text:
#ifndef __LEGION_C_UTIL_H__
#define __LEGION_C_UTIL_H__

/**
 * \file legion_c_util.h
 * Legion C API: C++ Conversion Utilities
 */

#include "legion.h"
#include "legion_c.h"
#include "legion_mapping.h"
#include "mapping_utilities.h"

#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>

namespace Legion {

    class CContext;

    class TaskResult {
    public:
      TaskResult(void) : value(NULL), value_size(0) {}

      TaskResult(const void *v, size_t v_size)
        : value(NULL), value_size(v_size) {
        if (!v) return;
        value = malloc(value_size);
        assert(value);
        memcpy(value, v, value_size);
      }

      TaskResult(const TaskResult &r) : value(NULL), value_size(r.value_size) {
        if (!r.value) return;
        value = malloc(value_size);
        assert(value);
        memcpy(value, r.value, value_size);
      }

      const TaskResult &operator=(const TaskResult &r) {
        if (value) free(value);

        value_size = r.value_size;
        if (!r.value) {
          value = NULL;
          return r;
        }
        value = malloc(value_size);
        assert(value);
        memcpy(value, r.value, value_size);
        return r;
      }

      ~TaskResult(void) {
        if (value) free(value);
      }

      size_t legion_buffer_size(void) const {
        return sizeof(size_t) + value_size;
      }
      size_t legion_serialize(void *buffer) const {
        *(size_t *)buffer = value_size;
        if (value) {
          memcpy((void *)(((size_t *)buffer)+1), value, value_size);
        }
        return sizeof(size_t) + value_size;
      }
      size_t legion_deserialize(const void *buffer) {
        value_size = *(const size_t *)buffer;
        value = malloc(value_size);
        assert(value);
        memcpy(value, (void *)(((const size_t *)buffer)+1), value_size);
        return sizeof(size_t) + value_size;
      }

   public:
      void *value;
      size_t value_size;
    };

    class CObjectWrapper {
    public:

      typedef LegionRuntime::Accessor::AccessorType::Generic Generic;
      typedef LegionRuntime::Accessor::AccessorType::SOA<0> SOA;
      typedef LegionRuntime::Accessor::RegionAccessor<Generic> AccessorGeneric;
      typedef LegionRuntime::Accessor::RegionAccessor<SOA, char> AccessorArray;

#define NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(T_, T)                                       \
      static T_ wrap(T t) {                                             \
        T_ t_;                                                          \
        t_.impl = static_cast<void *>(t);                               \
        return t_;                                                      \
      }                                                                 \
      static const T_ wrap_const(const T t) {                           \
        T_ t_;                                                          \
        t_.impl = const_cast<void *>(static_cast<const void *>(t));     \
        return t_;                                                      \
      }                                                                 \
      static T unwrap(T_ t_) {                                          \
        return static_cast<T>(t_.impl);                                 \
      }                                                                 \
      static const T unwrap_const(const T_ t_) {                        \
        return static_cast<const T>(t_.impl);                           \
      }

      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_runtime_t, Runtime *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_context_t, CContext *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_domain_point_iterator_t, Domain::DomainPointIterator *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_coloring_t, Coloring *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_domain_coloring_t, DomainColoring *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_point_coloring_t, PointColoring *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_domain_point_coloring_t, DomainPointColoring *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_multi_domain_point_coloring_t, MultiDomainPointColoring *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_index_space_allocator_t, IndexSpaceAllocator *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_field_allocator_t, FieldAllocator *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_argument_map_t, ArgumentMap *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_predicate_t, Predicate *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_future_t, Future *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_future_map_t, FutureMap *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_task_launcher_t, TaskLauncher *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_index_launcher_t, IndexLauncher *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_inline_launcher_t, InlineLauncher *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_copy_launcher_t, CopyLauncher *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_acquire_launcher_t, AcquireLauncher *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_release_launcher_t, ReleaseLauncher *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_must_epoch_launcher_t, MustEpochLauncher *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_physical_region_t, PhysicalRegion *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_accessor_generic_t, AccessorGeneric *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_accessor_array_t, AccessorArray *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_index_iterator_t, IndexIterator *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_task_t, Task *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_inline_t, InlineMapping *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_mappable_t, Mappable *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_region_requirement_t , RegionRequirement *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_machine_t, Machine *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_mapper_t, Mapping::Mapper *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_processor_query_t, Machine::ProcessorQuery *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_memory_query_t, Machine::MemoryQuery *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_machine_query_interface_t,
                         Mapping::Utilities::MachineQueryInterface *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_default_mapper_t, Mapping::DefaultMapper *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_execution_constraint_set_t, ExecutionConstraintSet *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_layout_constraint_set_t, LayoutConstraintSet *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_task_layout_constraint_set_t, TaskLayoutConstraintSet *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_map_task_input_t, Mapping::Mapper::MapTaskInput *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_map_task_output_t, Mapping::Mapper::MapTaskOutput *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_slice_task_output_t, Mapping::Mapper::SliceTaskOutput *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_physical_instance_t, Mapping::PhysicalInstance *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_mapper_runtime_t, Mapping::MapperRuntime *);
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_mapper_context_t, Mapping::MapperContext);
      typedef std::map<FieldID, const char *> FieldMap;
      NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER(legion_field_map_t, FieldMap *);
#undef NEW_OPAQUE_WRAPPER

      static legion_ptr_t
      wrap(ptr_t ptr)
      {
        legion_ptr_t ptr_;
        ptr_.value = ptr.value;
        return ptr_;
      }

      static ptr_t
      unwrap(legion_ptr_t ptr_)
      {
        ptr_t ptr;
        ptr.value = ptr_.value;
        return ptr;
      }

#define NEW_POINT_WRAPPER(T_, T, DIM)                \
      static T_ wrap(T t) {                          \
        T_ t_;                                       \
        std::copy(t.x, t.x + DIM, t_.x);             \
        return t_;                                   \
      }                                              \
      static T unwrap(T_ t_) {                       \
        T t(t_.x);                                   \
        return t;                                    \
      }

      NEW_POINT_WRAPPER(legion_point_1d_t, Point<1>, 1);
      NEW_POINT_WRAPPER(legion_point_2d_t, Point<2>, 2);
      NEW_POINT_WRAPPER(legion_point_3d_t, Point<3>, 3);
#undef NEW_POINT_WRAPPER

#define NEW_RECT_WRAPPER(T_, T)                         \
      static T_ wrap(T t) {                             \
        T_ t_;                                          \
        t_.lo = wrap(t.lo);                             \
        t_.hi = wrap(t.hi);                             \
        return t_;                                      \
      }                                                 \
      static T unwrap(T_ t_) {                          \
        T t(unwrap(t_.lo), unwrap(t_.hi));              \
        return t;                                       \
      }

      NEW_RECT_WRAPPER(legion_rect_1d_t, Rect<1>);
      NEW_RECT_WRAPPER(legion_rect_2d_t, Rect<2>);
      NEW_RECT_WRAPPER(legion_rect_3d_t, Rect<3>);
#undef NEW_RECT_WRAPPER

#define NEW_BLOCKIFY_WRAPPER(T_, T)                     \
      static T unwrap(T_ t_) {                          \
        T t(unwrap(t_.block_size), unwrap(t_.offset));  \
        return t;                                       \
      }

