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Business • Financial Services • SDGs
Astamuse to Enter Into a Corporate Evaluation Score Agreement with Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation and Begin Support for SDGs Funds
-Providing Logic for Determining Mid- to Long-term Growth Areas and Competitiveness Assessment Scores for Intangible Assets-
astamuse (head office: Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, President & CEO: Ayumu Nagai, hereinafter "astamuse") has begun collaborations with the Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation (head office: Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, President & CEO: Iwao Nagashima, hereinafter "Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking") on the management of a fund aimed at solving social issues (hereinafter "Global SDGs Innovator Fund (tentative)") handling globally listed stocks.
As part of their collaboration, the companies have entered into an agreement where astamuse is to provide logic for selecting areas for medium- to long-term growth using the inflow of R&D subsidies, and competitiveness evaluation scores on stocks based on their intangible assets.
The use of alternative data in investment strategies and asset management has gained momentum, particularly among overseas financial institutions. It has also begun to see use within Japan as well.
In addition, in the Japanese capital market, the Stewardship Code and the revision of the Corporate Governance Code has led to an increase in discussions on intangible assets.
With this backdrop, astamuse began working with Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking in 2019 to develop and test a fund management method using data on intangible assets. Specifically, the method uses the following process to select areas of medium- to long-term growth, as well as listed stocks that contribute to SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals).
・Creating logic to use astamuse's proprietary data on the inflow of global R&D subsidies combined with corporate R&D expenditures, to select areas predicted to have good growth medium- to long-term
・Defining and scoring methods to assess the competitiveness of intangible assets (patents) for each growth area, based on the unique characteristics of each area
Having confirmed the efficacy of the logic and data in investment decision making, astamuse will enter into an agreement to provide information gained via the logic and data with Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking starting June 2021. Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking will establish a Global SDGs Innovator Fund (tentative name) using this logic and data. The fund will be the first of its kind in Japan, and is to use patent and R&D subsidy data as its primary data source.
After the fund begins, they will have regular discussions and reviews with Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking on data utilization and make every effort to manage the fund to create medium- to long-term performance improvement.
astamuse contributes to corporate management and investment transparency by providing objective data and corporate value assessment scores for investment strategies and asset management, and by operating the engagement platform "THE CODE" ( https://www.thecode-online.com/ ).
About astamuse ( https://www.astamuse.co.jp/ )
astamuse built one of the world's largest intangible asset databases, with over 700 million items spanning 193 countries and 39 languages, and categorized and analyzed 136 uniquely defined growth areas and 105 social issues humanity faces to solve. It has developed an algorithm founded on perspectives based in areas, corporations, and individuals to automatically produce accurate predictions, and provide services that quantify intangible assets, make predictions, and conduct technical analysis using a broad range of client data through consulting, alternative data and score sales, corporate value assessments, the specialized personnel SaaS "SCOPE", and their engagement platform, THE CODE, using data for industrial business, financial institutions/investors, and public bodies.
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9/11/2014 - "Dawns Silver Lining" Receives International Design Award
Brad Anderson or Kay Quinn
kay.quinn@salina.org
SOUTH NINTH STREET COMMUNITY ART & DESIGN PROJECT "DAWN'S SILVER LINING" RECEIVES
INTERNATIONAL DESIGN AWARD
(SALINA, KS 09-14) Salina Arts & Humanities and the City of Salina recently learned that "Dawn's Silver Lining," the large-scale public art work on South Ninth Street designed by artist Barbara Grygutis and installed in Fall 2012, has received the 2014 Juror's Choice CODAaward for the Public Spaces category . The CODAawards are presented by CODAworx, (Collaboration of Design + Art) a global organization based in Madison, WI that celebrates design projects that demonstrate successful collaboration and integration of commissioned art into interior, architectural or public space. CODA also recognizes exemplary creative work in film and video, through a separate awards program
The 2014 CODAawards drew 366 submissions from 32 countries. Winners include artists, architects, designers, art consultants and public-art agencies. A panel of 16 jurors including David Rockfeller, Jr and architect Hugh Hardy selected winners in 10 categories, plus two People's Choice awards.
Both beautiful and intricate, "Dawn's Silver Lining," a six-part aluminum sculpture, reflects the Kansas landscape during sunrise and sunset. Grygutis was inspired by the silhouettes of shelter-belt trees that are a familiar visual element of rural Kansas.
The focal tree forms of "Dawn's Silver Lining" were translated during production into durable and low-maintenance laser-cut aluminum. The semi-transparent sculptural encasements deflect natural and artificial light around the forms, creating changes in color and mood within a 24-hour time period. The piece is situated on a major commercial roadway and one of Salina's primary southern entryways. "Dawn's Silver Lining" was officially dedicated on November 1, 2012.
The creation of "Dawn's Silver Lining" as a public-art work also was influenced by long-range goals to enhance Salina's infrastructure, including its interstate entrances and major arteries, while welcoming local residents and regional travelers. South Ninth Street also played a significant role in the historic development of Salina and its continued growth.
"Dawn's Silver Lining" was selected as a 2014 CODAaward honoree as an example of the cooperation and engagement between numerous public and civic entities, as a commissioned, permanent art work. A project-site committee, engineers, architects, fabricators and other professionals contributed time and talent. From initial concept and planning stages to fabrication and installation, the public-art process for "Dawn's Silver Lining" ensured that relevant and critical stakeholders were as well-informed as possible, according to CODAaward organizers.
"It is an honor to have this project recognized with CODA's top award in the Public Spaces category," says Brad Anderson, Salina Arts & Humanities director. "Salina should be proud that this work has been recognized amongst projects submitted by larger cities with much larger budgets." Grygutis remarked that "Working in Salina was an experience all the way around" and appreciated working with many project partners that played a role in the design, fabrication and installation processes.
In addition to the online record and recognition of the 2014 CODAawards, Interior Design magazine has dedicated a two-page spread specifically to "Dawn's Silver Lining" in its August 2014 issue. The CODAawards for which Salina's "Dawn's Silver Lining" was chosen is the first juror's award for work in a public space ever awarded by the group in the state of Kansas.
For additional information on the CODAawards program, contact Roze Pirvany at CODAworx at
roze@codaworx.com or at 608-467-3040 in Madison, WI.
Go to https://www.codaworx.com/project/dawn-s-silver-lining-city-of-salina-kansas-arts-and-humanities-commission or http://www.interiordesign.net/articles/detail/36337-building-a-partnership-2014-codaawards-celebrate-multidisciplinary-design/ for additional award details and images.
For needed accommodations, please call Kathy Burlew at Salina Arts & Humanities at 785-309-5770 between 8:00 a.m. - Noon and 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Every effort will be made to accommodate known disabilities. For material or speech access, please call at least five working days prior to the event.
Salina Arts & Humanities, a department of the City of Salina, has served a unique role in arts advocacy and support since 1966. The Smoky Hill River Festival, Horizons Grants Program, Smoky Hill Museum, Arts Infusion Program in schools, Community Art & Design, Cultural Connections, and Art a la Carte concert series are among the programs of Salina Arts & Humanities, located at 211 W. Iron Avenue in Salina.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


On January 21, 2014 at 10:30 p.m. Anaheim Police were called to an Anaheim Hills home to investigate a residential burglary. The victims, a family of four, reported a male suspect had broken into their home while they were getting ready for bed. The male homeowner confronted the suspect, who then ran from the home. The homeowner gave chase and caught up to the suspect in the front yard. After a brief struggle, the suspect was able to get away.
Responding Officers and Crime Scene Technicians conducted a thorough initial investigation which resulted in the collection of DNA believed to belong to the suspect. The DNA sample was submitted to the Orange County Crime Lab and earlier this week a suspect profile was obtained.
Based on the DNA evidence, Anaheim Police Burglary Detectives established probable cause to arrest Nathan Christopher Duc, 25 (10-18-89), of Anaheim for the residential burglary described above. This afternoon, Duc was stopped by Orange Police Officers who encountered him on an unrelated car stop in their city. Anaheim Police Burglary Detectives responded to the scene and arrested Duc. He was later booked at our Detention Facility for Residential Burglary and is being held on $50.000 bail.


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R.H. Crawford driver takes first place at PMTA PA Truck Driving Championship
The 2015 PMTA Pennsylvania Truck Driving Championship was held recently at Harrisburg Area Community College.
R.H. Crawford driver takes first place at PMTA PA Truck Driving Championship The 2015 PMTA Pennsylvania Truck Driving Championship was held recently at Harrisburg Area Community College. Check out this story on eveningsun.com: https://www.eveningsun.com/story/money/2015/06/16/r-h-crawford-driver-takes-first-place-at/32377543/
Hanover Published 2:04 p.m. ET June 16, 2015
R.H. Crawford s Team, from left, are Gary Anspach, Clint Grimm, Greg Warner, John Burns, Jake Krichten and Brian Smeltzer. (Photo: Submitted)
R.H. Crawford's Team, from left, are Gary Anspach, Clint Grimm, Greg Warner, John Burns, Jake Krichten and Brian Smeltzer.
Warner was this year's first place winner and will be heading to St. Louis, Missouri, for the National Competition Aug. 11-15.
The 2014 Grand Champion was Brian Smeltzer who participated in the opening ceremonies and threw out the first pitch at the Senators Game on June 12.
Read or Share this story: https://www.eveningsun.com/story/money/2015/06/16/r-h-crawford-driver-takes-first-place-at/32377543/


