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Next-Door Nature
tales from the wild metropolis
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Americans throw out 34 million tons of food each year—an average of 93 thousand tons per day, and some experts estimate the amount triples on Thanksgiving and Christmas. Food for thought, while making another trip to the garbage can following our national day of feasting. Waste not, want not… so the proverb goes. But does anything digestible really ever go to waste? Only if you think food is wasted when humans don't consume it.
We live on a planet where, if someone can eat it, bet your bottom dollar someone does eat it. Within a biotic community there are three basic trophic (feeding) levels: producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers transform energy from the Sun into sugar (i.e. food)—that's the work of green plants. Primary consumers eat the plants, secondary or tertiary consumers eat the animals that eat the plants. Decomposers transform both dead plants and animals back into their abiotic components (e.g., water, nitrogen, CO2). All three groups work together to create food, move it through the community, and return the abiotics back to the environment for another trip through the system.
Food travels through the community in food chains and food webs. A food chain is a simplistic model, a subset, for illustrating the relationship between a community's trophic levels. For example:
Sun > violets > caterpillars > black-capped vireo > sharp-shinned hawk > black vulture > bacteria
The food web is a more realistic and complex model of the relationship between members of the biotic community. It takes into consideration the fact that most consumers eat more than one thing—vireos don't just eat caterpillars, they eat a variety of insects, insect larvae, and spiders; sharp-shinned hawks eat all kinds of songbirds, plus some small mammals, and an occasional large insect; black vultures will eat almost any kind of meat, although they seem to prefer it well "aged." A species can, and usually does, belong to more than one chain within the web. Very little is wasted, and everything that lives eventually takes a turn at eating and being eaten (with the exception of modern humans in the "developed" world, primarily due to our funereal laws and customs).
A large portion of the human population may have disentangled themselves from food webs, but we remain an indirect source of nutrition for many non-human animals, and not just those we feed intentionally, such as our companion animals and livestock. Easy access to consistently plentiful human-produced food waste is a primary reason behind the success of many wild species in urban and suburban habitats. Garbage is also one of the main sources of conflict between wildlife and humans. This is due, largely, to the fact that—and I'm sorry, but I don't know how else to say this—the human race has some definite control issues when it comes to food.
The concept of owning food seems to be uniquely human, as is the idea that we should be able to stipulate who gets access to calories that we think of as "ours," including future-food (crops and livestock), faux-food (from Petco or Wild Birds Unlimited), and former-food (garbage).
Skeptical? How many times have you heard a bird-feeding acquaintance complain when squirrels invite themselves to dinner? Or even when the wrong kind of bird drops in for a snack? How about the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), which spends millions of dollars annually on research and other efforts to reduce or eliminate wild species that like to avail themselves to a helping of the harvest? Consider, also, the time, money, and energy spent trying to keep wild creatures out of garbage cans and dumpsters, so their contents can be transported to the landfill and buried to prevent other non-humans from turning it into a meal.
Of course, there are valid reasons for managing food waste, including aesthetics and hygiene. Garbage stinks, and no one wants to live in the middle of a kitchen midden. You may be willing to share your cast off cuisine with resourceful furred and feathered recyclers, but human neighbors tend to be less than forgiving about garbage-strewn lawns. Picking chicken bones and greasy bits of aluminum foil out of the Zoysia grass isn't all that fun; even less so when you're running late for work. It's mornings like these when homeowners begin to formulate battle plans.
It's a war we'll never win. At its core, this is a first-come-first-serve, finders- keepers-losers-weepers kind of world, especially when it comes to food. Sure, a brief détente may be achieved through an exclusion technology arms race. Some may even seek vigilante justice against an individual opossum or raccoon, a flock of seagulls or crows.
Victory will be short-lived. There will always be more where those came from because our leftovers are the raw materials from which the next generation of wild dumpster divers are created. Urban wildlife are adaptive, creative, resourceful, and fecund. They are adept exploiters of the humans with whom they live.
Still, in most ways it's a symbiotic relationship. They take the food we no longer want and, in exchange, add to our quality of life in ways that are easy to recognize and hard to measure. Moreover, by refusing to accept that we are masters of the universe they keep us humble. And for that, I am thankful.
Life is better with Next-Life is better with Next-Door Nature—click the "subscribe" link in the lower left-hand corner of the footer and receive notifications of new posts! Have a question about wildlife and other next-door nature? Send me an email and the answer may turn up as a future blog post.
© 2011 Next-Door Nature—no reprints without written permission from the author. Thanks to the following photographers for making their work available for use through a Creative Commons license: Zeetz Jones, Rémi Lanvin, Jerry Oldenettel, and Gary Oppenheim.
Kieran Lindsey
writer, artist, wildlife biologist, virtual academic, disruptive outlier
backyard wildlife, behavior, Biology, birds, food chains, food webs, herring gulls, hidden nature, hidden wilderness, hidden wildlife, human-wildlife conflict, mammals, natural history, Nature, opossums, postaweek2011, raccoons, red squirrels, suburban wildlife, trophic levels, urban wildlife, watchable wildlife, wildlife
4 thoughts on "Leftovers"
In Portland, Oregon, we just started a new program of putting all food waste in with weekly yard debris pick up. Many of us compost with worms everything we can, but this allows say the turkey parts we didn't eat to get composted in with yard debris…
nextdoornature
What a GREAT idea! I love Portland–the community always seems to be on the cutting edge, whether it's public transportation, sprawl reduction, and now composting food waste. It all makes for a very livable city. This is an idea that needs to be shared with city planners everywhere!
Crowing Crone Joss
oh, we've been doing that – yard waste and food waste together, in Nova Scotia for a long time. I have my own compost pile here on the property but in winter, i must confess to being lazy and using the green bin providing by the county instead – it then gets turned into compost and offered free to members of the community each year. it's pretty much a win / win situation.
barb19
I love the way you describe what happens to our leftovers, and you are so right.
What Tricia says about Portland, Oregon, is a brilliant idea and keeps everyone happy and healthy.
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An event for Jewish young people from 14 to 19.
Your chance to have your say on issues affecting you.
This event will also offer some practical guidance on what to do if your friends are in distress and ehere to go for help.
For further details email mentalhealth@jewishmanchester.org or text us on 07729 266 380.


There's nothing like Opening Day. Rejuvenated players, high expectations, optimism, and in the Giants' case….the flu and snow. Not usually a good combination, unless you like getting pneumonia.
Debilitated by the flu, Giants' ace Madison Bumgarner was forced to battle through a blizzard, wind howling and snow pelting, fighting to lead the Giants to a 12-3 win over the Brewers on Opening Day.
Well sure, it was only snowing outside the dome, but Bumgarner's effort was valiant nonetheless, battling through that illness for five innings, just enough to pick up the win, giving up three runs in the process. He probably shouldn't have stayed in that long — he was struggling to command the ball and worked up a high pitch count early.
The flu, or the early season jitters, or rustiness, or whatever you want to call it, left him in a mechanical funk in the first few innings, in which he set a plethora of low water marks. He walked the bases loaded in the first and then gave up only the second bases-loaded walk of his career, and then in the second, gave up a homer to Scooter Gennett, who had never hit a homer against a lefty before. Ever. This wasn't just some early season stat shenanigans.
Another solo shot to Jonathan Villar later, Bumgarner found himself with three runs on the ledger after just 2+ innings. Then something clicked. Over Bumgarner's final three innings on the bump, he gave up just two hits, and struck out the side in the fifth to end his outing and earn some much-needed rest. Overall, ten baserunners in five innings isn't exactly ideal from your ace to open the season, but given the circumstances, it wasn't terrible.
Especially when he had the Giants' killer lineup behind him. After lighting up the Cactus League, the Giants picked up right where they left off, putting together a 15-hit effort to bail out Bumgarner.
New addition Denard Span looked perfectly comfortable on his new team, going 2 for 4 and leading the team with five RBI's, three of which came on a deep shot to right field to start off a string of back-to-back-to-back homers for the Giants. Joe Panik followed Span's lead with another solo shot to right, and on the next pitch, Buster Posey launched a homer to deep center field. This string helped Brewers' reliever Ariel Pena make the history books for the first time, becoming the first reliever to ever give up three home runs on Opening Day.
Every regular had a hit for the Giants — it was just one of those days. Matt Duffy had a big day of his own, going 2 for 5 with four RBI's, including the first two of the Giants' season on a line drive single in the second, plating Hunter Pence and Brandon Belt.
Four Giants' relievers combined to give up just three hits over the final four innings to slam the door for the Giants, with Josh Osich earning an impressive nine-run save.


