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Crossrail Farringdon Station SCL Tunnels: delivering value through innovation and best practice
Document type: Technical Paper
Author: Angelos Gakis Dr. Dipl-Ing, MSc DIC, CEng MICE, Petr Salak Eur Ing, MSc, CEng MICE, Adrian St.John, BEng (Hons) Eur Ing FICE CEng
Crossrail Farringdon station stands amongst the most geotechnically challenging tunnelling projects in the UK with approximately 1km long sprayed concrete lined tunnels excavated mainly in the unpredictable Lambeth Group, encountering water bearing sand lenses in multiple locations. Four tunnel boring machines were terminated at Farringdon while the main station tunnelling and civils works were underway.
The successful outcome was a result of the optimisation of the depressurisation and in-tunnel investigation, the design and construction of five additional temporary tunnels, the optimisation of the excavation sequence and support, the implementation of ground treatment (dewatering, chemical grouting) where non-cohesive units were encountered, and the overall geotechnical risk management.
The completion of the tunnelling works provides an opportunity to critically assess the key design and construction aspects, and to draw conclusions that could be useful for similar projects in the future.
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BFK BAM Nuttall, Ferrovial Agroman, Kier Construction (the main contractor)
DSP Dr. Sauer & Partners (the specialist SCL designer)
FBG Fibre Bragg Grating (for optical strain monitoring)
GBR Geotechnical Baseline Report
FE Finite Element
HS2 High Speed 2
LU London Underground
OCI Optimised Contractor Involvement
RES Required Excavation and Support
SCL Sprayed Concrete Lined
SRG Shift Review Group
TAM Tube-a-manchettes for Compensation Grouting
Farringdon Crossrail station is approximately 300m long, stretching between the existing London Underground (LU) Farringdon and Barbican stations. The new Crossrail tunnels were constructed using the Sprayed Concrete Lined (SCL) tunnelling method. This open-face method provides unique benefits in relation to construction flexibility and adaptability to various conditions but, by its very nature, is more susceptible to geotechnical hazards. The tunnels at Farringdon, crossing multiple faults and the discontinuous sand lenses of the unpredictable Lambeth Group formations, were probably the most geotechnically challenging SCL tunnels ever to be constructed in London. Live interfaces with station box excavations and four concurrent TBM drives added further complexity to the design, sequencing, planning and logistics.
The main contractor was BFK Joint Venture (BAM Nuttall, Ferrovial Agroman, Kier Construction), who appointed Dr. Sauer & Partners (DSP) as their specialist SCL designer for the temporary works. The Client's designer responsible for the permanent SCL works was Mott McDonald.
This paper describes the key factors that contributed to the successful completion of the SCL tunnelling works as well as the main lessons learned.
2 Station Layout and Subsurface
The station layout, shown in Figure 1, was similar to the other Crossrail stations with a total of 1km of SCL tunnels, including two long platform tunnels interconnected via numerous cross-passages, two ventilation tunnels linking the platform tunnels to the main shafts and two inclined, escalator tunnels with platform level concourses.
The tunnel lining comprised a steel fibre reinforced SCL primary lining, a sheet waterproofing membrane and a cast in-situ secondary linings also using steel fibre reinforcement. The tunnels were up to 35m below ground level with cross-section areas varying from 25m2 to 110m2.
The majority of the tunnels were excavated in the Lambeth Group, a variable formation with regards to both lithology and permeability. The SCL tunnels also encountered the London Clay and the dry Thanet Sand units, although to a far lesser extent. A description of the main units encountered during tunnelling is given in Figure 2.
Although Lambeth Group clays proved to be ideal for open face excavations, the presence of interbedded water bearing sand lenses required significant mitigation measures to ensure face stability. This was a particular issue in the Upper Mottled Beds where the water pressures were around 100kPa. In the most unfavourable sections, these sand lenses were up to 4m thick and hydraulically continuous.
To add to this already complex geotechnical context, the SCL works encountered five geological faults. The exposed face of the faulted ground was as stable as the non-faulted ground and the geotechnical properties were also comparable. However, the main impact was the vertical displacement of the sand lenses, which in the most pronounced case (Smithfield Fault) was almost 8m.
The distribution of the Upper Mottled Bed sand lenses and the location of the faults are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Plan view of Farringdon Station showing the UMB sand lenses, the faults, the boreholes as well as the Reference Design proposed deep wells
Figure 2. Description and SCL considerations of the geological units as encountered in Farrington (from Gakis et al 2015a)
The BFK/DSP team carried the responsibility for all the temporary SCL works. We were not constrained by a number of Crossrail specifications for the permanent SCL works, and the team were able to test and challenge a number of conventional practices in SCL design and the Crossrail SCL permanent works specifications. Several elements that were uniquely applied at Farringdon station are discussed in the following sections.
3.1 SCL Tunnelling
Two important achievements of the BFK/DSP team at Farringdon, were the design and construction of the largest SCL tunnels ever constructed in London without a pilot tunnel, and the formation of openings in SCL tunnels without additional steel bar reinforcement or thickening of the shell.
3.1.1 Large SCL chambers without pilot tunnel
TBM reception tunnels STE1 and STE2 (see Figure 1) were two additional SCL chambers designed to receive the TBMs coming from Liverpool Street station, thus allowing the removal of the cutterheads and of the main mechanical TBM parts. The SCL tunnels were 9010mm high by 9410mm wide with a single 400mm thick steel fibre-reinforced primary SCL. Convention would dictate the need for a temporary pilot tunnel (or sidewall or temporary invert) for tunnels of this size; however, STE1 and STE2 were instead constructed with a top-heading/bench/invert sequence, providing the most efficient compromise between face stability and rapid ring closure. STE1 and STE2 were completed faster than similar size concourse tunnels (CH1 and CH2 in Figure 1), which were enlarged from temporary SCL pilot tunnels. This refinement saved 8 days on the critical path and delivered £300k in direct savings. This solution also resulted in savings of approximately 120m3 of shotcrete (28 tonnes of CO2) and health and safety benefits by eliminating dust, noise and vibration at source (through the design) because no temporary SCL had to be demolished. The successful and timely completion of STE1 and STE2 provides a new precedent that could yield far greater benefits for future similar projects. This has already been used as a reference project for the SCL tunnels on HS2.
3.1.2 Optimised openings in SCL tunnels
Openings in SCL tunnels without additional reinforcement (steel bars / mesh) or shell thickening require high-end engineering, utilising the flexural strength of the steel fibre-reinforced concrete shell. It is by no means a solution that can be applied without critical thinking and thorough independent checking. Farringdon was an example where the local conditions, the design principles and the optimised tunnel shapes allowed such optimisations to be implemented in multiple instances. One of these structures was the temporary wraparound PL2RC, presented in detail by Gakis et al (2015c). This tunnel was similar in concept and functionality to other wraparound tunnels constructed on Crossrail, yet in this instance no lining thickening or bar reinforcement was introduced. The openings to the structures were formed without any issues, and the deformations were all within acceptable limits and correlated well with the predictions.
The benefits of these optimised openings are notable in terms of both health and safety as well as in time/cost savings. The quantified savings for a single opening are summarized Table 1. For a typical station with 20 openings, the total benefit could save up to 120 days in programme duration, 90 tonnes of steel, 3000m3 of concrete, 3000m3 of excavated material and 1000 tonnes of CO2 emissions. Refer to Gakis & Salak (2016) for details.
PROGRAMME DURATION SAVINGS
Excavation 1 day
Fixing of rebar in invert 1 day
Spraying invert up to axis and cleaning 1 day
Backfill + fixing of rebar in crown 1.5 day
Spraying crown 1 day
Cleaning and waiting for concrete strength 0.5 day
Sub-total 6 days
MATERIAL USAGE SAVINGS
Steel bar and/or mesh reinforcement per opening 3-6 tonnes
Additional thickening – SFRC (assuming 400mm thick) ≈160m3
Additional excavation ≈160m3
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SAVINGS
CO2 emissions (assuming only 150 kg/tonne of reinforced concrete) ≈ 50 tonnes
Table 1: Savings in programme duration, material usage and environmental impact when avoiding the installation of additional reinforcement and thickening in one opening (after Gakis, Salak (2016))
3.2 Fibre Optic Monitoring
In addition to the conventional in-tunnel 3D optical targets, Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) fibre optic strain and temperature sensing cables were installed in tunnel RTE2 (see Figure 1). The FBGs were installed at the extrados of the tunnel and proved to be robust enough to withstand the shotcrete application. RTE2 tunnel was expected to undergo significant stress (and strain) changes during the subsequent excavation of adjacent tunnels CH2 and ES2, which were in such close proximity that the invert of the escalator ES2 was practically in contact with the shoulder/crown of RTE2.
Figure 3 shows the results for the FBG sensors which exhibited the most pronounced deformations, and this indicated a good correlation between the trend of the in-tunnel optical target displacements and the strains measured by the fibre optics. On the basis of the Farringdon study, the authors consider that FBG sensors are a viable and valuable monitoring method for SCL tunnelling, particularly if deployed with two cables per section (i.e. at tunnel intrados and extrados) and using an underground WiFi network to transfer data to the surface to avoid the need for physical signal cables which are prone to damage. This case study is presented and discussed in more detail in Salak et al (2015).
Figure 3. Vertical displacement readings and FBG strain readings
3.3 Geotechnical Risk Management and Depressurisation Design
The optimisation of the depressurisation design commenced with descoping 52 prescribed deep dewatering wells due to the uncertainty of their efficiency and the severe access restrictions (see Figure 1). In order to manage the significant ground risks related to open face SCL tunnelling in the Lambeth Group formations, a bespoke geotechnical risk management framework was implemented. This involved the collection of all previously-available and/or incoming data, detailed interpretation using a 3D Geological model (see Gakis et al (2015a)) and the illustration of the spatial distribution of these risks at several stages of the project using hazard maps (see Figure 4). Sources of incoming data were the in-tunnel probing (pre-excavation) and the mapping of the exposed face (post-excavation). The 3D Geological model that was originally developed in 2009 by the British Geological Survey (Aldis et al 2009 & 2012) was handed over to BFK/DSP and was updated daily. This process constituted a continuous cycle of risk reduction through the increasing knowledge and confidence in the ground conditions. The implementation of this geotechnical risk management framework allowed a further 70% reduction of the total quantity of in-tunnel probing.
Figure 4. Mapping of Geotechnical related Hazards at the design stage (top) and after the construction of the western tunnels (bottom) (from Gakis et al 2015d
4 Lessons Learned and Best Practice
The following section describes the main lessons learned as well as best practice examples from the execution of the SCL tunnelling works at Farringdon.
4.1 Contract and SCL design responsibility
The project benefited greatly by the use of NEC3 option C, which promoted collaboration and communication, and provided the Employer with cost transparency. The project team had aligned objectives, shared targets as well as risks, and a stake in successful outcomes. Additionally, the Geotechnical Baseline Report (GBR) provided an excellent, easy to use, objective measure of allocation of ground risks and assessment of entitlement to Compensation Events.
The combination of NEC3 Option C and the GBR provided the Employer with a competitive initial Target Price, and protection of the Contractor against adverse ground conditions and other significant risks such as interfaces and design development. In this respect, it should be of no surprise that the final out-turn cost at Farringdon was substantially higher than the initial Target Price (NCE 2019). If the Employer had wished for little or no growth in price then an alternative contract model could have been employed (e.g. fixed price lump sum), but that would have resulted in a far higher initial price and the taxpayer paying for risks whether they ultimately occurred or not. In the authors' view, the choice of NEC3 Option C was prudent, and provided a sustainable economic model for the industry, affording appropriate incentivisation and protection for both Contractor and Employer alike. It should be recognised that projects of this scale and complexity carry extremely high commercial risks, and Contractor margins remain extremely tight.
