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Commonwealth Bronze for Alan Hatherly
April 12, 2018 /in Team Spur /by Tim Bassingthwaighte
Team Spur's Alan Hatherly won Bronze in the Men's Cross-country mountain bike race for Team South Africa at the Commonwealth Games in Australia earlier today, Thursday 12 April. Hatherly finished third in a time of 1:17:56 behind the New Zealand duo of Sam Gaze (1:17:36) and Anton Cooper (1:17:36).
The result took Team South Africa's medal count at the games to 28 and comes just two months after Hatherly fractured both wrists in a high speed crash at the three-day Tankwa Trek stage race. After a flying start with Gaze powering to the front, and only Hatherly and fellow Kiwis Cooper and Ben Oliver able to keep pace, the field was blown to pieces and the stage set for an exhilarating battle for the medals. By the end of Lap 3, Hatherly, Gaze and Cooper had burnt off Oliver who dangled in no-mans land for the remainder of the race to come home in fourth.
No stranger to the intense energy of an international games environment, having represented South Africa at the 2016 Rio Olympics, Hatherly knew he'd have his hands full containing two of the world's fastest Elite mountain bikers. Cooper (in 2015) and Gaze (in 2017) are both past U23 World Champions and were also Gold and Silver at the last Commonwealth Games in Glasgow in 2014, with Cooper having the edge on Gaze in a two-up sprint.
According to Hatherly it was super tactical right from the start gun, especially with the three Kiwis in the mix. "I'm really happy with the result, considering eight weeks ago I suffered a broken radius and cracked wrist," Hatherly commented after the race. "It went smoothly and I am happy to be on the podium."
"I think it was around Lap 3 where I decided to put one big lap in to try split us up a bit more," he said. It proved to be a decisive move and with two laps to go it was a three-horse race. "That left Sam, Anton and I to eye-ball each other throughout the rest of the race."
"I felt really good out there," he added, explaining that the wrists which had their first race run at the second round of the South African XCO Cup less-then two weeks ago, held up well to the demands of world-class racing.
The three riders jostled for position throughout the remainder of the race and it wasn't until the final lap where the racing exploded.
"Sam had a rear-wheel puncture and was forced to stop to re-inflate it. Anton took off immediately and it became one hot lap to finish it all off." said Alan. Gaze, who now sat in third, was quick to hop back on the bike as he hunted down the leaders. As they made their way up the penultimate rocky climb, Alan showed his class as he made way for a charging Gaze. Alan sat in third and continued to chase, but started feeling the effects of such intense efforts. "I started to feel the arms a bit at the end but it is expected after such a tough race. I am very happy to bring it home in third for South Africa."
Commonwealth Games 2018: Alan Hatherly breaks it down
Tomorrow morning at 5.30am South African time Alan Hatherly toes the line at his inaugural Commonwealth Games. For the 22-year-old national champion it is a chance to pit himself against a tough international field. So just who and what is Alan up against?
Unlike the UCI XCO World Cup circuit, the Commonwealth Games has no age group categories, so despite being U23, Alan will be lining up with Elite riders. Among them are a few dangerous riders Alan will need to keep a close eye on. "There is the New Zealand Team of Sam Gaze, Anton Cooper and Ben Oliver," Alan says. "We also have the Australian Dan McConnell who's on home soil so he'll be firing, no doubt. I reckon it will be the five of us who'll be mixing it up at the front out there."
The race will feature the most exciting young talent in mountain biking right now, with both Gaze (2017) and Cooper (2015) past U23 World Champions. Gaze narrowly beat Hatherly to win last year's U23 world title on Australian soil, and Cooper beat Gaze to Commonwealth glory four years ago. But few can argue that it is Gaze who is in the ascendency right now, the powerfully-built Kiwi won the first round of the World Cup in Stellenbosch, beating out the Swiss maestro, Olympic and 2017 Elite World Champion Nino Schurter. Cooper placed sixth. In the U23 race in South Africa Oliver placed second, but Hatherly was forced to sit out with a wrist injury. Don't discount the veteran Aussie, McConnell, who was third in the Glasgow Commonwealth Games in 2014 and has years of top-level World Cup racing experience to draw on.
With a course that doesn't offer too much technically, opportunities to create gaps will come down to raw power and tactics. "It's definitely a big boy course," Alan says. "So watts will be flying and it will be interesting to see how it plays out. I think the race will split up pretty quickly: by the end of lap two the race should be decided in terms of who'll be staying and who is unable to hold the pace."
The first opportunity to see the race track in Nerang State Forest was last week Friday. Alan inspected it closely with Team Spur and Team South Africa mechanic, JP Jacobs. "It allowed us to make sure all my lines were dialed and I had the fastest route planned before I hit the track on Saturday." says Alan. "The course has quite a few open sections, but when it gets rocky it gets quite gnarly and it can be easy to puncture or mess up your bike."
"The track is faster than a typical UCI XCO World Cup track, with an average speed of around 21km/h, it's definitely one of the faster tracks I've been on. The 4,5km lap offers only around 100m of climbing, which is split over two climbs, so it's not as punchy as an XCO course. It's more of a continuous effort with a lot of pedaling, which I'd say suits me a bit more at this time of the year. It's quite similar to the World Champs course in Cairns [Australia] last year," reflects Alan.
Team Spur mechanic JP Jacobs and Alan have worked together closely for just over a year now, and their connection and understanding helps to keep everything running smoothly. "JP knows how I like my bike setup, and what tweaks or changes I tend go for on a course like this," explains Hatherly. "He is one of the best mechanics out there, so as far as fine tuning the bike, I definitely have the advantage of having the bike as fast as possible, that just leaves it up to me now to pull it off."
JP has firmed the suspension on Alan's Specialized S-Works Epic to help Alan over the flat, fast sections as well as allow him to pedal over the rougher sections. "As the rough sections are on the flat, you have to pedal over them all, where normally these kinds of sections are on descents, and softer suspension would give you the cushion you need." Otherwise, it's Alan's normal set-up of Specialized Renegade tyres, SRAM Eagle 12-speed drivetrain, Rotor 36T chainring, full CeramicSpeed bearings and Magura brakes.
To catch all the action on Thursday morning 12 April, tune into SuperSport to watch the race live at 05:30 South African time.
Commonwealth Games 2018: Under a week till take-off for Alan Hatherly
April 6, 2018 /in Team Spur /by Tim Bassingthwaighte
Seven weeks ago young cycling prodigy Alan Hatherly had a mountain to climb. And it wasn't one of the many scheduled training efforts his coach had prescribed. He was sitting in the dirt on the side of the trail somewhere outside Ceres, staring at two painfully crooked wrists. A victim of a high-speed crash in the three-day Tankwa Trek mountain bike stage race.
Through the cloud of pain and adrenaline the reigning South African Champion could think only of how he might just have forfeited two of the most highly-anticipated races in his 2018 calendar – the UCI XCO World Cup season opener in Stellenbosch on 10 March and next week's Commonwealth Games spectacle, held at Nerang State Forest on the Gold Coast, Australia.
Not one to wallow in self-pity Alan and his professional mountain bike outfit Team Spur rallied a crack support team around him – his coach John Wakefield and leading local sports physician Jeroen Swart. A broken left wrist and fractured right wrist were operated on the same day as his crash and while Alan lay recovering on his hospital bed his coach busied himself with a rehab route back to full strength.
Within a handful of days, Alan was on his indoor trainer and soon after returned to his gym routine, with some minor tweaks to accommodate having both wrists in casts.
Sadly, the UCI XCO World Cup came too quickly, and with his wrists not quite ready Alan was forced to watch his international rivals rip through the challenging Coetzenberg track – enjoying a mountain bike party in his own back yard without him.
Today it's a very different story. With less than a week to the Commonwealth Games XCO event on Thursday, 12 April, Alan is fully fit and excited to get back to the start line on Australia's Gold Coast. A win on local soil at the second round of the South African XCO Cup a week ago, is all the race preparation he needed to know the wrists can handle the demands of world-class competition and he would be able to race at full throttle in South African colours.
"It was only the last 10 minutes of the [SA XCO Cup] race where my wrists started to stiffen up, and that was a week ago, so by the 12th I would say I'll be completely back to full speed," says Alan. "With the Commonwealth Games being the main focus, I entered the SA XCO Cup slightly fatigued from an intense training block, but I am happy with my performance ahead of the big one."
"With all efforts focused on a one-day event, the final build-up and tapering is vital. I need to tie everything together so I can peak on a specific day and be as fast as possible," says Alan.
Alan is no stranger to the intense energy of an international games environment, having represented South Africa at the Rio Olympic Games in 2016. But his first Commonwealth Games village was still a shock to the system. "With around 6,500 athletes and staff, there is a lot going on. One big bonus is the coffee machine in each apartment block. It makes adapting to the eight-hour time zone change more manageable," laughs Alan. Still, staying healthy, sleeping well and allowing for ample recovery is still a puzzle that requires careful planning. Luckily he has a very familiar face to help make sense of the organised chaos – Team Spur's mechanic, JP Jacobs was selected alongside Alan to represent South African as the Mountain Bike and Road Mechanic.
"Having been here for a few days only, I'm still trying to sleep through to 8am. We'll then head out to breakfast. Then it's training time, before coming back to the village for lunch and to relax for the rest of the day. We're fortunate to have physiotherapists here, so I'm able to get a massage and focus on recovery," Alan says.
Today [Friday, 6 April] marks the opening of the Games XCO track and Alan is excited to see what it has to offer: "JP and I will do a course walk and then it'll be open for some efforts over the weekend. Once we've seen the track we'll start the bike tweaking process and JP will work his magic to make the bike as fast as possible."


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Chris Wilder has confirmed Sheffield United's interest in Marvin Johnson… but Millwall's Lee Gregory is not a Blades target.
The United boss, speaking ahead of his side's trip to Bolton on Saturday, admitted he has 'made an enquiry' about Boro winger Johnson.
But Boro, who were thwarted in their pursuit of Yannick Bolasie this week, must bring players in before Tony Pulis, the Riverside boss, considers letting them leave.
"It seems everybody knows about Marvin Johnson, so it's no good me trying to hide away from it," Wilder said.
"Yes, we have made an enquiry about Marvin. We have been speaking to Middlesbrough, like a couple of clubs have asked about a couple of our players who have not been playing.
There is an interest from us on that. We have to wait for other clubs to do business to allow us pursue what we want to do.
We have spoke to Middlesbrough, there's been a couple of other enquiries from other clubs, and we understand that. Talks are ongoing.
With United targeting a striker before next week's deadline for EFL loan transfers, former Blades youngster Gregory was also mooted as a target – especially with Millwall on the verge of confirming the signing of Barnsley's Tom Bradshaw.
But Wilder, who confirmed any incoming striker would be on loan rather than a permanent deal. said: "Lee has not been on our radar, he's a really good player and a connection with Sheffield United.


