Expand to 38 photos (5 cars) found with sub-model of "american flag"
(from page 9 of the 2008 Collection) Performance White Mustang Saleen S281 AF coupe with a 465hp (at 5800rpm), 4.6 liter, 3 valve, Saleen supercharged V8 engine. The AF stands for American Flag because of is red, white, and blue accent stripes. The Saleen S281AF came in red, white, and blue; but only 8 cars of each color were built. This one has 20-inch Saleen wheels! Nine inch wide in the front and ten in the rear.
(from page 9 of the 2008 Collection) Performance White 2008 Mustang Saleen S281SC AF coupe, rear left view. The dual exhaust tips are routed to exit together in the center of the bumper.
(from page 9 of the 2008 Collection) Rear view of a Performance White 2008 Mustang Saleen S281 AF coupe with a supercharged 4.6L V8 engine.
(from page 9 of the 2008 Collection) 2008 Performance White Mustang Saleen S281 supercharged American Flag coupe, rear right view. Those 20-inch Saleen wheels are huge. They make room for bigger brakes - 12.4-inch in the front and 11.8-inch in the rear.
(from page 9 of the 2008 Collection) Front view of a 2008 Mustang Saleen S281 supercharged American Flag coupe in Performance White with red, white, and blue accents.
(from page 12 of the 2008 Collection) Check out this Performance White 2008 American Flag Saleen Supercharged coupe. It has a red, white, and blue stripe across it's hood, top, and trunk. This is a fitting Attitude Of The Week for the week starting July 4, 2011. It was photographed at the 2010 Mustang Round Up in Bellevue, Washington. Photo art done by Jessica Klein.
(from page 12 of the 2008 Collection) Front view of an American Flag 2008 Mustang Saleen coupe. The blue hood and roof stripe is offset and has a red border. The bumper serial number is 134.
(from page 12 of the 2008 Collection) Rear right view of a 2008 Mustang American Flag Saleen S281-SC coupe. There was about 40 Saleens around the Steve Saleen's booth at the Mustang Roundup following the 2010 MCA Grand Nationals.
(from page 16 of the 2008 Collection) Vista Blue Mustang Saleen S281 American Flag coupe with a 465hp (at 5800rpm), 4.6 liter, 3 valve, Saleen supercharged, V8 engine. The American Flag (AF) Saleen model has special red, and white, and blue exterior colors. Twenty-four American Flag models where built: 8 with a base blue color, 8 in red, and 8 in white. This is one of eight Vista Blue special American Flag Saleens.
(from page 16 of the 2008 Collection) Vista Blue Mustang Saleen S281 supercharged American Flag coupe, front end view showing off the wide red and white signature stripe.
(from page 16 of the 2008 Collection) Rear view of a Vista Blue Mustang Saleen S281 supercharged American Flag coupe.
(from page 27 of the 2008 Collection) Torch Red 2008 Saleen S281 Supercharged American Flag coupe with a 456hp (at 5800rpm), 4.6 liter, 3 valve, Saleen Supercharged V8 engine. The Saleen patriot American Flag S281 special model was limited to 24 cars, 8 in each color: Red, White, and Blue with complementary over the top offset stripe and side stripe color. The Saleen American Flag comes with the standard S281 exterior options of Saleen custom injection molded TPO thermoplastic Olefin front and rear fascias, injection molded TPO side skirts and door cladding, front grille, integrated front turn signals, rear center body panel, a low body hugging rear spoiler and end caps, S281 super charged graphics and identification, AF Saleen windshield graphic, AF Saleen bumper insert, and AF serialized front bumper (S281 sequential series number).
(from page 27 of the 2008 Collection) Front end view of a Torch Red 2008 Saleen S281 Supercharged American Flag coupe. The Saleen custom drivetrain includes a 5-speed manual transmission and 8.8 inch differential and 3.31:1 final drive. The modified Racecraft suspension consists of front and rear linear-rate coil springs, 1.38 inch sway bars with HD bushings in the front and 0.79 inch in the rear, nitrogen front struts and rear shocks, and three-link live rear axle with a panhard rod.
(from page 27 of the 2008 Collection) Torch Red 2008 Saleen S281 Supercharged American Flag coupe with blue stripes, left front view. The S281 bumper series number is 170 on this car.
(from page 27 of the 2008 Collection) Left side view of a 2008 Torch Red Saleen S281 Supercharged American Flag coupe. This car has the Saleen custom Chrome, 7-spoke, 20 inch wheels. The fronts are 9 inches wide with the backs being 10 inch. On the wheels are 275/35ZR20 high performance Dunlop tires and a tire pressure monitoring system.
(from page 27 of the 2008 Collection) Right side view of a 2008 Saleen S281 Supercharged American Flag coupe in Torch red exterior paint.
(from page 39 of the 2008 Collection) Torch Red with blue stripes 2008 Saleen American Flag coupe based on the S281 Supercharged Saleen coupe with a 456hp (at 5800rpm), 4.6 liter, 3 valve, Saleen Supercharged V8 engine. The American Flag Saleen series is limited to 24 cars with 8 cars in each of the Red, White, and Blue base colors with complementary accent stripe.
(from page 39 of the 2008 Collection) The Saleen American Flag comes with a custom drivetrain which includes a 5-speed manual transmission and 8.8 inch differential and 3.31:1 final drive. The modified Racecraft suspension consists of front and rear linear-rate coil springs, 1.38 inch sway bars with HD bushings in the front and 0.79 inch in the rear, nitrogen front struts and rear shocks, and three-link live rear axle with a panhard rod.
(from page 39 of the 2008 Collection) Torch Red with blue stripes 2008 Saleen American Flag coupe, rear end view.


Samsung's slogan here in Barcelona is "The Power of Touch." It should have been "The Power to Drive You Freakin' Bonkers" because their touch technology continues to be bad bad bad. BAD.
What's wrong with these guys? Last year I tried the Omnia at IFA 2008, and said it had "a poorly designed interface, lousy response time, buggy software, and it felt cheap and fat on my hand." The Samsung cellphones at the Mobile World Congress this year don't feel cheap and fat, but the touch interface is equally as bad. It wasn't just me. It was me trying, people around me trying, and booth people trying them for me.
In theory, the cellphones available to the public in a tech fair booth must be flawless, right? After all, everyone—visitors, partners, and press—will be trying them to get an impression on how they work. So, how these "touch" screens' response could be so bad, often requiring multiple clicks to get the most basic click operation done? Is it the hardware? Is it the software? Is it bad luck? I don't know, but it left me the same impression as last year hands on, which is just too bad because the cellphones have some other great qualities, specially the Omnia HD amazing AMOLED high resolution screen.


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Shopping around for the best crib mattress can be a very difficult thing to do. Reading reviews online are probably one of the most efficient ways to help you with your decision on which one to buy.


