Through studying Geography, pupils will investigate the links between people and their environment, at both the local and international scale. The subject encompasses the natural processes that shape the planet, the cultural diversity of its inhabitants, and the contemporary issues of sustainability and development.
We seek to engage pupils in learning Geography by encouraging them to work and think independently, and by ensuring our teaching is stimulating, varied and creative. In addition, we believe that fieldwork is an essential component of the subject, and pupils have an opportunity to take part in a fieldwork activity in almost every year at Whitgift.
We have several core aims: to help pupils understand the impact that humans have on the environment, and how we can look towards a sustainable future; to promote an understanding of natural hazards and our ability to cope with them; to ensure knowledge is based upon a variety of case studies from around the world, widening students' cultural points of reference wherever possible; to develop essential study skills of research, analysis and logical argument; to develop skills of statistical analysis of primary and secondary data from a variety of sources; and to provide an opportunity in every year group for individual extended writing.
Geography is a compulsory part of the curriculum until the end of Year 9, but is an optional subject for GCSE, and we are very pleased that approximately two-thirds of pupils have chosen to study it in recent years. The syllabus we follow is AQA 'A'. Additionally, pupils complete a fieldwork project, which is written up under controlled examination conditions. Geography continues to be very popular at A Level, where there are typically over 50 pupils studying at AS and A2. We follow the Edexcel syllabus at AS and at A2. At AS Level, the topics familiar from GCSE are investigated in much greater depth and in different contexts, alongside new topics. Depth and challenge are greater again at A2, where pupils are encouraged to read widely and to think critically about the subject. They currently study six synoptic options, which include Energy Security, Water Conflicts, Biodiversity, Superpower, the Development Gap, and Technological Fix. Pupils can alternatively take the Geography IB. One of the great benefits of Geography IB is flexibility; there are many optional courses that can be studied, from coasts, arid environments, climatic hazards, to settlements and globalisation. One piece of coursework is completed at the end of the first year of study.
Fieldwork forms an integral part of our teaching. All AS Level pupils go on a residential field course to Slapton Ley, Devon. Currently, all Year 6 pupils visit The City of London. In addition, other day trips are organised for GCSE classes, including the Sussex Coast. The Department also runs Easter trips abroad, and, last year, we ran a trip to Iceland and the West Coast of America with Years 9 to 11. Pupils are very active participants in Royal Geographical Society events. We also attend the Royal Holloway lectures, and participate in the Geographical Association schools lecture circuit.
It is not surprising, given the Department's ethos, that many Whitgiftians go on to pursue their geographical studies at university and beyond. We aim to support and extend all pupils who wish to apply for Geography at university, through a range of specially-arranged activities, including mock interviews, seminars, lectures and study-day visits.


Is this progressive Tea Party actually what it's being marketed as? Conservative activist Matthew Becker discusses the #Resistance and the Antifa, and who is financially backing these attempts to intimidate and smear Republican lawmakers by attending bogus townhalls and ambush style events. Understand what makes grassroots activism actually grassroots and why conservatives need to remain on their toes.
Also, we drink from the skulls of our enemies in this episode.


Vienna Austria is the country's capital and is located on the scenic River Danube. This city was the political center of the Austrian Empire and is home to ornate palaces and museums. Many of these were built for or by the Hapsburg family and trace the family history as well as the country's history.
The city has many hotels and other accommodations near the airport and in surrounding areas. There are hotels in every price range. The inner city is home to monuments and parks that are popular tourist attractions. Old, ornate churches can be found here as well as other building such as Parliament, the University and Opera house.
When planning your trip, be aware that most attractions are closed on public holidays in the city. Public holidays include: January 1, January 6, the Monday after Easter, May 1, Ascension Thursday, The Feast of Corpus Christi, August 15, November 1, December 8, December 25 and 26. Just about all museums, palaces and many shops are closed on these days.
o Kuntshall Wien is a museum with a collection of modern and contemporary art. The artists are both Austrian and International artists. This museum is run by the city of Vienna.
o The Sigmund Freud Museum is dedicated to the Father of Modern Psychology. It is run by the Sigmund Freud Society and traces the doctor's life and work.
o Austrian Gallery Belvedere was built for Prince Eugene of Savoy as a summer home. It is now open for tours and contains art work and historical information. The gardens are spectacular and are also open for touring.
Vienna is home to several palaces built for the Hapsburg family. The Imperial Palace is located in the inner city and it was from here that the Hapsburgs ruled for seven centuries. It was constructed in the early 13th century. The Gothic chapel on the site is still open on Sundays for services. The Vienna Boy's Choir sings here. The palace is open for tours during the week.
The Gothic Cathedral of St. Stephens is located near the Imperial Palace. Construction on this ornate cathedral was started in the thirteenth century and completed in the fifteenth century. The steeple of St. Stephens can be seen from all over the city.
Schonbrunn Palace was built as a summer residence for Empress Sisi. The grounds include a park, zoo and large labyrinth that are open for tour as well as an ornate, Baroque style palace. There is so much to see at this palace that you should plan an entire day here.
The Belvedere Palace is also built in the Baroque style. This palace was the heart of the former Hapsburg empire. The Austrian Gallery Belvedere is located here. In addition to viewing the artwork, you can tour the palace and gardens.
The Imperial Burial Vault is located below the Capuchin Church and is open for tours. This was the burial place for members of the Hapsburg family. The vault contains 146 aristocrats, 12 emperors and 19 empresses.
Well informed of the risks of oil-dependency, Sheikh Rashid actively promoted industrial ventures to build his nation's infrastructure. The Aluminium and Cement factory are the result of this endeavour. He also establised the Jebel Ali Free Trade Zone, the fifth largest free trade zone in the world. Within 10 years of its inception, it attracted over 900 international companies that include global giants such as General Motors, AEG, Aiwa, BP, Ciba, Geigy, Daewoo and Heinz.
Dubai is appealing to tourists as well as business executives. Like the rest of the U.A.E., it has also been actively promoting itself as a vacation destination. In June 1996 World Travel prizes ceremony held in Las Vegas, USA, it won the gold prize for the best destination in the Middle East.
Dubai features the annual Dubai Shopping Festival, the Dubai World Trade Center which hosts innumerable international events and fairs, the Dubai Air Show, the Dubai Summer Surprises, the world's tallest skyscraper, an undersea hotel and even indoor alpine skiing at the Ski Dubai Dome.
The Dubai International Airport is reputed to be the world's second best transit airport. It currently handles 7.3 million passengers per year with a growth rate of 12% that is double that of any other airport in the world. The emirates, which will begin receiving Airbus A380 superjumbos starting April 2007, will hire 8,000 new staff members as cabin crew for its rapidly expanding air fleet. It is investing $20 million to expand its crew training facility at the Emirates Training Center in Garhoud.
The Punjab is situated in eastern India and is divided by the Indian/Pakistani border. It is very fertile because of the rivers that cross here and as a consequence, agriculture is central to the economy. Wheat accounts for a large proportion of the crops, along with corn, mustard greens, sugar cane and rice.
Buffalo milk which is 3% higher in fat than cows milk, is also important to the Punjabis, who are not prey to worries about cholesterol. Every bit of the buffalo milk is used in some way or other. Some is used in tea or evaporated into a much thicker richer milk known as bhadoli, which in turn is set into yoghurt. The thick cream will be removed from the top of the yoghurt and churned into butter. Some of the butter will be saved as is and the rest will be warmed slowly and turned into ghee (clarified butter) by pouring off the clear butter and discarding the solid sediment. Yet more of the milk will be made into paneer, the Indian equivalent of cottage cheese. The milk is boiled then curdled by adding lime juice then strained of whey, leaving the curds which can be shaped into solid rounds.
The Punjab is predominantly Sikh, being the home of the Golden Temple at Amritsar, central to the Sikh religion, thus more than half of all Punjabis are vegetarian. No one goes hungry here and Sikh temples always offer simple free meals of bread and vegetable curry to all who turn up.
Bread is the most important part of the Punjabi diet. Rotis are made from wholewheat flour and water, formed into balls and flattened into discs which are then slapped onto the site of a tandoor or onto a tava (a flat griddle pan like a flat frying pan). Rotis are commonly eaten for breakfast with butter, fresh yoghurt and pickles, while for lunch or dinner there will be parathas which are much richer, being brushed with ghee, folded and rolled again before being cooked and brushed with more ghee.
Unlike most of the rest of India, rice in the Punjab is for special occasions only or for making rice pudding.
Lunch in the fields will often consist of paratha and a curry made from onions fried with garlic, ginger, green chillies, cayenne, garam masala, tomatoes, turmeric and salt. Potatoes are stirred in and coated with the spices before adding water and cooking slowly.
Despite all this however, it seems that Venice is slowly sinking at the rate of approximately 2 inches every century. Terrible floods in 1966 caused much doom mongering and many people feared that Venice was about to be taken off the map.
The threat to remove funding for vital restoration projects gave serious cause for concern and prompted an urgent response to save the city. It was feared imminent flooding could completely destroy the city; preventative measures were high priority.
The efforts of the past two decades have had considerable success. Reduced pollution, shipping and the restoration of natural sandbanks have all contributed to the cause.
The first settlers of Venice were those fleeing the Barbarians around 400 AD. To create solid foundations for their buildings they drove timber into the mud and began creating a community for their people.
The city's emblem, the winged lion, derived from Saint Mark the Evangelist. The first significant church of Venice was built in the ninth century to house the relics of Saint Mark, and his emblem was soon adopted.
Venice's trade brought great wealth and prosperity to the city and for many centuries it continued to grow. The city thrived on its colonies and invested its riches wisely. Churches and palaces became commonplace, as were museums to house many newly acquired works of art.
For the past couple of centuries however, the obvious lack of development space meant the city found it difficult to advance further. Wars with Turkey were a drain on the resources and so Venice was content to consolidate.
Despite this, Venice does not rest on its laurels. Every visit offers something new, a fresh experience to take home. Each region of the city has an individual charm, giving the sense there is always something special around each corner.
Colombia, the Republic of Columbia is a country in the north west of South America. The country of Colombia is bound to the north and north-west by the Caribbean Sea, to the east by Venezuela and Brazil, to the south by Ecuador and Peru, and to the west by Panama and the Pacific Ocean. The official language in Colombia is Spanish. The capital city of Colombia is Bogotai, with an estimated population of 44,000,000.
Colombia with a total area of 1,138,910 sq km is the fourth biggest country in South America. This rank of fourth comes after Brazil, Argentina and Peru. This area can be devided up into land, 1,038,700 sq km, and water, 100,210 sq km. Although it is in the Tropical area The Colombian climate, is made different by the influence of the Andes mountain range. Colombia is tropical in the coastlands and lowlands and can get very cool in the mountains.
The eastern half of Colombia, which is more than half its total physical size, is plain and composed by rainforest. Colombia is crossed by rivers which belong to both the Amazon and Orinoco basins. The northern part of Colombia is called "Los Llanos", it is a savanna region. Colombian Pacific Plains at times of the year are among the most rainy parts in the world!