Please - I travel constantly and was upset at myself because I *didn't* have a Bills logo on my backpack. Solved that one though! 😂 And I can't count the drinking buddies made, free drinks received, upgrades confirmed, and random strangers yelled at over the years! Contrary to popular belief, it's always been my experience that people love Bills fans. When Buffalo finally wins a Super Bowl, I feel like the entire NFL fanbase will be happy!!
This just occurred to me....no Panthers free agents to us?
Buddy asleep at the wheel!!
Are the Browns now the Favorites to win the AFC North?
So perfect! 😂🙌🏼 You really do have to wonder sometimes, don't ya?
🤣 Dear NFL Talking Heads, This Just In: Not all NFL players are the same!


On Tuesday, February 19, Professor Reuven Hazan spoke to a group of 44 people at Southern Methodist University (SMU) during his visit to AFHU's Dallas region. The audience was a mix of students in the Jewish Studies program, SMU faculty from disciplines including political science, law, economics and the humanities, HU Alumni, AFHU Advisory Committee Members, and members of the community. Professor Hazan engaged the audience during his discussion of Israeli Democracy, how it differs from the United States and other countries, and the upcoming Israeli elections.


LAS VEGAS -- They say a picture is worth a thousand words but one particular image caught at UFC 200 tells an entire saga without uttering a single syllable.
Jose Aldo faced Frankie Edgar in one of the biggest bouts on Saturday night as they battled for an interim featherweight title. In the end, Aldo came away with the decision and he went home with a title around his waist.
But just a few feet away from the Octagon where Aldo and Edgar were slugging it out stood the real featherweight champion, Conor McGregor, and he was watching their every move with an intensity that can only be described as chilling.
The picture captured by UFC staff photographer Josh Hedges shows McGregor glaring into the Octagon while Aldo and Edgar duked it out over five rounds.
It was almost like McGregor was there in the shadows as a subtle reminder to both men that he is eventually coming back to the featherweight division and he will reclaim his throne.
McGregor won the title with a shocking 13 second knockout over Aldo last December and now it appears when he returns to featherweight, that's the same exact matchup waiting there to greet him.
"(McGregor) made it very clear he'll return to featherweight to defend his belt and fight that person," UFC president Dana White said during the UFC 200 post-fight show on FS1 Saturday night.
"He'll fight Jose after his next fight against (Nate) Diaz."
McGregor faces Diaz in the main event at UFC 202 on Aug. 20 in Las Vegas before he'll turn his attention back to Aldo for their rematch later this year.


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Q: Obtaining user access token in Facebook C# SDK (v6) How to obtain an access token from the user using Facebook C# SDK (v6). How to use the FacebookOAuth class and what are the available properties and functions for this class. Also, after authentication, how to access basic profile information like profile picture, about me etc.

A: Here an updated article using v6. http://blog.prabir.me/post/Facebook-CSharp-SDK-Writing-your-First-Facebook-Application-v6.aspx

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Friends join us Wednesday April 30th as we bring you one of our best shows of the year! We are very excited to welcome Northwest comedy legend, Kermet Apio!
We also welcome several of the best comedians from around the city including Patrick Higgins, Kelsey Cook, Paul Barach and Danielle Gregoire!


Alaina Percival, CEO of Women Who Code, helps women succeed in tech careers.
Four years ago, Alaina Percival didn't know how to code. Now, the self-taught coder leads a San Francisco–based nonprofit helping more than 50,000 women excel in technology careers.
Women Who Code helps women across 60 cities and 20 countries advance their technology careers. But much work remains. In 2015, only 30 percent of Google's 56,000 employees were women, according to the tech giant. And in 2014, Twitter revealed that only 10 percent of its technical workforce was female.
To learn more about Women Who Code, BizTech Managing Editor Chris Sapardanis spoke with Percival about the challenges women face in pursuing technology careers and what her organization offers.
BIZTECH: What's the biggest challenge women face in technology?
Percival: There is definitely a lack of role models. There is already a small percentage, or an under-representative amount of women as individual contributors, but then it's even lower in leadership roles. That's one of the things we are really working to change.
We surface more role models. We help women become more comfortable talking about their career successes, and encourage them to engage in the tech community. We have a weekly publication called the Code Review that is dedicated to highlighting the successes of women in technology and encouraging women to engage in the tech community.
We also gave away more than $227,000 in conference tickets and more than $249,000 in scholarships for educational experiences last year. We really work to raise their profile and get women to participate in the tech community, both as leaders and in their own networks.
BIZTECH: How does Women Who Code help its members?
Percival: Last year, we hosted or produced 1,500 free technical events for women. Most of these are study groups. We also have speaking events and hack nights. The programs vary, but they maintain a technology focus. Then we weave in aspects of leadership and career development.
Another thing we emphasize is giving talks. A regular study group might be anywhere from 20 to 35 people. So it's not very intimidating to give your first tech talk there. It may be a five-minute lightning talk at the beginning of one of our events on the same subject matter. That gives you the opportunity to give a talk, and then maybe your next talk will be at your company or at a conference. It helps you take that next step.
BIZTECH: How does Women Who Code develop leaders?
Percival: Leadership is a huge focus for us. We have more than 100 leaders in the organization. It's a volunteer position, but a very prestigious role. What that means is in Mexico City, Atlanta or San Francisco, for example, we have directors who decide on programming for that city. These women very quickly become leaders in the tech industry in general. They are called into companies as thought leaders, they experience career acceleration, and they are asked to speak at conferences.
There is usually between one and four directors in each city, and these are contracted volunteers who go through a training process. It generally takes us three to six months to launch a new network. But it doesn't mean that we have just one event in that city. It means that we are there on the ground, having regularly occurring events. The goal is to have one event per month at a minimum. Some of our more active networks have several events per week.
We're biggest in the Bay Area, New York, Washington, D.C., and London. But we recently launched in Berlin, and that's growing quickly. Then we're in several cities in Mexico, and those networks are picking up speed.
While many women gravitate toward large companies for tech jobs, Alaina Percival, CEO of Women Who Code, says there's still a large number who are interested in working for small to midsized companies.
Consider the network: Post more jobs on networks and forums geared toward diverse audiences, such as Women Who Code's online community.
Invite more guests: Allow for "plus-ones" so an invited woman can bring a friend or colleague to tech events, which are mostly attended by men.
Offer benefits: Invest in additional job benefits more attractive to women, such as flexible hours and paternity and maternity leave.
Mind the questions: Ask candidates gender-neutral questions. Avoid non-job related scenario questions that may not resonate with everyone.


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\section{Experimental setup}
\begin{figure*}[t!]
 	\centering
 	\includegraphics[width=1.6\columnwidth]{Figures/Fig7_v1_compressed.pdf}
 	\caption{\textbf{Experimental setup details.} Black and orange lines represent optical fiber and electrical connections respectively. Empty ports of fiber beamsplitters (P1, P2, P3) were used for efficiency calibrations, such as measuring the fiber coupling or transmission through the fabry-perot cavity. EOM: electro-optic modulator. 635~nm CW: 635~nm continuous-wave laser. BS: beamsplitter. TC: temperature controller. FP: Fabry Perot cavity. BP: bandpass filter. PC: polarization controller. PM: polarimeter. SNSPD: superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. DG: delay generator. CH0/CH1: time tagger channels. $\Delta\tau$ = 25~ns delay line.}
 	\label{fig:network}
\end{figure*}
The sample is mounted in a cryostat (Montana Instruments Cryostation s200) and cooled down to 3.4~K.  A lensed fiber (OZ Optics TSMJ-X-1550-9/125-0.25-7-2.5-14-2) used for photon collection through the waveguide is mounted on a 3-axis nanopositioner (Attocube ANPx101/LT and ANPz102/LT) used for fiber alignment. Photons are detected by a pair of SNSPDs (Quantum Opus QO-NPD-1200-1600), each with 60\% detection efficiency at optimal polarization.

We calibrate our fiber coupling efficiency by injecting laser light into port P2 (Fig.~\ref{fig:network}) and measuring the reflected power after the first beamsplitter. We calculate the waveguide-fiber coupling efficiency $\eta_\mathrm{fc}$ from
$$P_\mathrm{out} = \left(\eta_\mathrm{fc}^2 RT\right) P_\mathrm{in}$$
where $R$ and $T$ are the measured reflection and transmission coefficiencts of the beamsplitter. We measure $\eta_\mathrm{fc} \approx 0.5$ for TE-polarized light. The photonic crystal end mirror is reflective for TE polarization, and maximizing the reflected power allows us to selectively excite TE-polarized light.

The excitation laser beam is sent through the top vacuum window of the cryostat and focused by a microscope objective (Mitutoyo LCD Plan Apo NIR 50, NA=0.42) mounted on a 3-axis translation stage (Sutter Instrument MP-285) used for raster scanning. Measurements in Fig.~\ref{fig1}(c), Fig.~\ref{fig2}(b,c), and Fig.~\ref{fig3}(b,d,e) are performed with continuous wave 635~nm excitation (Thorlabs S1FC635), whereas measurements in Fig.~\ref{fig2}(d), Fig.~\ref{fig3}(c), and Fig.~\ref{fig4}(b) are performed with 705-715~nm pulsed Ti:sapphire laser (Coherent Chameleon Ultra II). The pulsed laser has a pulse duration of \SI{140}{fs} and repetition rate of 80 MHz. To perform experiments at \SI{40}{MHz}, the laser was downsampled using an electro-optic modulator to suppress every other pulse. We observed finite pulse suppression, with 8.0 dB extinction of suppressed pulses, resulting in weak but observable contributions in our measurements at odd multiples of the repetition period (Fig.~\ref{fig3}(c), Fig.~\ref{fig4}(b)).

We tuned the photon indistinguishability in the HOM experiment by aligning the relative polarization of the two arms of the MZI interferometer to be parallel and perpendicular. To achieve this, we artificially broadened a tunable O-band laser (Santec TSL-570) to eliminate interference effects while aligning the polarization. When we inject a broadband light source into the MZI interferometer in Fig.~\ref{fig4}, if the two arms have orthogonal polarizations, the output orthogonal polarization is completely unpolarized. If the polarizations are parallel the output state is completely polarized. Therefore, we measure the degree of polarization (DOP) and tune it to be either 0\% or 100\% using a fiber polarization controller in one arm of the interferometer. We use a polarimeter (ThorLabs PAX1000IR2) to measure the DOP of MZI output with broadband light. We achieved DOPs within 5\% of 0\% and 100\%, where the DOP drifted slowly due to polarization drifts from thermal fluctuations.