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Grateful Web Interview with Marco Benevento
Article Contributed by Vinh Nguyen | Published on Tuesday, August 18, 2015
A live act virtuoso and seemingly always sparked by his curiosity and musical adventurism, Marco Benevento, is developing another instrument – his voice, which is featured in his 5th and latest record Swift. Just coming off his performance and celebration at the Gathering of the Vibes 20th anniversary, Marco graciously talks to Grateful Web in the late hours, just after midnight. Marco talks vocals, piano, Swift…goats, royal potato & Bob Dylan.
GW: Marco, this is Vinh from Grateful Web. How's it going?
Marco: Going good. Sorry, I missed your call earlier. Reed [Reed Mathis of Tea Leaf Green] just sort of decided to spend a couple of days with me right after Gathering of the Vibes.
GW: No, it's fine. How was Gathering of the Vibes?
Marco: It was their 20th anniversary. I just played there with Branford Marsalis, Warren Haynes, Joe Russo, and Jackie Greene. Reed was there playing with Billy Kreutzmann and his band. He just decided to come and hangout after the fest because he has a couple days off before his next tour – and he has not been out to my house.
GW: That's cool. Wasn't Reed part of your trio way back.
Marco: Yep, he was. He's on the first three records.
[Marco Benevento first three albums: Love at Tonic, Invisible Baby, Me Not Me.]
GW: Your latest album is Swift, which is said to be your "boldest and most bracing" album of your career. Can you elaborate?
[Swift album: https://shop.royalpotatofamily.com/product/marco-benevento-swift/]
Marco: It's the first record where I'm singing. The focal point is not really so much around the piano but it's more around the singing and the songs. So, there is less improvisation and more…groove oriented music and doesn't involve a lot of changes.
GW: Your last album TigerFace has two tracks or so with vocals. What were the factors that pushed you towards adding the vocal instrument?
Marco: The door opened with adding vocals to my music with Kalmia from Rubblebucket. She's the lovely vocalist on TigerFace on the first two songs. I love Rubblebucket very much. To have her sing on it was such a blast. It was a treat for me because I'm a huge fan of their music. When I heard the vocals I thought, "oh, I should try to sing it myself". So instead of missing Kalmia vocals when we're playing gigs, somebody could actually take that role. I decided to do it myself. Realistically, we have five records out and one of them has vocals. Half the show is instrumental and half is more vocal oriented. I think in a night of lots of improvisation and instrumental music it's nice to throw in some nice simple vocal melodies to change the night around a little bit. In a way, we get people's attention more, they start dancing more and sing along.
GW: How's the vocal endeavor going so far and is it going to continue?
Marco: I enjoy doing it very much and I've been doing it with various other projects. I'm learning a new instrument for sure but it feels very natural to do.
GW: Do you feel you're more expressive with the vocals versus just the instrument?
Marco: Yes, it's more expressive. It's sort of hops into another genre in a way leaving the experimental rock and jazz thing. It puts it into this almost radio friendly sounding music.
GW: My understanding was that Swift had been recorded and then you re-recorded the album with Richard Swift?
Marco: No, that's not true. We went to the studio and recorded the record there. We had made some demos at my place. We also made demos in Oakland, California. Then, we just went to Richard Swift's place and made the record in three days.
GW: You had quoted "I was sick of going back to my studio and turning a session into something else. I wanted my process to be different". How was the process different with Richard Swift?
Marco: After we recorded, I left everything in his hands. He finished it all as far as the mixing, possible editing ideas and whatnot. I had never recorded a session and then taken my hands off the session, "alright, you mix it, let me know when you're done, then we'll get it mastered…I trust what you do". I've never done that with my own band. It was nice to just play the music, leave, two weeks later get the mixes, and from a tasteful musician that I respect hear something that he feels is good. It's like, 'oh, cool!'. Richard saw the vision and he made it sound as good as he could. To me, it was nice and it was different. It was also cool to be sort of an outsider as far as the finish product goes. On other records, I've taken them home, overdubbed tons of keyboards, edited stuff around, made the ending the intro, the intro the ending and changed lots of stuff around – musically speaking. It was nice to just commit to what we've played. It was sort of a hands off experience.
GW: You're obviously happy with the record.
Marco: Yes for what we did, that was exactly what I wanted to do at the time. I'm extremely happy with it.
GW: That's going to happen in the future as well?
Macro: The next time I'm going to make it in my own studio…inspired by Richard's studio and all these other studios I've been to. I've collected a bunch of gear. I have my own place and I feel like I'm ready.
GW: There is a track on Swift – I just saw a kind of cool video on it. Actually, the whole album seems like a lot of fun including this video/track "If I Get To See You At All" at a farm house, young kids playing with you, and roosters running around. Any meaning behind that song?
[Marco Benevento Videos: http://marcobenevento.com/index.php/video/]
Marco: There's really no meaning behind the song. The whole video came up because of my relationship with GoPro…works for GoPro. He sent me some cameras to make my first video for the record "At The Show", which is a black and white video. Then, he gave me some more cameras to make another video and that was "If I Get To See You At All". That was just my experiment with their cameras around my property. There were also some footages of some shows we did in the fall.
GW: Yeah, I saw that you had mixed some concert shows into the video.
Marco: Yeah, it was more my own experimentation with that camera. I was just messing around and whatever. I just decided to put it up on YouTube as the video for the song. It's more like a personal journey for that particular time.
GW: Those are your kids?
Marco: Yep!
GW: Looks like they're having a good ole time with you. I see roosters running around.
Marco: Oh yeah, we have a good time together. We have chickens and goats. We have bees as well.
GW: Do you like living out there – in a more rural place like that?
Marco: Yes, I was in Brooklyn for ten years. Before Brooklyn, I was in Boston for four or five years. I did about 15 years of city living. I thought it was time to get some more space and live somewhere I can have a studio and have a little more room to raise kids. We have two kids. And, I have like over 50 keyboards/pianos so it's hard to live in an apartment with all that stuff.
GW: Yeah, you definitely need more space. Speaking of pianos, a buddy of mine and I were at one of your concerts and noticed your piano with all the effects and I guess pickups attached to the back of the piano. What is that?
Marco: The way the piano is rigged up is pretty simple. There are what they call transducer pickups taped to the back of the piano. Basically, they allow me to have a quarter inch out on my piano. You can buy these things anywhere really. They have pickups for a cello, an upright bass or an acoustic guitar even. Then, it goes in various pedals and guitar amps and allows me to have distortion and tremolo delay on the piano itself which is very unique…and mixed in with the clean sound of the piano is my favorite thing these days.
GW: Yeah, we saw all that hanging off your piano and thought 'whoah!' Great concert – it was fun.
Marco: Awesome!
GW: That's not a setup you learned at the Berklee College of Music?
Marco: No, it was something that happened by accident. I was at my house and trying to figure out basically how to get effects on the piano (live) aside from sticking a mic in the piano then running a mic into effects and what not – which would be disastrous. I was at my desk thinking about that. I happened to open a drawer that had this old acoustic guitar pickup in it. It was a Dean Markley $20 or $30 guitar pickup and thought what if I stuck this on the piano. It would actually pick up the sound of the piano because you stick it on the guitar and it picks up the sound of the guitar. It kind of sucks for a guitar because a guitar isn't as loud like a piano. And, those cheap pickups don't really work that well. But for a piano, it works great; it's a lot louder because of the soundboard. So, I plugged that into my amp -- the one I used on the road, the Sears Silvertone amp. It has a tremolo on it. When I played the piano through the amp and turned the tremolo on, I was like 'oh shit'; this is the beginning of something cool.
GW: [Laughing] And you've used it ever since?
Marco: Yeah basically, maybe like higher end transducer pickups that picks up and sounds a lot better. I also figured out which pedals can respond better to the piano. You can't go to Guitar Center and say 'I need a distortion pedal for a piano'. So, you have to really experiment with the distortion pedal because they're all different.
GW: With that rig, do you have technical difficulties or failures at concerts?
Marco: Surprisingly, the piano and the effects on my piano are the least of my worries. I've never run into any problems. Knock on wood with the piano. I run into problems with the vocals because I run vocals through effects as well. That could be tricky. Yes, for the most part, it's been running pretty smoothly.
GW: Great. Last thing here. You co-founded the label The Royal Potato Family. What do you do specifically for that label?
[The Royal Potato Family: http://royalpotatofamily.com/]
Marco: I was the one that decided to use that name for the label.
GW: The Royal Potato Family
Marco: That was a name that comes from a joke that Bob Dylan told our drummer, Matt Chamberlain.
GW: Oh yeah? What was the joke?
Marco: The joke is 'You got a royal potato family. You got a king potato, a queen potato and a princess potato. The princess potato turns 18 and it was time for her to go out and find a man to get married. She went on a date with the first guy and she brought him home. The king didn't like him at all. So, she went out with a bunch of other dudes and found another one that she liked. She came home and the king said no no no this guy is a flake – try to find someone else. She went out for the third time. A month later, she finds Dan Rather. She comes back with Dan Rather. She tells the king I want to marry this guy. I'm ready. This is it. The king says you can't marry him; he's just a commentator'.
GW: [Silent pause]. That just went way over my head man. [laughing] It's late. Ok, that's all from me Marco. You got upcoming tour dates in August, looks like a busy tour schedule in October 2015 and an even a busier schedule in September 2015. [Marco Benevento Tour Schedule: http://marcobenevento.com/index.php/tour-dates/]
We're looking forward to seeing you out there and hearing some more of you.
Marco: Alright, I'll see you soon my man.
GW: Ok, I appreciate it Marco.
[The punchline of the Royal Potato Family joke eventually came to me 15 minutes after the interview. Texted Marco, I got it – 'common potato'. Marco replied, 'common tater'.]
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Geiserich (auch Genserich, Gaiserich oder wandalisch Gaisarīks bedeutet "Speerfürst"; * um 389; † 25. Januar 477 in Karthago) war König bzw. rex der Vandalen von 428 bis 477 und Gründer des Vandalischen Reiches im römischen Africa.

Leben
Geiserich wurde um 389 als unehelicher Sohn des vandalischen Anführers Godigisel und einer Unfreien geboren. Godegisel war einer der Anführer (rex) eines vor allem, aber nicht nur, aus Vandalen und Alanen bestehenden Kriegerverbandes, der sich seit 409 in Spanien aufhielt. Ob man rex mit "König" übersetzen kann, ist im Kontext der Völkerwanderungszeit umstritten.

Nach dem Tod seines Halbbruders Gunderich wurde Geiserich im Jahr 428 dessen Nachfolger als rex Vandalorum et Alanorum (König der Vandalen und Alanen). Gunderichs Witwe und Söhne ließ er ermorden, um seine Herrschaft zu sichern. Geiserich hatte drei Söhne, nämlich Hunerich, Theuderik († 479/81) und Gento († vor 477), sowie möglicherweise eine namentlich nicht bekannte Tochter. Die Namen seiner Gemahlinnen sind nicht überliefert.

