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Reformed and Evolutionary Epistemology and the Noetic Effects of Sin.Helen De Cruz & Johan De Smedt - 2013 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 74 (1):49-66.details
Despite their divergent metaphysical assumptions, Reformed and evolutionary epistemologists have converged on the notion of proper basicality. Where Reformed epistemologists appeal to God, who has designed the mind in such a way that it successfully aims at the truth, evolutionary epistemologists appeal to natural selection as a mechanism that favors truth-preserving cognitive capacities. This paper investigates whether Reformed and evolutionary epistemological accounts of theistic belief are compatible. We will argue that their chief incompatibility lies in the noetic (...) effects of sin and what may be termed the noetic effects of evolution, systematic tendencies wherein human cognitive faculties go awry. We propose a reconceptualization of the noetic effects of sin to mitigate this tension. (shrink)
Taking Simmel Seriously in Evolutionary Epistemology.Martin Coleman - 2002 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 33 (1):55-74.details
Donald T. Campbell outlines an epistemological theory that attempts to be faithful to evolution through natural selection. He takes his position to be consistent with that of Karl R. Popper, whom he credits as the primary advocate of his day for natural selection epistemology. Campbell writes that neither he nor Popper want to give up the goal of objectivity or objective truth, in spite of their evolutionary epistemology. In discussing the conflict between an epistemology based on (...) natural selection and objective truth, Campbell cites an article by the German sociologist and philosopher Georg Simmel entitled 'On a Connection of Selection Theory to Epistemology', as presenting the issue in a notably forthright manner.The present essay summarizes Simmel's article, with the purpose of clarifying, in terms that Campbell apparently finds satisfactory, the conflict that Campbell acknowledges between an evolutionary epistemology and ultimate truth; the essay then examines the responses of Campbell and Popper to Simmel's position. While Campbell and Popper acknowledge the work of Simmel, their responses suggest something less than a full consideration of Simmel's position. (shrink)
Evolutionary Theory and the Epistemology of Science.Kevin McCain & Brad Weslake - 2013 - In Kostas Kampourakis (ed.), The Philosophy of Biology: A Companion for Educators. Springer. pp. 101-119.details
Evolutionary theory is a paradigmatic example of a well-supported scientific theory. In this chapter we consider a number of objections to evolutionary theory, and show how responding to these objections reveals aspects of the way in which scientific theories are supported by evidence. Teaching these objections can therefore serve two pedagogical aims: students can learn the right way to respond to some popular arguments against evolutionary theory, and they can learn some basic features of the structure of (...) scientific theories and evidence. (shrink)
A Look at the Inference Engine Underlying 'Evolutionary Epistemology' Accounts of the Production of Heuristics.Philippe Gagnon - 2012 - In Dirk Evers, Antje Jackelén, Michael Fuller & Taede A. Smedes (eds.), Is Religion Natural? Studies in Science and Theology, No. 13. ESSSAT Biennial Yearbook 2011-2012. Martin-Luther-Universität.details
This paper evaluates the claim that it is possible to use nature's variation in conjunction with retention and selection on the one hand, and the absence of ultimate groundedness of hypotheses generated by the human mind as it knows on the other hand, to discard the ascription of ultimate certainty to the rationality of human conjectures in the cognitive realm. This leads to an evaluation of the further assumption that successful hypotheses with specific applications, in other words heuristics, seem to (...) have a firm footing because they were useful in another context. I argue that usefulness evaluated through adaptation misconstrues the search for truth, and that it is possible to generate talk of randomness by neglecting aspects of a system's insertion into a larger situation. The framing of the problem in terms of the elimination of unfit hypotheses is found to be unsatisfying. It is suggested that theories exist in a dimension where they can be kept alive rather than dying as phenotypes do. The proposal that the subconscious could suggest random variations is found to be a category mistake. A final appeal to phenomenology shows that this proposal is orphan in the history of epistemology, not in virtue of its being a remarkable find, but rather because it is ill-conceived. (shrink)
The missing element of Popper's evolutionary epistemology scheme.Walentin W. Wasilewski - 2020 - E-Forum 2 (11):165-175.details
The purpose of the work is to study the definition and purpose of man for nature and cognition. The study was based on an article by K.R. Popper's «Evolutionary Epistemology». A critical analysis of Popper's theses and schemes for the evolution of theories is carried out. The importance of the emergence of a system of times of the language as a consequence of its descriptive function is noted. The problem with which the cycle of development of life and (...) knowledge begins is revealed. In the work of the scheme proposed by Popper, the language is included. As a result of the discussion, a key element of the essence of man is revealed: understanding the problem of death. This understanding makes it possible to relate oneself to the problem, which is the reason for the existence of the most general evaluation categories: «good» and «evil». So, a person can determine the goal of development - overcoming the problem, in contrast to nature, the development of which is aimed at avoiding the problem. Having reached the goal, a person will go beyond himself as a phenomenon defined by an understanding of the problem. In this case, self-transcendence is the transition of a person to a new quality. The role of philosophy in the processes of self-transcendence taking place in modern society is discussed. (shrink)
Overcoming the Conflict of Evolutionary and Naturalized Epistemology in Nietzsche.Justin Remhof - 2015 - History of Philosophy Quarterly 32 (2):181-194.details
There is a difficulty in understanding Nietzsche's epistemology. It is generally accepted that he endorses the naturalized epistemological view that knowledge should be closely connected to the sciences. He also holds the evolutionary epistemological position that knowledge has developed exclusively to benefit human survival. Nietzsche's evolutionary epistemology, however, appears to imply a debunking argument about the truth of our beliefs that seems to undermine his commitment to a naturalized epistemology. This paper argues that Nietzsche's (...) class='Hi'>evolutionary epistemology does not, in fact, undermine his naturalized epistemology. (shrink)
"Monsters on the Brain: An Evolutionary Epistemology of Horror".Stephen Asma - 2014 - Social Research: An International Quarterly (N.4).details
The article discusses the evolutionary development of horror and fear in animals and humans, including in regard to cognition and physiological aspects of the brain. An overview of the social aspects of emotions, including the role that emotions play in interpersonal relations and the role that empathy plays in humans' ethics, is provided. An overview of the psychological aspects of monsters, including humans' simultaneous repulsion and interest in horror films that depict monsters, is also provided.
Evolutionary Prolegomena to a Pragmatist Epistemology of Belief.Roberto Frega - 2011 - In Pragmatist Epistemologies. Lexington.details
Debunking Evolutionary Debunking.Katia Vavova - 2014 - Oxford Studies in Metaethics 9:76-101.details
Evolutionary debunking arguments start with a premise about the influence of evolutionary forces on our evaluative beliefs, and conclude that we are not justified in those beliefs. The value realist holds that there are attitude-independent evaluative truths. But the debunker argues that we have no reason to think that the evolutionary forces that shaped human evaluative attitudes would track those truths. Worse yet, we seem to have a good reason to think that they wouldn't: evolution selects for (...) characteristics that increase genetic fitness—not ones that correlate with the evaluative truth. Plausibly, the attitudes and judgments that increase a creature's fitness come apart from the true evaluative beliefs. My aim in this paper is to show that no plausible evolutionary debunking argument can both have force against the value realist and not collapse into a more general skeptical argument. I conclude that there is little hope for evolutionary debunking arguments. This is bad news for the debunker who hoped that the cold, hard scientific facts about our origins would debunk our evaluative beliefs. And it is good news for the realist. (shrink)
Evolutionary Debunking of Moral Realism.Katia Vavova - 2015 - Philosophy Compass 10 (2):104-116.details
Evolutionary debunking arguments move from a premise about the influence of evolutionary forces on our moral beliefs to a skeptical conclusion about those beliefs. My primary aim is to clarify this empirically grounded epistemological challenge. I begin by distinguishing among importantly different sorts of epistemological attacks. I then demonstrate that instances of each appear in the literature under the 'evolutionary debunking' title. Distinguishing them clears up some confusions and helps us better understand the structure and potential of (...) evolutionary debunking arguments. (shrink)
Evolutionary Debunking Arguments in Three Domains: Fact, Value, and Religion.S. Wilkins John & E. Griffiths Paul - 2012 - In James Maclaurin Greg Dawes (ed.), A New Science of Religion. Routledge.details
Ever since Darwin people have worried about the sceptical implications of evolution. If our minds are products of evolution like those of other animals, why suppose that the beliefs they produce are true, rather than merely useful? We consider this problem for beliefs in three different domains: religion, morality, and commonsense and scientific claims about matters of empirical fact. We identify replies to evolutionary scepticism that work in some domains but not in others. One reply is that evolution can (...) be expected to design systems that produce true beliefs in some domain. This reply works for commonsense beliefs and can be extended to scientific beliefs. But it does not work for moral or religious beliefs. An alternative reply which has been used defend moral beliefs is that their truth does not consist in their tracking some external state of affairs. Whether or not it is successful in the case of moral beliefs, this reply is less plausible for religious beliefs. So religious beliefs emerge as particularly vulnerable to evolutionary debunking. (shrink)
The Phylogeography Debate and the Epistemology of Model-Based Evolutionary Biology.Alfonso Arroyo-Santos, Mark E. Olson & Francisco Vergara-Silva - 2014 - Biology and Philosophy 29 (6):833-850.details
Phylogeography, a relatively new subdicipline of evolutionary biology that attempts to unify the fields of phylogenetics and population biology in an explicit geographical context, has hosted in recent years a highly polarized debate related to the purported benefits and limitations that qualitative versus quantitative methods might contribute or impose on inferential processes in evolutionary biology. Here we present a friendly, non-technical introduction to the conflicting methods underlying the controversy, and exemplify it with a balanced selection of quotes from (...) the primary biological literature, to invite the philosophy of biology community to pay attention to the elements that have played a primary role in its presumed resolution. We also present the basic features of our own metascientific take on the debate, and point out—as a preliminary step in preparation for upcoming, more detailed treatments—the importance that appeals to authority in fields external to phylogeography per se have played in the current status of this highly visible evolutionary biology dispute. (shrink)
Review of Kuhn's Evolutionary Social Epistemology. [REVIEW]Francis Remedios - 2012 - Philosophy in Review 32 (6):533-535.details
Crossing the Milvian Bridge: When Do Evolutionary Explanations of Belief Debunk Belief?Paul E. Griffiths & John S. Wilkins - 2015 - In Phillip R. Sloan, Gerald McKenny & Kathleen Eggleson (eds.), Darwin in the Twenty-First Century: Nature, Humanity, and God. University of Notre Dame Press. pp. 201-231.details
Ever since Darwin people have worried about the sceptical implications of evolution. If our minds are products of evolution like those of other animals, why suppose that the beliefs they produce are true, rather than merely useful? In this chapter we apply this argument to beliefs in three different domains: morality, religion, and science. We identify replies to evolutionary scepticism that work in some domains but not in others. The simplest reply to evolutionary scepticism is that the truth (...) of beliefs in a certain domain is, in fact, connected to evolutionary success, so that evolution can be expected to design systems that produce true beliefs in that domain. We call a connection between truth and evolutionary success a 'Milvian bridge', after the tradition which ascribes the triumph of Christianity at the battle of the Milvian bridge to the truth of Christianity. We argue that a Milvian bridge can be constructed for commonsense beliefs, and extended to scientific beliefs, but not to moral and religious beliefs. An alternative reply to evolutionary scepticism, which has been used defend moral beliefs, is to argue that their truth does not depend on their tracking some external state of affairs. We ask if this reply could be used to defend religious beliefs. (shrink)
