text:
Leslieville Historical Society
Subsidized Housing! Oh no, not in my neighbourhood. Oh yes! Right in your neighbourhood.
by Joanne Doucette
Coxwell Avenue a hothouse for social housing? A Bolshevik threat?
Coxwell Avenue north from railroad tracks, April 10, 1912 The field at right would become Woodrow, Earl Haig, Currie, Hanson and Hillingdon Avenues — one of the first large scale subsidized housing projects undertaken by the City of Toronto.
Shacktown: The First Housing Crisis on Coxwell Avenue
Shacks on Coxwell Avenue
A shack on Gerrard Street near Coxwell
The area was first developed for housing around 1906 when many of the fields were subdivided for houses. Most of the houses in the neighbourhood were built by the owners themselves until 1909 when the City of Toronto annexed this part of York Township. By the time of amalgamation, the area was well on its way to becoming a working-class, low-income suburb.
Shacks on Ashdale Avenue, September 20, 1910
By 1909, some streets, including Coxwell Avenue south of lower Gerrard, Erie Terrace (later called Craven Road) and Rhodes Avenue, were packed with small houses, some mere huts, without running water or sewage, with contaminated wells and over-flowing outhouses, creating a public health nightmare.
Some, including Toronto's Medical Officer of Health Charles Hastings, saw these Shacktowns as epidemics waiting to happen. Better housing was a must if only to avoid mass epidemics of typhoid fever already killing many around the Great Lakes at that time.
Officials looked south of the border and to Great Britain for models that could be used in Toronto.
Expanding Toronto — Making Homes in Outskirts for City nearing Half Million, Globe, October 25, 1913
Critics, inspired by the City Beautiful movement, called for building a new kind of housing for low-income families: the Garden Suburb. British ideas appealed to the very British city that Toronto was then. George Cadbury, the wealthy chocolate maker, had set up a trust to provide subsidized housing to workers in England. The Trust built a housing estate outside of Birmingham, England, and rented the comfortable, well-built houses "at the low figures of from $5 to $14 per month."
Each house had the potential for a garden, an important consideration for those who looked to their own vegetable plot for spuds, cabbages, carrots and other mainstays of the British diet. The Trust carefully handpicked its tenants from a long waiting list. A shopping mall was built in the heart of the housing project. The project offered not only clean, comfortable and attractive housing; it was sustainable. The rents, though low, generated enough profit to the Trust to allow the building of more housing.
The Globe called for something similar to be done in Toronto: To compare these buildings with the houses of Shacktown, on three sides of Toronto is not to our credit, and evidences the need of a stronger civic spirit than at present exists. Globe, March 13, 1909 Globe, October 25, 1913
Tent dwelling, September 6, 1912
HOUSING OF THE POOR IN CANADA
By Miss FitzGibbon
Speaking to the preceding papers on the housing of the poor, Miss FitzGibbon said that the great difficulties in Canada lay in the high rents and in the fact that there were almost no small and inexpensive houses. Thirteen to twenty-four dollars a month had to be paid for poor quarters by working people. The remedies that are being tried are building societies, buying on the installment plan and division of expense by two families living in one house.
The Canadian Courier, Vol. XV, No. 9, January 31, 1914
But there is still a large class of people who can afford to pay only about five dollars a month in rent. Emigrants from the old countries should take into careful consideration the fact that rents in Canada are high—even in proportion to the higher salaries paid here than in the old lands. Mary Agnes FitzGibbon, "Housing of the Poor in Canada" in Report of the International Congress of Women held in Toronto, Canada June 24th-30th, 1909 under the auspices of the National Council of Women of Canada. (Toronto: G. Parker & Sons), 140.
Spring in Shacktown, Globe, May 2, 1908
Our Slums
Decent housing to keep people fit to work seems a cheaper proposition than housing them when unfit in our hospitals, asylums and jails. We can never build from the top down. We must begin at the bottom up. We must not spend our time and money getting rid of slums, but rather spend brains preventing slums. Closing the doors after the horse has gone has been the policy of too many cities. Cannot Toronto do better? Flora MacDonald Denison, The Toronto World, February 5, 1911
In 1912 social reformers founded the Toronto Housing Company, a private charity that built the houses and subsidized the rents. Their buildings included Riverdale Court on (now the Bain Co-op) and Spruce Court, (now the Spruce Court Co-op) both built in 1913.