Der vandalische Verband hielt sich zu dieser Zeit weiterhin in Spanien auf, wurde aber unter anderem von den als foederati in römischen Diensten stehenden Westgoten bedrängt. Im Jahr 429 setzten die Vandalen zusammen mit den Alanen von Iulia Traducta aus nach Nordafrika über (siehe auch Völkerwanderung). Der Hintergrund ist umstritten. Nach dem spätantiken Historiker Prokopios von Caesarea wurde Geiserich angeblich vom weströmischen Feldherrn Bonifatius zu Hilfe gerufen, der sich mit Flavius Felix, dem obersten Heermeister des Westreichs, zerstritten hatte. In der modernen Forschung ist jedoch umstritten, ob die Geschichte Prokops im Kern auf Fakten basiert. Als wahrscheinlicher gilt vielen Forschern, dass es sich um ein sorgfältig geplantes, die gegenwärtige militärische Schwäche Roms ausnutzendes Unternehmen handelte. Bereits andere Heerführer wie Alarich I. und Athaulf hatten zuvor versucht, das strategisch sehr wichtige Africa einzunehmen; die Idee war also naheliegend. Schon 425 hatten die Vandalen zudem ihre nautischen Fähigkeiten unter Beweis gestellt und waren bis zur Provinz Mauretania gesegelt. Salvianus von Massilia behauptet sogar, dass Geiserich die Eroberung Afrikas als eine ihm von Gott gestellte Aufgabe gesehen habe.

15.000 bis 20.000 Krieger mit ihren Frauen und Kindern – zusammen etwa 80.000 Menschen – gingen jedenfalls in Afrika an Land (vielleicht in Tingis, vielleicht aber auch weiter östlich) und begannen zunächst ihren Marsch nach Osten in Richtung Karthago. Neben Vandalen und Alanen gehörten dem Verband auch Soldaten anderer Herkunft an, insbesondere wohl Goten. Da sie die stark befestigte Stadt Karthago nicht einnehmen konnten, wandten sie sich wieder nach Westen und zogen die Küste entlang nach Hippo Regius. Auf ihrem Weg dorthin kam es zum Kampf mit dem inzwischen vom Kaiser als comes Africae bestätigten Bonifatius, in dem die Vandalen Sieger blieben. Bonifatius, der nur über schwache Truppenkontingente verfügte, musste sich mit dem Rest seiner Streitkräfte in die Stadt zurückziehen. Der Kirchenvater Augustinus war zu dieser Zeit Bischof der Stadt. Im Juni 430 begannen die Vandalen die Belagerung der Stadt, die erst 431, nach vierzehn Monaten, fiel. Bonifatius, dem es gelungen war, vor dem Fall aus der Stadt zu entkommen, schloss sich mit dem vom oströmischen Reich entsandten Heermeister Aspar zusammen. Zwei Jahre später (432) kam es erneut zu einer Schlacht zwischen Römern und Vandalen; wieder blieben Letztere aber Sieger. Während Aspar nun die Verteidigung Karthagos übernahm, kehrte Bonifatius an den Hof nach Ravenna zurück, um dort den Posten als oberster Heermeister des Westreiches zu übernehmen und gegen seinen Rivalen Flavius Aëtius zu kämpfen. In diesem Bürgerkrieg fand er allerdings den Tod.

Geiserich konnte schließlich 435 einen offiziellen Bündnisvertrag (foedus) mit Ravenna, wo inzwischen Aëtius der starke Mann war, schließen, der ihm die Kontrolle wichtiger Gebiete überließ. Nachdem die Römer vier Jahre später (439) eine schwere Niederlage gegen die Westgoten erlitten hatten, nutzte Geiserich die günstige Gelegenheit, brach das foedus und nahm am 19. Oktober 439 die Metropole Karthago ein. Im Jahr 441 scheiterte eine römische Gegenoffensive, und im folgenden Jahr (442) wurde Geiserich durch ein neues foedus als erster rex eines "germanischen" Reiches auf dem Boden des Imperiums vom weströmischen Kaiser Valentinian III. faktisch als eigenständiger Herrscher anerkannt, auch wenn Africa offiziell Teil des Imperium Romanum blieb. Der Vertrag sah zudem vor, dass Geiserichs Sohn Hunerich die Kaisertochter Eudocia heiraten solle, sobald diese alt genug sein würde. Hunerichs bisherige Gattin, eine Tochter des westgotischen rex, wurde verstümmelt zu ihrem Vater geschickt. Geiserich leistete aber später Aëtius keine Unterstützung in seinen Kämpfen gegen die Hunnen, sondern scheint sich 450 vielmehr mit Attila gegen Aëtius und die Westgoten verbündet zu haben.

In Africa etablierte Geiserich, der noch im Jahr 442 eine Verschwörung blutig unterdrücken musste (vielleicht gehört die Verstümmelung der gotischen Prinzessin auch erst in diesen Zusammenhang), ein Reich, welches für fast hundert Jahre bestand und vor allem für den weströmischen Staat und Italien eine ernsthafte Bedrohung darstellte. Africa war dicht besiedelt und galt als die Kornkammer Roms und Italiens; es war somit von enormer strategischer und wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung und erbrachte gewaltige Steuereinnahmen, die Westrom nun fehlten, was fatale Folgen haben sollte. Geiserich konnte nun den Kaiser erpressen, griff seit 440 immer wieder in die weströmische Innenpolitik ein und stoppte zu diesem Zweck wiederholt die lebenswichtigen Getreidelieferungen nach Rom. Allerdings stellten die vandalischen Krieger nur eine dünne Oberschicht – moderne Schätzungen gehen von circa 10 Millionen Römern beziehungsweise Romanen und kaum 100.000 Vandalen aus. In der jüngsten Forschung wird zudem betont, dass die Vandalen früh gründlich romanisiert wurden und die vandalische Sprache schnell ausstarb. Karthago wurde zur Hauptstadt, in der Geiserich die Vandalen verstärkt ansiedelte. Lateinische Dichtung und Rhetorik blühten. Zwar schrumpfte die Stadt, die vor 439 über 200.000 Einwohner gezählt hatte; doch die Wirtschaft profitierte davon, dass die Überschüsse nicht mehr nach Italien abgeführt werden mussten. Der König schuf eine bedeutende Flotte und eroberte Stützpunkte auf Sardinien, Korsika und den Balearen sowie einen Teil von Sizilien.

Im Jahr 455 griff Geiserich in die nach der Ermordung Valentinians III. in Italien ausgebrochenen Wirren ein. Nach der Plünderung Roms brachte er die weströmische Kaiserinwitwe Licinia Eudoxia, der nachgesagt wurde, dass sie Geiserich gegen den Usurpator Petronius Maximus zu Hilfe gerufen hatte, mit ihren beiden Töchtern Eudocia und Placidia nach Africa. Hunerich heiratete dort 456 Eudocia, mit der er ja schon seit über 10 Jahren verlobt war. Sein Sohn aus dieser Ehe sollte später der vorletzte vandalische rex sein.

Immer wieder versuchte man, Geiserich aus Africa zu vertreiben, um die Handlungsfähigkeit der weströmischen Regierung wiederherzustellen.
Im Jahr 460 zerstörte Geiserich große Teile einer weströmischen Flotte in Spanien, die von Kaiser Majorian gegen ihn in Marsch gesetzt worden war (Schlacht bei Cartagena). Eine weitere, noch sehr viel größer angelegte Landungsoperation West- und Ostroms konnte Geiserich 468 mit viel Glück und dank des Versagens des römischen Feldherrn Basiliskos zurückschlagen. Im Jahr 472 gelang es ihm dann, die Erhebung seines Verwandten Olybrius, des Schwagers der Eudocia, zum neuen Westkaiser durchzusetzen; dieser starb allerdings kurz darauf. Geiserich krönte sein Lebenswerk zwei Jahre später (474) durch ein foedus mit dem oströmischen Kaiser Zeno, in dem ihm und seinen legitimen Nachfolgern die Herrschaft über Karthago garantiert wurde.

Geiserich starb am 25. Januar 477, sein Nachfolger wurde sein Sohn Hunerich. Seine Nachfolge wurde, seinen Vorschriften gemäß, fortan als Seniorat geregelt. Das Vandalenreich bestand als Vertragspartner des Römischen Reiches fort, bis im Jahr 530 sein Enkel Hilderich vom Usurpator Gelimer entthront wurde. In den kommenden Jahren wurde das Reich von Ostrom militärisch zerschlagen.

Geiserich gehörte zu den bedeutendsten Gestalten der Völkerwanderungszeit, er wird in den Quellen als kriegerisch und dennoch weise beschrieben; sein Organisationstalent hatte er mit der Überführung der Vandalen und der Ansiedlung in Africa bewiesen, wenn es auch im Land zu starken Spannungen zwischen den arianischen Vandalen und den katholischen Romanen kam. Sein Ziel war es, seinem Verband den dauerhaften Besitz des reichen Africa zu sichern; aus diesem Grund griff er immer wieder in die Bürgerkriege ein, die die letzten Jahrzehnte Westroms prägten, und trug so entscheidend zur Destabilisierung des Reiches bei.

Denkmäler

Eine Gedenktafel für ihn fand Aufnahme in die Walhalla bei Regensburg, da Geiserich als Germane im 19. Jahrhundert als "Vorfahr der Deutschen" galt.

