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What is the Columbia Gorge School of Theatre?
The Columbia Gorge School of Theatre is an actor training program for youth of all ages who love theatre. We are dedicated to the education of young theatrical performers and to giving them an adventurous summer to enrich their pre-college experience. We believe that a rigorous theatre training program helps students gain a sense of community, improves their communication skills , and raises their self-esteem. CGST offers a well-rounded experience to challenge and encourage growth in all students artistically and personally. Throughout the summer students are trained in various disciplines of theatre arts. Students also perform in a show and enjoy all the terrific activities that Lewis & Clark College has to offer.
Most importantly, CGST is an emotionally safe oasis of love, support, and theatre!
Lewis & Clark College in SW Portland, Oregon
0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR 97219
www.lclark.edu
What address should we use?
You can enroll for camp online, or mail your application to:
Columbia Gorge School of Theatre (winter address)
La Center, WA 98629 USA
All enrollment info will be mailed to the La Center address even while camp is in session.
During camp, students can receive mail at:
Conference & Events Office
c/o Columbia Gorge School of Theatre, Your Name
0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd
What are your facilities?
At Lewis & Clark College we will be staying in newer dorm rooms, built in 1998 with modern amenities, including an elevator. It's a smaller campus so less distance between the classrooms, dorm, theatre, and cafeteria. And there is air conditioning in the classrooms and the cafeteria!
What classes do you offer?
CGST offers a variety of theatre classes to challenge and inspire. Each Session offers different classes. Click here for information on the different classes offered.
Is there an opportunity to perform?
Everyone gets to be in a show! Each session offers a different performance opportunity. We feel that theatre students learn by doing, and that they grow by being involved in a stage performance. Students get to give feedback on what type of a production they'd like to be a part of (musical, comedy, drama, etc), but not everybody gets their first choice. CGST students are expected to accept their roles professionally and gleefully.
What kind of summer activities do you offer?
CGST offers many chances for recreation during free time. The weekends are the perfect time to relax and engage in various activities after a week of rehearsal and classes. Throughout the summer, the camp counselors work to create activities to keep the weekends eventful. These activities may include: volleyball, soccer, dances, movie nights, jewelry making, hiking the campus, scavenger hunts, and field trips. Overall, it's going to be an exciting summer filled with great times!
What are the dates? What what is a typical day's schedule?
Click here to find out more about the schedule.
When are the applications due?
Since CGST is filled on a first come basis, we urge you to enroll as soon as possible. Some sessions fill up early. If you enroll early, you can save a lot of money!
Do you have to audition to attend?
No. The only requirement to attend is that you love theatre! Some students have a lot of experience, and some have almost no experience. Our curriculum challenges and inspires students of all levels. Since there is so much competition in theatre, we strive to create a safe environment for freedom of expression and risk-taking. Your enthusiasm and willingness to learn are the keys to success at CGST.
How large is the CGST program?
We enroll up to 60 campers at a time. We are committed to keeping the class sizes small, and average 16 campers per class. CGST is not a large camp where students get lost in the shuffle. We are a small, professional theatre training program dedicated to individual growth and instruction. Enrollment is on a first come basis, so remember to enroll early!
Is there a discount if we enroll with a friend?
Yes. If you enroll with a friend, you'll both receive a one-time $50 discount.
How old do you have to be to attend CGST?
CGST is open to campers ages 8-18.
Click here for information on the programs available for each age.
How much does CGST cost?
See the application for the costs of camp. Tuition includes 3 meals a day, snacks, classes, rehearsal, housing, production of shows, a water bottle, a show video, activities, and some field trips. The only additional costs are items you purchase on the campus, or on any field trips. Click here for the current enrollment sheet, which lists the price of each session.
Do you offer scholarships?
CGST offers a limited number of partial need-based scholarships. This is for people who want to attend CGST, but cannot afford to attend. These are only partial scholarships. You will need to fill out a scholarship form, and write a short essay explaining why you think we should grant a scholarship to you. Click here for a scholarship form.
How big is the staff?
Our permanent staff is Executive Director Jan James and Artistic Director Jesse Merz. We also have Camp Directors, a Musical Director, a Dance Director, a Body and Voice Instructor, Camp Counselors, Interns, and CITs. Our student to staff ratio is 1:3. All instructors have teaching experience, a degree in their expertise, and/or professional credits.
Click here to read the staff biographies.
Where does the staff come from?
Our staff comes from all over the USA. Many of our staff members are former campers that return to work for us. Many of our staff members return year after year to enjoy theatre at CGST!
What kind of food is available?
Three meals a day are provided for campers, along with snacks. We accommodate vegetarians, vegans, gluten-free and people with special dietary needs.
What supplies do I have to bring?
Once you enroll, a supply list will be mailed to you in May. For an idea of what is required, click here.
Am I required to have health insurance?
All campers are required to carry health insurance and must furnish the insurance info to us.
Do you accept credit cards?
Yes, we accept Visa and MasterCard, or you can enroll online.
What kind of rules does CGST have?
We want camp to be fun for everyone, and to run as smoothly as possible. Therefore, we have installed some important guidelines for everyone to follow.
We expect all CGST Company members to be supportive of their fellow Company members at all times. Smoking, drinking alcohol, the use of drugs, romantic contact, sneaking out after lights out, and other unacceptable behavior are all strictly prohibited. You are required to sign a statement that you will abstain from such behaviors before you're accepted into the program. If you fail to follow these rules, we will contact your parents, and you will be expelled immediately with no refund. Failure to follow all reasonable directions of any staff member is also grounds for dismissal. At CGST, we believe in a cooperative spirit. Therefore, all students will be required to work together and do some light chores such as sweeping and cleaning throughout the summer. These will be on a rotating basis, and never take up too much time. They can even be fun! :-)
If you already have an application, fill it out today! You can also enroll online. If you have any enrollment questions, you can contact Jan James, Executive Director, at 503-367-2538, or BlueMoon91@aol.com. Click here to apply!
CGST IS AN AMAZING EXPERIENCE. All that's missing is you! If you would like a brochure and an application, email Jan at BlueMoon91@aol.com and she'll mail one to you.
Website designed by Hogan Fritz
Office address: 1217 SE 147th Ave Vancouver, WA 98683, Camp Address: 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR 97219, USA503-367-2538contact@cgst.com


