CJ Brown and Canyon Angler like this.
Here is the youtube playlist for reference for this build.
I spent some time dry fitting the case. This is quite different in this manner. Stihl designed this so when they assembled it they had wiring run through the case itself. In the manual of course they don't have clear illustrations and we all know how IPLs are presented. I am considering how to proceed with it. I mean I think I will fit the case half's with the intended passengers, since the bearing are not a tight fit I think I can do it without pinching anything. I could go fishing.
And another thing i am looking at is the rubber grommets. It feels like there needs to be two identical grommets for the contact kill wire and the coil wire fitted on the two case opening, the kit only has one gromment like i think would be best. It has a small indent for the kill wire and the opening also holds the coil wire. I am going to look into that next week. One came in the kit I could buy another. if its not intended i think it would be an improvement. The second has a slit.
So I read alabama xl post in what's in the box about the farmertec 200t's manifold deforming from heat. I thought I had seen another person had posted before. When I was unboxing it I twisted the boot as the boot takes abuse from the handle/av system, making a mental note of the material. I silently wondered if it was silicone because it did not look like rubber, so it must be plastic since they are melting.
I noticed today that my oil hose folds and shuts off in the way it falls naturally, that means no oil or less oil output which would make you suspect something is wrong with the oiler. The list is growing.
I got the additional gromment and dry fitted it and i think it is better with both sides sealed up well and the kill wire held in place preventing the wire from kinking over time. the manual mentions the kinking, not sure if that was a heads up over some issue they feared. after stepping through this i decided to get a dealer kill wire, as i do not want to fish those wires in my saws lifetime.
every wonder what a stihl tech makes. here you can ball park what you would make if you keep up with it.
replace the fuel line, tank vent, or fuel pickup body 25 minutes replace the manifold is 30 minutes, with leak test. i push it at 30, more like 40.
get 25minutes of alone time to do a SEC checklist, it helps you step by step to cover the systems involved to help you find the cause.
The missing video above was updated and you can find it in the link to the playlist above, no reason to post it again.
The video below is putting crank in and closing it up. Waiting on the piston bearing and I will finish it. I notice I don't have the flange to close the exhaust to pressure test it in place. Maybe I can do that before putting the plastic on it. The manifold that came in my kit was much smaller than the oem boot. That must be causing people problems if they have the same one and are not aware of the difference. The oem boot fit is much tighter on the cylinder that my previous saws.
BedfordT, thanks for the effort posting videos and pictures of your build process, it's a great resource for all those folks out there trying out the Huztl MS200T Kit. I am learning new things myself specific to Farmertec parts like the boot and oil line. Keep up the great work!
Thank you. It's something I enjoy. Nice of you to speak up.
I got the bearing and the slide today. I can not install the retainer for the manifold. I got it on video so you can see for yourself, but this is CRAZY. The retainer on the kit manifold I am sure fits fine. This just will not go on and that is using every trick in the book. If I beat on it any more I am going to break something. I pressure tested it with my thumb and it leaks like a seize at the base gasket and no wonder. But that seal is fine so i know what to do now with the base gasket. I have not overlooked anything. I can not understand why it does not fit other than that ring is just a hair to small, which when they clone something a mm or two is the norm. the oem manifold is thicker. I said that the oem manifold fits extra tight so it could be the exhaust port on the cylinder that is larger and that accounts for this issue. if its something like that i could use a metal clamp but i am not clear on how that will work out for the case/handle.
i am going to walk away from it and start again tomorrow. i will see if anyone has a retainer, that will be the best case scenario here.
In the past a kit took time to debug and I see folks are skipped that part, that is an important step to get a runner.
sir, all the kits you have built,,what is huztl problem with ignoring you???
Maybe they are looking into it, lol. Some sandpaper solved my problem. On Friday I will start again towards the end. Some folks been gluing their boots on, I am going to work it out with a dry boot.
Either the carb studs are too short by 3/8" or the plastic bullhead is too thick.
And, yes, I drove the studs into the handle until they bottomed put.
Can't get the other nut to catch a thread.
Revise the above studs are 3/16" too short.
I could easily solve the problem with a spot face tool in my drill press.
The holes in the plastic parts need to be drilled larger. Way too much interference fit with the self tapping screws.
Snapped the head off one and had to drill it out.


text:
Campagnac (occitanisch Campanhac) ist eine südfranzösische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Tarn in der Region Okzitanien (vor 2016 Midi-Pyrénées). Die Gemeinde gehört zum Arrondissement Albi und zum Kanton Vignobles et Bastides (bis 2015 Castelnau-de-Montmiral). Die Einwohner werden Campagnacois genannt.

Lage
Campagnac liegt etwa 28 Kilometer westnordwestlich von Albi. Umgeben wird Campagnac von den Nachbargemeinden Itzac im Norden und Osten, Alos im Osten und Südosten, Vieux im Süden und Südosten, Saint-Beauzile im Süden und Westen sowie Vaour im Nordwesten.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Kirche Saint-Eusèbe
 Schloss Camapagnac

Weblinks

Ort in Okzitanien
Weinbauort in Frankreich

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Charlestown, kommun (town) i Washington County, Rhode Island, USA med cirka 7 859 invånare (2000).  Den har enligt United States Census Bureau en area på 153,6 km².

Externa länkar

Orter i Rhode Island


text:
Lauren Glotzer To Head Corporate Development At Sony Pictures Entertainment
Culver City, CA (April 25, 2012) - Lauren Glotzer has been promoted to Executive Vice President, Corporate Development at Sony Pictures Entertainment (SPE) it was announced today by David Hendler, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at SPE, to whom she will report.
As Executive Vice President, Corporate Development, Glotzer will head the corporate development team at the studio, overseeing studio investments and analyses, mergers and acquisitions, new business development and strategic planning.
In her five years with SPE, Glotzer has been actively involved in many of the studio's major strategic ventures, including SPE's increased stake in GSN, the home entertainment joint venture with Universal in Australia, and the launch of The Hot Ticket, a theatrical distribution label dedicated to alternative content.
"Lauren's strategic guidance has been invaluable in keeping the studio nimble and innovative, streamlining our operations, expanding our consumer offerings, and investing in key businesses. Her promotion is well deserved," said Hendler.
Prior to joining SPE in 2007, Glotzer was Associate Director, Group Corporate Development for Virgin Media, based in London where she helped drive the cable company's purchase of Virgin Mobile UK and licensing of the Virgin brand name. Her past experience also includes business development and consulting roles at AvantGo EMEA in London and Deloitte in London, Paris, and New York, as well as a seat on the board of ITV News Channel in the UK.
Glotzer holds a BA from Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut and MBA from INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France. [She is a dual national of the US and the UK.]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ben and Charlie are stuck in a rut: He likes the quiet life and she'll do anything to close a deal. Their efforts to stay together take them from swingers parties to dogging parks but not even spanking will do the trick. So what do they do? Ben has one last roll of the dice, and he books a luxury kidnap experience for Charlie's birthday. Picked up, trussed up and taken hostage as planned, the two settle in for a night of latex, spandex and Durex. But who are these amateurs in balaclavas? What's that smell? And why the hell won't they get with the spanking?


