MADISON HEIGHTS, Mich. – Middle school students at Four Corners Montessori Academy (FCMA) in Madison Heights, Michigan got a taste of professional life by recently participating in a one-week Internship Program. For the fourth straight year, FCMA collaborated with businesses, organizations, schools, and local district courts to provide opportunities for 8th-grade students. Students job shadowed for one week throughout FCMA and at business locations in Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties; bringing real-world experience into the classroom.
These one-week, unpaid internships are an integral part of FCMA's Career Development Program. In preparation for internships, students learn professional resumé and cover letter writing, effective communication skills, and interview techniques through business professionals. Continued success in a constantly changing global market demands planning for the future and right now our future employees, employers, and customers are sitting in a classroom. The goal of FCMA's hands-on program is to expand students' knowledge about the business world, inspiring them to become career-focused as they begin making college and career path decisions.
"We know we have something very special within our FCMA community. The support for this internship program from our community and the connections our students were willing and able to make in preparation for this program will go a long way as they continue to grow into responsible, independent citizens of our world," said FCMA Middle School teacher, Nicholas Kaltz.
Continued success in a constantly changing global market demands planning for the future and right now our future employees, employers, and customers are sitting in a classroom. The goal of FCMA's hands-on program is to expand students' knowledge about the business world, inspiring them to become career-focused as they begin making college and career path decisions.
To partner with the Career Development Program next year, or for more information on the program, please contact Meghan Vandenplas, Nick Kaltz, or Nicki Law at 248-542-7001.


Welcome to my Website! Unless you happened to stumble upon this page by accident, you are probably here because you are an antique tractor collector.
If you haven't visited the Tractor School, you can come in right NOW; there is NO enrollment procedure. Don't worry, you are under absolutely NO obligation. But I must warn you, there aren't too many privileges either!
By the way, I'm your hostess. I'll do my best to provide a little bit of "fluff" on the web page to attract attention to the important links. I'll council you, and I'll try to answer any questions you might have.
So, if you enjoy tractor collecting with a touch of "tongue-in-cheek" humor, please click the "turn the page" link at the bottom of this page, or click on my picture, and you'll find the lesson plan for the curriculum of the Tractor School. Feel free to wander around by yourself by "clicking the links", or clicking on the pictures. (ESPECIALLY the pictures!) Although the material is presented in a somewhat light-hearted way, to the best of my knowledge, it is all factual. As you explore, you're probably still gonna miss something, because this site is a "work in progress", still under construction, and not yet very organized! It's a HOBBY and we're gonna have FUN even if we have to work HARD to do it!!
Are you READY to learn about John Deere tractors?!


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Sports Stadiums In Rhode Island
Rhode Island has big-name football fields and homey neighborhood arenas, all of which showcase spirited athletic play and community events.
Football comes alive at the 20,000-seat Brown Stadium, home of the Brown University football team and which first opened in 1925, and at Meade Stadium, where the University of Rhode Island plays. The University of Rhode Island plays its basketball in Keaney Stadium, a multi-purpose arena with a castle-like façade. McCoy Stadium in Pawtucket can host more than 10,000 who show up each summer for minor league baseball.
Hockey is big in Rhode Island, and some of the best action is at Meehan Auditorium on the grounds of Brown University. The Dunkin' Donuts Center in Providence hosts basketball, hockey, and indoor soccer, as well as wrestling and monster truck shows. Squash, volleyball, wrestling, and basketball all take place in the Pizzitola Sports Center at Brown University, and Kingston is home to the 2,500-seat Bradford R. Boss Arana.
Finally, fans of court tennis will find the National Tennis Club in Newport, which is one of the busiest court tennis centers in the nation.
Dunkin' Donuts Center
Part of the Rhode Island Convention & Entertainment Complex, the Dunkin' Donuts Center is located in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. Owned by Rhode Island Convention Center Authority and operated by SMG, the indoor arena boasts a seating capacity for 12,400 sports fans.
In addition to being the home of the AHL Providence Bruins and NCAA Providence Friars, the arena is a go-to venue for high-profile events like the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament and even WWE professional wrestling tour stops.
Thomas M. Ryan Center
With a seating capacity for over 7,600 people, the Ryan Center is located in Kingston, Rhode Island, south of Warwick. Named to honor Thomas M. Ryan, the former CEO of CVS whose donations helped construct the facility, the arena is the home of the University of Rhode Island Rams men and women's basketball teams.
Designed by HOK Sport, the building's unique architecture is inspired by Rhode Island's iconic lighthouses and features three instantly-recognizable towers. Besides URI athletics, the arena has hosted a long list of household-name entertainers, from Jay Leno to Jim Gaffigan to Snoop Dogg.

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I will use this category for particular books in HCI and CSCW (both broadly construed) that I have found remarkable. It will be a very idiosyncratic list, for sure.
David Jury. Graphic Design Before Graphic Designers: The Printer as Designer and Craftsman 1700-1914. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2012.
For the information visualization aficionado, this is a thoroughly delightful volume. The profession of graphic designer did not formally emerge until the early 20th century. But the emergence of moveable type printing enabled a flourishing of graphic design. Features such as type fonts, layouts, and illustrations saw endless creativity, largely in the hands of craft printers themselves. Jury's volume traces these activities in this lavishly illustrated volume. I'd characterize the book as of the espresso sub-genre of coffee table books. But the sophisticated text and figure captions warrant the placement of this book in the scholar's den, not just the espresso table.
Thomas S. Mullaney. The Chinese Typewriter: A History. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2017.
You may be surprised to find this under HCI, but that is what it is fundamentally. First, this is the first of two volumes on the history of information technology in China: the next one will focus on computing in China. But even the focus on typewriting is fundamentally about HCI. What is the sensible interface for a user trying to type Chinese characters, which of course are nothing like the alphabetic or syllabic character systems of most of the rest of human writing systems. So much of the story is about how to characterize characters, and of course this applies to much more than typing: dictionaries, phone directors, card catalogs, not to mention telegraphy and other information technologies. It's a fascinating story, and Mullaney tells it with great erudition that is not clouded by dull story telling. He introduces us to all kinds of fascinating people involved in the story. There is also the unsophisticated and jingoistic characterization of ridiculous solutions to Chinese "typing" that was prevalent in Western media, even up to the present. While there were many impressive and highly innovative attempts at a Chinese typewriter, the form that dominated into the PRC period was where a tray of characters were arranged to that the typist could select individual character slugs from the tray to make an impression on the paper. While there were rational schemes for how to organize such trays, during the Maoist regime huge numbers of innovative typists customized their trays to form an early instance of predictive texts, locating characters close to each other that co-occurred frequently in actual texts. All of this long before sophisticated computer systems that would employ similar methods. And the other innovation was to view data entry as a way of retrieving what you wanted, rather than effecting a 1-to-1 mapping of your keystroke to what appeared on the page. This fundamental insight of course played out later in all kinds of information technologies. I recall on one of my trips to China in the 1990s, I saw a Chinese typewriter on display. I had no idea at the time of the amazing and rich history surrounding that device. I am eagerly awaiting the sequel to this excellent volume, also to be published by MIT Press.
Lucy A. Suchman. Human-Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions (2nd Ed.) New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
When Plans and Situated Actions appeared in 1987, it had a major effect not just on HCI, but on a wide range of fields perhaps best classified as cognitive science. It opened many eyes, including mine, to a new perspective on how to think about people and machines that permanently changed my thinking. This volume is a fascinating update of the earlier book. It includes the text of the earlier volume, but with voluminous notes and comments. It also has new chapters. It is a brilliant way to build upon the earlier work. If you know the earlier work, you will learn much from the updates. If you are new to this, you are in for a major treat.


Visions I'm unable to perceive.
Of lost dreams before the dawning light.
That tell me how to reach her.
Dreaming, I wish I'd long since said.
I've longed to say; all we've longed to love?
Will she hear me as we sleep?
hehehe, the first, and maybe only time, I will see my work published somewhere other than my own web pages.
Did I mention that this is one of my favorite poems??


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Who doesn't love pictographs being used in word puns? This clever little shirt does all of that and gives you the opportunity to engage in convesation about how A MAZE ing you and your baby are. Get this original design printed on a newborn organic cotton baby onesie. Hand-pressed in Portland, Oregon.


