NPC S1E3 - "Mission Commission"
Still in hot pursuit of the boorish Sir Adwin, Bax and his new companion Squib the slime monster find themselves in swift need of a pointer or two. But they soon learn that in the small village of Jacoby, everything has a price. Even common courtesy.


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A 2010-es eritreai–etióp határkonfliktus Etiópia és Eritrea hadserege között kirobbant fegyveres összeütközés volt Zalambesa határváros területén. Etiópok arra hivatkoztak, hogy eritreai fegyveresek átlépték a két ország határát. Az etióp kormány véleménye szerint Eritrea egy belső feszültséget próbált meg nemzetközi szintűre kibővíteni.

Előzmények

Etiópia és Eritrea között az 1998–2000-ben lezajlott etióp–eritreai háború után is feszült maradt. Azóta számos kisebb határvita ütötte fel a fejét a két országot elválasztó területen.

Eritreát nem sokkal a konfliktus kirobbanása előtt szankciókkal sújtotta az Egyesült Nemzetek Szervezete. Ez annak a következménye lett, hogy fegyverekkel és lőszerekkel látták el a Szomália kormánya ellen fellázadó csoportokat. A kereskedelmi korlátok előtt az ország még visszautasította a Dzsibutival fennálló határvita rendezését is.

A csata

Eritreai szemmel
Az Eritreai Információs Minisztérium állításai szerint az etióp hadsereg újév napján átlépte a két országot elválasztó határsávot, és összetűzésbe kerültek a kézifegyverekkel, gépkarabélyokkal és rakéta meghajtású gránátvetőkkel felszerelkezett eritreai csoportokkal. Az etióp csapatok visszavonultak a határ túloldalára, ezalatt 10 embert megöltek közülük, kettőt pedig elfogtak. Az etióp hadsereg után több AK-47 típusú gépkarabély, egy automata lőfegyver és több rádiókészülék maradt vissza.

Etióp szemmel
Az etióp kormány szóvivője, Bereket Simon visszautasította, hogy bármiféle fegyveres összetűzésre került volna sor. Állítása szerint az eritreaiak el akarják leplezni egy eritreai csoport támadását. Ebben a harcban az eritreai hadsereg 25 katonáját ölték meg.

Jegyzetek

Etiópia háborúi
Eritrea történelme
Etioperitreaihatarkonfliktus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A small and very affordable new edition of my Three Steps print.
For years I've been returning over and over again to 19th Century labor slogans, possibly because they provide a certain clarity at a moment when everything seems so complicated (even if the clarity is illusory). There is also something extremely powerful about the human hand as a formal device, which has been used so effectively by John Heartfield ("Vote List 5") in 1930s Germany to the millions of images of people holding up two fingers for peace during the 1960s and 70s (and onward). I like the three finger gesture because its meaning is less immediately clear than an open hand, or the peace sign, or a fist.


I had a call from a friend who is assisting the family of an ex-member of the Force, Sergeant Rick Parken, Reg #24361, joined November 24 1965 and died October 9, 2015. Rick Parken's family is wanting to purchase an engraved nameplate with his name for the Pillars of the Force at the RCMP Heritage Center. One of the pieces of information required is Rick Parken's Troop # from training. The family does not have that bit of information.
Perhaps one of our readers may have been a troopmate of Rick's and can provide that information.


text:
Thailand Welcomes Tourism, Economic Progress, Looks Ahead to 2023 Elections
January 7, 2023 January 10, 2023 web Desk General
BANGKOK — After two years of battling the COVID-19 pandemic and facing political unrest, Thailand is looking ahead to general elections and a bumper year for tourism in 2023.
Experts say the elections could promote further economic growth and create stability for the kingdom.
While facing economic setbacks due to the pandemic, Thailand struggled with anti-government demonstrations, with protesters calling for a change in government and a reform of the monarchy and criticizing the country's COVID-19 policy.
The demonstrations slowed in 2022, in part because of the relaxation of health restrictions and an economic boost as Thailand reopened its borders for tourism.
Pravit Rojanaphruk, a veteran journalist at Khaosod English, said the results of Thailand's general election will be critical to whether Thailand will see political and further economic growth.
"As it is, the government is distracted by the looming election as no major or special economic policy will be introduced in the months ahead. Depending on the outcome of the election, Thailand can expect more political certainty," he told VOA.
Thailand's government is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The next general elections are scheduled for May 7.
Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha said in December that he wanted to rule until 2025, hinting he plans to run in the election. But Prayuth could leave his Palang Pracharath Party, which leads the current ruling coalition government, and join a new party specifically formed for him.
Chan-ocha, 68, seized power in a 2014 military coup when he was commander of the Royal Thai Army. He has become deeply unpopular in recent years over his handling of the pandemic and mismanagement of the economy, surviving several no-confidence votes in the past eight years.
With the main opposition party, Pheu Thai, riding high in the polls, the coming election could mean a change in the government, a Thai analyst said.
"If Pheu Thai wins by a large enough margin, it will be difficult to deny its role in leading the next government," Thitinan Pongsudhirak, a professor at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, told VOA.
Street protests
In recent years, Thai activist groups have regularly taken to the streets, protesting government decisions and demanding that the prime minister quit. Thitinan warned that demonstrations could erupt again if there is evidence of wrongdoing during the elections.
"If the [election] results are overturned, either by manipulating margins or outright dissolution, even another seizure of power, then street protests will likely ensue," he said.
Thailand's economy was forecast to grow 3.4% in 2022, which would be a return to pre-pandemic economic levels, the World Bank reported. The economy will continue to increase in 2023, although more slowly than initially anticipated, but still with forecast growth of 3.6%, the World Bank said.
Thitinan said he thought more investment would be needed, as well as a long-term strategy.
"In reality, Thailand's trend growth and economic trajectory is settling into a 3% plateau for the medium term with downside risks in the absence of major structural reforms of policy regimes dealing with investment, immigration and innovation for new growth areas in the digital era, underpinned by education and skills training that are globally competitive," he wrote to VOA.
Thailand's economy relies heavily on tourism, but amid the pandemic-fueled global economic downturn, the kingdom saw a 6% decline in its economy in 2020.
Tourism already contributed to a 2.4% year-over-year rise for Thailand's economy in the first half of 2022. The country said it welcomed its 10 millionth foreign tourist of the year on December 10.
APEC fallout
Thailand also hopes to strengthen foreign investment after having hosted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in Bangkok in November.
Pravit said representatives of the 21 Asia-Pacific economies met to discuss trade and economic integration – and gave Thailand some much-needed publicity.
"It sent a message [that] Thailand is ready to welcome more tourists and do more business," he said.
China-Thailand
One of the key meetings Chan-ocha held this year was with Chinese President Xi Jinping.
Thailand is hoping Chinese tourists will again flock to its shores. Thai tourism officials are predicting 12 million Chinese visitors this year.
Gary Bowerman, a tourism analyst based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, said that achieving those figures would take some time.
"To expect they will get 12 million Chinese tourists next year, when they only had 11 million in 2019, that's a high figure. I don't think we can take the China forecast very seriously," Bowerman told VOA in November.
Russian tourists
With tourism almost certain to increase in the new year, questions remain about whether Russian tourists should be allowed to visit Thailand amid Russia's war in Ukraine.
Thailand has tried to remain neutral amid the rising tension between Western countries and the Kremlin, even abstaining from a U.N. General Assembly vote in October over Russia's claims that it had annexed four eastern Ukraine regions.
Mark Cogan, associate professor of peace and conflict studies at Kansai Gaidai University in Japan, said Thailand is thinking pragmatically.
"Thailand badly needs to resume pre-COVID trade levels and tourism. And they need Russian tourists as well. The noise surrounding the UNGA [U.N. General Assembly] vote may not have won favor in the human rights community, but when Russia is basically the seventh-largest market for tourism, I can see why they [Thailand] are a bit pragmatic," Cogan told VOA in November.
Local media said Thai officials were predicting that for all of 2022, the number of Russian tourists would reach 1 million.
Source: Voice of America
Two musical events expected to snarl up Bangkok traffic this weekend
OPHI and UNDP Regional MPI Brief: Leaving no one behind: Asia and the Pacific Region 2021

