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A resource for reliable information about significant people, places, events, and things in Minnesota history.
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Before European Contact: Pre-1585
Colonization: 1585-1763
Revolution and a New Nation: 1754-1800
Expansion and Reform: 1792-1861
Civil War and Reconstruction: 1850-1877
Development of an Industrial United States: 1870-1920
Great Depression and World War II: 1920-1945
Post-World War II United States: 1945-1989
The United States in a New Global Age: 1980-Present
Wilhelm Pfaender, ca. 1880.
As an active member of the Turner movement, Wilhelm (William) Pfaender proposed creating a town in Minnesota Territory specifically for German Americans. Together with other immigrants, he helped to found the town of New Ulm in 1857.
Born in Heilbronn, Germany, in 1826 to a family of laborers, Wilhelm Pfaender came to the United States with ideals shaped by his involvement with the Turner movement. First in Heilbronn and then in Ulm, Pfaender helped to found Turner societies. The Turners (from turner, the German word for gymnast) encouraged gymnastics and other forms of exercise while promoting nationalism, political and religious freedom, education, and equality.
Pfaender left Germany amid the turmoil of the 1848 revolution. Traveling first to England, where he met Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, he settled in Cincinnati, Ohio. There he again founded a Turner Society and served as its first president. In 1851, he married Catherine Pfau, who had grown up in a Turner family.
In 1855, Pfaender wrote a letter on "Practical Turnerism" for a national Turner newspaper. In it, he called for creating a German American colony. In such a town, Pfaender thought, Germans could live free from harassment by anti-German nativists. They could act on their Turner values and practice German customs. In response to his appeal, the Cincinnati Turner Society set up the Settlement Association of the Socialist Turner Society and named Pfaender as its leader.
In 1856, Pfaender traveled throughout the Midwest in search of a location for the new town. Along the banks of the Minnesota River, the Chicago Land Association had already started to build a new town for German Americans in 1854. Pfaender decided to join in this effort, and the Cincinnati group united with the Chicago Land Association to form the German Land Association of Minnesota. With support from the Cincinnati Turner Society, they purchased more land and sold lots to their members. In 1857, the town of New Ulm incorporated.
Together with fellow Turners, Pfaender founded the New Ulm Turner Society in 1856. They built a Turner Hall in the center of the town a year later. The German Land Association set up several businesses in New Ulm, including a mill and a store. Individuals soon took over ownership of these enterprises, and the German Land Association dissolved in 1859. Turner beliefs, however, in sound bodies and minds, freedom, fellowship, and the common good continued to influence the new town.
New Ulm's Turner Hall housed the town's first school as well as many social and athletic activities. Strongly secular, the New Ulm Turner Society encouraged religious tolerance towards immigrants who joined the Forty-Eighters (as the participants in the failed 1848 revolution were called) in moving to New Ulm. When the first Turner Hall burned down during the U.S.–Dakota War of 1862, the Turners quickly rebuilt it. The Turner Hall returned to its central place in New Ulm cultural life.
Pfaender filled many important positions in New Ulm. He served as president of the new town's city council and its postmaster. He performed the first marriage ceremony held in New Ulm, on March 17, 1857. As a member of the Electoral College, Pfaender cast a vote for Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 election.
In 1861, Pfaender acted again on Turner values when he, along with other Turners, joined the fight for the Union. An officer in the First Battery of Minnesota Light Artillery, he fought at the battle of Shiloh, where he and his unit played a vital role. He returned to Minnesota during the U.S.–Dakota War of 1862. As a lieutenant colonel in the Second Minnesota Cavalry, he was in charge of Fort Ridgely until 1865.
After the Civil War, Pfaender continued to take an active role in the civic life of New Ulm and Minnesota. By the time of his death on August 11, 1905, he had held a wide variety of offices, including mayor, state representative, and state senator. He also served two terms as Minnesota State Treasurer.
Anderegg, Jeanne. "Pfaender, Wilhelm (1826–1905)." MNopedia, Minnesota Historical Society. http://www.mnopedia.org/person/pfaender-wilhelm-1826-1905 (accessed January 19, 2020).
© Minnesota Historical Society
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported.
First published: May 22, 2017
Last modified: December 5, 2017
Gimmestad, Dennis. "Territorial Space: Platting New Ulm." Minnesota History 56, no. 6 (Summer 1999): 345–350.
http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/56/v56i06p345-350.pdf
Hoisington, Daniel John. A German Town: A History of New Ulm, Minnesota. New Ulm, MN: City of New Ulm, 2004.
"Lights Out! In Silent Camp." New Ulm Review, August 16, 1905.
Müller, Hans, and Annette R. Hofmann. William Pfaender and the German American Experience. Edited by Grady Steele Parker. Roseville, MN: Edinborough Press, 2009.
May, Grace Lovell, and Wilhelmina Pfaender Loenholdt. Memory's Trail. Edited by and Printed for the New Ulm Centennial, 1854 to 1954. New Ulm, MN: New Ulm Daily Journal, [1954?].
Nesbitt, Kurt. "Pfaender Park." New Ulm Journal, April 19, 2009.
Spengler, Kremena. "The Pfaenders: Revolutionaries, Artists, Pioneers—and a Major Pop Star." New Ulm Journal, October 12, 2008.
Steinhauser, Fredric R. New Ulm Minnesota Germans: Adults of German Birth Settled in New Ulm and Surrounding Areas, 1860. Typescript. Minneapolis: General College, University of Minnesota, 1986.
"This Side of the White House: A Brief Sketch of Colonel William Pfaender." Hanska Herald, July 10, 1914.
Tolzmann, Don Heinrich. "Wilhelm Pfaender, A German Forty-Eighter and Turner Leader in Germany and America." Palatine Immigrant 39, no. 2 (March 2014): 18–23.
Tyler, Alice Felt. "William Pfaender and the Founding of New Ulm." Minnesota History 30, no. 1 (March 1949): 24–35.
Lambert Naegele and family papers, 1905, 1931, 1937, 1952
Manuscript Collection, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul
Description: Essays relating to the founding of the New Ulm Turner Society and Lambert Naegele's service in the Civil War with Wilhelm Pfaender.
New Ulm Turner collections, 1855–present
Manuscript Collection, Brown County Historical Society Library, New Ulm
Description: Clippings, minutes, programs, pamphlets, photographs and other materials relating to the activities of the New Ulm Turner Society.
Pfaender Family collection
Description: Clippings, memoirs, letters, and photographs relating to Wilhelm Pfaender, his family and his descendants.
Conzen, Kathleen Neils. Germans in Minnesota. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2003.
Fritsche, L. A. ed. A History of Brown County, Minnesota: It's People, Industries and Institutions; with Biographical Sketches of Representative Citizens and Genealogical Records of Many of the Old Families. Indianapolis: B. F. Bowen, 1916.
Hofmann, Annette. The American Turner Movement: A History from Its Beginnings to 2000. Indianapolis: Printing Edge, 2010.
Stasser, J. H. New Ulm in Word and Picture: J. H. Strasser's History of a German-American Settlement (1892). Translated and edited by Don Heinrich Tolzmann, and Fredric R. Steinhauser. Indianapolis: Max Kade German-American Center, Indiana University—Purdue University at Indianapolis and Indiana German Heritage Society, 1997.
Pumroy, Eric L., and Katja Rampelmann, comps. Research Guide to the Turner Movement in the United States. Bibliographies and Indexes in American History 33. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996.
Tolzmann, Don Heinrich. The German-American Experience. Amherst, New York: Humanity Books, 2000.
Wittke, Carl. Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1952.
Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Pfaender, Sr. William "Wm., Jacob Wilhelm."
https://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail?ID=14356
First Battery of Minnesota Light Artillery
In 1856, Pfaender merges the Cincinnati Settlement Society with the Chicago Land Association to form a new group that stabilizes the town of New Ulm, enabling it to flourish.
Wilhelm Pfaender is born in Heilbronn, Germany, on July 6.
On March 26, Pfaender leaves Germany for the United States.
Pfaender's letter "Praktische Turnerei" (Practical Gymnastics) appears in the German-language newspaper Die Turnzeitung. A settlement society is formed with Pfaender as its president.
The Chicago Land Association combines with the Settlement Society to create the German Land Association.
New Ulm is incorporated; residents build a Turner Hall.
Pfaender is elected as a state representative. He casts an Electoral College vote for Abraham Lincoln.
Pfaender is commissioned as a lieutenant in the First Battery of Minnesota Light Artillery and fights at the Battle of Shiloh.
Pfaender returns to Minnesota, where he serves as a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Cavalry.
Pfaender is elected to the state senate.
Pfaender is elected mayor of New Ulm.
Pfaender is elected state treasurer.
Pfaender dies in New Ulm on August 11.
Made possible by the Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund through the vote of Minnesotans on November 4, 2008. Administered by the Minnesota Historical Society.
Minnesota Historical Society • 345 W. Kellogg Blvd., St. Paul, MN 55102-1906 (Map) • 651-259-3000 © MNHS.
Send questions or comments to mnopedia mnhs [dot] org. View our Privacy Policy.