\section{Device fabrication and design}
\label{SI:fab}

The sample was prepared from a 1~cm $\times$ 1~cm chip diced from a \SI{200}{mm}, high-resistivity (Float-zone, $\geq$\SI{3000}{\ohm cm}), \SI{220}{nm} SOI wafer prepared using the SmartCut method. The fabrication process is summarized in Fig.~\ref{figS1:fab}.
The backside of the chip was partially diced to enable cleaving of the chip at desired locations to expose the waveguide facet for fiber coupling. Carbon implantation and high temperature annealing were carried out before any lithography steps. An etch mask for photonic structures was defined through electron beam lithography on HSQ resist. The mask was developed using a NaOH/NaCl developer chemistry. The 220~nm device layer was etched in a $\mathrm{Cl_2 / HBr}$ chemistry. Finally, approximately $\SI{3}{\um}$ of silicon oxide cladding was deposited on the surface of the chip through PECVD. The resulting waveguides have the cross section shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:taper}.

We used Finite Element Method (FEM) and Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) solvers to design a Bragg reflector for the fundamental TE mode based on a photonic crystal with lattice constant of 370~nm and ellipsoid holes with the principle axes of \{170, 200\}~nm. This design yields near-unity reflection for TE polarization over a 150~nm band centered at 1330~nm. The center of the band was biased towards wavelengths longer than the G center ZPL to include the phonon sideband. The waveguide width of 300~nm was optimized to achieve the maximum electric field intensity at the center of the waveguide, and therefore the coupling strength to the emitter.  The waveguide width was tapered down to 130~nm over $\SI{50}{\um}$ for maximum coupling to a $\SI{2.5}{\um}$ lensed fiber (Fig.~\ref{fig:taper}). The waveguide is fabricated along the $\langle 100 \rangle$ crystal axis.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Figures/Fig5_v1.png}
    \caption{\textbf{Device fabrication process}. All photonics fabrication is done post-implantation. After oxide deposition, the waveguide facets are defined by cleaving the chip.}
    \label{figS1:fab}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Figures/Fig6_v1_compressed.png}
    \caption{Adiabatic mode coupler. The waveguide width is tapered to mode match with the lensed fiber, which has a mode field diameter (MFD) of \SI{2.5}{\mu m}. The adiabatic tapering region is \SI{50}{\mu m} long to have high efficiency. The emitter shown in the manuscript is in the \SI{300}{nm} wide region to achieve stronger coupling to the waveguide. }
    \label{fig:taper}
\end{figure}
\section{Carbon diffusion in silicon}

We used Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) simulations to estimate the depth distribution of carbon atoms in the silicon device layer after ion implantation at 36 keV and $7^\circ$ tilt. The SRIM simulations gave a mean depth of 112~nm and a longitudinal straggle of 41~nm. We used finite difference method to estimate the carbon distribution after annealing. We used a diffusion coefficient of carbon in silicon $D = 0.33~ e^{-2.92eV/kT}\textrm{cm}^2/\textrm{s}$ from Ref. \cite{Newman1961}. Our simulation results in Fig.~\ref{fig:diffusion} show that after our \SI{1000}{\degreeCelsius} thermal anneal for 20 s, the carbons are uniformly distributed inside the 220~nm device layer. These results indicate that choosing an annealing temperature of \SI{900}{\degreeCelsius} should maintain emitter localization near the center of the waveguide where the mode intensity is maximum. Further SIMS measurements are needed to develop an improved understanding of carbon diffusion and G center formation. These simulations suggest that the G center in our experiment could be positioned at any depth inside the waveguide.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Figures/CarbonDiffusion.pdf}
    \caption{ Simulation of carbon distribution in silicon after implantation and rapid thermal annealing. In our experiments, we used a \SI{1000}{\degreeCelsius} thermal anneal for 20 s.
    Simulations based on diffusion coefficients in the literature suggest a near-uniform depth distribution of carbon inside the silicon waveguide.}
    \label{fig:diffusion}
\end{figure}

\section{First-principles modeling of G centers}
\label{firstprinciples}

We performed first-principles calculations using Vienna \textit{ab-initio} simulation package (VASP)~ \cite{G.Kresse-CMS96, G.Kresse-PRB96} with the projector augmented-wave method (PAW)~\cite{Blochl1994}.
All calculations were spin-polarized with a plane wave cutoff energy of 400~eV. The Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) \cite{Heyd2003} functional with 25\% exact exchange was used to provide an improved description of the electronic structures to the semilocal functionals. The G center was positioned in a 512-atom supercell and a $\Gamma$-only k-point sampling.
The supercell was optimized at a fixed volume until the forces on the ions were smaller than 0.01 eV/\AA. The single-particle Kohn-Sham levels of the G center at its 1$A'$ ground state are shown in Fig.~ \ref{figS3:dft}.

We used the so-called configuration B of the G center as multiple reports indicate that it is the configuration in best agreement with experimental data \cite{Ivanov2022, Gali2021, Song1990.PRB}. We found that in its ground state, the defect with symmetry C$\rm_{1h}$ introduces two highly localized defect levels where the $a''$ lying below the valence band maximum and the $a'$ within the band gap, 1 eV above the valence band. This single-particle picture agrees with other hybrid computations when taking into account slight differences in methodology and supercell size \cite{Ivanov2022, Gali2021, Wang2014.JAP}. It disagrees quantitatively with G$_0$W$_0$ which places the unoccupied state significantly lower in energy \cite{Timerkaeva2018.JAP}. We tentatively attribute this disagreement to the sensitivity of G$_0$W$_0$ to its starting wavefunctions obtained in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA).

We use constrained-HSE to simulate the 1$A''$ excited state of the G center as shown in Fig.~\ref{figS3:dft}. We have performed the excitation by emptying the localized $a'$ defect state below the valence band and occupying the $a''$ state. We noted that the resulting single-particle hole state $a''$ in the excited state moved slightly above the valence band edge, similar to negatively charged splitting vacancy in the diamond \cite{Gali2013,Gali-PRL2008}. The ZPL can be obtained from the energy difference between the total energy of the excited and the ground states. This methodology has been shown to give ZPLs within 100 meV from experiment for defects in diamond \cite{S.Li-naturecomm2022,Gali-PRL2008}. Our computed ZPL energy of the intra-defect transition is 1000 meV, which is in reasonable agreement with the experimental measurement of 968 meV in Fig.~\ref{fig2}.
The ground state single-particle diagram (Fig.~\ref{figS3:dft}) suggests that an alternative excitation mechanism to an intra-defect transition would be to excite an electron from the valence band to the localized $a''$ defect state forming a bound exciton defect. Bound exciton defects have been suggested in the T center in silicon \cite{Bergeron2020,Dhaliah2022}. The computed ZPL for these valence band excitations are from 937 to 958 meV. These excitations show a much lower calculated transition dipole moment (0.65 to 0.83 D) than the intra-defect transition (2.4 to 3.3 D) due to the very different nature of the states (delocalized to localized). Accordingly, the computed radiative lifetime of the intra-defect transition is 0.15 to 0.3 $\mu$s, which is an order of magnitude smaller than that of the valence band excitations (3.59 to 3.69 $\mu$s). The intra-defect transition results in a much smaller radiative time in better agreement with the clear and bright PL of the G center. Our analysis suggests therefore that localized defect states from $a'$ to $a''$ are responsible for the PL of the G center. We note that emission from defect bound excitonic-like recombination to valence band states could be present in the PL spectra but not observable due to the phonon sideband and their much weaker signal. Additionally, our computations indicate that the transition dipole moment is aligned along the $\langle 110 \rangle$ direction.
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Figures/Fig_theory_merged_v1.png}
 	\caption{Optical transitions in G centers from first principles.
 	(a) Radiative transitions of the G center from the 1$A'$ ground state. 1$A'\leftrightarrow$ 1$A''$ are between localized defect levels.
 	(b) The single-particle levels of the G center in its 1$A'$ ground state. The localized defect states ($a'$, $a''$) are shown in red, and the host valence band (VB) states are shown in blue.  	The localized orbitals $a'$ and $a''$ are shown as insets with an isocontour value of 0.0005 $a^{–3}$. The host valence band orbitals show delocalized character with an isocontour value of 0.0001 $a^{–3}$.
 	(c) The 1$A''$ excited state is obtained by constraining the occupation of the unoccupied orbitals that creates the $a'$ hole state and populates the $a''$ state in the gap. (d) Radiative transition from a valence band state. The single-particle levels of G center where the radiative recombination is through the localized in gap-defect state $a''$ and the delocalized host state (blue).}
    \label{figS3:dft}
\end{figure}

\section{Efficiency analysis}

We define the system efficiency $\eta =0.4(1)\times10^{-3}$ as the probability of detecting a ZPL photon per excitation:
\begin{equation}
    \eta = \eta_{\text{\tiny QE}} \eta_\mathrm{wg} \eta_\mathrm{filter}^{\mathrm{BP}} \eta_\mathrm{network}
\end{equation}
where $\eta_{\text{\tiny QE}}$ is the quantum efficiency, $\eta_\mathrm{wg}$ is the probability of an excited G center emitting a photon into the waveguide mode, $\eta_\mathrm{filter}^{\mathrm{BP}}$ is the efficiency of our spectral filtering setup, and  $\eta_\mathrm{network}$ is the efficiency of our fiber network and detectors. We did not use the Fabry-Perot cavity during calibration measurements to reduce calibration uncertainties originating from the emitter linewidth.
We assume that the emitter is excited with unit efficiency with each laser pulse.

We estimate the quantum efficiency using

\begin{equation}
    \eta_{\text{\tiny QE}}=\frac{\eta} { \eta_\mathrm{wg} \eta_\mathrm{filter}^{\mathrm{BP}} \eta_\mathrm{network}}
\end{equation}
We simulate $\eta_\mathrm{wg}\leq0.8$, where the inequality is due to the uncertainty of the position of the emitter position. The filtering efficiency $\eta_\mathrm{filtering}\approx0.14$  is a product of the ZPL branching ratio (0.18) and bandpass filter transmission (0.8). We measure the efficiency of the remaining components in our setup to be $\eta_\mathrm{network}\approx0.2$, originating from a combination of losses in lensed fiber coupling efficiency (0.5), finite detector efficiency (0.6), and the remaining optical components in the fiber network.