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


No matter how hard I try, my wife is always the A-list parent. Here are 5 unexplainable reasons why Mommy is VIP.
1) "I need Mommy" – Mommy suddenly walks into the room and everyone runs and piles on top of her like she's a Running Back carrying a football. There's clawing, fighting, and screaming about who gets VIP snuggle-access with her. I just stand in the corner with open arms like: "Guys, I can hug it out too, ya know?" Nobody listens. Mommy's lap is where the party's at.
2) "Where's Mommy?" – Daddy walks out of the room and it's not a big deal. But Mommy walks out of the room and it's an automatic Code Red emergency where we need to call the military to go find her. Where was did she go? The bathroom.
3) "Only Mommy" – On specific nights, it's only Mommy who can tuck everyone into bed like she has some sort of magic voodoo which she sprinkles into your eyes before sleep (re: mombae). When Daddy kisses goodnight, his beard itches. Mommy's hair is long, soft, and smells like nectarines—perfect for a soothing bedtime workflow. Daddy needs to get it together—especially his life choices regarding facial hair.
4) "Mommy knows where it is" – Only Mommy knows where the lost rainbow socks are that the 3-year old is currently screaming about. Mommy will find them and fix this hot mess because apparently Daddy doesn't know anything.
5) "Mommy can do it" – Mommy has the family's calendar mapped out in her brain until the year 2030 so she's the only person to have deep discussions with about setting up playdates with Calvin on the weekend. Daddy can't do it because he doesn't even know where the rainbow socks are.
Have a Mommy whose VIP in your house? Give her a shout out in the comments! And be sure to follow the shenanigans on Facebook, Instagram, and Pinterest. You can email me directly to say hello too!


PARIS, Jan 29 (Reuters) - French retailer Carrefour is joining up with other with food companies including Danone to launch "MiiMOSA Transition", a crowdfunding project to help farmers switch to organic farming, in response to rising consumer demand for socially responsible practices.
Food groups Herta as well as French food co-operatives d'Aucy and Les Paysans de Rougeline are also part of the project that will help producers upgrade their farming, livestock rearing and crop-growing practices.
The partners will help fund an initial 10 million euros ($11.4 million) worth of projects, with the goal of reaching 100 million euros within four years after other partners join.
Carrefour, Europe's largest food retailer, has increased its focus on organic food, under a global five-year plan to boost sales and profits. It has also adopted blockchain ledger technology to track and trace chicken, eggs and tomatoes as they travel from farms to stores.
Under the plan, Carrefour is targeting 5 billion euros in organic food sales by 2022, compared to 1.2 billion generated in 2017. It generated 1.8 billion euros in organic food in 2018, CEO Alexandre Bompard disclosed last week.
Danone is the world's biggest yoghurt company and its CEO Emmanuel Faber has said he wants Danone to play a central role in the new trends sweeping the global food industry. Faber is also a member of Carrefour's food advisory committee.