The involvement of the BFK/DSP design team at Farringdon started with the Optimised Contractor Involvement (OCI) process, a 12-week period during which the team investigated potential optimisations of the SCL design. However, by this stage the SCL design was already at RIBA Stage D and, with the benefit of hindsight, far greater benefits might have been achieved through earlier and longer engagement.
A complex Division of Responsibilities for the SCL design was the result of the contractual framework (a 'construct only' contract rather than 'design and build') and of the utilisation of the SCL primary lining works as part of the permanent works. This posed a particular challenge to the teams because the Contractor, responsible for the temporary works, had to demonstrate that the primary lining was compliant with the permanent work requirements. The point where the design responsibility for the primary lining passed over to the Client was not clearly defined, and different approaches were followed on different Crossrail SCL contracts. At Farringdon, the primary linings transitioned from the temporary to the permanent works design following closure of the SCL inverts and achievement of the 28-day strength in the shotcrete. It is the authors' view that future SCL projects with similar design requirements for the primary linings should employ just one SCL designer with full responsibility to avoid complexity and superfluous interfaces.
4.2 The BFK 'TBMs first' initiative
The platform tunnels at Farringdon were enlarged from the precast concrete tunnels which had been constructed by the TBM. Although this introduced additional interfaces, it provided an excellent TBM pilot tunnel from which in-tunnel investigation and ground treatment could be executed. This also resulted in reduced settlement, increased safety, increased productivity, and reduced HGV movements through central London. A full analysis of the benefits of this approach is given in St.John et al (2015).
4.3. SCL tunnelling in sand
Sand lenses were encountered on multiple occasions during the SCL excavation works. Although the lenses in the lower part of the Lambeth Group (Lower Mottled Beds) were depressurised thanks to historical water abstraction, the sand lenses in the Upper Mottled beds were water-bearing and too thick to excavate without implementing specific mitigation measures ('toolbox items').
A simple set of water inflow and pore water pressure criteria were defined by DSP which gave the site team clear actions to be taken based on simple measurements. This process was followed successfully when water bearing sand lenses were encountered, enabling rapid decision on site based on simple measurements at the tunnel face. When these criteria were exceeded, in-tunnel vacuum-aided depressurisation was utilised. In one location at the east end of the Eastbound Platform Tunnel, a 4m thick lens was encountered in and above the crown of the SCL tunnel enlargement. This posed a major risk to stability, and it was therefore decided to combine targeted depressurisation measures with chemical grout injections (sodium silicate). The latter reduced the permeability of the sand and increased the undrained shear strength, thus increasing the overall stability of the exposed tunnel face.
Additional probing was carried out prior to the restart of the SCL enlargement works to verify the successful implementation of the mitigation measures. In addition, the first SCL excavation rounds were protected by spiles, and were further sub-divided into smaller pockets to enhance face stability. Table 2 presents the main details of the in-tunnel depressurisation and chemical grouting applications.
Depressurisation Chemical Grouting
Installation location Sides of TBM segments, above axis Crown of TBM segments
Spacing 3m 1x1m grid
Quantity 21 no. wellpoints 78 no. TAMs
Length 6-12m 5m
Borehole size
76mm ID self-drilled
90mm open hole 90mm ID open hole
38mm ID PVC self-drilled
25mm ID PVC open hole 40mm ID PCV (TAM), 3 ports/m, 12 ports per TAM
Annulus backfill Grout seal Grout seal
Drilling equipment 5T and 10T Track mounted rotary drilling rig 11T Track mounted rotary drilling rig
Pump Duty and standby vacuum pumps Portable grout pump (max pressure 60bar)
Screen length/type 2m long, slotted or resin-bonded filter sand –
Max injection rate – 5l/min
Max injection volume – 100l/port
Max injection pressure – 3bar
Table 2: Details of in-tunnel depressurisation and chemical grouting installations in PTE
4.4 Grouting
In addition to the chemical grouting injections, permeation and compensation grouting were successfully deployed across the Farringdon SCL works.
4.4.1 Permeation Grouting
Permeation grouting was successfully utilised for the safe excavation of the west escalator tunnel (ES1) to mitigate the risk of low cover to the permeable and variable Made Ground and River Terrace deposits, and the risk of migration of contaminated material from an uncharted buried oil tank. Two layers of 50mm diameter tube-a-manchettes (TAMs) were installed from within the escalator secant piled shaft through the unreinforced piles. The temporary works design criteria set a minimum unconfined compressive strength of the grouted ground of 300kPa and permeability less than 5 x 10-7m/s. The target volume criteria for the grout injections was 8,000 litres for a 30m3 treated block assuming 35% ground porosity and void filling degree of 75%. The assessment of the injection progress and monitoring results were presented and validated through the SRG/RES process (daily shift review group and required excavation and support meeting), and the subsequent SCL excavation works were successfully completed.
4.4.2 Compensation Grouting
More than 75% of the tunnels were covered by compensation grouting TAMs (Figure 5) for control and mitigation of ground settlement induced by tunnelling. The TAMs were up to 80m long and were installed from five temporary pre-cast concrete shafts.
Once the initial stage of calibration of grouting pressures and mix (pre-treatment) had been completed, the regular operation cycle entailed front injections (ahead of the SCL face) which aimed to pre-heave the ground, followed by rear injections (behind the SCL face) which aimed to compensate for any further settlement. A moving exclusion zone was prescribed ahead, behind and above the tunnel face to avoid adverse impact on the tunnel lining or face stability.
The actual displacements of the SCL tunnels were studied using 2D and 3D FE analyses (Gakis et al (2015b)) in order to derive the effective grouting pressures acting on the lining. The in-tunnel monitoring analysis implied an additional 2.5mm settlement of the tunnel crown point due to the compensation grouting action. The results of back-calculations showed that this additional displacement corresponded to a net grouting pressure of 200kPa (50kPa applied in 4 consecutive stages), which was far less than the grouting manifold pressures which were in the range of 1,000 to 2,000 kPa. It was additionally deduced that the effect of the front injections was to reduce the total surface settlement from 12mm (no grout) to 8mm. The remaining settlement was further reduced to almost zero with the application of the rear injections. These observations are potentially of great use for future projects, particularly when designing the tunnel linings for compensation grouting pressures or when defining the extent of exclusion zones.
Figure 5. Compensation grouting coverage at Farringdon station. The location of the grouting shafts as well as the extent of the TAMs are shown
4.5 Proximity of simultaneous SCL excavations
According to the standard Crossrail specifications, any SCL tunnels undergoing simultaneous excavation should maintain a minimum distance of 25m between closed rings. This restriction posed significant programme and logistics challenges for the Contractor due to the concurrent excavation of the Platform Tunnel East (PTE) and the adjacent concourse tunnel (CH2). Through a detailed examination of the predicted impacts using 3D FE models, it became possible to reduce this restriction to 15m without experiencing any notable interaction. As a result, the construction of the two adjacent tunnels continued unhindered and the measured deformations did not exceed any trigger levels.
4.6 Tunnel construction advance rates
As the first major SCL tunnelling project to be executed predominantly in the Lambeth Group formation, Farringdon provided useful precedence information with regards to speed of construction. The advance rates below are defined as equivalent ring metres per time unit, to take account of the excavation sequence and face sub-division of SCL tunnels.
Tunnel advance rate can be quantified either as length per time, or number of advances per time. When the excavation sequence is divided in top heading/bench/invert, as in most cases at Farringdon station, it is easier to average the advance rate in metres per day. As such, one metre per day advance rate implies an advance of an equivalent 1m long ring in one day.
The advance rate of a tunnel depends on numerous factors including but not limited to:
Size / geometry / thickness of the tunnel lining
Ground conditions / water pressures
Available tunnelling plant
Excavation and support sequence, including face sub-division
Concrete quality / strength
Experience of contractor/ tunnelling crews
Pre-support / mitigation measures
Unforeseen down time
Workforce productivity incentivisation
An analysis of the production rates at Farringdon station illustrated the benefit of the 'TBM first' approach:
Concourse tunnels CH1 and CH2, which were enlarged from an SCL pilot, were constructed at long average advance rates of 0.6 m/day (pilot 1.4m/day and enlargement 1.0m/day)
Platform tunnels PTW and PTE with a TBM pilot, were constructed 67% faster, with a long average of 1.0m/day, (TBM pilot 15m/day and SCL enlargements 1.1m/day) as shown in Figure 6, highlighting the benefits of the 'TBM first' approach, in line with the findings of St.John et al (2015) for the other BFK tunnels on C300/C410.
In the areas where the platform tunnels encountered sand lenses requiring significant mitigation measures, the advance rate of the SCL enlargements dropped locally to 0.5m/day.
Figure 6. Average advance rates in platform tunnels east (PTE) and west (PTW)
Unique innovative design methods were implemented in Farringdon Station by the integrated design and construction team in order to overcome uncertainties and risks related to SCL tunnelling in the unpredictable Lambeth Group units. The interfaces between SCL and TBM tunnelling contracts required optimal solutions to be delivered during the ongoing construction, challenging a number of precedents and established practices. This paper has summarised a number of Lessons Learned from the successful completion of the SCL tunnelling works, together with examples of good practice which will provide valuable information and new precedents for future tunnelling projects.
The authors would like to acknowledge the support of BFK Joint Venture, Crossrail and Dr. Sauer & Partners in the preparation of this paper.
[1] Aldiss, D T, Entwisle, D C, and Terrington, R L. (2009). A 3D geological model for the proposed Farringdon underground railway station, central London. British Geological Survey Commissioned Report, CR/09/014.
[2] Aldiss, D. T., Black, M. G., Entwisle, D. C., Page, D. P., & Terrington, R. L. (2012). Benefits of a 3D geological model for major tunnelling works: an example from Farringdon, east–central London, UK. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 45(4), 405-414.
[3] Gakis, A., Cabrero, P., Entwisle, D. and Kessler, H. (2015a). 3D geological model of the completed Farringdon underground railway station. Crossrail Project: Infrastructure design and construction. (pp. 431-446). ICE Publishing.
[4] Gakis, A., Grau, B., Schwind, T. (2015b). Tunnel Deformations caused by Compensation Grouting at Crossrail Farringdon Station. Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2016. San Francisco, USA.
[5] Gakis, A., Salak, P. (2016) Efficient Design of Openings in SCL Tunnels. Tunnels and Tunnelling International, October 2016, pp. 41-46.
[6] Gakis, A., Salak, P., St.John, A.. (2015c). Temporary Sprayed Concrete Lining Tunnels in Farringdon Crossrail Station. Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2015. Dubrovnik, Croatia.
[7] Gakis, A., Salak, P., St.John, A. (2015d). Innovative Geotechnical Risk Management for SCL tunnels. Proceedings of the ICE Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 168. pp 385-395. Thomas Telford, 2015.
[8] Salak, P., Gakis, A., St.John, A. (2015). A Comparison between Monitoring Solutions within SCL Tunnels at Crossrail Farringdon Station. Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2016. San Francisco, USA.
[9] St. John, A., Potts, V., Perkins, O. and Balogh, Z. (2015). Use of TBM pilot tunnels for large diameter SCL caverns: the benefits, challenges and successes of Crossrail contract C300/C410. Crossrail Project: Infrastructure design and construction (pp. 207-229). ICE Publishing.
[10] New Civil Engineer magazine (NCE) (2019). Crossrail | Huge cost hikes on stations and tunnels revealed. https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/crossrail-huge-cost-hikes-on-stations-and-tunnels-revealed-03-05-2019/
Angelos Gakis Dr. Dipl-Ing, MSc DIC, CEng MICE - Dr Sauer & Partners Ltd
Chief Geotechnical Engineer, Crossrail Farringdon Station
Petr Salak Eur Ing, MSc, CEng MICE - Dr Sauer & Partners Ltd
Design Manager, Dr. Sauer & Partners Ltd
Adrian St.John, BEng (Hons) Eur Ing FICE CEng - BAM Ferrovial Kier
Adrian St.John is a Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers and a Supervising Civil Engineer. He has spent most of his 24 year career working on major infrastructure and tunnelling projects in the UK and overseas, including the Brighton Stormwater tunnel and High Speed 1 at St Pancras. He spent 6 years as Chief Engineer for BFK Joint Venture who were the main contractor on Crossrail contracts C300, C410 and C435, and is the Design Director for Carillion Eiffage Kier (CEK) Joint Venture bidding for the forthcoming HS2 main civil works.


