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Q: Modifying one object in arraylist changes its copy I have two objects of same class in Activity, say User. I created two objects user and editedUser. To avoid same reference problems, I created both of them from a JSON string using Google Gson. These classes contain ArrayLists that hold other objects, eg Degrees.
My problem is that, when I update one field in a Degree object in the ArrayList of editedUser it automatically reflected in the user object too. How can I avoid this?
Here is my code
Creating objects:
user = new Gson().fromJson(getIntent().getStringExtra("userdata"), User.class);
editedUser = new Gson().fromJson(getIntent().getStringExtra("userdata"), User.class);

and I modified it using this line
editedUser.getDegrees().get(0).setTitle("Some Title");

This line changes the user object too

A: Both Degrees objects must be different instances, created by two new Degrees() (or independent deserialisations). Maybe you did
User editedUser = new User();
editedUser.setDegrees(user.getDegrees());

If this leads to a sharing of the internal degrees of user, getDegrees is done
dangerously, exposing an internal list.
editedUser.getDegrees().addAll(user.getDegrees());

A: Simple. You did a shallow copy, ie. the Lists are copies and they refer to exactly the same objects. What you need is make a deep copy in this case, ie. not just copy the lists but each element within them.


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The Only Things You'll Need This Summer
Sun, sea and the best streaming devices when it's too hot to go outside
Sun-safe Beauty
Because it's summer, your skin will need more protection from the sun. Make sure to use sun-safe products even when indoors. Because UVA and UVB. The former causes premature skin aging and skin cancer, and, believe it or not, can penetrate through clouds, and windows in your home, office and car. Meanwhile, UVB is responsible for giving you that sun-kissed glow and sometimes, if you're not careful, a painful sunburn. So, invest in beauty products and skin care with at least SPF 15 to 30 for the face, and SPF 30 or higher for the body. Remember to re-apply every two hours and to get a lightweight, water-resistant formulation. You'll thank us later.

Throw On Some Shade
No, it's not that kind celebs throw at each other. We mean the shade that gives you extra protection from the sun for the most neglected parts of your body: your hair and eyes. Plus, nothing injects glam to a look better than a pair of sunnies and a wide-brimmed (straw) hat.
No summer is complete without a trip to the beach, so book that trip because you work too hard. You deserve some time off and some serious fun under the sun. And while we love a great beach party, why not vacation somewhere nice and quiet for a change? We recommend underrated beach destinations, like Dumaguete (check out the El Dorado in Dauin), Siquijor (Coco Grove in San Juan) and Siargao (Cloud 9 in Siargao Island).
There are a lot of fun, new trends to try but nothing beats easy, breezy styles for summer. Go for function and choose pieces in airy fabrics that let you breathe and move around. Then, up your style game by way of trendy colors and prints. Trust us, it's the easiest, most comfortable way to chic!
For when it's too hot outside and you want to just turn up the AC on turbo cool, or feel like staycationing with friends, you'll need an equally cool device to chill with. One that's down for whatever you're in the mood for, whether it's streaming Bruno Mars' latest album on Spotify or catching up on Netflix series, like Riverdale or The OA. Take your pick from the latest streaming devices modern life has to offer; there's Chromecast for when you want to cast your mobile activities onto a wider, larger screen and then there's the Android TV Box, a set-top box that allows 4K HDR streaming of pretty much everything, gaming and more.
Mac or Windows: Which One is For You?
A Brief Look at Windows 11
Never Miss a Sale: How to Shop Online with GCash

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Arlington, VA (August 28, 2017) – Tempe business, Tri-City Transmission and Auto Repair has been awarded the 2017 BBB International Torch Award for Ethics. This award is presented to businesses in recognition of best practices in leadership character and organizational ethics. Tri-City Transmission is one of only 4 businesses in the United States to win this prestigious award.
"These companies deserve widespread public recognition for the many steps they take each day to ensure top-notch ethical treatment of their customers, employees, vendors and suppliers, stakeholders, and the communities in which they do business. Through the international competition and the many local competitions, the Better Business Bureau system is sending an important message: consistently conducting yourself or your business in an ethical fashion is important and deserving of recognition," said Genie Barton, President of the BBB Institute for Marketplace Trust.
Winners and finalists are selected by an independent panel of judges. Businesses are evaluated against criteria including leadership character, commitment to and demonstration of ethical practices in the marketplace; high standard of behavior toward customers, employees, suppliers, shareholders, and communities; truthfulness and accuracy of advertising and sales practices; ethical reputation among industry peers and communities in which they do business; and training and communication programs to assist employees in carrying out established ethics policies. To be eligible for entry in the BBB International Torch Award for Ethics, a business must first be a winner of their local BBB award program.
Purchased in 2006 by Owner Dave Riccio, Tri-City Transmission is a family-owned auto repair shop that specializes in service, repair and replacement of automotive transmissions in Tempe, Arizona. The company's pledge –"we do the right things, for the right reasons, even when no one is looking" – has proven that they are a different kind of business in the automotive repair industry. The company prides itself on providing honest, reliable and trustworthy service to each of its customers. From its leadership commitment to the industry, to customer interactions, to its innovative approach to hiring the right people, everything is done with a purpose and is a reflection of the company's values and commitment to upholding the highest moral standards. Staff gets to work in a collaborative environment where everyone is encouraged to give their feedback and ideas, as well as receive team bonuses for work well done. Tri-City Transmission is recognized nationally by the Automatic Transmission Rebuilders Association as an industry leader and contributor.
Founded in 2007, Coastal Payroll Services provides human capital management solutions for employers across the United States. The dedication to providing ethical and honest service begins with the company's executive team who believes in leading by example; always putting its clients and employees first and abiding by a set of values that governs their daily actions. Coastal Payroll employees undergo a rigorous interview process which includes personality and problem solving tests to ensure each employee align with the company's culture and values. Employees enjoy generous work perks and benefits like company fun days, time off to volunteer at events, tuition reimbursement, wellness months and much more. Coastal Payroll is active in leading payroll industry organizations promoting best practices and helping companies stay abreast of industry news, compliance and regulations. The company has received numerous recognitions including being named one of San Diego's 150 Fastest Growing Companies, Fortune Magazine's #29 best small business to work for in the country, as well as consistently landing a spot on the Inc. 5000 list.
Family-owned and operated since 1938, Baker Electric Solar is committed to delivering premium solar and home battery systems to homeowners across Southern California. Baker prides itself on doing business "The Baker Way" – requiring a solid set of ethics including honesty, integrity and responsiveness. Regular customer feedback and reviews ensures that every Baker team member is held responsible for delivering an extraordinary customer experience through the demonstration of those ethics and best-in-class skills. Because the company does not subcontract, homeowners have peace of mind that they will work directly with Baker throughout the process of system design and installation and for any service after installation. In addition, the company's 25-year workmanship warranty, unique in the industry, provides further assurance to homeowners. Recognizing its most important asset, Baker's annual Leroy Awards honor a select few employees whose significant contributions to the business and its customers serve as real-life examples of the "The Baker Way". Employees also receive competitive pay, end of year goal bonuses, on-going training, anniversary celebrations, holiday parties, wellness seminars and team building events. Baker Electric Solar has been recognized on both local and national levels for its service and contributions to the rise of renewable energy in Southern California.
With roots dating back to 1946, WPS Health Solutions is committed to conducting business with honesty and integrity, and strives to exceed our customers' expectations for excellence and service. WPS is a not-for-profit health insurer and administers health benefits for millions of seniors, active-duty military and veterans and their families. The heart of the company's corporate responsibility efforts is the Code of Conduct, a guiding document that helps employees live up to its core values: Individual Responsibility; Mutual Respect; Customer Focused; Driven and Passionate. WPS Health Solutions take an active role in the health and well-being of the communities its customers and employees call home. The company's key areas of support include women's and children's health, and support of our military personnel and veterans. For the past eight years, WPS Health Solutions has been named one of the World's Most Ethical Companies® by the Ethisphere® Institute. It also is a winner of the 2016 BBB Torch Awards for Business Ethics and Integrity, presented by the Wisconsin Better Business Bureau Foundation.
The BBB Institute for Marketplace Trust is the educational foundation of the Council of Better Business Bureaus and a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization. Its goal is to advance trust in the marketplace through programs that promote best practices and business ethics, raise consumer awareness and training about scams, fraud, and deceptive advertising, and build financial and digital literacy. The Institute offers in-person and online training, print and digital educational resources, scholarships and programs, and work with BBB offices in all 50 states, Canada and Mexico.