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Rue de l'Indre est un odonyme qui peut faire référence à :
 une rue de Nantes ;
 une rue de Paris.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Time Warner Cable Teams up with Child Advocacy Organizations for Cybersecurity Awareness Month Campa
Business Wirevia The Motley Fool
Time Warner Cable Teams up with Child Advocacy Organizations for Cybersecurity Awareness Month Campaign
Through Collaborations with the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children and Common Sense Media, Time Warner Cable Raises Awareness of Cybersecurity, Cyberbullying and Related Issues
NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- In recognition of Cybersecurity Awareness Month, Time Warner Cable has teamed up with the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children® (NCMEC) and Common Sense Media (CSM) to launch a new campaign to help increase awareness of the topic of cybersecurity and ways parents can help protect their children from online dangers.
The campaign provides parents and children with tips and resources that help prepare children to behave responsibly when confronted with issues such as cyberbullying, inappropriate content, online exploitation, and other important topics to protect their safety and identities in a digital world. Starting today, a new "Online Safety" portal, filled with resources and information, can be found at www.TWCCentral.com/safer. The available resources provided by NetSmartz® (a NCMEC program that provides children with interactive, educational safety resources) and Common Sense Media, will include tips sheets, videos and articles.
"Cybersecurity is an issue of paramount concern for families across the country, and we're pleased to work with these distinguished organizations to help educate parents and caregivers on how to help keep children safe when navigating online," said Brian Allen, Group Vice President and Chief Security Officer at Time Warner Cable. "We encourage families to visit our online portals and Time Warner Cable stores to receive invaluable tips and resources on how to teach their kids to safely use online resources."
"The Internet is an amazing resource that opens the door to many opportunities for families, but there are also risks. The anonymity it provides can make it a tool for online predators, cyberbullies or other threats to our children's safety and welfare," said John Ryan, CEO of the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. "Talking about Internet safety should be a priority for all families and we are grateful to Time Warner Cable for working with us to make those conversations easier for parents. Together we can arm families with the information they need to make safer and smarter decisions online."
"Growing up in the digital world provides incredible opportunities for today's kids to create, connect, communicate and learn," says Jim Steyer, Founder and CEO of Common Sense Media. "But the key to making the most of today's powerful media and technology is knowing how to be safe, smart, ethical and responsible online. We are grateful to partners like Time Warner Cable for sharing Common Sense Media's free resources and advice on digital citizenship for parents, teachers, and kids."
Representatives from Time Warner Cable's Security Operations team will visit select Time Warner Cable stores in the greater Los Angeles, New York and Charlotte areas throughout the month of October to speak with customers about these new educational resources and recommended safety practices to enjoy a safe online experience. Customers will also receive a "Cyberbullying Awareness Quick Guide" that includes tips and recommended tools from Common Sense Media.
For more information about the campaign, visit www.TWCCentral.com/safer.
About Time Warner Cable
Time Warner Cable Inc. (NYS: TWC) is among the largest providers of video, high-speed data and voice services in the United States, connecting more than 15 million customers to entertainment, information and each other. Time Warner Cable Business Class offers data, video and voice services to businesses of all sizes, cell tower backhaul services to wireless carriers and enterprise-class, cloud-enabled hosting, managed applications and services. Time Warner Cable Media, the advertising arm of Time Warner Cable, offers national, regional and local companies innovative advertising solutions. More information about the services of Time Warner Cable is available at www.twc.com, www.twcbc.com and www.twcmedia.com.
About the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children
The National Center for Missing & Exploited Children is the leading 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization working with law enforcement, families and the professionals who serve them on issues relating to missing and sexually exploited children. Authorized by Congress to serve as the nation's clearinghouse on these issues, NCMEC operates a hotline, 1-800-THE-LOST® (1-800-843-5678), and has assisted law enforcement in the recovery of more than 188,000 children. NCMEC also operates the CyberTipline, a mechanism for reporting child pornography, child sex trafficking and other forms of child sexual exploitation. Since it was created in 1998, more than 2 million reports of suspected child sexual exploitation have been reviewed, and more than 95 million suspected child pornography images have been analyzed. NCMEC works in partnership with the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. To learn more about NCMEC, visit www.missingkids.com. Follow NCMEC on Twitter (@MissingKids) and like NCMEC on Facebook (Facebook.com/MissingKids).
About Common Sense Media
Common Sense Media is dedicated to improving the lives of kids and families by providing the trustworthy information, education, and independent voice they need to thrive in a world of media and technology. We exist because our kids are growing up in a culture that profoundly impacts their physical, social, and emotional well-being. We provide families with the advice and media reviews they need in order to make the best choices for their children. Through our education programs and policy efforts, Common Sense Media empowers parents, educators, and young people to become knowledgeable and responsible digital citizens. For more information, go to: www.commonsense.org.
Time Warner Cable:
Eric Mangan, 212-364-8297
Eric.Mangan@TWCable.com
NCMEC:
media@ncmec.org
Common Sense Media:
Crista Sumanik, 415-553-6780
csumanik@commonsense.org
KEYWORDS: United States North America New York
INDUSTRY KEYWORDS:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Sazid Ibna Zaman
Mr Sazid Ibna Zaman
Sazid@tropmedres.ac
MORU Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
Data manager & GIS specialist
MORU Epidemiology & MAEMOD
Based in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Sazid Ibna Zaman is a Data Manager & GIS Specialist for the Epidemiology and Mathematical and Economic Modeling (MAEMOD) departments at the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU). He provides technical support relating to the standardization, collection, sharing and analysis of geospatial data and the efficient use of geography and GIS technology for decision making.
Holder of BSc in Geography & Environment from University of Dhaka and MSc in Environmental Science from the State University of Bangladesh, Sazid has nearly 12 years of experience in data management and GIS mapping for national and international organizations both within the country and abroad including Denmark and Thailand.
Sazid's research aims to identify the spatial distribution of malaria in terms of both the host humans and mosquitoes in Bangladesh over space and time and investigate the determinants of the changing pattern of the spatial distribution of malaria to inform planning of strategies for malaria control and elimination. He focuses on clinical and epidemiological field studies, collation of data from a wide range of partners, GIS mapping, spatial statistical analysis and modelling, as well as building capacity in epidemiology and mapping across the region. His research interests include malaria elimination, spatiotemporal epidemiology, GIS mapping, geo-statistical & hotspot analysis, vector behavior, environmental modelling and population movement studies.


Facts confusing the existence of the Avery Trace in Middle Tennessee and the lack of understanding Tennessee House Bill 2568. The bill was introduced and enacted in 1990 to promote the Avery Trace purely as a "Heritage Tourism Corridor".
Revealing North Carolina Land Grant issued to Stockley Donelson and William Tyrrell for 3000 acres at Crab Orchard Tennessee.
A selected library of recommended reference materials.
Images and the route of recently discovered Station Camp Backwater Road north of Gallatin in Sumner County Tennessee.
Old Road extends west over 8 miles from Porter Womack's old place west and south until it intersects Red River Road directly across from Liberty Lane.
For the Record subjects to be introduced soon include updates and location of the Indian Trails south and east of Black Fox Camp in Rutherford County as well as other subjects.


Skylight Studios partners with premier real estate developers to provide access to otherwise inaccessible raw spaces for Fortune 100 activations.
Created pipeline and coordinated strategic outreach to Fortune 500 event clients resulting in the addition of 45 accounts over a 6 months period.
Collaborated with a bi-coastal marketing team to create individualized outreach collateral for event production and real estate developer clients.
Worked across time zones to manage inbound event-client calls for both San Francisco and New York venues.
Developed manual and trained new hires on best practices for San Francisco venues.
Mediated event client and real estate developer negotiations to ensure all parties' deliverables while remaining in compliance with fire and zoning code.
Wrote and reviewed venue contracts, coordinated COI's, and reviewed floorplans for developer compliance nationally.
Built relationships with local and national organizations to advance the political and regulatory interests of the events industry in San Francisco.
The NWBLK is an applied arts gallery housed in an 18,000 sqft indoor/outdoor industrial space that moonlights as a top-tier venue for launches, activations, celebrations, and experience crafting.
Negotiated and closed contracts worth an average of $25K.
Closed contracts with companies including Google, Apple, Sherpa Capital, Sequoia Capital, Andreesen Horowitz, Uber, Acura, Lyft, MartiniBird, Robert Fountain, Skylight and more.
Led venue rentals business unit operating in a multi-industry company.
Supported producers by reviewing floorplans for feasibility and regulatory compliance for 18,000 sqft. indoor/outdoor venue.
Re-negotiated vendor contracts resulting in a 10% increase in vendor commissions.
Managed vendors including Stag Dining, Betty Zlatchin, Paula LeDuc, Impact Lighting, Got Light, Bright Rentals, Hensley Event Resources, and more.
Hired and led a team of contractors and created structure for contracting, payment, and expense tracking.
Coordinated SFFD permitting and cultivated relationships within the department to ease restrictions and increase rental value.
Managed venue needs from setup through cleanup for every event with an all-hands, team-based approach, reducing overhead by a minimum of $2,500 per event.
Steven Miller Design Studio and it's team is known for producing sophisticated and stylish restaurants, hotels, residences, and products across the US.
Elevated the office experience of 6 employees in 4 distinct business units.
Managed A/P and A/R for the interior design business unit.
Coordinated national and international travel, accommodation, meeting, and conference schedule for principal designer.
Organized and maintained sample library, project archives, and expense reports.
Created vendor database within FileMaker.
Charged with increasing sales and brand loyalty for a boutique luxury salon in downtown San Francisco.
Oversaw daily in-store operations and on-line marketing to target demographics to achieve a 250% increase in core customer base.
Created client satisfaction metrics in order to track success of loyalty initiatives.
Designated first point of contact for inbound vendors and clients.
Excelled at and evangelized relationship-building, resulting in a returning client rate of over 60%.
Oversaw growth in product sales by developing a stylist sales training program resulting in a 40% increase in product ROI.
Top-ranking server at a top-ranking restaurant group.
Bay Area Educational Theater Co.
Serving in a pro bono capacity to benefit a family-oriented theater non-profit.
Expanded publicity and marketing exposure by creating and implementing new tools to maximize outreach and public exposure.
Restructured small-business sponsorship programs to increase mutually beneficial community-to-community sales leads for the c2c sales team.
Oversaw creation and management of social media and on-line accounts.
Created participant surveys to gauge community influence. These efforts lead to the vote for a brand overhaul which is currently underway.
Led community networking efforts to facilitate an 11% increase in enrollment and % increase in ticket sales.
Worked with a staff of 20 to create a safe, fun, and engaging theater education and training environment for Bay Area children.
Initiated an organizational restructuring to ensure brand integrity through enhanced employee training, program restructuring, and brand communication. This led to the addition of two programs and the expansion of the existing four.
Use of SFDC to manage sales pipeline and document generation.
Conversationally fluent and proficient with reading and writing, having studied at Universita Degli Studi di Pavia, PV, Italy .
Flying trapeze, juggling, trampoline, silks.


Jonathan Djanogly has renewed his long-running campaign to upgrade the A14 by writing to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, and the Secretary of State for Transport, Justine Greening, calling on them to back the project.
Jonathan believes that the A14 upgrade is just the sort of project that the Chancellor should be considering as a Government infrastructure project to help boost the country's recovery from recession. Jonathan has also called on neighbouring MPs, local Councillors and business leaders to support the campaign.