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Air Ambulance picks up man with reported head injury from Harlington
On Thursday (July 10) London Air Ambulance picked up a male patient who was being treated in an ambulance
Hannah Raven
London's Air Ambulance flew in to Harlington yesterday (Thursday, July 10) to pick up a male patient with a head injury.
It landed at around 4.30pm in a field near Manor Lane where the man was transferred from an ambulance to the helicopter.
Eyewitness Christine Taylor said: "Police appeared to be entering a house at the end of the road on the corner nearest the fence.
"A white male taken away in the ambulance.
"Medical staff spent a long time with the man in the ambulance so the helicopter may have been in the field for as long as 45 minutes.
"The ambulance travelled down Sipson Lane with an escort of vehicles and entered the field so that the transfer could be made safely - otherwise the man would have needed to be passed through a gap in the fence and over a deep ditch."
A London Ambulance Service spokesman said: "We were called at around 2.40pm yesterday afternoon to an an address in Manor Lane, Harlington.
"We sent two responders by car, an ambulance crew, a duty officer and London's Air Ambulance to the scene. We treated a man reported to be in his 50s for a head injury. He was taken as a priority by air ambulance to the Royal London Hospital."
His condition is unknown.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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You are here: Home / Richest Celebrities / Authors / Eric Thomas Net Worth
Eric Thomas Net Worth
If you're looking for Eric Thomas's net worth in 2023, then check out how much money Eric Thomas makes and is worth today below. By collecting data from the most accurate and reputable resources, we've compiled a collection of the richest celebrities and their net worths.
How Much Is Eric Thomas Worth?
In 2023, Eric Thomas's net worth was estimated to be $5 Million.
As one of the richest celebrities in the world, people are always wondering how much money Eric Thomas has or makes. While it's impossible to calculate the exact amount Eric Thomas is worth, we can use publicly available information such as salary, investments, businesses, endorsements, and other income to estimate a net worth for 2023.
Who Is Eric Thomas?
Categories:Richest Celebrities, Authors
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text:
using namespace Alembic::AbcGeom; // Contains Abc, AbcCoreAbstract

//-*****************************************************************************
void cameraTest()
{
    std::string fileName = "camera1.abc";
    {
        OArchive archive( Alembic::AbcCoreHDF5::WriteArchive(), fileName );
        CameraSample samp;
        OCamera simpleCamObj( OObject( archive, kTop ), "simpleCam" );
        simpleCamObj.getSchema().set( samp );

        OCamera camObj( OObject( archive, kTop ), "cam" );
        OCameraSchema camSchema = camObj.getSchema();
        samp.addOp( FilmBackXformOp( kScaleFilmBackOperation, "scale" ) );
        samp.addOp( FilmBackXformOp( kTranslateFilmBackOperation, "offset" ) );
        camSchema.set( samp );

        samp[0].setScale( V2d( 2.0, 3.0 ) );
        samp[1].setChannelValue( 0, 4.0 );
        samp[1].setChannelValue( 1, 5.0 );
        samp.setLensSqueezeRatio( 2.0 );
        samp.setHorizontalAperture( 4.8 );
        samp.setVerticalFilmOffset( 3.0 );
        camSchema.set( samp );
    }

    {
        M33d identity;
        identity.makeIdentity();

        CameraSample samp;

        IArchive archive( Alembic::AbcCoreHDF5::ReadArchive(), fileName );
        ICamera simpleCam( IObject( archive, kTop ), "simpleCam" );
        ICamera cam( IObject( archive, kTop ), "cam" );

        // all default data
        simpleCam.getSchema().get( samp );
        TESTING_ASSERT( simpleCam.getSchema().getNumSamples() == 1 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFocalLength(), 35.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getHorizontalAperture(), 3.6 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getVerticalAperture(), 2.4 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getHorizontalFilmOffset(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getVerticalFilmOffset(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getLensSqueezeRatio(), 1.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanLeft(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanRight(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanTop(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanBottom(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFStop(), 5.6 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFocusDistance(), 5.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getShutterOpen(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getShutterClose(), 1.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getNearClippingPlane(), 0.1 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFarClippingPlane(), 100000.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp.getNumOps() == 0 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp.getNumOpChannels() == 0 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp.getFilmBackMatrix() == identity );

        TESTING_ASSERT( cam.getSchema().getNumSamples() == 2 );

        cam.getSchema().get( samp );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFocalLength(), 35.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getHorizontalAperture(), 3.6 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getVerticalAperture(), 2.4 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getHorizontalFilmOffset(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getVerticalFilmOffset(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getLensSqueezeRatio(), 1.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanLeft(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanRight(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanTop(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanBottom(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFStop(), 5.6 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFocusDistance(), 5.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getShutterOpen(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getShutterClose(), 1.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getNearClippingPlane(), 0.1 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFarClippingPlane(), 100000.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp.getNumOps() == 2 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp.getNumOpChannels() == 4 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[0].getHint() == "scale" );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[0].getType() == kScaleFilmBackOperation );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[0].getNumChannels() == 2 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp[0].getChannelValue(0), 1.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp[0].getChannelValue(1), 1.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[1].getHint() == "offset" );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[1].getType() == kTranslateFilmBackOperation );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[1].getNumChannels() == 2 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp[1].getChannelValue(0), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp[1].getChannelValue(1), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp.getFilmBackMatrix() == identity );

        cam.getSchema().get( samp, 1 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFocalLength(), 35.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getHorizontalAperture(), 4.8 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getVerticalAperture(), 2.4 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getHorizontalFilmOffset(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getVerticalFilmOffset(), 3.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getLensSqueezeRatio(), 2.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanLeft(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanRight(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanTop(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanBottom(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFStop(), 5.6 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFocusDistance(), 5.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getShutterOpen(), 0.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getShutterClose(), 1.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getNearClippingPlane(), 0.1 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFarClippingPlane(), 100000.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp.getNumOps() == 2 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp.getNumOpChannels() == 4 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[0].getHint() == "scale" );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[0].getType() == kScaleFilmBackOperation );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[0].getNumChannels() == 2 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp[0].getChannelValue(0), 2.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp[0].getChannelValue(1), 3.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[0].getScale().equalWithAbsError( V2d( 2.0, 3.0 ),
            VAL_EPSILON ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[1].getHint() == "offset" );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[1].getType() == kTranslateFilmBackOperation );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[1].getNumChannels() == 2 );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp[1].getChannelValue(0), 4.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp[1].getChannelValue(1), 5.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp[1].getTranslate().equalWithAbsError(
            V2d( 4.0, 5.0 ), VAL_EPSILON ) );

        M33d m;
        m.makeIdentity();
        m.scale( V2d( 2.0, 3.0 ) );
        m.translate( V2d( 4.0, 5.0 ) );
        TESTING_ASSERT( samp.getFilmBackMatrix().equalWithAbsError( m,
            VAL_EPSILON ) );
    }
}

//-*****************************************************************************
void corePropertiesTest()
{
    std::string fileName = "camera2.abc";
    {
        OArchive archive( Alembic::AbcCoreHDF5::WriteArchive(), fileName );
        CameraSample samp;

        OCamera camObj( OObject( archive, kTop ), "cam" );
        OCameraSchema camSchema = camObj.getSchema();