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Desai C
Year : 2016 | Volume : 48 | Issue : 7 | Page : 1-2
Revisiting and innovating pharmacology education
Chetna Desai
Department of Pharmacology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Department of Pharmacology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Desai C. Revisiting and innovating pharmacology education. Indian J Pharmacol 2016;48, Suppl S1:1-2
Desai C. Revisiting and innovating pharmacology education. Indian J Pharmacol [serial online] 2016 [cited 2023 Jan 29];48, Suppl S1:1-2. Available from: https://www.ijp-online.com/text.asp?2016/48/7/1/193330
"I cannot teach anybody anything; I can only make them think"
-Socrates
Education is the process of facilitating learning or acquiring knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits that aim at bringing a desired change in the learner. The value of education is emphasized from time immemorial, be it the age-old Gurukuls in India, the Academy of Athens founded by Plato, the Famed Nalanda University, or the modern universities across the world. Formal education happens in a structured environment in which students train with certified teachers in systems defined by goals, objectives, curriculum, teaching–learning and assessment methods, and an inbuilt or external mechanism for accreditation and program evaluation.
Pharmacology education too has evolved since ages from materia medica to the modern era of basic and clinical pharmacology. Pharmacology is an integral component of all professional courses for health professionals. Pharmacology education has become increasingly important with a growing awareness about the right methods of administering and prescribing medicines and educating patients about their medications. Health professionals need quality education and training in pharmacology and pharmacotherapy. Prescribing errors and prescribing faults have been linked to deficiencies in knowledge and skills in prescribing and inadequate training.[1] A growing concern about the knowledge-skills and theory-practice gap is expressed by educators in pharmacology. The World Health Organization also advocates investment in educational opportunities for health professionals, to update their knowledge and skills and thus provide the best patient care.[2] Drawing an analogy between pharmacology and pharmacology education, Keijsers and Ross in "A pharmacological approach to education" write "As with drug concentrations in the human plasma, the levels of knowledge and skills available in the health professionals' brain are not static and can be influenced by the route of administration and dosages of training."[3] Back home, the regulatory councils for various professional courses have been advocating and mandating interventions to meet the challenges of the knowledge-skills gap. These include a relook into the existing curricula, introducing innovations in teaching–learning, assessment tools, and capacity–building exercise aimed at developing a competent pool of educators. The Pharmacy Council of India as a pharmacy educationist regulatory body has proposed major amendments in "Pharmacy Practice Regulations" for the first time in the country. The Council emphasizes "the need to strengthen and upgrade the pharmacy curriculum and quality of education to produce competent pharmacist workforce, to meet the growing demands of the industry and the community."[4] The All India Council for Technical Education lays down norms and standards for courses, curricula, infrastructural and facilities and quality of teaching, assessment, and examinations that are revised periodically to meet the contemporary needs.[5] Similar initiatives have been made by the Medical Council of India, which has mandated Faculty Development Programs for faculty. A step further, it also provides training in advanced techniques in medical education and educational research. The long-term outcome envisaged with all these interventions and regulations is to produce a competent Indian Medical Graduate.[6] Pharmacological societies across the globe too provide a platform for educators to train and share.[7] Back home, professional societies such as the Indian Pharmacological Society, the Indian Academy of Pediatrics, and The Indian Ophthalmological Society have also undertaken similar initiatives.
Research should be an integral and ongoing part of education. Educational research refers to a variety of methods, in which individuals evaluate different aspects of education including curriculum, student learning–teaching and assessment methods' faculty development, and classroom dynamics. It drives us into exploring into educational methods that meet the contemporary needs of the learners. Contrary to general impression, educational research must be conducted in a rigorous and systematic way, much in the same manner as biomedical research. The research methods employed in educational research, i.e., the qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods are different from those used in biomedical research. The last decade is witnessing a surge in educational research being carried out by the faculty and students in pharmacology. Significantly, publications in educational research are gaining the deserved recognition and credit from scientists and stakeholders alike. These facts reflect a paradigm shift in the perception of pharmacology education and educational research as also the impact of various regulatory measures outlined above.
The Indian Journal of Pharmacology publishes articles in pharmacology research. Lately, the journal has been receiving articles on topics related to pharmacology education. Authors have expressed their concerns, vision, suggestions and shared their innovations, and experiments with teaching–learning and assessment methods. In the past 4 years alone, the journal has received more than fifty articles on topics related to pharmacology education and educational research. The number is small compared to the number of articles related to biomedical research in pharmacology but noteworthy nonetheless. The readership of the journal comprises a sizeable number of academicians from educational institutions from various faculties, such as medical, pharmacy, dental, veterinary, and Ayurveda.
Considering these facts, this special supplement themed around topics in pharmacology education is a logical step for the Indian Journal of Pharmacology. The articles received encompass a wide range of topics from curriculum, trends, innovations in teaching–learning, and assessment, experiments with unconventional teaching methods such as the use of poetry. The origin of the articles and affiliations of the authors do not matter as much as the fact that each of these articles documents a sincere effort by the authors to probe and dwell into an innovation and its impact it may possibly have on the quality of education imparted to the students in pharmacology. These articles also provide us an insight into the methods and rigors involved in educational research and serve perhaps as a guide to educationists in pharmacology who may wish to pursue similar explorations.
We hope you enjoy reading this special supplement.
Dornan T, Ashcroft D, Heathfield H, Lewis P, Miles J, Taylor D, et al. An In-Depth Investigation into Causes of Prescribing Errors by Foundation Trainees in Relation to Their Medical Education: EQUIP Study. Final Report to the General Medical Council. University of Manchester: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Medicine; 2009. Available from: http://www.gmc-uk.org/FINAL_Report_prevalence_and_causes_of_prescribing_errors.pdf_28935150.pdf. [Last accessed on 2016 Oct 01].
Continuing Education for Health Professionals. Available from: http://www.who.int/genomics/professionals/education/en/. [Last accessed on 2016 Oct 01].
Keijsers CJ, Ross S. A pharmacological approach to education. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015;80:329-30.
Rules and Regulations. Available from: http://www.pci.nic.in/GeneralInformation/AboutPCI/TheEducationRegulations.aspx. [Last accessed on 2016 Oct 05].
Education. Available from: http://www.aicte-india.org/education.php. [Last accessed on 2016 Oct 05].
National Faculty Development Program. Available from: http://www.mciindia.org/InformationDesk/ForColleges/NationalFacultyDevelopmentProgramme.aspx. [Last accessed on 2016 Oct 10].
Teaching Pharmacology. Available from: https://www.bps.ac.uk/education-careers/teaching-pharmacology. [Last accessed on 2016 Oct 10].


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This article aims at a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer, considers green degree and service level, and establishes centralized decision-making model and Stackelberg game model dominated by manufacturers, respectively. The two models are compared in terms of product green degree, service level, retail price, supply chain profits, etc. To realize Pareto improvement of supply chains, a two-part tariff coordination strategy should be further proposed. Finally, the influence of green product R&D cost factor, service cost factor on pricing and the gross profit of supply chain is discussed through model verification analyzed by calculation examples.
6. 王磊, 戴更新, 孙浩. 零售商提供服务且具有公平偏好的供应链博弈研究[J]. 系统工程, 2015, 33(6): 1-9.
8. 江世英, 李随成. 考虑产品绿色度的绿色供应链博弈模型及收益共享契约[J]. 中国管理科学, 2016, 23(6): 169- 176.
14. D'Aspremont, C. and Jacquemin, A. (1988) Cooperative and Noncooperative R&D in Duopoly with Spillovers. American Economic Review, 78, 1133-1137.


Friday 6th May - Concert of the Varsovia Piano Trio in St. Anne's Cathedral.
Exhibition of Polish political posters at Linen Hall Library, photography exhibition 802% of Target Delivery.
Film review Polish People's Republic: a Land of the Absurd at Queen's Film Theatre, film screening Emilka Płacze [Emilka's Crying] followed by a meeting and discussion with the director, Rafał Kapeliński.
The exhibition organised in cooperation with the Arsenal Gallery from Białystok will include works by Polish contemporary artists, such as Zbigniew Libera, Daniel Rumiancew, Janek Simon, Azorro Supergroup, and Tomasz Mróz.
The exhibition presents the art of Polish contemporary artists, such as Elżbieta Jabłońska, Oskar Dawicki, Joanna Rajkowska, and Julita Wójcik. Ormeau Baths is one of the most interesting and important contemporary art galleries in Northern Ireland. The exhibition is part of the Polish Cultural Week in Belfast.
The next edition of the festival as part of Polska! Year will take place in 2010. The main organiser of the festival is Artlink Belfast.