      NEW_BLOCKIFY_WRAPPER(legion_blockify_1d_t, Blockify<1>);
      NEW_BLOCKIFY_WRAPPER(legion_blockify_2d_t, Blockify<2>);
      NEW_BLOCKIFY_WRAPPER(legion_blockify_3d_t, Blockify<3>);
#undef NEW_RECT_WRAPPER
      static legion_domain_t
      wrap(Domain domain) {
        legion_domain_t domain_;
        domain_.is_id = domain.is_id;
        domain_.dim = domain.dim;
        std::copy(domain.rect_data, domain.rect_data + 2 * MAX_RECT_DIM, domain_.rect_data);
        return domain_;
      }

      static Domain
      unwrap(legion_domain_t domain_) {
        Domain domain;
        domain.is_id = domain_.is_id;
        domain.dim = domain_.dim;
        std::copy(domain_.rect_data, domain_.rect_data + 2 * MAX_RECT_DIM, domain.rect_data);
        return domain;
      }

      static legion_domain_point_t
      wrap(DomainPoint dp) {
        legion_domain_point_t dp_;
        dp_.dim = dp.dim;
        std::copy(dp.point_data, dp.point_data + MAX_POINT_DIM, dp_.point_data);
        return dp_;
      }

      static DomainPoint
      unwrap(legion_domain_point_t dp_) {
        DomainPoint dp;
        dp.dim = dp_.dim;
        std::copy(dp_.point_data, dp_.point_data + MAX_POINT_DIM, dp.point_data);
        return dp;
      }

      static legion_index_space_t
      wrap(IndexSpace is)
      {
        legion_index_space_t is_;
        is_.id = is.id;
        is_.tid = is.tid;
        return is_;
      }

      static IndexSpace
      unwrap(legion_index_space_t is_)
      {
        IndexSpace is;
        is.id = is_.id;
        is.tid = is_.tid;
        return is;
      }

      static legion_index_partition_t
      wrap(IndexPartition ip)
      {
        legion_index_partition_t ip_;
        ip_.id = ip.id;
        ip_.tid = ip.tid;
        return ip_;
      }

      static IndexPartition
      unwrap(legion_index_partition_t ip_)
      {
        IndexPartition ip;
        ip.id = ip_.id;
        ip.tid = ip_.tid;
        return ip;
      }

      static legion_index_allocator_t
      wrap(IndexAllocator allocator)
      {
        legion_index_allocator_t allocator_;
        allocator_.index_space = wrap(allocator.index_space);
        allocator_.allocator = wrap(allocator.allocator);
        return allocator_;
      }

      static IndexAllocator
      unwrap(legion_index_allocator_t allocator_)
      {
        IndexAllocator allocator(unwrap(allocator_.index_space),
                                 unwrap(allocator_.allocator));
        return allocator;
      }

      static legion_field_space_t
      wrap(FieldSpace fs)
      {
        legion_field_space_t fs_;
        fs_.id = fs.id;
        return fs_;
      }

      static FieldSpace
      unwrap(legion_field_space_t fs_)
      {
        FieldSpace fs(fs_.id);
        return fs;
      }

      static legion_logical_region_t
      wrap(LogicalRegion r)
      {
        legion_logical_region_t r_;
        r_.tree_id = r.tree_id;
        r_.index_space = wrap(r.index_space);
        r_.field_space = wrap(r.field_space);
        return r_;
      }

      static LogicalRegion
      unwrap(legion_logical_region_t r_)
      {
        LogicalRegion r(r_.tree_id,
                        unwrap(r_.index_space),
                        unwrap(r_.field_space));
        return r;
      }

      static legion_logical_partition_t
      wrap(LogicalPartition r)
      {
        legion_logical_partition_t r_;
        r_.tree_id = r.tree_id;
        r_.index_partition = wrap(r.index_partition);
        r_.field_space = wrap(r.field_space);
        return r_;
      }

      static LogicalPartition
      unwrap(legion_logical_partition_t r_)
      {
        LogicalPartition r(r_.tree_id,
                           unwrap(r_.index_partition),
                           unwrap(r_.field_space));
        return r;
      }

      static legion_task_argument_t
      wrap(TaskArgument arg)
      {
        legion_task_argument_t arg_;
        arg_.args = arg.get_ptr();
        arg_.arglen = arg.get_size();
        return arg_;
      }

      static TaskArgument
      unwrap(legion_task_argument_t arg_)
      {
        return TaskArgument(arg_.args, arg_.arglen);
      }

      static legion_task_result_t
      wrap(TaskResult result)
      {
        legion_task_result_t result_;
        result_.value = malloc(result.value_size);
        assert(result_.value);
        memcpy(result_.value, result.value, result.value_size);
        result_.value_size = result.value_size;
        return result_;
      }

      static TaskResult
      unwrap(legion_task_result_t result_)
      {
        return TaskResult(result_.value, result_.value_size);
      }

      static const legion_byte_offset_t
      wrap(const LegionRuntime::Accessor::ByteOffset offset)
      {
        legion_byte_offset_t offset_;
        offset_.offset = offset.offset;
        return offset_;
      }

      static const LegionRuntime::Accessor::ByteOffset
      unwrap(const legion_byte_offset_t offset_)
      {
        const LegionRuntime::Accessor::ByteOffset offset(offset_.offset);
        return offset;
      }

      static const legion_input_args_t
      wrap_const(const InputArgs arg)
      {
        legion_input_args_t arg_;
        arg_.argv = arg.argv;
        arg_.argc = arg.argc;
        return arg_;
      }

      static const InputArgs
      unwrap_const(const legion_input_args_t args_)
      {
        InputArgs args;
        args.argv = args_.argv;
        args.argc = args_.argc;
        return args;
      }

      static legion_task_config_options_t
      wrap(TaskConfigOptions options)
      {
        legion_task_config_options_t options_;
        options_.leaf = options.leaf;
        options_.inner = options.inner;
        options_.idempotent = options.idempotent;
        return options_;
      }

      static TaskConfigOptions
      unwrap(legion_task_config_options_t options_)
      {
        TaskConfigOptions options(options_.leaf,
                                  options_.inner,
                                  options_.idempotent);
        return options;
      }

      static legion_processor_t
      wrap(Processor proc)
      {
        legion_processor_t proc_;
        proc_.id = proc.id;
        return proc_;
      }

      static Processor
      unwrap(legion_processor_t proc_)
      {
        Processor proc;
        proc.id = proc_.id;
        return proc;
      }

      static legion_processor_kind_t
      wrap(Processor::Kind options)
      {
        return static_cast<legion_processor_kind_t>(options);
      }

      static Processor::Kind
      unwrap(legion_processor_kind_t options_)
      {
        return static_cast<Processor::Kind>(options_);
      }

      static legion_memory_t
      wrap(Memory mem)
      {
        legion_memory_t mem_;
        mem_.id = mem.id;
        return mem_;
      }

      static Memory
      unwrap(legion_memory_t mem_)
      {
        Memory mem;
        mem.id = mem_.id;
        return mem;
      }

      static legion_memory_kind_t
      wrap(Memory::Kind options)
      {
        return static_cast<legion_memory_kind_t>(options);
      }

      static Memory::Kind
      unwrap(legion_memory_kind_t options_)
      {
        return static_cast<Memory::Kind>(options_);
      }

      static legion_task_slice_t
      wrap(Mapping::Mapper::TaskSlice task_slice) {
        legion_task_slice_t task_slice_;
        task_slice_.domain = wrap(task_slice.domain);
        task_slice_.proc = wrap(task_slice.proc);
        task_slice_.recurse = task_slice.recurse;
        task_slice_.stealable = task_slice.stealable;
        return task_slice_;
      }

      static Mapping::Mapper::TaskSlice
      unwrap(legion_task_slice_t task_slice_) {
        Mapping::Mapper::TaskSlice task_slice;
            task_slice.domain = unwrap(task_slice_.domain);
            task_slice.proc = unwrap(task_slice_.proc);
            task_slice.recurse = task_slice_.recurse;
            task_slice.stealable = task_slice_.stealable;
        return task_slice;
      }

      static legion_phase_barrier_t
      wrap(PhaseBarrier barrier) {
        legion_phase_barrier_t barrier_;
        barrier_.id = barrier.get_barrier().id;
        barrier_.timestamp = barrier.get_barrier().timestamp;
        return barrier_;
      }

      static PhaseBarrier
      unwrap(legion_phase_barrier_t barrier_) {
        PhaseBarrier barrier;
        barrier.phase_barrier.id = barrier_.id;
        barrier.phase_barrier.timestamp = barrier_.timestamp;
        return barrier;
      }

      static legion_dynamic_collective_t
      wrap(DynamicCollective collective) {
        legion_dynamic_collective_t collective_;
        collective_.id = collective.get_barrier().id;
        collective_.timestamp = collective.get_barrier().timestamp;
        collective_.redop = collective.redop;
        return collective_;
      }

      static DynamicCollective
      unwrap(legion_dynamic_collective_t collective_) {
        DynamicCollective collective;
        collective.phase_barrier.id = collective_.id;
        collective.phase_barrier.timestamp = collective_.timestamp;
        collective.redop = collective_.redop;
        return collective;
      }

