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EPP: EISA's international election observation missions
EISA's Election Observation Missions bring representatives of civil society organisations, election management bodies, political parties, academic institutions and the media of all SADC countries together to observe elections. These missions have proven very useful as they have allowed election stakeholders across the region to remain involved in election work during the period in-between elections as well as giving the participants a comparative perspective on electoral processes and models. This helps them to build their knowledge and hence gain the required confidence to engage in reform initiatives in their own countries.
EISA's technical assessment missions are comprised of election experts mostly drawn from EISA staff for the primary purpose of documenting critical electoral processes in countries where it is not deploying fully-fledged missions that can effectively cover election day processes. As part of its election documentation initiatives, EISA introduced the conduct of Pre-election Assessment Missions (PAMs) in 2012.
Pre-election assessment mission reports findings constitute a basis for the advisory and technical support EISA provides to its partners, including the African Union, Regional economic communities, Electoral management bodies and Parties and civil society.
Observation reports and statements publicise information on the conduct of the electoral processes countries where EISA has deployed EOMs.
International benchmarks for conduct and monitoring of elections used in assessing elections observed.
EISA's online tools
EISA's Popola system used for the electronic collection, collation and analysis of field observation data in real time.
EOM deployed to The Kenyan General elections
3-9 Aug 2022
EISA deployed a full-fledged short-term Election Observation Mission (EOM) to the Kenya 2022 General Elections comprised of 21 Short-term observers (STOs), mainly drawn from Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), Election Management Bodies (EMBs) and academia from across the continent. Headed by Goodluck Jonathan, former President of Nigeria, and his deputy Baïdessou Soukolgué, EISA's Executive Director, observers will be deployed in ten counties in all regions, until 12 August 2022.
Preliminary statement, 11 Aug 2022
Joint pre-election statement, 9 Aug 2022
Arrival statement, 3 Aug 2022
EOM deployed to The Gambia Presidential elections
30 Nov-4 Dec 2021
EISA deployed an EOM to the Gambian Presidential elections. The mission comprised of 15 Short-term observers (STOs). The observers were deployed to six (06) regions across the country where they observed the final stages of the campaigns, election day procedures and results aggregation process.
Preliminary statement, 6 Dec 2021
Arrival statement, 30 Nov 2021
PAM to the Gambia deployed
3-9 Oct 2021
EISA's EPP department conducted an election Pre-Election Assessment Mission (PAM) to the Gambia from 3-9 October 2021. The team of two met with electoral stakeholders, including the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC), political parties and civil society organisations. The purpose of the PAM was to assess the pre-election and political context in The Gambia as well as to determine whether conditions exist for conducting democratic elections for the upcoming presidential elections scheduled for 4 December 2021.
Pre-Election Assessment Mission (PAM)
Technical Assessment Mission to Zambia deployed
5-16 Aug 2021
EISA deployed a Technical Assessment Mission (TAM) to the Zambian elections to observe the general conditions under which the elections took place. The mission assessed the readiness of the Electoral Commission of Zambia (ECZ) for the 2021 polls, the issues raised during stakeholder engagements as well as EISA's analysis of the prevailing conditions before, during and after the election day itself.
Technical Assessment Mission (TAM) Report
Elections follow-up mission to Mozambique
EISA's EPP department conducted an election follow-up mission to Mozambique from 23-26 March 2021. The team of four met with the National Electoral Commission (CNE), the Constitutional Court, the governing FRELIMO party, and the two largest opposition parties namely RENAMO and MDM. A meeting with CSOs was held virtually and face to face in a round table discussion that included CDD, CESC, Socientade Aberta and SOLDMOZ. With the Swedish Embassy a face to face meeting was held, while meetings with the Embassy of Norway in Mozambique and the Canadian Embassy were held online due to restrictions on physical meetings by these two embassies.
Stakeholders intimated that electoral laws require harmonisation, for the many conflicting laws make legal interpretation difficult when a disputes arise. EISA continues to engage these partners and donors for future collaboration in with regards to the issue of harmonisation.
PAM to Chad deployed
20-21 Mars 2021
EISA deployed a Pre-Election Assessment Mission (PAM) to Chad from 20 to 31 March 2021. The objective of the mission was to understand the electoral environment, measure the level of involvement in the electoral process of each stakeholders and to assess the challenges and preparedness of these countries to hold elections.
Pre-Election Mission (PAM) Report
PAM to Benin deployed
7-13 Mars 2021
EISA deployed a Pre-election Assessment Mission (PAM) to Benin in March 2021 ahead of the Presidential elections to be held on 11 April 2021, during the PAM various stakeholders including political parties, the election management body and civil socity organisations were consulted.
Rapport de la Mission d'evaluation pre-electorale de EISA
Côte d'Ivoire National Assembly election EOM
EISA and The Carter Center relaunched their joint international election observation mission by deploying 16 long-term observers to assess the preparations for the 6 March 2021 National Assembly elections. This core team of experts resumed its activities in mid-January and an additional 20 short-term observers joined the mission in March to observe election day processes. EISA's EPP department made all international travel logistics for the team and was involved in writing and translating the preliminary statement to English.
Joint preliminary Statement, 8 Mar 2021
Final Report, 2021
Elections follow up mission to Tunisia
EPP conducted an Election Follow-up Mission (EFuM) to Tunisia that began on 14 December and ended 20 December 2020. While the mission was scheduled for April 2020, restrictions imposed to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic by various countries, including Tunisia, prevented EISA from doing so. EISA deployed a team of four members who held meetings with key stakeholders including the ISIE, two Civil Society Organizations (Mourakiboun and Jeunesse Sans Frontière, JSF), the Division of International Cooperation of the Embassy of Switzerland in Tunisia, and two political parties, namely Qalb Tounes and Ennahda. The objective of the EFuM was to present EISA's final IEOM report and to follow up on recommendations made by its IEOM to promote the translation of proposed recommendations into proposals for legal reforms and to improve the conduct of the next electoral cycle.
PAM to Central African Republic deployed
8-14 novembre 2020
From 8 to 14 November 2020, EISA deployed a Pre-election Assessment Mission (PAM) to the Central African Republic. The PAM was led by Mr Stephen Mattia, Head of EISA's Elections and Political Processes (EPP) department and Ms. Marie Joelle Dedy Kei from the EPP department. The PAM met with leaders from main political parties, the National Elections Authority, civil society organisations as well as various partners which lend technical, material and fiancial support to the election process.
Rapport de synthèse de la Mission d'evaluation pre-electorale, 21 novembre 2020
Côte d'Ivoire presidential election PAM and EOM
Following the deployment of a PAM from 1 Jun - 31 Aug 2020 (see Résumé de rapport), EISA deployed an EOM in conjunction with The Carter Centre to observe the presidential election sheduled for 31 Oct 2020.
Joint preliminary Statement, 2 Nov 2020
PAM to Ghana deployed
9-17 Nov 2020
EISA deployed a Pre-election Assessment Mission (PAM) to Ghana in November 2020 ahead of the eighth presidential and parliamentary elections set for 7 December 2020, to study and analyse the pre-election environment following consultations with stakeholders.
Summary of PAM Report, 2020
EOM deployed to Tanzanian general elections
In the run up to the 28 October 2020 General Elections in Tanzania, a pre-election assessment mission was deployed 21-25 September 2020 (see PAM Report).
An EISA subsequently deployed an EOM comprised of 14 international observers drawn from CSOs and Election Management Bodies from across Africa. The EOM was led by Pansy Dikeledi Tlakula, former Chairperson, Electoral Commission of South Africa. Observes were drawn from civil society groups, electoral commissions, and electoral experts from 11 African countries. The observers were deployed to seven regions in Tanzania Dar es Salaam, Arusha, Dodoma, Pemba, Moshi, Zanzibar and Mwanza (see Preliminary statement, 30 oct 2020).