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SmackDown Viewership (10/18): Numbers Down On FOX Following WWE Draft
WWE's report card is in for this week's blue brand show, as the WWE Friday Night SmackDown On FOX ratings and viewership numbers for the October 18th episode are in.
This week's edition of WWE Friday Night SmackDown On FOX, which was the first show to feature the "revamped roster" following the 2019 WWE Draft, finished with an average of 2.442 million viewers, according to Showbuzz Daily.
By comparison, last week's WWE Friday Night SmackDown On FOX show, which featured night two of the 2019 WWE Draft special, finished with an average of 2.877 million viewers, marking a pretty significant decline in viewership for this week's show.
WWE Friday Night SmackDown On FOX drew an average rating of 0.75 in the key 18-49 demographic for the 10/18 episode, which was also down from the 1.0 rating in the 18-49 demographic for the 10/11 show.
The hourly viewership breakdown for this week's episode of WWE Friday Night SmackDown On FOX were as follows:
Hour 1: 2.390 million viewers (w/ 0.7 rating in 18-49 y/o demo)
Check out the top ten moments from the 10/18 episode of WWE Friday Night SmackDown On FOX above.
Hogan/Flair, Velasquez/Lesnar Segments Set For Crown Jewel "Go-Home" SmackDown On FS1 (10/25)
WWE Crown Jewel Changes Announced For 10/31 PPV In Saudi Arabia


William Rankine's mother was Barbara Grahame, the daughter of a Glasgow banker, and his father was David Rankine, a civil engineer and lieutenant in the rifle brigade. Although he was the second of his parents children, his older brother David died when young so William was brought up as an only child. It was a strict religious upbringing with his father teaching him not only arithmetical skills but also mechanics. William did not enjoy good health as a child and could only attend school for short periods. Most of his education took place at home with private tutors but he did attend Ayr Academy for about a year in 1828-29 and also for a short while Glasgow High School in 1830.
Rankine's interests were divided between music and mathematics. At first he was strongly attracted to number theory but when he was 14 years old one of his uncles gave him a Latin edition of Newton's Principia which he read eagerly. For two years from 1836 to 1838 Rankine studied at the University of Edinburgh, attending a wide range of lectures in science subjects, but choosing not to attend mathematics classes. He won a Gold Medal for an essay on The wave theory of light in 1836 and another Gold Medal for an essay on Methods in physical investigation two years later. He did not take a degree but chose to leave university in 1838 and become an apprentice to the engineer John Benjamin MacNeill. This was not Rankine's first experience of engineering for while he studied at Edinburgh University he had worked on the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway which his father was overseeing.
From 1839 to 1841 Rankine worked on numerous projects that John Benjamin MacNeill was involved with, including river improvements, waterworks, railways and both harbours. Some of the work took Rankine to Ireland. After his return to Edinburgh he undertook some investigative work with his father and they published An experimental inquiry into the advantages attending the use of cylindrical wheels on railways (1842). Further papers read to the Institution of Civil Engineers were highly thought of and several won Rankine prizes.
... inaugural address espoused the harmony of theory with practice in mechanics, and outlined a tripartite theory of knowledge - theory, practice, and the application of theory to practice - which left room for a new breed of engineering scientists to bridge theoretical and practical domains.
He decided to found a Scottish version of the Institution of Civil Engineers and so he resigned from the London based Institution in 1857 and became the first president of the new Institution of Engineers in Scotland. As well as holding the presidency in 1857-59, he was elected for a second term in 1869-70.
Rankine apparently regarded energy, as we do today, as being classified into two kinds, viz., kinetic and potential, and his thermodynamic theory was developed by considering the transformation of one into the other. He began with the hypothesis that matter was constituted by molecular vortices (without considering the cyclic process) and obtained the quantities "pressure", "specific heat", etc., from that consideration. His classification of energy was similar to, but not exactly the same as, that of Clausius. Both Rankine and Clausius approached the second law of thermodynamics from the point of view of the transformation from one kind of energy to the other. But whereas Clausius considered the conversion between heat and work and the flow of heat from high to low temperature in a cyclic process, Rankine concentrated on the change from kinetic (molecular) to potential energies, and related this change to heat flow by use of his "heat-potential" function.
Hutchison, in  and , looks at the entropy function which Rankine defined and its implications for the theory of thermodynamics which he developed. Rankine's work was extended by Maxwell. Rankine also wrote on fatigue in the metal of railway axles, on earth pressures in soil mechanics, and the stability of walls. He also developed methods to solve the force distribution in frame structures and worked on hydrodynamics and the design of ships. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1849 and a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1853. He was also elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1856 and to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1868. He was awarded an honorary degree from Trinity College, Dublin, in 1857.
Among his most important works are Manual of Applied Mechanics (1858), Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers (1859), Civil Engineering (1862), Machinery and Millwork (1869), Useful Rules and Tables (1866), Mechanical Textbook (1873), and On the Thermodynamic Theory of Waves of Finite Longitudinal Disturbance.
A keen cellist, pianist, and vocalist, his one published composition was a piano accompaniment to a song entitled the 'Iron Horse'; as a British Association red lion, hailed as lion-king in 1871, he penned quirky and humorous poems like 'The Mathematician in Love' and 'The Three-Foot Rule' (a protest against the metric system). These Songs and Fables (1874) appeared posthumously with illustrations by Jemima Blackburn, wife of Glasgow College's mathematics professor.
Rankine's health deteriorated rapidly during the final six months of his life. The first symptoms saw his vision become impaired, then his speech failed and finally he became partially paralysed.