Quellen
Es existiert kein Geschichtswerk, das ausführlich das Leben Geiserichs beschreibt, vielmehr finden sich in mehreren spätantiken Quellen verstreute Angaben. Zu nennen sind:

 Priskos Fragmente 9,4; 20,1–2; 30,1–31,1; 36,1–2; 38,1–2; 39,1; 41,2; 52, 53,1–5 (Blockley)
 Malchus von Philadelphia Fragmente 5; 17 (Blockley)
 Prokopios von Caesarea Bellum Vandalicum 1, 3–8
 Victor von Vita Historia persecutionis Africanae provinciae
 Sidonius Apollinaris Gedichte
 Jordanes Getica 167–170, 184, 235, 244, 453
 Jordanes Romana 334
 Hydatius von Aquae Flaviae Chronicon 89, 90, 115, 120, 167, 200, 209, 216
 Prosper Tiro von Aquitanien Epitoma chronicorum Jahre 427, 435, 437, 439–442
 Theophanes Chronographia Jahre 5931, 5941, 5947, 5961, 6026 (Anno Mundi)
 Euagrios Scholastikos Historia Ecclesiastica II 7

Literatur
 Frank Martin Ausbüttel: Germanische Herrscher. Darmstadt 2007, ISBN 978-3-89678-603-6, S. 88–107.
 Henning Börm: Westrom. Von Honorius bis Justinian. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2018.
 Helmut Castritius: Die Vandalen. Etappen einer Spurensuche (= Urban-Taschenbücher 605). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-17-018870-9.
  (einführender Fachartikel)
 Frank M. Clover: The late Roman West and the Vandals. Variorum, Aldershot u. a. 2007, ISBN 0-86078-354-5
 Christian Courtois: Les Vandales et l'Afrique. Arts et Métiers Graphiques, Paris 1955
 Hans-Joachim Diesner: Das Vandalenreich. Koehler & Amelang, Leipzig 1966
 Anette Hettinger: Migration und Integration. Zu den Beziehungen von Vandalen und Romanen im Norden Afrikas. In: Frühmittelalterliche Studien 35 (2001), S. 121–143
 John Robert Martindale: Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire (PLRE). Band 1, 4. Auflage. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2006, S. 496 ff. ()
 Roland Steinacher: Neue Forschungsperspektiven zur Völkerwanderungszeit in Nordafrika. In: J. H. van Oort, W. Wischmeyer (Hrsg.): Die spätantike Kirche Nordafrikas im Umbruch. Leuven 2011, S. 29–58.
 Roland Steinacher: Die Vandalen. Aufstieg und Fall eines Barbarenreichs. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3-608-94851-6, S. 91ff.
 Uwe Walter: Geiserich und das afrikanische Vandalenreich. Lernprozesse eines Gründerkönigs. In: Mischa Meier (Hrsg.): Sie schufen Europa. Beck, München 2007, S. 63–77.

Weblinks

Anmerkungen

Mann
König (Vandalen)
Person (Karthago)
Geboren im 4. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 477
Walhalla
Vandale
Herrscher (5. Jahrhundert)
Herrscher (Alanen)
Vandalenreich (Africa)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: TextBlock Binding in WPF to display Links I'm binding a TextBlock to a string through Caliburn.Micro. Now I wan't to automatically detect URLs and display them as a clickable hyperlink.
I've tried doing so in a ValueConverter changing every URL to a Hyperlink. Unfortunately I now have "<Hyperlink..." displayed but no actuall link.
How would I do this?

A: You'll never get this to work with TextBlock.Text, it will always be just plain text. You could bind the Content of a ContentControl and in the converter return a normal TextBlock or a TextBlock containing a Hyperlink

A: In that case, you are getting what you are sending. I assume you are binding to the Text property and that's why you are getting plain text.
This is not simple. You must feed the Inlines property which allow you to add formatted text (Run) and Hyperlinks. However this is not a dependency property so a binding is not available.
You might feed this property in code, or, use a behavior which somehow gives you XAML kind of access to that property.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Such beauty, it is definitely love at first sight.
Wow, it's beautiful. I love that photo from overhead where all you see is hexagons. They do seem to melt together.
I just love the colors of your hexagon blanket! I have just finished a granny ripple, thinking maybe I need to make a hexie blanket next! Well wishes to you!
One question, how many yarn did you need for one blanket?
For a baby blanket you need approx. 5x100g. For an adult blanket approx. 10x100g.
Hi, I love your blanket and the colors are beautiful. To join hexagons what is your method?


This was originally published on the Amalgam Insights website.
Last week (the week of September 25th, 2017) Microsoft made a huge announcement at its annual Ignite and Envision conference. Microsoft has become one of a small number of companies that is demonstrating quantum computing. IBM is another company that is also pursuing this rather futuristic computing model.
For those who are not up to date on quantum computing, it uses quantum properties such as superposition and entanglement to develop a new way of computing. Current computers are built around tiny electron switches called transistors that allow for two states, which represent the binary system we have today. Quantum computers leverage quantum states that give us ones, zeros, and combinations of one and zero. This means a single qubit, the quantum equivalent of a bit, can represent many more states than the bit can. This is, of course, a gross oversimplification but quantum computing promises to deliver more dense and exponentially faster computing.
There are a number of problems with practical quantum computing. The hardware is still in a nascent stage and must be cooled to a temperature that is quite a bit colder than deep space. This makes it much more likely that quantum computing will be purchased via a cloud model than on-premises. The other inhibitor is that there is no standard programming model for quantum computing. IBM has demonstrated a visual programming model that shows how quantum computing works but is clearly not going to be a serious way to write real programs. Microsoft, on the other hand, showed a more standard looking curly bracket programming language. This application layer makes quantum computing more accessible to existing programmers who are more used to the current model of computing.
When quantum computing becomes practical – I would predict that is at least 5 years away, perhaps longer – it won't be for everyday computing tasks. The current model is already more than adequate for those tasks. It's also unlikely that the capabilities of quantum computers, especially the information dense qubit, and costs will have much a place in transactional computing. Instead, quantum computing will be used for analyzing very large and complex data sets for simulation and AI. That's fine because the AI and analytics market is still new and the future needs are not yet completely known. That future computing needs is what quantum computing is meant to address. Even today's big data applications can stretch computing capabilities and force batch analytics instead of real-time for some use cases.
Microsoft's entry into what has been an otherwise esoteric corner of the computing world signals that quantum computing is on the path to being real. It has a long way to go and many obstacles to overcome but it's no longer just science fiction or academic. It will be years but it is on the way to becoming mainstream.


text:
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In conditions of unprecedented inflation, we aim to keep the most affordable prices possible, but in the current situation we are forced to update our tariff.
As of 01.04.2022 the tariff of Speedy JSC for acceptance, processing and delivery of parcels on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria shall be updated for the basic and some of the additional services by 3.8%. Again, we would like to draw your attention to the fact that such an update is the lowest possible for the normal service of parcels and smooth functioning of our entire logistics network.
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text:
Oxford Classical Dictionary
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Eleutheropolis
Dov Gera
https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.8034
Eleutheropolis (Arabic Beit Jibrin; Hebrew Beth Govrin, Beit Guvrin) is situated in Judea's Shephelah on the southwesterly road from Jerusalem to Ascalon. This area was known as Idumaea in the Hellenistic period, the city of Maresha being an important centre. Presumably, the destruction of Maresha by the Parthians in 40bce pushed the city's survivors to resettle some 2 km to the north and to form the village of Beth Govrin. A locality of that Semitic name, Βαιτογαβρεῖ (ἢ Βαιτογαβρά), Baetogabrei or Baetogabra, is attested in the 2nd century ce (Ptol. Geog. 5.16.6). In 199/200ce, when traveling through Syria Palaestina to Egypt, the emperor Septimius Severus refounded Beth Govrin as a polis, naming it Lucia Septimia Severiana Eleutheropolis. The city's coins, all issued under the Severans starting with Septimius Severus's own reign and extending to that of Elagabalus (Aurelius Antoninus (2)), disclose Eleutheropolis's original pagan character, for they portray various deities including Tyche, Zeus Heliopolitanus, and a river god.


You don't have to specify which piece of "skin" would make you warm and fuzzy inside. This is an excellent approach in finding smooth things to say to your lover when he or she has a vibrant imagination. How can that curiosity satisfied until you start exploring each other's bodies for the night?


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text:
Canadarm creator to transform into U.S. company, raising concerns of tech heading south of the border
The American who leads the new company says Canadians don't need to worry and that he has no plans to cut jobs in Canada
This framegrabbed image provided by NASA-TV shows the Cygnus spacecraft attached to the Canadarm 2 on the International Space Station Sunday Sept. 29, 2013.AP Photo/NASA-TV
David Pugliese, Ottawa Citizen
Canada's largest space firm, creators of the iconic Canadarm and key spacecraft such as Radarsat-2, will become a U.S. company within two years.
In 2008 the Conservative government in 2008 blocked the sale of MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates to a U.S. firm. But now, through a merger and the acquisition of another company, MDA has become Maxar Technologies and will transform itself into a fully incorporated U.S. company by 2019.
The American who leads the new company says Canadians don't need to worry since the country will still retain overall control of the Radarsat-2 surveillance satellite, and he has no plans to cut jobs in Canada.
Conservative MP Maxime Bernier, however, says Canadian taxpayers will ultimately be hurt by the deal as government-financed high technology heads south of the border.
Bernier said he is concerned the U.S. will eventually gain control of strategic Canadian assets and technology.
In October, MDA finalized a US $2.4 billion deal to buy the U.S.-based satellite imagery firm DigitalGlobe. It then rebranded itself into Maxar Technologies and announced plans to become a U.S. incorporated company.
MDA will continue to keep its name for its Canadian operations but will be a subsidiary of the U.S.-based Maxar Technologies.
Howard Lance, who was president of MDA and now heads Maxar, acknowledges the fact the company will become a U.S. firm. "If you want to view a definition of a company as where their headquarters is, then I think the answer would, of course, be 'Yes,'" he explained.
But "we are as committed to return the level (of) innovation the level of technology development and to be an important taxpayer," he added. "As a corporate citizen, none of those things are changing."
Lance said the move to become a U.S. firm will not affect the Canadian operation, which has 1,800 employees in Richmond, B.C., Brampton and Ottawa, as well as Montreal and Halifax. "We have no plans as a result of our merger to significantly move any jobs from Canada to the U.S," he added.
But Bernier, who is the opposition critic on the industry and science file, said he is concerned the U.S. will eventually gain control of strategic Canadian assets and technology. "In this deal, it is the Canadian taxpayers who lose," he said, noting that large amounts of government dollars have gone into financing MDA technology.
The Radarsat-2 satellite.
Bernier said the Conservative government thought MDA was critical enough for the country that it stepped in to stop its purchase by Alliant Techsystems of the U.S. in 2008. That deal would not be "a net benefit" to Canada, the government noted at the time.
The proposed purchase to Alliant sparked national protests, debates in the Commons, and ultimately the refusal by Canada to allow the deal to proceed.
Officials with the Prime Minister's Office, Department of National Defence, and Innovation, Science and Economic Development have all been provided with information by Lance and his officials on Maxar's plans. The Liberal government has not raised any concerns about the deal.
Lance said the situation is different this time around. There is no actual purchase of MDA by a U.S. firm. In addition, Canada will retain control of key space assets such as the Radarsat-2 surveillance satellite, he added. He also points to the high level of collaboration between the U.S. and Canada and the exchange of intelligence information.
MDA had limited prospects of growing if it only focused on Canada, Lance said. To obtain work in the U.S. space and defence market requires meeting specific requirements with having U.S. personnel and U.S. operations.
A U.S. presence and increased capital will strengthen the firm, ultimately benefiting Canadian operations, Lance noted.
The deal is the second major move in Canada's space industry in the last year. In 2016, U.S. firm Honeywell International purchased Canada's second largest space firm, Com Dev of Cambridge, Ont., in a deal that was not opposed by the Liberal government.
But two months ago, Honeywell announced it was laying off Com Dev employees because of a downturn in the space and satellite industry.
Honeywell did not provide any information on the numbers of employees being laid off but local media outlets reported that over 140 of the 400 employees at the facility were let go.
• Email: dpugliese@postmedia.com | Twitter: davidpugliese
10/3 Podcast
Convicted child killer out on bail after 36 years: 10/3 podcast
10/3 podcast: FBI arrest alleged Canadian neo-Nazi recruiter
10/3 podcast: What to expect from Conservative leadership race
First Reading Newsletter