The EISA Head of Mission together with the African Union and the East African Community heads of mission held several meetings to share information and deployment plans and released a statement urging Tanzanians to maintain peace and for the police to exercise restraint when there were threats of violence.
The EISA EOM to Tanzania did not witness any meaningful measures to mitigate the transmission of the Covid-19 virus during campaigning or voting procedures.
PAM deployed to Niger
27 Sep - 3 Oct 2020
An EISA deployed an PAM to Niger to investigate conditions in the run up to the December 2020 presidential and parliamentary elections, the findings of which informed EISA's support to various stakeholder, including a citizen observation mission.
PAM report, 30 oct 2020.
Virtual pre-election assessments conducted
EPP undertook PAMs to Ethiopia (Report), Burkina Faso (Rapport), Côte d'Ivoire (Résumé de rapport), Guinea (Report summary) Seychelles (Report), Tanzania (Report), Niger (Report) and Ghana (Report Summary). These assessments were conducted virtually with teams having online consultations with stakeholders to assess the readiness of their respective country to hold elections. Travel permitted, on site visits will also be conducted.
Technical Assessment Mission deployed to Guinea withdrawn
23 Feb - 4 Mar 2020
An EISA Technical Assessment Mission (TAM) was deployed to Guinea from 23 February to 4 March 2020, to assess the integrity of the electoral process in the Republic. Due to political tension in the country and the high risk of violence, the mission was withdrawn from the country on 1 March, and the legislative elections subsequently postponed.
PAM to Togo deployed
10-14 février 2020
EISA deployed a Pre-election Assessment Mission (PAM) to Togo from 10-14 February 2021 ahead of the Presidential elections that were held on 22 February 2020, during the PAM various stakeholders including politicians, the CENI, the Communications Authority, media outlets and citizen observers were consulted. The PAM made various findings which are all published in the report.
Final Pre-Election Assessment Mission Report, 20 février 2020
In house election observation methodology workshop
Based on the premise that an election is more than a one-day event, EPP organised a two-day workshop in January 2020 to design an election observation methodology that covers all the elements necessary for a democratic electoral process. The workshop was attended by some of the EISA field office country directors, EPP staff and EISA's Operations Director.
It reviewed EISA's overall election assessment methodology, identifiedy the gaps in the current methodology and assessed the extent to which the post-election assessment can contribute to strengthening the integrity of electoral processes. The workshop informed the design the structure and content of EISA's election follow-up mission report which will be piloted during the Mozambique post-election report submission.
EPP deployed EOM to:
Mozambique preliminary statement: 2019 presidential, legislative and provincial elections, 19 Oct 2019.
Nigeria preliminary statement: 2019 general elections in Nigeria, 25 February 2019.
South Africa report: National and Provincial Elections 8 May 2019.
EPP also deployed a technical assessment mission (TAM) to the Tunisian general elections on 13 Sep 2019 and the subsequent presidential run-off held on 15 Oct 2019 (Rapport pour les élections présidentielles et législatives de 2019 (Arabic)).
Pre-election assessments conducted
Aug-Nov 2019
EISA deployed pre-election assessment missions (PAMs) in Tunisia (31 August - 4 September 2019), Botswana (16-19 September 2019) and Namibia (4 - 9 November 2019). The PAM to Tunisia complemented the assessment of EISA LTOs. The PAM to Botswana and Namibia contributed to strengthening the election assessment capacity of AU EOMs.
EOM to the national elections in Tunisia
Aug-Oct 2019
EISA deployed a fully-fledged international EOM to the presidential and parliamentary elections in Tunisia that comprised 4 LTOs who were deployed as part of an integrated mission with The Carter Center, 16 STOs deployed to the voting phases of the first round of the presidential election and the parliamentary elections respectively, and a technical assessment team of six experts deployed to the voting phase of the runoff presidential election. The mission was led by Cassam Uteem, former president of Mauritius.
EOM to the 2019 elections in Mozambique
A fully-fledged EISA EOM was deployed to observe the 15 October 2019 presidential, legislative and provincial elections in Mozambique. The mission was composed of 20 LTOs and 20 STOs who were supported by a core team of four experts. The LTOs were deployed from 26 August to 30 October 2019. The short-term component was deployed from 9 to 18 October 2019. The EISA EOMs was led by John Dramani Mahama, former president of Ghana.
The EISA EOMs issued public statements to announce its deployment, to register its concern about the assassination of a citizen observer and to announce its preliminary assessment of the process. The EPP team also provided support to the Mozambique office programme in its citizen observation work, specifically the parallel vote tabulation process.
Relatório final · Final Report
Apr-Aug 2019
EISA deployed pre-election assessment missions (PAMs) in Malawi (7 - 13 April 2019), Mauritania (29 April - 3 May 2019) and Mozambique (5 - 9 August 2019). The PAMs to Malawi and Mauritania were deployed as part of EISA's ongoing support to the African Union (AU) while the PAM to Mozambique was part of EISA's programme in Mozambique. Findings of the PAMs to Malawi and Mauritania were of significant value to the core teams of the AUEOM which did not have any prior knowledge of the electoral context of these countries. The PAMs strengthened the election assessment capacity of the AU.
EOM to South Africa's 2019 elections
14 Apr - 20 May 2019
With support from the German Embassy in South Africa, EISA deployed a short-term election observer mission to the 2019 National and Provincial Elections in South Africa from 14 April 2019 to 20 May 2019. The mission was led by Goodluck Jonathan, former president of Nigeria, deputised by Denis Kadima, EISA's Executive Director. The mission consisted of 34 international observers deployed to all provinces of South Africa. The EOM observed the final stages of the election campaign period, the election period and the immediate post-election period. EISA's methodology for data collection at polling station level for the study on patterns of electoral violence was piloted during the EISA EOM. The study is being implemented by the GIPP, team in partnership with the University of Michigan. Teams were deployed to pre-determined polling stations through random sampling. The random sampling of deployment improved the patterns of polling station coverage by EISA observers.
Long-Term observers deployed to 2019 Tunisian elections
EISA deployed four Long-Term Observers (LTOs) to Tunisia ahead of the Presidential and Parliamentary elections scheduled for 15 September and 6 October 2019 respectively. The deployment of long terms observers is in partnership with The Carter Center (TCC). The EISA LTOs have been integrated into TCC's team of 12 LTOs since 18 July 2019. The partnership with TCC and the deployment of EISA LTOs was made possible with funding from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).
The deployment of the LTOs contributes to EISA's overall support to the integrity of the electoral process in Tunisia. EISA will deploy short-term observers during the two voting phases of the elections. The EISA EOMs is led by Cassam Uteem, former president of Mauritius.
Long Term observers deployed to the 2019 Mozambique elections
The first component of EISA's EOM deployed to observe the 2019 presidential, legislative and provincial elections in Mozambique arrived in the country on 31 August 2019. The mission consists of 20 Long-term observers (LTOs), who were deployed to the 11 provinces of Mozambique after three days of briefing and orientation. The LTOs will be on the ground until 30 October 2019. They will be joined by STOs and the mission leadership in October, during the voting phase. The EOM issued its arrival statement on 1 September 2019 to announce its presence to relevant stakeholders in Mozambique. Based on lessons learnt from its recent missions, a security expert is included in the core team supporting the LTOs in Maputo. As the mission is currently ongoing, feedback on the implementation of the mission and its preliminary conclusions will be provided in the next reporting period.
EOM to the Nigerian General Elections
An EISA Election Observer Mission (EOM) was deployed to Nigeria from 6 February to 1 March 2019 to observe the 23 February 2019 general elections in Nigeria. The mission consisted of 16 Short Term Observers (STOs) deployed in teams of two to observe the electoral process in Abuja, Adamawa, Akwa-Ibom, Enugu, Ondo, Kanu, and Kwara. The EOM covered the final stages of the election campaign period, the election period and the immediate post-election periods.