RIVERDALEANS LISTEN TO HOUSING SCHEMES
W. S. B. Armstrong of Housing Co. Explains Problems of Large Cities.
Riverdale, January 13 – The exceedingly cold weather of last evening was largely responsible for the small audience that turned out at the Royal Canadian Bicycle Club Hall on Broadview Avenue to hear a very interesting address on "Toronto's Housing Problem, by Mr. W. S. B. Armstrong of the Toronto Housing Company, at a meeting of the Riverdale Business Men's Association.
"The first question to be faced in this momentous problem is essentially one of health – health of the children and a decrease in the death rate being the striking result of reforms in other cities.
"The home is the fundamental unit of the country, and unless the home is kept on that basis a calamity will result. This the English communities keep in mind, their motto being: "One family to one house."
The object is for each family to live in one house, with space enough around it for a garden. In Germany the people have developed large tenements, but their children do not get a fair chance in life.
New York City has by far the worst housing of any city in the world, largely because of the tenements. But seemingly the people will live in no other kind of abode.
A Geographical Problem.
"Toronto's housing problem is a geographical one. The slums of to-day were twenty-five years ago the aristocratic district of Toronto. This class now lives on the outskirts.
"The housing problem in any city is the same, and can be divided into three parts," continued Mr. Armstrong. "The slums – a municipal sore and a wound that no municipality can ever hope to cure. Nor can a housing company. But the municipality can prevent the slums. The second part is the foreign element. These people should be made to conform to the civilized mode of living in our city. Conditions in the foreign slums in Toronto are intolerable. These people should be compelled to live decently.
"The third part are the great body of wage earners. About half of the citizens of Toronto live in houses that they own. Eighty percent of the wage earners renting a house live in only part of a house. Can an average laboring man afford to pay $25 a month rental for a home? He can't rent a decent abode for less. To this end, he must need rent part of [the] house to another family or other people, and this is detrimental to the upbringing of his family. The problem in a word is to house the average wage earner and not to re-house the slums."
Mr. Armstrong, in reply to a question put by Mr. James T. Upton, in that land ought to be bought on the outskirts of the city for housing blocks, replied that land had been acquired in the north-western and north-eastern sections of the city and that as soon as transportation facilities were installed the blocks would be built. Toronto Star, January 13, 1914
Toronto Housing Company, Globe, June 28, 1913
When World War One began in 1914, attention turned away from the housing crisis. The Toronto Housing Company continued to operate and predated the City-owned Toronto Housing Commission of 1919. Here is a description of how the Toronto Housing Company operated in comparison to the Toronto Housing Commission:
The Toronto Housing Company, on the other hand, is a private venture, which antedates the Commission experiment by some years. It built Spruce Court and other apartments which have been regarded as models of efficient housing.
The Company was launched by men who regarded their stock subscriptions as a contribution to good citizenship rather than a money-making investment. The dividends, indeed, are limited by law to six percent. But a year ago, when the stock was treated in surrogate court as a non-profit-yielding asset, inquiry demonstrated the facts that the shareholder shad up to that time received no return at all upon their money. Instead of paying even the limited dividend which the statute permitted, the Company had kept its rents down to the minimum figure. A long waiting-list of applicants has attested the popularity of the Company's apartments and the reasonableness of its rentals. Toronto Star, September 10, 1921
ANOTHER HOUSING CRISIS
By 1917, the influx of men and women from rural areas to work in the factories caused an acute housing shortage during World War One. Rental housing was particularly scarce.
Practically all of the real estate agents in Ward One mourned the dearth of small houses for rent, but hoped that building activities this spring, which at the present time warrant predictions of a good year, will decrease this want. The Danforth-Broadview district is becoming one of the best residential localities in the city and hence the increased inquiry for houses for rental and sale. Movements in real estate are numerous, and builders, especially, are preparing to utilize their vacant sites or new building acquisitions for extensive operations this spring. Rents have advanced in proportionate amounts to the rest of the city and during the last three week increases amounting from 20 to 30 percent, have been recorded, and in some case as much as fifty percent. Sales of houses from $3000 and upwards in surprisingly large numbers are being put thru, and in some localities the demand has exceeded the supply. As an indication of the activities in this district a few of the builders who are now building or contemplating building follow: On Ellerbeck avenue, W. J. O'Reilly is to build five houses; Stephens and Grant are building four: H. Lewis has prepared plans for seven, while on Strathmore Boulevard, Muir and Lamb have six underway; E. Preston has four on Bathgate avenue; Fred Lankin, six on Rhodes avenue, and Sam Cairns is filing plants for eight houses on Donlands avenue.