text:
New York|Prison Worker Who Befriended Killers Is Accused of Providing Tools for Escape
https://nyti.ms/1QSDDEr
Prison Worker Who Befriended Killers Is Accused of Providing Tools for Escape
Joyce E. Mitchell on her way into court in Plattsburgh, N.Y., on Friday evening.Credit...Chris Wattie/Reuters
By Jesse McKinley, Sarah Maslin Nir and William K. Rashbaum
DANNEMORA, N.Y. — More than a month before two killers escaped from a maximum-security prison in far northern New York State last weekend, a worker there who befriended them provided them with some of the tools to do the deed: hacksaw blades, chisels, a punch and a screwdriver bit, according to criminal complaints.
That worker, Joyce E. Mitchell, 51, of Dickinson Center, N.Y., was arrested on Friday and charged with promoting prison contraband in the first degree, a felony, and criminal facilitation in the fourth degree, a misdemeanor.
Appearing late Friday night in a Clinton County courtroom in Plattsburgh, N.Y., east of Dannemora, Ms. Mitchell — slight, blonde and looking weary — pleaded not guilty. She will be held in jail until her next court appearance, which is set for Monday.
Ms. Mitchell, a civilian employee at the prison, had been under surveillance after being identified by the authorities soon after the escape as a possible accomplice, perhaps as the pair's planned getaway driver. But she had sought hospitalization at about the same time as the escape, complaining of a panic attack, the authorities said.
And on Friday, the New York State Police — who have been thwarted in a nearly weeklong hunt for the two escapees, Richard W. Matt, 48, and David Sweat, 34 — finally had something concrete to announce.
"This is one large piece of the puzzle in our quest to find these two escaped murderers," Maj. Charles E. Guess, commander of the troop leading the search, said at a news conference.
Ms. Mitchell's arrest was the first major development in a prison escape drama that has captured the nation's attention and frustrated more than 800 searchers, who spent Friday combing the woods near the Clinton Correctional Facility here, often in torrential rains, looking for the fugitives.
Ms. Mitchell's arrest came after law enforcement officials said she had been cooperating with them and offering information that could be helpful in the hunt for the escapees, Andrew M. Wylie, the Clinton County district attorney, said Friday.
Major Guess echoed that at the news conference. "We believe the information is relevant and helpful," he said of Ms. Mitchell's cooperation.
Ms. Mitchell could face a maximum of seven years in prison if convicted on the felony charge. She was suspended without pay from her job as an industrial training supervisor on Friday.
But she may not be the sole person under suspicion. Investigators have also been looking into whether other prison staff members and corrections officers might have played a role in the escape, several people with knowledge of the inquiry said.
"They're crawling all over everybody," one of the people said. The people familiar with the inquiry did not want to be identified discussing a continuing investigation.
Ms. Mitchell's husband, Lyle G. Mitchell, also works at the prison. But Major Guess would not say whether he was a person of interest in the investigation.
As they did on the previous six days, law enforcement officers searching for the escapees came up empty-handed on Friday, despite a tight focus on a five-square-mile area just east of Dannemora where tracking dogs had indicated the inmates might be hiding.
Still, Major Guess reiterated that theory on Friday, saying investigators "do not have any conclusive evidence that either of the inmates has left this area," adding that the search involved national and international authorities.
During the news conference, Major Guess suggested the investigation was still wide open, indicating that the last confirmable fact was that Mr. Matt and Mr. Sweat had escaped prison.
But, despite hundreds of tips, thousands of man hours and a $100,000 reward, Major Guess also offered a single, sobering fact.
"There have been no confirmed sightings," he said.
Mr. Matt and Mr. Sweat staged an elaborate escape late last Friday night or early Saturday morning, having cut through the walls of their cell and making a hole in the side of a two-foot steel pipe that ran beneath the prison's walls, through which the men crawled to freedom.
Ms. Mitchell seems an unlikely accomplice: Born Joyce Clookey, she is the daughter of a prominent beef farmer, and is known as Tillie. She was a trusted figure in Dickinson Center, about 60 miles west of the prison, twice elected the village tax collector. At chicken barbecues held by the Dickinson Volunteer Fire Department, where her husband and son volunteer, she was a fixture, chopping vegetables and helping out, said Sharon N. Currier, her neighbor across the street.
How Two Prisoners Escaped From A Maximum Security Prison
See images and maps of the N.Y. prison escape.
In Dickinson Center, Ms. Mitchell lives in a white clapboard house overlooking Deer River. Outside, ceramic frogs and puppies sit in bare flower beds, and the emblem of the United States Air Force hangs from a wind chime, a reference to her son, Tobias Mitchell, who is in his 20s and is enlisted in that branch, according to his web page.
Ms. Mitchell earned $57,697 a year working in the prison's tailor shop. But it was not always thus, Ms. Currier said: At points, Ms. Mitchell was poor enough to qualify for government assistance in paying for child care.
A first marriage, in 1980, to her high school sweetheart, ended in an acrimonious divorce. Ms. Mitchell's former husband, Tobey Premo, said she met her second husband, Mr. Mitchell, while they were still married.
"I always thought she was a beautiful loving person," Mr. Premo said as he tinkered with parts of a feed truck at Norco Farms, in Nicholville, west of Dickinson Center, where he is a laborer. "Then once we were going through the divorce I thought she was heartless."
Still, few people, including Mr. Premo, could come to terms with the allegations facing Ms. Mitchell, or the suggestion that she may have been involved with one of the two escaped inmates.
"Who the hang would fall in love with a prisoner?" said one of Ms. Mitchell's cousins by marriage, who asked that his name not be used for privacy's sake. "That doesn't seem like Tillie."
Ms. Mitchell previously worked in a shoe factory in Malone, N.Y., honing sewing skills she would use in her job at the prison. She started working at the Clinton Correctional Facility in 2008, according to the state comptroller.
Ms. Mitchell's arrest was not the first time that she had been suspected of being too friendly with inmates. Mr. Wylie said Ms. Mitchell had been the subject of an investigation before the escape about whether she had become too close to Mr. Matt and Mr. Sweat.
But, Mr. Wylie said "there wasn't sufficient information to either lock her out of the facility" or have any discipline within the facility levied against her. Still, he added, "action was taken to separate" Ms. Mitchell from one or both of the inmates "for a period of time."
Now, those two men are gone. On Friday, Major Guess said there was "no reason to believe that they're not together," and, as such, he had a warning for both.
"We have a message for David Sweat and Richard Matt," he said. "We're coming for you."


I love brooches. I like the big, important and showy brooches.
I decided to create them from my paintings.
In particular from the paintings now on display in Piacenza at the Bookbank of Sara Marenghi.
You can find them in limited edition in the gadgets section on my site, with the image of the painting from which it was taken.
Do you too love brooches? Do you also love art? Do you like small collections? Then you must have my brooches!