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Q: Ionic 2: How to make menu that open from the bottom and play music inside it Ionic 2: How to make menu (in ionic 2) that open from the bottom that plays music inside it. Like I have attached some screen shots
When you click on music then the new menu is opened from the bottom and display song details and music is also play inside it.
I did not find any UI component in ionic 2 for my requirement Please help me if you have any idea?
I used 2 concepts but it won't work for me:
1)ActionSheet of ionic 2 documentation
2)content drawer(https://www.joshmorony.com/how-to-create-a-sliding-drawer-component-for-ionic-2/)
Thank you for your support

A: You can use Action sheets from ionic,
https://ionicframework.com/docs/components/#action-sheets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Their view is that competition is good for business.
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What do you think about her new boyfriend?
Mum's view of the situation was different to mine.
You need to have a clear view (=a definite idea) of the kind of book you want to write.
She took a pretty dim view of his behaviour.
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The house has wonderful views over the valley.
Suddenly the pyramids came into view.
The gun was hidden from view behind the door.
Fran hit him in full view of all the guests (=where they could see it clearly) .
During an eclipse, the moon blocks our view of the sun (=stop us from seeing it) .
From the top you get a panoramic view of the city.
A huge nuclear reactor now spoils the view.
A private view of the Summer Exhibition will be held.
The painting is currently on view at the Tate.
In view of his conduct, the club has decided to suspend him.
We bought the house with a view to retiring there.
Defence was all-important, and castles were designed with this end in view.
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This is a chance for you to express your views.
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The general view was that he had done well.
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His views have recently become more moderate.
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This view has become increasingly popular in society.
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There was a frank exchange of views at the meeting.
She had a clear view of the street from her window.
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Everyone who made it to the summit was rewarded with a magnificent panoramic view.
The top of the bell tower in the square gives a bird's-eye view of Venice.
From the window the car was clearly in view.
He took the money in full view of everyone.
► Do not say ' watch the view '. Say enjoy the view , take in the view , or admire the view .
The hotel has a view of the Colosseum.
There are great views of the Himalayas.
From the top, there is a breathtaking panorama across to the southern slopes of Ben Nevis, Britain's highest mountain.
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On a sparkling spring day, the vista is quite superb.
In front, a simple porch offered a spectacular vista of coconut-fringed beach, lagoon, and open sea beyond.
His paintings are mainly of local scenes.
The mountain is a magnificent sight, soaring up from the carpet of purple heather at its base.
It was an amazing sight. I had never seen elephants in the wild before.
They were met with the sight of riot police shaking hands with the demonstrators.
The law should be viewed as a way of meeting certain social goals.
The local people viewed newcomers with suspicion.
The mountain is best viewed from the north side.
Thousands of tourists come to view the gardens every year.
We do not consider this film suitable for young children.
She is considered to be one of the finest pianists of her generation.
America was seen as the land of opportunity.
The country sees itself as a bridge between East and West.
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Many people in the industry viewed him with suspicion.
Historically, nursing has been perceived as a job for women, but things have changed now.
The group were perceived to have little real talent.
Do other people perceive us as we perceive ourselves?
He looked on his job as a welcome relief from the problems at home.
Even though he's 18, his parents still think of him as a child.
I think of her more as a sister.


"Life For A Life", новая песня KUBLAI KHAN, в записи которой принимал участие вокалист BURY YOUR DEAD Mat Bruso, доступна для прослушивания ниже. Этот трек взят из нового релиза "New Strength", выход которого намечен на 27 ноября на Artery Recordings.
Energetic, aggressive, and passionate music. A four piece metalcore band based in north Texas. We say whats on our hearts to express how we feel, who we are, what we stand for, and wont stand for, as well as the problems of our generation. In hopes of tapping into the underground and revealing the unseen lives and feelings of the youth in modern American society. We are fighting to make an impact in a music scape bogged down with meaningless lyrics and recycled with mindless music. Trying to push messages that often get overlooked or ignored in the nation today, hoping to use our music as a vessel to relate with people and emit hope.
Kublai Khan : Из гитаристов в юристы...?


Q: How did you get started with emergency medical services?
A: Staccie Allen: I graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in finance and management and a minor in health science education. I thought I would go into hospital administration. While in school, I worked in Alachua General Hospital's emergency department, and they did a lot of clinical on-the-job training. Upon graduation, I obtained a position as a budget analyst, but I still kept the tech position on weekends. I found that I was enjoying the tech position much more than my other position. One night, two ShandsCair employees came to pick up a really sick patient. I remember being drawn to the way they stabilized the patient, prepared the patient for transport and got them off to definitive care. I told my husband this is what I wanted to do. ShandsCair was a one-helicopter program and he made jokes that someone has to retire to get a job there, and I said, "No, no, I'm going to do this." I went back to nursing school knowing that I wanted to fly for ShandsCair.
Q: What drew you to working with ShandsCair?
A: Allen: ShandsCair was nationally known as the top transport quality provider in the area. Its affiliation and partnership with UF Health gave it the opportunity to deliver the highest-quality care and more complex care. What drew me to ShandsCair was not only the people who were working here and the family atmosphere, but also the ability for the program to transport some of the sickest patients I had ever encountered. It's amazing what these clinicians do together for patients and families. To get them here, to deliver them in better condition than they were when we picked them up, it's amazing to me.
Q: What does ShandsCair mean to you?
A: Allen: It's my heart and soul. Family. High quality. Safety. Those are some of the top things that come to my mind. The ability to make a difference in a patient's life.
Q: What excites you about the future of the program?
A: Allen: We're about to embark on unprecedented growth again. We may have the opportunity to more than double the program size in the next year, and that's enormous growth in this industry. Ultimately this expansion will help patients get to definitive care quicker, and that's going to make a difference in their live.
Q: What have your responsibilities been in the past and what are they currently at ShandsCair?
A: Allen: I worked in the surgical intensive care unit at UF Health when it was a joint unit, which gave me an incredible basis for taking care of complex patients. I also worked in several emergency departments and as a ground paramedic for Bradford County. In 2005, I started working as a P.R.N. flight nurse/paramedic with ShandsCair and, in 2007, I was chosen to be a full-time flight nurse/paramedic. In 2009, I became the chief flight nurse. The program was under the director of trauma and aeromedical services. When that director left, they separated the services and decided to grow the program. In 2011, I had the opportunity to become the director. Back then, we were one helicopter, one fixed-wing and three ambulances. We are now three helicopters, two satellite bases, one fixed-wing and eight ambulances. We've also grown from about 45 people to over 130 people in the last several years. Today, my responsibilities include 24-hour accountability for the program's operations and strategic planning.
Q: What is the most interesting and challenging part of your job?
A: Allen: It's something new every single day. For example, never in a million years did I think I would lead a project to purchase a helicopter. You'd think it's like purchasing a car — it's nothing like that. When you take delivery of a helicopter, there are many things that you didn't know previously that you go through, and if there are any bugs to work out in the first 100 hours, it's all regulated. That was a tremendous challenge for me, learning the ins and outs of effectively purchasing and delivering an aircraft.
Q: What message do you want to send to the community about ShandsCair?
A: Allen: We're so honored to have served the community for the past 35 years, and to have the support of UF Health gives us the ability to continue serving the community. Every person at ShandsCair is invested in making somebody else's day better. Every single person here is 100 percent committed to taking the very best care of every patient and family we encounter.


Looking back at the season, one question Auburn fans kept wondering aloud was if CJP was the right choice? Should we have fired Tom Slater? etc.
Honestly, its a question fans shouldn't be asking. Fans that do ask it, honestly, don't realize the gift we got when CJP agreed to come to Auburn. Here are the reasons CJP should remain as Auburn's skipper, and why the questions/rumbles/whatever should die down.
While an assistant at Clemson, Pawlowski's staff led the country in earned run average in 1996 with a staff that featured the No. 1 and No. 4 overall picks in the MLB draft that year in Kris Benson and Billy Koch. In his five years at Clemson, the Tigers had 15 pitchers drafted, while the recruiting classes ranked in the top 10 nationally each year.
1996 would be CJP's third year at Clemson. His third as recruiting coordinator and pitching coach. With players he was able to recruit, or was able to finally mold and coach to his skill level.
1996 is the first year I would start judging the talent that CJP was able to bring in. 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000. That's the years you should look at and just see the talent that CJP was able to bring to Clemson.
Kris Benson and Billy Koch from Clemson University were selected first and fourth overall in the 1996 draft, marking the first time since 1978 and only the second time in history that two players from the same school were drafted in the top four selections. Benson - Baseball America's College Player of the Year and a member of the 1996 U.S. Olympic Team - was chosen by the Pittsburgh Pirates, who made just their second number one pick ever, and Koch was selected by the Toronto Blue Jays.
It didn't stop at Clemson either. In his 8 years at the College of Charleston, Pawlowski had 22 players drafted (13 Pitchers). Previously, CofC only had 3 players EVER drafted. 3 Players EVER to 22 over an 8 year era. It should also be noted that it wasn't until 2003 (again, that would be CJP's 3rd year at his school) that these players began to be drafted.
Let me repeat that. Year ONE. Can we at least give the man the three years he's due?
It took 3 years to legitimately turn CofC around (5 to make them contenders).
If I could editorialize a bit: The main problem fans have with CJP is probably because, deep down, they want another reason to hate Jay Jacobs. I've seen calls of incompetence and ridiculous follow most of Jacobs decisions when it comes to the Auburn football team. But in this case, this BASEBALL, case, he was spot on.
Please quit using the frustrations from the Auburn FOOTBALL coach search to impact your view or feelings of the BASEBALL coach.
It's a change in 2 ways.
"I'm a very aggressive coach. I ran the offense at Florida last year. We will do a lot of hitting and running, stealing bases and moving the runners along. We also hit some home runs at Florida. We're going to be an aggressive offensive team. Our players will play with a lot of emotion and aggression."
"I think we are going to have to be a team that will create and manufacture runs. We will not be able to just sit there and hit the ball out of the ballpark. As much as we would like that to be our style and our plan, this league is so tough and we are going to have to get guys on and move them over. The biggest thing offensively is we are going to have to understand what the role is. I tell guys all the time, our offense is based on leaving your ego at the bat rack, going to the plate and doing whatever you can to move guys up, move guys over and get guys in and we are going to have to be a very unselfish offensive club," Pawlowski said.
Spooky huh? CJP knew, going in, that the team would need to resort to small ball to stay competitive. Not doing that would set Auburn up for failure (and of course, Auburn couldn't > resorted to the old "Slammin' Slater" ways > Fizzled down the stretch).
That "aggressive style" that Slater was so fond of? Well it didn't do Auburn so well. Auburn was a team that whiffed all the time under Slater (breaking school records in 04 and 05) and CJP was left with that same mentality (and another record breaking year in team strikeouts).
In baseball terms? Auburn was going from the AL to the NL. To a Minnesota Twins/LA Angels mentality from a New York Yankees mindset. Small ball. Stretching games. Forcing opponents mistakes. That's what CJP wanted. However, that took patience, not something Tom Slater taught his players.
The second change in mindset and one that most people don't recognize: CJP isn't an Auburn guy and that's a good thing. Tom Slater? Auburn guy. Steve Renfroe? Auburn guy. Both came in to mixed results but ultimately failure. CJP comes in with fresh eyes and a fresh outlook. Something that was needed when he was hired.
4. It could pay off big.
CJP was almost the skipper before Slater. But instead, Ed Richardson went with Tom Slater. CJP didn't have any hard feelings ("The Timing Wasn't Right", he said afterwards).
But, and again, I'm editorializing a bit: I personally see the makings of a great coach in CJP. A coach that could very well be our own Nix of Baird.
He loves the team. He loves the community. He knows the area. I could go on and on.
But the biggest, is something I noticed on my first weekend watching games: The mentality is different. The mindset is different. it's positive, it's proactive. The player were having fun. CJP was sticking up for his players, getting in Umpire's faces.
This season I witnessed Auburn struggle. One thing I didn't witness? The team giving up.
My biggest gripe with Tom Slater was this: Pitch in and Pitch out. Questionable call or close play. It didn't matter. He was glued to the damn bucket in the dugout. Unmoving. Unflinching. Like a Baseball Robot. He was rarely EVER out, arguing, getting a little fire into his team. He was always glued to the damn bucket.
CJP? Nothing like that. Constantly moving. Constantly coaching and directing. Choosing plays. Working matchups. Questionable call? He was sprinting out the dugout.
It's time to stop wanting CJP gone. It's time to start realizing what we actually have in a head coach.