From these calibrations, we can bound the quantum efficiency of the G center as $\eta_\text{\tiny QE}>0.02$, where the inequality is due to the uncertainty in the emitter position. We can put a corresponding upper bound on the radiative lifetime ($\tau_r=\gamma_r^{-1}<260$~ns) using:
$$\eta_{\text{\tiny QE}} = \frac{\gamma_r}{\gamma_{nr} + \gamma_r} $$
where $\gamma_r$ and $\gamma_{nr}$ are the radiative and nonradiative decay rates, $\Gamma_G=\gamma_r+\gamma_{nr}=(4.6\textrm{ns})^{-1}$. We note that previous experiments \cite{Redjem2020telecom} found a tighter upper bound of $\tau_r<74$~ns. The estimated lifetime from our first principles calculations is between 150 and 300~ns.

\section{Time-resolved two-photon interference}
Our experimental two-photon interference results in Fig.~\ref{fig4} show that the successive photons emitted from a single G center in a photonic waveguide show a high degree of indistinguishability. We describe a model that explains the observed temporal dynamics which indicate that spectral fluctuations in G centers shows long-time correlations.

We follow the time-resolved description of two-photon quantum interference in Ref.~\cite{Legero2003}, and adapt it for exponential wavepackets. We consider the time-resolved dynamics of two single-photon pulses simultaneously arriving at the beamsplitter (at $z=0$). These two pulses are created with a 25~ns delay at the source G center, and simultaneously arrive at the beamsplitter due to the delayed interforemeter setup shown in Fig.~\ref{fig4}. The two spatio-temporal mode function amplitudes for the photons at the position of the beamsplitter ($z=0$) are:

\begin{align}
    \psi_{1,2} (t,z=0) &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{T_1}}\textrm{exp}(-t/(2 T_1)-i\omega_{1,2}t)

    \label{eq:wavefunction}
\end{align}
where $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ are the carrier frequencies of the first and second single-photon pulses respectively, and $T_1$ is the emission lifetime as measured in Fig.~\ref{fig2}. The emission lifetime $T_1$ is a result of homogeneous broadening based on radiative $\gamma_r$ and non-radiative decay $\gamma_{nr}$ and is therefore constant between successive pulses. We consider the general case where the two photons can be at different frequencies. The origin of frequency differences between successive pulses is discussed below.

The joint photon-detection probability due to the interference of two single-photon wavepackets is given by:

\begin{equation}
    P_\textrm{joint}(t_0,t_0+\tau)=\frac{1}{4}|\psi_1(t_0+\tau)\psi_2(t_0)-\psi_2(t_0+\tau)\psi_1(t_0)|^2
\end{equation}

For the exponential single-photon wavepackets in our experiment (Eq.~\ref{eq:wavefunction}, Fig.~\ref{fig2}), the joint photon detection probability becomes
\begin{equation}
    P_\textrm{joint}(t_0,t_0+\tau)=\frac{e^{(-2t_0-\tau)/T_1}}{2T_1^2}(1-\textrm{cos}{\Delta\tau})
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
    P_\textrm{joint}(\tau)=\frac{e^{-\tau/T_1}}{4T_1}(1-\textrm{cos}{\Delta\tau})
    \label{eq:jointprob}
\end{equation}
upon integration.
Photons can be made distinguishable at very large detunings ($\Delta\rightarrow\infty$) or by having orthogonal polarizations. In Eq.~\ref{eq:jointprob}, the distinguishable case corresponds to setting the cosine term equal to zero. We therefore define a parameter $\chi$ to describe the degree of indistinguishability of the single photons generated.

\begin{equation}
    P_\textrm{joint}(\tau)=\frac{e^{-\tau/T_1}}{4T_1}(1-\chi\textrm{cos}{\Delta\tau})=\alpha g^{(2)}(\tau)
    \label{eq:jointprobtau}
\end{equation}

where $\chi_\textrm{ideal}=1$ for indistinguishable and $\chi_\textrm{ideal}=0$ for distinguishable photons. We experimentally tune the indistinguishability by adjusting the relative polarization of the incoming photons to be parallel or orthogonal. This allows us to use experimentally measured values to quantify the degree of indistinguishability:

\begin{equation}
    \chi_\textrm{exp}= 1-g^{(2)}_\parallel(0)/g^{(2)}_\perp(0)
    \label{eq:visibility}
\end{equation}

Based on the description above, any detuning between the two photon pulses should still lead to high indistinguishability at $\tau=0$. However, large detunings result in very rapid oscillations that cannot be measured due to detector and electronics timing jitters. More importantly, it narrows the time interval and reduces the probability for successful coincidence detection.

In the curve in Fig.~\ref{fig4}, we see an exponential feature around $g^{(2)}_\parallel(0)$ instead of a cosine as suggested by Eq.~\ref{eq:jointprobtau}. The experimentally observed exponential behavior near $|\tau|<1$ ns is caused by fluctuations in the detuning ($\Delta$) between successive pulses ($\psi_1,\psi_2$). For solid-state quantum emitters, the dominant source of spectral broadening ($\Gamma=\gamma_r/2+\gamma_{nr}/2+\gamma_d$) beyond the lifetime limit ($\gamma_r+\gamma_{nr}$) is caused by spectral diffusion.
Spectral diffusion is a pure dephasing process ($\gamma_d$) where emission frequency fluctuates due to external classical noise sources such as fluctuating charges in the solid-state environment. Such charge fluctuations cause a frequency shift on the optical transition frequencies via the DC Stark shift \cite{Acosta2012}. Fig.~\ref{fig3}(a) shows that the  broadening in our system is well-captured by a model where the single-photon emission frequency is sampled from a Lorentzian distribution

\begin{equation}
    p(\omega_i) = \frac{\Gamma}{2\pi}\frac{1}{(\omega_i-\omega_0)^2+(\Gamma/2)^2}
    \label{eq:linewidth}
\end{equation}

with a full width half maximum of $\Gamma/2\pi = 2.8$~GHz. If the emission frequency of two successive pulses are uncorrelated, the relative detuning $\Delta$ between successive pulses will be sampled from a Lorentzian distribution at twice the single-photon linewidth $\Gamma^{\textrm{uncorr}}=2\,\Gamma$. If the correlation timescale ($\tau_c$) of the emitted photon frequencies is longer than the two-photon delay ($\delta \tau=25$ ns in the experiment), we expect

\begin{equation}
    p(\Delta_{12}) = \frac{\Gamma^{\textrm{HOM}}}{\pi}\frac{1}{\Delta_{12}^2+(\Gamma^{\textrm{HOM}})^2}
    \label{eq:linewidthHOM}
\end{equation}
where the effective two-photon linewidth in the experiment is $\Gamma^{\textrm{HOM}}<2\,\Gamma$. We assume $\Gamma\approx\gamma_d$ for simplicity since in the current experiments $\gamma_d$ is much greater than $\gamma_r+\gamma_{nr}$.

Finally, we can obtain the experimentally observed $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ temporal dynamics by integrating Eq.~\ref{eq:jointprobtau} with the probability distribution for two photon detunings in Eq.~\ref{eq:linewidthHOM}

\begin{align}
    G^{(2)}(\tau) &= \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\,d\Delta_{12}P_\textrm{joint}(\Delta_{12},\tau)p(\Delta_{12})\\
    &= \frac{e^{-\tau/T_1}}{4T_1} \left(1-\chi e^{-(\Gamma^{\textrm{HOM}}\tau)}\right)
    \label{eq:modelfinal}
\end{align}

We fit the data to the functional form of $G^{(2)}(\tau) + \textrm{b.g.}$ where $\textrm{b.g.}$ is a variable to account for background noise.  We use the value of $T_1=\SI{4.6\pm0.1}{ns}$ from the lifetime measurements in Fig.~\ref{fig3}. We find $(\Gamma^\textrm{HOM})^{-1}= $\SI{0.4\pm0.1}{ns}.

The effective two-photon linewidth in the quantum interference measurement is $\Gamma^\textrm{HOM}/2\pi= $\SI{0.4\pm1}{GHz} is about an order of magnitude smaller than the measured linewidth of the emission spectrum in Fig.~\ref{fig3}. We attribute this to the time dynamics of spectral diffusion in the system, as Fig.~\ref{fig3}(b) was acquired over a ten-minute period, while we interfere two subsequently emitted photons separated by 25~ns in our HOM experiment.