text:
MoroccoUnited StatesUkraineAlgeriaTunisiaFranceGuineaTurkeyCameroonCote d'IvoireIndiaSenegalNigeriaRussiaUnited KingdomNorwayDemocratic Republic of the CongoCanadaGermanyGhanaPakistanEgyptSouth AfricaUnited Arab EmiratesLebanonChinaBelgiumSaudi ArabiaIranBrazilRepublic of the CongoIrelandPolandBeninAzerbaijanBangladeshItalyNetherlandsIsraelQatarSwedenSpainIraqAustraliaKuwaitSwitzerlandRomaniaJordanGabonMalaysiaCzechiaMauritaniaThe GambiaMaliZimbabweTogoPalestinian TerritoryLibyaLithuaniaKenyaTanzaniaBelarusMadagascarNamibiaBurkina FasoComorosJapanSouth KoreaAustriaGeorgiaSingaporeGreeceFinlandHungarySudanPhilippinesZambiaVietnamPortugalDenmarkBulgariaSlovakiaUgandaMexicoNepalIndonesiaAfghanistanAngolaSri LankaEthiopiaTaiwanEcuadorRwandaHong KongOmanMauritiusThailandNigerHaitiCyprusUzbekistanReunionBurundiSerbiaEstoniaJamaicaKazakhstanTurkmenistanArmeniaColombiaNew ZealandMoldovaDjiboutiLatviaLuxembourgLiberiaMaldivesBotswanaBahrainArgentinaPeruSierra LeoneSyriaCroatiaMaltaSomaliaYemenChileMongoliaSloveniaAlbaniaChadGuadeloupeNorth MacedoniaCambodiaBosnia and HerzegovinaMozambiqueCentral African RepublicEswatiniKyrgyzstanEquatorial GuineaPuerto RicoVenezuelaDominican RepublicLaosTrinidad and TobagoNicaraguaMontenegroCosta RicaMalawiFrench GuianaPanamaMartiniqueLesothoThe BahamasGuatemalaBruneiFrench PolynesiaCabo VerdeBoliviaMonacoSouth SudanIcelandBurmaSurinameGuinea-BissauGuyanaMayotteBelizeBarbadosNew CaledoniaTajikistanEl SalvadorSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesCubaKosovoHondurasJerseyMacauUruguayPapua New GuineaFaroe IslandsAntigua and BarbudaBermudaParaguaySint MaartenCuracaoAndorraTongaBritish Indian Ocean TerritorySeychellesIsle of ManSaint LuciaTurks and Caicos IslandsEritreaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint Pierre and MiquelonBritish Virgin IslandsVatican City
Chad Population: 15,833,116
Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare, as well as invasions by Libya, before peace was restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and insurgents. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant insurrection in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. In late 2015, the government imposed a state of emergency in the Lake Chad region following multiple attacks by the terrorist group Boko Haram throughout the year; Boko Haram also launched several bombings in N'Djamena in mid-2015. DEBY in 2016 was reelected to his fifth term in an election that was peaceful but flawed. In December 2015, Chad completed a two-year rotation on the UN Security Council. In January 2017, DEBY completed a one-year term as Chairperson of the African Union Assembly.
Chad is the largest of Africa's 16 landlocked countries
not long ago - geologically speaking - what is today the Sahara was green savannah teeming with wildlife; during the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, a vibrant animal community, including elephants, giraffes, hippos, and antelope lived there; the last remnant of the "Green Sahara" exists in the Lakes of Ounianga (oo-nee-ahn-ga) in northern Chad, a series of 18 interconnected freshwater, saline, and hypersaline lakes now protected as a World Heritage site
Lake Chad, the most significant water body in the Sahel, is a remnant of a former inland sea, paleolake Mega-Chad; at its greatest extent, sometime before 5000 B.C., Lake Mega-Chad was the largest of four Saharan paleolakes that existed during the African Humid Period; it covered an area of about 400,000 sq km (150,000 sq mi), roughly the size of today's Caspian Sea
Location: Central Africa, south of Libya
Area: total: 1.284 million sq km
land: 1,259,200 sq km
Size comparison: almost nine times the size of New York state; slightly more than three times the size of California
Land Boundaries: total: 6,406 km border countries (6): Cameroon 1116 km, Central African Republic 1556 km, Libya 1050 km, Niger 1196 km, Nigeria 85 km, Sudan 1403 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: tropical in south, desert in north
Terrain: broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
Natural resources: petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt
permanent crops: 0% (2011 est.) permanent pasture: 35.7% (2011 est.) forest: 9.1% (2011 est.)
Natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
Current Environment Issues: inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas and poor farming practices contribute to soil and water pollution; desertification
International Environment Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Nationality: noun: Chadian(s)
adjective: Chadian
Ethnic groups: Sara (Ngambaye/Sara/Madjingaye/Mbaye) 30.5%, Kanembu/Bornu/Buduma 9.8%, Arab 9.7%, Wadai/Maba/Masalit/Mimi 7%, Gorane 5.8%, Masa/Musseye/Musgum 4.9%, Bulala/Medogo/Kuka 3.7%, Marba/Lele/Mesme 3.5%, Mundang 2.7%, Bidiyo/Migaama/Kenga/Dangleat 2.5%, Dadjo/Kibet/Muro 2.4%, Tupuri/Kera 2%, Gabri/Kabalaye/Nanchere/Somrai 2%, Fulani/Fulbe/Bodore 1.8%, Karo/Zime/Peve 1.3%, Baguirmi/Barma 1.2%, Zaghawa/Bideyat/Kobe 1.1%, Tama/Assongori/Mararit 1.1%, Mesmedje/Massalat/Kadjakse 0.8%, other Chadian ethnicities 3.4%, Chadians of foreign ethnicities 0.9%, foreign nationals 0.3%, unspecified 1.7% (2014-15 est.)
Languages: French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
Religions: Muslim 52.1%, Protestant 23.9%, Roman Catholic 20%, animist 0.3%, other Christian 0.2%, none 2.8%, unspecified 0.7% (2014-15 est.)
65 years and over: 2.39% (male 164,257 /female 214,754) (2018 est.)
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 100.2 (2015 est.)
Birth rate: 43 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 1.323 million N'DJAMENA (capital) (2018)
55-64 years: 0.8 male(s)/female
Mother's mean age at first birth: 17.9 years (2014/15 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 25-29
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 5.7% (2014/15)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic (2016 est.)
female: 14% (2016 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 8 years male: 9 years female: 6 years (2014)
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Chad
conventional short form: Chad
local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad
local short form: Tchad/Tshad
etymology: named for Lake Chad, which lies along the country's western border; the word "tsade" means "large body of water" or "lake" in several local native languages note: the only country whose name is composed of a single syllable with a single vowel
Capital: name: N'Djamena
etymology: name taken from the Arab name of a nearby village, Nijamina, meaning "place of rest"
Administrative divisions: 23 regions (regions, singular - region); Barh el Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi-Est, Ennedi-Ouest, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira
Independence: 11 August 1960 (from France)
National holiday: Independence Day, 11 August (1960)
Constitution: history: several previous; latest approved 30 April 2018 by the National Assembly, entered into force 4 May 2018 amendments: proposed as a revision by the president of the republic after a Council of Ministers (cabinet) decision or by the National Assembly; approval for consideration of a revision requires at least three-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires approval by referendum or at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; amended 2005, 2013 (2018)
Legal system: mixed legal system of civil and customary law
Executive branch: chief of state: President Idriss DEBY Itno, Lt. Gen. (since 4 December 1990)
head of government: President Idriss DEBY Itno, Lt. Gen. (since 4 December 1990); prime minister position eliminated under the 2018 constitution
cabinet: Council of Ministers elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 10 April 2016 (next to be held in April 2021)
election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (MPS) 61.6%, Saleh KEBZABO (UNDR) 12.8%, Laokein Kourayo MEDAR (CTPD) 10.7%, Djimrangar DADNADJI (CAP-SUR) 5.1%, other 9.8%
Legislative branch: description: unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; 163 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 25 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 4-year terms)
elections: last held on 13 February and 6 May 2011 (next to be held NA)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 117, UNDR 10, RDP 9, RNDT/Le Reveil 8, URD 8, Viva-RNDP 5, FAR 4, CTPD 2, PDSA 2, PUR 2, UDR 2, other 19; composition - men 164, women 24, percent of women 12.8% note: the National Assembly mandate was extended to 2019, reportedly due to a lack of funding for the scheduled 2015 election
Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 3 chamber presidents, and 12 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges - 2 appointed by the president and 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly; jurists - 3 each by the president and by the speaker of the National Assembly; judges appointed for 9-year terms
subordinate courts: High Court of Justice; Courts of Appeal; tribunals; justices of the peace
Political parties and leaders: Chadian Convention for Peace and Development or CTPD [Laoukein Kourayo MEDAR] Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR] Framework of Popular Action for Solidarity and Unity of the Republic or CAP-SUR [Joseph Djimrangar DADNADJI] National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Dr. Nouradine Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE] National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO] Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ahmat ALHABO] Party for Unity and Reconciliation Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Idriss DEBY] Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Mahamat Allahou TAHER]RNDT/Le Reveil [Albert Pahimi PADACKE] Social Democratic Party for a Change-over of Power or PDSA [Malloum YOBODA] Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Felix Romadoumngar NIALBE]
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
National symbol(s): goat (north), lion (south);
national colors: blue, yellow, red
National anthem: name: "La Tchadienne" (The Chadian)
lyrics/music: Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD
note: adopted 1960
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Ngote Gali KOUTOU (since 22 June 2018)
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Richard K. BELL (since September 2018)
embassy: Chagoua Round Point, BP 413, N'Djamena
mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena
telephone: [235] 2251-5017
FAX: [235] 2253-9102
Chad's landlocked location results in high transportation costs for imported goods and dependence on neighboring countries. Oil and agriculture are mainstays of Chad's economy. Oil provides about 60% of export revenues, while cotton, cattle, livestock, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings. The services sector contributes less than one-third of GDP and has attracted foreign investment mostly through telecommunications and banking. Nearly all of Chad's fuel is provided by one domestic refinery, and unanticipated shutdowns occasionally result in shortages. The country regulates the price of domestic fuel, providing an incentive for black market sales. Although high oil prices and strong local harvests supported the economy in the past, low oil prices now stress Chad's fiscal position and have resulted in significant government cutbacks. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most of its public and private sector investment. Investment in Chad is difficult due to its limited infrastructure, lack of trained workers, extensive government bureaucracy, and corruption. Chad obtained a three-year extended credit facility from the IMF in 2014 and was granted debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative in April 2015. In 2018, economic policy will be driven by efforts that started in 2016 to reverse the recession and to repair damage to public finances and exports. The government is implementing an emergency action plan to counterbalance the drop in oil revenue and to diversify the economy. Chad's national development plan (NDP) cost just over $9 billion with a financing gap of $6.7 billion. The NDP emphasized the importance of private sector participation in Chad's development, as well as the need to improve the business environment, particularly in priority sectors such as mining and agriculture. The Government of Chad reached a deal with Glencore and four other banks on the restructuring of a $1.45 billion oil-backed loan in February 2018, after a long negotiation. The new terms include an extension of the maturity to 2030 from 2022, a two-year grace period on principal repayments, and a lower interest rate of the London Inter-bank Offer Rate (Libor) plus 2% - down from Libor plus 7.5%. The original Glencore loan was to be repaid with crude oil assets, however, Chad's oil sales were hit by the downturn in the price of oil. Chad had secured a $312 million credit from the IMF in June 2017, but release of those funds hinged on restructuring the Glencore debt. Chad had already cut public spending to try to meet the terms of the IMF program, but that prompted strikes and protests in a country where nearly 40% of the population lives below the poverty line. Multinational partners, such as the African Development Bank, the EU, and the World Bank are likely to continue budget support in 2018, but Chad will remain at high debt risk, given its dependence on oil revenue and pressure to spend on subsidies and security.
GDP (purchasing power parity): $28.62 billion (2017 est.) $29.55 billion (2016 est.) $31.58 billion (2015 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $9.872 billion (2017 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: -3.1% (2017 est.) -6.4% (2016 est.) 1.8% (2015 est.)
Gross national saving: 15.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 7.5% of GDP (2016 est.) 13.3% of GDP (2015 est.) GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 75.1% (2017 est.) government consumption: 4.4% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 24.1% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 0.7% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 35.1% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -39.4% (2017 est.) GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 52.3% (2017 est.) industry: 14.7% (2017 est.) services: 33.1% (2017 est.)
Agriculture - products: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, sesame, corn, rice, potatoes, onions, cassava (manioc, tapioca), cattle, sheep, goats, camels
Industries: oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 80%
Unemployment rate: n/a
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 43.3 (2011 est.)
expenditures: 1.481 billion (2017 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.9% (2017 est.) -1.1% (2016 est.)
Current account balance: -$558 million (2017 est.) -$926 million (2016 est.)
Exports: $2.464 billion (2017 est.) $2.187 billion (2016 est.)
Exports - commodities: oil, livestock, cotton, sesame, gum arabic, shea butter
Exports - partners: US 38.7%, China 16.6%, Netherlands 15.7%, UAE 12.2%, India 6.3% (2017)
Imports: $2.16 billion (2017 est.) $1.997 billion (2016 est.)
Imports - commodities: machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners: China 19.9%, Cameroon 17.2%, France 17%, US 5.4%, India 4.9%, Senegal 4.5% (2017)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $22.9 million (31 December 2017 est.) $20.92 million (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt - external: $1.724 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.281 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $4.5 billion (2006 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: n/a
Market value of publicly traded shares: n/a
Exchange rates: Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - 605.3 (2017 est.) 593.01 (2016 est.) 593.01 (2015 est.) 591.45 (2014 est.) 494.42 (2013 est.)
Electricity - production: 224.3 million kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 208.6 million kWh (2016 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity: 48,200 kW (2016 est.)
Crude oil - proved reserves: 1.5 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption: 2,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 2,285 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 0 cu m (2017 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy: 342,200 Mt (2017 est.)
Cellular Phones in use: total subscriptions: 6,231,009
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 52 (July 2016 est.)
Telephone system: general assessment: inadequate system of radio telephone communication stations with high maintenance costs and low telephone density; Chad remains one of the least developed on the African continent, telecom infrastructure is particularly low, with penetration rates in all sectors - fixed, mobile and Internet -well below African averages (2018)
domestic: fixed-line connections less than 1 per 100 persons, with mobile-cellular subscribership base of about 52 per 100 persons (2018)
international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Broadcast media: 1 state-owned TV station; 2 privately-owned TV stations; state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations; over 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2017)
Internet country code: .td
Internet users: total: 592,623
percent of population: 5% (July 2016 est.)
under 914 m: 1 (2017)
Pipelines: 582 km oil (2013)
note: consists of 25,000 km of national and regional roads and 15,000 km of local roads; 206 km of urban roads are paved
Waterways: (Chari and Legone Rivers are navigable only in wet season) (2012)
Military branches: Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT): Ground Forces (l'Armee de Terre, AdT), Chadian Air Force (l'Armee de l'Air Tchadienne, AAT), National Gendarmerie, National and Nomadic Guard of Chad (GNNT) (2013)
Military service age and obligation: 20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age 21; while provisions for military service have not been repealed, they have never been fully implemented (2015)
Disputes - International: since 2003, ad hoc armed militia groups and the Sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of Darfur residents into Chad; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 343,591 (Sudan), 103,562 (Central African Republic), 15,999 (Nigeria) (2019) IDPs: 133,338 (majority are in the east) (2019)
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text:
DENNIK N
THE SLOVAK SPECTATOR
ZUZANA PALOVIC/BOOKS
slovakia the legend of the linden (MARCH 2018)
This book takes you on an emotional journey deep into the Slovak and Slavic inner world. Follow the trail that opens your eyes to the magical realm guarded by the Linden tree and its sacred heart-shaped leaf. It is a code that carries the story of the people born at the crossroads of worlds.
Book Website
the legend of the linden Youtube videos
THE GREAT RETURN (APRIL 2018)
In the beginning of the 21st century, Europe opened its borders to the countries from behind the Iron Curtain. Since then, over 100 million citizens, including Slovaks gained the freedom to move West without a visa. Now, a decade after the East-West exodus, our pioneers are returning home.
Telling the stories of international Slovaks who left, learned and returned, 58 voices including government, business and society share their views on the transformation of a nation. The 59th voice is that of the author, who reveals a personal tale of loss, lessons and reconnection through a rite of passage shared by millions of people across the planet.
Time-travellers to culture shifters, Slovakia's lost daughters and sons come home, proving that return is not just a possibility, but and opportunity.
the great return Youtube videos
Slovakia: Life on the Iron Curtain (August, 2018)
Take a journey into the borderland of the Red Empire, during an ideological battle that saw the world ripped in half. Dare to step into communist Slovakia where the controlled East' and the free 'West' converged at their closest. This is a story of ordinary people caught up in the midst of the 20th century's greatest political experiment. Through tales only told in whispers, glimpse into the everyday reality of those whose entire universe was ruled by the Hammer and the Sickle.
Global Slovakia
The Legend on the Linden
Legenda Lipy
website desiign:: resonatingspirit.net