text:
Edwin MacPhisto
About Edwin MacPhisto
It's time we all reached out for something new.
The Sweet 16 & Elite 8 Thread
Edwin MacPhisto replied to Bored's topic in Sports
Hey, finally a classic game! Took long enough, but that was a great one, endless comments about DeJuan Blair's "derriere" notwithstanding.
The Agent of Oblivion question of the day
Edwin MacPhisto replied to Lei Tong's topic in No Holds Barred
Lei Tong, were you the deadly weapon?
The Vag That Defined A Generation
Edwin MacPhisto replied to Kinetic's topic in Music
Montell Jordan- "This Is How We Do It" Warren G. (ft. Nate Dogg)- "Regulate" Nirvana- "Heart Shaped Box" R.E.M.- "Losing My Religion" Skee-Lo- "I Wish" Dr. Dre (ft. Snoop Doggy Dogg)- "Nuthin But a G Thang" New Radicals- "You Get What You Give" Meat Loaf- "I'd Do Anything For Love (But I Won't Do That)"
Edwin MacPhisto replied to Craig Th's topic in Television & Film
What a difference a Bryan Fuller makes. The hard-on this show has for killing women is still pretty weird, but I'm glad his return did not disappoint. I'd been in "show goes on while I'm doing several other things" mode for a while and was just about to banish it to the same pit I tossed Lost this year, but this was good enough to keep me interested to the end of the season. And yes, Mole; Monday's episode was Season 1 good.
Nineties Runoff
Edwin MacPhisto replied to Czech please!'s topic in Music
I've long had this great idea for a Wheel of Fortune "Before and After" Puzzle. Pat's hints would be along the lines of "it's awful," and the answer would be "Collective Soul Asylum."
You Can't Put Your Arms Around A Memory
I do love "Creep," but it's weak against the rest of their catalog and that New Radicals song is and has always been the jam. "Under the Bridge" isn't awful, but I'd pick any other song still in the contest over it. Except for "Self Esteem."
That was actually one of the first things I thought of when Patrick said he wanted to be a cavalry scout. Somehow, in the forests of a Central American dictatorship, that moment will come back to haunt him.
Thread that keeps on giving.
The Spaghetti Incident? Montell Jordan- "This Is How We Do It" Deee-Lite- "Groove Is In The Heart": I adore "Gin and Juice," but it lacks slide whistle. Warren G. (ft. Nate Dogg)- "Regulate" Fiona Apple- "Criminal" Get a Grip Nirvana- "Heart Shaped Box": I actually really like the STP song, but this is "Heart Shaped Box." I'm not sure what Czech means by "sludge" in reference to "Interstate Love Song," as it's one of the more buoyant big rock songs of the 90s. No grungy meandering, no tacked-on processed solos. Smashing Pumpkins- "1979" R.E.M.- "Losing My Religion": "THAT WAS JUST A DREEEAM"x2 has always been a strong contender for best 6 seconds of the decade. Tom Cochrane- "Life Is A Highway" Armageddon: The Album Skee-Lo- "I Wish" 2Pac- "California Love": Ahead of its time in wanton usage of autotune, leather pants, and Chris Tucker. Dr. Dre (ft. Snoop Doggy Dogg)- "Nuthin But A G Thang" Red Hot Chili Peppers- "Under the Bridge": Yuck. My least favorite of the songs I'm advancing, but the Offspring are just god-awful. Bat Out Of Hell II: Back Into Hell - This whole bracket is immortal. New Radicals- "You Get What You Give" Sinead O'Connor- "Nothing Compares 2 U" Lisa Loeb & Nine Stories- "Stay" Meat Loaf- "I'd Do Anything For Love (But I Won't Do That)"
I'm enlisting in the Army.
Edwin MacPhisto replied to Art Sandusky's topic in General Chat
Might sound fucked up, but hell yeah. That's what I'm talking about. I'm trying not to be a dumbass gung-ho asshole, but this MOS excites the fuck out of me. Has he ever worn his Stetson in your presence? I don't think he has; he was only in for 6 years and has an odd sort of California-cool-kid's distance from it all. He uses his scout background as a means of behaving superior in conversation (even though he was just an E-4 humping around in Germany most of the time), but won't stick with any of the fancy trappings like uniform or medals or whatever. I do know that he's killed a few people, so enjoy that if it comes down to it.
Edwin MacPhisto replied to bobobrazil1984's topic in Television & Film
Pretty fruity finish to a usually great show, though I thought there were great character moments throughout the first 80 minutes or so. The last thing I wanted was blasted, irradiated earth to be a fake-out. I was also wholly unimpressed with the Opera House nonsense and the "powers beyond our control did it!" explanation for everything, but I guess that's what you get when you make up goofy mysteries with no understanding of how you're going to solve them. Some good space porn in there, but I felt like this finale largely took the easy way out and tried to wrap things up in a neat bow, which has never been something this show did well. Kara just disappearing was brutally retarded, too.
I work with a former Cav Scout. Biggest douche/asshole I know. Fortunately, I think he would have been a huge asshole regardless of his MOS. Judging from some of his stories, you'll get to do exciting things like stay on your stomach in the woods for 4 days.
Joss Whedon's Dollhouse
Edwin MacPhisto replied to Atticus Chaos's topic in Television & Film
Color me stunned the episode actually lived up to the hype, but it really did. Probably too little too late, but at least this show had a single moment of greatness.
Comments which don't warrant a thread.
Edwin MacPhisto replied to Nighthawk's topic in Music
Based on the three or four Placebo songs (I think) I've heard, along with the Kate Bush connection, I'm guessing: waifish girls, looking slightly disheveled, with a hint of low self-esteem and quavering facial features.
TSM Hates The 90s
Between this and Smues not being familiar with half the choices, I'm beginning to wonder if radio and MTV didn't start broadcasting above the lower 48 until 2002.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ralph Byrd (22 de abril de 1909 – 18 de agosto de 1952) foi um ator estadunidense que se tornou mais conhecido por ter interpretado o personagem das histórias em quadrinhos Dick Tracy nas telas, a partir dos anos 1930, nos seriados Dick Tracy, Dick Tracy Returns, Dick Tracy's G-Men e Dick Tracy vs. Crime, Inc., além de filmes e seriados de televisão sobre o personagem.

Biografia
Ralph Byrd nasceu em Dayton, Ohio. Ele parece ter começado sua carreira no show business como cantor na Broadway após terminar a escola, mas a data de sua estréia e da duração da sua estadia são indeterminados. Em 1935, ele estava em Hollywood, atuando em pequenos papéis coadjuvantes em filmes B. Um de seus primeiros seriados foi The Adventures of Rex and Rinty, pela Mascot Pictures, em 1935, onde fez uma ponta, não-creditado, como um forest ranger que ajudou o cão-herói Rinty e o cavalo Rex a encontrar uma criança perdida, com a interferência em uma luta entre Kane Richmond e os capangas fora da lei Al Bridge e Edmund Cobb.

