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EP1604513B1 - A system and method for storing and accessing multimedia messages - Google Patents
A system and method for storing and accessing multimedia messages Download PDF
EP1604513B1 EP20040721894 EP04721894A EP1604513B1 EP 1604513 B1 EP1604513 B1 EP 1604513B1 EP 20040721894 EP20040721894 EP 20040721894 EP 04721894 A EP04721894 A EP 04721894A EP 1604513 B1 EP1604513 B1 EP 1604513B1
intended receiver
EP20040721894
Rakesh Taori
Jos Den Hartog
René DE TORBAL
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
2003-03-19 Priority to US455813P priority
2004-03-19 Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
H04W4/12—Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
H04M3/50—Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers ; Centralised arrangements for recording messages
H04M3/53—Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages, i.e. mailbox systems
H04M3/5307—Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages, i.e. mailbox systems for recording messages comprising any combination of audio and non-audio components
H04M3/533—Voice mail systems
H04M3/53366—Message disposing or creating aspects
H04M3/537—Arrangements for indicating the presence of a recorded message, whereby the presence information might include a preview or summary of the message
H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers; Analogous equipment at exchanges
H04M1/72—Substation extension arrangements; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selecting
H04M1/725—Cordless telephones
H04M1/72519—Portable communication terminals with improved user interface to control a main telephone operation mode or to indicate the communication status
H04M1/72522—With means for supporting locally a plurality of applications to increase the functionality
H04M1/72547—With means for supporting locally a plurality of applications to increase the functionality with interactive input/output means for internally managing multimedia messages
H04M2201/00—Electronic components, circuits, software, systems or apparatus used in telephone systems
H04M2201/14—Delay circuits; Timers
H04M2203/00—Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
H04M2203/20—Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges related to features of supplementary services
H04M2203/2016—Call initiation by network rather than by subscriber
H04M2203/25—Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges related to user interface aspects of the telephonic communication service
H04M2203/251—Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges related to user interface aspects of the telephonic communication service where a voice mode or a visual mode can be used interchangeably
H04M2203/253—Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges related to user interface aspects of the telephonic communication service where a voice mode or a visual mode can be used interchangeably where a visual mode is used instead of a voice mode
H04M2203/45—Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges related to voicemail messaging
H04M2203/4509—Unified messaging with single point of access to voicemail and other mail or messaging systems
H04M2203/4536—Voicemail combined with text-based messaging
H04M2203/4554—Sender-side editing
H04M3/42382—Text-based messaging services in telephone networks such as PSTN/ISDN, e.g. User-to-User Signalling or Short Message Service for fixed networks
H04M3/436—Arrangements for screening incoming calls, i.e. evaluating the characteristics of a call before deciding whether to answer it
H04M3/53308—Message originator indirectly connected to the message centre, e.g. after detection of busy or absent state of a called party
H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
H04W88/18—Service support devices; Network management devices
H04W88/184—Messaging devices, e.g. message centre
A system and method is described for storing, controlling and accessing multimedia messages, like voice mail, email, video mail and short messages in a communications network, including the Internet or Intranet (202) and any other data or telephony network (206, 207). The communications network (202, 206, 207) comprises one or more storage facilities (201a, 201b, and 201c) for storing messages destined to be received by an intended receiver (209). A sender (208) of a message is provided control over the storage and access of the messages in the one or more storage facilities (201a, 201b, and 201c). The storage facilities (201a, 201b, 201c) may be directly assigned to the sender (208). The storage facilities (201a, 201b, 201c) may be distributed over the communications network (202, 206, 207) and dedicated to or optimized for a particular type of message.
Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to data and telephone communications and, in particular, to a multimedia messaging system, terminal, network node arrangement and method in a communications environment, such as the Internet, Intranet, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), an Integrated Services Digital 1 network (ISDN), a Public Land Mobile Network (PLM), or any other communications network (all types of network are hereinafter referred to as Network) that enables message transfer between a sender and at least one intended receiver of a message.
Description of Background Art
Voice mail is one of the most widely used telecommunications services. In a typical telecommunications network, such as the PSTN, switching functions are performed in an exchange that provides connections between particular subscribers and other parts of the telecommunications network. One of the features that are typically offered to such subscribers is personalized voice mail. Thus, instead of relying upon a home answering machine, a subscriber to the telecommunications network may subscribe to a voice mail service that is provided at a public exchange of the telecommunications network.
Usually, a call placed to an intended receiver's telephone that has a voice mail service will ring a number of times. If there is no answer within a specified number of rings, the public exchange will divert or forward the call to a voice mailbox in the voice mail system that is associated with the intended receiver's telephone. The caller then hears a greeting and is prompted to leave a message. If a message is received, the intended receiver's telephone or voice mailbox is updated to provide an indication that a voice mail message has been left.
When a message is to be retrieved, the intended receiver connects with the voice mail system over a conventional 1 telephone line via a telephone call, and plays the message back by using the keypad touch buttons of the telephone terminal producing signaling tones such as Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) tones to control the playback of the voice mail message, as well as other functions. In these systems access by the addressed subscriber is typically only through a telephone line connection, either fixed or mobile.
An alternative system wherein access to the messages is provided through other means like the Internet by using a browser, is described in US patent 6,233,318 .
Systems like the ones described above are built on the concept of an intended receiver having access to his own voice mail inbox (hereinafter called inbox) in which a sender of a message (hereinafter generally called sender) may leave one or more messages, such as voice mail messages, short messages, email messages and video mail (hereinafter generally called message or messages) or to which a sender may send a message.
These currently used inbox concepts have inherent problems, which all are based on the disadvantage that on the one hand, the sender has no control over messages, and on the other hand, the intended receiver has limited access possibilities to messages. For example, the intended receiver may only retrieve and delete messages.
More specifically, from the perspective of the sender, disadvantages are encountered with the inbox of the intended receiver. First of all, the inbox has storage limitations. This may lead to disadvantages like limited storage space for messages and even denial of service to the sender. Apart from the situation where an answering machine is installed at the intended receiver's home, the inbox systems are integrated in the operator's Network. Therefore, it is not possible (either for sender or the intended receiver) to control these limits. Previous senders may, for example, already have filled the intended receiver's inbox. If an inbox is full, subsequent messages, also those which may be regarded as important, are impossible to be added to the inbox.
A further disadvantage is identified when taking into account the way in which messages are recorded and the way they are controlled after recording. In a typical example, sender may want to leave a message after his call is being rerouted to the inbox of an intended receiver. In the prior art, sender simply leaves a message without means for verification and authorization, and without the possibility to add data which provide information about importance, urgency, classification etc. to a message. Again, the lack of control shows disadvantages from the perspective of the sender. It may occur, for example, that after sender has left a message, the message has become obsolete, for example because the sender and the intended receiver have already made contact through an alternative way. The sender is not able to delete the obsolete message from the inbox of the intended receiver and the intended receiver is only aware that the message is obsolete after already having listened to (parts of) the message. The same lack of control prevents a sender who has second thoughts about leaving a message after already having left a message, to withdraw the message.
Also disadvantages of conventional inbox systems occur for the intended receiver when retrieving messages from the inbox. Here the intended receiver must listen to all the stored messages sequentially. Usually, it is only the time/date stamp that is automatically inserted. Although it is possible to jump to the next message, after e.g. listening to the initial 1 part of the message, for instance, it is however, not possible to jump to a particular message from a particular sender. The intended receiver is not able to know the sender and the subject matter of the message beforehand so as to be able to select which messages to listen to and which to ignore. If the intended receiver has access to this information, he will be able to listen to messages regarded as more urgent first, rather than listening to other messages regarded as less important, which may result in his credit being consumed. In order to choose to respond to messages, the intended receiver may want to prioritize some messages first. Currently, this is only possible after listening through all of them and then going back to the start. There is no way of identifying more important messages in the queue.
Furthermore, according to the prior art, there is no standardized method for notification of the sender, that the message has been read, received or listened to (hereinafter read, listened or received is referred to as received).
