text:
Q: Java Text file logon Does anyone have any ideas how I can complete my code for when a user logs in  using their username/password for the first time it notify s  them that a new  account has been created and then create a text file, with the user/pass in it. Whilest having it proceed to let users with accounts log in as usual.
Here is my code so far. It will read a text file for the username but it will receive a run time error on pass.
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Login{
  public static void main (String[] args) {
    Scanner scan = new Scanner("Libraries/Documents/userPass.txt");
    Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
    String user = scan.nextLine();
    String pass = scan.nextLine();

    String inpUser = keyboard.nextLine();
    String inpPass = keyboard.nextLine();

    if(inpUser.equals(user) && inpPass.equals(pass)){
      System.out.print("Welcome");
    }
    else{
      System.out.print("Password or Username is incorrect");
    }
  }
}

A: You would better use a XML file to store the usernames and passwords. It's easy to modify and read. And also you can trigger an error messages like User Already Exist if that username contains in XML file. Format will looks like(You can change this format as your choice),
<users>
    <user id="1">
        <username>User 1</username>
        <password>User 1 password</password>
    </user>

    <user id="2">
        <username>User 2</username>
        <password>User 2 password</password>
    </user>
</users>

and try to encrypt the password for more security. You can check with the username, if signing in user is already exist or not. If not exist, you can write it into the XML and notify a message like A new account has been created.
Here is the tutorial of XML reading and writing.
Read and Write XML in Java
Here is the modification of your code.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Login {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scan = null;
        File file = new File("Libraries/Documents/userPass.txt");

        try {

             scan = new Scanner(file);
             FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(file, true); //the true will append the new data
             Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
             String user = "";
             String pass = "";
             while (scan.hasNext()) {
                 user = scan.nextLine();
                 pass = scan.nextLine();
             }
             String inpUser = keyboard.nextLine();
             String inpPass = keyboard.nextLine();

            if (inpUser.equals(user) && inpPass.equals(pass)) {
                 System.out.print("Welcome");
            } else {
                 System.out.println("Password or Username is incorrect");
                 fw.write("\n" + inpUser + " " + inpPass);//appends the string to the file
                 fw.close();

                 System.out.println("New Account has been created!");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
     }
}

Hope this will help.

A: Code:
   int i = 0;
    String fileName = "C:\\Users\\J Urguby\\Documents"
            + "\\NetBeansProjects\\UserPassPageScanner\\src\\userpasspagescanner\\userPass.txt";
    File file = new File(fileName);
    while (i == 0) {
        Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter your user name plz:");
        String user = keyboard.next();
        System.out.println("Enter your password plz");
        String pass = keyboard.next();

        try (Scanner input = new Scanner(file)) {
            while (input.hasNextLine()) {
                String[] line = input.nextLine().split(" ");
                if (line[0].equals(user) && line[1].equals(pass)) {
                    System.out.print("Welcome");
                    i = 1;
                }
           }
             if(i==0) System.out.println("Password or Username is incorrect");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }
}

Output:

File Content:
kick 123456
hello 234568

Note: if you need any clarification please let me know

A: Let's start with, Scanner scan = new Scanner("Libraries/Documents/userPass.txt");, which isn't doing what you think it is.  Instead of reading the file userPass.txt, it is using the String value as the contents for the Scanner...
Instead you should be using Scanner(File) instead...
In this case, all you really need to do is check for the existence of the File to determine if it's a new user or not, for example...
File passes = new File("userPass.txt");
try {
    String user = null;
    String pass = null;
    if (passes.exists()) {
        try (Scanner scan = new Scanner(passes)) {
            user = scan.nextLine();
            pass = scan.nextLine();
        }
    }

    if (user == null) {

        System.out.println("Welcome new user, please enter the user name and password for your new account...");

    } else {

        System.out.println("Welcome back user, please enter your user name and password...");

    }

    Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);

    String inpUser = keyboard.nextLine();
    String inpPass = keyboard.nextLine();

    if (user == null) {
        // Create user account...
    } else {
        if (inpUser.equals(user) && inpPass.equals(pass)) {

            System.out.print("Welcome");

        } else {

            System.out.print("Password or Username is incorrect");

        }
    }
} catch (IOException ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
}


morning in the bro home.
tims new tatoo of his dog; charlie.
miles, tim and i went to horton's.
miles' job interview. he got the gig.
buddy shows up for another sesh.
tonight a party was held at lewis' house in grimace's honor. welcome home, homie.
braeden's a rock star. any girls who arent already fanning over him will be soon.
the king and queen of gordo.
high school revisited. some of these cats even go as far back as torquay!
kaitlyn doyle. seems i had only girlfriends in grade 8.