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Report: Obama administration has blocked 75% of potential U.S. airstrikes on ISIS targets
When the world's only superpower retreats, bad things happen. President Obama has been in retreat since he came into office.
From the Washington Free Beacon:
"U.S. military pilots who have returned from the fight against the Islamic State in Iraq are confirming that they were blocked from dropping 75 percent of their ordnance on terror targets because they could not get clearance to launch a strike, according to a leading member of Congress.
"Strikes against the Islamic State (also known as ISIS or ISIL) targets are often blocked due to an Obama administration policy to prevent civilian deaths and collateral damage, according to Rep. Ed Royce (R., Calif.), chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee.
"The policy is being blamed for allowing Islamic State militants to gain strength across Iraq and continue waging terrorist strikes throughout the region and beyond, according to Royce and former military leaders who spoke Wednesday about flaws in the U.S. campaign to combat the Islamic State."
Let's give Barack Obama his due. He has been appeasing our enemies, Iran, Putin, Assad, and frankly ISIS. His strategy morphed from degrade and destroy to contain, as though he could contain them.
Obama has the gall to admonish Netanyahu for retaliating when Israel is bombed by terrorists, a classic example of tolerance for intolerance. And the result is a rise in terror.
Astonishing that Obama has said he is going to maintain his (failed) strategy. This is due to his narcissistic tendencies that refuse to recognize when he is wrong. His delusions are recognized by our enemies, and we see the result.
It ain't pretty.
Obama is woefully inadequate to the leadership task. You can't effectively marshal a coalition by leading from behind.
Come to think of it, Obama's "we've got your back" is more than simply an expression. It happens to be where he likes to position himself, behind everyone else (presumably so he has someone to blame if things go wrong)!
So much for the world leadership position America once held before Obama. In seven short years he has managed to give away the leadership prowess and respect this country has fought over decades to attain and maintain.
And to believe that some 38% still think he is doing a "good" job. Of course, as far as most thinking Americans are concerned that depends on their definition of "job".
Obama has proven superlative at mendacity, ideological obdurateness, incompetence, petulance, hubris, narcissism and tone deafness, and, in deference to the quote in this article, incoherence! By those criteria the majority might agree!
Obama admitted months ago, he really has no plan or strategy. He can't seem to reconcile the intelligence he is getting from the Pentagon and CIA with his thoroughly discredited, obdurate ideology.
So, Obama retreats behind doubling down on what has proven completely ineffective. Obama's idea of "containment" compared to what of most rational people is like night and day. This is the same level of containment he thinks he has achieved with Iran and their nuclear ambitions in his "agreement".
Sadly, for all of us Obama's delusion persists regardless of how many facts reality throws at it.
Obama's claim that his foremost responsibility is to protect the American People, but then to continue to double down on refugee access to the U.S. is symptomatic of this man's total disconnect from reality. Numerous individuals in the intelligence community have flatly stated in interviews that there is no effective vetting in place to handle these individuals.
But that doesn't seem to deter Obama. One can't help but think that Obama has a screw loose somewhere. And as far as "American values" are concerned, he effectively stopped upholding them a long time ago, especially in the area of foreign policy.
Obana's policy is simply no policy, No strategy.
Our reckless withdrawal from Iraq led directly to the growth of ISIS.
After years of cultivating ties with the tough Sunni tribes in the north, the ones who had aligned with Al Qaeda jihadists in the aftermath of Saddam's defeat, the U.S. had achieved a kind of partnership with these groups who feared the Shi'ite majority government that replaced the Sunni dictatorship. They worked with us to kill the extremists: the "awakening".
Unfortunately, when the Bush Administration ended, so did this partnership; its architect, Gen. Petraeus, resigned in a personal scandal, Obama worked hard to pull the soldiers out, against the advice of the military, and the Sunni tribes were left to fend for themselves.
The Shi'ite-dominated military, amateurish but armed to the teeth with U.S. weaponry, proceeded to treat the Sunnis vengefully and brutally, and the Sunnis responded by allying once again with extremists.
And thus ISIS grabbed 25% of Iraq and became a global threat.
Happy now, Mr. President?
Kobe Bryant crash photos were shared widely, widow's lawyers say
Russia's hybrid war against Ukraine has already begun
The Trump family is in hot water again. And Tish James does her homework.
Lawsuit Says Faculty at a Top Arts School Preyed on Students for Decades

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Lindo directs, Stew sings in Berkeley Rep season
By Chad Jones | Bay Area News Group
PUBLISHED: April 6, 2006 at 4:14 a.m. | UPDATED: August 14, 2016 at 9:59 p.m.
MUSIC and freshly minted drama appear to be the hallmarks of Berkeley Repertory Theatre's just-announced 39th season.
Tony Taccone celebrates his 10th year as artistic director during the 2006-'07 season, which begins in September with Bertolt Brecht's "Mother Courage and Her Children" directed by Lisa Peterson in a translation by British playwright David Hare. This co-production with the La Jolla Playhouse features a score by Gina Leishman.
Another co-production, this one with the Public Theatre in New York, bows in October: "Passing Strange." This world-premiere commission from Stew, the singer/songwriter who first garnered notice with the band The Negro Problem, goes from black, middle-class Amsterdam to Berlin and beyond to tell the story of an African-American man searching for authenticity. Music, book and lyrics are by Stew and Heidi Rodewald; Annie Dorsen, who helped create the piece, directs.
After the Berkeley run, "Passing Strange" heads to New York.
The first of two plays in the "limited season" is "All Wear Bowlers," a clown show created and performed by Geoff Sobelle and Trey Lyford. The pair was mentored by Bay Area clown Geoff Hoyle and former Bay Area resident David Shiner during the development of "Bowlers."
Taking their cue from silent film comedians, Sobelle and Lyford's act has been described as "Laurel and Hardy stuck
in a Magritte painting."
The show opens the day after Thanksgiving and runs until Christmas Eve.
With the New Year comes the darkly comic thriller "The Pillowman" by Irish writer Martin McDonagh, author of "The Beauty Queen of Leenane." Berkeley Rep associate artistic director Les Waters directs.
Waters also directs the second "limited season" show: a world-premiere adaptation of Virginia Woolf's "To the Lighthouse" in February.
Adele Shank adapts the novel and San Francisco-based composer Paul Dresher provides a musical score.
Oakland's Delroy Lindo, best known for film work in "Malcolm X" and "The Cider
House Rules," steps into a new role — director. He'll helm "The Blue Door," a new play by Tanya Barfield, recently named by Ms. magazine as "one of the 21 young women to watch in the 21st century."
The drama, about a mathematics professor visited by his African-American ancestors, opens in April 2007.
The final show of the season, opening in May, is still to be announced.
"I feel that no other theater in America could present this combination of work," Taccone said. "We're Berkeley Repertory Theatre, which means we have an opportunity — therefore an obligation — to say what others cannot… We're committed to making Berkeley Rep a comfort zone for as many different people as we can."
Season subscriptions range from $120 to $371. Single tickets go on sale in August. Call (510) 647-2949 or visit http://www.berkeleyrep.org for information.
You can e-mail Chad Jones at cjones@angnewspapers.com or call (925) 416-4853. For more visit http://www.insidebayarea.com/stage.