Only All Naturalists Should Worry About Only One Evolutionary Debunking Argument.Tomas Bogardus - 2016 - Ethics 126 (3):636-661.details
Do the facts of evolution generate an epistemic challenge to moral realism? Some think so, and many "evolutionary debunking arguments" have been discussed in the recent literature. But they are all murky right where it counts most: exactly which epistemic principle is meant to take us from evolutionary considerations to the skeptical conclusion? Here, I will identify several distinct species of evolutionary debunking argument in the literature, each one of which relies on a distinct epistemic principle. Drawing (...) on recent work in epistemology, I will show that most of these initially plausible principles are false, spoiling the arguments that rely on them. And we will see that each argument threatens only one popular view of moral psychology: a "Representationalist" view on which our moral judgments rely crucially on a mental intermediary—e.g. a sentiment, gut reaction, or affect-laden intuition—delivered by our evolved moral faculty. In the end, only one evolutionary debunking argument remains a menace: an " Argument from Symmetry " that I will introduce to the literature. But we will see that it should worry only all naturalists, pressuring them into a trilemma: give up moral realism, accept a rationalism that is incongruous with naturalism, or give up naturalism. Non-naturalists are free and clear. (shrink)
Old Wine in New Bottles: Evolutionary Debunking Arguments and the Benacerraf–Field Challenge.Michael Klenk - 2017 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 20 (4):781-795.details
Evolutionary debunking arguments purport to show that robust moral realism, the metaethical view that there are non-natural and mind-independent moral properties and facts that we can know about, is incompatible with evolutionary explanations of morality. One of the most prominent evolutionary debunking arguments is advanced by Sharon Street, who argues that if moral realism were true, then objective moral knowledge is unlikely because realist moral properties are evolutionary irrelevant and moral beliefs about those properties would not (...) be selected for. However, no evolutionary, causal explanation plays an essential role in reaching the argument's epistemological conclusion. Street's argument depends on the Benacerraf-Field challenge, which is the challenge to explain the reliability of our moral beliefs about causally inert moral properties. The Benacerraf-Field challenge relies on metaphysically necessary facts about realist moral properties, rather than on contingent Darwinian facts about the origin of our moral beliefs. Attempting to include an essential causal empirical premise yet avoiding recourse to the Benacerraf-Field problem yields an argument that is either self-defeating or of limited scope. Ultimately, evolutionary, causal explanations of our moral beliefs and their consequences do not present the strongest case against robust moral realism. Rather, the question is whether knowledge of casually-inert, mind-intendent properties is plausible at all. (shrink)
Social Epistemology Transformed: Steve Fuller's Account of Knowledge as a Divine Spark for Human Domination.William T. Lynch - 2016 - Symposion: Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences 3 (2): 191-205.details
In his new book, Knowledge: The Philosophical Quest in History, Steve Fuller returns to core themes of his program of social epistemology that he first outlined in his 1988 book, Social Epistemology. He develops a new, unorthodox theology and philosophy building upon his testimony in Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District in defense of intelligent design, leading to a call for maximal human experimentation. Beginning from the theological premise rooted in the Abrahamic religious tradition that we are created (...) in the image of God, Fuller argues that the spark of the divine within us distinguishes us from animals. I argue that Fuller's recent work takes us away from key insights of his original work. In contrast, I advocate for a program of social epistemology rooted in evolutionary science rather than intelligent design, emphasize a precautionary and ecological approach rather than a proactionary approach that favors risky human experimentation, and attend to our material and sociological embeddedness rather than a transhumanist repudiation of the body. (shrink)
Modals and Modal Epistemology.Jonathan Ichikawa - 2016 - In Amy Kind & Peter Kung (eds.), Knowledge Through Imagination. Oxford University Press. pp. 124-144.details
I distinguish (§1) two projects in modal epistemology—one about how we come to know modal truths, and one about why we have the ability so to come to know. The latter, I suggest, (§§2–3) is amenable to an evolutionary treatment in terms of general capacities developed to evaluate quotidian modal claims. I compare (§4) this approach to a recent suggestion in a similar spirit by Christopher Hill and Timothy Williamson, emphasizing counterfactual conditionals instead of quotidian modals; I argue (...) that while there are some reasons to prefer the quotidian modals approach, there are none favoring the Hill/Williamson counterfactual approach. I conclude (§5) with a suggestion that the remaining questions both approaches leave unanswered ought not to be too troubling. (shrink)
An Evolutionary Metaphysics of Human Enhancement Technologies.Valentin Cheshko - manuscriptdetails
The monograph is an English, expanded and revised version of the book Cheshko, V. T., Ivanitskaya, L.V., & Glazko, V.I. (2018). Anthropocene. Philosophy of Biotechnology. Moscow, Course. The manuscript was completed by me on November 15, 2019. It is a study devoted to the development of the concept of a stable evolutionary human strategy as a unique phenomenon of global evolution. The name "An Evolutionary Metaphysics (Cheshko, 2012; Glazko et al., 2016). With equal rights, this study could be (...) entitled "Biotechnology as a result and factor of the evolutionary processˮ. The choice in favor of used "The Evolutionary Metaphysics of Human Enhancement Technologiesˮ was made in accordance with the basic principle of modern post-academician and human-sized science, a classic example of which is biotechnology. The "Metaphysics of Evolution" and "Evolutionary Metaphysics" concepts are used in several ways in modern philosophical discourse. In any case, the values contain a logical or associative reference to the teleological nature of the evolutionary process (Hull, 1967, 1989; Apel, 1995; Faye, 2016; Dupre, 2017; Rose, 2018, etc). In our study, the "evolutionary metaphysics" serves to denote the thesis of the rationalization and technologization of global evolution and anthropogenesis, in particular. At the same time, the postulate of an open future remains relevant in relation to the results of the evolutionary process. The theory of evolution of complex, including the humans system and algorithm for its constructing are а synthesis of evolutionary epistemology, philosophical anthropology and concrete scientific empirical basis in modern science. ln other words, natural philosophy is regaining the status bar element theoretical science in the era of technology-driven evolution. The co-evolutionary concept of 3-modal stable evolutionary strategy of Homo sapiens is developed. The concept based оn the principle of evolutionary complementarity of anthropogenesis: value of evolutionary risk and evolutionary path of human evolution are defined bу descriptive (evolutionary efficiency) and creative-teleological (evolutionary correctness) parameters simultaneously, that cannot bе instrumental reduced to others ones. Resulting volume of both parameters define the vectors of blological, social, cultural and techno-rationalistic human evolution Ьу two gear mechanism genetic and cultural co-evolution and techno-humanitarian balance. The resultant each of them сап estimated Ьу the ratio of socio-psychological predispositions of humanization / dehumanization in mentality. Explanatory model and methodology of evaluation of creatively teleological evolutionary risk component of NBIC technological complex is proposed. Integral part of the model is evolutionary semantics (time-varying semantic code, the compliance of the blological, socio-cultural and techno-rationalist adaptive modules of human stable evolutionary strategy). It is seem necessary to make three clarifications. First, logical construct, "evolutionary metaphysics" contains an internal contradiction, because it unites two alternative explanatory models. "Metaphysics", as a subject, implies deducibility of the process from the initial general abstract principle, and, consequently, the outcome of the development of the object is uniquely determined by the initial conditions. Predicate, "evolutionary", means stochastic mechanism of realizing the same principle by memorizing and replicating random choices in all variants of the post-Darwin paradigm. In philosophy, random choice corresponds to the category of "free will" of a reasonable agent. In evolutionary theory, the same phenomenon is reflected in the concept of "covariant replication". Authors will attempt to synthesize both of these models in a single transdisciplinary theoretical framework. Secondly, the interpretation of the term "evolutionary (adaptive) strategyˮ is different from the classical definition. The difference is that the adaptive strategy in this context is equivalent to the survival, i.e. it includes the adaptation to the environment and the transformation (construction) of the medium in accordance with the objectives of survival. To emphasize this difference authors used verbal construction "adaptiveˮ (rather than "evolutionaryˮ) strategy as more adequate. In all other cases, the two terms may be regarded as synonymous. Thirdly, the initial two essays of this series were published in one book in 2012. Their main goal was the development of the logically consistent methodological concept of stable adaptive (evolutionary) strategy of hominines and the argumentation of its heuristic possibilities as a transdisciplinary scientific paradigm of modern anthropology. The task was to demonstrate the possibilities of the SESH concept in describing and explaining the evolutionary prospects for the interaction of social organization and technology (techno-humanitarian balance) and the associated biological and cultural mechanisms of the genesis of religion (gene-cultural co-evolution). In other words, it was related to the sphere of cultural and philosophical anthropology, i.e. to the axiological component of any theoretical constructions describing the behavior of self-organizing systems with human participation. In contrast, the present work is an attempt to introduce this concept into the sphere of biological anthropology and, consequently, its main goal is to demonstrate the possibility of verification of its main provisions by means of procedures developed by natural science, i.e. refers to the descriptive component of the same theoretical constructions. The result of this in the future should be methods for assessing, calculating and predicting the risk of loss of biological and cultural identity of a person, associated with a permanent and continuously deepening process of development of science and technology. (shrink)
Change in Moral View: Higher-Order Evidence and Moral Epistemology.Michael Klenk - forthcoming - In Higher Order Evidence and Moral Epistemology. New York, NY: Routledge.details
Most epistemologists maintain that we are rationally required to believe what our evidence supports. Generally speaking, any factor that makes it more probable that a given state of affairs obtains (or does not obtain) is evidence (for that state of affairs). In line with this view, many metaethicists believe that we are rationally required to believe what's morally right and wrong based on what our moral evidence (e.g. our moral intuitions, along with descriptive information about the world) supports. However, sometimes (...) we get information about our evidence, such as a theory that explains that all moral intuitions are ultimately caused by evolutionary forces. Such genealogical claims like this take form as a puzzle about how to rationally respond to higher-order evidence in moral epistemology. How should we change our moral views in response to genealogical claims about the evolutionary origin of our moral beliefs or about widespread moral disagreement? This introductory chapter first explains the issue about how to change our moral views based on an easily accessible example. Then it shows how recent debates about the puzzle of higher-order evidence bears on recent debates in moral epistemology, notably the debates about evolutionary debunking arguments in metaethics, the epistemic significance of moral peer disagreement, moral testimony, and collective moral knowledge before it introduces the chapters of this book. (shrink)
The Epistemology of Causal Selection: Insights From Systems Biology.Beckett Sterner - forthcoming - In C. Kenneth Waters (ed.), Causal Reasoning in Biology. University of Minnesota Press.details
Among the many causes of an event, how do we distinguish the important ones? Are there ways to distinguish among causes on principled grounds that integrate both practical aims and objective knowledge? Psychologist Tania Lombrozo has suggested that causal explanations "identify factors that are 'exportable' in the sense that they are likely to subserve future prediction and intervention" (Lombrozo 2010, 327). Hence portable causes are more important precisely because they provide objective information to prediction and intervention as practical aims. However, (...) I argue that this is only part of the epistemology of causal selection. Recent work on portable causes has implicitly assumed them to be portable within the same causal system at a later time. As a result, it has appeared that the objective content of causal selection includes only facts about the causal structure of that single system. In contrast, I present a case study from systems biology in which scientists are searching for causal factors that are portable across rather than within causal systems. By paying careful attention to how these biologists find portable causes, I show that the objective content of causal selection can extend beyond the immediate systems of interest. In particular, knowledge of the evolutionary history of gene networks is necessary for correctly identifying causal patterns in these networks that explain cellular behavior in a portable way. (shrink)