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HOME WELCOME ARTICLES ARCHIVES BIOGRAPHY FEEDBACK BLOG LINKS Russia's Missile Defense Furor
Presidents Bush and Putin have wrapped up their 24-hour summit on the shores of Maine. Given that their talks were dominated by plans for what Putin called a "strategic partnership" on missile defense, the mini-summit is an indication of how far the two powers have come since the end of the Cold War—and how far apart they remain.
A little background may be helpful: Spurred by the reckless behavior of rogue regimes in Pyongyang and Tehran, the US and its closest allies in Europe, Asia and the Pacific have been building a truly international missile defense system (IMD) for the better part of six years. Bush laid the groundwork by notifying Putin of America's intentions in 2001 and assuring the Russians that IMD wouldn't upset the US-Russia deterrent balance. He underscored his words by offering to slash the US nuclear arsenal by two-thirds. With Putin acquiescing, Bush then scrapped the anachronistic ABM Treaty.
In February 2003, the Blair government agreed to software and hardware upgrades of ground-based radar stations in the UK. Denmark has since approved similar upgrades at radar and satellite-tracking stations in Thule, Greenland.
In December 2003, then-Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi gave military officials the go-ahead for construction of a layered missile defense system, in close partnership with the US. Word of Australia's intention to join the IMD partnership also came in December 2003, when its foreign minister officially informed parliament of the "strategic decision to put in place a long-term measure to counter potential threats to Australia's security and its interests from ballistic missile proliferation." Australia signed a 25-year pact on missile defense cooperation in 2004.
Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Norway are also cooperating with Washington on elements of missile defense. And not surprisingly NATO has essentially blessed the IMD coalition, vowing to "pursue a three-track approach to missile defense" that includes deployment of theatre missile defenses; an assessment of the full implications of basing parts of the US-built system in Europe; and continued "cooperation with Russia on theatre missile defense as well as consultations on related issues."
Now, the US, Poland and the Czech Republic are hammering out the final pieces of a plan to base missile-tracking radars on Czech territory and missile-killing interceptors on Polish territory.
Which brings us back to the mini-summit in Maine, where Putin elaborated on the proposal he floated in June to use existing facilities in Azerbaijan—instead of bases in Poland and the Czech Republic—to support the nascent IMD system. Specifically, Putin proposed opening a joint information-exchange center in Moscow and Brussels to monitor possible launches (something akin to a NORAD for Europe and Russia); modernizing radar bases in Azerbaijan (it's worth noting that Azerbaijan is supposed to be an independent nation, just like Poland and the Czech Republic, but that apparently is not an issue for Putin); and even building brand-new early-warning radars in southern Russia.
"In this case," Putin explained, "there would be no need to place facilities in Europe—I mean these facilities in [the] Czech Republic and the missile base in Poland." In short, he offered Washington a lot, just to prevent Bush from planting the IMD system in Eastern Europe.
But why? Putin knows the Cold War is over. He himself says America and Russia "do not look at each other through the sights of our weapons systems." And he knows this limited system is designed to defend against countries with limited capabilities—it couldn't knock out even a fraction of Russia's 5,800 nuclear warheads.
Perhaps the answer is that he doesn't really believe that Cold War is over, or that NATO and Russia are no longer enemies. After all, friends don't usually cut off energy supplies to friends, yet that's what Russia did to Ukraine, Poland and Germany. Friends don't compare friends to the Third Reich, yet that's what Putin did at a World War II anniversary in May, with not-so-veiled references equating the US and NATO to Hitler's war machine. Friends don't conduct war games to send a message to their friends, yet that's what Russia did in partnership with China in 2005. Friends don't throw tantrums and launch wars in cyberspace when neighbors assert their sovereignty, yet that's what Russia did vis-à-vis Estonia this spring. (At least some of the cyber-salvos that crippled Estonia in May were traced back to the Russian president's administrative offices. And the mobs of angry Russians that laid siege to the Estonian embassy in Moscow, stalked the Estonian ambassador and fomented disturbances inside Estonia were coordinated and/or countenanced by Russian officials.)
Perhaps it's a delaying tactic aimed at allowing Russia to retool its arsenal. Before scoffing at this, reread the preceding paragraph and then recall what the commander of Russia's Strategic Missile Forces, Gen. Nikolai Solovtsov, said earlier this year: After talking about withdrawing from the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty, he bragged about the ease with which he could retarget the arsenal under his command to strike Poland and the Czech Republic. "The Strategic Missile Forces," he said matter-of-factly, "will be capable of carrying out this task."
Or perhaps the answer has nothing to do with a new Cold War, or US-Russian relations, or where IMD assets will be targeted. Perhaps Putin is simply expressing Russia's latent feelings about Eastern Europe. After all, the countries in this swath of Europe represent the frontiers and ramparts of the Russian empire at its height. To be sure, it was officially known as the "Soviet Empire" at the time, and it operated under the Marxist myth of post-nationalism. But it was always animated and engineered by Russians; it always had as its main, if unspoken, purpose protecting Russia from the contagions of the West. It was the Russian empire revived and renamed.
Hence, to Russian eyes, the placement of anti-missile systems on Polish and Czech soil is encroachment on their sphere of influence. After watching the Czech Republic and Poland dissolve the Warsaw Pact, join the US-led NATO alliance, and enter the EU's free-trade club, this must be difficult, perhaps even painful, for Russia.
Of course, it's not as difficult or painful, as Czechs, Poles, Hungarians and other East Europeans might remind us, as living under the Soviet heel for almost half-a-century—or living as orphans in a no-man's for a decade.
If Moscow's reaction to basing IMD elements in Poland and the Czech Republic is something like a reflex honed by years of habits and routine, then the NATO alliance must help Putin and his successors break that habit. Going forward with the IMD system, in a transparent manner, is a good way to do so.


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Ignacio "Nacho" Figueras is the man from Polo: starring on the field for the sport and in the ads for Ralph Lauren's brand.Watch 60 Minutes on Sunday, April 8th at 7 p.m. ET/PT.
When Ignacio "Nacho" Figueras isn't atop a horse batting a ball around a polo field, he's modeling for a brand that's become wildly successful using the same sport to sell its image. Polo, the sport, may never become as ubiquitous in America as Polo Ralph Lauren clothing and merchandise, but if the handsome Argentine has his way, more people will become familiar with polo ponies and chukkers. Figueras will be featured in a Lara Logan story about the sport of polo to be broadcast on 60 Minutes on Sunday, April 8 at 7:00 p.m.
Figueras wants to be an ambassador for his sport, which for most Americans, lives up to its nickname "the sport of kings." He's disappointed that many see polo as an equestrian event that rich people dress up for and not the heart-pounding, hoof beating turf battle Figueras grew up playing in Argentina. "Polo, it goes beyond where you are or beyond what people are wearing and beyond the hats," he tells Logan. "What about what's happening inside?"
Inside the game, on a huge playing field, Polo horses hit speeds of 35 miles per hour and players are known to get rough as they vie for the ball during intense seven-minute chukkers, or periods. "I've broken my nose twice... broken my wrist... my ankle. I've been...unconscious. It's a rough sport," says Figueras.
One of the ways Figueras is trying to increase the popularity of polo in the U.S. is to mentor young players like Kareem Rosser, voted the best high school polo player in the nation. Rosser took advantage of a program in West Philadelphia that taught inner-city youths like him the 2,000-year-old sport. "But I'm glad that it is polo, I'm glad that polo has taken me far. I just love everything that it has brought to me, you know, all the opportunities, just the way it changed my life for the good, " says the 19-year-old, who hopes to become a pro like Figueras.
Logan also interviews Owen Rinehart, a legendary polo player who now breeds horses for the sport and Peter Brant, a "polo patron," who backs polo teams financially in return for the opportunity to play in matches with the greats. She also spends time with the sport's most important factors: the horses.


