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Улица Сонина —  улица в Центральном округе Курска, одна из самых коротких улиц в городе. Проходит по историческому центру города, начинаясь у Красной площади и, круто изогнувшись, заканчивается, выходя на улицу Александра Невского. Нумерация домов ведётся только по чётной стороне.

От улицы Сонина начинаются улицы Ендовищенская и Нижняя Набережная.

История
Улицу Сонина можно назвать самой древней улицей Курска. Она существует с момента возникновения древней крепости, построенной тысячу лет тому назад у слияния двух рек — Тускари и Кура. Тогда эта дорога огибала крепостную стену. В XIX веке улица называлась Мурановской и включала в себя современную улицу Луначарского. В 1905 году стала называться Верхней Набережной, а с 1918 была переименована в честь наркома просвещения РСФСР Анатолия Васильевича Луначарского. В 1925 году из неё был выделен участок, являющийся ныне улицей Сонина, которому вернули название Верхней Набережной улицы. В 1977 году улица получила современное название в честь Героя Советского Союза, лейтенанта Ивана Егоровича Сонина. В память о нём на здании электроаппаратного завода установлена мраморная доска.

Примечательные здания и сооружения

Здание дворянского собрания (№ 4)

Современное здание Дворянского собрания было построено в 1877 году. До этого, с конца XVIII века здесь располагалось здание Благородного собрания с примыкающим к нему театром. Эти строения были уничтожены пожаром в ночь на 11 января 1876 года. В новом здании, на третьем этаже, размещались помещения пансионата для дворянских детей — учащихся гимназии и реального училища. 17 (29) октября 1892 года в здании Дворянского собрания по неустановленной причине вспыхнул сильный пожар, после которого от строения остались только голые стены. Реконструировал здание архитектор Слесарев. В Большом зале до Октябрьской революции изредка проходили собрания дворян Курской губернии. Всё остальное время этот вместительный зал сдавался под концерты или театральные постановки. После Октябрьской революции, 5 ноября 1918 года, здание Дворянского собрания было переименовано в Рабочий дворец, а Большой зал — в аудиторию Маркса — Энгельса. В здании разместились профсоюзные организации, в залах устраивались праздники для пролетариата. В сентябре 1919 года Курск был занят частями Добровольческой армии Вооружённых сил Юга России, и в здании Дворянского собрания разместился командующий 1-го армейского корпуса генерал-лейтенант А. П. Кутепов со своим штабом. После ухода из Курска частей Добровольческой армии в январе — феврале 1920 года в здании Дворянского собрания располагались командование, штаб и Реввоенсовет Южного фронта. 12 сентября 1920 года в здании открылся музей искусств. В 1922 году в Рабочем дворце разместили губотдел труда, губсобес, пролетарский клуб. Ещё позднее здание отдали клубу железнодорожников. 12 ноября 1929 года в здании был открыт Дом Красной Армии. В нём проходили торжественные заседания, функционировал кинотеатр, выступали приглашенные артисты, устраивались спортивные соревнования. Зимой 1943 года при отступлении из Курска фашистские оккупанты подожгли здание, после чего оно долго лежало в руинах. В начале 60-х годов XX века здание Дворянского собрания было восстановлено на средства Министерства обороны, внешний вид здания был полностью сохранён. Здесь разместился гарнизонный Дом офицеров, ставший важным культурным центром города. С 12 октября 1995 года в части помещений Дома офицеров начал работать планетарий. В 2010 году Министерством обороны РФ принято решение о повсеместной ликвидации домов офицеров. Здание было безвозмездно передано в собственность Курской области с условием, что в нём продолжит работу Курский гарнизонный военный суд. В конце 2017 года в реконструированном здании бывшего дома офицеров открылась вторая площадка областной государственной филармонии, а годом ранее — Свиридовский центр искусств.

Башня монастырской ограды

Массивная каменная башня, выходящая своим фасадом на улицу Сонина, является единственным сохранившимся элементом монастырской ограды, возведённой в конце XVII века на пожертвования князей Ромодановских.

Памятный знак в честь 700-летия обретения иконы Курской Коренной Божией матери «Знамение»

Памятный знак в честь 700-летия обретения иконы Курской Коренной Божией матери «Знамение» торжественно открыт 21 сентября 1995 года (в день празднования 700-летия обретения иконы) напротив здания бывшего дворянского собрания. Представляет собой бетонную арку, которая держит отлитое в бронзе изображение иконы Божией Матери. Автор монумента — скульптор В. М. Клыков.

Примечания

Литература

История Курска
Улицы Курска


Four local prep basketball teams will compete in the Steve Hodson Classic Thursday through Saturday in Cedar City. The Grantsville boys and girls teams will each play three games. The Grantsville girls will face Cedar, Canyon View and Hurricane. The boys will compete against Park City, South Sevier and Lincoln County, Nev. The Tooele boys will play in the classic with games against Delta, Juab and Cedar. The Stansbury boys will compete against Juab, Canyon View and South Sevier. The Stansbury girls will play at Juab on Thursday and host Highland on Saturday. Tooele girls will host Hurricane on Thursday and play at Carbon on Saturday.
Grantsville High School basketball programs will host their annual GHS Alumni Tournament on Wednesday and Thursday. For the second year in a row there will be a men's and women's tournament. Both the men's and women's tournaments start on Wednesday, Dec. 26 with the men's games starting at 9 a.m. and women's games at noon. The majority of the tournament will last all day on Wednesday with the last game starting at 7 p.m. On Thursday there will be three games with the first two starting at 6 p.m. and championship game at 7 p.m.
A 10U accelerated girls softball league is looking for players from Tooele County who are interested in playing in a league that will be playing at the South Jordan Softball complex on Friday nights starting in April and playing at various softball tournaments after league play is over up to June 30. Practices will begin Jan. 7, 2013. Players must have been born in 2002. If interested please contact Glenda Bender (435) 882-8375.
The FMWR racquetball tournament is scheduled to begin in late January. Categories will include men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles and mixed doubles. The deadline to register for the tournament is Jan. 18. The tournament is open to the public. Call TEAD FMWR Physical Fitness Center at (435) 833-2159 to register.
The 2013 FMWR Adult Coed Volleyball League will begin on Jan. 22. Deadline to sign up is Jan. 14 and the program is open to the public. Entry fee is $100 per team for non-depot teams. Register and sign up at Building 1002, or call 2159 and register over the phone with a credit card. Teams can compete in the recreational league on Tuesday nights, the competitive league on Thursday nights, or both. Players must be 18 years of age or older and out of high school to play in the league. For more information call (435) 833-2159.
After scoring only three points in three quarters, BYU scored three touchdowns in the fourth quarter off of three San Diego State turnovers to win the Poinsettia Bowl 23- 6 Thursday night in San Diego. The Cougars trailed 6-3 when defensive MVP Kyle Van Noy knocked the ball out of the hands of SDSU quarterback Adam Dingwell in the Aztecs' end zone and then pounced on it to BYU its first lead at 10-6. Dingwell fumbled again on the next possession and BYU recovered at the SDSU 14-yard line. Jamaal Williams then scored to make it 16-6. Van Noy added a second scoring TD when he intercepted a pass and retunred it 17 yards for a touchdown. BYU receiver Cody Hoffman was named offensive MVP. He caught 10 passes for 114 yards. James Lark won his second game as a BYU quarterback by completing 23-of-42 passes with two interceptions.
High school basketball senior Jabari Parker committed to Duke University on Thursday over BYU, Florida, Michigan State and Standford. As a junior, the 6-foot-8 Parker was named the ESPNChicago.com player of the year, Illinois' Mr. Basketball and the national Gatorade player of the year. He averaged 19.5 points, 8.9 rebounds, 4.9 assists, 3.3 blocks and 1.4 steals a game. Parker and Simeon Career Academy have won three Illinois Class 4A state championships. The Wolverines are attempting to become only the second team in state history to win four consecutive titles.
With the recent announcement that the Lucas Oil Pro Motocross Championship, sanctioned by AMA Pro Racing, will be coming to Miller Motorsports Park on Aug. 17, 2013, the remainder of the track's 2013 schedule has now been finalized and season passes are now on sale at a substantial discount. To view the upcoming schedule go to MillerMotorsportsPark.com or call (435) 277-RACE (7223).


text:
Annabelle Comes Home 2019 Hindi Full Movie, Download 720p Torrent, 1080p Download, Free Torrent, Utorrent, Extratorrents, Yts, Yify
Annabelle Comes Home Hindi
Determined to keep Annabelle from wreaking more havoc, paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren lock the possessed doll in the artifacts room in their house. But when the doll awakens the room's evil spirits, it soon becomes an unholy night of terror for the couple's 10-year-old daughter, her friends and their young baby sitter.
Actors: Emily Brobst, Katie Sarife, Madison Iseman, Mckenna Grace, Patrick Wilson, Steve Coulter, Vera Farmiga
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Splitting a byte into bits I have a byte array i.e from byte[0] to byte[2].  I want to first split byte[0] into 8 bits. Then bytes[1] and finally bytes[2]. By splitting I mean that if byte[0]=12345678 then i want to split as variable A=8,Variable B=7, variable C=6,Variable D=5,........ Variable H=0. How to split the byte and store the bits into variables? I want to do this in JAVA