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Leader in the Clubhouse: NFL award races are wide open
/ by Ethan Cadeaux
* Throughout the 2021 NFL season, NBC Sports Washington's Ethan Cadeaux will follow all of the NFL's award races as part of the Leader in the Clubhouse series. Here, he looks where each award race stands after Week 10.
The 2021 NFL season is over halfway done, yet there is no clear separation between the pretenders and contenders this year. Every single team in the league has at least two losses, while four .500-or-worse teams have defeated divisional leaders in each of the past two weeks.
While there's tremendous parity among teams this season, there are also no clear frontrunners for most of the league's annual awards. Each award, including MVP, appears to be wide-open, with a handful of players or coaches contending for each honor.
So, where does each award race stand after Week 10?
Here are the betting favorites for each NFL award, the best bets for each honor and analysis for every award race (all odds are provided by NBC Sports partner, PointsBet USA). For our NBA fans, we have you covered every week here.
Most Valuable Player
Betting favorite: Josh Allen (+300)
Best bet: Patrick Mahomes (+1400)
Keep an eye on: Lamar Jackson (+1100)
Of all the NFL awards, the race for Most Valuable Player is the most intriguing. Without exaggerating, there are at least six to eight players that are firmly in contention for the league's most prestigious individual award.
However, at this point in time, there's no clear favorite for the honor. Bills QB Josh Allen has the best odds and has the chance to really build his case with Buffalo's favorable schedule. Then again, if he turns in a few more performances like he did in Week 9 against Jacksonville, he'll completely leave this conversation.
With no clear favorite, Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes is the one player I personally would bet on at this point in time. It's no secret Kansas City has struggled this year, but they looked like the Chiefs od old this past Sunday in a blowout win over the Raiders. Mahomes looked like his MVP self. And, don't look now, he's top-two in both yards and touchdown passes. At +1400, any Mahomes bettors could make some significant cash if he continues to trend the way he has.
35/50.
406 yards.
5 TDs.
Statement performance. @PatrickMahomes pic.twitter.com/dMGwPZZARG
— NFL (@NFL) November 15, 2021
Like Mahomes, Ravens quarterback Lamar Jackson is another name to keep an eye on. The 2019 NFL MVP had been building a great case for himself prior to Baltimore's loss to Miami this past week. But even so, Jackson remains firmly in a race, as I mentioned before, that has no clear favorite.
Offensive Player of the Year
Betting favorite: Cooper Kupp (+120)
Best bet: Cooper Kupp (+120)
Keep an eye on: Jonathan Taylor (+1100)
Ever since Titans running back Derrick Henry went down with a likely season-ending foot injury, Rams wideout Cooper Kupp has been the clear favorite to win Offensive Player of the Year. Right now, it's his award to lose.
Kupp, who has already notched 1,141 receiving yards in 10 games, is on pace to come close to Calvin Johnson's single-season yards record. He'll likely have an even bigger role (if that's even possible) in the Rams offense moving forward, too, with Robert Woods out for the year with an ACL tear. Kupp is having an all-time season right now and will likely be rewarded for it come February.
If there is one player who could challenge Kupp for this honor, though, it's Colts running back Jonathan Taylor. The second-year pro is currently the NFL's rushing leader and has scored a touchdown in seven straight games. With Henry out, perhaps no non-quarterback means more to its offense than JT.
Jonathan Taylor with the second effort!
That's seven straight games with a rushing TD for @JayT23. #ForTheShoe
📺: #JAXvsIND on CBS
📱: NFL app pic.twitter.com/ZYHE1iyqj5
Defensive Player of the Year
Betting favorite: Myles Garrett (+250)
Best bet: Myles Garrett (+250)
Keep an eye on: TJ Watt (+450)
The Defensive Player of the Year race is shaping up to have an exciting finish between two elite pass rushers: Myles Garrett and T.J. Watt.
Garrett, the favorite for the award, is currently the NFL's sack leader with 13.0. He's had at least one sack in each of his last four games and in six of the last seven contests, too. Garrett has clearly emerged as the best pass rusher in the NFL -- it would be disrespectful to give someone else that title.
Yet, Watt is not too far behind him in this race at all. The Steelers pass-rusher has five sacks in his last three games and is playing some of the best football of his career right now. Yes, he did get injured in Week 10, but he's not expected to miss too much time, if any at all.
With a sack today, @_TJWatt would surpass Hall of Famer Derrick Thomas (61) and his brother, @JJWatt (61), for the second-most sacks by a player in his first 70 games.@steelers | #HereWeGo | #DETvsPIT
🤝 @TGHCares pic.twitter.com/3jzmBLO6iQ
— Pro Football Hall of Fame (@ProFootballHOF) November 14, 2021
In 2020, Watt felt as if he should have won this award. Yet, he finished as the runner-up to Aaron Donald. This year, expect Watt to do everything in his power to win this honor and not let last year repeat itself again.
Offensive Rookie of the Year
Betting favorite: Ja'Marr Chase (-115)
Best bet: Mac Jones (+115)
Keep an eye on: N/A
The Offensive Rookie of the Year award has unofficially turned into a two-man race between Bengals wide receiver Ja'Marr Chase and Patriots quarterback Mac Jones.
Chase has been the favorite for much of the year following his hot start to his rookie season. The Bengals pass-catcher is currently fifth in receiving yards and eighth in touchdowns, by far the highest marks of any rookie. He's had a tremendous start to his career and still has plenty of time left to add to his OROY case.
Yet, this award has typically gone to a quarterback in recent years. And, with Mac Jones' recent hot play, the Patriots' signal-caller has shot up the Offensive Rookie of the Year odds board.
First three touchdown game. Four straight wins. @MacJones_10
(@CaesarsSports Star of the Week) pic.twitter.com/zPcuP1w8I9
Jones' Patriots have won four straight games, with the rookie QB looking better by the week. New England is a true playoff contender in the AFC and Jones is a major reason why. If Jones and the Patriots continue to stay hot, it wouldn't be much of a surprise at all to see him as the favorite for Offensive Rookie of the Year come to the end of the season.
Defensive Rookie of the Year
Betting favorite: Micah Parsons (-165)
Best bet: Micah Parsons (-165)
Of all the awards, the Defensive Rookie of the Year race -- along with Comeback Player of the Year, which I'll get to momentarily -- is the closest to being over. Barring something unforeseen, Cowboys linebacker Micah Parsons will be the winner of this honor come season's end.
Parsons has been incredible for a Cowboys' defense that has turned things around significantly from last season. His six sacks lead all Cowboys defenders, while his 58 tackles are the second-most on the team.
Micah Parsons: 90.5 pass-rushing grade this season 💪
Only rookie above a 74 👀 pic.twitter.com/jUZMAmr8Br
— PFF (@PFF) November 13, 2021
It's not an over-exaggeration to say Parsons is already the most important player to Dallas' defense, especially with pass rusher Demarcus Lawrence injured. Parsons will win this award in a landslide, and deservingly so.
Comeback Player of the Year
Betting favorite: Dak Prescott (-500)
Best bet: Dak Prescott (-500)
Keep an eye on: Joe Burrow (+800)
This one also comes as no surprise, as Cowboys quarterback Dak Prescott has been the clear favorite to win Comeback Player of the Year since Week 1 of the 2021 NFL season.
For Prescott, even returning to the level of play he was at pre-injury would have been remarkable. But the Cowboys signal-caller has returned from a gruesome leg injury as a better quarterback, playing the best football of his NFL career. Not only is Prescott the favorite for this honor, but he's right in the thick of the MVP race as well.
While Prescott will almost certainly win this award, it's worth mentioning the success Joe Burrow has had this season coming off an ACL and MCL injury as well. The Bengals have overachieved thus far this season, largely due to the emergence of its second-year franchise quarterback. Burrow is as tough as they come and Cincinnati has a bright future ahead of them with No. 9 under center.
Coach of the Year
Betting favorite: Mike Vrabel (+300)
Best bet: Mike Vrabel (+300)
Keep an eye on: Kliff Kingsbury (+600)
No Derrick Henry, no problem. The Titans lost their best player for likely the season, but head coach Mike Vrabel has stayed the course and currently has his club sitting at 8-2 and atop the AFC. Who say that coming at the beginning of the season?
For a team that entered the season with many question marks, especially on the defensive side of the football, what Vrabel has been able to get out of his squad thus far is nothing short of impressive.
Mike Vrabel is proving this year he's one of the league's best coaches https://t.co/pdxeWiAA2e
— Zak Keefer (@zkeefer) November 14, 2021
Yet, what Kliff Kingsbury has done in Arizona this year has been equally as impressive, too. At full health, the Cardinals have proven themselves to be among the NFL's elite, just one year removed from finishing 8-8. Kyler Murray has received a lot of the credit for Arizona's early-season success, but Kingsbury and also the team's defense are equally responsible.
How the season shakes out will largely determine the winner of this award, but don't be surprised if Vrabel and Kingsbury are the two coaches that voters end up having to choose between.