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Home » Perspectives » Story
At a crossroads
The lingering downturn offers the ideal opportunity to the HVAC industry on how to approach the comfort-cooling needs of the region
CCME Content Team | Follow @ccmenews | Apr 20, 2011 | 5:17 pm
The lingering downturn offers the ideal opportunity to the HVAC industry on how to approach the comfort-cooling needs of the region in a manner that is financially and environmentally sustainable and, at the same time, respects the needs of end-users for a cost-effective and reliable regimen. By B Surendar
B Surendar
The construction boom in Dubai in 2002 and the subsequent developments in Abu Dhabi triggered the ascent of district cooling in the GCC. With the announcement of one mega project after another, district cooling took centre-stage as the approach of choice and as even the be-all and end-all solution to comfort cooling needs. With it came a string of bad practices, though, be it over-designing to capacity and the resultant profligacy when it came to tunneling chilled water piping networks or haphazard financial structuring.
Such was the euphoria, though, that all these were glossed over. In conference after conference, any talk of the need for best practices and a quality-based approach to comfort cooling was drowned in the buzz.
And then the downturn happened, and it brought in its wake a realisation of the grave errors. As projects either slowed down or were suspended, many of the chilled water networks suddenly came to represent 'dollars lying buried in the sand'. A reverse situation involved those buildings completed on schedule. Quite a few were designed to receive chilled water; however, their owners soon discovered that the district cooling companies contracted to provide them the chilled water were no longer in a position to connect them to their plants, considering it was prohibitively expensive to dig chilled water networks. In desperation, the owners had to eventually invest in standalone chilled water plants.
Yet another issue that came to the fore involved the end-user community. For long ignored during the euphoria, the end-users began to demand a better quality of service. The most common complaints were inadequate cooling to their apartments or villas and what they felt as exorbitant demand charges levied on them. Naturally, they resisted, causing crease-lines to appear on the district cooling establishment.
Things came to a head when Faisal Al Kamali, the Head of Infrastructure at Aldar Properties, famously declared during a September 2010 conference in Abu Dhabi that he was not averse to the idea of opting for standalone systems in place of district cooling for future mega-projects. Standalone systems, he said, involved far less capital expenditure and, in a 20-year lifecycle, cost substantially less than district cooling systems, in terms of operations, maintenance and replacement of equipment.
For several decades, standalone systems have been the approach of choice in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and other GCC entities. They have been popular precisely because they have come at a substantially reduced capital cost. Standalone systems enjoy 90% market penetration in the UAE and 93% in the rest of the GCC. For long, though, standalone systems, like window air conditioners and splits, have not known to be energy efficient. The construction industry embraced them, though, because energy efficiency was not a prominent term in the world's lexicon and consciousness. With awareness towards global warming building up, questions started being raised about the greenness of standalone systems. And that was how district cooling came to the fore.
Today, though, proponents of standalone systems claim that they have champions in VRVs and VRFs. While fulfilling the main demand – lower capital investment when compared to district cooling – the new standalone systems, the proponents say, also score high on energy efficiency.
This has opened up an interesting possibility – that standalone systems can compete shoulder to shoulder with the best that district cooling has to offer and can ease the uncertainty engendered by the downturn. It no longer has to be district cooling as the be-all and end-all solution, the proponents of standalone systems argue. Instead, the industry can adopt a horses-for-courses approach and choose what is best for a given application.
It is important for the HVAC industry to understand and embrace this paradigm shift. The downturn has provided opportunities for all. While it has opened the doors wide for the new types of standalone systems, it has provided the district cooling industry an opportunity to realign its approach and to adopt best practices that will stand it in good stead. These include designing as per load requirements, evolving a mechanism of off-take agreements, based on load profiles, and identifying the parties that should bear the costs for laying the piping networks. An off-take guarantee is one of the key elements that banks look for while financing projects. Equally, the district cooling industry should pump for regulation, be it in securing treated sewage effluent (TSE) or power – at rates conducive to its requirements. For this, though, it has to present a convincing and compelling story of how it can benefit the utilities in their search for power security and how, considering power subsidies are unsustainable in the long run, district cooling is the way forward in applications best suited to it. And perhaps most important, it has to win over the end-users by adopting a tariff mechanism that is fair and balanced, and by educating them on the benefits of district cooling and on how the savings are being passed on to them. And for this, it should start with installing reliable sub-metering systems that are easy to access, maintain and operate.
No one has questioned the effectiveness of district cooling. Indeed, examples abound of successful district cooling and district heating regimens in the US and in northern Europe and of how they have shaved entire megawatts of energy off the power grids and brought succour to the electricity utilities. At the same time, it must be remembered that the success of those regimens have been based on sound qualitative principles of proper design and management practices, all the while keeping the interests of end-users in mind.
In all, district cooling and the new wave of standalone systems represent the way forward for the HVAC industry in its bid to provide comfort cooling in a cost-effective, environmentally sustainable and reliable manner. The onus is on the industry to propose the right approach on a case-by-case basis, so that the outcome matches the intent. The GCC needs the support of the HVAC industry from a broad perspective. At the height of the boom, the talk was that the GCC would need 15 million tonnes of refrigeration (TR) by 2015, though it must be added that even then, some greeted the estimate with incredulity. Given the current circumstances, the figure has been substantially readjusted, but there will come a time when 15 million TR will be a necessity. Saudi Arabia needs to build more homes for its burgeoning population. According to current estimates, the Kingdom requires 15 million homes by 2015, and all the units will need cooling. The UAE, in the context of the recent unrest in northern Africa and in Bahrain and in Oman, is perceived as a safe haven, and as such, is likely to attract businesses and those seeking employment, which will lead to an increase in occupancy of buildings and, thus, an increase in demand for projects. And Qatar, with the 2022 FIFA World Cup as a target, also will see a ramp-up in comfort cooling demand, though the question remains – what after the tournament? But that's beside the point.
For all the cooling, a key requirement is power. It is common knowledge that air conditioning accounts for 70% of the total power consumed by a typical building in the GCC. An increase in population and the resultant increase in demand for residential, commercial and mixed-used developments will see power consumption increase by several notches, something that the GCC would like to keep in check. Already Saudi Arabia is battling with the issue. Currently, the Kingdom produces eight million barrels of oil a day, of which it consumes three million for domestic purposes, including for power generation, leaving it with only five million to export. The demand for oil for domestic consumption is increasing by eight per cent a year, which if left unchecked, will result in a scenario where more than 50% of the oil produced in a day, will be needed to run power generators. Saudi Arabia needs a solution, and air conditioning and co-generation systems constitute that. The rest of the GCC countries also need a solution. When viewed from that perspective, the HVAC industry needs to rise to the occasion – and urgently at that.


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I offer practical advice for current and aspiring CEOs.
What makes a great manager? According to Peter E. Friedes in his book The 2R Manager: When to Relate, When to Require and How to Do Both Effectively, the best managers relate well to their employees but also set strong requirements for performance. Most leaders tend to focus more on relating or requiring, but Friedes says you have to do both equally well. I have learned that any of us can be more balanced in our approach if we understand where our natural tendencies lie and put in the effort to improve our management and leadership skills.
Two particular executives I worked with provide a good example of the contrast between relating and requiring. One was the consummate people person and focused exclusively on the professional and emotional needs of his employees. He knew the names of their kids, their career goals, and everything going on in their lives that might affect their work.
The problem was that when it came to the actual work of the employees and delivering results for the business, he was totally disconnected. He believed that if everyone was happy the work would take care of itself. In many cases this is true, and employees liked working for him. But over time performance issues arose in his area. If an employee was a weak performer and needed to improve specific skills, this executive couldn't help. He didn't track the details of projects and therefore didn't know when issues were developing. I tried to guide him, but it was difficult for me to teach him a different mindset.
The other executive was a master strategist. He had no relationship with his people and little impact on his team. He was so out of touch; it was almost like having no one in the position at all. He was a valuable member of the executive team from a strategic perspective, but he provided no coaching, no mentoring, and no value to the employees.
Getting too close to employees makes managing them difficult, just as a laissez-faire or dictatorial approach does. Balancing between relating and requiring necessitates understanding where you are on the spectrum. There are several ways to do this. Friedes provides a simple assessment in his book that managers can give to their direct reports in order to understand where they are on the spectrum.
Another great resource that takes a similar approach to Friedes' (because both are based on essential management research that began in the 1960s) is Bankable Leadership by Dr. Tasha Eurich. Her model addresses the fact that we tend to pit good relationships against great results, but the solution is to understand that you can have both through simple, modern management practices. She offers many helpful tools and approaches in the book and also has an assessment on her Bankable Leadership Web site that allows you to ask others to assess your skills.
It's critical, if you want honest feedback, to find a way to guarantee that the responses are confidential. You might consider using an online survey tool that can be set up to make all responses anonymous. You could also give the responsibility of administering the survey to another person in the organization, such as someone in human resources.
Often managers are surprised to discover that their employees perceive them to be strong in one area (requiring or relating, relationships or results) but weak in the other. Very few managers will be well balanced naturally. Tools like the 2R survey, Gallup Q12 or Bankable Leadership can help you discover your natural tendencies so that you know where to focus your efforts to improve as a leader. These tools also do an excellent job of identifying the best managers, so it may be something that leaders who are responsible for coaching other leaders may want to review.