A: well the bitwise operations seem to be almost what you're talking about.
a byte is composed of 8 bits, and so it goes in the rage of 0 to 255.
written in binary that's 00000000 to 11111111.
Bitwise operations are those that basically use masks to get out as much info as possible out of a byte.
Say for instance you have your 1101 0011 byte (space added for visibility only) = 211 (decimal). You can split that into 2 "variables" b1 and b2 of half a byte each. they'll thus cover the range of 0 to 15.
How you do this is by defining some masks. A mask to get your first half-a-byte-value would be 0000 1111.
You take your value of 11010011 apply the bitwise and (& ) operator to it.
So saying byte b = 211; byte mask1=15; OR byte b=0x11010011; byte mask1=0x00001111;
you then have your variable byte b1=b & mask1;
Thus applying that operation would result in b1=00000011 = 3;
With a mask byte mask2=0x11110000; applying the same operation on b, you'd get byte b2=mask2 & b = 0x11010000;
Now of course that leaves the number b2 possibly too large for you. All you have to do if you want to grab the value 0x1101 is to right shift it. Thus b2>>=4;
You can have your masks in any form, but it's usual to have them in decimal as the powers of 2 (so that you can take any bit out of your byte) or decide what range you want on your variables and make the mask "larger" like 0x00000011, or ox00001100. Those 2 masks would respectively get you 2 values from a byte, each value ranging from 0 to 3, values that you can fit 4 inside a byte.
for more info, chek out the relevant wiki.
Sorry, the values were a little off (since byte seems to go from -128 to 127, but the idea is the same.
Second edit (never used bitwise operations myself lol)... the "0x" notation is for hexadecimals. So you'll actually have to calculate for yourself what 01001111 actually means... pretty sucky :| but it's gonna do the trick.

A: boolean a = (theByte & 0x1) != 0;
boolean b = (theByte & 0x2) != 0;
boolean c = (theByte & 0x4) != 0;
boolean d = (theByte & 0x8) != 0;
boolean e = (theByte & 0x10) != 0;
boolean f = (theByte & 0x20) != 0;
boolean g = (theByte & 0x40) != 0;
boolean h = (theByte & 0x80) != 0;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Pest biology: Systematics of pests/pathogens, life cycles, adaptations (modes of survival, perpetuation), responses to the interactions with other organisms of economic importance (host plants, biocontrol agents,endophytes etc).
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Biology of host – pest interactions in the changing agro-climatic scenarios and Study the effect of climate change on the physiological and metabolic activities of the host.
Development of diagnostic tools & molecular characterization of pathogenic variability and severity assessment of diseases and pests.
Screening of resistance genes using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics approaches.


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Billing Department (800) 307-8016
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West Hills Hosp... Get Directions
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West Hills Hospital welcomes new board members
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West Hills Hospital & Medical Center, a full-service acute care facility, has welcomed two new community leaders to its board of trustees. The board maintains oversight to ensure that the hospital meets the needs of the community and fulfills its mission.
The two new board members are listed below:
Councilmember John Lee currently represents the 12th Los Angeles City District. He has a long track record of delivering result to the community through innovative new programs, as well as making improvements to the delivery of city services to the neighborhoods. His priorities include public safety, economic development and working with the community to address the homelessness crisis.
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Store lifter for flexible use of 1/4 pallets. Mechanical raise/lower function with foot pedal.
ER-A 20 is the most flexible pallet truck so far. Its unique feature with mechanical start assist will help you get the carriage rolling with heavy goods.


This cinnabar Fish pendant is hand wrapped with sterling silver wire and accented with a black Czechoslovakian glass bead and a sterling silver daisy bead. It is strung on a sterling silver 18" chain. Fish Measures 1 1/4" .
This cinnabar Fish necklace makes a great gift for the fish lover on your list. If you have any questions about this necklace please feel free to message me and I will get back to you promptly. Our customers are our priority. We pride ourselves in offering superior customer service.


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"With a decreasing green cover in urban areas, craving for a green view and a connection to nature has become more intense, both for visual reasons as well as to create sufficient biomass to produce oxygen," say Goonmeet Singh Chauhan and Anoj Tevatia, principal architects speaking of the design of their two recent projects – in Vasant Vihar and Greater Kailash, New Delhi. Retaining trees and shrubs on site, introducing planter balconies, terrace gardens and integrating existing trees into the overall spatial planning are solutions that they have diligently incorporated into both projects.
The project in Greater Kailash has nature integrated right from the stilt level of parking, where a tiny green lawn facilitates not only recharging of the ground water table, but also becomes a breathing zone; further, fitted with outdoor seating, the area is thoughtfully converted into a communal space.
Setting a benchmark is this wheelchair-friendly building, where a step-free entrance is carved out whilst broad doorways ensure internal wheelchair-accessibility.
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Warmth of wood unifies the interiors viz. wall paneling and suspended ceiling panels, whilst mostly concealed and muted lighting creates a soothing ambience. Indoor lighting plays a supporting role to the natural infusion of light pouring in from floor-to-ceiling glazing.
The romance with nature continues unabated right into the master en-suite washroom, where the balcony abutting the toilet is designed as a tree pit, a tropical experience right into the washrooms. The interplay of vibrant greenery and polished Italian marble marries the urban aesthetics with eco-sensitivity.


Barletta expressed his support for a budget proposal set forth by Rep Paul Ryan, R-Wisconsin, as well as weening American dependency off foreign oil and instead utilizing Marcellus shale.
Democrats have a different view.
Louis only out for himself. People in Hazleton have no work, why don't he support the cargo airport?
Shut up Bruce stay in Bucks County. Lou will get reelected especially with Scranton getting taken out of this district.
. . . so that leaves only 631 days for him to do his damage. The quicker his agenda is exposed, the sooner his constituents will realize what a mistake they made.
Funny that he wants to cut funding for border security, since curbing illegal immigration was a hot button of his campaign. Funny but smart like a fox. If we fix the problem at the BORDER, where it should be fixed, there will be only LEGAL immigrants in his District. That deprives him of a major rotten plank for his campaign NEXT TIME. No illegals, no Barletta.
And he'll have INFORMED Seniors hunting for his scalp, too.


As a part of Community Out Reach Program, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur organized an awareness program on Heart Health for employees of GAIL. Championed by Dr. DeependraBhatnagar, Additional Director (Department of Cardiology) and Ms. Garima Tiwari, Head - Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, the session was attended by over 50 people. During the session, the medical experts explained about Heart Health, Prevention of Heart Diseases, Diet Management, etc.


Hi there! Before my latest running hiatus, I signed up to participate in the Run for the Badge 5k. While there is no fundraising requirement, I am hoping to raise $200.
Part of me hesitates to post this, as the law enforcement community is struggling with some terrible issues. I do not wish to alienate or offend anyone who has been impacted by the senseless brutality inflicted upon members of the public. I do want to honor those who serve with integrity, especially those who died in the line of duty.
I did include this on the fundraising page, but in case you aren't sure you want to click over I will share this here as well. I grew up in a small community, one where we kept a police scanner on because we could hear sirens from surrounding departments and wanted to make sure friends' homes, businesses, and churches were safe. I remember the night that a local officer was shot and killed while searching for a suspect that escaped a work release program. I was 15 years old, and twenty years later I still remember. I've raced a local 5k in his memory for several years, and unfortunately his loss was not the last that my community suffered in the years since.
My educational and professional career have brought some incredible law enforcement professionals into my life. Those in small localities in Texas, near Mexico, combatting a corrupt department while trying to protect their communities from drug warfare. An incredible homicide detective in Orlando, writing grants for every dime possible to support advanced forensic science for his cases and responding to cases I cannot even imagine (including the massacre at Pulse). A team of feds that are the exact opposite of every stereotype out there, providing expertise to departments across the country, and responding to major crimes at a moments notice.
These are the officers and agents that I hold in my mind and my heart. These and others like them are who I will run/walk/crawl 5k for in a few weeks. Please consider supporting those who sacrificed all by going to my page, linked below. Your donation supports the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund. The Memorial Fund is a principal organizer of the National Police Week observances and hosts the Candlelight Vigil at the Memorial each may 13 to dedicate the newly-engraved names of the fallen, as well as honor all fallen law enforcement officers. In addition, the Memorial Fund maintains the largest, most comprehensive database of line-of-duty officer deaths, conducts research to identify emerging trends and findings of officer fatalities, and serves as an information clearinghouse to improve officer safety.


text:
"""Fichier définissant la classe statique de manipulation des joueurs."""

from primaires.joueur.joueur import Joueur
from test.primaires.connex.fausse_instance_connexion import \
        FausseInstanceConnexion

class ManipulationJoueur:

    """Classe utilisée pour manipuler des joueurs dans les tests unitaires.

    Cette classe sert à créer et supprimer des joueurs de façon
    simple et transparente à l'intérieur de tests unitaires. Elle
    comporte plusieurs méthodes statiques utiles pour la manipulation,
    donc on peut hériter une classe de cette classe de manipulation
    (et d'autres si nécessaire).

    """

    @staticmethod
    def creer_joueur(compte, nom):
        """Crée un joueur dans le compte indiqué.