Does the fear of "death panels" show one of the inherent problems with nationalizing health care (further) in the US? As several commentators have noted, medicine, like any other scarce good, must be rationed. The question is how, by whom, and for what reasons? Is it good to have a single, open, republic-wide discussion of such things? Will there ever be anythig like consensus about such things? Do we really want a frank and open, nationwide discussion of when not to pay for a hip replacement, or a heart bypass?
Progressives, with their faith in technocracy, are often content with the idea that experts can, across a large system, make reasonable calculations about such things. If a 85-year-old has a 20% chance of benefittig from a liver transplant, then give the new liver to someone else, etc. Is it better to have a system like the one we currently have, where there is some chance involved? In that chance, there is, I suspect, more room for individuals to make measured calculations of risk and reward for themselves. There is also less blunt discussion of when it is time for our parents, grandparents, etc., to stop fighting for life. I'm not sure I want to live in a society where such decisions are made by a rule, created by expert ethicists (partly because I don't think that people with PhDs in ethics are, in fact, better at making such rules). But if there is a single payer for health care, there must be such rules. How else can the government make such decisions?
To reiterate a favorite point, the US is not a small republc. In a republic of a few thousand, it might be possible to have a real, and legitimate community consensus about such things, and also to allow some play in the system. In a large republic, of thousands of communities, that's simply not possible. People get reduced to atoms in a health care system that coveres a republic of 300 million.
Progressives, with their faith in technocracy, are often content with the idea that experts can, across a large system, make reasonable calculations about such things.
What kind of stupid assertion is that? Their faith in technocracy? As if Reagan REALLY got rid of the Department of Education . . . Come on, now. What is No Child Left Behind? Or any poll? Or the military? Or homeland security? Or immigration? You don't think that any administration would hire statisticians and "experts" to deal with this stuff? Turn off the Fox News, quit reading "National Review", and wake up. Sheesh.
Is it better to have a system like the one we currently have, where there is some chance involved?
Chance? Do you mean money? Or do you mean the "experts" at current health insurance companies (those "private sector" ones) who already determine risk? Do you know how many people are turned down for different procedures (or even for a particular plan) because of their medical conditions? Rather than have a government "expert" do it - a person appointed by an elected official or committee, who can be influenced by policy enacted by legislatures - you would prefer a corporate "expert" who determines such risk in a cost-effective model. I'm sure that the free-market approach to health care has treated you well, Mr. Adams. In the abstract, I'm sure it also makes for some pleasant fiction.
Please, please, please, understand something: there is no one advocating for a single-payer health system who Obama takes seriously. I wish this was not the case. For you, this is wonderful. It means that there will be plenty of corporate options for the rich and the government wary. You can choose to pay an profit-driven expert ethicist instead of a policy-driven one.
I guess to sum this up: I'm sure the government option will have rules. But there are already tons of rules, many of which are created to screw people out of their insurance and help a particular corporation turn a profit. Either you really have no idea how the health care industry really works, or you're pretending that those companies don't already evaluate potential policy holders according to risk-profit models or deny citizens with great credit because of particular illnesses or scour through medical histories in order to kick someone off their policy because they didn't fill out the paperwork right.
But keep scaring people, Mr. Adams. Because the government take-over is coming. Socialism is on the way. Private insurers won't be able to compete with the government (just like FedEx, UPS, private schools, NYC taxi cabs, etc.). And it's going to be single-payer!!!! Even though everyone counseling Obama about this and offering advice doesn't want that! He'll still get it through Congress!!! Are we Russia (the democracy) or something?!?!?
Matt, don't dismiss the idea that the public option is a strategy for destroying the private market in health insurance by offering lower premiums at the front end and then rationing the resulting artificial scarcities when the private market is smashed and there are no affordable private alternatives for the working and middle-classes. Private insurance companies might continue to exist, but with smaller risk pools (and no doubt tight federal regualation), private insurance costs will be even less affordable than now. You are right that private sector care would remain available, though at a high price, for the wealthy - which is why Congress would not vote to subject itself and its dependents to the mercies of whatever public option program exists. You are right that it would not be true single-payer. We would not all be in the same boat. It would have the effect of creating all the drawbacks of a single-payer system for the working and middle-classes, but not the wealthy.
How are we going to pay for it? Where do you get people who act out policy and don't look to make a profit?, government worker finds ways to profit. Where do you find policy makers not after profits? I am not a fan of our healthcare system at all but thinking that simply turning the keys over to the government is going to improve things and make it affordable is the stuff of LSD inspired commune ranting. Why not just get of currency? Just have a society where like some guy is the doctor and another guy makes shoes or whatnot and when your sick you just go to the doctor. People are sicker today than in the previous generation. Lets get some clear answers on that problem before anything else is done. I would like to know why cancer deaths went from one in sixty to one in two. Free healthcare is the cruelest of jokes in a society of corporate eugenics packing vaccines and colas full of poison.


text:
HOUSEHOLD STORIES from The BROTHERS GRIMM
51 Tales translated to English by Lucy Crane & Illustrated by Walter Crane
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WO king's sons once started to seek adventures, and fell into a wild, reckless way of living, and gave up all thoughts of going home again. Their third and youngest brother, who was called Witling, and had remained behind, started off to seek them; and when at last he found them, they jeered at his simplicity in thinking that he could make his way in the world, while they who were so much cleverer were unsuccessful. But they all three went on together until they came to an ant-hill, which the two eldest brothers wished to stir up, that they might see the little ants hurry about in their fright and carrying off their eggs, but Witling said,
" Leave the little creatures alone, I will not suffer them to be disturbed."
And they went on farther until they came to a lake, where a number of ducks were swimming about. The two eldest brothers wanted to catch a couple and cook them, but Witling would not allow it, and said, " Leave the creatures alone, I will not suffer them to be killed."
And then they came to a bee's-nest in a tree, and there was so much honey in it that it overflowed and ran down the trunk. The two eldest brothers then wanted to make a fire beneath the tree, that the bees might be stifled by the smoke, and then they could get at the honey. But Witling prevented them, saying,


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Luann de Lesseps Reveals Where Things Currently Stand with Her Kids Following the Lawsuit
September 6, 2018, 2:31 PM ET
The RHONY mom experienced some family turbulence this summer over plans to sell her Hamptons home.
By Jocelyn Vena
How are Things with Luann de Lesseps & Her Kids?
Earlier this summer, it was reported that Luann de Lesseps and her family were involved in a legal matter regarding her plans to sell her home in the Hamptons. There was a lawsuit involving her two kids, Victoria de Lesseps and Noel de Lesseps, as well as her ex-husband, Count Alexandre de Lesseps, which pertained to the fact that she was allegedly supposed to set up a trust for her kids when she sold the home in Sag Harbor. While Luann was absent from The Real Housewives of New York City Season 10 reunion to offer an update on the matter, she did explain when she appeared on Watch What Happens Live with Andy Cohen on Wednesday.
"Everything is great with the kids. It was a big hiccup about me wanting to get a house upstate and not being in the Hamptons so I decided to keep the Hamptons home. And I'm getting a house upstate in any case. So it all worked out and the kids are great," she told Andy Cohen in the Clubhouse.
(During the sit-down, Luann then shared which of her exes she keeps in touch with, which you can check out in the video above.)
This Is What Makes Luann D'Agostino's Hamptons Home So "Spectacular"
Most Wanted also recently reported that in addition to those properties, the cabaret performer is moving into an entirely new place in NYC, which she recently teased on social media.
And, you can take a tour of Luann's old Hamptons home, below.
Welcome to LuAnn's Crib
Noel de Lesseps
Victoria de Lesseps
Is Luann de Lesseps on the Move from the Hamptons?
Has the Success of Luann's Cabaret Gone to Her Head?


Birthday gift for the special one.
- You may enjoy your party with your own cake or cupcakes.
- No other food items allowed.
*Reservations are required and party must be pre-paid 7 days in advance. Call 816-637-2901 to make your reservation.


