temperature was monitored by a thermo-couple (2100 Telethermometer, Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, OH) or glass/mercury thermometer placed into the barium hydroxide lime. The flow rate of gas through the reaction chamber was 300 ml *symbol* min sup -1. At the beginning of each experiment, dried or partially dried barium hydroxide lime was placed into the reaction chamber and allowed to reach the desired temperature. Oxygen (100%; control), or isoflurane (1.0%; Isoflurane Vapor 19.1 vaporizer, Draegerwerk, Luebeck, Germany), enflurane (1.2%; Enflurane Vapor 19.1 vaporizer, Draegerwerk), or desflurane (4.0%; Ohmeda Tec 6 Desflurane vaporizer, Madison, WI) in dry oxygen was passed through the reaction chamber. Gas samples were taken from the inlet and the outlet of the reaction chamber for analysis. Data were selected to show maximal values for carbon monoxide concentration, and were assessed by analysis of variance to verify statistically significant differences between inlet and outlet concentrations.
Additional experiments were conducted where isoflurane (1–5%) or desflurane (4 to 10%) in dry oxygen was passed through the reaction chamber at 35+/-1, 45+/-1, or 55+/-5 degrees Celsius, and at flow rates of 30 ml *symbol* min sup -1 to 2,500 ml *symbol* min sup -1 to obtain various degrees of reaction. Barium hydroxide lime (dried or partially dried) or soda lime (dried) were changed at appropriate time intervals to test the clinical mass spectrometer analysis of the reacted gases at varying degrees of absorbent exhaustion. These data were assessed by analysis of variance and regression lines were determined between the apparent but misidentified concentration of "enflurane," and the concentration of carbon monoxide. Statistical differences between the slopes of the regression lines were compared by the test of two slopes, simple regression with zero intercept model. Significance was determined at P < 0.05.
Anesthetic destruction occurred when isoflurane, enflurane, or desflurane was passed through the reactor; this was confirmed by decreases in specific spectral peaks measured by all three mass spectrometers. Gas chromatography was used to quantify the maximal concentrations of carbon monoxide produced by anesthetic destruction, as shown in Table 1. Trifluoromethane was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry when isoflurane or desflurane was reacted, but not when enflurane was reacted. Although trace amounts of other compounds were noted, carbon monoxide and trifluoromethane were the only gas phase compounds produced in large quantities during anesthetic breakdown in this study. Whenever trifluoromethane was present, the Random Access Mass Spectrometer quadrapole mass spectrometer showed marked increase in the size of the mass spectral peak at m/z = 69. The MGA 1100 mass spectrometer indicated apparent enflurane, which is measured by the relative strength of the signal produced by ions having m/z = 69. In subsequent in vitro experiments with isoflurane and desflurane at different concentrations and conditions, the apparent "% enflurane" as measured by the MGA 1100 was plotted against the carbon monoxide concentrations. The plots shown in Figure 1and Figure 2show the regression lines for data points resulting from plotting measured carbon monoxide concentrations against apparent enflurane values. The breakdown of isoflurane produced a greater apparent value of enflurane for the same carbon monoxide concentration as compared to desflurane. Greater apparent enflurane values for the same carbon monoxide concentrations also resulted at higher temperatures, higher water content (for barium hydroxide lime), and for barium hydroxide lime versus soda lime.
Figure 1. Parts per million carbon monoxide versus percent indicated enflurane for isoflurane and desflurane reacted at 45 degrees C under different absorbent conditions. All regression lines are statistically different from each other, and all have r2values > 0.95.
Figure 2. Temperature effect on the ratio of parts per million carbon monoxide to percent indicated enflurane for isoflurane and desflurane reacted in dried barium hydroxide lime. All regression lines have r2values > 0.95 and all are statistically different from each other except isoflurane at 45 degrees C and 55 degrees C.
Enflurane was indicated during the anesthesia of four patients receiving isoflurane. Barium hydroxide lime was the carbon dioxide absorbent in all four cases. Carbon monoxide was measured in the patient breathing circuit in three of these cases, and from the carbon dioxide absorbent canister immediately after removal of the canister from the breathing circuit in one case. The range of carbon monoxide concentrations measured in the breathing circuit was 30–410 ppm. The total duration of patient exposure to carbon monoxide in these cases was less than 15 min, and blood gas analysis showed that carboxyhemoglobin concentrations of all patients were less than 1.5%.
The warning of the presence of carbon monoxide depends on the simultaneous production of carbon monoxide and trifluoromethane during chemical decomposition of isoflurane and desflurane. The presence of gases for which clinical mass spectrometers were not specifically designed may result in false readings. [5–7] For example, clinical mass spectrometers will misidentify carbon monoxide as nitrogen because both gases possess mass spectra with m/z values of 28 and, therefore, mass spectrometers cannot reliably be used as an indicator for the presence of carbon monoxide during anesthetic breakdown. It is a fortuitous coincidence that the MGA 1100 mass spectrometer uses m/z = 69 for the identification and quantitation of enflurane, because this coincides with the major mass spectral peak of trifluoromethane. If a different mass spectrometer identifies and quantitates enflurane by any of its other mass spectral peaks, then trifluoromethane will not produce a false indication of enflurane, and that gas monitor would not provide warning of anesthetic breakdown. This technique depends on the display of an interfering substance (trifluoromethane) as a second anesthetic agent. To avoid nuisance warnings, many agent analyzers use algorithms that suppress the display of the second anesthetic agent until it reaches a certain absolute concentration, a predetermined fraction of the primary anesthetic agent, or a combination of these two criteria. These algorithms may reduce the sensitivity of this technique. However, if mass spectrometers were specifically designed to detect trifluoromethane, the sensitivity of this technique could be increased. Warning of the presence of carbon monoxide will not result from this technique if trifluoromethane is not simultaneously produced; this might occur with the endogenous production of carbon monoxide, or during the breakdown of enflurane, because enflurane does not produce trifluoromethane. However, under the conditions of this study, this technique has provided warning of anesthetic breakdown with breathing circuit concentrations of carbon monoxide as low as 30 ppm. Equilibrium carboxy-hemoglobin concentrations for 30 ppm carbon monoxide in room air are less than 5%,  and would be lower with the higher inspired oxygen concentrations commonly used during clinical anesthetics.
In this study, different concentrations of carbon monoxide are found at the same indicated value of enflurane, depending on type of anesthetic, temperature, and type and degree of hydration of absorbent. This suggests that the ratio of carbon monoxide to trifluoromethane produced during anesthetic destruction varies with the conditions; therefore, the sensitivity of this method also will vary with different conditions likely to occur under clinical situations. The greatest sensitivity of this technique exists with higher temperatures, higher water content, isoflurane rather than desflurane, and barium hydroxide lime rather than soda lime. Because the ratio of carbon monoxide to trifluoromethane varies, this technique cannot be used to quantitatively determine the amount of carbon monoxide that is present. If warning of anesthetic breakdown results from the presence of any amount of trifluoromethane, then remedial steps should be immediately taken to stop patient exposure to carbon monoxide.
Fang et al.  found that carbon monoxide was produced only in large quantity during the destruction of difluoromethyl ethers (-O-CHF sub 2), which suggests that the carbon monoxide arises predominantly from the -O-CHF2moieties of isoflurane, enflurane, and desflurane. This is consistent with mechanistic studies that infer that dihalomethylene intermediates (-CX2- where X = any halogen) participate in carbon monoxide production. [9–11] Sevoflurane is a monofluoromethyl ether (-O-CH2F) and neither possesses a -CX2- moiety nor produces significant amounts of carbon monoxide during breakdown. Although halothane contains a -CX2- moiety, this is in a structurally different location than in isoflurane, enflurane, or desflurane. Also, in the current study, the production of trifluoromethane was observed only during destruction of anesthetics containing the CF3moiety, namely isoflurane and desflurane, but not enflurane. Although sevoflurane and halothane also contain CF3moieties, different chemical pathways that do not result in trifluoromethane production have been proposed for the chemical reactions of these anesthetics. [12,13] Therefore, with the currently used clinical anesthetics, trifluoromethane production during anesthetic breakdown is accompanied by carbon monoxide production, although during the breakdown of enflurane, carbon monoxide production is not accompanied by trifluoromethane production.
These four cases of intraoperative carbon monoxide exposure, combined with the two cases previously reported from our institution, represent a total of six cases detected by this technique during isoflurane or desflurane anesthesia. During the 10-month period during which these six exposures were detected, a total of 2,316 general anesthetics using isoflurane or desflurane were delivered in operating rooms monitored by mass spectrometry. All cases of carbon monoxide exposure occurred with isoflurane anesthesia during the first general anesthetic of the day in that particular operating room, and the corresponding number of first cases was 1,372. This results in an incidence of 6 of 2,316 or 0.26%, but for first cases, the incidence of carbon monoxide exposure from anesthetic breakdown was 6 of 1,372 or 0.44%.
This study confirms that sufficient quantities of trifluoromethane are produced during the breakdown of isoflurane and desflurane by dried carbon dioxide absorbents to be reported as enflurane by clinical mass spectrometers identifying enflurane at m/z = 69. Because the ratio of carbon monoxide to trifluoromethane varies with conditions that are not likely to be known during clinical anesthesia, this technique cannot be used to quantitatively determine the amount of carbon monoxide to which a patient is exposed. If warning of anesthetic breakdown results from the presence of any amount of trifluoromethane then remedial steps should be immediately taken to stop patient exposure to carbon monoxide. No warning can be provided for the breakdown of enflurane by this technique.
The authors thank Dominic Corsale, William Sheets, and John Pendergast, of Marquette Electronics. In addition, the assistance of Dr. David Roerig, Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Zablocki VAMC, Dr. Lyle Hamilton, and Steven Brennan is acknowledged. They also thank Nordeana Nimphius, for assistance with statistics and manuscript preparation, and Kathryn Schroeter, R.N., for providing operating room statistics.
*Wiley Mass Spectra Library, John Wiley & Sons, Licensed to Hewlett Packard Company, Palo Alto, California, 1991.
Middleton VA, VanPoznak A, Artusio JF, Smith SM: Carbon Monoxide accumulation in closed circle anesthesia systems. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1965; 26:715-9.
Fang ZX, Eger II EI, Laster MJ, Chortkoff BS, Kandel L, Ionescu P: Carbon monoxide production from degradation of desflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, halothane, and sevoflurane by soda lime and Baralyme(R). Anesth Analg 1995; 80:1187-93.
Woehlck HJ, Dunning III M, Gandhi S, Chang D, Milosavljevic D: Indirect detection of intraoperative carbon monoxide exposure by mass spectrometry during isoflurane anesthesia. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1995; 83:213-7.
Eger II EI, Strum DP: The absorption and degradation of isoflurane and I-653 by dry soda lime at various temperatures. Anesth Analg 1987; 66:1312-5.
Kharasch ED, Sivarajan M: Aerosol propellant interference with clinical mass spectrometers. J Clin Monit 1991; 7:172-4.
Elliot WR, Raemer DB, Goldman DB, Philip JH: The effects of bronchodilator-inhaler aerosol propellants on respiratory gas monitors. J Clin Monit 1991; 7:175-80.
Bickler PE, Sohn YJ: Mass spectrometers and infrared gas analyzers interpret bronchodilator propellants as anesthetic gases (letter). Anesth Analg 1992; 75:142-3.
Stewart RD: The Effect of Carbon Monoxide on Humans. J Occup Med 1976; 18:304-9.
Hine J: Carbon dichloride as an intermediate in the basic hydrolysis of chloroform. A mechanism for substitution reactions at a saturated carbon atom. J Am Chem Soc 1950; 72:2438-45.
Hine J, Dowell AM: Carbon dihalides as intermediates in the basic hydrolysis of haloforms. III. Combination of Carbon dichloride with halide ions. J Am Chem Soc 1954; 76:2688-92.
Hine J, Dowell AM, Singley JE: Carbon dihalides as intermediates in the basic hydrolysis of haloforms. IV Relative reactivities of haloforms. J Am Chem Soc 1956; 78:479-82.
Sharp JH, Trudell JR, Cohen EN: Volatile Metabolites and Decomposition Products of Halothane In Man. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1979; 50:2-8.
Morio M, Fujii K, Satoh N, Imai M, Kawakami U, Mizuno T, Kawai Y, Ogasawara Y, Tamura T, Negishi A, Kumagi Y, Kawai T: Reaction of sevoflurane and its degradation products with soda lime. Toxicity of the byproducts (see comments) ANESTHESIOLOGY 1992; 77:1155-64.
Harvey J. Woehlck, Marshall Dunning, Kasem Nithipatikom, Alexander H. Kulier, Daniel W. Henry; Mass Spectrometry Provides Warning of Carbon Monoxide Exposure Via Trifluoromethane. Anesthesiology 1996;84(6):1489-1493. doi: 0000542-199606000-00026.