From the perspective of the intended receiver additional 1 disadvantages with the current solutions occur, as the intended receiver has no control what messages are sent to his inbox. In this respect it is considered a problem that so called stalkers leave messages of obscure nature. Only by pre-defining blocked numbers or blocked types of messages the intended receiver is able to have some control over the received messages but only based on the identity of the sender. Currently, an intended receiver may only identify and skip these messages after listening to at least a part of the message.
A further example of disadvantages of current solutions is the aspect of high costs from a Network and the intended receiver point of view. This disadvantage especially emerges when the intended receiver makes a (possible long distance) call from one telephony network to another telephony network to find out if there are messages in his or her inbox. In this case a real-time connection (sometimes international) has to be set up, which requires the use of various resources to be reserved along the path, resulting into an expensive call. Even in the case that messages are sent, or calls are set up by the Network to notify the intended receiver of the presence of messages (hereinafter both methods of notifying the intended receiver are called alert), the intended receiver may well be out of the country, which also requires the use of resources to be used along the path, resulting in an expensive alert.
Storage space for these messages is possibly on the account of the intended receiver. As messages and especially multimedia messages are growing in size, available storage space may at some point in time become too small to receive additional incoming messages, which leads to denial of access. The intended receiver may solve this problem by acquiring additional storage space, but this may in turn lead to extra costs for the intended receiver. This may be regarded as unfair, because the sender, who is responsible for the size of the messages, bears no costs for the storage facilities of the intended receiver.
US 2002/0101964 Al discloses a voice message system in a communication network, wherein a sender can store a message for an intended receiver in a data storage device. At the end of the message the sender has message options like reviewing, deleting, re-recording, and/or sending the message. After termination of the call the message is no longer accessible to the sender.
It may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document: the terms "includes" and "comprise," as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation; the term "or," is inclusive, meaning and/or; the phrases "associated with" and "associated therewith," as well as derivatives thereof, may mean to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, or the like; and the term arrangement means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least one operation, such a device may be Implemented in hardware, firmware or software, or some combination of at least two of the same. It should be noted that the functionality associated with any particular arrangement may be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. In particular, an arrangement may comprise one or more data processors, and associated input/output devices and memory that execute one or more application programs and/or an operating system program. Definitions for certain words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior, as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.
Disclosure of the Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method that enables a sender, for example in the course of a telephone call, to store messages that are addressed to an intended receiver and to provide access to these messages without the sender being obstructed by the limitations of an inbox of the intended receiver.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a terminal and a network node arrangement for use in such a system and for performing such a method.
Further features and advantages are disclosed by embodiments of the system and the method according to the invention.
In a first aspect of the invention there is provided a multi media messaging system in a communications network, arranged for sending and receiving messages between at least one sender and at least one intended receiver, the system comprising:
at least one storage facility, arranged for storing at least one message, wherein the or each storage facility is assigned to the sender of a message,
a controlling arrangement, adapted for controlling storage of a message and for controlling access to a stored message;
an accessing arrangement, arranged for providing access to a stored message, and
an alerting arrangement, arranged for providing an intended receiver with an alert relating to the storage of a message,
characterized in that, the controlling arrangement is arranged for processing a stored message under control of the sender of the message after final storage thereof or completion of a call.
The invention is based on the novel and inventive insight that by providing to the sender of a message, control over the storage and access of a message for an intended receiver, the above mentioned drawbacks of prior art systems will be completely or at least partially alleviated. Because the sender keeps control over the storage of and access to a stored message, the sender may at all times process a stored message, for example by amending, enhancing, deleting, prioritizing etc. of the message. This contrary to the prior art of record disclosed above, which reveals no disclosure nor provides any suggestion of a system in accordance with the present invention.
The or each storage facility is assigned to the sender of a message. That is, the sender may be the owner or virtual 1 owner or may rent the storage facility. That is, the use of the storage facility will, for example, be at the expense of the sender. Such that the sender can decide whether or not to leave long messages or messages having a large data content, for example.
In an embodiment of the invention, the controlling arrangement comprises means for processing a stored message by a sender, this processing includes at least one of storing, accessing, reading, editing and removing a message stored under the control of the sender.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the alerting arrangement is arranged for controlling the alert by the sender of a message. That is, the sender may have also control over the alert which is provided to the intended receiver. Accordingly, the sender can decide, for example, at which moment in time the alert will be forwarded to the intended receiver, the content of the alert, priority of the alert, etc.
In a yet further embodiment of the invention, the alerting arrangement comprises means arranged for manipulating an alert, this manipulation including at least one of reading, editing and removing an alert under the control of the sender. With this embodiment a sender advantageously may amend an alert, for example in case a message gets priority or if a message for which a previous alert has been provided becomes obsolete, etc.
In a still further embodiment, the invention provides for the inclusion of additional information with a stored message or an alert. Said additional information may comprise one of the group including: a message identifier, at least one identification key for identifying at least one intended receiver, a telephone number, a URL, a message identifier, a subject, a personal identification number for access authorization and verification purposes, urgency of the message, validity or expiration time of the message, type of alert including a call attempt and a multimedia message, number of alerts, location of the storage facility of the message, key dates, message status and flags that will trigger transfer notifiers of status changes to the sender.
With this additional information, a strong tool is provided for processing messages both at the side of the sender and the intended receiver or receivers, for example for prioritizing, listing, presenting etc. of messages.
In order to keep track whether a message has been received or read by the intended receiver, in another embodiment thereof, the invention provides for notifying a sender of a stored message of changes in status of the message or an alert pertaining to a stored message, by providing means to this end at, or by properly arranging, the controlling and alerting arrangements, respectively. The status may comprises one of the group including "sent", "not read", "read", "expired", "reminded" and "settled".
The system according to the invention can be made fully compliant to present communication equipment and systems, by providing access to the controlling arrangement, the accessing arrangement and the alerting arrangement by means of an interface, including a graphical user interface, a voice control interface, an interactive voice response interface and a Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency interface.
For security and reliability reasons, in order to prevent messages being received an read by others than the intended receiver, in a further embodiment of the system according to the invention, the controlling arrangement comprises validating means, arranged for verification and authorization of a subscriber to the communications network attempting to access a stored message, for establishing whether the subscriber is the intended receiver of the message, before granting access to the message by the subscriber.
Preferably, the validating means are arranged for verification and authorization of the subscriber using the additional information.
To make the use of the system flexible and comprehensible to less experienced users, in another embodiment of the invention, the alerting arrangement is arranged for including in the alert information as how to access a stored message.
The or each storage facility of a sender may be distributed over the network, and storage facilities may be optimised for storage and processing of messages dependent on their type or nature, such as but not limited to separate storage facilities for voice mail messages, short messages, email messages and video mail. It will be appreciated that each storage facility may be located or connected to a particular network for providing the best performance and processing of a particular type of message. For example, a video mail storage connected to the Internet and a short message storage connected to a public land mobile network, such as a GSM (global system for telecommunications) network.
In order to provide an as flexible and optimally to use system as possible, in a yet further embodiment of the invention, the controlling and alerting arrangements are arranged for storing and accessing a message and controlling an alert, respectively, under control of the intended receiver of the message.