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khwaja moinuddin chishti urdu arabi farsi university
Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi~Farsi University Exam Result 2022
Onlineresultportal.com | Updated: 20 June 2022, 1:40:00 AM IST
Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi~Farsi University is a State Government University which is situated in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. This University is named after the great Sufi saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti of Ajmer. Earlier this University was called Shri Kanshiramji Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University and the first academic session of the University started from August 2013 with 413 students.
The main objective of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University is to encourage the growth of Urdu, Arabic and Persian languages and also a better understanding of its culture. The other mission of this University is to pass on better education and training in vocational and technical subjects so that the students are trained enough for job-oriented courses. Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University is also involved in signing Memorandum of Understanding with Indira Gandhi National Open University and Al- Mustafa International University, Iran and NCPUL, New Delhi and Tata Consultancy Services which is exclusively meant for promoting vocational courses.
This University follows a semester-system at the both undergraduate and post-graduate level. There are various subjects taught at Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University which is represented by the departments of Arabic, Persian, Hindi, English, History, Economics, Geography, Business Administration, Commerce, Education, Home Science, Mass Communication, Physical Education, Political Science and Computer Science.
The official website of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University is www.uafulucknow.ac.in where students can gather more information regarding this University. Here you can get all the related information regarding Courses, Admission notices, etc. You can also go for www.onlineresultportal.com where you can also get information about other Indian Universities.
Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi~Farsi University Result
Examination Results -: (M.A./M.Sc./M.Com/M.C.A./M.B.A. - Part-1, 2, 3) Result - Click Here
B.C.A., B.B.A., B.Sc., B.A., B.ed. - Part-1, 2, 3) Result - Click Here
Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi~Farsi University - Official Site
Details of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi~Farsi University
Full Name Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi~Farsi University
Website http://uafulucknow.ac.in/
Email upuafulucknow@gmail.com
Address Sitapur-Hardoi Bypass Road ,Lucknow-226013
City Lucknow
List of courses offered by Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi~Farsi University
B.A. (Ancient Indian History & Archaeology) 3 Years
B.A. (Hons.) (Geography) 3 Years
B.A. (Hons.) (Home Science) 3 Years
B.A. (Hons.) Arabic 3 Years
B.A. (Hons.) Economics 3 Years
B.A. (Hons.) Education 3 Years
B.A. (Hons.) English 3 Years
B.A. (Hons.) Hindi 3 Years
B.A. (Hons.) History 3 Years
B.A. (Hons.) Persian 3 Years
B.A. (Hons.) Political Science 3 Years
B.A. (Hons.) Urdu 3 Years
B.A. (Physical Education) 3 Years
B.Ed. 2 Years
M.A. (Arabic) 2 Years
M.A. (Education) 2 Years
M.A. (Geography) 2 Years
M.A. (Home Science) 2 Years
M.A. (Urdu) 2 Years
Diploma Courses in Arabic 1 Years
Diploma in Urdu 3 Years
B.Sc. (Home Science) 3 Years
B.A. (Journalism and Mass Communication) 3 Years
M.A. (Journalism and Mass Communication) 2 Years
List of colleges affiliated with Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi~Farsi University


We are HERE for this rich chocolate balayage, courtesy of Mika Rogerson (@mikaatbhc). Using all Scruples color, she created a look inspired by Halo Top Creamery's Chocolate flavor. Check out the formulas and technique!
1. Balayage with Formula A in small panels.
2. Apply lowlights with Formula B and apply Formula C to the base.
3. Tone at the bowl with Formula D.


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I flussi migratori in Sardegna ebbero inizio sin dal Paleolitico; gli abitanti di quell'epoca vivevano esclusivamente di risorse spontanee, questa condizione mutò col Neolitico. La cosiddetta rivoluzione neolitica, che si attuò nel Vicino Oriente e nell'Asia minore, indusse grandi cambiamenti anche nel tessuto primitivo dell'isola, che grazie alla presenza dell'ossidiana (allora materiale essenziale all'attrezzatura materiale) entrò anche nei traffici commerciali del Mediterraneo. Dalla fase finale del neolitico la Sardegna è parte integrante della dinamica delle varie genti nel bacino del Mediterraneo.

Preistoria

Le migrazioni nel Paleolitico e Neolitico

Delle pietre scheggiate rinvenute a Perfugas (SS), sono databili al Paleolitico inferiore (un periodo di tempo compreso tra i 400.000 ed i 150.000 anni a.C). Resti di ossa umane appartenenti all'Uomo moderno sono stati ritrovati dagli archeologi nella grotta di Corbeddu a Oliena e sono databili al paleolitico superiore cioè in un periodo di tempo compreso tra 35.000 e i 10.000 anni a.C. Nel mesolitico nuove genti si spinsero in Sardegna dall'Italia continentale e peninsulare, le loro tra tracce sono state individuate nella grotta di Su Coloru a Laerru. Il più antico scheletro umano completo (ribattezzato Amsicora) è stato rinvenuto nel 2011 nel territorio di Arbus, risalirebbe a circa 9000 anni fa, periodo di transizione fra il mesolitico ed il neolitico.

L'isola fu colonizzata stabilmente nel Neolitico antico (VI millennio a.C.) da popolazioni provenienti presumibilmente dalla penisola italiana e sicuramente anche dalla penisola iberica; i primi insediamenti sono stati rinvenuti sia nel versante settentrionale che in quello meridionale. Nella Sardegna settentrionale si sviluppa un aspetto neolitico, detto facies di Filiestru, accomunabile a quello corso-toscano (gruppo di Basi-Filiestru-Pienza) e ligure mentre nella Sardegna meridionale compare un aspetto neolitico, denominato facies di Su Carroppu, che presenta forti somiglianze con l'aspetto neolitico dell'area franco-iberica.

Ma già nel Neolitico recente si scorgono sull'Isola vari segni di un notevole progresso dovuto molto probabilmente a uomini venuti da Oriente, forse dalle Cicladi o da Creta. Questi contatti favorirono lo sviluppo della cultura di Ozieri considerata una delle più importanti culture prenuragiche. Nello stesso periodo le tombe a circolo della Gallura marcano il debutto del megalitismo, che mostra strette similitudini con quello dell'area pirenaica.

Durante l'età del rame e del bronzo

Tra il 2400 e il 2100 a.C., durante l'età del rame, sull'isola si diffuse la cultura di Monte Claro, ritenuta da vari studiosi di origine allogena in quanto segna, per molti aspetti, una rottura con le culture precedenti. Si tratterebbe di piccoli gruppi umani giunti da oriente, attraverso l'Italia meridionale e la Sicilia.

Fra la fine del periodo calcolitico e la prima età del bronzo apparve in Sardegna la cultura del vaso campaniforme (2100-1800 a.C.), diffusa in gran parte dell'Europa centro-occidentale. Elementi caratteristici di tale cultura, oltre al vaso a forma di campana rovesciata presente in tutte le zone dell'Europa ove si diffuse, sono da citare il brassard, ossia una sorta di bracciale di protezione indossato dagli arcieri per proteggersi dal rinculo dell'arco, i pugnali in rame e i bottoni in osso con perforazione a V.

I primi apporti provennero dall'area pirenaica franco-iberica mentre nelle fasi più tarde si avverte la comparsa di elementi centro-europei ed infine poladiani che daranno origine alla successiva cultura di Bonnanaro. Le genti portatrici di questa cultura si insediarono in Sardegna attraverso numerose piccole ondate migratorie, amalgamandosi rapidamente con le popolazioni preesistenti.

Popoli del mare

La tarda età del bronzo fu il periodo in cui nel Mediterraneo si verificò un vasto movimento guerresco e verso il 1200 a.C., secondo alcune teorie non universalmente riconosciute, la Sardegna e la Corsica furono invase da popolazioni di navigatori-guerrieri provenienti da Oriente: i Popoli del mare, e tra essi gli Shardana (o Sherden), .

Secondo altri studiosi gli Shardana furono lo stesso popolo che eresse i nuraghi, quindi le popolazioni autoctone dell'isola.