text:
Impact of aging on obstetric outcomes: defining advanced maternal age in Barcelona
Marta Claramonte Nieto ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-89351,
Eva Meler Barrabes2,
Sandra Garcia Martínez3,
Mireia Gutiérrez Prat1 &
Bernat Serra Zantop4
Women of advanced maternal age (AMA) are a growing population, with higher obstetric risks. The Mediterranean population has specific characteristics different from other areas. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish a cut-off to define AMA in a selected mediterranean population coming from a tertiary referral private/mutual health hospital in Barcelona.
Retrospective cohort of euploid singleton pregnancies delivered from January 2007 to June 2017. Main maternal outcomes were: gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, placenta previa, c-section and prolonged hospitalization (≥ 7 days). Main adverse perinatal outcomes were: stillbirth, prematurity, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, low birth weight, need of admission at a neonatal intensive care unit and perinatal mortality. Adjustment for confounding factors (smoking, previous comorbilities, parity, assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and obesity) was performed.
A total of 25054 pregnancies were included. Mean maternal age was 34.7 ± 4.2 years, with 2807 patients in the group of age between 40 and 44 years (11.2%) and 280 patients ≥45 years (1.1%). Women at AMA had higher incidence of previous comorbilities (compared to the reference group of women < 30 years): prior c-section, chronic hypertension and obesity. In addition, they were more likely to use ART. After adjusting for confounding factors, maternal age was an independent and statistically significant risk factor for gestational diabetes (OR 1.66/2.80/3.14) for ages 30–39, 40–44 and ≥ 45 years respectively, c-section (OR 1.28/2.41/7.27) and placenta previa (OR 2.56/4.83) for ages 40–44 and ≥ 45 years respectively, but not for preeclampsia (neither early-onset nor late-onset). Risk of emergency c-section was only increased in women ≥45 years (OR, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.50–2.74). In the other groups of age, the increase in c-section rate was because of elective indications. Age ≥ 45 years was associated with iatrogenic prematurity < 37 weeks (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.30–5.27). No other relevant associations between AMA and maternal or neonatal outcomes were found.
Maternal age is an independent risk factor for adverse obstetric outcomes. Age ≥ 40 years was associated to relevant increased risks and reveals to be an adequate cut-off to define AMA in our population.
In the last decades, the rate of pregnancies at an advanced maternal age (AMA) has increased steadily [1,2,3]. In most studies addressing this issue, AMA is defined as maternal age above 35 years, considering very advanced maternal age (VAMA) 40 years or more and extremely advanced maternal age (EAMA) 45 years or more [4].
In Spain, mean maternal age at first delivery has risen from 25.2 years in 1975 to 30.7 years in 2016. In 2016, 38.7% of deliveries in Spain were among mothers over 35 years of age and 8.39% over 40 [1]. The delay of motherhood is especially obvious in high-income countries [5, 6]. A higher educational level, a delayed economic independence, difficulties in conciliating and the widespread use of assisted reproductive techniques may explain this tendency [2].
Recent predictive demographic models in Spain pin mean maternal age of the first pregnancy around 33 years by the year 2050 [3]. Thus, the scientific community is concerned about the impact of AMA on obstetrical outcomes, and aims to continuously update knowledge about AMA and its attributable obstetric consequences, in order to better categorize and assess this increasing subgroup of pregnant women [4, 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] .
Most studies agree that AMA is related to an increase of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes (GD), stillbirth, placenta previa (PP), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), prematurity and cesarean section. However, one of the main limitation of some published data is the suboptimal control of some important confounding factors such as maternal chronic hypertension, smoking status, or previous c-section [8]. Moreover, some other studies did not include multivariable logistic regression analysis in the results [12, 15] a major limitation as some outcomes reveal not to be significantly increased when controlling for confounding factors [7, 9].
Finally, and not less negligeable, most of the studies omit the subgroup > 45 years old because of a reduced number of patients, thus potentially underestimating the risk in that group of patients. However, latest studies suggest a cut-off to define AMA ≥40 years, based on risk prediction charts [17].
In that context, we aimed to accurately assess and validate the cut-off to define AMA in our Mediterranean population according to specific obstetrical outcomes. For that purpose, we conducted a study evaluating prior maternal comorbidities and the association of AMA with obstetrical outcomes.
This was a retrospective cohort study conducted between January 2007 and June 2017 on women who attended antenatal visits and delivered in Salud de la Mujer Dexeus, a private/mutual health tertiary university hospital in Barcelona,.
All pregnancies included in the study were from singleton pregnant women over 18 years at the time of the delivery and who gave birth after 23 weeks of gestation. Pregnancies with aneuploidies or microdeletions confirmed by karyotype or array-CGH, major fetal defects and multiple gestations were excluded.
At the first antenatal visit, maternal characteristics were collected: previous maternal conditions (chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus type I or II, thrombophilia, heart disease, renal disease, neurological disease, asthma and psychiatric disorders), cigarette smoking status and other medical conditions. We also recorded previous obstetric history: parity, previous c-section, history of previous preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, stillbirth or low birth weight. The method of conception (spontaneous vs. assisted reproductive techniques) was also registered. Maternal height (cm) and weight (kg) were measured in first visit. Database accuracy was validated by reviewing the information in 250 patients, manually checking that there were no systematic mistakes in data introduction.
Gestational age was determined by first trimester CRL ultrasound measurement [18]. When first trimester scan was not available, gestational age was determined by last menstruation period.
Adverse maternal outcomes considered were: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, stillbirth, placenta previa, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) (defined below 37 weeks), chorioamnionitis and preterm delivery. Preterm deliveries were in turn divided in extreme preterm (below 28 weeks), moderate preterm (below 34 weeks) and late preterm (below 37 weeks). Cause of prematurity, whether spontaneous or iatrogenically induced for fetal or maternal reasons, mode of delivery and indications for c-section were recorded. We defined Combined Adverse Maternal Outcome (CAMO) as post-partum hemorrhage (subjective blood loss > 1.000 ml), need of hysterectomy or transfusion of concentrated red cells. Long-term hospital stay was defined as 7 days or more at any time during pregnancy or after delivery.
The main adverse neonatal outcomes included were low Apgar score (< 7 at 5 min), low birth weight (LBW) (< 1500 g and < 2500 g), small for gestational age (SGA) (below the 10th percentile according to local neonatal references), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and neonatal mortality.
PE was defined according to International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP) criteria [19]. Gestational hypertension (Systolic Blood Pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or Diastolic Blood Pressure ≥ 90 mmHg without significant proteinuria) was a separate outcome that we did not analysed. Late-onset PE was defined as confirmed PE ≥34 weeks.
The diagnosis of gestational diabetes was based on National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria [20]. According to the protocol, in the presence of polyhydramnios, suspected macrosomia or repeated glycosuria, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed despite having a previous normal O'Sullivan test.
Stillbirth was defined as fetal death occurring after 20 weeks' gestation or when birth weight was above 400 g.
Placenta previa was diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound when the placental edge overlapped or was within 2 cm of the internal cervical orifice in late pregnancy.
PPROM was defined as the rupture of amniotic membranes prior to 37.0 weeks of gestation, and was confirmed by the detection of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (Actim PROM test®) in the vaginal fluid. Chorioamnionitis was diagnosed using Gibbs criteria defined in 1982 [21].
Obesity was considered a BMI ≥30. Multiparity was considered when gravida ≥2.
We considered as confounding factors: chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes mellitus type I/II, use of ART, obesity, smoking, previous c-section and multiparity. Concurrent PE and GD were considered mediating but not contributing factors, so were not included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board. Number 14/2017719/01.
Mean ± standard deviation was reported for continuous variables, and number and percentage were reported for categorical variables.
A generalized additive model was used to observe the functional distribution of the maternal outcomes over maternal age. According to his relation maternal age was divided into four groups: < 30 years, 30–34 years, 35–39 years, 40–44 years and ≥ 45 years.
Multivariable logistic models were fitted after adjusting for confounding variables and after analyzing the distribution of each outcome.
Odds ratios with their respective confidence interval were calculated for the four interval maternal age groups, using the group aged less than 30 years as a reference. A variable was considered statistically significant when the p value was less than α = 0.05.
However, as the sample size was large, the statistical analysis was powerful enough to detect small differences in risk between age groups that might not be clinically relevant. Then, since the OR describes the magnitude of the effect between groups, an aOR ≥ 2 was chosen to represent meaningful risks associated with maternal age. This threshold (OR ≥ 2) was decided on the basis that we consider that the specific management of these patients, including for example additional surveillance, induction of labor or specific prenatal counseling [22], should be adjusted to the increased risk that affects this subgroup. This strategy has been previously used in similar studies with large sample size to stratify risks [7].
The statistical analysis was performed using IBM_SPSS_Statistics V22.0 software. R software version 3.3.2 (2016-10-31) was used for these models [23, 24]. The MGCV statistical software package (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mgcv), ggplot2 (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggplot2), viridis (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=viridis) and ggridges (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggridges) were used.
During the study period, 27723 deliveries were attended in our center. Of those, the following were excluded from the analysis: 2207 (8.0%) multiple pregnancies; 457 (1.6%) pregnancies with confirmed aneuploidies/microdeletions or pregnancy terminations for major defects; and 5 (0.02%) patients under 18 years.
A total of 25054 euploid singleton pregnancies were finally included in the analysis. Mean maternal age was 34.7 ± 4.2 years. In this cohort, 9.7% (2437/25054) of women were < 30 years, 38.5% (9643/25054) were in the range 30–34 years, 39.5% (9887/25054) were 35–39 years, 11.2% (2807/25054) were 40–44 years and 1.1% (280/25054) of patients were ≥ 45 years. Pregnancies in women above 40 years accounted for 7.8% of all pregnant women in 2007 and this prevalence was more than double (19.8%) in June 2017. This increase was even more remarkable among women aged ≥45 years: with a 3.7 fold increase in the last 10 years and accounting for 2.6% of all pregnancies in 2017 (Fig. 1).
Evolution in the last 10 years of the obstetric population regarding age. Yellow line: 40 years mark. Purple line: 45 years mark
Mean global BMI was 23.1 ± 3.7 kg/m2: 78.7% of pregnant women had a normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), 15.9% were overweight (BMI 25–29 kg/m2) and 5.4% obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2).