In such an embodiment, both the sender and the intended receiver may have equal control over and access to stored messages or alerts. However, in another embodiment, the invention provides that the extent of the control can be defined by the sender. That is, the accessing arrangement may be arranged for providing access to an intended receiver of a message under access conditions defined by the sender of the message.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is provided that the alert takes the shape of a form, for processing and displaying by a graphic user interface, this form comprising information of at one least message for the intended receiver. By having the graphic user interface arranged for duplex transfer of data, and wherein the form is an interactive form, a very easy to use message retrieval and alerting system can be realised, meeting the needs of present and future users.
The invention further provides a terminal for use in the system of the invention disclosed above, the terminal comprising control means arranged for interfacing with at least one of the controlling, alerting and accessing arrangements.
The invention also provides a network node arrangement for use in a communications network, the network node arrangement comprises a controlling arrangement, arranged for controlling storage of a message and for controlling access to a stored message; an accessing arrangement, arranged for providing access to a stored message, and an alerting arrangement, arranged for providing an intended receiver with an alert relating to the storage of a message for use in the system of the invention disclosed above.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the network node arrangement may comprise at least one storage facility, arranged for storing at least one message.
The inventions provides also a method of sending and receiving multi media messages in a communications network, between at least one sender and at least one intended receiver of a message, the method comprising the steps of:
assigning, to the sender of a message, of at least one storage facility arranged for storing at least one message,
storing, by the sender, of at least one message in the or each storage facility,
alerting at least one intended receiver by an alert relating to the storage of a message, and
providing access to a stored message,
characterized in that a stored message is processable under control of the sender of the message after final storage thereof or completion of a call.
In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the sender of a message may select a storage facility for storing a message which suits best the objectives and purposes of the sender.
Further embodiments of the method according to the invention are presented in the attached claims, and the advantages and particularities of these embodiments are illustrated above with reference to their system counterparts.
In the following section, the invention will be described by way of examples of its embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
fig. 1 shows a prior art message retrieval system as presently used, based on a Voicemail Inbox of the intended receiver;
fig. 2 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of the present invention using the Internet, the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN);
figs. 3a, 3b and 3c are flowcharts illustrating in detail an embodiment of the method of the invention;
figs. 4a, 4b and 4c show an example of Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) for use with the invention; and
fig. 5 shows a schematic overview of a multimedia messaging system according to the invention.
Detailed Description of Illustrative Embodiments
The numerous innovative teachings of the present invention will be described in detail with particular reference to the presently preferred exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that this class of embodiments provides only a few examples of the many advantageous uses of the innovative teachings herein. In general, statements made in the specification of the present invention do not necessarily delimit any of the claimed invention. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventive features, but not to others.
With reference to fig. 1, a prior art message retrieval system is shown, which is based on a Voice mail Inbox of the intended receiver. The system comprises the following elements:
a voice mail inbox 101 assigned to a subscriber A 105 and having a storage facility for storing voice mail messages;
a first telephony network 102 to which subscriber A 105 has subscribed;
a second (e.g. foreign) telephony network 104, to which subscriber B 106 has subscribed and through which subscriber B 106 tries to call subscriber A 105;
a communication path 103 through which the call set-up is routed from the second telephony network 102 to the first telephony network 104;
a path 107 through which subscriber B 106 is rerouted to the voice mail inbox 101, if subscriber A 105 is not answering the call, and
a path 108 through which subscriber A 105 has access to his voice mail inbox 101.
Different from the embodiment shown, wherein the voice mail inbox 101 is under the control and provided by a network operator of the first telephony network 102, the voice mail inbox, in the form of an answering machine, for example, may also be located at the premises of subscriber A 105.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention with one or more message storage facilities, also called outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c. The outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c, may optionally be distributed over the network or even over various networks. One or more of the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c may be dedicated to store particular kind of messages, or may have features that other outboxes lack. Examples of dedicated outboxes are outboxes dedicated for Multimedia Messages (MMS), emails, voice mails, video mail, or Short Messages (SMS). The embodiment shown comprises two options.
A first option is referred to as the ISP Option, wherein one or more of the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c are provided by an Internet Service Provider (ISP). Each one of the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c is identified by a Unique Resource Locator (URL) for locating content on the Internet. According to this solution, the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c are uncoupled from the network provider and may be assigned to a particular subscriber, i.e. sender of messages. The outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c are accessible from any location, if necessary through one or more multimedia gateways 204, 205. The Messages are transported for example over the Internet 202. Rerouting to one of the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c is provided by the provider (network provider) of the network 206 used by a sender 208, and/or the provider of the network 207 used by an intended receiver 209 of a message and by the ISP. The networks 206, 207 may comprise, for example, PSTN, PLMN or the Internet.
In a second option (not shown), which is referred to as the "PSTN/PLMN option", one or more outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c provided by a network provider are assigned to a sender 208, wherein the network comprises PSTN or PLMN 202. This system also can easily coexist with a prior art voicemail iInbox system 203. The multimedia gateway 204 for the first network 206 routes an unanswered call of a sender 208 to at least one of the Outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c of the sender 208. The multimedia gateway 205 for the second network 205 routes the access requests to messages destined for the intended receiver 209 to a respective one of the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c of the sender 208.
Both options can easy coexist with a prior art voicemail inbox system 203.
For storing and retrieving or accessing messages, the following steps are performed in the embodiment of fig 2.
One or more of the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c of sender 208 is selected by the sender 208 during the rerouting or a priori. The sender 208 may select one of the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c, which is accessible for the intended receiver, or may select an outbox which is suitable for a particular purpose.
The sender 208 leaves a message in one or more of the selected outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c, and indicates the intended receiver 209, or a plurality of intended receivers, for whom the message is intended.
The multimedia messaging system 201 initiates an alert to the intended receiver(s) 209. This alert could be an SMS, MMS, e-mail or a multimedia message of any other kind or a pre-recorded message, which is played after a successful call attempt by one of the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c. In the latter case the sender 208 chooses the number of trials for a call set-up by the multimedia messaging system 201. The sender also selects the type of message to be used as alert. The alert to the intended receiver(s) 209 comprises the following elements: the URL, the subject and/or content of the message, the sender, and optionally a Personal Identification Number (PIN).
The intended receiver 209 connects (from any location) to sender's multimedia messaging system 201 using the provided URL; the intended receiver 209 uses either a real-time connection or a non-real-time connection.
When the intended receiver 209 is connected to an outbox 201a, 201b, 201c of the sender 208, the intended receiver 209 must identify the message in one of the sender's outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c with the intended receiver's identity (e.g. telephone number) and/or the subject, for example. Optionally validation means are provided for verification and authorisation, whereby the intended receiver 209 is identified by the intended receiver's Caller Line Identification (CLI) or URL, which is compared with the stored CLI or URL in additional information of the message for the intended receiver 209. Additionally the intended receiver 209 may have to be authorised after using the correct provided PIN. When the intended receiver 209 retrieves the message(s) from another telephone, and the intended receiver 209 has identified himself to the network on this telephone, verification and authorisation are implied with the Single Sign On (SSO) Identity of the intended receiver 209. Alternatively, the intended receiver 209 connects to the multimedia messaging system 201 over the Internet 202 using a browser or dedicated software. After verification and authorisation, the Message is sent to the intended receiver 209.
In the PSTN/PLMN option, the parameters differ in comparison with the ISP option in the following manner.
One of the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c of sender 208 is identified with the telephone number of sender 208.
The rerouting to one of the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c, in case a call is not answered or the like, is provided by the Network Provider.
What type of message and the way that it should be delivered is chosen by the sender 208 using for example voice control, interactive voice response (IVR) or DTMF tones produced by the telephone. The Alert may comprise one or more messages to the intended receiver 209 generated by the multimedia messaging system 201.