The Structure and Significance of Evolutionary Explanations in Philosophy.Bence Nanay - 2004 - In H. Carel & D. Gamez (eds.), What Philosophy is. Ccontinuum.details
The so-called evolutionary approach is getting more and more popular in various branches of philosophy. Evolutionary explanations are often used in virtually every classical philosophical discipline. The structure of evolutionary explanations is examined and it is pointed out that only one sub-category of evolutionary explanations, namely, nonreductive, non-stipulated adaptation-explanation can be of any philosophical significance. I finish by examining which of the proposed philosophical arguments use this kind of evolutionary explanation. The answer will be disappointing (...) for those who would like to think of philosophy as a branch of evolutionary biology. (shrink)
Can Internalism and Externalism Be Reconciled in a Biological Epistemology of Language?Prakash Mondal - 2012 - Biosemiotics 5 (1):61 - 82.details
This paper is an attempt at exploring the possibility of reconciling the two interpretations of biolinguistics which have been recently projected by Koster(Biolinguistics 3(1):61–92, 2009). The two interpretations—trivial and nontrivial—can be roughly construed as non-internalist and internalist conceptions of biolinguistics respectively. The internalist approach boils down to a conception of language where language as a mental grammar in the form of I-language grows and functions like a biological organ. On the other hand, under such a construal consistent with Koster's (Biolinguistics (...) 3(1):61-92, 2009), the non-internalist version does not necessarily have to be externalist in nature; rather it is a matter of mutual reinforcement of biology and culture under the rubric of a co-evolutionary dynamics. Here it will be argued that the apparent dichotomy between these two conceptions of biolinguistics can perhaps be resolved if we have a richer synthesis that accounts for both internalism and non-internalism. (shrink)
POST-INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE OF XXI CENTURY – RATIONALISM VERSUS IRRATIONALISM: EVOLUTIONARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECT.Valentin Cheshko, L. V. Ivanitskaya & V. I. Glazko - 2011 - Russian Academy of Natural Sciences Herald 3:68-77.details
The phenomenon of rationalism and irrationalism, contextually related to the transformation methodology and the social function of modern (post-industrial) science – social verification, interpretation and knowledge, etc., are analyzes.
The Philosophical Foundations of TGT: Is Mankind's Destiny the Essence of Keynes's Evolutionary Vision? Jesus - manuscriptdetails
It is difficult to advance a point beyond what Keynes himself commented about his own vision in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money in 1936 (hereafter TGT) in its Chapter 24. It is also difficult to express a deeper thought than what Skidelsky wrote about Chapter 24 of TGT (cf. Skidelsky, 1997). The purpose of this article is to identify whether Chapter 24 of TGT is the gist of Keynes's legacy, having set the foundations of macroeconomics in the (...) previous 23 Chapters. Relevant topics included in Chapter 24 are the consequences of full employment, the fate of income distribution, the future of overall wealth, the socialization of investment, saving, expectations, the role of the State in economies, the future of financial markets and the interaction between economics and other disciplines. Indeed this Chapter displays Keynes's genius as a social philosopher, following the tradition of The Economics Possibilities for our Grandchildren (1930). In Chapter 24 he was taking a glance at his product as did Phillip II when he was observing the construction of his castle El Escorial in XVII Spain. Within his vision, is this piece of work a justification of capitalism? Keynes sees the State as both the spender and the employer of last resort, thereby proposing a new role for the government (Skidelsky, 1998). He also suggests a new role for the private sector and reconsiders the interrelation between the two sectors. He is fully optimistic about this issue, which he considers as evolutionary. In addition, Keynes blurs the distinction between economics and sociology, advancing new interdisciplinary hints in his thinking. Keynes is also concerned on the epistemological role of assumptions in order to obtain defensible conclusions. Thereafter the British economist proposes new methods. He was a neo-realist and was against the inductive method. In addition, it can be stated that TGT is grounded on new psychological laws and motivations, that is, on a new vision of humankind, especially the analyzed chapter. His topics are the bypassing of Classical Economics; the destiny of macroeconomics in both theoretical and policy terms, highlighting new roles for interest rates; savers and rentiers; and the relevance of the concepts of ideas, interests and power. In all these respects Keynes is once again far ahead of his time. Finally a debatable topic dealt with by Keynes in Chapter 24 of TGT is 1 PhD in Economics, Lancaster University, UK; Professor-researcher at ISEC Universidad de Negocios, Mexico City. socialisation of investment. This is in words of Skidelsky, a shift in the balance of social power. Keynes is thus in Chapter 24 of TGT a visionary and an idealist, a reformer, and certainly a trans-generational thinker. When he talks about the passion of thriftiness and the setting of reasonable financial rewards arising from financial instruments he is advancing explications for financial crises in terms of speculation. The open conclusion is that Chapter 24 contains the gist of Keynes's mature philosophical thinking and legacy, confirming that for him attitudes are one of the most relevant issues in life. In addition, he considers that both social and psychological elements are necessary for a thorough understanding of economic issues and their consequences, such as peace and happiness. Section 1 is an introduction. Section 2 is both a literature review and a summary of Keynes's general philosophical insights. Section 3 is an analysis of Chapter 24 of TGT in the specific fields of Epistemology, Ethics, Ontology, and Political and Social Philosophy. Section 4 is a conclusion. References are listed at the end of the article. (shrink)
Popper's Epistemology Versus Popper's Politics: A Libertarian Viewpoint.J. C. Lester - 1995 - Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems 18 (1):87-93.details
What is my thesis? It is not that radical experimentation by the state, rather than liberal democracy, is more in accord with the spirit and logic of Popper's 'revolutionary' epistemology. It is the opposite criticism, that full anarchic libertarianism (individual liberty and the free market without any state interference) better fits Popper's epistemology and scientific method.
Review of Religion Explained-- The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought by Pascal Boyer (2002) (Review Revised 2019).Michael Starks - 2019 - In Suicidal Utopian Delusions in the 21st Century -- Philosophy, Human Nature and the Collapse of Civilization -- Articles and Reviews 2006-2019 4th Edition Michael Starks. Las Vegas, NV USA: Reality Press. pp. 317-330.details
You can get a quick summary of this book on p 135 or 326. If you are not up to speed on evolutionary psychology, you should first read one of the numerous recent texts with this term in the title. One of the best is "The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology" 2nd ed by Buss. Until about 15 years ago, ´explanations´ of behavior have not really been explanations of mental processes at all, but rather vague and largely useless descriptions (...) of what people did and what they said, with no insight into why. We might say that people gather to commemorate an event, praise god, receive his (or her or their) blessings, etc., but none of this describes the relevant mental processes, so we might say they are explanations in much the same way that it explains why an apple drops to the ground if we say its because we released it, and it's heavy-there is no mechanism and no explanatory or predictive power. This book continues the elucidation of the genetic basis of human behavior which has been almost universally ignored and denied by academia, religion, politics and the public (see Pinker´s excellent book ``The Blank Slatè`). His statement (p3) that it is meaningless to ask if religion is genetic is mistaken as the percentage of variation of any behavior due to genes and environment can be studied, just as they are for all other behaviors (see e.g., Pinker). The title should be Preliminary Attempts to Explain Some Aspects of Primitive Religion, since he does not treat higher consciousness at all (e.g., satori, enlightenment etc.) which are by far the most interesting phenomena and the only part of religion of personal interest to intelligent, educated people in the 21st century. Reading this entire book, you would never guess such things exist. Likewise, for the immense field of drugs and religion. It lacks a framework for rationality and does not mention the dual systems of thought view which is now so productive. For this I suggest my own recent papers. Nevertheless, the book has much of interest, and in spite of being dated is still worth reading. -/- Those wishing a comprehensive up to date framework for human behavior from the modern two systems view may consult my book 'The Logical Structure of Philosophy, Psychology, Mind and Language in Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Searle' 2nd ed (2019). Those interested in more of my writings may see 'Talking Monkeys--Philosophy, Psychology, Science, Religion and Politics on a Doomed Planet--Articles and Reviews 2006-2019 3rd ed (2019), The Logical Structure of Human Behavior (2019), and Suicidal Utopian Delusions in the 21st Century 4th ed (2019) . (shrink)
Building on Nietzsche's Prelude: Reforming Epistemology for the Philosophy of the Future.Musa al-Gharbi - 2013 - Dissertation, University of Arizonadetails
Drawing from the "anti-philosophies" of Nietzsche and Wittgenstein, and deploying a methodology which synthesizes critical theory with evolutionary psychology and contemporary cognitive science, our analysis demonstrates: 1. Justifications, in any context, are oriented towards social manipulation and bear no relation to any "cognitive processes." 2. The role of logic is overstated, both with regards to our justifications, and also our cognition. 3. Truth and falsity are socio-linguistic functions which have no bearing on any "objective reality." Insofar as these claims (...) are correct, the methods and aims (both normative and descriptive) of "classical epistemology" are invalidated. We offer up a proposal as to what a more useful/meaningful epistemology might look like, exploring how such a reformulation might affect conceptions of "knowledge" and "rationality.". (shrink)
Higher-Order Defeat in Realist Moral Epistemology.Brian C. Barnett - 2020 - In Michael Klenk (ed.), Higher Order Evidence and Moral Epistemology. New York: pp. 117-135.details
On an optimistic version of realist moral epistemology, a significant range of ordinary moral beliefs, construed in realist terms, constitute knowledge—or at least some weaker positive epistemic status, such as epistemic justification. The "debunking challenge" to this view grants prima facie justification but claims that it is "debunked" (i.e., defeated), yielding the final verdict that moral beliefs are ultima facie unjustified. Notable candidate "debunkers" (i.e., defeaters) include the so-called "evolutionary debunking arguments," the "Benacerraf-Field Challenge," and persistent moral disagreement (...) among epistemic peers. Such defeaters are best treated as higher-order evidence—viz., evidence contesting the merits of the first-order evidence on which moral beliefs are based. This chapter first develops a theory of higher-order defeat in general, which it then applies to debunking in particular. The result: the challenge fails entirely on epistemic grounds—regardless of whether or not its empirical and metaphysical presuppositions are correct. An advantage of this purely epistemic defense over alternative strategies is that the former extends even to laypersons who themselves lack the expertise necessary to formulate an adequate response. However, this leaves open the prospects for non-epistemological interpretations of debunking (e.g., moral or ontological). The chapter therefore concludes with brief suggestions in that direction. (shrink)
Does the New Classicism Need Evolutionary Theory?Ray Scott Percival - 2016 - In Elizabeth Millán (ed.), After the Avant-Gardes: Reflections on the Future of the Fine Arts. Chicago: Open Court Publishers. pp. 109-126.details