text:
The "Other" Hope-Jones
by Colin Pykett
Posted: June 2006
Last revised: 6 October 2012
Copyright © C E Pykett 2006-2012
Abstract. All organ enthusiasts know about Robert Hope-Jones. All clock enthusiasts know about Frank, his brother. But that seems to be that - there seems to be little knowledge of the one beyond the horizon of the other, and little historical cross-referencing between the two of them seems to exist. This article does not purport to be anything other than an introduction to Frank and his work for those organ devotees who might be unaware of him, but hopefully it will be of some interest. It draws some fascinating parallels between the technologies invented by the two brothers and between their personalities, and it ponders on the remarkable fact that both were ground-breaking innovators within their respective spheres of activity. Both also seemed to have had an entrepreneurial appetite beyond the average. The names of both men continue to reverberate today and it is this which makes it worthwhile looking at them in this article.
(click on the titles below to access the desired section)
The Synchronome
Dry Cells
Their Paths Diverge
Six Pips
The John Compton Connection
Appendix 1 - The Synchronome Clock System
Appendix 2 - Energy Consumption in the Synchronome Clock System
Above - the two are clearly from the same stock even if one was previously unaware of it. For example, compare the pendulous lower lips and ear lobes. Thanks to the publishers of The Organ for permission to reproduce the picture of Robert.
Frank in later life - looking the epitome of the famous, content and successful businessman that he was! His face still bears those Hope-Jones familial characteristics all those years later. Thanks to a correspondent who wished to remain anonymous for this picture.
All organ enthusiasts know about Robert Hope-Jones. All clock enthusiasts know about Frank, his brother. But that seems to be that - there seems to be little knowledge of the one beyond the horizon of the other, and little historical cross-referencing between the two of them seems to exist. Therefore this article has two main functions: firstly it is an introduction to Frank and his work for those organ devotees who might be unaware of him, and secondly it draws some fascinating parallels between the technologies invented by the two brothers and between their personalities. Of course, if horologists should happen upon it, the article might also perform the reverse function of introducing our friend Robert to them.
The article ponders on the remarkable fact that both men were ground-breaking innovators within their respective spheres of activity, and that both also seemed to have had an entrepreneurial appetite beyond the average. Above all, the names of both men continue to reverberate today and it is this which makes it worthwhile looking at them in this article. To illustrate some aspects of Frank's life and work I found it necessary to dwell also on some of Robert's that might already be known to some readers from the organ world. This was because it was their start in life as siblings which resulted in some elements of their later activities, and this became increasingly obvious as I was compiling the article. To understand one it is necessary to know about the other. You cannot understand honeysuckle if you only look at its separate strands.
But let us begin with Frank. To horologists his name is synonymous with electric timekeepers and the Synchronome system in particular. The latter is so important, both in itself and to this narrative, that I have described it in detail. Curiously, these details do not appear frequently in the horological literature, presumably because they are assumed to be obvious to those of that brotherhood. Therefore I considered it all the more important to record them here, albeit consigned to Appendices so they do not impede the flow of the narrative. Some other details in the text which can be skipped without significant loss of comprehension have a smaller typeface.
Frank Hope-Jones was an extremely able, gifted man who was not only a professional horologist but one who played a key role in the early development of radio broadcasting. Most importantly in the latter connection, his invention of the 'Greenwich Pips' time signal made his name almost a household word in this country between the two world wars, particularly as he gave popular radio broadcasts on this and related matters. A list of his credentials makes impressive reading:
Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (as was Robert);
Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society;
Fellow, Chairman, Vice-President and Gold Medallist of the British Horological Institute;
Honorary Member of the Horological Institute of America;
Honorary Member of the Horological Society of New York;
First Fellow of the New Zealand Horological Institute;
First Chairman of the Wireless Society of London;
Chairman of the Radio Society of Great Britain;
Medallist, the Royal Society of Arts, London, the Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, and the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia.
From this it is obvious that he was no ordinary man; he was known and fêted the world over both in specialist circles and in the popular media. It is therefore well worth while spending more time looking at his achievements, in conjunction with those of his brother Robert. The two of them cannot be looked at in isolation, as will become clear from what follows.
Robert and Frank were two of the nine (possibly ten) children born to William and Agnes Hope-Jones who had married in 1853. Robert arrived in 1859 and Frank, the youngest, in 1867. At first the family lived in a style of considerable opulence in Hooton Grange, a large mansion of almost stately home proportions on the Wirral [12], but things changed suddenly and considerably in 1872 when the boys' father died. That year the family crowded into a small semi-detached house whose chief characteristic was extreme ordinariness, a stark contrast to their former lifestyle which could only have amplified the shock of William's death. However it is possible this cataclysmic change was partly the result of deliberate choice on Agnes's part rather than one entirely forced on them by some adverse consequence of her late husband's estate. Robert, thirteen that same turbulent year, was immediately sent to a good fee-paying school which most if not all of his six brothers, including Frank, also attended in their turn. This suggests that Mrs Hope-Jones, gentlewoman though she was, was rather more hard headed and able to cope in trying circumstances than the usual archetype of simpering Victorian womanhood which Dickens loved to depict. She was clearly determined to do the best for her children with the assets available to her, and she attempted successfully to eke them out as long as possible.
When he was seventeen, in 1876, Robert became an apprentice at Laird's shipbuilders in Birkenhead. Frank was still a little boy, and in view of his later interest in and aptitude for things mechanical and electromechanical, he must have been fascinated by what he heard from his older brother of the then-exotic and burgeoning world of engineering so important to Britain's supremacy in the world. When Robert moved on rapidly to assume a senior position in a local telephone company a few years later, it is not only probable but certain that Frank must have gained much knowledge from his brother of batteries, electromagnets, relays and the other things which obviously moulded his subsequent career. Batteries and magnets. With them, one brother changed the world of organ building. The other changed that of clocks. Both remain famous for their work. It is remarkable.
By the early 1880's we find Robert as organist and choirmaster at the newly built church of St Luke, Tranmere. Frank was also musical – he played the cornet and may have sung in his brother's choir. By 1890 Robert had resigned from the telephone company and established himself as an organ builder. He had just rebuilt the organ at St John's, Birkenhead using an electric action of his own design, much of which was entirely novel. In particular, the circuits and engineering concepts he used were advanced for their time. They owed much to his experience as a telephone engineer and it is doubtful that most other organ builders of the day could even understand them, let alone duplicate them. By then he was 31 and Frank 23. It is interesting to speculate how closely Frank was involved in the St John's organ project, because it was the product of much spare time effort on the part of sundry choir members and friends from the telephone company. It would be surprising if he had not been drawn in as well. Indeed, by 1893 Frank was identified as company secretary on the letterhead of Robert's first business venture, The Hope-Jones Electric Organ Company Ltd, so it is obvious the two were working closely at that time [16].
A few years later, by the time Robert had achieved fame by building several large organs such as that at Worcester cathedral (1896), Frank was well into launching his own career as a designer and maker of electric clocks. According to the records of the present-day company Tann Synchronome, he founded his Synchronome Company of London in 1895 when he was 28.
To understand the antecedents of this key event it is necessary to look at some of his precursor activities and thinking. Not content with merely adding an automatic electric winding facility to conventional weight-driven or spring-driven clocks, in which he showed little interest, Frank wanted to simplify their mechanism as much as possible. More than that, he had a vision which led him to develop a timepiece of such accuracy that it was used by astronomical observatories throughout the world until displaced in the 1950's by wholly electronic devices. To appreciate the novelty of his work it is necessary for us to review, as he must have done, the properties of the traditional mechanical escapement that had hitherto been used in pendulum clocks. As it swings, such a pendulum periodically releases an escapement which also gives it an impulse to keep it going. Two major shortcomings of this arrangement are the continuous friction set up between the pendulum and the escapement, and the fact that the impulse occurs at the wrong point of the oscillation of the pendulum – instead of impulsing the pendulum at the base of its stroke when its speed is at a maximum, the impulse occurs when it is scarcely moving at all, or sometimes even moving in the opposite direction.
From his earliest work it is quite clear that Frank understood fully the surprisingly complex physics of the apparently simple pendulum. He realised that a pendulum is a resonant oscillator whose energy transmutes continually from a state in which it is fully kinetic (at the base of its swing) to one where it is entirely potential (at the extremities). It is identical in principle to an electrical resonant circuit in which the stored energy shuttles between the capacitor and the inductor. It cannot be purely coincidental that the time when Frank was refining his ideas overlapped with the activities of Hertz, Marconi and others who were beginning to understand the properties of electrical resonance in the tuned circuits used for their early work on wireless telegraphy. Because the basic physics of all resonant systems is the same, he and the others must have absorbed at least some of it from the writings of people such as Oliver Lodge, and his keen interest in radio (of which more later) lends support to this suggestion. All of them understood that it was important to minimise the energy losses in their resonators, whether they were electrical or mechanical, if they were to work successfully.
In the case of pendulums, this meant that the friction due to the escapement had to be minimised or done away with altogether. Only when this was achieved would the timekeeping of a pendulum clock be improved, because a low-loss resonator resonates more sharply at its tuned frequency – it has a high Q factor. It is difficult to make a pendulum with low frictional losses oscillate with a period other than that for which it was designed, whereas if the losses are high it can be persuaded more easily by its escapement to swing at the wrong rate.
Frank's vision was to use electricity to realise the long-sought-after goal of a free pendulum, one which was not connected to the traditional lossy mechanical escapement. In achieving this goal he also invented a mechanism of a simplicity that was transcendental in its beauty of conception. It is fascinating that Robert, too, had a long term vision in his field of endeavour which also relied on electricity and which went decades beyond anything he ever did with organs during his lifetime: he invented the idea of the pipeless organ using additive synthesis which is still used in some of today's digital organs [5]. Both saw the realisation of their respective insights in terms of magnets, coils and batteries, indeed engineers had nothing else at the time we are speaking of (the 1890's). Thus again we see a intriguing parallel between the two brothers in their ability to set visionary long term goals for themselves using the basic technology of the day.
A partial implementation of Frank's ideas was first applied by him and G B Bowell to an old skeleton pendulum clock of the type which reposed under a glass dome, and it is said that this clock had once been in the children's nursery at Hooton Grange. Whether this was so or not, such a clock was definitely modified in the mid-1890's, and it represented an early version of what he called the Synchronome remontoire or electrically-maintained pendulum. It is now in the London Science Museum. Most of the mechanism in this clock was discarded in favour of a novel system which impulsed the pendulum every half-minute by means of a weighted arm which was then immediately reset by an electromagnet. However this clock still retained its escapement wheel and pendulum-operated pallets, and therefore the pendulum was not a free pendulum as Frank wished. Subsequently he so simplified the Synchronome mechanism that there remained only a single toothed wheel in the entire system, and in that form the pendulum was virtually free. Moreover, the impulse occurred as the pendulum was near the base of its swing due to an impulsing mechanism of subtle design.
But Frank went yet further. Because the Synchronome pendulum was impulsed by an electric circuit every half-minute, he saw that the same electrical impulse could be used to drive not only the hands of the master clock itself, but as many other hands on as many other slave dials as desired. This became the Synchronome system in its final form which was later to be found in countless premises world wide. All dials would indicate exactly the same time, and the pendulum master clock (Figure 1) would keep near-perfect time. Many readers of this article will doubtless be able to remember the clocks on the walls of their schoolrooms or workplaces which "ticked" loudly every half minute, maybe while they were in the silence of an examination hall. Not all such commercial systems were necessarily made by the Synchronome Company after its original patents expired, but they used similar principles. Typically a Synchronome system would keep time to within a few seconds per week. The system is described in Appendix 1 for those who desire more information.
A Synchronome clock system was able to run on dry batteries for months, even years, on end because the impulses every half-minute were so short, indeed dry cells were Frank's own recommended means of powering a Synchronome system [3, p.52]. The association of dry cells with the two brothers is fascinating in itself. Appendix 2 to this article proves that dry cells would have been entirely adequate for the job, should there be any lingering doubt.
Robert also fiercely maintained at the start of his organ building career that a single dry cell would power the actions of his largest organs for several months [1, 2]. The claims made by the two men for their respective technologies were therefore almost identical to the letter. Unfortunately, while Frank's statements were truthful, those of Robert were wholly false. I have discussed this in detail elsewhere on this website [2]. This discrepancy throws light on their characters, a subject discussed later on.
By the early years of the 20th century Robert had built a large number of organs in Britain, many of which were very small yet with distinctive characters quite the equal of his large and better known instruments. Some had only a single manual with a handful of stops, but even they sported a Diaphone on the pedals! Few Hope-Jones organs exist now, and knowledge of the smaller ones has never been widespread. An article elsewhere on this website describes a typical two manual Hope-Jones church organ of the day which does still exist, though now heavily disguised [6].
The year 1903 in which he turned 44 was inauspicious for him however, as he was accused of an indecent act which could have led to prosecution under contemporary law. The allegation was never proved, indeed all the evidence is that it was promptly withdrawn. Nevertheless he left for the USA together with his wife, whom he had married in 1895. The public appetite for scandal was at least as voracious then as it is now, no doubt heightened by celebrated cases such as that of Oscar Wilde a few years previously, and continuing tasty morsels of alleged Royal misdeeds. This might explain why some of the Hope-Jones dynasty understandably renamed themselves plain 'Jones', and therefore it might be significant that Frank did not. (Jones was in fact the original family name prior to Robert and Frank's parents who first made it double-barrelled). We have noted already several parallels between the interests and work of the two brothers, and this fact might indicate a continuing bond between them after this difficult time.
Subsequent to Robert's emigration the paths of the brothers diverged, with Robert continuing to expand the technical envelope of organ building while Frank did the same for horology. The key feature of Robert's work in the USA was his implementation of the fully unified organ which he had outlined as long ago as 1891 [1]. In this scheme ranks of pipes were no longer associated with a single department but were instead 'floating', enabling any rank to be played from any keyboard and at any pitch. The originality and sheer cleverness of his circuitry and novel components which enabled this to be done is still seldom appreciated, probably because few people today take the trouble to analyse and understand it. At the time it was ground-breaking. It was, of course, used to the full by Wurlitzer in their theatre organs, where a single extended rank of Tibia pipes, say, was represented on all the keyboards and pedals at many pitches. On a wider front, the debt owed to Robert by any organ builder today who uses an electric action is seldom realised or acknowledged.
In 1908 Frank was granted his master patent for the Synchronome clock system and he never looked back. But within a few years came the first world war, and in the year it broke out another cataclysm descended on the Hope-Jones family when Robert gassed himself, alone in a gloomy rooming house aged 55. His widow returned to England, and the following year the Institution of Electrical Engineers (the former IEE is now the IET) published an obituary [7]. He did not live to see the way that Laurens Hammond (like Frank, a clockmaker) used his additive synthesis ideas to produce the Hammond Organ of the 1930's, nor the similar methods used by Leslie Bourn and Wallace Fair in the Compton Electrone of the same era. He could not have lived to see the fully digital Bradford Computing Organ of the 1980's which, again, used exactly the ideas of additive synthesis which he had propounded to an audience at the RCO nearly a century earlier. Can there be any other person who has contributed so much to the basic enabling technology of both pipe and electronic organs? It is unfortunate that today he does not always get full measure of the recognition and acknowledgement that is rightfully his. Although he is often called 'the father of the theatre organ', perhaps another epithet should be 'the father of the electronic organ'.
Meanwhile, Frank was branching out into yet another sphere in which he retained an interest to the end of his life and to which he contributed fulsomely. This was radio, or 'wireless' as it was known in Britain for many years because of its roots in wireless telegraphy. By 1913 The Synchronome Company was manufacturing its 'Horophone' (Figure 2), a receiver with a crystal detector designed by Frank to bring in time signals, weather reports and news broadcast in Morse code from a few high powered wireless telegraphy stations such as that at the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Speech and music broadcasts were virtually unknown mainly because of technology limitations, and the concept of broadcasting for purposes of public entertainment was still some years away. The Horophone was built to the meticulous standards one would expect from a clock making firm.
Figure 2. 'Horophone' by The Synchronome Company Ltd and an advertisement for it (1913)
Frank also chaired the inaugural meeting of the influential Wireless Society of London that same year, no doubt partly because he was by then a prominent member of the British Horological Institute. From the first, he campaigned loudly against the restrictive legislation, monopolies and taxes which still unfortunately characterise broadcasting in the UK to this day. Under his leadership the ranks of the Wireless Society were swelled by professionals representing bodies such as the British Association for the Advancement of Science and the Institution of Electrical Engineers, although he never allowed it nor himself personally to lose touch with its amateur roots and interests.
After the first world war the BBC was eventually formed in 1922, though it was at first the British Broadcasting Company rather than the publicly funded Corporation it became subsequently. In April 1923 Frank gave a radio talk on the subject of British Summer Time in which he 'counted himself out' during the last five seconds. Immediately after the broadcast he suggested the idea of an automatic clock to some studio engineers which would provide five audible 'pips' as a time signal. The idea was taken seriously by the BBC and discussed with Frank Dyson, the Astronomer Royal, who for some reason added a sixth pip (presumably on the basis that, if you can't think of something important yourself, you simply mess about with other people's ideas). The upshot was that in February 1924 the 'Greenwich Pips' time signal was broadcast for the first time. The system used a clock designed by Hope-Jones situated at the Greenwich Observatory where its timekeeping could be easily corrected. Its mechanism controlled the output of an audio oscillator which generated each broadcast pip. And who fronted the programme in which it was introduced to the listening public? Frank Dyson of course, the very man who had not invented it.