Kelly Bryant thought he found a comfortable spot for his final season of college football.
After an eight-win season in 2018, Missouri has a promising group of returning skill-position talent. Since the offense would be losing quarterback Drew Lock to the NFL, Bryant saw a great opportunity. He could make this fringe SEC contender a real threat.
But then the NCAA dropped its arbitrary hammer.
A one-year bowl ban is the main penalty levied for academic fraud committed by a former athletic department tutor. Barring a successful appeal―don't hold your breath―Missouri will not be eligible for postseason play in 2019.
No current players were involved, yet the punishment could've spelled disaster. Along with all seniors on the team, Bryant would be allowed to transfer freely and be eligible immediately.
However, per Matt Connolly of The State, the dual-threat quarterback decided he's going to stay in Columbia. Plus, Alex Schiffer of the Kansas City Star noted Missouri coach Barry Odom said no upperclassman has informed him of plans to leave.
For better or worse, the veterans are sticking out a difficult year.
And the Tigers might only need a couple of favorable bounces to become a national story during the 2019 season.
Barry Odom: "Nobody's sitting around saying, 'Poor, pitiful Missouri.' I guarantee that. So, bring it on."
Bryant isn't an All-American-caliber quarterback or a stunning NFL prospect. But the only reason he lost a starting job at Clemson was the replacement, Trevor Lawrence, is both of those things. Bryant's versatility can shine in a similar system.
The Tigers return a 1,200-yard rusher in Larry Rountree III, and receiver Johnathon Johnson has consecutive 700-yard seasons. Jalen Knox and Kam Scott are emerging big-play threats, and Arkansas transfer Jonathan Nance bolsters the depth of the rotation. Tight end Albert Okwuegbunam passed up the NFL but could've been a top prospect at his position.
Additionally, Missouri returns three starting offensive linemen, with left tackle Yasir Durant and All-SEC right guard Tre'Vour Wallace-Simms as foundational pieces.
This offense has high scoring potential.
Granted, the Tigers might need it. They're retooling the defensive front after the departures of Terry Beckner Jr. and Walter Palmore. Most of the secondary is back, but Missouri was tied for 92nd nationally in yards allowed per pass (7.7), with 24 touchdowns to only 10 interceptions. That unit must improve significantly.
It sure is possible, though. Take a peek at the schedule. What you don't notice on the 2019 slate is important.
No Alabama. No Auburn, LSU, Mississippi State or Texas A&M in sight. The Tigers' crossover games with the SEC West are Ole Miss and Arkansas, who combined for one SEC victory last year.
Plus, five of Missouri's first six games are at home. The program is just 19-19 under Odom yet 13-8 in Columbia during that time.
If the Tigers can navigate a rebuilding West Virginia team, mid-tier SEC foes in South Carolina and Ole Miss and then Power Five killer Troy, they could start 6-0―maybe even 8-0. Road trips to Vanderbilt and Kentucky should be winnable games.
But don't take our word for it; none of Athlon, CBS Sports, ESPN or Sports Illustrated list any of Missouri's first eight opponents in an early Top 25. Breakout teams will emerge, but that's a favorable slate.
Unlikely? Sure. We're not predicting an 8-0 record for Missouri. But 6-2 heading into showdowns with Georgia and Florida wouldn't look so bad, either. Upsetting one of those teams could have a massive impact in the SEC East race, too.
Even if the NCAA penalties stand and Missouri is ineligible for a bowl, the AP poll can still feature the Tigers. Bryant has a legitimate chance to help the program earn a Top 15 ranking.
Bryant and his fellow seniors deciding to stay put could turn an unfortunate outlook for Missouri into a memorable season.
It just might end in November.


text:
Q: github repository settings: permissions & development model There are two popular models of collaborative development on GitHub:

*

*Fork & pull

*Shared repository model.

How to check which model the given repository uses? How to change it?

A: This isn't something that's formally included a GitHub repository's settings. It's something that is determined by the repository's permissions, and it's simply a recognition of some common conventions.
Do you have push access? Then (for you) the repository is effectively "shared":

The shared repository model is more prevalent with small teams and organizations collaborating on private projects. Everyone is granted push access to a single shared repository and topic branches are used to isolate changes.
Pull requests are especially useful in the fork & pull model because they provide a way to notify project maintainers about changes in your fork. However, they're also useful in the shared repository model where they're used to initiate code review and general discussion about a set of changes before being merged into a mainline branch.

If not, then it's effectively "fork & pull" (again, for you):

The fork & pull model lets anyone fork an existing repository and push changes to their personal fork without requiring access be granted to the source repository. The changes must then be pulled into the source repository by the project maintainer. This model reduces the amount of friction for new contributors and is popular with open source projects because it allows people to work independently without upfront coordination.

Note that in both cases I said "for you". It is possible and common to grant a core group of committers push access ("shared model"), while still accepting pull requests from outsiders ("fork & pull"). If this were a setting, it wouldn't be on the repository. It would be a setting for each user who may have access to the repository.
And there are many other possible models, one obvious one being a private repository where certain users may fork the repository and submit pull requests. All other users wouldn't have any access to such a repository at all.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
← Needs More Paddy Pthwwpprrp! →
JockBridge
Admin at 12:45 pm September 2, 2014
Top: Sean O'Brien, Jamie Heaslip, Dave Kearney and Rob Kearney and (above) Bellamy's, Ballsbridge, Dublin
Kiely's?
That's so last season, bro.
Leon writes:
"After months of speculation, The Bridge 1859 was officially announced today as the name of the Ballsbridge bar formerly known as Bellamy's. Recently acquired by Noel Anderson of The Grafton Lounge alongside Ireland and Leinster Rugby stars Jamie Heaslip, Sean O'Brien and brothers Rob and Dave Kearney, The Bridge 1859 looks forward to welcoming a 'scrum' of customers from the end of September…"
(Leon Farrell/Photocall Ireland)
Name Them NOMs Animation: Slim Pickings Fat Chances They Feel Less Pain A Woman Walks Into The Bar
Posted in Misc and tagged bar, Jocks at 12:45 pm on September 2, 2014 by Admin.
30 thoughts on "JockBridge"
Del McG September 2, 2014 at 12:49 pm
It's fair to say, Sean O'Brien doesn't look out of place on a building site
Mikeyfex September 2, 2014 at 12:54 pm
Are they drops on the lens or has someone gone lurk with the blur tool?
fluffybiscuits September 2, 2014 at 12:55 pm
mmmmmm Sean O Brien
Janet September 2, 2014 at 5:15 pm
mmm anyone of them really …
H September 2, 2014 at 1:32 pm
Excuse my potential ignorance but does the name have a particular significance?
The Old Boy September 2, 2014 at 1:50 pm
Yes, it was named after that ginger copper off Heartbeat.
Narkie September 2, 2014 at 1:37 pm
only if you're into twinks
fluffybiscuits September 2, 2014 at 2:00 pm
Sean O Brien is the classic bear i would have thought…
Kieran NYC September 2, 2014 at 8:02 pm
More like twunk!
Planet of the Missing Biros September 2, 2014 at 1:40 pm
I heard if you have a son who is naturally gifted, send him to a decent non-fee paying school. If you have a son who is thick as a brick, send him to 'Rock. Dumbo will always get some sort of a job through their past pupil contacts.
Paolo September 2, 2014 at 2:22 pm
You stay classy Planet of the Missing Biros!
smoothlikemurphys September 2, 2014 at 2:25 pm
Irrelevant, seeing as none of these people went to Blackrock College.
Padi September 2, 2014 at 6:01 pm
And all from outside of Dublin too.
rotide September 2, 2014 at 2:27 pm
Planet is on a sub zero cool mission to rubbish everything people like today to establish his hipster credentials ahead of the new term. Facts like the one above will have no bearing on it.
Man that chip must hurt ; )
T-Bagg September 3, 2014 at 10:55 am
So if you have a son that's naturally gifted and you send him to 'Rock then he will turn out to be the next ruler of the known universe?
Rock Boy 4 Ever ! September 3, 2014 at 11:05 am
A mate of mine got his legal bills paid for a coke bust by the past pupil union too, dont forget about them bonus's to the old scholl tie too Biros !
Ooops on the sentence structure there………..I spent alot of englinsh class down the junior common room snorting creatine……meant:
A mate of mine got his legal bills for a coke bust paid for by the past pupil union too……….
andyourpointiswhatexactly September 2, 2014 at 2:00 pm
I think the bridge of balls was built in 1859: it's pretty much right across the road from it.
cormacjones September 2, 2014 at 2:08 pm
It must be something else. The bridge is much older than that.
Ah well, I tried.
I never liked Bellamy's. It was always kind of soulless.
Del McG September 2, 2014 at 2:21 pm
I wonder if in fact it should be 1879: the year the IRFU was founded, the year Leinster Rugby was founded and the year the RDS took over the grounds at Simmonscourt?
Either that, or it only opens at a minute before 7…
Sinead Walsh Ryan September 2, 2014 at 2:21 pm
The building was first used as a pub in 1859
Anne September 2, 2014 at 2:41 pm
Oh my.. That's a fine line up there.
If any of those lads were serving, I'd make the trip up pronto.
J.K. September 3, 2014 at 10:58 am
If they're so hot why are they still single?
rotide September 3, 2014 at 11:04 am
Maybe they want to be?
munkifisht September 2, 2014 at 2:45 pm
Ah, bit sorry to hear Bellamy's in it's old incarnation's gone and it was our spot of choice for the pre match warm ups, sure the new spot will be grand though.
Haroo von Haroo September 3, 2014 at 5:39 am
I wonder will they have got rid of the narrow stretch of bellamys at the foot of the stairs which always caused a bottleneck.
I've Nothing Against Irish Speakers, But…
Stinky The Rapist Dolphin
You Know That Bit In 'The Guard'?
Colette Colfer: A New Religion