One of the features of this activity is the number of purchasers in the market for small houses. Dwellings, whose sale price does not exceed $2000, are not procurable at the present time, but Gifford and Long purpose erecting thirty houses of this type on Keene street, off Donlands avenue, which will be put on the market at about $1500. The popular opinion prevails that the real estate market is sluggish, but this is given the lie when one real estate agent reports sales within his own office six weeks ago of houses at $4500 and the other day three of those building were turned over at $5000. In the district east of Coxwell avenue, including the old Toronto Golf Club property right thru to East Toronto, houses are hardly completed before tenants and purchasers are seeking out the owners. In discussing the increased population of this part of the city a well-known resident stated that he believed that it was due chiefly to the increase of industries in the eastern portion of the city and to the prospective adequate transportation facilities of the future. Toronto World, March 10, 1917
Toronto World, March 10, 1917
Wartime heroes were stepping into politics along with women. They wanted to speak for themselves not allow elites to speak for them. A women's meeting was held in St. Monica's Anglican Church Hall to support of a candidate. Helen McMurchy addressed the audience along with Sergeant-Major D. Forte, winner of the Military Medal and Private Daniels, also winner of the Military Medal. The times they were a-changing (Toronto Star Dec. 13, 1917)
48th Highlanders returning from World War One
In the Coxwell Gerrard area, by my estimates, approximately one house in three lost a man killed, died of wounds or succumbed to illness related to war service. 60,000 Canadians died in that war and some 173,000 were wounded. This is about 60 men a day dead – about the capacity of a T.T.C. bus, seated and standing. Think about losing one Coxwell bus of men a day. In 1914 Canada's population was 7,879,000. 2014 Canada's population 35,344,962. If Canada suffered the same casualty rate in the more recent war in Afghanistan over 250,000 Canadians would be dead.
While most soldiers survived, they were changed and came back as different men. They returned to a Toronto swept up in an influenza epidemic that spread through military camps and troop ships. Millions died worldwide. Sometimes soldiers came home to find their wives or children dead."To arrive home safe and sound from the dangers of war and find that his wife had in the meantime died in the "flu" epidemic, was the sad experience of Pte. G. Wilkes, one of the party of 175 Toronto men who returned home from overseas at North Toronto last night.
Pte. Wilkes' little cottage at 395 Morley avenue [now Woodfield Road], which he formerly looked upon as home, is deserted, for his wife was buried last Wednesday in Norway Cemetery, a victim of the influenza, while his little two-year-old boy is being looked after by neighbors. Sympathetic friends met Pte. Wilkes at the station last night and took him to Todmorden. Before enlistment he was employed at the Union Bank, corner of Kind and Bay streets. A sister-in-law resides in Todmorden. Pte. Wilkes has seen much hard fighting in France. Toronto Star, October 30, 1918
Globe, October 25, 1918
Many men were disillusioned and embittered against the elites who had sent them, wave after wave, to die in long khaki lines under machine-gun fire. Left alone, their wives coped with worried children, acting out fears. The news of war seeped down even to the toddlers. These returning soldiers and their families were not satisfied with the Ontario that had been, feeling that now was the time for change. A sense of grievance and entitlement ran deep. In the civic elections in the winter of 1918, a housing shortage and jobs for returning veterans dominated politics. Many suggested that the City build homes for working men in the suburbs. A recession followed World War One and housing and employment stagnated until the spring of 1923.
Toronto Star, August 7, 1918 Mayor Church Reads Anti-Riot Proclamation
Many veterans were unemployed. High expectations clashed with cruel reality. The cry was for "Jobs, jobs, jobs" and good, well-paying jobs so that a young man could support a family. Labour unrest led to strike after strike after strike. Toronto's police went on strike. There was a transit strike. In August 1918, what came to be known as the "Greek Restaurant Riot" or the "1918 Anti-Greek Riots" saw thousands of veterans pouring onto Yonge Street and other city streets to loot and burn Greek-owned businesses. They fought pitched battles with the police on Toronto's streets.