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PW, Sep 21, 2020
Olympus E-PL8 vs Sony A77 II
The Olympus PEN E-PL8 and the Sony Alpha SLT-A77 II are two digital cameras that were announced, respectively, in September 2016 and May 2014. The E-PL8 is a mirrorless interchangeable lens camera, while the A77 II is a DSLR. The cameras are based on a Four Thirds (E-PL8) and an APS-C (A77 II) sensor. The Olympus has a resolution of 15.9 megapixels, whereas the Sony provides 24 MP.
Sony A77 II
Mirrorless system camera Digital single lens reflex
Micro Four Thirds lenses Sony A mount lenses
15.9 MP, Four Thirds Sensor 24 MP, APS-C Sensor
1080/30p Video 1080/60p Video
ISO 200-6,400 (100 - 25,600) ISO 100-25,600 (50 - 51,200)
Viewfinder optional Electronic viewfinder (2359k dots)
3.0 LCD, 1037k dots 3.0 LCD, 1229k dots
Tilting touchscreen Fully flexible screen (no touchscreen)
8 shutter flaps per second 12 shutter flaps per second
In-body stabilization In-body stabilization
not weather sealed Weathersealed body
115 x 67 x 38 mm, 357 g 143 x 104 x 81 mm, 647 g
Going beyond this snapshot of core features and characteristics, what are the differences between the Olympus PEN E-PL8 and the Sony Alpha SLT-A77 II? Which one should you buy? Read on to find out how these two cameras compare with respect to their body size, their imaging sensors, their shooting features, their input-output connections, and their reception by expert reviewers.
The physical size and weight of the Olympus E-PL8 and the Sony A77 II are illustrated in the side-by-side display below. The two cameras are presented according to their relative size. Three consecutive views from the front, the top, and the rear side are shown. All size dimensions are rounded to the nearest millimeter.
The E-PL8 can be obtained in three different colors (black, brown, white), while the A77 II is only available in black.
If the front view area (width x height) of the cameras is taken as an aggregate measure of their size, the Sony A77 II is considerably larger (93 percent) than the Olympus E-PL8. Moreover, the A77 II is substantially heavier (81 percent) than the E-PL8. It is noteworthy in this context that the A77 II is splash and dust-proof, while the E-PL8 does not feature any corresponding weather-sealing.
Concerning battery life, the E-PL8 gets 350 shots out of its BLS-50 battery, while the A77 II can take 480 images on a single charge of its NP-FM500H power pack.
The table below summarizes the key physical specs of the two cameras alongside a broader set of comparators. If you want to switch the focus of the display and review another camera pair, you can move across to the CAM-parator tool and choose from the broad selection of possible camera comparisons there.
Olympus E-PL8 4.5 in 2.6 in 1.5 in 12.6 oz 350 n Sep 2016 549
Sony A77 II 5.6 in 4.1 in 3.2 in 22.8 oz 480 Y May 2014 1,199
Nikon D7200 5.4 in 4.2 in 3.0 in 27.0 oz 1110 Y Mar 2015 1,199
Nikon D7100 5.4 in 4.2 in 3.0 in 27.0 oz 950 Y Feb 2013 1,199
Olympus E-PL10 4.6 in 2.7 in 1.5 in 13.4 oz 350 n Oct 2019 599
Olympus E-PL9 4.6 in 2.7 in 1.5 in 13.4 oz 350 n Feb 2018 599
Olympus E-M10 III 4.8 in 3.3 in 2.0 in 14.5 oz 330 n Aug 2017 649
Olympus E-M10 II 4.7 in 3.3 in 1.9 in 13.8 oz 320 n Aug 2015 649
Olympus E-PL7 4.5 in 2.6 in 1.5 in 12.6 oz 350 n Aug 2014 599
Olympus E-PL6 4.4 in 2.5 in 1.5 in 11.5 oz 360 n May 2013 599
Olympus E-PM2 4.3 in 2.5 in 1.3 in 9.5 oz 360 n Sep 2012 499
Panasonic GX85 4.8 in 2.8 in 1.7 in 15.0 oz 290 n Apr 2016 799
Panasonic G7 4.9 in 3.4 in 3.0 in 14.5 oz 350 n May 2015 649
Sony A68 5.6 in 4.1 in 3.2 in 21.5 oz 540 n Nov 2015 699
Sony A7 II 5.0 in 3.8 in 2.4 in 21.1 oz 350 Y Nov 2014 1,999
Sony A77 5.6 in 4.1 in 3.2 in 25.8 oz 470 Y Aug 2011 1,399
The price is, of course, an important factor in any camera decision. The listed launch prices provide an indication of the market segment that the manufacturer of the cameras have been targeting. The E-PL8 was launched at a markedly lower price (by 54 percent) than the A77 II, which puts it into a different market segment. Usually, retail prices stay at first close to the launch price, but after several months, discounts become available. Later in the product cycle and, in particular, when the replacement model is about to appear, further discounting and stock clearance sales often push the camera price considerably down. Then, after the new model is out, very good deals can frequently be found on the pre-owned market.
The imaging sensor is at the core of digital cameras and its size is one of the main determining factors of image quality. A large sensor will generally have larger individual pixels that offer better low-light sensitivity, provide wider dynamic range, and have richer color-depth than smaller pixels in a sensor of the same technological generation. Moreover, a large sensor camera will give the photographer more control over depth-of-field in the image and, thus, the ability to better isolate a subject from the background. On the downside, larger sensors tend to be more expensive and lead to bigger and heavier cameras and lenses.
Of the two cameras under consideration, the Olympus E-PL8 features a Four Thirds sensor and the Sony A77 II an APS-C sensor. The sensor area in the A77 II is 63 percent bigger. As a result of these sensor size differences, the cameras have a format factor of, respectively, 2.0 and 1.5. The sensor in the E-PL8 has a native 4:3 aspect ratio, while the one in the A77 II offers a 3:2 aspect.
With 24MP, the A77 II offers a higher resolution than the E-PL8 (15.9MP), but the A77 II nevertheless has larger individual pixels (pixel pitch of 3.91μm versus 3.76μm for the E-PL8) due to its larger sensor. However, the E-PL8 is a much more recent model (by 2 years and 4 months) than the A77 II, and its sensor will have benefitted from technological advances during this time that enhance the light gathering capacity of its pixel-units.
The resolution advantage of the Sony A77 II implies greater flexibility for cropping images or the possibility to print larger pictures. The maximum print size of the A77 II for good quality output (200 dots per inch) amounts to 30 x 20 inches or 76.2 x 50.8 cm, for very good quality (250 dpi) 24 x 16 inches or 61 x 40.6 cm, and for excellent quality (300 dpi) 20 x 13.3 inches or 50.8 x 33.9 cm. The corresponding values for the Olympus E-PL8 are 23 x 17.3 inches or 58.5 x 43.9 cm for good quality, 18.4 x 13.8 inches or 46.8 x 35.1 cm for very good quality, and 15.4 x 11.5 inches or 39 x 29.3 cm for excellent quality prints.
The Olympus PEN E-PL8 has a native sensitivity range from ISO 200 to ISO 6400, which can be extended to ISO 100-25600. The corresponding ISO settings for the Sony Alpha SLT-A77 II are ISO 100 to ISO 25600, with the possibility to increase the ISO range to 50-51200.
Consistent information on actual sensor performance is available from DXO Mark for many cameras. This service assesses and scores the color depth ("DXO Portrait"), dynamic range ("DXO Landscape"), and low-light sensitivity ("DXO Sports") of camera sensors, and also publishes an overall camera score. The table below summarizes the physical sensor characteristics and sensor quality findings and compares them across a set of similar cameras.
Olympus E-PL8 Four Thirds 15.9 4608 3456 1080/30p .. .. .. ..
Sony A77 II APS-C 24.0 6000 4000 1080/60p .. .. .. ..
Nikon D7200 APS-C 24.0 6000 4000 1080/60p 24.5 14.6 1333 87
Olympus E-PL10 Four Thirds 15.9 4608 3456 4K/30p .. .. .. ..
Olympus E-PL9 Four Thirds 15.9 4608 3456 4K/30p .. .. .. ..
Olympus E-M10 III Four Thirds 15.9 4608 3456 4K/30p .. .. .. ..
Olympus E-M10 II Four Thirds 15.9 4608 3456 1080/60p 23.1 12.5 842 73
Olympus E-PL7 Four Thirds 15.9 4608 3456 1080/30p 22.7 12.4 873 72
Olympus E-PM2 Four Thirds 15.9 4608 3456 1080/30p 22.7 12.2 932 72
Panasonic GX85 Four Thirds 15.8 4592 3448 4K/30p 22.9 12.6 662 71
Panasonic G7 Four Thirds 15.8 4592 3448 4K/30p .. .. .. ..
Sony A68 APS-C 24.0 6000 4000 1080/60i 24.1 13.5 701 79
Sony A7 II Full Frame 24.0 6000 4000 1080/60p 24.9 13.6 2449 90
Sony A77 APS-C 24.0 6000 4000 1080/60p 24.0 13.2 801 78
Many modern cameras are not only capable of taking still images, but also of capturing video footage. Both cameras under consideration have a sensor with sufficiently fast read-out times for moving pictures, but the A77 II provides a faster frame rate than the E-PL8. It can shoot movie footage at 1080/60p, while the Olympus is limited to 1080/30p.
Apart from body and sensor, cameras can and do differ across a variety of features. For example, the A77 II has an electronic viewfinder (2359k dots), which can be very helpful when shooting in bright sunlight. In contrast, the E-PL8 relies on live view and the rear LCD for framing. That said, the E-PL8 can be equipped with an optional viewfinder – the VF-4. The table below summarizes some of the other core capabilities of the Olympus E-PL8 and Sony A77 II in connection with corresponding information for a sample of similar cameras.
Olympus E-PL8 optional n 3.0 1037 tilting Y 1/4000s 8.0 n Y
Sony A77 II 2359 Y 3.0 1229 full-flex n 1/8000s 12.0 Y Y
Nikon D7200 optical Y 3.2 1229 fixed n 1/8000s 6.0 Y n
Olympus E-PL10 none n 3.0 1040 tilting Y 1/4000s 8.6 Y Y
Olympus E-PL9 none n 3.0 1040 tilting Y 1/4000s 8.6 Y Y
Olympus E-M10 III 2360 n 3.0 1040 tilting Y 1/4000s 8.6 Y Y
Olympus E-M10 II 2360 n 3.0 1040 tilting Y 1/4000s 8.0 Y Y
Olympus E-PL6 optional n 3.0 460 tilting Y 1/4000s 8.0 n Y
Olympus E-PM2 optional n 3.0 460 fixed Y 1/4000s 8.0 n Y