        Les paramètres attendus sont :

          compte -- le nom du compte (il doit déjà avoir été créé)
          nom -- le nom du joueur à créer

        """
        compte = importeur.connex.comptes[compte]
        joueur = Joueur()
        joueur.nom = nom
        joueur.instance_connexion = FausseInstanceConnexion()
        joueur.instance_connexion.joueur = joueur
        compte.ajouter_joueur(joueur)
        joueur.pre_connecter()
        return joueur

    def supprimer_joueur(self, joueur):
        """Supprime le joueur précisé."""
        if joueur.compte:
            joueur.compte.supprimer(joueur)

        joueur.pre_deconnecter()
        joueur.detruire()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What is your doorbell's password?
Is TFA an option? Do you have two-factor-authentication turned on? You should.
In 2018, I represented sellers with solar systems installed, Nest and EcoBee thermostats, Ring doorbells, SimpliSafe security systems.
Smart security practices are key. If you have smart stuff in your home, make sure they're secure. Or … have an analog home.
You never know who's trying to hack your doorbell/refrigerator/vacuum/washing machine/thermostat/etc, or when Amazon employees might be getting access to your doorbell's camera.
… to combat the sort of information warfare and cyberattacks used in that election, as well as the more general and staggering cybersecurity threats posed to U.S. persons and entities, the Senator lays out a detailed series of recommendations for this doctrine, emphasizing: establishing international cyber norms and rules; combatting disinformation and misinformation; hardening networks, weapons systems, and Internet of Things devices; realigning defense spending; and strong federal leadership.


instant death. It required four men to remove the piece of coal from his body.
children, seven and five years of age.
Info from Eleanor Storm, who was married to Ray Storm, William was his father.
He went by the name Will. he was not Catholic but his wife Eileen Trillion was.
North Dakota. She had no idea if only William was the only one to come to North Dakota. She thought William came to Ambrose, ND and then to Hanks, ND.


text:
Q: Service endpoint not found? Seem to run into a service endpoint not found problem when trying to get from my service.
if I try http://localhost:8000/hello/help I should expect to see <string>You entered help <string> but I only get the no endpoint instead? I havent touched my config files at all and I am just hosting from a console app.
Host:
namespace Host
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            WebHttpBinding binding = new WebHttpBinding();
            WebServiceHost host =
            new WebServiceHost(typeof(Service1));
            host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IService1),
            binding,
            "http://localhost:8000/hello");
            host.Open();
            Console.WriteLine("Hello world service");
            Console.WriteLine("Press <RETURN> to end service");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

Service1:
namespace WcfServiceLibrary1
{
    // NOTE: You can use the "Rename" command on the "Refactor" menu to change the class name "Service1" in both code and config file together.
    public class Service1 : IService1
    {
        public string GetData(string value)
        {
            return string.Format("You entered: {0}", value);
        }

IService1:
[ServiceContract]
public interface IService1
{
    [WebGet(UriTemplate = "/{value}")]
    string GetData(string value);

A: Remove the / from {value} and make sure it is listed as an OperationContract. It should be:
[WebGet(UriTemplate = "{value}")]
[OperationContract]

The base URL will come through with the trailing slash, so you are really looking for http://localhost:8000/hello//help in the current code

A: A stab in the dark ... by default, arbitrary processes are not permitted to listen on network ports.
When IIS is installed, the account that runs IIS is given permission - if you want other applications run by other accounts (console applications, windows services) to be able to listen to a port, you need to grant the permission.
Check out the netsh add urlacl command as a starting point.


text:
Q: Sending a call to facebook graph api does not return anything when an error occurs I am using graph api to get a list of albums of a user. Now in case the user signs out or has changes password or any error condition, I do not get any response whereas some error code should be returned. The graph API url when opened in the browser shows the error but on using file_get_contents() i get error 400. On using curl, I get an empty response. Is there any way that I can find out when an error occurs and the reason for it?

A:
The graph API url when opened in the browser shows the error but on using file_get_contents() i get error 400.

Well, that is the HTTP status code that Facebook sends with Oauth errors – nothing wrong about that.
But file_get_contents by default does not show you the actual HTTP response body content in case of an HTTP status codes that signals an error …
… which is just another reason, why one should use the official PHP SDK, which handles all of that nicely and presents you with an exception that tells you exactly what is up.
So do it, please.

(Even with file_get_contents one can get the body content of the response, when setting a "stream context" with the according option first. But using the PHP SDK is way simpler, so again: Please do it.)

A: I used curl instead of file_get_contents and the issue got resolved.

A: file_get_contents() gave me error many times when I put https instead of http or If I forgot to put any of them.
Your URL from which you get the content must have "http" at the starting, like:
file_get_contents("http://www.mysite.com");
If this solves it?


text:
Home News Local News REHABILITATION WORK ON THE MINNA CITY GATE-CHANCHAGA ROAD KICKS OFF: WORK TO...
REHABILITATION WORK ON THE MINNA CITY GATE-CHANCHAGA ROAD KICKS OFF: WORK TO BE COMPLETED IN SIXTEEN WEEKS
The Niger State Government has flagged off the rehabilitation of the Minna City Gate-Chanchaga Road despite the economic crisis facing the Country.
The rehabilitation work which would gulp 403 Million Naira is expected to be completed in sixteen weeks as captured in the contract agreement.
The Chief of Staff to Governor Abubakar Sani Bello who doubles as the Chairman, Infrastructure Project Monitoring Committee, Alhaji Ibrahim Balarabe flagged off the road repairs project on behalf of the Governor.
He assured that the project will be strictly supervised to ensure value for money.
Though the State Government is aware of the Federal Government policy of not refunding State Government for rehabilitating Federal roads, the Governor has directed the Infrastructure Monitoring Committee to engage the relevant Federal Government Authorities towards possible refund to the State Government as the road is a Federal road but is being fixed at the instance of the State Government due to its deplorable condition and peculiarity.
The road when fixed will facilitate and ease movement of goods and services especially by the road users plying the route.
The H&M Company was given the contract having showed the capacity to work all the year round.
However, the State Government said it is constrained with regulating the movement of articulated vehicles across the State as most of the roads are Federal Government roads,adding
that discussions are on, with relevant Federal Government Agencies to come up with measures of regulating the movement of articulated vehicles.
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STEPHEN KESHI STADIUM, ASABA
ADELEKE UNIVERSITY, EDE, OSUN STATE.


What started out as a small group of 38 grape growers has now blossomed into a dynamic team of more than 200 neighbouring farmers.
FirstCape has become one of the best-known and most popular South African wine brands in the UK.
You can now find us in all high street supermarkets.
Today FirstCape has 5 Co-Operative Shareholders and over 200 farms grow for the brand.
The valley was named after the Breede River that curves its way, snake-like, through the region.
Scenically enchanting the region of lofty mountains and fertile valleys and slopes planted with orchards and vines, Breede River Valley is the largest fruit and wine-producing valley in the Westren Cape.
Majority of families are related to the inital settlers and most of them are still related to each other in some way or another.
There is a strong European influence, coming from the initial settlers and later from the influx of people from the two World Wars.
The people are pioneering relentless, innovative, determined, traditional, religious and proud people with a deep sense of family.
Primarily made in the Breede River Valley in South Africa, we also have growers around the world, including Australia, Italy, and New Zealand.
I am a decendant from German immigrants who came to South Africa in 1683. We have a family farm on the West Coast (9th generation) and thus farming has always been in my blood. I used to help my father on a neighbouring farm distilling grappa from Muscat d'Alexandrie and Semillon.
I worked as a winemaker at African Terroir before moving to Origin Wine. When a position opened with FirstCape I jumped at the opportunity to work with arguably the best team there is in the South African wine industry, if not the world.


The word "blog" is an abridgement of the words "web log" – which is to say that somebody combined the two words somewhere along the way and the catchy term "blog" became a standard.
A blog is essentially a website that is updated regularly with new content. The content can be articles, it can be audio, video or it can be a combination of all of the above.
The content on a blog is updated regularly. Updates can range from daily to weekly or monthly.
Blog content is organized in some fashion. Sometimes it is organized by date and sometimes it is organized by topic and sometimes it is cross referenced to include both.
Most blogs cultivate interactivity with readers. Some do this by encouraging comments on each entry (called "posts" or "articles"). Others encourage "trackbacks" which are links that reference back to the original article.
Some blogs inform and educate and others just serve as a journal designed to chronicle events in someone's life.
A blog is a useful tool for anyone looking to communicate with a specific audience on a regular basis.
Why should every attorney and law firm have a blog?
Every attorney and every law firm should have a blog.
Articles on blogs tend to be a little more informal in style and content. You can share some information with your prospective clients in a conversational tone. It is almost like giving them a quick look into your true personality. When was the last time an attorney was critiqued for being "too human"….
Updating a blog regularly will give you frequent communication with your prospective clients. Frequency builds trust.
Discussing a variety of issues on your blog will help people feel like they can approach you – even on things that seem "small". In other words, people will be less intimidated and will actually call you.
This point is huge. If you update your blog regularly, you can teach your clients and prospective clients how to bring you business. You can also immediately disqualify crappy cases you would never accept. This qualification process alone will save you thousands of hours in wasted time.
You must differentiate your services from your competitors. Your blog allows you to discuss your points of difference and your competitive advantage over and over and over again. If you do this often enough, your prospective clients will actually start to hear it, see it and believe it. Once your blog is up and running, it costs you nothing to keep restating your message.
If you post interesting articles, people will pass them along to others. This will help to build your word of mouth marketing. This is the most cost effective form of building a client base.
If you open your blog up to comments you will find out a good deal about your clients' needs. This will help you tailor your offering to them. You will also learn how they like to receive information.
You can articulate your point of view and your opinion. This will help position you as an expert not only in the legal sense, but it is not uncommon for attorneys who blog to be perceived as experts in the industry they work with most frequently.
New original content on your website – generated by blogging – will help to move your website up in the rankings on search engines. Sites like Google and Yahoo love fresh original content.
Your law firm, no matter how large or small, must use a blog to communicate with your clients.
on the left column of this site (called a 'chicklet') is the international symbol for the RSS feed. If you click on it, you will be taken to a page that walks you though the subscription process.
RSS stands for Really Simple Syndication. It is a 'feed' that you subscribe to that is instantly updated every time this website is updated.
Since we pride ourselves on being thorough here at RainmakerLawyer, we'll give you a detailed explanation of what this means.
RSS is a technology that is being used by millions of people around the world to keep track of their favorite websites.
In the 'old days' of the web the only way to keep track of updates on a website was to save it to your favorites as a bookmark and to return to it regularly to see what was new.
RSS eliminates the need to keep checking back with your favorite site. Once you 'subscribe' to the feed of your favorite site (subscribe means that you save the feed address in a Feed Reader) new content automatically appears in your Feed Reader once the site is updated.
Note: Feed Reader, News Reader and RSS Reader are all used interchangeably. They are special websites that translate the RSS feed into readable text.
How RSS technically works is something you should look up on your own because that is beyond our ability to understand and explain.
We can tell you how to use RSS.
The first thing to do if you're getting into reading websites via RSS is to set up an RSS Feed Reader.
There are many Feed Readers out there with a variety of features. Start with a free version that is web-based. Two easy-to-use, web-based Feed Readers are Google Reader and Bloglines.
Both of these RSS Feed Readers work like email. As you subscribe to feeds you'll see that unread entries from the sites you're tracking will be marked as bold. As you click on them you'll see the latest update. You can read it right there in the Feed Reader. You are given the option to click through to the actual site or move onto the next unread item - marking the last one as 'read'.
The best way to learn how to use either Google Reader or Bloglines is to simply subscribe to some feeds and learn as you go. Both have good help sections to get you up and running.
Again, if you click on the orange square on the left column of our site, you will be taken to a page that will walk you through this process.