Byrd era um bom ator, conduzindo o diálogo de forma natural, e seus personagens na tela podem tanto ser alegres e afáveis, quanto duros e autoritários, quando o papel assim requer. Uma vez tendo se iniciado nos seriados da Republic Pictures sobre o personagem Dick Tracy, o primeiro deles em 1937, Dick Tracy, foi sempre lançado em personagens de ação, apesar de não ter o habitual tipo musculoso que esses papéis pretenderiam. Ele tinha, no entanto, uma forte e resoluta mandíbula, o que lhe deu uma heróica presença.

Dick Tracy
A Republic Pictures escolheu Byrd para o detetive Dick Tracy, de Chester Gould, em 1937, para o seriado homônimo, e o filme fez tanto sucesso que teve três sequências seriais, Dick Tracy Returns em 1938, Dick Tracy's G-Men (ao lado de uma jovem Jennifer Jones, ainda sob o nome Phylis Isley) em 1939 e Dick Tracy vs. Crime, Inc. em 1941 (relançado em 1952 sob o título Dick Tracy vs. Phantom Empire).

A RKO Pictures fez um filme longa metragem em 1945, Dick Tracy, porém não com Ralph Byrd e sim com Morgan Conway). Depois de dois filmes, os expositores queixaram-se, pois, para eles, Ralph Byrd era Dick Tracy. A RKO  então contratou Byrd para terminar a série, com os filmes Dick Tracy's Dilemma e Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome (com Boris Karloff como Gruesome), ambos lançados em 1947.

Casamento
Ralph Byrd casou com a atriz e modelo Virginia Carroll em 1936, e o casal ficou unido até a morte de Byrd, em 1952. Tiveram uma filha, Carol.

Morte
Byrd continuou a trabalhar em papéis de ação até a década de 1940, e quando a propriedade do personagem Dick Tracy se tornou uma série de TV, em 1950, Byrd era a escolha óbvia para reprisar seu papel mais famoso. Os episódios foram produzidos com baixos orçamentos, com Byrd forçado a lidar com longas horas e cenas de ação extenuante. O acelerado ritmo de produção de TV influenciou sobre a saúde do ator sobrecarregado de trabalho, e ele sucumbiu a um ataque cardíaco em Tarzana, Califórnia, em 18 de agosto de 1952, aos 43 anos de idade. Está sepultado no Forest Lawn Memorial Park, em Glendale.

Filmografia parcial
 The Adventures of Rex and Rinty (1935) (não-creditado)
 Swing Time (1936) (não-creditado)
 S.O.S. Coast Guard (1937)
 Dick Tracy (1937)
 Blake of Scotland Yard (1937)
 Dick Tracy Returns (1938)
 Dick Tracy's G-Men (1939)
 The Howards of Virginia (1940)
 North West Mounted Police (1940)
 The Mark of Zorro (1940) (não-creditado)
 Dark Streets of Cairo (1940)
 Dick Tracy vs. Crime, Inc. (1941)
 Ten Gentlemen from West Point (1942)
 Jungle Book (1942)
 Moontide (1942)
 Manila Calling (1942)
 Stallion Road (1947)
 The Vigilante (1947)
 Dick Tracy's Dilemma (1947)
 Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome (1947)
 Jungle Goddess (1948)
 Union Station (1950) (não-creditado)

Ver também
 Seriados

Notas e referências

Ligações externas

 Ralph Byrd Article at Todd Gault's Serial Experience
 Ralph Byrd no Matinee Classics
 Ralph Byrd no NNDB
 Ralph Byrd no Files of Jerry Blake
 Ralph Byrd no Archive.org
 Ralph Byrd no French Film Guide

Nascidos em 1909
Mortos em 1952
Atores dos Estados Unidos
Atores de televisão dos Estados Unidos
Mortes por infarto agudo do miocárdio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
SET @sql = (SELECT IF(
    (SELECT COUNT(*)
        FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE
          table_schema=DATABASE()
          AND table_name='CourseClass'
          AND column_name='pagseguroId'
    ) > 0,
    "alter table CourseClass change pagseguroId ecommerceIdentifier varchar(20);",
    "SELECT 0;"
));
PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;

SET @sql = (SELECT IF(
    (SELECT COUNT(*)
        FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE
          table_schema=DATABASE()
          AND table_name='CourseClass'
          AND column_name='ecommerceIdentifier'
    ) > 0,
    "SELECT 0;",
    "update CourseClass set ecommerceIdentifier = substring(replace(uuid(), '-', ''), 1,20) where ecommerceIdentifier is null or ecommerceIdentifier = '';"
));
PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A. Olsson
Citations25,414
L. Carlson
J. Kastelein
T. Pedersen
J. Witztum
Effects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome.
G. Schwartz, A. Olsson, +14 authors R. S. Wright
BACKGROUND In observational analyses, higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have been associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease events. However, whether raising HDL… Expand
High-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: the IDEAL study: a randomized controlled trial.
T. Pedersen, O. Faergeman, +8 authors J. Tsai
CONTEXT Evidence suggests that more intensive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than is commonly applied clinically will provide further benefit in stable coronary artery… Expand
Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial.
G. Schwartz, A. Olsson, +7 authors T. Stern
CONTEXT Patients experience the highest rate of death and recurrent ischemic events during the early period after an acute coronary syndrome, but it is not known whether early initiation of treatment… Expand
Cholesterol Lowering With Simvastatin Improves Prognosis of Diabetic Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
K. Pyörälä, T. Pedersen, J. Kjekshus, O. Faergeman, A. Olsson, G. Thorgeirsson
OBJECTIVE To assess in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) the effect of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin on mortality and the risk of CHD and other atherosclerotic events.… Expand
Influence of Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Elevated Triglyceride on Coronary Heart Disease Events and Response to Simvastatin Therapy in 4S
C. Ballantyne, A. Olsson, T. Cook, M. Mercuri, T. Pedersen, J. Kjekshus
Background—Patients with low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and elevated triglyceride had an increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) events and received the greatest benefit with fibrate therapy in… Expand
View on Wolters Kluwer
The effects of simvastatin on the incidence of heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease.
J. Kjekshus, T. Pedersen, A. Olsson, O. Faergeman, K. Pyörälä
Journal of cardiac failure
BACKGROUND Although treatment of myocardial overload effectively reduces death from progression of heart failure, it is not known whether the retardation of progressive coronary artery disease… Expand
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein particle size, and apolipoprotein A-I: significance for cardiovascular risk: the IDEAL and EPIC-Norfolk studies.
W. A. van der Steeg, I. Holme, +10 authors J. Kastelein
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to assess the relationship of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL particle size, and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with the occurrence of coronary… Expand
High-Dose Atorvastatin Enhances the Decline in Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes in the MIRACL Study
S. Kinlay, G. Schwartz, +6 authors Peter Ganz
Background—Inflammation promotes acute coronary syndromes and ensuing clinical complications. Although statins reduce inflammatory markers in asymptomatic adults or in patients with stable angina,… Expand
Lipids, Apolipoproteins, and Their Ratios in Relation to Cardiovascular Events With Statin Treatment
J. Kastelein, W. A. van der Steeg, +11 authors S. Grundy
Background— Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is the principal target of lipid-lowering therapy, but recent evidence has suggested more appropriate targets. We compared the relationships of… Expand
Cost effectiveness of simvastatin treatment to lower cholesterol levels in patients with coronary heart disease. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group.
M. Johannesson, B. Joensson, J. Kjekshus, A. Olsson, T. Pedersen, H. Wedel
BACKGROUND The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) showed that lowering cholesterol levels with simvastatin reduces mortality and morbidity in patients with angina pectoris or previous acute… Expand


What Documents Are Contained in a Dossier?
What Documents Are Contained in the Dossier?
Are There Any Risks in International Adoption?
What Are the Best Countries to Adopt from in 2019?
Is There Income or Educational Requirements to Adopt?


@DestinyVic I only experimented with the vehicles that it is applied to in my mod, so, unfortunately, I won't be able to provide you with any help. If you do manage to work it out, you do not have my permission to re-upload this as a new mod UNLESS you credit me in the description. Hope that's okay.
THIS MOD IS NOW FINAL. PLEASE SEE IMAGE 2.
Thankyou to everyone who has downloaded these mods.