Later Dyson presided at a dinner at which Frank was the guest of honour. Hope-Jones was handed six orange pips on a plate, whereupon he made a flamboyant presentation of the sixth pip to Dyson. Nice one Frank!
Although Robert's connection with the former John Compton Organ Company was foundational, even Frank could claim a tenuous one as the following shows.
The late Brian Wigglesworth spent his long and interesting career at the firm, and he once sent me the following anecdote (which I believe he also subsequently published):
"It might amuse you to hear that every clock in the John Compton (North Acton) factory was controlled by a Frank Hope-Jones Synchronome clock. A long-case pendulum clock which lived on the wall in my boss's office and was powered by a vast dry battery, to drive all the repeater clocks throughout the factory.
Because the Master clock controlled every aspect of factory time keeping, my boss, Leslie Bourne [sic] , was most concerned that the battery should never run down, so guess who was (for a while) required to check the battery voltage every month and check the time, against the BBC, every week?
We did have occasional small time keeping problems, which we resolved by placing coins on top of the pendulum in the traditional manner. It always fascinated me to watch our time keeping adjustments on the Master clock being followed by every other clock in the factory"
( Leslie Bourn was one of the originators of the Compton Electrone).
It is also worth reminding ourselves of the connection between Robert Hope-Jones and Compton, as it is a story not told often enough.
Well prior to Brian Wigglesworth's anecdote and before moving to his north London premises, John Compton had first set up business in Nottingham about 1902 after a spell working for C S Lloyd of that city. I was brought up in Nottingham, and from personal experience of some of Lloyd's organs I can tell you that he was a wholly unexceptional organ builder whose unadventurous outlook may have frustrated a young turk like Compton. This might explain why, like some others of the day, Compton beat a path to the door of Robert Hope-Jones who by then was well established and famous, no doubt to see what he could learn from him. It is significant that Compton's activities until the firm finally folded over half a century later rested on three main features:
1. The universal use of electric action with circuits, home-made relays and other components whose design can be related directly to those invented by Robert.
2. Using this form of action, Compton was able to use extension, borrowing, duplication and unification to any degree he chose. This was seen in his smallest instruments, such as the Miniatura range, as well as the largest ones, and of course in his theatre organs.
3. A pipeless organ system, the Electrone, using additive synthesis just as Robert had suggested in the 1890's.
As well as importing all this technology Compton also copied some of Robert's extreme tonal ideas, and the rather unpleasant, muddy, diapason-dominated sound of his organs bore a strong resemblance to those of Hope-Jones. He also used diaphones, another H-J invention. In his organ at St Osmund's, Parkstone was a pedal stop labelled 'Harmonics of 32 foot', an absurd nine rank flute mixture derived via extension from a single rank which is typical of the bizarre features found frequently in his organs. Today it is inexplicable that such idiosyncratic examples of organ building usually attract admiration in a Compton organ (the one mentioned has a Historic Organs certificate!), whereas they would be dismissed out of hand if by Hope-Jones. I wonder why.
Three publications by Frank are worth noting. His 'Synchronome Miscellany' [9] was a pamphlet which described the work of his firm from around 1913, and it was reprinted and updated several times. 'Electrical Time Keeping' [10] was a standard horological work on the subject. 'Electric Clocks and how to make them' [3] is an engaging and approachable work intended for the amateur horologist, which he edited and partly wrote. The popularity and importance of these publications is shown by the fact they have all since been reprinted or made available in facsimile form.
A rarer book simply entitled 'Electric Clocks' appeared in the early 1930's though I do not know its publisher. Its Foreword was by the above-mentioned Frank Dyson, then the Astronomer Royal. It traces the development of the electric clock and describes a large number of different systems. This book does not appear to have been reprinted and it can command a high price - one example seen online in October 2012 was being offered at £120.
It is interesting to compare the personalities and character of the two brothers, and in doing so I shall only use evidence which is uncontroversial or obvious. Much that has been written about Robert in particular illustrates nothing more than thinly disguised homophobia on the one hand or uncritical sycophancy on the other. I want to avoid this here, and therefore it might be appropriate to declare my own position.
I have studied Hope-Jones and his organs over many years and in some depth, as material elsewhere on this website and in the published literature will confirm. Having played some of his few surviving instruments, as well as simulating one of them digitally [11], I find them unattractive from a musical, tonal and aural point of view, although their subsequent evolution into the 'Hope-Jones Unit Orchestra' resulted in a different product admirably suited for its new role in the cinema. However the architecture of all his organs at an electrical level is impressive even by today's standards, and by the standards of the day it was incredible. As a visionary, Robert probably has no equal in the entire history of organ building, and the evolution of both pipe and electronic organs in the twentieth century followed largely the pathways first illuminated by him. I believe that many of those who have criticised him so loudly were in no position to do so because of a lack of understanding of matters largely beyond their ken or because of vested interests in other directions.
Some anecdotal material suggests that both Robert and Frank were probably not inclined to suffer fools gladly, though this can be a characteristic of almost anyone at the top of their particular tree, and most such material is probably worthless in any case. Even if it were not, it is unreasonable to expect any gifted person to remain a shrinking violet at all times and with all interlocutors, some of whom can themselves exhibit unpleasantness. However, if it existed, it is not a trait which dominated the personality of either brother, because there is abundant evidence of their interest in and care for their fellow men. Robert was clearly held in great esteem by many of those who knew him, such as his choir members at St John's, Birkenhead, who willingly assisted him to rebuild the organ there in their spare time together with colleagues from the telephone company. Earlier, his choir had resigned en masse with him when he had trouble with the priest at St Luke's, Tranmere. When he left for America in unpromising circumstances some of his former employees followed him. None of this supports in the slightest the unkind and unfounded smear that has been written or implied about his character.
As for Frank, he never lost interest in the common man, the amateur, and he would have used that word to mean one who loves the subject rather than in its pejorative sense. Nowhere is this better seen than in 'Electric clocks and how to make them' [3]. The mere title and the book itself, edited and partly written by the country's leading exponent of the art, are touching in their unaffected homeliness. This is confirmed by the following statement which appears in the Preface:
"Thus horology offers a striking example of the value of the amateur in invention. A profession is very apt to get into a rut; it needs to be shaken up by the amateur who approaches the subject from a fresh point of view, uninfluenced by the traditions of the craft or the dogmas of the text books and capable of immense enthusiasm"
Unconsciously or not, Frank was modestly describing himself even though he was by any standards not an amateur but a professional of the highest standing. If 'horology' is replaced by 'organ building' the same statement could have been written by, and it would have applied to, brother Robert. How similar they were. The book goes on to describe how to make a Synchronome master clock, the patented components for which were offered to the amateur direct from the factory provided they were for personal use only. Frank's lifelong involvement with radio societies also demonstrates this same benign and caring element in his makeup.
There is quite a lot of evidence that Robert was extremely helpful to other organ builders, just as Frank was to amateur horologists. Thomas Threlfall, the wealthy brewing magnate who was chairman and major shareholder of his first company, was reportedly exasperated by the free consultancy which Robert apparently doled out to almost anyone who happened along. John Compton was almost certainly one - we have already seen how strongly Compton's business benefited from the technical and tonal foundations laid by Hope-Jones, with little apparent acknowledgment of the fact, and this was also true of others such as Norman and Beard. It must have been a considerable relief to firms such as these when their troublesome erstwhile competitor with his formidable backers suddenly vanished from the British organ building scene. Little time was lost by some in using Robert's patents well before they had expired, in the certain knowledge that he was thereafter in no position to protect his interests. Various authors have even speculated that some of those who maintained Hope-Jones's organs after his emigration may have sabotaged them in order to gain lucrative rebuilding contracts [13]. It is certainly the case that some of them suddenly collapsed with myriad faults for little apparent reason, yet today this is invariably taken as evidence that his mechanisms were 'unreliable'. Whether these allegations are true or not, there is little doubt Robert was badly used by some whom he had willingly assisted not many years previously.
Both men had strong entrepreneurial instincts, having set up their own companies at a relatively early age. Robert was clearly less successful than his brother in the world of business though, judging by the frequency with which his ventures failed. This was partly due to the proportion of time he spent in research and development aspects to the detriment of running the business itself, and his pursuit of time-consuming trivia which ate into profit without improving sales. A reflection of the same trait was his insistence on including every conceivable facility that his electric technology offered, regardless of whether it was any use to a church organist (quint couplers for heaven's sake? An organ that could be played from outside the church? A stop tab to open the swell shutters? Sforzando effects? The list is almost endless, yet Compton nevertheless lengthened it). In his later years, particularly during his time with Wurlitzer, he also became obsessive about achieving an unachievable level of perfection in the shipped product. Throughout his career he had difficulty working comfortably with others at Board level – like many innovators he was an autocrat, not always a good team player, and wanted to run the whole show.
Both brothers were to some extent flamboyant and enjoyed projecting an element of theatre. Robert, always a snappy dresser as surviving photographs show, was an early cycling enthusiast from his teens onwards at a time when heads would have turned in the street as he passed by. Frank's dramatic public presentation of the 'sixth pip' to Dyson has been mentioned already, and he obviously felt at home behind a microphone. These characteristics are of a piece with their liking for business and dealing with customers.
One unfortunate aspect of Robert's character which does not surface in Frank is that he was not averse to economising with the truth when it suited him. It is probably going too far to call him a compulsive liar, but the dry cell story alluded to above and discussed in detail in [2] confirms the statement. If it had only happened on one or two occasions it might have been regarded merely as one of those promotional excesses which many businessmen fall prey to. But to propagate an impossible myth repeatedly, both verbally and in writing, over some years demonstrates the pleasure which Robert apparently derived from pulling the wool over people's eyes. It is most unfortunate that he degraded himself and his achievements in this way.
Frank's Synchronome Company lasted for the whole of his working life, and its name lives on today in Tann Synchronome. When he died in 1950 his obituary, like that of his brother 35 years earlier, was published by the Institution of Electrical Engineers [8]. Today he is mainly remembered within horological circles, where some amateurs continue to try to outdo Hope-Jones with new pendulum timekeepers. His Synchronome pendulum and derivatives were used by astronomical observatories until about the time of his death, when they were superseded by atomic clocks. With the passage of a further half-century the fact that his name was once almost a household word thanks to radio has now slipped from the public consciousness, but that does not diminish the contribution he made to the life of the nation and the world.
That contribution can be related with little doubt to the vision, enthusiasm and innovative talents of his older brother, Robert the organ builder, who must have first aroused his fascination for the technology which subsequently fashioned his entire life.
Appendix 1 – The Synchronome Clock System
The Synchronome system consisted of a master clock or transmitter, not necessarily with its own dial although it usually did have one. It could drive virtually any number of slave dials. The master clock mechanism used between the wars had evolved into the form illustrated in Figure A1-1, and the slave dial mechanism is shown in Figure A1-2.
All of the mechanism of the master clock was supported on a cast A-frame with its surfaces machined flat. The pendulum was of "seconds" length, meaning it took one second to swing from one extremity to the other, therefore its period was two seconds. It was about a metre long and it supported a weight of about 7 kilograms. The pendulum rod was usually of invar, a nickel-steel alloy with a very low coefficient of thermal expansion at room temperature. The rod carried a small and very light jewelled hook which advanced a 15-toothed wheel one tooth per complete swing. The simple beauty of the design arose partly because this was the one and only wheel in the entire mechanism. Note that the wheel was not required to operate the hands on a dial as this was done electrically.
The wheel rotated once per half-minute, and at each revolution a vane attached to it pushed aside a catch which released a weighted arm onto the pendulum. Mechanical contact then occurred between a roller on the arm and a curved pallet attached to the pendulum rod. The clearances in the mechanism and the curvature of the pallet were such that the impulse given to the pendulum was gradual, reaching a maximum at its lowest point. This also was a design feature of considerable subtlety. In Frank's words [3, p.32] "it will thus be quite clear that the pendulum is perfectly free to oscillate normally at all times except when it is in the middle of its swing; not only is the escapement detached, but it operates at zero, thus bringing about the combination for which horologists have aimed for years without success".
The battery voltage appeared at the bottom of the L-shaped gravity arm, and as the pendulum continued to swing to the right while receiving its gravity impulse, this point of the arm eventually touched the armature of the electromagnets. In doing so it completed the electrical circuit, which included all the dials in series, and the armature then threw the arm rapidly back onto its catch. The same electrical impulse advanced all the dials by one half-minute. It is the most enthralling thing to watch in operation and also frustrating, because until you know how it works you have to wait impatiently for the next half-minute to elapse before you can see again the rapid transitions of the moving parts, which take place in less than a tenth of a second! A rather pleasing animation of the mechanism is available on the Internet [14], but contrary to what its sound effects imply, the pendulum swings in almost complete silence except for the click every half-minute. For those used to the ponderous tick-tock of an ordinary long case clock this seems curiously uncanny at first.
The appearance of the electromagnet coils can give a clue to the age of a Synchronome transmitter clock, and also to that of the magnets used in Robert's organs. The earliest ones were green because of the silk or cotton covered wire used to wind them, as this was universal during the late Victorian and early Edwardian era before enamel covered wire had been used. Electric bells, relays and telephones from that period used such wire, and it is likely that Robert would also have used it for his early organ magnets. These latter, incidentally, were wound by a small army of female workers supervised by his wife at his first organ factory in Birkenhead. If an early Hope-Jones organ electromagnet does not contain coloured wire it is possible that it is not in original condition but has been rewound.
Figure A1-2. The Synchronome slave dial mechanism.
The slave dials were simple, consisting of a single electromagnet which advanced a toothed wheel at each received impulse by means of a pawl. The wheel drove the minute hand directly and the hour hand via the usual gear train.
The Synchronome master pendulum would keep time to within a few seconds per week, and to effect an improvement it was necessary to reduce still further the residual losses due to friction with the air and in the suspension, and remove the need to rotate the 15-toothed wheel. This was done, not by modifying the master pendulum itself, but by using it to provide the motive impulses for a second free pendulum maintained in a temperature controlled and evacuated vessel. This synchronised two-pendulum system was invented by W H Shortt, and in this form Frank Hope-Jones's original ideas remained in use until the mid-twentieth century in astronomical observatories the world over. The Shortt system kept time to within a few seconds per year, and it was only displaced when Louis Essen's atomic clocks became available from the National Physical Laboratory. The Shortt system can also be seen in animated form on the website referred to earlier [15].
Appendix 2 – Energy Consumption in the Synchronome Clock System
Every half-minute the Synchronome impulsing mechanism required approximately ½ ampere for about 1/15th of a second [3, p.32]. All the electromagnets of the entire system – the master clock impulsing mechanism, master clock dial (if any) and all slave dials - were connected in series. Each magnet coil had a resistance of around three ohms [4]. Therefore the voltage required depended on the number of dials in the system, and it had to be chosen so that the necessary current of around ½ ampere would flow. Thus, as an example, the master clock plus its dial alone would have a total resistance of 6 ohms, requiring a voltage of 3 volts which could be obtained from 2 dry cells in series. More slave dials would require more cells. The number of cells required was confirmed by Frank Hope-Jones himself [3, p. 52].
Every hour, the current of ½ ampere was drawn for a total of 120/15 seconds which equals 8 seconds. Every 24 hours it was drawn for 192 seconds. Therefore the current was drawn for 7200 seconds (2 hours, representing a consumption of 1 ampere-hour) over a period of 37 ½ days or approximately one month. In other words, each cell of the battery must have had a storage capacity of at least one ampere-hour to work the system for one month in round figures.
Both the peak current of ½ ampere and the required storage capacity were well within the capability of dry cells. Large dry cells ('Flag' cells) are still available today with a 40 ampere-hour capacity, a figure which would be realised under the low rate of discharge considered here. Therefore the claim that the Synchronome system would run for well over a year using large dry cells is confirmed.
1. "Hope-Jones at the College of Organists", C E Pykett 2004, currently on this website (read).
2. "Hope-Jones and the Dry Cell", C E Pykett 2003, currently on this website (read).
3. "Electric Clocks and how to make them", edited, updated and partly written by F Hope-Jones, 1949 (reprinted Argus Books Ltd, 1977). It is unclear which parts of this book were actually by the hand of Hope-Jones, though the fact that some chapters were attributed explicitly to different authors implies that those which were not were written by himself. One is entitled to assume that he agreed with everything in the book because nowhere does he say or imply otherwise.
4. The resistance of the magnet coil was estimated to be about 3 ohms from the winding details given at page 41 of [3].
5. Robert outlined his ideas for a pipeless organ using additive synthesis in the lecture given to the forerunner of the RCO (see [1] above).
6. "The Hope-Jones Organ in Pilton Parish Church", C E Pykett, Organists' Review, November 1993. Also currently on this website (read).
7. Robert Hope-Jones, MIEE, obituary. Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1915.
8. Frank Hope-Jones, MIEE, obituary. Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1950.
9. "A Hope-Jones Synchronome Miscellany", F Hope-Jones, 1913-23 (reprinted TEE Publishing 1995). As with [3], it is unclear exactly how much of this work was contributed by Hope-Jones himself, though parts of it obviously were not.
10. "Electrical Time Keeping", F Hope-Jones, 1940 (reprinted NAG Press, London 1976).
11. "Re-creating Vanished Organs", C E Pykett 2005, currently on this website (read).
12. For unaccountable reasons, both Robert and Frank are frequently claimed by Wales as two of its famous sons
(see, for example, http://www.famouswelsh.com/06_science/science3.html, accessed 22 December 2009).
Another website (http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/celebs/engineers4.html, accessed 22 December 2009) claims that Robert was among some "Manchester Engineers & Inventors" and that he was born "in the village of Hooton Grange".
Yet another maintains that his first and famous electrified organ at St John's, Birkenhead was in some mythical church of "St John's, Hooton Grange". Obviously a lesson or two in geography would be in order for some in that part of the world!
13. See, for example, Clark 1993 ("An Apparently Controversial Instrument", Relf Clark, BIOS Journal 17, 1993, Positif Press Oxford, p.59).
14. Synchronome animation: http://homepage.bluwin.ch/electric-clocks/Hope-Jones.htm.
15. Shortt pendulum animation: http://homepage.bluwin.ch/electric-clocks/Shortt.htm.
16. An 1893 letterhead identifying Frank as company secretary of The Hope-Jones Electric Organ Company Ltd is displayed in the Hope-Jones Museum at the Lancastrian Theatre Organ Trust in Manchester.