You've built your customer success team. Now you need a strategy for keeping your churn numbers down where they belong. Parature found it takes only one bad customer service experience to chase away 65 percent of customers to a competitor. Don't let this happen to you.
Customer loyalty is hard to come by if customers can't get their problems fixed, especially when market competition is stiff and a new solution is just a Google search or phone call away. Thankfully, there are proven metrics to help you track the success of your customer success and support teams and their ability to build customer retention and loyalty.
Here are three ways to measure the success of your customer success and support teams.
1. Average Resolution Time—Just How Good are Your Problem Solvers?
"I'm happy to listen to an hour of hold music," said no customer ever. Your average resolution time tracks how long it takes to solve a customer's issue from start to finish, which begins the second they call in.
Time magazine found 53 percent of callers spent an average of 13 hours on hold per year. Instead of spending time using your products or services, they're wasting it trying to get you on the phone.
When looking at your average resolution time, separate the time from your tier one and higher-level support tiers to get an accurate view. If your customer success team uses a multichannel approach, then your phone, chat, email, and social media channels should each have their own, sometimes vastly different, statistics.
2. Are Your Customers Happier for Having Contacted Support?
What if your average resolution time is great, but customers are still leaving?
The problem may have its roots in whether the customer success team actually handled the customer concerns, or if they simply wanted to get the customer off the phone as soon as possible. HelpScout found that 50 percent of customers did not get a helpful answer from customer support.
Customer feedback surveys and follow-up calls gauge customer happiness with your success and support teams. For some channels, such as email and chat supports, the feedback request can be integrated into the software. For other channels, such as phone support, use the customer's phone number or email address to request feedback.
Customer retention goes hand in hand with good customer support. A poor customer support experience not only affects that customer; a disgruntled customer can spoil a prospective customer's view of your company, too.
Disgruntled customers are more likely to take to blogs, forums, and social media to share their negative experience. (Think of the many Comcast customers who hate Comcast.) Sentiment analysis tools will help you gauge whether mentions of your company on social media are positive or negative.
While customer retention is impacted in part by factors outside of customer success' control, low retention can often be addressed by improving what's at the root of your customer success and support issues.
Your customer success team is the foundation for customer retention. Tracking these three metrics reveals what customer support is doing right, whether you need to make major changes to keep customers happy, and how to boost your customer retention numbers.


I would like to take a moment to thank you for choosing Children's Tree House for your child. As a mother of two beautiful children, I truly understand what it is like to find a provider that you trust to care for your child. You will have that peace of mind with your child enrolled within our program.
I am Natasha and I am the owner/director of Children's Tree House Preschool and Childcare, LLC. I graduated from Winona State University in 2005 with my bachelor degree in elementary education. I found my passion in early childhood education right out of college and I continue to grow and explore new ways in making every child's experience at the center a memorable one! My love for children drove me to open a center in the area with loving staff and a comfortable place to bring your child, giving you peace of mind while your child is in our care.
I live in Onalaska with my husband, Rob, and our two children, Breckyn, who was born in 2006 and, Talyn, who was born in 2010. In our free time we love to spend time with our family and friends and work and play around our home.
I can honestly say that I have AMAZING staff and I know that this center would not be as remarkable as it is without each and every one of them making a difference in your child's life! It's my obligation to you to find staff that are dedicated, caring & educated to care for your child. Several of the staff have been a part of my "family" here at the center since we opened in 2007, I've had the pleasure of forming lifelong friendships with so many within the center.
My hopes are that this gives you a little insight into our "home" and the comfortable, loving atmosphere that the children grow and engage in on a daily basis. We would love to hear from you or have you visit us and all our little friends at our Tree House!
Hi, I'm Jackie. I am the Administrative Assistant here at Children's Tree House. I have worked here since 2007 and in childcare since 2000. I have taught in various age rooms, from infant to school-age, spending the majority of my childcare experience in the 2 1/2 year old classroom. I get to open the daycare each morning and enjoy being able to "sub and float" to each classroom spending time with all of the children at the center. My position here lets me work with families right from the start, doing tours, enrollment and children's files. I love this aspect because I get to form amazing relationships with the families of the center. I also am in charge of setting up field trips and center visitors. Here at Children's Tree House we believe that children learn from their experiences, so we try to offer a wide variety of fun and educational activities.
I live in Onalaska on Brice Prairie with my husband, Darryl and my teenage daughter, Gwenny. I enjoy spending my spare time outside; biking, kayaking and hiking. My family loves taking camping trips to Wisconsin's many State parks.
Over the years, Children's Tree House has become my second home. I really enjoy working here; it's a fun, loving, clean and safe environment. All of my co-workers are helpful and understanding. Everyone here truly loves each child. All of the staff, parents and children have become such an important part of my life, they are my family.
Hello families! My name is Shawna and I have been employed at CTH since 2009. I have always had a passion for working with young children. One of the greatest feelings is showing our parents that their children are in great hands when they have to be at work and can't be there themselves to take care of them.
A little bit about myself. In 2006 I married my husband Matt. We have two sons together, Braylan, born in October of 2007 and Kamyn born in October of 2012. I also have two step-daughters, Madalynn and Hayley. When I am not at work, I enjoy being outdoors. My husband and I enjoy playing volleyball, going on walks with the kids and spending time with my friends and family. One of our most favorite things to do is watch our kids play sports. And that's just a little about me!
Hello I'm Miss Chelsey! I have been working at CTH since June 2014. I look forward to coming to work everyday knowing my little kiddos will have something new to teach me. In the classroom, I love singing different songs to the kids, teaching colors and friends' names. I love spending time doing many different art projects; the kids love to get messy anyway they can! I try and get the kiddos outside as much as possible when it is gorgeous out.I love playing with the kids outside on the playground.
I was born and raised in the La Crosse area. I have three pet bulldogs, their names are Rocky, Reba, and Rebel. I am very passionate about anything that involves the outdoors; I love to waterski, have bonfires, hunt, fish and go tubing. I especially enjoy doing these things because it gives me an opportunity to spend time with friends and family. My family is all super close and we basically have a family reunion every weekend.
Before I started working here at Children's Tree House, I attended Fox Valley Technical College and received my Associate's Degree in Early Childhood Education. Other than working at CTH and student teaching, I grew up babysitting and would help take care of my younger brother, Preston and cousins, Kaia and Oliver. Knowing I work well with children I knew this is what I wanted to pursue a career in. Also, my brother was a huge inspiration on me! I graduated from Fox Valley Technical College in May 2014.
Hello. My name is Jill Gross. I've been with Children's Tree House since July 2012, and in childcare since 2004. I graduated in 2004 with an associates degree in early childhood, and have taken many classes and courses since. I love working with children. The best part is hearing the funny stories and things that they say, seeing all of their accomplishments, and knowing that I played a part in each child's life.
I live in Onalaska with my husband Nick, our daughter Hennli, and our son Jax. In my spare time, I like to go on adventures with my family. We spend a lot of time on the river, playing outside, and the occasional surprise vacations. I also enjoy crafting, and participating in local run/walks with friends.
Hello families, my name is Miss Nicole. I am originally from Maple Grove, Minnesota, but I call La Crosse my home. I have been married since July 2013. Since then, my husband, Justin, and I have moved all around the state of Wisconsin, but we are happy to be back in the area near both of our families!
I completed my Bachelor's degree at University of Wisconsin-Stout, my degree is in Human Development and Family Studies with a minor in Psychology. Through my travels, I worked at a daycare in Illinois for 2 years and more recently ... a daycare in Racine. I am very happy that Children's Tree House is now my home! Through my years of working with children, I've worked with all ages. I love working with the young 3's, it is an exciting age to be with because they're full of learning and discovery!
In my spare time, I love to hang out with my friends and experience fun, new adventures with my husband. I also enjoy traveling around the States and seeing/learning about new things! I am looking forward to getting to know you and your family!
Hello families! My name is Chrissy and I am a Lead Teacher. I have been working at Children's Tree House since September 2009. I studied Early Childhood Education at Western Technical College and graduated in 2011. Being such a big part of a child's everyday life is very rewarding; I enjoy every minute that I get to spend watching the children grow and learn in his/her own way.
A little about me: I live in Onalaska with my son, Rylan and our dog, Maggie. Being a mom is so much fun, as well as very time consuming - so most of my free time is spent with my son. Some other things I enjoy are cooking, crafting, traveling, bowling, camping and almost anything outdoors.
Thank you for taking the time to learn a few things about me. I am looking forward to getting to know you and your family!
Hello families. My name is Krista. I am the chef at CTH. I have been the chef since March of 2015. Prior to working in the kitchen I was a float teacher. I started my job at CTH in December of 2014. My position as chef now allows me to use my knowledge and abilities that I learned in college. I graduated with a degree in Food Production Specialist in May of 2012 from Wisconsin Technical College.
I grew up with 5 sisters and 1 brother. I attended some of the private schools in the Onalaska area. I loved to play sports. Now I live in La Crosse with my boyfriend. We have a dog and a cat. Some activities I enjoy doing are going out on the water in the boat, hiking, relaxing, and hanging out with my friends and family.
Some of the best things about my job here at CTH are being able to watch each child grow into the person they are to become. I am also pleased to know that each child will get to enjoy a nutritious, hearty breakfast, lunch, and snack everyday!
Hi, my name is Miss Jesi. I started my float position at Children's Tree House in December 2016. I found my passion for working with children when I began babysitting at age 12. In high school I got to job shadow at a childcare center. I have worked in childcare since 2012. My favorite thing about working with children is watching them learn and grow every day.
 children, families and staff at Children's Tree House!
 can't wait to grow alongside your children!
 their excitement and creativity as we do art projects, play outside and read books.
 am looking forward to getting to know your family!
Hello families! My name is Melanie and I became a part of the Children's Treehouse team in June 2017! I absolutely love my job and adore working with all of your children. I think one of the best parts of my position as a float staff is that I get to know each individual child very well! I am originally from Germantown, Wisconsin, which is a suburb of Milwaukee, and moved to the area to attend UW-LaCrosse. At UWL I am majoring in Early Childhood Education! Aside from studying, I love to to read, spend time with family and friends, and stay active. I love working with children as well! Besides working here at CTH, I am also a Gymnastics Coach at the Onalaska YMCA.
 children. I love being apart of the CTH team and of course, your child's daily routines!
Hello, My name is Toni! I started at Children's Tree House in September 2017. I have been working in Child Care since 2005. I have always had a passion for working with young children. I entered the field of Child Care to ensure that families receive quality care and education for their children. Being a mother myself, I want every child's care to meet the high standards that I expect for my own children. "I love being able to help children grow physically and developmentally and getting to experience children doing things for the first time. I live in Onalaska with my husband Brandon and our three daughters Cambree, Libertee and Cora. In my free time I like to relax and enjoy time with my family.


