Carcassonne is a boardgame that is different every time you play it. You start with one tile in the middle of the playing area and then on your turn you turn over a tile and place it. you have to place the tile appropriately. For example you have to have the roads going the same way. You build your map this way. You build roads, farms, cities. You have markers you place in these areas as you build your map. You can't place a marker if somebody else is already there. So you have to find a back way in to their city to share the victory points or you can take over the city if you can place more markers than your opponent. You also score points for having farmers in the fields and finishing roads.
This game took a little longer than some to understand but once you get the hang of it you will play it over and over. Every game is different as you build the map different everytime. There are also expansions that are available to add the gameplay.
Take Over The French City Of Carcassonne!


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You are here: Home / News Archive / Legal aid cuts could hit disabled people harder, say MPs
Legal aid cuts could hit disabled people harder, say MPs
By guest on 4th March 2011 Category: News Archive
Disabled people could be hit "disproportionately" hard by the government's planned cuts to legal aid, according to a committee of MPs.
A report by the justice select committee says the evidence it received during its inquiry into the planned reforms to the legal aid system suggests that disabled people and other "vulnerable" groups could be "disproportionately hit by the changes".
The committee's report adds: "If this were to happen it would sit uneasily with the Government's commitment to protect the most vulnerable in society."
The government plans to cut an estimated £350 million a year from the £2 billion legal aid budget for England and Wales by 2014-15.
Among the areas where eligibility for legal aid is set to be removed are legal advice on benefits and less serious housing and debt issues.
But the committee's report says it is "concerned that the ability of the most vulnerable people to present their cases will be weakened because they will not have had help and advice in preparing them".
It adds: "This could deny justice to the individuals concerned and increase the time and expense necessary to deal with the case at tribunal."
The committee said the changes have caused "serious concerns" among the providers of legal aid services and other organisations.
Citizens Advice has estimated that for every £1 of legal aid spent on benefits advice, the state potentially saves £8.80, for example in tribunal, housing and NHS costs.
AdviceUK – which supports free, independent advice centres – told the committee that one of its member organisations estimated that half of its clients had "physical health difficulties" with nearly half having "mental health difficulties", while another member said 70 per cent of its welfare benefits clients were disabled people.
The government has admitted it does not know what impact the changes will have on disabled people and black and minority ethnic groups because of "information gaps".
The government wants voluntary organisations to provide services in place of legally-aided support, but "many of the organisations concerned have said they will not have the funding to do so", the committee's report says.
One way to make legal aid savings would be to force the Department for Work and Pensions to pay a fine when its "poor decision-making" on benefits claims leads to large numbers of successful appeals, the report suggests.
Sir Alan Beith, the Liberal Democrat chair of the committee, said there was "cross-party consensus on the need to reduce the cost of the legal aid budget", but he added: "Concerns remain, however, that there is the potential for vulnerable groups of people to be disproportionately hit by the changes."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Four-Faith 2013 annual conference and awards ceremony was held in Xiamen headquarters in Jan 19. Four-Faith employees and their families attended the meeting.
The annual conference invited the field of HR management expert Dr. Wangqiang as a guest host, vice general manager Chen Jiewen, distinguished lecturer and HR management expert Tu Manzhang, Ye Yilin pastor all made their speeches.
Thanks to the mentors gave us great speeches through their wisdom.
In the year of 2013, Four-Faith made great efforts. Our guest host passionately announced excellent staff list, praised their contribution in their job. All staffs also offered warmly applause.
Four-Faith staffs brought different performances.
Four-Faith Communication has always been side by side with customers to jointly move forward, because each client was our brothers!
Exciting sweepstakes made the dinner party surrounded by the music, applause and cheers.
Birthday activity pushed the atmosphere to the high point.
In the year of 2014, Four-Faith will embrace the wisdom transformation, build a new era, a new architecture. Strengthen product development and marketing as the core of team building, and gradually establish product management processes and systems to improve the flow of information within and outside the enterprise management level. With integrity, trust, faith, belief, to create a better tomorrow. Sincerely wish all partners and all my colleagues: happy new year!