He will capture your heart as he has his foster's and everyone he meets. This guy is a shelter survivor, doing fantastic in his foster's home in Manhattan.
He walks like a dream, snuggles like a champ, greets people, large and small, like a debutante ... he is just about perfect!
He is also good with other dogs, good with cats with slow intros. He is house trained. He knows his basic commands. Super smart, well behaved and polite. Any home would be lucky to have Romeo.
AND, he has that very special Petey black circle around his eye! How cute is he!
Romeo is about 4 yrs old and weighs 62 lbs. He is utd on vaccinations, neutered and microchipped.


On a beautiful spring day, a young boy, carrying his picnic lunch, was skipping along the soft grass along a dusty road. He saw many people gathering on a hill by the lake just up ahead so, being curious, he took his small sack lunch and decided to join them. His mind was racing with questions as he darted in and out through the crowd, trying to make his way to the front so he could see just exactly what was happening. "What's going on? ... I wonder why there are so many people here... Is it a big party?" were some of the questions going through his mind.
He sucked in his breath and scrunched himself as small as possible to squeeze through the thick of the crowd. The boy nudged people to the left and right, and occasionally stumbled over someone's foot as he scrambled through the throng, but he finally made his way to the front where he discovered the reason for the huge gathering. A man named Jesus and some of his friends had arrived in a small fishing boat. The crowd of people was clamoring to get a good look at him.
Seeing the great multitude, Jesus and his friends decided to stay in the boat. Jesus stood up in the little boat and welcomed the people. He knew they had come to see him and he wasn't going to disappoint them. The people in the crowd were edging themselves closer and closer so they would to be able to hear what Jesus was saying. Minutes passed and even hours, but the people didn't grow tired of listening to Jesus. They had never heard anyone as interesting as this man. He had so many wonderful stories to tell, and they were hanging on to his every word.
As evening drew near, one of the disciples turned to Jesus and asked, "Shouldn't we send them away now? It is getting late, and none of them have eaten anything the entire day."
Much to his surprise, Jesus answered him, "No, do not send them away. You find food to feed them."
Looking around at the crowd that had continued to grow larger and larger, and hungrier and hungrier, the disciple was a little confused and bewildered. "But, Jesus!" he exclaimed, "There is no way we can feed this many people! It would take about EIGHT MONTHS to get enough food to satisfy this large crowd!"
As the disciples looked around the crowd wondering how they would ever be able to follow Jesus' wishes, one of the disciples saw the small boy with his lunch. The disciple knelt down and asked kindly, "Would you be willing to share your lunch?"
The boy jumped up and down in excitement and joyfully answered, "For Jesus, I will gladly give it all!"
The disciple took the sack to Jesus, and said, "I found a little boy who was willing to give us his lunch. It is small, but here it is."
Another disciple spoke up, "There is only five small loaves of bread and two tiny fish in there! How is that supposed to feed all these people?"
Jesus didn't take time to explain. He wanted each person to see for himself what was going to happen next. Jesus simply took the lunch; he broke the bread and fish into pieces, and he blessed it. Then he gave it to the disciples, and told them to feed the people. Even though they knew there wasn't going to be enough for everyone, they also knew it was better to obey Jesus than to try to argue with him.
They scattered themselves around the crowd and started passing out pieces of fish and pieces of bread. They walked and walked, stooping down to hand the food to the hungry people sitting on the hillside. They were so busy that they didn't even notice that their baskets were not getting empty. Finally when everyone had eaten enough to fill them up and it started getting very late, the crowd started dwindling as people began to go back to their own homes.
Jesus told his disciples to pick up baskets and collect all the leftovers so that nothing would be wasted. The disciples were startled as they stared at the sight before their eyes. As they gathered the leftovers, there was a buzz of excitement. "How amazing it is that Jesus could take a small boy's lunch and fill all these HUNGRY people!" one exclaimed.
"Yeah, and I've already picked up a WHOLE BASKET of pieces over here!" another yelled back.
"My basket is almost full also!" said another with awe. When they finished, they took it all to Jesus and began to count. ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR, FIVE, SIX, SEVEN, EIGHT, NINE, TEN, ELEVEN, TWELVE. TWELVE Baskets leftover!!!!! Wow! What a miracle Jesus had performed right there before their very eyes! Two little fish and five small loaves of bread had fed over FIVE THOUSAND people with plenty of food to spare!
Eight-year-old Kelsey enjoyed helping others. She really wanted to do something that would make a difference. She wasn't very big and she wasn't very strong; so many people didn't think there was much she could do. Some tried to discourage her and told her she had good intentions, but she should just wait until she was a little bigger.
Kelsey didn't like that idea at all. She didn't want to wait until she was bigger. It wasn't that she was impatient; she just saw so much that needed to be done and she wanted to help. She saw people to feed and yards to clean. She saw needs nobody else seemed to notice. She saw sad people that she just wanted to make happy, but all her friends, family, and even teachers said that she was too small. It wasn't like she wanted to go around the world! She just wanted to help the people she saw everyday. Oh, but the thought did occur that if she had the chance to go around the world, she wouldn't even have to stop and think! She was out of there!
At church on Sunday, she heard a missionary speaking of all the needs in a country far away. Kelsey was sad as she heard him speak because she was sure there was nothing she could do. Then she heard the missionary say something that made her bolt upright and listen with joy. "If you give just one dollar in a month, you could feed TEN people in another country far away."
A big grin spread across Kelsey's face, as she understood just what she could do. "I CAN do that, and nobody can stop me!" Now her thoughts were not rebellious, just excited that she COULD finally do something and make a difference. Every month for many years Kelsey took her offering to church to help feed hungry people in a far away country. Plus, she always prayed for the people she was feeding halfway around the world. Kelsey was so happy and almost always had a smile on her face. She learned that she didn't have to be big to help others. Helping made her feel REALLY BIG in her heart.
Do you ever feel like the little girl in the story? Do ever feel like you want to help but aren't good enough or big enough? Well, Jesus wants you to know that it doesn't matter how big or how small; He wants to use all of you in an awesome way — not just when you're big, but right now! So why don't we pray and ask God to show you what He wants you to be doing for Him right now?
Why did the crowd gather on the hillside?
Why did the disciples want to send the people home?
What was in the little boy's lunch?
What did the disciple ask the little boy to do?
Did the little boy want to share his lunch?
How many people shared the little lunch?
You are never too young to offer your gift to God.
"And Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth in me shall never thirst" (John 6:35).
of us something that we can give back to You.
a miracle. In Jesus' Name we pray. Amen.
Copyright © 2017 by Jennifer Leigh Edwards.