        // set some nonsense values just to test reading/writing
        for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; ++i )
        {
            samp.setFocalLength( i * 1000.0 + 1.0 );
            samp.setHorizontalAperture( i * 1000.0 + 2.0 );
            samp.setVerticalAperture( i * 1000.0 + 3.0 );
            samp.setHorizontalFilmOffset( i * 1000.0 + 4.0 );
            samp.setVerticalFilmOffset( i * 1000.0 + 5.0 );
            samp.setLensSqueezeRatio( i * 1000.0 + 6.0 );
            samp.setOverScanLeft( i * 1000.0 + 7.0 );
            samp.setOverScanRight( i * 1000.0 + 8.0 );
            samp.setOverScanTop( i * 1000.0 + 9.0 );
            samp.setOverScanBottom( i * 1000.0 + 10.0 );
            samp.setFStop( i * 1000.0 + 11.0 );
            samp.setFocusDistance( i * 1000.0 + 12.0 );
            samp.setShutterOpen( i * 1000.0 + 13.0 );
            samp.setShutterClose( i * 1000.0 + 14.0 );
            samp.setNearClippingPlane( i * 1000.0 + 15.0 );
            samp.setFarClippingPlane( i * 1000.0 + 16.0 );
            camSchema.set( samp );
        }
    }

    {
        M33d identity;
        identity.makeIdentity();

        CameraSample samp;

        IArchive archive( Alembic::AbcCoreHDF5::ReadArchive(), fileName );
        ICamera cam( IObject( archive, kTop ), "cam" );

        TESTING_ASSERT( cam.getSchema().getNumSamples() == 10 );

        for ( std::size_t i; i < 10; ++i )
        {
            cam.getSchema().get( samp );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFocalLength(),
                1000.0 * i + 1.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getHorizontalAperture(),
                1000.0 * i + 2.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getVerticalAperture(),
                1000.0 * i + 3.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getHorizontalFilmOffset(),
                1000.0 * i + 4.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getVerticalFilmOffset(),
                1000.0 * i + 5.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getLensSqueezeRatio(),
                1000.0 * i + 6.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanLeft(),
                1000.0 * i + 7.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanRight(),
                1000.0 * i + 8.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanTop(),
                1000.0 * i + 9.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getOverScanBottom(),
                1000.0 * i + 10.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFStop(),
                1000.0 * i + 11.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFocusDistance(),
                1000.0 * i + 12.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getShutterOpen(),
                1000.0 * i + 13.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getShutterClose(),
                1000.0 * i + 14.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getNearClippingPlane(),
                1000.0 * i + 15.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( almostEqual( samp.getFarClippingPlane(),
                1000.0 * i + 16.0 ) );
            TESTING_ASSERT( samp.getNumOps() == 0 );
            TESTING_ASSERT( samp.getNumOpChannels() == 0 );
        }
    }
}

//-*****************************************************************************
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
    cameraTest();
    corePropertiesTest();
    return 0;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Connect with the people and ideas reshaping higher education, written by Goldie Blumenstyk. Delivered on Wednesdays. To read this newsletter as soon as it sends, sign up to receive it in your email inbox.
From: Goldie Blumenstyk
Subject: The Edge: 2 Shifts That Could Bolster Enrollment
I'm Goldie Blumenstyk, a senior writer at The Chronicle covering innovation in and around higher ed. Greetings from New Orleans, where I'm now in the thick of Jobs for the Future's annual Horizons conference. I'll share the news from that soon. Meanwhile, this week I report on how shorter semesters and competency-based education may be helping colleges stave off enrollment declines.
Two ideas that just might keep students enrolling.
No end is in sight for the downward slide in college enrollment. Yet some colleges that have leaned into one or two less-traditional models — shorter semesters and competency-based education — say those approaches have helped them defy the trend.
I'm always hesitant to declare success based on anecdotal evidence. Still, I see value in highlighting examples that appear to be working. And I hope my reporting prompts others to dig deeper and produce more data and studies that will give a fuller picture of the impact. Like, how about tracking the adoption or prevalence of shorter semesters nationally? I'd love to see some good numbers on that.
Folks at Achieving the Dream pointed out to me a few months ago that shorter semesters were helping some of its member colleges keep enrollment from tanking. While the format is hardly new, "certainly more" institutions have moved in that direction during the pandemic, said Monica Parrish Trent, the organization's vice president for network engagement.
Students often leave college in the midst of a 15-week semester, because "life happens," Trent told me. With shorter terms, she said, "it's easier to hang on." And that's one reason many degree programs tailored to returning-adult students use the shorter-semester format. The widespread uncertainty that hit in March 2020 made shorter semesters generally more attractive than traditional ones. The prospect of a shorter term can make it easier for students to decide to enroll, even if they're unsure of their work schedules or personal circumstances (the same goes for shorter-duration programs, which also seem to have fared well in the last two years). And the appeal is there for different student populations at various institutions.
But shorter semesters require more intentional course design, which falls mostly to faculty members. "It's work," Trent acknowledged. But recent improvements in learning-management systems and other classroom technologies, she said, can at least help professors keep track of students' access to course materials and their progress.
As conditions normalize — or maybe more accurately, even as Covid wanes as a crisis — the trend won't be just a blip, Trent believes. "It will absolutely last," she predicted.
That's definitely the case for a couple of colleges I spoke with this spring. Northeast Wisconsin Technical College, for example, began converting nearly all of its courses to what it calls the 8-Week Advantage format in the summer of 2020. Over the next academic year, it found not only that students were earning higher grades in the shorter-term classes, but that the courses also had lower withdrawal rates (4.1 percent) than did those running for 15 weeks (6.7 percent). And going from fall 2021 into spring 2022, the persistence rate for students in successive short semesters was higher than for those enrolled in traditional long-semester courses.
Amarillo College is also set on short semesters. Inspired by the flexible scheduling model at Odessa College, it began the transition in 2017, and when the pandemic hit, Amarillo — which is also a national model for wraparound services — didn't experience the same steep drops in enrollment as many of its peers. But the main reason it's sticking with the new calendar is that officials there have found that it helps students graduate. "The data was just compelling," Tamara Clunis, vice president for academic affairs, told me. Along the way, the college has learned a few lessons. Build in one-week breaks between the eight-week sessions, "to allow faculty to catch their breath, and students, too," she said. When students take two courses in one eight-week term, encourage them to pair a rigorous one with another that is less so. And a master schedule of the course sequences that students must follow to progress is critical to "avoiding nightmare on eight-week street," Clunis added. Without that, she said, "you'll have a train wreck." This month Amarillo is hosting its second annual conference on accelerated learning, and more than two dozen colleges are expected to participate.
During the pandemic, colleges offering competency-based programs also reported enrollment resilience. One survey of colleges offering that learning format — conducted by the American Institutes for Research from the spring to the late fall of 2020 — found that many institutions' enrollments stayed steady or even grew. One reason: Some students saw the disruption to their working lives as an opportunity "to load up and accelerate" their academics, said Kelle Parsons, the senior researcher at AIR who conducted the survey. And competency-based students whose circumstances halted their studies during the pandemic, such as caregivers and health-care workers who were on extra duty, she said, didn't have to formally withdraw from or fail a course, because the format wasn't time-bound. As one survey respondent put it: Competency-based education, or CBE, was "resilient" because it allowed students "to continue their education in a flexible, self-paced manner."
I'm still not ready to say short semesters or CBE is the way forward. And AIR doesn't have another study in the works right now, but Parsons told me she'd love to explore in future surveys how those two approaches affect enrollment. In the meantime, at least one institution, Nicolet College, in Wisconsin, just made a $2.2-million bet on CBE. In April it opened a new manufacturing lab for its competency-based programs in welding, electromechanical technology, and other hands-on fields.
Got a tip you'd like to share or a question you'd like me to answer? Let me know, at goldie@chronicle.com. If you have been forwarded this newsletter and would like to see past issues, find them here. To receive your own copy, free, register here. If you want to follow me on Twitter, @GoldieStandard is my handle.
Goldie's Weekly Picks
Congress Should Scrutinize Higher Ed's Use of Predictive Analytics, Watchdog Says
By Dan Bauman
They're the invisible infrastructure undergirding many recruitment efforts and financial-aid offers.
'They Didn't Care': Inside One University's Sputtering Online Partnership With 2U
By Michael Vasquez
Arcadia University, in Pennsylvania, worked with the online program manager to start a hybrid physician-assistant program. It didn't go well.
The Review | Essay
Don't Blame the Pandemic for Worker Discontent
By Kevin R. McClure
It hasn't just been a tough two years. It's been a tough two decades.
Innovation & TransformationCareer PreparationLeadership & GovernanceFinance & OperationsLaw & Policy
Goldie Blumenstyk
The veteran reporter Goldie Blumenstyk writes a weekly newsletter, The Edge, about the people, ideas, and trends changing higher education. Find her on Twitter @GoldieStandard. She is also the author of the bestselling book American Higher Education in Crisis? What Everyone Needs to Know.