In what way might the new classicism gain support from evolutionary theory? My rough answer is that evolutionary theory can help defend a return to more classical artistic standards and also explain why classical standards are not simply imposed by social conditioning or by powerful elites, but arise naturally from something more fundamental in the human constitution. Classical standards and themes are an expression of our evolutionary history. The mind can be seen as a biological organ or (...) function, produced by evolutionary selection pressure. The most arguable and interesting expression of this point of view is that which says that the human mind is more like a Swiss army knife than a general-purpose computer or sponge for information. Our minds are modular. First propounded by Jerry Fodor, the idea was taken up by evolutionary psychologists and fleshed out with a history. Evolution has given us cognitive modules, partly self-contained mental "machines" that are attuned to solving problems with a narrowly defined domain. Darwinian evolution has shaped our minds in particular ways that fundamentally affect our evaluation of everything we perceive and therefore our appreciation of art. I draw out a surprising implication of combining the modular view with evolution: that our aesthetic standards may, to some extent, be fragmented and not quite as universal as held by the orthodox defence of classical art. (shrink)
Moral Knowledge Without Justification? A Critical Discussion of Intuitionist Moral Epistemology.Philipp Schwind - 2014 - Dissertation, University of Miamidetails
In this dissertation I discuss the epistemology of ethical intuitionism, in particular the claim that mature moral agents possess self-evident moral knowledge. Traditional intuitionists such as W.D. Ross have claimed that by reflection, we can acquire knowledge of our basic moral duties such as the duty of veracity or benevolence. Recent defenders of intuitionism such as Robert Audi have further developed this theory and argued that adequate understanding can be sufficient for moral knowledge. I criticize this view and argue (...) that such accounts fail to make a convincing case for a foundationalist moral epistemology. Instead, I propose to separate the question of how we acquire moral knowledge from an account that justifies moral beliefs. In response to the first issue, I draw an analogy between our moral intuitions and chosmkian linguistics; in both areas, I argue, human beings possess a universal, unconscious and (partly) inaccessible system of rules that explains how we come to learn language and to make moral judgments. In regards to the justificatory issue, I address recent evolutionary debunking arguments designed to undermine the claim that our moral judgments track stance-independent truths. I try to show that this conclusion only follows under the assumption of an instrumentalist interpretation of moral reasoning which the intuitionist is not forced to accept. (shrink)
Critique of Sarcastic Reason: The Epistemology of the Cognitive Neurological Ability Called "Theory-of-Mind" and Deceptive Reasoning.William Brant - 2012 - Riga, Latvia: Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften.details
Critique of Sarcastic Reason is a philosophical dissertation that combines several different fields in order to pave the way for those studying sarcasm at the neurobiological, communicative and socio-political levels of analysis where sarcasm appears, respectively, through associated brain activity, between two or more individuals with higher level metabeliefs, and as a method by which political, religious and other social ideologies are attacked (i.e., one form of "biting sarcasm"). The academic disciplines involved in Critique of Sarcastic Reason include social cognitive (...) and developmental psychology, neuroscience, critical theory, modern and contemporary philosophy of mind, evolutionary biology, logic, metaphysics and epistemology. Sarcasm is argued to only function at the highest levels of metacognition, and sarcasm occurs within social situations during which there are tendencies for two or more people to form desires and disgusts directly related to beliefs about beliefs. Sarcasm is compared to deception and is argued to be best analyzed as either spontaneous or rehearsed. (shrink)
Review of Erik J. Wielenberg's "Robust Ethics: The Metaphysics and Epistemology of Godless Normative Realism". [REVIEW]Thomas Pölzler - 2015 - Ethical Perspectives 22 (3):509-513.details
Erik Wielenberg's new book Robust Ethics: The Metaphysics and Epistemology of Godless Normative Realism aims at defending a non-theistic of 'robust normative realism': the metaethical view that normative properties exist, and have four features: (1) objectivity, (2) non-naturalness, (3) irreducibility, and (4) causal inertness. In my review I criticize that Wielenberg does not address semantic issues which are crucial both to defending robust normative realism, and to assessing the empirical claims he makes. Moreover, and relatedly, I suggest that Wielenberg's (...) main psychological and evolutionary claims may be less well-founded than suggested. Despite these worries, however, Robust Ethics is a highly valuable contribution to metaethics. Wielenberg's writing is extremely accessible, engaging, witty, and clear, he develops various fascinating novel arguments, and skilfully links analytic reflections with the consideration of empirical data. (shrink)
De dierlijke rede, of: kennen om te overleven.Pouwel Slurink - 1992 - Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte.details
Evolutionary epistemology explains knowledge as an adaptation (or series of adaptations) which enables animals to behave adaptively in their environment. The aim of knowledge, then, is to act. Our knowledge-apparatus was never designed to understand the nature of the universe.
Consciousness as an Adaptation. What Animals Feel and Why.Pouwel Slurink - 2016 - In Andreas Blank (ed.), Animals. New Essays. Munich: Philosophia Verlag. pp. 303-332.details
Evolutionary epistemology (Lorenz, Vollmer) and value-driven decision theory (Pugh) are used to explain the fundamental properties of consciousness. It is shown that this approach is compatible with global workspace theory (Baars) and global neuronal workspace theory (De Haene). The emotions are, however, that what drives consciousness. A hypothetical evolutionary tree of the emotions is given – intended to show that consciousness evolves and is probably qualitatively different in different groups of animals.
Why Some Apes Became Humans, Competition, Consciousness, and Culture.Pouwel Slurink - 2002 - Dissertation, Radboud Universitydetails
Chapter 1 (To know in order to survive) & Chapter 2 (A critique of evolved reason) explain human knowledge and its limits from an evolutionary point of view. Chapter 3 (Captured in our Cockpits) explains the evolution of consciousness, using value driven decision theory. Chapter 4-6 (Chapter 4 Sociobiology, Chapter 5 Culture: the Human Arena), Chapter 6, Genes, Memes, and the Environment) show that to understand culture you have at least to deal with 4 levels: genes, brains, the environment, (...) culture. Chapter 7-8 (Why some apes became humans) give a model of human evolution in which Alexander's concept of 'ecological dominace' plays a crucial role. (shrink)
Epistemological and Theoretical Foundations of Constructivist Cognitive Therapies: Post-Rationalist Developments.Juan Balbi - 2008 - Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and Neuro Sciences 1 (1):15-27.details
The constructivist perspective has shed new light on the conception of psychopathology and the practice of psychotherapy, surmounting the shortcomings of behaviorism and rationalist cognitive thought, by abandoning the empiricist principle of associationism. In this field, Vittorio Guidano introduced the Cognitive Post -Rationalist model, influenced by attachment theory, evolutionary epistemology, complex systems theory, and the prevalence of abstract mental processes proposed by Hayeck. Guidano conceives the personal system as a self-organized entity, in constant development. The role of the (...) post - rationalist therapist is to strategically upset the system in search of newer and more flexible ways to construct personal experience. (shrink)
A Cognitive Perspective on Scientific Realism.Michael Vlerick - 2019 - Philosophical Psychology 32 (8):1157-1178.details
The debate about scientific realism is concerned with the relation between our scientific theories and the world. Scientific realists argue that our best theories or components of those theories correspond to the world. Anti-realists deny such a correspondence. Traditionally, this central issue in the philosophy of science has been approached by focusing on the theories themselves (e.g., by looking at theory change or the underlying experimental context). I propose a relatively unexplored way to approach this old debate. In addition to (...) focusing on the theory, we should focus on the theorizer. More precisely, in order to determine on which component of a theory we should hinge a realist commitment, we should analyze the cognitive processes underlying scientific theorizing. In this paper I do just that. Drawing from recent developments in the cognitive sciences and evolutionary epistemology, I formulate some tentative conclusions. The aim of this paper is not so much to defend a particular position in the debate on scientific realism but to showcase the value of taking a cognitive perspective in the debate. (shrink)
Principles of Information Processing and Natural Learning in Biological Systems.Predrag Slijepcevic - forthcoming - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie.details
The key assumption behind evolutionary epistemology is that animals are active learners or 'knowers'. In the present study, I updated the concept of natural learning, developed by Henry Plotkin and John Odling-Smee, by expanding it from the animal-only territory to the biosphere-as-a-whole territory. In the new interpretation of natural learning the concept of biological information, guided by Peter Corning's concept of "control information", becomes the 'glue' holding the organism–environment interactions together. The control information guides biological systems, from bacteria (...) to ecosystems, in the process of natural learning executed by the universal algorithm. This algorithm, summarized by the acronym IGPT incorporates natural cognitive methods including sensing/perception, memory, communication, and decision-making. Finally, the biosphere becomes the distributed network of communicative interactions between biological systems termed the interactome. The concept of interactome is based on Gregory Bateson's natural epistemology known as the "ecology of mind". Mimicking Bateson's approach, the interactome may also be designated "physiology of mind"—the principle behind regulating the biosphere homeostasis. (shrink)
No Coincidence?Matthew S. Bedke - 2014 - Oxford Studies in Metaethics 9:102-125.details
This paper critically examines coincidence arguments and evolutionary debunking arguments against non-naturalist realism in metaethics. It advances a version of these arguments that goes roughly like this: Given a non-naturalist, realist metaethic, it would be cosmically coincidental if our first order normative beliefs were true. This coincidence undermines any prima facie justification enjoyed by those beliefs.
Natural Selection Does Care About Truth.Maarten Boudry & Michael Vlerick - 2014 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 28 (1):65-77.details
True beliefs are better guides to the world than false ones. This is the common-sense assumption that undergirds theorizing in evolutionary epistemology. According to Alvin Plantinga, however, evolution by natural selection does not care about truth: it cares only about fitness. If our cognitive faculties are the products of blind evolution, we have no reason to trust them, anytime or anywhere. Evolutionary naturalism, consequently, is a self-defeating position. Following up on earlier objections, we uncover three additional flaws (...) in Plantinga's latest formulation of his argument: a failure to appreciate adaptive path dependency, an incoherent conception of content ascription, and a conflation of common-sense and scientific beliefs, which we diagnose as the 'foundationalist fallacy'. More fundamentally, Plantinga's reductive formalism with respect to the issue of cognitive reliability is inadequate to deal with relevant empirical details. (shrink)
De kloof tussen zin en zijn. Darwinisme, doelen en ons zoeken naar zin.Pouwel Slurink - 1993 - In University of Nijmegen Ria van den Brandt (ed.), Het heil van de filosofie. Baarn, the Netherlands: Ambo. pp. 116-147.details
Philosophical questions can often be answered using evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology. Of course, one needs a sound epistemology and philosophy os science to do so. Phenomenology and hermeneutics offer no escape route, however, because they are based on a wrong model of science. Evolutionary biology can explain teleology, the organization of nature, altruïsm, morality, and even our quest for meaning.
In Defence of Epistemic Relativism: The Concept of Truth in Georg Simmel's Philosophy of Money.Johannes Steizinger - 2015 - Proceedings of the 38th International Ludwig Wittgenstein-Symposium:300−302.details
As one of the first modern philosophers, Georg Simmel systematically developed a "relativistic world view" (Simmel 2004, VI). In this paper I attempt to examine Simmel's relativistic answer to the question of truth. I trace his main arguments regarding the concept of truth and present his justification of epistemic relativism. In doing so, I also want to show that some of Simmel's claims are surprisingly timely. Simmel's relativistic concept of truth is supported by an evolutionary argument. The first part (...) of this paper outlines that pragmatic foundation of his epistemology. The second part of the paper shows that Simmel develops what today would be called a coherence theory of truth. He presents his coherentist view that every belief is true only in relation to another one primarily as a theory of epistemic justification. The third part turns to Simmel's original way of dealing with the (in)famous self-refutation charge against relativism. (shrink)
Friedrich Nietzsche's Flirt met Paradoxen en Chaos.Pouwel Slurink - 1992 - In Erik Heijerman & Winnie Wouters (eds.), Crisis van de rede. Perspectieven op cultuur. Assen, the Netherlands: van Gorcum. pp. 239-249.details