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Jie (Helen) Zhou
Jie (Helen) Zhou has been a TCSL (Teaching Chinese as a Second Language) teacher since her graduation from Henan University in 2010. Her first and perhaps the most formative experience teaching Chinese came immediately after graduation in Nakhon Ratchasima (Thailand), where she taught Chinese to more than 400 students in one of its public middle schools. It was here that Helen learned the value of engagement and active learning.
At the end of 2013, Helen came to Murfreesboro, Tennessee, where she started working for the Confucius Institute of Middle Tennessee State University (CIMTSU). Part of her job at CIMTSU is teaching Chinese language and culture to students at the Homer Pittard Campus School. Helen enjoys ongoing learning about teaching and is pleased to be able to teach Chinese using TPR and TPRS at the CALA Language Institute.
Read Testimonials from Helen's Chinese Classes
ALL CLASSES OPEN TO THE PUBLIC
Last Updated: Apr 5, 2022


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel=author href="mailto:masonf@chromium.org">
<link rel=help href="https://open-ui.org/components/popup.research.explainer">
<link rel=match href="popup-open-display-ref.tentative.html">

<popup>This is a popup</popup>

<style>
  popup {
    width: fit-content;
    height: fit-content;
    border: 1px solid;
    padding: 1em;
    background: white;
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<script>
  document.querySelector('popup').show();
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: jQuery load animation when you scroll down I would like to know how to load an animation when you scroll down on the page, I've seen it done on this website: http://spyproof.net/
I would show code samples, but I do not know where to begin with this!

A: Use animation library like wow.js

A: you can use css animation  animate.css it's free you can download and use it

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Remember that American Express charges a currency conversion fee of 2.99% for every purchase you make in a foreign currency.
If you withdraw cash abroad, there is also a cash fee of 3% of the withdrawal amount or £3 (whichever is greater) in addition to the non-sterling transaction fee.
With American Express Travel you can book your flights and accommodation and earn extra Membership Rewards points.
Certain Cards provide complimentary domestic and international travel protection, when you book and pay for your trip with an eligible American Express Card.
Comprehensive worldwide travel insurance benefits for you, your immediate family, your Supplementary Cardmembers and their immediate family, from the moment you book with your Card. Annual Fee £450. Terms apply.
Enjoy the peace of mind that comes with our Travel Inconvenience and Travel Accident protection benefit for you and your family: Protection for you, your Supplementary Cardmembers, their respective partners and dependent children under the age of 23 whether travelling together or alone, on business or pleasure trips. Travel Inconvenience protection covers flight cancellations, delays and delayed luggage when you pay with your Card. Travel Accident protection of up to £250,000 on public transport when you buy your ticket with your Card. Annual fee £140 (£0 in first year). Representative 57.6% APR variable. Terms apply.
Global Assist® provides help when you travel outside the UK, in your own language, 24/7 Travel Inconvenience insurance covering flight cancellations, delays and delayed baggage when flights are purchased on your Card Travel Accident Insurance up to £250,000 on public transport when you buy your ticket with your Card Automatic enrolment into the British Airways Executive Club including priority on standby waiting lists. Vital when you most need it. Representative 76.0% APR variable. Terms apply.
Now you can take one more thing on your travels; total piece of mind, with the security of booking through American Express Global Assist® provides help when you travel outside the UK, in your own language, 24/7 Travel inconvenience insurance covering flight cancellations, and delayed baggage when flights are purchased on your Card. Travel Accident cover up to £150,000 on public transport when you buy your ticket with your Card. Representative 39.7% APR Variable. Terms apply.
Enjoy your travels. We're there if you need us with Travel Inconvenience and baggage protection, so you're taken care of if your flight is delayed or the airline loses your bags. And Travel Accident protection cover up to £75,000, with emergency help 24/7 anywhere in the world if you need it. Annual Fee £60. Terms apply.
An added benefit of using an American Express Credit Card is that you can pay for your travel or holiday expenses how you choose, over several months or all at once. Remember if you do decide to spread the cost of your purchases you will be charged interest on your outstanding balance.
Many American Express Cards come with introductory Frequent Flyer or Membership Rewards points offers for new Cardmembers which can help you reach your destination faster.
There are also other travel benefits to consider like complimentary flights, travel insurance and lounge access, which can make your travel experience more enjoyable. Terms apply.
Even better, one of our Rewards Cards – The American Express® Preferred Rewards Gold Credit Card – allows you to earn double Membership Rewards points for spend made in a foreign currency.
No matter where you are in the world, we'll be here when you need us 24/7. It's extra peace of mind to know that help is just a phone call away. Call our Customer Service Centre on  0800 917 8050 or +44 1273 696 933 from anywhere in the world.
If your Credit Card is lost or stolen, we'll make it easy for you to report on your Account using your Online Services Account – and get it replaced as soon as possible.
Ordering a replacement Card using your Online Services Account is quick and secure to complete.
A foreign transaction fee is a percentage of the Pound value of foreign currency transactions, so remember to factor these fees into your budget. American Express charges a currency conversion fee of 2.99% of the converted value of the transaction for each foreign currency purchase you make.
If you use your Card to withdraw cash abroad a cash fee of 3% of the withdrawal amount or £3 (whichever is greater) will be payable in addition to the non-sterling transaction fee. You may need to enrol in order to withdraw cash and we may apply restrictions on the amount or the frequency in which you use the cash advance facility.