Validation, comprising verification and authorisation of the intended receiver, is realized by recognition of the intended receiver's CLI.
When the multimedia messaging system 201 was instructed by the sender 208 to call the intended receiver 209, and subsequently the multimedia messaging system 201 calls the intended receiver 209 to deliver an alert, the intended receiver 209 may choose either to receive the complete message instantly or choose to let the multimedia messaging system 201 try to set up a call with sender 208.
Although both options as described here comprise basically the same steps, distinctions are made when details refer specifically to one option or the other. When reference is made to elements of the first option, it should be noted that the same applies to the second option unless otherwise stated.
Figs. 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate the basic method of the invention. Referring now to FIG. 3a, there is illustrated a flow chart diagram of a method 300, in accordance with the present invention, for recording and alerting of calls that have been forwarded to the outbox.
In a first (Step 311), an incoming call, which is directed towards a particular user station of an intended receiver 209 (see fig. 2) is received and routed to the user station of the intended receiver 209 at an exchange of the network 207. The user station 209 is monitored (Step 312) to determine if the call is answered within a predetermined number of rings or within a predetermined time period. If the call is answered, then the call is handled according to normal call processing procedures (Step 313). If the call is not answered within the prescribed time, however, then the original call routing connection is released and the call is rerouted to the one outbox of sender (Step 314), or to the selected one of the outboxes 201a, 201b, 201c of sender.
Referring to fig. 3b, which is a detail of Step 314, sender is prompted by the multimedia messaging system 201 with the options 321 to record a message (Step 323) or not (Step 324). If sender chooses 322 to record a message, he or she has the possibility to control the method and kind of information of the message using IVR or DTMF Control or, as is the case in the ISP option, by means of a graphical user interface (GUI) (see figs. 4a and 4b). After recording of a message the process is continued (Step 325). When no message is recorded the process ends (Step 326).
Referring to fig. 3c (detail of Step 315), when sender has recorded a message for the intended receiver, the multimedia messaging system 201 offers the possibility to alert the intended receiver. The outbox prompts sender A (Step 331) for Option (1) to alert the intended receiver by trying to call him, or Option (2) to send the intended receiver an alert by sending a notification of a message ready to be retrieved by the intended receiver. The multimedia messaging system 201 also proposes (Step 332) to send to sender a notification of delivery of the alert to the intended receiver (Option (3)) or not (Option (4)). If sender makes a choice (Step 333) for Option (1), he or she enters the number N of call trials to be placed by the multimedia messaging system 201 (Step 334). The multimedia messaging system 201 will then call the intended receiver N times (Step 336). If the multimedia messaging system 201 made a successful call-set up with the intended receiver, the multimedia messaging system 201 plays a (standardized or pre-recorded) message, stating that a message has been left by sender for the intended receiver. If, on the other, hand sender makes a choice 333 for Option (2), he also chooses the kind of message to be sent to the intended receiver. The kind of message comprises SMS, MMS- or E-Mail. The multimedia messaging systems 201 will I then send the message to the intended receiver. If sender previously has chosen at 332 for option (3), the multimedia messaging system 201 sends a notification (step 339) that the alert was successful or not. If sender has previously chosen at 332 for option (4), no notification will be sent (step 340) by the multimedia messaging system.201.
Referring to fig. 4a, a GUI is described to be used by users of a computer with a normal display (as opposed to the display of mobile devices like a mobile phone), for recording, accessing and controlling messages that are stored in the outbox: The alert takes the shape of a form, comprising various fields that enable the user to register additional information to a message and for example to view the current status of a message.
Referring now to fig. 4b, an alternative GUI is described which has similar possibilities for recording, accessing and controlling messages that are stored in the outbox. This format allows also users of a mobile device like a mobile phone, with much smaller displays, to use a GUI. By scrolling up and down over the display, the user is able to view basic information on messages. Details of a message appear on the same display as shown in fig. 4c, when the user selects a particular message. In the example of fig. 4b "22-Jan Mark Not read" is chosen, which means that on January 22nd a message for Mark was recorded, which is not read yet. In fig. 4c details of this message are shown. By making the GUI bidirectional an interactive form can be presented and used for alerting purposes, such that changes in the status of an alert or message, such as "read" can be easily transferred and processed.
Referring now to fig. 5, a multimedia messaging system in a network, being a telecommunications network or data network, is shown, arranged for sending and receiving messages by subscribers to the network according to the present invention, where the system comprises a:
a controlling arrangement 501 adapted to store messages in one or more storage facilities (outboxes) 201a, 201b, 201c;
means 502 for reading, editing, removing the stored messages and alerts, or adding, editing or removing additional 1 information to a stored message or an alert;
an interface 503 such as a graphical 1 user interface, a voice control interface, interactive voice response interface or a Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency interface to control or access the controlling arrangements by the sender 208;
an alerting arrangement 504 adapted to provide the intended receiver 209 with an alert, such as an indication of the presence of the message at the one or more storage facilities, and information as how to access the stored message, for example;
means 505 arranged for notifying the sender 208 of changes in a status of the stored message or the alert;
validation means 506 arranged for verification and authorisation of a subscriber to the telecommunications network or data network, attempting to access a stored message in order to establish if the subscriber is the intended receiver 209 before granting the subscriber access to the message;
an interface 507 such as a graphical user interface, a voice control interface, interactive voice response interface or a Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency interface to access the controlling arrangement 501 by the intended receiver 209; and
an accessing arrangement 508, adapted for providing access to the the stored messages.
For accessing and, if applicable, controlling of stored messages and alerts subscriber terminal equipment 208 and 209 is provided with control means 210 arranged for interfacing with at least one of the controlling 501, alerting 504 and accessing arrangements 508.
The controlling 501, alerting 504 and accessing arrangements 508 may be embodied as a single network node arrangement, optionally provided with storage facilities (outboxes) 201a, 201b, 201c for use in a communications network, for performing the method according to the invention.
Although the aforementioned steps are illustrated by particular embodiments of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that some of these steps may be omitted or that these steps may occur in a different order or may occur simultaneously.
A multi media messaging system (201) in a communications network (202, 206, 207), arranged for sending and receiving messages between at least one sender (208) and at least one intended receiver (209), said system comprising:
- at least one storage facility (201a, 201b, 201c), arranged for storing at least one message, wherein the or each storage facility (201, 201b, 201c) is assigned to the sender (208) of a message,
- a controlling arrangement (501), adapted for controlling storage of a message and for controlling access to a stored message,
- an accessing arrangement (508), arranged for providing access to a stored message, and
- an alerting arrangement (504), arranged for providing an intended receiver (209) with an alert relating to the storage of a message,
characterized in that said controlling arrangement (501) is arranged for processing a stored message under control of said sender (208) of said message after final storage thereof or completion of a call.
A system according to claim 1,- wherein said processing includes at least one of storing, accessing, reading, editing and removing a message stored under the control of said sender (208).
A system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said controlling arrangement (501) is arranged for selecting a storage facility (201, 201b, 201c) by said sender (208) for storing a message.
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said alerting arrangement (504) is arranged for controlling said alert by said sender (208) of a message.
A system according to claim 4, wherein said alerting arrangement (504) comprises means arranged for manipulating an alert, said manipulation including at least one of reading, editing and removing
an alert under the control of said sender (208).
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said controlling arrangement (501) is arranged for including additional information with a stored message.
A system according to any of the previous claim, wherein said alerting arrangement (504) is arranged for including additional information with an alert.
A system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein said additional information comprises one of the group including: a message identifier, at least one identification key for identifying at least one intended receiver, a telephone number, a URL, a message identifier, a subject, a personal identification number for access authorization and verification purposes, urgency of the message, validity or expiration time of the message, type of alert including a call attempt and a multimedia message, number of alerts, location of the storage facility of the message, key dates, message status and flags that will trigger transfer of notifiers of status changes to the sender.
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said controlling arrangement (501) comprises means arranged for notifying a sender (208) of a stored message of changes in a status of said message.
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said alerting arrangement (504) comprises means arranged for notifying a sender (208) of an alert of changes in a status of said alert.
A system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said status comprises one of the group including "sent", "not read", "read", "expired", reminded" and "settled".