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This entry was posted in Events, Journalism, Newspapers, Online Journalism and tagged #wef11, conference, Events, Journalism. co.uk, world editors forum on October 17, 2011 by Rachel Bartlett.
There was a fascinating session at the World Editors Forum today titled 'looking beyond the article', which saw a number of speakers discuss the news game, and the ways news outlets are using gamification methods to offer wider context and understanding to news stories, events and scenarios.
One of the first speakers, Bill Adair, who is founder and editor of PolitiFact said he felt there was "a tremendous lack of imagination" in the industry in how to take advantage of new publishing platforms.
Many of us are slaves to our content management systems, which are slaves to the old way we were publishing. We have to think beyond that.
Scott Klein, editor of news applications at ProPublica, shared many examples of news apps which are doing just that. Klein's presentation of these examples can be found at this link.
He told the conference that as well as adding context a news app has the ability to personalise and place the user at the centre of the story and offer them the ability to see the impact on them, "it doesn't just tell a story, it tells your story", he said.
Another member of the panel was Bobby Schweizer, co-author of Newsgames: Journalism at Play. He said video games give the opportunity to look beyond the traditional news story and called on conference delegates to try and "make something".
And he himself is trying to help make this happen, working on the development of new software called the Cartoonist to help journalists produce their own news games, a project which won Knight News funding last year.
When asked about the implications of news games being able to be created quickly and potentially running alongside more breaking forms of the story, Schweizer said news outlets and journalists need to ask themselves why they are making the game.
You have to ask what do you have to gain over a written article? If you only need to answer who, what, when and where maybe you don't need a game. This has to be a balance that each organisation will have to find for themselves.
This entry was posted in Events, Journalism, Multimedia, Online Journalism and tagged #wef11, Bill Adair, Bobby Schweizer, games, gaming, PolitiFact, propublica, Scott Klein on October 15, 2011 by Rachel Bartlett.
Are we witnessing the beginning of the end of the newspaper crisis?
We are starting to see hopeful signs we're starting to pull through.
Specifically, he said, social media has begun to pay off, circulation is rising in developing countries, advertising is stabling, people are beginning to pay online and there are high profits in "decent economies".
We have used the crisis to clean up our houses. Cut down a lot of the fat. We're running operations that are as lean and mean as ever.
We're abandoning volume for value. We want to have better audiences. We want to be more enaged and interact with them. Finally, we are reclaiming our content and putting a price on it.
Free is very expensive and ultimately unsustainable. Open does not need to mean free.
It is not about whether we should pay anymore, he said, it is about what people will pay for.
If you go into a bar and ask for tap water, it's free. If you ask for champagne you have to pay for it. Peanuts are free in the bar, but if you ask for caviar you have to pay.
The problem is 80 per cent of the content we produce is peanuts. Only 20 per cent is caviar but nevertheless we want people to pay for everything. We need to produce caviar news so people will pay. You can still give peanuts to get people to come in and sit with you.
You can get the full report at this link, which offers a number of examples of innovations within news from across the world.
Journalism.co.uk is bringing you reports from the World Editors Forum throughout the conference.
This entry was posted in Business, Journalism and tagged #wef11, innovation media consulting group, world editors forum on October 15, 2011 by Rachel Bartlett.
"Don't be afraid" – this was just one of many messages given by a panel of publishers at the World Editors Forum today, who shared their experiences of erecting "paywalls" or what came to be termed by the panel as "leaky walls".
The panel featured three news outlets which have all established paid-content systems in their own ways, although the general approach appeared to be the same, leave holes in the "paywall".
Dirk Nolde, managing editor of Berliner Morgenpost Online in Germany spoke first, outlining the site's paid-content model which is free for print subscribers, or 4.90 euros a month. Only some content is placed behind the wall, including local news and sports, which are charged on different models, such as by day or month etc. "Make the assets paid", he said.
The site also offers a "first-click-free", such as via Google or social media, which works three times a day. " We are trying to be leaky with the paywall," he added.
The results so far is that we have 11,000 digital subscribers which includes print subscribers who can register for free. We thought it would be horrifying but we were wrong, visits went up.
According to his statistics in December 2009, the year in which the "paywall" was set up, visits stood at 2.4 million. In September 2010 this had risen to 3.3 million and last month, in September 2011 it was at 5.1 million.
It didn't really hurt us, we were able to tell the readers and our users there's quality behind this paywall.
But he said the site is looking to move to a more metered model.
We will give away more stuff, use a softer approach. It is about being able to accommodate users with the fact we think you should pay for content. That's our mission.
Fellow panel member, Matus Kostolny, editor-in-chief of SME in Slovakia, discussed how they joined up to the Piano project, a group paywall used by nine news outlets in Slovakia.
The project was set up by Piano Media. I spoke to chief executive of Piano Media Tomas Bella after the panel to find out where the company is going in the near future.
The paywall was erected in May this year. On SME it costs 2.90 euros a month or 29 euros a year and, just like Berliner Morgenpost Online, is free to print subscribers. Also similarly only some content is behind "the wall", such as opinion and political news, the wall is removed for big stories and SME is also considering a more metered wall.
But he added that is is important to remember that "behind stories are real human beings doing real jobs that are worth paying for".
Public opinion is one of the things we want to influence and we believe it's so important people pay for it, but if we don't pursuade enough people then we'll lose our inflence. We are thinking of different ways to change the structure of paid content and still think that in the end the journalism is worth to pay for and we will pursuade our readers to do it.
Revenue for the first month across all nine sites was 40,000 euros, "which was successful story for our market", he added.
We were afraid we would lose readers but in the end we didn't lose anybody, there is an increase of five per cent in unique viitors. We were afraid we would lose readers in locked sections but not losing them so much.
Later he added that one of the biggest lessons is not to be afraid to experiment.
The final speaker was assistant managing editor of digital content at the New York Times, Jim Roberts, who shared some interesting details on the Times' model, which we reported on here. He told the conference the Times' pay model is "based on number of principles".
We try to strike a very delicate balance betwee keeping as open as possible to news junkies, but also really wanted to instill a sense of value for our loyalists who continue to consume quality journalism.
We wanted our regular users to pay. They came to our site and still do, frequently. We felt they understood the sense of value and they would want to pay for it as many of them had done for their print subscription.
This is no supermarket. We're not selling everything, they don't have to pay for everything. You have to give things away to accomodate readers.
Produce online content that's really worthy of being paid for. That convinces readers and makes them say "wow that was good".
This entry was posted in Business, Events, Journalism, Online Journalism and tagged #wef11, digital subscriptions, New York Times, paid content, paywalls, Piano project, world editors forum on October 15, 2011 by Rachel Bartlett.
At the World Editors Forum today editor-in-chief of German news site Zeit Online, Wolfgang Blau, discussed the company's decision to build a html5-optimised site to present the website on the tablet instead of a native app, which is instead used alongside its print products.
Some of the advantages for this model, as cited by Blau included having shorter product cycles which are better suited to the web environment, lower development and maintenance costs and the opportunity for higher advertising revenue.
During our conversation I mention Apple's new subscription rules and the concerns this raised for some publishers about lost revenue and the lack of a direct relationship with the audience and related data.
When Apple first announced its new subscription plans in February they states that "customers purchasing a subscription through the App Store will be given the option of providing the publisher with their name, email address and zip code when they subscribe".
You can read more on this debate here and about the Financial Times' decision to also use a web-based app at this link.
This entry was posted in Events, Online Journalism and tagged #wef11, apps, tablets, Wolfgang Blau, world editors forum, Zeit Online on October 14, 2011 by Rachel Bartlett.
There were lots of nuggets of advice to take away from the community building session at the World Editors Forum in Vienna yesterday, from specific tips offered by panellists to inspirations to be taken from the projects they are involved in.
There is a difference between "shallow engagement" and "deep engagement". He says shallow engagement examples are comments on articles which are not responded to, "you're not really engaging just giving a platform for them to talk to each other", user photo contests or sharing tools, which "allow the community to recirculate your journalism, but there's no direct engagement".
Deep engagement is about spending real physical time with the community, he said, such as through open newsrooms, hosting of events or curating work of community members. "This gives you feet on the ground", he said.
But you have to give up some control if you want to work with the community, he warned, and you need them to view you as a partner, and then they will come to site more regularly, link to you more, tell their friends about you and "root for your success".
"It is about actions, not just words", she said. Novak gave several examples of how Norran has been productive in responding to the views of the audience, such as starting a campaign about train service. A resulting poll showed 90 per cent of readers "were really happy about it", she said. "They really felt we were on their side".
Much like Brady, she also encouraged opening up the newsroom. Norran runs a project called eEditor, an online chatroom people can use from 6am until the newsroom closes to discuss the news list which is put out to the community to enable them to "co-create with journalists".
Johnson told the conference to think beyond the article, offering the example of month-long festivals the Economist ran which were based on themes of special reports.
He also urged the audience not to feel like they need to change who they are or what they do to fit in to the community, or feel the need to dumb down. "Work out what is special and unique and then decide how you can translate that wherever you want to build community," he advised.
This entry was posted in Events, Journalism, Social media and blogging and tagged #wef11, Anette Novak, community, engagement, Jim Brady, mark johnson, world editors forum on October 14, 2011 by Rachel Bartlett.