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Pursuing Excellence
For the doctors and staff of Vail-Summit Orthopaedics, finding new and better ways to serve the needs of both the Eagle and Summit county communities is not only a noble aim, but it is a philosophy vital to the practice. Having provided expert care to one of the most active populations in the country for the past 38 years, the practice has advanced its treatment and rehabilitation plans and protocols to the highest possible level, ever-pursuing the next summit in orthopaedics with new additions and developments.
Improved Practices
Last year was a breakthrough year for the practice; many changes and improvements were implemented, and as a result, they are raising the standard for health care and patient experience. From new partnerships to new employees, Vail-Summit Orthopaedics continues to be on the forefront of health care and provide top-level care for every bone, joint and muscle — from the neck to the ankle and everything in between.
In order to provide evidence-based care and improve patient outcomes, Vail-Summit Orthopaedics has partnered with both OBERD and eClinicalWorks to electronically collect patient health outcomes data to better serve their patients and the orthopaedic community. Through these partnerships, the practice has access to OBERD's Musculoskeletal and Quality of Life Registries to compare outcomes across nationwide data sets. The practice is also able to add to eClinicalWorks' collective research of patient outcome analytics and national health trends, which they actively apply to their current cases. Having the ability to track and compare patient outcomes data will ensure that patients are recovering effectively in comparison to national norms, improving outcomes and overall patient experience now and in the future and supporting Vail-Summit Orthopaedic Foundation's research, education and philosophies.
In congruence with new initiatives for advancing their medical and community-centered practices, Vail-Summit Orthopaedics has also seen the addition of new faces and new voices that echo the practice's traditions. The newest joint replacement surgeon to join the practice, Nathan L. Cafferky, M.D., moved to the community in August 2015 and proceeded to establish a total joint surgery program. The next year, he was honored with the 2016 Vail Health Rising Star Award. This award is given every year to a doctor who has been on staff for five years or less, who exemplifies leadership, quality patient care, contributions to the community and hospital and the utilization of evidence-based medicine in daily practice.
The practice also welcomed a new chief executive officer in fall 2016, John Polikandriotis, Ph.D., M.B.A., M.P.H., F.A.C.H.E. Polikandriotis is highly trained in health care administration, with a Doctor of Philosophy in biochemistry, a Master of Business Administration in finance and health care administration and a Master of Public Health. Prior to starting his role at Vail-Summit Orthopaedics, he was the Director of Orthopaedics and Vice President of Ambulatory Operations at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, one of the largest pediatric institutions in the country with almost one million annual patient visits.
"I was very excited to join the team at Vail-Summit Orthopaedics and the Eagle and Summit county communities as a whole," says Dr. Polikandriotis. "With this excellent group of providers and dedicated medical staff, I see a very bright future for our practice, and I'm honored to be able to take part in it."
As part of their continuing culture of advancement, the practice has expanded its spectrum of care. In addition to the specialties and services they already offer to the area, they have added neurosurgery to their list of specialties, allowing them to better serve those suffering from nerve-related pain. They brought on highly qualified and board-certified neurosurgeon Ernest E. Braxton Jr., M.D., to continue to meet the needs of their patients and community.
"We are proud to have Dr. Braxton join us at Vail-Summit Orthopaedics," says Dr. Richard Cunningham, partner and surgeon at Vail-Summit Orthopaedics. "Having an expert neurosurgeon on our team allows us to offer specialized surgical treatment to get patients with brain, spinal and peripheral nerve injuries and conditions back to doing what they love."
Former Chief of Neurosurgery at the San Antonio Military Medical Center at Fort Sam Houston in Texas, Dr. Braxton joins the practice with nearly a decade of experience as a neurosurgeon. He received a medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania, a graduate degree from Carnegie Mellon University and residency training at Allegheny General Hospital, where he was Chief Resident of Neurosurgery. He is a fellow of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and certified by The American Board of Neurological Surgery. Through his extensive training and experience, Dr. Braxton demonstrates the same commitment to the highest level of expertise shared by the doctors and staff at Vail-Summit Orthopaedics, making him an ideal fit at the practice and an excellent addition to the community.
The specialists at Vail-Summit Orthopaedics are among the most experienced fellowship-trained doctors in sports medicine and orthopaedic surgery, but they don't limit their expertise to the operating room. They go beyond their role as health care providers and act as leaders in the community. You will often see them volunteering on the sidelines at local school sporting events, teaching injury prevention workshops for recreational athletes, educating Ski Patrol and first responders on orthopaedic injuries in addition to so much more. Additionally, several of the practice's doctors have been chosen to be part of the elite U.S. Ski Team and Winter Olympic Games physician group, and all providers at the practice deliver individualized care for bone, joint and muscle injuries and conditions for each and every one of their patients, from Olympians to weekend warriors.
Providing orthopaedic care to Edwards, Frisco, Vail and the surrounding areas since 1979, Vail-Summit Orthopaedics continues to be on the forefront of orthopaedic and sports medicine. This leadership over the years is not by mistake; the doctors at Vail-Summit Orthopaedics have a commitment to excellence, and they are driven by the desire to provide their patients the highest quality care. As the dedicated experts at providing sports medicine, orthopaedic trauma, joint replacement and revision and physical medicine and rehabilitation care, as well as treatment for the back, neck and spine, elbow, foot and ankle, hand and wrist, hip, knee and shoulder, the doctors and staff at Vail-Summit Orthopaedics deliver experience you can trust.
Having the ability to track and compare patient outcomes data will ensure that patients are recovering effectively in comparison to national norms, improving outcomes and overall patient experience now and in the future.


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LEEDS LGBT* PRIDE IS THE BIGGEST FREE PRIDE IN THE COUNTY!
Yorkshire's Biggest celebration of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans* life and the UK's friendliest Pride!
Sunday 2nd August 2020
Welcome to #LeedsPride
LEEDS PRIDE - EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW!
Leeds Pride 2020 will take place on Sunday 2nd August so make sure you save the date. The main event on the Sunday will start with 2 hours of entertainment in Millennium Square, followed by a parade through the city centre with over 60 floats and 5 hours of entertainment on Lower Briggate to finish off an incredible weekend.
Leeds Pride is Yorkshire's biggest celebration of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans* life. Running since 2006 and is now the largest Pride in the UK to still be a completely free event with over 40,000 people attending. It is also considered the UK's friendliest Pride. The celebrations are run by a skilled team of volunteers with close links to local Leeds LGB&T community and the event is funded through community fundraising, grant funding and sponsorship agreements with brands such as Virgin Holidays and Manchester Airport.
Over the Leeds Pride weekend there will be a whole host of events celebrating love, equality, sexuality and gender identity across the city. This is the 14th year that Leeds Pride has taken place and it undoubtedly makes a huge contribution to the local economy with thousands of people choosing to visit the city on Leeds Pride weekend.
All over the city! The fun all starts at the Millennium Square Stage on the Sunday and the parade then heads through Leeds before ending up on Lower Briggate for a massive party to round off a wonderful day.
Leeds Pride 2020 is back on Sunday 2nd August!
How can you take part?
Entry is free for everyone through the whole day. If you're looking for how your business can get involved with Leeds Pride or sponsorship opportunities then head to their website: www.leedspride.com/sponsorship/
To find out more information about Leeds Pride, head to www.leedspride.com or follow them on Twitter @LeedsPride, on Facebook Leeds LGBT Pride and on Instagram @leedspride. Keep your eyes peeled for more announcements, including the Leeds Pride headline act!
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Disposition of property in Carroll County; Southwestern Virginia Training Center. Provides that the Commonwealth shall work with representatives of Carroll and Grayson Counties and the City of Galax, as well as other stakeholders, to develop a plan for the conveyance, sale, or other disposition of certain real property for the purpose of housing children requiring foster care or as a juvenile residential treatment facility. Any disposition of the property is subject to approval by the General Assembly; however, the restriction on disposition of the property expires on July 1, 2021.
Southwestern Virginia Training Center; disposition of certain real property in Carroll County.


We also believe in the wisdom of community and support in bringing a baby in to the world.
That's why, at the Wellbeing of Women Centre, we have a patient-lead, holistic approach when it comes to health care needs through birth, antenatal care and all women's health.
We provide you with all the information and guidance you need to make informed decisions that are right for you, your family and your situation. We don't drive an agenda, but are here to support you in your decisions, as well as counsel you in what they might be.
From the comfortable lounges in the waiting area to the warm and friendly welcome, we look to create a feminine, affirming experience delivered by our dedicated team.
Whatever you need, we will treat you with respect. Besides antenatal and birth care, we provide general Gynaecological Services.
We want you to feel heard and understood. Working with a small team of professionals means you'll receive continuity of care over time.
Let's work together to make sure you have a memorable experience for all the right reasons.


text:
Q: How to skip an `\item` entirely, with no side-effects? In Ryan Reich's great answer to my question on onlyitems, he had LaTeX ignore an \item by setting it into a box and then not using the box, effectively discarding it:
...SNIP...
\renewcommand\item[1][]{%
 % The \egroup closes off any \vbox'es from the previously ignored \item.
 % The conditional \bgroup cancels it out when there aren't any.
 \itemIf\bgroup\fi\egroup
 \let\itemIf=\iffalse%\fi
 \advance\itemsSoFar by 1 %
 \onlyitemsset{utility/store tag = {}, utility/verdict/.style = {}, select/\the\itemsSoFar, #1, utility/verdict}%
 \itemIf
  \def\next{\expandafter\itemLaTeX\itemOptions}%
 \else
  % The vbox is set and then discarded, effectively ignoring an entire \item.
  % This inner \itemLaTeX is necessary to avoid a glitch when we ignore the first \item of an itemize that itself contains a nested \itemize.  Don't ask, I don't know.
  \def\next{\setbox0=\vbox\bgroup\itemLaTeX}%
 \fi
 \next
}

...SNIP...