97.7% of the total population was Caucasian, 99.8% of them from the mediterranean area (Portugal, Italy, Spain, Andorra and Greece). Regarding origin, our population had less migrant patients: 2.3% compared to 32% in the public maternity hospitals of the area. Although information on socio-economic status could not be registered (see limitations), a probably higher socio-economic status (middle-income) than in public hospitals was assumed, as we are a private/mutual health centre.
Summary of maternal characteristics can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1 Maternal characteristics per groups of age
Obstetrical outcomes
The relation between the obstetrical outcomes and maternal age is shown in Fig. 2. C-section, emergency c-section and elective c-section did not follow a linear distribution but increase or decrease over the age. Maternal age was analysed as a categorical variable by groups of age as specified above (see Statistical analysis).
Predictive percentage of main obstetric outcomes (analysing age as a continous variable)
Age revealed to be statisticallly significantly associated to gestational diabetes and elective c-section in all groups of age compared to the reference group (< 30 years of age). Risk of placenta previa was increased in patients ≥40 years. Preeclampsia, late-onset PE, prolongued hospitalisation and PPROM showed an association only in women ≥45 years. Complete data regarding obstetrical outcomes per groups of age is summarized in Table 2.
Table 2 Univariable logistic regression analysis of obstetric outcomes for the different age groups
Only one case of maternal death was reported. It happened in a 42 years-old patient, after sudden cardiac arrest during elective c-section.
When adjusting for confounding factors, maternal age still remained an independent risk factor for GD, PP and c-section, but not for PE (neither early nor late-onset PE) (Table 3).
Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of obstetric outcomes and age for main confounding factors (obesity, use of ART, smoking, chronic hypertension, previous c-section and parity)
Perinatal outcomes
Data from 25054 newborns were analyzed. 49 stillbirths (0.19%) were registered and no significant association with advanced maternal age (see Table 2) was observed. Gestational age of stillbirths were: 4 cases ≤24 weeks, 9 cases 24 to ≤28 weeks, 4 cases 28 to ≤32 weeks, 12 cases 32 to ≤36 weeks, 19 cases 36 to ≤40 weeks and 1 case at 41 weeks. 77.5% (38/49) of the stillbirths were of unknown cause. Severe preeclampsia was diagnosed in 1 case at 24 weeks of gestation, there was 1 case of uterine rupture, an infectious cause was confirmed in 5 cases and 4 cases had an umbilical cord accident. Stillbirth cases were excluded from further analysis regarding perinatal outcomes.
No significant associations between maternal age and low Apgar Score (< 7 at min 5) (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.99–1.11), SGA (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00), preterm delivery < 28 weeks (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97–1.09), need of NICU admission (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99–1.04) or perinatal mortality (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.97–1.06) were observed.
In women aged 40 years or above, a significant increased risk of preterm delivery below 34 and 37 weeks was observed: OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.07) and OR 1.02 (95% CI 1.01–1.04), respectively. However, when adjusting for confounding factors: obesity, ART, parity and smoking (see Table 4), this correlation disappeared. The association remained only significant for iatrogenic prematurity < 37 weeks in women ≥45 years (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.30–5.27), but not for the spontaneous one.
Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of prematurity and age for confounding factors (obesity, use of ART, smoking and parity)
An increased incidence of low birth weight (LBW) < 2500 g (OR 1.01 95% CI 1.00–1.03) and very low birth weight < 1500 g (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08) was observed with advanced maternal age. Nevertheless, maternal age showed up as a non-significant contributor for delivering a LBW baby after adjusting for confounding factors (obesity, parity, use of ART and smoking). Summarized data per age groups can be seen in Table 5.
Table 5 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of VLBW and LBW with age for confounding factors (obesity, use of ART, smoking)
In our cohort, 12.3% (3087/25054) of deliveries were from women ≥40 years, in concordance with the social tendency to postpone motherhood in the Spanish population [1, 3].
This study provides evidence that advanced age, after adjustment for main confounding factors (maternal characteristics, smoking, use of ART and main pregnancy complications), is significantly associated to gestational diabetes, placenta previa and caesarean delivery, but not to preeclampsia. No associations with stillbirth, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, chorioamnionitis and placental abruption were detected.
The risk of these adverse outcomes increased continoulsy with age. Statistical analysis with categorical age groups was conducted to analyze variables with a non-linear tendency and to better compare our research with other previous studies.
The risk of gestational diabetes was positively and significantly related with maternal age even after adjustment for main confounding factors (obesity, smoking, parity and use of ART) specially in women ≥40 years. These results are consistent with most of the previous research assessing this issue [7, 9, 15, 25,26,27]. The described association between aging and endothelial damage [28, 29] may be the cause: age is a well known cardiovascular risk factor that produces structural and functional changes in the vasculature. Disfunctional endothelium increases the risk of developing insulin resistance [30], which in its turn elevates the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic syndromes.
Placenta previa is an uncommon complication that occurs in approximately 0.5% of pregnancies [31]. In this cohort, the incidence in women between 40 and 44 years and ≥ 45 years raised up to 2.3% (65/2807) and 6.1% (17/280), respectively. Even after adjustment for confounding factors, such as previous c-section, parity, smoking and use of ART, these differences remained significant.In the FATER trial, Cleary-Goldman et al [7] found a similar risk of placenta previa (AdjOR 2.8 at > 40 years) in a prospective study among more than 36000 patients. This association has also been described in a recent meta-analysis [32], although a main limitation was the lack of adjustment for confounding factors.
Preeclampsia showed a trend for a positive association with age, with an incidence around 1.5% until 40 years and reaching 5% incidence in women ≥45 years. However, no significant association was found at any group of age when adjusting for confounding factors (chronic hypertension, parity, smoking, use of ART, and obesity), neither for early-onset nor for late-onset PE. There is wide evidence on the physiopathology of PE and the higher participation of a maternal impaired endothelial component in late PE [28, 29]. This component would worse with advanced maternal age [30], as age is known to induce endothelial damage that would lead to an increased hypertension risk. Previous research has been controversial when assessing the risk of preeclampsia at an advanced maternal age. Duckitt et al. [33] concluded that women aged ≥40 had twice the risk of developing PE, but all but one study included in the review failed to control preexisting conditions. Lamminpää et al. [12] found that women > 35 years were 1.5-times more likely to have preeclampsia compared to women < 35 years. However, the incidence of preeclampsia in this study was significantly higher (9.4 and 6.4%, respectively) than the one in our population (1.6%). On the contrary, Cleary-Goldman et al [7] did not find an association between maternal age and the prevalence of PE, after controlling for parity, history of medical conditions and use of assisted reproductive care. The low incidence of PE in their population (2.4%) and the fact that the same confounding factors were controlled could explain the similarities with our results.
The prevalence of stillbirth in our population was 0.19% (49/25054) and, in line with other previous studies [9, 17], no significant association with age was detected. However, in a recent meta-analysis, Lean SC et al [4] concluded that stillbirth risk increases with increasing maternal age. In part, this difference could be explained by the non-distinction between causes of stillbirth in most of the investigations, thus including fetuses with aneuploidies and malformations that were excluded in our analysis. It is noteworthy to mention that in our center, and according to protocol, induction was indicated at above 40 weeks of gestation in those patients ≥40 years. In the 35/39 trial [34, 35] elective induction was performed at 39 weeks if women were > 35 years. To avoid one case of stillbirth, a NNT of 562 was obtained. We could suppose that by raising AMA ≥40 years, the NNT could be somehow lower, although RCT should be addressed to evaluate this issue.
Placental dysfunction disorders such as stillbirth, PE and IUGR were not associated with AMA in our research. The baseline characteristics of our population with a low incidence of PE (1.6%), low obesity rates (5.4%) and our policy of induction at 40 + 0 weeks in women above 40 years of age, could explain these controversial results in comparison with other studies [2, 7, 9, 12, 36].
Overall, 30.4% (7615/25054) of patients underwent caesarean section, a high rate that must be framed in the context of a tertiary referral hospital. After adjusting for confounding factors, such as previous caesarean section, parity and obesity, the prevalence and consequently the risk of c-section significantly increased with maternal age. The same trend was observed regarding elective caesarean section, which was significantly high in pregnant women above 40 years, with a 3-fold increased risk in women between 40 and 44 years and an 8-fold increased risk in women ≥45 years. On the contrary, the risk of an emergency caesarean section only increased significantly among women ≥45 years (AdjOR 2.03, CI 95% 1.50–2.74). Thus, in our population, women < 45 years who had an attempt of vaginal birth did not experience a significant increased risk of emergency c-section. Several previous studies concluded that AMA is associated with higher rates of caesarean delivery [4, 12, 37,38,39,40]. This could be explained by a deficient myometrium contractility, atherosclerosis of uterine arteries and a decrease in oxytocin receptors with age [13, 35, 41], However, it remains still controversial whether these higher rates of caesarean delivery, at the expenso of elective c-sections, could only be justified by obstetrical complications and labor dystocia or because patient's and medical sensitivity towards older pregnancies could lead to iatrogenic interventions [7].
Women ≥45 years showed a significant prolonged hospitalization (> 7 days) in line with the results of C. Haslingera et al. [25] and A. Ben-David et al. [26].
Maternal age was not associated with preterm delivery at any gestational age except women ≥45 years who showed a 2.5-fold increased risk of iatrogenic PTB < 37 weeks. Khalil et al. [9] found a positive association with iatrogenic prematurity when differentiating between both groups of prematurity, but did not control for other confounding factors as was done in our investigation.
A cut-off to define AMA is found to be useful in clinical practice. Women tagged as "AMA" are tributary of greater surveillance and special effort should be made in those patients to prevent complications. In our population, some obstetric risks such as GD and c-section in women between 35 and 39 years were higher than in the reference group but not clinically relevant enough (considering relevant an OR ≥ 2 for the variables studied). Moreover, important outcomes such as placenta previa showed no association with this group of age. In women ≥40 years, significantly higher risks were observed, especially regarding GD (aOR 2.91), PP (aOR 2.56) and c-section (aOR 2.45). Special attention should be focused on women ≥45 years, as it is the group with the highest risks: 19.3% incidence of GD, 6.1% of placenta previa, 71.8% of c-section (including higher risk of emergency c-section), 2.1% of prolonged maternal hospitalization, 6.1% of iatrogenic prematurity < 37 weeks (AdjOR 2.62) and 2.9% of PPROM (OR 3.38). In our population, a definition of AMA above 35 years could dilute obstetric risks and medical efforts on surveillance, and a definition above 45 years could miss many patients at increased risk of relevant adverse obstetric outcomes. Thus, with the information obtained in this study, we propose a cut-off to define AMA ≥40 years for our population.