text:
School of Computer ScienceSchool of Economics and Political ScienceSchool of FinanceHumanities and Social SciencesLaw SchoolSchool of Management
- 21.05.2022 - 00:00
Dies academicus 2022 – rethinking the future of the university
After two virtual celebrations, the traditional Dies academicus again took place on the campus of the University of St.Gallen (HSG) on Saturday, 21 May 2022. The celebration was attended by University members and guests from politics, academia and the general public.
21 May 2022. Once a year, the academic celebratory day of the University of St.Gallen brings together friends and former students of the HSG with personalities from academia, politics, business and the general public. This year's Dies academicus was opened by President Bernhard Ehrenzeller.
"Sankt Denkplatz"
"Universities provide diversity in unity; at the same time, they are part of a community of values. In addition, universities are places whose impact transcends their communities in the narrower sense of the word," said President Bernhard Ehrenzeller. In the SQUARE, in particular, the HSG had created a space where teaching and learning were not only intended to be refashioned, but would also increasingly invite people to cross the bridge – towards the inside as well as towards the outside. Latterly, the label "Sankt Denkplatz" – Saint Place of Thought Leadership – was being displayed on HSG doors – and indeed, the city had been transformed into that with the arrival of the eponymous saint: a place of intellectual energy, a place of thought leadership. The coming 125th anniversary of the HSG should be a year of celebration, but equally a year of reflection on "the future of the university", in whose discussion all of us were invited to participate, said President Bernhard Ehrenzeller to conclude his address.
Brief video clips provided a retrospective of the HSG year of 2021-2022. With the return of campus life, activities also registered a strong increase at the beginning of Autumn Semester 2021. Highlights were the inauguration of the SQUARE in mid-February 2022 and the launch of the Master's programme in Computer Science in October 2021, a sustainability course and student project in the context of the National Model United Nations. The 50th anniversary of the introduction of women's suffrage in Switzerland was also reviewed in the videos.
Digital university, student engagement, excellence
Lukas Zumbrunn acquainted the audience with his perspective on what would occupy the HSG until 2062 – the year of his possible retirement. He emphasised three aspects: firstly, "The digital university is coming," secondly, "Student involvement favours personal development" and thirdly, "Excellence, from the past into the future".
The Student Union awarded the Mentor Prize to Dr. Felix Grisard, Chairman of the Board of Directors of HIAG and a member of the HSG Advisory Board, and a Teaching Award to Alexander Gruber, Ph.D.
Three Honorary Doctorates awarded, three new Honorary Senators
An honorary doctorate was awarded to three professors:
Prof. Dr. Mike Burkart, Professor of Corporate Governance and Financial Contracting at the London School of Economics and Political Science, was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the School of Finance (SoF-HSG) as an internationally significant researcher, particularly with trailblazing work on the influence of shareholder activism and corporate takeovers on a company's value. Mike Burkart made an essential contribution to understanding how the quality of shareholder protection and the optimal proportion of voting shares impact on takeover results and the quality of corporate governance.
Prof. Eileen Fischer, Ph.D., Professor at the Schulich School of Business in Toronto, was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Economic Sciences by the School of Management (SoM-HSG) as a leading academic and international voice in the field of qualitative consumer research. Eileen Fischer was regarded as a pioneer in the investigation of relations between consumers, companies and their brand products, as well as the developments of these markets.
Prof. Dr. Silvana Tenreyro, Professor of Monetary Policy and International Economics at the London School of Economics and Political Science and an external member of the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee, was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Economic Sciences by the School of Economics and Political Science (SEPS-HSG). Silvana Tenreyro is a leading academic in macroeconomic disciplines and a role model for the fact that top-level academic performance can be reconciled with an active involvement in economic policy bodies. She participated virtually in the award ceremony.
The following three personalities were received into the Honorary Senate:
The long-time Managing Director of the Startfeld Foundation and the initiator of the educational lab Smartfeld, Dr. Cornelia Gut-Villa was appointed an Honorary Senator of the HSG for her great services and commitment to the location of St.Gallen. In the context of Smartfeld, she does not only foster young people's future competencies and creativity but also familiarises them with the challenges of the digital age. Cornelia Gut-Villa supports the University in education and training, on the one hand (insight), and in entrepreneurial application, on the other hand (impact).
In Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. h.c. Ann-Kristin Achleitner and Dr. Paul Achleitner, the University of St.Gallen receives two outstanding providers of impulses into the Honorary Senate. In 1994, Ann-Kristin Achleitner was the first woman to be habilitated at the HSG. Paul Achleitner obtained his doctorate from the HSG in 1985. "Not only have you shaped institutions, but with your integrity and personal attention, you have been role models for many, particularly the young generation," said President Bernhard Ehrenzeller in his eulogy. With their "feu sacré", the couple Ann-Kristin and Paul Achleitner had had an impact on the HSG in research and teaching, in mentoring and in executive education. Their reception into the Honorary Senate was not the conclusion, but the beginning of a further stage of their shared path at and with the HSG.
HSG Impact Awards for three projects
The HSG Impact Awards were also conferred on the occasion of the Dies academicus 2022. For the fifth time, the award went to HSG researchers who have made a particularly valuable contribution to society. More about the three research projects.
Award of the Latsis Prize
The International Latsis Foundation annually honours young researchers at selected Swiss universities. This year, the prize went to Prof. Jamie Gloor, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Diversity and Leadership Science. Her focal research points include the future of work and executives, diversity, artificial intelligence, emotions and humour.
Second HSG Culture Prize 2022
This year, the HSG honours the Solidaritätshaus St.Gallen. This "Solidarity House," or "Solihaus" for short, is an open house for refugees and migrants from the St.Gallen, Appenzell and Thurgau region. It offers them a daily structure, help with various concerns, spare-time activities and courses free of charge. With various events, the Solihaus also enables personal encounters between refugees and the local population.
The Dies academicus 2022 was concluded by singing Gaudeamus igitur.
Images: University of St.Gallen (HSG)/Hannes Thalmann


text:
Akshay Kumar Das () (1903 - ?) was a Bengali Dalit politician of Pakistan, who served as a representative of East Pakistan in both the First and Second Constituent Assemblies, and held multiple ministries across the 1950s in governments formed by different political parties.

Das was born at Sullah, Sylhet in 1903. He was a lawyer by training, and practiced at the local court before joining politics. In the 1937 Assam Provincial Assembly Elections, he filed his nomination from Sunamganj, a dual-member constituency, from the Constitutionalist Party. Das won the reserved seat, unopposed. In February 1938, he was appointed as the Minister of Law in the Second Ministry of Muhammed Saadulah, as Muslim League entered into new coalitions to preserve power. Nonetheless, as the government fell in September with Congress poaching off coalition partners, Das switched sides to become the Minister of Excise and Agriculture under the premiership of Gopinath Bordoloi.

In 1939, with Congress governments resigning from across India in protest against United Kingdom's unilateral decision to enroll Indian forces in the World War II, Assam United Party — an amalgamation of Muslim League with all shades of parties opposed to Congress — formed a successful coalition under Saadulah; however, Das was left out from the cabinet. The Government fell again in December 1941 but after about seven months of Governor's Rule, Saadulah managed to regain the numbers; yet again, Das was not inducted. In March 1945, Congress came into an understanding with the League and formed an unprecedented coalition government with virtually no opposition; Das was brought back to the ministry and assigned the portfolios of Industries and Cooperative Development.

In the 1946 elections, he was re-elected unopposed but as a member of the Congress. He was subsequently elected by the Assembly to represent Assam at the Constituent Assembly of India. Das opposed Partition — unlike many of his Dalit compatriots — and lobbied for the inclusion of Sylhet in India but chose to stay in Pakistan after the referendum went against him, becoming a member of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. In Pakistan, he became the President of East Bengal Scheduled Caste Federation in the aftermath of Jogendra Nath Mandal's departure to India (1950) and gained significant political mileage.

In the 1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Das was re-elected from his seat. In September 1955, he was appointed as the Minister of State for Economic Affairs by Prime Minister Chaudhry Muhammad Ali where he continued until the government fell in September 1956. In October 1957, I. I. Chundrigar (from Muslim League) formed government and appointed him as the Minister of State for Caste Affairs but his government fell within 2 months. Feroz Khan Noon (Republican Party) formed the next government in December, 1957 and had Das appointed as the Minister of State for Finance.