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Kandace and Santos were married on a perfect Texas evening at St. Joseph's, a Catholic Church near Spring Branch, TX. Their reception followed at the beautiful Honey Creek Ranch just up the road. Their ceremony was a traditional Catholic ceremony, however, there was a unique part of the ceremony I've never seen before. The bridal party gathered around the bride and groom during the exchanging of the rings and first kiss. I love how intimate and personal it made the moment, surrounded by their closest friends, (even if I did have a brief moment of panic thinking, "how am I going to capture their kiss with the entire bridal party and priests standing between the couple and everyone else?!" Don't worry, I got creative!). As we finished formal portraits of the family and bridal party at the alter, the final touches were being finished at the reception.
The reception location was so beautiful with so many beautiful areas to photograph the bride and groom at, more than we even had time to shoot at. Kandace and Santos had their first dance followed by the mother/son and father/daughter dances and cake cutting. I still am so happy to be able to shoot in Texas, where most of my weddings have a groom's cake in addition to the traditional wedding cake. Two cakes? Uh, yes please. And in case you didn't notice, I am completely obsessed with Kandace's dress. The layers, the material, the everything. I've never seen a dress quite like it. The even proceeded with plenty of dancing, hilarious toasts given by the Maid of Honor and Best Man, and then even more dancing. A mariachi band, and more dancing. One of the guests completely owned the dance floor with Michael Jackson's song, Thriller, came on, and the planned Grand March got all the guests up and on their feet!
We ended the night with a sparkler exit for Kandace and Santos, and the beautiful couple were on their way to their honeymoon!


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Capitalism Coming Home To Roost
While capitalism is upheld by Western-European nations as the paradigm for economic fairness and efficiency, it conversely has a 400-year history of profiteering that traces to shameless enslavement and colonizing of non-European people by the same nations.
by EZRAH AHARONE Oct 24, 2011
Today, capitalism's tentacles of debauchery reach beyond the so-called "third world" to now roost among citizens within these very European nations, including America. Once fiscally robust, America is debt-addicted and job-starved, with near-bankrupt states and crippled infrastructures of roads, bridges, schools and airports.
In fed-up response, protesters of the Occupy Wall Street Movement (OWSM) are rightly ranting over capitalism's recent malfeasance. Yet, in broad-spectrum, it must be reckoned that the descendants of those who were once enslaved or colonized, comprise a majority of people who now live in poverty. The sum of Westernize capitalism – from its extirpations of yesterday to free-market enterprise today – has left trails of billions of impoverished non-European people all around the world wherever labor is performed, services are provided, and resources are located.
With Africa particularly, it is not coincidental that its currencies and economies are among the weakest in the world, while the currencies and economies of Western colonial nations are among the strongest, even though most lack comparable natural resources of the African states they colonized. Capitalist hegemony over Africa siphoned unknown trillions in labor and resources, upon which Western economies unfairly stand.
True, the OWSM cannot undo capitalism's ugly past. But the point is to stitch threads of commonality and continuity, given that capitalism did not suddenly get derailed by Bush or Obama; or by halos of immunity and tax havens for the rich; or by the cost of war adventurism in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya. The middle-class is certainly feeling capitalism's pitchfork more of late, but capitalism is no more depraved lately than at its inception. A main difference is that – yesterday, its parasitic forces usurped non-Europeans of sovereignty, territories, resources and freedom, while today, extensions of the same parasitic forces are coming home to roost by cannibalizing Americans of all ethnicities of jobs, savings, stocks, pensions, social programs, healthcare and homes.
Like African Americans, growing numbers of Euro-Americans have discovered that capitalism has nothing to do with "equality" nor is it "democratic." You don't vote on the overly-priced gas and oil for your car and home. You don't vote for who owns or commercializes natural resources. You don't vote on mortgage or bank interest rates or the elasticity of money supply regulated by the Federal Reserve . . . There's no such thing as equality or democracy in the Western format of capitalism.
As such, the current 16.7% unemployment rate for Blacks more than doubles the 8% for Whites, and Blacks lag in every major index of economics. It's interesting that 8% would be long-awaited relief to African Americans.
Conversely, 8% is so insufferable to Euro-Americans that it has sparked the OWSM to condemn "certain aspects" of capitalism. But at core, US capitalism is fueled by consumption, which is fueled by credit, which is fueled by the very financial institutions that lie at the heart of the protests. Besides, be it Bush or Obama, both parties are corporate manifestations. America operates a de-facto plutocratic style of governance, where insiders make "contributions" with known intents for favoritism to influence policymaking and party platforms.
With the 2012 election approaching and Obama empathizing with occupiers, the media is setting a stage for Tea Party vs. OWSM showdowns. Beyond partisan bickering however that blames the "other party" for America's woes, a definitive matter is that, America's economy is linked to centuries of international graft and gluttony from when Europeans ruled by overt brute force. But with fewer "banana republics," new Balances of Power are reshaping today's decolonized world and diminishing the once-sturdiness of Pax Americana (US political, economic, and military advantages).
The fluffy wording of the US constitution is one thing, but America's capitalistic wealth wasn't acquired by playing by the "democratic" rules it now wants to export to Africa and the Middle East. So as predatory capitalism is coming home to roost while Americans simultaneously cheer the downfall of "select" governments, Black America should be circumspect that we aren't in effect, cheering the latest mutation of the selfsame predatory forces of which we are historically among the greatest casualties.
EZRAH AHARONE
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It has been already 1 year since we open SWEET WORK and a year full of great experiences with all of you. To celebrate our 1st year together, we are going to offer some discounts on our most popular plan and also introducing 2 new memberships.
1. A group membership that offers a great value for people that like to cowork together.
2. A Short ticket pass for people that only need to cowork for short periods of time.
Please, have a look at the new price list and if you have any questions, feel free to ask Kayo-san or me. We hope that in our second-year SWEET WORK community grows and offer a great platform for everybody.
Thank you for being with us during this very 1st year and looking forward to a bright second-year.