Some strengths of this study were: the large number of patients included, fully-controlled in a single center; careful prospective data collection; and detailed information on maternal and neonatal outcomes of interest. This reliable database allowed consistent and accurate retrospective analysis, although a selection bias could not be excluded as it is a single center study. Limitations of this investigation were lack of collected information regarding the patients' socioeconomic status, impossibility to obtain data on previous preterm birth for multivariable logistic regression analysis in prematurity and a possible selection bias as it is a private/mutual health hospital.
Maternal age was associated to relevant adverse obstetric outcomes, such as gestational diabetes, placenta previa, caesarean delivery, prolonged hospitalization and PPROM. Although maternal age was significantly and positively associated to these complications in a continuous tendency, women ≥40 years and especially ≥45 years were the ones with higher clinically relevant risks. Moreover, these patients are at increased risk of iatrogenia, as they have very high elective c-section rates, difficult to explain only for obstetrical reasons. Thus, according to these results, a definition of AMA ≥40 years revealed to be adequate in our population. Preconceptional assessment and optimization of previous medical conditions would be recommended before pregnancy in these patients. This study found acceptable good perinatal results, as no significant increase of perinatal mortality or need of NICU admission were observed.
Future investigation should be addressed to develop medical interventions and additional pregnancy surveillance, specially preventive strategies, that could improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with advanced maternal age.
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. Supplementary information files are also available on request.
AMA:
Advanced maternal age
Array-CGH:
Array comparative genomic hybridization
Assisted reproductive techniques
CRL:
Crown rump length
EAMA:
Extremely advanced maternal age
GD:
ISSHP criteria:
International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy criteria
IUGR:
LBW:
NDDG criteria:
National Diabetes Data Group criteria
NICU:
PP:
PPROM:
Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes
PTB:
SGA:
Small for gestational age
VAMA:
Very advanced maternal age
VLBW:
Very low birth weight
Instituto Nacional de Estadística. INEbase Movimiento natural de la población. Primer semestre 2017 (datos provisionales). Nacimientos. http://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e301/provi/l0/&file=01001.px&L=0.
SOGC. COMMITTEE OPINION (2012). Delayed child-bearing. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2012;34(1):80–9.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Nota de prensa. Proyección de la Población de España 2014–2064 http://www.ine.es/prensa/np870.pdf.
Lean SC, Derricott H, Jones RL, Heazell AEP. Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0186287. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186287.
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. RCOG statement on later maternal age. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; 2009.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Births: final data for 2006, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Vol. 57, No. 7, 2009, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_07.pdf
Cleary-Goldman J, Malone FD, Vidaver J, Ball RH, Nyberg DA, et al. Impact of maternal age on obstetric outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:983–90 pmid:15863534.
Kenny LC, Lavender T, McNamee R, O'Neill SM, Mills T, et al. Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome: evidence from a large contemporary cohort. PLoS One. 2013;8:e56583 pmid:23437176.
Khalil A, Syngelaki A, Maiz N, Zinevich Y, Nicolaides KH. Maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome: a cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013;42:634–43.
Ling Huang MD. MSc, Reg Sauve MD MPH, Nicholas Birkett MD MSc, dean Fergusson MHA PhD, Carl van Walraven MD MSc (2008). Maternal age and risk of stillbirth: a systematic review. CMAJ. 2008;178(2):165–72 pmid:18195290.
Odibo AO, Nelson D, Stamilio DM, Sehdev HM, Macones GA. Advanced maternal age is an independent risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Perinatol. 2006;23:325–8 pmid:16799913.
Lamminpaa R, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Gissler M, Heinonen S. Preeclampsia complicated by advanced maternal age: a registry-based study on primiparous women in Finland 1997–2008. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012;12:47.
Bayrampour H, Heaman M. Advanced maternal age and the risk of cesarean birth: a systematic review. Birth. 2010;37:219–26 pmid:20887538.
Carolan M. Maternal age > = 45 years and maternal and perinatal outcomes: a review of the evidence. Midwifery. 2013;29:479–89 pmid:23159159.
Rodríguez AV, Padró RT, Andrés FMS, et al. Influfencia de la edad y de las técnicas de reproducción asistida en nuestros resultados obstétricos y perinatales. Prog Obstet Ginecol. 2010;53(10):391–8.
http://canalsalut.gencat.cat/web/.content/_Professionals/Vigilancia_epidemiologica/documents/arxius/EXECUTIU_2017_S.Perinatal.pdf.
Frederiksen LE, Ernst A, Brix N, Braskhøj Lauridsen LL, Roos L, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Ekelund CK. Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes at advanced maternal age. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(3):457–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000002504.
Robinson HP. Sonar measurement of fetal crown-rump length as means of assessing maturity in first trimester of pregnancy. Br Med J. 1973;4(5883):28–31.
Pregnancy Hypertension. An International Journal of Women's Cardiovascular Health 4; 2014. p. 97–104. http://79.170.40.175/isshp.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Revised-statement-ISSHP-2014.pdf
Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. National Diabetes Data Group. Diabetes. 1979;28(12):1039–57.
Gibbs RS, Blanco JD, St Clair PJ, Castaneda YS. Quantitative bacteriology of amniotic fluid from women with clinical intraamniotic infection at term. J Infect Dis. 1982;145:1.
Lindgren BR, Wielinski CL, Finkelstein SM, Warwick WJ. Contrasting clinical and statistical significance within the research setting. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993;16(6):336–40.
R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2008. ISBN 3–900051–07-0. Available from: www.R-project.org. Accessed 16 Oct 2017
Wood SN. Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R Chapman & Hall/CRC; 2016.
Haslingera C, Stoibera B, Capannaa F, Schäffera M-K, Zimmermanna R, Schäfferb L. Postponed pregnancies and risks of very advanced maternal age. Swiss Med Wkly. 2016;146:w14330. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2016.14330.
Ben-David A, Glasse S, Schiff E, Zahav AS, Boyko V, Lerner-Geva1 L. Pregnancy and birth outcomes among Primiparae at very advanced maternal age: at what Price? Matern Child Health J. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-015-1914-8.
Balasch J, Gratacós E. Delayed childbearing: effects on fertility and the outcome of pregnancy. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2011;29:263–73. https://doi.org/10.1159/000323142.
Crawford BS, Davis J, Harrigill K. Uterine artery atherosclerotic disease: histologic features and clinical correlation. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;90:210–5.
Bianco A, Stone J, Lynch L, Lapinski R, Berkowitz G, Berkowitz R. Pregnancy outcome at age 40 and older. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;87:917–22.
Pinkney JH, Stehouwer CD, Coppack SW, Yudkin JS. Endothelial dysfunction: cause of the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes. 1997;2:S9–13.
Silver RM. Abnormal Placentation Placenta Previa, Vasa Previa, and Placenta Accreta. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;126(3):654–68. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000001005.
KG M, ÉM G, ETD SN, SGND G. Advanced maternal age and its association with placenta praevia and placental abruption: a meta-analysis. Cad Saude Publica. 2018;34(2):e00206116. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00206116.
Duckitt K, Harrington D. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia at antenatal booking: systematic review of controlled studies. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38380.674340.E0.
Walker KF, Dritsaki M, Bugg G, Macpherson M, McCormick C, Grace N, Wildsmith C, Bradshaw L, Smith GCS, Thornton JG. Labour induction near term for women aged 35 or over: an economic evaluation. BJOG. 2017;124(6):929–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14557.
Walker KF, Bugg GJ, Macpherson M, McCormick C, Grace N, Wildsmith C, Bradshaw L, Smith GCS, Thornton JG, for the 35/39 trial group*. Randomized trial of labor induction in women 35 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(9):813–22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1509117.
Ogawa, et al. Association between very advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a cross sectional Japanese study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17:349.
Julia Timofeev MD, Uma M, Reddy MD. MPH, Chun-Chih Huang, PhD, Rita W. Driggers, MD, Helain J. Landy, MD, and S. Katherine Laughon, MD, MS. obstetric complications, neonatal morbidity, and indications of cesarean delivery by maternal age. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(6):1184–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000000017.
Jacquemyn Y, Martens E, Martens G. Pregnancy at late premenopausal age: outcome of pregnancies at 45 years and older in Flanders, Belgium. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;34(6):479–81.
Rendtorff R, Hinkson L, Kiver V, Dröge LA, Henrich W. Pregnancies in women aged 45 years and older – a 10-year retrospective analysis in Berlin. Geburtsh Frauenheilk. 2017;77:268–27. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-100105.
Osmundson SS, Gould JB, Butwick AJ, et al. Labor outcome at extremely advanced maternal age. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214:362.e1–7.
Treacy A, Robson M, O'Herlihy C. Dystocia increases with advancing maternal age. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:760–3.
Nacho Rodríguez García, Marta Carrera Martínez. Under the auspices of the Càtedra d' Investigació en Obstetrícia i Ginecologia de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
No funding was received for this study.
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Dexeus Mujer, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
Marta Claramonte Nieto
& Mireia Gutiérrez Prat
BCNatal, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
Eva Meler Barrabes
Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Dexeus Mujer, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
Sandra Garcia Martínez
Director of Obstetrics Department, Dexeus Mujer, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
Bernat Serra Zantop
Search for Marta Claramonte Nieto in:
Search for Eva Meler Barrabes in:
Search for Sandra Garcia Martínez in:
Search for Mireia Gutiérrez Prat in:
Search for Bernat Serra Zantop in:
E.M: substantially contributed in the design, review and interpretation of the results. S.G: carried out a lot of work by performing all the statistical analysis. M.G: significantly contributed by collecting data and writing some parts of the main document. B.S: as a senior consultant, substantially contributed in the final review of the study. M.C: main author. Developed the idea of the study, collected data, wrote the major part of the manuscript and reviewed all the documents for submission. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.
Correspondence to Marta Claramonte Nieto.
Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board. Number 14/2017719/01. A certification has been annexed in the documents.
The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
Claramonte Nieto, M., Meler Barrabes, E., Garcia Martínez, S. et al. Impact of aging on obstetric outcomes: defining advanced maternal age in Barcelona. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 19, 342 (2019) doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2415-3
Maternal health and pregnancy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We expect more than 1.400 professionals and executives from mountain related companies and institutions: Ski resorts, mountain municipalities, border crossings, mining companies, tourism operators, mountain roads, mountain parks, ropeways operators, police, army, skiing & snowboarding schools and clubs etc. Involved ministries: Interior, Transport, Interior, Public Works, Tourism, Sports, Mining, Defense, Livestock Production, Agriculture,etc. Indeed, all these activities share mountain related challenges: high altitude water conveyance, road clearance, protection and management, avalanche control, protection against falling rocks, building in high altitude, cable transport, etc. SPECIAL INVITATION If you belong to any institution or company related to the subject, we invite you, along with your team of collaborators, to Expo Andes 2019. Please complete the form and our executives will schedule your visit.