This reflected not only the racism widespread in Canada at the time, but also the thwarted sense of entitlement of war veterans. In February 1919, as the post-war housing shortage worsened, representatives of the Great War Veterans Association (G.W.V.A.) demanded that the Toronto Housing Commission to build houses in the suburbs where taxes were more affordable. The G.W.V.A. was a forerunner of the Canadian Legion, but far more obviously politically active. For example, the G.W.V.A. endorsed some running for election, preferring "soldier candidates" with a known track record for leadership such as officers and non-commissioned officers sympathetic to the plight of other veterans. Many business leaders, including representatives of the Canadian Manufacturers Association, feared a Bolshevik-style revolution here in Canada.
THE TORONTO HOUSING COMMISSION: A BARRIER AGAINST BOLSHEVISM
The City of Toronto responded by setting up a Housing Commission composed of some of the wealthiest and most powerful men in the city.
EATON, ROLPH, WOODS, WILLIAMS, AND ROSS
Toronto Housing Commission Appointed – Advisory Body Later.
John Craig Eaton, member of the Toronto Housing Commission. City of Toronto Archives, Fonds 1244
Toronto's new permanent Housing Commission consists of Sir John C. Eaton, Mr. H. H. Williams, Sir J. W. Woods, Mr. Frank A. Rolph, and Mr. J. Allen Ross.
The five names were submitted to the Board of Control to-day by the interim Housing Commission which consisted of civic officials, and the Board adopted the suggestion.
This honorary commission will organize and appoint an advisory committee representing the following interests: banking, loan, trust and insurance, manufacturing, mercantile, labor, returned soldiers, building and real estate, city and provincial government, each of which will be entitled to two representatives.
The procedure which will be followed may be indicated by the following recommendations from the officials' report made some weeks ago:
That a company be formed with share capital to erect and sell moderate-sized dwellings.
That the city guarantee its bonds to the extent of 5 percent of the value of land and houses, as already done in the case of the Toronto Housing Company.
That dividends to the subscribers be limited to 6 percent.
That the Provincial and Dominion Governments, either jointly or separately, undertake to provide the funds by buying the bonds guaranteed by the city on a basis of 5 percent interest.
That all vacant lands held by the city be available for such a company on more reasonable terms than would ordinarily apply.
Eaton's depot Coxwell Ave 1919
May Itself Be Company.
The foregoing recommendations were those made before the personnel of the new commission was announced, but there is no reason to believe that any different procedure will be followed.
It is conjectured that the commission may itself form a company without waiting for others and in that case the construction of hundreds of new houses would go on forthwith.
The officials' report suggested a capitalization of $1,000,000, of which $250,000 would be paid up by the stockholders, and the other $750,000 guaranteed by the city and provided by the Government at 5 percent. This is not exactly the Ontario Government's plan, but the money could undoubtedly be obtained in this way by special legislation.
The report suggests that houses could be sold to citizens on an initial payment of ten percent of the price, and paid for in installments covering five to twenty years.
For a house selling for $3,000, the installment would be $19.22 per month, for twenty years, assuming that the interest charged is 6 percent. The initial payment would be $300.
The buyer would thus be getting a house for what it would cost to rent.
Will Be a Success.
The five members of the Permanent omission have consented to act, and the fact that Sir John Eaton is identifying himself with the enterprise guarantees that things will be done in a big way.
One of the most pressing reasons for the construction of new dwellings in the city is the need of accommodation for returned soldiers, and Sir John has taken the keenest interest in these men since the war began, his disbursements of his private funds on behalf of enlisted employees having run into seven figures. But even apart from this, Sir John is a public-spirited student of civic affairs, and the housing proposition is of an importance which appeals to his desire to serve his fellow men.
Mr. H. H. Williams, the well-known real estate expert, has been very active during the war as an organizer of patriotic effort. The energy and business efficiency which he has displayed in this public capacity will be brought to bear upon the Housing Commission's affairs. He is a Torontonian born and bred, has an intimate personal knowledge of the city and its needs. It is interesting to recall, in the present connection, that he began his career as a lumber merchant and builder.
Sir James Woods, member of the Toronto Housing Commission.
Has Served the Empire.