      static legion_task_options_t
      wrap(Mapping::Mapper::TaskOptions& options) {
        legion_task_options_t options_;
        options_.initial_proc = CObjectWrapper::wrap(options.initial_proc);
        options_.inline_task = options.inline_task;
        options_.stealable = options.stealable;
        options_.map_locally = options.map_locally;
        return options_;
      }

      static Mapping::Mapper::TaskOptions
      unwrap(legion_task_options_t& options_) {
        Mapping::Mapper::TaskOptions options;
        options.initial_proc = CObjectWrapper::unwrap(options_.initial_proc);
        options.inline_task = options_.inline_task;
        options.stealable = options_.stealable;
        options.map_locally = options_.map_locally;
        return options;
      }

      static legion_slice_task_input_t
      wrap(Mapping::Mapper::SliceTaskInput& input) {
        legion_slice_task_input_t input_;
        input_.domain = CObjectWrapper::wrap(input.domain);
        return input_;
      }

      static legion_slice_task_input_t
      wrap_const(const Mapping::Mapper::SliceTaskInput& input) {
        legion_slice_task_input_t input_;
        input_.domain = CObjectWrapper::wrap(input.domain);
        return input_;
      }

      static Mapping::Mapper::SliceTaskInput
      unwrap(legion_slice_task_input_t& input_) {
        Mapping::Mapper::SliceTaskInput input;
        input.domain = CObjectWrapper::unwrap(input_.domain);
        return input;
      }
    };

    class CContext {
    public:
      CContext(Context _ctx)
	: ctx(_ctx)
      {}

      CContext(Context _ctx, const std::vector<PhysicalRegion>& _physical_regions)
	: ctx(_ctx)
	, physical_regions(_physical_regions.size())
      {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < _physical_regions.size(); i++) {
	  physical_regions[i] = CObjectWrapper::wrap_const(&_physical_regions[i]);
	}
      }

      ~CContext(void)
      {}

      Context context(void) const
      {
	return ctx;
      }

      const legion_physical_region_t *regions(void) const
      {
	if(physical_regions.empty())
	  return 0;
	else
	  return &physical_regions[0];
      }

      size_t num_regions(void) const
      {
	return physical_regions.size();
      }

    protected:
      Context ctx;
      std::vector<legion_physical_region_t> physical_regions;
    };

};

#endif // __LEGION_C_UTIL_H__

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Aggregating Multiperiod DCC-GARCH Forecast Covariance Matrices Say I fit a $DCC$-$GARCH(1,1)$ model to a dataset of weekly returns for four assets.
I forecast the covariance matrix for the next month (so four weekly steps ahead). This gives me four $4 \times 4$ covariance matrices, one for each of $t+1$, $t+2$, $t+3$ and $t+4$, where each covariance matrix is of 'weekly' data.
How do I aggregate these four weekly covariance matrices into a single covariance matrix for the forecast month? Is it as simple as just element-wise summing the matrices?:
$$
\widehat{\Sigma}_{t+1, t+4} = \widehat{\Sigma}_{t+1} + \widehat{\Sigma}_{t+2} + \widehat{\Sigma}_{t+3} + \widehat{\Sigma}_{t+4}
$$
In case it matters, the underlying returns are log returns.
Any help is appreciated. Apologies for my lack of knowledge here. Thank you!!
While this isn't really a programming question, here's my code in case it helps.
library(mvtnorm)
library(rmgarch)
library(rugarch)

# make dummy returns
means <- c(0.05, 0.02, 0.08, 0.10)
stdevs <- c(0.10, 0.07, 0.15, 0.25)
returns <- rmvnorm(1000, mean=means, sigma=diag(stdevs^2))

# GARCH(1,1) Specification
garch_spec <- ugarchspec(
    variance.model=list(model="fGARCH", submodel = "GARCH", garchOrder=c(1, 1)),
    mean.model=list(armaOrder=c(0, 0), include.mean=F),
    distribution.model="norm"
)

# create multispec--a set of GARCH(1,1) specifications on each series
ms <- multispec(replicate(ncol(returns), garch_spec))

# turn multispec into a DCC spec
dcc_spec <- dccspec(ms)

# fit the DCC spec to returns
dcc_fit <- dccfit(dcc_spec, returns)

# 1 month forecast (i.e 4 weeks ahead)
month_forecast <- dccforecast(dcc_fit, n.ahead=4)

# variance covariance matrices, one for each forecast week
vcvs <- rcov(month_forecast)[[1]]

### This produces the below 4 covariance matrices:
, , T+1

            Asset_1      Asset_2      Asset_3      Asset_4
Asset_1 0.013089899 0.0011057502 0.0024347432 0.0019650439
Asset_2 0.001105750 0.0053824805 0.0005703209 0.0003636192
Asset_3 0.002434743 0.0005703209 0.0284183605 0.0062753705
Asset_4 0.001965044 0.0003636192 0.0062753705 0.0664394251

, , T+2

            Asset_1      Asset_2      Asset_3      Asset_4
Asset_1 0.013089760 0.0011048251 0.0024324506 0.0019626789
Asset_2 0.001104825 0.0053825861 0.0005702948 0.0003628085
Asset_3 0.002432451 0.0005702948 0.0284176578 0.0062705168
Asset_4 0.001962679 0.0003628085 0.0062705168 0.0664401546

, , T+3

            Asset_1      Asset_2      Asset_3      Asset_4
Asset_1 0.013089622 0.0011039007 0.0024301600 0.0019603159
Asset_2 0.001103901 0.0053826916 0.0005702688 0.0003619984
Asset_3 0.002430160 0.0005702688 0.0284169559 0.0062656673
Asset_4 0.001960316 0.0003619984 0.0062656673 0.0664408834

, , T+4

            Asset_1      Asset_2      Asset_3     Asset_4
Asset_1 0.013089484 0.0011029771 0.0024278715 0.001957955
Asset_2 0.001102977 0.0053827970 0.0005702427 0.000361189
Asset_3 0.002427872 0.0005702427 0.0284162546 0.006260822
Asset_4 0.001957955 0.0003611890 0.0062608221 0.066441611
###

# aggregate into single 1-month variance covariance matrix
aggregated_vcv <- rowSums(vcvs, dims = 2) # Is this allowed???

### This produces the below:
            Asset_1     Asset_2     Asset_3     Asset_4
Asset_1 0.052358766 0.004417453 0.009725225 0.007845994
Asset_2 0.004417453 0.021530555 0.002281127 0.001449615
Asset_3 0.009725225 0.002281127 0.113669229 0.025072377
Asset_4 0.007845994 0.001449615 0.025072377 0.265762074
###

A:
Is it as simple as just element-wise summing the matrices?:

$$
\widehat{\Sigma}_{t+1, t+4} = \widehat{\Sigma}_{t+1} + \widehat{\Sigma}_{t+2} + \widehat{\Sigma}_{t+3} + \widehat{\Sigma}_{t+4}
$$
Yes, I think it is that simple. This is because the standardized innovations $z$ are assumed to be i.i.d. and thus uncorrelated across time: $\rho(z_{i,s},z_{j,t})=0$ for all pairs $(i, j)$ whenever $s\neq t$. (Here, ${i, j}$ denote the assets and $s,t$ denote time periods / time points.) The unstandardized innovations are still conditionally uncorrelated because the conditional variances of each innovation are a function of the conditioning information and so can be treated as multiplicative constants. I think that is sufficient to prove the equality you have proposed above.