Santa brought a SodaStream for Christmas, and let me tell you, it's amazing. I'm guzzling through those gassed up bottles of water daily. And while the carbonated water is delicious, I do feel the periodic urge to flavor my beverage. Some of the flavor samples that came with my SodaStream have been delicious and some of them have been...different.
If you're looking to get creative with your SodaStream and want to stretch beyond the packaged flavors, keep reading for 7 Recipes for Your SodaStream.
What's the Benefit of Fruit Juice?


Isle of MTV is a local music concert held every summer. This is a file photo.
An orthopaedic consultant has been awarded damages of €117,173 after he was held and beaten up by three men in an incident during the Isle of MTV concert in 2013.
The case was instituted by Jason Zammit against Chris Joseph Griffiths and Anu Ogunbiyi.
He told the court that during the concert the two men and others, who remained unidentified, had been waving their hands and jumping, hitting and harassing his children in the process.
He politely asked them to stop but was ignored. Policemen who happened to be close by also told them to stop harassing them.
As the men moved on, Mr Zammit said Mr Griffiths accused him of having made a racist remark against Mr Ogunbiyi, who is of Nigerian descent.
Mr Zammit strongly denied the claim.
The group of men moved on, but they returned 45 minutes later, grabbed Mr Zammit and held him while he was punched kicked and headbutted. His daughters were also assaulted.
The accused pleaded not guilty and denied responsibility.
Testifying, Mr Griffiths said he did not know if it was Jason Zammit who had passed the racist remark, but that it came from his direction.
Magistrate Lawrence Mintoff, after hearing various witnesses, including the police, said it believed the version of events given by Mr Zammit.
The Civil Court dismissed the claim of a racist comment having been made, and added that in any case that did not justify the assault, made some 45 minutes later.
It also established that Mr Zammit had suffered a disability of 11% and ordered the accused to pay damages of €117,173 between them.


text:
Keith Briscoe Irvine (14 October 1928, Aberdeen, Scotland – 31 May 2011, Carmel, New York) was an American-based interior designer of Scottish descent.

He trained at the Kingston Art School, then did his military service in the Seaforth Highlanders in Malaysia during the Malayan Emergency. He then graduated from The Royal College of Art , London UK, in 1955. After graduating he wrote to John Fowler of Colefax & Fowler, writing " You are the only person in the world I want to work for". John Fowler said to him " What have you been doing at that college for three years? You know nothing!". Three weeks later, Imogene Taylor of Colefax & Fowler called to offer him a position. His first celebrity job was an apartment in Eaton Square for Sir Laurence Olivier and Vivian Leigh, as well as working on their country house. After a couple of years of working with John Fowler and Nancy Lancaster, he realized that he was never going to climb any higher at Colefax & Fowler.

John Fowler " lent" Irvine out to Mrs. Henry Parish II for a job in Johannesburg, who, when the job was finished, offered Keith a job in New York and $40.00 a week. In 1957 he travelled to New York. Nine months later, he left to start his own firm.

When Irvine first arrived in New York he had searched for an apartment share in the New York Times, and ended up meeting Robin Roberts . Before things could really settle Keith had a partner and firm, Roberts & Irvine . Finding it difficult to find the French and English fabrics that were a staple in Keith Irvine's decorating style, Roberts and Irvine created the fabric house Clarence House. Tom Fleming  became an assistant as the business took off. Before the year was out the firm split ( Keith claimed that with the influx of "top drawer" clients, Roberts had become a "liability" as he didn't "move readily in 'polite society'", Roberts took Clarence House, and Keith left to start Keith Irvine & Co. Tom Fleming stayed on with him and became a partner on 1 January 1967 and Irvine & Fleming was born. Many successful designers started their careers as Irvine's assistant, such as Tom Fleming, Mario Buatta, Sam Blount, Gary Zarr, Richard Keith Langham, Greg Jordan, Edwin Jackson, and Jason Bell.

Keith Irvine's celebrity clients included Leonard Bernstein, William F. Buckley Jr., Cary Grant, Rex Harrison, Vivien Leigh, Laurence Olivier, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ted Kennedy, Jerome Robbins, Diana Ross, Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr., and Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, and many more.

Keith Irvine died on 31 May 2011, and was survived by his wife, author and former fashion designer, Chippy Irvine; his daughters, and a grandchild.

References

1928 births
2011 deaths
Scottish emigrants to the United States
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Scottish interior designers
People from Aberdeen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Book News / Books / Manston Specific
A Detailed History of RAF Manston 1941-1945
by History of Manston Airfield · Published February 27, 2017 · Updated March 2, 2017
Book Launch: The third of the "Detailed History" books about RAF Manston was officially launched on 2nd March 2017 at the Holiday Inn Express by the Minster Roundabout, just a stone's throw from the airfield.
In contrast to the official description, it sounds as if this won't be the last in the series, as Joe announced at the launch that he has already started work on the next.
A Detailed History of RAF Manston is the story of one of Britain's most distinguished RAF stations. Having been badly damaged during the Battle of Britain, and the only airfield to have been put out of action, RAF Manston rose from the ashes to become a base for numerous fighter units that attacked Hitler's 'Fortress Europe'.
Manston was used by damaged aircraft returning from operations, especially those from Bomber Command. Consequently, a large runway was built, and was one of three in the country that was equipped to deal with emergencies. In 1944, 501 Squadron was formed with the Hawker Tempest to destroy enemy armour, aircraft, and the feared V1 flying bomb; Squadron Leader Joe Berry was credited with destroying sixtyone V1s. Another first was the arrival of the Meteor jet fighter in August 1944. After the war, Manston became a base for a number of civil airlines, but continued in its role as a major diversion airfield and an emergency landing ground. It was the only station that housed aircraft of every command, as well as the USAAF.
Although not as well-known as Biggin Hill, Manston was the nearest airfield to mainland Europe, and so suffered accordingly. The station's motto was 'Arise to Protect', and Manston carried out that role across two world wars. The last in a three-volume set, A Detailed History of RAF Manston 1941–1945 covers the station's history during the period that the RAF was on the offensive against the Luftwaffe.
JOE BAMFORD joined the RAF as an assistant air traffic controller and served at Manston and Cyprus; he later set up The Salford Lancaster Memorial Appeal.
JOHN WILLIAMS joined the Army and served for nine years with the Royal Ordinance Corps. Williams has been involved with a number of local history organisations, including the Spitfire and Hurricane Memorial Building at Manston.
PETER GALLAGHER worked for British Telecom and was called up for National Service where he joined the Royal Signals Regiment in Germany.
Publisher: Fonthill Media
Product Dimensions: 15.6 x 23.5 x 23.5 cm
Details from http://fonthillmedia.com/
Throwley 1917-1919: Kent's Forgotten Airfield
by History of Manston Airfield · Published March 1, 2007 · Last modified November 23, 2016
RAF Manston in Old Photographs
by History of Manston Airfield · Published November 25, 1993 · Last modified November 23, 2016
Manston Memories 1916-2006
by History of Manston Airfield · Published September 30, 2008 · Last modified November 23, 2016