Mary's Marchers Relay for Life team was formed in 2011 to support Mary Deeney Coyle in her battle against lung cancer. We lost Mary in December of 2013. We continue in Mary's memory to raise awareness and funds for the American Cancer Society. To date, we have raised over $70,000 for the American Cancer Society in Mary's name. We host activities and events throughout the year and participate in the Camden County Relay for Life at Gloucester Township in June. Join our team or create your own - Relay for Life is an experience that will change your life.


text:
Q: Google Analytic UA-xxx question There is many way to create a new account in Google Analytic
create a new UA-xxx number
or make a new one under an existing UA-xxx-y (y) y is increment number 1,2,3,4....and so on
two questions : I have come close to the 50 limit, so maybe doing new account under a already created is a way to trick the system to have more than 50.
But second question. is there a difference or a drawback to make two completely different site under the same UA-xxx number with just the last digit different... eh, in fact it's a new number.. no ?
You Google Analytic pro out there please help me, the help forum is unanswered or completely useless
Thanks in advance
I what to know...do i generate a new UA-1234-1 for a new site or using a already generate UA-1234 with anothe digit a the ens is fine UA-1234-6

A: The only connection between UA-123-1 and UA-123-2 is that they're organized under the same menu, and so permissions are managed in the same way.
If two sites have nothing to do with each other, and you run up against a limit for UA-123-50 (if that is the limit), there's no drawback in beginning to move your new sites to UA-124-1.
As a general organizational rule, the grouping of UA-123 is just organizational, not technological, since GA sends the data only to the full account specified (UA-123-4). So, sites tagged with UA-123-4 will never share data with sites tagged UA-123-1. As a matter of course, I try to keep related sites in the same UA account, and separate them with -1, -2, etc.
One other important fact is that if you ever want to give someone Admin access to a particular part of your account, you can't. That is, to grant someone Admin access, they are given full access to everything under UA-123.
The only level at which collisions of data can occur is at UA-123-1. If you put UA-123-1 on two separate sites (without filtering), both of the sites' data will appear in that account.
So, there's no harm in creating many different accounts on the same login; I myself have dozens.


text:
Assisted living facilities play catch up on vaccines
Kara Mann February 17, 2021
Published in the Orchard Park & West Seneca Sun, January 28, 2021
Allysa Olsen, administrator for the Fox Run at Orchard Park senior care facility, got a call with some good news last Friday. It was Walgreens, informing her that assisted living and independent living residents would be able to get their Covid-19 vaccines this past Tuesday. For assisted living residents, that was more than a week earlier than their original Feb. 4 clinic date. Independent living residents previously hadn't even had a date scheduled on the calendar. "Obviously we said, 'yes,' because we want people vaccinated as soon as possible," Olsen said. "We kind of worked all weekend to make sure we got everything that we needed to."
It was a positive development for those residents, who had initially been left out of the first clinic date on Jan. 15. Those vaccines were only available to the facility's skilled nursing residents. And even that date, Fox Run officials said, was later than they'd initially hoped. In the earliest days of the vaccination rollout, assisted living facilities were concerned that they were not on the same schedule as nursing homes, despite both being long-term care facilities housing vulnerable elderly populations. Nursing homes started to get their vaccination clinics scheduled through the federal Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program in late December. But in some states, like New York, assisted living facilities and other adult care
facilities couldn't start getting vaccinated until Jan. 11.
Read more: FoxRunSunArticle-1.28.21


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text:
Ensenada is een gemeente in de Mexicaanse deelstaat Baja California. De hoofdplaats van Ensenada is Ensenada. De gemeente Ensenada is de grootste van Mexico. Met 51.952,3 km² is het ongeveer 10.000 km² groter dan Nederland. De gemeente neemt ongeveer driekwart van de oppervlakte van de staat Baja California in.

De gemeente heeft 413.481 inwoners (census 2005). 11.535 daarvan spreken een indiaanse taal. De belangrijkste inheemse volkeren in de gemeente Ensenada zijn de Kiliwas, Kumiai, en Pa' ipai, maar ook Zapoteken en Mixteken die vanuit Guerrero en Oaxaca gemigreerd zijn.

Naast Ensenada behoren onder andere de plaatsen Valle de Guadalupe, Lázaro Cárdenas, Rodolfo Sánchez T., Vicente Guerrero en San Quintín tot de gemeente, evenals de eilanden Isla de Cedros en Isla Guadalupe. Niet ver van de stad Ensenada bevindt zich de geiser La Bufadora. Op 240 kilometer van Ensenada, nog steeds binnen de gemeentegrenzen, bevindt zich het nationaal park San Pedro Mártir. Op het hoogste punt van dit park is een observatorium van de Nationale Autonome Universiteit van Mexico gevestigd.

Ensenada


John Czajka is a general litigation paralegal with additional experience in asbestos and collections matters. He has worked as a paralegal for 25 years.
Mr. Czajka reviews discovery answers, obtains medical records and witness statements, prepares medical chronologies and notices for deposition and schedules depositions. In addition, he indexes deposition testimony, locates expert witnesses and obtains their prior deposition testimony, as well as prepares subpoenas and arranges for their service. Mr. Czajka also appears in court to obtain hearing dates and to file pleadings.
Mr. Czajka joined Hinshaw & Culbertson LLP in February 2004. Previously he was a paralegal for four years with Husch Eppenberger and also with Polisinelli, Shalton & Welte, where he was heavily involved in asbestos case work. From 1999 to 2000, he was a general litigation paralegal with Suddarth & Koor, and from 1992 to 1999 he was a collections paralegal with Newman, Freyman, Klein & Gamach and also Riezman & Blitz. From 1980 to 1992, Mr. Czajka was a general litigation paralegal at R.G. Constantinou, P.C.
Mr. Czajka holds a certificate in Federal Debt Collection Practices Act from the Missouri Bar Association. At one time he was a certified emergency medical technician.