A: I was able to find a closed form solution in a paper from Hlouskova, Schmidheiny and Wagner (2009) entitled "Multistep predictions for multivariate GARCH models: Closed form solution and the value for portfolio management". The paper provides a solution for the aggregated multi-step-ahead covariance matrix from a multivariate GARCH forecast with variable ARMA orders.
Edit: here's the summary of Hlouskova et. al. (2009)'s findings:
Let's start with a vector ARMA(p, q) model with GARCH errors.
$$
r_t = \mu + \sum_{j=1}^p A_j r_{t-j} + \sum_{k=1}^q B_k \epsilon_{t-k} + \epsilon_t
$$
where $r_t$, $c$ and $\epsilon_t$ are $N \times 1 $ vectors and $A_j$ and $B_k$ are $N \times N$ diagonal matrices.
The authors re-write the mean model in its companion form:
$$
\begin{pmatrix}
r_t \\
r_{t-1} \\
\vdots \\
r_{t-p+1} \\
\epsilon_t \\
\epsilon_{t-1} \\
\vdots \\
\epsilon_{t-q+1} \\
\end{pmatrix}
= \begin{pmatrix}
c \\
0 \\
\vdots \\
0 \\
0 \\
0 \\
\vdots \\
0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
+
\begin{pmatrix}
A_1 & & \ldots  & & A_p & B_1 & \ldots & & B_q \\
I & 0 & \ldots & & 0 & 0  & \ldots & & 0 \\
\vdots & & \ldots & & \vdots  & \vdots & \vdots& & \vdots \\
0 & & \ldots & I & 0 & 0  &  \ldots & & 0 \\
0 & & \ldots &  & 0 & 0 & \ldots & & 0 \\
0 & & \ldots &  & 0 & I & \ldots & & 0 \\
\vdots & & \ldots & & \vdots & \vdots & \dots & & \vdots \\
0 & & \ldots & & 0 & 0 & \ldots & I & 0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
r_{t-1} \\
r_{t-2} \\
\vdots \\
r_{t-p} \\
\epsilon_{t-1} \\
\epsilon_{t-2} \\
\vdots \\
\epsilon_{t-q} \\
\end{pmatrix}
+
\begin{pmatrix}
\epsilon_t \\
0 \\
\vdots \\
0 \\
\epsilon_t \\
0 \\
\vdots \\
0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
$$
or,
$$
R_t = K_1 c + \Phi R_{t-1} + K \epsilon_t
$$
where $K_i \, i \in 1, 2, \ldots ,(p + q)$ is a block matrix of $0_{N \times N}$ submatrices except the $i$-th submatrix which is $I$, and $K = K_1 + K_{p+1}$.
Assume we forecast $h$ steps ahead, yielding $h$ mean vectors and $h$ covariance matrices. The $h$-step cumulative forecast means are simply:
$$
r_{[t+1; t+h]} = r_{t+1} + r_{t+2} + \cdots + r_{t+h}
$$
Let $\Sigma_{t+i}$ represent the $i$-th step ahead forecast of the covariance matrix. The $h$-step cumulative covariance matrix is:
$$
Var(r_{[t+1;t+h]}) = K_1' \sum_{i=1}^h \left[ \sum_{k=0}^{i-1} \Phi^k K \Sigma_{t+i-k} (\Phi^k K)' \right] K_1 + K_1' \sum_{i,j=1; i \neq j}^h \left[ \sum_{k = \max\{0, i-j \}}^{i-1} \Phi^k K \Sigma_{t+i-k}( \Phi^{j-i+k} K)' \right] K_1
$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There's no reason to put up with gaps in your teeth or with teeth that are stained, badly shaped or crooked. A veneer placed on top of your teeth can correct nature's mistake or the results of an injury and help you have a beautiful smile. Veneers are thin, custom-made shells crafted of tooth-colored materials designed to cover the front side.
A crown ("cap") is a tooth-like covering placed over a carefully prepared pre-existing tooth. Crowns serve many functions such as strengthen, restore or improve the appareance of your natural tooth. A bridge is a custom device anchored to neighboring teeth that replaces one or more missing teeth. When a lost tooth is replaced with bridgework, the teeth on either side of the missing one are prepared as crowns to serve as abutments to hold the prosthetic (replacement) tooth in place.
Dr. Pardo is an expert in Edondontics (Root Canals), which is the treatment needed when a tooth's pulp becomes infected or irreversibly inflamed. The pulp contains nerves and provides nutrients to the tooth. This pulp reaches all the way down to the tooth's root; so when the pulp is infected, the tooth may be at risk of dying and root canal must be performed to avoid this. The root canal is the elimination of this infected pulp through a series of mechanical treatment. After the pulp is removed, the tooth most likely will need a crown since it has lost the nutrients from the pulp, hence the strength.
Dentists and patients today have several choices when it comes to selecting materials used to repair missing, worn, damaged or decayed teeth. Modern dental materials and techniques increasingly offer new ways to create more pleasing, natural-looking smiles. Still, The strength and durability of traditional dental materials continue to make them useful for situations where restored teeth must withstand extreme forces that result from chewing, such as in the back of the mouth. To find out which type is right for you, contact our office.
Invisalign takes a modern approach to straightening teeth, using custom-made series of aligners created for you and only you. These aligner trays are made of smooth, comfortable and virtually invisible plastic that you simply wear over your teeth. Wearing the aligners will gradually and gently shift your teeth into place, based on the exact movement your dentist or orthodontist plans for you. There are no metal brackets to attach and no wires to tighten.
You simply pop in a new set of aligners approximately every two weeks, until your treatment is complete and you achieve the confident smile that you've always wanted. The best part about the whole process is that most people won't even know you you're straightening your teeth.The strength and durability of traditional dental materials continue to make them useful for situations where restored teeth must withstand extreme forces that result from chewing, such as in the back of the mouth. To find out which type is right for you, contact our office.
A dental implant is a surgical component that interfaces with the bone of the jaw to support a dental prosthesis such as a crown, bridge, denture. The basis for modern dental implants is a biologic process called osseointegration where materials, such as titanium, form an intimate bond to bone. The implant is first placed, so that it is likely to osseointegrate, then a dental prosthetic is added. A variable amount of healing time is required for osseointegration before either the dental prosthetic (a tooth, bridge or denture) is attached to the implant.


text:
Q: Merging several entities (polyline) into single entity using QGIS I have a vector layer containing road axes (directions) which are each divided into segments. I would like to merge its segments into a single polylines per axis (route) and I am looking for a QGIS tool which allows it to be done with several segments.

A: You can use a virtual layer to merge the segments, using the st_union operator on groups of segments having the same roadid.
Go to the menu Layer > Add Layer > Add/Edit Virtual Layer... and enter the following query. Replace the layer name for yours and feel free to add any field you want in the select
select roadid, st_union(geometry) as geometry
from roads
group by roadid

Here is the source segments and the query

and the result


text:
Q: Not getting the right input from my object variable I did some sleuthing to see if I could find out why my code wasn't working, but I don't entirely understand what I should be looking for!
What's happening is that when a user inputs a guess into the textbox "playerinput" and then hits submit (which runs the game function), my program is outputting "You have guessed too low (). You have 4/3/2/1... guesses."
What's driving me crazy is () is where the guess is supposed to go. It's stuck at 0 for some reason (I think).
Is my code generating a number correctly and calling it correctly?
var NumberGame={
playerinput:document.getElementById("playerinput").value,

computernumber:0,
count:0,
output:document.getElementById("CPUoutput"),
guess:document.getElementById("guessbutton"),
randomnumber: function(){
 NumberGame.computernumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 20) + 1;
return NumberGame.computernumber;
    }

}

function newgame() {
    window.alert("A new game has begun. Your guesses have been reset to 0, and the new number has been generated.");
    location.reload();
    }

function game() {

if (NumberGame.count===0){
    NumberGame.computernumber=NumberGame.randomnumber();
}

    if (NumberGame.playerinput < NumberGame.computernumber)
{
    NumberGame.count++;
    NumberGame.output.innerHTML = "You have guessed too low. (" + NumberGame.playerinput + ") You have used up " + NumberGame.count + " guesses.";
}
    else if (NumberGame.playerinput > NumberGame.computernumber)
{
   NumberGame.count++;
    NumberGame.output.innerHTML = "You have guessed too high. (" + NumberGame.playerinput + ") You have used up " + NumberGame.count + " guesses.";

}
    else if (NumberGame.playerinput === NumberGame.computernumber)
{
    NumberGame.output.innerHTML = "
You Win!
";
        newgame();

}
    if (NumberGame.count === 5)
{
    NumberGame.output.innerHTML = "
You Lose!
";
    newgame();

}

}

UPDATED: Here is the HTML, by request. Going to try some of your suggestions. Couple things I didn't understand though, will require more research.
<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>KevinPietteProject1</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mycss.css">

-- Number Guessing Game --

Guess the number between 1-20.