Notes

References

Pakistani MNAs 1947–1954
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
People from Sunamganj District
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Only 28% of heterosexuals believe that "there is no middle ground – you are either heterosexual or you are not".
Kinsey estimated that around 10% of the population was gay, although this percentage was criticised by the American Statistical Association. However, a 2011 Gallup poll asked over 1,000 people in the US "what percentage of Americans today would you say are gay or lesbian?" On average, respondents guessed that 1-in-4 Americans were.


Incredibly Good Skin Can Be Hard To Achieve, Which Is Why Raw Gaia has Come Up With A Range Of 100% Natural, Organic, Vegan, Ethical And Environmentally Friendly Skin Care Products That Allow You To Achieve the Perfectly Good Skin of Your Dreams!
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I want to encourage you to try Raw Gaia and experience the nourishment that only something as natural, alive and pure as the Earth can give. If you have been looking for a way to make a healthy change in your life than Raw Gaia will have the product or products to help you to do that!
The Raw Gaia selection of Superfoods come vacuum packed and full of nutrient packed benefit. With altogether eight to choose from and packed in either 100g or 250g bags, they are the perfect top up for your skin care order and for your body's nutritional requirements. Research with your intuition to find one that you think will work for you, or try a selection.
Raw Gaia's range of moisturisers are made up of a combination of finely balanced, skin loving ingredients which combine to sooth, enliven, clear and love your skin, with outstanding properties that are close to nature. Raw Cacao Butter as the main ingredient is known for having the best moisturising benefits and ensures that all of them will smell divine.
Raw Gaia has crafted three detox busting Face Packs which are pure indulgence for the skin. The Rhassoul Clay and Green Clay Pack are comprised solely of clay, reputed to draw out toxins from beneath the skins surface and the Raw Chocolate Face Pack, a favorite of many Raw Gaia Therapists not only cleanses deeply, but smells delicious.
All of Raw Gaia's cold pressed oils are just that – 100% cold pressed oils, without any fillers, chemicals, mixes or additional junk and the extraction process is assuredly efficient and ethical. They come ready to use in 50 or 100ml bottles, clearly labelled and itching to be distributed on massage ready skin.
My personal favorite Raw Gaia product is the Cold Pressed, Organic Hemp Oil. It is an emollient which is non-greasy and works perfectly as a moisturizing compound with excellent moisture balancing properties. Using this oil is a great way to achieve soft, smooth and hydrated skin. Those of you who follow DJ6ual: An Irish Girl's Blog know that I am a strong advocate of legalizing the use of Hemp and all other Marijuana related products. The legalization of Hemp would do wonders for our Global Warming/Climate Change problems and Medical Marijuana would help many people with severe illnesses find relief from pain. I commend Raw Gaia for providing Hemp friendly products.
Fresh, organic skincare creates a more youthful, vibrant appearance. Vital nutrients, such as anti-oxidants, proteins, amino-acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and carotenoids, sourced from vibrant fruits and vegetables, deliver the core building blocks to build healthier and more beautiful skin.
Please show Raw Gaia some LoVe on Twitter and Facebook!


text:
Minnesota Men's Basketball
Kevin Payton suspended
By GopherNation Jan 21, 2009, 8:29pm CST
Share All sharing options for: Kevin Payton suspended
I don't know who originally reported it but ESPN has the following on the suspension of Kevin Payton for academic reasons.
MINNEAPOLIS -- Minnesota backup point guard Kevin Payton has been suspended for academic reasons.
Coach Tubby Smith says the suspension is indefinite. The redshirt junior has appeared in only eight of the team's 18 games this season.
The Gophers (No. 20 ESPN/USA Today, No. 21 AP) return to action on Thursday night against No. 18 Purdue. Smith says the team also could be without senior center Jon Williams, who suffered a calf injury in practice this week.
Not much needs to be said, academic reasons are academic reasons. If anybody was wondering where that extra scholarship is going to come from next year, I'm going to take a wild guess that Payton will not be receiving a scholarship in 2009-2010.


Earn your wings through this excellent curriculum which includes flight training through a local FAA-approved flight school. This program provides you with the knowledge, skills and FAA certificates that are required to begin a civilian career as an FAA-certified flight instructor and commercial pilot. The program is intended for those who want to complete the A.S. degree and begin a rewarding career. Upon completion, you will have earned the following FAA certificates and ratings: commercial, airplane single engine land, commercial instrument, and commercial flight instructor or multi-engine rating.
You may receive college credit for previous flight and ground school courses, or currently held FAA certificates; however, awarding of such credit will be based solely on Florida State College's evaluation of your certificate(s), training and competency. Once enrolled under the 2003/2004 or later catalog, you will only receive college credit for flight training earned through a Florida State College contracted flight school. Prior to beginning flight training, students will be required to pass a flight physical from an FAA-approved medical examiner.
Note: Either ATF 2500 or ATF 2400 may be used to meet Professional Course Requirements, however, it is recommended that students take both courses for maximum employment potential. Students taking both courses may use one of them to satisfy an elective requirement.


Freshly pressed California olives are blended with just the right amount of California-grown garlic and basil oils. Sauté with fresh vegetables, chicken, and other foods. Toss it with pasta or splash it on your favorite vegetables.


text:
Wendy (2019)
PHX (X is for Xylonite) (2019)
Its soil was a plot
she do the tree in different voices (2017)
nine nine nine nine nine (2017)
Diviner (2017)
CANWEYE { } (2016)
an ever changing spectacle unfolds (2015)
The Star and the Glow Worm (2015)
APEX (2014)
The Aphotic Zone (2014)
Another way of reading (2014)
NOCTURNES (2013)
chapters:inside_the_book_an_ever-changing_spectacle_unfolds [2018/04/25 17:28]
chapters:inside_the_book_an_ever-changing_spectacle_unfolds [2020/01/15 21:26] (current)
- ~~NOTOC~~
<WRAP figure> <WRAP figure>
{{:chapters:fs_insidethebook_autocuestill.jpg?400}} {{:chapters:fs_insidethebook_autocuestill.jpg?400}}
- __Inside the book, an ever-changing spectacle unfolds__ (2015) + INSIDE THE BOOK, AN EVER-CHANGING SPECTACLE UNFOLDS (2015)
<wrap small> <wrap small>
Script loop on autocue (monitor and angled glass panel, metal stand and clamp), 9 min, 37 sec, DV, silent. Script loop on autocue (monitor and angled glass panel, metal stand and clamp), 9 min, 37 sec, DV, silent.
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
__Inside the book, an ever-changing spectacle unfolds__ is a silent, script presented as a continuous loop on an autocue, typically used for political speeches and live presentations. It develops research from __Another way of reading__ (2014), a residency at Swiss Cottage Library, a Grade II listed building designed by Sir Basil Spence in 1964. The script functions as a speculative screenplay for a film, in which characters - a Witness, Alchemists, Geologists, Scribes, Readers, and Prophets - propose various forms of knowledge though which to re-imagine the library building, as a book to be read. __Inside the book, an ever-changing spectacle unfolds__ is a silent, script presented as a continuous loop on an autocue, typically used for political speeches and live presentations. It develops research from __Another way of reading__ (2014), a residency at Swiss Cottage Library, a Grade II listed building designed by Sir Basil Spence in 1964. The script functions as a speculative screenplay for a film, in which characters - a Witness, Alchemists, Geologists, Scribes, Readers, and Prophets - propose various forms of knowledge though which to re-imagine the library building, as a book to be read.
- <WRAP lump> + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- --- + <WRAP lump>
+ &


So Spring has officially arrived, and as per usual the weather is erratic and hard to predict. So keep your denim jackets and scarves close at hand!
This spring you can expect to see khaki and neutral earthy tones featuring strongly, and also pretty pastels. Blush pink and soft blues have made a resurgence this year, these colours also work back beautifully with classic whites and denim. Why not ease into the new trend and add some blush shoes or pastel clutch to your favourite pieces.