Storia antica

Fenici, Punici e Romani

I fenici frequentarono le coste sarde a partire dal IX secolo a.C. circa, dove impiantarono alcuni insediamenti generalmente in località protette quali penisole (Bithia, Nora, Tharros ecc.) o isole come nel caso di Sulki. In quest'epoca la Sardegna ebbe un ruolo rilevante nei circuiti di commercio internazionale.

I cartaginesi subentrarono ai fenici a partire dal VI secolo a.C.; a differenza dei predecessori (i fenici, interessati quasi esclusivamente al commercio limitarono la loro presenza alla fascia costiera da dove intrattenevano scambi di merci con le popolazioni nuragiche) i punici penentrarono gradualmente verso l'interno dell'isola fino ad estendere il loro dominio a tutta l'area meridionale e centro-occidentale della Sardegna. La parte settentrionale e centro-orientale, così come nel periodo fenicio, anche nel periodo punico (come testimoniato dalla scarsità di insediamenti fenicio-punici di rilievo nell'area, ad eccezione di Olbia) rimase pressoché immune alla presenza straniera. Durante la dominazione cartaginese ci fu flusso d'immigrazione nell'isola di genti puniche dal Nord Africa.

In seguito alla sconfitta di Cartagine nella prima guerra punica (238 a.C.) la Sardegna passò assieme alla Corsica sotto il controllo della Repubblica di Roma. In periodo romano, lo sviluppo agricolo e demografico, portò un , principalmente nel periodo imperiale, con mirabili effetti culturali, sociali ed economici. Una prima migrazione di italici in Sardegna si ebbe probabilmente già in epoca preromana (IV secolo a.C. circa) quando i coloni Falisci provenienti dall'Etruria meridionale fondarono la città di Feronia (forse identificabile con l'attuale Posada) sulla costa nord-orientale dell'isola. Ad un'epoca remota potrebbe risalire anche lo stanziamento dei Siculensi nel Sarrabus, forse Siculi venuti direttamente dal Lazio prima della loro migrazione in Sicilia. Successivamente alla conquista del III secolo, i Patulcenses Campani molto probabilmente provenienti dall'attuale regione della Campania si stabilirono a nord di Caralis nel Parteòlla. Nell'area dove sorge l'attuale Porto Torres fu fondata la città di Turris Libisonis popolata dai veterani di Giulio Cesare originari di Roma; coloni romani giunsero anche ad Usellus nella Marmilla. Forte nell'isola era inoltre la presenza di armatori e mercanti italici nonché dei legionari che contrastavano le rivolte delle popolazioni dell'interno, in particolare gli Iliensi e i Balari.

Come di consuetudine, anche in Sardegna i romani deportarono un consistente numero di schiavi che venivano utilizzati principalmente per lavorare nei latifondi. Queste genti provenivano anche da posti molto lontani, sia geograficamente che culturalmente, come dimostrato, ad esempio, dalla recente scoperta di alcune tombe sarmatiche all'interno della necropoli di Pill'è Matta a Quartucciu; è stato ipotizzato che questi sarmati furono condotti sull'isola dai romani per migliorare la coltivazione della vite. Nel 19 d.C. l'imperatore Traiano inviò sull'isola 4.000 liberti seguaci dei culti egizi ed ebraici con lo scopo di contrastare i frequenti atti di brigantaggio. Una piccola comunità ebraica crebbe poi per tutto il Medioevo fino a quando non fu costretta ad abbandonare la Sardegna nel 1492 a seguito del decreto di espulsione di ebrei e musulmani da tutti i territori appartenenti alle due corone iberiche.

Col tempo, la lingua delle genti sarde subì profonde trasformazioni con l'introduzione del latino che, soprattutto nelle zone interne, penetrò lentamente ma alla fine si radicò a tal punto che, fra le lingue romanze, il sardo è quella che ne conserva più chiaramente i caratteri; si ritiene che nella zona centro-settentrionale la variante del sardo parlata sia quella maggiormente affine all'idioma dei latini per la pronuncia.

Medioevo ed epoca moderna

Vandali, Bizantini e Goti

Alla caduta dell'Impero romano d'Occidente, la Sardegna venne a far parte del regno dei Vandali, popolazione germanica proveniente dal Nord Europa. Il nuovo regno comprendeva oltreché l'ex provincia di Sardegna e Corsica anche i territori nord-africani della ex provincia romana chiamata Africa. I Vandali confinarono nell'isola alcuni esuli africani tra cui i vescovi cattolici e dei Mauri provenienti dalla Mauretania.

Secondo una tesi questi gruppi di Mauri furono deportati nel territorio del Sulcis; pare però che questo equivoco sia dovuto all'assonanza tra i termini Meurreddus e Maureddus. Il termine Meurreddu deriva non già dai Maurusii (Berberi), bensì dal termine meurra (dal latino turdus merula) che tradotto in italiano significa "merlo": il costume tradizionale maschile del Sulcis ha la particolarità di essere colorato interamente di nero, indossato il quale gli uomini si dicono "vestiti a modo di merlo" (bistiu a meurreddu) cioè vestiti di nero come nero è il colore del merlo. La storicità del termine meurreddu è attestata anche dal complesso nuragico Meurra nel comune di Giba (basso Sulcis) che nel lontano passato ha avuto grande importanza.

I gruppi di Mauri, con le loro mogli, furono inviati sull'isola probabilmente con funzione di presidio militare. Secondo Procopio di Cesarea i Mauri, situati nei "monti vicino a Carales" e divenuti circa 3000, si diedero al saccheggio guadagnandosi l'appellativo di "barbaricini". Sono poi localizzati nei pressi di Forum Traiani (Fordongianus), dove, nonostante le opere di fortificazione, continuarono le loro scorrerie. Contro questi il pretorio del prefetto bizantino Salomone pianificò una spedizione militare per l'inverno del 537. L'elemento germanico in età bizantina appare invece pienamente integrato con il sostrato locale.

Durante la guerra gotica l'isola venne occupata e governata per un breve periodo dagli Ostrogoti per poi passare nuovamente in mano bizantina poco tempo dopo. È probabile che l'occupazione gota durata circa un anno (dal 551 al 552) si limitò alla sola Carales, centro politico-amministrativo della Sardegna, e forse a qualche altra città litoranea.

L'isola era presidiata da contingenti di limitanei bizantini, solo in un secondo momento formati da Sardi. Tra i militari di stanza sull'isola figuravano probabilmente anche germanici.

Preda molto ambita e oramai abbandonata a sé stessa da Bisanzio, a partire dall'VIII secolo la Sardegna subì gli attacchi degli Arabi che cercarono a più riprese di conquistarla. I Sardi secondo gli Annales Loiseliani si opposero a tutti i tentativi di invasione degli Aglabiti del Nordafrica e degli Omayyadi di Spagna infliggendo loro molte perdite.