The implementation of the EISA EOMs was impacted by the last-minute postponement of the elections. EISA had initially envisaged to deploy a technical team to the state elections on 2 March, but the budgetary implications of the postponement, the EOM's assessment was restricted to the national elections.
Pre-election assessment conducted
EISA deployed pre-election assessment missions (PAMs) in Nigeria (6-12 January 2019), Senegal (14-10 Jan 2019; Report) and Guinea Bissau (4-8 February 2019). Findings of these PAMs informed the technical assessment and operational work of an EISA Election Observation Mission (EOM) to Nigeria's general elections and contributed to its technical support to EOof the African Union (AU) in Senegal and Guinea Bissau. Findings of the PAMs to Senegal and Guinea Bissau were of significant value to the technical teams of AU EOwhich did not have any prior knowledge of the electoral context of these countries. The PAMs strengthened the election assessment capacity of the AU.
EPP conducted a continental EOM to the Mozambique local government elections (Report Municipal Elections 10 October 2018. A further EOM was deployed to the 7 March 2018 elections in Sierra Leone (Preliminary Statement).
A technical assessment mission (TAM) was deployed from 21 March to 3 April 2018 to observe the runoff presidential election in Sierra Leone held on 31 March 2018.
EOM to Mozambican Municipal Elections
25 Sep-16 Oct 2018
A medium term EISA Election Observer Mission (EOM) was deployed from 25 September 2018-16 October 2018, to observe the 10 October municipal elections in Mozambique. The mission consisted of 17 Medium Term Observers (MTO's) deployed in teams of two to observe the electoral process in Maputo, Quelimane, Beira, Gurue, Marromeu, Ilha de Mocambique and Angoche. The EOM covered the campaign period, the election period and the post-election periods, to build on the assessment of the EISA Technical Team that was deployed to observe the voter registration process.
Pre-election assessment conducted in Madagascar
EISA partnered with The Carter Center (TCC) to deploy a joint pre-election assessment mission (PAM) in Madagascar from 3 to 11 August 2018. The joint PAM sought to achieve three key objectives: to fundraise for the deployment of a joint international election observation mission (EOM), to inform EISA's technical support to international EOin Madagascar, including the African Union (AU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and to enable EISA to further contribute to increased knowledge on the electoral environment in Madagascar. Unfortunately, funding was not secured to deploy an EISA/TCC EOM.
DRC electronic voting machine assessment
May/Jun 2018
EISA, in partnership with the Westminster Foundation for Democracy, funded by DFID, undertook an assessment of the electronic voting machines (EVMs) scheduled to be used in the forthcoming December 2018 presidential and parliamentary elections in the DRC and to engage with the CENI regarding the findings. EISA an expert to assist with the assessment. An initial assessment was conducted in May 2018 and a further assessment was conducted in June and July. EISA has received extremely favourable feedback regarding its support to date. The EV are widely seen as a tool by President Kabila and the CENI to steal the elections and allow a very unpopular president to win the elections. EISA was very mindful of the sensitive nature of the project and its polarising effect on the country and was therefore very cautious.
Pre-election assessment in Zimbabwe
An EISA pre-election assessment mission (PAM) was deployed to Zimbabwe from 18 to 22 June 2018. The outcome of the pre-election assessment will inform EISA's technical support to international EOin Zimbabwe such as the African Union (AU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Furthermore, the pre-election assessment will contribute to EISA's documentation and dissemination of knowledge on electoral processes on the continent.
Assessment of Voter Registration Process in Mozambique
Mar & May 2018
EPP supported the EISA Mozambique office in the deployment of an EISA Technical Assessment Mission (TAM) to observe the voter registration and the public inspection of the provisional voter's roll in Mozambique. The mission was deployed in two phases from 14 to 25 March 2018 to assess and document the beginning of the voter registration period; and from 13 to 22 May 2018 to assess the end of the voter registration and the period of inspection of the provisional voter's roll.
In its assessment, the TAM noted that the majority of the centres observed opened at the scheduled time. Late opening of the other centres was due to the equipment. Queues were observed at most stations during the visits of EISA teams. The daily working hours of registration centres were extended towards the end of the process to accommodate last minute rush especially in urban areas. Despite the observed interruptions that were caused by the breakdown of registration equipment, the voter registration process was largely smooth and conducted within a peaceful environment. The mission noted a number of issues in its Report such as:
Registration personnel had good understanding of the registration procedures and the equipment.
The presence of political party monitors was also noted at most of the centres visited, however, citizen observers were conspicuously absent during the process.
Inconsistencies I in the application of procedures for collection and entry of voters' data, delivery of voter cards and closing procedures for citizens who were in the queues at the closing time of registration centres.
The public inspection period was characterised by low turnout and absence of political party monitors during the public inspection of the provisional lists.
Inconsistencies observed in the procedures for issuing replacement voter cards.
The mission enabled EISA to strengthen its methodology for assessing specific thematic electoral issues. The mission also provided an opportunity to interrogate the value of the use of biometric registration in the country.
See Assessment statements and reports.
Technical Assessment Mission to the runoff presidential election in Sierra Leone
21 Mar - 3 Apr 2018
Following the deployment of an EISA election observation mission to the general elections in Sierra Leone that were held in February 2018, EISA deployed a TAM from 21 March to 3 April 2018 to assess the runoff presidential election held on 31 March 2018. The TAM was led by Dr Goodluck Jonathan, former Nigerian President, with Ilona Tip, EISA's Operations Director as the Deputy Mission Leader. The TAM comprised four election experts who were part of the EOM during the first round.
Due to the limited election day coverage of the TAM, a public statement was not issued. The leadership of the EISA TAM however played a key role in the efforts of international EOMs to mediate the conflict between the two contending parties and the NEC. The TAM noted that the political context of the runoff election was tenser than the first round of the elections. The conflict on procedures for results tabulation and announcement placed the NEC in a difficult position that was resolved after interventions by the African leaders who were present in the country.
Election observer mission to Sierra Leone
An EISA EOM, led by Dr Goodluck Jonathan, former Nigerian president, was deployed was deployed from 26 February to 11 March to the elections in Sierra Leone held on 7 March 2018.
See also Sierra Leone: Observation reports and statements.
EISA deployed election observation missions to the snap elections held on 3 June 2017 in Lesotho, led by former President of Zambia Rupiah Banda, and to the first round of the general elections in Liberia, held on 10 October 2017, led by former Prime Minister of Senegal Dr Aminata Touré. An EISA technical assessment mission (TAM) followed to assess the run-off presidential election held on 26 December 2017 in Liberia.
Liberia preliminary statement: 10 October 2017 Presidential and Representatives Elections.
Lesotho National Assembly Elections 3 June 2017.
Pre-election and needs assessment missions
The EPP department co-ordinated the deployment of Pre-Election Assessment Missions to Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and The Gambia. An EISA Needs Assessment Mission (NAM) was deployed to Mali.
Technical Assessment Mission to Liberian Presidential runoff
EISA deployed a Technical Assessment Mission (TAM) to the Liberian presidential run-off elections, held on 26 December 2017. The mission was comprised of three STO's that were a part of the EISA EOMs deployed in the first round. Through direct engagement with electoral stakeholders and the observation of Election Day proceedings the team was able to provide findings and recommendations that will assist the EISA EOMs in finalising its final report.
The TAM noted that the protracted legal cases following the announcement of results of the first round as well as the fact that Election Day occurred during the holiday season, could have impacted on voter turnout that was significantly lower. Voter turnout decreased by 19.4% in comparison to the turnout in the first round. The credibility of the voter's roll was the main source of contention and this impacted negatively on the NEC's overall credibility.