This works, but has the unfortunate side-effect of advancing the appropriate LaTeX counter, which is either good or bad, depending on how one wants to use onlyitems.
In my case, I want onlyitems to literally behave as if only the included \items are there, so that means that the counters must not be advanced. Since the implementation is list-agnostic (it should work for enumerate, revnum or any other list of \items you like to define), I cannot manually set back counters (I cannot know which are the important ones), rather I need to skip the \item entirely, without side-effects.
Thus, to repeat the title, the question is:

How can I skip an \item without any side-effect?

A: Add
\let\stepcounter\@gobble

just between \setbox0=\vbox\bgroup and \itemLaTeX. This will avoid that the counter is stepped when the item is ignored (\item uses \refstepcounter internally, which in turn does \stepcounter).
You'll have to enclose the \renewcommand\item[1][]{...} between \makeatletter and \makeatother.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Cerro Blanco invites very few tourists to its land. This city is connected to many popular cities of Honduras. Cerro Blanco has a limited number of tourist attractions which one can visit. Below is the list of tourist cities which one can visit from Cerro Blanco, the distance between cities and time taken to travel from Cerro Blanco to other cities. Total population of Cerro Blanco is 1169. Add Cerro Blanco to your travel plan and view the virtual travel map being create on the right. Read some authentic reviews of Cerro Blanco and also share you experience of your stay.
Many cities are accessible from Cerro Blanco. We have selected the most popular tourist cities that you can visit after Cerro Blanco. Based on number of days in hand for vacation these cities have been listed and can be added to your travel itinerary by selecting "Add to Trip" displayed on the right of each city name.


"Growing Global Citizens", an article by Jaci Maurer, director of the Lehman College Child Care Center.
What is a Global Citizen? Global Citizenship is an idea that goes beyond simply knowing that we are citizens of the world to an acknowledgement of our responsibilities both to each other and to the Earth itself. Global Citizenship requires understanding the need to tackle injustice and inequality and having the desire and ability to work actively to do so. It is about valuing the Earth as precious and unique, as well as safeguarding the future for those in the next generations. Global Citizenship is a way of thinking and behaving. It is an outlook on life—a belief that we can make a difference.