text:
Results for 'Philosophy of Law'
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Bibliography: Philosophy of Law
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Bibliography: Philosophy of Law, Misc in Philosophy of Law
Bibliography: Philosophy of Law, General Works in Philosophy of Law
Bibliography: Critical Philosophy of Law in Philosophy of Law
Bibliography: Experimental Philosophy of Law in Metaphilosophy
Bibliography: Feminist Philosophy of Law in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
Bibliography: Hobbes: Philosophy of Law in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
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An Introduction to the Philosophy of Law.Roscoe Pound - 1922 - Lawbook Exchange.details
" William Herbert Page, Harvard Law Review 36:115-117 cited in Marke, A Catalogue of the Law Collection at New York University (1953) 922.
$1.61 used $2.99 new Amazon page
The Philosophy of Law: An Introduction.William H. Wilcox - 1982 - Philosophical Review 91 (4):648-651.details
Ethics in Value Theory, Miscellaneous
Philosophy of Law.Andrei Marmor - 2010 - Princeton University Press.details
In Philosophy of Law, Andrei Marmor provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary debates about the fundamental nature of law--an issue that has been at the heart of legal philosophy for centuries. What the law is seems to be a matter of fact, but this fact has normative significance: it tells people what they ought to do. Is the normative content of a law entirely determined by the facts that make it a law? Are there some normative moral constraints (...) on what the law can be? And can we fully characterize and define the law without assuming a moral conception about what the law ought to be? Finally, is the philosophy of law about describing what law is, or prescribing what it should be?Marmor argues that the myriad questions raised by the factual and normative features of law actually depend on the possibility of reduction--whether the legal domain can be explained in terms of something else, more foundational in nature. In addition to exploring the major issues in contemporary legal thought, Philosophy of Law provides a critical analysis of the people and ideas that have dominated the field in past centuries. It will be essential reading for anyone curious about the nature of law. (shrink)
The Nature of Law and Legal Systems in Philosophy of Law
$15.18 used $15.98 new $20.95 from Amazon Amazon page
Law and the Future of Society a Selection of Papers Presented to the Extraordinary World Congress of the Internat. Assoc. For Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy , Held in Sydney and Canberra, Australia, on 14-21 August, 1977. [REVIEW]F. C. Hutley & International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy - 1979details
Retributivism and its Critics Canadian Section of the International Society for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy : Papers of the Special Nordic Conference Held at the University of Toronto, 25-27 June 1990. [REVIEW]Wesley Cragg & International Society for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy - 1992details
Philosophy of Law.Joel Feinberg & Hyman Gross (eds.) - 1975 - Dickenson Pub. Co..details
This leading anthology contains legal cases and essays written by the best scholars in legal philosophy, representing all major points of view on central topics in philosophy of law. This classic text is distinguished by its clarity, readability, balance of topics, balance of substantive positions on controversial questions, topical relevance, imaginative use of cases and stories, and the inclusion of only lightly-edited or untouched classics. This revision is marked by inclusion of many articles relevant to womens issues and (...) a greater emphasis on concrete legal problems. (shrink)
Punishment in Criminal Law in Philosophy of Law
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Law, Justice and the State Nordic Perspectives : Proceedings of the 16th World Congress of the International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy , Reykjavík, 26 May-2 June, 1993. [REVIEW]Mikael M. International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, Karlsson & Ólafur Páll Jónsson - 1995details
Philosophy of Law.Joel Feinberg & Jules L. Coleman - 1999 - Wadsworth Publishing Company.details
This leading anthology contains legal cases and essays written by the finest scholars in legal philosophy, representing all major points of view on the most central topics in philosophy of law. Its primary focus is to relate traditional themes of legal philosophy to the concerns of modern society in a way that invigorates one and illuminates the other, respectively. This classic text is distinguished by its clarity, balance of topics, balance of substantive positions on controversial questions, topical (...) relevance, imaginative use of cases and stories, and the inclusion of only lightly edited or untouched classics. This revision is distinguished in its inclusion of many articles relevant to terrorism and torture, contract and property, and a greater emphasis on concrete legal problems. (shrink)
The Philosophy of Law: An Exposition of the Fundamental Principles of Jurisprudence as the Science of Right.Immanuel Kant - 1887 - Clifton [N.J.]A. M. Kelley.details
This edition also reprints Kant's later Supplementary Explanations (1797), which was added to the second edition (1798).
Kant: Philosophy of Law in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Philosophy of Law: An Introduction.Mark Tebbit - 2000 - Routledge.details
__ _Philosophy of Law: An Introduction_ provides an ideal starting point for students of philosophy and law. Setting it clearly against the historical background, Mark Tebbit quickly leads readers into the heart of the philosophical questions that dominate philosophy of law today. He provides an exceptionally wide-ranging overview of the contending theories that have sought to resolve these problems. He does so without assuming prior knowledge either of philosophy or law on the part of the reader. The (...) book is structured in three parts around the key issues and themes in philosophy of law: What is the law? – the major legal theories addressing the question of what we mean by law, including natural law, legal positivism and legal realism. The reach of the law – the various legal theories on the nature and extent of the law's authority, with regard to obligation and civil disobedience, rights, liberty and privacy. Criminal law – responsibility and _mens rea_, intention, recklessness and murder, legal defences, insanity and philosophies of punishment. This new third edition has been thoroughly updated to include assessments of important developments in philosophy and law in the early years of the twenty-first century. Revisions include a more detailed analysis of natural law, new chapters on common law and the development of positivism, a reassessment of the Austin–Hart dispute in the light of recent criticism of Hart, a new chapter on the natural law–positivist controversy over Nazi law and legality, and new chapters on criminal law, extending the analysis of the dispute over the viability of the defences of necessity and duress. (shrink)
Criminal Law in Philosophy of Law
$3.56 used $48.90 new $52.14 from Amazon Amazon page
Philosophy of Law: Collected Essays.John Finnis - 2011 - Oxford University Press.details
This volume of his Collected Essays shows the full range and power of his contributions to the philosophy of law.
The Philosophy of Law.Ronald M. Dworkin (ed.) - 1977 - Oxford University Press.details
Echoing the debate about the nature of law that has dominated legal philosophy for several decades, this volume includes essays on the nature of law and on law not as it is but as it should be. Wherever possible, essays have been chosen that have provoked direct responses from other legal philosophers, and in two cases these responses are included. Contributors include H.L.A. Hart, R.M. Dworkin, Lord Patrick Devlin, John Rawls, J.J. Thomson, J. Finnis, and T.M. Scanlon.
Igbo Philosophy of Law.F. U. Okafor - 1992 - Fourth Dimension Pub. Co..details
This is a first attempt at the philosophical articulation and projection of the Igbo concept of law and the role of law in the traditional environment. In the Igbo traditional setting, the rules of law are uncodified. The author, who teaches philosophy of law and logic at the University of Nigeria, defines the law of a given community as the body of rules recognised as binding by its members. On this concept of law, he has based his attempt to (...) elucidate the philosophical underpinning of those rules recognised in Igbo traditional legal system as law. Unless the philosphical foundation is understood, the traditional law, machinery for enforcement, and legislative and judicial processes may appear incomprehensible. The first part gives a descriptive insight into the moral, religious, socio-political and legal background of the Igbo. The second part is devoted to the fundamental questions concerning the concept of law, the various types of laws, the reciprocal influence between law and Igbo religion and the end of laws. Finally, the author examines the nature of right in Igbo traditional thought and locates the philosophical background. (shrink)
The Philosophy of Law in Historical Perspective.Carl J. Friedrich - 1958 - University of Chicago Press.details
First published in 1958, this book has been revised and enlarged. 'this masterly little volume is the best survey we now possess of the leading ideas in legal ...
Philosophy of Law: A Very Short Introduction.Raymond Wacks - 2006 - Oxford University Press.details
This lively and accessible introduction to the social, moral, and cultural foundations of law takes a broad scope-- spanning philosophy, law, politics, and economics, and discussing a range of topics including women's rights, racism, the environment, and recent international issues such as the war in Iraq and the treatment of terror suspects. Revealing the intriguing and challenging nature of legal philosophy with clarity and enthusiasm, Raymond Wacks explores the notion of law and its role in our lives. Referring (...) to key thinkers from the classical world to the modern, he looks at the central questions behind legal theory that have always fascinated lawyers and philosophers, as well as anyone who ever wondered about law's relation to justice, morality, and democracy. (shrink)
$4.50 used $8.45 new $11.95 from Amazon Amazon page
A Philosophy of Law: A Very Short Introduction: A Very Short Introduction.Raymond Wacks - 2014 - Oxford University Press UK.details
The concept of law lies at the heart of our social and political life. Legal philosophy, or jurisprudence, explores the notion of law and its role in society, illuminating its meaning and its relation to the universal questions of justice, rights, and morality. In this Very Short Introduction Raymond Wacks analyses the nature and purpose of the legal system, and the practice by courts, lawyers, and judges. Wacks reveals the intriguing and challenging nature of legal philosophy with clarity (...) and enthusiasm, providing an enlightening guide to the central questions of legal theory. In this revised edition Wacks makes a number of updates including new material on legal realism, changes to the approach to the analysis of law and legal theory, and updates to historical and anthropological jurisprudence. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Readership: Students of law, philosophy, politics, and social sciences, as well as general readers interested in the foundations of justice and its role in society. (shrink)
$8.41 new $11.95 from Amazon $17.41 used Amazon page
Philosophy of Law and the Theory of Speech Acts.Paul Amselek - 1988 - Ratio Juris 1 (3):187-223.details
Law and Language in Philosophy of Law
Philosophy of Law: Collected Essays Volume Iv.John Finnis - 2011 - Oxford University Press.details
John Finnis has been a central figure in the development of legal philosophy over the past half-century. This volume of his Collected Essays shows the full range and power of his contributions to core problems in the philosophy of law: the foundations of law's authority; legal reasoning; constitutional theory; and the logic of law-making.
John Stuart Mill in 19th Century Philosophy
Philosophy of Law--Its Notion and Problems (in Serbo-Croatian).Vladimir Kubes - 1986 - Filozofska Istrazivanja 19:1083-1093.details
Philosophy of law is philosophy about law. common critical ontology examines the structure of the world which is hierarchical and is composed of four fundamental levels; the anorganic being, the organic being, the psychical being and the spiritual being, where we meet the personal, objective and the objectified spirit. the new critical ontology is science in the strictest sense of the word and consequently goes out from the total experience. critical legal ontology examines the essence of law and (...) states where the law belongs; in the ideal world or the real world, and states its place in these worlds. it appears that the so far unsolvable fundamental question, i.e., the problems of law and power, and law and revolution are easily and "cum ratione" sufficient to be solved on the basis of this new science. (edited). (shrink)
Philosophy of Consciousness in Philosophy of Mind
Philosophy of Law.Josef Kohler - 1914 - New York: A. M. Kelley.details
$35.75 new Amazon page
The Philosophy of Law in Historical Perspective. [REVIEW]E. B. F. - 1959 - Review of Metaphysics 12 (4):663-663.details
An excellent and succinct historical survey of the major philosophies of law as seen in the leading political philosophers, this work explores the connection between views of law and the philosophical outlooks on which they are based. It also includes a short analysis of some current problems, such as the relation of law to justice, and it suggests the feasibility of international constitutional law.--F. E. B.
Legal Authority and Obligation in Philosophy of Law
Philosophy of Law.Brian Bix (ed.) - 2006 - Routledge.details