Pre-election assessment conducted in Sierra Leone
An EISA PAM was deployed to Sierra Leone from 19 to 24 November 2017. Findings of the PAM (see Pre-Election Assessment Report, 19-24 Nov 2017) informed the deployment of an EISA Election Observation Mission (EOM) and contributes to its technical support to other International EOin Sierra Leone. Furthermore, the pre-election assessment will contribute to increasing EISA's knowledge on the electoral process in Sierra Leone and strengthen the election assessment capacity of the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
EISA EOMs deployed to Liberia
As part of its contribution to the conduct of credible electoral processes through recommendations for future reforms, EISA deployed an EOM to the 10 October 2017 presidential and representatives' elections in Liberia. The mission was comprised of 14 experienced observers representing civil society and election management bodies from 12 African countries. It was led by Dr Aminata Touré, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Senegal, who was supported by Denis Kadima as the Deputy Mission Leader. Due to budgetary constraints EISA's methodology was limited to short term observation.
Drawing on lessons learnt from the recent events in Kenya and the Supreme Court's annulment of the elections, the preliminary statements of international election observation missions were worded very carefully leaving no room for interpretation.
Despite the satisfactory assessment of the 10 October election in Liberia, On November 1 2017, the Liberian Supreme Court halted the runoff election until a petition by the candidate who came in at third place (receiving 9.6% of the vote) in the first round was fully addressed. EISA was set to deploy a Technical Assessment Mission comprised of four experts to observe the runoff election, the mission has been put it on hold pending the Supreme Court's decision.
Preliminary Statement, 12 Oct 2017
Arrival Statement, 5 Oct 2017
Pre-Election Assessment Mission report, 11-15 Sep 2017
Pre-election assessment conducted in Liberia
An EISA PAM was deployed to Liberia from 11 to 15 September 2017 (see Report. The PAM provided requisite background information to the EISA Election Observation Mission (EOM) and other International EOthat were supported by EISA in Liberia. EISA experts attached to the AUEOM were in a better position to make technical inputs to the AUEOM's preliminary assessment of the election, drawing on the findings of the EISA PAMs.
EOM to Lesotho deployed
An EISA EOMs was deployed to the 3 June 2017 elections in Lesotho (Report). The mission was comprised of 19 short term observers drawn from civil society organisations and electoral commissions from eleven African countries and led by Rupiah Banda, former President of Zambia, who assisted by Denis Kadima as the Deputy Mission Leader. The mission presented its preliminary findings, conclusions and recommendations at a joint press conference held in Maseru on 5 June 2017. The EOM noted the prevailing disagreements between former coalition members and the fragile security situation which arose as a result of the politicisation of national security forces remains a source of concern for future stability in the country.
The deployment of its EOM in Lesotho enabled EISA to further contribute to the improvement of the electoral process in these countries through recommendations for future constitutional, legal and institutional reforms.
Mar-Jun2017
Four EISA PAMs were deployed namely to: Lesotho (26-30 Mar 2017; Report), Senegal (5-9 June 2017) and Rwanda and Kenya (simultaneously from 26 to 30 June 2017). Findings of the EISA PAMs continue to contribute to its support to the AU and RECs in their assessment of elections.
Pre-election assessment mission conducted in The Gambia
EISA deployed a pre-election assessment mission (PAM) to The Gambia from 19-25 February 2017. The outcome of EISA's pre-election assessment in the Gambia will provide critical knowledge and technical insights to the AUEOM, considering that the continental body did not dispatch a fully-fledged mission during the 2016 presidential election in the Gambia.
Continental observation missions were deployed to:
South Africa report: Local government elections 3 Aug 2016.
Uganda report: Presidential and parliamentary elections 18 Feb 2016.
Zambia preliminary statement: 11 August 2016 General Elections and Referendum, 13 August 2016.
Pre-election assessments in Gabon and Ghana conducted
Jul & Sep 2016
EISA deployed a PAM to Cape Verde (22-26 Feb 2016; Report), Gabon (16-23 July 2016; Report) and Ghana (26-30 September 2016; Report). EISA PAMs continue to be a valuable reference resource of context specific information and technical analysis for EISA technical teams deployed to support the AU and RECs. These reports are also a source of relevant knowledge and technical insights to other international observer missions. Based on their context specific knowledge, EISA teams have been requested to prepare technical briefing notes for the leadership of the Department of Political Affairs of the AU for informed decision-making.
Pre-election assessments (PAMs) and Needs Assessment Mission (NAM) conducted
EISA PAMs were deployed in Equatorial Guinea and São Tomé and Prìncipe and a NAM in Nigeria. EISA PAMs continue to be a valuable reference resource of context specific information and technical analysis for EISA technical teams deployed to support the AU and RECs as well as being a source of relevant knowledge and technical insights to other international observer missions. Based on their context specific knowledge, EISA teams have been requested to prepare technical briefing notes for the leadership of the Department of Political Affairs of the AU for informed decision-making.
EISA EOMs deployed to South Africa
EISA deployed its sixth EOM to South Africa for the country's 3 August 2016 municipal elections (Report).
In South Africa, the deployment of an EISA EOMs was the sixth in a series of EISA EOMs since the 1999 National Assembly and provincial Elections. The EISA EOMs was the only international EOM hurriedly deployed to the elections after securing last minute funding from USAID. It was led by Denis Kadima, Executive Director, it comprised of 14 short term observers drawn from Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) from Southern Africa given the short timeline which did not allow to observers from beyond the sub-region to apply for the South African visa. The Mission presented its preliminary findings, conclusions and recommendations at a press conference in Pretoria on 4 August 2016 on the basis of observations during the special voting that was conducted on 1 and 2 August 2016 and on Election Day.
EOM to the general elections in Uganda
The deployment of the EISA EOM to Uganda was the second in a series of EISA election assessment initiatives in the country (Report). During the 2011 general elections, EISA deployed a technical assessment mission to document and assess the process. The EOM to the 2016 elections was comprised of 42 observers including 12 long term observers. The EOM was led by His Excellency Rupiah Banda, former President of Zambia.
EISA EOM deployed to Zambia
The EISA EOMs deployed to the 11 August 2016 general elections in Zambia was the fifth in a series of EISA EOMs deployed since the 2006 tripartite elections. The mission was composed of 10 short term observers drawn from civil society organisations and electoral commissions across the African continent. It was led by Cassam Uteem, former President of Mauritius, who was assisted by Denis Kadima as the Deputy Head of Mission.
In its preliminary statement (see 2016 Zambian general elections and referendum: EISA EOM statements), the Mission presented its preliminary findings, conclusions and recommendations at a press conference in Lusaka on 13 August 2016 on the basis of observations made on Election Day. The EOM noted the competitiveness of the elections and the challenges associated with conducting a referendum alongside general elections.
EISA EOMs provided the Institute and civil society representatives an opportunity to further improve on the use of technology in election observation. The deployment of its EOin South Africa and Zambia enabled EISA to further contribute to the improvement of the electoral process in these countries through recommendations for future legal and electoral reforms.
The EPP department co-ordinated the deployment of ten PAMs and three EISA EOMs. The EOMs contributed to peer learning and dissemination of international good practices by providing opportunities for exchanges among its observers, who were drawn from civil society organisations and election management bodies across the continent. They also drew up a set of recommendations aimed at enhancing the electoral process through reforms.
The three EOMs deployed were:
Egypt report: Parliamentary Elections 17 October - 2 December 2015.
Lesotho preliminary statement: 28 February 2015 Legislative Elections in Lesotho, 2 March 2015.
Zambia report: Presidential by-election 20 January 2015.