<input id="playerinput" type="text" maxlength="2" autofocus size="4" />

<input type="button" id="guessbutton" value="Guess!" onClick="game()"/>

<input type="button" value="New Game" onclick="newgame();" />

    The object of the game is to guess what number the computer is thinking of.
 The number is always between 1 and 20. Everytime you win, lose, or hit the new game button, a new number is generated.
 Every new game, you begin with 5 guesses.

A: You can use
onkeyup=""

In your html
onkeyup="NumberGame.playerinput = this.value"

I do not see when you call NumberGame at all, but if you only run game() on submit, you should encorporate NumberGame into the function you call!
Or try to write
playerinput : function() {return parseInt(document.getElementById("playerinput").value),10}();

then the value gets updated everytime you call
NumberGame.playerinput

A: When you define NumberGame, you have this:
playerinput:document.getElementById("playerinput").value,

This sets player input to the value at the time you are defining NumberGame. This value will never change. You are basically assigning a string to playerInput. I assume this isn't what you wanted.
What you need to do is to grab the new input value every time you call your game() function. One thing you can do is just define playerinput everytime you call game()
function game() {
    NumberGame.playerinput = parseInt(document.getElementById("playerinput").value)


At Washington State University Tri-Cities, the Office of Student Life's initiatives are focused on developing students holistically by creating dynamically engaging, out-of-the-classroom experiences, co-curricular programs, and assisting in their transition as they acclimate to the campus community.
The Office of Student Life provides outside of the classroom programming and events that focus on student engagement and involvement on campus to help enrich the lives of our students. Student Life holds events and programs for Week of Welcome (the first week of classes), Dead Week (the week before finals week), on-campus service opportunities, late night programming, and much more! Check for emails and posters on campus, or visit the campus calendar to find out when our programs are happening!
Follow the Office of Student Life on Facebook to learn what fun activities we have planned for this semester!
Join CougSync, our engagement platform, to see what is happening on campus and stay connected with clubs!
Are you a current WSU Tri-Cities student who is interested in joining a club? Discover all of our clubs to find one that interests you! Don't see one that catches your eye? Then start your own club today! You only need an idea, three other degree seeking students and a club advisor.
Questions? Contact us: tricities.studentlife@wsu.edu or 509-372-7477, or stop by the SUB in 109.


text:
YA Night
Every week on Tuesday until Oct 24, 2023 from 7:00p to 9:00p
Except on Sep 5th, 2023 , Sep 12th, 2023
Organizer: Hannah Miller (HSY & YA Pastor)
If you are between the ages of 18 to 30, you are invited to join us at all of our Young Adult events. Every Tuesday, we meet in The Warehouse (the small building on our property). Our café is open at 7:00 PM, which includes coffee, tea, and other refreshments.
Our service starts at 7:15 PM, which includes a time of worship, prayer, teaching, a lot of community time, and of course, coffee! We also have special events occasionally throughout the year, such as retreats, conferences and concerts. Our vision for Young Adults is Growth, Community and Outreach.
Join us at any time, we look forward to meeting you!
Warehouse (Upper Area)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Women Behind the First Black Music Magazine
In the late 19th century, "The Musical Messenger" had a message to send.
by Ashawnta Jackson March 28, 2022
Musician and educator Amelia Tilghman founded The Musical Messenger in 1886. Jonathan Conda for Atlas Obscura
Telling Her Story
31 days of women who changed the world
Today, so far as anyone knows, there are just two surviving issues of The Musical Messenger. It was and is a groundbreaking publication that ran from 1886 to 1891—and by all accounts the very first Black music magazine. All that stands between remembering and forgetting are just those two issues in the Library of Congress, one four pages, the other three. Whole movements, plans, and ideas rest on those seven pages from 1889. History isn't a straight line, but it isn't a stretch to link The Musical Messenger to any number of Black-owned and -run publications. Ebony. Freedomways. Vibe. Each is a link in a chain that was started by Amelia Tilghman, a musician and educator from Washington, D.C.
Though Tilghman's magazine was the first of its kind, it was hardly the first example of Black journalism in America. Before emancipation, there were publications such as Freedom's Journal—the first Black-owned and -operated newspaper, launched in 1827—and The Anglo-African, which represented both news and a voice of the abolitionist movement. "Newspapers held a very important role in Black communities," says New York University historian Elizabeth McHenry, who specializes in Black print culture. "[They made] readers feel like they were in community together."
There was art coverage in those pages, too, which may seem unusual at first glance. When freedom itself was the primary subject, how could music or art feel vital and important? "People accused Black people of having no culture, and devalued Black art forms," says McHenry. "So claiming and showing that they appreciated music was an important means of claiming a space in American society." An article in an 1827 issue of Freedom's Journal, for example, highlighted the intersection of music and humanity in a review of a concert of sacred music: "The ignorant and prejudiced may laugh at the idea of a Concert of Sacred Music being got up by Africans. We know that their laugh is the laugh of fools, whose derision shows their ignorance, and whose mockery their folly."
The Planet newspaper was founded in 1882 by 13 formerly enslaved people in Richmond, Virginia. The paper gained a reputation as a staunch voice against racial injustice. Library of Congress
In addition to reviews, papers such as Freedom's Journal also contained ads for concerts, music schools, and sheet music. Music has always been an important part of Black life, and its inclusion in the newspapers showed readers, both Black and white, that freedom could take many forms. Of course, most important was actual freedom from the horrors of slavery and, later, the restraints of segregation. But the freedom to love art, to sing and play beautiful music, to sit for hours listening to notes floating above—that was freedom, too, the freedom to experience joy. In The North Star, a paper founded by Fredrick Douglass, a concert review explained: "Now, is it not too bad that 'colored folks' should dare to love music, and to have the same emotions common to white folks? … Ought colored people be allowed to feel just like white folks? … Ought not a colored man to be worth two hundred and fifty dollars, in real estate, before he ventures to love music equally with white American citizens?"
This is the world Tilghman inherited, a world that understood that, in its own way, art was humanity. "To be associated with the arts, with literature and with intellectual and political discussion, was a way of claiming that world as their own," McHenry says. Tilghman was born in 1856 to a middle-class family in Washington, D.C., and graduated from Howard University in 1870 with a teaching degree. She was also well known for her musical work. A profile of her in the 1893 book Noted Negro Women and Their Triumphs, praised her "vocal talent," which "has at all times won for her the greatest praise both from public and press." After she toured throughout New York State, local press dubbed her "The Queen of Song." She later performed with the Washington Harmonic Musical Concert Troupe as lead soprano. An accident curtailed her music career, but her second act was just around the corner and a bit farther south.
Tilghman moved to Montgomery, Alabama, and started teaching, and occasionally still performing. She also moved in circles that had freedom on their minds. It was in Alabama that she started The Musical Messenger, though, at some point, operations moved to Washington, D.C. The move to journalism didn't come out of nowhere; Tilghman was a seasoned writer, having served as a correspondent for Our Women and Children, a magazine published from 1888 to 1891, which was a venue for many Black women journalists at the time, including Ida B. Wells. But as any dedicated music nerd knows, when you love something so much, it's never far from your mind. The Musical Messenger was a way to share that love, and her love for Black people. The magazine had two purposes: to provide the musical news of the day, and to advocate for equality. The pages of The Musical Messenger were a reflection of Tilghman herself, and that extended to the paper's staff.
The first page of the May 1889 edition of The Musical Messenger. NewsBank/Readex
The masthead of The Musical Messenger is a thrilling thing. The two boldest names were women. Tilghman held the lead role as editor alongside Lucy Bragg Adams as associate editor. Adams was every bit as accomplished as Tilghman, a noted musician, composer, and writer, with work appearing in the A.M.E. Review and, like Tilghman, Our Women and Children, among other publications. She had come from a prominent Black family, and her brother, George, was also a well-known journalist and activist. Music historian Juanita Karpf speculated in a 1997 article for International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music, "It seems plausible that the addition of the Bragg family name to the masthead of the Musical Messenger, an unimpeachable and enduring name in the African American community of her day, ultimately contributed to the longevity of the paper." The addition of staff writer Victoria Earle Matthews, another prominent journalist and activist of the era, also signaled that the paper was concerned with more than songs and performers.
A reader, or better yet a subscriber ($1.00 per year), of The Musical Messenger could expect to read about the major goings-on in the music community—performance schedules, concert reviews, tips on music instruction—along with features on historic moments in music, such as the role of music during wartime and short biographies of composers such as George Frideric Handel and Joseph Haydn. Other articles were pointedly and explicitly about politics and race. Some of these definitely leaned more toward shaming than uplift, such as "Colored Loafers: To the Young Colored Men of America," which accused jobless Black men of "sinking the race." Others felt a little softer, gentler.
An untitled article in the July 1889 issue encouraged readers to keep moving forward, to keep striving, no matter the odds. "The man or woman who stumbles and yet does not fall, will make better headway for himself and humanity," it read. Jokes sat alongside prayers and obituaries and a column called "A Musical Mugwump" that complained about "the well-meaning but foolish young persons" who Italianized their names just because "they expect to sing in Italian opera." It was never one thing, but rather a reflection of all of the many ways that Black people could express themselves and reclaim their history and culture.
The Fisk Jubilee Singers are a Black a cappella ensemble from Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. It was founded in 1871, has toured all over the world, and continues to perform to this day. Picture Ipswich
Black music at the time, and for decades afterward, often erased Black people. White listeners then loved the sounds of spirituals and folk, but needed it to come in the right package. That often meant blackface. Black composers were working in the late 1800s to early 1900s, but they were often relegated to producing music that sold, and that was minstrelsy, caricatures and stereotypes set to music. The Musical Messenger was what it looked like to push back against that by highlighting singers, musicians, and composers who rejected it.
There was nothing like The Musical Messenger before that moment. "People have pointed to the richness of segregated black communities, rather than only lamenting the fact of segregation," says McHenry. "Black newspapers have a long history of bringing people together, speaking to and for them, [and] establishing community norms." The Musical Messenger was, in its way, forming a community around music, not so different from fans who dance shoulder to shoulder in sweaty clubs, record collectors digging for sonic gold, or music lovers poring over liner notes. From sheet music to the ghostly notes on a worn 78 to the clarity of digital music, every note is a plea to be heard. Tilghman heard her people, and wanted the nation to hear them, too.
A Botanical Mystery Solved, After 146 Years
How a young illustrator's attention to detail—and a determined Victorian woman's legacy—led to the discovery of a new species in an old painting.
newspaperswomen's historyblack historywomenmusichistory
The Woman Who Made Black Traditions a Vital Part of Music Education
Singer Bessie Jones is the reason so many American children know the folk songs of African and Gullah cultures.
Sara Mellas June 3, 2022
Podcast: Kulning
Join us for a daily celebration of the world's most wondrous, unexpected, even strange places.
The Podcast Team March 25, 2022
The Black Woman Who Didn't Just Open Doors—She Moved Them
Rosa Slade Gragg wouldn't let a racist restrictive covenant stand in the way of the Detroit Association of Colored Women's Clubs.
Carole Rosenblat March 24, 2022
Elizabeth Freeman Demanded Her Freedom—and Helped End Slavery in Massachusetts
A monument to the formerly enslaved woman will soon stand in the town she called home.
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Novus Ordo Seclorum: 14 Places to Unearth Masonic Secrets
Your best bets for gaining insight into the real history of Freemasonry.
Kavya Ram Mohan July 6, 2017
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Lightning rods, hidden hatches, and more.
Elliot Carter June 5, 2017
When Stairs and Slides Are Hiding in Plain Sight
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In a frying pan, crumble the Italian sausage until completely cooked. Remove two tablespoons of the grease, leaving the rest with the sausage.
Add the onions and garlic; saute until the onions are translucent.
Remove the sausage mixture from the frying pan and transfer into a saucepan.
Add in the beef stock, diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, zucchini, and carrots. Stir the ingredients together.
Add in dried basil, dried oregano, salt and pepper to taste. Stir.
Allow it to simmer on medium heat for 45-60 minutes.
Add the tortellini into the soup and allow it to simmer until they are tender, about 8-10 minutes.
Garnish with Parmesan cheese and serve immediately.
oh my word that looks delicious, I'm going to go on a hunt for the ingredients and try to recreate it at the weekend!
Yum! I feel like we're in the never-ending Winter in Seattle so this tortellini soups sounds amazing for our weather!
Thank you!! It's the perfect soup for a chilly day.
i'm not a huge soup person but definitely know and love comfort food and love making BIG batches of my favorites!
This is my favorite 🙂 It's the best on a cold day.
this looks so delicious and such a warming looking meal! Definitely going to try to make this!