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GEOSLAM CONNECT
FARO Technologies acquires GeoSLAM
Lake Mary, Fl, September 1, 2022 – FARO® Technologies, Inc. (Nasdaq: FARO), a global leader in 4D digital reality solutions, today announced the acquisition of UK-based GeoSLAM, a leading provider of mobile scanning solutions with proprietary high-productivity simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) software to create 3D models for use in Digital Twin applications. Founded in 2012, the addition of GeoSLAM is expected to significantly expand and accelerate FARO's market growth opportunity in the mobile scanning space.
"We are thrilled to add GeoSLAM's handheld 3D scanning technology to our portfolio of cutting-edge data capture solutions," said Michael Burger, FARO President and CEO. "FARO now offers the industry's broadest set of 4D data capture solutions, ranging from 3600 camera-based images to mobile scanning, to stationary high-accuracy laser scanning, allowing customers to balance the need for accuracy, speed and detail depending on the requirements. These capture technologies provide the foundation for our 4D digital reality-based SaaS offering that will ultimately allow customers to access multiple 4D data sources for visualization and analysis through a single user experience. We welcome the GeoSLAM team to our FARO family."
"Joining with FARO represents the next step in the growth of GeoSLAM and the establishment of mobile mapping as a driver for growth in the way businesses map and understand their spaces," added Andy Parr, GeoSLAM CEO. "Both companies share a vision of the importance of mobile scanning in the burgeoning digital reality capture market"
FARO Technologies acquires GeoSLAM2022-09-212022-09-21https://optron.com/geoslam/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/optron_banner.pngOPTRON (Pty) Ltd | GeoSLAMhttps://optron.com/geoslam/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/fargeo.jpg200px200px
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Hotel ICON in Hong Kong recently hosted Asia's 1st Future Vehicle Leaders Circle in collaboration with Charged Hong Kong.
The event was successfully held in this Eco-friendly hotel with a number of influential and key industry leaders participating in several panel discussions to exchange a wide range of EV topics. The venue itself is an icon in the industry for leading to reduce carbon footprint and was awarded with the CarbonCare Label. It is also the first hotel in Hong Kong to electrify their hotel fleet. Although the event focus was towards a feasible solution of deploying EV for the commercial sector, many of the topics are quite relevant to the entire EV community.
Richard Hatter, General Manager of Hotel ICON sharing their hotel's uphill battle experience to become the first hotel in HK to deploy an electric shuttle bus fleet.
Richard Hatter, General Manager of Hotel ICON kicked off the event with an introduction of this special hotel with a purpose, adding it is also a teaching hotel working with the industry to provide talent and innovative solutions. Some of the solutions include paperless check-in, ORCA system to turn waste food into water and the electrified hotel fleet including BMW i3, Tesla and an electric shuttle bus.
He also shared with the audience their uphill battle story when the hotel was trying find a solution to electrify their shuttle bus few years ago. It was not a walk in the park where they can go straight to a dealership to order a bus as no such vehicle type was available in a fully electric platform. At the same time they had to work with the transport department to apply for an appropriate license for such vehicle that does not exist.
In the end, they found a mainland Chinese manufacturer "WUZHOULONG MOTORS" to build a prototype that meets their seating capacity and range requirement. As expected, being a pioneer to run the first electric shuttle bus of its kind in Hong Kong road condition was not a smooth sailing.
In the beginning, the shuttle had to be frequently serviced until the manufacturer could iron out the issue of their prototype model. After nearly two years in operation the shuttle has now become one of the most reliable vehicle in its fleet and guest have been giving positive feedback with their emission-free ride. With the recent release of the second generation shuttle bus, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Hotel ICON owner and partner to its School of Hotel and Tourism Management) has purchased two new model for their campus use. The hotel effort has surely paid off, now with a complete fleet of practical and operational electrical transport fleet, along with it is an experience blueprint that other hotels can reference.
Advancement in the local EV market has been stalled after the removal of full waiver of the first registration tax at the end of March 2017. Sales numbers of EV have plummeted to double or even single digits from over hundreds per month. It was not until a year later a slight change in policy to offer a trade-in option that will allow current ICE vehicle owners to purchase a new EV with higher tax wavier topped at HKD250,000 (USD 32,000) but with the criteria that the ICE vehicle is at least 7 years old, it has been registered to the same owner for at least 3 years and must be scrapped from being road worthy again.
The change makes it possible for potential buyers with lower entry cost to driving an EV but at the same time prevent vehicle growth on already congested Hong Kong streets. Car owners have mixed feeling about this new scheme as they believe the topped HKD250,000 is still not attractive enough due to EV price is still higher than ICE counterpart in a similar category. The requirement to have the ICE vehicle registered to the same owner for at least for 3 years is also being questioned as this does not make sense to leave an exhaust pipe pumping out CO2 on the road for another 3 years.
Richard Hatter sharing Hotel ICON experience with EV deployment and financial benefits to their operation.
I had a chance to speak with some of the attendees and they were all very enthusiastic towards using an electric vehicle to support their business. The key factor to make a switch is the vehicle must meet its operational needs. Unlike private vehicles where the individual owner may have the luxury to spend extra 30 to 45mins to top up the battery, a commercial vehicle must be ready to move when needed.
Some operators had decided to continue to use or purchase pure ICE vehicle rather than hybrid or BEV for some obvious reasons. Many vehicles were not designed from scratch as an EV or hybrid so some of the storage space for luggage has been taken up by either the power-train or battery component. Other attendees from charging solution provider that I have spoken with, offer a number of great solution tailor for the local market or even a great fit for parking garage located in any densely populated urban area. One type of EVSE discussed is a ceiling type unit designed by Hong Kong Productivity Council (HKPC). It is well suited for parking space without adjacent or back wall to wall mount a EVSE unit. The idea is also space saving by keeping all power lines in the ceiling without having to dig out trenches on the ground.
At the end of the event, I felt the crowd shows positive outlook towards adapting to the EV platform but with a wait and see attitude. Even though commercial EV still enjoys 100% tax wavier, model selection is still limited in Hong Kong. As for sedan type EVs, it is categorized as a private vehicle so the tax wavier is minimal even if it's for commercial use.
Attendees from the industry also shared insights that foreign manufacturers are very keen to launch their EV platform products in Hong Kong but the lack of private and public charging infrastructure has kept from bringing them to the local market. Hong Kong is one of the most desirable locations to deploy EV solution but unclear government policy and outdated laws do not favor such Eco-friendly movement.
If the private sector, including foreign and domestic players, are willing to invest in this area, Hong Kong should make it easier to accommodate such industry and make the city to be a leading sustainable hub. The city already has many of the right ingredients to cook up a great menu of EV solutions but are we willing to push back any obstacles in becoming the next master chef in sustainable transport solution provider?


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Q: Java - Create anonymous Exception subclass with a certain name We're using Fabric / Crashlytics for sending non-crash issues to their servers and later checking out the logs and stacktraces.
Unfortunately, the Crashlytics API requires to use a different Exception subclass instance for different issue types. (In the iOS SDK, you can simply use a string for different issue types, but in the Android version, you can't).
public static void craslyticsRecordError(String issueType, String errorMsg)
{
    Exception e = new Exception(issueType + "-" + errorMsg);
    Crashlytics.logException(e);
}

Now we have quite a few different issue types, that we also dynamically define at runtime (build together from string parts). So the questions is, is it possible with some Java Vodoo / Hacks (reflection?) to create a subclass at runtime with a certain name (the name of the string that we use as the issue type) and create and instance from it.
Is this somehow possible?

I'm now fiddling with ByteBuddy, trying to get it to work - but I'm stuck at getting my dynamic class call the superclass constructor correctly. Also I'm not quite sure if I'm allowed to cast to Exception later on.

Thanks to Rafael Winterhalter I'm one step further into getting this thing to work ;) I've tried exactly the you provided:
public static void craslyticsRecordError(String issueType, String errorMsg)
{
    Class<? extends Exception> dynamicType = new ByteBuddy()
            .subclass(Exception.class)
            .name(issueType)
            .make()
            .load(Fabric.class.getClassLoader(), ClassLoadingStrategy.Default.WRAPPER)
            .getLoaded();
    try
    {
        Exception e = dynamicType.getConstructor(String.class).newInstance(errorMsg);

        GameLog.d("[Fabric] Inner Exception: " + e);
        Crashlytics.logException(e);
    }
    catch (Exception e1)
    {
        Exception e = new Exception(issueType + "-" + errorMsg);
        GameLog.d("[Fabric] ERROR ONE");
        Crashlytics.logException(e);
        e1.printStackTrace();
    }
}

and now I'm facing this runtime exception:
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.NoOpClassFileTransformer
     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ByteArrayClassLoader.<init>(ByteArrayClassLoader.java:136)
     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ByteArrayClassLoader.of(ByteArrayClassLoader.java:187)
     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ByteArrayClassLoader.load(ByteArrayClassLoader.java:212)
     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassLoadingStrategy$Default$WrappingDispatcher.load(ClassLoadingStrategy.java:285)
     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassLoadingStrategy$Default.load(ClassLoadingStrategy.java:120)
     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.TypeResolutionStrategy$Passive.initialize(TypeResolutionStrategy.java:79)
     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.DynamicType$Default$Unloaded.load(DynamicType.java:4376)
     at org.utils.Fabric.craslyticsRecordError(Fabric.java:47)
     at android.os.MessageQueue.nativePollOnce(Native Method)
     at android.os.MessageQueue.next(MessageQueue.java:323)
     at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:143)
     at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7224)
     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1230)
     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1120)

After now using this Android-specific code:
Class<? extends Exception> dynamicType = new ByteBuddy()
        .subclass(Exception.class)
        .name(issueType)
        .make()
        .load(Fabric.class.getClassLoader(), AndroidClassLoadingStrategy.Default.WRAPPER)
        .getLoaded();

and using the Android-specific gradle compile line:
compile 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-android:1.7.3'

I'm still facing the same runtime Exception as before.