Letters of thanks and success stories from Dr. Zeitlin's clients.
I just emailed the sonogram of my first baby to Dr. Zeitin with the subject line: "You did this." He did. I couldn't have done it without him. And I don't think I can accurately express my gratitude to Dr. Zeitlin for making my dream of having a child possible.
Before I went to Dr. Zeitlin, I was resigning myself to the idea that I could never have my own biological child. All of the suggestions from doctors and friends to use third party sperm or adopt really just made me feel worse and worse. After three failed IVF treatments, I was referred to Dr Zeitlin. My expectations were low. I expected that he would improve my sperm but it wouldn't make a difference when it came to conceiving. I was honestly shocked when he said that he didn't see any reason why I couldn't have a child. He convinced me that my dream was possible. He was encouraging, supportive, and took the time to listen to my concerns and to clearly explain how he could treat my problems and the results I could expect.
He is the best doctor I've had in two decades.
I have never met a more trustworthy physician. I was eager to try any surgery he thought might help but he actually steered me away from the procedure. Instead, he recommended medication.
Now, my girlfriend is pregnant.
I am grateful to Dr. Zeitlin and all his staff for their patience, their support, and most importantly their level of expertise.
I wholeheartedly recommend Dr. Zeitlin to you.
https://www.drzeitlin.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Testimonials11.jpg 500 1170 DrZeitlin https://www.drzeitlin.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Dr-Zeitlin-logo.jpg DrZeitlin2013-06-18 00:33:082017-07-22 18:54:25Encouragement and Results!
https://www.drzeitlin.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Dr_Zeitlin_Craig_+_Chloe.jpg 275 500 DrZeitlin https://www.drzeitlin.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Dr-Zeitlin-logo.jpg DrZeitlin2013-05-07 02:21:462017-07-22 18:54:25It's a girl!
I would like to start this letter by saying a huge thank you to Dr. Zeitlin and all of the staff at Los Angeles Infertility and Prostatitis Medical Group. Your support, encouragement, and patience were everything we could have hoped for. My husband and I will always be grateful.
After trying unsuccessfully to get pregnant for one year naturally, my OB/GYN tried insemination unsuccessfully. She then referred us to a fertility specialist. After some testing, our fertility doctor was pessimistic about our chances and suggested that my husband get a more thorough examination before we started IVF. I called around to all of my doctors to find us a male sexual health specialist. I asked everyone from our family doctor to my ophthalmologist for recommendations. The one name that kept coming up again and again was Dr. Zeitlin.
My husband has never been comfortable with doctors and was especially nervous about going to a urologist, but everyone on the staff made him feel comfortable and he became optimistic and excited. I had never seen my husband so comfortable with a doctor before but Dr. Zeitlin earned his trust and his respect.
Thanks to all the staff at LAIPMG. You made our family complete.
https://www.drzeitlin.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Dr-Zeitlin-logo.jpg 0 0 DrZeitlin https://www.drzeitlin.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Dr-Zeitlin-logo.jpg DrZeitlin2013-04-03 06:10:132017-07-22 18:54:25"My husband and I will always be grateful."
During the hardest and most disappointing time of my life, Dr. Zeitlin offered hope that I could have my own child. Before I saw him, the fertility clinic told me that the only way I could have a child would be to use a sperm donor. The only way I was going along with that was after I exhausted every possible option. I received multiple referrals to Dr. Zeitlin and he proved them wrong. We are now pregnant with our first child.
Each time I arrived for my appointments, I knew I was in good hands. He made me feel at ease, and free to ask whatever questions I had. Scott quickly became a friend as well as my doctor. It was great to finally have someone who I could trust to help me understand my problems and who would listen to my worries.
I have already recommended two close friends to Dr. Zeitlin and would recommend him to everyone out there who wants results.