Six Lessons I Learned About The Job Interview Process.
After being unemployed for almost five months, I had my fair share of interviews and it was incredibly frustrating because I simply wanted a job, and I kept getting so close but just missing out on the opportunity or sometimes, it wasn't the right fit. In today's post, I'm going to share what I think are my best tips in order to come across the best in a job interview and throughout the looking-for-a-job process.
At first, I thought this was the most obvious advice but I have heard quite a few stories of interviewees going into job interviews with their possible employer, and when asked "What do you know about our organisation?" They have simply said, "Only what's on your website." As respect to not only yourself, but to your potential employer, you should do your research. They have probably filed through dozens, if not hundreds of people to offer you an interview, and for you not to do your research; that opportunity could have been given to someone else. Even if you don't understand what the company does, you could say that you have looked online and conducted research, but you would like a better understanding of what they do. That shows that you are interested in learning more.
Ask at least one question at the end.
Asking a question at the end of the interview is advice I got constantly, from people in real-life to online resources and when you put it into practice, you can see why. Your interviewer hasn't necessarily have a wall built up because there's a change when you turn the tables on them. You don't have to ask anything complicated nor should you make it completely personal but I think it's important to ask something which is relevant to the company. I prefer to ask "What do you like about working here?", "Where would you like to see the company in five years?" or "Is there anything on my CV you would like to ask me about?" This also gives you a little break towards the end, to take a breath and breathe, because interviews are nerve-wrecking and it's nice to have that little moment of space while they're answering YOUR questions.
Dressing appropriately can be a tricky one sometimes because if it's smart casual; it's easier for men (I believe) than women. I'm not saying you have to go out and buy yourself a brand new wardrobe but dressing appropriately for the job you have applied for, will come across to the employer that you are taking an interest. I wouldn't turn up in a pair of trainers and tracksuit bottoms but I'm not going to turn up in a pair of heels that I can't walk in either, in order to seem professional because it might have the opposite effect.
Bring your experience into your answers.
You can Google as much as you like about a certain job role, but if you can't describe on how you would either handle a certain situation or how you have tackled a similar situation before, it can be hard to persuade employers. They're looking for experience and I know it's tough if you don't have any but you can usually think of something in your life where you have been in charge. For example, if you're coming out of school and straight into a job, you can use your role in a team for coursework to talk about the strengths and weaknesses of being in a group and how you would handle it differently next time. If you volunteer, you can talk about some of the issues that can come up during this, or if you're coming from another role, you can talk about taking on the responsibilities in that job and how you were able to take control.
I remember some of my first interviews and while I don't think I necessarily did a bad job at presenting myself, I know the reason why I wasn't at the top of their list. I was too tense; I was too concentrated on the answers I was giving and I didn't give myself time to think about the answers. I constantly had a dry throat and one time I was so nervous, I had the bottle of water poured into the cup before the interviewers even said "There is water there for you if you need it". You can bet, I felt really embarrassed at that moment. I was starting to get through to the interview stage more and more so that enabled me to feel better about going in each time; it helped that I had a really nicely presented CV that was colourful but not too over the top, I wanted it to reflect my personality. In my interests, I wrote (amongst others things) "eating vegan pancakes" and "drinking all the tea"; now that might not be appropriate for certain jobs but I wasn't applying to be a doctor or a lawyer so I felt that was suitable. You can be qualified for a role but companies most of the time are also looking for someone who is going to fit into their work environment and be a team player so by showing your personality in a really fun but professional way, I believe it helps in a big way.
Having standards for yourself is something that can be quite hard to balance out especially if you are unemployed and you simply want a job. A problem I had when I was going through this stage, and my boyfriend disagreed with me at the time, was my standards. Now, I'm not saying that I was looking for all the money in the world and thinking I deserved that, because that wasn't the case. It came down to money and while you might think (and my boyfriend even said this) "I don't think you're in the position to be picky about a job when you don't have one" Fair enough point absolutely but I'm not willing to work for less than what I know I'm worth. I'll give you an example; there was a job interview I went to that wasn't very close to where I live so it would require four buses a day so instantly, I was thinking about the commute time and knowing how the Northern Ireland public transport system works, sometimes it's not on time so you have to factor that in. Another thing was that is was minimum wage; now let me say that I don't think there is anything wrong with minimum wage but my previous job was higher than the minimum and I also had to think of how I would survive on that. I have my own house which is rented so I have to pay someone each month, I have bills to pay, I have a little kitty to feed as well as myself and I also have to take care of other things around the house. Minimum wage wasn't going to cover me and at the time, my boyfriend said "it can be something until you get a permanent job" and yes, that's a perfectly fine point but why would I waste my employers time and more importantly, my own time training up for a job that I wasn't planning on staying at for less than I could afford and adding in transport costs to that too. It didn't make sense to me, and Scott disagreed with me greatly on this, but now I'm glad I stood my ground with my point.
Would you agree with me? What would you advice others to do in a job interview? Let me know either on my Twitter, my Instagram or let me know down below! Thank you so much for reading, I really do appreciate it!
Four Mindset Changes To Help You Get Back On Track.
Writing your first post after almost six weeks definitely feels strange but I'm glad to be back at it. If you have been following me on Instagram or even reading my previous posts, you'll know that I had an incredible trip away to New York and Toronto but during this time, I chose not to blog and even when I came back, I took a scheduled break. Today's post is Part One (of two) about how I'm changing my mindset to get back on track and while I took a break from the blog, this topic isn't specific to that; this is more on a day-to-day life aspect.
Yes, you read that right; from the guilt queen herself, recognize that you shouldn't feel guilty. For me, only up until recently, it was hard for me not to feel guilty about anything but it gets pretty exhausting carrying that around all the time. For the majority of the time, I try my best and sometimes it's the right thing and sometimes it's the wrong thing. I'll give you an example; when we were away, I'd say our food was a really good balance of healthy and indulgent but not once on our trip did I think "I shouldn't be eating this" which is a huge step for me, because it was important for me to enjoy every moment when I was there. I didn't want to carry food guilt when I was trying to enjoy myself, and I think that's understandable for a lot of people. There's also so many activities that we didn't get to do but I know that I have to understand that there was no way I was going to fit in everything I wanted to do, without feeling exhausted. I'm constantly reminding myself that I had an incredible trip that I never thought I would go on and I'm so grateful for that opportunity that I refuse to let myself feel annoyed about places or activities we didn't get to see, because we did get to experience so much.
We all know that in order to progress in life or move forward day-to-day, we have priorities and everyone is different. Some have career focused goals that need more specific priorities than someone who is training for a gym competition. For me, I wanted to focus on two; getting my food back on track and exercising on a more consistent basis. The holiday was absolutely perfect for exercising because we were walking around 25,000 steps a day so we were constantly moving but it showed me that I hadn't been on top of my game with exercise back home. It was the same with food; we treated ourselves when we were away but I wasn't preparing food as well as I should have for my work lunches before that and I was using too many single use plastic options for those "lazy" days in work and I wanted to stop that.
One of the biggest mistakes we all make is rushing into new things especially new habits and when we rush, we fail to give ourselves enough time to fit our new habit into our lives. We want it to be perfect right from the get-go no matter what habit we want to implement but unfortunately when we have that attitude and something goes wrong a day or even a week in, we're discouraged instantly. That's why we have to start slow and making sure consistency is key, rather than putting pressure on ourselves to live this perfect life change from the get-go. For example, as much as I would have loved back into a super focused gym routine six days a week and have every meal planned out; that wouldn't have worked for a number of reasons. 1) That's too much too fast and it's much easier to commit to the gym or an exercise two or three times a week and build from there. 2) Planning out every meal sounds like an absolute dream but you have to remember that life happens, so planning out your breakfast and lunch still gives you that stability and having dinner be more spontaneous, still lets you let go of that control just enough. 3) Does taking on too much after a break not add extra pressure to your plate? Is it better to feel extra pressure or is it better to take your time and be able to navigate your lifestyle change easier?
I'm more aware than anyone when it comes to setting goals because I used to be a chronic goal-setter but that sometimes held me back but while I would set all these goals, I wouldn't have a plan in place to go through with them. Failure is essentially my fear and I always felt I had failed if I didn't do something I had planned out as a goal. With years of knowledge, I know that the goal isn't the be-all-end-all, it's more to do with the step-by-step plan that you put in place to get to the end. For meal prep, I know I need to have a specific shopping list of ingredients, I also know that I need to plan out at least two hours of cooking time (including chopping) and I know I need a container to put the bulk meal into. It's little easy steps like that that can help or hind your progress.
In order to explain more in-depth about what I've been doing since I got back, I'll write more about that in my next post to give you an example or two because this is part of my two-month goals essentially. At the start of the year, I explained that I was changing from three month goals to two months, but I missed March completely because I didn't want the pressure of having a "goal" while we were away and I knew that April was my "getting back on track" month and that's why I thought this two-parter would be a fantastic way to reflect that.
Do you have any tips for getting back on track that you think I should know about? Let me know! I'm over on Twitter and Instagram but if you love blog comments, you can find them down below too. Thank you so much for reading today's blog post, I really do appreciate it!
The New York and Toronto Series: Running Races, Routes and Clubs.
It wouldn't be a post from me if I didn't talk about running, right? Well that's what I'm focusing on for today's post and what our plans are for this trip.
Our first (of two) races is happening in New York quite close to where we are staying. It's around Riverside Park, which from my research, is stunning so I can't wait to run around it.
We're missing the New York Half Marathon because we're in Toronto the day it is happening so we thought it would be quite nice to see if there were any other races on during that time instead. It might be a blessing in disguise because I don't know if I could train for a half marathon in that amount of time, it would be very stressful.
We would be severely missing out if we went to Central Park and didn't run around it right? This is the one that I'm most excited about because until I started researching, I didn't realise how big the park itself was but I would say we'll be getting around the park more than once.
As a non-local, I'm slightly worried about running on the city streets because I won't be able to gauge the traffic like I can do in Belfast so that's why I'm looking for more pedestrian and greenway routes to run on instead. Going over both bridges totals up to almost four miles so I can see that as one of our very early morning runs where the city is a little quieter.
Neither Scott or I are part of a running club (yet) but we wanted to try and get involved in either a running tour or a running club at least once we are away and I think I found the perfect one. They meet up at 10am and run between 2-10 miles and there's no pressure to do the 10. It's about an hour walk away from our hotel but I'm sure we'll be able to get there via public transport if we don't fancy a long walk.
While most people will be out on St. Patrick's Day with a drink, the only drink I'll be having is when I cross that finish line and guzzle my water down. I don't really celebrate St Patrick's Day; just with the way I grew up, it was something that we never focused on but considering we're going to be in a different city with their own celebrations, I feel like it would be a shame to miss out on all the fun. There's also a kids 1K and a 10K too but we decided to take part in the 5K this time around.