A: By default, Byte Buddy copies the constructors of its super class. In your case, it copies all Exception constructors and you can generate an exception like this:
Class<? extends Exception> dynamicType = new ByteBuddy()
  .subclass(Exception.class)
  .name(issueType)
  .make()
  .load(Fabric.class.getClassLoader(), ClassLoadingStrategy.Default.WRAPPER)
  .getLoaded();

 Exception e = dynamicType.getConstructor(String.class).newInstance(errorMsg);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


At the end of the Fifteenth century in "Contrada dei Lomellini" (now Via Incoronata) there was a house of ill fame. An image of the Virgin Mother was frescoed on its facade.
Brawls, duels, quarrels, in which drunks and prostitutes were involved, happened every day. During one of these brawls, according to the legend in September 1487, the image of the Virgin Mother began to cryand invited the people who were present to build a church dedicated to her in that very place.
The town Government, whose intention was to close that house of ill fame, took the advantage and demolished it. Then they called an architect from Lodi named Giovanni Battaggio, formerly one of Bramante's pupils, to realise the project of the church.
The first stone was laid on May 29th, 1488, but after about an year Battaggio had a quarrel with the purchasers and broke the contract.
Battaglio had been then replaced by two engeneers, Giangiacomo Dolcebuono and Lazzaro Palazzi, who following the original drawing and went on with the church construction and finished it in 1493.
On January 30th, 1494, with a solemn ceremony, attended by all civil and religius authorities, the fresco of the Virgin Mother was put on the high altar in a wooden frame made by the Lupi brothers. (This frame is now kept in the Castello Sforzesco Museum in Milan).
The belfry was built following Dolcebono's drawing between 1501 and 1503 and in 1540 the floor, previously made of wood, was replaced with a marble one made by Cristoforo Pedoni from Cremona. This operation lasted three years.
To decorate the inner part of the church, very famous artists and printers were employed, such as: Giovanni and Matteo Della Chiesa, who frescoed john the Baptist's chapel (these frescoes are presently in the civic museum) and Ambrogio da Fossano, called Bergognone, who frescoed the high altar chapel.
More considerable was the pictorial contribution of the Piazza family, at first with Albertino and Martino and then with Martino's son, Callisto, who worked for over thirty years, from 1529 on. In the Seventeenth century, the new Baroque art style was added to the Renaissance style of the church.
Francesco De Lemene, a poet and very influential character of the time, thought of having the choir built behind the hogh altar and so asked to the papal architect, Carlo Fontana, to project the apse and the new altar.
The impressive frescos above the choir had been carried out by Stefano Maria Lanzani, called "il Legnanino" and Andrea Lanzani, while the choir wooden stalls were made by Carlo Antonio Lanzani.
In this same period a new sacristy was built. It was bigger than the old one and furnished with superb cupboards made of walnut wood by Antonio Rotta. The last interventions which ended the decoration pharse, are of the first half of the Nineteenth century and gave the present appearance to this imposing church.
The previous stuccoes were replaced with eight frescoes made by Enrico Scuri from Bergamo.
Also the facade was modified by architect Afrodisio Truzzi, who created an open gallery with twin windows built above the arcade of the antrance.
The last important restorations, lasted six years and ended in 1995, gave back the original ancient manificence to the church.
Brawls, duels, quarrels, in which drunks and prostitutes were involved, happened every day. While one of these brawls was taking place, according to the legend in September 1487, the image of the Virgin Mother began to cryand invited the people who were present to build a church dedicated to her in that very place.
The town Government, whose intention was to close that house of ill fame, took the advantage and had it pulled down. Then they called an architect from Lodi named Giovanni Battaggio, formerly one of Bramante's pupils, to realise the project of the church.
To decorate the inner part of the church, very famous artists and printers were employed, such as: Giovanni and Matteo Della Chiesa, who frescoed john the Baptist's chapel (these frescoes are presently in the civic museum)nand Ambrogio da Fossano, called Bergognone, who frescoed the high altar chapel.
More considerable was the pictorial contribution of the Piazza family, at first with Albertino and Martino and then with Martino's son, Callisto, who worked for over thirty years,from 1529 on. In the Seventeenth century, the new baroque art style was added to the Renaissance style of the church.
The last important restorations, lasted six years and ended in 1995, gave the original ancient manificence back to the church.


The objective of health care is to provide higher quality, price-eefficient care using digital information alternate amongst healthcare suppliers and patients. Knowledge management helps knowledgeable choice-making. The objective of know-how is to have the right information at all times accessible on the right time. Achievement of those objectives requires facilitating electronic change of health info whereas preserving privateness and security, growing interoperable trade of information, and selling nationwide adoption of EHRs and private health information. College students who wish to turn out to be an APRN should take a considerably totally different academic observe than most public health college students. First, you need to earn a Bachelor's in Nursing and become a licensed RN. Then you will need to attend a graduate program that focuses on superior nursing training. Nonetheless, most nursing graduate programs would require that RNs first full a year or extra of medical work in sure specializations. Before you apply for graduate college, just be sure you meet these experience requirements.
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text:
I'm a freelance writer based in New York, as well as a life long horror film, metalhead, and geek. I enjoy collecting various geeky things including Blu-rays, comics, horror magazines, and toys. I also simply adore beautiful women and have ever since I was young.
Aside from the writing classes that I have taken, I am also a film graduate from Hunter College. Writing has been a love and a passion for me since I was a kid. I conduct interviews, reviews, previews, and reports on events or anything else, related to what I specialize in. Among the celebs I have interviewed are Rob Zombie, Debbie Rochon, Gianna Lynn, Kaylani Lei, Gianna Michaels, Adrenalynn, Asa Akira, Tera Patrick, Andy San Dimas, the Soska Twins (AKA Jen & Sylvia Soska, the Twisted Twins), Julia Ann, Bill Plymton, and many others. I have also covered events and conventions such as Exxxotica, Chiller, the Adult Entertainment Expo (AEE), Toy Fair, and written reviews for movies, DVDs, and Blu-rays for my blog and for other websites. Past sites that I have written for are: Gorezone.net, Altpornstar, Inked Angels, and X-Ratednews. I have also guest blogged for various horror blogs, as well having haven written/ writing for magazines. Currently, I am one of the contributors to http://horrorfreaknews.com/ (formerly known as Best-Horror-Movies.com ). My first ever published article was featured in Fangoria #307. It was an interview with Angelina Armani. You can always find links to the articles I have written for those sites, here.
I have also developed an interest in cosplaying myself. It began at a friend's Marvel Comics wedding where I was Punisher. Since then I've been doing at conventions like New York Comic Con and Wintercon. I keep trying to add more to my cosplay and hope to do more characters, as time passes.
Here is an example of some of my
My Exclusive Interview with Misti Dawn
My Interview with Adrenalynn from Last Year's Exxxotica NJ
Exclusive: 10 Questions for Draven Star
Hot Asian Girl of the Month: Tera Patrick (Special NYCC 2012 Edition)
Interview with the Beautiful Andy San Dimas at AEE 2013
The Twisted Twins Sylvia and Jen Soska Talk "American Mary"
http://themastergio.blogspot.com/2014/10/bill-plympton-and-julia-ann-on-their.html
http://themastergio.blogspot.com/2014/10/a-truly-epic-talk-with-twisted-twins.html
Chiller Theatre April 17, 2010
The Adventures Of Master Gio at eXXXotica [part 2]
Hanging Out at the Elegant Angel Booth AEE 2013
Asa Akira, Lexi Belle, & Tess Taylor/ TITS News!
Chanel Preston and Samantha Saint to Co-Host the 2014 AVN Awards
THE STEPFATHER (Shout! Factory) NTSC Region 1, Reviewed by Giovanni Deldio on March 2, 10
The Evil Dead (Anchor Bay) Reviewed by Giovanni Deldio on November 7, 2010
TRUE BLOOD The Complete First Season (HBO) NTSC Region 1, Reviewed by Giovanni Deldio on June 28, 09
THE WICKED (Wicked Pictures) NTSC Region 1, Reviewed by Giovanni Deldio on December 3, 2008
Pirates: Stagnetti's Revenge
Marilyn Manson- Guns, God, and Goverment: Live in L.A. (blu-ray)
Immortal- Live at Wacken 2007- The Seventh Date of Blashyrkh
A Preview of Lesbian Hitchiker vol. 6
A Preview of Lesbian Adventures Strep-On Specialists Vol. 5
Web Articles:
The 10 Best Sex Scenes in Horror Movies
The 10 Hottest Women to Ever Appear in a Horror Movie
The Women of Lucky McGee
Published articles:
Fangoria #307
You can also find me on the following accounts:
Facebook Words from the Master Page: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Words-from-the-Master-Master-Gio/116509541782265
Twitter: http://twitter.com/MasterGio
Tumblr: http://mastergio.tumblr.com/
Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/user/Headbangergio?feature=mhum
Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/mastergio
Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/mastergio/
Instagram: http://instagram.com/the_master_gio
LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/giovannideldio/
Letterboxd: http://letterboxd.com/MasterGio/
Horror Crush: Jill Jacobson
Horror Crush: Aubrey Plaza
India Summer Reigns as Girlsway's Girl of the Mont...