Up, and at the office all the morning. At noon home to dinner with my people, and afternoon to the office again, and then to my chamber with Gibson to do more about my great answer for the Duke of York, and so at night after supper to bed well pleased with my advance thereon. This day my Lord Anglesey was at the Office, and do seem to make nothing of this business of his suspension, resolving to bring it into the Council, where he seems not to doubt to have right, he standing upon his defence and patent, and hath put in his caveats to the several Offices: so, as soon as the King comes back again, which will be on Tuesday next, he will bring it into the Council. So ends this month with some quiet to my mind, though not perfect, after the greatest falling out with my poor wife, and through my folly with the girl, that ever I had, and I have reason to be sorry and ashamed of it, and more to be troubled for the poor girl's sake, whom I fear I shall by this means prove the ruin of, though I shall think myself concerned both to love and be a friend to her. This day Roger Pepys and his son Talbot, newly come to town, come and dined with me, and mighty glad I am to see them.
"Your Grace...What an honor for you to come to us here at the office..."
"Right..." closes closet door, pulls out Great Reply. "Pepys, about this reply of yours..."
Ooops...Never should have had Gibson do both letters.
"Pepys? I don't know what to say...None under me...Except perhaps in heat of battle...Has ever addressed such tender devotion and care to me..."
"I can only say it's truly from the heart, your Grace." brightly.
"This day my Lord Anglesey was at the Office, and do seem to make nothing of this business of his suspension, resolving to bring it into the Council, where he seems not to doubt to have right, he standing upon his defence and patent, and hath put in his caveats to the several Offices: so, as soon as the King comes back again, which will be on Tuesday next, he will bring it into the Council."
Of course if everyone on the Council has also received a rather large token of your esteem...Luck may not be necessary.
The present post will carry to Lord Ossory the news of the suspension of Lord Anglesey "from the execution of his place of Treasurer of the Navy, and of the giving it to Sir Thomas Littleton, & Sir Thomas Osborne".
Lords Orrery and Berkeley are desirous to prevail on the King to keep the Duke of Ormond in England, and to appoint Lords Justices for Ireland; a proposition which the Duke dislikes. There has been much talk of the thing, and it may take effect; but, as yet, no resolution has been arrived at.
Would anyone care to elucidate? I assume "the writer" is Ormond and he is referring to the plot to deny him power in Ireland ("his place") and hopes the King will consider the proposal a slight to himself, Ormond, and will therefore avoid it.
Like empty shaddowes, did afflict my brayne."
NB: The attacks on Ormond and Anglesey are attacks on the Duke of York.


Students and scholars explore explore the making of social difference (i.e. race, ethnicity, nationhood) as a byproduct of a communities investment in texts.
Dr. Newton's students peer at current events through the lenses of social theory and social- scientific methods.
An examination of the aesthetics of religion studied from various perspectives.
A show-and-tell of effective digital pedagogues from around the internet.
Quick, easy-to-use lessons to get your classroom going.
What happens when someone checks their own privilege or somebody else's?
A look at how diction, scripts, and names define our reality…and the bodies within it.
Reexamining the study of religion with insights from a galaxy far, far away.
Read more Star Wars–Nuff Said?
In the criminal justice system, the people are represented in discourses. These are their stories.
Scholarship from the students in Dr. Newton's Religion 101 course.
Dr. Newton's students examine the evergreen making of Christian scriptures.
Dr. Newton's students take a look through America's fascination with race and "the good book," –politics, passions, and promise.
Dr. Newton's students deconstruct our most intricate and imbricated social constructions.
Examining the matter of black life at Elizabethtown College and beyond.


Comprehensive training is 2 full days (16 hours) at ASD, a Malvern Panalytical brand.
Price includes group use of an ASD demo spectrometer, but attendees are encouraged to bring their own instrument if desired. If the offered dates, or group format do not fit into your schedule, please contact your ASD sales representative to schedule a custom training that works for you.


When will I get my SensiBox?
A SensiBox Subscription that is placed on or after the 10th of each month will be shipped the following month between the 10-12th and renewed on the 20th of that following month.
You place your initial SensiBox Order on November 10th. Your order will ship between December 10-12th and your subscription will renew on December 20th for the following month.
You place your initial SensiBox Order on November 8th. Your order will go ship between November 10-12th. Your renewal date will be on November 20th and for the following month.
If you are sending a gift that won't ship on time, let us know and we can send out a card stating that they will be receiving a SensiBox and the date to expect it.
If you have any other questions, please feel free to send us an email.


The realization of ubiquitous networks brings new challenges to application development. In this kind of network, services and, more specifically web services, have been used to provide the functionality required by its users and applications. In such environments features like automatic service discovery and composition are of need. This paper reports the ongoing work towards an approach for dynamic service discovery and composition. This approach is based on modeling services as independent of concrete implementations. This abstraction allows applications and users to subscribe to a desired functionality and later, the supporting platform discovers the service or a composition of services to provide that functionality.


text:
Dr. Cubert Smith to Present "African American Life: A Personal Perspective" on Thursday, June 30, in the Archives and History Library
CHARLESTON, W.Va. – Dr. Cubert Smith will present "African American Life: A Personal Perspective" in the Archives and History Library at the Culture Center, State Capitol Complex in Charleston, on Thursday, June 30. The program, which is the second of the 2016 The Block Speakers Series, begins at 6 p.m. and is free and open to the public.
Smith is an artist who grew up in St. Albans and taught in Kanawha County schools and at West Virginia State University. During Charleston Mayor Kemp Melton's administration, he served as director of Charleston-Korolev Sister City Program, a cultural exchange initiative with Korolev, Russia.
His public sculptures can be found around the Kanawha Valley, including at the South Charleston Mound, Charleston's Haddad Riverfront Park, Yeager Airport and West Virginia State University. He also created the bronze plaques on the doors of St. Paul Baptist Church in St. Albans.
One of his sculptures was selected to represent the United States in the 2nd Black World Arts Festival held in Nigeria. In 1984, Gov. John D. Rockefeller IV selected him as West Virginia's nominee to attend the American Academy in Rome. Gov. Rockefeller also recognized Smith as an Outstanding West Virginian, and Secretary of State A. James Manchin named him an Ambassador for the Arts for the State of West Virginia.
Smith is a graduate of Garnet High School. He received a bachelor's degree from West Virginia State University and holds a master's degree from Marshall University and from the University of Guanajuato in Mexico. He received his doctoral degree from Union Graduate College in Yellow Springs, Ohio.
Smith lives in Charleston with his wife and daughter and is serving his third term on the Charleston City Council.
"The Block" was once considered the heart of Charleston's black community. It comprised a 25-acre area bounded by Washington Street East, Capitol Street, Smith Street and Sentz Court.
For additional information about the Archives and History lecture series, contact the Archives and History Library at (304) 558-0230.
Patrons may park behind the Culture Center after 5:30 p.m. on June 30 and enter the building at the back loading dock area. The new bus turnaround is open, and handicapped spots are available there. Visitors parking there should enter at the front of the building.
The West Virginia Division of Culture and History is an agency within the West Virginia Department of Education and the Arts with Kay Goodwin, Cabinet Secretary. The division, led by Commissioner Randall Reid-Smith, brings together the past, present and future through programs and services focusing on archives and history, arts, historic preservation and museums. For more information about the division's programs, events and sites, visit www.wvculture.org. The Division of Culture and History is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.


Kiwifruit is loaded with flavonoid antioxidants and enzymes. It contains vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, choline, potassium, phosphorus, iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and so on. The black seeds in the fruit are packed with omega 3 fatty acid.
Apart from consuming this delicious fruit, you can also apply it on your skin to derive its beauty benefits like getting rid of excess oil, tightening large skin pores, fading dark spots, brightening dull skin, reducing wrinkles, etc. It helps slow down the effects of aging.
The simplest way to incorporate kiwi in your beauty regime is to peel the skin of a couple of kiwis, chop the fruit into small pieces, and mash it or blend it in a blender.
Apply this paste on face and neck, and rinse it off after 10-15 minutes to nourish your skin and remove the impurities.
• Kiwifruit can be used on dry skin by applying a combination of an egg yolk, and one tablespoon each of kiwi juice and extra-virgin olive oil. Leave the mask on your skin for about 15 minutes and then remove it.
In case you have oily skin then apply a blended mixture of kiwi fruit, plain yogurt, skim milk, organic honey, ground oatmeal, and a drop of lavender and sandalwood, grapefruit, geranium, and tea tree oil.
• Put one kiwifruit, half a banana, and two tablespoons of plain yogurt in an electric blender or food processor and turn it on.
Use the resultant smooth paste on your skin for about 15-20 minutes and then, wash it off with warm water, followed by a toner and moisturizer.
Regular application of this homemade beauty recipe helps maintain soft, smooth skin, cure blemishes, and prevents wrinkles.
Here's a video showing how to make a skin brightening face mask with kiwifruit.
• Prepare a face mask by blending a cup of boiled carrots, one kiwi, two tablespoons of plain yogurt, and tablespoon each of sweet almond oil and lemon juice. This skin-care recipe is suitable for all skin types.
• Make a natural toner for skin by pouring a cup of hot water over mashed kiwifruit in a bowl. When the solution cools, strain the fluid and discard the pulp.
Finally, add a tablespoon of vodka in it and mix thoroughly. You can store this homemade skin toner in the refrigerator up to 10 days.
• You can also make a refreshing and exfoliating recipe at home by blending together one kiwifruit, five strawberries, and half a cucumber. If the resultant mixture becomes watery, you may add a teaspoon of oatmeal in it.
• Another beauty recipe to exfoliate your skin involves a mixture of mashed kiwifruit, half a cup of sea salt, two tablespoons each of chopped mint leaves, almond oil, and one-eighth teaspoon of grapefruit seed extract. If you have sensitive skin, then replace the sea salt with sugar granules.
• To make a homemade facial cleanser, blend a kiwi in a blender to get a liquid puree of the fruit. Next, mix two tablespoons of plain yogurt, one tablespoon each of almond oil, honey, orange water, a teaspoon of finely ground almonds, and two drops of orange essential oil. Massage this cleanser gently on your face and neck to rejuvenate your skin and get rid of acne.
• When dealing with problems such as eczema, psoriasis, dry, cracked skin, etc., you can apply kiwi seed oil. This moisturizing oil works as a natural emollient and helps restore skin's elasticity.
Regular intake kiwifruit is good for cardiovascular health, protects against age-related macular degeneration, and prevents coughing and wheezing, particularly in children. Plus, being rich in dietary fiber, it works a bulk laxative and helps control blood sugar levels.
Thanks for sharing. Homemade facial masks provide essential nutrients to dull, lifeless, and aging skin by using ingredients easily available at home.