Edited by a leading scholar in the field, Philosophy of Law is a new title in the Routledge Major Works series Critical Concepts in Philosophy . It is a four-volume collection of canonical and cutting-edge research and covers a significant range of topics in the field. The first two volumes of the collection are devoted primarily to analytical legal theory—in particular, theories about the nature of law. This is the idea of legal philosophy most familiar to jurisprudential (...) students in the English-speaking world, and many of the civil-law countries. The last two volumes sample schools and theorists who mostly come from outside the analytical tradition, and who are, in one sense or another, critical theorists—theorists more interested in offering systematic critiques of law or general prescriptions. The four volumes of the collection are divided into six parts. Part one brings together key work on the methodology of analytical philosophy and Part two collects the most important scholarship on forms of legal positivism, including material in the Austin–Hart tradition, 'inclusive vs. exclusive legal positivism' and Kelsenian legal positivism. Part three ('Critics of Legal Positivism') gathers material in the natural-law tradition; the work and influence of Lon Fuller and Ronald Dworkin are also fully explored here. Parts four to six are an assembly of the best and most important thinking by and about normative and critical theorists working outside the analytical tradition. Part four gathers material under the rubric of legal realism, exploring both the American and Scandinavian schools as well as their predecessors. Part five examines one of the most influential movements in modern legal theory and legal practice: known as 'law and economics' or the 'economic analysis of law', this approach has come to dominate American scholarship, and its role is growing in other countries too. Finally, part six makes available key research on a variety of critical theories of law that have grown up around systematic critiques of Western legal systems. Included here is work by the American legal realists, as well as work by feminists and scholars pursuing critical race theory. The intersection of law and literature is also examined, as are other approaches to law and legal theory: Habermas's 'proceduralist paradigm'; the concept of 'autopoiesis'; and the work of Rorty and Fish. This Routledge Major Work illustrates the many ways in which philosophical methods and theories have been used to explore aspects of law and legal practice, and with a comprehensive introduction, newly written by the editor, which places the collected material in its historical and intellectual context, Philosophy of Law is an essential collection destined to be valued by scholars and students as a vital research resource. (shrink)
Nature of Law, Misc in Philosophy of Law
Philosophy of Law, General Works in Philosophy of Law
$460.00 new $461.21 used Amazon page
The Philosophy of Law Meets the Philosophy of Technology: Autonomic Computing and Transformations of Human Agency.M. Hildebrandt & Antoinette Rouvroy (eds.) - 2011 - Routledge.details
The Philosophy of Law of Gustav Radbruch.Anton-Hermann Chroust - 1944 - Philosophical Review 53 (1):23-45.details
The Philosophy of Law of St. Augustine.Anton-Hermann Chroust - 1944 - Philosophical Review 53 (2):195-202.details
Augustine in Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Philosophy of Law: Secular and Religious (with Some Reference to Jewish Family Law).Bernard S. Jackson - 2015 - In Alison Diduck, Noam Peleg & Helen Reece (eds.), Law In Society: Reflections on Children, Family, Culture and Philosophy. Essays in Honour of Michael Freeman. Leiden: Brill. pp. 45-62.details
Despite the efforts of some modern Jewish law scholars, it is difficult to apply models of secular jurisprudence (whether positivist or Dworkinian) to the Jewish legal system. Internal analysis suggests that the "secondary rules" of the system are far too fragile. Rather, the system appears to privilege trust over objectively determinable truth. (But perhaps trust is a concept to which greater attention should be paid also in secular jurisprudence, as a legal realism informed by semiotics might maintain.) The practical implications (...) of this difference are here illustrated both from research on reform of Jewish marriage law and recent developments in the area of law and religion, in the wake of Archbishop Rowan Williams' advocacy in 2008 of a model of "transformative accommodation". (shrink)
Judaism in Philosophy of Religion
Methodology of Jurisprudence, Misc in Philosophy of Law
Philosophy of Law, Misc in Philosophy of Law
Semiotics in Social Sciences
$167.14 used $292.63 new (collection) Amazon page
Feminist Philosophy of Law.Leslie Francis - forthcoming - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.details
Feminist Approaches to Philosophy in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
Philosophy of Law: Reply to Critics.Andrei Marmor - unknowndetails
The author addresses issues raised by commentators on his book, Philosophy of Law.
What is the Philosophy of Law?J. Finnis - 2014 - American Journal of Jurisprudence 59 (2):133-142.details
The philosophy of law is not separate from but dependent upon ethics and political philosophy, which it extends by that attention to the past which is characteristic of juridical thought for reasons articulated by the philosophy of law. Positivism is legitimate only as a thesis of, or topic within, natural law theory, which adequately incorporates it but remains transparently engaged with the ethical and political issues and challenges both perennial and peculiar to this age. The paper concludes (...) by proposing a task for legal philosophy, in light of the fact that legal systems are not simply sets of norms. (shrink)
The concept of law lies at the heart of our social and political life, shaping the character of our community and underlying issues from racism and abortion to human rights and international war. The revised edition of this Very Short Introduction examines the central questions about law's relation to justice, morality, and democracy.
Philosophy of Law: The Supreme Court's Need for Libertarian Law.Walter E. Block & Roy Whitehead - 2019 - Springer Verlag.details
Looking at discrimination, education, environment, health and crime, this volume analyses United States Supreme Court rulings on several legal issues and proposed libertarian solutions to each problem. Setting their own liberal theory of law, each chapter discusses the law at hand, what it should be, and what it would be if their political economic philosophy were the justification of the legal practice. Covering issues such as sexual harassment, religion, markets in human organs, drug prohibition and abortion, this book is (...) a timely contribution to classical liberal debate on law and economics. (shrink)
Philosophy of Law.Giorgio Del Vecchio - 1954 - Washington: Catholic University of America Press.details
The Philosophy of Law.Antonio Estrada - 1949 - Manila, University Pub. Co..details
The Philosophy of Law.William James FitzGerald - 1942 - [Jerusalem, Goldberg's Press.details
20th-Century Bulgarian Philosophy of Law: From Critical Acceptance of Kant's Ideas to the Logic of Legal Reasoning.Vihren Bouzov - 2016 - In Enrico Pattaro & C. Roversi (eds.), A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence. V.12 (1), Legal Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: The Civil Law World. pp. 681-690.details
My analysis here is an attempt to bring out the main through-line in the development of Bulgarian philosophy of law today. A proper account of Bulgarian philosophy of law in the 20th century requires an attempt to find, on the one hand, a solution to epistemological and methodological problems in law and, on the other, a clear-cut influence of the Kantian critical tradition. Bulgarian philosophy of law follows a complicated path, ranging from acceptance and revision of Kantian (...) philosophy to the development of interesting theories on the logic of legal reasoning. (shrink)
Recht, Gerechtigkeit Und der Staat Studien Zu Gerechtigkeit, Demokratie, Nationalität, Nationalen Staaten Und Supranationalen Staaten Aus der Perspektive der Rechtstheorie, der Sozialphilosophie Und der Sozialwissenschaften = Law, Justice, and the State : Studies in Justice, Democracy, Nationality, National States, and Supra-National States From the Standpoints of Legal Theory, Social Philosophy, and Social Science.World Congress on Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, Mikael M. Karlsson, Ólafur Páll Jónsson & Eyja Margrét Brynjarsdóttir - 1997details
Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory: An Anthology.Dennis Patterson (ed.) - 2003 - Wiley-Blackwell.details
This carefully selected set of readings presents some of the most important articles in the field. The collection is essential reading for anyone with an interest in legal philosophy. Gathers together some of the most important articles in the field of philosophy of law and legal theory. Complements Dennis Patterson's _A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory_. Represents essential reading for the beginning law student.
Feminist Philosophy of Law.Patricia Smith - 2010 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.details
Feminist Philosophy of Law in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
On the Practical Philosophy of Law.Yongliu Zheng - 2019 - Archiv Fuer Rechts Und Sozialphilosphie 105 (4):508-522.details
Practical philosophy of law is a theory about concrete existence of law which holds that due to the asymmetry between existing law and social facts and case facts, the existing law needs to be developed in a reflective manner through application and this is the inevitable process of mutation from law 1.0 to law 2.0. Practical philosophy of law is founded on the generative thinking of practical philosophy, and distinct from other philosophies of law hereof.
The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Law.Andrei Marmor (ed.) - 2012 - Routledge.details
_The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Law_ provides a comprehensive, non-technical philosophical treatment of the fundamental questions about the nature of law. Its coverage includes law's relation to morality and the moral obligations to obey the law, the main philosophical debates about particular legal areas such as criminal responsibility, property, contracts, family law, law and justice in the international domain, legal paternalism and the rule of law. The entirely new content has been written specifically for newcomers to the (...) field, making the volume particularly useful for undergraduate and graduate courses in philosophy of law and related areas. All 39 chapters, written by the world's leading researchers and edited by an internationally distinguished scholar, bring a focused, philosophical perspective to their subjects._ The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Law_ promises to be a valuable and much consulted student resource for many years. (shrink)
$68.27 used $84.95 new Amazon page
Two Philosophies of Law: A Review of Andrei Marmor's Philosophy of Law and John Finnis', Philosophy of Law by Matyas Bodig. [REVIEW]Mátyás Bódig - 2012 - Jurisprudence 3 (1):277-293.details
Technischer Imperativ Und Legitimationskrise des Rechts = Technical Imperatives and the Crisis of the Legitimacy of Law.Werner Krawietz, Kenneth I. Winston, Antonio A. Martino & World Congress on Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy - 1991details
Philosophy of Law.Steve Deery - 2000 - The Philosophers' Magazine 11:59-60.details
Media Ethics in Applied Ethics
Philosophy of Law and Jurisprudence.Mortimer Jerome Adler - 1961 - Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.details
Legal Positivism in Philosophy of Law
Natural Law Theory in Philosophy of Law
Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory: An Anthology.Francis J. Beckwith - 2003 - Philosophia Christi 5 (1):350-352.details
Philosophy of Law: An Introduction to Jurisprudence.Jeffrie G. Murphy - 1989 - Westview Press.details
In this revised edition, two distinguished philosophers have extended and strengthened the most authoritative text available on the philosophy of law and jurisprudence. While retaining their comprehensive coverage of classical and modern theory, Murphy and Coleman have added new discussions of the Critical Legal Studies movement and feminist jurisprudence, and they have strengthened their treatment of natural law theory, criminalization, and the law of torts. The chapter on law and economics remains the best short introduction to that difficult, controversial, (...) and influential topic.Students will appreciate the careful organization and clear presentation of complicated issues as well as the emphasis on the relevance of both law and legal theory to contemporary society. (shrink)
Philosophy of Law. Translated by Thomas Owen Martin From the 8th Ed., 1952.Giorgio del Vecchio - 1953 - Catholic University of America Press.details
Philosophy of Law. [REVIEW]Milton R. Konvitz - 1955 - Journal of Philosophy 52 (7):195-196.details
The Philosophy of Law. History and Modernity.Volodymyr Kuznetsov (ed.) - 2003 - Stylos.details
The manual represents the evolution of the concept of law from antiquity to the end of XX century. It also describes some important Anglo-American directions in the philosophy of law, which are important for developments of Ukrainian legal system (legal positivism, naturalism, realism, criticism, feminism, economical theory of law, postmodernism, etc. The main text is supplemented with excerpts from the writings on the philosophy of law, which are little known for Ukrainian readers. The audience of textbook is students, (...) educators, jurists and lawyers, legislators, and public officials. -/- Contents in English. (shrink)
Ukrainian Philosophy in European Philosophy
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with the advent of summer. It is procumbent or spreading and branched.
of foliage. The leaves are composed of three somewhat large leaflets.
are possessed of considerable food value.