text:
Ander Garitano Urkizu (born 26 February 1969) is a Spanish retired professional football left midfielder and manager.

His career as a player – spent almost entirely in La Liga – was solely associated with two clubs, Athletic Bilbao and Zaragoza.

Playing career
Born in Derio, Biscay, Garitano began his professional career at local powerhouse Athletic Bilbao. After appearing twice in the closing stages of 1987–88 he quickly imposed himself as a first-choice player with good free kick skills, scoring 35 La Liga goals over nine seasons; on 12 March 1988, two weeks after his 19th birthday, he made his official debut, starting in a 5–0 away loss against Real Madrid.

Garitano signed for Real Zaragoza in 1996, and played there until his retirement in six years later. He was still regularly used in the Aragonese side's victorious run in the 2000–01 Copa del Rey, and finally retired the following summer at 33 – Zaragoza suffered top-flight relegation – with more than 500 competitive matches to his credit; from 1986 to 1988 he played 61 games for Athletic Bilbao B, with that team in the Segunda División.

Coaching career
Subsequently, Garitano moved into coaching, first taking charge of Zaragoza's youth teams. In mid-January 2008 he replaced the dismissed Víctor Fernández, first appearing in a Spanish Cup round-of-16 tie against Racing de Santander, a 4–2 loss (5–3 on aggregate).

Just two days after his only league game, a 3–1 home win over Real Murcia, Garitano quit the job, quoting a lack of commitment. The club would have a further two managers until the end of the campaign, which ended in relegation.

Garitano returned to Zaragoza for 2008–09, now as a youth coach. However, in late 2009, he moved to the reserves following José Aurelio Gay's promotion to the main squad.

Personal life
Garitano was the younger brother of Angel Garitano (also known as 'Ondarru') who served for many years as assistant to Mané at managerial appointments including Deportivo Alavés and Athletic Bilbao, and the uncle of another footballer (and midfielder), Gaizka Garitano whom, after unsuccessfully graduating from Athletic's academy, went on to represent, among others, neighbours SD Eibar, Real Sociedad and Alavés. They were distantly related to Juan Urquizu who also served Athletic as player and manager. However, the Basque player and manager Asier Garitano is no relation.

Club statistics

Honours
Zaragoza
Copa del Rey: 2000–01

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
People from Greater Bilbao
Sportspeople from Biscay
Spanish footballers
Footballers from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Association football midfielders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Bilbao Athletic footballers
Athletic Bilbao footballers
Real Zaragoza players
Spain youth international footballers
Spain under-21 international footballers
Basque Country international footballers
Spanish football managers
La Liga managers
Tercera División managers
Real Zaragoza managers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: traefik - basic auth for entry point via key/value store I would like to configure basic auth for one of my entry points via key/value store (consul in my case). But traefik seems to ignore the directives.
I tried the following configurations:
traefik/entrypoints/http/auth/basic/users = ["test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/"]

traefik/entrypoints/http/auth/basic/users = test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/

traefik/entrypoints/http/auth/basic/users/0 = test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/

I get the following error
-------------------------------------
/var/log/containers/traefik-c9f95e2d3a98-stdouterr.log
-------------------------------------
2017/06/12 15:58:34 Error loading configuration: 1 error(s) decoding:

* error decoding 'EntryPoints[http].Auth.Basic.Users': illegal base64 data at input byte 5

The toml file seems to be ignored if I specify a key/value store...
What am i doing wrong?