I am the person who provide technical services to water agencies in the state of California, from very small agencies, such as Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency or the Russian River Flood Control District, to very large, such as the Department of Water Resources or the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. I am the bridge that integrates hydrology, infrastructure management, economic development, environmental protection, and social benefits on activities related to water use. I am the person who puts together the puzzle—meaning, I integrate all the information to develop water plans, economic analyses, water use policies and their impact on water users and the environment. I like to interact with other UC ANR personnel, students, water agencies, politicians, technicians, growers, and environmentalists.
I worked in a project to estimate water savings in Pajaro Valley, a region located in Monterey County. During a meeting with the water advisory committee of this region, I presented my analysis of potential water savings and they accepted it as part of their Basin Management Plan at a public meeting. This was one of my happiest days working at ANR. This was the first time that something that I had developed was adopted for implementation at this large a scale (28,000 acres). This estimation brought together all the community into one group, to conserve water in their basin.
There is no typical day or year. Given the variability of water within and between years, there is always something interesting and fun to work on. This year is all about drought and actions to mitigate the damages of this condition.
ANR provided the perfect balance between being a practitioner on water resources management, being a professor at UC Davis, and interacting with other colleagues. I didn't realize water management in California was so complex until I arrived here. This is very appealing, and it keeps me good and busy, and always learning.


text:
Bamberger is a Bavarian and Southern German toponymic surname, and it indicates someone from Bamberg in Bavaria. Notable people with the surname include:

 Ana Maria Bamberger (born 1966), Romanian physician and playwright
 Ármin Vámbéry (born Bamberger) (1832–1913), Hungarian orientalist
 Bernard Jacob Bamberger (1904-1980), American rabbi and Biblical scholar
 Cyril Stanley Bamberger (1919–2008), Battle of Britain pilot
 Eugen Bamberger (1857–1932), German chemist
 Florence E. Bamberger (1882–1965), American pedagogue
 Fritz Bamberger (painter) (1814–1873), German painter
 Fritz Bamberger (scholar) (1902–1984), German Jewish scholar
 Heinrich von Bamberger, Austrian physician
 George Bamberger (1923–2004), American baseball player
 Jakob Bamberger (1913–1989), German boxer and Porajmos survivor
 Lesley Bamberger (born 1965/1966), Dutch billionaire, owner of Kroonenberg Groep
 Louis Bamberger (1855-1944), founder of the Institute for Advanced Study
 Bamberger's, retail store that he founded
 Ludwig Bamberger (1823–1899), German deputy, political economist and founder of Deutsche Bank
 Michael Bamberger (born 1960), writer
 Seligman Baer Bamberger (1807–1878), German rabbi, author and educator
 Simon Bamberger (1846–1926), U.S. politician, governor of Utah (1917–1921)

Bamberger may also refer to a citizen of the German city of Bamberg or to organisations connected with that city:

 Bamberg Symphony Orchestra (Bamberger Symphoniker)

See also
 Bamberg (disambiguation)
 Bambrzy

German-language surnames
de:Bamberger

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Alert boxes

Alert boxes displays important content by expressive way.

Code example

Markdown

::: info
**Message title!** {.title}
Sample message contents.
:::

Information box

Message title!

Sample message contents.

Code example

Markdown

::: success
**Message title!** {.title}
Sample message contents.
:::

Success box

Message title!

Sample message contents.

Code example

Markdown

::: warning
**Message title!** {.title}
Sample message contents.
:::

Warning box

Message title!

Sample message contents.

Code example

Markdown

::: alert
**Message title!** {.title}
Sample message contents.
:::

Alert box

Message title!

Sample message contents.


TwoDots is a fun new puzzle game that has been trending on the Android market. It's currently in the 2nd place spot for top free games on the Google play store and is quickly growing in downloads with a huge fan-base already of over 1 million players in over 70 different countries around the globe.
You could say that TwoDots is the predecessor to Dots: A Game About Connecting, an even more popular game by the same developers Playdots, but a somewhat older game that was last updated in May of 2014. Those two games are the only ones that were released into the Android market, but they have given the company a Top Developer status on the store.
This puzzle app has a 4.1 rating from around 65,000 players who decided to leave a rating. Of those people, many of them decided to leave reviews to help other gamers like yourself decide if this is a game you'd like to play. It also helps reveal any bugs or issues that might make the app currently unplayable and will save you the time downloading and installing it.
Flow Free is another puzzle game available for Android and Windows PC.
Sorting the reviews for Two Dots by the most recent will reveal that there are still mixed feelings about this free app. There were a wide-variety of feelings that ranged from just 1 and 2 stars to multiple 4 and 5 star reviews.
Those who felt badly about this app said that it's a fun game to play, but it's not very fair. He thinks that the devs created the game in a way that slowly pulls money from your pockets if you enjoy playing it and want to progress to higher levels. We personally disagree and feel like because the game is free to download and play, the owners of the app should have a proper strategy for funding it, and if that includes trying to convince users to purchase items in game, then more power to them!


text:
// Code generated by client-gen. DO NOT EDIT.

package v1

import (
	"context"
	"time"

	v1 "github.com/apache/camel-k/pkg/apis/camel/v1"
	scheme "github.com/apache/camel-k/pkg/client/camel/clientset/versioned/scheme"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	types "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
	watch "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
	rest "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
)

// IntegrationPlatformsGetter has a method to return a IntegrationPlatformInterface.
// A group's client should implement this interface.
type IntegrationPlatformsGetter interface {
	IntegrationPlatforms(namespace string) IntegrationPlatformInterface
}

// IntegrationPlatformInterface has methods to work with IntegrationPlatform resources.
type IntegrationPlatformInterface interface {
	Create(ctx context.Context, integrationPlatform *v1.IntegrationPlatform, opts metav1.CreateOptions) (*v1.IntegrationPlatform, error)
	Update(ctx context.Context, integrationPlatform *v1.IntegrationPlatform, opts metav1.UpdateOptions) (*v1.IntegrationPlatform, error)
	UpdateStatus(ctx context.Context, integrationPlatform *v1.IntegrationPlatform, opts metav1.UpdateOptions) (*v1.IntegrationPlatform, error)
	Delete(ctx context.Context, name string, opts metav1.DeleteOptions) error
	DeleteCollection(ctx context.Context, opts metav1.DeleteOptions, listOpts metav1.ListOptions) error
	Get(ctx context.Context, name string, opts metav1.GetOptions) (*v1.IntegrationPlatform, error)
	List(ctx context.Context, opts metav1.ListOptions) (*v1.IntegrationPlatformList, error)
	Watch(ctx context.Context, opts metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error)
	Patch(ctx context.Context, name string, pt types.PatchType, data []byte, opts metav1.PatchOptions, subresources ...string) (result *v1.IntegrationPlatform, err error)
	IntegrationPlatformExpansion
}

// integrationPlatforms implements IntegrationPlatformInterface
type integrationPlatforms struct {
	client rest.Interface
	ns     string
}

// newIntegrationPlatforms returns a IntegrationPlatforms
func newIntegrationPlatforms(c *CamelV1Client, namespace string) *integrationPlatforms {
	return &integrationPlatforms{
		client: c.RESTClient(),
		ns:     namespace,
	}
}

// Get takes name of the integrationPlatform, and returns the corresponding integrationPlatform object, and an error if there is any.
func (c *integrationPlatforms) Get(ctx context.Context, name string, options metav1.GetOptions) (result *v1.IntegrationPlatform, err error) {
	result = &v1.IntegrationPlatform{}
	err = c.client.Get().
		Namespace(c.ns).
		Resource("integrationplatforms").
		Name(name).
		VersionedParams(&options, scheme.ParameterCodec).
		Do(ctx).
		Into(result)
	return
}

// List takes label and field selectors, and returns the list of IntegrationPlatforms that match those selectors.
func (c *integrationPlatforms) List(ctx context.Context, opts metav1.ListOptions) (result *v1.IntegrationPlatformList, err error) {
	var timeout time.Duration
	if opts.TimeoutSeconds != nil {
		timeout = time.Duration(*opts.TimeoutSeconds) * time.Second
	}
	result = &v1.IntegrationPlatformList{}
	err = c.client.Get().
		Namespace(c.ns).
		Resource("integrationplatforms").
		VersionedParams(&opts, scheme.ParameterCodec).
		Timeout(timeout).
		Do(ctx).
		Into(result)
	return
}

// Watch returns a watch.Interface that watches the requested integrationPlatforms.
func (c *integrationPlatforms) Watch(ctx context.Context, opts metav1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
	var timeout time.Duration
	if opts.TimeoutSeconds != nil {
		timeout = time.Duration(*opts.TimeoutSeconds) * time.Second
	}
	opts.Watch = true
	return c.client.Get().
		Namespace(c.ns).
		Resource("integrationplatforms").
		VersionedParams(&opts, scheme.ParameterCodec).
		Timeout(timeout).
		Watch(ctx)
}