text:
Hypnosis for Health Conditions?
Everything you need to know about medical hypnosis
(RxWiki News) Hypnosis is known for making people very, very sleepy, but can it also be used to help people become healthy?
Hypnosis, otherwise known as hypnotherapy, is a trance-like state. When used to help with health and wellness issues, it's called medical hypnosis.
The American Medical Association first approved hypnosis as a way to manage health conditions in 1958. Today, a trained therapist or health care professional will typically conduct medical hypnosis in two parts:
The health care professional gets the person's attention by asking them to focus on something. This may be a particular object or breathing.
Then, the health care professional can offer a suggestion. If the person is undergoing treatment for pain, the suggestion may be something like, "You feel greater comfort." Alternatively, the health care provider could suggest that the person undergoing hypnosis focus on being able to handle the pain more easily.
Hypnosis can indeed help you relax and focus your mind. As a result, your brain becomes more open to suggestion. That's why hypnosis is sometimes used for people who are struggling to quit smoking.
"Hypnosis takes advantage of the fact that people are able to be open to absorbing new ideas," said Dr. Mark P. Jensen, a pain expert and hypnosis researcher at the University of Washington, in an article published by the National Institutes of Health. "You get someone's attention and then you offer them a new way of looking at a problem that will make the problem easier for them to manage."
Hypnosis may help with more than pain and quitting smoking. Some studies have suggested that hypnosis may also help with health issues like irritable bowel syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety. In particular, hypnosis may help manage anxiety before a surgical procedure.
Other health conditions for which hypnosis has been studied include the following:
Hot flashes tied to menopause
Behavior changes like insomnia, bed-wetting and overeating
Although side effects from hypnosis are rare, they can occur. Possible hypnosis side effects include the following:
Anxiety or distress
Creation of false memories
Hypnosis is not mind control by another person. Furthermore, those who actually want to be hypnotized tend to see more success. And if you are not able to fully enter a state of hypnosis, you may not find hypnosis to be effective for you.
Additional studies are needed to fully understand the possible medical benefits of hypnosis and how it can work.
Written by Anyssa Garza, PharmD, BCMAS
Mens Health Womens Health
NIH News in Health, "Hypnosis for Health" Mayo Clinic, "Hypnosis" National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, "Pain: Hope Through Research" Image Courtesy of Katarzyna Bialasiewicz | Dreamstime
Non-Contact Thermometers: What You Need to Know
Shingles: What You Need to Know
Complementary Health: What You Need to Know
What You Need to Know About the HPV Vaccine
What Families Need to Know About Dementia
What to Know About Angelina's Decision
What Women Need to Know About Bladder Control
Here's What You Need to Know About Autism
What You Need to Know About Hepatitis C
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) otherwise known as benign prostatic hypertrophy is the enlargement of the prostate. BPH is very common that it has been said all men will have an enlarged prostate if they live long enough. Patients with ...
More about Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaLow TestosteroneWomens HealthFemale Orgasmic DisorderEndometriosisPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)Bacterial VaginosisUterine FibroidsOvarian CystsPelvic Inflammatory Disease
LonitenRonoxidilFlomaxDutasterideAlfuzosinDutasteride & TamsulosinPropeciaProscarFinasterideTamsulosin


PHILADELPHIA -- It's mock draft season.
The 2019 NFL Draft is still three months away, but it's never too early for some prognostication -- heck, we even started last week -- that might not mean anything when all is said and done.
So here's our next offering. Pay close attention to what the Eagles, Ravens and Steelers do. All three teams spent most of the season in or around the playoff race but face some tough decisions this offseason.
Some other storylines: Do the Patriots finally draft their replacement for Tom Brady? Is the defensive line talent in this class at the level some think it is? What can Jon Gruden possibly do with three first-round picks?
The Cardinals took care of the offensive side of the ball in 2018 with Josh Rosen, Christian Kirk and Chase Edmonds. Now, it's time to add some talent to that defense. Bosa is the best player in the draft. He should be the first pick.
Gary signed with Michigan as the top recruit in the Class of 2016, and he flashed his immense talent at times, though not as much as some people expected. Still, he should test well at the combine, which would boost his draft status significantly. It's easy to see him going in the top 5.


Action Industrial Supply has been supplying the needs of the industrial market since 1979. Starting as a general lines supplier, Action has built a reputation on providing quality products and service levels unmatched by our competition. On September 26, 2012, Action acquired CA Safety Products.
Today, Action still remains a local, general line industrial supplier, resulting in quick decisions made by local people who understand the needs of the businesses and community we serve.
Local inventories, company owned delivery vehicles, and cutting-edge inventory technologies are just a small part of the Action Success story. With the ability to manage local inventory, stock levels can be quickly adjusted to respond to increased demand for a product. Our company-owned fleet allows for next day and often same day delivery service.


Enjoy a rich blend of history and culinary traditions on a sailing through France's Bordeaux wine region. The area is part of Aquitaine, a former kingdom located in southwestern France. Here, the Garonne and Dordogne rivers merge to form the Gironde estuary south of the city of Bordeaux, where these cruises typically begin and end.
Experienced cruise directors take care of all the daily details, while trained guides help you make the most of your time in port. And best of all, the price you pay upfront includes accommodations, many meals and beverages, entertainment and sightseeing excursions.


You know the smell – sort of a combination of sour milk, stagnant water, and stale mustiness – and it has somehow made it into your clothes. What causes that sour smell in your clothes?
Putting your clothes away while they are still damp. Damp clothes in dark places many times leads to mold or mildew issues, which causes that musty, sour smell. Be certain your clothes are completely dry before putting them away.
Not properly cleaning your garments. Placing too many garments in one load causes your washer to be overloaded, which doesn't allow the detergent or clothes to move around adequately. As a result, some stains and spills are missed and detergent reside sits on clothes.
Letting your laundry sit for too long before washing. This is especially important when dealing with damp towels or sweaty workout clothes; bacteria begins breeding within hours and leaves an intense odor.
Your washing machine. Front-load high-efficiency washing machines are especially prone to mold and mildew buildup, even if you clean and maintain the machine regularly. To help combat the problem, avoid using too much laundry detergent, leave the door and soap dispenser open when not in use, and regularly run a bleach load. If you have been battling the smell for any length of time, you might want to call a service man to see if it is in an area that you cannot reach.
Rewash whites and white undergarments in chlorine bleach using the hottest water that's safe for the fabric.
Fresh air and direct sunlight eliminate mildew, so hang items outside to dry. Be sure to turn garments inside out to reduce the chances of fading.
Of course, A Cleaner World is always here to help with your garment-related issues. If you need help with a garment, simply drop it by one of our locations. We are here to help.


August saw table-topping Manchester City kill the competition and Chelsea slump to seventeenth place. Manchester United and Arsenal overcame shaky starts to reach second and third, respectively.A mid-table team renaissance, however, saw Crystal Palace, Everton, Leicester, and Swansea nipping at United and the Gunners' heels. Storied clubs Tottenham and Liverpool were uninspiring. Most teams have been very competitive this month.
Andre Ayew and Bafetimbi Gomis of Swansea have seven goals between them. They terrorized Manchester United in the Swans' 2-1 victory. Playmaker David Silva has shone brightest amongst the many stars at Manchester City. Riyad Mahrez has been a true match-winner for Leicester City, with four goals to date. Steven Naismith of Everton recently completed a hat-trick against Chelsea and 21-year-old Callum Wilson has been making scoring look easy at Bournemouth with four goals in four games.
Manchester City, undefeated so far this season, stand out from the pack. Winger Raheem Sterling has brought energy to a fantastic attack that previously sported David Silva and Sergio Aguero. The depth that Kevin De Bruyne adds helped City overcome an injury to Aguero and survive against Crystal Palace. Their defence has looked much better than last season due to Vincent Kompany and Yaya Toure returning to form and the excellence of defensive midfielder Fernandinho. City is sharp at both ends of the pitch; they boast the second-best possession and passing completion percentages in the league. They also have the most tackles and interceptions per game.
Manchester United paid through the nose for 19-year-old Anthony Martial. No teenager is worth £36 million, no matter how good he may be. City brought in De Bruyne to bolster the league's best midfield for £57 million. Everton rebuffed Chelsea's advances for John Stones. Chelsea made no significant moves and Manager Jose Mourinho's team slumped further from the top four.
Samir Nasri vs. Everton. Sporting fans live for such moments of grace. At the right edge of the box Samir Nasri passed to Yaya Toure and then glided between two Everton defenders towards the goal. With minimal movement, Toure looped the ball off the inside boot over those two defenders. Nasri collected the ball and chipped the goalie in one seamless, loping bound. Watch the goal with the sound off—there is a sublime and frictionless quality to it.
The Champions League commences on September 15. Arsenal, Chelsea, Manchester City and Manchester United will be representing the Premier League. City has the toughest group containing last year's runners up Juventus . They ought to make it through the group stage, but defending Europa League champions Sevilla will be a tough matchup. The other three sides should reach the top 16. Can the Premier League teams improve on last year's disappointing showing? Only City look like they have the quality to go deep in the tournament, given Chelsea's poor start. Expect Manchester United to have a fiery group stage match against PSV Eidenhoven when Memphis Depay returns to his former club.
Echoes in Eternity: Which coach has been the most influential of all time?


The One 01 Turning Disc is a stylish watch with an abundance of charm. With a XL rectangular polished stainless steel case measuring 51mm x 36mm x 9mm the timepiece displays generous proportions. What makes this watch so striking is the stunning white digital dial. Other features include two pushers, mineral glass and a white PU/strap.


Set the scene this winter for a Blue and White Christmas. With a rustic charm and a sophisticated attitude, Bristol Holiday brings home traditional style. Combine this unique Christmas Collection with our everyday floral or tartan plaid patterns to create your Blue & White Tablescape for Christmas. Add this Reindeer Figurine as the centerpiece of your Christmas Table.
11L x 7W x 12.25H IN Including Antlers. Deer Body Width 3.5 IN. Weight 2.5 LBS.