A: I figured out what was wrong.
If you provide a key/value store like consul it will override the configuration in your config file.
The correct key or path to store basic auth users looks like this
traefik/entrypoints/http/auth/basic/users/0

and the value you is the username and the hash separated by a colon
test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/

If you get the above error message regarding base64 encoding you have to escape the $ with $ so your hash looks like $$apr1$$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/


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Liste d'espèces
Selon  :

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

Rissoidae
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text:
Q: Does DynamoDB allow clients to listen for changes? I want to build a real time ordering system where users can see what other people have also ordered in near real time. Will DynamoDB with streams allow me to do this?
As a customer
Given there are multiple people ordering
When another customer submits an order
Then I should see that order appear on my screen in near real time

Therefore, I need some way for each front end client to subscribe to changes, ideally without having to poll for changes every second.
As far as I can tell, streams allows me to trigger an action such as running a Lambda function on any udpate event but will it allow me to emit changes to any client / user that is listening for changes as well?
Some alternative options I have already tried is web sockets and GCP Firebase. Both work for my use case but I want to know if there is a way to acheive this within DynamoDB.

A: Best thing to do here is set up a pub/sub system. There are various ways to achieve this:
DDB -> Streams -> Lambda -> SNS -> Listener
Or via websocket API
DDB -> Streams -> Lambda -> APIGW WebSocket -> Listener
And you can also use Amplify/AppSync PubSub model that allows you to subscribe when you use GraphQL APIs to interact with DynamoDB.
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/appsync/latest/devguide/aws-appsync-real-time-data.html


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text:
Series Archive
Archive Series 2015
I feared my career was over - Peter Siddle
by Sandeep Shivam Sunday 23 August 2015
Peter Siddle celebrating the wicket of Adam Lyth in the second innings of the fifth Ashes Test at The Oval.
©REUTERS / Action Images
Australian pacer Peter Siddle confessed that he thought he might never play for his country again after being overlooked for the first four Tests of the ongoing Ashes series in England.
Having represented Australia in 56 Tests, Siddle admitted feeling lucky when he was finally picked in the XI for The Oval Test.
While expressing disappointment at not being picked for the earlier Ashes Tests, Siddle revealed that he had been quietly preparing himself to be available if required at any stage.
"You always think (it might have been the last chance) a little bit," Siddle said to Sky Sports.
"You just never know (what happens next).
"Trent Bridge, I've had good success there, played county cricket there as well, so I know the ground.
"It was disappointing, but (I thought) 'Keep doing everything I can' and make sure that if my opportunity came that I had to be ready to go. "
Siddle used all his experience and guile to justify his selection in the ongoing Ashes Test match with spells of unwavering consistency.
Apart from claiming the scalps of Adam Lyth twice in the game and Ian Bell in the first innings, Siddle has been extremely economical too with 15 of his 29 overs in the match being maidens.
Siddle reflected with joy on his bowling performances in the match so far and stated that the delay in selecting him hadn't affected his preparations as a pacer.
"I felt pretty good coming into this game.
"It was just nice to get a few wickets, to get the team on a good roll and get us into this position.
"It's nice, the boys have played well.
"I was disappointed it did take so long, but I was ready at any stage."
The 30-year-old's impressive return to the side gives the selectors plenty of things to think about before choosing the side for Australia's future Test assignments.
Australia are scheduled to play two Tests in Bangladesh followed by successive home series against New Zealand and West Indies.
With Ryan Harris' retirement, Siddle may well be the man to provide the needed stability to the bowling attack for the Australians.
Siddle is aware that his strong comeback has strengthened his chances of extending his Test career for Australia.
"You'd hope so, yeah.
"You always want to keep playing for your country.
"It's obviously tough being on the sidelines and carrying drinks ... especially at my age - it's only 30 but you still want to be out there.
"It has been tough, but to get this opportunity and come out here and bowl well (has been pleasing)."
Siddle is just five wickets away from achieving the coveted landmark of 200 Test wickets.
England in trouble after following on
It's the best we have bowled this series - Steve Smith
Australia corner England after a great all-round day
Australia, Peter Siddle, The Ashes
Australia A claim opening T20 against England Women's Academy
Hain and Curran pass 50 as England Lions bat out draw against Australian XI
Previewing the 2019 Ashes Series – England vs Australia
Sophie Molineux Speaks After Unbeaten Half Century
Aaron Finch accepts Australia were outplayed by classy England
Australia vs England head to head - how the two semi-finalists match up
Five talking points as Australia and England go for their place in the final
Live Cricket Streaming July 11 – Australia v England 2nd semi-final, 2019 ICC Cricket World Cup


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Needle free injections market size is expected to witness a significant growth due to rising incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases and increase in the number of communicable disease due to needle injuries. Needle free injection technology eliminates skin puncture hazards and problem of bleeding or bruising. Organizations such as WHO and CDC, Centre for Disease Control as well as groups like Gates Foundation are supporting the development of needle free options for drug delivery that will create immense growth opportunities in future.
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text:
Studies Show Texting While Driving Worse Than Drunk Driving
One of the biggest issues on Beacon Hill's agenda for 2010 is a proposed ban on texting while driving. As Boston Globe columnist Derrick Jackson wrote Jan. 12, the state Legislature is debating the details of a proposed ban, including whether police should be able to pull over drivers they see texting. Similar bills have already died in the Legislature for six years straight, the columnist wrote, despite the fact that nineteen other states, and the city of Boston, have their own bans. And, Jackson wrote, despite the fact that multiple studies have shown that texting while driving is "the hi-tech equivalent of driving drunk."
As a Massachusetts OUI criminal defense attorney, I've seen studies suggesting that Jackson is wrong — because texting while driving is actually more dangerous than driving drunk. In fact, one study, done in Britain, also found that texting while driving was more dangerous than driving under the influence of marijuana. The Royal Automobile Club Foundation, part of the British version of AAA, commissioned a study comparing the driving skills of drivers who were sending or receiving text messages; drunk; or high. Reaction times for the texters in the study dropped by 35%, while legally drunk drivers saw a 12% drop and drugged drivers saw a 21% drop. In addition, texters were a staggering 91% more likely to drift out of their lanes, as compared to 35% for the cannabis smokers.
Plenty of U.S. research has demonstrated that texting and driving is dangerous, but no formal study in the United States has compared texting and driving to drunk driving. However, Car and Driver magazine conducted its own informal study in 2009. On a closed course, the magazine measured reaction times at 35 and 70 mph for reporters who were sober, then texting, then above the 0.08 legal limit. The conclusion: Sending or receiving text messages increased reaction times significantly more than drinking. In fact, the older reporter's reaction time of 0.57 seconds nearly tripled to 1.44 seconds when he was reading text messages and 1.36 seconds when sending them. At 35 mph, that meant traveling an extra 45 and 41 feet before the vehicle was stopped. By comparison, drinking gave him a reaction time of 0.64 seconds and seven feet of extra travel.
Given these results, it's alarming that Massachusetts law penalizes drinking and driving so much more harshly than texting and driving. Reaching the 0.08 legal limit does not leave everyone intoxicated, but the law says you're a drunk driver if you blow that number. And that means you face jail time, a license suspension, thousands of dollars in fines and a social stigma — even if there was no accident, no injury and no property damage. By contrast, Massachusetts law currently provides no penalties whatsoever for texting and driving, despite the evidence that it's even more dangerous. As a Massachusetts drunk driving criminal defense attorney, I hope the Legislature addresses this issue decisively in 2010, in a way that puts operating under the influence in a proper, fair perspective.
If you're charged with operating under the influence or a related crime, you should call the Law Offices of Stephen Neyman as soon as possible for help. From a downtown Boston office, our firm represents clients throughout eastern Massachusetts in criminal OUI cases, RMV license suspensions and related legal matters. For a consultation or to learn more, you can call (617) 263-6800 or send an email through our Web site.
Posted in: Driving Safety
Updated: January 18, 2010 2:03 pm


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Q: Configuring NServiceBus (with RabbitMQ Transport) for exponential backoff on delayed retries I'm trying to configure NServiceBus to implement an exponential backoff scheme for delayed retries. For example:
1) on the first failure retry in 2^0 minutes
2) on the second failure retry in 2^1 minutes
3) on the third failure retry in 2^2 minutes
I found an issue on github that seems to indicate that exponential backoff is possible with a Custom Recoverability Policy, but I am not able to determine from Particular's documentation how to achieve that.
Would anyone be able to point me in the right direction for setting up a Custom Recoverability Policy for NServiceBus that would enable exponential backoff for delayed retries?