This Website has been developed solely for use in preparing and submitting qualifications and/or proposals in connection with the Norman Manley International Airport Project (the "Project"). Neither the Government of Jamaica nor any of its partners and/or consultants, make any representations (expressed or implied) or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein, or any other document made available to anyone in connection with the Project and shall have no liability for any representations contained herein or for omissions or errors in this Website or for any other written or oral communication transmitted to the recipient in the course of the recipient's evaluation of the Project.
In addition, the Government of Jamaica and their partners and consultants will not be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage whatsoever arising from or in connection with this Website. These entities will not be liable to reimburse or compensate the recipient for any costs or expenses incurred by the recipient in evaluating or acting upon this Website or otherwise in connection with the Project as contemplated herein.
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All information submitted are the sole property of DBJ for the use of the Government of Jamaica. While this information must be utilized within agencies of the Government of Jamaica as a necessary aspect of the established procurement process, DBJ will do all that is feasible or commercially viable to restrict access to your data and to prevent unauthorized use.
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We are always striving to find new ways to improve K2 products for our customers. As part of this effort, this technical bulletin details the new Cumulative Update release policy implemented for the K2 4.7 release.
What is a Cumulative Update?
As new code fixes are developed for the K2 4.7 release, cumulative updates will be created periodically to roll-up all available fixes.
No new features will be released in a cumulative update.
Customers must have an active maintenance agreement to receive a cumulative update.
This includes a single installer that will update all installed K2 4.7 components.
Cumulative updates must be installed on every machine (server or client).
Customers will be able to access these cumulative updates by opening a support ticket through regular K2 support channels.
Cumulative Updates are truly cumulative, so the latest released update will include all previously released code fixes on K2 4.7.
The End-of-Life support date for K2 4.7 does not change with each cumulative update release.
When will Cumulative Updates be released?
Cumulative Updates will be released periodically when enough critical code fixes are available. The first cumulative update, K2 4.7 February 2017 Cumulative Update, is now available. For more details on the code fixes available in this update, please see the Release Notes at KB001805.
How will I be notified about the latest releases?
When a cumulative update is released, the Release Notes detailing the code fixes will be published to http://help.k2.com. A News item will also be published. In order to be notified of the latest releases, subscribe to the News RSS feed. You will not receive a technical bulletin via email for each cumulative update, so be sure to subscribe to the RSS feed to be notified.
You can also subscribe to the Knowledge Center's RSS feed to be notified of all new content, including KB articles, release notes and white papers.
K2's latest support policies are described in more detail in the K2 Product Support and Release Strategy, located at http://help.k2.com/k2releasestrategy.
Please contact your K2 Account Manager should you have any specific questions.


Provide leadership in the safe and efficient execution of all maintenance activities necessary to support the Concentrating Division in maximizing plant and equipment availability and thus achieving all production targets for PTFI. The area of responsibility includes Mill Mechanical, Electrical/Instrumentation, Industrial Automation and Maintenance Planning Groups. The incumbent will ensure Industry Best Practice is applied in the execution of maintenance activities meeting all required industry and government standards. Successful implementation of the Concentrating Maintenance Transformation program is a key aspect of the role, transitioning from reactive to a majority proactive approach to maintenance in the division. The position will also be responsible for the implementation of a realistic and achievable succession plan along with an effective training program to support that plan.
1. Promote a pro-active safety culture within the Concentrating Maintenance Group positively contributing the Concentrating Divisions OH&S programs in the provision of a safe and healthy working environment.
2. Implement a culture of Continuous Improvement within the maintenance implementing Industry Best Practices utilizing the latest technologies as appropriate.
3. Work closely with the Reliability Centered Maintenance group to develop and execute long range strategies for successful RCM approaches and routes in Concentrating.
4. Liaison closely with the Operations and Technical Support Senior Managers on production strategies and shut down schedules which meet production targets and operating procedures.
5. Advise on and implement effective Process Control Strategies for all Concentrating ensuring that all plant and equipment perform at optimum capacities.
6. Support the implementation of company's Occupational Health and Safety policies and procedures thus supporting in the provision of a safe work environment for all employees.
7. Coach and mentor counterparts in implementing effective Personal Development Plans for each subordinate.
8. Advise Maintenance Managers in respective areas to determine maintenance task priorities and effective schedules for plant and equipment in their areas of responsibility.
9. Conduct regular monthly meetings with Senior Maintenance Staff for the purposes of communicating OH & S and maintenance issues.
10. Promote a harmonious work environment, which allows for open communication and encourages participation and positive contribution to the overall maintenance effort.
11. Liaise with counterparts and peers throughout FCX to share experiences and knowledge which may be common and promote improved practices and standards.
12. Advice Maintenance Managers to direct and control contractors and consultants to ensure company's requirements are met.
13. Advise Senior Management on the evaluation and development of potential employees from the maintenance department to help develop a future professional team.
14. Assist counterpart in managing an overall maintenance workforce of 800 full time employees plus over 250 contractors utilized at any time, while helping manage major contracts with service providers and strategic alliance partners.
Bachelor's degree or diploma in a relevant engineering discipline, such as Electrical/Mechanical/Industrial/Metallurgical Engineering, and/or with a minimum of twenty (20) years of experience in a concentrating environment.
At least ten (10) years of management and senior supervisory experience.
Systems/Process Strategies and Procedures (In-depth).
Concern for Safety and Environment.
Team Leadership (Build team effectiveness).
Willingness to work in a team environment.
High level communication and presentation skills.
Strong English skills, both oral and written.
Strong analytical and conceptual thinking skills.
Highly proactive and achievement oriented.
Highly focused toward satisfying customer requirements.
Strong supervisory and leadership skills.
Ability to work in a culturally diversified workforce.
Basic level of the Indonesian language in understanding and oral (preferable but not essential).