EOM technology and the Popola system
EPP contributed to further development and refinement of EISA's election observation methodology. In this regard, EPP worked with the EISA's information technology team to finalise the development of EISA's election data management system called Popola system. The system, which was piloted in the final quarter of the year, has further strengthened EISA's election observation methodology by providing a platform for the timely creation of observer checklists, data collection and analysis for more factual reporting. The system has also proved to be user-friendly and cost-effective as all EISA EOM staff are able to collate data and are not entirely reliant on IT consultants.
Pre-election assessments (PAMs) conducted
Mar-Dec 2015
EISA deployed PAMs to Burundi (22-26 Mar; Report), Chad (30 Mar - 4 Apr 2015; Report), Namibia (Apr; Electronic Voting Report), Burkina Faso (31 Aug - 5 Sep; Report), Uganda (Nov; Report) Niger (6-11 Dec; Report). PAMs were also sent to Benin, Egypt, Guinea Conakry, Sudan, Tanzania and Togo, Central African Republic, Comoros, Côte d'Ivoire, Seychelles and the Republic of Congo.
The missions to Burkina Faso, Togo and Benin had a twin objectives of a PAM and a Needs Assessment Mission (NAM) where EISA also took the opportunity to identify potential areas of work based on identified prospects where EISA has not had any direct engagements with national electoral and political processes. Outcomes of the assessments will inform EISA EOMs and EISA's advisory and technical support to AUEOMs and EOMs of RECs at the time of their deployment.
EISA PAMs Pre-election assessments conducted continue to be a crucial source of technical analysis and context specific information for EISA technical teams deployed to support the AU and RECs. Furthermore, these reports are useful to other international observer missions. Based on the context specific knowledge of EISA teams, they have been requested to prepare technical briefing notes for the leadership of the Department of Political Affairs for informed decision-making. These services, which often go beyond the remit of the "officially" recognised roles attributed to EISA, continue to demonstrate the unique place that the Institute occupies continent-wide.
EOM to the parliamentary elections in Egypt
The deployment of EISA EOM to the 2015 parliamentary elections in Egypt was the sixth in a series of EISA election assessment initiatives in Egypt (see Egypt: Election witnessing reports and statements). Though EISA did not deploy a mission to the 2014 presidential elections, its decision to deploy an EOM to the parliamentary elections was informed by considerations that parliamentary elections will provide a platform for wider competition as opposed to the 2014 presidential "one-horse race".
The mission comprised ten long-term observers and 24 short term observers drawn from civil society organisations and electoral commissions across the African continent. During the first phase of the elections, the EOM was led by Sheikh Abdul Karimo Sau, the Chairperson of National Electoral Commission of Mozambique. Cassam Uteem, former President of the Republic of Mauritius led the second phase of the EOM.
Marked by a low turnout, the EISA EOM in its Final Report noted that this as unusual in young democracies and called on all the role-players in Egypt to reflect, analyse and address the underlying causes of the low voter turnout the legitimacy of the electoral outcome and that of future elections. The EOM also noted the fact that the elections took place within a deeply divided context characterised by widespread arrests and intimidation, it therefore highlighted the need for national reconciliation.
EOM to the parliamentary elections in Lesotho
The EISA EOM deployed to the parliamentary elections held on 28 February 2015 in Lesotho was the third since the 1998 National Assembly elections (see Lesotho: Election observation reports and statements). The EOM, which comprised 18 shortterm observers, was led by Advocate Pansy Tlakula, Commissioner of the African Commission on Human and People's Rights (ACHPR) and former chairperson of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) of South Africa.
The EISA EOM (see Preliminary Statement, 2 March 2015) noted that the factors that fuelled the political crisis that necessitated the snap elections needed to be adequately addressed through political dialogue and constitutional reforms and made a series of recommendations. While the recommendations are yet to be implemented, it is important to note that political dialogue facilitated by SADC has continued in the country. The case of Lesotho highlights the importance of a holistic approach to democratic governance because the crisis in the country requires political reforms that extend beyond elections.
EOM to the presidential by-election in Zambia
The EISA EOM to the presidential by-election in Zambia held on 20 January 2015 was the fourth in a series of EISA EOMs to Zambia since the 2006 tripartite elections (see Zambia: Election observation reports and statements. The short-term EOM was led by Cassam Uteem, former president of Mauritius. It comprised 14 observers who were deployed in teams to five provinces.
In its Final Report the mission made several recommendations, among them the need to introduce the joint election of the president and vice-president as running mates on a single ticket; a revision of the electoral system to introduce a requirement that the president be elected by an absolute majority; an extension of the period between the announcement of results and the presidential inauguration to allow for the resolution of electoral complaints and appeals before the inauguration. The key outcome of the deployment of this mission was the legal and constitutional reforms initiated after the elections that led to the implementation of these recommendations.
The EPP team co-ordinated the deployment of EISA's continental election observer missions (EOMs) to:
Egypt preliminary statement: Constitutional Referendum in the Arab Republic of Egypt, 17 January 2014.
Mozambique report: Presidential, legislative and provincial assembly elections 15 October 2014 (Portuguese).
South Africa preliminary statement: 2014 South African National and Provincial Elections.
Through these observer missions, EISA contributed to the transparency and integrity of the electoral processes. The EISA EOMs also served as platforms for peer learning among civil society groups and Election Management Bodies drawn from across the continent. The use of computer tablets enabled the EOto collect and analyse data in a more efficient and timely manner. The recommendations made by these EOMs contributed to amendments to electoral legislation.
A technical assessment mission was also sent to Tunisia's legislative elections of 26 October 2014.
EISA Pre-election Assessment Missions (PAMs) deployed
EISA deployed PAMs to Guinea-Bissau (Mar; Report), Malawi (May 2014; Report), Mozambique (11-15 Aug 2014; Report), Namibia (0-14 Nov; Report), Mauritius (23-29 Nov; Report), Zambia (1-5 Dec 2014; Report) and Lesotho (8-12 Dec 2014; Report). Outcomes of the assessments will inform EISA EOMs and EISA's advisory and technical support to AUEOMs and EOMs of RECs at the time of their deployment.
EOM to Egyptian referendum
The EISA EOMs to the 2014 Egyptian constitutional referendum was the fifth in a series of EISA election assessment initiatives in Egypt. EISA deployed an EOM to the 2011-2012 parliamentary elections, the 2012 presidential elections and the 2012 referendum in Egypt. A team of seven long term observers (LTOs) and 10 short term witnesses (STWs) were deployed to seven governorates across the country on voting days. The EISA EOMs was led by Cassam Uteem, former President of Mauritius.
In its Preliminary Statement on the referendum, the EISA EOMs noted that the referendum took place within the context of restricted individual rights and freedoms. It therefore called on the interim government to undertake re conciliatory initiatives ahead of the presidential elections.
Mozambique elections seminar: State of play
EPP conducted a seminar on 25 September 2014 at EISAs head office in Johannesburg to analyse the state of play in the 15 October 2014 general elections in Mozambique. Participants for the seminar were drawn from the academia, media, civil society organisations, and the diplomatic corps. The seminar was led by EISA-Mozambique Country Director Miguel de Brito and was conducted under the "Chattam House rules".
Some of the questions framing the current thinking and debate around the electoral process and the future of democracy in Mozambique resulting from those anxieties and uncertainties were considered, including inter alia the stability of the Government-RENAMO political-military arrangements, opposition acceptance of the outcome, the impact of the rise of the MDM on RENAMO, the efficacy and efficiency of a politicised Independent Electoral Commission as well as the possibilities of a presidential runoff and a hung Parliament.
Seminar background and focus areas
EISA/TCC Mission to Mozambique deployed
EISA deployed an Integrated Election Observation Mission in partnership with The Carter Center (TCC) to the 15 October 2014 Presidential, Legislative and Provincial Assembly elections in Mozambique (Report).