text:
Ramadan Fasting Decreases Body Fat but Not Protein Mass
Ari Fahrial Syam 1 , * , Cecep Suryani Sobur 2 , Murdani Abdullah 1 and Dadang Makmun 1
1 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
* Corresponding author: Ari Fahrial Syam, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Tel: +6221-3153957, Fax: +6221-3142454, E-mail: ari_syam@hotmail.com
International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism: January 01, 2016, 14 (1); e29687
Received: May 27, 2015
Revised: August 27, 2015
To Cite: Fahrial Syam A, Suryani Sobur C, Abdullah M, Makmun D. Ramadan Fasting Decreases Body Fat but Not Protein Mass, Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2016 ; 14(1):e29687. doi: 10.5812/ijem.29687.
Background: Many studies have shown various results regarding the effects of Ramadan fasting on weight and body composition in healthy individuals. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on body composition in healthy Indonesian medical staff.
Objectives: In this study, we examined the influence of Ramadan fasting on body composition in healthy medical staff.
Patients and Methods: The longitudinal study was performed during and after Ramadan fasting in 2013 (August to October). Fourty-three medical staff members (physicians, nurses and nutritionists) at the Internal Medicine Ward of the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital were measured to compare their calorie intake, weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body composition, including body fat, protein, minerals and water, on the first and 28th days of Ramadan and also 4-5 weeks after Ramadan fasting. Measurements were obtained for all 43 subjects on the 28th day of Ramadan, but they were obtained for only 25 subjects 4 - 5 weeks after Ramadan.
Results: By the 28th day of Ramadan, it was found that the body weight, BMI, body fat, water and mineral measures had decreased significantly (-0.874 ± 0.859 kg, P < 0.001; -0.36 ± 0.371 kg/m2, P < 0.001; -0.484 ± 0.597 kg, P < 0.001; -0.293 ± 0.486 kg, P = 0.001; -0.054 ± 0.059 kg, P < 0.001, respectively). Protein body mass and calorie intake did not significantly change (-0.049 ± 0.170 kg, P = 0.561; 12.94 ± 760.608 Kcal, P = 0.082 respectively). By 4 - 5 weeks after Ramadan, body weight and composition had returned to the same levels as on the first day of Ramadan.
Conclusions: Ramadan fasting resulted in weight loss even it was only a temporary effect, as the weight was quickly regained within one month after fasting. The catabolism catabolic state, which is related to protein loss, was not triggered during Ramadan fasting. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of weight loss during Ramadan fasting in healthy individuals.
Keywords: Metabolism; Fasting; Body Composition
Ramadan, the ninth lunar month, is the holiest month for Muslims around the world. During the 29 - 30 days of Ramadan, fasting is an obligatory observance for Muslims, including medical staff who practice Islamic teaching. Islamic fasting is an intermittent fasting that lasts from dawn to sunset. It differs from other intermittent fasting models (1, 2), because observants do not drink during the Ramadan fasting period. In tropical regions of Indonesia, the fasting duration is 13-14 hours. The majority of Muslims normally have two meals a day during the fasting month: one before sunrise and one after sunset (3). They are encouraged to continue their normal daily activities during Ramadan fasting, with little change made to physical activities.
Previous studies have found varied effects of Ramadan fasting (4-16). The duration of Ramadan fasting varies among areas of different latitudes. Hence, the effect of Ramadan fasting may differ between countries. Climate, culture and socio-demographic status could also influence the variety of Ramadan fasting effects.
In healthy individuals, Ramadan fasting decreases body weight, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and fasting plasma glucose (6-10). One study has reported Ramadan fasting to be associated with evening hypercortisolism and increased insulin resistance (15). These changes during Ramadan fasting are expected because the limited frequency of meals and the fasting state can affect body metabolism and the circadian cycle (15). In the fasting state, the body switches its source of energy from glucose to fatty acids. Fatty acids are released from adipocytes, which can decrease body fat. The loss of body fat, especially visceral fat, is desirable, but prolonged fasting can trigger a catabolic state, thus increasing gluconeogenesis with proteolysis, which ultimately decreases protein mass. Examining changes in body composition during Ramadan fasting may give insight into whether this observance could decrease body fat mass without triggering the undesirable effect of gluconeogenesis.
In this study, we examined the influence of Ramadan fasting on body composition in healthy medical staff.
This study was a routine longitudinal study of weight changes during and after Ramadan fasting (August – October 2013) in healthy medical staff members of the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. The measurement of body weight before and after Ramadan fasting is performed annually in our institution. The subjects were medical staff (physicians, nurses and nutritionists) in the hospital's internal medicine ward. Every year, all Muslims fast during Ramadan, including medical staff members at the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. A consecutive study was designed to gather medical staff members to participate in this study. A week before Ramadan fasting, all staff members were invited to participate in this study. The ethical committee at the hospital (Komite Etik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo) was informed about this study. The committee informally gave permission to publish the result of this study. A written explanation of the study's purpose and informed consent were given to the participants.
Inclusion criteria were healthy medical staff members who performed normal daily activities while participating in Ramadan fasting for 28 days and who volunteered to be involved in the study. Medical staff members who did not fast for the full 28 days for any reason, such as stopping fasting during menstruation or developing an illness in the middle of the fasting month, were excluded. Forty-three staff members who fasted for 28 days volunteered for and participated in the study. The compliance of the subjects was well observed. Moreover, all of them were medical staff members so that we could easily check their compliance with fasting.
The study consisted of anthropometric, body composition and dietary intake measurements. The measurements were conducted on the first and 28th days of Ramadan as well as 4 – 5 weeks after fasting. The subjects were not given any restrictions or special instructions on dietary intake or physical activity. Measurements from all three time points were obtained for only 25 subjects.
The body weight, height and body composition were measured using GAIA 359 PLUS (Jawon Medical, South Korea), a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device, via the tetra-polar electrode method using eight touch electrodes. Many studies have shown the BIA to have high accuracy and reliability (17). The device can measure height, weight, protein mass, minerals, water, body fat and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The analyses were performed at each time point between 10.00 am and 3.00 pm. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey guidelines, the waist circumference is the circumference at the top of the iliac crest, and the hip circumference is the widest portion of the buttocks (18).
Dietary intake was evaluated by means of a 24-hour food recall. Food quantities were explained using household measurements (slice, plates, glass, spoons, cups, etc.). A sample of a food record was given as an example. The participants' individual records were reviewed, and nutrient calculations were carried out using NutriSurvey (NutriSurvey for windows. Copyright 2007. Dr. Juergen Erhardt SEAMEO-TROPMED RCCN, Indonesia. www.nutrisurvey.de). All of the food recalls were reviewed by the nutritionists. The under- or over-reporting of food recalls by the participants was omitted from the dietary data.
Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS (version 17, IBM, New York, USA). The nominal or ordinal variables were reported as proportions, and the numerical variables were reported as mean values and standard deviations or medians with minimum and maximum values. The numerical variables that were measured at, before and during Ramadan were compared using paired t tests for normal data distribution (parametric analysis). For the abnormal data distribution, the Wilcoxon test was used as the non-parametric analysis. Unpaired t tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated ANOVA were used for two independent, K-independent and K-dependent sample analyses, respectively. Statistical significance was associated with a P value under 0.05.
4. 1. Baseline Characteristics
The majority of subjects were female (84%), and the mean age was 34.19 ± 11.25 years old. Fifty-four percent of the subjects were nutritionists, and the rest of them were physicians (23%) and nurses (23%). The mean weight of the subjects was 59.82 ± 11.25 kilograms. Almost half of the subjects were overweight or obese (49%). Based on the measurement, the mean of the BMIs of the subjects was 23.71 ± 3.96 kg/m2, and the mean of the WHR was 0.80 ± 0.06 meters. Their average calorie intake was 1598.10 ± 454.32 Kcal.
Table 1. Baseline Characteristics on First day of Ramadan Fasting
Frequency No. %
Mean ± SD
Male 7 (16) -
Female 36 (84) -
Age, y 43 34.19 ± 11.25
Weight, kg 43 59.82 ± 11.25
Body mass index, kg/m2 43 23.71 ± 3.96
Waist-to-hip ratio 43 0.80 ± 0.06
Profession physician 10 (23) -
Nurse 10 (23) -
Nutritionist 23 (54) -
Calorie intake, Kcal 43 1598.10 ± 454.32
4. 2. Weight and Body Composition Changes During and After Ramadan Fasting
Body composition, BMI, WHR and intake during Ramadan fasting are presented in Table 2. Weight and body compositions decreased during Ramadan fasting, with the exception of protein (P = 0.082). WHR also decreased, but the decrease was not statistically significant. Energy intake increased during Ramadan fasting, but this change was not significant (P = 0.218). Body fat contributed the most significant portion of weight loss, while protein contributed the least.
Table 2. Changes in Anthropometric Measures and Body Composition During Ramadan Fasting
Nomber
28th day
Weight, kg 43 59.82 ± 11.252 58.95 ± 11.201 -0.874 ± 0.859 < 0.001 a
Protein, kg 43 8.56 ± 1.392 8.51 ± 1.376 -0.049 ± 0.170 0.082 a
Fat, kg 43 17.00 ± 6.422 16.52 ± 6.331 -0.484 ± 0.597 < 0.001 a
Mineral, kg 43 3.43 ± 0.618 3.37 ± 0.614 -0.054 ± 0.059 < 0.001 a
Body water, kg 43 30.81 ± 4.907 30.52 ± 4.875 -0.293 ± 0.486 0.001 a
Body mass index, kg/m2 43 23,71 ± 3.959 23.35 ± 3.963 -0.36 ± 0.371 < 0.001 a
Waist-to-hip ratio
Male 7 0.846 ± 0.0500 0.839 ± 0,05610 -0.007 ± 0.0138 0.220 b
Female 36 0.789 ± 0.0630 0.787 ± 0.0618 -0.002 ± 0.0112 0.224 b
Calorie intake, Kcal 39 1628.87 ± 434.832 1641.82 ± 476.676 12.94 ± 760.608 0.561 a
aWilcoxon test.
bPaired t-test.
Weight decreased during Ramadan fasting in this study. However, 4-5 weeks after Ramadan fasting, the weight returned to the same level as the first-day measurement. Figures 1 and 2 show the averages of weight, protein, fat and minerals during and after Ramadan fasting. The fat, body mass and mineral changes were significant (P < 0.05) during and after Ramadan fasting, while the protein mass changes did not reach significance (P = 0.053).
Figure 1. Average Body Weight on the First and 28th Days of Ramadan Fasting as Well as 45 weeks Post Fasting.
Body weights on the first and 28th days as well as 4-5 weeks post fasting were significantly different (R-ANOVA; P < 0.001) but did not differ significantly between the first day and 4-5 weeks after Ramadan fasting (P = 0.102).
Figure 2. Body Fat, Protein Mass, Total Body Weight (TBW), and Energy During and After Ramadan Fasting
Weight loss was small but significant for fat A, and protein body mass B, changes between first day and 28th day of Ramadan fasting (P < 0.001), while the total body weight C, and energy D, did not change significantly (P > 0.05).
Our study reported that Ramadan fasting can decrease body fat without the loss of protein body mass. This could be significant for addressing the safety and benefit of Ramadan fasting and could be considered a rule of fasting for a patient with a metabolic disturbance, i.e. diabetic patients.