text:
New Music Now
30 Apr, 2019LIFETIME TO DEBUT FOLLOW UP SPECIAL SURVIVING R. KELLY: THE IMPACT WITH HOST SOLEDAD O'BRIEN ON MAY 4 Following the debut of the record-breaking premiere of Lifetime's Surviving R. Kelly this past January, the network will debut… Read More
30 Apr, 2019Listen To Disney Music Group's "Avengers: Endgame" Playlist On Streaming Services As Marvel Studios' Avengers Endgame continues to break box office records around the world, we are happy… Read More
24 Apr, 2019SONY MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT NAMES SYLVIA RHONE CHAIRMAN AND CEO OF EPIC RECORDS Sony Music Entertainment recently announced the promotion of Sylvia Rhone to Chairman and CEO of Epic Records. In… Read More
24 Apr, 2019ANDERSON .PAAK ANNOUNCES FIRST EVER HEADLINING SHOW AT THE FORUM IN LOS ANGELES JUNE 29TH +UPCOMING TOUR On the heels of a #4 debut on the Billboard Top 200 for his latest album Ventura… Read More
Indie Artist Spotlight
Clizbeats.com/
New Music Now: (Tori Kelly, Carly Rae Jepsen, Rihanna, Big Sean, Iggy Azalea)
16 Mar, 2015 matt Articles, New Music Now
Welcome To Clizbeats,com's Pilot Episode Of "New Music Now" On the first episode we talk about mew songs from Tori Kelly, Carly Rae Jepsen, Rihanna, Big Sean, and Iggy Azalea. We tell the stories behind all the new music from theses artists and tell you why we are so excited about them. Please help us out by liking and subscribing to our channel here.
Tori Kelly "Nobody Love" (Capitol Records)
Carly Rae Jepsen "I Really Like You" (Schoolboy/Interscope Records)
Rihanna "Towards The Sun" (Westbury Road/Roc Nation/Def Jam Recordings)
Big Sean Featuring John Legend And Kanye West "One Man Can Change The World" (G.O.O.D. Music/Def Jam Recordings)
Iggy Azalea Featuring Jennifer Hudson "Trouble" (Def Jam Recordings)
Clizbeats Productions' Video Credits
Director: Craig Clizbe
Host: Matt Clizbe
Written and Produced By Craig Clizbe And Matt Clizbe
Edited By Alejandro Londono And Craig Clizbe
Intro Music By Tony Chen
Tags: Alejandro Londono, and Iggy Azalea, Big Sean, Capitol Records, Carly Rae Jepsen, Craig Clizbe, Def Jam Recordings, Featured, G.O.O.D. Music/Def Jam Recordings, I Really Like You, IGGY AZALEA, Interscope Records, Jennifer Hudson, Matt Clizbe, Nobody Love, One Man Can Change The World, Rihanna, Roc Nation, Schoolboy Records, Tori Kelly, Towards The Sun, Westbury Road
#ThrowbackThursday: From "Rocketman" To "Iron Man" The Story Of "I Want Love" By Elton John
Katy Perry Returns With First New Solo song since 2017
#ThrowbackThursday "A Whole New World" (From Disney's "Aladdin")
#ThrowbackThursday: Remembering Melvin Edmonds of After 7
Artist Of The Month: Jonas Brothers (2019 Version)
-Courtesy Of Jonas Brothers Recording LLC/Republic Records… Read More
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Check Out Our Newest Hot List Pick
Chris Brown Is Headed To Jail!
UPDATE FROM MARCH 18, 2014 TMZ has… Read More
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By: Smashley Nicole. This week has been… Read More
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[…] http://clizbeats.com/lukas-graham-to-release-self-titled-u-s-debut-march-25-on-warner-bros-records-5… […] Read More
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text:
Big Bang (1973)
Severo Sarduy
Cuban émigré Severo Sarduy (1937-1993) is one of the most daring and brilliant writers of the 20th century. By the publication of Big Bang, Sarduy had become director of the Latin American collection of Editions du Seuil, a regular contributor to the influential Tel Quel magazine, and an important theoretician of the neo-baroque. /ubu is excited to reintroduce this resplendent cosmological poetry cycle in the original bilingual version printed by Fata Morgana in 1973. Sarduy's interest in cosmology stems from a Foucauldian attention to shifts in the cosmological episteme made explicit by formal aspects of literature and the arts. Just as the development of the baroque ellipse was born of the confrontation of Kepler's elliptical orbit with Galileo's circular order in the 17th century, the modern theory of the expanding universe (in 1973, rooted in the discovery of the cosmic microwave background) introduces the polymorphic and movable center essential to modern literature. The theory of the empty center, the topology of the empty center, is going to reverberate in literature exactly as the theory of the ellipse resounded at a certain moment in the structure of the Gorgorine metaphor. Hijacking astronomical argot from "white dwarves" to "red giants," Big Bang explodes from this empty center with an elliptic circumscription of parodic pseudo-charts and de-functionalized cosmological notions. The unique arc of Sarduy's radial phenotext does not lead us to a pure and simple meaning, but rather, through a series of ellipses, of zig-zags, of détours, carries with it only a floating signifier—empty and polyvalent.


text:
Q: Allow only one decimal point in EditText I'm trying to add an InputFilter to my EditText which must allow only integers or decimal numbers with only one decimal point.
Accepted input must be:
1 - 12 - 3.33 - 4.20 etc.

Refused:
.0 - 5. - 5.5.5 - 40.21.1 etc.

I've created a custom InputFilter which check if the input match following RegExp ^\d+(\.\d+)?$
But instead EditText always shows an empty string, in debug "spanned" is always empty while by default the EditText has a starting value.
Filter:
public class DecimalDigitsFilter implements InputFilter {
    @Override
    public CharSequence filter(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i1, Spanned spanned, int i2, int i3) {
        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^\\d+(\\.\\d+)?$");
        Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(spanned);
        if (!matcher.matches()){
            return "";
        }
        return null;
    }
}

Activity:
quantita.setFilters(new InputFilter[] {new DecimalDigitsFilter()});

A: You need to run the matcher against the actual text in the EditText:
public class DecimalDigitsFilter implements InputFilter {
    @Override
    public CharSequence filter(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i1, Spanned spanned, int i2, int i3) {
        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^\\d+(\\.\\d+)?$");
        Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(spanned.getText());
        if (!matcher.matches()){
            return "";
        }

        return null;
    }
}

A: I had to move mo logics in TextChangedListener as in InputFilter i wasn't able to get the whole string where to check my RegExp.
Furthermore i had even to change my RegExp a bit like this ^\d+(\.([\d+]+)?)?$ i had to set values after decimal point as optionable else the .matches() was going to fail every time i was writing a decimal point.
So the final code looks like this:
quantita.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() {
    @Override
    public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i1, int i2) {

    }

    @Override
    public void onTextChanged(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i1, int i2) {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterTextChanged(Editable editable) {
        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^\\d+(\\.([\\d+]+)?)?$");
        Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(quantita.getText().toString());
        if (!matcher.matches()){
            quantita.setText("");
        }
    }
});


Here at Full Skills Exam Prep, we only have one goal: for you to become a member of the ICCRC.
As such, we have teamed up with some of the best institutions in Canada to help you get on the right path to becoming a Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant and a member of the ICCRC.
IELTS Academic is an approved test for proof of language ability when becoming an RCIC.
With more than 25 testing locations across Canada and one central website for finding one near you, IDP IELTS provides a convenient test-finding process not only for you, but also for your future clients.
IDP IELTS proudly supports RCICs by providing complimentary services such as supplying physical information handouts and location listings, professional development seminars, client presentations and more. IDP IELTS can also help your clients with complimentary resources such as candidate Masterclass seminars and downloadable preparation materials.
Visit ieltscanadatest.com for test information or contact Mishal Eshai at mishal.eshai@idp.com to discuss your needs and those of your clients.
Scotiabank is focused on helping RCICs succeed in launching their new business!
Once you pass your ICCRC Full Skills Exam, Sante Tesolin and his team are excited to help you take the next step of organizing your business/client account and also to help you make sure your business plan is perfect.
With branches all over Canada, Scotiabank is a great choice to help you organize your business. With branches all over the world, your clients will be able to easily organize their banking before they arrive to Canada.
Be sure to visit scotiabank.com to explore your banking options and send Sante an email at sante.tesolin@scotiabank.com to make sure you start your business with the right banking tools!
Once you pass the ICCRC Full Skills Exam and become an RCIC, many of your clients are going to need help to make sure that they get the highest score possible in their IELTS exam.
If you like our teaching style to help you pass the ICCRC Exam, you know that your clients are in good hands if you recommend our IELTS exam preparation services to them.
Here is a link outlining partnership opportunities (with commission for referrals!) from English Exam Prep!
After you pass your ICCRC Full Skills Exam and become an RCIC, you will need 16 CPD hours to be completed every year.
We're here to help! If you enjoyed our video lessons and seminars, you'll be happy to know that we are offering CPD events throughout the year to help you build the foundation of your knowledge as new RCICs!
We offer a bundle every year that is focused on what you, as new consultants, need to know about immigration in practice! Be sure to visit www.rciccpd.ca for more details!
Integra Canadian Immigration Services is one of the leading Canadian companies in helping people come to Canada either temporarily or permanently.
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On March 17th, 2017, Korynn got a message on Match that simply said, "Hey, how are you?" After returning the question, Crunktitan27 said, "I am just relaxing after a week with my third graders." she eagerly explained that she was also a third-grade teacher! The rest was history. They talked on Match for one weekend and their messages turned into emails, the emails turned into text messages, and then the messages turned into their first date two weeks later. Korynn lives in Lancaster and Preze lives in Maryland so he planned a sweet date that met right in the middle. They saw a movie, shared a drink at Starbucks, and enjoyed dinner at Preze's favorite restaurant. After dinner, they spent another two hours talking about who they are and their hopes for the future.
One of the most special parts of their relationship is that they're both third grade teachers. Ther dedicate the gifts God has given them to educate their students. They share lesson plans, teaching strategies, and create multiplication songs to help the kids learn their facts. Korynn teaches in a Title 1 school where most of her students live in poverty and carry a backpack full of trauma each day. Preze is her best encourager and supports her in and outside of the classroom. Outside of the classrooms, they just love to spend quality time together whether that's going shopping, taking a walk, starting a new Netflix series or visiting one of their favorite coffee shops.
When it came to the proposal, Preze told Korynn to bring something nice to wear for dinner he arranged on a Sunday evening during July in Maryland. After getting ready, she remembers waiting in the kitchen. He quickly told her to put her shoes on. Soon enough, she looked up and he asked her to come to this one special spot in his apartment where the sunlight shines through. At first, he pretended to propose, while opening up an empty box. However, before she knew it, he presented a beautiful box with Song of Solomon 3:4 etched in the glistening silver keepsake. He got on one knee, shared his love for Korynn through his words, and proposed. It was personal, yet sweet – exactly as Korynn had hoped. He took her to the restaurant where they had their first date to celebrate.
Korynn and Preze wanted golden sun photos at sunset but with weather and holiday timing challenges, they opted for a sunrise session. The day before the sunrise session was scheduled, there was a light dusting of snow on the ground. The snow with the amazing coral colors in the sunrise made this a pure magical engagement session. They then ventured into the City of Lancaster to capture some sweet coffee shop and rooftop photos.