The Mission comprised a team of 23 EISA long-term, who were later joined by a contingent of 64 Short Term Observers (STOs) drawn from EISA and TCC, to constitute a fully-fledged mission comprising 87 observers drawn from over 40 countries worldwide. Within the framework of the integrated EOM, both organisations adopted the same methodology and issued separate final assessments of the elections. The EISA EOMs was led by the Right Honourable Raila Odinga, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Kenya and the TCC EOM was led by Professor John Stremlau, Vice President of Peace Programmes at The Carter Center. The Integrated EOM received extensive coverage in local and international media. The recommendations made by the EOM provided the basis for post-election reviews and on-going discussions on electoral reforms.
In 2013 EISA deployed an Election Observation Mission (EOM) to Madagascar (Report: Premier tour de l'élection présidentielle 25 octobre 2013 et second tour de l'élection présidentielle et des élections législatives 20 décembre 2013)
EISA further deployed a three-member Technical Assessment Missions to the 4 March 2013 general elections in Kenya and the first round presidential election in Mali held on 28 July 2013. In Kenya, the EISA team was in the country from 25 February to 7 March 2013 consulting with stakeholders and observing election day processes. In Mali, the EISA team was in the country from 22 to 30 July 2013 conducting similar activities. These missions provide useful pre-election background information that is shared with the AU missions as well as the broader public through our website.
Kenya's general elections of 4 March 2013.
Mali's first round presidential election held on 28 July 2013.
Mozambique report: Municipal Elections 20 November 2013 (Portuguese).
Pre-election Assessment Missions
As part of its election documentation initiatives, EISA introduced the conduct of Pre-election Assessment Missions (PAMs) in 2012. EISA continued to draw from this best practice by deploying PAMs in 2013 to the following six countries: Cameroon, Kenya, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea Conakry, Tunisia and Rwanda. These reports serve as a valuable resource for EISA's technical support to EOMs deployed by the AU and RECs. They also contribute to EISA's knowledge-generation initiatives.
Election Observation Mission to Madagascar
Fully-fledged EISA EOMs were deployed to the 25 October 2013 presidential election and the 20 December 2013 parliamentary and run-off presidential elections in Madagascar (Combined Report). These missions were led by Cassam Uteem, former President of the Republic of Mauritius and Denis Kadima, EISA Executive Director as the deputy mission leader. The EOM to the 20 December elections was deployed in partnership with The Carter Center as an Integrated Election Observation Mission (IEOM).
Within the framework of the integrated mission, EISA deployed short term observers and TCC deployed medium term observers. Both organisations retained their identities and adopted a harmonised election observation methodology. The harmonised methodology included a joint orientation of observers, joint leadership meetings, deployment of observers and use of the same observer checklists. Both organisations released separate assessments of the elections. The TCC mission was led by Professor John Stremlau, Vice President of the Peace Programme at TCC.
The deployment of an IEOM to Madagascar was the second of the kind following the deployment of integrated EISA and TCC observer missions in Liberia in 2011. With a joint mission approach EISA was able to extend its observation covering a wider outreach and to share the lessons learned. The EISA mission attracted wide media coverage.
Technical assessment mission to the Mozambique local elections
While it is not standard practice for EISA to observe municipal or local elections, at the request of donors and national stakeholders in Mozambique, EISA deployed a six member technical assessment mission to the 20 November 2013 municipal elections to these elections. During 12 days of observation, the EISA Technical Team consulted stakeholders and observed the final stages of the campaigns and election day in seven municipalities in northern, central and southern Mozambique: Moçimboa da Praia, Pemba, Nacala, Ilha de Moçambique, Quelimane, Beira and Maputo City. One team member observed the postponed election in Nampula on 1 December 2013. The deployment of this mission set the ground for deployment of an EISA EOMs to the national and provincial elections that will take place in 2014.
In 2012 EISA deployed Election Observation Missions (EOMs) to:
Egypt reports:
The People's Assembly and Shura Council Elections, November 2011-February 2012 (Arabic).
Egypt 23-24 May 2012, first round of Presidential election 16-17 June 2012, run-off Presidential election.
Lesotho report: Parliamentary Elections 26 May 2012.
Ghana preliminary statement: 7th December 2012 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections.
EISA Technical Assessment Missions were deployed to:
Senegal rapport: Elections legistatives du 1er Juillet 2012 en Republique du Senegal.
Egypt preliminary statement: The 2012 Constitutional Referendum in the Arab Republic of Egypt, 24 Dec 2012 (Arabic).
To further improve on the use of the tablets for observation, the EPP department worked with the EISA Information Communications and Technology team to develop a standardised template for observer checklists to ensure that standardised data is generated from each election to enable EISA to present comparative data on elections on the continent over a period of time. The use of the tablets improved the efficiency and co-ordination of the Missions which were able to release a preliminary assessment of these elections ahead of other international observer Missions.
In its efforts to contribute to the overall assessment of electoral processes and to improve the support provided to its partners, EISA introduced the conduct of Pre-Election Assessment Missions (PAMs) to countries where it either deploys a Mission or provides technical assistance to its partners. These Missions were deployed to Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso and Ghana and provided these Missions provided an opportunity to assess the level of preparedness for the elections and to make preliminary arrangements for the deployment of a Mission. The reports of the PAM provided relevant preliminary information for the work of the EISA Missions and Technical Support Teams later deployed in the country. The reports were also shared with relevant partners.
Egypt legislative and presidential elections
EISA's work in Egypt started with the deployment of a long and short term observation mission to the Shura Council (Report) and to the People's Assembly (Report) elections. The first quarter of the year was dedicated to the completion of this Mission which ended in February.
EISA deployed 33 long and short term observers to the first and second round Egyptian Presidential elections from May to June 2012, led by Cassam Uteem, former President of Mauritius. It received extensive media coverage with the Mission Leader, the Deputy Mission Leader, Denis Kadima and other senior EISA staff giving radio and television interviews to local and international media. The Mission Leader also met high level officials and other Heads of Observer Mission. A more detailed report is contained in the Egypt Field Office report.
EISA deployed a Technical Assessment Mission to witness the constitutional referendum that took place on 15 and 22 December 2012 in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The Mission was led by Ilona Tip, EISA's Operations Director. It is important to mention that the Mission was deployed within a context of political tensions and uncertainty characterised by sporadic public protests that turned out violent in some cases. Within this context, the short notice for the referendum and the challenges experienced with the accreditation of observers, EISA deployed a Technical Assessment Mission instead of a fully-fledged observer mission. The decision to deploy a Mission amidst the controversies and uncertainties surrounding the referendum was based on EISA's commitment to the development of Egypt's electoral democracy and the need to build on its documentation of the transition process.
Lesotho's National Assembly elections
An EISA observer mission led by Rupiah Banda, former President of the Republic of Zambia was deployed to the 26 May 2012 National Assembly elections in Lesotho (Report). The Mission hosted Electoral Commissioners from the East African Community (EAC) under the framework of the Memorandum of Understanding between EISA and the EAC.
The EISA mission played a significant role in facilitating the adoption and release of a joint appeal by 4 international election observer missions that were present in Lesotho, namely, those of the AU, the SADC, the Commonwealth, and EISA.
Ghanaian Presidential and Parliamentary elections
EISA deployed an EOM to the 7 December 2012 Presidential and Parliamentary elections in Ghana. The mission was led by Ahmed Issack Hassan, Chairperson of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission of Kenya., The involvement of the Chair of the Kenyan EMB along with two of the Commissioners from the Kenyan Commission in the Ghanaian elections provided a lesson learning opportunity for the Kenyans as they were preparing to adopt the use of similar technology for the verification and identification of voters in the 2013 elections in Kenya.