1999-08-09 Assigned to NUVASIVE, INC. reassignment NUVASIVE, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STONE, CORBETT W., MARINO, JAMES F., MCKINLEY, JAMES T.
A method for inserting a bone block into a patient's intervertebral space, comprising: supporting the bone block in an inserter; advancing the inserter into the intervertebral space; rotating the inserter, thereby separating adjacent vertebrae; separating the bone block and the inserter with a push rod; and removing the inserter from the intervertebral space.
The present invention relates to bone block implants which promote bone fusion between adjacent vertebrae.
Intervertebral spinal inserts are used to provide support and maintain normal distance between adjacent vertebrae in cases where a patient's vertebral discs have degenerated. Such degeneration can occur as a result of aging or trauma and typically results in pinched or damaged nerves between or proximal to the adjacent vertebrae. Moreover, such discal degeneration causes shifting of the loading along the patient's spinal column, which in turn further accelerates the vertebral degeneration.
Intervertebral inserts are typically used to reestablish normal intervertebral spacing and to cause fusion between adjacent vertebral bodies.
A common problem with the existing intervertebral spinal inserts is that they do not provide stabilization in two perpendicular directions in the plane of the patient's intervertebral space.
Another disadvantage is that, during such major surgery, the actual insertion of the intervertebral insert requires distraction of the adjacent vertebrae to first open a sufficiently large passage for the insertion of the insert therebetween. Such distraction is typically performed by dedicated instrumentation and invasive tools which must first enter the intervertebral space and then grip and hold apart the adjacent vertebrae.
The present invention provides methods and devices for inserting a bone block into a patient's intervertebral space wherein the bone block is supported in an inserter which is first advanced into the intervertebral space. After the inserter is received into the patient's intervertebral space, the inserter is then rotated by approximately 90°. Convexly curved outer camming surfaces on the inserter operate to separate the adjacent vertebrae as the inserter is rotated by 90°. Rotation of the inserter by 90° also operates to orient the bone block in a preferred orientation relative to the opposite vertebral surfaces. An illustration of camming apart adjacent vertebrae using an outwardly facing convexly curved camming surfaces is set forth in provisional patent applications Serial Nos. 60/086,945 filed May 27, 1998; 60/113,651 filed Dec. 23, 1998; and 60/120,663 filed Feb. 19, 1999; incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Specifically, the outwardly facing convexly curved camming surfaces are adapted to engage, and to separate by camming action, the opposed adjacent vertebrae when the bone block is initially placed between the vertebrae and then subsequently rotated by 90°. After the bone block is rotated into position, it supports the spinal load, thereby easing pressure on the vertebral disc and surrounding tissue. As such, prior distraction of the adjacent vertebrae with dedicated instrumentation is either not required, or is substantially minimized.
After the bone block is rotated into an anchored position between the adjacent vertebrae, the inserter is withdrawn from the intervertebral space leaving the bone block in a preferred position to promote bone fusion between the adjacent vertebrae. In a preferred aspect, the bone block is held stationery by a push rod, (which is preferably received in an inner cannulated passageway in the inserter), and the inserter, (preferably positioned thereover), is withdrawn such that the bone block is pushed out of the distal end of the inserter.
In preferred aspects, the bone block is dimensioned to extend to a height greater than that of the inserter such that vertebral supporting surfaces of the bone block anchor against the adjacent vertebrae to facilitate removal of the bone block from the inserter, reducing or eliminating the requirement of a push rod separating the bone block from the inserter.
The present bone blocks can be used singly, in pairs, or in quartets. When used in pairs or quartets, the bone blocks can be angled with respect to one another such that increased vertebral stability is achieved. Similarly, more than four bone blocks can be uses, and the present invention therefore also encompasses using 6, 8, 10 or more bone blocks to provide intervertebral stability.
In a first preferred aspect of the invention, the inserter is received through a cannula which is percutaneously introduced into the patient in a posterolateral approach. Also in preferred aspects of the invention, the cannula has an oval or racetrack shaped cross-section and the inserter received therein has a truncated oval shaped cross-section.
In an alternate aspect of the invention, a separate cannula with an inserter received therethrough is instead replaced by a single unit, being an oval shaped cannula which is dimensioned to support a bone block at its distal end. In this aspect of the present invention, the outwardly facing camming surfaces which operate to cam apart the adjacent vertebrae are disposed on the distal end of the cannula itself and the vertebrae are cammed apart as the cannula is rotated by 90°.
An important advantage of the present invention is that it provides a system for implanting bone blocks in a patient's intervertebral space in a minimally invasive surgical procedure. In contrast, current interbody fusion devices are typically implanted during open surgery.
An advantage of approaching posteriolaterally in a minimally invasive procedure is that the passive elements of spinal stability (anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, interspinous ligaments, and facet capsule) are not disturbed and provide stability when stretched by the insertion of the bone block.
The present invention also provides methods for positioning first and second bone blocks in the patients intervertebral space. Preferably, the first and second bone blocks are disposed with their central longitudinally extending axes at an angle to one another so as to give increased vertebral stability. In this aspect of the invention, each of the bone blocks are preferably introduced through percutaneous cannula which are oriented in opposite posterolateral approaches, being disposed at about 70° to 135°, and most preferably 90°, to one another.
In various aspects of the invention, the first and second bone blocks may optionally be interlocked together in the patient's intervertebral space. In such aspects of the invention, the first and second bone blocks may be interlocked by a variety of techniques including suturing the blocks together, interlocking a protrusion on the first bone block with an aperture on the second bone block or by interlocking a notch on the first bone block with a groove on the second bone block. In addition, the first and second bone blocks may be fastened together by a fastening pin.
The present invention also provides a system for introducing a bone block into an intervertebral space comprising a two pronged inserter wherein each prong has an outwardly facing convexly curved camming surface for separating adjacent vertebrae and wherein each prong is disposed on opposite sides of the bone block positioned therebetween. The bone block may preferably have lateral protrusions which extend in a longitudinal direction along the length of the bone block. In this aspect, the lateral protrusions on the bone block preferably mate with longitudinally extending grooves on the inner surfaces of the prongs, thereby preventing unwanted motion of the bone block, but permitting the bone block to be slid axially out of the distal end of the inserter.
An advantage of the present system is that the bone block inserter protects the bone block during insertion, and distracts the adjacent vertebrae by camming action to gain the needed space for placement of the bone block. By distracting the adjacent vertebral bodies, the present invention also decompresses the nerves that may be causing pain.
In another aspect of the present invention, a bone block is provided having opposite vertebral contact surfaces with opposite sides spanning between the vertebral contact surfaces, wherein the opposite vertebral contact surfaces each have a width which is about 20% to 60%, and most preferably 30% of the height of the opposite sides spanning between the opposite vertebral contact surfaces. In this aspect of the invention, a tall, narrow bone block is provided for positioning between adjacent vertebrae.
In preferred aspects, the opposite vertebral support surfaces of the bone block can be angled with respect to one another to restore a patient's lordotic angle.
An advantage of the present bone block relative to existing cortical bone blocks is its novel shape which uses substantially less human tissue. Specifically, the present bone block uses ⅓ to ⅕ the amount of human tissue currently used in existing bone block implants. The advantage of using less human tissue is important in the business of bone banks as the supply of donor tissue is quite limited. The present bone block may preferably comprise any suitable bone material including autologous, allographic, xenographic, or other osteoinductive and osteoproliferative elements.
Another advantage of the present system is that the bone block is placed between the vertebral endplates to rest upon cortical bone. In contrast, current fusion cages and cortical bone blocks require predrilling and partial destruction of the vertebral endplates. This predrilling removes cortical bone from the endplate thereby increasing the likelihood of subsidence or the sinking of the bone block into the vertebral body.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a bone block inserter holding a bone block therein.
FIG. 2 is an alternate perspective view of the inserter and bone block of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the system of FIG. 1, showing removal of the bone block from the inserter by a push rod.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an alternately shaped inserter and bone block.
FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4, showing removal of the bone block from the inserter.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the bone block and inserter taken along line 6—6 in FIG. 1.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a bone block and inserter taken along line 7—7 in FIG. 4.
FIG. 8 shows the inserter and bone block as initially received between adjacent vertebrae.
FIG. 9 shows partial rotation of the inserter of FIG. 8, with the inserter camming apart the adjacent vertebrae.
FIG. 10 shows 90° rotation of the inserter from the position of FIG. 8, showing the preferred orientation of the bone block between the fully cammed apart adjacent vertebrae.
FIG. 11A corresponds to FIG. 10, but with the inserter removed, leaving the bone block in its preferred orientation between the adjacent vertebrae.
FIG. 11B shows a bone block having anchoring fins projecting into the surfaces of adjacent vertebrae.
FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view showing the interlocking of first and second bone blocks with a fastening pin.
FIG. 13 is a view corresponding to FIG. 12, but with the first and second bone blocks fastened together.
FIG. 14 is an alternate design of first and second interlocking bone blocks.
FIG. 15 is a bottom view corresponding to FIG. 14 but with the first and second bone blocks interlocked together.
FIG. 16 is a top perspective view of two interlocking bone blocks, showing two posterolateral cannulae for introducing the two interlocking bone blocks into the patent's intervertebral space.
FIG. 17 is a side view of the inserter as received in an oval or racetrack shaped cannula, showing the orientation of the inserter when initially received in the intervertebral space.
FIG. 18 is a side view of the inserter as received in an oval or racetrack shaped cannula, showing the orientation of the inserter after it has been rotated by 90°.
FIG. 19 is an end view corresponding to FIG. 17.
FIG. 20 is an end view corresponding to FIG. 18.
FIG. 21 is view corresponding to FIG. 18, showing the sectioning of the inserter for removal through the catheter.
FIG. 22 is a view corresponding to FIG. 21, but with one section of the inserter removed.
FIG. 23 is an illustration of interlocking bone blocks which are tapered to compensate for the patient's lordotic angle.
FIG. 24 is a view similar to FIG. 1, but with the vertebral contact surfaces of the bone block dimensioned to extend slightly beyond the major dimension of the inserter.
FIG. 25 is a view corresponding to FIG. 24, after the bone block has been rotated into an anchored position between two adjacent vertebrae.
FIG. 26 is an exploded view of a tapered bone block and a tapered inserter.
FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a cannula dimensioned to support a bone block at its distal end.
FIG. 28 shows a first step in inserting a quartet of bone blocks.
FIG. 29 shows a second step in inserting a quartet of bone blocks.
FIG. 30 shows a third step in inserting a quartet of bone blocks.
FIG. 31 shows a fourth step in inserting a quartet of bone blocks.
FIG. 32 shows a fifth step in inserting a quartet of bone blocks.
FIG. 33 shows a sixth step in inserting a quartet of bone blocks.
FIG. 34 shows a seventh step in inserting a quartet of bone blocks.
FIG. 35 shows an end view of an alternate bone block.
FIG. 36 is a schematic illustration of a bone block with an electronic transducer therein.
FIG. 37 shows a pair of bone blocks angled to one another with ends of the bone blocks sutured together.
FIG. 38 shows a pair of parallel bone blocks sutured together.
"camming"—increasing intervertebral separation by rotating opposite convexly curved sides of an intervertebral insert against adjacent vertebrae.
"distraction"—pulling apart, separating, or increasing the distance between adjacent opposite vertebrae by physical or mechanical means.
"fusion"—complete ingrowth of bone tissue between adjacent vertebrae.
"outwardly facing convexly curved camming surface"—a surface having a degree of curvature corresponding to an arc section defined by an angle in the range of 15 to 40 degrees, and most preferably about 20 degrees.
"posterolateral"—behind and to one side.
"racetrack-shaped"—a shape having two elongated parallel sides and two curved ends.
The present invention provides a novel system for inserting and positioning one or two bone blocks between adjacent vertebrae.
Referring to FIG. 1, a novel shaped bone block 10 is held between opposite prongs 22 and 24 of bone block inserter 20. Bone block 10 is formed from donor bone tissue, and operates to conduct bone fusion between adjacent vertebrae after it has been implanted between the vertebrae by inserter 20, as will be explained. Prongs 22 and 24 each have curved outer surfaces 23 and 25, respectively, and inner longitudinally extending grooves 26 and 28, (seen more clearly in FIG. 3), respectively.
Subsequent to placement between adjacent vertebrae, (as will be explained more fully herein), bone block 10 is removed from inserter 20. In a preferred aspect, as shown in FIG. 3, a push rod 30 is preferably received within a longitudinally extending central bore (not shown) in inserter 20. As such, bone block 10 can be held at a fixed position between the adjacent vertebrae by holding push rod 30 at a fixed location while inserter 20 is slipped back over push rod 30 and thereby withdrawn from the intervertebral space.
As can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 6, bone block 10 preferably has laterally extending protrusions 12 and 14 which slidably mate with inner grooves 26 and 28 which extend longitudinally along the inner surfaces of prongs 22 and 24 as shown.
Protrusions 12 and 14 serve several functions. First, they anchor bone block 10 within inserter 20 such that bone block 10 does not slide laterally out of inserter 20. Secondly, protrusions 12 and 14 are designed to absorb or withstand forces generated by rotation of inserter 20. Such rotational forces will tend to twist the distal end of inserter prongs 22 and 24 (relative to the proximal end of inserter 20). This twisting is significantly reduced or eliminated by mating of the implant and inserter as described.
Preferably, bone block 10 and inserter 20 may be designed to display an angled front end 19 when assembled together (FIGS. 1 and 2) which assists during insertion of the inserter and bone block into the patient's intervertebral space.
FIGS. 4, 5, and 7 show an alternate shape of bone block with bone block 10 a having rectangular shaped lateral protrusions 12 a and 14 a which are slidably received in grooves 26 a and 28 a of inserter 20 a. The fabrication of rectangular shaped lateral protrusions 12 a and 14 a offer the advantages of ease of manufacture and absorption of shear stresses from rotation of inserter 20 a.
The present invention also provides a novel method for inserting a bone block between a patient's intervertebral space, as follows.
Referring to FIG. 8, inserter 20, (which holds bone block 10 therein as shown), is received between adjacent vertebrae 50 and 52 in the orientation shown. Specifically, inserter 20 is preferably disposed with its major dimension 27 parallel to the adjacent vertebrae 50 and 52. In this orientation, inserter 20 can more easily be received into the patient's intervertebral space.
Inserter 20 is then rotated about its central, longitudinally extending axis R from the orientation shown in FIG. 8 through to the orientations shown successively in FIGS. 9 and 10. As can be seen, the rotation of inserter 20 about axis R by 90° will cause curved outer camming surfaces 23 and 25 to cam apart adjacent vertebrae 50 and 52, thereby increasing the vertebral spacing between vertebrae 50 and 52 from smaller spacing S1 (FIG. 9) to larger spacing S2 (FIG. 10).