Sir James W. Woods, president of Gordon MacKay & Co., ex-president of Toronto Board of Trade, and founder of the War Production Club in Toronto, has served the Imperial Government in New York as one of Canada's "dollar-a-year" men in the purchase of war supplies, co-operating with the Morgan interests.
Frank Rolph, member of the Toronto Housing Commission.
Mr. Frank A. Rolph, head of Rolph, Clark, Stone, Ltd., succeeded Lloyd Harris as chairman of the Canadian War Mission at Washington, having previously, at the cost of sacrificing his business interests, accepted the position of vice-chairman.
Mr. J. Allan Ross is vice-president of Wm. Wrigley, Jr., Co., Ltd., and has had an interesting career. Known as the holder of the American intercollegiate championship in 1906, he jumped into the night managership of the Bell Telephone Co. in Chicago in 1907, became associated with the Wrigley Company in 1909, and founded their Canadian business the following year. Toronto Star, February 18, 1919
THE THREAT
Wants Suburban Houses Most.
Comrade Morani, of West Toronto G.W.V.A., advocates that the new Toronto Housing Commission build suburban dwellings. He believes that houses of 25-foot frontage in the centre of the city would be too heavy a burden to the owner on account of the present system of assessment. Toronto Star, February 21, 1919
THE COMMISSION IS FORMALIZED
Notice of Registration of By-law
Notice is hereby given that a By-law was passed by the Council of the Corporation of the City of Toronto on the 9th day of May 1919, to appoint "The Toronto Housing Commission," and to authorize the borrowing of money for the purposes thereof, and that such By-law was registered in the Registry Office of the Registry Division of East Toronto on the 13th day of May 1919.
Any motion to quash or set aside the same, or any part of thereof, must be made within three months after the first publication of this notice and cannot be made thereafter.
Dated the 14th day of May 1919.
W. A. LITTLEJOHN
VACANT LOTS NOT ENOUGH
Those owned by City Insufficient to Solve Housing Problem
TOUR OF THE CITY
All Members of Commission but Sir John Eaton Make First Survey
In company with Assessment Commissioner Forman and W. Swaine, their newly-appointed manager, the members of the Toronto Housing Commission spent yesterday afternoon [May 14, 1919] in an inspection of the lands owned by the city which might be suitable for the purposes of the new project.
Although several thousand feet of such properties were included in the trip, the conclusion was arrived at that the amount of city property available will not be sufficient for the needs of the commission, and they will have to investigate the resources of the privately-owned lands of the city with a view to supplying this deficiency.
Sir John Eaton, who is out of town, was the only member of the commission not present.
The area covered during the afternoon extended from Morton road and Gerrard street east [and] as far west as Jane street, and in all some thirty blocks of land were visited.
It was considered desirable to apply the activities of the commission so far as possible to large blocks of land suitable for the erection of units from ten to twenty houses each.
Several such blocks were discovered.
The commission has arranged a meeting with the Board of Control to-day when the question of the acquisition of city lands will be discussed at length.
The erection of houses in such units would, it was felt, materially lower the cost of construction and accelerate building operations. The greater part of the land under consideration will cost less than forty dollars per foot, as a high price would tend to places the houses beyond the reach of the purchaser of limited means.
By making large purchases of both land and material it is anticipated that substantially-built houses can be sold by the commission at prices ranging from $3,000 upwards. The terms suggested include a first payment of ten percent, the balance to be paid in monthly installments of principal and interest, extending over a long period of years.
These houses will be of sound construction, and the unit system will not of necessity involve that they be all of one type. Their frontage will probably be in the neighborhood of twenty-five feet.
Properties Inspected.
W. Swaine, who accepted the managership of the Housing scheme, went yesterday to New York, where he has been associated during the war with Sir James Woods of the War Mission. On his return the commission will open the temporary offices which it has acquired on the ground floor of the Temple Building. The permanent quarters of the commission will be on the ninth floor of that building.
The chief properties inspected yesterday were on Danforth avenue, Carlaw avenue, Dundas street east, Munro street, Cavell avenue, Leslie street, Jones avenue, Rhodes avenue, Coxwell avenue, Morton road, Shaw street, Roxton road, Montrose avenue, Edna street, Keel street and Jane street. Globe, May 15, 1919
The Threat Increases
At 11:00 am on May 15, 1919, workers left their jobs and marched into the streets of Winnipeg, leading to one of the biggest labour actions Canada has ever seen. Strikers included both the private and public sectors, and ranged from garment workers to police officers. Many were afraid that there would be a revolution in Canada if something wasn't done to improve conditions for these angry young men…and women.