Senegalese presidential elections and the parliamentary elections
EISA deployed Technical Assessment Missions to the two phases of the historic presidential elections (Report) and the parliamentary elections in Senegal. The successive missions were led by Vincent Tohbi, EISA's Programmes Director.
During 2011 EPP coordinated the deployment of continental election observer missions (EOMs) to:
Central African Republic rapport: Elections Présidentielles et Législatives, 23 Janvier et 27 Mars 2011.
Egypt report: The People's Assembly and Shura Council Elections, November 2011-February 2012 (Arabic).
Zambia report: Zambia Presidential, Parliamentary and Local Government elections 20 September 2011.
Technical evaluation missions were sent to:
Liberia report: The 23 August 2011 Referendum; the 11 October 2011 Presidential, Senate and House of Representatives Elections; the 8 November 2011 Presidential run-off Election.
Seychelles report: The 2011 Seychelles Presidential elections 19-21 May 2011.
Uganda report: The Ugandan Presidential and Parliamentary Elections of 18 February 2011.
These missions provided an opportunity for EISA to contribute to the transparency and integrity of the electoral processes as well as serve as avenues for peer learning. The latter was particularly crucial for long and short-term observers drawn from Tunisia who were able to acquire knowledge and skills in election observation through participating in EISA's observer mission to the Egyptian parliamentary elections which started in November 2011.
The EISA EOMs to Zambia was an important learning experience for EISA as a whole, as the institute piloted the use of computer tablets in election observation. Twelve observers were deployed in teams of two and each team was equipped with a computer tablet for the purpose of collection and transmission of election day observations. Using the Open Data Kit (ODK) software, the observer checklists were uploaded on the tablets and observers were able to fill out the forms electronically using thehard copy of the checklists as back up.
At the end of the mission, the tablets were returned to the headquarters and the data was retrieved for collation and analysis. This mission was, however, the pilot phase. During the EOM to Liberia, EISA further improved the ODK system.
EISA deployed a technical assessment team to the August 2011 referendum in Liberia. Thereafter, EISA deployed an integrated EOM with The Carter Centre to the two rounds of the presidential elections in October and November 2011. EISA shared technology and methodology with The Carter Centre using the ODK software on android phones. The integrated EISA/TCC missions enabled observers to have better coverage of the country and, using the ODK system, observations were transmitted in real time to the mission headquarters which in turn meant that both missions could release their findings almost immediately at the close of polling.
As part of its initiatives to establish its work in the North African region, EISA deployed a long term mission to the People's Assembly and Shura Council elections that began in November 2011. EISA also established a short term office in Egypt to coordinate the activities of the mission and establish EISA's presence in the country. The mission consisted of long term observers and short term observers during each phase of the elections. The Egyptian elections opened up opportunities for EISA to forge partnerships in the North African region.
EISA gained established contacts with the National Constituent Assembly (transitional) and CSOs in Tunisia. These CSOs were invited to participate in the EISA missions to Zambia and Egypt as part of EISA's peer learning initiatives in its missions.
The department coordinated the deployment of EISA continental election observer and technical missions to:
Guinea rapport: de l'élection présidentielle du 27 juin et pour le deuxième tour du 07 novembre 2010.
Mauritius technical assessment team report: National Assembly Elections 5 May 201.
Zanzibar report: Presidential, House of Representatives and Local Government Elections of 31 October 2010.
These missions were a combination of technical support to domestic observer groups in the host countries as well as the deployment of EISA continental election observer missions. The missions provided an opportunity for EISA to collect information on the conduct of the electoral processes in the three countries and to contribute to peer learning and support.
EISA staff also served in Carter Centre observer missions to the National Elections in Sudan which were held over six days from 11 to 16 April 2010, as well as the Carter Centre Mission to the National and Local Elections in the Philippines in May 2010.
These missions provided opportunities for the two partner organisations to share their experiences in election observation management and deployment.
The main purpose of the EISA 's team to the Philippines election was to assess the automated voting technology which was used for the first time in these elections. EISA used this opportunity to include a study tour with the aim of enhancing EISA's expertise in the area of automated election systems, an important aspect of EISA's work with Election Management Bodies and other key electoral stakeholders on the continent, as well as the enhancement of its internal capacity through the use of automated voting in its Balloting and Electoral Services unit.
In 2009, the department coordinated the deployment of election observer and technical assessment missions to:
Botswana report: Botswana Parliamentary and Local Government Elections 16 October 2009.
Malawi report: Malawi Presidential and Parliamentary Elections 19 May 2009.
Mozambique report: Presidential, Parliamentary and Provincial Elections of 28 October 2009.
Namibia report: Presidential and National Assembly Elections 27 and 28 November 2009.
South Africa report: National and Provincial Elections 22 April 2009.
These missions provided an opportunity for EISA to collect information on the conduct of the electoral processes and to contribute to peer learning and support. These missions were a mixture of technical support to domestic observer groups in the host countries as well as the deployment of partially or fully-fledged EISA election observer missions. In total, 71 observers were deployed in the five observer missions, coming from Angola, Burundi, Cape Verde, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, DRC, Ethiopia, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan and Tanzania. Observers from EISA's partner organisations in Belgium, Sweden and Thailand joined some of the EISA missions for peer learning purpose.
EISA observers also served in The Carter Center (TCC) observation missions (TCC):
TCC EOM to observe the voter registration process in Côte d'Ivoire; and
TCC EOM observation mission to the Sudanese elections.
In 2008, the department coordinated the deployment of election observer missions to:
Angola launch statement: EISA Technical Assessment Team to the Angola 2008 National Assembly Elections.
Ghana interim statement: 2008 Ghana Presidential and Parliamentary Elections.
Swaziland report: Swaziland House of Assemble Election 19 September 2008.
Zambia report: Zambia Presidential By-Election 30 October 2008.
Zimbabwe report: Harmonised Elections of 29 March 2008 Presidential, Parliamentary and Local Government Elections with Postscript on the Presidential Run-off of 27 June 2008 and the Multi-Party Agreement of 15 September 2008.
These missions provided an opportunity for EISA to make an assessment of the conduct of electoral processes in the five countries, document these elections and also contribute to peer learning and support. These missions were a mixture of technical support to domestic observer groups in the host countries as well as the deployment of fully-fledged EISA election observer missions.
In 2007 EPP coordinated the deployment of election observer missions to Lesotho and Madagascar, which provided an opportunity for EISA to collect information on the conduct of the electoral processes in the two countries and also to contribute to peer learning and support.
Given the charged pre-election environment in Lesotho, EISA approached Sir Ketumile Masire, EISA's patron and former President of Botswana, to lead the mission. Sir Masire was subsequently appointed by SADC to mediate between the Basotho parties to resolve the post-election crisis in the Kingdom.
Lesotho report: National Assembly Elections, 17 February 2007.
Madagascar rapport: National Assembly Elections 23 September 2007.
In 2006 EPP coordinated the deployment of election observer missions to:
DRC report/rapport: Presidential, Parliamentary and Provincial Elections/Elections Presidentielles, Parlementaires et Provinciales 29 October 2006.
Madagascar report: Presidential Elections 3 December 2006.
Zambia report: Presidential, Parliamentary and Local Government Elections 28 September 2006.
One of the primary activities of the EPP department was the coordination of regional observation missions to three elections and one constitutional referendum. The size of the missions deployed in 2005 ranged from nine observers in Zanzibar to 24 on the Tanzanian mainland. The organisational efficiency and the systematic and professional use of Principles for Election Management, Monitoring and Observation in the SADC Region (PEMMO) in assessing the elections led to very successful observer missions. The high media profile is a tribute to the success of these missions.
EPP is pleased to note that public awareness around the principles is starting to pay off. The amount of press coverage EISA received attests to the fact that PEMMO has enjoyed a high media profile in the last two years. The level of awareness of in the region has clearly been enhanced. PEMMO has become a core reference document in election management, monitoring and observation in the region.