The holiday decorations have come down. The cold, dark days of winter have set in. And now your house feels dark and gloomy. Battle the winter blahs by making a few key changes in your lighting. Remember, it's not just about making your room brighter. The right lighting can make your room better!
Placing table or floor lamps in strategic spots is a great way to add light and create a sense of warmth in your home. It's also helpful for doing leisure activities, such as reading, knitting, and doing crossword puzzles. Many lamps have adjustable heights, letting you place the light right where you need it. In addition to the lamp height, pay attention to the shape and color of the shade. Shades that are too skinny may not spread the light adequately. And shades that are too dark, may not brighten the room the way you would like.
Accent lighting adds a comforting glow to dark spaces in your home. It helps to make your rec room cozier, your bedroom more relaxing, and your dining room more inviting. There are many options for adding accent lighting – wall sconces, lamps, cove lighting. Decide which type of lighting is practical for your space. Adding accent lights in hallways and stairwells also provides illumination to help you avoid slips and falls.
Pendants are a great way to add some light to your space. They are available in a wide array of sizes, styles, and colors, so they're a perfect way to infuse your personal style into a space. A well-spaced series of pendant lights can also be used to provide needed task lighting over a kitchen counter or bar area. Because pendants are often suspended by a cord or chain, it is easy to adjust the hanging height of the fixture, making them ideal for rooms with sloping or tall ceilings. Pendants can also be used to define different spaces in an open floor plan when hung over a dining table, kitchen island, or entry area.
Well-placed dimmable recessed lights, also known as can lights, provide the right amount of light where you need it. With the emergence of LEDs, recessed lights are now available in smaller diameters. These smaller sized recessed lights, along with proper lighting design, allow them to practically disappear into your ceiling. White is no longer the only option for recessed trims (the flat ring that covers the rough edge of the ceiling cutout for recessed lights). Additional color and material options provide greater design possibilities. Adjustable can lights are also available for directing light toward wall art or architectural features of your home.
Regardless of what type of lighting you add to your home, it's important to choose light bulbs with the right color temperature and lumen output. The lighting consultants at Gross Electric can offer expert advice on choosing the right bulbs for your fixtures. They can also create the ideal lighting design for your space. Click here to schedule an appointment with one of our lighting consultants.


This chapter (Chapter 8 of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report) describes the observed and projected health impacts of climate change, current and future populations at risk, and the strategies, policies and measures that have been and can be taken to reduce impacts. The chapter reviews the knowledge that has emerged since the Third Assessment Report (TAR) (McMichael et al., 2001). Published research continues to focus on effects in high-income countries, and there remain important gaps in information for the more vulnerable populations in lowand middle-income countries.