Panasonic GX85 2765 n 3.0 1040 tilting Y 1/4000s 8.0 Y Y
Panasonic G7 2360 n 3.0 1040 swivel Y 1/4000s 7.0 Y n
Sony A68 1440 Y 2.7 460 tilting n 1/4000s 8.0 Y Y
Sony A7 II 2400 n 3.0 1230 tilting n 1/8000s 5.0 n Y
Sony A77 2359 Y 3.0 921 full-flex n 1/8000s 12.0 Y Y
One differentiating feature between the two cameras concerns the touch sensitivity of the rear screen. The E-PL8 has a touchscreen, while the A77 II has a conventional panel. Touch control can be particularly helpful, for example, for setting the focus point.
Both cameras have an articulated rear screen that can be turned to be front-facing. This feature will be particularly appreciated by vloggers and photographers who are interested in taking selfies.
The Olympus E-PL8 has an intervalometer built-in. This enables the photographer to capture time lapse sequences, such as flower blooming, a sunset or moon rise, without purchasing an external camera trigger and related software.
The E-PL8 writes its imaging data to SDXC cards, while the A77 II uses SDXC or Memory Stick PRO Duo cards. Both cameras can use UHS-I cards, which provide for Ultra High Speed data transfer of up to 104 MB/s.
For some imaging applications, the extent to which a camera can communicate with its environment can be an important aspect in the camera decision process. The table below provides an overview of the connectivity of the Olympus PEN E-PL8 and Sony Alpha SLT-A77 II and, in particular, the interfaces the cameras (and selected comparators) provide for accessory control and data transfer.
Olympus E-PL8 Y stereo mono - - micro 2.0 Y - -
Sony A77 II Y stereo mono Y - mini 2.0 Y Y -
Nikon D7200 Y stereo mono Y Y mini 2.0 Y Y -
Nikon D7100 Y stereo mono Y Y mini 2.0 - - -
Olympus E-PL10 Y stereo mono - - micro 2.0 Y - Y
Olympus E-PL9 Y stereo mono - - micro 2.0 Y - Y
Olympus E-M10 III Y stereo mono - - micro 2.0 Y - -
Olympus E-M10 II Y stereo mono - - micro 2.0 Y - -
Olympus E-PL6 Y stereo mono - - mini 2.0 - - -
Olympus E-PM2 Y stereo mono - - mini 2.0 - - -
Panasonic GX85 Y stereo mono - - micro 2.0 Y - -
Panasonic G7 Y stereo mono Y - micro 2.0 Y - -
Sony A68 Y stereo mono Y - micro 2.0 - - -
Sony A7 II Y stereo mono Y Y micro 2.0 Y Y -
Sony A77 Y stereo mono Y - mini 2.0 - - -
It is notable that the A77 II has a microphone port, which can help to improve the quality of audio recordings by attaching an external microphone. The E-PL8 does not feature such a mic input.
Studio photographers will appreciate that the Sony A77 II (unlike the E-PL8) features a PC Sync socket, so that professional strobe lights can be controlled by the camera.
The A77 II is a recent model that features in the current product line-up of Sony. In contrast, the E-PL8 has been discontinued (but can be found pre-owned on eBay). As a replacement in the same line of cameras, the E-PL8 was succeeded by the Olympus E-PL9. Further information on the two cameras (e.g. user guides, manuals), as well as related accessories, can be found on the official Olympus and Sony websites.
So what is the bottom line? Which of the two cameras – the Olympus E-PL8 or the Sony A77 II – has the upper hand? Is one clearly better than the other? Below is a summary of the relative strengths of each of the two contestants.
Advantages of the Olympus PEN E-PL8:
More compact: Is smaller (115x67mm vs 143x104mm) and thus needs less room in the bag.
Less heavy: Is lighter (by 290g or 45 percent) and hence easier to carry around.
More legacy lens friendly: Can take a broad range of non-native lenses via adapters.
More modern: Reflects 2 years and 4 months of technical progress since the A77 II launch.
Reasons to prefer the Sony Alpha SLT-A77 II:
More detail: Has more megapixels (24 vs 15.9MP), which boosts linear resolution by 25%.
Better video: Provides higher movie framerates (1080/60p versus 1080/30p).
Better sound: Can connect to an external microphone for higher quality sound recording.
Easier setting verification: Features a control panel on top to check shooting parameters.
More detailed LCD: Has a higher resolution rear screen (1229k vs 1037k dots).
More flexible LCD: Has a full-flex screen for odd-angle shots in portrait or landscape orientation.
Better sealing: Is splash and dust sealed for shooting in inclement weather conditions.
Easier fill-in: Has a small integrated flash to brighten shadows of backlit subjects.
If the count of individual advantages (bullet points above) is taken as a guide, the A77 II is the clear winner of the contest (19 : 7 points). However, the relative importance of the various individual camera aspects will vary according to personal preferences and needs, so that you might like to apply corresponding weights to the particular features before making a decision on a new camera. A professional sports photographer will view the differences between cameras in a way that diverges from the perspective of a street photog, and a person interested in family portraits has distinct needs from a landscape shooter. Hence, the decision which camera is best and worth buying is often a very personal one.
E-PL8 07:19 A77 II
How about other alternatives? Do the specifications of the Olympus E-PL8 and the Sony A77 II place the cameras among the top in their class? Find out in the latest Best Mirrorless Interchangeable Lens Camera and Best DSLR Camera listings whether the two cameras rank among the cream of the crop.
In any case, while the comparison of technical specifications can provide a useful overview of the capabilities of different cameras, it remains partial and cannot reveal, for example, the shooting experience and imaging performance when actually working with the E-PL8 or the A77 II. User reviews, such as those found at amazon, can sometimes inform about these issues, but such feedback is often incomplete, inconsistent, and biased.
This is why expert reviews are important. The following table reports the overall ratings of the cameras as published by some of the major camera review sites (cameralabs, dpreview, ephotozine, imaging-resource, and photographyblog). As can be seen, the professional reviewers agree in many cases on the quality of different cameras, but sometimes their assessments diverge, reinforcing the earlier point that a camera decision is often a very personal choice.
Olympus E-PL8 .. .. 4.5/5 .. 4/5 Sep 2016 549
Sony A77 II .. 80/100 4.5/5 4/5 5/5 May 2014 1,199
Nikon D7200 + + 84/100 4.5/5 4/5 4.5/5 Mar 2015 1,199
Nikon D7100 + + 85/100 4.5/5 5/5 4.5/5 Feb 2013 1,199
Olympus E-PL10 .. 77/100 .. .. 4/5 Oct 2019 599
Olympus E-PL9 + .. 4.5/5 4.5/5 4/5 Feb 2018 599
Olympus E-M10 III + 80/100 4.5/5 4/5 4.5/5 Aug 2017 649
Olympus E-M10 II + + 80/100 5/5 5/5 5/5 Aug 2015 649
Olympus E-PL7 + .. 5/5 4.5/5 4/5 Aug 2014 599
Olympus E-PL6 .. .. .. .. .. May 2013 599
Olympus E-PL5 + + .. 4.5/5 4.5/5 4.5/5 Sep 2012 599
Olympus E-PM2 .. 77/100 5/5 4.5/5 4.5/5 Sep 2012 499
Panasonic GX85 + + 82/100 5/5 4.5/5 5/5 Apr 2016 799
Panasonic G7 + + 80/100 5/5 4.5/5 4.5/5 May 2015 649
Sony A68 .. .. 4/5 .. 4/5 Nov 2015 699
Sony A7 II + 82/100 4.5/5 5/5 5/5 Nov 2014 1,999
Sony A77 91/100 81/100 .. 4.5/5 5/5 Aug 2011 1,399
The above review scores should be interpreted with care, though. The ratings were established in reference to similarly priced cameras that were available in the market at the time of the review. Hence, a score should always be seen in the context of the camera's market launch date and its price, and comparisons of ratings among very different cameras or across long time periods have little meaning. Also, please note that some of the review sites have changed their methodology and reporting over time.
Olympus E-PL8:
Check Ebay offers Sony A77 II:
Did this review help to inform your camera decision process? In case you are interested in seeing how other cameras pair up, just make a corresponding selection in the search boxes below. There is also a set of direct links to comparison reviews that other users of the CAM-parator app explored.
Canon G16 vs Olympus E-PL8
Olympus E-M1X vs Olympus E-PL8
Olympus E-PL8 vs Panasonic GF2
Ricoh GR II vs Sony A77 II
Samsung NX30 vs Sony A77 II
Sony A7 III vs Sony A77 II
Specifications: Olympus E-PL8 vs Sony A77 II
Camera Type Mirrorless system camera Digital single lens reflex
Camera Lens Micro Four Thirds lenses Sony A mount lenses
Launch Date September 2016 May 2014
Launch Price USD 549 USD 1,199
Sensor Specs Olympus E-PL8 Sony A77 II
Sensor Format Four Thirds Sensor APS-C Sensor
Sensor Area 224.9 mm2 366.6 mm2
Sensor Resolution 15.9 Megapixels 24 Megapixels
Movie Capability 1080/30p Video 1080/60p Video
ISO Setting 200 - 6,400 ISO 100 - 25,600 ISO
ISO Boost 100 - 25,600 ISO 50 - 51,200 ISO
Image Processor TruePic VII BIONZ X
Screen Specs Olympus E-PL8 Sony A77 II
Viewfinder Type Viewfinder optional Electronic viewfinder
Top-Level Screen no Top Display Control Panel
LCD Resolution 1037k dots 1229k dots
LCD Attachment Tilting screen Fully flexible screen
Shooting Specs Olympus E-PL8 Sony A77 II
Continuous Shooting 8 shutter flaps/s 12 shutter flaps/s
Image Stabilization In-body stabilization In-body stabilization
Fill Flash no On-Board Flash Build-in Flash
UHS card support UHS-I UHS-I
Connectivity Specs Olympus E-PL8 Sony A77 II
Studio Flash no PC Sync PC Sync socket
Microphone Port no MIC socket External MIC port
Wifi Support Wifi built-in Wifi built-in
Near-Field Communication no NFC NFC built-in
Body Specs Olympus E-PL8 Sony A77 II
Environmental Sealing not weather sealed Weathersealed body
Battery Type BLS-50 NP-FM500H
You are here: Home » CAM-parator » Olympus E-PL8 vs Sony A77 II