A comparison of our results with those of other studies is presented in Table 3. Our study showed Ramadan fasting decreased body weight, consistent with the findings of other studies (5, 6, 8, 10, 19, 20). A notable result is that weight loss was not associated with the decrease in calorie intake. The insignificance of calorie intake during Ramadan was also observed by Norouzy et al. (8) and Sadiya et al. (5) A plausible explanation for the weight loss during Ramadan is the increase in energy requirement due to an increase in physical activity or basal metabolism. During Ramadan, there are additional obligatory observances besides fasting. These obligatory observances include night prayer and reading the Quran, which could increase the observants' energy requirements. Sleeping patterns also change during Ramadan (15). Bahijri et al. (15) observed that the cortisol circadian rhythm was abolished and that circulating insulin levels and the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance equation (HOMA-IR) index increased during Ramadan fasting. This pattern is typical of conditions associated with chronic stress, with the level of catecholamine during stress usually increasing. The increase in catecholamine level during Ramadan fasting could influence the body's basal metabolism. However, further research should be conducted on this theory.
Table 3. Comparison of Our Findings With other Studies
Norouzy et al. (8)
Hosseini et al. (19)
Faris et al. (20)
Sadiya et al. (5)
First 1st day A week before A week before A week before A week before
Second 28th day A week after A week after 22nd day Fourth week
No. of subjects 43 82 15 50 19
Male 7 31 – 23 5
Female 36 51 15 27 14
Healthy subjects Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Ages 22 – 54 18 – 37 20–45 18 – 51 37.1 ± 12.5
Weight changes Decreased Decreased Decreased Decreased Decreased
BMI changes Decreased Decreased Decreased No change Decreased
Fat changes Decreased Decreased No change No change No change
Protein changes No change - No change - No change
Mineral changes Decreased - No change - -
Water changes Decreased - No change - No change
Intake No change No change - - No change
Weight rebound Yes - - Yes -
Our study found that the proportion of weight loss did not differ across gender and profession. The study by Norouzy et al. (8) and a meta-analysis by Kul et al. (6) found males to have higher weight loss than females did during Ramadan. Weight loss can be the result of physical activity. In our subjects, relatively no differences existed in physical activity across neither profession nor gender in our medical staff members. However, because the number of subjects was limited, further study is required to validate this finding.
While weight loss during Ramadan fasting was consistently found across subjects, the body composition results varied. The insignificance of protein mass loss in our study was consistent with the findings of Hosseini et al. (19) and Sadiya et al., (5) but the results for fat, mineral and total body water changes varied. In our study, these three body components significantly decreased during Ramadan fasting, with the fat component contributing the greatest proportion of weight loss. Hosseini et al. (19) and Sadiya et al. (5) reported a significant decrease only in body fat. These findings suggest that in Ramadan fasting, the body metabolism is switched to lipolysis but not gluconeogenesis. Gustaviani et al. (21) also found that Ramadan fasting did not cause the formation of β-hydroxybutirate, the product of lipolysis in well-controlled diabetic patients. A decrease in body fat, especially visceral body fat, is beneficial. An increase in abdominal adipose tissue confers an independent risk of cardiometabolic and cerebrovascular disease (22, 23). In this study, we found a non-significant decrease in WHR.
The effect of Ramadan fasting on decreased weight and body fat was small and temporary. In our study, the weight and body fat were regained 4-5 weeks after Ramadan (7, 20). Other studies have also found the weight loss during Ramadan fasting to be regained shortly after Ramadan. The temporary effect of Ramadan on body weight and composition means the benefits of Ramadan fasting do not last long.
In line with our study, there is evidence to suggest that Ramadan fasting decreases several risk factors and improves biological parameters. However, no studies have yet reported the long-term or clinically significant effects of Ramadan fasting on health status in general or on the reduction of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A systematic review performed by Salim et al. (14) noted that the incidence of acute cardiac illness during Ramadan fasting was similar to that on non-fasting days, with BMI, lipid profile and blood pressure showing significant improvement in normal healthy subjects, patients with stable cardiac illness, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Unfortunately, there is no evidence to suggest that Ramadan fasting could actually decrease the metabolic or macro-vascular diseases. This could be caused by the temporary nature of the Ramadan effect.
Another form of fasting in Islam is Sunnah fasting, which is held every Monday and Thursday throughout the year. The combination of Ramadan and Sunnah fasting may be able to extend the beneficial effect of religious fasting. Further research is needed to determine the effect of the implementation of such fasting on body weight and general health.
This study discusses the important role of fasting and its effectiveness in reducing weight, BMI, body fat and body water but not protein body mass. Our report could be significant for addressing the safety and benefit of Ramadan fasting. This study can also serve as a reference for practitioners and people who want to follow the rule of Ramadan fasting in reducing weight and also for those who have a metabolism disorder. The limitation of the study is the small number of subjects, which cannot fully represent the general population. Moreover, the proportion of male and female subjects is unbalanced, so this study did not compare body composition between male and female participants.
Ramadan fasting resulted in weight loss even it was only a temporary effect, as the weight was quickly regained within one month after fasting. The catabolism state, which is related to protein loss was not triggered during Ramadan fasting. Ramadan fasting seems to be useful for people who want to reduce their weight, but they need to maintain daily meal and physical activities to prevent weight gain. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of weight loss during Ramadan fasting in healthy individuals.
We are grateful to the staff of the Internal Medicine Ward of the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital who volunteered for this study and also to Ms. Dhi Ajeng and Ms. Maya Rezeki for the kind support they provided for the nutritional analysis done in this study.
Authors' Contribution: Study concept and design: Ari Fahrial Syam; acquisition of data: Ari Fahrial Syam, Cecep Suryani Sobur; analysis and interpretation of data: Ari Fahrial Syam, Cecep Suryani Sobur; drafting of the manuscript: Ari Fahrial Syam, Cecep Suryani Sobur, Murdani Abdullah, Dadang Makmun; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Ari Fahrial Syam, Murdani Abdullah, Dadang Makmun; statistical analysis: Cecep Suryani Sobur; administrative, technical and material support: Ari Fahrial Syam, Murdani Abdullah, Dadang Makmun; study supervision: Ari Fahrial Syam.
1. Soeters MR, Lammers NM, Dubbelhuis PF, Ackermans M, Jonkers-Schuitema CF, Fliers E, et al. Intermittent fasting does not affect whole-body glucose, lipid, or protein metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 90(5): 1244-51[DOI][PubMed]
2. Klempel MC, Kroeger CM, Bhutani S, Trepanowski JF, Varady KA. Intermittent fasting combined with calorie restriction is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection in obese women. Nutr J. 2012; 11: 98[DOI][PubMed]
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5. Sadiya A, Ahmed S, Siddieg HH, Babas IJ, Carlsson M. Effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic markers, body composition, and dietary intake in Emiratis of Ajman (UAE) with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2011; 4: 409-16[DOI][PubMed]
6. Kul S, Savas E, Ozturk ZA, Karadag G. Does Ramadan fasting alter body weight and blood lipids and fasting blood glucose in a healthy population? A meta-analysis. J Relig Health. 2014; 53(3): 929-42[DOI][PubMed]
7. Hajek P, Myers K, Dhanji AR, West O, McRobbie H. Weight change during and after Ramadan fasting. J Public Health (Oxf). 2012; 34(3): 377-81[DOI][PubMed]
8. Norouzy A, Salehi M, Philippou E, Arabi H, Shiva F, Mehrnoosh S, et al. Effect of fasting in Ramadan on body composition and nutritional intake: a prospective study. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013; 26 Suppl 1: 97-104[DOI][PubMed]
9. Sadeghirad B, Motaghipisheh S, Kolahdooz F, Zahedi MJ, Haghdoost AA. Islamic fasting and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2014; 17(2): 396-406[DOI][PubMed]
10. Ziaee V, Razaei M, Ahmadinejad Z, Shaikh H, Yousefi R, Yarmohammadi L, et al. The changes of metabolic profile and weight during Ramadan fasting. Singapore Med J. 2006; 47(5): 409-14[PubMed]
11. Bener A, Hamad A, Fares A, Al-Sayed HM, Al-Suwaidi J. Is there any effect of Ramadan fasting on stroke incidence? Singapore Med J. 2006; 47(5): 404-8[PubMed]
12. Al Suwaidi J, Bener A, Hajar HA, Numan MT. Does hospitalization for congestive heart failure occur more frequently in Ramadan: a population-based study (1991-2001). Int J Cardiol. 2004; 96(2): 217-21[DOI][PubMed]
13. Khafaji HA, Bener A, Osman M, Al Merri A, Al Suwaidi J. The impact of diurnal fasting during Ramadan on the lipid profile, hs-CRP, and serum leptin in stable cardiac patients. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2012; 8: 7-14[DOI][PubMed]
14. Salim I, Al Suwaidi J, Ghadban W, Alkilani H, Salam AM. Impact of religious Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the literature. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013; 29(4): 343-54[DOI][PubMed]
15. Bahijri S, Borai A, Ajabnoor G, Abdul Khaliq A, AlQassas I, Al-Shehri D, et al. Relative metabolic stability, but disrupted circadian cortisol secretion during the fasting month of Ramadan. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4)[DOI][PubMed]
16. Develioglu ON, Kucur M, Ipek HD, Celebi S, Can G, Kulekci M. Effects of Ramadan fasting on serum immunoglobulin G and M, and salivary immunoglobulin A concentrations. J Int Med Res. 2013; 41(2): 463-72[DOI][PubMed]
17. Ling CH, de Craen AJ, Slagboom PE, Gunn DA, Stokkel MP, Westendorp RG, et al. Accuracy of direct segmental multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis in the assessment of total body and segmental body composition in middle-aged adult population. Clin Nutr. 2011; 30(5): 610-5[DOI][PubMed]
18. National Health and Nutrition Examnination Survey (NHANES). Anthropometry Procedures Manual. 2007; : 3-16
19. Attarzadeh Hosseini SR, Sardar MA, Hejazi K, Farahati S. The effect of ramadan fasting and physical activity on body composition, serum osmolarity levels and some parameters of electrolytes in females. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 11(2): 88-94[DOI][PubMed]
20. Faris MA, Hussein RN, Al-Kurd RA, Al-Fararjeh MA, Bustanji YK, Mohammad MK. Impact of ramadan intermittent fasting on oxidative stress measured by urinary 15-f(2t)-isoprostane. J Nutr Metab. 2012; 2012: 802924[DOI][PubMed]
21. Gustaviani R, Soewondo P, Semiardji G, Sudoyo AW. The influence of calorie restriction during the Ramadan fast on serum fructosamine and the formation of beta hydroxybutirate in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Acta Med Indones. 2004; 36(3): 136-41[PubMed]
22. Amato MC, Guarnotta V, Giordano C. Body composition assessment for the definition of cardiometabolic risk. J Endocrinol Invest. 2013; 36(7): 537-43[DOI][PubMed]
23. Karcher HS, Holzwarth R, Mueller HP, Ludolph AC, Huber R, Kassubek J, et al. Body fat distribution as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease: an MRI-based body fat quantification study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013; 35(4): 341-8[DOI][PubMed]
Ari Fahrial Syam: [PubMed] [Scholar]
Cecep Suryani Sobur: [PubMed] [Scholar]
Murdani Abdullah: [PubMed] [Scholar]
Dadang Makmun: [PubMed] [Scholar]