One significant factor limiting the depth of our HOM dip is the timing jitter of our SNSPDs. We measured this timing jitter by measuring laser-laser correlations and extracting $\sigma$ from a gaussian fit. We obtained a jitter of 252~ps. We include this in our fit model by convolving Eq.~\ref{eq:modelfinal} with a gaussian curve with $\sigma$ = 252~ps. In the main text, we report $g^{(2)}(0)$ and HOM visibility values based on the raw data, shot noise estimates, and Eq.~\ref{eq:visibility}, without any dependence on fit model details or timing jitter correction.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Petya Petrova - Fotolia
Prepare to deploy custom hardware to speed up AI
Latest forecasts suggest spending on artificial intelligence is ramping up, and organisations that need raw machine learning performance are turning to custom hardware
Cliff Saran, Managing Editor
Published: 04 Apr 2019 10:00
Spending in artificial intelligence (AI) across Europe is set to grow by 49% in 2019 compared with 2018, as organisations begin using the technology to gain a competitive advantage, according to IDC.
Andrea Minonne, senior research analyst at IDC Customer Insight & Analysis in Europe, said: "Many European retailers, such as Sephora, Asos and Zara, as well as banks such as NatWest and HSBC, are already experiencing the benefits of AI – including increased store visits, higher revenues, reduced costs, and more pleasant and personalised customer journeys.
"Industry-specific use cases related to automation of processes are becoming mainstream and the focus is set to shift toward next-generation use of AI for personalisation or predictive purposes."
There is industry consensus that a traditional CPU-based computer architecture is generally not up to the task of running machine learning algorithms. Today, graphics processors offer the performance needed to run current machine learning applications.
But the web giants that require even greater levels of performance are now developing custom AI acceleration hardware. For instance, in February the FT reported that Facebook was developing its own chip for machine learning.
Facebook joins Google, which announced its custom AI chip three years ago. In 2016, Google unveiled a tensor processing unit (TPU), a custom application specific integrated circuit (Asic) it had built specifically for machine learning – and tailored for the TensorFlow deep neural network (DNN) learning module.
At the time, Norm Jouppi, distinguished hardware engineer at Google, wrote: "We have been running TPUs inside our datacentres for more than a year, and have found them to deliver an order of magnitude better-optimised performance per watt for machine learning. This is roughly equivalent to fast-forwarding technology about seven years into the future [three generations of Moore's Law]."
Google's TPU is available on GCP. The top-end v2-512 Cloud TPU v2 Pod is currently being tested and costs $422.40 per pod slice per hour.
Asics are exceedingly expensive and limited because they are designed to run one application, such as the TensorFlow DNN module in the case of Google's TPU. Microsoft Azure offers acceleration using a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and according to Microsoft, FPGAs provide performance close to Asics.
"They are also flexible and reconfigurable over time, to implement new logic," it said. Its hardware accelerated machine learning architecture, dubbed Brainwave, is based on Intel's FPGA devices to achieve what Microsoft said "enables data scientists and developers to accelerate real-time AI calculation".
Acceleration with GPUs
Arguably, graphics processing units (GPUs) are the entry point for most organisations looking to deploy hardware to accelerate machine learning algorithms. According to Nvidia, GPUs fit well with the need to train deep neural networks for AI applications.
"Because neural networks are created from large numbers of identical neurons, they are highly parallel by nature," it said. "This parallelism maps naturally to GPUs, which provide a significant speed-up over CPU-only training."
Jos Martin, senior engineering manager and principal architect for parallel computing tools at MathWorks, said: "Without the advent of GPUs and the fast computation that they bring, we would not be seeing the current explosion in this area. AI developments and GPU computing go hand in hand to accelerate each other's growth."
Among the advances in GPU technology over the last few years, they now support what is known in computer science as "mixed precision algorithms", said Martin.
GPUs for machine learning are easily accessible from the cloud, such as Amazon EC2 P3, which offers up to eight Nvidia V100 tensor core GPUs and up to 100 Gbps of networking throughput for $31.22 per hour.
Read more about AI acceleration
Google's Edge TPU is a force multiplier to compete against the likes of Amazon, IBM and Microsoft, and to attract next-gen app developers.
OpenStack supporting community will help enterprises to overcome infrastructure barriers to adopting AI technologies in 2019 as demand for GPU and FPGA-based set-ups grows.
Clearly, data needs to be in the cloud for machine learning processing. Where regulations or the size of the dataset prohibit this, a number of organisations have built their own GPU-based machine learning accelerators.
One example is Tinkoff bank in Moscow, which has built its own supercomputer to support its strategy to develop a platform for machine learning and AI. Called the Kolmogorov cluster, it is believed to be the eighth-largest supercomputer in Russia.
The hardware, comprising 10 nodes with Nvidia Tesla V100 accelerators powered by tensor cores, provides up to 658.5TFlops of peak double-precision floating-point (FP64) performance.
The bank said the AI-acceleration hardware took just 24 hours to retrain a sales probability forecasting model using its entire 13-year set of accumulated data. It estimated that a traditional computing approach would have required six months to run the same sales forecasting probability model.
Quantum computing could have a role to play in the future of machine learning acceleration. As Computer Weekly has previously reported, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Oxford University, along with researchers from IBM's Q division, have published a paper detailing an experiment to show how quantum computing could accelerate the technique of feature mapping to identify unique attributes in data such as recognising someone's face.
The researchers are looking to identify which datasets would represent a good fit for quantum-based AI acceleration.
Infrastructure for machine learning, AI requirements, examples
You can now run a Nvidia vGPU on VMware infrastructure
By: Allyson Larcom
Nvidia finalizes Mellanox deal to boost AI products
By: Mark Labbe
New IBM Power9 server adds Nvidia, Google chips for AI workloads
By: Ed Scannell
Google's Cloud TPU v2, v3 Pods accelerate ML training – SearchEnterpriseAI
Why are we serving up chips? – ComputerWeekly.com
Tensor Processing Units were purpose-built for ... – SearchEnterpriseAI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
OPPORTUNITIES, that shall be undertaken
Belarus and Austria have a great potential for the development of mutually beneficial trade and economic cooperation
In the seventh session of the Belarusian-Austrian Commission for Trade and Economic Cooperation, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Belarusian part of the commission chair Viktor Gaisenok made a notice about the stability of the trade between Belarus and Austria in the last 10 years. In year 2006, the goods turnover comprised almost $125 million, which is 28 per cent more than in previous year. Although Belarusian export has experienced a 30 per cent increase, it is still 5 times less than import from Austria. This proves that there is a misbalance in Belarusian foreign trade with this country. At the same time, there is a huge potential for our trade relations development. Deputy Minister also stated that Belarusian export to Austria consists primarily of goods made from ferrous metals, wood, including furniture, polymer materials, and chemical fibers, also fabrics and apparel. Export volume in year 2006 was only $21 million, which is definitely less than it could have been. In order to increase Belarusian merchandise supply, we need to make a thorough market research in Austria and establish valuable contacts among Austrian business communities, noted Viktor Gaisenok.
Besides, Viktor Gaisenok believes encouraging Austrian investments in the modernization of the Belarusian economy is important for the development of the bilateral relations.
In turn, director general for foreign trade policy of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour, chairman of the Austrian part of the commission Johann Sachs noted, the flow of Austrian investment in the Belarusian economy can be accelerated by inviting Austrian banks to partake the development of the bilateral relations. He cited Raiffeisenbank, which owns a share in Belarusian Priorbank, as an example of successful work in Belarus.
Austrian companies export to Belarus mainly medications, metering instruments, food industry equipment and certain other commodities. However, according to Johann Sachs, it is just a small part of what Austria could have supplied to Belarus. Yet the list of goods imported from Belarus can be extended.
"The foreign trade has a significant potential, which needs to be explored by implementing new projects and cooperation programs", said Johann Sachs. He added, Belarus occupies only the 67th position on Austria's largest trade partners list by accounting for 0.07% of Austria's foreign trade while Austria maintains trade relations with over 200 countries across the globe.
Alexander Sokolovskiy


Omedetou! Welcome to the Party!
Japanese Seijin no Hi, or Coming of Age Day, has been recognized in various forms for over one thousand years. It is a day to honor young men and women who turn 20 between April of the past year and March of the current one. Previously in history, young men reached the age of adulthood at 15, girls at only 13. The official age was set at 20 in 1876.
At 20-years-old in Japan, a citizen is officially recognized as being subject to adult laws, having the right to vote and the right to both imbibe and purchase alcohol. It goes without saying that it is a festive occasion. It is also the busiest time of year for tailors, photo studios, and beauty parlors. Women will wear furisode kimonos (long-sleeved kimonos opposed to the short sleeves worn by married women) and men will wear either business suits or perhaps don a kimono as well. Until 2000 the holiday was celebrated on January 15. It is now held on the second Monday of January.
Welcome your young Japanese subscribers to adulthood or celebrate with their proud parents with these Benchmark Email Coming of Age Day email templates!


"a heavy blow," 1923, of echoic origin.
But considere also quod she in wham is blisfulnesse enhabite.
Why he used to spell "who" wha, and "have" hae, and "whom" wham!
I stepped out between acts for a breath of fresh air, and wham, a sack over the head and here I am.
There was a sudden catastrophic whooshing roar and, wham, a tree took flame for roots.
In a jiffy, I'd be going slippety-sizzle over the edge of the eaves and land with a wham at Poetry's feet.
Is his dochter Jeanie, wham ye intend for my mither's servant, like her father?


text:
Spontane generatie, is een aanname over de herkomst van jong leven. Dit zou in sommige gevallen vanzelf ontstaan uit dood materiaal. Het wordt ook wel Generatio spontanea, abiogenese van Aristoteles of autogenese genoemd.

Deze klassieke opvatting van spontane generatie is volgens moderne inzichten een onmogelijkheid. Het is iets totaal anders dan abiogenese, het evolutionair ontstaan van het leven op aarde, waarbij leven op aarde ontstond uit organische en anorganische moleculen.

Aristoteles
Aristoteles nam spontane generatie dagelijks waar. Het bewijs zag hij in de waarnemingen dat palingen en vliegen uit kadavers tevoorschijn kwamen, muizen uit het graan en bladluizen uit dauwdruppels.

Redi
In 1668 toonde Francesco Redi echter aan, dat alleen levende vliegen verantwoordelijk waren voor de vliegen uit kadavers. Hij vulde een paar grote potten met vlees en dekte een paar ervan af. Alleen in de niet afgedekte potten 'ontstonden' maden.

Spallanzani
Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799) deed proeven met aftreksels van zaden in glazen potten die op vier manieren waren behandeld:

 Fles 1 bleef open,
 Fles 2 werd afgesloten met een wattenprop,
 Fles 3 werd afgesloten met een houten stop,
 Fles 4 werd dicht gesmolten.

Hij verwarmde de potten. Als hij kort verwarmde vond hij in alle potten micro-organismen, maar hoe beter afgesloten hoe minder micro-organismen. Als hij de potten een half uur verhitte, kwamen er helemaal geen micro-organismen in de pot die dicht gesmolten was, in de overige flessen wel. Zijn conclusie was: micro-organismen ontstaan niet door spontane generatie, maar komen via de lucht de potten binnen. Zijn critici zeiden echter dat de lucht in de afgesloten fles door de verhitting veranderd was, waardoor er daar geen leven kon ontstaan.

Pasteur
Desondanks geloofde men tot aan de ontdekking van Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) in 1860, dat bacteriën vanzelf ontstonden. Het onderzoek van Louis Pasteur toonde echter aan, dat "niet-leven" geen leven kan genereren, maar alleen levende wezens leven kunnen voortbrengen. Hij deed een experiment waarbij hij iets verwarmde en na verhitting was er geen sprake meer van de generatio spontanea, immers door verhitting worden de bacteriën gedood (pasteuriseren). Aanvankelijk geloofde men hem niet. Een van zijn tegenstanders beweerde dat Pasteur niet eerlijk had gewerkt, omdat hij als katholiek tegen de generatio spontanea zou zijn.