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Sezon 1967 był szóstym sezonem Sowieckiej Formuły 1. Mistrzem został Jewgienij Pawłow, ścigający się ASK.

Kalendarz wyścigów

Klasyfikacja kierowców

Przypisy

1967 w sportach motorowych
1967

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
You are here: Home Page > Social Sciences > Politics > Comparative Politics > The Warrior State
The Warrior State
Pakistan in the Contemporary World
T.V. Paul
Comprehensive treatment of Pakistan's insecurity predicament using literature from history, sociology, religious studies, international relations.
Develops the concept of 'geostrategic curse', an important notion similar to 'resource curse' and 'oil curse'
Powerful tool for policymakers and scholars alike to understand this pivotal yet troubled country in a comprehensive and insightful way
Seemingly from its birth, Pakistan has teetered on the brink of becoming a failed state. Today, it ranks 133rd out of 148 countries in global competitiveness. Its economy is as dysfunctional as its political system is corrupt; both rely heavily on international aid for their existence. Taliban forces occupy 30 percent of the country. It possesses over a hundred nuclear weapons that could easily fall into terrorists' hands. Why, in an era when countries across the developing world are experiencing impressive economic growth and building democratic institutions, has Pakistan been such a conspicuous failure?
In The Warrior State, noted international relations and South Asia scholar T.V. Paul untangles this fascinating riddle. Paul argues that the "geostrategic curse"—akin to the "resource curse" that plagues oil-rich autocracies—is at the root of Pakistan's unique inability to progress. Since its founding in 1947, Pakistan has been at the center of major geopolitical struggles: the US-Soviet rivalry, the conflict with India, and most recently the post 9/11 wars. No matter how ineffective the regime is, massive foreign aid keeps pouring in from major powers and their allies with a stake in the region. The reliability of such aid defuses any pressure on political elites to launch the far-reaching domestic reforms necessary to promote sustained growth, higher standards of living, and more stable democratic institutions. Paul shows that excessive war-making efforts have drained Pakistan's limited economic resources without making the country safer or more stable. Indeed, despite the regime's emphasis on security, the country continues to be beset by widespread violence and terrorism.
In an age of transnational terrorism and nuclear proliferation, understanding Pakistan's development, particularly the negative effects of foreign aid and geopolitical centrality, is more important than ever. Painstakingly researched and brilliantly The Warrior State tackles what may be the world's most dangerous powder keg and uncovers the true causes of Pakistan's enormously consequential failure.
1. War and Development
2. The Causes
3. A Short History
4. The Garrison State
5. The Geostrategic Urge
6. Religion and Politics
7. Comparing Pakistan
8. The Warrior State Today
T.V. Paul, James McGill Professor of International Relations, McGill University
T.V. Paul is James McGill Professor of International Relations at McGill University, Montreal, and a leading scholar of international security, regional security, and South Asia. His 15 published books include: South Asia's Weak States: Understanding the Regional Insecurity Predicament; The India-Pakistan Conflict: An Enduring Rivalry; India in the World Order: Searching for Major Power Status; Globalization and the National Security State, and Status in World Politics. He has also published over 55 journal articles and book chapters and has lectured at research institutions internationally. He is the editor of the book series: South Asia in World Affairs and was the founding director of the McGill/University of Montreal Center for International Peace and Security Studies (CIPSS). During 2013-14 Paul served as vice-president of the International Studies Association (ISA).
"Grim yet thoughtful... an insightful and harsh portrait of a dysfunctional nation." - Kirkus Reviews
"Paul lucidly and comprehensively explains the historical circumstances that led to 'a dearth of strong political leaders or political parties with a deep democratic sense of commitment' and created incentives for Pakistan's elite to pursue irresponsible policies... This sobering study will appeal to anyone interested in the region." - Publishers Weekly
"Pakistan and its army sometimes seem to be the same entity. They are not, and no book other than The Warrior State better places Pakistan's army and the state in their international and comparative settings. It will be essential to scholars of the Subcontinent and of international and comparative politics, as well as all those interested in knowing why this country became the way it did." - Stephen P. Cohen, Brookings Institution and author of Shooting for a Century: The India-Pakistan Conundrum
"In The Warrior State, T.V. Paul clarifies why nuclear-armed Pakistan continues to neglect all other aspects of development to maintain military parity with India. Even those who disagree with some of his conclusions will find useful his explanation of Pakistan's insecurities and the policies they have inspired. This book is a valuable addition to the literature on Pakistan's dysfunction and that dysfunction's nexus with militarism and Jihadi militancy." - Husain Haqqani, former ambassador of Pakistan to the United States and Professor of International Relations, Boston University and author of Pakistan Between Mosque and Military
"The Warrior State is a provocative and insightful review of Pakistan's tortured politics filled with interesting comparisons to other Muslim and emerging states." - Bruce Riedel, Director of the Brookings Institution's Intelligence Project
"T.V. Paul's book is a timely commentary on Pakistan's perennial search for stability." - Shuja Nawaz, Director, South Asia Center, Atlantic Council and author of Crossed Swords: Pakistan, its Army, and the Wars Within
"The Warrior State provides an unusual perspective on the links between Pakistan's army-dominated political system and the weakness of the Pakistani state, looking at the different experience of some other army-dominated countries. A thought-provoking contribution." - Teresita Schaffer, retired U.S. Ambassador, Brookings Institution
Benazir Bhutto's mixed legacy
By T.V. Paul Benazir Bhutto, the daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, had been prime minister of Pakistan twice: first in December 1988, and a second time in October 1993 after the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) managed to win two elections under her leadership. Both times the presidents (heads of state) dismissed Bhutto before she completed her full term.
Q&A with T.V. Paul on the 25th anniversary of Benazir Bhutto's election
Twenty-five years ago today, Benazir Bhutto became the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan and the first female head of government in a Muslim country. T.V. Paul, author of The Warrior State: Pakistan in the Contemporary World, joins us to discuss her legacy, the role of women in Pakistani politics today, and the changing shape of political parties in Pakistan.
Bhutto and the Breakup of Pakistan
Mohammed Yunus
Pakistan's Foreign Policy
Shahid M. Amin
The Dynamics of Criminological Research
Jennifer Schulenberg
Politics of Welfare
Louise Tillin, Rajeshwari Deshpande, K. K. Kailash
The Politics of Gender Justice at the International Criminal Court
Louise Chappell
The Left Divided
Sara Watson
Ashwani Peetush, Jay Drydyk
Changing Referents
Leigh Jenco
Who Is Worthy of Protection?
Meghana Nayak
Social Sciences > Politics > Comparative Politics