text:
About the AES
AES Silver Medal Award
Kunimaro Tanaka
The AES recognizes and honors those who have made outstanding contributions to the field of audio in engineering, technology, service, and the arts through its Awards Program.
In 1998, Kunimaro Tanaka was presented with the AES Silver Medal Award for pioneering contribution to digital multitrack recording.
Other AES Awards
1984: Fellowship Award
More Information About AES Awards
Return to AES Awards Home Page


text:
Free E-book published by the Whipple Museum: Anita McConnell, "A Survey of the Networks Bringing a Knowledge of Optical Glass-Working to the London Trade, 1500-1800"
Publication of a free E-book Anita McConnell's research monograph, A Survey of the Networks Bringing a Knowledge of Optical Glass-Working to the London Trade, 1500-1800.
Originally completed in 1997, this work had long been recognized by colleagues as an important account of optical glass-making technique, but access had been limited to those few who had seen the small number of privately printed copies in circulation. Working with Anita, the monograph has been revised, illustrated, and edited by Jenny Bulstrode, currently a doctoral candidate in the Cambridge Department of History and Philosophy of Science.
We are delighted to be able to make this important work widely available for the first time, as a free pdf download from the 'Explore' section of our website:
http://www.sites.hps.cam.ac.uk/whipple/explore/astronomy/glassmonograph/
For those who would prefer a physical copy of the book, a very limited print run has been produced, and copies may be purchased online for £10 plus shipping:
http://onlinesales.admin.cam.ac.uk/product-catalogue/products/schools-faculties-departments-and-institutions/history-and-philosophy-of-science/whipple-museum/a-survey-of-the-networks-bringing-a-knowledge-of-optical-glassworking-to-the-london-trade
The work is dedicated to the memory of Anita herself, who passed away a year ago today at the age of 80.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Tony Thomas presented us with a challenge in setting up this workshop---to make
the
connection between quark and hadronic degrees of freedom.
I have accepted this challenge and will go even further by attempting to make
contact between the {\it physics} of Tony Thomas and that of Ulf Meissner!
My point of contact will be the study of low energy baryon phyics, studied a
number
of years ago by Tony and his collaborators in the context of the cloudy bag
model
and examined in recent years by Ulf and his collaborators using the technique
of
chiral perturbation theory.

Let's begin with some simple baryon phenomenology which was studied in the
1960's
via the quark model, but which has now been updated via SU(3) chiral
perturbative
studies.  In each case the simple quark model picture is reasonably successful
but
the addition of chiral loops, which are supposed to be essentially model
independent,
destroys experimental agreement:

\begin{itemize}
\item [i)] Baryon masses, wherein the Gell-Mann-Okubo relation obtains
at first order in quark mass and is well satisfield experimentally.
Chiral loops, however, make significant---{\cal
O}(50-100\%)---corrections to individual masses.\cite{1}

\item [ii)] Semileptonic hyperon decay, wherein a simple SU(3)
representation of the axial couplings in terms of F,D couplings yields
an excellent fit to experiment.  Chiral loops make {\cal O}(30-50\%)
corrections to individual couplings and destroy this agreement.\cite{2}

\item [iii)] Nonleptonic hyperon decay, wherein a basic SU(3) fit to
s-wave amplitudes provides an excellent representation of the
experimental numbers in terms of f,d couplings.  Chiral loops make
{\cal O}(30-50\%) corrections to individual terms and destroy this
agreement.  (The situation is somewhat more confused in the case of the
p-waves wherein a significant cancellation between pole terms exists
at lowest order and the validity of the chiral expansion is suspect.\cite{3})

\item [iv)] Magnetic moments, wherein an SU(3) representation (especially with
the strange quark mass accounted for) provides a reasonable fit to measured
quantities, but where loop corrections make {\cal O}(50-90\%) corrections,
which
invalidate the goodness of fit.\cite{4}
\end{itemize}
Of course, the disagreement brought about by such loop modifications can be
eliminated by contributions from yet higher order terms in the chiral
expansion.
However, this gives one concern about the convergence properties of the series.
Thus I would answer the question raised in my title---yes it is an effective
field
theory but it is not an {\it effective} field theory!

Below we shall make the case that this problem can be solved by using a cutoff
regularization in order to calculate chiral corrections rather than the
conventional
dimensional regularization.  The important point here is that a significant
component
of the loop correction arises from meson propagation over distances small
compared
to the $\sim$ 1 fm size of a typical baryon.  This piece is not only large but
is
model dependent and unphysical---the representation of the physics in terms of
point particles misrepresents the short distance physics.  We shall develop a
procedure whereby only the---model independent---long distance component is
retained
and will show how this resolves the problem with respect to the convergence of
the
chiral expansion.

In the next section we shall make a somewhat detailed analysis of the problem
of
baryon mass renormalization, and then in section III we will extend our
discussion
to include the other aspects of low energy baryon physics referred to above.  A
short summary appears in a concluding section IV.

\section{Baryon Mass}

An example of the difficulties of baryon chiral perturbation
theory is provided by the analysis of baryon masses. Such masses
have an expansion in the masses of the quarks ($m_{q}$),
or equivalently in terms of the pseudoscalar meson masses ($m_{M}$)
\begin{eqnarray}
M_B & = & M_0 + \Sigma_q ~\bar{b}_q m_{q} + \Sigma_q ~\bar{c}_q m_{q}^{3/2}
 + \Sigma_q ~\bar{d}_q m_{q}^2 + ...  \\
 & = & M_0 + \Sigma_M ~{b}_M m_{M}^2 + \Sigma_M ~{c}_M m_{M}^{3}
 + \Sigma_M ~{d}_M m_{M}^4 + ...
\end{eqnarray}
\noindent Here $M_0$ is a common mass and $b_M$ and $d_M$ contain adustable
parameters representing terms in the effective Lagrangian. However,
the non-analytic $m_q^{3/2}$ terms come from loop diagrams, and
the coefficients are not adjustable---they are given in terms of
the baryon-meson coupling constants. The leading SU(3) breaking
terms involving $b_M$ go back to Gell-Mann and Okubo\cite{5}, the non-analytic
corrections from one-loop diagrams, represented above by $c_M$,
were first calculated by Langacker and Pagels\cite{6}, and the complete
$m_M^4$ corrections (including diagrams up to two loops) were
calculated by Borasoy and Meissner\cite{1}. The convergence difficulties
in the expansion are demonstrated by the resulting fit for the
nucleon mass where, in the same sequence, the different
contributions are given, in GeV, by\cite{1}
\begin{equation}
M_N = 0.711 + 0.202 - 0.272 + 0.298+\ldots
\end{equation}
or, more dramatically for the $\Xi$,
\begin{equation}
M_\Xi = 0.767 +0.844  - 0.890 + 0.600+\ldots
\end{equation}
\noindent The non-analytic terms appear unavoidably large and the
expansion has certainly not converged at this order. The
final fit also violates the Gell-Mann-Okubo relation by an amount that
is five times larger than the experimentally observed value.