Lecture on Nietzsche's relativism and perspectivism given at a conference on the 'crisis of reason' in Amersfoort, the Netherlands, October 26, 1991. Nietzsche claims that truth does not exist and knowledge is not possible, because knowledge serves life and is bound to an organic position. In fact, this is a paradox that refutes itself. Knowledge has evolved precisely because organisms must have limited, perspectivistic knowledge of their environment from a subjective point of view. In science, subjectivity can even be transcended (...) to some extent by making models that take into account the effects of our subjective experience of the world. The fact that theories are 'just models', 'just interpretations' does not mean that knowledge is impossible, because models and interpretations can be improved, corrected and be more or less adequate. In fact, Nietzsche relativism is incompatible with his metaphysical, psychological and ethical claims which implicitly claim a kind of philosophical or scientific progress. (shrink)
SOCIAL VERIFICATION – HUMAN DIMENSONS OF THEORETICAL SCIENCE AND HIGH-TECH (CASUS BIOETHICS). Part Three. DYNAMICS OF GROWTH OF NEW KNOWLEDGE IN POSTACADEMICAL SCIENCE.Valentin Cheshko & Yulia Kosova - 2012 - Practical Philosophy 1:59-69.details
The new phase of science evolution is characterized by totality of subject and object of cognition and technology (high-hume). As a result, forming of network structure in a disciplinary matrix modern are «human dimensional» natural sciences and two paradigmal «nuclei» (attraktors). As a result, the complication of structure of disciplinary matrix and forming a few paradigm nuclei in modern «human dimensional» natural sciences are observed. In the process of social verification integration of scientific theories into the existent system of mental (...) and valued options of spiritual culture takes place. The attribute of classical science – ethics neutrality of scientific knowledge becomes an unattainable ideal. One of the trends in the evolution of theoretical epistemology is the study of migration mechanisms of generation of scientific knowledge from the sphere of its own logic and methodology of science in the field of sociology - the consideration of this process, as the resulting system of interactions of social structures and institutions. Ensuing ideas and settings become the dominant worldview of philosophical and technological civilization. -/- . (shrink)
Aap zoekt zin. Waarom wij bewustzijn, vrije wil, cultuur e religie hebben. ISVW, 2014.Pouwel Slurink - 2014 - Leusden, the Netherlands: ISVW.details
Il pragmatismo di Nietzsche. Saggi sul pensiero prospettivistico.Pietro Gori - 2016 - Mimesis.details
Il pensiero prospettivistico del Nietzsche maturo sorge come reazione alla «fede in un valore metafisico e in sé della verità» che, a partire da Platone, ha animato la cultura occidentale. Agli occhi di Nietzsche, tale fede si trova all'origine del processo di degenerazione antropologica che ha caratterizzato la morale europea, ed è pertanto su di essa che occorre operare criticamente se si vuole avviare un contromovimento in grado di permettere all'umanità di orientarsi nei meandri labirintici del nichilismo. Attraverso una contestualizzazione (...) delle riflessioni di Nietzsche sul tema del prospettivismo, il presente studio si propone di rilevare la componente pragmatista che si trova alla base di tale critica. In linea con quanto osservato da William James e condividendo molte delle istanze che il suo pragmatismo portò a maturazione, il pensiero prospettivistico di Nietzsche si presenta infatti come strategia per gestire lo svuotamento di senso della nozione di verità a cui conducono i risultati della moderna epistemologia. Esso consiste, in particolare, in una metodologia di orientamento che assume produttivamente su di sé gli spazi lasciati aperti da un sapere non più metafisico e dogmatico e che, pertanto, permette di avviare un nuovo percorso educativo per l'umanità a venire. (shrink)
Non-Naturalist Moral Realism and the Limits of Rational Reflection.Max Khan Hayward - 2018 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 96 (4):724-737.details
This essay develops the epistemic challenge to non-naturalist moral realism. While evolutionary considerations do not support the strongest claims made by 'debunkers', they do provide the basis for an inductive argument that our moral dispositions and starting beliefs are at best partially reliable. So, we need some method for separating truth from falsity. Many non-naturalists think that rational reflection can play this role. But rational reflection cannot be expected to bring us to truth even from reasonably accurate starting points. (...) Reflection selects views that are coherent and conflict-free, yet there is no reason to think that the non-natural moral truth must be like this. Inasmuch as we seek coherent, conflict-free, ethical viewpoints, that suggests that our goal is not non-natural truth at all. (shrink)
Darwinian 'Blind' Hypothesis Formation Revisited.Maria E. Kronfeldner - 2010 - Synthese 175 (2):193--218.details
Over the last four decades arguments for and against the claim that creative hypothesis formation is based on Darwinian 'blind' variation have been put forward. This paper offers a new and systematic route through this long-lasting debate. It distinguishes between undirected, random, and unjustified variation, to prevent widespread confusions regarding the meaning of undirected variation. These misunderstandings concern Lamarckism, equiprobability, developmental constraints, and creative hypothesis formation. The paper then introduces and develops the standard critique that creative hypothesis formation is guided (...) rather than blind, integrating developments from contemporary research on creativity. On that basis, I discuss three compatibility arguments that have been used to answer the critique. These arguments do not deny guided variation but insist that an important analogy exists nonetheless. These compatibility arguments all fail, even though they do so for different reasons: trivialisation, conceptual confusion, and lack of evidence respectively. Revisiting the debate in this manner not only allows us to see where exactly a 'Darwinian' account of creative hypothesis formation goes wrong, but also to see that the debate is not about factual issues, but about the interpretation of these factual issues in Darwinian terms. (shrink)
Man, Death & Ethics.Walentin W. Wasielewski - manuscriptdetails
Aim of work: the research of the determination and destination of human for nature and cognition. The basis of the research is Karl Raimund Popper's article «Evolutionary epistemology». A critical analysis of Popper's proposed theses and the scheme of theory evolution is conducted. The signifi-cance of the occurrence of the system of tenses of the language as an implication of the descriptive function of the language is noted. The issue with which the cycle of evolution of life and (...) cognition begins is revealed. The language is included in the scheme proposed by Popper. As a result of the reasoning the pivotal feature of the human essence is identified: awareness the problem of death. This awareness makes it possible to relate oneself to the problem, which is the reason for the presence of the most aggregate evaluation categories: «good» and «evil». This is how a person may determine the purpose of evolution: overcoming the problem. In contrast to nature, the evolution of which is aimed at avoiding the problem. Having reached the goal, a person will go beyond himself as a phe-nomenon defined by the awareness of the problem. In this case, self-transcendence is a person's tran-sition to a new quality. The role of philosophy in the procedures of self-transcendence occurring in contemporary society is discussed. (shrink)
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I was looking for something exactly like this this morning and now I've found it, so thank you for this. One question (since I waded through a few pretty tedious analyses of the Stevens poem and the question wasn't addressed in any of them), do you know whether Stevens was aware of this beautiful Asian creature or did he use the word "firecat" poetically, i.e., suggestively? I'm still considering yesterday's Kafka/Adorno post, which provides plenty to think about.
Well, just to get the critical ball & chain rolling... here are some Firecats (Red Pandas) playing at the Chengdu Panda Research Station -- which is the site of the second photo in the post, the one directly beneath the Stevens poem.
The academic criticism of this poem, like the academic criticism of every Stevens poem, coats my already dull brain with a redundant glaze.
It "must be some sort of manifesto," declares Helen Vendler with the tempting lure of an oracle, "but of what was it the proclamation?"
I've discovered an article by an academic from Antwerp (yet), cautioning against "eco-readings" of this poem.
And yes, I too, here in the dark, broken leg and all, have spent much of the night asking myself repeatedly, "Did Stevens know what a firecat is/was?"
On the other hand, upon arising, the mistress of the manor has suggested, with characteristic sensibleness, that Stevens may have been thinking about wild fires moving across the prairie, and thus using "firecat" metaphorically.
"Thence I went through Nebraska and Iowa (which is a superb state) and on to Niagara Falls and to New York and home. The best thing I saw was a lightning storm on the prairie. I leaned out of the smoking-room window and watched the incessant forks darting down to the horizon. Now and then great clouds would flare and the ground would flash with yellow shadows."
But Oklahoma would be a bit out of the way, if one were leaving Nebraska, headed East.
"Oh! hic - keep to the middle of the road/Oh! hic - keep to the middle of the road/Don't look to the right/Don't look to the left/But keep to the middle of the road."
Oh, well, boys will be boys (hic).
But... he said stubbornly... the poem actually makes more sense to me and gives me more pleasure of mind and spirit if I read it in the belief that the poet DOES know what he is talking about, the real animal, and is not simply uttering meaningless phantasmagoric "modernist" (or "post"-etc.) gibberish.
So: you heard it here first: Earthy Anecdote is absolutely about that beautiful and elusive endangered creature, native to the Himalayas, Ailuris fulgens.
That's the conclusion I reached also, using a process very similar to yours. I encountered the "eco-reading" reference also and was again reminded that sometimes you run into words that usefully say to you, "stay away -- you have better things to do". I hope your leg is healing and not giving you too much pain. Every day, I am slightly less stiff from my shoveling accident, but every time I twist myself badly the recovery period lengthens. We have new storms on the way, which will be inconvenient. "Redundant glaze" -- I like that.
"Until today I had never seen a picture of a firecat. What a beautiful animal. But, as you know, not native to Oklahoma. I guess Stevens liked to put things in states he didn't go to (the jar in Tennessee, for example) and see what happened. This poem is a semi-pantoum for children. And, like the jar poem, it has an undercurrent of hilarity."
Look at that firecat (Red Panda) asleep in a tree (Johnny will love this when he gets back), wonder if he's related to that red-tailed hawk who's screeching out here. . . .
Yes, I like Ron's note about it being "a semi-pantoum for children," and linking it to the jar in Tennesee, and your insistence that WS knew what firecats are. And I am hoping your leg is on the quick road to complete recovery. . . .
Well, now I know what a pantoum is, and have figured out what a semi-pantoum would be also. This afternoon, we saw the fox who spends time around our house, which is always really special. It reminded me of the firecat. Caroline just said that she thinks he's a Roberts now, which was nice to hear. Some other things aside, it was a pretty productive day.
Or maybe it was that "lightning storm on the prairie" -- reimagined as a cat. (I was driving across the Nevada desert a few years ago, saw lone telephone pole beside road burning (struck by the lighting that was now off above the ridge to the north -- what a vision). Off soon to Denver, we'll see. . . .
Thanks, Ed. Actually there's a bit of pain in the lower quadrant of the pantoum this morning, but I'm advised not to share the thrilling details.
Curtis, you perhaps knew that the Chinese call Ailuris fulgens "fire fox"?
I admire and envy your mobility (especially as I currently have none).
Here's hoping Denver proves propitious, as we're sure it will, for you.
In fact, whatever it is you've been doing -- nearly getting hit by lightning & c. - seems to be working brilliantly, if the adept manipulation of consonants and vowels in poetry is to be taken as an indicator.
twould Olivier had made the ENTIRE play..
to hear the rhythms & diction of the actors DOING Shakespeare no matter WHO wrote "Shakespeare"
"is there not rain enough to wash away (etc)..."
(and the play on the 3 or four meanings of "rain"..
The enigma of poetry is integral to its power - as in this Stevens poem. There is an interesting article in the new London Review of Books concerning the origin of the boar in more than one of Paul Celan's poems, which sort of runs parallel to the speculation here. The article isn't available in full online, however, there is a discussion of Celan's boar in the review of a new novel by Lawrence Norfolk.
All of this is interwoven with an accusation by Yvan Goll and his widow of plagiarism as Celan translated a volume of Goll's work. However, the boar clearly appears in an earlier poem by Celan, as well as later poems. His reluctance to defend himself only obliquely adds even another layer of mystery. In the LRB article, Celan himself wonders where the boar came from.
Yes, Don, the enigma wrapped in the mystery and the Chinese-boxes layering of everything we don't know in and/or about the poem... somehow adding to its ripples, its reverberations.
"and the play on the 3 or four meanings of 'rain'..."