Surfaces 23 and 25 may preferably comprise outwardly facing convexly curved camming surfaces such as the outwardly facing convexly curved camming surfaces as fully described in provisional patent applications Serial Nos. 60/086,945 filed May 27, 1998; 60/113,651 filed Dec. 23, 1998; and 60/120,663 filed Feb. 19, 1999; incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Surfaces 23 and 25 are disposed on opposite sides of prongs 22 and 24 of inserter 20 as shown and are adapted to engage, and to separate by camming action, the opposed vertebral surfaces when inserter 20 (with bone block 10 received therein), is placed between adjacent vertebrae and rotated. The degree of curvature of outwardly facing convex surfaces 23 and 25 is dimensioned to represent an arc segment in the range of 15 to 40 degrees, and is most preferably about 20 degrees. Although surfaces 23 and 25 may preferably be convexly curved as described, the present invention is not so limited and may also encompass camming designs having a more rounded or more flattened camming surfaces, including planar camming surfaces.
Subsequent to inserter 20 being oriented as shown in FIG. 10, bone block 10 is then removed from inserter 20 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 11A. In one aspect of the invention, push rod 30, (which is preferably received within a longitudinally extending central bore (not shown) in inserter 20), is held stationery thereby holding bone block 10 at a fixed location between vertebrae 50 and 52 which inserter 20 is withdrawn from the intervertebral space, leaving bone block 10 in position between adjacent vertebrae 50 and 52 as shown in FIG. 11A.
As can be seen in FIG. 6, opposite flattened vertebral contact surfaces 13 and 15 are disposed between outwardly facing convex surfaces 23 and 25. As will be explained in conjunction with a preferred method described herein, opposite flattened surfaces 13 and 15 are adapted to provide a flush contact against and thereby buttress adjacent separated vertebrae 50 and 52 after bone block 20 has been rotated into position.
FIG. 11B shows bone block 10 with optional anchoring fins 11 projecting into the surface of vertebrae 50 and 52, thereby holding bone block 10 in a firmly anchored position.
Push rod 30 may be threadably received into a bore (not shown) extending partially into bone block 10, such that rotation of push rod 30 will cause it to become unscrewed from bone block 10. Accordingly, push rod 30 can be controllably detached from bone block 10 and removed from the patient's intervertebral space leaving bone block 10 in position.
In an alternate aspect of the present invention, the need for push rod 30 is eliminated by dimensioning the bone block as seen in FIGS. 24 and 25. Specifically, in this aspect of the invention, vertebral contact surfaces 13 b and 15 b of bone block 10 b extend slightly beyond major dimension 27 of inserter 20. As shown in FIG. 25, when bone block 10 b is rotated into position, vertebral contact surfaces 13 b and 15 b will tend to anchor against vertebrae 50 and 52 as the vertebrae rest thereon, as shown. As such, bone block 10 b will be firmly held in an anchored position such that inserter 20 can be slidably removed without having to hold bone block 10 b in a fixed position with a push rod which removing inserter 20.
Optionally, as is seen in FIG. 26, vertebral support surfaces 13 and 15 of bone block 10 c may be angled with respect to one another to taper from a short posterior end 45 to a tall anterior end 47. The tapering of bone block 20 from a tall anterior end 47 to a short posterior end 45 supports the adjacent vertebrae at a required lordosis angle when the inserts are positioned therebetween. A suitable tapered inserter 20 a is also shown.
As seen in FIG. 27, a cannula 70 may be dimensioned to have convexly curved camming surfaces 72 and 74 at its distal end. Cannula 70 is dimensioned similar to inserter 20 to support bone block 10 therein. In this aspect of the invention, however, the need for a separate cannula and inserter is overcome as the cannula itself acts as the bone block inserter, with the cannula itself being rotated 90° to cam apart the adjacent vertebrae.
The present invention also provides systems for introducing two bone blocks into the patient's intervertebral space, and optionally interlocking these bone blocks together. Preferably, the two bone blocks are oriented at an angle from 70° to 135° to one another. Most preferably, this angle is about 90°. Both the first and the second bone blocks are each preferably positioned between the adjacent vertebrae using the above described method of inserting a single bone block. In this case, the first bone block inserter will provide most of the camming action to separate the adjacent vertebrae, with the second bone block inserter being received into an already distracted intervertebral space.
Referring to FIG. 16, cannula 40 a and 40 b may be positioned generally perpendicular to one another in posterolateral approaches as shown. Cannula 40 a and 40 b are preferably percutaneously introduced into the patient's back in a minimally invasive surgical procedure.
Inserter 60 a is received in cannula 40 a and inserter 60 b is received in cannula 40 b, as shown. Inserter 60 a positions bone block 100 and inserter 60 b positions bone block 120 such that bone blocks 100 and 120 are generally perpendicular to one another, as shown. FIG. 16 shows the positioning of inserters 60 a and 60 b after the inserters have been partially withdrawn, leaving bone blocks 100 and 120 interlocked together in the patient's intervertebral space. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention also includes positioning the first and second bone blocks in the intervertebral space without interlocking the bone blocks together and without positioning the bone blocks at an angle to one another.
Being disposed generally perpendicular to one another, inserts 100 and 120 offer both increased back-to-front and side-to-side stability between the patient's adjacent vertebrae. An advantage of this enhanced stability is that bone blocks 100 and 120 can each be made relatively tall and narrow as is shown by the shape of bone blocks 100 and 110 in FIGS. 12 and 13. Such tall and narrow bone blocks have the advantage of requiring substantially less donor tissue in their fabricating than existing bone blocks.
In a preferred aspect, bone block 10 is dimensioned to be 12 to 24 mm in length, (ie: the L dimension in FIGS. 1 and 2), 6-16 mm in height, (ie: the H dimension in FIGS. 1 and 2), and 4-8 mm in width, (ie: the W dimension in FIGS. 1 and 2). Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, vertebral contact surfaces 13 and 15 are therefore about 12-24 mm by 4-8 mm in area.
As seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, bone block 10 and 10 a are each preferably dimensioned such that the opposite vertebral contact surfaces 13 and 15 each have a width W1 which is about 20% to 60% and most preferably 30% of H1 as shown, (H1 being the height of the opposite sides spanning between the opposite vertebral contact surfaces).
Bone blocks 100 and 120 may be interlocked together as desired using a variety of techniques. For example, referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, bone blocks 100 and 120 can be interlocked by way of protrusion 105 on bone block 100 being received into an aperture 125 in bone block 120. An optional fastening pin 130 may also be used to interlock bone blocks 100 and 120 together. In this aspect of the invention, fastening pin 130 is received through a central bore 121 in bone block and passes through bore 101 in protrusion 105, thereby fixedly interlocking the bone blocks together. In an alternate interlocking bone block configuration shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, bone blocks 110 and 130 are interlocked together by way of a groove 115 on bone block 110 receiving a notch 135 projecting from bone block 130 therein as shown.
In another aspect of the invention, the interlocked bone blocks (and the inserter) are tapered to compensate for the patient's lordotic angle. Specifically, FIG. 23 illustrates bone blocks 100 a and 120 a which are angled to display such tapering. Specifically, bone blocks 100 a and 120 a are shorter at their non-interlocked ends 104 and 124 than at their interlocked ends 102 and 122, as shown.
Increasing numbers of bone blocks will provide an increased surface area for support between the adjacent vertebrae. Accordingly, the present invention also encompasses inserting more than 2 bone blocks into the patient's intervertebral space, as follows. FIGS. 28 to 34 show sequential steps in inserting a quartet of bone blocks 200, 210, 220 and 230, as follows. In FIG. 28, a first bone block 200 is inserted into a patient's intervertebral space and rotated into position by inserter 202 received through cannula 204. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 29, inserter 202 is removed and push rod 213 is inserted through cannula 214, moving bone bock 200 in direction D1. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 30, a second block 210 is inserted into a patient's intervertebral space and rotated into position by inserter 212 received through cannula 214. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 31, inserter 212 is removed and push rod 203 is inserted through cannula 204, moving bone bock 210 in direction D2. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 31, a third block 220 is inserted into a patient's intervertebral space and rotated into position by inserter 202 received through cannula 204. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 33, inserter 202 is removed and push rod 213 is inserted through cannula 214, moving bone bock 220 in direction D1. Finally, as shown in FIG. 34, a fourth block 230 is positioned in the patient's intervertebral space using the above described methods. An optional temporary distractor 250 may be positioned in the patient's intervertebral space during the above described procedure to increase the access for sliding bone blocks 200, 210, 220 and 230 into position.
The illustrations of FIGS. 28 to 34 showing a quartet of bone blocks 200, 210, 220, and 230 inserted into the patient's intervertebral space is exemplary of the number of bone blocks which may be inserted into the intervertebral space. As such, more than four bone blocks, (for example 6, 8, 10 or more), may instead be used. In addition, odd numbers of bone blocks may be used as well, such as when dealing with non-symmetries in the patient's intervertebral space.
As can be seen in FIG. 35, an alternate bone block 10d can be fabricated into an I-beam shape. An advantage of bone block 10 d is its large vertebral support surfaces 13 d and 15 d. As seen in this design, (and as could be optionally included on other designs herein), grooves 26 d and 28 d on inserter 20 d project inwardly.
In various aspects of the invention, a bone block inserter is preferably received in a cannula which has been percutaneously introduced into the patient in a posterolateral approach. Referring to FIG. 17, inserter 20 is preferably advanced through cannula 40 into the patient's intervertebral space. As can be seen in FIG. 19, cannula 40 preferably has an oval shape or a racetrack shape wherein the shape of the cannula is defined by an ellipse having a major dimension 41 and a minor dimension 43.
As can be seen in FIGS. 6, 7, 19 and 20, inserter 20 has a cross-section which is defined by a major dimension 27 and a minor dimension 29. As can be seen in FIG. 19, inserter 20 is dimensioned to pass through cannula 40 when major dimension 27 and major dimension 41 are parallel. Rotation of inserter 20 by 90° during placement of bone block 10 between adjacent vertebrae 50 and 52 will cause inserter 20 to be oriented with its major dimension 27 (see FIGS. 6 and 7), oriented generally perpendicular to major dimension 41 of cannula 40 as shown in FIGS. 18 and 20.
Removal of inserter 20 through cannula 40 when inserter 20 is oriented as shown in FIGS. 18 and 20 can be accomplished as follows. Referring to FIG. 21, inserter 20 can be fabricated such that it can be broken apart into at least two longitudinally extending sections 150 and 152. Preferably, sections 150 and 152 will comprise opposite halves of the inserter, as shown.
Each of longitudinally extending sections 150 and 152 will have a height H2, (wherein H2 is half the distance of H1), which is less than minor dimension 43 of cannula 40. Accordingly, sections 150 and 152 can be separately withdrawn through cannula 40 one at a time while inserter 20 is positioned at shown in FIGS. 18 and 20. FIG. 22 shows inserter 20 after section 152 has been removed.
In another aspect of the invention, FIG. 37 shows a pair of bone blocks 300 and 310 angled to one another with ends of the inserts sutured together by suture 350 passing through holes 301 and 311 in bone blocks 300 and 310, respectively. FIG. 38 shows a pair of parallel bone blocks 300 and 310 sutured together at both ends by suture 350 passing through holes 301 and 311 in bone blocks 300 and 310 and suture 352 passing through holes 303 and 313 in bone blocks 300 and 310.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, as shown schematically in FIG. 36, bone block 10 has an electronic transducer 46 fabricated therein.
Bone block 10 has at least one surface 51 which will be loaded by repetitive spinal loading thereagainst. As shown in FIG. 36, bone block 10 may simultaneously be placed adjacent to vertebrae 50 and 52 with surfaces 51 and 53 being loaded by bone motion. In one preferred aspect, loading of transducer 46 will be provided by normal spinal loading.
Transducer 46 operates to generate an electric current when it is subjected to stress loading. Transducer 46 can comprise a piezoelectric crystal which generates an electric current when bone block 20 is subjected to normal repetitive loading through the patient's spine. Alternatively, transducer 46 can comprise a battery which continuously generates an electric current. A wire 43 operates to deliver the generated current to a preferred bone, bone graft or other area for bone formation. The body of bone dowel 10 may itself act as a ground for wire 43. Transducer 46 operates to produce electrical voltage and current of a type and in an amount sufficient to induce osteogenesis in the bone. Specifically, a preferred current is in the range of 1 to 10 microamps/cm2, and most at least about 2.5 microamps/cm2.
removing the inserter from the intervertebral space.
engaging convexly curved camming surfaces on the inserter against the adjacent vertebrae.
advancing the inserter through a cannula which has been percutaneously introduced into the patient.
the cannula is introduced in a posterolateral approach.
the cannula has an oval or racetrack-shaped cross section, the cross section being defined by an ellipse having a major dimension and a minor dimension.
the inserter has a cross section defined by a major dimension and a minor dimension, wherein rotation of the inserter causes the major dimension of the inserter to be disposed perpendicular to the adjacent vertebrae.
removing separate sections of the inserter through the cannula when the major dimension of the cross section of the inserter is perpendicular to the major dimension of the cross section of the cannula.
rotating the inserter about a central longitudinal axis passing therethrough.
withdrawing the inserter while simultaneously holding the bone block in a stationary position with a push rod, the push rod being slidably received in a longitudinally extending bore in the inserter.
rotating the push rod to unscrew the push rod from the bone block, thereby disconnecting the push rod from the bone block.
rotating the bone block to an anchored position such that vertebral support surfaces on the bone block engage the adjacent vertebrae, holding the bone block in position and slidably withdrawing the inserter from the bone block.
removing the inserter in sections, with each of the sections extending the longitudinal length of the inserter.
the sections comprise two opposite halves of the inserter.
a bone block received between the two prongs.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein, each prong has an outer convexly curved camming surface.
the two prongs are disposed on opposite sides of the bone block, with each prong having a longitudinally extending groove on an inner surface adjacent the bone block.
wherein the lateral protrusions on the bone block are dimensioned to mate with the longitudinally extending grooves on the inner surfaces of the prongs such that the bone block can slide longitudinally between the prongs.
the inserter comprises a first half and a second half which are separable from one another such that the first and second halves can be separately withdrawn through the cannula.
a cannula dimensioned to receive the inserter therein.
the bone block has at least one anchoring fin.
the bone block is cannulated along its length.
a fastening pin dimensioned to be received in the cannulation in the bone block.
a second bone block, wherein the second bone block is adapted to interlock with the bone block.
a bone block received between the two prongs, wherein the two prongs are disposed on opposite sides of the bone block, with each prong having a longitudinally extending groove on an inner surface adjacent the bone block.
a bone block received between the two prongs, the bone block having lateral protrusions which are dimensioned to mate with the longitudinally extending grooves on the inner surfaces of the prongs such that the bone block can slide longitudinally between the prongs.
Cargill et al., "Current and future approaches to lumbar disc surgery: A literature review" Medscape Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, http://www.medscape.com/Medscape/OrthoSportsMed/1997/v01.n11/m.../mos3057.alleyne.html (printed from World Wide Web: Mar. 15, 1998) 20 pages total.
Kambin et al., "History and current status of percutaneous arthroscopic disc surgery" Spine (1996) 21(24S):57S-61S.
ES2248049T3 (en) 2006-03-16 intervertebral spacers with internal cavity accessible through a side wall.
ES2347444T3 (en) 2010-10-29 Systems and techniques to restore and maintain intervertebral anatomy.