Pisani e Genovesi

Nel periodo alto giudicale dei quattro regni, l'isolamento della popolazione sarda andò aumentando. I commerci nelle zone costiere, con l'abbandono delle città portuali a causa delle scorrerie barbaresche, conobbero una fase di arresto e si affermò un'economia autosufficiente, alimentata dalla produzione agricola e pastorale. I pisani e genovesi, interessati ad avere basi sicure nell'Isola per i loro viaggi verso l'Oriente, effettuarono sempre più ingerenze sugli stati indigeni, ma contribuirono a stimolare i commerci e i matrimoni al di fuori del parentado.
I pisani fondarono le città di Villa di Chiesa (odierna Iglesias), popolata principalmente da coloni pisani, sardi e corsi, Castel di Castro (attuale Cagliari), la quale sarebbe rimasta in maggioranza pisana fino all'arrivo degli Aragonesi nel 1324, e Terranova (Olbia). Anche Sassari e Porto Torres furono investite da flussi migratori prima pisani e poi liguri.

Le aree della Sardegna maggiormente influenzate da Genova furono il Sassarese, la Nurra e il Logudoro dove, per volere dei Doria, vennero fondate Alghero e Castelgenovese (l'attuale Castelsardo), mentre Sassari venne dichiarata comune confederato a Genova.

Catalani e Spagnoli

Anche nel periodo di presenza aragonese-spagnola, durata quasi quattro secoli, ci fu un flusso migratorio verso l'Isola. Come d'altra parte nella preistoria, fu alimentato da iberici e venne ritenuto necessario per consolidare il dominio sulla Sardegna. Sicuramente queste popolazioni provenivano dal regno di Aragona (e non tanto dal regno di Castiglia), come avvenne nel 1354 per la popolazione di Alghero la quale, essendosi ribellata al re di Aragona (Pietro il Cerimonioso) ed essendo filo-genovese, venne sostituita con popolazioni provenienti dalle Baleari, dall'Aragona e dalla Catalogna.

Anche la città di Cagliari, dopo la conquista aragonese e la conseguente espulsione dei pisani residenti (giugno 1326), fu ripopolata da coloni catalani e valenzani; le antiche vie della Càller (Cagliari) catalano-aragonese richiamavano il luogo d'origine dei nuovi popolatori: Carrer de Barchinona, Carrer de Lleyda, Carrer de Gerona, Carrer de Valencia ecc. Per secoli ai sardi fu vietato sostare nel Castello (il quartiere dei governanti e degli aristocratici) dopo il suono del corno al tramonto, e l'infrazione commessa veniva pagata con la vita: chi non si apprestava subito alle uscite e veniva trovato ancora all'interno della rocca, veniva catturato e buttato fuori dalle alte mura, giù negli strapiombi.

Durante il XVI e il XVII secolo in città (capitale del Regno dal 1324), oltre a iberici e sardi, erano presenti varie comunità provenienti da nazioni straniere con le quali vi erano stretti rapporti di natura politica e commerciale; tra le comunità più importanti si possono citare quella dei genovesi (la cui presenza è testimoniata dall'Arciconfraternita dei Genovesi, tutt'oggi esistente), che si occupava principalmente delle attività portuali e mercantili, e la comunità dei siciliani che faceva capo alla chiesa di Santa Rosalia; si ha inoltre notizia della presenza di toscani, campani, marmorari lombardi, liutai tedeschi, medici e chirurghi francesi etc.. Anche agli stranieri, come ai sardi, era proibito dimorare nel Castello, per cui le loro abitazioni erano concentrate soprattutto nel quartiere della Marina.

Nel mentre, la città di Sassari aveva subito un tentativo di ripopolamento analogo a quello di Alghero e Cagliari, quando il 25 agosto del 1330 parte degli abitanti, nuovamente rivoltatisi contro la corona d'Aragona, furono cacciati fuori le mura e sostituiti con elementi iberici e sardi di provata fedeltà.

L'impronta spagnola è ancora visibile in tutta la Sardegna, sia negli usi sia nei costumi, ma anche nella lingua e nel patrimonio ereditario dei Sardi.

I Corsi

La presenza di frequenti contatti e movimenti tra la Sardegna e la Corsica è attestata dai ritrovamenti, in quest'ultima isola, di ossidiana proveniente dalla zona del Monte Arci. Nel III millennio a.C., la civiltà megalitica della Cultura di Arzachena nella Gallura settentrionale si estese a tutta la Corsica del sud, per poi fondersi con la civiltà nuragica che edificò torri anche in Corsica.

Ancora in epoca romana è attestata dalle fonti la presenza stabile di popolazioni autoctone definite "corse" nella Gallura interna. In quel periodo le popolazioni della Gallura e del Sud della Corsica rappresentavano un continuum etnico e culturale.

Un importante e documentato flusso migratorio dalla vicina isola verso l'intera Sardegna si verificò invece nel Medioevo già nel periodo giudicale, durante il quale sono attestati i primi cognomi corsi fino all'area cagliaritana. Questo fenomeno si accentuò continuativamente dal XIV al XVIII secolo, con l'insediamento di un notevole numero di famiglie corse (ormai indelebilmente segnate dall'influsso toscano a seguito del dominio pisano) in Gallura, nella arcipelago della Maddalena, nel Sassarese e nell'Anglona.

In Gallura, a seguito dello spopolamento della regione per varie epidemie e dell'abbandono delle coste per le incursioni piratesche degli Arabi, l'elemento corso divenne prevalente in gran parte del territorio, riappropriandosi dell'originale specificità gallurese ed evidenziandola sia negli usi che nei costumi, ma anche con una maggior diffusione della lingua gallurese.

L'elemento corso ha lasciato inoltre ampie tracce a Sassari - abitata in maggioranza da corsi nel XVI e XVII secolo - e a Castelsardo (popolata prevalentemente da individui originari della Corsica già dai primi secoli della sua storia, tanto che ancora oggi la lingua locale è di matrice còrsa e presenta notevolissimi punti di comunanza con il gallurese e il corso) e tracce minori (influenze lessicali e fonetiche) nelle regioni dell'Anglona e del Logudoro settentrionale.

Liguri e Piemontesi

Nel XVIII secolo, arrivarono altre popolazioni e precisamente sull'isola deserta di San Pietro, ripopolata da Liguri provenienti da Tabarka, un'isoletta vicino alla Crumiria, in Tunisia: questi fondarono poi Carloforte.

Popolazioni piemontesi e ancora liguri arrivarono a Sant'Antioco, a Calasetta, a La Maddalena. Sempre in quel pediodo ci fu anche un tentativo di insediare nella Planargia di Bosa, nella località di Villa San Cristoforo dei Salti di Montresta, alcuni emigrati greci provenienti dalla vicina Corsica, senza grande successo.

Pescatori liguri di Camogli si stabilirono durante il XIX secolo nella Nurra e all'Asinara, contribuendo alla nascita di Stintino.

Epoca contemporanea

Nella Sardegna mineraria del XIX secolo

Nel XIX secolo, il riassetto degli impianti minerari sardi attirò nell'isola numerosi lavoratori forestieri e diede un impulso al rinnovamento sociale, economico e culturale della Sardegna. Inizialmente, a causa della carenza di tecnici specializzati e di manodopera, questo riassetto fu organizzato da maestranze straniere. Già nel 1848 un primo gruppo di operai austriaci provenienti dalla Stiria, sotto la guida dell'ingegnere ungherese Giulio Keller, aveva riattivato la miniera di Montevecchio presso Guspini, mentre la miniera di Ingurtosu fu rimessa a regime da un altro gruppo di capi-minatori tedeschi della scuola di Friburgo guidati dall'ingegnere tedesco George Bornemann.