text:
Future of English-speaking Quebecers is core element for Modernization of Official Languages Act Français
Quebec Community Groups Network (QCGN)
May 28, 2018, 18:51 ET
OTTAWA, May 28, 2018 /CNW Telbec/ - The Quebec Community Groups Network (QCGN) spoke up today as part of the Modernization of the Official Languages Act.
"The Act is a lifeline for English-speaking Quebec," QCGN President Jim Shea told a hearing of the Senate Standing Committee on Official Languages. "The Act is the only language rights legislation that protects the interests of English-speaking Quebecers as a community. It sets out quasi-constitutional rights for English-speaking Quebecers, including the right to access federal services in English, the representation of English-speakers in the federal public service, and those workers' right to work in English.
"Further, it provides the framework for much-needed financial support for the community's institutions and networks."
However, QCGN Vice-President Geoffrey Chambers added, "as an official language minority, the English-speaking community faces similar challenges to those faced by the French-speaking minority communities." In 2011, Chambers recalled, the Standing Committee recognized the English-speaking community of Quebec as part of a "unique social, political, economic and cultural context" deserving of recognition. "This unique context must be taken into account in any discussion on the modernization of the Act," Chambers said.
English-speaking Quebecers face a degree of economic exclusion not faced by French-speakers outside Quebec, he said. English-speakers have a lower median income and a higher unemployment rate than their French-speaking counterparts in Quebec. Aside from New Brunswick, Quebec is the sole province where the linguistic minority has a lower median income than the majority.
QCGN Board Member Eva Ludvig told the committee that specific measures are required to build capacity within the English-speaking community in Quebec to speak and act with a full and influential voice at the national level. Members of the English-speaking community within Quebec currently constitute more than half the minority-language population across Canada.
However, she said, English-speaking Quebec "is not currently resourced to equally participate in national level official languages' discussions." Ludvig's background includes two decades as the Quebec Representative of the Commissioner of Official Languages.
The Quebec Community Groups Network is a not-for-profit organization bringing together 56 English-language community organizations across Quebec. As a centre of evidence-based expertise and collective action it identifies, explores and addresses strategic issues affecting the development and vitality of the English-speaking community of Quebec and encourages dialogue and collaboration among its member organizations, individuals, community groups, institutions and leaders.
SOURCE Quebec Community Groups Network (QCGN)
For further information: Katia Toimil-Bramhall, Communications Officer, [email protected], Telephone: 514-868-9044, ext. 227
http://www.qcgn.ca/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Walter Brennan
American actor (1894-1974)
Walter Andrew Brennan (July 25, 1894 – September 21, 1974) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. He was in the TV series The Real McCoys. He is tied with Jack Nicholson for the actor winning the most Academy Awards.
Brennan in November 1958
Brennan was born in Lynn, Massachusetts on July 25, 1894[1] and studied at Rindge Technical High School.[2] He was married to Ruth Wells from 1920 until his death in 1974, they had three children. He died on September 21, 1974 in Oxnard, California from emphysema, aged 80.
↑ World War I Draft Records, Essex County, Massachusetts; Roll: 1684678; Draft Board: 24.
↑ WALTER BRENNAN PAPERS, 1895-1974, Donald C. & Elizabeth M. Dickinson Research Center, National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum
Other websitesEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Walter Brennan.
Walter Brennan on IMDb
Walter Brennan at the TCM Movie Database
Walter Brennan at AllMovie
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Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter_Brennan&oldid=8559300"
This page was last changed on 26 November 2022, at 22:16.