text:
Q: How could be Laravel Socialite be integrated with a SPA? I know we have the stateless() and and getTargetUrl() methods, than i am trying this at my controller:
public function socialRedirect($provider){

        return Socialite::with($provider)->stateless()->redirect()->getTargetUrl();
    }

The problem is that in my SPA front end, i can't make a sucessfull request to the provided url as like in the code below:
async facebookLogin() {
      try {
      const url = await this.$axios.$get('/auth/social/facebook')
      this.$axios.$get(url)
      } catch (error){
        console.log(error)
      }
    },

I get CORS related stuff errors:
OPTIONShttps://www.facebook.com/v3.3/dialog/oauth?client_id=240805606930310&redirect_uri=http://localhost:8000/api/auth/social/facebook/callback&scope=email&response_type=code
CORS Missing Allow Origin

What am i doing wrong? I am specially confused since i can access the URL by copying it and pasting in another browser tab, but i can't sucessfully make the AJAX request to it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[WaitStats](
    [WaitStatsId] INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT pkWaitStats PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,
    [ReportDate] DATETIME2 NOT NULL,
    [Wait Type] [nvarchar](60) NOT NULL,
    [Wait Sec] [decimal](16, 2) NOT NULL,
    [Resource Sec] [decimal](16, 2) NOT NULL,
    [Signal Sec] [decimal](16, 2) NOT NULL,
    [Wait Count] [bigint] NOT NULL,
    [Wait Percentage] [decimal](5, 2) NOT NULL,
    [Avg Wait Sec] [decimal](16, 4) NOT NULL,
    [Avg Res Sec] [decimal](16, 4) NOT NULL,
    [Avg Sig Sec] [decimal](16, 4) NOT NULL
)
GO

CREATE INDEX ixWaitStats_ReportDate ON WaitStats (ReportDate)
INCLUDE (
    [Wait Type],
    [Wait Sec],
    [Resource Sec],
    [Signal Sec],
    [Wait Count],
    [Wait Percentage],
    [Avg Wait Sec],
    [Avg Res Sec],
    [Avg Sig Sec]
)
GO

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


One of the biggest drains on your therapists is the time spent scheduling. Take a day to see how much time your therapists spend at the wall board, and you may be amazed. That's why MediLinks has introduced a breakthrough approach to therapist-patient time management: patient-centric scheduling. This powerful innovation greatly improves efficiency and quality of care in inpatient settings.
Most important, this radically different approach to IRF scheduling makes your therapists more productive. Keep reading to find out how.
Patient-centric IRF scheduling puts all your patients right on your scheduling grid, so you can easily compare their schedules with therapist availability. By displaying a patient schedule alongside the therapist column, you can quickly find treatment times that work, even in an extremely hectic schedule.
MediLinks gives everyone in your IRF real-time updates on the day's schedule, including any last-minute changes or corrections. Whether it's displayed on the therapist's laptop, a big-screen in the nursing station, or a monitor in the patient's room, everyone knows exactly what's going on. And all that time you save frees your team to work more closely with patients.
Now you can put scheduling at your fingertips — literally. MediLinks can display the schedule on monitors across your unit for the benefit of your staff, patients, and families. These HIPAA-compliant displays can be edited with touchscreen technology to adapt to last-minute changes in the schedule. Speak to a Mediware consultant today to see how you can replace your outdated whiteboard and markers with real-time updates and better communication across your entire unit.
You can easily print daily schedules for clinicians, nursing stations, and more. Patients and their families will appreciate seeing the day's schedule in advance. This added visibility also enhances collaboration and communication throughout your facility.


It's just the start of August and already it has been a record breaking week for the twenty-one year old me. I'm happy that I became a part of three beautiful wedding celebrations, a witness of three couples' promise to love each other beyond forever. Congratulations and best wishes to the couples!
I've been struggling with having to wake up early these past week because of my internship schedule. I swear I could have taken another elective but because we weren't informed that we could do so, I ended up registering for it. What I love about the eight to five schedule is that I can go home early, keep myself updated with the news, phone friends, chat and watch some clips. I'm really at my happiest when I'm just at home, bumming around. It's the only two months that I haven't been counting down, so I'll keep it as it is.
Although I'm not feeling well today, maybe because of the everyday traffic and rush hour I have to face, I'd give myself a good sleep, hoping to be okay by tomorrow. It's my lola's special day in heaven tomorrow, she deserves another blog entry.