text:
The sacred and ceremonial objects in the synagogue revolve around the Torah scroll. These objects differ from one place to another and not every object exists in every community.
Storage of the Torah Scroll
The length of cloth known in Hebrew as the mitpaḥat (plural mitpaḥot) is the earliest known means for storage of the Torah scroll. The mitpahḥat, also known in the sources as mappah, is mentioned in the Mishnah and in the Tosefta and later in the Jerusalem and Babylonian Talmuds (Mishnah, Kel. 28:4, Meg. 4:1, Kil. 9:3; Tosef. bm 9:5; tj, Ber. 6:4; tb, Meg. 26b, etc.). It is known from these sources that in ancient times woolen or linen mitpaḥot were used, sometimes with colorful stripes woven in; some were provided with bells. It is also known from Greek and Latin literature that in the ancient Middle East important scrolls were regularly wrapped in cloth. In time, the Jewish communities of the East Mediterranean Basin, as well as the Eastern communities, began to keep their Torah scrolls in special cases. Such cases were common in the classical world; they are referred to as theca in Greek or capsa in Latin. Archaeological finds from all parts of the Roman Empire attest to the shape of the case: a cylindrical or prism-shaped container used to carry various objects, including scrolls. Used in the Jewish world to carry Torah scrolls, such cases eventually became the main permanent receptacle for Torah scrolls in the communities of the East and the East Mediterranean Basin.
Torah Case and Mitpaḥat
The case is a small wooden cabinet, either cylindrical or prism-shaped with eight, ten, or twelve faces in two parts that open lengthwise. There are three main types of case: the flat-topped case used in Yemen, Cochin, Eastern Iran, and Afghanistan; the case with a circular or onion-shaped crown used in the Babylonian communities, i.e., Iraq and Western Iran; and the case with a coronet used in Libya, Tunisia, and the Greek Romaniot communities. The ornamentation of the case differs from one community to another. Cases may be adorned with colorful drawings or covered with leather, fabric, or beaten silver plates. In some communities, such as Yemen, Tunisia, and Libya, the case is usually wrapped in a rich fabric. The Torah cases generally have inscriptions around the edges, on the front, or inside. Two types of inscription are characteristic: biblical verses extolling the Torah, mainly from the books of Proverbs and Psalms, and personal information about the donor.
Our knowledge of Torah cases and mitpaḥot in pre-modern times is meager; the process whereby the case evolved from a mere receptacle for carrying the Torah into a sacred artifact can at most be conjectured. It may be assumed that in the first stage, when the case was used only for storage, the scroll was wrapped in a mitpaḥat when placed in the case. However, it was difficult to handle the Torah scroll wrapped in the mitpaḥat in its case, and most communities therefore removed it from the case. Only the Jews of Yemen continued to wrap the Torah in two or three mitpaḥot, and until they came to Israel they used colorful, geometrically patterned, cotton-print mitpaḥot of Indian manufacture. There, the mitpaḥat is used to cover the text adjacent to the text being read, thus preventing its unnecessary exposure. In other communities, the mitpaḥat is used only to cover the scroll during pauses in the reading, when it is placed on the case and not on the Torah scroll itself.
Wrapper, Binder, and Mantle
Two textile objects developed from the mitpaḥat in European communities. One, found only in Italy and in communities of the Sephardi Diaspora, is a wrapper (Hebrew yeriʿah), of height equal to that of the parchment sheets from which the Torah scroll is made and rolled up together with the scroll, a custom which is gradually disappearing. Another textile object wound around the Torah scroll in Ashkenazi communities, in Italy, and in the Sephardi Diaspora is the binder. The binder is a long narrow strip of cloth with which the Torah is bound, either on top of the wrapper or directly on the parchment. Its purpose is to keep the scroll securely bound when not in use.
In Italy and in the Sephardi communities, the binder is known as a fascia; it is made of a costly material or of linen embroidered in silk thread. From the 16th century it became customary in Northern Italy for girls and young women to embroider binders with biblical verses or original personal dedicatory inscriptions. In Germany it became customary in the second half of the 16th century to prepare a binder for the Torah scroll on the occasion of the birth of a son. This binder, called a mappah or wimpel, was fashioned from a piece of square linen cloth which was placed near the infant during the circumcision ceremony. The infant's name, his father's, name and his date of birth were embroidered or written on the cloth, as well as the blessing recited during the ceremony: "May he enter into the Torah, the nuptial canopy, and into good deeds." By the 17th century, binders often had pictures illustrating the three elements of "Torah, the nuptial canopy and good deeds."
The Torah mantle is as it were the clothing of the Torah scroll. In Sephardi communities, Italy, and Germany, and in halakhic literature, it was indeed occasionally known as beged, "garment," or mappah, but later the term meʿil became standard in most communities. The earliest attestation to the shape of the mantle appears in the 14th-century Sarajevo Haggadah, created in Spain. The mantles shown there are made of a costly material, probably not embroidered. This tradition is still common today in Sephardi communities, with the exception of Morocco and Algeria, where Torah mantles are made of velvet with elaborately embroidered patterns and dedicatory inscriptions. Common motifs on these mantles are the Tree of Life (in Morocco) and a gate (in Algeria). The shapes of the mantle differ from community to community – some are wide and open in the front (Italy and the Spanish Diaspora), others have a small cape atop the robe, still others are of simple rectangular length with material gathered at the upper borders (Algeria).
The earliest German mantles are depicted in 15th-century manuscripts. This Torah mantle is generally narrower and smaller than the Sephardi mantle, while the robe-like part is made of two rectangular lengths of material sewn together. Two openings at the upper end of the mantle enable the staves to protrude. The designs on Torah mantles in Germany and Central Europe are influenced by the ornamentation of the Torah Ark curtain, with such motifs as a pair of columns, lions, and the Torah crown most frequent.
Torah Crown
The earliest Torah ornaments are the Torah crown and the finials mounted on the Torah case or on the staves of the Torah scroll. We first hear of a Torah crown in the 11th century, in a responsum of *Hai Gaon concerning the use of a crown for a Torah scroll on *Simḥat Torah. The use of the Torah crown is linked in this responsum to the custom of crowning the so-called "*Bridegrooms of the Law," i.e., the persons called up on Simḥat Torah to complete the annual cycle of the Torah reading and to initiate the new cycle. At the time, the Torah crown was an ad hoc object made from various decorative items, such as plants and jewelry. About a hundred years later, fixed crowns, made of silver and used regularly to decorate Torah scrolls in the synagogue, are mentioned in a document from the Cairo *Genizah. Their earliest depiction is in the 14th-century Spanish Sarajevo Haggadah.
Torah crowns are used in almost all communities (the exceptions are Morocco and Yemen), their design being influenced in each locality by local tradition. The onion-shaped or conical crown of the Iraqi-Persian Torah case follows the tradition of the crowns of the Sassanid kings, the last Persian dynasty prior to the Muslim conquest. In Cochin, India, and in Aden, the independent port of Yemen, a tapering dome-like crown developed through which protrude finials mounted on the staves on which the Torah scroll is wound; the crown is not fixed to the case. By the 20th century, the Torah crown in Cochin showed distinct European features. In Eastern Iran, where the Torah had a small crown, the outer sides of the crown lost their spherical shape and became flat dedicatory plaques. Today this crown looks like a pair of flat finials, and only their designation as "crowns" hints at their origin in the Torah crown. The circlet or coronet on the Mediterranean case, which became an integral part of the case, was based on a local medieval crown tradition typified by floral patterns. The European crown is shaped like a floral coronet with arms closing over it. In Eastern Europe a two- or three-tiered crown developed, inspired by the crown motif on the Torah Ark in this region. In Italy, on the other hand, the Torah crown was a coronet, known in Hebrew as the atarah.
Torah Finials
The finials evolved from knobs at the upper end of the staves (eẓei ḥayyim) on which the Torah scroll is wound. Since the shape of the spherical finial recalled that of a fruit, it was called a tappu'aḥ, "apple," among the Jews of Spain and in the Sephardi Diaspora, and a rimmon, "pomegranate," in all other communities.
The earliest known reference to Torah finials occurs in a document from 1159, found in the Cairo Genizah, from which we learn that by the 12th century finials were already being made of silver and had bells. Around the same time, *Maimonides mentions finials in the Mishneh Torah (Hilkhot Sefer Torah 10:4). Despite the variations on the spherical shape which developed over the centuries and the addition of small bells around the main body of the finial, the spherical, fruit-like form was the basic model for the design of finials in Oriental and European communities.
A most significant variation appeared in 15th-century Spain, Italy, and Germany, where the shape of finials was influenced by that of various objects of church ritual, whose design often incorporated architectural motifs, The resulting tower-like structure, which seems to have appeared around the same time in different parts of Europe, became the main type of finial in 18th-century Germany and Italy, as well as Morocco, brought there by Jews expelled from Spain.
Breastplates and Metal Shields Hung in Front of the Torah Scroll
Breastplates – ornamental metal plates or shields hung in front of the Torah scroll – are found in all Ashkenazi communities, as well as Italy and Turkey, but designed differently in each community. In most cases the breastplate is made of silver or silver-plated metal. In Italy the breastplate is shaped like a half-coronet and known as the keter, "crown." In Turkey, the breastplate is called a tass, and assumes a variety of shapes – circular, triangular, oval, or even the Star of David. In Western, Central, and Eastern Europe the breastplate is called either tass or ẓiẓ; its function there is not merely ornamental: it designates which Torah scroll is to be used for the Torah reading on any particular occasion, with interchangeable plaques. The most notable early breastplates, from 17th-century Germany and Holland, were either square or rectangular, but over time they became rounded and decorative, and bells or small dedicatory plaques were suspended from its lower edge. During this period, the design of breastplates was influenced by that of the Torah Ark and the *parokhet (curtain) concealing it, featuring various architectural motifs, the *menorah (the seven-branched candelabrum), Moses and Aaron, lions, or Torah crowns.
Objects Used in the Torah Reading
torah pointer
The pointer used by the Torah reader to keep the place is known in European communities as the *yad, "hand," or the eẓba, "finger," and in Sephardi and Eastern communities as the moreh, "pointer," or kulmus, "quill," the former because of its function and the latter because of its shape. Halakhic sources also use the terms moreh or kulmus. The pointer was originally a narrow rod, tapered at the pointing end, usually with a hole at the other end through which a ring or chain could be passed to hang the pointer on the Torah scroll.
The original form of the pointer was preserved in Eastern communities, the differences from one community to another being mainly in length and ornamentation. In certain communities a hand with a pointing finger was added, and accordingly the pointer came to be known as a yad, "hand," or eẓba, "finger." Pointers are made for the most part of silver or silver-plated brass, but in a few European communities they used to be made of wood. In such cases the pointers were carved in the local folk-art style.
P.J. Abbink van der Zwan, "Ornamentation on Eighteenth-Century Torah Binders," in: The Israel Museum News (1978), 64–73; G. Boll, "The Jewish Community of Mackenheim," in: A. Weber, E. Friedlander & F. Armbruster (eds.), Mappo … blessed be who comes, The Band of Jewish Tradition (1997), 22–27; Y. Cohen, "Torah Breastplates from Augsburg in the Israel Museum," in: Israel Museum News, 14 (1978), 75–85; D. Davidovitch, "Die Tora Wimpel im Braunschweigischen Landesmuseum," in: R. Hagen (ed.), Tora Wimpel, Zeugniss jüdischer Volkskunst aus dem Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum (1978), 12–27; J. Doleželová, "Torah Binders in the Czech Republic," in: A. Weber, E. Friedlander & F. Armbruster (eds.), Mappot… blessed be who comes, The Band of Jewish Tradition (1997), 99–103; idem, "Torah Binders from Four Centuries at the State Jewish Museum in Prague," in: Judaica Bohemiae, 9:2 (1973), 55–71; idem, "Binders and Festive Covers from the Collections of the State Jewish Museum in Prague," in: Judaica Bohemiae, 10:2 (1974), 91–104; idem, "Die Sammlung der Thorawickel," in: Judaica Bohemiae, 16:1 (1980), 60–63; R. Eis, Torah Binders of the Judah L. Magnes Museum (1979); N. Feuchtwanger-Sarig, "Torah Binders from Denmark," in: M. Gelfer-Jørgensen (ed.), Danish Jewish Art – Jews in Danish Art (Danish, 1999), 382–435; R. Grafman, Crowning Glory, Silver Torah Ornaments (1996); idem, 50 Rimmonim, A Selection of Torah Finials from a European Family Collection (1998); C. Grossman, "Italian Torah Binders," in: Jewish Art, 7 (1980), 35–43; F. Guggenheim-Grünberg, Die Torawickelbänder von Lengnau Zeugnisse jüdischer Volkskunst (1967); J. Gutmann, "Die Mappe Schuletragen," in: A. Weber, E. Friedlander & F. Armbruster (eds.), Mappot …blessed be who comes, The Band of Jewish Tradition (1997), 65–69; R. Jacoby, " 'Etzba' and 'Kulmos,' The Torah Pointer in the Persian World" (Ph.D. diss., Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2005); B. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, "The Cut that Binds: The Western Ashkenazic Torah Binder as Nexus between Circumcision and Torah," in: V. Turner (ed.), Celebration: Studies in Festivity and Ritual (1982), 136–46; F. Raphaël, "On Saturday My Grandson Will Bring the Mappah to the Synagogue," in: A. Weber, E. Friedlander & F. Armbruster (eds.), Mappot… blessed be who comes, The Band of Jewish Tradition (1997), 73–79; C. Roth, "Ritual Art," in: Encyclopedia Judaica (1973), 3:524–535; S. Sabar "'May He Grow Up to the Huppah': Representations of the Wedding on Ashkenazi Torah Binders," in: G. Cohen Grossman (ed.), Romance & Ritual: Celebrating The Jewish Wedding (2001), 31–45; J. Stown, "Silver English Rimmonim and Their Makers," in: Quest (Sept. 1965), 23–30; D. Tahon, "Rapduni be-Tapuḥim," in: Rimmonim, 4 (1994), 20–27 (Heb.); A. Weber, "The Culture of Rural Jewry in Swabia and Franconia," in: A. Weber, E. Friedlander & F. Armbruster (eds.), Mappot… blessed be who comes, The Band of Jewish Tradition (1997), 82–91; idem, "From Leo to Virgo – The Binders of the Synagogue at Ichenhausen," in: A. Weber, E. Friedlander & F. Armbruster (eds.), Mappot… blessed be who comes, The Band of Jewish Tradition (1997), 92–99; B.Yaniv, "An Attempt to Reconstruct the Design of Tower-Shaped Rimonim in Morocco according to Models from Spain," in: Pe'amim, 50 (Winter 1992), 69–98 (Heb.); idem, "The Mystery of the Flat Torah Finials from East Persia," in: A. Netzer (ed.), Padyavand, Judeo-Iranian and Jewish Studies Series, 1 (1996), 63–74; idem, "The Samaritan Torah Case," in: V. Morabito, Alen D. Crown & L. Davey (eds.), Samaritan Researches, 5 (2000), 4.04–4.13; idem, "Regional Variations of Torah Cases from the Islamic World," in: For Every Thing a Season – Jewish Ritual Art (2002), 39–76; idem, The Torah Case; Its History and Design (1997) (Heb.); M. Gelfer-Jørgensen (ed.), Danish Jewish Art – Jews in Danish Art (tr. from the Danish; 1999).
[Bracha Yaniv (2nd ed.)]
Encyclopaedia Judaica
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