text:
Brinks Truck Spills Cash All Over Indiana Highway And People Do Exactly As You'd Expect
By Kara Goldfarb
"...something out of a movie scene, where you have bills, loose bills flying all over the interstate, vehicles stopping, people getting out of their cars."
Fox59 News People jumped over fences to fill their pockets, but could be charged with theft
The Brink's Company is an American security and protection company, which could be considered ironic considering what happened on the morning of May 2, 2018.
Those going westbound on I-70 near Holt Road in Indianapolis likely witnessed bags of money falling out onto the interstate as the back door of a Brinks armored truck swung open, allowing hundreds of thousands of dollars to flow free. Authorities on the scene first estimated the total as $600,000, but later stated to reporters at WTTV that the amount wasn't known.
ISP Corporal Brock McCooe told WTTV it was "sort of something out of a movie scene, where you have bills, loose bills flying all over the interstate, vehicles stopping, people getting out of their cars."
But it wasn't just people getting out of their cars. Troopers reported people from the adjacent neighborhood jumping over fences to get their hands on the loose cash. McCooe described the scene as "pretty chaotic," saying, "I guess it's not every day you see thousands of dollars just floating around on the interstate during your morning commute."
Now authorities are asking for those who took the cash to return it. State police spokesman Sgt. John Perrine urged people who collected money to return it and stated that anyone who picked up money could potentially be charged with theft.
Additionally, they're asking people to provide tips on vehicles or individuals who they suspect took money, stating that they've already received tips with the license plate numbers of vehicles who stopped to pick up the money. In particular, police are looking for a school bus driver who stopped to grab cash as well as four individuals who were in a white pickup truck who left with bags of the money.
"If you're willing to, in good conscience, turn it back in, there's amnesty, there's no real questions asked if you're willing to give it back," McCooe said.
Officers blocked traffic so that they could help collect the scattered bills, but there is still an undetermined amount unaccounted for.
It's unclear whether it was a mechanical or human error that caused the incident. The driver of the Brinks truck told police that he only realized the door had opened when he spotted another driver waving and pointing at the back of his truck.
If you found this interesting, you may also want to read about the time raw sewage spilled onto Dodger Stadium. Then check out the story of the mysterious $43 million found in an empty Nigerian apartment.
Kara Goldfarb
Kara Goldfarb is a writer living in New York City.
Potential Peeping Tom Found Dead Behind Wall In Women's Bathroom
Study Suggests Possible Link Between Cell Phone Use And Brain Cancer