An extraordinary everyman, Sid Roberson was the ultimate paradox. Sir Alan Parker pays tribute to his friend - art director, photographer, director, bodybuilder and many things besides - who died in December aged 79.
On 22 December last year, my good friend, film director Sid Roberson, died. For four decades, he was a seminal figure in the British advertising world: first, as an agency art director, then reinventing himself as a photographer and then as a director. Sid was the ultimate paradox: the original Champagne socialist – a Marxist who took his kids to school on a black Harley and brought them home in a convertible Mercedes. He was an intellectual bodybuilder: a vain yuppie and self-deprecating everyman, and one of the most popular figures in the British advertising world.
"He knew everyone on every corner: every adman, waiter, stall-trader, side-door madam"
Born in Edmonton, London, in 1937, he was the middle son of a family of seven children.
After attending Enfield Grammar, Sid was called up for national service in the medical corps in Cyprus, where he worked mostly on his tan. In 1961, newly married to his first wife, Brenda, Sid left for a life in the US, where he worked with minimal success in advertising. However, he had greater success in the world of bodybuilding. Sid became a regular at New York gyms and, bizarrely, even claimed third place in the 1963 Mr Universe competition.
Returning to England, he worked as an advertising typographer and later as an art director. Lord Puttnam recalls: "Sid was a first-class art director and immensely helpful to me when I started my business. I think that was always Sid's instinct: to be kind and helpful." He then transformed himself into photographer and then commercials director. His handsome looks also got him a part in the iconic Strongbow cider commercials directed by Sir Ridley Scott, where he played a muscular, charioteer warrior. Scott said: "He was a friend and I cast him because of his physique and macho personality. It turned out that he was scared of horses, couldn't shoot a bow and arrow and got tipsy drinking half a glass of cider."
Sid's friends included the luminaries of the past four decades of British advertising. Scott, Charles Saatchi, Sir Frank Lowe, Sir John Hegarty, David Abbott, Ross Cramer, Paul Weiland, Dave Trott and so many more. And it's fair to say that, at some point, he fell out with every one of them. Myself included.
When it came to political argument, Sid took no prisoners. Lowe said: "You'd have dinner with Sid and go in thinking you had left-leaning views and, after an evening battered by Sid, you'd leave thinking you were a right-wing conservative."
"Sid has the funniest reel in town and there's not a single commercial on it"
The only person Sid never fell out with was his brother and best friend, wine merchant Cliff Roberson. The two middle sons of a large family, they were carved from the same block of no-nonsense granite and their extraordinary bond was unbreakable.
A list of his elite friends would have been an embarrassment to him and a contradiction of his egalitarian beliefs. But if you walked through Soho with Sid, it would take twice as long as normal because he knew everyone, on every corner: every adman, waiter, stall-trader and side-door madam.
Forever the paradox, while enormously articulate, no sentence left Sid's mouth without the accompaniment of the crudest of expletives. I remember in 1969, over lunch in Soho, Sid tried to persuade me to reluctantly leave copywriting and direct commercials. "If a (blank) (blank) like me can do it, then a clever (blank) like you can certainly do it," he said.
His commercials production company, if not the most successful, was certainly the most fun. Film technicians would change their bookings for a chance to work on Sid's sets. His anarchic wit and photographer's eye led to many award-winning commercials. His showreel contained films for anti-apartheid and anti-smoking among the Pot Noodles. He also made party political broadcasts for the Labour Party. During these years, he lived life to the full and the excesses of the times eventually bankrupted his and many other TV commercials companies. Sid blamed the ruthless capitalist bankers, but his own profligacy was also partly culpable.
He married Suze in 1990, giving him great stability, as did their three children, Charlie, Florence and Nat. A devoted father, he was fiercely proud of all of his children, including his first daughter Hannah, endlessly singing their praises.
He reinvented himself as a TV director on two series of The Fast Show before rebooting his commercials career. Hegarty said: "Sid has the funniest reel in town and there's not a single commercial on it."
However, his health deteriorated and his mobility was impaired, forcing him to use a stick. After my regular lunches with him, he always insisted on driving me home. I commented on his erratic driving and he said: "My feet are numb, so it's hard to know if it's the accelerator or the brake."
In ill health, he then embarked on an extraordinary part of his life, enrolling as a mature student at Birkbeck College and achieving a BA and MSc in politics and society. He was enormously proud of his academic success so late in life.
My first inkling that he was seriously ill was before Christmas when Arsenal were beaten by Manchester City. For years after such a result, Sid, a fervent Spurs supporter, would always text me one word: "Whoops." There was no "Whoops" that day, and I feared the worst. Eventually, this enormously fit man lost his battle with life as his body, but never his mind, finally failed him. His last words to his son Charlie were: "Stop crying you (blank)."
"I first met Sid in 1966 when he and I were at Benton & Bowles. By then, he was regarded as an outstanding art director. He then went on to be a truly talented photographer, following that by being an outstanding commercials director. He made a number of brilliant commercials for Bartle Bogle Hegarty. And then a TV comedy director. The Fast Show is a classic. "I always felt he was too talented at too many things. Which meant he didn't commit to one. I believe had he done so, he would have made an even greater impact with his creativity. A lesson many young creatives need to learn today."


Supporting Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Secure Digital (SD) media, the Solid-State Data Transfer Unit (SSDTU) represents the next generation of data upload and download equipment for your aircraft.
Data files are transferred between the media ports and interfacing LRUs using a high-speed Ethernet data bus connection. To accommodate a variety of aircraft configurations, the SSDTU is available in fixed-mount and portable versions.
The SSDTU is designed to eliminate the dependence on obsolete floppy and ZIP disks required by the DTU and DTU-100, as well as the CD/DVD-ROM of the Accessible Data Unit (ADU).


text:
Books May 14, 2009 at 4:00 am
Increasing the Vocabulation, Reducing the Distress
A Poetry Program at Juvie
Paul Constant
The Juvenile Detention Center is in a bland, sprawling building on 12th Avenue halfway between Capitol Hill and the International District. In the belly of the center, once you pass through a metal detector and a security checkpoint, you'll encounter a branch of the King County Library System. Most of the juvenile-detention facility looks like a depressing postapocalyptic high school—gray institutional rooms with no windows, hallways blockaded with armored manned checkpoints that resemble machine-gun nests, teenagers walking in straight lines with their hands held behind their backs and their heads hung low—but the library is quite pleasant. It's spacious, large skylights allow in a fair amount of natural light, and shelves are stocked with well-worn comic books and manga.
On the evening of April 23, most of the shelves have been pushed aside and 50 young men and women—all dressed in navy blue scrubs, wearing identical white socks and bright orange plastic sandals—sit in rows flanked with correctional officers, listening to other inmates read poetry that they, and other kids like them, have written. Once you remind yourself that instead of an awkward high-school assembly, this is an audience of criminals (with crimes ranging from shoplifting to assault) performing for other criminals, it's surprising to see how nervous the readers get. After she reads a short poem, one young woman hides her blushing face in her hands when a guard gives her a thumbs-up.
The audience has been quiet until now—they know they'll be sent back to their narrow cells if they aren't polite—but a young man reads a poem that inspires the audience to laugh and cheer and mutter "amen." The poem is titled "Inauguration," and as it builds to a close, the young men in the audience get more and more into it: "It makes me feel good to have a black president/Even though my dad's not a real man, Barack is evidence... Listen to him talk at the inauguration/Makes me want to read and increase my vocabulation./Barack makes me feel like, 'Why settle for less?'/When you can be black and have the best." The poem gets the biggest applause of the evening.
Richard Gold started Pongo Publishing in 1996, and in the years since, dozens of teachers—many of whom are psychology majors with a background in English—have joined him in Seattle-area juvenile-detention centers and mental-health facilities to provide poetry therapy for troubled youth. Gold is a small, soft-spoken man who seems physically incapable of saying a negative word, and his staff of volunteers has the kind of positive, wildly optimistic energy that is normally reserved for born-again Christian proselytizers.
A week before the reading, Gold invites me to watch a poetry session. The poetry is written in a structured environment: Six to eight inmates gather in a conference room, and a spirited volunteer named Adrienne Johanson leads a group poetry-writing exercise, writing down ideas for poems on a large pad of paper. "What do you want to be like?" she says. The suggestions come from everywhere: Bear. Lion. Waterfall. Quarterback. "What makes you feel strong?" she says. A lanky boy in the back bellows, "Weed," and Johanson, without missing a beat, counters, "That's great, but we need to focus on something a little more appropriate."
The imagery suggestions begin to turn ribald—"I'm going to push it like a Mack truck" and "Stand tall and firm like a skyscraper"—before a short kid mutters, "You look like a porn star." Johanson, with the brusque, practiced air of a teacher, whips back: "What was that? You have something to contribute to the poetry?" The room gets still, and the short kid shrinks in his seat. Control is regained, but just barely. ("When kids are snarky or sarcastic, that's a display of their wit or cleverness," Johanson says after the session. "You just have to engage slightly with it to turn it back on track.")
But once the kids break out into one-on-one sessions with their teachers, the emotional feeling in the room changes remarkably. The teachers walk the inmates through fill-in-the-blank worksheets of Gold's invention ("Dear __________ [Mom, Dad, Sister, Grandma, old friend, ???], Since the last time I saw you, I have __________ [grown, suffered, changed, ???] so much. The time that I __________ was especially important"), and the kids start talking about themselves. One young man cries as he talks about his grandmother's disappointment in him. An illiterate boy, narrating his story to a volunteer, talks about forgiving his father and then says he hadn't ever done that before. The volunteers shape the stories into poems and read them back to the boys.
Johanson and Gold say that the sessions often work like this, with an unruly group that dissolves into a sincere emotional experience during the one-on-one sessions. Gold selects some of the poems to publish anonymously in chapbook form. He says, "Publishing their work is huge for them. It makes it real." Many of the Pongo poets, including one young man at this session who has participated three times, send their work to their parents. It's the first meaningful interaction he's shared with his mother in years.
There are no quantifiable results to report. Pongo Publishing can't track its poets' progress because of legal issues associated with them being minors, but Pongo can cite several surveys, including one sponsored by the Soros Foundation, that "showed a significant reduction in the teens' level of distress" once they've been through the program. Gold cites anecdotal evidence, too, including a young man named Colby who called in to a 2008 radio appearance on Steve Scher's Weekday program to say that one session of poetry with Gold changed his life. "It lit a bomb inside of me... if it wasn't for [Gold] extending that invitation to me, I never would've found poetry."
Gold has arranged for two members of local hiphop group Giant Panda to perform at the April 23 graduation ceremony. Free- styling a cappella, with the audience providing beats, the rappers seem to make a connection with the kids, especially when they do a song called "Racist," a litany of stereotypes. (From the portion of the song devoted to honkies: "I voted for Bush again/Set my VCR to tape the last episode of Friends.") But the best part of the performance is an impromptu speech by Jamaan Mclaren, who performs under the name Maanumental.
"I just wanted to say my brother's got two strikes," he says. The audience clucks its sympathy. "And he's one of the smartest people I know, a genius. He'd get bored, and so he'd always go out and get into some high jinks." Mclaren says his brother's doing better now, even recently touring Japan with Giant Panda. "You've got to find something you love and stick with it," he says. "And that thing better not be crime." He looks out at the audience and says, "Y'all look like my brother, and y'all are geniuses." One of the guards gets a little teary.
Tags: Books
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Lecture - Space, Robots and Us: New Avenues of Armenia-Diaspora Cooperation in Engineering, AUA
American University of Armenia (AUA)
June 25, 2015, 18:00 - June 25, 2015, 19:30
Venue: 308E, Paramaz Avedisian Building
Address: Baghramyan Ave., 40, Yerevan, Yerevan, 0019, Armenia
The lecture will give an overview of the Robotics Academy at Glendale College as well as explore the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) (the leading U.S. center for robotic exploration of the solar system, which makes extraordinary space robots). The idea of creating a peer to peer network between Armenia and Diaspora engineers and scientists, as well as the need for establishing Maker/Hacker-spaces in Armenia will also be discussed.
Richard Ohanian is a NASA JPL Engineer and an adjunct faculty of Robotics and Electronics at Glendale Community College, where he has helped establishing GCC's Robotics Academy and developed/taught courses in Electronics and Robotics. He is also the founder of Ohaniom Enterprises LLC (2015) and ArmEngine (2004). Richard is a fellow member at Policy Forum Armenia and a council member at Armenian Engineers and Scientists of America. He is currently conducting a workshop on robotics at Tumo.
Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh)
12 PhD Fellowships 2019, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Germany
PhD Fellowships in Nanomedicine 2019, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Research Fellowship in "Modeling and Analysis of Multi-Rotor Floating Wind Turbines" 2019, University of Stavanger, Norway
Research Fellowship in Offshore/Ocean Technology 2019, University of Stavanger, Norway
8 Doctoral Fellowships in Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Doctoral Programme 2020-2023, University of Oulu, Finland
PhD Research Fellowship in Blockchain Technologies 2019, University of Oslo, Norway