A system according to any of the preceding claims wherein said controlling arrangement (501) is accessible by means of an interface, including a graphical user interface, a voice control interface, an interactive voice response interface and a Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency interface.
A system according to any of the preceding claims wherein said alerting arrangement (504) is accessible by means of an interface, including a graphical user interface, a voice control interface, an interactive voice response interface and a Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency interface.
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said controlling arrangement (501) comprises validating means, arranged for verification and authorization of a subscriber to the communications network (202, 206, 207) attempting to access a stored message, for establishing whether said subscriber is the intended receiver (209) of said messages, before granting access to said message by said subscriber.
A system according to claim 14, dependent on claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein said validating means are arranged for verification and authorization of said subscriber using said additional information.
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said alerting arrangement (504) is arranged for including in said alert information as how to access a stored message.
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said controlling arrangement (501) is arranged for storing and accessing a message under control of the intended receiver (209) of said message.
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said alerting arrangement (504) is arranged for controlling said alert by said intended receiver (209).
A system according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the extent of said control is defined by said sender (208).
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said accessing arrangement (508) is arranged for providing access to an intended receiver (209) of a message under access conditions defined by said sender (208) of said message.
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said accessing arrangement (508) is accessible by means of an interface, including a graphical user Interface, a voice control Interface, an interactive voice response interface and a Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency interface.
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said storage facility (201a, 201b, 201c) is distributed over said communications network (202, 206, 207).
A system according to any of the previous claims, arranged for sending and receiving messages including voice mail messages, short messages, email messages and video mail.
A system according to any of the previous claims, arranged for providing alerts in message form, including voice mail messages, short messages, email messages and video mail.
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said alert takes the shape of a form for processing and displaying by a graphic user interface, said form comprising information of at least one message for said intended receiver (209).
A system according to claim 25, wherein said graphic user interface is arranged for duplex transfer of data, and wherein said forum is an interactive form.
A system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said communications network (202, 206, 207) comprises at least one of group comprised by telecommunications and data networks, including the Internet, a Public Switched Telephone Network, an Integrated Services Digital network, and a Public Land Mobile Network.
A terminal for use in the system according to any of the previous claims, said terminal comprising control means arranged for interfacing with at least one of said controlling (501), alerting (504) and accessing (508) arrangements.
A network node arrangement for use in a communications network (202, 206, 207), according to any of the claims 1-27, said network node arrangement comprises a controlling arrangement (506), arranged for controlling storage of a message and for controlling access to a stored message; an accessing arrangement (508), arranged for providing access to a stored message, and an alerting arrangement (504), arranged for providing an intended receiver (209) with an alert relating to the storage of a message.
A method of sending and receiving multi media messages in a communications network (202, 206, 207), between at least one sender (208) and at least one intended receiver (209) of a message, said method comprising the steps of:
- assigning, to said sender (208) of a message, of at least one storage facility (201a, 201b, 201c) arranged for storing at least one message,
- storing, by said sender (208), of at least one message in the or each storage facility (201a, 201b, 201c),
- alerting at least one intended receiver (209) by an alert relating to the storage of a message, and
- providing access to a stored message,
characterized in that a stored message is processable under control of said sender (208) of said message after final storage thereof or completion of a call.
A method according to claim 30, wherein said processing includes at least one of storing, accessing, reading, editing and removing said message under the control of said sender (208).
A method according to claim 30 or 31, wherein said sender (208) selects a storage facility (201, 201b, 201c) for storing a message.
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 32, further comprising the step of controlling said alert by said sender (208) of a message.
A method according to claims 33, further comprising the step of manipulating an alert, said manipulation including at least one of reading, editing and removing said alert under the control of said sender (208).
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 34, further comprising the step of including additional information with a stored message.
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 35, further comprising the step of including additional information with an alert.
A method according to claim 35 or 36, wherein n said additional information comprises one of the group Including: a message identifier, at least one identification key for identifying at least one intended receiver, a telephone number, a URL. a message identifier, a subject, a personal identification number for access authorization and verification purposes, urgency of the message, validity or expiration time of the message, type of alert including a call attempt and a multimedia message, number of alerts, location of the storage facility of the message, key dates, message status and flags that will trigger transfer of notifiers of status changes to the sender (208).
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 37, further comprising the step of notifying a sender (208) of a stored message of changes in a status of said message.
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 38, further comprising the step of notifying a sender (208) of an alert of changes in a status of said alert.
A method according to claim 38 or 39, wherein said status comprises one of the group including "sent", "not read", "read", "expired", "reminded" and "settled".
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 40, further comprising the step of validating a subscriber to the communications network (202. 206. 207) attempting to access a stored message, for establishing whether said subscriber is the intended receiver (209) of said message, before granting access to said message by said subscriber, said validation includes verification and authorization of said subscriber.
A method according to claim 41. dependent on claim 35, 36 or 37. wherein said validation of said subscriber is performed using said additional information.
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 42, further comprising the step of including in said alert information as how to access a stored message.
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 43, further comprising the step of storing and accessing a message under control of the intended receiver of said message.
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 44, further comprising the step of controlling said alert by said intended receiver.
A method according to claim 44 or 45, wherein the extent of said control is defined by said sender.
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 46, further comprising the step of providing access to an intended receiver of a message under access conditions defined by said sender of said message.
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 47, further comprising the step of sending and receiving messages including voice mail messages, multimedia messages, short messages, email messages and video mail.
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 48, further comprising the step of providing alerts in message form, including voice mail messages, multimedia messages, short messages, email messages and video mail.
A method according to any of the claims 30 - 49, further comprising the step of providing said alert with the shape of an interactive form, for processing and displaying by a graphic user interface, said form comprising information of at least one message for said intended receiver.
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Does Warner titles have easter eggs also? basically R1 and R3 have the same content di ba?
Here's a website that collects all easter eggs on DVDs. Quite helpful when you don't have time to find those easter eggs in your DVD collection although I heard that's part of the fun. Discovering something on your own. Has anyone here found an easter egg without any help from someone or anyone?
does anybody here have a favorite easter egg?
and finding it is very easy...just leave your screen at the main menu and the whole movie score will be played in the background...and its in dolby digital too!
You can also hear the complete score of Mummy (same with Apollo 13) from the language menu.
Among my favorite easter eggs are Dr. Evil's hidden feature page from Austin Powers: TSWSM, Aki in a bikini in Final Fantasy , and the hidden interviews in You've Got Mail.
Really? Whose music did they use? It sounds like the intro to Thriller to me. I have a copy of the album; maybe I should do a side-by-side comparison.
I meant Michael Jackson's vocals. If Final Fantasy use the whole song, I could have finally gotten rid of my VHS copy of "Michael Jackson's Thriller"
My favorite by far is the cameo appearance of Spiderman in the X-Men DVD.
Kasi bihira naman talaga yung tinatapos yung mga credits or acknowledgements pag nanonood and based from Brother DON's EasterEggsSite[/b].
Sa DVD-Rom lang ba naga-appear ang mga easter eggs?
If this was already posted, sorry mods!
On the second disc, go to Monster's Only and you'll see a door with 3 submenu choices. There should be a large logo of Monsters Inc. on the right side of the screen. Press Right (or click on it if you're using a DVD-ROM) to highlight the logo and press Enter. You'll see a short clip about some of the jokes the animators did while they were doing the film.