Nick girls rule the world.
When girls get together their power gets LOUDER! Shout for pride about GIRL POWER!. NEW YORK — For Beyoncé, girls run the world. At Nickelodeon, girls rule the world, and that's no coincidence. In need of an animated.
Music Monday | 'Nick Girls Rule the World' Official Music Video | Nick.
Nick girls rule the world Although her performance at the Billboard Music Awards was well received by critics, it ignited controversy surrounding the production due to visual similarities to a performance by Italian pop star Lorella Cuccarini in February at the 60th Sanremo Music Festival in Italy.
Nickelodeon's got your anthem right here, so crank up your speakers and get in formation! Who runs the world? YOU DO!. "Run the World (Girls)" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé, from her "Run the World" was written by Terius "The-Dream" Nash, Beyoncé, Nick van de Wall, Thomas Wesley "Beyoncé tells girls they rule the world".
It was written by Terius "The-Dream" Nash (man), Beyoncé, Nick "Afrojack" van de Wall (man), Wesley "Diplo" Pentz (man), David "Switch" Taylor (man), and.
Beyonce's "Run the World Girls " ". To watch the skill and composure in an environment that is foreign to our players compared to our European foes: Retrieved July 13, Retrieved May 10, Retrieved July 7, Please note that you have to click on the cover art of 'I was Here' to see the quote.
What is a study design in research Most other countries are passionate about being able to participate and have another avenue for the world to see their country.
Delay in bonus content irks buyers". The Washington Post Company. One would have to track down a Husky Soccer Alumni to find out more. He highlighted the "elaborate, hip-displacing dance routines, haute-couture costuming, wide-screen cinematography and expensive-looking sets".
Kids have watched more soccer on TV, played more soccer and been coached by parents who have a better understanding of the sport.
We've got your anthem Girls Rule the World Music Video w/ Alvin!, Spongebob SquarePants, TMNT, & More | Nick. Resize.
Anna "the independent-feministlawyer-rule the-world-young-woman" she'd always been. Nick was like no man she'd ever thought she could possibly meet. Am I going to spend the rest of my life following the famous Nick Shelby around the world? This might be romantic to some other girl but what the hell??? Could a. Lyrics to "Run The World (Girls)" song by Beyonce Knowles: Girls, we run this mother Writer(s): adidja palmer, beyonce knowles, david taylor, nick van de wall.
Questions when meeting someone new minors I am going to continue to write those songs that give women strength.
The journey was what made these bonds, and how lucky and deserved they were for reaching their dream.
Somehow he has to meld players that have appearances with players that have 20 or less and do not play in a great league. Why we love it, hate it". This team, this dream was over.
I think about saying the things that women want to say but sometimes are not confident enough to say.
Week Ending May 7, ". Why we love it, hate it".
Run the World Girls " in Finnish.
The writers of Billboard magazine described the live performance as both "stunning" and "impressive".