Nel mentre presero vigore i flussi migratori di lavoratori, provenienti principalmente dal nord Italia; infatti, dalla metà dell'Ottocento fino al decennio 1870-1880, nelle miniere sarde circa i 2/3 dei minatori e degli operai specializzati adibiti alle miniere erano di origine peninsulare: i più numerosi erano i piemontesi, provenienti in maggioranza dal Canavese, e i lombardi, in particolare del Bergamasco; cospicua era inoltre la presenza dei toscani e dei romagnoli. I lavoratori continentali venivano favoriti rispetto ai sardi, in quanto i primi sarebbero stati ritenuti più resistenti alla fatica, come scrisse l'ingegnere del regio corpo delle miniere Eugenio Marchese:

Le comunità dei minatori "continentali" si stabilirono soprattutto (e in parte definitivamente) nell'Iglesiente dove nel 1882, secondo un rapporto dell'ingegnere francese Leon Gouin, risiedevano 9.780 minatori (6.229 sardi e 3.571 forestieri) su una popolazione totale di poco inferiore ai 30.000 abitanti, ma anche nel Sarrabus e nella Nurra, nel sito dell'Argentiera. Nei primi decenni del Novecento i sardi divennero la maggioranza in tutte le miniere isolane, tuttavia i minatori peninsulari formavano ancora un nucleo numeroso. La rinata attività mineraria ridiede slancio anche alla città di Cagliari, che attirò molti immigrati dalla penisola e dalla Svizzera, in particolare imprenditori e commercianti.

Campani e Siciliani

Alla fine del XIX secolo sorsero nuovi insediamenti, con la migrazione di pescatori campani (provenienti da Ponza e Torre del Greco) e siciliani, che si stabilirono nei centri marinari della costa sud orientale e a La Maddalena e Santa Lucia di Siniscola.

Durante il Ventennio

Nel ventennio fascista all'interno di un ampio programma di opere pubbliche furono inseriti dei progetti di bonifica. I piani prevedevano di bonificare ed infrastrutturare delle zone incolte e afflitte dalla malaria.  A questo scopo furono create delle aziende coloniche..
Per cui nelle bonifiche dell'oristanese e nella zona di Alghero furono insediate alcune popolazioni della Pianura Padana che nel 1928 fondarono Mussolinia, in seguito rinominata Arborea e nel 1933 Fertilia.

Fu fondato anche il centro minerario di Carbonia, nel Sulcis (1938), dove vennero insediati numerosi minatori provenienti, oltre che da varie parti dell'isola, principalmente da diverse regioni d'Italia in particolare dal Veneto, Marche, Abruzzo, Basilicata e Sicilia.

Dal dopoguerra ad oggi
Il primo importante flusso migratorio del dopoguerra nell'isola fu quello del 1946 quando, scampati all'epurazione etnica perpetrata in Dalmazia e nell'Istria, furono sistemati un gruppo di esuli Giuliano-Dalmati. In attuazione di un programma alloggiativo dell'Opera Profughi, a Fertilia, nella Nurra, trovarono sistemazione oltre 600 profughi..

In seguito il flusso fu in maggioranza costituito da lavoratori specializzati provenienti da varie regioni, da segnalare anche l'arrivo di famiglie italo-tunisine che si stanziarano nel comune di Castiadas.

Negli ultimi anni sono giunti nuovi immigrati provenienti in particolare dall'Europa centro-orientale, dall'Asia e dall'Africa. Un dato rilevante è quello relativo alle rimesse degli immigrati, cioè il denaro che i lavoratori extracomunitari spediscono dall'Italia ai loro paesi d'origine, che nel 2009 ha visto la Sardegna, fra tutte le regioni italiane, al quarto posto per il valore delle rimesse pro-capite. La popolazione straniera il 31-12-2016 ammontava a 50.346 persone, il 3% della popolazione totale sarda; le nazionalità di origine principali erano:

  13.955
  4.470
  4.319
  3.259
  2.391
  1.865
  1.599
  1.361

  1.198
  1.136
  1.113
  694
  669
  642
  621
  597

Note

Bibliografia
 Giovanni Ugas, L'alba dei Nuraghi, Cagliari, 2005.
 Manlio Brigaglia, Storia della Sardegna, Sassari, Soter Editore, 1995.
 Stefano Musso, Tra fabbrica e società: mondi operai nell'Italia del Novecento, Milano, Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, 1999.

Migrazioni umane
Cultura della Sardegna
Storia della Sardegna

ro:Sardinia#Fluxurile migratorii


Adaptive Server 15.0 introduces changes in utilities, commands, system tables, functions, stored procedures, reserved words, and monitoring tables.
Adaptive Server 15.0 supports changes to the bcp, dataserver, sqlsrvr, ddlgen, and preupgrade utilities.
Adaptive Server 15.0 supports new reserved words in support of scrollable cursors and XML services.
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Home Disney Entertainment A New Disney Broadway Musical Revival Arriving in 2021
A New Disney Broadway Musical Revival Arriving in 2021
Marisol White
The Disney Theatrical production company is in the works of bringing a fan favorite Broadway musical back to life on the big stage. Read on to learn more about the announcement.
Disney Broadway Musicals
Disney is no stranger to bringing animated films not only to the big screen but to the stage itself.
The Walt Disney Theatrical Production began in 1993. Their first production, Beauty and the Beast, opened in 1994 and their latest production, Frozen, opened in 2018.
Over the decades, Disney has produced a handful of Broadway hits such as Tarzan, Newsies, Aladdin, The Lion King, The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beauty to name a few.
I remember growing up when "The Lion King" was first brought to Broadway in Los Angeles.
As a high school student, I had hoped to see it firsthand, but unfortunately, due to my lack of funds and tickets sales selling out so fast I was not able to.
My dream of seeing a Disney Broadway musical was fulfilled years later when my family enjoyed the musical "Aladdin" at the Pantages Theater in Los Angeles.
We have also been fortunate to have seen both the Aladdin and Frozen musical presentations at the Hyperion Theater at Disney California Adventures Park.
26 years ago this April marked the birth of Disney's first Broadway production, Beauty and the Beast.
The show currently holds the ninth-longest run in Broadway history at 5,461 performances.
It ran until July 29, 2007 at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre. Another Disney production, The Little Mermaid, followed after it.
iN celebratION OF the 25th Anniversary, AN announcEMENT SHARED thE revival of the popular musical production.
Screenwriter Linda Woolverston, who wrote the Broadway's inspiration musical, revealed that she's working with the original team on the new stage production.
The new stage production of Beauty and the Beast will be opening in the United Kingdom in 2021.
Tickets will go on sale later this fall. However, fans of the musical can sign up to receive alerts on the show's official website.
At this time fans will have to catch a flight to the United Kingdom to watch the musical, as at the moment there is no official release of a potential debut in the United States.
However, you will find a version of the live action "Beauty on the Beast" while sailing on the Disney Cruise's the Dream. Luckily, back in April, Disney Cruise Line shared a virtual viewing online. You can learn more about it here.
Have you ever watched a Disney Broadway musical? Are you hoping Beauty and the Beast comes to the United States? Let us know in the comments on Facebook and in our Facebook group.
-Marisol White