My game seems to crash a lot - there isnt any pattern to it, i.e. it crashes after exiting CAS or during a transition. It can happen at any time. I seem to keep getting the same log which I have posted below.
I'm running Windows 8.1 64 bit and have both an Intel HD Graphics 4600 with texture memory of 1792Mb and a Nvidia GeForce GTX 860M wit 4039 Mb.Apologies I couldnt find a way to copy/paste or extract my full operating system.
I have cc in my game also. I also installed a clean pleasantview to avoid corruption but have noticed one of my sims is jumping and their plumbob flickers on and off.


text:
Chase Brown (born March 21, 2000) is a Canadian gridiron football running back. He played one season with Western Michigan before transferring to Illinois in 2019. Brown won the 2022 Jon Cornish Trophy as the top Canadian in college football after rushing for over 1,600 yards with 10 touchdowns. He is the identical twin brother of Sydney Brown.

Early life and high school career
Brown was born in 2000 and raised in London, Ontario, Canada. He relocated from Canada to Florida as a junior in high school and attended Saint Stephen's Episcopal School in Bradenton, Florida. During the 2016 and 2017 seasons, he was teammates with his identical twin brother, Sydney Brown, who played at the safety position. He set the school's career rushing record, but received a modest three-star rating by 247Sports.

College football

Western Michigan
In October 2017, Brown verbally committed to play college football at Western Michigan University. As a freshman, he played for the 2018 Western Michigan Broncos football team and rushed for 352 yards on 71 carries for an average of five yards per carry. He also returned 12 kickoffs for 227 yards. In early 2019, Western Michigan's two freshmen stars, Brown and freshman receiver Jayden Reed, entered the NCAA transfer portal.

Illinois
Brown transferred to Illinois in 2019, joining his identical twin brother, Sydney, a defensive back for the Illini. With both brothers playing at Illinois, Sydney noted: "This is what we dreamt about as kids. Having him come here has been like having a piece of home here in Illinois"

Brown's application for immediate eligibility was initially denied, but granted on appeal in mid-October 2019. After appearing in four games during the 2019 season, he redshirted and retained the year of eligibility. He tallied 18 rushing yards on three carries during the 2019 season.

During the COVID shutdown, Brown and his twin brother Sydney returned to Canada and stayed with their grandmother, converting the garage into a gym. Brown returned to Illinois in the fall and appeared in all eight games for the Illini. On November 14, 2020, he had his first 100-yard game against Rutgers, totaling 134 rushing yards. One week later, he rushed for 115 yards and two touchdowns against Nebraska. For the season, he totaled 540 rushing yards on 104 carries (5.2 yards per carry). At the end of the season, he was selected in fan voting as the Fans Choice Canadian NCAA Player of the Year.
With eligibility not impacted by the 2020 season, Brown remained classified as a sophomore in 2021. On October 2, 2021, he rushed for a career-high 257 yards against Charlotte – the fourth-highest single-game rushing total in Illinois history. Three week later, he rushed for 229 yards in the Illini's NCAA-record nine-overtime victory over No. 7 Penn State. His 223 yards was the most ever tallied by an opposing player at Penn State's Beaver Stadium. For the full 2021 season, Brown rushed for 1,005 yards on 170 carries, and his average of 100.5 rushing yards per game ranked second in the Big Ten Conference. Brown was twice named Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week in 2021 and received third-team honors on the 2021 All-Big Ten Conference football team.

In the 2022 season opener against Wyoming, Brown rushed for 151 yards and three touchdowns on 19 carries. He was named Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week after the first week. Against Indiana on September 2, he rushed for 199 yards and was selected as the first winner of the Doak Walker National Running Back of the Week award.  He then rushed for in excess of 100 yards in each of the next five games: 146 yards against Virginia on September 10; 108 yards against Chattanooga on September 22; 129 yards against Wisconsin on October 1; 146 yards against Iowa on October 8; and 180 yards against Minnesota on October 15. His yardage against Minnesota pushed him over the 1,000-yard mark, making him the first player to reach the mark in 2022 and the third Illinois player to rush for over 1,000 yards in consecutive years. Brown finished second nationally with 1,643 rushing yards. He was later awarded the 2022 Jon Cornish Trophy as the top Canadian player in NCAA football.

Statistics

Personal life
Brown is the identical twin brother of safety Sydney Brown. The two were teammates at Illinois.

References

External links
 Illinois Fighting Illini bio

2000 births
American football running backs
American identical twins
Canadian expatriate American football people in the United States
Canadian players of American football
Illinois Fighting Illini football players
Jon Cornish Trophy winners
Living people
Sportspeople from London, Ontario
Western Michigan Broncos football players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The homily was delivered on Sunday, November 22, 2015, at All Souls Unitarian Church in Tulsa, Oklahoma, by Rev. Barbara Prose, Executive Director of Ministry.
The sermon was delivered on Sunday, November 15, 2015, at All Souls Unitarian Church in Tulsa, Oklahoma, by Bishop Carlton D. Pearson, Guest Minister.
The message was delivered on Sunday, November 15, 2015, at All Souls Unitarian Church in Tulsa, Oklahoma, by Rev. Barbara Prose, Executive Director of Ministry.
The message was delivered on Sunday, November 15, 2015, at All Souls Unitarian Church in Tulsa, Oklahoma, by Imam John Ederer, Guest MInister.
The message was delivered on Sunday, November 15, 2015, at All Souls Unitarian Church in Tulsa, Oklahoma, by Rev. Dr. Marlin Lavanhar, Senior Minister.


text:
Matthew Fogg
Attending Allergist and Director of Food Allergy Treatment, Allergy and Asthma Specialists, PC
I am an allergy and immunology specialist, passionate about providing world class care to my patients. Particularl interest and expertise in food allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, venom and drug allergy. Expert in the use of both subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic disease. Expert in the use of biologics for asthma, urticaria and atopic dermatitis. I consult for a variety of clients in the allergy and immunology space, particularly with regard to new and emerging therapies for allergic disease. I also serve as a Physician Expert Witness in cases relevant to my expertise in Allergy and Immunology.
Drexel University College of Medicine
Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine
Attending Allergist, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children
Allergy and Asthma Specialists, PC
Attending Allergist and Director of Food Allergy Treatment
2018,2019 Top Doctor, Allergy and Immunology, Philadelphia Magazine 2017-"Love Award", Best Allergist, Philadelphia Family Magazine 2016 "Love Award", Best Allergist, Philadelphia Family Magazine 2016 Top Doctor, Main Line Today US News and World Report, Castle Connolly Top Doctor
Pennsylvania Allergy and Asthma Association
Allergy and Immunology Fellow
Fellowship in Pediatric and Adult Allergy and Immunology at CHOP and University of Pennsylvania
Pediatric Resident
NYU School of Medicine
Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), Medicine
NYU Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Master's Degree, Medical Ethics and Health Care Policy
Bachelor's Degree, Political Economy
Talk to Matthew