Now, it's a little further away from the hotel than we would like but it sounds (and looks) like such a beautiful park. Thankfully, we can jump on the train to get there in less time and with the park being around 3.2 miles, it's the perfect distance for us if we want a new 5K to try out.
I found a running club in Toronto that mainly trains at night. As someone who finds that she runs much better at night than in the morning, I'm interested to look more into this and connect with the group to see if this is something I can take part in, even just once.
I don't want to plan out too many runs because we have so many things we want to do and see but these are just a few locations where I would absolutely love to go.
Have I missed out any must-do runs? Please let me know either over on Instagram or Twitter and again, thank you so much for reading!
The New York and Toronto Series: Activities in Toronto.
While this won't be the last post in this series, this will be the last post about what sightseeing adventures and activities we would like to do in both cities. Today I'm talking about activities in Toronto.
Okay, this post is technically a cheat because Whitney and I (but it was more Whitney because she is MUCH better at this) have planned out the majority of our trip but I wanted to write about what we have planned so far and possibly sneak an activity or two in, depending on the time.
As always, if you can think of anything else that is an absolute must-see, please let me know either on Twitter or Instagram. Thank you so much for taking the time out to read my post, I appreciate it so much.
Testing Out Six Tidying and Decluttering Methods.
It's been the talk of the town recently; today's post is all about decluttering and general organisation. It's something that I've made a goal around so I thought it would be the perfect time to test out different methods and find out what works for me.
If you read my "New Year's Resolutions: January and February Goals" you'll know that one of my goals for the next two months is to develop a cleaning routine. This is something that is very important to me because while I have always been a messy person, I don't want to be. (It's got to the stage where my Mum has to come and help me with cleaning sometimes, which is really nice but I feel like I have failed because I asked for her help). I have learned that in order to have a clear mind, I need a clear space and the most important space to tackle first, is my bedroom.
How it works: it's what it says on the tin. You take ten minutes to organise and clean. It's as simple as that; you can monitor your time either by an alarm or a podcast that you know is the ten minute mark.
How did it go? A ten minute alarm comes by fast, I have learned and I also found it depends what you listen to. I found I was more focused with a podcast on in the background rather than music. I found this method much more useful in the kitchen, bedroom or the bathroom because my daily clean ups are usually in these spaces and I'm trying to focus my energy on cleaning daily in these spaces.
Will I keep it up? 100%. It was amazingly helpful, much more helpful than I thought it ever would be and more of the time, I found that I tended to set another alarm after the first one went off and that can only be a good sign.
How it works: Your three MIT's are your most important tasks for that day. This can be used for any aspect of your day whether that's appointments or work tasks but we're going to use it for cleaning specifically.
How did it go? I found this one quite difficult simply based on priortising how important each little mess was to me. I picked three areas to focus on each day but I'm not sure if they were the most important tasks. For daily or every other day tasks, this isn't ideal but I would say if you're doing a massive clean, then this is much better for you.
Will I keep it up? I feel like this is an overall organisation technique for the house and not including your daily or every other day tasks, then I think it works perfectly. I will keep it up but I know that it will require a little more knowledge on each individual task and how often I need to keep up with it, then I can write this list out.
How it works: You set four boxes out in front of you; throw out, give away, relocate and sell. They can be any sized boxes that you have but preferably keep them all the same size as each other.
How did it go? I used my IKEA boxes for this because I had different coloured ones so it's easy to lay out what I was going to do with each one. I found this was a very effective method because of the visualisation; I was clearly able to see how much I had in each box and mentally, I felt like I was moving somewhere.
Will I keep it up? Simply because of how easy it was to see what box was what based on the colours, I will definitely be using this method more often. It didn't seem like a chore when I done it this way and that's how I want cleaning to feel, not as a chore.
How it works: Marie Kondo has various different methods in her routine but we're going to concentrate on one for the mean time. We'll use clothes as an example; you bring in every single item of clothing from everywhere in your house and place it in the same room. From there, you sort through what sparks joy (meaning you would like to keep it) and what doesn't spark joy (which means you either donate it or throw it out). If you aren't keeping it, you thank the item for giving you joy during a past time and then you let it go.
How did it go? I didn't get through this method at all, not even close because for me, it's very overwhelming. I did try my best with it but even trying to find all my clothes seemed like an impossible task.
Will I keep it up? I'm definitely going to try this again sometime but I don't think I will start from the beginning like Marie suggests. If I choose a certain genre that appeals to me the most, I feel like I would be more connected to continuing with the method.
How it works: This method is simply finding 12 items to give away, 12 items to throw away and 12 items to relocate to another space in your home.
How did it go? My favourite method by far! This is going to sound realy cliché but it's like a game to try and get everything to 12 and it didn't take too long after. I struggle with putting things away to tidy them up so I would say I didn't like that part but this was the easiest method and the one I enjoyed the most.
Will I keep it up? Absolutely! I found it to be the most effective method to use in my bedroom or the spare room but I wasn't able to do it in the kitchen or the living room because I already have limited items in there.
How it works: This is another method that is quite self-explanatory; each day you either donate or throw away one thing.
How did it go? Because it's only one item per day, I feel like I didn't get anywhere fast. It was nice to know that I could find another item each day but it wasn't a very easy process for me.
Will I keep it up? I think it is perfect for someone who already has a clean home and is looking to minimise but not do it all at once. For me, it was a very slow method and if I only did this, it would take me years to clean my home.
The reason I chose six methods is because I could test out a method out over a few days and I know they are all not in balance but that's what I wanted to show. This challenge was for me but it's also to demonstrate that there are so many other methods that aren't all decluttering all at once. We don't all live and breathe the same mess and it might be overwhelming to do Konmari just yet so the 12-12-12 might be a better fit.
Have you any other recommendations of what I could do to help me develop my cleaning routine further? I would absolutely love to hear about any video, books or blog post recommendations that you have. Let me know either in the comments below, over on my Twitter or my Instagram. Thank you so much for reading and I hope you have a great day!
The New York and Toronto Series: Sightseeing in Toronto.
As I said in the previous Toronto post, because we're not in the city for as long as we're in Canada, these lists aren't as bad and we don't expect to go to every single place but it would be a nice treat if we did.
I'll be asking Whitney and her husband more for sight-seeing and activities in the city because they have been there more and they know what's good and what's not so good but if you have any suggestions, please let me know and most importantly, thanks for reading today's post! I really do appreciate it.
My Yoganuary: Unlimited Yoga in January.
I have a special relationship with yoga. It's a practice that I used to do every week for a year and a half, but since then, I have been off and on with it for various reasons. I decided I wanted to change that, so today's post is focused on my month with trying different yoga practices.
As a Christmas present to Scott and I, I decided to buy us both an unlimited pass to one of the yoga studios near us, and because they had a fantastic offer on, it was a no-brainer. This particular yoga studio, Yoga Quarter, is based in Ballyhackamore in East Belfast. We had been twice for free classes and we loved everything about it. Neither Scott or I had really never practiced in a yoga studio before so it was certainly a nice change for us. As soon as I seen the offer pop up, I knew it would be the perfect place for us to try.
We wanted to try and squeeze in as many sessions as we could and try as many classes as we could so on average, we were able to attend three classes a week. While it might be close to home by car, it still takes about twenty minutes to get there so taking into consideration other activities we do, we knew that three times a week would be perfect for us.
Having never practiced yoga in the heat, I was nervous because I had no idea what to expect. I had visions of sweat dripping everywhere and slipping all over the place but thankfully the reality was nothing like that. It was still a very hard workout the first time we went and I lost some confidence in my yoga ability but I think I was being too hard on myself considering it was my first time. This was one of our free classes as a matter of fact and even though we found it difficult, we knew we needed to go back.
There are actually two different classes we decided to try; one was using 26&2 method and the other was heated vinyasa. 26&2 was the free class we had tried previously and it uses twenty-six yoga poses, hence the name. It's a faster paced class and I found it hard to keep up at times, which stressed me out. However, especially when it comes to yoga, it's so important to take it at your own pace because once you realise it's not a competition to be the fastest to get into the next pose, you enjoy the experience a lot more.
The heated vinyasa was more my cup of tea simply because I felt like it was a much slower class and I know once I become more advanced, the first heated class will be a breeze at some point. This particular class however didn't feel as warm and it was much more flowing; for me, I still struggle from flowing from one move to the other but I can see myself improving.
This class is one that I feel like a lot of people will know and love. We wanted to try out a range of different classes but I knew that I still wanted to improve on the types of classes I had been to before.
If you told me there was a class that held the poses longer than usual, I probably would have told you that that's really not for me but I couldn't have been more wrong. Depending on what pose it is, I tend to have hard time with anything that has my knees on the floor. I don't know why but my knees don't like the pressure that is being put on them so I tend to struggle with that. I have found that with the long poses, I can see my strength lasting longer and while it might only be a few seconds longer, I can see that progression in just under a month.
What better way to start a Sunday afternoon than heading to a mellow yoga class? It's a very relaxing class focused on that rest day vibe that enough of us don't take heed of. However, it wasn't an easy class, it might be relaxed but it wasn't easy. It focused a lot on stretching and because I don't have the greatest balance, I have to concentrate more on those moves. I really enjoyed it though and it's the perfect class to get your body starting to move for the day.
Now, while it's not standard yoga, the form and postures are still there and pilates is something I have wanted to try for quite a long time now and I absolutely love it now. It's tough and it's definitely a workout but it's such a great addition to my Friday mornings before starting the final work day of the week. I'm certainly still practicing the basic poses and forms but that's still pushing me past my comfort zone so I know that I'm doing something right.
So what have I taken away from this month of yoga?
When they say consistency is key, they really mean it. I have seen real improvement over the last month and I believe that between the difference in classes and making sure we schedule out time to go, has made such a huge impact.
I've always been the type of person to try and do the same thing over and over again in order to get it perfect eventually. Doing different practices has made me realise that I don't' crave that same old routine and I actually don't mind switching it up every once in a while. Overtime, I will be able to decide what do I want to take further and what do I want to pause on but I don't think I'm there yet.
As I said above, sometimes it's hard not to look at the people in front of you or beside you and try to get to their level. Comparison is not necessarily something we should be doing but it's a normal behaviour that most of us do without even realising it and I've found I do it more than I like when I'm in yoga class. It's something that I will have to work on myself and it will take time but I start to use it as motivation to get better at certain poses. I don't think all comparison is a bad thing, it just depends where your mindset is with it.
We're still planning on continuing with our yoga practice, just not three times a week. We're hoping to keep it up twice a week but switch it up with a new class each week. It's been really nice to do this along with Scott because we've been able to talk about it afterwards with what we've struggled with and we've been able to give each other advice too.
If you're local in Belfast and fancy having a look at the Yoga Quarter, you can find them on Facebook and Instagram. As a disclaimer, this isn't a sponsored post and I haven't been asked to do this, I just wanted to spread the love to a local yoga studio who I have started the New Year with.