3 DOULAS 3 BIRTHS 3 AMAZING BEGINNINGS!!!
DOULA! A 60 minute documentary film following three birth doulas as they support women before, during and after birth. Also features postnatal doulas.
Features actual footage of three doula-supported births (two home water births and a birth that progresses to a caesarean section).
A powerful highly emotional film that shows doulas in action at the sharp end of life's greatest adventure!
A short extract from the Doula! film won the Midwifery Today Short Film Contest announced at the Midwifery Today conference in Strasbourg September 2010.


text:
Надежда Ивановна Межакова (1 декабря 1987) — российская футболистка, вратарь.

Биография
Воспитанница белгородского футбола, первый тренер — Эдуард Васильевич Ермаков. С 2003 года выступала во взрослых соревнованиях в первом дивизионе за белгородскую «Викторию».

В 2004 году принимала участие в чемпионате мира среди 19-летних девушек в Таиланде, сборная России стала четвертьфиналистом соревнований.

С 2009 года выступала за «Зоркий» (Красногорск), вместе с командой прошла путь от второго дивизиона до высшего. Победительница зонального и финального турнира второй лиги 2009 года, победительница финального турнира первой лиги 2010 года. Однако после выхода клуба в высший дивизион утратила место в основном составе и провела на этом уровне только два матча, пропустив 4 гола. Дебютную игру в высшем дивизионе сыграла 1 октября 2012 года против «Измайлово», а спустя неделю отыграла матч против пермской «Звезды-2005». Также вышла на поле в одной игре Лиги чемпионов — 4 октября 2012 года с исландским «Стьярнаном».

После ухода из «Зоркого» выступала в Москве в студенческих соревнованиях. В 2017 году играла за клуб первой лиги «Челси» (Москва).

Примечания

Ссылки

 Профиль на сайте womenfootball.ru

Футболистки России
Игроки ЖФК «Зоркий»

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Le goût du Bonheur - 6.10.64 XIII - After P. Picasso, 1998
12 3/5 × 9 3/5 × 1/10 in
This is a non-editioned multiple.
Wallector
Only Exhibition
Le goût du Bonheur - 6.10.64 XIII is a black and white lithograph printed in 1998 from an original …
Le goût du Bonheur - 6.10.64 XIII is a black and white lithograph printed in 1998 from an original artwork realized by Pablo Picasso in 1964.
The original artwork of 1964 was part of the portfolio "Le Goût du Bonheur (The Taste of Happiness): A Suite of Happy, Playful, and Erotic Drawings." published in 1970 …
Le Goût du Bonheur (The Taste of Happiness): A Suite of Happy, Playful, and Erotic Drawings.
Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York
A prolific and tireless innovator of art forms, Pablo Picasso impacted the course of 20th-century art with unparalleled magnitude. Inspired by African and Iberian art and developments in the world around him, Picasso contributed significantly to a number of artistic movements, notably Cubism, Surrealism, Neoclassicism, and Expressionism. Along with Georges Braque, Picasso is best known for pioneering Cubism in an attempt to reconcile three-dimensional space with the two-dimensional picture plane, once asking, "Are we to paint what's on the face, what's inside the face, or what's behind it?" Responding to the Spanish Civil War, he painted his most famous work, Guernica (1937), whose violent images of anguished figures rendered in grisaille made it a definitive work of anti-war art. "Painting is not made to decorate apartments," he said. "It's an offensive and defensive weapon against the enemy." Picasso's sizable oeuvre includes over 20,000 paintings, prints, drawings, sculptures, ceramics, theater sets, and costume designs.
Other works by Pablo Picasso
Cote d 'Azur, 1957
Exposition de la Paix, 1949
L'Aveille, 1936-42
Galerie Jean-François Cazeau
The Painter II | Le peintre II, 1963
Gilden's Art Gallery
Pignon, 1954
Vallauris Exposition 1954, 1954
Nature Morte à la Pastèque, 1962
Tête de femme n°2, Dora Maar, 1939
Other works from Wallector
New York City: Plaza, 1981 (1964)
Plate II - From "Suite Papillon", 1969
Plate V - From "Suite Papillon", 1969
Appareil et Main, 1974
Plate I - From "Suite Papillon", 1969
Plate IV - From "Suite Papillon", 1969
Plate VI - From "Suite Papillon", 1969
Illustration from "Pater Noster", 1966
Tienta en España - (After S. Dalí), 1983
Cathédrale , 1971
BOCCARA ART
La Revue Blanche - After P. Bonnard, 1951
Persephata, 1988
Art Lithographies
From Maravillas con Variaciones Acrosticas en el Jardin de Miro, 1975
David Barnett Gallery
Jane Avril (after H. de Toulouse-Lautrec), 1951
Nu aux Oranges, 2007
ByNewArt
From 'Derrière le Miroir - Tàpies: Objets et Grands Formats', 1972
Eames Fine Art
French, 1882–1963


The Costco Northwesst USA Fan Pages is a fan page dedicated to US Costco Fans in Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah and Washington.
Every Monday, Costco releases dozens of SECRET UNADVERTISED SALE ITEMS. Don't miss out on these weekly deals! Visit this page to get updates every Monday!! Coconorthwest.com is the only place to go on the Internet to find out what items are currently on sale at Costco and how much they cost.


You can just spot the shadow of one of the riders – honest!
There might be a few more snow showers tonight but tomorrow looks like a good day, sunny periods with just the chance of a light shower in the afternoon. It will feel colder, especially out of the sun, so perhaps another layer would be wise. Wednesday looks like a cold clear winters day with the sun shining all day with maybe the odd cloud bothering the peaks, I wouldn't be surprised if there is a cheeky breeze at altitude. Thursday looks pretty similar, a couple of degrees warmer perhaps. Currently it looks like there will be a few more clouds on Friday but still plenty of sunny periods, the temperatures will be a little more spring like.


text:
package org.keycloak.testsuite.util;

import org.keycloak.models.UserCredentialModel;
import org.keycloak.models.utils.ModelToRepresentation;
import org.keycloak.representations.idm.ClientRepresentation;
import org.keycloak.representations.idm.CredentialRepresentation;
import org.keycloak.representations.idm.RealmRepresentation;

import static org.keycloak.models.utils.KeycloakModelUtils.getDefaultClientAuthenticatorType;

/**
 * This is a client-side version of KeycloakModelUtils that uses the adminClient to
 * manipulate the model.
 *
 * @author Stan Silvert ssilvert@redhat.com (C) 2016 Red Hat Inc.
 */
public class KeycloakModelUtils {

    public static ClientRepresentation createClient(RealmRepresentation realm, String name) {
        ClientRepresentation app = new ClientRepresentation();
        app.setName(name);
        app.setClientId(name);
        realm.getClients().add(app);
        app.setClientAuthenticatorType(getDefaultClientAuthenticatorType());
        generateSecret(app);
        app.setFullScopeAllowed(true);

        return app;
    }

    public static CredentialRepresentation generateSecret(ClientRepresentation client) {
        UserCredentialModel secret = UserCredentialModel.generateSecret();
        client.setSecret(secret.getValue());
        return ModelToRepresentation.toRepresentation(secret);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


While the team has one of the worst records in the National Football League (NFL) on the field this season, at the Statehouse, they are suddenly invincible.
After 30 years of being unable to get to midfield with a plan to rebuild or replace the Bears' venerable but antiquated Soldier Field home, Bears President Ted Phillips seemed not to even break a sweat as he marched a $587-million renovation plan into the Illinois General Assembly's end zone last month.
Sure, he had help — from Mayor Richard M. Daley, lobbyist and former Gov. James R. Thompson and Bears minority owner and politically connected Aon Corp. CEO Patrick G. Ryan. But Mr. Phillips was the quarterback, calling the plays and moving the ball.
And the victory is a sweet one for the team. Almost two-thirds of the funding will come from the extension of a 2% tax on Chicago hotels that is still paying off the construction of Comiskey Park. The Bears will contribute $100 million directly, with another $100 million coming from an NFL loan that will be repaid from visiting-team ticket revenues.
But the Bears investment will be offset from revenues the team will take in from the sale of personal seat licenses, expected to generate at least $50 million. The Bears also will be allowed to sell naming rights to Soldier Field, a deal that several sports marketing experts say could be worth $300 million or more.
In exchange for taking responsibility for the project's potential cost overruns and schedule delays, the Bears also are being given an unusually free hand for a construction project on public property, with their own project manager and a trio of hand-picked construction management firms running the show. And that control goes beyond the $360 million that will be dedicated to the stadium overhaul, to the building of two underground garages and the restoration of almost 19 acres of parkland.
Now, if the Bears just devote the energy that they showed in Springfield to building a decent offense . . .


Shawn Mativetsky presents his new solo tabla album, Rivers, a rhythmic journey to Varanasi, India! Accompanied by George Koller on dilruba, this tabla solo recording is rooted in the rich traditions of the Benares style of tabla playing, combining creativity and spontaneity, voice and percussion. Exponent of the Benares gharana, Shawn Mativetsky is a disciple of the legendary Pandit Sharda Sahai.
This tabla solo is set in the principal rhythmic cycle of North Indian classical music, Teentaal, a 16-beat cycle. The Vilambit Laya (slow tempo) section focuses on theme-and-variation improvisation, while the Madhya Laya (medium tempo) section features fixed compositions. All the repertoire performed is traditional, having been passed down from generation to generation, from Guru (teacher) to shishya (disciple). The tabla solo is accompanied by a repeating melody, called lehra, which serves to provide an aural outline of the underlying cycle. Typically, a single melody is played throughout the entire solo, however for Rivers, five different ragas have been carefully selected, each specifically chosen to evoke a different mood, creating a distinctive flavour for each section of the solo.
We have no idea what to call this music. Improvised chamber music? Spontaneous world music? Jazz meets everything else? Instant collective creation? Four guys listening? There is only one thing for certain with OS,MB: there are no rules. Any sound, any harmony, any musical gesture – however beautiful or however ugly – is on the table, in real time, at any time. That's all we do.