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The world is less peaceful in 2018 than at any other time in the past decade, according to the 2018 Global Peace Index.
The index focuses on the level of societal safety and security, ongoing domestic and international conflict, and the degree of militarization. An analysis of these criteria revealed that the global level of peace had deteriorated by 0.27 percent in the past year. It also showed that 92 countries deteriorated, while 71 countries improved.
The reasons for less peace are increased conflict and crisis in regions such as the Middle East. Six of the world's nine regions became less peaceful, including four of the most peaceful regions: Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific, and South America.
The largest deterioration occurred in the safety and security category for South America, because of the increase in incarceration and the impact of terrorism on surrounding countries.
The most peaceful country in the world is Iceland, a position it has held since 2008. Following on its heels is New Zealand, Austria, Portugal and Denmark.
At the other end of the spectrum, Syria is the least peaceful country in the world, as it has been for the past five years. Syria is followed by Afghanistan, South Sudan, Iraq and Somalia.
Even the most peaceful region, Europe, has declined in its peacefulness rating. Since 2008, 61 percent of Europe's countries have become less peaceful; in 2017, 23 countries in the region deteriorated. The majority of the decline is in Western Europe. East European peace is actually improving.
Economic success or failure has a big impact on a country's or region's level of peacefulness, as recorded by the index. On a global scale, the economic impact of violence increased 2 percent in 2017 because of an increase in security spending, specifically in China and Russia. The Institute for Economics and Peace calculated that a lack of peace cost the global economy $14.8 trillion in 2017, or about $2,000 per person. Since 2012, the economic impact of violence has risen 16 percent largely due to the Arab Spring.
And yet—absolute utopia is soon to grip this Earth in our time, and we shall see world peace. We shall see sickness banished, vigorous health restored, ignorance replaced with universal right education, poverty replaced with universal prosperity, weeping and wailing turned into happiness and joy!
It is easy to become depressed when looking at the condition of this world, but with the vision of a future, peaceful world, we can truly be happy! Request our free booklet The Wonderful World Tomorrow—What It Will Be Like for a snapshot of the peaceful world to come.


Let the kids bounce off my walls not yours!
Bounce & Slide rents Inflatable Bounce Houses, Inflatable Combos, and Inflatable Wet or Dry Slides for all occasions. We have proudly served Plano and the Dallas Metroplex for six years. Each Bounce Hounce Rental, Combo Rental, and Slide Rental is fully insured. In addition to Inflatable Bounce Houses and Inflatable Slides, we also rent canopies, generators and kid tables. We never require a deposit.
Bounce & Slide is family owned and operated. We have young kids of our own, so we understand the importance of safety, cleanliness, and value. Our Bounce House Rentals and Inflatable Slide Rentals are state inspected annually for your protection. Our Bounce Houses and Inflatable Slides are cleaned and sanitized after each use.
Let the kids bounce off our walls not yours! Bounce & Slide is perfect for your next event!
Copyright © 2011-2018 Bounce and Slide. All rights reserved.


text:
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) Lead Pipe Software. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License. Please see the LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using NUnit.Framework;

namespace LeadPipe.Net.Validation.Tests.AlphaAttributeTests
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The alpha attribute should.
    /// </summary>
    [TestFixture]
    public class AlphaAttributeShould
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Test to ensure that when the Alpha attribute is present with extra characters allowed that it only
        /// allows the extra characters specified.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="invalidValue">
        /// The invalid value that is expected to cause validation to fail.
        /// </param>
        [TestCase("eh&")]
        [TestCase("ABC+")]
        [TestCase("xyz%")]
        public void CauseValidationToFailGivenAlphaPlusWithInvalidCharacters(string invalidValue)
        {
            var validatableEntity = new ValidatableEntity { AlphaPlusWithNoLeadingNoTrailing = invalidValue };

            Assert.IsFalse(validatableEntity.Validate().Count == 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Test to ensure that if spaces are permitted by the Alpha attribute that it does not interfere
        /// with the NoLeadingWhitespace and NoTrailingWhitespace attributes.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="validValue">
        /// The valid value that is expected to pass validation.
        /// </param>
        [TestCase("# AB")]
        [TestCase("$JR")]
        [TestCase("$ #")]
        [TestCase("$   xy")]
        public void CauseValidationToSucceedGivenAlphaPlusSpaceWithNoLeadingNoTrailing(string validValue)
        {
            var validatableEntity = new ValidatableEntity { AlphaPlusWithNoLeadingNoTrailing = validValue };

            Assert.IsTrue(validatableEntity.Validate().Count == 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The cause validation to succeed given extra characters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="validValue">
        /// The valid value that is expected to pass validation.
        /// </param>
        [TestCase("A B")]
        [TestCase("-Ert")]
        [TestCase("C++")]
        [TestCase("+-X Degrees")]
        public void CauseValidationToSucceedGivenExtraCharacters(string validValue)
        {
            var validatableEntity = new ValidatableEntity { AlphaPlusProperty = validValue };

            Assert.IsTrue(validatableEntity.Validate().Count == 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Test to make sure the IsValidate return false given invalid string for AlphaPlus property.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="validValue">
        /// The valid value that is expected to pass validation.
        /// </param>
        [TestCase("AB?")]
        [TestCase("AB2")]
        [TestCase("C++1")]
        public void ReturnFalseGivenInvalidStringForAlPhaPlusProperty(string validValue)
        {
            var validatableEntity = new ValidatableEntity { AlphaPlusProperty = validValue };

            Assert.False(validatableEntity.IsValid());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The cause validation to succeed given extra characters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="validValue">
        /// The valid value that is expected to pass validation.
        /// </param>
        [TestCase("A B")]
        [TestCase("-Ert")]
        [TestCase("C++")]
        [TestCase("+-X Degrees")]
        public void ReturnFalseGivenInvalidStringForAlphaProperty(string validValue)
        {
            var validatableEntity = new ValidatableEntity { AlphaProperty = validValue };

            Assert.False(validatableEntity.IsValid());
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Theatre Mirror Reviews -"The Mousetrap"
2nd Story Theatre's�second summer show is Agatha Christie's most successful melodrama "The Mousetrap" which�is celebrating its Diamond�Anniversary�year in London, having opened there on October 6, 1952, making it the longest running show in history. The two act play takes place in Monkswell Manor Guest House, a newly converted mansion run by a couple of newlyweds, Giles and Mollie Ralston. The show opens in darkness with a light comes up on a radio. The audience learns there has been a murder in London, a woman, Mrs. Maureen Lyons has been killed and the main clue is the song. The police are eager to interview a man wearing a dark overcoat, light scarf and a soft felt hat. Several people enter the mansion dressed in this garb. The Ralstons open their newly inherited home as a boarding house and become stranded during a snowstorm with a group of strangers including a spinster with a curious background, an architect who seems to be more equipped to be a chef, a retired Army major, a strange Italian man who claims his car has overturned in a snow drift and an old biddy who makes life miserable for everyone. Into their midst comes a policeman, traveling on skis. No sooner than he arrives, then the second murder takes place, leaving two down and one to go. To obtain the rationale of the murderer's pattern the policeman probes the background of everyone present and rattles a lot of skeletons. Directors Ed Shea and Pat Heganauer cast�their performers wonderfully and infuse them with energetic portrayals with terrific accusing glances and facial expressions to keep you guessing who the killer is all night long.
Ed and Pat make the humor shine in this show which wins much laughter. The terrific 1950's costumes are by Ron Cesario and the gorgeous Victorian set is by Trevor Elliot with a giant bay window with a film projection of the blizzard. Leading the cast is Ara Bohigian as Detective Sergeant Trotter. He is excellent in this role running the gamut of emotions from his first entrance through the window as the skiing policeman to the inquisition of each of the suspects. His dazzling performance will keep you on the edge of your seat. Dillon Medina and�Erin Elliot play Giles and Mollie, the newlyweds in this show. Their scenes together convey the tenderness of a young couple in love. Dillon does a wonderful job as the overprotective husband while Erin delivers a strong portrayal of a nervous young bride with a secret in her past. They are terrific in their roles�especially when they wonder why the other was in London the day before.�One of the�meanest characters in this show is Paula Faber�as Mrs. Boyle. She is humorous as the martinet who harps on every little flaw she finds in the boarding house. She makes Mrs. Boyle into such a vile and despicable woman that you'd like to boo her at curtain call.
One of the biggest scene stealers in this show�is�Ben Church as Christopher Wren. His facial expressions and line deliveries are�hilarious.�Christopher says he is an architect. He exclaims that he thinks Trotter is attractive, pays a little too much attention to Mollie and also claims he enjoys cooking. One of his funniest lines is that Tiny�Tim is bogus. Not only is�Ben a marvelous comic actor but he also delivers the goods in a dramatic scene with Erin when he confesses that his life was ruined by the death of his mother. She exclaims that everyone must face life. The three remaining guests do a wonderful job in their roles. Erin Olson�plays the mysterious mannish acting, Miss Casewell who lurks in and out of the scenes, giving accusatory glances at the others. She uses her topnotch acting talents to make you keep guessing who Miss Casewell really is until the final curtain. Vince Petronio plays the constantly�jolly Mr. Paravicini who likes to tinkle the keys of the piano while scaring the other guests by playing Three Blind Mice. William Oakes�plays the blustery, Major Metcalf who is also harboring a secret from his past like the other guests. So for an edge of your seat mystery with splendid comic performances and direction, be sure to catch "The Mousetrap" at 2nd Story Theatre.