To one-loop order, the explicit form of the contributions to
the baryon masses is given by\cite{7}
\begin{eqnarray}
M_N & = & {\hat M}_0 - 4m_K^2 b_D + 4(m_K^2 - m_\pi^2) b_F + L_N  \nonumber\\
M_\Lambda & = &  {\hat M}_0-{4 \over 3}(4 m_K^2 - m_\pi^2) b_D +
L_\Lambda \nonumber\\
M_\Sigma & = &  {\hat M}_0 - 4 m_\pi^2 b_D + L_\Sigma \nonumber\\
M_\Xi & = &  {\hat M}_0 - 4m_K^2 b_D - 4(m_K^2 - m_\pi^2) b_F + L_\Xi
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{equation}
 {\hat M}_0 = M_0 - 2(2 m_K^2 + m_\pi^2) b_0
\end{equation}
with $M_0$, $b_D$, $b_F$ and $b_0$ as free parameters. (Note that
$M_0$ and $b_0$ do not have separate effects, but only enter in the
combination ${\hat M}_0$.) The ingredients $L_B$ contain the
nonanalytic contributions from loop diagrams, and have the form
\begin{equation}
L_i=-{1\over 24\pi F_\pi^2}\sum_j\kappa^j_im_j^3
\end{equation}
where $\kappa_i^j$ are given in terms of the $D$ and $F$ baryon axial-vector
couplings
in ref. 1.
These non-analytic terms are quite large, having values
\begin{eqnarray}
L_N & = & -0.31 ~GeV, \nonumber\\
L_\Lambda & = & -0.66 ~GeV, \nonumber\\
L_\Sigma & = & -0.67 ~GeV, \nonumber\\
L_\Xi & = & -1.02 ~GeV.
\end{eqnarray}
using $D = 0.806$, $F = 0.46$ and $F_\pi = 93$MeV.
In particular, the $\Xi$ mass shift is
clearly unphysically large.
It is not possible to obtain a reasonably convergent
fit to the masses with such large non-analytic terms to this order.

\subsection{Cutoff Regularization}

The mass analysis is especially simple in the heavy baryon
formalism\cite{8,9,10}
using dimensional regularization---all of the mass
shifts are proportional to a single integral
\begin{equation}
\int {d^4k \over (2\pi)^4} {k_ik_j \over (k_0 - i \epsilon)
(k^2 - m_P^2+i\epsilon ) }=-i\delta_{ij}{I(m_P^2)\over 24\pi}\quad{\rm with}
I(m_P^2)=m_P^3\label{eq:aa}
\end{equation}
where $m_P$ is the mass of the Goldstone boson that is involved in the loop.
Here we note a peculiarity of dimsional regulariztion---although the integral
appears
cubically divergent by power counting arguments, the dimensionally regularized
result
is finite.  There us also the disturbing feature that while the long-distance
pion
exchange component is most model-independent and believable, Eq. \ref{eq:aa}
emphasizes the contributions from the short distance $K$ and $\eta$ exchange by
a
factor of nearly 30!  It is this feature which is responsible for the large
loop
corrections and the consequent problems with SU(3) chiral convergence.  This
problem
can be solved by use of a regularization scheme which eliminates the large and
model-dependent short distance effects.  What one needs is to multiply the
relevant loop integrals by a function which is unity for long
distance propagation (small loop momenta) but which vanishes for short distance
(large loop momenta).  The precise form of this function is unimportant, only
that it is present.\footnote{There exist a few subtleties concerning the
maintainance of various symmetries such as chiral invariance within a cutoff
regularization.  However, one can deal with these problems by the addition of
appropriate noncovariant terms to the perturbation expansion.\cite{wein}}  For
the purposes of
this paper, we shall employ a dipole cutoff
which, when included in the integration in Eq. \ref{eq:aa}, yields
\begin{eqnarray}
\bar{I}(m_P^2) &=&-8\pi i
\int {d^4k \over (2\pi)^4} {{\bf k \cdot k} \over (k_0 - i \epsilon)
(k^2 - m_P^2+i\epsilon ) }\left(\Lambda^2\over
\Lambda^2-k^2\right)^2\nonumber\\
&=& \left[{\Lambda^4\over
(\Lambda^2-m_P^2)^2}(m_P^3-\Lambda^3)
+{3\over 2}{\Lambda^5\over \Lambda^2-m_P^2}\right]
\end{eqnarray}
In Table 1 is shown the size of this integral for various cutoff values of
order
inverse baryon size.  Note that unlike the case of dimensional regularization,
the
(long distance) pion contribution is now emphasized, as we desire.
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\caption{Given are numerical values of the integral $I(m_P^2)$
(Eq. \ref{eq:aa}) in
GeV$^3$ for various values of the cutoff $\Lambda$ given in MeV.}
\begin{tabular}{|cccccc|}
\hline
 &dim.&$\Lambda=300$&$\Lambda=400$&$\Lambda=500$&$\Lambda=600$\\
${\bar I}_\pi$&0.0025&0.0061&0.0157&0.0320&0.0567\\
${\bar I}_K$&0.1213&0.0024&0.0077&0.0183&0.0363\\
${\bar I}_\eta$&0.1815&0.0020&0.0069&0.0163&0.0329\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
For baryon
masses, the previous formulae are unchanged except for the
substitution $m_P^3\rightarrow \bar{I}(m_P^2)$, and in Table 2 we list the
resulting loop corrections
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\caption{Given (in GeV) are the nonanalytic contributions to baryon
masses in dimensional regularization and for various values of the
cutoff parameter $\Lambda$ in MeV.}
\begin{tabular}{|cccccc|}
\hline
 &dim. &$\Lambda=300$&$\Lambda=400$&$\Lambda=500$&$\Lambda=600$\\
$N$&-0.31&-0.04&-0.11&-0.22&-0.40\\
$\Sigma$&-0.67&-0.03&-0.08&-0.18&-0.34\\
$\Lambda$&-0.66&-0.03&-0.08&-0.18&-0.34\\
$\Xi$&-1.02&-0.02&-0.06&-0.15&-0.29\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Obviously, there are no longer any large SU(3) violating loop pieces and the
chiral expansion is now under control.

That we have not altered the chiral invariance via this procedure can by
examining the
form of the one loop contribution in the limit $\Lambda >> m_P$
\begin{equation}
\delta M_i=-{1\over 24\pi F_\pi^2}\sum_j({1\over 2}\Lambda^3-{1\over
2}\Lambda m_j^2+m_j^3+\ldots)
\end{equation}
Obviously the term in $m_j^3 $ is
identical to that arising in conventional dimensional regularization,
but more interesting are the contributions proportional to
$\Lambda^3$ and to $\Lambda m_P^2$.  The piece cubic in $\Lambda$ has the form
\begin{equation}
\delta M_i^{\Lambda^3}=-{\Lambda^2\over 48\pi
F_\pi^2}\sum_j\kappa_i^j
\end{equation}
and is independent of baryon type---it may be absorbed into a
renormalization of $M_0$---
\begin{equation}
M_0^r=M_0-(5d_A^2+9f_A^2){\Lambda^3\over 48\pi F_\pi^2}
\end{equation}
On the other hand the terms linear in $\Lambda$
\begin{equation}
\delta M_i^{\Lambda}={\Lambda\over 48\pi F_\pi^2}\sum_j\kappa_i^jm_j^2
\end{equation}
must be able to be absorbed into renormalizations of the coefficients
involving $m_q$, and indeed this is found to be the case---one
verifies that\cite{DH}
\begin{eqnarray}
d_m^r&=&=d_m-{3f_A^2-d_A^2\over 128\pi F_\pi^2}\Lambda\nonumber\\
f_m^r&=&f_m-{5d_Af_A\over 192\pi F_\pi^2}\Lambda\nonumber\\
b_0^r&=&b_0-{13d_A^2+9f_A^2\over 576\pi F_\pi^2}\Lambda
\end{eqnarray}
That this renormalization can occur involves a highly constrained set
of conditions and the fact that they are satisfied is a significant
verification of the chiral invariance of the cutoff procedure.  Of
course, once one has defined renormalized coefficients, since they are
merely phenomenological parameters which must be determined empirically,
the procedure is identical to the results of the usual dimensionally
regularized technique when the masses are smaller than the cutoff.

\section{Additional Applications}

Having seen how to perform the long-distance regularization in the case of the
mass
renormailization, it is now straightforward to carry through a similar analyis
in the
other cases of low energy baryon phenomenology mentioned above.\cite{DHB}
In the case of
the axial couplings and the S-wave hyperon decay the relevant heavy baryon
integral
is of the form
 \begin{equation}
\int{d^4k\over (2\pi)^4}{k_ik_j\over
(k_0-i\epsilon)^2(k^2-m^2+i\epsilon)}=-i\delta_{ij}{J(m^2)\over 16\pi^2}
\end{equation}
In dimensional regularization the integral has the value
\begin{equation}
J_{dim-reg}(m^2) = m^2 \ln {m^2\over \mu^2}
\end{equation}
while the cutoff version is given by
\begin{equation}
\int{d^4k\over (2\pi)^4}{k_ik_j\over
(k_0-i\epsilon)^2(k^2-m^2+i\epsilon)}({\Lambda^2\over
\Lambda^2-k^2})^2=-i\delta_{ij}{J_\Lambda (m^2)\over 16\pi^2}.
\end{equation}
Here
\begin{equation}
J_\Lambda (m^2)={\Lambda^4m^2\over (\Lambda^2-m^2)^2}\ln {m^2\over
\Lambda^2}+{\Lambda^4\over \Lambda^2-m^2}
\end{equation}
and has the form $m^2\ln m^2$ in dimensional regularization.  However, using
long
distance regularization the short distance effects are under control and the
$\sim
(50\%)$ corrections from loop diagrams are reduced substantially, allowing
agreement
with experimental findings to be reproduced without large next order
counterterms.
For both axial couplings and hyperon decay it can be verified that chiral
invariance
is maintained in the limit that $m_p^2 << \Lambda^2$ via the renormalizations

\begin{eqnarray}
d_A^r&=&d_A-{3\over 2}d_A(3d_A^2+5f_A^2+1){\Lambda^2\over 16\pi^2
F_\pi^2}\nonumber\\
f_A^r&=&f_A-{1\over 6}f_A(25d_A^2+63f_A^2+9){\Lambda^2\over 16\pi^2 F_\pi^2}
\end{eqnarray}
for $f,d$ axial couplings and

\begin{eqnarray}
d_w^r&=&d_w-{1\over
2}[d_w(1+13d_A^2+9f_A^2)+18f_wd_Af_A]{\Lambda^2\over 16\pi^2
F_\pi^2}\nonumber\\
f_w^r&=&f_w-{1\over
2}[f_w(1+5d_A^2+9f_A^2)+10d_wd_Af_A]{\Lambda^2\over 16\pi^2 F_\pi^2}
\end{eqnarray}
in the case of hyperon decays.  Likewise one can verify that the fit to
semileptonic
and to nonleptonic hyperon decay amplitudes is quite satisfactory and that
agreement
with the Lee-Sugawara relation is restored for the latter.