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Michalis Nikiforakis carries out a long-lasting promise. To outline with light the image of 'LYCHNOSTATIS'. He concentrates on his theme, by blaring his look right and left, like a sprint runner who keeps his eyes on the line. His eye becomes a filter, vaporizes the light, winnows the feeling. Within the frame he fits the inner frame. As if he tries with his camera to spot in the image whatever is trying to remain unspotted. Blow-up, our look plays "hide-and-seek".
Photography Exhibition "Images of disappearing Crafts & Occupations "
Group Photography Exhibition "Images of disappearing Crafts & Occupations " consisting of 100 photos is open to the public in the Museum's Hall "O. Elytis". Photographic material derived from the archives of the newspaper "Haniotika Nea", of the photographers Fanis Manousakis, John Papadakis, Stavros Psyllakis and the Cultural Society of Crete, together with photos by 52 photographers from all parts of Greece, present vividly the crafts and occupations of the past. The exhibition has been hosted last year in Chania by the Cultural Society of Crete and aroused great interest from the locals and tourists.
The director of the Museum LYCHNOSTATIS, Yiannis Markakis, participated as a lecturer in the educational seminar, organized by the National Centre of Public and Municipal Administration at Heraklion in 17th June.
The theme of the seminar was: "Public Administration & Administration of cultural affairs", addressed to civil officers of cultural and public sector.
The director of the Museum explored the theme: "Museum as an organiser of cultural events and fund-raiser in the European level".
The poet and Museum's director Yiannis Markakis participated in the theme evening "Fairytale, Myth and Folk poetry : The forgotten paths"which took place in Athens under the organization of the Center Artists' Expression "Mairivi", and the Center of studies of Myths and Fairytales.
On the theme evening participated also the writer Paulina Papoudi, Vasilis Gouroyiannis, and also the story-teller Stelios Pelasgos. Yiannis Markakis presented the interrelation between Cretan folk poetry and modern poetry as well as their presentation on the collections of the Museum 'LYCHNOSTATIS'.
"Dancing with the bees"and "Carving the Darkness"which have been designed and applied during the years 2003-2006.
The director of the Museum LYCHNOSTATIS participated in the workshop for Cultural Inherence from the Islands, organized by the European Museum Forum and the International Commitee of Islands, INSULA, working under the flag of UNESCO. Other participants of the workshop were teachers from universities, directors and museum staff from six different countries (France, Italy, England, The Netherlands, Cyprus and Greece).
The workshop had as goal to compare the differences and similarities of the cultural inherences of the islands on European ground, but also to establish a network of cooperation between Museums and cultural organizations of the islands.
A concert dedicated to Manos Hatzidakis by the choire of the Cultural Centre of Hersonisos Municipality directed by Efi Betoulaki.
documentation program of oral tradition.
".I KNOCK AT THE WORDS AND THEY DON'T OPEN ME."
"LYCHNOSTATIS "young poets from Crete will present their poem-collection.
Photos : Zachariah Katsakos, Jiannis Idomeneos.
At the congress, which takes place in the municipal centre of Sitia in 18th -19th August, the Cretan Open - air Museum "LYCHNOSTATIS"has presented the theme "Cretan folk poetry & Mandinada as an annotation form memorandum in the expositions of the Cretan Museums "( 19/8 ,10.20 am). The central theme of the congress is "The Cretan Poems (Mandinades) and rhymes from Kornaros until Fragoulis ".The conference is organised by the Centre of Cretan Literature together with the Cultural Centre of Sitia Municipality.
Fig feast - "LET'S CALL THE FIGS...FIGS"
In the context of the cultural events of Hersonisos Municipality the Association of Friends of the Open - air Museum "LYCHNOSTATIS"organized a "Fig Feast"on Saturday 5th August on 7.00 am in the Museum "LYCHNOSTATIS"in Hersonissos.
"Let's call the figs ..figs." (Literature about the fig, the first fruit in the history of humanity). The event ended with Cretan poems (Mandinades) of the members of the Committee of Friends of Kostis Fragoulis.
The event closed with music of the violist Vangelis Vardakis, one of the most important artists in his interpretation of the music of Stratis Kalogeridis.
The Open - Air Museum "LYCHNOSTATIS"participated in the events, organised, from 25/7/06 until 29/7/06, by the Organization of Lyceum of Greek Women in Heraklion with the cooperation of Cultural Centre Ethnarchis Makarios C΄ of Cyprus. The congress was organised in the context of the program "Crete and Cyprus in place and time ".
The director of the Open - Air Museum "LYCHNOSTATIS" Yannis Markakis presented his project with title "Traditional arts and professions: a modern look in old ways"in the Byzantine Church of Saint Markos.
SECOND EXHIBITION "VIEW ON CRETAN TRADITION "
The Museum LYCHNOSTATIS participated in the second exhibition "View on Cretan Tradition ", organized by the Council of Heraklion Province. The exhibition took place in the international exhibition centre of Gournes in Heraklion, 12 - 17 July 2006.
The director of the Museum LYCHNOSTATIS, Yannis Markakis, participated as a lecturer in the educational seminar, organized by the National Centre of Public and Municipal Administration at Heraklion in 30th June.
The theme of the congress was: "Museum and Local community", addressed to professionals of cultural and educational sectors.
The director of the Museum explored the theme: "Museums and local community: stimulating the community".
The Open - Air Museum "LYCHNOSTATIS", participated in the third congress of Museology with theme "Audiovisual media as cultural inheritance and it's use for the Museums ". The congress took place in the Aegean University in Mitilini, from 5 - 8 June 2006.
In the context of the congress the international committee AVICOM -ICOM organised the annually festival of Audiovisual Equipment in the Museums. The director of the Open - Air Museum LYCHNOSTATIS presented the C.D.ROM "Technology yes, Tradition necessary ".
INTERNATIONAL MUSEUM DAY - "Museums and Young Generation "
The Cretan open - Air Museum "LYCHNOSTATIS"participated for the 5th consecutive year in the celebration of the International Museum Day -organised by the National Hellenic Committee of ICOM - under the central theme "Museums and Young Generation"applying a new educational program "The Colours and their deeds".
The program, "The Colours and their deeds", was first applied in 18 May 2006, with the students of the 46th Elementary School of Heraklion in the Museum gardens.
The program was planed and materialised by the Educational department of the Museum in cooperation with the Museum pedagogue Chrisoula Chalabalaki and the painter Manolis Frankiadakis as well as the founder of the Folklore Museum in Sitia, Eleni Anipsitaki - Daouraki.
The Friends' Association of the Museum "LYCHNOSTATIS" and the Municipality of Hersonisos organize a Christmas evening with the story-teller Stelios Pelasgos and members of the Center for the Entertainment of Old People of Hersonisos. The event is taking place at the Cultural Center of the Parish of Hersonisos.
"Accessibility - Educational Programs for Impaired People"
"Cultural Policies of the European Union"
At the Seminar for the training of the staff of the Ministry of Culture which takes place in Athens for four days and is organized by the National Center of Public Administration, Yiannis Markakis develops the subject "Cultural Policies of the European Union".
1st National Conference for the Folk Culture of Crete "Localities: Αντιστάσεις, Changes, Mixes"
The founders of the Museum George and John Markakis make their announement "The Cretan rime (mantinada) as texts for the interpretation of the museum's exhibits" at the 1st National Conference for the Folk Culture of Crete "Localities: Αντιστάσεις, Changes, Mixes". At the conference, which is taking place at Hania by the Historic, Folk and Archaeological Corporation of Crete and the University of Thessalia, the Head of the Museum's Department of Educational Programs Mary Baritaki makes the announcement "The childrens' understanding of the Folk Culture".
and donors of the Museum Eleni Anipsitaki-Daouraki and Nikos Garefallakis for their long contribution and scriptive work. The event is taking place at the municipal hall of Iraklion, "Androgeo".
"Cultural Heritage & Local Development- the role of the Museums"
Yiannis Markakis represents Greece at the International Conference of the International Council of Regional Museums ( ICR ) "Museums and Local Development". The subject of his announcement is "Cultural Heritage & Local Development- the role of the Museums". The conference is taking place in Merida, Mexico and is organized by the International Council of Museums (ICOM ).
Implementation of the New Educational Programs and Activities of the Museum «Life is the essence, and Nature is the reason» and «Fair with the bees» with members of the Center for the treatment of Addicted People of Rafina «Paremvasis» and the Center for Children with mental Disabilities "ZOODOHOS PIGI". These activities are taking place in the frame of the initiative "Volunteerism and Environmental Protection", an initiative which is 50% financed by the Ministry of Space's Arrangement and Public Constructions. They are implemented by the Association of the Museum's Friends in cooperation with other public institutions.
The director of the Museum Yiannis Markakis and member of the administrative council of ICR participates at the annual meeting at Nesbyen, Norway for the preparation of the activities of the International Council of Regional Museums for the year 2003.
At the 1st National Symposium «Preparation and production of educational material for environmental education» the representative of the museum Yiannis Markakis organizes a workshop with the subject «The costal lilium returns to the coast». The Symposium takes place at Piraeus and is organized by the University of Piraeus and the Institute for the Protection of the Environment and the Cultural Heritage.
The society of friends of Lychnostatis museum and the Thrace Shadow Theatre are organizing a performance of "Karagiozis" at the museum at 21:00 in the evening.
"LYCHNOSTATIS" is participating in the opening of the Centre for Drug Dependant Persons in Nea Alikarnassos.
The museum will display a selection of exhibits from local folk culture.
1st INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM on "TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION"
The influence of technological evolution in daily life & social structures in Europe in the last two centuries"
Y. Chlouverakis, Pharmacist, Hon. Member of the Friends Association of museum "Lychnostatis"
Fromm Annette, Museologist-Folkorist - U.S.A.