Zie ook
 Microbiologie

Evolutie
Biologie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
SPILL BOOK REVIEW: MARTIN POPOFF – LIMELIGHT: RUSH IN THE '80s
SPILL NEW MUSIC: BLANKETMAN - "BEACH BODY"
SPILL ALBUM REVIEW: BLACK SUGAR TRANSMISSION - DREAM FINISHER
MARTIN POPOFF – LIMELIGHT: RUSH IN THE '80s
BOOK REVIEW BY GERROD HARRIS
Author Martin Popoff continues his deep dive into the discography of Rush with Limelight: Rush In The '80s, the second book in his trilogy on the band, following the release of Anthem: Rush In The '70s earlier this year. Focusing on Rush's creative output in the '80s, Popoff dedicates thoroughly written chapters to examining Permanent Waves, Moving Pictures, Signals, Grace Under Pressure, Power Windows, Hold Your Fire, and Presto, along with live albums Exit… Stage Left and A Show Of Hands. Popoff tackles Rush's busiest, and, debatably, their most successful and creatively charged decade with a sense of expertise and a collection of well-researched interviews from various sources, as well as the many he has conducted over the years.
Opening with a brief introduction memorializing the late Neil Peart, who passed away as Anthem: Rush In The '70s was being printed, Limelight: Rush In The '80s opens with a solemn tone. While Rush had officially retired following their 2018 tour, there is now a tragic sense of finality surrounding the band. With that in mind, Limelight is a fantastic reminder of the brilliance of both the performance and songwriting Rush were known for and, furthermore, the iconic and innovative contributions Peart made to drumming as a whole. Divided into chapters for each record, Popoff presses forward into Permanent Waves, an era in which Rush was still growing. Truly, the start of the '80s seemed to bring a sense of make or break with steady progress being made throughout the previous decade that yielded little returns. Popoff demonstrates this while further exploring the creative directions taken at the time through an abundance of firsthand accounts seamlessly tied together.
Within the chapters of Moving Pictures – nearly unanimously considered to be Rush's greatest album which broke them into the upper echelons of rock – and the follow-up, Signals, Popoff excellently paints a picture of massive success and contrasting creative struggles and growing pains as Rush find their place in the ever-changing sonic landscape of the 1980s, while getting used to their own shift as the progressive underdogs who had seemingly made it big. Throughout Limelight, Popoff continues to make comparisons between the album of the current chapter with different albums, struggles, and successes from previous chapters to create a deeper sense of perspective. This brings Popoff's narrative to live beyond simply an in-depth examination of each album, but rather, the added element of context and comparison makes for a far more compelling read.
Popoff's second part of his current trilogy picks up seamlessly where Anthem left off. Emphasising some of the greatest shifts for the band between the changing decades, Popoff is able to analyse Rush at one of their most commercially successful and creatively driven eras, making Limelight: Rush In The '80s a sure fire hit among Rush fans. Popoff continues to demonstrate a vast understanding of the band through a massive roster of first-hand accounts to reveal the ultimate behind the scenes experience as to how each album was written, recorded, and eventually received by the public. Whether it's nostalgia you're after, or pure curiosity, Limelight: Rush In The '80s will make for an excellent addition to your book shelf.
Unofficially, Martin Popoff has written more album reviews than anyone else in the history of music as the editor-in-chief of the now retired Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles as well as contributing to Revolver, Guitar World, and Record Collector among others. As an author, Popoff has written seventy-three books examining a wide range of rock and metal. His work also extends into film, having worked on the award winning documentary Rush: Beyond The Lighted Stage, as well as VH1's Metal Evolution and Rock Icons.
SPILL BOOK REVIEW: MARTIN POPOFF – ANTHEM: RUSH IN THE '70s
Purchase Limelight: Rush In The '80s Via
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Gerrod Harris
A passion for music has always been a part of Gerrod's life. As a young boy, he was raised on a steady diet of the music from The Chili Peppers, Aerosmith, The Stones, Prince, and others from his mum. Raised in the GTA, Gerrod continued to foster his love for music by attending a wide range of concerts and learning the drums. His unapologetic passion for music has no bounds and has spread to a wide variety of styles, whether it be the 90's rock that sound tracked his teenage years, the jazz he studied in university, or his newfound love for hip-hop. He recently received his bachelors in music and education from York University and is passionate about writing and reviewing good (and less than good) music. Gerrod is also the drummer and songwriter for a Toronto based rock & roll band, One In The Chamber.
booksecw pressgeddy lee
SPILL FEATURE: IT'S ABOUT THE MUSIC – EVERYTHING ELSE IS SECONDARY – A CONVERSATION WITH KENNETH WOMACK – AUTHOR OF JOHN LENNON, 1980: THE LAST DAYS IN THE LIFE
by Aaron Badgley on October 25, 2020
IT'S ABOUT THE MUSIC – EVERYTHING ELSE IS SECONDARY A CONVERSATION [...]
SPILL ALBUM REVIEW: BEASTIE BOYS – BEASTIE BOYS MUSIC
by Gerrod Harris on October 23, 2020
Beastie Boys Beastie Boys Music Universal Music The last two years have seen a revival of interest in the Beastie Boys. Starting with their 2018 memoir and one of the best music [...]
SPILL BOOK REVIEW: MIKE CARR – ROCK MY WORLD CANADA PRESENTS: CANADIAN BLUES REFERENCE & COLLECTOR'S GUIDE
by Gerry Young on September 21, 2020
MIKE CARR – ROCK MY WORLD CANADA PRESENTS: CANADIAN BLUES REFERENCE & COLLECTOR'S GUIDE ROCK MY WORLD CANADA BOOK [...]
SPILL BOOK REVIEW: JOEL MILLER – MEMOIR OF A ROADIE: AXL SAID I MADE A GREAT CUP OF TEA… SCOTT WEILAND LIKED THE CARPENTERS… & OZZY DRINKS ROSÉ.
by Jamie Lawlis on August 8, 2020
JOEL MILLER – MEMOIR OF A ROADIE: AXL SAID I MADE A GREAT CUP OF TEA… SCOTT WEILAND [...]
by Gerrod Harris on May 12, 2020
MARTIN POPOFF – ANTHEM: RUSH IN THE '70s ECW PRESS BOOK REVIEW BY GERROD HARRIS Moving away from the coffee table style, album-by-album artists examinations he's [...]


text:
Middle East 1973: Setting the Stage for Diplomacy
Podcast: James Sebenius on Henry Kissinger as Negotiator
Synopsis: Waking Up to the China Challenge: Are the U.S. and China Destined for War?
Middle East 1973: Calculating a Careful Response
Ping-Pong Diplomacy: How People Coming Together Established Sino-America Détente
How Nixon and Kissinger Dealt with North Korea
Anwar Sadat, Camp David, Diplomacy, Egypt, Golda Meir, Israel, Middle East, UN, UN Resolution, United Nations, Yom Kippur War
By Jason Schwartz
After several weeks of fighting in October 1973 between Israel and the adjacent Arab nations, the Yom Kippur War had reached conditions which threatened further escalation. Each side had respectively been resupplied by their ideological benefactor-with Israel siding with the United States and Arabs with the Soviet Union. While initially facing the threat of losing territory acquired during the Six Day War 1967 in the initial days of combat, the subsequent fighting allowed Israel to regain and even expand the territory which it controlled. The Arab nations had created a much stronger negotiation position than in past conflicts due to their early strong military showing and united response.
For the Nixon administration, the outcome of the war had to equally account for the need to bolster a longtime ally while also simultaneously taking into account regional aspirations of improved relations with those nations historically hostile to Israel. Taking effect by the adoption of measures largely negotiated by the United States and Soviet Union, UN Security Council Resolutions 338 and 339 prohibited all further military activity. In addition, the resolution mandated a return to the territorial boundaries of 22 October. The American response demanded a calculation of the contrasting but equally important objectives of securing a strong alliance with Israel which also furthered regional stability. Though the Israeli Defense Forces had advanced and carved a path towards Cairo unopposed, the United States used leverage gained through its massive resupply efforts to effectively halt further advancement. Seeing a reasonable negotiation partner in Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, American policymakers wanted to avoid any conclusion that may cause embarrassment or threaten the future legitimacy of Sadat's rule in the eyes of the Arab world.
In preparation of meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir, an NSC memorandum addressed to Henry Kissinger outlined the need to restrain Israel's military gains against the larger geopolitical picture:
If this war has demonstrated that Israel needs US support and could lead to a US-USSR confrontation, then the US has a right to participate in determining the issues on which it is prepared to confront the USSR for Israel's sake. Although it must be put delicately, the point must be made that the issue on which we will focus our attention is Israel's survival and not its expansion. We are prepared to let Israel try to negotiate border changes, but we are not optimistic that Israel will succeed and we are not convinced that territory is the only way to provide security.
The mutual ceasefire would demonstrate an unprecedented level of cooperation between Israel and Egypt. The two exchanged prisoners and allowed for the resupply of essentials to the encircled Egyptian Third Army, with both sides later adopting the full conditions of the UN Resolution 339. Nixon would later visit the region in the last months of his presidency, cementing a new degree of dialogue between the historically hostile nations. The events lead to the 1978 Camp David Accords, returning the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt and creating the Egypt-Israeli Peace Treaty – the first to exist between Israel and an Arab state.


text:
Sweden allocates USD 1.5bn for climate change, renewables
Vestas turbines in Sweden. Courtesy of Vestas Wind Systems A/S.
September 7 (SeeNews) - Sweden announced on Tuesday it will set aside SEK 12.9 billion (USD 1.53bn/EUR 1.36bn) for investments in greenhouse gas emission reduction, fossil-fuel-free travel and renewable energy projects in the period 2017-2020.
This is the largest climate and environment budget Sweden has ever announced, the government said in a statement.
The above-mentioned sum includes SEK 3.5 billion that will be spent on regional and local initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The private sector, municipalities and associations are expected to contribute towards such projects at least 50% on top of the sum the government has allocated.
Sweden has also set aside SEK 500 million for international development. A portion of that is likely going for climate financing in low and middle-income countries.
According to data from Eurostat, the statistical office of the EU, Sweden's share of renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy was 52.6% in 2014. The country surpassed its 2020 target for 49% half a decade earlier.
(SEK 10 = USD 1.184/EUR 1.053)
Visa achieves 100% renewable power objective
Japan's Takeda aims to become carbon neutral by 2040
EC buckles Green Deal with EUR-1tr investment plan
UK requires more low-carbon generation to meet climate goal, analysts say
Brookfield Renewable Partners gets sustainability-linked loan from BNP Paribas
Published Sep 07, 2016 15:41 CEST
Environment State Budget
Renewable Energy Transportation


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Flexible working/ work from home once a week minimum.
This is a permanent opportunity for a HR Manager to join a busy organisation based in Sheffield. The role will cover the Sheffield area and will pay up to £45k for the successful candidate.
A permanent opportunity for a Senior Reward Analyst to join a large HR team in Sheffield. This is a great opportunity for someone looking for the next step in their analytical career!
Create a job alert to receive Human Resources - Sheffield jobs via email the minute they become available.