text:
Sporothrix ramosissima är en svampart som beskrevs av G. Arnaud ex de Hoog 1974. Sporothrix ramosissima ingår i släktet Sporothrix och familjen Ophiostomataceae.   Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Blånadssvampar
ramosissima


text:
Mexico, Central / South America
Back to Africa Access »
Angola, New York
Angola, New York Angola, Southern Africa
Location: Evans in Erie County, New York,
"The community [of Angola] was previously called "Evans Station." Around 1854 or 1855, a post office was established there, bearing the name "Angola". The first postmaster was John H. Andrus, who later became county clerk. The new name was apparently chosen because, at that time, local residents (primarily Quakers) were supporting missionary efforts in the Portuguese colony of Angola in Africa. The economy of the village improved with the arrival of a railroad line in 1852." Wikipedia
Angola, Southern Africa
"The civilization the Africans left behind [in Angola] was highly developed and included rural villages, small towns and large urban centers. This area was rich in natural resources including a variety of tropical trees, wild game and fish, and assorted minerals such as silver and copper. The kingdom of Ndongo and the neighboring kingdom of Kongo were ruled by kings, but the villages were self-governing following local customs and legal traditions. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to explore and trade with the[local] populations…" History is Fun
Photo Credits: Village of Angola, Flickr
Map of Angola, Wikicommons
About "Discover Africa in The Americas"
Discover Africa in The Americas is a project of Africa Access and Howard University Center for African Studies
©2014-2019 by Brenda Randolph and The Carpeted Wall


New York: NASA is interested in studying how oceans and plant ecosystem take up carbon, and if the warming climate will prevent them from doing so in the future. Growing carbon emissions have become a concern for ecologists across the world and if these ecosystems someday stop absorbing carbon, the effects of climate change could be much more severe, scientists said.
NASA estimates that nearly half of the carbon emitted by humans is absorbed through these natural land and marine processes. But the agency is worried that it may change. As the carbon in the atmosphere warms up the climate, the heat may alter how marine and land ecosystem absorb carbon, The Verge reported.
To better understand how these natural carbon absorption processes work, NASA plans to use data gathered from upcoming NASA satellite missions and multi-year field campaigns to create models of how these ecosystem work. NASA has already gathered data for this purpose using its Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2, a satellite launched last year to measure carbon dioxide from the top of the atmosphere down to the planet s surface.
Other missions will involve flying over coral reefs and phytoplankton blooms to see how they were influenced by climate and changing ocean chemistry. The space agency also noted that new instruments would be added to the International Space Station to better observe plants and forests. The satellite data and field research will be used to create scientific models that can better predict how carbon-absorbing ecosystem will react to the changing climate.


text:
Q: Is this random walk well studied? Suppose that we have an ergodic finite Markov chain $C$ with a fintie state space $S$, and
we have random variables $X_s$ where $s\in S$. Consider
the following random walk
$S_0=0$ and $S_{i+1}=S_i +X_{C_i}$.
(In words, the random walk $S$ is somehow time-inhomogeneous.)
Is the property of this random walk well studied? Can I get some reference. Thanks.

A: This model is called random walk in random scenery. It was introduced by Harry Kesten and Frank Spitzer in 1979 in their paper A limit theorem related to a new class of self similar processes and is an active research subject: see the book Random Walk in Random And Non-Random Environments by Pál Révész, and the survey by Frank den Hollander and Jeffrey E. Steif, somewhat more oriented towards the ergodic properties.

A: Look for markov random walk or markov renewal process. It depends what you are interested in,  but that latter are discussed briefly in Ross' probability models.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home > Drugs/Therapy
Asthma Meds Could Increase Sleep Apnea Risk
Update Date: Mar 01, 2014 10:31 AM EST
In a new but small study, researchers discovered that taking certain asthma medications could increase one's risk of sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder that causes people to experience pauses in their breathing patterns during sleep. When left untreated, sleep apnea can greatly disrupt sleep, leading to sleep deprivation and health complications, such as hypertension, heart attack and stroke.
In this study, the researchers headed by Dr. Mihaela Teodorescu recruited 18 men and women participants who were diagnosed with asthma. The participants were taking 1,760 micrograms of the treatment, flucticasone (Flovent), which is inhaled. The researchers examined the participants for any changes in how their upper airways and tongue functioned during sleep.
The researchers found that all 18 of them had changes to these two specific areas that were similar to sleep apnea. For three of the patients, the researchers used MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging) to measure their fat levels and found that their fat redistributed to the neck area, which caused their airways to narrow.
"Inhaled corticosteroids may predispose to sleep apnea in some asthma patients," said Dr. Teodorescu, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, in Madison, reported by WebMD.
The researchers stated that the study was a pilot one and people with asthma should continue taking their prescribed steroids if the medications are working. The researchers also added that people with asthma who also snore should consider discussing the possibility of having sleep apnea with their doctors.
"We need a larger study," said Dr. Len Horovitz, a pulmonologist and internist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. "Time will tell when we look at a larger study."
The study was published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.
TagsAsthma, Sleep Apnea, medication, inhalation, steroids, Drugs, sleep deprivation, healt
Study Questions Whether Breastfeeding is Better than Bottle
Asthma Drug Helped Desensitize Body to Food Allergies at a Faster Rate
C-section Babies More Likely to Become Overweight Adults
Medical Homes Improve but Health Care Costs Remain the Same
Asthma, Diabetes Linked To Self-Harm, Suicide


text:
Entertainment October 22, 2017 View All
11 Surprising Facts About James Corden
11 Celebs Who Wore a Fat Suit for a Role
Everything We Need to Know About Harvey Weinstein
One of the most shocking victims of the fallout from Harvey Weinstein's bad behavior is host of CBS' Late Late Show, James Corden. The charming British singer and actor has found himself in the crosshairs for making several very poorly timed jokes at the expense of the ousted Hollywood producer. Whether you thought Corden's amFar speech was funny or not (and most didn't), it would be a shame if your entire body of knowledge about this multi-talented performer began and ended at some really dumb jokes he made at a benefit dinner. There's a lot to know about this London native who's been delighting audiences for two decades.
1. He's Been Going for the Laughs Since He Was a Child
Corden once recalled his first memory of getting a few laughs. It was an addiction from the beginning: "I was three and it was during my younger sister's christening and I was lifted up to stand on a chair so I could see. I looked out at the congregation of about thirty or forty people, but to me it seemed like thousands. And I started to do little dances on the chair and pull faces and turn around under my legs – and everyone burst out laughing. Even the vicar was laughing. And I can vividly remember something clicked and thinking, This feels amazing!"


Android News: 📷 [New Report] Is your brand missing thousands of online mentions?
📷 [New Report] Is your brand missing thousands of online mentions?
But what is visual listening and why is it important for marketers?


text:
Automated Test Mapping and Coverage for Network Topologies
Fulltext:
Per Erik Strandberg, Thomas Ostrand, Elaine Weyuker, Daniel Sundmark, Wasif Afzal
International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis
Communication devices such as routers and switches play a critical role in the reliable functioning of embedded system networks. Dozens of such devices may be part of an embedded system network, and they need to be tested in conjunction with various computational elements on actual hardware, in many different configurations that are representative of actual operating networks. An individual physical network topology can be used as the basis for a test system that can execute many test cases, by identifying the part of the physical network topology that corresponds to the configuration required by each individual test case. Given a set of available test systems and a large number of test cases, the problem is to determine for each test case, which of the test systems are suitable for executing the test case, and to provide the mapping that associates the test case elements (the logical network topology) with the appropriate elements of the test system (the physical network topology).We studied a real industrial environment where this problem was originally handled by a simple software procedure that was very slow in many cases, and also failed to provide thorough coverage of each network's elements. In this paper, we represent both the test systems and the test cases as graphs, and develop a new prototype algorithm that a) determines whether or not a test case can be mapped to a subgraph of the test system, b) rapidly finds mappings that do exist, and c) exercises diverse sets of network nodes when multiple mappings exist for the test case.The prototype has been implemented and applied to over 10,000 combinations of test cases and test systems, and reduced the computation time by a factor of more than 80 from the original procedure. In addition, relative to a meaningful measure of network topology coverage, the mappings achieved an increased level of thoroughness in exercising the elements of each test system.
@inproceedings{Strandberg5188,
author = {Per Erik Strandberg and Thomas Ostrand and Elaine Weyuker and Daniel Sundmark and Wasif Afzal},
title = {Automated Test Mapping and Coverage for Network Topologies},
month = {July},
booktitle = { International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis},


text:
HomeOffice of the SpokespersonPress Releases...Third U.S.-EU Trade and Technology Council Ministerial Meeting
Third U.S.-EU Trade and Technology Council Ministerial Meeting
Notice to the Press
On Monday, December 5, the United States will host the European Union for the third Trade and Technology Council (TTC) Ministerial Meeting at the University of Maryland, College Park.
The U.S. delegation will be led by United States Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken, Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo, and U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai. The EU delegation will be led by European Commission Executive Vice President Valdis Dombrovskis and European Commission Executive Vice President Margrethe Vestager.
During the meeting, the co-chairs will emphasize the importance of the transatlantic relationship and the need to reach economically meaningful outcomes for citizens and economies on both sides of the Atlantic.
Open press events and credential registration information are below. All events will be held at the E.A. Fernandez IDEA Factory at the University of Maryland, College Park (4462 Stadium Drive, College Park, MD 20740).
TTC Ministerial Events
The following events will feature the five TTC co-chairs at the IDEA Factory. Please register here and indicate which events you would like to attend. Event location and logistical details will be provided at a later date to registered media.
10:00 a.m. ET: U.S.-EU Strategic Discussion
Press: Camera spray at the top of the event; open to registered media.
12:45 p.m. ET: TTC Stakeholder Dialogue
Press: Due to space limitations in the room, a press pool will be formed after RSVPs are collected. Those in the pool will be contacted in advance of the event.
This event will be live-streamed on the State Department homepage and Youtube channel.
2:20 p.m. ET: Press Gaggle
Press: Open to registered media.
Please submit any media inquiries via the web form located on the Departments Information for Journalists page.
Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs European Union Office of the Spokesperson The Secretary of State Technology Trade Policy
Announcement of Joe Kennedy III as U.S. Special Envoy to Northern Ireland for Economic Affairs
The United States Imposes Sanctions on Russian Entities Involved in UAV Deal With Iran
Secretary Antony J. Blinken At a Stakeholders Roundtable