In a mixing bowl, thoroughly combine all relish ingredients.
Place your Sriracha Pickle Relish in a serving dish or a storage container. Then set it aside, and get ready to slide!
In a large bowl, thoroughly mix the meat, onions, garlic, and blackened seasoning.
Form the mixture into small (3-inch) patties, and make a fingertip-sized indentation in the center of each one. You should have 8-10 patties.
In a sauté pan on medium-high heat, place 4 patties. Add ¼ teaspoon of oil to the indent in each one, and fry for 2-3 minutes.
Flip the patties, add the blue cheese and bacon, and cook them for another 2-3 minutes.
Slide patties onto mini buns. Top with Sriracha Pickle Relish, fresh arugula, and Magical Ketchup. Hold on to your taste buds—here come your Magical Black 'n' Blue Sliders! Enjoy!


text:
Q: Allow only First two and last two are alphabets and rest in between are numeric(e.g EE123456789IN) in text box Hey I am trying to validate a textbox for getting first two and last two char are alphabets and rest of are numeric in between in the length of 13. eg EE123456789IN .   How to validate this in textbox and also check this on submit button.`
function Validate_Post() {
  var tb = document.getElementById("<%=txt_SpeedPost.ClientID%>").value;
  var a = tb.charAt(0);
  var b = tb.charAt(1);
  var c = tb.charAt(11);
  var d = tb.charAt(12);

  if ((a != 'E' && b != 'E') || (c != 'I' && d != 'N') || d != 'N') {
    alert("Invalid Speed Post Ref. No The Speed Post Ref No must be like this EE123456789IN") enter code here
  }

  for (var i = 3; i < 11; i++) {
    if ((tb.charAt(i) >= 48 && tb.charAt(i) <= 57) || (tb.charAt(i) >= 96 && tb.charAt(i) <= 126)) {
      alert("Enter Number after EE e.g EE123456789IN")
    }
  }
  return true
}

<asp:Button ID="Btn_submit" runat="server" Text="SUBMIT" align="center" Width="168px " OnClick="Btn_submit_Click" OnClientClick="Validate_Post();"  style="font-weight: 700"/>

I want result like this that textbox should validate e.g EE123456789IN and max length should be 13 and textbox only accepts this kind of input. if not then it will show error during submit. can you help me out of this.

A: I don't know ASP.NET, but you can do it with pure HTML without Javascript
<form action='/somewhere' method='post'>
  <input type='text' pattern='[A-Z]{2}\d{9}[A-Z]{2}' required />
  <input type='submit' />
</form>

A: Please use below code and let me know if you face any issue or you need any change in it.
  SpeedPost:
  <asp:TextBoxID="txt_SpeedPost" runat="server" maxlength=13 />
  <asp:Button ID="Btn_submit" runat="server" Text="SUBMIT" align="center" Width="168"
  OnClick="Btn_submit_Click" OnClientClick="return Validate_Post();"  style="font-
  weight: 700"/>

  <script>
  function Validate_Post() {
   var tb = document.getElementById("<%=txt_SpeedPost.ClientID%>").value;
   var length = tb.length;
   var first2 = tb.substr(0, 2);
   var last2 = tb.substr(length - 2, length);
   //alert(first2 + '::' + last2);

    var isAlphabet = allLetter(first2+last2);
   //if(first2 != 'EE' || last2 != 'IN')
    if(!isAlphabet)
   {
     alert("Invalid Speed Post Ref. No The Speed Post Ref
       No must be like this EE123456789IN");
     return false;
   }

   var centerLength = length - first2.length - last2.length;
   var centerChars = tb.substr(2, centerLength);
   //alert(centerChars);
   if (isNaN(centerChars))
   {
    // not a number
      alert('not a number');
      return false;
   }

   return true;
   }

   function allLetter(inputtxt)
   {
      var letters = /^[A-Za-z]+$/;
       if(inputtxt.match(letters))
       {
          return true;
        }
       else
        {
            return false;
         }
    }
  </script>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


My return to sender voodoo spells will bring evil doers their just desserts. If they have laid a hex or curse on you, these spells will pay the curse placer back ten-fold.
The curse placer will get a taste of their own medicine magnified X 10. Pain does not describe what they will be feeling.
Burning in the flames of Hell would be like a beach holiday in the Bahamas compared to that.
If you are suffering from the baleful effects of a curse, my return to sender voodoo spells will totally clear away all the evil that has been put on you.
They will also bring you justice. The curse placer will be punished and will NOT get off scot free for doing you wrong.
"She laid a curse on me, i give it back ten times, it's no more than what she deserve." Harriet, Alabama, USA.
"It was plain wrong the bad work those women were doing on me in church, they putting powders in my bag when I was not looking. They evil." Latoya, Mississippi, USA.
"I'm gonna tell you straight, them gangbangers thought they could put a number on me, now they got it back ten-fold. Diego, Florida, USA.
"My mother-in-law put a jadoo curse on me to break up my marriage, she deserves all she gets, it was wrong what she did. Daksha, Bradford, England.


Southeast Horn Workshop A regional workshop of the International Horn Society held yearly in the Southeast United States.
Welsh Celtic Fiddle Workshop Annual workshop and competition; information for participants and schedule.
Edinboro University Trip to Barclay Trumpet Making Workshop Biographies, pictures, and journals from the workshop.
Strings and Wind National Workshop Information about this residential workshop for amateur strings and woodwind in Scotland.
Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra Includes schedule and ticket information.
Rismondo, Paolo A. List of compositions, samples of musical scores, and sound files.


text:
Welcome to BANDAI NAMCO Entertainment! BANDAI NAMCO Entertainment, and its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, "BANDAI NAMCO") respect the privacy rights of its online visitors and unreservedly acknowledges the importance of protecting all the information you choose to share with us. To meet this commitment, we have adopted this online Privacy Policy ("Privacy Policy"). By using BANDAI NAMCO's websites, games and online services, which are all subject to this Privacy Policy (collectively, "website(s)"), you acknowledge our right to collect, store, use and disclose your personal information as defined in this Privacy Policy.
Please note that privacy policy provisions may vary between countries. Please ensure that the flag at the top right is the flag of your country of residence. If the flag displayed is not the flag of your country of residence, bandai namco cannot be held liable for any act contrary to the laws in force in your country.


Anyone caught up in Matsuzaka Mania and is interested in getting a peek into Japanese baseball culture should check out the piece Live From Akita City on baseballprospectus.com by Mike Plugh. Good overview history of the sport in Japan, the respect for the game they have and instill in their players from youth on, and the importance of culture on the game. It is the first part of what is hopefully a season-long regular contribution. I eagerly anticipate following this through-out the season.
Anyone looking for an addictive, but simple to play, computer sports game should check out Baseball Manager or Football Manager by the sportsmogul group (http://www.sportsmogul.com). The games are inexpensive, and they basically let you GM a team and simulate the seasons. You can even play online. No, they do not advertise here or give me a kickback (though they should!). I love the games, play them waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaay too much, and figured I should pass on my addictions, well, at least my sports-related addictions!
March Madness? I thought that was the hype-up of the Sox-Yankees game. If I have to see one more newsclip of Okajima, Matsuzaka, and Hideki Matsui bowing to each other I will lose it.
Speaking of madness, is anyone else ready to puke after seeing 350 or so stories about Curt Schilling throwing a change-up? What's next? Bathroom updates?
Josh Beckett is back. Those 20 wins I predicted last year are coming this year. Guaranteed. The kid has nasty stuff, a nasty attitude, and just enough of a comfort level to take the next step. Really, he did not pitch bad last season. I will look it up when I have time, but when he was on, he was unhittable. When he was not, it was a 8 runs in 2 innings kind of game. The stats will back me up on this one. He takes that next step finally this season.
Nothing like picking against BC in my bracket and watching them thump Texas Tech. Pencil them in for the Georgetown upset. When I pick against BC, they always make a run.
I had that Kirk Gibson fist-pump going when Eric Maynor of VCU hit that jumper with two seconds left in the game to give them the lead and win the game against Duke. Nothing personal, Coach K is the da bomb, yada-yada-yada, but like 90% of the country, I just love watching the Dukies take a tumble.
The best part of the Patriots loading up on free agents is that they still have two number one picks, a bunch of compensatory picks in the middle rounds, and the post April 1 free agency pickings to feast on.
Pat the Elvis Patriot tried put the moves on my wife once before a pre-season game (heck, most every guy she meets tries). Did I ever mention that? Heck, her face is turning red right now. Wonder why that popped into my head. She is gonna kill me for writing this. Heh-heh-heh.


text:
by CS | Oct 25, 2021 | Brian Dunn, Featured, Ports and Terminals, St. Lawrence, Seaway and Great Lakes
By Brian Dunn According to CargoM, the Logistics and Transportation Cluster of Metropolitan Montreal, last year was the worst in its eight -year history. This year may even be tougher, said CargoM Executive Director Mathieu Charbonneau. "We had a second (longshoremen)...
by CS | Oct 25, 2021 | Featured, Ports and Terminals
By Brian Dunn If there was ever a good example of baptism by fire, look no further than the Port of Montreal where Martin Imbleau became CEO in January, replacing Sylvie Vachon who retired after 30 years of service at the Port. The former head of business development...
by CS | Oct 25, 2021 | Alex Binkley, Other Stories, Ports and Terminals
By Alex Binkley There were plenty of headlines about the terrible living conditions of crews stuck on ships in ports around the world because of COVID. What was mostly missed was mention of the work of a lot of volunteers working to try to ease the situation for these...
The Port of Montreal has entered the latest phase of its Contrecoeur terminal expansion project. The Montreal Port Authority (MPA) announced in July that it was preparing to launch an international Request for Qualifications during the fourth quarter of 2021 to...
by CS | Oct 25, 2021 | Other Stories, Ports and Terminals
The environment has been a priority for the Port of Montreal for quite some time now. In 1993, the Montreal Port Authority (MPA) became one of the first ports to incorporate environmental clauses into its leases. In 2001, it adopted an environmental policy focusing on...
Port of Montreal well connected to its community
The Port of Montreal, now more than ever, is directly involved in the social fabric of the community it serves. The Montreal Port Authority (MPA) has opened a major new public space on the waterfront: the Grand Quay of the Port of Montreal. The site, which offers the...