text:
Chairman Neil Ramshaw opened the meeting advising that seven apologies had been received. Details of the Christmas lunch had been provided by John Taylor with a request that bookings and payments be back to him by Tuesday December 1st. A "Vote of Thanks" person is still required for Tuesday November 17th and the Chairman would appreciate a volunteer coming forward.
Today saw the now annual and increasingly popular Members' Morning with five Forum members giving a short discourse on a topic of their choosing.
First up was Lou Cosentine who talked about being an "American in Britain". He talked about having been in the U.K. for fifteen years, his second generation immigrant background and his mid west and Chicago heritage. Lou gave a flavour of the melting pot background to the U.S.A. and its impact on their geographical and world view of politics and social issues with some comparison with the Canadian perspective.
Our second Speaker was Gordon Richardson who spoke of his time in " R.A.F. Service 1946″. Being stationed under S.E. Asian Command and in India he shared the serious concerns of R.A.F. servicemen who became agitated over the tardiness of demobilization particularly in comparison to the Army and Navy. Failure of the hierarchy to deal with these concerns led to strikes or withdrawal of labour and a knock on impact on Indian forces at the time independence ambitions were at their height. Changes of senior personnel eventually resolved the issues with 100,000 men demobilized in the spring of 1946 and the process completed in 1947. The seriousness of the action should be considered against the background of it being a capital offence.
The Forum's Registrar Derek Simpson then took the floor to share some "Railway Memories". He recalled his time at Gisburn when he found himself the only person available to remedy a lighting problem further down the track which involved him placing a lamp but having to climb 100 feet up a viaduct and a signal which cured his fear of heights!! He informed us about his godfather Rabbit Dick with his poacher sideline alongside his railway employment which resulted in the provision of rabbits and pheasants. Mention was made of a Polish Railway employee with a musical bent who entertained in Morecambe and involved Derek and his sister getting a late, unofficial train home; we also heard about the missing Stationmaster who spent regular time at the Bank buying and selling stocks and shares. Derek told us about his "voluntary " jobs running the refreshment carriage on holiday trains; his time at Lake Windermere and his missed opportunity of employment in San Francisco!!
The fourth talk was provided by Ian Blyth who shared some of his experiences as a "Merchant Navy Cadet". These anecdotes were prefaced with comments about the poor conditions of the Fleet and the lack of progress and change from the 30's , 40's and 50's which was also exemplified in the management style of some of the Officers he encountered.Examples included Engineering Officers who barely spent anytime in the engineering deck and Ship's Captains who over indulged and could not be roused to make course direction orders!! Ian also advised of a trip with his wife onboard when during the night she, with a nursing background, was asked to confirm a steward had died. The corpse was then put into frozen storage at too low a temperature which eventually delayed the autopsy on shore!!
The final Speaker Grahame Devonport took as his topic "Forensics" from his background as a forensic scientist . He advised that the first forensic laboratory opened in 1934 in Hendon, London with further locations being added too including Wakefield which eventually moved to Harrogate and Newcastle. These two locations eventually joined up in Wetherby but due to Treasury cut backs the service was privatised and is no longer in the public sector. Early days had seen analysis of blood, semen, instruments, footmarks etc from scenes of crime and improvements were made such as full blood grouping, comparison of handwriting and the significant breakthrough from the discovery of D.N.A. Grahame shared an amusing story that demonstrated the relevance of time and location being pertinent to what is said !! and he also shared a visual foil with the audience.
A number of questions were asked at the conclusion of the talks and the Chairman thanked all the participants for their excellent , entertaining and informative contributions to the morning.Thirty eight attendees benefited from the morning's programme.


What kind of gear do I need for Snow sports? What size ski boots and skis should I buy? Where can I go to snowboard in New Zealand? Yellow® How To answers all of these questions, read our guides and find out the answers to you questions. What kind of car do I need to drive up a snowy mountain road?
Layering clothing means putting one shirt or sweater on top of another. You may ask, why wear three sweaters when one jacket will accomplish the same results? That is just the point. The results are not the same.
In New Zealand conditions on the ski slopes can vary. To get the best out of your winter holiday you need to know what to take with you. Check out our guide on what to pack for a ski trip.
Heli-skiing offers an unparalleled skiing experience, but to do it safely you need a competent heli-ski operator. Avoid disaster, learn what to look for in a heli-ski operator.
So, you're setting out to buy your first pair of skis. Knowing the basics will help you buy your skis with a little more authority.
Today, it is difficult to find a skier or boarder who doesn't wear a helmet. Not surprising when you consider that skiers regularly exceed 40 kph – would you ride a motorcycle without one?
A decent pair of ski gloves is mandatory if you want to enjoy your time on the snow. How do you choose the right ones?
Everyone knows snow sports are expensive, but whether you're skiing or snowboarding you you just can't do without a decent pair of ski goggles.
Lagging behind your friends on the slopes? Are those turns harder than you remembered? It's probably time to wax your skis.


text:
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    Component Objects for CWMP

    Notice:
    The Broadband Forum is a non-profit corporation organized to create
    guidelines for broadband network system development and deployment.
    This Broadband Forum Document has been approved by members of the
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    Forum, any of its members, or any developer or service provider.
    This Broadband Forum Document is subject to change, but only with
    approval of members of the Forum.  This Document is copyrighted by
    the Broadband Forum, and all rights are reserved.  Portions of this
    Document may be copyrighted by Broadband Forum members.