Finally, in the case of the magnetic moments, the relevant heavy quark integral
is
\begin{equation}
\int{d^4k\over (2\pi)^4}{k_ik_j\over
(k_0-i\epsilon)(k^2-m^2+i\epsilon)^2}=
-i\delta_{ij}{K(m^2)\over 16\pi}
\end{equation}
The dimensionally regularized form is given by $K_{dim-reg}(m^2) = m$.
Once again, the integral shows no sign of its true linear divergence, and
grows at large values of $m$, indicating short distance dominance at
large $m$.  The use of the dipole cutoff yields
\begin{equation}
K(m^2)= -{1\over3} \Lambda^4 \frac{1}{(\Lambda + m )^3} \quad ,
\end{equation}
In this case use of the long-distance regularized version of the loop integral
also restores agreement between the experimental magnetic moments and their
one-loop
corrected values and chiral invariance is maintained in the case $m_P^2 <<
\Lambda^2$
via the renormalizations of the lowest order
parameters $f_\mu,d_\mu$ via
\begin{eqnarray}
d_\mu^r&=&d_\mu+{M_0\Lambda\over 4\pi F_\pi^2}d_Af_A\nonumber\\
f_\mu^r&=&f_\mu+{M_0\Lambda\over 24\pi F_\pi^2}({5\over 3}d_A^2+3f_A^2)
\end{eqnarray}
Thus in each case we are able include chiral loop corrections without
destroying either
chiral invariance {\it or} experimental agreement.

\section{Conclusions}
We have argued that a significant component of the poor convergence
seen in previous calculations in
SU(3) baryon chiral perturbation theory is due to the inclusion of
large and spurious short-distance contributions when loop processes
are regularized dimensionally. The use of a momentum space cutoff
keeps only the long distance portion of the loops and leads to a
greatly improved behavior.  Indeed although we have formulated our discussion
in terms of merely a different sort of regularization procedure, it is
interesting to note that our results are quite consistent with the sort
of SU(3) breaking effects found in chiral confinement models such as
the cloudy bag, when the effects of kaon and/or eta loops is
isolated.\cite{ClB}

One might ask why baryon chiral perturbation theory has this problem
while mesonic chiral theories do not. (Most applications in mesons
work perfectly well using dimensional regularization.) At first sight
one might argue that the separation scale in baryons corresponds to
lower energies because the physical size of baryons is larger than
mesons. While this is a true statement, it does not really answer
the question, since the baryon problem surfaces entirely within
the point particle theory. For some reason, given the same meson
masses, the loop corrections are larger in the baryonic point particle
theory compared to a mesonic point particle theory. This feature can
perhaps be blamed on the baryon propagator in the loop integral which,
being linear in the momentum, suppresses high momentum contributions
less than a corresponding quadratic mesonic propagator. However, the
existence of the problem is beyond doubt, given the troubles discussed
in the introduction. Fortunately, we do not as a consequence have to
abandon all such chiral calculations---a revised regularization scheme
seems capable of resolving the dilemma.

The simplicity that underlies baryon physics is more evident when
chiral loops are calculated with a long-distance regularization. In this
context, we hope that baryon chiral perturbation theory will become more
phenomenologically useful.
\section*{Acknowledgments}
It is a pleasure to acknowledge support of the Alexander von
Humboldt Foundation as well
as the warm hospitality of the Institut f\"{u}r Kernphysik at Forchungszentrum
J\"{u}lich.  This work was also supported in part by the National Science
Foundation.

\section*{References}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Today I'm sharing one last new release product that I haven't shared yet, the Hugs Word die set.
I started with the background. I used the stripes in the Cozy Plaid stamp set (includes the buffalo plaid background stamp in it) to create the stripes on pink cardstock. I stamped them with VersaMark ink. I then created a frame for the mug with one of the Stitched Mats: Rectangles dies. I die cut the mug & steam with Coffee Talk 2 dies. I stamped the cute fawn with the Comfy Cocoa stamp set and added the peppermint that was also stamped from the same stamp set and die cut with the Comfy Cocoa dies. Isn't that deer so adorable??? Love it! The hugs was die cut with the Hugs Word die set and then I stamped the green hugs on top and added the sentiment from the Cozy Plaid stamp set.
Here's a closeup of some of the card elements. I added some glitter with a glitter pen to the peppermint and the heart steam.


necessary health services under one roof.
This center is recognized as a Patient Center Medical Home, which means it is not simply a place, but a model of the organization of primary care that delivers the core functions of primary health care. As a PCMH recognized medical home, our CHC encompasses the following functions and attributes: Comprehensive Care, Patient-Centered, Coordinated Care, Accessible Services, Quality and Safety.


I provide Automotive and Commercial photography services.
To learn more about pricing, the processes I follow or availability please complete the below form.
I will come back to you as soon as possible. I look forward to speaking with you soon!


From technology to people, from relationships to reports, from customer to vendor, we've got your back.
We know that every part of your company is linked together. The customers drive new vendor relationships, which drives new software implementations, which drives new training, which gets you more customers. Streamline is here to work with you through the process. We can see your bigger picture.
We proudly support: ResWare, RamQuest, SoftPro and E-Closing.
On-site or remote we offer the most comprehensive training in the industry, fully customized to align with your business practice and workflow.
Sometimes you need a voice to be heard. We will listen, communicate your needs, and help resolve your issues. No more work-a-rounds!
Liaison between you and your software providers, IT services, and 3rd party vendors.


text:
Q: Exposing contracts via a WCF service How does one expose the Operation contracts of a self hosting .Net WCF service over the internet?
I'm using basichttpbinding and wshttpbinding.

Expansion of Question for Edit:
I do have that in my app.config file (see edit), but am confused as to how would another outside service know what endpoint address to connect to? *There is no url for them to put into a browser and see what operation contracts are exposed via my web service.*
Wouldn't I have to put a url inside the endpoint address=""? If I'm self hosting the service (meaning not implemented in IIS which it doesn't need to be), where would I put the url for an outside service to see?
Please explain more to clear this up....
<system.serviceModel>
    <client />
    <services>
      <service name="Ryder.ShopProcessService.SOA.ShopProcessService">
        <!--<endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Ryder.ShopProcessService.SOA.IShopProcessService" bindingConfiguration="WsHttpBinding_IShopProcessService">
          <identity>
            <servicePrincipalName value="host/CNU348CHGD.corp.ryder.com" />
          </identity>
        </endpoint>-->
        <endpoint address="" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="Ryder.ShopProcessService.SOA.IShopProcessService" bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IShopProcessService">
          <identity>
            <dns value="localhost" />
          </identity>
        </endpoint>
        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://localhost/HandHeldSOA/ShopProcessServiceSOA/ShopProcessService/" />
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
      </service>
    </services>
    <bindings>
      <basicHttpBinding>
        <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IShopProcessService" closeTimeout="00:02:00"
          openTimeout="00:02:00" receiveTimeout="24.20:31:23.6470000"
          sendTimeout="00:10:00" maxBufferPoolSize="2147483647" maxReceivedMessageSize="2147483647" />
      </basicHttpBinding>
    </bindings>

A: Regardless of hosting, for HTTP Binding you can add it in configuration file as below
<endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />

or in code
host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IMetadataExchange), MetadataExchangeBindings.CreateMexHttpBinding(), "mex");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Alleging greed, lethargy, incompetence in companies, former Gloster test pilot criticizes Javelin.
Dayton—USAF's ambitious new look in cockpit instrumentation aims to eliminate 25% of the instruments a pilot must scan, yet provide more information in a form much easier to assimilate (AW July 23, p. 62). To accomplish this, the Wright Air Development Center's Flight ControlDisplay Integrating Working Group has launched a basic study into just what information a pilot needs and how this information can most naturally be integrated and displayed.
New York—An old type of auxiliary aircraft power source, the cartridge, is expanding into new, diversified uses, an AVIATION WEEK survey reveals. Some airplane makers are more in favor of the explosive powerplant than are others. With one exception, each of the airframe manufacturers questioned said that they contemplated or were engaged in research or experimental programs aimed at extending the use of CAD (cartridge-actuated devices) into untried fields.
Los Angeles—Scheduled air carriers serving the Pacific area are experiencing the heaviest vacation traffic season in their history. Not only are they flying approximately one-quarter more passengers than in record-breaking peak months of 1955, but the heavy season is expected to extend beyond the vacation months into November.
Following is a list of unclassified contracts of $25,000 and over as released by Navy Contracting Offices: AVIATION SUPPLY OFFICE, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia 11, Pa. Seymour Wallace & Co., 1200 S. 8th St., St. Louis 1, Mo., blankets: insulation, (383/ 29081-2897G4/2/56/AERO), 120000 sq. ft., $36,528.
Soviet military aviation has sprung a series of surprises on a too smug western world during the past three years. After a look at operations of Aeroflot, the Soviet's government-owned airline, and talking with some of its executives and aircraft designers in Moscow, we predict that the Russians will spring some new surprises in air transport on the West during the next five years.
A rising volume of executive aircraft interior decorating business is expected to double the income of Horton & Horton Custom Works, Ft. Worth, Tex., this year. Two years ago, the company moved from Houston to its present Meacham Field quarters because it needed more space.