Major obstacles exist in the care of patients at the end of life: lack of time, poor or inadequate communication, and lack of knowledge in providing care. Three possible nursing roles in care decision-making were investigated: Information Broker, Supporter, and Advocate. The purpose of this study was to examine obstacles faced by oncology nurses in providing end-of-life (EOL) care and to examine roles of nurses in providing care.
A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational design was applied. The study was conducted at two major University Hospitals of Oncology in Lithuania that have a combined total of 2365 beds. The study sample consisted of 239 oncology registered nurses. Data collection tool included a questionnaire about assessment of obstacles and supportive behaviors, nursing roles, and socio-demographic characteristics.
The two items perceived by respondents as the most intense obstacles to providing EOL care were The nurse's opinion on immediate patient care is not welcome, valued or discussed and.
Family has no access to psychological help after being informed about the patient's diagnosis. The majority of respondents self-assigned the role of Supporter.
Major obstacles in providing care included the nurse's opinion that immediate patient care was not valued, lack of nursing knowledge on how to treat the patient's grieving family, and physicians who avoided conversations with the patient and family members about diagnoses and prospects. In EOL care nurses most frequently acted as Supporters and less frequently as Advocates.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), worldwide 56.2 million people die every year. Of these, 7.6 million people die from cancer. In Europe, 3.2 million people die each year and 1.7 million deaths are caused by cancer . Patients spend a significant period of time in oncology hospitals where primarily nurses are responsible for end-of-life (EOL) care. Throughout history nurses have been responsible for ensuring the quality of life for patients, their families, and the community through all stages of life . Nurses spend more time with patients than any other health care professionals [3, 4]. Nurses provide regular care for patients at the EOL; they may identify behaviors that obstruct or improve EOL care for patients and families . Furthermore, identifying the obstacles or supportive behaviors that have the most impact to patients and families and then working to eliminate highly rated obstacles or increase support for positive behaviors are critical to improve EOL care.
Research findings have indicated that the main obstacles in caring for patients at the EOL include the lack of time for professional care and staff shortages; challenges in communication with colleagues, patients, and/or patients' relatives; intensive treatment decisions made in spite of patients' wishes and needs, and a lack of knowledge about care for patients at the EOL . Of 77 articles published in the last 10 years on obstacles to EOL care in intensive care units, palliative care units, and oncology hospitals only a few studies analyzed nursing roles and obstacles faced by nurses [2, 7].
In the Medical Dictionary of Health Terms, the "end-of-life" concept refers to a final period – hours, days, weeks, or months in a person's life in which it is medically obvious that death is imminent or a terminal moribund state cannot be prevented . Similarly, Watson et al. defined "end-of-life care" as the delivery of care during the last few weeks of life and the time directly preceding death in emergency departments . Care of patients at the EOL involves many aspects: pain and symptom management, dealing with culturally sensitive issues, support for patients and their families during the process of dying and experiencing loss, and ethical decision-making. A survey of relevant literature revealed there were obstacles preventing nurses from demonstrating their professional competencies in EOL care .
Lack of time remained one of the major obstacles. Nurses had too many tasks to take time to listen to patients' wishes concerning EOL decisions, to communicate with families; and to understand their values, expectations, and attitudes . Even though nurses knew that their presence at a patient's bed would reassure and comfort the dying person, they had no time to do that because of responsibilities for other patients too . Another obstacle identified in the literature was poor or inadequate communication. Anselm et al. found that physicians, residents, and nurses reported that the main obstacles in communication with patients at the EOL were the patients themselves, the health care system, health care providers, and the nature of this dialogue . Findings from Heyland et al. demonstrated that for patients high-priority communication areas that needed improvement were related to feelings of peace, assessment and treatment of emotional problems, physician availability; and satisfaction that the physician took a personal interest in them, communicated clearly and consistently, and listened. Similar areas were identified by family members as high in priority .
Several studies identified the lack of knowledge about care for patients at the EOL as an obstacle [6, 7, 14]; the lack of skills as well as how to treat the grieving family was a major obstacle in providing quality care. Reinke et al. analyzed what nursing skills were important but under-utilized in EOL care. Nurses named as very important such skills as communication; symptom management competencies, especially those concerning anxiety and depression; and interactions with patient-centered care systems .
An analysis of obstacles in EOL care must take into account the role assumed by nurses because they are placed in a unique position; they may assist patients and family members by providing information, discussing and advocating for patients' wishes . Adams et al. revealed that usually three possible nursing roles existed in EOL decision-making, namely: Information Broker, Supporter; and Advocate . Still, there is little evidence on nurses' roles in EOL decision-making. As Information Brokers nurses played an important role in the process of ensuring smooth communication between family members and the team of health care professionals. Nurses provided information to physicians and family members and also acted as mediators. Liaschenko et al. further defined the nurse's role as the main point for exchange of information: obtaining information from many sources, synthesizing it, and forming a holistic assessment . Another EOL nursing role was that of a Supporter. Nurses expanded their role in the EOL decision-making process by demonstrating empathy for patients, family members, and physicians; acting as supporters at the patient's EOL period and developing trusting relationships with family members [15, 16]. Finally, the most researched nursing role in EOL care was that of an Advocate. This role was performed through speaking to the team of health care professionals on behalf of the patient or family as well as speaking to the family on behalf of the patient [5, 7].
Thus, defined nursing roles and activity areas at the patient's EOL help in ensuring that unique needs are met for patients at EOL. The role of a nurse in providing EOL care is very complex, requiring personal psychological preparations, flexibility, and strength. Citation?
No such studies existed in either Lithuania or any other Eastern European country; therefore, this was the first study to investigate whether Eastern European countries faced the same challenges in EOL care as Western European countries and the United States (US), and what was the role of nurses.
The main purpose of this study was to examine obstacles faced by oncology nurses in providing EOL care. A secondary purpose was to examine roles of nurses in providing EOL care.
A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational design was applied in this study.
Pre-established obstacles and supportive behaviors on the questionnaire administered in this study were from an original validated survey, Questionnaire of Helps and Obstacles in Providing End-of-Life Care to Dying Patients and Their Families  that was modified after expert opinion and suggestions from oncology nurses in order to be most influential in the oncology setting. A translated and validated Lithuanian version following the technique of inverse translation was used in this study. The questionnaire contained 67 items consisting of three parts: assessment of obstacles and supportive behaviors, nursing roles, and socio-demographic characteristics. The first 40 items evaluated obstacles and supportive behaviors. Responses were given in a Likert scale format ranging from 1 = not help (or not an obstacle) to 5 = extremely intense help (or extremely large obstacles).
Items 41 to 59 evaluated the nurse's opinion about their roles during EOL care. Nine items (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 53, 56, 58, 59) described the role of a nurse as a Supporter; four items (48, 50, 51, 57) described the role of a nurse as an Information Broker; and six items (46, 47, 49, 52, 54, 55) evaluated the role of a nurse as an Advocate. According to a 5-point Likert scale, respondents had to evaluate different statements by marking 1 of 5 possible responses: "Strongly agree", "Agree", "Undecided", "Disagree", or "Strongly disagree". For purposes of statistical analysis, responses were collapsed into three categories: "Strongly agree" and "Agree", "Undecided", and "Strongly disagree" and "Disagree". Seven questions identified socio-demographic characteristics. After completing this study, the Cronbach's alpha established for the questionnaire used in this study was 0.86, meeting the requirement for acceptance. Similar questionnaires have been used in studies with Intensive Care Unit nurses in Spain and the US [6, 18, 19].
Registered oncology nurses from two major Lithuanian hospitals of oncology participated in this study. The two hospitals have a combined total of 2365 beds. According to data of the Health Care Ministry, at present there are 22,300 registered nurses (RNs) in Lithuania, which includes oncology nurses (approximately 350 oncology nurses). All 250 RNs working in oncology at the two largest University Hospitals of Oncology in Lithuania were invited to take part in this study. The response rate was 95.6% with 239 participants, who indicated age, gender, employment, current work place, and length of current employment on the socio-demographic section of the questionnaire. The sample included 238 females and 1 male. The average age of nurses participating in the study was 44.09 ± 8.96 years; and the average length of service was 22.90 ± 9.66 years.
One of the authors personally distributed the questionnaires to all 250 eligible nurses at the hospitals during work hours from 1 September to 1 November in 2015.
Survey data were processed and analyzed using the statistical software package SPSS for Windows 19.0 . The level of significance selected for testing data points was established at p ≤ 0.05. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the average values of the variables within a 95% confidence interval. The standard deviation was used to describe the spread of values. A statistical analysis of qualitative ordinal variables was carried out by means of the chi-square (χ2) test, and degrees of freedom (df) was calculated. The Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) was used to determine the degree of dependence between variables. A positive r value indicated a direct linear correlation, i.e., when the value of one variable increased, the value of the other variable also increased. A negative r value indicated a reverse correlation, i.e., when the value of one variable increased, the value of the other variable decreased. Because the number of male nurses was not representative, no analysis of results based on gender was done.
Research was carried out in accordance to ethical principles of scientific research, the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as the Code of Ethics of the Lithuanian Social Research Centre (LSRC). Hospital administrations were informed of the research goals, and their permission was obtained prior to starting the study. In addition, verbal informed consent was obtained from each participant of the study following an explanation of the research goals. Confidentiality of respondents was assured. Anonymity was maintained, as respondents were never asked for any identifiers such as their names, surnames, or addresses. Collected data were summarized and reported in the aggregate and used only for scientific purposes. The study was approved by the Bioethics Centre at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (BEC-KS (M)-566). Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the data protection rights, and the right to refuse participation in the study or to terminate the participation without reasoning or penalty. Survey methodology was applied with minimal risk or harm to study participants.
The two items perceived as the most intense obstacles to providing EOL care by respondents were identified in the following statements: The nurse's opinion on immediate patient care is not welcome, valued or discussed (M = 2.01, 95% CI [1.89, 2.13]) and Family has no access to psychological help after being informed about the patient's diagnosis (M = 1.88, 95% CI [1.76, 2.00]). Accordingly, two main perceived potential obstacles in critically ill patients' care were The lack of nursing knowledge on how to treat the patient's grieving family (M = 1.76, 95% CI [1.64, 1.87]) and Physicians who were evasive and avoided conversation with the patient and/or family members (M = 1.72, 95% CI [1.60, 1.83]). Nurses indicated that the least important obstacle in the EOL care was the patient's family (M = 1.20, 95% CI [1.12, 1.27]), who may have inadequate reactions and interfere with the nurse's duties (Table 1).
In this study, a survey of 239 oncology nurses revealed that almost half (46%) of respondents self-assigned the role of a Supporter. Subscale values were distributed from 9 to 14 for Supporter, from 6 to 11 for Advocate, and from 4 to 8 for Information Broker. The subscale means, standard deviation, and confidence intervals are presented in Table 2.
An analysis of obstacles in accordance to nurses' roles did not reveal any statistically significant differences. However, three major obstacles were identified by more than 80% of all categorized respondents: Nurses have to deal with angry patient's family members; The patient's relatives having inadequate understanding of the situation interfere with the nurses' duties, and Usually there is no time for conversations with patients about their wishes concerning the end of life issues/decisions. The perception of whether it was an obstacle or not an obstacle was close to being evenly divided (approximately 45%) by all categorized respondents for item The nurses' opinion on immediate patient care is not welcome, valued or discussed. (see Table 3).
The main goal of nurses in solving problems at the EOL is to reduce the patient's suffering and manage pain and symptoms so that the patient's quality of life would remain the same . Beckstrand et al. confirmed that one of the major obstacles to autonomous decision-making was the nurse's opinion of not being valued . Data from this study confirms overall research findings that oncology nurses still lack professional autonomy because they identified disregard and disrespect of their opinion on patient care as the most significant obstacle. Study data lead to an assumption that according to nurses' opinions, their function in EOL care was to assist physicians rather than to make autonomous decisions. This approach is very characteristic of the culture in Eastern European countries where nursing science is still developing and paternalistic relations dominate in the health care system . Conflicting views and feeling that you as nurses are being disrespected often cause problems.
In this study, another dominant obstacle in the provision of EOL care was related to family members who had no access to psychological help after being informed about the patient's diagnosis. A descriptive study conducted in intensive care units in Spain also confirmed these findings and identified the lack of support for family members as one of the obstacles affecting nursing . Another study by Beckstrand et al. also revealed that the inability of family members to obtain psychological help after being informed about the patient's diagnosis was considered an important obstacle in the provision of quality EOL care .
As demonstrated in the research literature, this is a universal problem in the US as well as Europe where there are no uniform systems to ensure quality health care services during critical moments of life, not only for patients but also for their family members [13, 18, 22]. Professional knowledge, skills, and coordination are necessary for problem management. Furthermore, the nursing literature contains limited information about patient care at the EOL, and nurses perceive this as an obstacle in the provision of care. A study on EOL care conducted by Hebert et al. demonstrated that 71% of nurses participating in the study lacked adequate knowledge on pain management, 62% of nurses lacked general knowledge on EOL problems, and 59% of nurses rated knowledge on management of other symptoms as inadequate . Findings of our study correspond to findings of other researchers because the majority of oncology nurses participating in this study indicated a lack of nursing knowledge and training on how to treat the patient's grieving family. Other researchers had similar findings; the lack of nurses' knowledge was considered a major nursing obstacle [14, 18].
Skill development in key aspects of care provision may improve the provision of EOL care for critical care patients and their families. Physicians who are evasive and avoid conversation with the patient and/or family members were identified as one of the most important obstacles in nursing. Sufficient information, communication, and relationships between the staff and the relatives may help to facilitate shared decision-making. Gjerberg et al. conducted a study on EOL care communications and shared decision-making in Norwegian nursing homes; most relatives expressed that they wanted a conversation about the patient's wants and preferences for EOL care, even when such conversations might be emotionally difficult . This is also confirmed by a qualitative study carried out by the US researchers. Oncology nurses participating in the study identified subject areas they found difficult to discuss with the EOL patients. These include dialectic tensions, specific EOL related topics, the lack of skills in providing empathy care, characteristics of patients and their family members, and institutional obstacles .
Findings by Beckstrand et al. and Iglesias et al. correspond to this study's results and identify physicians avoiding conversations with the patient and family members as one of the most important obstacles in the provision of EOL care [14, 18].
According to study results, an analysis of obstacles in accordance to nurses' roles identified the following three major obstacles: Nurses have to deal with angry patient's family members; The patient's relatives having inadequate understanding of the situation interfere with the nurses' duties; and Usually there is no time for conversations with patients about their wishes concerning the end of life decisions. These obstacles were described as very important in other studies conducted in both oncology and intensive care units [11, 24, 25]. Similar results were found in a study by Kirchhoff et al. One of the major obstacles in the provision of nursing care was related to issues with patients' families that made care at the EOL more difficult, such as the family not fully understanding the meaning of life support and angry family members. A study by Beckstrand et al. had similar findings. One dominant obstacle was patients' family members' not understanding what the term "lifesaving measures" really meant .
Most frequently, nurses acted as Advocates on behalf of patients and family members by informing physicians about patients' wishes and speaking with physicians for the family. Results of more recent studies have shown that nurses were more likely to employ direct methods, i.e., to speak with physicians and family members about the patient's prospects and involvement in decision-making . Bach et al. assessed the nurses' role in EOL decision-making in a critical care unit. Research data revealed that nurses usually assumed the role of a Supporter – "supporting to journey" - being there, a voice to speak up, enabling coming to terms, and helping to let go . Swedish researchers also analyzed which nursing role was the most frequent in an intensive care unit. According to findings of that study, nurses most frequently acted as Supporters: uncertainty about who was the close relative, getting near, keeping hope alive, and being honest, and in certain situations being Advocates .
Summarizing all research findings and comparing them to this study's results, it may be argued that in EOL care nurses most frequently act as Supporters, less frequently as Advocates and even less frequently as Information Brokers. Patients and family members need assistance and support in making difficult EOL decisions, and the nurse is the person who spends the most time with the patient and family members. For this reason, support is sought among nurses as they are empathic and represent the interest of both the patient and his family. Nursing professionals are in key positions to support EOL decisions and to advocate for patients and families across all health care settings. Support and advocacy have been identified as the common thread of quality EOL nursing care .
Oncology nurses are professional and have sufficient skills and experience to play an important role in solving patients' problems at the EOL period. Recommendations to hospital administration include providing support to oncology nurses, including strategies that would help improve the authority of the nursing profession. They should also create a physical environment in which nurse area able to talk with family about EOL issue. In addition, the information regarding identified obstacles and nurses' roles in providing EOL care can be used to facilitate discussion and change within oncology interdisciplinary teams and improve EOL care for patients with cancer and their families. Therefore, organizing interprofessional team conferences to discuss cancer patient cases and conducting patient satisfaction surveys to move toward patient-cantered care would be useful.
Moreover, nursing education programs should have more study time on the death and dying process, and the topic of "death" should not be considered taboo. Including more credits on inter-professional communication in the training programmes would enable nurses to discuss the EOL issues with patients, their family members, and colleagues.
Having analyzed study results, it is possible to conclude that respondents identified the following as major obstacles in providing EOL care: the nurse's opinion on immediate patient care was not valued, the lack of nursing knowledge on how to treat the patient's grieving family, and physicians avoiding conversations with the patient and family members on diagnosis and prospects. In EOL care nurses most frequently act as Supporters and less frequently as Advocates. Furthermore, three major obstacles were identified throughout all nursing roles: dealing with angry patient's family members, the lack of time for conversations with patients about their wishes and the patient's relatives having inadequate understanding of the situation interfere with the nurses' duties.
The authors thank oncology nurses for their study participation.
The researchers report that they received no funding for this research.
AB contributed to the concept and design, critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content, and conducted study supervision. JAN contributed to the concept and design, and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and English language. VČ was responsible for the concept and the design of the study, and for data collection and analysis. RLB contributed to the questionnaire. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The study was approved by the Bioethics centre at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (BEC-KS (M)-566). Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the data protection rights and the possibility to terminate the participation without reasoning.
Research was carried out in accordance to ethical principles of scientific research, the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as the Code of Ethics of the Lithuanian Social Research Centre (LSRC). Hospital administrations were informed of the research goals, and their permission was obtained prior to starting the study. In addition, verbal informed consent was obtained from each participant of the study following an explanation of the research goals. Confidentiality of respondents was assured.
WHO Health in 2015: from MDGs to SDGs. Available at: http://www.who.int/gho/en.