text:
'use strict';

const fs = require('hexo-fs');
const pathFn = require('path');
const yaml = require('js-yaml');
const sinon = require('sinon');

describe('Render', () => {
  const Hexo = require('../../../lib/hexo');
  const hexo = new Hexo(pathFn.join(__dirname, 'render_test'));

  const body = [
    'name:',
    '  first: John',
    '  last: Doe',
    '',
    'age: 23',
    '',
    'list:',
    '- Apple',
    '- Banana'
  ].join('\n');

  const obj = yaml.load(body);
  const path = pathFn.join(hexo.base_dir, 'test.yml');

  before(() => fs.writeFile(path, body).then(() => hexo.init()));

  after(() => fs.rmdir(hexo.base_dir));

  it('isRenderable()', () => {
    hexo.render.isRenderable('test.txt').should.be.false;

    // html
    hexo.render.isRenderable('test.htm').should.be.true;
    hexo.render.isRenderable('test.html').should.be.true;

    // swig
    hexo.render.isRenderable('test.swig').should.be.true;

    // yaml
    hexo.render.isRenderable('test.yml').should.be.true;
    hexo.render.isRenderable('test.yaml').should.be.true;
  });

  it('isRenderableSync()', () => {
    hexo.render.isRenderableSync('test.txt').should.be.false;

    // html
    hexo.render.isRenderableSync('test.htm').should.be.true;
    hexo.render.isRenderableSync('test.html').should.be.true;

    // swig
    hexo.render.isRenderableSync('test.swig').should.be.true;

    // yaml
    hexo.render.isRenderableSync('test.yml').should.be.true;
    hexo.render.isRenderableSync('test.yaml').should.be.true;
  });

  it('getOutput()', () => {
    hexo.render.getOutput('test.txt').should.not.ok;

    // html
    hexo.render.getOutput('test.htm').should.eql('html');
    hexo.render.getOutput('test.html').should.eql('html');

    // swig
    hexo.render.getOutput('test.swig').should.eql('html');

    // yaml
    hexo.render.getOutput('test.yml').should.eql('json');
    hexo.render.getOutput('test.yaml').should.eql('json');
  });

  it('render() - path', () => hexo.render.render({path}).then(result => {
    result.should.eql(obj);
  }));

  it('render() - text (without engine)', () => hexo.render.render({text: body}).then(result => {
    result.should.eql(body);
  }));

  it('render() - text (with engine)', () => hexo.render.render({text: body, engine: 'yaml'}).then(result => {
    result.should.eql(obj);
  }));

  it('render() - no path and text', () => {
    const errorCallback = sinon.spy(err => {
      err.should.have.property('message', 'No input file or string!');
    });

    return hexo.render.render().catch(errorCallback).finally(() => {
      errorCallback.calledOnce.should.be.true;
    });
  });

  it('render() - options', () => hexo.render.render({
    text: [
      '<title>{{ title }}</title>',
      '{{ content }}'
    ].join('\n'),
    engine: 'swig'
  }, {
    title: 'Hello world',
    content: 'foobar'
  }).then(result => {
    result.should.eql([
      '<title>Hello world</title>',
      'foobar'
    ].join('\n'));
  }));

  it('render() - toString', () => hexo.render.render({
    text: body,
    engine: 'yaml',
    toString: true
  }).then(content => {
    content.should.eql(JSON.stringify(obj));
  }));

  it('render() - custom toString method', () => hexo.render.render({
    text: body,
    engine: 'yaml',
    toString(data) {
      return JSON.stringify(data, null, '  ');
    }
  }).then(content => {
    content.should.eql(JSON.stringify(obj, null, '  '));
  }));

  it('render() - after_render filter', () => {
    const data = {
      text: '  123456  ',
      engine: 'swig'
    };

    const filter = sinon.spy((result, obj) => {
      result.should.eql(data.text);
      obj.should.eql(data);
      return result.trim();
    });

    hexo.extend.filter.register('after_render:html', filter);

    return hexo.render.render(data).then(result => {
      filter.calledOnce.should.be.true;
      result.should.eql(data.text.trim());

      hexo.extend.filter.unregister('after_render:html', filter);
    });
  });

  it('render() - after_render filter: use the given output extension if not found', () => {
    const data = {
      text: 'foo',
      engine: 'txt'
    };

    const filter = sinon.spy();
    hexo.extend.filter.register('after_render:txt', filter);

    return hexo.render.render(data).then(result => {
      filter.calledOnce.should.be.true;
      hexo.extend.filter.unregister('after_render:txt', filter);
    });
  });

  it('render() - onRenderEnd method', () => {
    const onRenderEnd = sinon.spy(result => result + 'bar');

    const data = {
      text: 'foo',
      engine: 'txt',
      onRenderEnd
    };

    const filter = sinon.spy(result => {
      result.should.eql('foobar');
    });

    hexo.extend.filter.register('after_render:txt', filter);

    return hexo.render.render(data).then(result => {
      onRenderEnd.calledOnce.should.be.true;
      filter.calledOnce.should.be.true;

      hexo.extend.filter.unregister('after_render:txt', filter);
    });
  });

  it('renderSync() - path', () => {
    const result = hexo.render.renderSync({path});
    result.should.eql(obj);
  });

  it('renderSync() - text (without engine)', () => {
    const result = hexo.render.renderSync({text: body});
    result.should.eql(body);
  });

  it('renderSync() - text (with engine)', () => {
    const result = hexo.render.renderSync({text: body, engine: 'yaml'});
    result.should.eql(obj);
  });

  it('renderSync() - no path and text', () => {
    const errorCallback = sinon.spy(err => {
      err.should.have.property('message', 'No input file or string!');
    });

    try {
      hexo.render.renderSync();
    } catch (err) {
      errorCallback(err);
    }

    errorCallback.calledOnce.should.be.true;
  });

  it('renderSync() - options', () => {
    const result = hexo.render.renderSync({
      text: [
        '<title>{{ title }}</title>',
        '{{ content }}'
      ].join('\n'),
      engine: 'swig'
    }, {
      title: 'Hello world',
      content: 'foobar'
    });

    result.should.eql([
      '<title>Hello world</title>',
      'foobar'
    ].join('\n'));
  });

  it('renderSync() - toString', () => {
    const result = hexo.render.renderSync({
      text: body,
      engine: 'yaml',
      toString: true
    });

    result.should.eql(JSON.stringify(obj));
  });

  it('renderSync() - custom toString method', () => {
    const result = hexo.render.renderSync({
      text: body,
      engine: 'yaml',
      toString(data) {
        return JSON.stringify(data, null, '  ');
      }
    });

    result.should.eql(JSON.stringify(obj, null, '  '));
  });

  it('renderSync() - after_render filter', () => {
    const data = {
      text: '  123456  ',
      engine: 'swig'
    };

    const filter = sinon.spy((result, obj) => {
      result.should.eql(data.text);
      obj.should.eql(data);
      return result.trim();
    });

    hexo.extend.filter.register('after_render:html', filter);

    const result = hexo.render.renderSync(data);

    filter.calledOnce.should.be.true;
    result.should.eql(data.text.trim());

    hexo.extend.filter.unregister('after_render:html', filter);
  });

  it('renderSync() - after_render filter: use the given output extension if not found', () => {
    const data = {
      text: 'foo',
      engine: 'txt'
    };

    const filter = sinon.spy();
    hexo.extend.filter.register('after_render:txt', filter);

    hexo.render.renderSync(data);
    filter.calledOnce.should.be.true;
    hexo.extend.filter.unregister('after_render:txt', filter);
  });

  it('renderSync() - onRenderEnd', () => {
    const onRenderEnd = sinon.spy(result => result + 'bar');

    const data = {
      text: 'foo',
      engine: 'txt',
      onRenderEnd
    };

    const filter = sinon.spy(result => {
      result.should.eql('foobar');
    });

    hexo.extend.filter.register('after_render:txt', filter);

    hexo.render.renderSync(data);
    onRenderEnd.calledOnce.should.be.true;
    filter.calledOnce.should.be.true;

    hexo.extend.filter.unregister('after_render:txt', filter);
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Southern Switzerland
Romandy
German Switzerland and Liechtenstein
Romansh Switzerland
The Simplon village is located at 1476 m a.s.l. on the south side of the Simplon Pass and has 310 inhabitants. The architectural style with its typical stone slab roofs is reminiscent of nearby Italy. The village centre is classified as a site of national importance in the inventory of sites worthy of protection in Switzerland.
The narrow Gondo gorge was considered insurmountable until the 17th century. Only the Brig merchant Kaspar Jodok von Stockalper began to use the Simplon Pass for the transport of salt on pack animals from the Mediterranean. Today, hikers along the Simplon route experience the transition from the Alpine Valais to the already Italian environment on the southern side: the typical stone slab roofs of the Simplon village with the village square, which resembles an Italian-style square. The highlight is the section through the Gondo Gorge, lined with granite walls.
Little churches of the village
Countryside Walking
Mountains Culture
Simplon Dorf (VS)
Inhabitants: 309
Altitude: 1476 m a.s.l.
Canton: Wallis
Municipality web site
Tourism web site
Villages in the same region:
© Copyright 2020 - Association The most beautiful Villages in Switzerland