// Create takes the representation of a integrationPlatform and creates it.  Returns the server's representation of the integrationPlatform, and an error, if there is any.
func (c *integrationPlatforms) Create(ctx context.Context, integrationPlatform *v1.IntegrationPlatform, opts metav1.CreateOptions) (result *v1.IntegrationPlatform, err error) {
	result = &v1.IntegrationPlatform{}
	err = c.client.Post().
		Namespace(c.ns).
		Resource("integrationplatforms").
		VersionedParams(&opts, scheme.ParameterCodec).
		Body(integrationPlatform).
		Do(ctx).
		Into(result)
	return
}

// Update takes the representation of a integrationPlatform and updates it. Returns the server's representation of the integrationPlatform, and an error, if there is any.
func (c *integrationPlatforms) Update(ctx context.Context, integrationPlatform *v1.IntegrationPlatform, opts metav1.UpdateOptions) (result *v1.IntegrationPlatform, err error) {
	result = &v1.IntegrationPlatform{}
	err = c.client.Put().
		Namespace(c.ns).
		Resource("integrationplatforms").
		Name(integrationPlatform.Name).
		VersionedParams(&opts, scheme.ParameterCodec).
		Body(integrationPlatform).
		Do(ctx).
		Into(result)
	return
}

// UpdateStatus was generated because the type contains a Status member.
// Add a +genclient:noStatus comment above the type to avoid generating UpdateStatus().
func (c *integrationPlatforms) UpdateStatus(ctx context.Context, integrationPlatform *v1.IntegrationPlatform, opts metav1.UpdateOptions) (result *v1.IntegrationPlatform, err error) {
	result = &v1.IntegrationPlatform{}
	err = c.client.Put().
		Namespace(c.ns).
		Resource("integrationplatforms").
		Name(integrationPlatform.Name).
		SubResource("status").
		VersionedParams(&opts, scheme.ParameterCodec).
		Body(integrationPlatform).
		Do(ctx).
		Into(result)
	return
}

// Delete takes name of the integrationPlatform and deletes it. Returns an error if one occurs.
func (c *integrationPlatforms) Delete(ctx context.Context, name string, opts metav1.DeleteOptions) error {
	return c.client.Delete().
		Namespace(c.ns).
		Resource("integrationplatforms").
		Name(name).
		Body(&opts).
		Do(ctx).
		Error()
}

// DeleteCollection deletes a collection of objects.
func (c *integrationPlatforms) DeleteCollection(ctx context.Context, opts metav1.DeleteOptions, listOpts metav1.ListOptions) error {
	var timeout time.Duration
	if listOpts.TimeoutSeconds != nil {
		timeout = time.Duration(*listOpts.TimeoutSeconds) * time.Second
	}
	return c.client.Delete().
		Namespace(c.ns).
		Resource("integrationplatforms").
		VersionedParams(&listOpts, scheme.ParameterCodec).
		Timeout(timeout).
		Body(&opts).
		Do(ctx).
		Error()
}

// Patch applies the patch and returns the patched integrationPlatform.
func (c *integrationPlatforms) Patch(ctx context.Context, name string, pt types.PatchType, data []byte, opts metav1.PatchOptions, subresources ...string) (result *v1.IntegrationPlatform, err error) {
	result = &v1.IntegrationPlatform{}
	err = c.client.Patch(pt).
		Namespace(c.ns).
		Resource("integrationplatforms").
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Manix 2 Lockback C101MBGP2 — Native 5.2 Grand Daddy !
Can you imagine better bargain for an all made American knife of high performance ?
The operation of the lock goes deep in the notch while unlocking.
And the G10 is factory smoothed (I have used 800 grid to get it even smoother later) and the action is perfect. Lockback lovers can only fall deeply in love with this one.
The pivot screws are huge even compare hardchore folders like the Yojimbo2 and it is only a part of the enhanced strength of this version as also the blade is a little thicker than normal Manix 2 version.
against the usual Manix thickness of 0.125″ (3.2 mm) !!
Half a millimeter in black thickness is a simple way to have a stronger blade.
G10 is extraordinarily strong and with such thick scales this version of the Manix do not need any steel liners which can rust or get dirty too easily, especially if they are skeletonized !! So this thick G10 use is a great plus in my book: the Manix 2 Lockback is easy to clean and easy to check for grim … It's a plus for hunters which use their knives in the fiels were hair and blood can get inside the handle. I should also mention than this one, like all my Native 5 got ZERO vertical play and his so smooth it is fun to flick open.
Also don't forget you can make stealth fixed blade (even Fred Perrin made Balisong's blade and handles) only with G10: this is a real solid material.
Here the blade is made of S30V. Spyderco knows how to heat treat than steel so this is a no brainer.
The plain stell back space and thick G10 slabs of the handle are just wonderful to avoid blisters. This is where you recognized a tool you can use hard without hand sore.
The balance of the knife is also improved with this full G10 construction, the sweet point is just under the second horn of the handle not the one of the choil, the other further back.
Well it is a lightweight linerless handle construction, fine-textured G10 scales and a stainless steel backspacer ! There is no lateral movement. You know my favorite expression "built like a tank"… so here we go !
As you can see, as much as I love the Shaman design, this Manix 2 is the true daddy of the linerless G10 version of the Native. Again a very solid and light EDC.
In both the ergonomy is at its zenith: large choil, no jimping madness the handle spouses your palm.
Both are made in Golden, Colorado, a plant with now very high tolerance and excellent quality control: the blade is perfectly centered.
Posted on 31/10/2018 31/10/2018 Author nemosandmanCategories Folders, ReviewTags EDC, Eric Glesser, Hunter, Lockback, manix, Native, OutdoorsLeave a comment on Manix 2 Lockback C101MBGP2 — Native 5.2 Grand Daddy !
Native 110V Sprint run used as skinner.
It's in Italian as it was filmed in Tuscany after the hunting linked here.
But I think you will enjoy to see how the Native 5 S110V blade goes well on skinner hares job.
The walker is here. And Valter review of it is here.
FYI hare hunting is a traditional hunt for the poormen to put meat on the table.
Posted on 11/11/2017 11/11/2017 Author nemosandmanCategories ReviewTags CPM110V, Hare, Native, Skinning, Spyderco, Tuscany, Valter Nencetti, Video3 Comments on Native 110V Sprint run used as skinner.


An incredible opportunity to purchase a very well established business of over 12 years with the same owner.
Specialising in the sale of antique European and American furniture of the 18th 19th and up to early 20th century, as well as Clocks and Decorative Arts. The main gallery is in an idyllic setting in Santander, Spain, located ideal location, 2 hours from France and a ferry ride to southern UK. The business exports to the entire world, through reliable and time-tested transporters; packaging is done in house.
The owners of 12 years are now wishing to retire and a full handover and training will be given.
There is scope to increase the business by introducing new lines of antiques, and this is an ideal acquisition opportunity for a current antique dealer or for someone with some knowledge who wants to learn the higher end of the business and add products.
There is lots of private open parking for clients as well as area for trailer trucks(containers) to back-up and unload through a large metal door.
Polished concrete floor for easy movement of furniture, most of it covered with oriental rugs.
The sale includes 80,000E worth of specialist machinery.
The port city of Santander is the capital of the autonomous community and historical region of Cantabria situated on the north coast of Spain. Located east of Gijón and west of Bilbao, the city has a population of 178,465 (2013). Santander which housed the headquarters of multinational bank Banco Santander, and is the location of the founding of the namesake company. It's now based in Madrid will now be converted into a huge museum (€70 million bank donation). Santander is becoming a art center city with the new Botin Museum and now Santander Museum. It will house the entire bank art collection.


This series of infographics can help address common questions about CTE data.
Explains how TOP codes are assigned and common problems in using TOP codes to view program outcomes.
Explains what you need to consider, related to students, funding, college planning, and accountability reporting, when you change codes such as TOP, SAM, and CIP.
Explains who skills-builders are, how skills-builders are identified, what we know about them, and why it's important to examine skills-builder outcomes.
What Types of CTE Data Are Available?
What Are the Data Sources in the LaunchBoard?
Outlines how the LaunchBoard metrics are populated.
How Do the Perkins Core Indicator Reports Compare to the LaunchBoard?
Explains the distinctions between the two reporting systems.
Details strategies that can help ensure that more students respond to the CTE Outcomes Survey, which provides detailed information on students' employment status and satisfaction with their educational experience.
Can be used to alert students to the value of participating in the CTE Outcomes Survey, as well as highlight employment outcomes for former students.
Can be used to alert colleges to the value of participating in the CTE Outcomes Survey, including the types of data that the survey provides.
Describes the various Key Talent roles and how they can support colleges in filling out the Strong Workforce Program funding templates.


Our 2018-2019 School Year Application Lottery deadline is March 14th!
We are glad that you are interested in enrolling your child at St. Paul City School. To start the enrollment process please fill out the interest form below and a school representative will contact you with further information. This is NOT a registration form and does NOT guarantee your student a seat at St. Paul City School.
Below is a list of documents that we require every student to have BEFORE the first day of school; failure to do so may result in losing their seat.
We will also have to request records from the previous school(s) attended. If your child is enrolling for Pre-K or Kindergarten, we will request Early Childhood Screening results. All children entering Kindergarten in Minnesota must be five-years-old before September 1st and are required to participate in Kindergarten screening before starting school.