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Imperialism - Recovery of France Scenario
Verrucosus
I hope someone remembers Imperialism, a turn-based strategy game about the industrial era released in 1997. I enjoyed playing the game a lot at the time. The economic system is relatively sophisticated and requires careful balancing, but all production is concentrated in a single city (the capital), so the game mechanism is quite different from the city-state-approach that is common to most games of the genre.
The standard game is played out on random maps with fictional countries, but there are three scenarios set in the (more or less) historical Europe of the 1800s. One of these scenarios has proved rather challenging to me and I have not finished it successfully either during my initial enthusiasm with the game or in my annual relapses. After more than eight years, I think I'm allowed to ask for help.
The scenario is called "Recovery of France". It starts in 1820 with France having no railroads and no navy at all and only a minimal army and merchant marine. About two years (each year comprising four turns) into the game, Britain inevitably (?) declares war.
Now, here is the dilemma:
- You have only a short timeframe in which you can safely trade for coal and iron (to turn fist into steel and then arms) on the world market. After the British navy shows up in the Channel your merchant ships are at risk whenever you buy resources abroad.
- Your domestic sources of coal and iron are limited and far from the capital. It takes about five years to get both of them connected and total production is limited to 4 steel units or 2 armaments per turn.
- The British will attempt naval landings. You cannot defend all coastal provinces, so you need to move your tiny army as soon as you see them establishing a new beachhead. You need to spend the first armaments produced to equip cavalry units that can move fast enough to arrive before the enemy. Once the British have taken a coastal province, they are very hard to dislodge.
- The construction of a credible navy takes a lot of time. Each Ship of the Line requires five armaments, so even after your arms production is in full gear, you can only build two of them every five turns. It takes very long to even get enough ships to escort your merchants.
- By the time you have a few escort ships assembled, other Great Powers will have become favourite trading partners of the minor countries that sell coal and iron, so you will hardly get any offers on the world market.
- Diplomatically, the other powers won't help you out. You can get alliances from everyone but Britain and Russia during the first few turns, but they will be broken when Britain declares war.
Most of this should be familiar to those who have played the scenario, but maybe they will notice aspects that I have missed or that they perceive differently. So far, my success has been limited to keep the British out and slowly build a navy that is strong enough to escort merchants, but not to defeat the British fleet until either Britain gains a diplomatic victory in 1835 or, shortly afterwards, the other Great Powers declare war as well.
I know this is a very specific question for a very old game, but maybe there is someone nostalgic enough to dig out his memories and talk about his approach to the 1820 scenario.
St Leo
King of Scenario League
Hmm. France in 1820 is quite a challenge. I tend to gravitate towards medium difficulty in my games, so I don't think I've ever won as it.
By the time you have a few escort ships assembled, other Great Powers will have become favourite trading partners of the minor countries that sell coal and iron, so you will hardly get any offers on the world market.
Even if you give discounts? With the 1.1 patch, ctrl-clicking on a minor sets the discount to the optimum needed to become the most favoured trading partner.
You cannot defend all coastal provinces, so you need to move your tiny army as soon as you see them establishing a new beachhead.
Save and reload in case they do succeeed? ^-^
or, shortly afterwards, the other Great Powers declare war as well.
On the graphs screen, how does your military compare to theirs? Great Powers like to declare war whenever they have you outnumbered on an individual level, I think.
Blog | Civ2 Scenario League | leo.petr at gmail.com
I've used moderate trade discounts (up to 25 %) with little success. Offering higher discounts would certainly get me more offers, but I couldn't keep that up financially for more than a few turns. The problem here is not just the increased cost of resources, but the loss of income from selling my goods. However, I agree that this is an area where more experimentation could be fruitful. Maybe I find a minor country where the other Great Powers quickly lose interest when they find that they have to outbid me.
Reloading ... well, I'd have to look up whether the initiative rules have a random factor. If not, I'd have to use a save from two turns earlier which would only be useful if the next target was predetermined at that time. This sounds awfully complicated, so I think I'll stay honest for the time being.
You are quite correct about the military strength chart. By 1835, I'm usually still in 6th place before the Ottoman Empire. The goal has to be to get more guns and ships on the board by that time, but that's where we get back to the scarcity of coal and iron.
Colon™
I didn't bother with it after a while. Sorry for boasting, but I was very good at game yet I found the challenge simply was too hard. I've succesfully played the Ottoman Empire in that scenario ("the sick man of Europe") but I couldn't do France.
I think it's very likely that the scenario wasn't thought out well and that the creator didn't consider that Britain would instantly attack France.
The AI is written to attack whenever the military balance is lopsided, also taking into account the military strength of the opponents allies and relations. The more lopsided the balance and the worse the relations, the more likely the attack and the less likely it is to make peace afterwards. Also, whenever a country is at war, and it suffers defeats, there's an increasingly high probability other countries declare war at the losing side. Finally, the AI will not ally with a country if its military is too weak compared to his, nor will it honour alliances if the military balance is too lopsided (unless relation are max).
If you take all these factors together and the mathematical impossibility to build a sufficiently large military to scare off Britain before it declares war, you'll find that it indeed is inevitable Britain declares war.
Now that I've done my job demoralizing you , the best option you probably have is firstly to annex or diplo-annex Belgium for resources. Can't remember if I diplo-annexed or not. If Belgium has several regular divisions it's probably best to diplo-annex so that take over their military but that of course requires valuable time and money.
Secondly, you'd want to build a fleet of frigates in order to block Britain's capital. The longer you block a countries main port, the more likely it will accept a peace proposal.
Thirdly, the iniative for a battle is based on the movement speed of the units you're sending in. If you send in cavalry and the opponent is sending in infantry, your units will already be in place before they arrive. Hence, you'll want to send in light artillery, not heavy artillery. Heavy artillery will always make you too late. Subsequently, build as many light artillery units as can. Heavy artillerly is a luxery you can't afford.
It will be necessary to constantly save-and-reload. This is an exploit though and if you need exploits to win a scenario, the scenario isn't worth playing IMO.
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That was a nice example of constructive demoralizing, Colon. Are you a teacher?
I've had my doubts about the scenario design as well. The scenario description is slightly misleading by stating that France's borders are secure because of the lack of unity in Germany and Italy. That's true, but Britain's attack in the early 1820s comes as a nasty surprise when you play the scenario for the first time. However, I don't believe the designer just overlooked that point. After all, France is the recommended Great Power to play in this scenario, so I think it is meant to be a challenge. (Maybe, I'm a bit naive here, but the game design in general is rather thoughtful, so I'm inclined to give them the benefit of the doubt.)
Some thoughts on your recommendations:
1) Annexing Belgium.
I don't see how I could pull off a peaceful takeover within the timespan that we are talking about. I have certainly no money left for bribes. Improving relations by trading takes a long time and is very difficult under the circumstances of this scenario.
On the other hand, an attack on Belgium is a fascinating option that I had not considered yet. A coal mine in Belgium would be close to the French iron deposit in Lorraine, so my steel production could start that much earlier. Later, after connecting the coal deposit in central France and another iron deposit in the south, I could produce twice as much steel (and arms) as I was able to so far.