Growing up as the daughter of immigrant agricultural farm workers has never been really easy for me. You never know if you'll be able to attend the same school. You always tend to be the new kid at school and in the neighborhood. Despite all of the circumstances I still had one goal in mind and that was to strive and become successful to make my parents proud. I wanted to become everything and anything my parents were never able to accomplish because of their economic and social status with those goals in mind, I knew I needed an education to accomplish such things. School became my getaway place where I was able to learn and show my academic talents. I was able to stick my face in a book and explore new places, things, and cultures in which I became more knowledgeable. It was as if school was the only place where I could be myself and forget the fact that maybe when I came back home, I would have to move schools and /or home. I enjoyed school because I was able to learn and help other classmates as well. I've never liked to see someone sad or ill because instantly I wanted to help them with their needs. In school, I began to have more interest in science than any other subject. I was fascinated by the atoms and molecules that made up our body and the world around us. Science has always intrigued me, and I always wanted to know more about everything around us and science seemed to always have the answer to most of my questions. With science being my focal point, I began to look into future careers that involved science and helping others and soon I discovered that I wanted to become a Pediatrician. Seeing my parents come home tired from their long and harsh work day always made me want to push myself even more, I wouldn't want to fail them for everything they have done for me. I always made school a priority and necessity so that I would make myself someone important in this world. While school was in session it seemed to be that the outside world had no importance to me, but soon I would long for the school year to begin. Going on summer vacation and school breaks always made me somewhat upset, because I knew that I wasn't going to go on vacations like many of my other friends instead I would be babysat at my house. I would hardly see my parents and I soon wanted to help them out at home so that they could come home and relax. I began to mature mentally at an early age to help out my parents; I didn't want them to come home tired and still have to do the house duties. I knew that school would be back in session soon and that I could unravel my brain back into books.
'sumary_resume' => '         Growing up as the daughter of immigrant agricultural farm workers has never been really easy for me. You never know if you'll be able to attend the same school. You always tend to be the new kid at school and in the neighborhood.  Despite all of the circumstances I still had one goal in mind and that was to strive and become successful to make my parents proud. I wanted to become everything and anything my parents were never able to accomplish because of their economic and social status with those goals in mind, I knew I needed an education to accomplish such things.
School became my getaway place where I was able to learn and show my academic talents. I was able to stick my face in a book and explore new places, things, and cultures in which I became more knowledgeable. It was as if school was the only place where I could be myself and forget the fact that maybe when I came back home, I would have to move schools and /or home. I enjoyed school because I was able to learn and help other classmates as well. I've never liked to see someone sad or ill because instantly I wanted to help them with their needs. In school, I began to have more interest in science than any other subject. I was fascinated by the atoms and molecules that made up our body and the world around us. Science has always intrigued me, and I always wanted to know more about everything around us and science seemed to always have the answer to most of my questions. With science being my focal point, I began to look into future careers that involved science and helping others and soon I discovered that I wanted to become a Pediatrician.


text:
Q: Directive in on load informations I am using Angular2 and I created a directive to put masks on inputs, as follows:
import {Directive, Attribute} from 'angular2/core';
import {NgModel} from 'angular2/common';

@Directive({
    selector: '[real]',
    host: {
        '(blur)': 'onInputChange()'
    }
})

export class RealDirective {
    modelValue: string;
    viewValue: string;

constructor(public model: NgModel) {
}

onInputChange() {
    this.modelValue = this.model.value.replace(/[^0-9\,]/g,'');
    this.viewValue = RealDirective.format(this.modelValue);
    this.model.viewToModelUpdate(this.modelValue);
    this.model.valueAccessor.writeValue(this.viewValue)
}

static format(valor) {

    if (valor == "") {
        valor = "0";
    }

    var valorFloat: number = parseFloat(valor.replace(",", "."));
    var valorString: string = valorFloat.toFixed(2).toString().replace(".", ",");

    var valorSemCasasDecimais = valorString.substring(0, valorString.length - 3);
    var valorArray: string[] = valorSemCasasDecimais.split("");

    var casa: number = 0;

    var valorStringComPontosInvertida: string = "";

    for (var i = valorArray.length - 1; i > -1; i--) {
        valorStringComPontosInvertida = valorStringComPontosInvertida + valorArray[i];
        casa = casa + 1;
        if (casa == 3 && i > 0) {
            valorStringComPontosInvertida = valorStringComPontosInvertida + ".";
            casa = 0;
        }
    }

    var valorStringComPontosInvertidaArray: string[] = valorStringComPontosInvertida.split("");
    var valorStringComPontosCorreta: string = "";

    for (var i = valorStringComPontosInvertidaArray.length - 1; i > -1; i--) {
        valorStringComPontosCorreta = valorStringComPontosCorreta + valorStringComPontosInvertidaArray[i];
    }

    var valorStringPronta: string = valorStringComPontosCorreta + valorString.substring(valorString.length - 3, valorString.length);

    return valorStringPronta;
}
}

It runs the blur event.
But I would like that execute on loading the information on the form for each input, does anyone have any idea how to do this?

A: You can use the ngOnInit method to wait for the directive to be loaded.
https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/guide/lifecycle-hooks.html
For example:
@Directive({
    selector: '[real]',
    host: {
        '(blur)': 'onInputChange()'
    }
})

export class RealDirective {
    modelValue: string;
    viewValue: string;

   constructor(public model: NgModel) {
   }
   ngOnInit():void {
     console.log(this.model);
   }
}

if this.model is null you may consider using ngOnChanges instead of ngOnInit to check when the value is changing.
Also can you post how the directive is called in your code

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Q: lerna on AzureDevops I am trying to make an azure Pipeline CI CD .
I want have some dependencies in my project like Lerna .
so i tried to install it but i am getting an error that the command is not found when i try to build it
Thats my azure-pipelines.yml
# Node.js
# Build a general Node.js project with npm.
# Add steps that analyze code, save build artifacts, deploy, and more:
# https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/devops/pipelines/languages/javascript

trigger:
  - release

pool:
  vmImage: "ubuntu-latest"

steps:
  - task: NodeTool@0
    inputs:
      versionSpec: "10.0.0"
    displayName: "Install Node.js"

  - task: HelmInstaller@1
    inputs:
      helmVersionToInstall: 'latest'

  - script: |
      yarn global add lerna
      yarn global add @gov.au/pancake
      yarn install
    displayName: "install lerna & pancake packages"

  - script: |
      yarn run build
    displayName: "NPM build"

  - script: |
      export NODE_OPTIONS=--max-old-space-size=8192
    displayName: "set Env Variable "

  - script: |
      lerna run build --stream --concurrency=1 --include-dependencies
      lerna run docker-build-local --stream --concurrency=4 --include-filtered-dependencies
    displayName: "Build lerna "

and i am getting an error in the last script although lerna is installed
/bin/bash --noprofile --norc /home/vsts/work/_temp/2d7931d0-403d-45a0-b7c9-9dfd7b5325f4.sh
/home/vsts/work/_temp/2d7931d0-403d-45a0-b7c9-9dfd7b5325f4.sh: line 1: lerna: command not found
/home/vsts/work/_temp/2d7931d0-403d-45a0-b7c9-9dfd7b5325f4.sh: line 2: lerna: command not found

##[error]Bash exited with code '127'.