    This Broadband Forum Document is provided AS IS, WITH ALL FAULTS.
    ANY PERSON HOLDING A COPYRIGHT IN THIS BROADBAND FORUM DOCUMENT,
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    (c) THAT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONTENTS OF THE DOCUMENT WILL NOT
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    OTHER RIGHTS.

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    implementation may require licenses to patents.  The Broadband Forum
    encourages but does not require its members to identify such
    patents.  For a list of declarations made by Broadband Forum member
    companies, please see http://www.broadband-forum.org.  No assurance
    is given that licenses to patents necessary to implement this
    Document will be available for license at all or on reasonable and
    non-discriminatory terms.

    ANY PERSON HOLDING A COPYRIGHT IN THIS BROADBAND FORUM DOCUMENT, OR
    ANY PORTION THEREOF, DISCLAIMS TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY
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    CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES UNDER ANY LEGAL THEORY) ARISING FROM OR
    RELATED TO THE USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON THIS DOCUMENT; AND (B) ANY
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    Summary:
    This document defines objects for use in CWMP managed devices.  The objects
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    * September 2009: tr-157-1-1-0.xml, corresponds to TR-157 Issue 1
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            <description action="replace">This object defines the UPnP devices and UPnP services that are implemented by the CPE.</description>

            <parameter name="UPnPDMBasicMgmt" access="readWrite">
                <description>Enables/Disables UPnP-DM Basic Management.</description>
                <syntax><boolean/></syntax>
            </parameter>
            <parameter name="UPnPDMConfigurationMgmt" access="readWrite">
                <description>Enables/Disables UPnP-DM Configuration Management.</description>
                <syntax><boolean/></syntax>
            </parameter>
            <parameter name="UPnPDMSoftwareMgmt" access="readWrite">
                <description>Enables/Disables UPnP-DM Software Management.</description>
                <syntax><boolean/></syntax>
            </parameter>
        </object>

        <object base="UPnP.Device.Capabilities." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <parameter base="UPnPArchitecture" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">
                    Numeric value indicating the major version of the supported UPnP architecture.
                    If UPnP 1.1 is supported the value is 1.  If UPnP 2.0 is supported the value is 2.
                    A value of 0 indicates no UPnP support.
                </description>
            </parameter>
            <parameter name="UPnPArchitectureMinorVer" access="readOnly" dmr:previousParameter="UPnPArchitecture">
                <description>
                    Numeric value indicating the minor version of the supported UPnP architecture.
                    If UPnP 1.1 is supported the value is 1.  If UPnP 2.0 is supported the value is 0.
                    If {{param|UPnPArchitecture}} is 0 then this parameter SHOULD be ignored.
                </description>
                <syntax><unsignedInt></unsignedInt></syntax>
            </parameter>
            <parameter name="UPnPDMBasicMgmt" access="readOnly" dmr:previousParameter="UPnPIGD">
                <description>
                    Numeric value indicating the supported revision for UPnP-DM Basic Management.
                    A value of 0 indicates no support.
                </description>
                <syntax><unsignedInt></unsignedInt></syntax>
            </parameter>
            <parameter name="UPnPDMConfigurationMgmt" access="readOnly">
                <description>
                    Numeric value indicating the supported revision for UPnP-DM Configuration Management.
                    A value of 0 indicates no support.
                </description>
                <syntax><unsignedInt></unsignedInt></syntax>
            </parameter>
            <parameter name="UPnPDMSoftwareMgmt" access="readOnly">
                <description>
                    Numeric value indicating the supported revision for UPnP-DM Software Management.
                    A value of 0 indicates no support.
                </description>
                <syntax><unsignedInt></unsignedInt></syntax>
            </parameter>
        </object>

        <object base="UPnP.Discovery." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <parameter base="RootDeviceNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
            <parameter base="DeviceNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
            <parameter base="ServiceNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
        </object>
    </component>

    <component name="USBHostsDiffs">
        <object base="USBHosts." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <parameter base="HostNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
        </object>

        <object base="USBHosts.Host.{i}." access="readOnly"
                numEntriesParameter="HostNumberOfEntries" minEntries="0" maxEntries="unbounded">
            <parameter base="DeviceNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
        </object>

        <object base="USBHosts.Host.{i}.Device.{i}." access="readOnly"
                numEntriesParameter="DeviceNumberOfEntries" minEntries="0" maxEntries="unbounded">
            <parameter base="Parent" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">
                    {{reference}} This is a reference to the parent USB device (e.g. hub device).
                    This is {{empty}} for a device connected to the Host controller (root hub).
                </description>
                <syntax>
                    <string>
                        <pathRef refType="strong" targetParent="#.Device." targetType="row"></pathRef>
                    </string>
                </syntax>
            </parameter>
            <parameter base="ConfigurationNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
        </object>

        <object base="USBHosts.Host.{i}.Device.{i}.Configuration.{i}." access="readOnly"
                numEntriesParameter="ConfigurationNumberOfEntries" minEntries="0" maxEntries="unbounded">
            <parameter base="InterfaceNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
        </object>
    </component>

    <component name="NSLookupDiagDiffs">
        <object base="NSLookupDiagnostics." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <parameter base="DiagnosticsState" access="readWrite" activeNotify="canDeny">
                <syntax>
                    <string>
                        <enumeration value="None" access="readOnly"></enumeration>
                        <enumeration value="Requested"></enumeration>
                        <enumeration value="Complete" access="readOnly"></enumeration>
                        <enumeration value="Error_DNSServerNotResolved" access="readOnly">
                            <description>Unable to resolve DNSServer Name</description>
                        </enumeration>
                        <enumeration value="Error_Internal" access="readOnly"></enumeration>
                        <enumeration value="Error_Other" access="readOnly"></enumeration>
                    </string>
                </syntax>
            </parameter>
            <parameter base="ResultNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly" activeNotify="canDeny">
                <description action="replace">
                    {{numentries}}
                    Total number of Result entries from the most recent invocation of the test.
                </description>
            </parameter>
        </object>

        <object base="NSLookupDiagnostics.Result.{i}." access="readOnly"
                numEntriesParameter="ResultNumberOfEntries" minEntries="0" maxEntries="unbounded"
                dmr:noUniqueKeys="true">
            <parameter base="Status" access="readOnly" activeNotify="canDeny">
                <description action="replace">
                    Result Parameter to represent whether the NS Lookup was successful or not.
                    Errors for individual Result instances do not get bubbled up to {{param|#.DiagnosticsState}}.
                    A failure on a specific attempt does not mean that the overall test failed, but a failure on all attempts means that {{param|#.DiagnosticsState}} SHOULD be {{enum|Error_Other}}.
                </description>
            </parameter>
        </object>
    </component>

    <component name="SelfTestDiagDiffs">
        <object base="SelfTestDiagnostics." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <parameter base="DiagnosticsState" access="readWrite" activeNotify="canDeny">
                <syntax>
                    <string>
                        <enumeration value="None" access="readOnly"></enumeration>
                        <enumeration value="Requested"></enumeration>
                        <enumeration value="Complete" access="readOnly"></enumeration>
                        <enumeration value="Error_Internal" access="readOnly"></enumeration>
                        <enumeration value="Error_Other" access="readOnly"></enumeration>
                    </string>
                </syntax>
            </parameter>
        </object>
    </component>

    <component name="SmartCardReaderDiffs">
        <parameter base="SmartCardReaderNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
            <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
        </parameter>
    </component>

    <component name="UI_RemoteAccessDiffs">
        <object base="UserInterface.RemoteAccess." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <description action="replace">
                This object contains parameters relating to remotely accessing the CPE's user interface.
                Remote access is defined as any entity not of a local subnet attempting to connect to the CPE.
                Remote access requires user authentication.  To provide remote access authentication the CPE MUST support a "User" table with at least one instance that has "RemoteAccessCapable" set to {{true}}.
            </description>
        </object>
    </component>

    <component name="DI_ProcessStatusDiffs">
        <object base="DeviceInfo.ProcessStatus." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <parameter base="ProcessNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">
                    {{numentries}}
                    Since a Process can come and go very quickly, the CPE SHOULD place a locally specified limit on the frequency at which it will notify the ACS of value changes, as described in {{bibref|TR-069a2|Section 3.2.1}}.
                </description>
            </parameter>
        </object>
    </component>