BAILA Zine 2 Launch Party. Left to Right: Zeal Harris, Duane Paul, Cole Jupiter James, J Michael Walker, Tendai Nyachoto. March 20, 2016, Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions (LACE), Hollywood, CA. Exhibition in background is Micol Hebron's Gallery Tally Poster Project on Gender Inequity in the Art World.
Front Cover of BAILA Zine 2 The Code Issue edited by artist Kathie Foley-Meyer. Click here for a PDF of the entire magazine.
BAILA planning meeting for launching of BAILA Zine 2, edited by artist Kathie Foley-Meyer. Left to Right: Adrienne DeVine, Lili Bernard, Steven J. Brooks, Kathie Foley-Meyer, Lisa Diane Wedgeworth, Brenda Williams, June Edmonds, Vincent Johnson. May 6, 2015, Kathie Foley-Meyer residence, Los Angeles, CA.
BAILA planning meeting for Launch of BAILA Zine 2, edited by Kathie Foley Meyer. Left to Right: Brenda Williams, June Edmonds, Vincent Johnson, Lisa Diane Wedgeworth. May 6, 2015, Kathie Foley-Meyer residence, Los Angeles, CA.
BAILA planning meeting for launching of BAILA Zine 2, edited by artist Kathie Foley-Meyer (right). Artists Steven J. Brooks is left. May 6, 2015, Kathie Foley-Meyer residence, Los Angeles, CA.
BAILA planning meeting for launching of BAILA Zine 2, edited by Kathie Foley-Meyer. Left to Right: Brenda Williams, June Edmonds, Vincent Johnson.
Steven J. Brooks (right), artist/editor of BAILA Zine 1 mans BAILA Table with artists Jane Castillo (seated) and Vincent Johnson (standing) at Blk Grrrl Book Fair, March 7, 2015, L.A.
BAILA table (against the white wall) at Blk Grrrl Book Fair 2015, selling BAILA Zine 1 edited by artist Steven J. Brooks (seated purple shirt). March 7, 2015, Cielo Galleries, Los Angeles, CA.
BAILA Zine 1, edited by artist Steven J. Brooks for sale at the Blk Grrrl Book Fair 2015. Click here for a PDF of the whole BAILA Zine 1.
Blk Grrrl Book Fair 2015 panel discussion, Cielo Galleries, Los Angeles, March 7, 20015. Standing far left is BAILA member Teka Lark who co-organized the book fair. The book fair featured a solo show of artwork by BAILA founder Lili Bernard.
Blk Grrrl Book Fair 2015 organizer/BAILA member Teka Lark (standing). Panelist left to right are Lisa Teasley, Lili Bernard (BAILA founder) and Natashia Deón. March 7, 2015, Cielo Galleries, Los Angeles, CA. Click here for an LA Weekly article on the fair.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on July 18, 2016 by Lili Bernard.
Left to right artists Artis Lane, Samella Lewis and Lili Bernard (BAILA Founder and roundtable organizer) entering the BAILA-Getty Roundtable discussion, November 4, 2014, Getty Museum and Research Institute.
Introduction of the Directors and Curators (seated against the wall) of the Getty Research Museum & Institute. Standing is BAILA founder and roundtable organizer, artist Lili Bernard.
This entry was posted in Roundtable Posts and tagged Getty Museum, Getty Research Institute on July 9, 2016 by Lili Bernard.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on September 11, 2013 by Lili Bernard.
Click here to view the slide show.
A roundtable between BAILA (Black Artists in Los Angeles) and Otis College of Art and Design convened Monday, July 29, 2013, 10:00 a.m. -12:45 p.m. on Otis' main campus. The topic of discussion was the role of academia in the main stream art world as it pertains to Black artists.
Fifty (50) people were in attendance: Ale McGrew, Allison Agsten, Andre Ajibade, Annetta Kapon, Artis Lane, Brooke Randolph, Carole Jordan-Harris MD, Carol Branch PhD, Clint Johnson, Consuelo Velasco Montoya, David Clark, Diane Pitts & Daughter, Dondei Dean, Donna Angers, Duane Paul, Ed Schoenberg, George Evans, Glen Wilson, Gregory Pitts, Hillary Jaynes, Holly Tempo, Ingrid Elburg, Jean De Bassecour, Jeseca Dawson, Jill Moniz, Jim Starks Jr, June Edmonds, Karien Zachery, Kenneth Beavers, Kevin Tidmore, Laura Daroca, Lili Bernard, Lisa C. Soto, Meg Linton, Michael Massenburg, MonaLisa Whitaker, Nathalie Sanchez, Nicola Goode and Son, Renee Potropoulos, Rhonda Purdom, Shefali Mistry, Stanley Bruce, Steven J. Brooks, Suzanne Lacy, Teresa Flores, Toni Scott, Ulysses Jenkins, Zeal Harris.
This marked the eighth BAILA roundtable. The first BAILA roundtable was in December of 2011. Art Organizations participating in BAILA roundtables have included Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Hammer Museum UCLA, California African American Museum, Watts Towers Arts Center Los Angeles Department of Cultural Affairs, Otis College of Art and Design, Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions (LACE), Watts House Projects, Golden State Mutual Legacy Foundation, and GYST.
To view slide shows and videos of BAILA roundtables, click here.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on July 31, 2013 by Lili Bernard.


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text:
The siege of Negroponte (modern Chalkis) was undertaken by the forces of the Republic of Venice from July to October 1688. The Venetian army, composed of several mercenary and allied contingents from western Europe, had succeeded in capturing the Peloponnese in the previous years, and proceeded to capture Athens and attack Negroponte, the main Ottoman stronghold in Central Greece. The Venetian siege was hampered by the Ottoman resistance and their inability to completely isolate the town, as the Ottoman general Ismail Pasha managed to ferry supplies to the besieged garrison. Furthermore, the Venetian army suffered many casualties from an outbreak of the plague in the Venetian camp, which led to the death of 4,000 troops and the experienced general Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck. The departure of the Florentine and Maltese contingents further weakened the Venetians, and when the German mercenaries refused to remain there in winter quarters, the Venetian commander, Doge Francesco Morosini, had to concede defeat and retreat to the Peloponnese.

References

Sources

1688 in the Ottoman Empire
17th century in Greece
Negroponte
History of Chalcis
Negroponte
Negroponte 1688
Negroponte 1688