Music nowadays appears to become probably the most popular hobbies the kids are involving in. For many, it might be only a pure type of entertainment or a means of living, whereas for that others, it's really a serious avoid their demanding lives. They will use music like a medium of conveying their covered up feelings. Not very surprisingly, it can make them really into music.
Due to the different influences the youth are uncovered into, they're easily obtaining the curiosity of participating in learning music. It might not exactly be studying musical notes and yet another formal stuff regarding such, but a minimum of, something strongly related it like playing instruments or just singing.
Before, people, specifically the youth, viewed Music, a topic within their secondary and primary schooling, like a conservative and boring one. With lots of odds and ends that needs to be memorized and understood not understanding their use and purpose, music then was really a vague and dull type of school activity to complete.
Possibly, this is because they relate music with "church" where they often hear the hymns and praises once they were kids. They thought music ought to be solemnly expressed constantly.
Because these youthful people aged up, they started to understand how interesting music might be not even close to the things they accustomed to see. From all of the different genres and designs, they found a match. I'm truly glad to state that finally, they are captivated by music learning in addition to music teaching.
Many know that music centers started to spring all of a sudden nowadays. People search for formal training as well as their aim is, obviously, to understand music. They should also get the talents they feel they're fortunate with.
Music teaching is certainly a problem when speaking about learning music. Apart from being regarded as something pretty difficult and tiresome, many believe required plenty of effort, persistence, and fervour by doing this.
However, with the sorts of trends, technology and techniques we have at this time, music teaching is becoming easier. Indeed, different sources and tools are created easily available to become a guide to anybody that has interests in music teaching. It might be through various means like choosing the help and guidance of music enthusiasts and experts, signing up for various learning centers, studying music-related books, availing advanced music gadgets, or browsing the net.
Music teaching continues to be both career and fervour of numerous musically inclined individuals around the world. Thus, schools of music spring forth worldwide, paving the way in which for music enthusiasts for greater possibilities globally. That's how effective music and music teaching could be.


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text:
White Noise: Erykah Badu Can't Shake The Cops.
Mikel Galicia January 3, 2018
Cops Pull Over Badu Just To Say Hi, Then Are Later Called To Her House To Deal With A Stalker. Plus: Fort Worth Honors The Toadies, Rubber Gloves Teases A Comeback & More.
We're always more than happy to keep the city updated on the latest goings-on with Erykah Badu, but it seems that she's been getting too much unwanted attention of late.
The first occasion happened on New Year's Eve when the Queen of Neo-Soul was pulled over in her car by two officers in the Dallas Police Department. According to a video that Badu posted to Instagram of that interactions, she was pulled over by a couple of young, giddy cops who simply wanted to say hello to the local icon.
WTF BABYLON !! HAPPY NEW YEAERZZZZ!
A post shared by THE UNICORN (@erykahbadu) on Dec 31, 2017 at 8:06pm PST
Far more serious, though, was the fact that Badu also found a man trespassing in her home over the holiday. Fortunately, Dallas police were able to detain the man, who had allegedly flown to Dallas from Detroit for the uninvited visit.
We're guessing that, given the option, Badu would describe her interactions with the police this past week as overrated. Alas, this new "Over/Under" video she stars in for Pitchfork doesn't ask that question — although it does detail one more instance in which Badu found herself encircled by flashing red lights. Give the funny clip a watch:
On the other side of the Metroplex, another top name in the North Texas music community was also, like Badu, recognized for its efforts. Only in the case of the Toadies, this recognition was more formal. On Saturday, December 30, the City of Fort Worth formally recognized the Toadies' contributions to the local music scene by honoring them and re-naming that day in history as "Toadies Day." The band was given a certificate of recognition before their headlining show at Billy Bob's Texas that night, where the band recorded material for a to-be-released-in-the-future live album at the venue, joining Willie Nelson and Merle Haggard as some of the few select acts to do so at the historic venue.
Speaking of legendary venues: Just a couple weeks after the reopening of the Ol' Dirty Basement at J&J's Pizza in Denton, Rubber Gloves Rehearsal Studios has started to tease a possible comeback of its own.
Or, well, that's what we think it means since it followed a November poll that mentioned the idea of bringing back the venue. Just today, the above video post got a second, very similar follow-up. Is RGRS really coming back from the dead, or is all this just a play on the fact that a decomposed body was recently found in a storage building adjacent to the space? We're really hoping it's the former, as that'd be welcome news indeed.
Staying on the subject of welcome news, Charley Crockett appears to be the first Dallas act to score national coverage in 2018. Earlier this week, Rolling Stone Country premiered the honky-tonk revivalist's "Jamestown Ferry" music video and, as writer Jeff Gage notes, the track comes from Crockett's covers album Lil G.L.'s Honky Tonk Jubilee. Check out the clip for yourself below.
Getting Rolling Stone to premiere your video is one way to get your name out there. Another is to burn any and all bridges by dissing all the Dallas rappers you can, effectively making yourself a toxic entity that in the process. Alas, that's the approach Alexander McCoy has taken. In the video for his "Tag Your Favorite Rapper (Dallas Diss)" song, the competent rapper burns photos of Dallas stalwarts like Bobby Sessions, 88 Killa, Raw Elementz, ThatKidCam (of Cure For Paranoia). He also calls a few out by name in his lyrics, pretty much guaranteeing himself that he'll never get on any bill featuring these other acts. But, hey, on the other hand, we're writing about him. So, yeah, it's a trade-off. See if the video's worth all the fuss it's creating on Twitter by giving it a watch below.
The hard-nosed motivation that this time of year brings out of area artists isn't always so bad. This year, it's manifesting itself in the form of The One, a competition for singers or rappers in which entrants will be vying for a $3,000 grand prize. Before you go searching for a registration link, though, know that the 12 finalists have already been announced from over 150 submissions from potential competitors. Those final 12 can be found here, and crowds interesting in watching the competition can do so on January 27 at Trees.
For those who aren't rappers or singers — or who are itching to compete in some sort of contest but only just found out about the above one now — The Dirty 30 is hosting its own battle of the bands with some intriguing prizes. Find more info on that here.
Speaking of information: Fort Worth's Go Yayo gave up plenty on himself in a new in-depth interview he taped with the popular No Jumper blog, whose hosts called the Texas rapper one of the funniest people they've ever met. The 36-minute clip is a endless run of stories from Yayo, who reflects on his burgeoning career, his hometown, drugs and hanging out with Soulja Boy. Listen below.
Finally, let's close out this week with some actual music, yeah? To that end, we point you in the direction of the below music video from Dallas rappers E-Mannie and 88 Killa. The track is titled "Like Me." Give it a watch:
Badu cover photo by Jonathan Stafford. Got a tip for White Noise? Email us!
Previous ArticleThings To Do In Dallas On Wednesday, January 3.
Next ArticleThings To Do In Dallas On Thursday, January 4.
Mikel Galicia
Mikel is a trap scholar, the softest writer on the scene and his photo game is jumping out the gym.


The new grant video can now be found on YouTube You can refresh your memory and learn about the recipients and follow along as each grant is funded. This resource can be used by anyone interested. Zone and society presidents are encouraged to show them at your meetings! Thank you Kim Hovie for your talented work in putting it together!
Grant #1 Bethany Lutheran Church bulletin inserts and poster are also available on the Resources page of the website.