The level of loan interest set by CFBL from its lending is thus at a level required to support the coupon obligations after costs. CFBL lending rates are sensitive to the marketplace in general for providing asset backed finance, which are typically between 9% and 15% per annum. At these rates there is a sufficient differential between the interest received from borrowers and CFBL's contractual obligations to pay the coupon.
As Notes are issued in Series, each with specific terms, the level of coupon offered on new Series issued can be adjusted within the rules of the programme upwards or downwards depending on the interest rate environments in the UK and further afield.
It is anticipated that Notes are offered with a market competitive coupon in the range of 6% to 8% and so in the current low interest rate environment offer an opportunity for professional investors to secure yield with underlying asset security.
Each Series issued is admitted to the Global Exchange Market of the Irish Stock Exchange where full details can be viewed. It is enabled for electronic clearing and settlement through CREST, Euroclear and Clearstream so the Directors of CFBL can raise capital within the UK and internationally.


Also skilled at: The chicken dance, the robot, the pony, etc. etc.
Fact: Channing Tatum knows his way around a dance floor. But while Step Up and Magic Mike gave us an idea of how well he can twerk/body roll/take his clothes off, we weren't exactly clued in to his more PG-13 moves.
Until now—this blessed day on which Vanity Fair has given us the gift of Channing Tatum doing awkward party moves.
Watch below, marvel at how Tatum can work wayyyyyyyy more than the pole.


With breathtaking wrap-around harbor views of Saipan from a spacious balcony, the Deluxe Ocean Room provides a peaceful retreat. The bright, classic and European style 83 square meters offers comfortable furnishings, minibar, and a wide range of hi-tech enhancements. Guests can make the most of their leisure time and conduct business at the touch of a button.