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"Marky" — the newest Mark III SkyTrain is here!
One of the new SkyTrain cars unloaded from the flatbed truck.
After an epic, week-long journey across Canada, Marky — the newest Mark III SkyTrain — is now here! Marky arrived the evening of Sept. 12 and was unloaded the next morning on Sept. 13. Check out the time lapse above, and the photos below!
The first car loaded onto the flatbed truck in Kingston, ON
The next car loaded onto a flatbed truck in Kingston, ON
Another car loaded onto a flatbed truck in Kingston, ON
Marky all loaded up on flatbed trucks in Kingston, ON
Marky leaving Kingston, ON
Marky arriving outside SkyTrain's OMC2 the evening of Sept. 12.
Marky waiting to be unloaded.
Marky's off the flatbed truck
Marky unloaded onto the tracks of OMC2
All four new SkyTrain cars inside OMC2
The four cars are now connected as one train and will be undergoing additional testing before they enter service.
Think of the trains as pilots. They have to complete a certain amount of hours in a variety of different service situations and testing scenarios before they are given the green light to be used in service. We do this testing to ensure that the new trains are safe for all passengers and staff.
The third and final phase of testing allows SkyTrain customers to ride the Mark IIIs just before they are officially put into regular service.
Awesome looking Bombardier #INNOVIA Metro 300 (ICTS/ALRT Mk. III) set for @TransLink ripping around the Test Track in Millhaven on a Friday Night. pic.twitter.com/wTdjECizxG
— Canardiain (@Canardiain) August 18, 2018
Marky's the first four of 56 cars (no. 429, 430, 431 and 432) for the Expo and Millennium Lines, built by Bombardier Transportation, to arrive. Twenty-four additional cars will arrive early next year and another 28 by the end of the same year, for a total of 56 cars for the Expo and Millennium Lines.
This is all part of the 10-Year Vision – Phase One! We're adding 80 new SkyTrain cars on the Expo, Millennium, and Canada Lines to increase service and reduce overcrowding.
Author: Allen Tung
10-Year Vision SkyTrain
By Chad Moore, September 16, 2018 @ 1:18 pm
Question, will sky train systems be running later into the early morning from downtown Vancouver??? (2am – 4:30am) on weekends and Sundays??
Also, less wait time at each stop would be great..
By Allen Tung, September 19, 2018 @ 9:38 am
Hi Chad, this is something we're looking at right now, so stay tuned. As for dwell times at stations, we welcome your feedback at https://mfb.translink.ca. Sometimes trains do stay at the stations a little bit longer than usual to ensure all the trains are evenly spaced out throughout the system. Thanks!
By Mike, September 19, 2018 @ 6:08 pm
What's the difference between the Mark III's already in service and this one?
By Lisa Yeoman, September 20, 2018 @ 10:25 pm
Just wondering when these will go into service on the millennium and expo lines ?
Hi Lisa, they're undergoing testing right now and is expected to enter service this winter.


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Home » CONTROLRadioUK Article , CONTROLRadioUK Artists , Music News » Subztain Release New Single "Brothers"
Swedish heavy hitting hard-rockers Subztain are proud to unveil their latest track "Brothers". Having cemented their place as rising talent, Subztain have signed with a Warner and Universal associated boutique label PRFKT Rights in Sweden.
'Brothers' originally featured on the bands 2016 self-released album 'Brothers By Choice Not By Blood', and has been re-recorded as the flagship statement to launch the band on this new phase of their journey.
The message and meaning behind 'Brothers' is the core heart of the band, passion and brotherhood being the central theme. Subztain write music based on life experiences and wider issues that affect us all. The music is a direct reflection of the band members and their personalities, in 'Brothers' we see a declaration of doing life together through the good times and the bad.


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Artcile 67
You are here » Home » Media » News » News Archive - Pre-2011 » July 2007 » Article 72
Norwich Union World Trials & UK Championships
A thrilling victory by Marlon Devonish, a splendid double from Jessica Ennis and World Championships B qualifying guideline marks by Dale Garland, Steve Lewis and Katrina Wootton were the highlights of the second day's action at the Norwich Union World Trials and UK Championships at the Manchester Regional Arena on Saturday.
Perhaps the most eagerly-anticipated event of the day was the men's 100m. Marlon Devonish (Coventry Godiva) took the gold after a race-long duel with Craig Pickering (Marshall Milton Keynes). Devonish clocked 10.31 (-2.0m/s) in chilly conditions, with Pickering just 0.01 behind.
Mark Lewis-Francis (Birchfield Harriers) burst through to take bronze in 10.39 ahead of Jason Gardener (Wessex & Bath) and Tyrone Edgar (Woodford Green & Essex Ladies).
Afterwards, Devonish said: "It was all about positions today. The times were silly, but that was the wind. I defended my title so I am extremely happy with that." Pickering commented: "I'm really happy to be in the top two. If I don't go now (to Osaka) I'll be really disappointed after that."
Jessica Ennis (City of Sheffield) season continues to gather momentum. The 21-year-old heptathlete recorded a superb 100m hurdles/high jump double.
She won the 100m hurdles in 13.25 (-2.7m/s) from Sarah Claxton (Woodford Green & Essex Ladies) and Gemma Bennett (Shaftesbury Barnet), before going on to win the high jump with 1.87m from Kelly Sotherton (Birchfield Harriers) and Stephanie Pywell (Sale Harriers Manchester), who both recorded bests of 1.80m.
Afterwards, she said: "Everything is going well and – for the World Championships, it will be about a PB. It will be a very tough competition but if that happens who knows?"
A brilliant PB from Steve Lewis (Newham & Essex) grabbed him gold in the men's pole vault. His second-attempt clearance of 5.61m was also a new stadium record and most important of all, 1cm above the B standard for IAAF World Championships.
Afterwards, he said: "That was a fantastic day at the office, it felt really good. I concentrated on making less jumps but more quality and trying not to waste jumps. The wind was a bit blustery but I had good support off the rest of the guys at Loughborough and that gave me a good result.
"For the first time this season I am really happy with the way I have jumped, which I don't get to say very often. I knew I had a big jump in me. Hopefully I'll get selection for the World Championships, you never know.
On collecting his bottle of Heidsieck & Co Monopole, given to every winner, he said: "My plan was to spray my bottle of champagne all over Jonathan Edwards as we were chatting in the in-field. But I thought I'd better not. I'll save it for my friend's wedding and celebrate then."
In a remarkable men's 400m hurdles final, the first five athletes all set brand new PBs. For winner Dale Garland (Channel Islands), the timing could not have been better as he clocked 49.79, just 0.01 inside the B standard for the IAAF World Championships.
Silver and bronze went to Steve Green (Newham & Essex) and Francis Smith (Pitreavie) who clocked 50.17 and 51.02.
Katrina Wootton (Bedford & County) produced a timely PB of 4:09.56 to win the 1500m to go just 0.43 inside the World Championships B standard. Silver went to Charlene Thomas (Wakefield Harriers) who bravely stretched the field out by leading from the front, before being foiled by Wootton in the final 100m.
Bronze went to European U20 silver medallist Stephanie Twell (Aldershot, Farnham & District).
There was a dramatic climax to the men's long jump, where Chris Tomlinson (Newham & Essex) won with a final round leap of 7.99m (0.0m/s). Nathan Morgan (Birchfield Harriers) led from the first round until Tomlinson's excellent closing effort, but was forced to settle for silver with 7.89m. Jonathan Moore (Birchfield Harriers) took bronze with 7.58m.
Tomlinson said: "I was so tired. I've been competing on the circuit quite a bit. But I realise I have to come here and perform and I just about did it."
Looking to Osaka, he said: "I want to go there and do as well as I can. There are guys up there who are expected to win, but I can beat these guys."
There was a stadium record set in the women's javelin by the in-form Goldie Sayers (Belgrave Harriers). She spiked the turf at 63.02m to virtually seal her place for Osaka. Laura Whittingham (Sale Harriers Manchester) and Lianne Clarke (Cardiff) took the minor medals with 52.88m and 52.42m, both PB performances.
Nicola Sanders (Windsor, Slough, Eton & Hounslow) looks increasingly confident as the season unfolds and she won the women's 400m in impressive style, clocking 51.33. The 25 year-old has the A standard for Osaka and will head to Japan in good heart.
The men's 800m was won by pre-race favourite Michael Rimmer (Liverpool Pembroke & Sefton) who was never seriously-threatened as he cantered home in 1:47.06. Richard Hill (Notts AC) just pipped James Brewer (Cheltenham Harriers) for silver.
Andy Turner (Sale Harriers Manchester) defended his men's 110m hurdles title in 13.54 from Allan Scott (Shaftesbury Barnet) and Will Sharman (Belgrave Harriers), who clocked 13.78 and 13.98 respectively. Turner has the A standard for the World Championships and looks well set for Osaka.
Afterwards, he said. "It's nice to win again. I am pleased to get the victory after tearing my hamstring at the European Cup. I know I'm in great shape. When I get to Osaka I'm confident I can do a lot better."
Elsewhere, Andy Frost (Woodford Green & Essex Ladies) won the men's hammer for the third successive years with a season's best of 71.02m. Mike Floyd (Sale Harriers Manchester) and Simon Bown (Newham & Essex) took the silver and bronze medals with 67.16m and 66.82m respectively.
In the women's hammer, Zoe Derham (Birchfield Harriers) took gold with 64.99m, Shirley Webb (Trafford) produced a season's best of 63.46m for silver, with Laura Douglas (Sale Harriers Manchester) taking bronze with 61.88m.
In the men's discus, Emeka Udechuku (Woodford Green & Esses Ladies) also completed a hat-trick of titles, winning with a third-round throw of 60.83m. Abdul Buhan (Newham & Essex) and Matthew Brown (Enfield & Haringey) took silver and bronze with 56.87m and 53.41m respectively.
Carl Myerscough (Blackpool, Wyre & Fylde) won the men's shot with a best of 19.39m. Emeka Udechuku (Woodford green & Essex Ladies) took silver with 17.87m, with Kieren Kelly (Sale Harriers Manchester) grabbing bronze with 17.09m.
The tightest finish of the day came in the women's 100m final, won by Jeanette Kwayke (Woodford Green & Essex Ladies) from Laura Turner (Windsor, Slough, Eton & Hounslow) in a photo-finish after both were timed at 11.59. Joice Maduaka (Woodford Green & Essex Ladies) took bronze with 11.68.
Also on the track, Andrew Steele (Trafford AC) and Richard Buck (City of York) were winners in the men's 400m semi finals to lead the qualifiers into Sunday's final. In the women's 800m heats, Marilyn Okoro (Shaftesbury Barnet) qualified fastest for Sunday's final with 2:02.03.
In the women's 400m hurdles, Natasha Danvers-Smith (Shaftesbury Barnet) qualified fastest for Sunday's final with 56.32. The men's 1500m saw Andy Baddeley (Harrow AC) and Nick McCormick (Morpeth Harriers) progress as heat winners to Sunday's final.
For full results, click here.