A: Edited to incorporate answer from @sabacc's comment
From my research, NServiceBus does not support exponential backoff out of the box. However, the Custom Recoverability policy allows you to configure the number of immediate and delayed retries as well as the time between delayed retries.
Since NServiceBus includes the number of delayed deliveries performed within the ErrorContext object as DelayedDeliveriesPerformed, we can incorporate that into the delay calculation on each delay iteration.
I've provided the code below for the case of a Semi-Transient exception (InternalServerException) that ought to have one immediate and 3 delayed retries in an exponential backoff fashion.
private RecoverabilityAction RetryPolicy(RecoverabilityConfig config, ErrorContext context)
{
    var delay = Math.Pow(10, context.DelayedDeliveriesPerformed);

    var semiTransientConfiguration = new RecoverabilityConfig(
             new ImmediateConfig(1),
             new DelayedConfig(3, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(delay)),
             config.Failed);

    if (context.Exception is InternalServerException)
    {
        var action = DefaultRecoverabilityPolicy.Invoke(
                     semiTransientConfiguration, context);
    }

    return action;
}


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Bond, Frederick Bligh (1864-1945) Institution / Country:England
Bond, Frederick Bligh (1864-1945)
Institution / Country:England
An architect, archaeologist, and psychical researcher, Frederick Bligh Bond is most remembered for his excavations of Glastonbury Abbey in southern England, purportedly with the help of long-dead monks who had occupied the abbey.
In 1908, Bligh Bond, a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects and a member of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, was appointed director of excavations at the abbey by the Church of England. This was a non-paying, seasonal job, one which Bond, who specialized in ecclesiastical architecture, took on as something of a hobby while he continued his regular architectural practice in Bristol.
Bond, a great-grand nephew of Captain William Bligh of Bounty infamy, had developed an interest in psychic matters well before taking on the Glastonbury dig. He was a member of the Society for Psychical Research, and it was through this organization that Bond befriended Capt. John Allen Bartlett and began experimenting with automatic writing. Initially, neither Bond nor Bartlett accepted the popular hypothesis that the phenomenon is the result of discarnates controlling the nervous system of the medium. They looked upon it as a tapping into some universal memory or cosmic consciousness. However, because the communicators seemed to have distinct personalities, Bond changed his mind and accepted the spirit hypothesis.
Anticipating his appointment as director of excavations, Bond wondered if he might get some clues as to where to dig by means of automatic writing. He and Bartlett made their first attempt on November 7, 1907. Bond would place two fingers on the back of Bartlett's hand, a method often employed in automatic writing to add whatever psychic power a "sitter" might have to that of the medium's power. "Can you tell us anything about Glastonbury," Bond put the question to an unseen communicator, or, as he apparently then understood it, to the universe. In clear, eloquent English, the answer to Bond's question came back: "All knowledge is eternal and is available to mental sympathy." After a short interval, the following flowed from the pencil: "I was not in sympathy with monks – I cannot find a monk yet."
Subsequent sittings during November resulted in a hodgepodge of communication, some in English, some in Latin, some in monk Latin, a combination of Old English and Latin. Some were signed, some were not. Johannes Bryant emerged as the chief communicator, speaking in monk Latin, but there was often a change of influence so that it was not always clear as to the identity of the communicator. As a group, the communicators referred to themselves as "The Watchers."
The communications continued regularly over the next few months, sitting number 27 taking place on March 17, 1908. Apparently, because it took the excavators some time to catch up with the initial messages, they were less frequent after that, sitting number 61 coming on December 9, 1912, nearly five years later. Much of the information was very precise, some of it accurate to the inch, but the overlapping construction resulted in confusion at times. Exactly how much the "spirits" helped Bond in his excavations is uncertain, since progress would have been made with more orthodox excavations and there is no way to determine how much, if any, Bond's unorthodox methods varied from the orthodox.
For some 10 years, Bond had kept his mystical sources a secret from the Church of England, sharing it only with a few friends, including Dr. Ralph Adams Cram, a fellow architect who met Bond in 1912 and urged him to write out the whole story for publication, and even offered to do it for him. But Bond rejected the idea, as he believed that it would meet with disfavor by the Church of England.
Bond was eventually persuaded to write a book, and The Gate of Remembrance was published in 1918. As he anticipated, it invited contempt from the Church and scorn from fellow professionals. His reputation was further compromised after the publication of The Hill of Vision in 1919. That book rehashed some of the material in his first book, but went on to include automatic writing produced in sittings with several different mediums concerning World War I and other matters not pertaining to Glastonbury Abbey.
In early 1921, insult was added to injury when a co-director of excavations was appointed by the excavation committee. Because Bond refused to work with the new co-director, he was relieved of his duties in April 1922. As his professional clients had been abandoning him since the publication of his first book, Bond was, by this time, in dire financial straits, a situation compounded by an earlier divorce and lengthy litigation concerning custody of the couple's daughter.
From 1921 to 1926, Bond edited, as a part-time endeavor, Psychic Science, a quarterly publication of the College of Psychic Science. During the 1920s, Bond sat with Geraldine Cummins, who produced the "Cleophas" scripts by automatic writing. As Bond felt he contributed to the scripts by his presence, he sued for a share of the book's revenue. The court found against him.
In August of 1926, Bond left for the United Stated on a lecture tour under the auspices of the American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR). Following the lecture tour, he was persuaded to remain in the U.S. and work with Cram in his Boston architectural practice and to accept a part-time position as educational director for the ASPR as well as editor of the organization's journal. In 1926, Bond became involved in the investigation of the Boston medium, Mina S. Crandon, known as "Margery." Initially, Bond was convinced of the genuineness of Crandon's mediumship and strongly defended her against attacks by some researchers. Later, after evidence indicated that the spirit thumbprint of "Walter," Margery's deceased brother, was fraudulent, Bond condemned Crandon. Since he did not clear his public condemnation of Crandon with the ASPR, he was dismissed by them.
Sometime around 1932, Bond was ordained a priest of the Old Catholic Church of America, an offshoot of the Episcopal Church. Exactly what his priestly duties entailed is not clear, but it apparently did not satisfy Bond, as he returned to England in January 1936. He died in 1945, living his final years in rooming houses in North Wales, most of his time devoted to doing oil sketches of various churches.
Bond died alone, apparently still believing in the imaginative function. "Give it truth to feed upon and it will evolve truth," he ended his first book. "And through the door of truth may enter that which will guide us to a wider knowledge."
Visitors to the Glastonbury Abbey museum and gift shop today will find only scant references to Bond, none of it mentioning his mystical sources.
paranormal, people Bond, Frederick Bligh (1864-1945) Institution / Country:England
Barrett, Sir William F. (February 10, 1844 – May 26, 1925)


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Wolfgang Fritz Haug (born March 23, 1936 in Esslingen am Neckar, Württemberg) was from 1979 till his retirement in 2001 professor of philosophy at the Free University Berlin, where he had also studied romance languages and religious studies and taken his PhD (in 1966 on the topic of "Jean-Paul Sartre and the construction of absurdity").

Career
Haug coined the term commodity aestheticism (Warenästhetik, in German). His Critique of Commodity Aesthetics has been translated into numerous languages. Since 1958, he has also been the chief editor of the journal Das Argument, the successor to the Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung (1933–1941). The latter journal was housed at the Institute of Social Research (founded by Max Horkheimer).  In a sense, Haug thus maintains a direct line from the Frankfurt School. Since 1994, Haug also edits the Historisch-kritische Wörterbuch des Marxismus and edited The Historical Critical Dictionary of Marxism, published by the Berlin Institute of Critical Theory.

With his wife Frigga Haug he was one of the first to become members of the new left wing party Die Linke in 2007.

Haug is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of ATTAC.

Major books and papers
 Kritik der Warenästhetik (1971).
 High-Tech-Kapitalismus. Analysen zu Produktionsweise, Arbeit, Sexualität, Krieg und Hegemonie, 2003.
 Historisch-kritisches Wörterbuch des Marxismus (in 15 books, 7 already published), 1994-today.

References

External links
Biography

1936 births
Living people
People from Esslingen am Neckar
The Left (Germany) politicians
21st-century German politicians
People from the Free People's State of Württemberg
20th-century German philosophers
German male writers