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Thank you for stopping by the Minnesota District Council of the Assemblies of God website. We are a fellowship of approximately 250 Minnesota Assemblies of God churches, 1142 credentialed ministers, and over 109,000 adherents. We are affiliated with the General Council of the Assemblies of God, a nationwide fellowship of churches consisting of 12,897 churches, 37,000 credentialed ministers and over 3 million adherents.
Our office in Minneapolis serves as a resource center for the ministers and churches of this state seeking to provide tools to enable them to better reach and serve their churches and communities. To this end, our office provides networking opportunities, leadership training, events and support for the development of quality Christian leadership and the nurturing and establishment of healthy faith communities around this state.
Our 250 Minnesota Assemblies of God churches are here to serve you. There is one close to you to help you on your spiritual journey.
* Development of a strategy for evangelism that will take the church outside of it's walls as well as create "points of entry" for the unbeliever to come into the church.
* Providing continuing education and a network of prayer and fellowship for pastors and their families, helping them toward greater personal and professional satisfaction and productivity.
* Service to our churches and assistance in the training of lay leaders to enhance their ministry effectiveness.
* Development and implementation of comprehensive church planting and revitalization strategies.
* Provision of professional assistance for legal, financial, construction and strategic planning matters.
* Assistance in the recruitment of qualified clergy to match the ministerial leadership needs of our churches.
* Providing excellence in Christ-centered camping and retreats in order to evangelize and spiritually renew individuals, families and churches.
* Promoting awareness, prayer and financial support for district, national and foreign ministries of the Assemblies of God.
You may be wondering where we came from, and you'll be glad to know we've been around a while. The Assemblies of God has its roots in a religious revival that began in the late 1800's and swept into this century with widespread repetition of biblical spiritual experiences.
During that time, many Christians in the United States and other parts of the world began to feel a need for more of God's power operating in their lives. Individually and in groups, they began earnestly to pray and to seek to conform their commitments and experiences to what they believed was the New Testament pattern.
The beginning of the modern Pentecostal revival is generally traced to a prayer meeting at Bethel Bible College in Topeka, Kansas, on January 1, 1901. While many others had spoken in tongues previously during almost every period of spiritual revival, most researchers agree it was here that recipients of the experience, through study of the Scriptures, came to believe speaking in tongues is the biblical evidence for the baptism in the Holy Spirit.
The revival spread rapidly to Missouri and Texas, then to California and elsewhere. A 3-year revival meeting at Azusa Street Mission in Los Angeles attracted believers from across the nation and overseas and served as a springboard to send the Pentecostal message around the world.
Reports of what was taking place were carried in scores of periodicals and other publications that sprang up with the movement. Spontaneous revivals also began to break out about that time in other parts of the world and on various mission fields.
The Pentecostal aspects of the revival were not generally welcomed by the established churches and participants in the movement soon found themselves outside existing religious bodies. They were forced to seek their own places of worship, and soon there were hundreds of distinctly Pentecostal congregations.
By 1914, many ministers and laymen alike had begun to realize the rapid spread of the revival, and the many evangelistic outreaches it spawned had created a number of practical problems. The need arose for formal recognition of ministers as well as approval and support of missionaries, with full accounting of funds. In addition, there was a growing demand for doctrinal unity, gospel literature, and a permanent Bible training school.
These concerned leaders realized that to protect and preserve the results of the revival the thousands of newly Spirit-baptized believers should be united in a cooperative fellowship. In 1914 about 300 preachers and laymen gathered from 20 states and several foreign countries for a "general council" in Hot Springs, Arkansas, to discuss and take action on the growing need.
The five reasons they listed for calling the meeting were: doctrinal unity, conservation of the work, foreign missions interests, chartering churches under a common name for legal purposes, and the need for a Bible training school.
A cooperative fellowship emerged from the meeting and was incorporated under the name "The General Council of the Assemblies of God." Most of the delegates had little desire to form a new denomination or sect, and they structured their organization to unite the assemblies in ministry and legal identity while leaving each congregation self-governing and self-supporting. This structure continues to the present.
In 1916 the General Council added a Statement of Fundamental Truths to its constitution. A simple statement, it remains virtually unchanged and continues to provide a sound basis for the Fellowship, giving a firm position on vital doctrines.
From the beginning, Assemblies of God ministries have focused on evangelism and missions and have resulted in a continuing growth at home and abroad. Our constituency has climbed from the founding convention attendance of 300 to more than 3 million in the United States and over 60 million overseas.
Today, Assemblies of God people worship in more than 12,300 churches with an adherence of 2,914,669 in the U.S. The AG also has 19 endorsed Bible colleges, liberal arts colleges, and a seminary in the U.S. Recent statistics place it as the 9th largest religious body in the United States.
The aggressive missions programs of the church are designed to establish self-supporting and self-propagating national church bodies in every country. The Assemblies of God is now in 217 other nations with a worldwide adherence of 63,090,251. Ministers and leaders are trained in over 1,200 foreign Bible schools - more than any other U.S. based denomination.
The national headquarters of the Assemblies of God is located in Springfield, Missouri. For more information please see the General Council of the Assemblies of God website. Additional statistics can be found here.
... there is one God, eternally existent in three persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost.
... in the deity of our Lord Jesus Christ, in His virgin birth, in His sinless life, in His miracles, in His vicarious and atoning death, in His bodily resurrection, in His ascension to the right hand of the Father, and in His personal, future return to this earth in power and glory to rule over the nations.
... that man was created good and upright....but man by voluntary transgression fell.
... the only means of being cleansed from sin is through repentance and faith in the precious blood of Christ.
... the baptism in the Holy Spirit, according to Acts 2:4, is given to believers who ask for it.
...baptism of believers in the Holy Ghost is witnessed by the initial physical sign of speaking with other tongues as the Spirit of God gives them utterance.
... that the Church is the Body of Christ, the habitation of God through the Spirit, with divine appointments for the fulfillment of her great commission.
... that a divinely called and scripturally ordained ministry has been provided.
... the redemptive work of Christ on the cross provides healing of the human body in answer to prevailing prayer.
... in the blessed hope the rapture of the Church at Christ's coming.
... in the second coming of Christ includes the rapture of the saints, which is our blessed hope, followed by the visible return of Christ.
... in the resurrection of both the saved and the lost, the one to everlasting life and the other to everlasting damnation.
... that we are looking "for new heavens and a new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness."


text:
Lahdar Bellúmi (Maszkara, 1958. december 29. – ) algériai válogatott labdarúgó, edző.

Pályafutása

Klubcsapatban
1974 és 1999 között pályafutása nagy részét a GC Maszkara és az MC Orán csapatában töltötte. Előbbivel 1984-ben, utóbbival 1988-ban nyerte meg az algériai bajnokságot.

A válogatottban
1978 és 1989 között 100 alkalommal szerepelt az algériai válogatottban és 28 gólt szerzett. Részt vett az 1980. évi nyári olimpiai játékokon, az 1982-es és az 1986-os világbajnokságon, az 1980-as, az 1982-es, az 1984-es és az 1988-os afrikai nemzetek kupáján.

Edzőként
2004 és 2005 között az algériai válogatott szövetségi kapitánya volt.

Sikerei, díjai
GC Maszkara
Algériai bajnok (1): 1983–84
MC Orán
Algériai bajnok (1): 1987–88
Algéria
Afrikai nemzetek kupája döntős (1): 1980

Jegyzetek

Források

1958-ban született személyek
Élő személyek
Algériai labdarúgók
Labdarúgó-középpályások
Az 1982-es világbajnokság labdarúgói
Az 1986-os világbajnokság labdarúgói
Algériai olimpikonok


text:
El suec com a llengua estrangera és après per al voltant de 40.000 persones arreu del món a un nivell universitari. El suec es pot aprendre a més de dues-centes universitats arreu del món, a 41 països. El suec és la llengua escandinava més estudiada a l'estranger.

L'Svenska Institutet (Institut Suec) té un paper clau en l'organització de l'aprenentatge del suec a l'estranger. A més de col·laborar amb les universitats on s'ensenya suec, l'Institutet organitza cursos d'estiu per als estudiants i conferències per als professors, i també publica un llibre de text anomenat Svenska utifrån.

Classificació lingüística i distribució geogràfica
El suec pertany a la branca escandinava de la subfamília germànica de les llengües indoeuropees, i és mútuament intel·ligible amb el noruec i el danès. Com que molts dels manlleus que es troben en el suec venen de l'anglès i l'alemany, els parlants nadius d'aquestes llengües solen tenir un avantatge sobre els parlants d'altres llengües menys relacionades amb el suec.

A més de ser la llengua principal de Suècia (tot i que no hi ha cap llei que la faci llengua oficial), el suec és la segona llengua oficial de Finlàndia, i en algunes parts d'aquest país fins i tot és l'única llengua oficial, com ara Åland, on el 95% de la població parla el suec com a llengua principal. Al poblet estonià de Noarootsi, de només 910 habitants, el suec comparteix oficialitat amb l'estonià.

Dificultats per als estudiants
Una de les principals dificultats amb què es troben els estudiants de suec és la seva fonologia. Les paraules sueques tenen bé un accent obert, bé un de tancat, descrit normalment com a accents tonals pels lingüistes escandinaus. Aquests accents varien entre els diferents dialectes i són difícils de distingir per als parlants no nadius. La dificultat més gran és el fet que al voltant de 300 parells de mots suecs es distingeixen únicament pel seu accent. Les paraules anden  — (l'ànec) i anden  — (l'esperit) en són un exemple. Els estudiants que no tenen un domini suficient de la llengua poden confondre ambdós termes, portant a malentesos.

A part de la seva prosòdia, l'altra gran dificultat del suec també és de tipus fonològic; es tracta de les consonants fricatives /ɕ/ i /ɧ/. La combinació d'aquests dos sons, que són molt similars i particulars, així com la gran varietat d'al·lòfons que presenten, fa que sigui molt difícil de distingir-los per a un no nadiu. L'existència d'una tercera sibilant, , encara complica més les coses. Molts dialectes pronuncien  com  i ocasionalment ; en aquest cas, és gairebé idèntic al so "-ich" de l'alemany. L'excepció és el suec parlat a Finlàndia, en què aquest fonema és africat i es converteix en  o .

D'altra banda, els verbs són un tema relativament fàcil: només existeixen quatre temps verbals: el present, el pretèrit, el supí i el participi. Com en anglès, la resta de temps es construeixen amb l'ajut de verbs auxiliars. A més, els verbs no varien segons la persona i el nombre: jag säljer (jo venc), han säljer (ell ven) i de säljer (ells venen), per exemple, comparteixen la mateixa forma del verb sälja. Això implica la necessitat d'usar els pronoms personals en suec per evitar ambigüitats.

Exàmens de competència lingüística
 Swedex: consisteix en dos nivells diferents que corresponen als nivells A2 i B1 del Marc europeu comú de referència per a les llengües. Es pot fer l'examen en centres d'examinació a setze països diferents, tots a Europa tret de Tailàndia i l'Argentina. Els exàmens Swedex posen a prova l'habilitat de l'estudiant en cinc àrees diferents: la lectura, el vocabulari i la gramàtica, la comprensió oral, la producció escrita i la comprensió lectora.
 TISUS: un altre certificat, que se sol usar com a prova de competència lingüística en suec per accedir a les universitats sueques. Per fer l'examen, cal pagar 1.600 SEK (172.75 € o 250.33 USD a data de 2 de novembre del 2007) si es fa l'examen a Suècia, o 2,000 SEK (216,46 € o 313,49 USD) si es fa a l'estranger. Posa a prova les habilitats lectores, orals i escrites de l'estudiant.