Premiere trailer revealed for HITMAN ahead of next week's launch - Use a Potion!
HITMAN has gone through a few changes and delays since its initial reveal, but it won't be long until gamers finally get theirs hands on it. I've been looking forward to stepping back into the shoes of Agent 47 and returning to the world of contracted hits – it'll be pretty sweet to have all new challenges to complete every week too.
The first episode of HITMAN releases on March 11th 2016 for Playstation 4, Xbox One and PC.


Glass materials used in optical fibres and planar waveguides do not exhibit a second order nonlinearity. However, through poling it is possible to process fibres and waveguides which can then be exploited in applications such as electrooptical switching and frequency conversion. The European Commission supports a joint effort (the GLAMOROUS project) to demonstrate that poling glass systems can be used in creating new useful devices. A workshop describing advances of the project, ranging from fundamental issues of glass properties and the physics of poling all the way to the construction of real components and their characterisation will take place in connection with POWAG on Sunday, July 11 th. The participants of the POWAG meeting are welcome to attend the workshop, that is free of charge.


Send and pick-up greetings cards / e-cards from East Brandenburg and/or Neumark. A former Prussian province of Brandenburg, Germany. This is completely free!
Contact the website of the Ostbrandenburg digital archive.


I love the look of leather blazers – as most leather jackets are too bulky and unfitted. These Guess leather blazers are beautiful. I'll take one in each color! And at $120, they're not a bad price, considering the quality is probably quite high.
Pink blazers aren't usually my thing, but this blazer is only a little pink. The rose color would look nice with jeans, especially as tweedy as it is. I love using a girly color like this and making it totally sophisticated.


text:
by Amerie
Album: In Love & War (2009)
Amerie mapped out the sound of In Love & War before she sat with any producers. She explained, "For this album, I told people I needed music that was really heavy, something with knock. Nothing too pretty; I wanted something that sounded '70s-ish, when rock had a lot of soul in it, and it was still so related to the blues. And of course it needed that hip-hop element."
This track was produced by American record producer Warryn Campbell. Amerie said: "I told Warryn I wanted a live, hard, rock sound, something mean, something with swagger. I wanted the instrumentation to have a strong personality before I even opened my mouth. He started playing the bass guitar, and I was sitting there creating the lyrics and melody and it all came together really organically. That's what I mean when I say that this album, in addition to being an extension of my first, is also an extension of '1 Thing' because '1 Thing' has its go-go roots but it's also very soulful, '70s rock. I went from that and took it all the way live."
More songs from Amerie
Lyrics to Higher
Ed Roland of Collective SoulSongwriter Interviews
The stories behind "Shine," "December," "The World I Know" and other Collective Soul hits.
Chris ReaSongwriter Interviews
It took him seven years to recover from his American hit "Fool (If You Think It's Over)," but Chris Rea became one of the top singer-songwriters in his native UK.
Classic MetalFact or Fiction
Ozzy, Guns N' Roses, Judas Priest and even Michael Bolton show up in this Classic Metal quiz.
90s MetalFact or Fiction
Test your metal - Priest, Maiden, and Beavis and Butt-head show up in this one.


Do you run discounts or specials?
Mayfields Performance offers our customers the option of selecting 2 day ground, next day, or air through either the United States Postal Service USPS) or United Parcel Service (UPS) for shipments in the continental U.S.
If an items needs to be returned, the customer is responsible for the return shipping fees and should obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA). Please contact our Customer Service Department at 770.459.4828 to discuss the reason for the return and make the necessary arrangements. The amount of the refund will be based on the purchase price of your products and may include a restocking fee.
Easy. If it is a regularly stocked item (on our website,) without any "Special Order Only" disclaimers, and it is unused, send it back for a full refund, minus the shipping charge.
If you ordered a "Special Order Only" call us and talk to us. Explain what happened and we'll do our best to work with you.
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After you complete your order you will receive an email from our automated store system that will provide your tracking number. You can then use that number to locate your package with the shipping provider you chose at the checkout.
Q: Do you run discounts or specials?
Absolutely. We will post specials on our website from time to time, but be looking at our Facebook page constantly – every now and again we do a giveaway! We've been known to give away cool items like turbo back exhaust systems, ARP head studs, BombShelter Diesel Supply gift cards and other awesome stuff!
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text:
N. Illinois fends off C. Michigan comeback for 24-16 win
Marcus Childers threw for three touchdowns, and a late interception by Northern Illinois preserved the Huskies' 24-16 win over Central Michigan in a Mid-American Conference opener.
N. Illinois fends off C. Michigan comeback for 24-16 win Marcus Childers threw for three touchdowns, and a late interception by Northern Illinois preserved the Huskies' 24-16 win over Central Michigan in a Mid-American Conference opener. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: https://usat.ly/2NMssX2
DEKALB, Ill. (AP) — Marcus Childers threw for three touchdowns, and a late interception by Northern Illinois preserved the Huskies' 24-16 win over Central Michigan in a Mid-American Conference opener on Saturday.
With CMU at the Huskies' 15-yard line, Vinny Labus intercepted Tommy Lazzaro's pass that bounced off the hands of Cameron Cole with 20 seconds left.
Down 21-3, Lazzaro replaced starter Tony Poljan to begin the comeback in third quarter. Lazzaro scored on a 6-yard run to make it 21-10, and on CMU's next possession, led the Chippewas 73 yards on a drive that ended when he connected with Julian Hicks on a 4-yard scoring pass that made it 24-16 with 9:43 left.
Childers threw a 14-yard touchdown pass to Spencer Tears to put the Huskies (1-2) ahead 7-3 with 4:03 before halftime. After holding Central Michigan (0-3) to three-and-out, Jack Sheldon blocked a punt and the Huskies took over at CMU's 22. Childers then completed a 7-yard scoring pass to Dennis Robinson before halftime. In the third, Childers completed a 2-yard scoring pass to D.J. Brown for an 18-point lead.
Lazzaro finished with 128 yards passing and 55 rushing.