Nursing is one of the core functions of health care. There are many different types of nurses working in all fields of medicine. Most people don't know that nursing also involves a lot of qualifications, up to and including doctorate level. Nursing is rapidly becoming a highly advanced profession, as nurse practitioners move into the health care sector and begin providing additional services in their many areas of expertise.
All aspects of nursing careers are based on formal qualifications. Basic training for nurses is usually conducted at a nursing college, including some practical work and a lot of classroom work. To be able to work as a nurse it is necessary as a series of exams and meet the related licensing requirements of national and/or state laws.
Note: In many forms of nursing ongoing education is a requirement of licensure.
In addition to these qualifications are multiple areas of specialization, usually targeted qualifications in relation to career goals.
Generally the most common type of career progression in nursing is a progression from general nursing to specialization. Choice of career progression can be affected by employment, with nurses choosing promotional career progression goals.
Alternatively, many nurses start their careers with definite career goals, and manage their qualifications and employment accordingly. This is the common methodology for the most highly qualified nurses like nurse practitioners and doctorate and researcher-level nurses.
Career progression can be a pretty bumpy ride for nurses. The health sector is one of the most volatile of all areas of employment. It's estimated that in the United States 30% of the workforce is either on the move or considering an employment move at any given time. Employment conditions can vary considerably, particularly in the hospital sector, where extremely high workloads are very common. Specialization provides many career options, but also involves working in a smaller employment demographic, meaning job opportunities may be fewer and spread over a wider area of locations.
Advanced nursing, however, is also changing the employment paradigms for nurses. Nurse practitioners are able to operate their own practices, providing more services and more flexibility regarding career progression choices in their chosen fields. This is the nursing of the future, and it's the likely scenario for future nursing careers.
Nursing really is a career for highly motivated people. Dedication in this profession is not a cliche, it's a necessity.
Nursing can be very hard work indeed. Most nurses work shift hours, and in some cases may have to fill in for other people's shifts at short notice.
Nursing involves working with very sick people. This is not a job for the fainthearted.
If you have the character, motivation, intelligence and stamina, nursing can be a particularly rewarding career choice.