text:
The Making of NIGHTMARE - Part 2 - Roll the Cameras
THIS ARTICLE CONTAINS SPOILERS.
The filming of Nightmare was stalled by one initial problem - I wanted a new camera. Many criticisms targeted at The Attic were focused on the poor quality of my SD camcorder, which I bought in 2010 and started using it to film The Map of Five. The camera cost around £100 and had little going for it aside from an easy point and shoot format - manual focus was poor and difficult to use, excess light was difficult to block out even with a lens hood and the camera performed poorly in low light situations. However, I wanted to keep making films without stalling the production dramatically - the camera I was aiming to buy cost a staggering £700 and, had I saved up for it, Nightmare still wouldn't have been finished even now.
As a result, in September 2012, I made the decision to continue using my Panasonic SD camcorder, but promised that Nightmare would be my final film to make use of it. After decisions in regards to locations were settled, the first day of shooting commenced on September 15 at my granddad's house - this was the opening scene, in which Henry has a nightmare and is attacked by the strange cloaked demon within the haunted house.
Nightmare's opening scene was intended to be more intense than that of The Attic. Whether it was or not is down to the viewer!
Filming was split into a schedule across the two main locations: my granddad's house to film nightmare scenes, and the flat to film scenes set in reality. During the first weeks of filming, scenes largely took place at night - as a result, the early darkness of winter was a massive benefit, allowing us to prepare a filming session after college without having to work into ridiculously late hours. On any potential days off during holidays or weekends, we shot daytime scenes - the first of these was the scene immediately after the opening (where Bill is introduced), which was shot on September 23.
Filming for Nightmare was less eventful than filming for The Attic as it moved on at a brisk pace over the course of seven months, with no major hiatuses or gaps in the schedule that delayed the release. It was more a team effort for the most part; The Attic was mainly just me and Nathan, but in Nightmare, my girlfriend Kerry often helped out during scenes where were both acting. For the majority of the nightmare scenes, however, it was me and Nathan, which is why Henry and the demon are seldom seen in the same shot.
The old aesthetics and worrying histories of my granddad's house made it an apt place to film.
Nightmare features more conversation scenes than any of my previous works and this is a true test of patience for any filmmaker. The conversation scenes were not shot in a multi cam fashion - only one was used and so we had to keep moving it back and forth, speaking our individual lines when it was recording and rinse and repeat. Some simple scenes took over 2 hours due to this time consuming task. The final scenes of Nightmare were without a doubt the most challenging and intense of the entire film - and a change in the script had to be made due to a personal error of mine. Originally, Henry was going to find a new letter amongst the pile on the table, written by his grandmother to his mother when she was a child - the letter would've detailed the activity of the demon. Not only did I find it to be a bit of plot contrivance, but I also forgot to make the prop of this letter for the final scene and so it had to be redone. It was removed from the scene entirely and so some of the finale had to be improvised, which made it even more testing. The scenes where Bill and Henry end up in the flat and then return to it for the climax were shot in the same session on April 1 which lasted a whopping six hours.
For those wondering why I chose my granddad's house as a location, it is simply because my mum had a severe nightmare involving it which was similar to the plot of Nightmare - this and the story of my original short film were combined to form the final plot. Many of my family members are scared of the house and are convinced it is haunted, apparently because the previous tenant was a woman who, after having a failed love affair, hanged herself in the living room. My mum has told many stories of the house from when she was there as a child, such as cold sensations felt during the night and strange tapping that appeared to be some sort of communication. Freaky as this all was, the only creepy aspect I found the house to possess during filming was its archaic aesthetic - nothing supernatural occurred during our experience there. Still, it was an ideal setting to film, and it made for a nice spooky set without trying too hard in my eyes.
Shooting this scene was a literal nightmare due to that bloody rain.
Filming concluded on April 1, seven months after it began. It was a challenging but fun process, though I personally enjoyed filming of The Attic more. That's not to say Nightmare wasn't fun, but it became very stressful at times due to scheduling conflicts and travel problems, not to mention the length it took to shoot some simple conversation scenes. I didn't expect it to go any quicker or be any less of a challenge but sometimes I burned out during production and got a tad bored, which I feel affected the film in areas. Still, it was a memorable experience for everyone involved, and the final product born from it was definitely worth any hurdles we faced!
Written and posted by Anonymous at 10:17 pm
Labels: Behind the Scenes
Movie Review - Jurassic Park 3D
A Tribute to ToonTown
The Dragon Dream
Movie Review - The Conjuring


I began this pseudonym for fangirling purposes back in 2010 on LJ, little realising how much fandom would expand my horizons. As a character growth and development arc it had potential, much of which I definitely squandered, but I met you lovely people and learned a lot, for which you have my heartfelt thanks.
I might comment from here but I won't be updating this journal anymore. If you would like an alternate contact for me, send me a friend request or message as appropriate and I will get back to you.


FOUR HUNDRED ARAB REFUGEE FAMILIES HAVE BEEN MADE HOMELESS BY A FREAK SNOWSTORM WHICH SWEPT JORDAN ON WEDNESDAY NIGHT.
CAMP SITE; SNOW; REFUGEES; COLLAPSED TENTS; REFUGEES CLEARING TENTS; COLLAPSED ALUMINUM HOUSES; RESTITUTION WORK; BOYS PLAYING SNOW-BALLS.
Background: FOUR HUNDRED ARAB REFUGEE FAMILIES HAVE BEEN MADE HOMELESS BY A FREAK SNOWSTORM WHICH SWEPT JORDAN ON WEDNESDAY NIGHT. THE FAMILIES, FROM AL BAKAA CAMP, ABOUT 20 K.M. (12 MILES) NORTH-WEST OF AMMAN, HAVE BEEN EVACUATED TO NEW HOUSING UNITS.
CROWN-PRINCE HASSAN, AND SEVERAL OTHER MINISTERS VISITED THE CAMP TO INSPECT THE COLLAPSED TENTS AND 180 ALUMINIUM HOUSES, DONATED BY GERMAN ORGANISATIONS, CRUSHED BY THE SNOW.
OTHER PARTS OF JORDAN WERE AFFECTED BY THE SNOW-FALL.
AMMAN AIRPORT WAS CLOSED, SEVERAL MAIN ROADS WERE IMPASSABLE, AND SCHOOLS WERE CLOSED. SO FAR THERE HAVE BEEN NO REPORTS OF CASUALTIES. ALTHOUGH 70 PEOPLE, CAUGHT IN THE STORM NEAR THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE BORDER, WERE IN A STATE OF EXHAUSTION WHEN RESCUED.