text:
The cult of Cruel Intentions: how a debauched teen movie seduced a generation
Sarah Michelle Gellar in the cult teen classic Cruel Intentions Credit: Columbia Pictures
Adam White
6 March 2019 • 7:59am
In an era of squeaky clean teen movies, Cruel Intentions – released 20 years ago this week – was a sexy cinematic firebomb, one dressed up in a blood-red bustier and dripping in quasi-incestuous dirty talk. A hotbed of elegant townhouses, preppy fashions and lurid camp, Roger Kumble's Nineties classic feels both entirely of its time and yet oddly ageless.
Inspired by the 18th century novel Les Liaisons dangereuses, Cruel Intentions saw Sarah Michelle Gellar cast as the scheming New York debutante Kathryn Merteuil, a ruthless schoolgirl with a cocaine-stuffed crucifix strung around her neck and an equally nasty stepbrother, Sebastian Valmont, played by Ryan Phillippe. To get their kicks during a tedious Manhattan summer, they set a wager: if Sebastian is able to deflower the dewy, righteous socialite Annette Hargove (Reese Witherspoon), Kathryn will sleep with him in return. If he fails, she'll get his car.
Beloved by generations of fans for nearly two decades, it's somewhat unexpectedly rode a second wave of attention during the past two years, where it's spawned a television sequel, a wildly successful jukebox musical in the US, and a hip-hop mixtape that bore its title. It's subsequently led many to wonder just how and why it's earned such a striking legacy.
'If my parents find out I watched this, I'm gonna get in so much trouble'
Selma Blair and Sarah Michelle Gellar in Cruel Intentions Credit: Columbia Pictures
"It was kind of that movie that you weren't supposed to let your parents know you've seen, or that you were watching," Jordan Ross, the co-creator of Cruel Intentions: The Musical, tells The Telegraph. "I remember seeing it for the first time and being just so entranced by all of it. I think a little bit of that was because of how sexy and how naughty it was, and how there was that feeling of 'If my parents find out I watched this, I'm gonna get in so much trouble.'"
He's right. Cruel Intentions is, frankly, very sexy. Its dialogue is delightfully crude and flamboyant ("I wanna f---!" Gellar shrieks at one point), themes of sex and power are fastidiously interlinked throughout, and it allowed Phillippe to cement his status as the leading purveyor of the late-Nineties gratuitous male butt shot. A scene in which Gellar instructs the hopelessly goofy and virginal Cecile Caldwell (Selma Blair) how to French kiss also inspired a generation of heterosexual males and gay girls to come of age right there and then.
But there's also the film's swooning romance. A kiss between Phillippe and Witherspoon exists like the crescendo of a Richard Curtis movie by way of a Calvin Klein ad, while it has an endlessly re-listenable soundtrack of Nineties earworms.
Placebo, Counting Crows and Blur all serenade the film's most iconic moments, before it builds to a bewilderingly brilliant final scene accompanied by The Verve's Bitter Sweet Symphony. Even the film's trailer is perfectly era-appropriate, a rapid-fire montage of film clips backed up by the likes of Sneaker Pimps and the theme song to magical Nineties jiggle-fest Charmed.
But Cruel Intentions also seems to tap into our generational thirst for schadenfreude. With our #[ProblematicCelebrity]IsOver Twitter parties (emerging whenever a star suffers a public mishap), and a call-out culture that perpetuates and feeds off the idea of knocking undesirables off a pedestal of unearned privilege, we've never been more hungry for public displays of embarrassment.
In the summer of 2016, those seeking easy distraction from a world rapidly shifting off its axis were entranced by the soapy rivalry between reality show icon Kim Kardashian and pop star Taylor Swift. After differing claims on both sides of Swift's involvement in Kanye West's single Famous, the scandal culminated in a moment of public humiliation served up via audio recording on Kardashian's Snapchat. Swift was exposed as having lied about her awareness of a vaguely offensive lyric written about her by Kardashian's husband Kanye West, and the internet quickly reacted.
That moment you get exposed...https://t.co/ZPUmc1Swq9
— Complex Music (@ComplexMusic) July 18, 2016
Amid the myriad of responses to Kardashian's revelation was a 20-second video tweet posted by Complex Magazine, in which photographs of the scandal's key players were crudely superimposed over Cruel Intentions's masterfully cinematic ending. The film's climax, in which a secretly villainous young woman is publicly exposed as a fraud, struck an obvious parallel to the unravelling scandal.
The public takedown of Kathryn Merteuil at the very end of the film, complete with proof of her misdeeds in the form of a proto-Mean Girls "Burn Book", was something of an unexpected trailblazer.
'I'd never seen mean teenagers done that way'
#throwbackthursday ok one last one because I was feeling nostalgic - and yes #CruelInventions was the original tittle. This pic was 1998 at our kick off dinner #cruelintentions #Crueltv #kathrynmerteuil
A post shared by Sarah Michelle (@sarahmgellar) on Feb 25, 2016 at 11:34am PST
It was that very villainy that convinced playwright-turned-filmmaker Roger Kumble to adapt Les Liaisons dangereuses for the modern day, transporting the actions of the corrupting, manipulative adults of the source material into the Prada-wearing bodies of a cluster of incredibly wealthy Manhattan adolescents.
"There was this movie called Welcome to the Dollhouse that Todd Solondz did," the film's writer and director Roger Kumble tells The Telegraph. "I loved that movie and I loved the fact that he was capturing mean teenagers, and I'd never seen it done that way. Plus I had always been a fan of all versions of the book, most notably the Christopher Hampton play and movie, as well as the Miloš Forman version [1989's Valmont], but especially the Roger Vadim version."
Vadim's 1959 adaptation, starring the late Jeanne Moreau, successfully transposed the historic source material to the modern day, and gave Kumble confidence that he could do the same. Kumble initially planned on making his cinematic debut as a minor indie with a budget of just $1 million, until producer Neal Moritz, one of the major players in the late-Nineties teen movie boom, sparked to the concept.
'Please! Please! Reese, you have to do this!'
Ryan Phillippe in Cruel Intentions Credit: Columbia Pictures
"It was really a series of fortunate breaks," Kumble remembers. "I got it into the hands of Moritz, and he had just made I Know What You Did Last Summer, [which starred Phillippe and Gellar]. He showed me it early on and said, 'Here are two actors'.
"I knew Sarah from [Buffy], but I didn't know Ryan's work. I was also looking at Jonathan Rhys Meyers at the time, because a lot of young Hollywood back then wanted to do it. But I kind of responded to both of them. Sarah was dying to break out from Buffy, and Ryan just had that kind of Valmont air about him.
"We looked at both Katie Holmes and Vinessa Shaw for the role of Annette. Both were excellent actors, but then hanging out with Ryan one night we had the idea to ask his girlfriend at the time."
Ryan Phillippe and Joshua Jackson in Cruel Intentions Credit: Columbia Pictures
In an era where even the best young adult actors were usually found playing stock roles such as The Bitchy Prom Queen or The Handsome Jock in between their tenures on teen television, Cruel Intentions offered rising stars an opportunity to prove their range. Joshua Jackson, then two seasons into his role as James Van Der Beek's randy BFF Pacey Witter on Dawson's Creek, pulls off a bleached-blonde dye job as one of Sebastian's gay accomplices in sexual blackmail, while there's also a fun cameo from Tara Reid. Watching the modern-day tabloid magnet and former Celebrity Big Brother contestant play a wholesome good girl unexpectedly dropped into scandal is, in retrospect, hilarious.
Even Reese Witherspoon's casting was a break from the norm for her. Fresh from a run of roles playing vaguely unhinged trailer trash in films such as Freeway and Overnight Delivery, Witherspoon was intrigued by the opportunity to play Cruel Intentions's single virtuous character (read: sort of boring). However, she still had to be convinced to sign on.
Reese Witherspoon as Annette Hargrove in Cruel Intentions Credit: Columbia Pictures
Witherspoon had met Moritz and Gellar while flying onto the set of I Know What You Did Last Summer in 1997 to visit Phillippe, her then-boyfriend, and liked the script, but was burned out after shooting three other films back-to-back. So Phillippe and Kumble had to woo her over a fancy dinner in Los Angeles.
"We took her out, bought her some nice wine, let her get a little buzz going, and then convinced her to do the movie," Phillippe told Premiere Magazine in 1999. (Kumble's version of events in the same interview was a little more hysterical: "I got down on my knees at Le Petit Bistro and begged her, 'Please! Please! Reese, you have to do this!'")
'She just wanted more'
Sarah Michelle Gellar and Ryan Phillippe in Cruel Intentions Credit: Columbia Pictures
It was Gellar, however, who had to make the most radical shift. Off the back of a double bill of pretty, helpless murder victims in Scream 2 and I Know What You Did Last Summer, and her two-season role as Buffy Summers, Gellar was given a chance to prove she could be more than a Vampire Slayer or a doomed damsel in distress.
Gellar dyed her hair (as Kumble remembers, "That was Sarah's thing – 'I don't want to look like Buffy'"), embraced the film's irresistible blend of bitter snark and sexual salaciousness, and rejected efforts to make her character more traditionally sympathetic.
"We had long talks about her history," Gellar told Premiere Magazine in 1999. "Roger used to always say, 'Don't you think that she was abused?' And I'd say, 'No, I think she had a perfect upbringing. I think her mother adored her and her father sent her amazing gifts. She just wanted more."
She was so proud of the film, she even publicly rebuffed Buffy creator Joss Whedon when he jokingly referred to Cruel Intentions as "a porny" at a 1999 Television Critics Association press conference: "I did what I think is my best work to date in that movie," she told Premiere. "Brushing it off by calling it 'a porny' is unbelievably hurtful to me. He owes me flowers. And that's on the record."
"She didn't have to lean into the dialogue," Kumble remembers of Gellar. "The dialogue carried the weight, so [the characters] could say the most horrible things as if they were just ordering food. And Sarah had that ability. She grew up in Manhattan, so she came from that world, and she was also [early Nineties soap opera villainness] Kendall on All My Children, you know? So it wasn't just Buffy, she knew that type of character."
'I don't think I would have written it the same – It's horrendous what Sebastian does!'
Selma Blair in Cruel Intentions Credit: Columbia Pictures
Kumble also credits Blair's goofy Cecile for making the film's more heinous misdeeds a little more palatable. A newcomer at the time, Blair auditioned in character and deliberately made Cecile, originally a victimised waif in the source material, a more comedic and sexually aggressive presence in the film, undermining the potentially ghoulish corruption Kathryn and Sebastian attempt to enact on her.
"When I wrote it, I was like a 31 year old Hollywood guy, and now I'm like a parent of three kids," Kumble jokes. "I don't think I would have written it the same – It's horrendous what Sebastian does! But even though what he does is horrible, he really only punishes the hypocrites. I think that also makes him somewhat redeemable in the end. And because we leaned into the comedy and not the drama, I think it made it more accessible to a wider audience. As opposed to just, 'This is horrifying, I'm gonna turn this off – It's too uncomfortable to watch."
'There's really nothing left for the characters to do but sing'
Katie Stevens and Constantine Rousouli as Kathryn and Sebastian in Cruel Intentions: The Musical Credit: Facebook/Cruel Intentions: The Musical
While Cruel Intentions has never entirely fallen out of pop culture relevance, its major resurfacing came courtesy of a jukebox musical launched in a tiny, 150-seat Los Angeles theatre in 2015. On the advice of a friend, writer Jordan Ross pledged to put together a project that would set him apart from the countless other struggling LA creatives eager for their big breaks, and re-imagined one of his favourite films as a heady combination of pop-song-heavy spectacle, breathless tribute and glorious nostalgia trip.
"There are really great moments in the movie that can be set to music," Ross remembers, "and because of how emotional it is, you do get to many points in the film where there's really nothing left for the characters to do but sing. It works as a musical in every way.
"And I think a lot of the reason it works so well on stage is because of the script. When I came up with the idea to do a musical, it was mostly because of a piece of advice somebody had given to me about trying to switch it up on my resume. And never in a million years did I know that it would become what it's become, and that's a testament I think to the film that was created 20 years ago."
Put in contact with writer and director Lindsey Rosin, herself a veteran of cult unauthorised musicals based on The OC and Friday Night Lights, the pair developed the show as an all-singing celebration of one of their favourite movies – a musical that replicates many of the film's most famous songs, but that also works like an aural time machine to a teenage girl's bedroom in 1997.
No Doubt, Backstreet Boys, Alanis Morissette and Natalie Imbruglia are just some of the Now That's What I Call Music relics that break up the dialogue.
'I had a mini panic attack just in the car'
Best girls night of the year!!! #cruelintentions
A post shared by Reese Witherspoon (@reesewitherspoon) on May 28, 2015 at 8:08pm PDT
Ross and Rosin also got approval from major Cruel Intentions players, too. Including one particularly memorable night where Gellar, Witherspoon and Blair were all in attendance.
"Even just saying it, it feels like it's hard to believe it really happened," Rosin remembers. "The way that it came to be was that Roger actually came the opening night and he brought Sarah Michelle Gellar as well as Sean Patrick Thomas, who plays Ronald in the movie, and a few other actors who played smaller roles. And Sarah liked the musical so much that she actually emailed to say that she wanted to come back and bring Reese and Selma. I remember I was driving my car on Coldwater Canyon and I pulled over because I saw this email come in and I was like, 'Wait what? Is this real?' So I had a mini panic attack just in the car, and we set up a date.
"I think it was so incredible for all the people in the theatre to experience that with Reese and Selma and Sarah, but they were having just as much fun as anybody, sort of reliving all the moments. They were singing along, and Reese started saying dialogue along with our actress who was playing Annette. And they were just having a blast. There was a picture that one of the photographers took of Sarah and Selma reenacting their kiss and that went viral, so it was just a crazy night."
'You want to see "master manipulator Kathryn", you don't want to see a Kathryn neutered by life'
#throwbackthursday (a bit early in Los Angeles) this picture was taken on the eve of production on the original #cruelintentions. Its me #rogerkumble (director) and #nealmoritz (exec producer) and the other is a picture of us now on the eve of production on the new #cruelintentions. That's right "everybody loves me, and I intend to keep it that way" #kathrynmerteuil is back!!! I am happy to say that I will be joining them (and @nbctv ) on the new #Crueltv
A post shared by Sarah Michelle (@sarahmgellar) on Feb 24, 2016 at 6:03pm PST
Less than a week later, while eating breakfast at an LA diner, the pair got to theorising as to what Kathryn Merteuil would be up to if she were around today. Their conversation rapidly spun into an entire concept for a sequel. In Ross and Rosin's scenario, Annette's night of passion with Sebastian resulted in a pregnancy, and now, 17 years later, an older and allegedly reformed Kathryn would attempt to exploit the young Valmont progeny as a means to break back into high society.
Recognising its potential as a TV series, the pair pitched the idea to Kumble, who jumped on board to co-write and direct, pitched an immediately game Gellar, then the rights holders at Sony Entertainment, and finally the US TV network NBC – who bought the pitch in the room.
Ryan Phillippe, Sarah Michelle Gellar and Sean Patrick Thomas in Cruel Intentions Credit: Columbia Pictures
"A lot of it started with Kathryn, and the idea of who she would be in her mid to late thirties," Ross recalls. "And that's a woman that I'd like to see, especially in the aftermath of movies like Gone Girl, where the main character is a strong, fierce independent woman who knows what she wants and knows how to get it, and who better to be that character than Kathryn Merteuil at 35? And that was where the conversation started.
"We knew that you want to see 'master manipulator Kathryn', you don't want to see a Kathryn who's been neutered by life," he continues. "She can play the Marcia f------ Brady. But Marcia f------ Brady's grown up a little bit, and knows how to play a little bit differently. She's sort of graduated to Carol f------ Brady.
"But a leopard can't really change its spots, right? We find her fighting a little bit, like 'I have to play it this way, when really what I want to do is play it that way.' And ultimately there's a satisfying ending where you're like, 'Oh, she's still very much the same person that we met in 1999.' She just hides it better."
'Entertainment Tonight grabbed a hold of our B-roll and did an exposé on us'
Reese Witherspoon and Sarah Michelle Gellar in Cruel Intentions Credit: Columbia Pictures
Disappointingly, despite strong reactions from test audiences and what Ross, Rosin and Kumble insist was a "phenomenal team" at NBC and Sony, Cruel Intentions wasn't picked up for a full series. While last-minute TV pilot rejection was a new experience for Ross and Rosin, Kumble had been there before. And with Cruel Intentions, in fact.
Back in 1999, Fox Television approached Kumble with the idea of developing a prequel series to the movie. This was to be called Manchester Prep, named after the elite private school the film's characters attend, and Kumble was given carte-blanche to replicate the provocation of its cinematic predecessor.
"I'd never done television before," Kumble remembers. "I quickly wrote the pilot, then we shot it and then it got picked up. And I was like, 'I don't know why people think this is so hard?'"
He was soon to realise just how quickly things tend to go south in television. Whether it was post-Columbine anxiety about the representation of potty-mouthed, sexually-adventurous teenagers on TV, or simply cold feet, the show's kinky plotting ruffled feathers amongst Fox bosses. When they got their hands on a rough cut of the show's third episode and watched as a teenage girl achieved orgasm while riding a horse, production was immediately shut down for an emergency retool. Then the media caught on.
"Entertainment Tonight grabbed a hold of our B-roll and did an exposé on us, before we aired, called Has TV Gone Too Far?" Kumble remembers. "From what I understood, Rupert Murdoch's wife or somebody like that saw the thing and we were off the network the next day. Before we ever aired."
Amy Adams, Robin Dunne, Keri Lynn Pratt and Sarah Thompson in Manchester Prep Credit: Fox Television
When Fox dumped the show, Kumble re-cut the three filmed episodes into a 90 minute movie, tossed in some gratuitous nudity and got it a straight-to-video release in 2000. It made money, but now is arguably best known for marking the first starring role given to a certain five-time Oscar nominee named Amy Adams, who did indeed start out in the industry complimenting her stepbrother's member while he showered.
"It was her first job out in Hollywood," Kumble says. "I'm sure she's not pleased about that, but she's always nice when I run into her."
Robin Dunne and Amy Adams as the small-screen Sebastian and Kathryn in Cruel Intentions 2 Credit: Fox Television
The eventual fate of the first Cruel Intentions 2 does leave Kumble with some hope that the NBC pilot will eventually see the light of day, at least if Sony decide to try and eke some money out of it. And while both Ross and Rosin were disappointed, they have nothing but gratitude for their time playing in the Cruel Intentions sandbox.
"It was a bummer that it didn't go, but getting to work with Sarah, getting to work with that fantastic cast of actors, we really did something special," Ross says. "I think we'll always have that, and I think that the title will continue to live on in other iterations. But in terms of the pilot that we got to make, the experience was everything I wanted it to be. It really was."
"It's like what Sebastian says in the movie: 'I'm sick of sleeping with these Manhattan debutantes, nothing shocks them any more'," Rosin tells me. "You hang out in TV long enough, and nothing shocks you anymore either."
'We've actually talked to producers in London'
Selma Blair and Sarah Michelle Gellar collect their Best Kiss trophies at the 2000 MTV Movie Awards Credit: Fred Prouser/Reuters
Following 38 sold-out performances in LA theatres during 2015 and 2016, and a sold-out Off Broadway run in 2017, Cruel Intentions: The Musical is currently on a tour of cities around the US. There are even hopes to bring it to the West End. "We've actually talked to producers in London," Rosin told me in 2017, speaking about his hopes for the show. "We're actively working on it, and it could be really fun."
As for Ross, his work on the project has been been particularly meaningful – the surreal result of a nearly life-long love for the era in which Cruel Intentions was spawned. During conversation he speaks of his love for late-Nineties teen classics such as She's All That and Can't Hardly Wait, and how it was Buffy that cemented his love for TV. He even once invited Gellar to his bar mitzvah. She didn't respond.
"When I was growing up, I can say pretty honestly that I found my love for character and story and writing through watching those films and television shows," he says. "Had anybody told me that the foundation of my career was going to be Cruel Intentions, I would not have believed them. I would have said, 'That's a dream.'"
Don՚t miss
Film industry faces squeeze as streaming giants expand
Why this year's Oscars will be like nothing we've seen before
Stanley Tucci on becoming a cult figure: 'It makes me really happy. I'm not going to pretend it doesn't'
One Night in Miami, review: when four black icons in the making put their heads together
Film latest
Comment: Hollywood enabled Donald Trump – erasing him would be the height of hypocrisy
Robbie Collin
'Were we doing what the FBI tried to do to King in the 1960s?': director Sam Pollard on MLK/FBI
Blithe Spirit, review: a more than medium-sized disaster
Was the FBI responsible for Martin Luther King's assassination?
WandaVision, Disney+ review: Superheroes in suburbia? What a Wanda-ful idea
In Stardust, Johnny Flynn is a tuneless insult to David Bowie's memory
Gemma Jones: 'Now I've had the vaccine I can dance on the table'
Comment: 'The best of times and the worse of times': for me, It's a Sin is all-too-real
Rev Richard Coles
The musicians and celebrities who stood by Donald Trump
Tom Cruise introduces 'intimidating' Covid-secure robots to patrol Mission: Impossible set
Armie Hammer pulls out of film after social media controversy
Ralph Fiennes's Sutton Hoo drama, The Dig, is a beautiful, heartfelt period tale
Bond delayed again? No Time to Die release may be postponed until autumn
Hollywood box office revenue plunges 80pc as coronavirus devastates US cinema
More woe for cinemas as Netflix plans record 70 movies this year
Let's get one thing straight – if an actor is good enough, their sexuality shouldn't matter