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Lemon is one of those super foods with a myriad health and cosmetic benefits.
There are a few persons for whom it is an allergen, so make sure you are not allergic to this natural product, before you start enjoying the many benefits.
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2. Lemon is an antioxidant which deactivates the free radicals preventing many dangerous diseases like stroke, cardiovascular diseases and cancers.
3. Lemon lowers blood pressure and increases the levels of HDL (good cholesterol).
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5. Lemon juice is said to give a glow to the skin.
6. A few drops of lemon juice in hot water are believed to clear the digestive system and purify liver as well.
7. The skin of lemon dried under the sun and then ground to make powder can be applied to the hair for a few minutes before bath which relieves head ache and cools the body.
8. Applying lemon juice to acne dries the existing ones and prevents from getting more.
9. Lemon juice acts as a natural hair lightener and skin bleach which reduces the pigment melanin and prevents the risk of chemical allergic reactions which is common with hair dyes and bleaches.
10. Lemon juice is given to relieve gingivitis, stomatitis, and inflammation of the tongue.
11. Lemon juice is given to prevent common cold.
12. Lemon juice is given to prevent or treat urinary tract infection and gonorrhea.
13. Lemon juice is applied to the sites of bites and stings of certain insects to relieve its poison and pain.
14. Lemon juice relieves colic pain and gastric problems.
15. Lemon juice soothes the dry skin when applied with little glycerin.
16. Lemon juice used for marinating seafood or meat kills bacteria and other organisms present in them, thereby prevents many gastro-intestinal tract infections.
17. Lemon juice with a pinch of salt (warm) every morning lowers cholesterol levels and brings down your weight.
18. Lemon juice is the best drink to prevent dehydration and shock in case of diarrhea.
19. Lemon juice can also be used as a mouthwash. It removes plaque, whitens the teeth and strengthens the enamel.
20. A table spoon on thick lemon syrup everyday relieves asthma.
21. Lemon juice relieves chilblains and itchy skin.
22. Gargling lemon juice relieves throat infection and also used as a treatment for diphtheria.
23. Lemon juice is an excellent treatment for dandruff and greasy hair.
24. Lemon applied over the face removes wrinkles and keeps you young.
25. Lemon juice helps to prevent and cure osteoarthritis.
It whitens the skin and lemon juice can treat a person who is suffering from a cold, flu or fever. It helps to break fevers by increasing perspiration.
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text:
Аахенська марка () — розрахункова, а згодом грошова одиниця міста Аахена, яка карбувалася з 1615 по 1754 роки. У 1920-1923 роках під час гіперінфляції в Аахені виготовлялися металеві та паперові марки-нотгельди. У 2000 році у ФРН викарбували ювілейну монету з нагоди 1200-річчя завершення будівництва Карлом Великим Аахенського палацу.