Here at Clever Items, we use several types of ink processes to develop the custom graphics you are searching for in personalized athletic attire. When determining which process for your t-shirt, hoodie, sports bag, hats or other items, we take into account the durability, flexibility, versatility and comfort! With all of this in mind, the plasitsol inks are typically best.
Screenprinting with plastisol ink is one of the most common ways to design your attire and Clever Items has the technology and skills to accomplish the look you are looking for in your athletic attire. Plasticol is a plastic based ink that binds with the fibers of the material to create a print that will last the life of the cloth. Plastisol also gives us the ability to use thin or thick ink, depending on your preferences in your design.
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Dischargeable Ink - Most of the ink penetrates into the fibers and gives a feel that is very close to the way the fabric originally felt before printing.
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Galangal (en malayo lengkuas, en mandarín 高良薑 (tradicional)/高良姜 (simplificado), cantonés lam keong), conocido también como "jengibre azul", es un rizoma con usos tanto culinarios como medicinales. Es muy conocido en las cocinas asiáticas y, aunque hoy en día apenas es empleado en las cocinas europeas, en la Edad Media era muy empleado como especia en diferentes recetas. El empleo medieval de esta raíz como especia alcanzó su punto álgido en Europa en el siglo XIV y ya se encuentra entre las especias encargadas en el S. IX por la Abadía de Corbie

Miembros del género
La palabra galangal, o su variante galanga, es el nombre común de todos los miembros del género Alpinia, pero se puede decir que se refiere a cuatro plantas, todas ellas en Zingiberaceae:

 Alpinia galanga o Calangal Mayor
 Alpinia officinarum
 Kaempferia galanga, denominada también galangal de cultivo''' o jengibre de tierra
 Boesenbergia pandurata'', denominada también jengibre chino o raíces dedos

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Alpinia officinarum (Galangal)  King's American Dispensatory @ Henriette's Herbal
 Galangal (Alpinia officinarum) Mrs. Grieve's "A Modern Herbal" @ Botanical.com
 Galangal (Alpinia galanga) Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages

Especias
Gastronomía de Tailandia
Gastronomía de la Edad Media


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Congresswoman Speier Introduces Resolution to Allow For Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment
Posted on May 15, 2015 By Paul Wommack
DC – Barron YoungSmith (202) 225-3531 / (202) 731-3519 cell
Barron.Youngsmith@mail.house.gov
CA – Katrina Rill (650) 342-0300 / (650) 208-7441 cell
Katrina.Rill@mail.house.gov
WASHINGTON, DC – Congresswoman Jackie Speier (D-San Francisco/San Mateo counties) introduced H.J. Res. 51, a joint resolution that will remove the deadline and allow for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. Senator Ben Cardin (D-Maryland) introduced identical legislation last week. H.J. Res. 51 currently has 146 cosponsors.
"It's a twenty-first century scandal that the U.S. Constitution doesn't contain explicit protections for women's equality," said Speier. "When asked, the vast majority of Americans think it already has such a provision—and they're appalled to hear it doesn't. Without explicit protections for women's equality in the Constitution, we will continue to see discrimination against women. With all the progress women have made, it's long past time for a permanent standard ensuring all women and men are equal under the law."
"There should never be a time clock on equality. We cannot allow an arbitrary deadline to stand in the way of equal rights for our mothers and daughters, wives, sisters, aunts, and grandmothers. We should be working to ensure that all women realize the promise of equal protection under the law," said Senator Ben Cardin. "I'm proud to team up once again with Congresswoman Speier in this push to finally ratify the Equal Rights Amendment and at last make equality for women explicitly clear in our Constitution."
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) would specify in an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex." In 1923, on the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Seneca Falls Convention, Alice Paul first announced the ERA. This amendment was introduced in every session of Congress from 1923 until it passed in 1972. Thirty-five states ratified the ERA before the deadline, leaving us just three states short.
Years later, an ERA is still necessary. As U.S. Supreme Court Justice Scalia explained in a Supreme Court opinion, "Certainly the Constitution does not require discrimination on the basis of sex. The only issue is whether it prohibits it. It doesn't." Congresswoman Speier's joint resolution follows the "three-state" approach to ratification of the ERA, which would strike the expired deadline and restart the "ratification clock" so that the amendment would become part of the Constitution once three more states authorize it.
"I believe strongly that we only need three more states to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment. The Twenty-Seventh Amendment, introduced by James Madison, was passed by Congress in 1789, nearly 203 years before it was ratified by the states in 1992. If no time limit was acceptable for an amendment by one of the Founding Fathers, it should be good for the women of America today," said Ellie Smeal, president of the Feminist Majority Foundation.
"The continuing war on women shows that an Equal Rights Amendment is needed now more than ever. Rep. Speier's three-state strategy bill for removing the deadline from the preamble to the 1972 ERA is the best and most expeditious path to full ratification by the required 38 states. The House should pass this bill without delay!" said Terry O'Neill, president of the National Organization for Women.
"It's time for all women to receive equal pay for their labor. There is no 'woman discount' so there should be no discount in the pay we receive for the work that we do. If we really want to end poverty, then we must end the pay disparity based on sex and race," said Andrea Miller, executive director of People Demanding Action.
"We have a baseball, football, basketball Hall of Fame for men. We have Mt. Rushmore and other recognitions for men only. Why? Men have always had greater opportunities than women and girls. We applaud men who've achieved highly—even though many have achieved highly at our expense. Now it's time for women and girls to have equal opportunities. It's time women and girls have equal rights to succeed in any field we wish to do so. ERA will make this possible," said Dr. E. Faye Williams, president of the National Congress of Black Women.
"The ERA Coalition welcomes the re-introduction of legislation in the House of Representatives relating to the Equal Rights Amendment. The inclusion of sex equality as a fundamental principle in the United States Constitution is long overdue. We urge all representatives to join Congresswoman Speier and the other co-sponsors of this legislation to put the Equal Rights Amendment in the Constitution where it belongs," said Jessica Neuwirth, president of the ERA Coalition.
"The Equal Rights Amendment simply affirms that there should be no difference between the rights of women and men under the Constitution. There is nothing more American than that. We thank Congresswoman Speier and other representatives who are working to make this guarantee a part of the Constitution. We encourage those representatives who are not yet co-sponsors to sign on and help make legal sex equality a reality," said Roberta W. Francis and Bettina Hager, co-chairs of the ERA Task Force at the National Council of Women's Organizations.
"AAUW remains deeply committed to the passage and ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment," said Lisa Maatz, vice president for government relations at the American Association of University Women. "While women continue to make historic strides, we still don't have equal rights under the law. Congress must ensure that everyone, regardless of sex, receives equal opportunities that are enumerated and guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. Congresswoman Jackie Speier's bill is key to making that happen, and it's past time we got it done."
"We at ERA Action, a national grassroots movement dedicated to the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment via the three-state strategy, are thrilled to be working with Congresswoman Jackie Speier to remove the deadline to ratify the ERA. The movement is rapidly growing across the nation as activists join together to pass this crucial legislation. Following in the footsteps of our guiding spirit, Dr. Alice Paul, author of the ERA, who proclaimed the Twentieth Century 'Great Demand'—a constitutional amendment granting votes for American women—we declare the Twenty-First Century Great Demand to be the ratification of the ERA," said Cathy Kaelin and Tammy Simkins, co-founders and co-directors of ERA Action.
H.J. Res. 51 is supported by numerous organizations including the Alaska Women's Network, Alice Paul Institute, American Association of University Women, American Humanist Association (AHA), AHA Feminist Caucus, Business and Professional Women's Foundation (BPW), Arkansans 4 Immediate Passage of ERA, Center for Advancement of Public Policy (CAPP), Center for Women's Policy Studies, Clearinghouse on Women's Issues, Coalition for the ERA, Coalition of Labor Union Women, CT Permanente Commission on Women, ERA Action, ERAmerica, ERA Campaign Network, ERA Coalition, ERA Education Fund, Inc., ERA NOW, Equal Rights Advocates, Equal Rights Alliance, Equal Visibility Everywhere, Federally Employed Women, Feminist Majority Foundation, Gender Equality Solidarity Society, Girls Gotta Run Foundation, Girls Give Back, Gray Panthers, Hadassah Women's Zionist, Indian American Leadership Council, Katrina's Dream, Majority United, Missouri Women's Network, National Association of Social Workers, National Congress of Black Women, National Council of Jewish Women, National Council of PR Women, National Council of Women of USA, National Council of Women's Organizations – ERA Task Force, National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, National Organization for Women, National Women's Law Center, National Women's Political Caucus, NWPC-Florida, NWPC-Missouri, NYPC-New Mexico, One Struggle One Fight, Progressive Democrats of America, Radical Women, Ratify ERA-NC, Responsible for Equality and Liberty, Ross Co.-OH, San Francisco Dept. on the Status of Women, School Girls Unite!, Secular Woman, Washington Office, United 4 Equality LLC, United Methodist Women, UniteWomen.org, US Women's Chamber of Commerce, VA (Arlington Co.) Commission for Women, We Are Woman, Women Rise Up Now, Women's Campaign Fund, Women's Democratic Club, Women's Research and Education Institute, Women's Suburban Dem. Club, Women's Zionist Organization of America, Inc., Youth Activism Project, Inc., YWCA USA, and 9 to 5.
Barron YoungSmith
Director of Communications / Legislative Assistant
Congresswoman Jackie Speier, CA-14
2465 Rayburn H.O.B.
T: 202.225.3531| F: 202.226.4183
SPEIER.HOUSE.GOV
CONGRESSIONAL WATCHDOG CAUCUS