a companion to THE BFF BUCKET LIST. We are honored that Dee took a break from the book birthday celebrations to talk about writing timelines.
One of the questions I'm often asked is how long it takes me to write a book. The thing is, it's not a simple answer.
My first manuscript took a year to write, and I've always thought of it like working on a Master's Project. I was learning how to write a book with that manuscript. My next one took six months. The next, four months. During that time, I was also exchanging with critique partners. Which means those time frames include waiting for feedback.
Being able to complete a project in less time was definitely good practice for when I'd have actual deadlines. And while you may or may not write faster as you grow as a writer, remember that becoming a stronger writer is really about practicing and continuing to learn your craft.
Most of my books have sold on proposal, which means I wrote sample chapters and a synopsis and was then asked to write the rest. In those cases, I had between 4-7 months to turn in a somewhat polished draft to my editor. And for me, that means leaving time to have my trusted critique partners give me feedback, and then revise based on their notes.
However, my new release, POSTCARDS FROM VENICE, took longer. Maybe … eight months for that first draft? And it took much longer in revisions too.
This book was different. For one thing, I was still at various stages in the process with two other books, so I was essentially working on three books at the same time. It was like a revolving door of stories that I had to keep track of. I couldn't devote all my writing time to any one project. Not to mention the time I spent working on promotion for the other books.
There was also a lot I needed to learn for this book. It takes place in Venice, where I've never been. There's some Italian in the book, but I took Spanish in school. And there's an Australian boy, who I wanted to be sure was authentic. And did I mention I've never been to Venice?
So it took time. It took Google Earth and Pinterest and Tripadvisor.com's reviews of tourist sites and travel blogs. It took critique partners and reaching out to friends of friends who had been to or lived in Venice. It took lots of questions and lots of videos of Italy. It took listening and reading and researching. And with all of that to think about, sometimes I needed to step away from the project and work on something else.
So how long does it take to write a book? The real answer is that it depends. Which means it's up to you to answer that question on your own, without a preconceived notion of how long it should take.
I asked a few published middle grade author friends, and the responses to "How long does it take you to write a book?" ranged from a month to two years.
It takes what it takes, and many factors come into play—the category, the genre, the word count, how complex the project is, if you plot extensively or spend more time in revisions, if there are deadlines, if critique partners or agents need time to read, if you have other books to work on or have other life-related things going on, how fast you can write, etc. The time it takes you to write a book could be years or it could be months. And how fast you write does not determine how good the book will be.