Історія

25 грудня 800 року в Римі Папа Римський Лев III коронував франкійського короля Карла на імператора Священної Римської імперії. Наприкінці VIII — початку IX Карл Великий створив у вільному імперському місті римського престолу Аахені резиденцією римських імператорів, яких коронували довгий час до XVI століття. У 1531 році коронували останнього імператора Священної Римської імперії Карла V. У 1166 році у фортеці міста було засновано імперський монетний двір. Починаючи з XIII і до кінця XVIII століть карбувалися власні монети, а за одиницю визначення ваги слугувала кельнська марка. Перші монети для Аахена почали карбуватися за часів правління короля Франції Людовика IX (1226-1270) у місті Тур і мали назву торнезі, або торнезігріш (). Ці монети швидко поширювалися серед населення, оскільки задовольняли їхні торговельні потреби в першу чергу. Серед населення ця монета мала більш звичну назву — шилінг, або солід. Солід ділився на 20 денарів, які отримали назву торнезіпарві, або торнезінігрі () через червонуватий відтінок низькопробного срібла. Монети кращої якості називали альбусами (). Назву торнезі також використовували й сусідні європейські держави. Типовий аверс на всіх срібних аахенських монетах: бюст святого, або регента Аахену. Внизу карбувався герб міста на щиті. На реверсі монет, на початку Нового часу зображався великий хрест, згодом герб Аахену, або позначання номіналу. За часів імператора Священної Римської імперії Людовика IV (1328-1347) карбувалися монети з назвою стерлінги. Ці монети повністю наслідували англійські монети часів короля Едуарда I (1272-1307). Починаючи від 1373 року в обігу з'являються юнхайтгроші (). В Центральній та Західній Європі на цих монетах вперше карбувався рік виготовлення. У XIII—XV століттях, окрім перелічених монет, в обігу були пфеніги. В 1420 році в обігу з'явився галер. На перших галерах не карбувалося значення номіналу. На початку карбування монети виготовлялися з низькопробного срібла, а з 1573 року з міді. У 50-х роках XVIII століття новим штемпелем на деномінованих галерах карбувалося нове значення монети. Наприклад, знецінені 4 галери перекарбовувалися в 12 галерів. З 1790 року, під час французької окупації, Аахенський монетний двір втратив право на карбування власних монет, але галери продовжували карбуватися підпільно до 1797 року. У 1568 році в обіг був уведений таляр, який відповідав за дизайном та вмістом щирого срібла до європейського стандарту того часу. Карбувалися монети ¼, ½, 1 та 2 талери (названий дупельталером, або подвійним талером ()). У 1644 році було відкарбовано останній срібний талер. Для торгових операцій широко почали використовуватися золоті гульдени вагою 3,5 грами та з вмістом щирого золота 986 проби. В 1640 році золотий торговий гульден замінився на дукат з тим самим вмістом золота, та пробою.

Марка
Починаючи з XVI століття у Вільному імперському місті Аахен марка, на початку карбування монет, використовувалася здебільшого як розрахункова одиниця. У 1615 році були викарбувані перші 1 та 2 марки за часів правління імператора Священної Римської імперії Матвія. В різні часи карбувалися монети номіналами в 1, 2, 3, 4 та 6 марок. У середині XVIII століття марка втратила своє значення через низький вміст срібла в монетах. Останні марки карбувалися в 1754 році під час правління Франца І. У 1790 році під час французької окупації Аахен втратив свій статус вільного міста.

«Сліпий» відбиток

Термін «сліпий відбиток» () ввів німецький нумізмат . Цим терміном він схарактеризував стерті срібні монети, на яких надкарбовувався відтиск з новим значенням номіналу. Такі сліпі відтиски, без зазначеної на них дати, карбувалися в Аахені за часів імператора Священної Римської імперії Леопольда І (1658-1705). У 1656 році в Аахені сталася велика пожежа, яка призвела до занепаду міста. Імовірно, що такі монети карбувалися наспіх при вимушених обставинах. Відомі такі номінали «сліпих» монет: 1, 2, 3, 6 та 12 марок.

Збори або презентації радників
На початку XIII століття у північних землях Німеччини в підвалах будинків уряду почали будуватися , які швидко набули популярності серед членів уряду. Зазвичай члени ради надсилали свого «платіжоспроможнього радника» () для домовленості з торговцем щодо продовження зборів ради із кухлем вина після напруженої денної сесії. «Платіжоспроможні радники», мали підтвердити збори радників () і те, що у них вистачає «радних» грошей () для розрахунків за спожиту продукцію.

У конституції Аахена від 25 листопада 1450 року зазначалося у який спосіб регулювати проблеми радників. Зокрема в ньому згадувалось і про збори радників. У 1497 році в середньовічних документах вперше згадується про збори радників у місті Кельн. Також з історичних джерел відомо, що наприкінці XVI століття посадові особи міст отримували як компенсацію, так звані «бюлетені» () компенсації. У 1622 році в Аахені відбулися перші збори радників з метою обговорення бюлетенів, тобто яким чином розпоряджатися ними. Але в історії міста немає відомостей про засідання радників у повному складі. Велика рада Аахена складалася із 129 осіб, мала — з 41 члени ради. Якщо у винних кельнях і відбувалися збори, то у невеликій кількості радників.