Alton Baker Park, Eugene's largest developed park, is home to dozens of recreational features and facilities serving the City of Eugene since 1959. The park is made up of two major areas: the more developed West Alton Baker Park, and the 237-acre Whilamut Natural Area.
Located immediately east of the Ferry Street Bridge along the north bank of the Willamette River, West Alton Baker Park has had a long history of development, first under the jurisdiction of Lane County Parks Department, and more recently under the jurisdiction of the City of Eugene Parks and Open Space Division. The original 20-acre parcel was purchased by Lane County in 1881, however most of the park land was acquired by Lane County Parks between 1959 and 1964.
The current size of the park is approximately 413 acres, including 40 acres (Eastgate Woodlands) which are owned and managed by Willamalane Park and Recreation District. The park is named after Alton F. Baker, co-founder of the Eugene Register Guard, who was involved in park acquisition issues, and was instrumental in acquiring both this park and Maurie Jacobs Park.
The Native Plant Nursery has unique volunteer opportunities for community members who would like to actively participate in the full cycle of habitat restoration.


text:
Visiting the First (Unofficial) Barack Obama Memorial
by Mark Guiducci
Photo: Courtesy of Rob Pruitt / Gavin Brown's Enterprise, New York/Rome
The latest painting project by the artist Rob Pruitt is a series of 2-foot-by-2-foot canvases, each rendering a news media photograph of President Barack Obama in muddy red, creamy white, and steely blue. There is one for every day Obama has held office—2,893 and counting—and until last Sunday, when I finally forced myself to go, they were on view at the Grand Street outpost of Gavin Brown's Enterprise.
Seeing any show during the last hour of its last day feels like being late to a party. Enduring rain to see this show in the last month of the last year of Obama's presidency felt like being late to a funeral. This turned out to be a mixture of both: a tender, spirited celebration of life.
Taken together from afar, the pictures lining the walls at Gavin Brown's third-floor Lower East Side aerie are comfortingly abstract, like viewing the American flag through a kaleidoscope. They were hung in overwhelming grids of four rows and innumerable columns, looking like so many plaques on the wall of a mausoleum, or the Post-it notes of protest lining the subway station in Union Square, or even an impossibly large collection of screen prints by Warhol (who is often thought to influence Pruitt a little too much). Other canvases were stacked on shelves, to be perused like vinyls in a record store. The color palette looked like red wine had been spilled over cracked ice.
Things got more poignant as they got closer. I happened upon a familiar image from First Lady Michelle Obama's second Vogue cover shoot with Annie Leibovitz, and it heartened. Another—Obama at the dais, "Stronger Together" emblazoned behind him—stung. Less recognizable pictures left room for imagination, reminders of how much work the public doesn't know (or care) about. But the effect was cumulative. In each of the thousands of pictures, the president's body is rendered in ghostly white paint and imprecise brushstrokes that make muffled versions of their reference photographs. The pictures are clear and fuzzy at the same time, and in this way they visualize the process of memory. They are Obama as imprint, Obama as legacy, Obama as legend. It's as if Pruitt picked up where Shepard Fairey left off with his iconic "Hope" poster.
A gallery assistant informed me that The Obama Paintings weren't available for sale individually, but rather as a single unit with the hope that a museum (or perhaps the future Obama presidential library, as Jerry Saltz has suggested) would acquire them. "It's more democratic that way," the assistant said. And more Democratic, I thought.
Wandering out of the third-floor gallery and back to the vertiginous thrills of the black-diamond-worthy staircase, I started imagining what the complete series would look like, installed together contiguously, in all its enormity, consistency, and life-affirming reality. The continuous coil of the Guggenheim seemed like the most obvious choice for the same reasons that it worked for On Kawara's 2015 retrospective. And, in a way, Pruitt's Obama Paintings communicate the same message as do Kawara's famous telegrams: "I am still alive." So is Obama. And so are we. Stepping back into the weekend crush of bodies along Grand Street, I was inspired to pull out my phone and find a poem by artist Paul Chan, "New No's," which Holland Cotter had published among the best art of the year in The New York Times, and which reads, in part :
No hope without rage
No rage without teeth
No separate peace
No easy feat
This is the final installment of a 12-part series celebrating the legacy of President Obama and his administration. Read the eleventh installment here.
In This Story:Politics


text:
Stanisław Edward Parzymies (ur. 11 października 1938 we wsi Małochwiej Duży k. Krasnegostawu) – polski badacz stosunków międzynarodowych, dyplomata, wykładowca Instytutu Stosunków Międzynarodowych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (ISM UW).

Życiorys
Urodził się w rodzinie chłopskiej jako jeden z czterech synów Pawła i Franciszki ze Staszczaków. W 1956 ukończył liceum ogólnokształcące w Krasnymstawie. W 1961 ukończył Wydział Dyplomatyczno-Konsularny Szkoły Głównej Służby Zagranicznej, broniąc napisaną pod kierunkiem Ludwika Gelberga pracę z prawa międzynarodowego pt. Zatoki historyczne. Był członkiem uczelnianych władz Zrzeszenia Studentów Polskich. 1 sierpnia 1961 rozpoczął pracę w Ministerstwie Spraw Zagranicznych, w Departamencie V, ds. Afryki i Azji. Trzykrotnie pełnił funkcję zastępcy ambasadora: w Tunisie, Kinszasie i Algierze. W 1975 został odwołany z placówki w Algierii i wydalony z MSZ po tym, jak jego brat pozostał nielegalnie na emigracji w Stanach Zjednoczonych.

1 listopada 1975 podjął pracę starszego asystenta w Zakładzie Krajów Rozwijających się Polskiego Instytutu Spraw Międzynarodowych. W 1979 uzyskał w PISM doktorat na podstawie dysertacji Polityka śródziemnomorska państw Maghrebu. Na początku lat 80. jego zainteresowania naukowe zaczęły koncentrować się na problematyce bezpieczeństwa europejskiego i polityki zagranicznej Francji. Przebywał na zagranicznych stypendiach PISM, rządu francuskiego i niemieckiego oraz Fundacji im. Friedricha Eberta. W 1985 uzyskał habilitację na podstawie pracy Czynnik wojskowy w polityce zagranicznej Francji 1958–1982. W 1993 otrzymał tytuł naukowy profesora. Od stycznia 1992 do lipca 1993 kierownik podyplomowego Studium Służby Zagranicznej PISM. W lipcu 1993, w związku z likwidacją PISM, przeszedł do Departamentu Badań Strategicznych PISM MSZ. W 1994 został zatrudniony jako profesor nadzwyczajny w ISM UW, a od 2000 zwyczajny. W latach 90. zaczął zajmować się politycznymi i instytucjonalnymi aspektami integracji europejskiej, a później także prawem dyplomatycznym i konsularnym oraz organizacjami międzynarodowymi.

Oprócz dydaktyki w języku polskim prowadził także zajęcia po francusku dla przebywających w ISM UW studentów zagranicznych. Przewodniczył radzie naukowej ISM UW i był kierownikiem Zakładu Integracji Europejskiej tamże.

Pracował także na stanowisku profesora zwyczajnego na Wydziale Biznesu i Stosunków Międzynarodowych Akademii Finansów i Biznesu Vistula w Warszawie.

Stopień doktora pod jego kierunkiem uzyskali, m.in.: Jarosław Gryz (1998), Joanna Starzyk-Sulejewska (2001), Rafał Trzaskowski (2004), Andrzej Szeptycki (2004), Paweł Borkowski (2004), Małgorzata Mizerska-Wrotkowska (2007), Karolina Helnarska (2007).

Żonaty z arabistką Anną Parzymies, z którą ma synów Pawła i Andrzeja.

Odznaczenia
W 2014 otrzymał z rąk ambasadora Francji francuski Order Palm Akademickich. Odznaczony także Złotym Krzyżem Zasługi oraz Krzyżem Kawalerskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski. Otrzymał także odznakę honorową Zasłużonego Pracownika Służby Dyplomatyczno-Konsularnej

Wybrane publikacje
 Czynnik wojskowy w polityce zagranicznej Francji 1958–1982, Warszawa 1984.
 Przyjaźń z rozsądku. Francja i Niemcy w nowej Europie, Warszawa 1994.
 Europejskie struktury współpracy (red.), Warszawa 1995.
 Stosunki międzynarodowe w Europie. 1945–1999; Warszawa 1999.
 Unia Europejska. Nowy typ współpracy międzynarodowej (red. wspólnie z E.Haliżakiem), Warszawa 2002.
 Instytucjonalizacja wielostronnej współpracy w Europie, (autor i redakcja naukowa we współpracy z R. Ziębą) Warszawa 2004.
 OSCE and Minorities. Assessment and Prospects (ed.), Warsaw 2007.
 Integracja europejska w dokumentach, PISM, (wstęp i wybór dokumentów) Warszawa 2008.
 Dyplomacja czy siła ? Unia Europejska w stosunkach międzynarodowych (autor, redakcja naukowa, wstęp), Warszawa 2009.
 Polityka zagraniczna Francji po zimnej wojnie. 25 lat w służbie wielobiegunowości, Warszawa 2017.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne
 Stanisław Parzymies – artykuły w bibliotece Polona