1. Heat the oil and fry the chicken and lardons for 8-10 minutes until golden and cooked throughout (with no pink meat on the chicken).
2. Meanwhile, cook the potatoes in boiling water for 10 minutes until tender, then drain.
3. Add the honey and vinegar to the chicken.Add the potatoes, toss into the salad and serve.
This recipe was first published in August 2012.


text:
Q: Integrating ConfuserEx in MsBuild I am trying to integrate ConfuserEx version 1.6 in MsBuild. It suppose to obfuscate the files automatically but it's not working for me. I have added Confuser.MsBuild v1.6 nuget package to the project.
Can somebody help me if I am missing any step.

A: After adding the Confuser.MsBuild nuget to your project the following lines should be added automatically to your *.csproj file:
<Target Name="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Use NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {0}.</ErrorText>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <Error Condition="!Exists('..\packages\Confuser.MSBuild.1.6.0\build\Confuser.MSBuild.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\packages\Confuser.MSBuild.1.6.0\build\Confuser.MSBuild.targets'))" />
</Target>
<Import Project="..\packages\Confuser.MSBuild.1.6.0\build\Confuser.MSBuild.targets" Condition="Exists('..\packages\Confuser.MSBuild.1.6.0\build\Confuser.MSBuild.targets')" />

Now you are able to include the obfuscation to the build process. This is also done in the *.csproj file with a minimal entry like:
<PropertyGroup>
  <Obfuscate>true</Obfuscate>
  <ConfuserReplaceOutput>true</ConfuserReplaceOutput>
</PropertyGroup>

Fore more and detailed information and options check out the ConfuserEx wiki.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In September 2015 fresh-out-of-school attorneys Brenna Erlbaum and Brian Heit took the dollar bill bait and subscribed to a reputation-killing job of doing errands for an international copyright shakedown cartel Guardaley / Lipscomb / Malibu Media. Heit and Erlbaum signed 313 complaints in California since then, 178 in the Northern District alone.
Although all the Malibu complaints and motions are obviously written in the Miami Troll Center, the kids have been super busy doing certain paralegal jobs: filing those documents, forwarding emails to and from defense counsel, and even traveling to San Francisco to play lawyers in Judge Alsup's courtroom.
Those who watch Malibu Media / X-Art cases surely noticed a pattern: after filing a lawsuit, the cartel waits exactly one month before moving for ex-parte discovery, which I can't explain: in general, the trolls delay proceedings whenever it is possible, which is understandable — when a FUD sword hangs over the defendant's head, a delay translates into increased probability of settlement. Yet I don't know what the trolls gain from delaying the initial discovery motions.
The batch of 15 lawsuits field on 12/27/2015 fell out of the pattern: apparently, the youngsters overlooked their usual motion date, being overwhelmed by sheer volume of filings (also, some defendants fought back, increasing the load).
Plaintiff commenced this action on December 27, 2015. Pursuant to Rule 4(m), the deadline to effectuate service was March 28, 2016. Plaintiff filed its motion for leave to file a subpoena on defendant's Internet service provider on March 28, meaning it would be impossible to serve the defendant before the Rule 4(m) deadline. Plaintiff offered no explanation for its delay in bringing this motion.
Plaintiff knew the Rule 4(m) deadline from the outset of the case. (Plainly, its decision to file this motion at the deadline was no accident.) Plaintiff will not be allowed to automatically extend the deadline to effectuate service indefinitely by seeking leave to serve a third party subpoena at the last possible minute. Counsel should have acted promptly and diligently, and going forward, plaintiff must seek leave to serve such subpoenas within the first thirty days after a case is filed.
The one month delay is puzzling. It is late and after a long day but the only reason I can think of is that local counsel is contractually bound to file a certain number of cases a month. Newer locals might get shittier deals requiring them to file than older locals and they soon get overwhelmed?
If the troll moved for discovery immediately, it would have plenty of time to subpoena the ISP, get the info, and serve the defendant within 120 (now 90) days. So, judges would be reluctant to extend time. A month-long delay creates a manufactured "good cause" for the extension, which is often more than 30 days: see, we didn't have enough time to serve the defendant as his ISP responded only a week before the deadline!
True enough. I still think this industry is just filing more cases the they can compently handle so they invent brakes to avoid overload with the added bonus of your explanation.
As we are both well aware DELAY is the copyright troll's largest weapon in its arsenal.
Well, wouldn't that be the case with the first filing already?
I misunderstood you message the first time I read it. When I read it again and understood what you were saying I LMAO.
I said before I was of the opinion that the trolls antics were starting wear on Judge Alsup nerves, and thus not heeding the Judges wisdom they have pooched themselves and got fifteen cases dismissed and the rest of the cases under Alsup under the microscope.
It will be interesting to see how other Judges in CA see how Judge Alsup stance with the trolls resonates with the other Malibu cases in CA. Looks like CA could once again become toxic for Malibu once again.
15 down, 163 to go.
There must be some specific reason for the 30 day delay.
It's consistent enough that it must come from a playbook.
Remember, the lawyers involved don't have to smart or innovative. They just need to have learned the trick somewhere.
Much like a criminals get a quick education in jail — "steal just a few checks from the back, not the whole checkbook, so they don't shut down the account" — immoral lawyers remember tricks that would be useless to the rest of the population.
I figured it out last night. I will apply it to my cases and see what happens. Stay tuned. Thank you for this website.


text:
Regional Rail Trains Running Again in Center City After Trash Fire Under Suburban Station Platform
By Dan Stamm
Published Jul 5, 2019 at 6:43 AM | Updated at 11:41 AM EDT on Jul 5, 2019
Receive the latest transit updates in your inbox
Underground Fire Slows SEPTA Trains
//www.nbcphiladelphia.com/traffic/transit/Suburban-Station-Fire-Slows-SEPTA-Trains_Philadelphia-512259832.html
A fire in SEPTA's Suburban Station halted Regional Rail service for part of the Friday morning commute.
(Published Friday, July 5, 2019)
An underground platform fire halted SEPTA Regional Rail service during the Friday morning commute.
It took firefighters about 30 minutes to get the Suburban Station blaze under control
Service resumed around 7 a.m. with residual delays.
SEPTA suspended all Center City Regional Rail service for almost an hour during the Friday morning rush due to a trash fire under a train platform.
The underground blaze at Suburban Station occurred just after 6 a.m., SEPTA said.
Firefighters working on the tracks after a fire broke out in Philadelphia's Suburban Station Friday, July 5. See Larger
Photo credit: Phila. 2nd Alarmers Association
SEPTA stopped all service between Jefferson and 30th Street stations around 6:30.
"Expect delays until further notice," the agency said.
Fisherman Finds Part of Human Leg in Delaware River
The fire was under control by 6:40 a.m., the Philadelphia Fire Department said.
There were no reports of injuries.
SEPTA resumed all service with some residual delays just before 7 a.m.
During the stoppage, SEPTA urged passengers to board the Market-Frankford Line at 30th Street or 11th and Market to access Center City at the 15th Street Stop.
This story is developing and will be updated.