В Аахені для таких закладів виготовлялися окремі грошові знаки з розрахунком однієї монети за кількість винної рідини. Наприклад, 1 літр вина коштував 1 монету номіналом у 8 марок. Для потреб на «збори радників» друкувалися купони (), та виготовлялися токени зі срібла та міді. Токени для потреб на «збори радників» карбувалися з 1597 по 1756 роки. До 1711 року значення номіналу на токенах не вказувалася. З 1711 року карбувалися токени номіналом у 8, 16 та 32 марки. Такий підхід був взаємовигідним як для споживача, так і для торговця. Винні токени відрізнялися від державних монет дизайном, легендою, але як і обігові монети за еталон на виготовлення срібних токенів слугувала кельнська марка. Токени-марки були відповідними за значенням до обігових марок, що не створювало перепон при обміні їх на обігові гроші торговцями.

Ануляція монет
У 1815 році після Віденського конгресу Королівство Пруссія анексувало Ааахен. В Аахені відбулася девальвація — аахенська валюта замінилася на пруську. Грошові знаки Аахена анулювалися штемпелем зі хрестоподібним відтиском на монеті та широким ободом по краю. Нині у музеї Боде, що у Берліні, зберігається 48 монет Аахена, з яких 14 монет зі слідами ануляції.

«Хлібні» марки

Починаючи з 1820-х років у Європі, зокрема в Німеччині, були сильні посухи. Серія неврожаїв, зокрема і через часті війни, створили кризові умови, безробіття та злидні на землях Німеччини. Серед населення стали поширюватися голод та епідемії тифу. Щоб якось уникнути голоду та захворювань тифом серед робітничого класу — місцевий уряд був змушений дати розпорядження на виготовлення ерзац-монет, так-званих «хлібних» марок () для придбання певної кількості зерна. У 1816-1817 та в 1847 «хлібні» марки карбувалися в . Згідно з конституційним законом про бідних від 20 червня 1871 року адміністративною комісією () було вирішено виготовляти продовольчі ерзац-монети і для Аахена.

Нотгельди

У 1918-1923, в період гіперінфляції в післявоєнній Веймарській республіці на німецьких землях, зокрема і в Аахені, карбувалися власні нотгельди. Цими монетами замінювали нестачу грошей, здебільшого дрібних номіналів. Нотгельди Аахена замовлялися у зовнішнього постачальника і мали різноманітність дизайнів. Так, наприклад, нотгельди номіналом в 10 (діаметр — 20,9 мм матеріал — картон, алюміній, залізо), 25 (Діаметр — 23,8 мм. Матеріал — залізо) пфенігів, а також 1 гріш (так званий «ринковий гріш», що отримав назву «жіночого гроша» (). Діаметр 20,9 мм. Матеріал — залізо), виготовлялися на торговій фірмі Gebr. Kugel & Fink у місті Люденшайді. 50 (Діаметр — 24-24,1 мм. Матеріал — залізо, томпак), 75 пфенігів (Діаметр — 25,5 мм. Матеріал — цинк, томпак), 2 (Діаметр — 24. Матеріал — латунь (жовтого та червоного кольору) та 3 (Діаметр — 25,5. Матеріал — латунь (жовтого та червоного кольору) марки виготовлялися на фірмі L. Chr. Lauer у Нюрнберзі. На всіх нотгельдах, виготовлених у Нюрнберзі, зображували німецького живописця та графіка  (1816-1859), що народився в Ахені

Банкноти періоду гіперінфляції

Починаючи від серпня 1921 року населення Німеччини почало скуповувати іноземну валюту, що лише пришвидшило знецінення марки. У першій половині 1922 року 320 марок дорівнювали 1 долару США, а в грудні курс долара виріс у 15 разів. Окрім того, знецінена марка втратила повністю купівельну властивість, створивши неможливі умови для купівлі іноземної валюти чи золота. У листопаді 1923 року 1 долар США коштував 4.210.500.000.000 марок.

Під час гіперінфляції в Аахені друкувалися банкноти:
 1922 рік: 500 марок;
 1923 рік: 5, 50, 100, 500 тисяч, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 мільйонів, 1, 100 мільярдів, 1 більйон марок;

Пам'ятні монети сучасності

 Номінал — 10 марок
 Серія — З нагодин 1200-річчя завершення будівництва Карлом Великим Аахенського палацу.
 Країна — ФРН
 Монетні двори — A, D, F, J, G
 Металл — Ag 0.925
 Діаметр — 32.5 мм
 Вага — 15.50 гр.
 Спільний тираж — 3.815.000
 Якість карбування — Proof
 Рік карбування — 2000

Література
 Krumbach, Karl Gerd: Aachener Münzen des Mittelalters, Aachen 1995, Privatdruck, 180 S.
 Krumbach, Karl Gerd: Aachener Münzen der Neuzeit, Aachen 1989, Privatdruck, 214 S.
 Krumbach, Karl Gerd: Die Ratspräsenzen der Reichsstadt Aachen 1622—1756, Aachen 1985, Privatdruck, 96 S.
 Krumbach, Karl Gerd: Aachener Marken, Zeichen und Notmünzen, Aachen 1986, Privatdruck, 184 S.
 Menadier, Julius: Die Aachener Münzen, Berlin 1913, Neudruck 1972, 272 S.
 Funck, Walter: Die Notmünzen der deutschen Städte, Gemeinden, Kreise, Länder etc., Bd.1, Standardkatalog der amtlichen Ausgaben 1916—1921. Gietl Verlag, 7. Auflage
 Funck, Walter: Die Notmünzen der deutschen Städte, Gemeinden, Kreise, Länder etc., Bd.2, Variantenkatalog der amtlichen Ausgaben 1916—1921, Gietl Verlag, 7. Auflage
 Funck, Walter: Die deutschen Notmünzen, Alle amtlichen Ausgaben und deren Varianten der Städte, Gemeinden, Kreise, Länder etc. Neudruck 1972
 Merkelbach, Friedhelm: Das Papiernotgeld des ehemaligen Regierungsbezirks Aachen, Privatdruck, Jülich 2010.
 Funck, Walter: Die deutschen Notmünzen, Alle amtlichen Ausgaben und deren Varianten der Städte, Gemeinden, Kreise, Länder etc. 8. Auflage 2012

Джерела
 Каталог нотгельдів
 Аахенські монети часів французької окупації
 Каталог паперових нотгельдів Аахена
 Нотгельди Німеччини

Примітки

Гроші Німеччини
Колишні валюти
Аахен
Середньовічні монети

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