Your very Own Magento Easy Contact Form Plus - Build a Great Rapport with Customers!
Magento store owners find this simple and efficient Easy Contact form Plus to manage customers and visitors to their online stores. This application is preferred to email communications (spam robots hog them!) as they tend to overload the database queries. The store owners are happy to extend a pleasant customer experience (to their buyers and visitors) with this simple, custom-built contact form.
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Fields like Dropdown, Radiobutton, Texfield, and Checkbox can be added, and validation for each field can be done individually.
Administrator or store owner can access the Grid view of inquiry reports where all contact requests made by the customers.
Creating an e-mail template for customer inquiry is simple. E-mail notifications enable the store admin to get in touch with the customers.
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Creating a customized Easy Contact Form plus for your store makes interaction with your customers easy. Their queries and feedbacks are attended to spontaneously for effective user engagement. An extension that simplifies follow up and saves time, is a cool buy! Contact us today for your very own Contact form.


I fixed my blog, hooray! If you're reading this, you're looking at the new way to consume my blog. Hopefully not too different from the old way.
Postmortem: blosxom.cgi (my old python blogging platform) bit the dust for unknown reasons. I didn't investigate too hard. I'm skeptical of anything ending in .cgi (or actually, any kind of self-hosting these days). So I'm over on Github Pages, with Jekyll, and hopefully that means everything is good and you can read my blog.
Unfortunately, I think this also means I broke a bunch of URLs. I don't even know what my old url scheme is. If it bugs you (maybe you bookmarked a post of mine) I'd like to fix the urls, but I don't even have any idea what my old schema was, so someone will have to tell me what they expect to see. :) Thanks.


text:
Linnaeus University Search Main Menu
Meet Linnaeus University
Knowledge environments
About Linnaeus University
Work at the university
Great interest in course on drones and their applications
They arrived from all over the world. Students mainly, but also a pilot, a forklift driver, and a software developer. The summer course on drones at Linnaeus University drew 17 participants and will now be offered as a regular 7.5 credit course in autumn 2020.
Perhaps diversity is the best word used to describe the course Drones and Its Applications. The 17 participants on the summer course came from China, the US, Ukraine, Ethiopia, and Sweden. Half of the participants were women. The majority were students, but one was a pilot, one was a forklift driver, and one was a software developer.
"Most were just curious and wanted to learn more, but two of the participants had plans on using drones professionally. One within film and photography and the other within the nature experience industry", says Patrik Elm, senior lecturer in computer science, who has developed the drone course together with his colleague Mexhid Ferati and the doctoral student Niraj Chaudhary.
"I've used drones privately for a couple of years and when visiting a partner university in California it came to my knowledge that they use drones within a number of different fields. That's when I got the idea for this course", says Patrik Elm.
From basic flying to 3D modelling and ethics
The course comprised 7.5 credits and was offered by the Department of Informatics at Linnaeus University Summer Academy this summer. A large part of the course elements were practical, like flying and handling. There were also theoretical classes with focus on ethics, legislation, and fields of application (film, surveillance, agriculture, entertainment, etc.) The course also contained lectures and laboratory experiments where the aim was for the students to learn 3D modelling using photographs taken by a drone.
"The final examination consisted of two different parts: to develop a 3D model of an art item outside Kalmar Castle, and to produce a 3–5 minute video where the student tells a story using drone material", Patrik Elm continues.
New course autumn 2020
Our experiences from the course have resulted in the fact that we will now offer the course as a regular course starting autumn 2020. There are also plans to develop the course further and combine programming and drones by using a new, programmable drone model. The potential is great, not only in education but in research as well.
Every now and then, the university receives criticism for offering courses that are "unacademic". Are you not afraid that this course may be considered a play course?
"When new subjects and courses are created, people easily become suspicious that pleasure is the field of subject's only area of use. However, you can draw a parallel to gaming and game development which today is an important field for so much else, for instance simulation", Patrik Elm continues.
"Drones are becoming more and more useful tools in society. The areas of use are diverse and it's really only our imagination that limits in what ways we use drones. The technology in drones, like sensors and software, can be found also in, for instance, self-driving vehicles", Patrik Elm concludes.
Patrik Elm Senior lecturer
patrikelmlnuse
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The Moscow Musical Theatre Rossiya is equipped in L-ISA Hyperreal Sound technology, which delivers multidimensional audio using the L-ISA Processor through object based mixing achieved in L-ISA Controller software. L-ISA works by taking post-fader, post-processing outputs for each channel and creating signal feeds for each speaker or speaker group. These feeds—up to 96 sound objects—go to the L-ISA Processor, a multicore spatial audio processing engine that that can place those objects in a three-dimensional sound field using a combination of the L-ISA Controller software parameters: Pan, Width, Distance, Elevation, and Aux Send.
Desk Link allows operators to control those parameters for designated L-ISA channels directly from the theatre's DiGiCo SD10 console and store / recall them using the console's snapshot engine. This ability to localise and move up to 96 objects in the 3D sound field, with the heightened resolution of multiple speaker hangs, brings sound designers greater creative freedom, and the potential for a more immersive, visceral experience for the audience.
The installed L-Acoustics configuration comprises five hangs of nine Kiva II ultra-compact modular line source elements across the stage to create the main L-ISA Scene system. That is augmented by an Extension system to both sides of the Scene, consisting of two hangs of six Kiva II. Low frequencies are taken care of by two hangs of three SB18 subs flown either side of the central Kiva II hang. Importantly, all arrays are hung well above the stage, outside the audience's line-of-sight.
Moscow Musical Theatre wanted to take an innovative and exciting approach to sound design in their new location, the remodelled and refurbished Rossiya Theatre on Moscow's famous Pushkinskaya Square. The Theatre's repertoire ranges from a rock opera production of Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment, to a fusion of circus performance with operetta and musical genres in The Circus Princess, and a retelling of Cinderella for a more mature audience. Its ambitious and creative stagecraft, under the guidance of Artistic Director Mikhail Shvydkoy, draws international audiences and A-List artists.
The challenge of specifying the PA system for the new venue was given to Stage Audio, a long-standing partner of the theatre. Along with the client's creative requirements, maximum audience coverage and an accurate sound-stage were the priorities. According to Stage Audio, once those needs had been identified, L-ISA was the obvious solution and, together with L-Acoustics and its Russian distributor Sonoruss, designed and installed the new L-ISA configuration.
Moscow Musical Theatre Rossiya is the world's first permanent installation of L-ISA Hyperreal Sound technology in a musical theatre environment. The system achieves extremely natural sound, accurate localization, and ultra-high spatial resolution. This gives superior separation of sound sources resulting in greater intelligibility and richly detailed musical content. The result is particularly advantageous in a live theatre environment where audio inputs are numerous and varied, including in the course of a single production. At times there may be one soloist or one actor speaking; at other times there may be a full orchestra and a chorus singing complex harmonies. By clear separation and localization of sound objects, L-ISA Hyperreal Sound allows Moscow Musical Theatre to deliver excellent sound that engages and connects with the public more directly. Furthermore, the ease of use of the L-ISA Ecosystem, which inserts directly into a well-known audio production workflow downstream of the mixing console makes achieving spatialized audio more simple than it has even been with ad hoc approaches.