Absolwenci Szkoły Głównej Służby Zagranicznej
Badacze stosunków międzynarodowych
Członkowie Zrzeszenia Studentów Polskich
Dyplomaci Polski Ludowej
Ludzie urodzeni w Krasnymstawie
Ludzie związani z Algierem
Ludzie związani z Kinszasą
Ludzie związani z Tunisem
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Kawalerskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski
Odznaczeni Złotym Krzyżem Zasługi (Polska Ludowa)
Polscy europeiści
Polacy odznaczeni Orderem Palm Akademickich
Polscy politolodzy
Pracownicy Polskiego Instytutu Spraw Międzynarodowych
Urodzeni w 1938
Urzędnicy Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych (III Rzeczpospolita)
Urzędnicy Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych (Polska Ludowa)
Wykładowcy Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego


text:
Jordan Sullivan
Where are you from and where do you reside?
I was born in Houston, Texas, but since childhood I've lived in Ohio, Detroit, Indonesia, London, and New York City. I currently live in Los Angeles.
You shoot landscape in a portrait format - what about the vertical format appeals to you?
I see my landscape pictures as portraits, reflections of my inner-life, or a sort of personal geography of this country inside myself. Photographing nature in this way started in Death Valley. I went to the desert with a simple plan to shoot portraits of landscapes. I suppose I wanted to build my own little bridge between these two colossal photographic genres, but I definitely was more interested in seeing a landscape as a portrait rather than the other way around. I knew I wanted to create photographs that would create sensory experiences, and I wanted to depict this desert, that's been photographed so much, in a different way, in an emotional and personal way. Shooting these vertical portraits provided at least a basic foundation to build something from.
The desert itself already felt like a photograph, like an object with its own life, in its own time.
Have you always worked with photography?
In one way or another I feel like I have, even though it wasn't my primary focus until a few years ago. Growing up I was obsessed with the family photo albums my parents kept. I loved the way some random snapshot could unwittingly reveal so much soul.
How do your surroundings direct your approach to your work?
When I am in a new place it takes me a while before I can photograph it. I first need to wander around and take in the experience of looking at the place. In Death Valley I noticed this flatness when looking at the mountains pressed up against the blank skies. It was as if the two were sewn together. The distance between things seemed elusive, and I wanted the pictures to somehow convey this flatness, this strange sense of space. The flatness and uncertain distance, to me, suggests a space coming into being, this other space, a point of origin.
On an emotional level I often see my own internal struggle reflected in nature, and this was definitely the case in Death Valley. I saw colors that weren't there, or rather, I felt colors, and they suggested something invisible. I felt like I was hallucinating, or wandering between reality and a dream, and I was hoping to capture that feeling or that space.
I had this overwhelming sensation when I first set foot in Badwater Basin - the lowest point in North America. I had just moved from New York City to California. I was feeling sort of lost and dazed, and I suppose I was at a low point in my own life, as well. Alone, in the basin, I watched the light, bright and singing, blinding me, enveloping everything, but the hills felt alone, solemn, melancholic, and distant. The place, like me, seemed at odds with itself.
I had this sense like some piece of my soul was buried out there, and I didn't want to leave until I found it. The struggle, the searching, that's what keeps me alive. The feeling I got in Death Valley, on that first trip, made me want to return over and over, to keep photographing the hills and the light, to create my own reality within that space. Since then, every time I return to Death Valley, I am at once in awe but also strangely terrified, because in the desert I am nothing. The landscape is unforgiving. It doesn't care if I am there or not, alive or dead. I find some of the strongest work not only comes from places that are deeply personal, but also from places of discomfort and from times when I am forced to experiment, improvise, or confront my own nature.
How do you incorporate chance in your creative process?
I don't know how much I believe in chance. More and more I have come to believe that all of this is fated. However, I don't conceptualize my projects too much. I follow my gut and just keep working. I tend to treat the work like an organism. I watch it, listen to it, follow it. I create a dialogue with it. I let it become what it wants.
At what point did you decide to point your camera up above the landscape and record the colors of the sky?
I am drawn to in-between moments - moments that are undefined, colors we don't have names for. The sky images exist in that in-between space. I try to capture that moment when time begins to shift, when the sky is about to change. I look for the space between two colors, or that instant just before a color is about to vanish.
What themes or motifs are you consistently drawn to?
Color, time, silence, and memory.
How do the different elements of color inform the final piece?
Color is everything. It's everywhere. Color speaks so many languages. Nature, silence, emotions, and sound all hold color. The spirits within things hold color. In my work color offers a sense of wonder, makes reality feel imagined, and has the potential to make ordinary moments ecstatic.
How has your work developed in the past few years, and how do you see it evolving in the future?
I've begun to notice these questions of color and time within my work. Is color time? Is time color? What is the color of memory? What is the color of time? How connected are the two? I don't know where all these questions came from. They all form rather abstract arguments, but somehow color and time seem to be the foundation for so many of my pictures.
As for the future, that always feels like a far-off light that I am reaching for. I try to remember where I am from and who I am when making something new and moving forward. It's that old struggle to be true to oneself. I want to learn so much more about the world and my place within it, so the fate of my future projects depends on how close I can get to the world, how much of it I can see and feel and come to terms with.
In your Death Valley work it seems color is a proxy for the passage of time - do you agree, or is the relationship more complicated?
I agree to an extent because color and light punctuate the time we have constructed, so naturally seeing certain colors in nature or in the sky will recall specific times of the day or changing weather patterns. However, the Death Valley images also exist in their own time. This wasn't intentional when I was shooting. It's something that occurred to me later as I was editing the work. When I first set foot in Death Valley I immediately could feel time, but it wasn't the kind of time that's measured in days, years, or by the weather and the changing seasons. Everything felt at once eternal, still, and ancient, and I felt incredibly present, which is always a challenge for me. It almost felt like being in limbo or a sort of purgatory. I felt completely insignificant but peaceful within this time. The desert itself already felt like a photograph, like an object with its own life, in its own time. So many places in nature have this feeling, some people have it too, and I suppose that's one reason artists keep returning to portraits and landscapes.
I create work that is first and foremost meant to be felt rather than understood intellectually.
Describe a typical day in the studio for you.
I spend the beginning of my day doing the normal stuff - answering emails, scrolling through my phone, checking in with friends, then reading, and writing. Writing is sort of like drawing for me. It helps give form to whatever I'm feeling or grasping for, and I am constantly jotting down notes, poems, half-thoughts, and titles for pieces and exhibitions. I usually work on multiple projects at once so there's a lot of time spent editing pictures, shooting pictures, destroying pictures. I publish a number of artist books too (for myself and others), so sometimes a portion of my day is devoted to that. I usually take a walk at some point, and I spend at least a little bit of time being "shiftless" as Raymond Carver called it. Lately, I've been traveling a lot, and planning new projects, so I have not physically been in studio too much.
Big Raymond Carver fan? Do you have a favorite Raymond Carver story?
Some of Carver's interviews - his thoughts on life and literature - are almost more fascinating to me than his short stories. However, his poem 'Shiftless' is a great one.
What's one of your favorite objects you own? What's the story?
I got the same fortune from two different fortune cookies at two different Chinese restaurants in two different cities over the course of two years. The fortune reads "We all live under the same sky but we don't see the same light." I laminated both fortunes together and I keep them with me wherever I go.
It makes sense that those fortunes would resonate with you! So much of your work is about subjectivity and internal connection to the natural world rather than proposing the world as it may appear objectively. How do your works, as photographs, operate as documents in this framework?
I wanted the pictures to at once depict Death Valley, but I also wanted to transform the desert into an interior landscape, an articulation of human emotion. Some of the most universal work starts from very specific places. In the case of the Death Valley pictures, I created my version of Death Valley.
I think it is readily apparent that this work is personal vision of Death Valley, even if viewers do not know the exact location of the place depicted. So, while these images reflect my own emotional life, I hope they can connect with viewers memories, too. Additionally, I made specific color choices to enhance the mood of each image, to create a sort hallucinatory space. The dream of a place often says more about that place than what can be seen in plain sight. This hallucinatory space also puts the Death Valley pictures in a place between abstraction and representation, and perhaps this opens the work up to being interpreted in different ways or gives the pictures a certain universality, turning each image into portal for viewers to have unique personal experiences. Of course, I don't expect everyone to have the same feeling toward the work, but, as in life, it's just important to feel something.
Artworks by Jordan Sullivan
The Autumns of SpringJordan SullivanArtist Book
The Autumns of Spring 2Jordan SullivanPhotography


Put this at the top of a list of things I never thought I would say.
In the past, I have had no problem heading to the treadmill at the sign of inclement or undesirable weather.
However, this past June, my gym with no notice closed it's doors. At the time summer was coming and I was keen to just run outside. I also have some weights (like the Les Mill's body pump set) at home so just went with it. Towards the middle of summer I discovered a bootcamp gym close to home and tried that out. I then spent the month of August in Europe and returned and paid up front for a year at the bootcamp gym and told myself that was it, no other gym membership or classes.
Well fast forward to late fall and it starting to get cooler and I wondered if I would be able to last in the cold.
And you know what, I totally have. And, as I commented yesterday that the long run in 27 degrees was quite warm, I realized that I have turned a corner and not only embraced, but come to thoroughly enjoy, winter running.
I consciously choose to wait for the snow to start last weekend to run! And loved it.
Obviously as I have learned, the right clothing make all the difference in if you will enjoy it and I will definitely share what have been my favorites that I invested in, and was gifted for Christmas that have made winter running so enjoyable.
We have had a milder winter which is also helpful thus far. On the oft days that are warmer I have come to realize that I am not looking forward to the eventual heat and humidity that will come our way.
Give me a balmy 40 degree tops run and I am happy!
I also think that the exclusive running outdoors has helped me to regain my speed. In the past I have loved the treadmill but for me personally I think that in order for me to race well, I need to be outdoors. I was my slowest when running a ton on the treadmill. I never was able to make my indoor speed translate to outdoors. I also went through a lot at that time with my Crohn's so that could be a part of it but I don't think I will ever be able to practice race pace on a treadmill and then be able to sustain it in a race.
For now though I am going to continue to enjoy my new found love for winter time and hope that I don't have to head back to the treadmill any time soon!
You know I love winter running! I've been outside all winter--have only had to treadmill it once so far!
I know, you are my hero because your temps are definitely colder than what we have in NYC; but I definitely find running in the winter more invigorating.