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Dispatches from the Pandemic: This Old Desk
Posted on February 5, 2021 by robert okaji
This old desk whispers hints of lives lived in separate peripheries, of unseen treasures and thoughts and deeds. Whose fountain pen scrawled love notes on the inlaid leather pullout, which daughter broke a crystal finger bowl and wept for a lost pet? What books rested behind these glass doors? What curiosities? Old pocket knives, polished stones? Spent cartridges? And in these slots? Perhaps perfume bottles and note pads. Or unanswered letters and a worn deck of playing cards. A tin box of regrets, another of joy.
Haiku and Whitman
mingling behind beveled glass
Look: my mother's ashtray
The desk and I are slowly making our acquaintance. I pledge that I will never take its untold history for granted, that I'll respect its presence and do my utmost to fill it with purpose, with cherished objects and the satisfaction of good work. In turn it offers me solidity, an altar at which to sit and think, to rearrange words, create lists, read, conjure fantasies, breathe. I've only just realized that I've lacked such a base since abandoning my Texas shack fifteen months ago.
Another window
frames the distant crow
Home at last!
This entry was posted in Poetry and tagged acceptance, antique furniture, books, creative writing, haibun, haiku, life, mindfulness, pandemic, poems, poetry, writing by robert okaji. Bookmark the permalink.
19 thoughts on "Dispatches from the Pandemic: This Old Desk"
Margaret Lear on October 23, 2020 at 8:39 am said:
That's lovely. Reminds me of my oak desk where I usually need to be to write.
robert okaji on October 23, 2020 at 9:18 am said:
Thanks, Margaret. This one's a keeper! Sitting at it brings me great pleasure, something I can't say for the IKEA desk it replaced. 😀
stephanielharper on October 23, 2020 at 9:14 am said:
Some things are just meant to be!
Even when you can't see them for yourself!
Muhammad Hussnain Nawaz on October 23, 2020 at 9:49 am said:
Great and lovely
robert okaji on October 23, 2020 at 10:52 am said:
Thanks very much, Muhammad.
memadtwo on October 23, 2020 at 5:02 pm said:
It must have had some rich previous lives. (K)
No doubt, Kerfe. It's well worn, with many scratches and a few gouges and nicks. But it's a solid piece and will serve me well.
Jazz Jaeschke on October 26, 2020 at 3:33 pm said:
Inviting! On my do-it list is shifting my computer workspace across the room, into an area a few steps further from the beaten path into kitchen (a little less distraction!). I'm in preliminary consultations with the Labrador, who considers my target spot hers …
robert okaji on October 26, 2020 at 3:56 pm said:
The feng-shui in this room is finally correct! I hope your consultations go well. Jack the cattle dog was easy – he didn't care where his bed was, as long as it was nearby.
Sun Hesper Jansen on February 3, 2021 at 5:44 pm said:
An altar indeed! I can feel the good energy all the way from here. ^_^
robert okaji on February 3, 2021 at 6:22 pm said:
The entire house is full of good energy, and this little desk was the perfect addition. A serendipitous find, if ever there was.
genienakano on February 3, 2021 at 11:02 pm said:
Wish I could keep my house so neat. My desk twice as big and twice as cluttered.
Ha! You should see the table to the right of the desk. 🙂
Walt Page, The Tennessee Poet on February 4, 2021 at 5:57 pm said:
Outstanding poetry and imagery!
robert okaji on February 5, 2021 at 12:49 pm said:
Thanks very much, Walt!
Walt Page, The Tennessee Poet on February 7, 2021 at 10:15 am said:
You're very welcome Robert!
fritzdenis on February 7, 2021 at 1:20 pm said:
I feel that way about one of my easels and a palette I've used a lot. They give me a sense of continuity. Working with them helps me to center my thoughts, to look for a deeper focus.
I feel much better in the presence of real wood, as opposed to the fabricated stuff. Perhaps it helps set the mood, or is more conducive to freeing my wandering thoughts. Odd, but true.


I just finished my second session of floating in a silent, dark tank of water for 90 minutes. It was a very cool experience. Completely relaxing. Almost meditative. My second session I think I fell asleep. It's supposed to be a good catalyst to improve my creative flow. And you know what? I think it worked! A local business offered two free floats to artists in exchange for a piece of original art inspired by the floating experience. For my own part, I did it because I want to take my art in a slightly new direction, but I was experiencing a slight inspiration blockage. The trick for me was to both concentrate on the problem I wanted to solve, but to not obsess over it. I'd have to say that floating helped, and soon I will be showing some of this new direction. Intrigued?
You can find out more at Northwest Float Center, 6th Ave., Tacoma. …And very soon I'll be posting an image of that hinted-at new direction.


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Olivier Brouzet
Find sources: "Olivier Brouzet" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Olivier Brouzet (born 22 November 1972 in Béziers) is a French rugby union footballer. His usual position was at lock. He has played over 70 internationals for France, including being a part of numerous Rugby World Cup squads for France. He has also played for a variety of French and English clubs.[1]
(1972-11-22) 22 November 1972 (age 47)
Beziers, France
6.7 ft (2.0 m)
18.5 st (117 kg)
Rugby union career
Amateur team(s)
Team Apps (Points)
Seyssins ()
Correct as of 8 July 2014
Stade Francais
France 72 (10)
Brouzet made his debut for France against Scotland in March 1994. He was included in the 1995 Rugby World Cup squad He scored his first try for France against that same opposition in February 1998. He was also a part of the 1999 Rugby World Cup and 2003 Rugby World Cup squads. He has played for the FC Grenoble, Club Athlétic Bordeaux-Bègles, English club Northampton Saints, ASM Clermont Auvergne and Stade Français Paris.
In November 2004, he was selected a second and final time with the French Barbarians to play against the Australian at the Jean-Bouin stadium in Paris. The Baa-Baas bow 15 to 45.[2][3]
He was the son of shot putter Yves Brouzet who held the french record for 34 years.[4][5]
^ "Olivier Brouzet". ESPN scrum. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
^ BRC. "Barbarian Rugby Club". www.barbarianrugbyclub.com. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
^ "Les Barbarians trop tendres". ladepeche.fr (in French). Retrieved 31 July 2017.
^ "Mort d'Yves Brouzet". liberation.fr (in French). Retrieved 10 May 2003.
^ "Mondial masc U19: Hugo Brouzet a vraiment de qui tenir". handzone.net (in French). Retrieved 7 August 2017.
Olivier Brouzet at ESPNscrum
Olivier Brouzet on sporting-heroes.net
Olivier Brouzet on lequipe.fr
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olivier_Brouzet&oldid=913017121"


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text:
Q: RegularExpressionValidation - is there a better way to write this? I have a textbox that the requirements are for it to be five numeric characters followed by 3 letters that will match what was selected in a dropdownlist. This is the way I'm having it check:
        protected void ddlLegalEntity_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (ddlLegalEntity.SelectedItem.Text == "FID")
        {
            RegularExpressionValidator1.ValidationExpression = "^[0-9]{5}(FID)$";
        }
        else if (ddlLegalEntity.SelectedItem.Text == "FLM")
        {
            RegularExpressionValidator1.ValidationExpression = "^[0-9]{5}(FLM)$";
        }
        else if (ddlLegalEntity.SelectedItem.Text == "FOF")
        {
            RegularExpressionValidator1.ValidationExpression = "^[0-9]{5}(FOF)$";
        }

And then it continues with a few more else if.......
So if in ddlLegalEntity you select the choice FLM, then the textbox will have to equal five numbers followed by FLM.
Such as...
13423FLM
56543FLM
This code works fine, but I feel like there must be an easier way to code this. maybe I'm wrong and this is the easiest way, but I'm just curious.

A: Maybe something like:
     protected void ddlLegalEntity_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
     RegularExpressionValidator1.ValidationExpression = "^[0-9]{5}("+ddlLegalEntity.SelectedItem.Text+")$";
}

And better use string.Format( string, params) for this purposes;
        private static readonly string validationRegEx= "^[0-9]\{5\}({0})$";
        String.Format(validationRegEx, ddlLegalEntity.SelectedItem.Text);


text:
PRESS RELEASES , Product
TP-Link begins selling its first ultra-compact USB adapter "UB400" compatible with Bluetooth 4.0 from March 30 (Saturday)
TPI Link Japan Co., Ltd. TP-Link begins selling its first ultra-compact USB adapter "UB400" compatible with Bluetooth 4.0 from March 30 (Saturday) -Bluetooth connection is possible easily even with non-compliant devices-
TP-Link Japan Co., Ltd., which is Japan's No. 1 share of the world's No. 1 share in wireless LAN product development, production and sales, (TP: Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo) -Link) will start selling its USB adapter "UB400" compatible with Bluetooth 4.0, which is its first in Japan (Saturday) on March 30, 2019.
"UB400" enables Bluetooth connection easily just by plugging in non-Bluetooth compatible devices. It is also backward compatible with Bluetooth V3.0 / 2.1 / 2.0 / 1.1, as well as Bluetooth 4.0 with power saving technology (BLE).
In addition, it is convenient to carry because it is housed in a super-compact chassis with high performance. With the industry's highest standard 3-year warranty, anyone can use it with confidence.
■ Bluetooth 4.0 nano USB adapter "UB400" (expected selling price: around 980 yen including tax)
・ Size: 14.8 × 6.8 × 18.9 mm (width x depth x height)
・ Standard: Bluetooth 4.0
・ Interface: USB 2.0
・ Supported OS: Windows 10 / 8.1 / 8/7 / XP
・ Wide transmit / receive range: Up to 10 meters
* 1 can be transmitted / received from Bluetooth Ver. 4.0 Dual mode Class 2.
・ Energy saving: Equipped with power saving technology (BLE) and cut 60% power consumption.
・ Compatibility: It is backward compatible with Bluetooth Ver.4.0 / LE, Bluetooth V3.0 / 2.1 / 2.0 / 1.1.
・ Supports 19 Bluetooth profiles
* 2: AVRCP / A2DP / BIP / BPP / DID / DUN / FTP / GAVDP / HFP / HCRP / HSP / HID / GATT / OPP / PA / PRX / SPP / SP / VDP
・ High quality chipset: Equipped with a chipset made by Qualcomm. -Driver unnecessary: In Windows 8 / 8.1 / 10, it is available only by plugging in to USB.
・ Nano size: It is housed in an ultra-compact case despite its high performance.
・ Supported OS: Supports Windows 10 / 8.1 / 8/7 / XP.
* 1 Theoretical value, which varies depending on the operating environment.
* 2 The profile defines the operation during Bluetooth communication and the content of data to be sent and received, and the profile to be used differs depending on the application.
For example, profiles used for audio data transmission are for Bluetooth-enabled earphones and headphones, not for mice and keyboards.
* 3 If you update the OS, there may be compatibility problems, so please download the latest driver from HP.
www.tp-link.com/jp/download-center
[Features of UB400]
■ We realize Bluetooth connection
Simply plug the "UB400" into a non-Bluetooth compatible device, and you can easily connect with Bluetooth.
■ Windows
8 · 8.1 · 10 plug and play Windows 8 · Windows 8.1 · Windows 10 do not require troublesome driver installation, and they can be used immediately by plugging them into the USB port.
* Windows 7 / XP requires driver installation.
www.tp-link.com/jp/download/UB400.html
■ Let's enjoy hands-free
It can transmit and receive within the range of up to 10 meters. You can enjoy music and calls at home without being bothered by cables.
■ Ultra-small nano size
Because of the ultra-small nano size, you can carry a laptop PC while inserting the "UB400" into the USB port.
[World No. 1 share! High-quality wireless LAN router TP-Link]
TP-Link is the world's number one provider of network products to more than 1 billion end users in more than 170 countries worldwide, with 42% global share of wireless LAN equipment.
In addition, in 2018, we acquired the world's No. 1 wireless LAN equipment provider for eight consecutive years.
* 1 Currently, we have local subsidiaries in 42 locations around the world, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan.
* 1 By the number of shipments, according to the IDC WLAN Tracker in the fourth quarter of 2018 Through thorough research and development, efficient production systems and strict quality control, TP-Link has won many awards in the field of networking products. In addition, it has acquired the technology suitability mark of each country
* 2 and offers products that can be used safely and with high performance.
* 2 TELEC, CE, FCC acquired, RoHS compliant
Company name: TPI Link Japan Ltd. (English name: TP-LINK JAPAN INC.) Representative: Li Location: Nishi Shimbashi, Minato Ward, Tokyo 2-9-1 PMO Nishi Shimbashi 8F Corporate site: www.tp-link.com/
For more information about this release(Japanese):
prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000058.000023744.html ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ ━
PRESS RELEASES, Product
[Bandai Namco Arts] The second movie of the latest movie vers...
"The Wolfgang Steak House" Osaka Store Opening Fourth Anniver...