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Bibliography

1. Kaku, Michio, "Michio Kaku: Can We Resurrect the Dinosaurs? Neanderthal Man?", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8c-EWSmOgDc, (4/22/15)

2. Choi, Charles, "How Much Real Science is in 'Avatar'?", http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34515704/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/how-much-real-science-avatar/#.VUhgqM7n35m (4/24/15)

3. Haber, Shimon, "Synopsis for Jurassic Park", http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107290/synopsis?ref_=ttpl_ql_3, (4/25/15)

4. Cabot, Jordi, "What's' the bus factor of your software project?" http://modeling-languages.com/whats-bus-factor-software-project/, (4/27/15)

5. Tucker, Charles, "Star Trek Wikia: Memory Alpha", http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Clone, (4/23/15)

6. Park, Jurassic. "Steven Spielberg." Universal Pictures (1993).


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Home Medical Cannabis News Cannabis & CBD Policy News Court hearing to decide if NHS will cover cost of cannabis medication
Court hearing to decide if NHS will cover cost of cannabis medication
A landmark court hearing is set to decide whether the NHS should cover the cost of a patient's cannabis medicine.
Charlotte Caldwell, whose son Billy relies upon medicinal cannabis to keep him alive, has a landmark court hearing in Belfast Crown Court on September 7, 2020 to decide whether the NHS will cover the cost of his cannabis medication. This case could have groundbreaking implications for Billy and other UK patients who rely on medicinal cannabis.
Billy, who suffers from severe childhood epilepsy, helped change the laws concerning medicinal cannabis two years ago after a successful media campaign. However, since medicinal cannabis was downgraded to allow for it to be prescribed, Billy's original NHS prescription was withdrawn. The result was that Billy can now only get his medicine privately.
A life changing court case
Before gaining access to medicinal cannabis four years ago Billy suffered hundreds of attacks throughout the day and night.
"I was told by doctors that we had exhausted all options. My heart was shattered. I remember lying in bed holding a drugged up Billy counting his seizures in an attempt to stay awake," recalls Charlotte. "Billy would be turning blue and suffocating. I was holding him, not knowing if I fell asleep whether he would still be alive the next day."
The judge will decide if Billy's human rights are being infringed and whether or not it is in his best interest that the Health and Social Care board fund his medicine. If the case falls in Billy's favour, he will then have the costs of his medicine covered by the Health and Social Care board.
Charlotte said of the court date, "This is a route we did not want to go down as it is the last resort. For 13 months we have tried to find a resolution through the health department in Belfast. Now we will have to go through a full and comprehensive hearing on September 7 in Belfast High Court. This should not be anything a parent should have to endure to access life saving medicine for their child, it is beyond cruel. If this fails we have nowhere else to turn."
Billy has acquired two NHS prescriptions over the last four years but they were both withdrawn. The first time putting him into a critical life threatening condition in hospital. The second prescription was cancelled due to the fact that Billy had started puberty and had to be transitioned onto a new medicinal cannabis product. Charlotte was then forced to go to a private clinic in order to get medicinal cannabis for him.
Embarking on this legal challenge, which started on June 1, 2019, was a last resort by Charlotte after they had exhausted all other avenues of help for her chronically ill son.
Caldwell said: "Two years after Billy changed the law we have not had any medicinal cannabis through the NHS and I'm still living in trepidation not knowing what the future holds."
This case could be the last chance Billy ever has of ever obtaining the life-saving medicine he needs via the NHS. "I feel like we're standing on the edge of a cliff, we know the rock is going to collapse but we just don't know when," says Charlotte.


Excellent teaching can be delivered only by excellent teachers—professionals who are ready to meet the challenges of today's classrooms and to help all children succeed. That's why the International Literacy Association (ILA) strongly advocates for outstanding teacher education and actively participates in organizations dedicated to ensuring high-quality educator preparation.
ILA serves as a specialized professional association (SPA) of the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) to support accreditation of advanced licensure reading/literacy specialist preparation programs. CAEP is the consolidation of the former National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), and the former Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC).


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Ragimasalawada - Davanagere
Ragimasalawada Population - Davanagere, Karnataka
Ragimasalawada is a large village located in Harapanahalli Taluka of Davanagere district, Karnataka with total 602 families residing. The Ragimasalawada village has population of 2886 of which 1439 are males while 1447 are females as per Population Census 2011.
In Ragimasalawada village population of children with age 0-6 is 356 which makes up 12.34 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Ragimasalawada village is 1006 which is higher than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Ragimasalawada as per census is 1034, higher than Karnataka average of 948.
Ragimasalawada village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Ragimasalawada village was 61.23 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In Ragimasalawada Male literacy stands at 69.22 % while female literacy rate was 53.24 %.
As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Ragimasalawada village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village. Our website, don't have information about schools and hospital in Ragimasalawada village.
Ragimasalawada Data
Schedule Caste 1,274 640 634
In Ragimasalawada village, most of the villagers are from Schedule Caste (SC). Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 44.14 % while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 12.68 % of total population in Ragimasalawada village.
In Ragimasalawada village out of total population, 1457 were engaged in work activities. 88.68 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 11.32 % were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 1457 workers engaged in Main Work, 542 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 606 were Agricultural labourer.


Charles Ashley was a Skirt Manufacturer and Milliner in Salford and was also a prominent worker in the cause of temperance.
He was born in 1818 in Manchester and in 1843 married Eleanor Jones by Registrar. They had a daughter Lavinia in 1858, who married Kirby Ogden (a Municipal Clerk) at Prestwich in 1880 and she died in 1896 aged 38. In 1881 they were all living at 1, Browning Street, Salford with Lavinia's 1-year-old daughter Florence. Lavinia and Kirby had another daughter Priscilla, born in 1886, but who tragically died on 24th November 1889 aged 3. The gravestone also records a son, Charles Ashley Ogden, who died at 3 weeks old.
The Salford Reporter of 23rd July 1887 records the following, "Mr Charles Ashley of Salford died at his residence in Browning Street on 15th July, aged 69. He was one of the oldest temperance workers in the district; for 40 years a prominent member of the Sons of Temperance. He held the post of MWS (or Chief Secretary) for many years. He attended Strangeways Unitarian Free Church for about 60 years and was a Sunday school teacher there for a considerable time. In politics he was Liberal and was greatly respected by members of Encombe Place Liberal Club. He was an active worker up to the last election. He was also Agent for the Victoria Loan Society, St.Stephen Street, Salford".
The funeral of Charles Ashley took place on 19th July. The religious service was conducted by Reverend J. T. Marriot of Strangeways Free Unitarian Church, and the Sons of Temperance service was read by Brother W. Clarke of Miles Platting. The coffin was carried to the grave by four PGWPs of the Salford District. There were many members of the Sons of Temperance, Rechabites, Good Templar Order, Manchester and Salford Temperance Union and Tatton Street Temperance Society present to pay their last respects. Charles's body was interred in plot B2 of the Dissenters portion of Weaste Cemetery.