text:
Q: Large long-running reporting queries are causing very slow new mysql connections Usually, mysql's connecton time is in the 0.001 second range. However, when I run a large reporting query (that spans multiple tables with aggregates), I get tons of warnings saying that new mysql connections are taking between .5 and 2 seconds just to connect! Why would a single large query affect connection times so much?
Doing research online, I can't seem to find which mysql settings would need to be tweaked to mitigate the issue.
I'm on MySQL 5.6, using all InnoDB tables.

A: It's look like your reporting query lock for a while the tables needed by general queries.
There is no general recipe for such cases and you have to refactor your reporting to avoid locking. Sometimes you can achieve this with splitting one big query into the series of smaller ones. Sometimes the good approach is to copy some tables for exclusive use by report generator. Sometimes it is something else. All depends on the your DB scheme.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Mobile phones trigger eczema
The possible health risks from using mobile phones have been under scrutiny for some time. In particular the risk of children who regularly us a mobile phone developing brain tumors.
Two years ago researchers found another health risk resulting from using mobile phones – a risk of developing eczema. These findings were not made public as there was little or no proof.
Recent tests carried out by Japanese scientist Dr Hajime Kimata have confirmed these earlier findings that exposure to the microwaves emitted by mobile phones can trigger a reaction in people with skin allergies.
Blood tests have shown that people with eczema or dermatitis have higher levels of chemicals pumped out by their immune system when using a mobile phone causing an allergic reaction. It would appear that the microwaves are triggering an allergic reaction.
It is believed there are around 50 million mobile phones in use in the UK alone making the safety issue of prolonged use a major concern.
British allergy experts have said that Dr Kimata's findings are interesting but there is no scientific explanation as to why radiation would increase allergic responses.
"This study adds to the evidence that microwave radiation may do strange things that we don't quite understand" added Professor Tony Frew, of the Southampton University.
Mel Sinclair, RN


This is a series of practicals we have run for our own students and in schools.
3B scientific http://www.3bscientific.com/global/3bscientific/index.cfm/abspath/com/domainID/2/Language/1/search/meta also have quite a good range of products.
Biologists define members of the same species as organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring. With fossils we cannot do that, so we have rely on what they look like. Because appearance can be a matter of opinion, there have been many disputes about classification of hominids (a hominid is all human relatives including chimps and gorillas whereas hominin refers to those organisms in the lineage following the split from chimps about 6 MYA).
If we use what something looks like as our species definition then we might put males and females, or young and old individuals into different species. So, as biologists, we need to know something about the variation in a population to give us more confidence in our allocation of organisms into different species.
to determine how brain size has changed over evolutionary time.


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MARCH 2, 2022 DECISIONS
By PetroskeLaw
Matter of Nizen v. Jacobellis, 2021-06576
The Family Court properly denied the father's objections to an order of a support magistrate on the ground of improper service. The father did not claim or bring forward evidence that he attempted to serve his objections upon the mother by any other means besides email, which was not a permissible method of service since the mother was not represented by counsel (see CPLR 2103(c)). Since the father failed to serve his objections upon the mother pursuant to CPLR 2103(c), his proof of service was deficient (see Family Ct Act § 439(e)). The father did not meet the condition precedent to filing timely written objections, and thus, "failed to exhaust the Family Court procedure for review of his objections" (Matter of Ishmael A.A.-S. v. Sacha C., 169 AD3d 662, 663; see Matter of Sheridan v. Koelmel, 190 AD3d 859, 860; Matter of Simpson v. Gelin, 48 AD3d 693; Matter of Chukwuogo v. Chukwuogo, 46 AD3d 558). As a result, the father's arguments in relation to the merits of his objections are not reviewable (see Matter of Ishmael A.A.-S. v. Sacha C., 169 AD3d at 663; Matter of Carroll v. Brodsky, 168 AD3d 727, 728).