Aprendre el suec a Catalunya

Cap universitat catalana no ofereix l'ensenyament de l'idioma suec. El Centre Cultural Nòrdic de Barcelona ofereix cursos setmanals de suec, entre altres llengües escandinaves. La GREC ha publicat un diccionari català-suec-català editat en dos volums, un per al diccionari català-suec i l'altre per al suec-català.

L'idioma suec ha estat present a l'Escola Oficial d'Idiomes i també a acadèmies privades com Institut Nòrdic. Les opinions d'alguns alumnes en son favorables destacant la qualitat en l'ensenyament. Tot i així també hi han eines online com Italki o Verbling que permeten obtenir classes personalitzades amb video trucades.

Vegeu també

Terminologia lingüística
 Segona llengua
 Llengua estrangera

Aprenentatge i ensenyament d'idiomes
 Educació lingüística
 Aprenentatge d'una segona llengua
 Lingüística aplicada

Suec actual
 Obligatorietat del suec a Finlàndia
 Suec estàndard
 Swenglish

Enllaços externs
 Svenska Institutet
 Språkrådet
 Exàmens Swedex
 Centre Cultural Nòrdic de Barcelona

Referències

Suec


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text:
<?php

namespace Keygen\Generators;

use Keygen\Generator;

class TokenGenerator extends Generator
{
	/**
	 * Generates a random key.
	 *
	 * @param numeric $length
	 * @return string
	 */
	protected function keygen($length)
	{
		$token = '';
		$tokenlength = round($length * 4 / 3);

		for ($i = 0; $i < $tokenlength; ++$i) {
			$token .= chr(rand(32,1024));
		}

		$token = base64_encode(str_shuffle($token));

		return substr($token, 0, $length);
	}
}


text:
Spiritual Ramblings
I've practiced Tai chi ch'uan and a certain, esoteric type of Taoism (called the Complete Reality System)... for almost 20 years. Also, along the way, had some nice times playing with gestalt, est, Actualizations, Esalen, lucid dreaming, rebirthing, Siddha Yoga, Wing Chun... you name it, I probably did a workshop in it.
When I was about 19, I had a beautiful dream during a trip to Yosemite. In this dream, I was suddenly aware that I was in a lucid dream. I was standing in an infinite plane, in a circle of about 15 people, all wearing white robes. I pinched myself, and surprisingly, I could feel it! Suddenly, an elderly but beautiful woman materialized in the center of the circle. She told us that she was Kuan Yin, the Goddess of Mercy, and that her time in her present incarnation was at an end. She told us that we, the collective standing in this circle, would become the next incarnation of this energy. She then held up her left hand, and a stack of books materialized over her hand. She took one of the books in her right hand, and it became a point of light, that traveled down to one of us standing in the circle and entered his/her forehead. She did this to all of us. She then said, "These are the books that you will someday write. And by this dream, you shall all find each other." Something else happened in the rest of the dream, that I cannot reveal. (So if you had this dream, please let me know and tell me what happened in the second half of the dream.) Anyway, it was such a beautiful dream, that it led me into the New Age world, and I started this tribe just in case there's someone else who had this dream, long ago.
Over the years, I've developed some odd ideas about Taoism, meditation and spirituality. Here are some of them:
Twenty years ago, when I first started practicing meditation, my teach quoted the Tao Te Ching, "Those who talk, seldom know. Those who know, seldom talk." So please excuse the lengthiness of this response… I've been keeping my mouth shut for twenty years now!
First of all, yes, definitely, the whole notion of "achieving Buddahood" is used liberally but seldom defined, possibly turning it into the spiritual equivalent of technology jargon. And certainly there are plenty of bullshit artists working in both technology and spirituality, but these are usually the guys raising money. Anyway, it's a great question and thanks to Sutha for posting it, and here's my long-winded explanation of terms like enlightenment and Buddhahood.
I think that enlightenment is really more of a verb than an object… or objective. Like the word "education", enlightenment isn't really some lofty end state that you get to, someday after many years of meditation, but rather, a lifelong pursuit and commitment toward that goal. For example, you might ask somebody who barely managed a high school diploma whether they were educated, and they would proudly answer "yessireebob, I barely passed but I managed to get myself educated allrighty!"
Equivalently, enlightenment is a bit more complex than a binary state. Also, there are different facets of enlightenment, just as there are many subjects you must pass in order to earn a degree from a reputable college. As a result, my own understanding of enlightenment is as overly complicated as a course guide at a small university, and thus, I am basically unable to provide a short pithy soundbite about what enlightenment really is. I think that enlightenment has many shades and nuances, many types and levels, many pursuits and pitfalls.
As an example of this complexity, I think that there are four "kinds" of practices that lead to enlightenment – physical, emotional, mental and spiritual. They correspond, very very roughly, to the four types of yoga – karma, bhakti, jnana and raja. Bhakti yoga is the pursuit of union with God through devotion, usually to the guru, and is the way of the heart. Jnana yoga is the pursuit of wisdom through mental activity. Karma yoga is the yoga of action, and in the Bhagavad Gita was defined devotion to service, but in our health conscious times, has been quietly redefined as the pursuit of physical enlightenment…that is, health and fitness. Raja yoga is the royal path, and is generally considered to be the integration of the other three paths. Also, there is a kind of enlightenment that is in the world and of this body, versus a different kind of enlightenment that is beyond this world and body. I am sure that there are more things in heaven and earth, than are dreamt of in this little bit of personal philosophy.
Anyway, I think because of this, it is very possible for a seeker to become very intellectually enlightened, while having a wreck of a marriage or battling addiction. This was certainly true for Chogyam Trungpa. Or on the other hand, it is sometimes necessary for a seeker to ignore and destroy the body, in order to achieve spiritual enlightenment.
Thus, physical enlightenment might be achieving a state where your body, your hormones, and your "ch'i meridians" are in a state of balance. Just as it is difficult for a woman during menses to feel entirely emotionally calm, all of us are in some state of hormonal imbalance. I think that in our world, emotional enlightenment has everything to do with finding happiness in a fundamentally complex and deluded world. Intellectual enlightenment is probably best achieved through something like Zen or Tibetan Buddhism. And there is definitely something beyond all of these corporeal forms of enlightenment, that is beyond this body, beyond this world, beyond this reality. A really good exposition of the types of enlightenment can be found in the Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch. In this sutra, there are three short poems that exemplify three stages of enlightenment. The first poem was written by the head monk at the time, Shen Hsiu, who was the most learned, and wrote the following:
The body is the Bodhi-tree,
The mind a mirror bright;
Carefully we must clean it,
And let no dust alight.
The poem was praised, but The Fifth Patriarch knew that Shen Hsiu had only achieved an early stage of enlightenment. On the other hand, Hui Neng, a lowly monk who couldn't even write, had someone write down his poem, which read:
There is no Bodhi tree.
Nor stand of mirror bright.
Since everything is void,
Where can the dust alight?
This signified that the truth path to enlightenment is actually beyond everything I've just talked about, and sounds terribly like what Dan was saying. But an even more interesting poem is the final one written by the Fifth Patriarch and delivered to Hui Neng, as he escaped from jealous, well-armed students of Zen:
Sentient beings who sow the seeds of enlightenment
In the field of Causation will reap the fruit of Buddhahood.
Inanimate objects void of Buddha-nature
Sow not and reap not.
For myself, the particular path that I've settled on is called Taoism, but it's really more of a mishmash of various pursuits – Tai Chi, meditation, Ch'an Buddhism, devotional work, and an attempt to seek penetrating wisdom that cuts through all the spiritual bullshit, including my own. For me, there is wisdom in following an integrated approach that balances the physical, emotional, mental and spiritual paths to enlightenment… before specializing and going for that advanced degree. I believe that it's difficult to achieve emotional enlightenment, when your hormones and endocrine system are raging a battle, so the system I've learned from some very quiet Taoist and Buddhist teachers, combines a kind of acupuncture/wholebody approach first balancing the body/mind/emotions, then strengthening, then hopefully, "sowing the seeds of enlightenment in the field of Causation". That last step, as my teacher explained to me, is sort of like explaining the Nobel Prize to a second grader. So I agree with Russ that words are of limited usefulness in communication, but you know, that's pretty much all we have. What's more important is that the words and images we do use to describe the sublime… are beautiful. When I read the Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch the first time, when I was all of 17, I cried for an hour and it felt like coming home.
Anyway, to start summing it up, I was told a great story by one of my teachers, about the butcher who met the Buddha, that could shed some light on the nature of Buddhahood. The butcher listened to the Buddha's lecture about karma, and asked how he, a butcher who had taken so much life, could ever achieve enlightenment and Buddhahood. The Buddha responded, "the moment you drop the killing knife, you become the Buddha." What this meant is that enlightenment is that every moment commitment to devote our lives to achieving Buddhahood, and everything that means. For me, it means every day Zen. Did I meditate today? Did I read something transcendental? Did I create something beautiful? Did I ease some suffering somewhere? Did I see through some of my own illusory mindclutter? Is what I've learned liberating, or just more baggage?
© Moses Ma 2005. All Rights Reserved.