[General description] Looking north along Gawler Place towards the rear of the Oriental Hotel, which is situated on Rundle Street. Shops on the right are soon to be demolished and replaced by a new building named Claridge House. [On back of photograph] 'Acre 82 / Gawler Place, east side / Feb. 28,1926 / Shakespeare's premises and the two storey buildings next door north were demolished in 1926. For view of the building subsequently erected see B 4712, B 4839, B 4840. Near side of three storey building on left is 33 yards south of Rundle Street. Near side of Shakespeare's is 53 1/2 yards south of Rundle Street.' (Another hand) 'For better view of Oriental Hotel buildings see B 7483'.


text:
Author: Ian Jindal
Co-Founder and Editor in Chief of InternetRetailing Media
RetailCraft 27 – "Attainable and Sustainable" – AnotherTomorrow.co
December 13, 2021 Ian JindalLeave a comment
Podcast with Vanessa Barboni Hallik of Another Tomorrow (https://lnkd.in/eRardBc8)
At the intersection of sustainability, design and technology, Another Tomorrow is an inspiring, lucid and enlightening startup that 'bakes in' the circular economy to its whole business model.
The founder and CEO, Vanessa Barboni Hallik, kindly invited me to her Bleeker Street store when I was in #NYC a fortnight ago, and despite the early morning noise of film crews, leaf blowers and garbage collection (!) we covered a lot of ground about how one starts a brand that's sustainable 'ab initio'. Vanessa covers sourcing, marketplaces, being a point of discovery, the plans for scaling and reselling, values and culture – it's a tour de force of things to consider in setting up a direct to consumer brand for a modern consumer. I particularly loved the combination of vision with analysis with execution.
You can listen on Apple Podcasts (https://lnkd.in/eRardBc8), Spotify (https://lnkd.in/eNysn6yf), or your preferred sound source.
RetailX Nexus – launch of our retail 'think tank'
June 26, 2021 June 26, 2021 Ian JindalLeave a comment
RetailX Nexus launches, with the mission of bringing ecommerce and multichannel leaders face-to-face once more
RetailX marks its return to face-to-face events with the launch of the first RetailX Nexus event, to be held this autumn.
Before the Covid-19 pandemic, RetailX was known for its in-person events, from roundtables and private dinners to think tank meetings. Now the company, an InternetRetailing sister company, is unveiling a landmark return to face-to-face, supplementing the digital events that have become commonplace during the pandemic.
Mark Pigou, co-founder of RetailX, says: "We have weathered a tsunami of 'pivoting to digital' over the past 18 months and we have learnt that whilst digital can provide an effective and engaging channel to deliver content, it cannot replace the clear advantages and benefits of face to face events.
"You cannot sit in front of a screen all day and you cannot have the kind of meaningful conversations and interaction that leads to real business benefits that live in person delivers. Digital will always have its place at the table but it simply cannot replace live events nor can it deliver comparable experiences and results."
The new RetailX Nexus event, to be held on October 7, rethinks the in-person event for a post-Covid audience. It will focus on the three key strategic priorities that are now moving quickly up the board agendas at ecommerce and multichannel retail businesses: sustainability, diversity, equity and inclusion, and customer intelligence – about how automated technologies including machine-learning and AI will transform the retail customer experience.
Numbers will be limited to 100 senior retailers for an event that will run under strict Chatham House rules, thus giving participants the chance to think aloud in discussions, sharing experiences while learning from what others share.
Ian Jindal, chief executive and co-founder of RetailX, says: "The Nexus event is about taking back the space to think strategically. In this event we will relish the debate, the silent moment to reflect and question, and a safe space to change your mind. It's for a corpus of leaders who can take the many ideas that this event will offer and coalesce into action.
"Senior leaders don't need to debate simple issues, so we've focused upon the central questions that are currently affecting, engaging and testing the whole organisation and have a real impact that's being felt both by customers and colleagues."
RETHINKING FACE-TO-FACE
The event, to be held at Etc. Venues in London between 8.30am and 3.30pm, with after party networking from 3.35pm onwards, has been designed in close collaboration with an 18-member RetailX advisory panel that includes senior retailers and industry figures including Sienne Veit, group digital product and platform director at Kingfisher, David Kohn, customer and ecommerce director at Heals, Georgina Stoaling, head of ecommerce at Superdrug, Simon Forster, former CEO at Selfridges, Jennifer Roebuck, chief customer officer at Ted Baker, Robin Philips, chief executive and founder of The WatchShop Group and Donna Chen, marketing and digital director at House of Benney,.
RetailX content strategy and event event development director Anthony Parker says: "When we went out to speak to our advisory board and others, the response, after 18 months of Covid, was to say, 'Just let us speak with each other. There's so much that you can learn from conversations.'
"That's very important to the structure of the event. After each of our central sessions there'll be a 45-minute table discussion guided by a member of our advisory board. It's a way of translating what's up on the stage to a discussion among 10 retail leaders – from chief executives to company founders and directors – about what that means to their businesses."
Organisers of RetailX Nexus are contacting initial participants now, via the RetailX research team. If you'd like to nominate someone to be one of the 100 participants then please visit the RetailX Nexus website for more information, and register your interest here.
The 2020 Sustainability Report
December 17, 2020 December 17, 2020 Ian JindalLeave a comment
Download our #Sustainability Report 2020 to discover how retailers are improving their sustainability throughout the full retail value chain, and embracing the circular economy.
A fantastic report by Emma Herrod and the RetailX / InternetRetailing team.
https://internetretailing.net/sustainableecommerce
52 pages of facts, case studies and analysis, including:
— Zalando SE was the first retailer to make it compulsory for the brands selling via its platform to measure their business sustainability, substantially reducing the fashion industry's impact on the environment;
— Supermarkets are working to reduce food waste across their supply chains. Tesco's contribution has dropped by 200,000 tonnes over the past three years;
— C&A avoids using nearly 1.1 billion cubic metres of water – the equivalent of 440,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools, thanks to sourcing organic and Better Cotton Initiative.
We're already working on the 2021 report so tell me what you'd like to see included, or contact me to discuss your views.
# #circulareconomy#sustainable#foodwaste#retail
RetailCraft 21 – "One-way and two-way doors" – Chris Poad, Managing Director, Online at Tesco PLC
October 14, 2020 December 3, 2020 Ian JindalLeave a comment
Chris Poad, Managing Director, Online at Tesco PLC joins us in the studio for a wide-ranging and extensive discussion. Fresh from a series of senior roles at Amazon (heading Fulfilment by Amazon, then Director, Amazon Business International), Chris has returned to the UK to take up the reins at Tesco's online activities – just in time to be in the eye of the COVID storm!
We segue from his career to the Tesco response – an impressive and sustained activity at scale – and we learn about the values that drove the work, the decision-making approaches, and how the team runs under such great pressure.
The interview is chock-full of insights, expressed with clarity and openness – it's a privileged view inside Tesco at a defining time. There are too many quotable nuggets to list here, but the title of this podcast references a perceptive classification of decision-making – jump to 22m10s if you can't bear to wait! It's worth it.
Our thanks to Chris for giving us so much time, and we'll pick up with him again post-Christmas to see how the peak-upon-peak of trading turned out.
Chris Poad: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chrispoad/
Ian Jindal: www.linkedin.com/in/ianjindal/ and www.twitter.com/ianjindal
Jamie Merrick: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jamiemerrick/
Recorded remotely and at Spiritland Studios, UK.
Episode photo credit: Ian Jindal.
RetailCraft 20 – "60,000 in 90 days" – Mark Wright of Fat Face and Murray Lambell of eBay UK
August 15, 2020 December 3, 2020 Ian JindalLeave a comment
A bumper edition for the stifling dog-days of August!
We kick off with an in-depth chat with Mark Wright, Group Operations Director at Fat Face. Mark's got an incredible track record in retail – online, offline and multichannel – with stints as head of trading at M&S and as Managing Director, Omnichannel and Jack Wills. His role at Fat Face covers all operations and trading and so it was interesting to get his reflections upon the lockdown, recovery and impact. Mark's a direct and generous guest and so there's no holding back!
After Mark we hear from Murray Lambell, the VP of Trading at eBay UK. Murray's role is to help major retailers and brands get onto the eBay platform and there are some suprises here, with no hard sell. 27 million (yes, million) active customers on eBay are the "bait" for sellers, and Murray's team look at what they're are searching for, identify gaps, and then approach retailers and brands to take up that demand. Murray shares with us the partnership approach and, as if a jolt were needed this year, points out that 60,000 sellers have joined eBay in the last 90 days! Busy, busy times indeed.
Mark Wright: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mark-wright-74824b/
Murray Lambell: https://www.linkedin.com/in/murraylambell/
RetailCraft 19 – "Make your gran proud" – Lockdown with The Hut Group's Aaron Winsloe and AO.com CEO and Founder John Roberts
July 31, 2020 December 3, 2020 Ian JindalLeave a comment
Still in lockdown limbo, we use the internet to speak with two guests from the beauty and electricals sectors.
First up is Aaron Winsloe, the Head of eCommerce USA for The Hut Group. We spoke with Aaron in his new office just before the group results were announced – an impressive 24% revenue growth to £1.1bn and a 22% increase in profits. With 66% of group turnover coming from the international operations, it was a timely moment to catch up with Aaron, and in particular the trading and learning experience over COVID.
Next up is John Roberts, founder and CEO of AO.com. John has some very pithy sayings, as well as a lovely 'origin story' for how 'Appliances Online' (as it was 20 years ago) was founded. This interview was recorded as a keynote for IRX Engage's inaugural digital event, and in discussion we hear about the 'pivot' to a direct-selling brand and the values that underpin the business' success. The sound quality is more "phone line" than "BBC Studio" but John is such a compelling speaker that we had to share the interview.
Run time: 26 minutes.
Aaron Winsloe: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aaron-winsloe-a0a30680/
John Roberts: https://twitter.com/johnrobertsAO
RetailCraft episode 18 – Pet Mate and The Watch Shop
As Lockdown continued, we caught up with our guests 'over the web'.
Our first guest is Gracia Amico: chair, non-executive advisor and experienced CEO. In the past, she's held senior digital and commercial roles at Burberry, TopShop and Hobbs, as well as CEO at Pets Pyjamas. After a period as Head of Digital Operations at Sun Capital, Gracia is now a non-executive Director at Stitched (the online curtains and blinds seller) and Chair of the pet technology company, Pet Mate.
With Gracia we learn about the dynamics of the 'pet' market, discuss the role of the CEO and the skills needed as Chair, and touch on an investor view of the skills needed to thrive as we emerge from lockdown.
Robin Phillips is our next guest. Robin is the CEO of The Watch Shop, but his career has seen him cover the gamut of ecommerce. He was Ecommerce Director at Waitrose, then Director of Omnichannel for Boots, before joining Kurt Geiger as Director of Digital. Robin's experience then across fashion, food and pharmacy mean that he's got a unique take on retail over the COVID lockdown, as well as some interesting insights on how The Watch Shop can be a brand platform for watch brands to sell.
Gracia Amico: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gracia-amico-7aa9b0/
Robin Phillips: https://www.linkedin.com/in/robin-phillips-rgp/
Posted in Podcast, RetailCraft
Alexander Wang Inc and De Bijenkorf join our 'Lockdown Listening' #Retailcraft podcast, episode 17
Thoroughly grounded in London, I luckily had some interviews from the 'time when travel was allowed' and so we hear from Rikard Frost, Chief Consumer Officer of Alexander Wang Inc, when we visited him in New York City in January 2020. Then, further back in time, we chat with Pieter Heij, Multichannel Director at De Bijenkorf, the Netherland's premier department store (and part of the Selfridges group). We chatted with Pieter just before an autumn dinner in Amsterdam – such proximity is much missed as we socially distance!
Posted in News, Podcast, RetailCraft
M&S International and NRF2020 feature in Episode 16 of the RetailCraft Podcast
March 1, 2020 Ian JindalLeave a comment
Just released, the latest episode of the podcast in with Jamie and I chat about the NRF's Big Show 2020 in New York, and our store tour there. We were an official podcast partner and took advantage of the booth there to do an interview with Laura Padfield, who runs strategy and development for M&S' International activities…
https://internetretailing.podbean.com/e/retailcraft-16-hard-nosed-thinking-ms-international-and-nrf-from-new-york/
Posted in Announcement, InternetRetailing, Podcast, RetailCraft
Keynote at Oracle OpenWorld London's retail track
February 12, 2020 March 1, 2020 Ian JindalLeave a comment
It was a pleasure to join Oracle again for a post-NRF round-up of what's new and interesting in retail.
I spoke about my impressions of NRF, gave information on the store tour I ran, and also gave some highlights of the RetailX Top500 UK that we were about to publish…
@ianjindal @etail synopsis of #nrf2020 #retail trends at @OracleRetail track #OOWLON #Mobility #CustomerService #omnichannel #thoughtleader pic.twitter.com/3zYPylAhgT
— Rosalia Giordano (@RosaliaGiordano) February 12, 2020
You can see the Reports here (free access to Top500 retailers and members – contact membership@internetretailing.net if you can't access).
https://internetretailing.net/top500-reports/top500-reports/rxuk-top-500-report-2020
Posted in InternetRetailing, Speaking