DRC rapport: Referendum 18-19 December 2005 - RDC: Référendum 18-19 décembre 2005.
Mauritius report: National Assembly Elections 3 July 2005.
Tanzania report: Presidential National Assembly and Local Government Elections 14 December 2005.
Zanzibar report: Presidential, House of Representatives and Local Government Elections 30 October 2005.
One of the milestones of the EPP department has been in the area of election observation. EPP coordinated the fielding of five EISA regional election observation missions. The quality of EISA election observation has improved, in terms of organisation and logistical arrangement as well as methodology and professional outlook. The average size of the mission deployed in 2004 was 32 members; the smallest delegation was to Botswana with 22 members and the largest was to South Africa, with 40 observers.
Apart from organisational efficiency, EISA missions were qualitatively boosted by two additional factors: on the one hand, EISA missions witnessed a methodological improvement as a result of the systematic use of Principles for Election Management, Monitoring and Observation in the SADC Region (PEMMO) in assessing electoral processes; and, on the other hand, the visibility of EISA missions was enhanced by the prominence of their leadership. High-profile personalities, such as Sir Ketumile Masire (former President of Botswana), Nthloi Motsamai (Speaker of the National Assembly of Lesotho) and Dr Brigalia Bam (Chairperson of the South Africa IEC) led the missions to Malawi , Botswana and Mozambique) respectively. An observation mission was also deployed to Namibia.
Botswana report: Parliamentary and Local Government Elections 30 October 2004.
South Africa report: National and Provincial Elections 12-14 April 2004.
Malawi report: Parliamentary and Presidential Elections 20 May 2004.
Mozambique: Parliamentary and Presidential Elections 1-2 December 2004.
Namibia report: Presidential and National Assembly Elections 15-16 November 2004.
A fact finding mission was deployed to the Swaziland general election that sought to observe the election and the environment within which it took place. The seven member mission comprised of two members of the Zimbabwe Electoral Support Network and five EISA staff members.
In 2006 EPP coordinated the deployment of an election observer missions to Zimbabwe (Report Presidential Election 9-11 March, 2002 [hard copy available for order]).
In 2006 EPP coordinated the deployment of an election observer missions to tanzania, which produced two reports:
Tanzania 2001 Elections Observer Mission Report, 2001 [hard copy available for order].
Tanzania 2001 Gender Observer Mission Report, 2001 [hard copy available for order].
EPP coordinated the deployment of an election observer mission to:
Mauritius Election Observation Mission Report, 2000.
Zimbabwe 2000 National Assembby Elections Observer Mission Report, 2001 [hard copy available for order].
EPP coordinated the deployment of election observer missions to:
South African Elections Observer Mission Report, Denis Kadima, 1999 [hard copy available for order].
Botswana Elections Observer Mission Report, Denis Kadima, 1999 [hard copy available for order].
Namibia 1999 Elections Report, Tom Lodge, 1999 [hard copy available for order].
Mozambique 1999 Elections Observer Mission Report, Denis Kadima, 1999 [hard copy available for order].
Swaziland report: Elections in Swaziland, Stephen Rule, 1998 [hard copy available for order].
Lesotho report 1998 Lesotho Election, Stephen Rule, 1998 [hard copy available for order].
EISA's work
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text:
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="BlueprintCommands.cs" company="Slash Games">
//   Copyright (c) Slash Games. All rights reserved.
// </copyright>
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

namespace BlueprintEditor.Commands
{
    using System.Windows.Input;

    public static class BlueprintCommands
    {
        #region Static Fields

        /// <summary>
        ///   Command to add component to blueprint.
        /// </summary>
        public static ICommand AddComponentCommand = new RoutedCommand();

        /// <summary>
        ///   Command to remove component from blueprint.
        /// </summary>
        public static ICommand RemoveComponentCommand = new RoutedCommand();

        #endregion
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


iconFree UK delivery* on all orders over £50.
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*Excludes some Scottish, NI and offshore postcodes..
Harness support hook to be purchased in conjunction with the single harness for the Honda UMS425LE Brushcutter.
The single harness evenly distributes the weight of the machine, making operation a much easier process, allowing much more work to be completed. However the single harness can only be used with the UMS425LE brushcutter with this harness support hook.
This is a genuine Honda product, designed to provide reliability and durability.
Our local business, Anglia Mowers, Dealer Code ANG100, is a Honda Authorised Dealer, and as such will automatically carry out any recommended pre-delivery procedures to Honda's own standards and will electronically register your new machine with Honda UK too, which means that your warranty is both activated and validated giving you access to all the backup and support you will ever need. This level of after sales support is always available from a Honda Authorised Dealer, so don't be talked into accepting less.
We offer Free Express Delivery on many items to most of the UK mainland*. These items will be dispatched as soon as we possibly can and will usually arrive within 1-2 working days and in many cases on the next working day (stock permitting, if ordered before 12pm, Mon-Fri). Please note: Saturday & Sunday do not count as working days. Orders placed over the weekend will be processed on the following Monday (or Tuesday if a bank holiday). In some rare cases, your item might take longer than expected to arrive. If there is a delay in delivery, we will let you know via email.
Our Free Delivery service is usually 2-3 working days (if ordered Mon-Fri, stock permitting) to most of the UK mainland*. In many cases delivery is sooner than this and could arrive the next working day (see below for Start 'N' Go products). Saturday & Sunday do not count as working days. Orders placed over the weekend will be processed on the following Monday (or Tuesday if a bank holiday). Some products, such as some Stihl, Viking or Husqvarna items are 3 - 5 working days, please refer to the specific model for a more accurate delivery guide. In some rare cases, your item might take longer than expected to arrive. If there is a delay in delivery, we will let you know via email.
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Domain Name System. This translates the domain names (google.com, amazon.com, etc.) into internet protocol (IP) numbers.
Digital Subscriber Line. This is a method for moving data over your telephone line. This is what your internet service provider (ISP) uses for high-speed internet. Your Westell or other modem is what your phone line is connected to, and this is what gives you your high-speed internet.
Frequently Asked Questions. These are generally the questions that get asked most about a product, website or service. It is often referred to when you are searching for something that is not in the FAQ.
This is something that protects your computer from unwanted access (hackers) and can also prevent certain programs on your computer from accessing the internet.
File Transfer Protocol. It is a common way of moving funds from one website to another.
A means for providing access to the internet. A great example of a gateway is AOL.
Hyper Text Markup Language. Coding used to create websites.
Internet Message Access Protocol. This is gradually replacing POP messaging for use by email clients.
Internet Protocol Number – Occasionally called a dotted squad. You see this in several places. A great example of this is 135.113.245.3.
Internet Service Provider. This is who you are getting your internet from.
This is a network programming language. It was invented by Sun Microsystems.
Local Area Network. This is a computer network that is limited to an immediate area. Most companies use a LAN network so that all employees have access to all the information instead of several copies of important documents floating around.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. A standard for when one computer program needs to "talk" to another computer program about the kind of file being sent.
Mud, Object Oriented. One of several kinds of multi user, role playing environments.
Etiquette used on the internet. Being polite and considerate while emailing, messaging, posting, or other forms of communication on the internet.
Network Information Center. Any office that handles information for or in a network.
Portable Document Format. Adobe Acrobat has perfected these documents. They cannot be edited unless the user has a specific software program. This is a document that should look the same on every computer it is viewed on.
This sits between the client and the actual server. The client makes all its requests to the proxy server. The proxy server than makes the requests to the real server, and relays the information back. A go-between or middle man.
A website used to search the internet for information or websites. Google is one of the most popular search engines.
And these are only a few of the terms that are now easy to understand. If necessary, ask for clarification when in conversation with someone who knows their computer systems.