    <component name="PeriodicStatisticsDiffs">
        <object base="PeriodicStatistics." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <parameter base="SampleSetNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
        </object>

        <object base="PeriodicStatistics.SampleSet.{i}." access="readWrite"
                numEntriesParameter="SampleSetNumberOfEntries" minEntries="0" maxEntries="unbounded">
            <parameter base="ParameterNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
        </object>
    </component>

    <component name="DownloadAvailabilityDiffs">
        <object base="DownloadAvailability.Announcement." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <parameter base="GroupNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
        </object>
    </component>

    <component name="DI_TemperatureStatusDiffs">
        <object base="DeviceInfo.TemperatureStatus." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <parameter base="TemperatureSensorNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
        </object>
    </component>

    <component name="DI_SupportedDataModelDiffs">
        <object base="DeviceInfo." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <parameter base="SupportedDataModelNumberOfEntries" access="readOnly">
                <description action="replace">{{numentries}}</description>
            </parameter>
        </object>
    </component>

    <component name="MS_AutonomousTransferCompletePolicyDiffs">
        <object base="ManagementServer.AutonomousTransferCompletePolicy." access="readOnly" minEntries="1" maxEntries="1">
            <parameter name="ResultTypeFilter" access="readWrite" dmr:previousParameter="TransferTypeFilter">
                <description>
                    Indicates the transfer results that MUST be included when the CPE notifies the ACS of AUTONOMOUS TRANSFER COMPLETE events.  Transfer results omitted from this list MUST NOT be included when the CPE notifies the ACS.
                    Note that this includes any backup or restore operations that were not specifically requested by the ACS.  A backup is regarded as an Upload and a restore is regarded as a Download.
                </description>
                <syntax>
                    <string>
                        <enumeration value="Success">
                            <description>The autonomous file transfer completed successfully; i.e., the FaultCode was zero</description>
                        </enumeration>
                        <enumeration value="Failure">
                            <description>The autonomous file transfer did not complete successfully; i.e., the FaultCode was non-zero</description>
                        </enumeration>
                        <enumeration value="Both">
                            <description>Success and Failure</description>
                        </enumeration>
                    </string>
                </syntax>
            </parameter>
        </object>
    </component>

    <!-- IGD:1 and Device:1 Full Component Definitions -->
    <component name="User">
        <component ref="_User"/>
        <component ref="UserDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="UPnP">
        <component ref="_UPnP"/>
        <component ref="UPnPDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="USBHosts">
        <component ref="_USBHosts"/>
        <component ref="USBHostsDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="NSLookupDiag">
        <component ref="_NSLookupDiag"/>
        <component ref="NSLookupDiagDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="SelfTestDiag">
        <component ref="_SelfTestDiag"/>
        <component ref="SelfTestDiagDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="SmartCardReader">
        <component ref="_SmartCardReader"/>
        <component ref="SmartCardReaderDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="UI_RemoteAccess">
        <component ref="_UI_RemoteAccess"/>
        <component ref="UI_RemoteAccessDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="DI_ProcessStatus">
        <component ref="_DI_ProcessStatus"/>
        <component ref="DI_ProcessStatusDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="PeriodicStatistics">
        <component ref="_PeriodicStatistics"/>
        <component ref="PeriodicStatisticsDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="DI_TemperatureStatus">
        <component ref="_DI_TemperatureStatus"/>
        <component ref="DI_TemperatureStatusDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="DownloadAvailability">
        <component ref="_DownloadAvailability"/>
        <component ref="DownloadAvailabilityDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="DI_SupportedDataModel">
        <component ref="_DI_SupportedDataModel"/>
        <component ref="DI_SupportedDataModelDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <component name="MS_AutonomousTransferCompletePolicy">
        <component ref="_MS_AutonomousTransferCompletePolicy"/>
        <component ref="MS_AutonomousTransferCompletePolicyDiffs"/>
    </component>

    <!-- Device:2 Full Component Definitions -->
    <component name="USBHosts_Device2">
        <component ref="_USBHosts"/>
        <component ref="USBHostsDiffs"/>

        <object base="USBHosts.Host.{i}.Device.{i}." access="readOnly"
                numEntriesParameter="DeviceNumberOfEntries" minEntries="0" maxEntries="unbounded">
            <parameter name="USBPort" access="readOnly" dmr:previousParameter="Port">
                <description>{{reference}} This is a reference to the USB host device to which this (external) USB device is connected.</description>
                <syntax>
                    <string>
                        <!-- This is a path reference to the Device:2 USB Component that defines a Port as an interface -->
                        <pathRef refType="strong"  targetParent=".USB.Port." targetType="row"></pathRef>
                    </string>
                </syntax>
            </parameter>
        </object>
    </component>

    <model name="Device:1.6" base="Device:1.5">
        <component path="Device." ref="UserDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="UPnPDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="USBHostsDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="NSLookupDiagDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="SelfTestDiagDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="SmartCardReaderDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="UI_RemoteAccessDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="DI_ProcessStatusDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="PeriodicStatisticsDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="DI_TemperatureStatusDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="DownloadAvailabilityDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="DI_SupportedDataModelDiffs"/>
        <component path="Device." ref="MS_AutonomousTransferCompletePolicyDiffs"/>
    </model>

    <model name="InternetGatewayDevice:1.7" base="InternetGatewayDevice:1.6">
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="UserDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="UPnPDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="USBHostsDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="NSLookupDiagDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="SelfTestDiagDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="SmartCardReaderDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="UI_RemoteAccessDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="DI_ProcessStatusDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="PeriodicStatisticsDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="DI_TemperatureStatusDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="DownloadAvailabilityDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="DI_SupportedDataModelDiffs"/>
        <component path="InternetGatewayDevice." ref="MS_AutonomousTransferCompletePolicyDiffs"/>
    </model>

</dm:document>


I added a Vortech supercharger, heads, cam, headers and tunable computer. This thin screamed, but it had absolutely no traction. The car ran 10.75 with the street tires, but ate the rear tires up at an incredible rate. This car was featured in an edition of Fast Fords & Muscle Mustangs.
Vortech Supercharger, Aluminum heads, cam and headers. Very potent.


text:
JCA: Jewish Community Center Records
Abstract The Jewish Centers Association was formally organized in 1926, located on Melbourne near Woodward Avenue in Detroit. Its purpose was to provide recreational, cultural, and informal educational activities for the Detroit Jewish community. These records include JCC programming and events at its many locations, from the Fenkell Branch to the West Bloomfield campus, from 1935 to 2005. The materials include meeting minutes from various governing groups and papers from the Jewish Book...
JCA: Jewish Community Council Records
Abstract The Jewish Community Council was established in 1937 as an umbrella organization to serve as a unifying force for Jewish organizations of metropolitan Detroit.The records of the Council document the organization's operational activities, programming, and publications, and the interests of the organization as related to issues such as anti-Semitism, discrimination and the civil rights movement, church-state relations and education, Israeli and Middle Eastern affairs, Zionism, and the...
JCA: Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit Microfilms
Abstract The Jewish Welfare Federation, later known as the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit (JFMD), and its various divisions and agencies maintained files of minutes of their leadership meetings and collected material pertaining to their organization in scrapbooks. This collection includes the microfilmed minute books of the Jewish Welfare Federation, United Jewish Charities and the Detroit Service Group, as well as scrapbooks of the Jewish Federation and its Women's Division, and the Hebrew...
JCA: Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit Records
Abstract The Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit (Federation or JFMD) is an umbrella organization for many Jewish social service agencies in the Detroit metropolitan area that promotes philanthropy and volunteerism in the Detroit Jewish community. The papers of the Federation document the activities of the organization, its history, and the activities of its member organizations and of organizations with which it has affiliated, including the Council of Jewish Welfare Federations,...
Subject: Community organization X
Community-based social services 2
Allied Jewish Campaign 1
Community service 1
Desegregation 1
Desegregation in Education 1
Detroit (Mich.)--Race relations 1
Discrimination in housing 1
Human rights 1
Labor movement 1
Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit 2
Jewish Community Center of Metropolitan Detroit 1
Jewish Community Council (Detroit, Mich.) 1
Leonard N. Simons Jewish Community Archives 1