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Q: Software that takes an image as input and searches a specified directory for similar images I'm looking for a program that lets me input an image and then search a directory for visually similar images (much like Google image search, except it compares the image with my the local files in the directory that I specify).
So I have an image and let the program process it. Then the program will output a list of visually similar images (in % for example).
Is there such software? I really need it to find an image.

A: imgSeek should let you search by an approximate sketch or photo:
"imgSeek is a photo collection manager and viewer with content-based search and many other features. The query is expressed either as a rough sketch painted by the user or as another image you supply (or an image in your collection)"
http://sourceforge.net/projects/imgseek/
or Duplicate Finder is simpler if you have exact photos to search with:
http://www.duplicate-finder.com/photo.html

A: See, there are many ways to serve your purpose from developing one of your own to using a 3rd party. But sometimes it's better not to reinvent the wheel though, So, I am sharing a list of applications with a similar purpose :

*

*Dup Detector

*DupliFinder

*DoubleKiller

*SimilarImages

*VisiPics
Hope it will help you out, Thanks!!!


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Chimpanzees, hogs help monkeys, guineafowl
This 2015 video says about itself:
Chimps Cracking, Eating and Acting Nuts
Eating raw essential fats increases intelligence.
From the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany:
Monkeys benefit from the nut-cracking abilities of chimpanzees and hogs
Mangabey monkeys get free access to fresh tropical nuts by profiting from the nut-cracking skills of chimpanzees and the strong jaws of hogs
Summary: Researchers describe for the first time the scavenging behavior of mangabey monkeys, guinea fowls, and squirrels on energy-rich nut remnants cracked by chimpanzees and red river hogs. The team used data collected by camera traps in the rain forest of Tai National Park in Ivory Coast. The results reveal new unknown interactions between different species and increase our understanding of the complex community of animals foraging around tropical nut trees.
To investigate the scavenging behaviour first author Bryndan van Pinxteren of the University of Amsterdam analysed all video material from the camera traps by scoring the visiting behaviour of mangabey monkeys, fowl species and squirrels to chimpanzee nut-cracking sites in relation to known nut-cracking events. Furthermore, since mangabeys are infrequently preyed upon by chimpanzees, he investigated whether they perceive an increased predation risk when approaching nut remnants. In total, 190 nut-cracking events were observed in four different areas of Tai National Park, Ivory Coast.
After detailed analyses the team confirmed that mangabeys scavenged on the nuts cracked by chimpanzees and hogs, and that this behaviour enabled them to access food sources that would otherwise not be accessible. For example, one of the fresh nut species (Panda oleosa) needs to be cracked by chimpanzees using heavy stones. They are too hard, and mangabeys cannot open them using their teeth. Mangabeys were also present more often at the nut-cracking sites after chimpanzees and red river hogs had cracked nuts, suggesting that they were attracted to the nut-cracking events. White-breasted guinea fowl, helme[te]d guinea fowl, and several squirrel species, which previously had been observed to scavenge on these nut remnants, were not present more often at the nut-cracking sites after nut-cracking events, suggesting that mangabeys, but not the other species, were potentially more motivated to approach nut-cracking chimpanzees and hogs and to profit from their nut-cracking skills.
"After studying both species for many months, I remain intrigued by the puzzling relationship between mangabey monkeys and chimpanzees. At some moments the monkeys seem to be scared of these potential though infrequent predators, while at other times they approach chimpanzees within meters to profit from their tool-using skills, as if they had learned to anticipate the other species 'mood'", says Karline Janmaat of the University of Amsterdam and the Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology.
Mangabeys showed elevated levels of vigilance, measured by noting down how often the monkeys watched their distant surroundings at the chimpanzee nut-cracking sites compared with other foraging sites, suggesting that they perceived elevated danger at these sites. This could be explained by the tendency of chimpanzees to hunt monkeys. The elevated level of vigilance during scavenging is therefore consistent with the possibility that the mangabeys encounter a dilemma between an opportunity to gain a high amount of "free" energy and increased predation risk. "The decisions of mangabeys to approach food left-overs from potential predators, may imply contextual knowledge that helps the monkeys to judge when they are safe and when they need to be vigilant or move into a safe position", adds Janmaat.
"This same type of decision-making behaviour might also have been present in our early human ancestors who could obtain free food — hard to acquire otherwise — from dangerous predators by scavenging on their left-over prey carrion. Therefore studying the monkeys' behaviour might give us insights in the origin of our own decision-making skills."
"What is sad is that the forests in which we observed the monkeys' intriguing behaviour are disappearing at an alarming rate," says Bryndan van Pinxteren. "We are not only losing these forests, but we also lose our evolutionary history, since all our closest living relatives live in the rain forest."
A study has analyzed the mechanical properties and the isotopic composition of plant foods eaten by chimpanzees living in the tropical rain forest and savannah woodland. They found that the savannah chimpanzees eat foods that are more mechanically challenging and therefore may place higher selective pressures on their chewing apparatus compared to their conspecifics living in the rainforest: here.
Humans are often faced with the choice of investing in the greater good or being selfish and letting others do the work. Animals that live in groups often encounter threats, and informing others could potentially save lives. Researchers show that wild sooty mangabeys, when facing dangerous vipers, do not just call out of fear or to warn their family, but will call when the information about the threat might otherwise not reach all group members: here.
This entry was posted in Biology, Birds, Mammals and tagged primates by petrel41. Bookmark the permalink.
2 thoughts on "Chimpanzees, hogs help monkeys, guineafowl"
petrel41 on July 31, 2018 at 10:41 am said:
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