text:
Pop / Rock Artists
Progressive HouseDanceHip-Hop / R&B
Christina Aguilera Top Songs
Listen to Christina Aguilera's top songs like Ain't No Other Man, Beautiful (Peter Rauhofer Short Club), Feel This Moment on EDM Hunters. The list is updated daily to include all of Christina Aguilera's latest songs. The songs on this are ordered by number of likes, plays and downloads. Like your favourite songs to make your vote count. What's your #1?
Ain't No Other Man
Beautiful (Peter Rauhofer Short Club)
Genre: Progressive House
Feel This Moment
Pitbull, Christina Aguilera
Genre: Dance
Christina Aguilera, A Great Big World
Christina Aguilera, Goldlink
You Lost Me
Artists similar to Christina Aguilera
Young Bombs
DJ Antoine
3LAU
Axwell Λ Ingrosso
Christina Aguilera Bio
Christina María Aguilera is an American singer, songwriter, actress and television personality. Her accolades include five Grammy Awards, one Latin Grammy Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Listen to Christina Aguilera's top and latest Progressive House, Dance, Hip-Hop / R&B songs, watch videos and discover DJs similar to Christina Aguilera on EDM Hunters. Like your favourite songs to make your vote count. What's your #1?
Top Christina Aguilera Videos
christina-aguilera
Ain't No Other Man - Christina Aguilera
Beautiful (Peter Rauhofer Short Club) - Christina Aguilera
Feel This Moment - Pitbull, Christina Aguilera
Candyman - Christina Aguilera
Say Something - Christina Aguilera, A Great Big World
Like I Do - Christina Aguilera, Goldlink
You Lost Me - Christina Aguilera
The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting On An Open Fire) - Christina Aguilera
This Christmas - Christina Aguilera
Hurt - Christina Aguilera
Do What U Want - Lady Gaga, Christina Aguilera
Beautiful (Peter Rauhofer Radio Mix) - Christina Aguilera
Beautiful (Peter Rauhofer Extended Club) - Christina Aguilera
Dirrty - Redman, Christina Aguilera


text:
package com.galenframework.api;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class PageDump {
    private String title;
    private Map<String, Element> items = new HashMap<String, Element>();
    private String pageName;

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public Map<String, Element> getItems() {
        return items;
    }

    public void setItems(Map<String, Element> items) {
        this.items = items;
    }

    public void setPageName(String pageName) {
        this.pageName = pageName;
    }

    public String getPageName() {
        return pageName;
    }

    public static class Element {

        @JsonIgnore
        private String objectName;
        private int[] area;
        private boolean hasImage = false;

        public Element(String objectName, int[] area) {
            setObjectName(objectName);
            setArea(area);
        }

        public void setObjectName(String objectName) {
            this.objectName = objectName;
        }

        public String getObjectName() {
            return objectName;
        }

        public void setArea(int[] area) {
            this.area = area;
        }

        public int[] getArea() {
            return area;
        }

        public void setHasImage(boolean hasImage) {
            this.hasImage = hasImage;
        }

        public boolean getHasImage() {
            return hasImage;
        }
    }
    public void addElement(Element element) {
        items.put(element.getObjectName(), element);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Wolk Morais' latest runway collection mines the Memphis Group by way of Melrose Avenue
By Adam Tschorn
The latest runway collection from L.A.-based design duo Brian Wolk and Claude Morais, presented on the roof of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel Wednesday night, continued the Wolk Morais label's long-running love affair with Los Angeles, drawing inspiration from an L.A.-based artist as well as street style from one of the city's moist iconic shopping thoroughfares.
"We saw a show [about artist Peter Shire] at MOCA that really inspired us," Morais said backstage before the show. "We were like, 'Oh my God, he's the only L.A. member of the Memphis Group! We thought it was interesting." (Founded in the early '80s in Milan, the Memphis Group was an influential design and architecture group that focused on the use of bold geometric shapes, vivid textures and primary colors.)
"The whole thing is a fantasy," Wolk added, "What if we mixed the swagger of these Melrose [Avenue] kids with the Memphis Group [look] and a dash of Savile Row and put it together in a cinematic Hollywood way? What would it look like?"
Men's looks from the Jan. 17 Wolk Morais runway show at the Hollywood Roosevelt.
(Frazer Harrison / Getty Images for Wolk Morais )
The answer came down the zebra-print runway, just behind the lighted neon Hollywood Roosevelt sign, in the form of "Collection 6," a seasonless title for what's essentially a spring 2018 ready-to-wear collection. We saw just over two dozen men's, women's and gender-bending pattern-popping looks, some bursting with bold color, others in combinations of black and white with a few all-black looks throw in for good measure.
The Savile Row inspiration could be seen in the collection's Spencer suits — cropped jackets with generous lapels paired with high-waisted trousers hemmed to mid-calf and served up in bright green crepe or black vegan leather — as well as a black-and-white houndstooth check that could be seen on vests, dresses, suit dresses and inserts in the sides of evening gowns.
Other black-and-white combinations came by way of sequin zebra prints on color-blocked dresses, leopard spot jacquard suits and skirts and a black sweatshirt with the duo's faces in silhouette in white. Proceeds from the sale of that limited-edition sweatshirt at the brand's online boutique will be donated to Teen Cancer America, a longtime charitable partner of the brand.
Brian Wolk, from left, Heidi Klum, Claude Morais and Adam Lambert at Wolk Morais' Collection 6 runway show at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel.
(Charley Galley (left) and Frazer Harrison (right) / Getty Images for Wolk Morais )
The Memphis Group by way of Melrose homage seemed to hit its stride with a range of colorful patterned pieces — a leopard-print cocktail dress in blue silk, for example, or zebra-print silk shirts in a combination of black and raspberry red. A clever nod to California that we might have missed completely had it not been pointed out to us was a pattern that was designed to look like multiple tiny horizontal slashes or rips in denim — but was actually a jacquard pattern.
Among the collections most memorable looks were the opening number — a dress in a simple silhouette that fell to mid-thigh made from color-blocked panels of colorful crepe (red, green, purple and blue) with two narrow vertical insets of zebra-print sequins running from shoulder to ribcage — and a houndstooth check skirt suit with a three-button, notch-lapel cutaway jacket that, by pairing a traditional menswear pattern with a feminine silhouette, feels like a perfect outfit for these tumultuous times when discussions of gender and power are center stage.
"We wanted this season to be more about feminine suits for men and not masculine suits for women," Morais said backstage. "We want to give power back."
adam.tschorn@latimes.com
For more musings on all things fashion and style, follow me at @ARTschorn.
Adam Tschorn
Adam Tschorn is the deputy fashion editor at the Los Angeles Times, where his fashion and popular culture coverage focusing on style can be found online daily and in the Image section. He has been covering menswear since 2004 and wearing it much, much longer than that. He also writes about designers and women's fashion trends. He holds a BA in philosophy and an MA in journalism, which has prepared him perfectly for watching fashion shows and asking: "Why?"
California doesn't have enough doctors. To recruit them, the state is paying off medical school debt
California will spend $340 million paying off doctors' debts. In exchange, doctors must pledge that at least 30% of their caseloads will be devoted to Medi-Cal patients for five years.


text:
The Traverse City Leelanau and Manistique Railroad
By FRRandP July 19, 2020
The Traverse City Leelanau and Manistique Railroad was a railroad line built by the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad to built north from Traverse City, MI. Service ran north to Northport, MI beginning in 1901, and via a railcar ferry over Lake Michigan, connected to Manistique in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, with ferry service starting two years later in 1903. The ferry used a ship known as the Manistique for its journey between Northport and its namesake city.
Sutton's Bay Depot, c.1920. Image via ExploreVistas
In January, 1908, the Manistique sank in the harbor. It was temporarily replaced by an Ann Arbor car ferry but the ferry operation was discontinued in 1908. (Michigan Railroads)
A picture of the Manistique Ferry. Image: Michigan Railroads
In 1919, the line was reorganized as the Manistee & Northeastern Railroad, which served passenger and freight operations until 1955, when those were assumed by the Chesapeake & Ohio. Freight service declined over time, and passenger service ended in 1975.
Between 1989 and 1995, the Leelanau Scenic Railway ran along the branch to Sutton's Bay, MI. After the tourist operation folded, the line was abandoned. Today, the Leelanau Trail preserves the right of way between Traverse City and Sutton's Bay, with the line completely abandoned north of Sutton's Bay.
A switcher engine of the Leelanau Scenic Railroad showing the old M&NE livery. Image: Eddie Gross
abandoned ferry history Michigan rail-trails rights-of-way
Location: Suttons Bay, MI 49682, USA
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You Could Easily Walk From One End of Indiana 520 ...


Soul-soothing and deeply felt improvisational meditations on five traditional Christmas carols for solo piano and orchestra.
I remember many Christmas eves with my family. It is late and the lights are dimmed. The house is decorated, polished brass and silver gleams, and many candles are lit. Everything glitters and glows and the aromas of pine and cedar fill the room. Then my parents play beautiful and peaceful Christmas carols on the stereo. The magic of that annual experience remains with me powerfully still. The essence of those wonderful memories are what I bring to these improvisations on some of my favourite traditional carols. Originally, I intended to create just one improvisation for each carol. In the end I had two to four improvisations for each carol and was happy with most of them. I've enhanced and expanded some of the carols with orchestrations to further differentiate each improvisation's unique character. I wish you peace and joy during your holiday season.