An important aspect here is that in 1820 Belgium does not exist as an independent minor country, but is part of the Netherlands. This means that the regular divisions should be stationed in Holland, not in the Belgian provinces. I don't believe minor countries move troops away from their capital. The Netherlands have offered coal on the world market, so they have some. If that coal is located in the Belgian provinces (as it should be) and if those provinces are only defended by militia, I think we have a valid plan. The downside is that I will have to use my initial steel stockpile to make arms for a small attack force rather than to expand my transport capacity, but that seems a price worth paying.
2) Blockading London
This idea seems somewhat ... er ... reckless? Don't get me wrong. I've often blockaded capital ports to force a peace, so I know the basic idea is sound. However, in this scenario, Britain has such a huge fleet that it could probably break the blockade within a few turns.
I'm also uncertain about your advice to use frigates. They are cheap and the manual specifically recommends their use for blockades, but in a case where you must expect a forceful attempt to break the blockade wouldn't you think it necessary to include Ships of the Line?
I'm desperate enough to try blockading London, but I'm not too optimistic here.
3) Thwarting British landings
The manual is a bit vague about initiative. It says that the order of resolving battles "depends" on the initiative rating which is in turn determined by army composition. This doesn't necessarily exclude a random factor. Having said that, I've found that three to four Hussars dispatched as soon as the British establish a beachhead always arrive before the enemy.
4) I agree that reloading takes away the fun.
Again, thank you for some new ideas with the Belgian gambit appearing most promising.
1)Hmmm, It's been a while since I've played that game so it could be I'm not remembering things correctly. Diplo-annexing indeed far too much time so that's probably something I didn't do.
2)Yes it's reckless, but the way the AI works, it's your best option. With that kind of military imbalance the AI is not going to accept peace because it tires of the war. I don't think I ever had any succes with it though. Already told you the scenario simply isn't doable.
3)Yeah, it's based on the slowest unit in the army you're dispatching.
Gentlemen, I am pleased to report that in the Winter of 1833 a small French expeditionary force has captured London in a surprise attack sending the nation of Great Britain into anarchy. Vive la France! (Given the number of times I have lost this scenario to Britain, I hope I'm forgiven for gloating a bit.)
A short summary:
- I built two Hussar regiments almost right away. With these and my initial army (2 regular regiments, 1 heavy artillery reg.) I attacked the Netherlands taking the provinces of Belgium, Brussels and Ardennes. Interestingly the militia in Brussels was reinforced by a regular infantry unit.
- After discovering coal near Brussels, I made peace, because at that point the British landing attempts started and I had what I wanted. (Probably a mistake, because the Dutch wouldn't have made a counter attack anyway.)
- The light cavalry units - I soon added two more - were able to prevent the British from landing (no reloading).
- First I connected the French iron deposit in Lorraine, then the Belgian coal deposit, finally the coal deposit in central France. Before I had coal, I had to stockpile iron for a few turns, which came in handy after connecting the second coal deposit later.
- After arms production came into gear, I started building Ships of the Line. I stopped when I had six of them and a seventh added for free as a flagship. Then I started to produce light artillery units.
- After the first ships were done, I was almost bankrupt so I rushed to sell furniture that I had built in the early days, but not sold because of the war. Apart from that I did not do any trading at all.
- When I had 6 Hussars and 6 Horse Artillery units, I sent the fleet to the North Sea. During the next turn, I established a beachhead at London, but also lost Belgium to Britain because I needed to keep the army in the capital. Finally, I attacked London with all Hussars, Horse Artillery units plus a general. (I had left the infantry and heavy artillery in southern France because they would have reduced my initiative rating.)
- My forces arrived first and took the hardly defended capital. The British reinforcements were beaten back, but killed two of my Hussars. (This is just from the combat report. I had turned off "Tactical Combat".)
- During the invasion, the British destroyed my fleet. This is odd, because I would have thought that in that case my invasion force should have drowned with the fleet. Apparently, land battles are resolved first.
I am quite willing to admit that this approach was even more reckless than the blockade suggested by Colon. Also, using the initiative rules to such an extreme - Britain won't even be able to respond the next turn because they are out of the game - is a bit of an exploit, but under the conditions of this scenario, I don't feel too guilty about using it.
I have to add that the scenario is not at all won. After losing my entire fleet, I am again in last place with respect to military strength, so I need to rebuild quickly to avoid the next declaration of war. That's easier said than done because my industrial capacity is not that impressive. During my military buildup, I even had to disband all of my civilians but the engineer in order to keep the factories going. That's not a real problem, because with all the English provinces I intend to save from the perils of anarchy, transport capacity and workforce will be my main concern.
At any rate, I'd like to thank both of you for discussing your experiences with this scenario. In case you want to take a look, I have attached a zip-file containing the saves from Summer 1832 (when I dispatched the fleet) and Spring 1833 (after the capture of London).
slot1.zip (150.8 KB, 213 views)
2008 Tri-League Advanced Co-Runner-Up
Join Date: 03 Dec 2005
March 3, 2006, 17:17
Yes,also a very good game;I keep playing it.
About this scenario,I just remember the first thing was to take Belgium'coal.I even forgot if I won or not.
(BTW,are you able to play with winXP and 64 processor?).
Hello, fed1943, didn't I just see you in the Colonization forum? It's always a pleasure to meet someone who shares my weakness for the classics.
I must admit that I am somewhat embarrassed that I didn't think of Belgium until Colon suggested it.
With the v1.1-patch, I'm able to play on WinXP (no 64 processor, though) without any problems except a very minor one: The game crashes whenever I use the zoom-out map before having moved all my units. It's a small inconvenience when moving fleets, but nothing serious at all.
Yes,Verrucosus,was me.I don´t care if a game is old or new,just if I like it.I play usualy:advanced civilization,master of magic,colonization,imperialism1,civilization2,caes ar3,alpha centauri,starcraft 1 and 2,and civilization4.
(With any change of hardware or software,I have big problems to keep playing some games,because,after 21 years,I keep knowing nothing of computers,really).
Yeah, you did it man. Must say I never even considered just attacking their capital.
Still, your suggestion to blockade the capital gave me the idea.
By the way, I have finished that game successfully last weekend. Developing France to become an industrial power was a lot of fun and quite a different experience from the standard game. The scenario map is much bigger than the random maps and there is a huge amount of territory to connect. This requires a stronger emphasis on increasing the industrial workforce in the capital and transport capacity as well as a different mix of civilian units.
Anyway, Imperialism is always a refreshing change of pace from the decentralized economic systems of other games. For now, I'm more in the mood for a new game of Civ4, but I will certainly return to Imperialism at some point.
Gilgames
Join Date: 09 Apr 2011
April 9, 2011, 19:34
Hi there all
Recently I reloaded the games, and replayed some scenarios. Of course met with old problems.... Then I learned something on a forum about hamlet-growth into material producing town. With it, I could win with the Ottomans in 1875, by voting. (alomst in `65), started un 1820. After that I started the good-old France. Verr. detailed the problem perfectly, just as I know it. The idea of netherland sound interesting, i`ll try it. Btw congrat to your success. I found keeping british off the land is quite easy, i had 3 hussars and LA. Also built a large railway system, but forget the importance of steel, and lost the game at `35. So again, to everybody, how trying to do that:
1, be patient
2, allways attack
3, grind steel as much as you can, and even more
4, kick the british capitol.
5, chill out and win the game
Btw Capitol. I won the game 1882 with Turkey, not long after I first started to play this game, by move the navy to london, and declare war, and than rush for other english territories before others do so...
good luck and the steel be with you...
....eh, i`v just made it, killed the british in 35, and won the game in 55. but now its out of fun and mystery, i am sad....
KaiserIsak
Great game, and interesting discussion even though it is five years old.
I think another exploit you can use is to give a country a grant each turn, and they will not declare war on you before you end granting them money, which should bid you some time (albeit for a price).