A desert prince's love for his slave can become his salvation -- or his undoing.
Prince Ashamet does not believe in love. But a gift of an exotic pale-skinned foreign slave unexpectedly turns his world around. The handsome Keril's purity and innocence are unlike anything Ashamet has ever encountered in a grown man. Amidst the court intrigues and mysterious attempts on his life, Ashamet finds himself far too preoccupied with gaining his slave's trust.
But is Keril's love truly the salvation he seeks? Or is the slave a sophisticated tool, crafted by Ashamet's enemies to destroy him?


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Schalke 1 Newcastle United 3: Neil Cameron's match analysis
10:42, 4 Aug 2014
Emmanuel Riviere scores a goal and makes his case to start as first choice striker - as a few impress in fine win
(L-R) Marco Hoeger challenges Rolando Aarons during the match between FC Schalke 04 and Newcastle United
Emmanuel Riviere has not been heralded as much as some of Newcastle United's other summer signings.
Why else would we all relentlessly speak about the need for one more striker to be bought if, and this is true, the general consensus has been the Frenchman is not going to be first choice?
And yet he may prove to be a shrewd piece of business going on what we have seen so far – a striker with quick feet, good movement and, on yesterday's evidence, a knack of scoring goals.
Put that in one package and you have some footballer. Almost every time Riviere got on the ball, he looked to try something, be it a simple lay-off or to turn his man.
The Frenchman, a £6 million signing from AS Monaco, has done himself no harm with the way he has attacked these pre-season matches as if they were far more important than a training exercise before the real stuff begins.
One moment that caught the eye came on the half hour when Riviere timed a run behind the Schalke back four to get on the end of a long ball, and his chest control was exquisite. The referee's whistle for a supposed foul halted him from having a shot, but nonetheless it was seriously good play.
On what we have seen so far, it is he who deserves to start the season unless, of course, another striker comes in.
Eighteen-year-old Rolando Aarons may too have forced his way into Alan Pardew's thinking as well.
Peter Beardsley has needed little prompting to talk up the Jamaica-born midfielder and in both matches in Germany, particularly yesterday's win over the tournament hosts, he showed pace, purpose and a desire to get on the ball.
He is raw, but that's okay. What teenager is not? What he does possess is an ability to take on players and, more often than not, he gets by them.
He scored a goal that was either utterly brilliant or a tad lucky. So this was miles better than the Malaga game that had some fans reaching for that much-used red button with the word 'panic' written on it.
There is less then a fortnight until Manchester City roll into town with their team of champions and whoever else they are going to sign, so there is work still to be done.
However, a lot can be done within this time and a few players have made a strong case to start that first Premier League game.
None more so than the two who combined to set up the first goal.
After 17 minutes of utter nothingness, Newcastle opened the scoring. It began with great determination from Aarons, who took on Schalke right-back Felipe Santana, checked back, and then beat him again so he had space for a cross.
Riviere had no right to win the ball, let alone score, and yet he outjumped Joel Matip, an absolute giant of a man, and aimed his header in off the post. It was impressive all round.
Schalke had more possession and put together some decent passes, and yet a free kick from Kaan Ayan on 37 minutes, which Tim Krul watched sail harmlessly over the bar, was their only real threat.
Much of this was to do with the fact a back four of Vurnon Anita, Fabricio Coloccini, Mike Williamson and Paul Dummett were far more solid than the one that shipped three goals in 45 minutes 24 hours previously. Only the captain started both games.
Crosses were blocked and Coloccini was markedly better, more commanding and more sure of himself with Williamson beside him.
Albeit there was a nervy moment when Williamson chested a back-pass to Krul and the brilliantly-named Eric Maxim Choupo-Moting was close to getting on the end of it, only for the Dutch goalkeeper to rescue his team-mate.
As with all of these games, lots of changes are made after half time. Alan Pardew made 11 of them, and it tends to disrupt the flow of the game. Not that there was much flowing, to be honest.
However, we then got a goal for the ages on 54 minutes. Aarons chased down the left to get the ball and then ... well it really depends on your point of view what happened next.
He either spotted Ralf Fahrmann off his line and quite brilliantly lobbed Schalke's goalkeeper. Or he tried a cross and it caught out Fahrmann as it looped over him.
The first and only rule on such occasions is to always claim you meant it.
New signing Facunda Ferreyra got a run-out, as did Remy Cabella who enjoyed a nice moment with 72 mintues gone. He ran through on goal and, with the confidence of a top player, despatched a superb shot into the net.
Right at the end, little Adam Campbell made a great run from halfway only to be denied by Fahrmann.
It was all rather encouraging, even if Donis Avdijaj scored a consolation with the last touch of the game.
Newcastle United must pay £8m for Celtic defender Virgil van Dijk
Newcastle United have been quotes £8m asking price if they want to follow up their interest in Celtic defence Virgil van Dijk
Huddersfield Town 2 Newcastle United 2: Neil Cameron's match analysis
Mark Douglas: Newcastle United are an unknown quantity ahead of the new season
Don Hutchison: Alan Shearer owes me £50 for missing penalty in the Tyne-Wear derby
I sledged Alan Shearer when I was playing for Sunderland against Newcastle, so I can't criticise Tim Krul for his mind games
Newcastle United prepare new move for Remy Cabella as Debuchy heads for Arsenal
Newcastle United quoted £16million for strike target Alexandre Lacazette
Birmingham City 0 Sunderland 3: Stuart Rayner's match analysis
Gillingham 0 Newcastle United 1: Neil Cameron's match analysis
Aston Villa 0 Newcastle United 0: Neil Cameron's match analysis
West Bromwich Albion 2 Sunderland 2: Steve Brown's match analysis


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Fight between rival gangs sparked MacArthur Center shooting, prosecutor says
Police collect evidence at the mall after a shooting incident inside MacArthur Center in Norfolk on Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. (L. Todd Spencer)
Last week's shooting at MacArthur Center was a "flashpoint" that exploded into a firefight when two rival gangs ran into each other, a prosecutor said Thursday.
Members of the gangs — one from the Southside neighborhoods of Norfolk, the other from Portsmouth — happened across each other in front of Nordstrom the afternoon of Feb. 14, prosecutor Phil Evans said during a court hearing.
He said a fight broke out, then gang members on both sides pulled handguns. Both groups claim the other side drew first. Two people were hit during the shootout, one in the foot.
Five people have been charged in the shooting, and Evans said he expects there will be more arrests. Evans also said his office is seeking to have a special prosecutor appointed to the case. A spokeswoman for the commonwealth's attorney's office, Amanda Howie, said that's because some of their employees are potential witnesses.
D'Quan Melvin (Courtesy Norfolk Sheriff's Office)
One of those charged is D'Quan Melvin, 21, who went to court Thursday to request a bond. He's charged with conspiracy to commit malicious wounding, using a firearm to commit a felony, and being a convicted felon with a firearm.
His lawyer, Jeremy Mason, told Judge Robert Smith III that his client wasn't involved in the shooting and didn't have a gun. Melvin was at the mall shopping for a gift to give his daughter on Valentine's Day and stumbled on a melee, Mason said.
But an eyewitness, who knew many involved in the fight, identified three people who had guns and were firing during the shootout, including D'Quan Melvin and his older brother, D'Vegan, homicide Detective Matthew Nordan wrote in an affidavit for a search warrant. Detectives tracked down video footage that confirmed her account, according to court documents.
Mason told the judge that if such footage existed, the prosecution would have presented it at Thursday's hearing.
Hours after the shooting, police were staking out D'Quan Melvin's family home when an investigator with the fugitive squad, wearing night vision goggles, saw a woman run from the back door, go next door, crouch down and return to Melvin's apartment, Nordan wrote.
Later, after getting the search warrant, police found a TEC-9 handgun with an extended magazine and 12 bullets beside the neighbor's house, he said.
Evans described Melvin as a known gang member and a threat to the community.
Smith, who sits on the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court, denied Melvin a bond.
As deputies escorted him out of the courtroom, Melvin yelled, "I love you!" and, "I'm innocent!"
Michael Muhammad, a community activist, testified that Melvin, in the four months since he'd gotten out from behind bars, had been helping Muhammad organize events to fight gun violence. Muhammad recalled that Melvin told him he'd grown up in an environment that had made him someone he didn't want to be anymore.
D'Quan Melvin was convicted in 2017 of breaking into someone's house and stealing three guns. He was sentenced to spend three months behind bars. In January 2018, while on probation, he was arrested for being a felon with a gun on him. He got out of jail in November, which is about the time he reached out to Muhammad.
Jonathan Edwards, 757-598-3453, jonathan.edwards@pilotonline.com


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