On June 21, 1919, the Royal North-West Mounted Police and hired union busters rode on horseback and fired into a crowd of thousands of workers, killing two and injuring countless others.
Work Goes On
Toronto Housing Commission. Coxwell Avenue Plan.
Housing Com. Plans Coxwell
Those for Six-Roomed Houses Filed at City Hall
The Housing Commission's plans for seven pairs of semi-detached houses on Coxwell avenue (price unstated) have been filed at the City Hall.
The houses are to have brick basements, stucco on the first floor, and clapboard on the second. They will have spruce floors, heavy table oilcloth on the kitchen and bathroom, dadoes, combination sink and tub, and a kitchen dresser supplied.
Each semi-detached house is 19 feet wide, and the dimensions are as follows:
First floor – Porch, 6 x 6t.; dining room, 8 ft. 3 in. x 11 ft.; living room, 14 ft. 3 in. x 9 ft. 6 in.; hall 4 ft. 6 in. x 10 ft.; kitchen, 10 ft. 9 in x 11 ft.
Second floor—Bedroom, 9 x 13 ft., bedroom, 11 ft. 3 in x 7 ft. 6 in.; bedroom, 7 ft. x9 ft. 3 in. Toronto Star, May 31, 1919
Globe, June 26, 1919
Toronto Star, August 6, 1919
WHO REPRESENTS THE INTERESTS OF WORKERS?
RIVERDALE HAS FOUR LABOR MEN.
Candidates All Claim to Represent Interests of Workers.
CONTROLLER W. D. ROBBINS Secretary, Conservative.
B.S.-M. JOSEPH MCNAMARA, soldier, Independent.
JOHN T. VICK, bricklayer, Labor.
GEORGE LOCKHART, rubber-worker, Socialist-Labor.
The chief point at issue between the candidates in Riverdale riding, when they met at the Oddfellows' Hall, Broadview avenue, yesterday, appeared to be as to which was best qualified as the representative of Labor. All four of them have entered as Labor candidates, and as such the three who were present at the nomination announced themselves.
The fourth, George Lockhart of Kitchener, was announced by his official agent, James Underdown, as "the nominee of the Socialist-Labor party, whose main platform is to take the tools of the country for the workers, both by political and industrial action." Mr. Lockhart's papers were submitted an hour after those of the other candidates by Mr. Underdown and Edward Farrell. The signatures of the necessary nominations had been secured by a house-to-house canvas of Erie terrace and Rhodes and Ashdale avenues.
Stands for Soviet
According to Mr. Farrell, the principles of his party are embodied in the policies of the Soviet government of the present day, and Lenin is credited with stating that he was trying out the theories of one of its chief adherents.
Controller Robbins, who was the first of the candidates to speak, referred to his career as Secretary of the Street Railwaymen's Union, as Alderman and Controller; proclaimed himself a representative of Labor and its protagonist.
Mr. Vick, whose candidacy had, he said, been endorsed by the Independent Labor party and the Trades and Labor Council, disputed the Controller's right to call himself other than a Hearst candidate, pure and simple. "A man," he declared, "cannot be the representative of Labor and a nominee of the Hearst Government at the same time."
He favored an expansion of the Workmen's Compensation Act to provide 100 percent compensation for disability, and regarding the referendum protested. "Surely we have common sense enough to enjoy our lives in our own peculiar way without interfering with the rights of others.
Soldier Candidate Cheered.
Sergeant-Major McNamara was greeted with cheers. He ran as an Independent candidate, he said, because, with other returned soldiers, he believed that the party of the future was the voice of the people.
As a trades union man, he would represent both Labor and the returning soldier. Globe, October 14, 1919
Robbins won.
The Toronto Star suggested that in order to deal with the crisis "Toronto may even have to relax its building restrictions for a time in order that humble homes may be constructed to met the pressing need." The Editor remarked that "…the emergency is such that even Shacktowns upon the outskirts would be justified." The reasoning was that experience showed that the tarpaper shacks would be replaced with better, brick houses as this had happened in places like the Midway Shacktown (Gerrard Coxwell). Toronto Star, April 30, 1920
As before the Great War, Toronto turned to Britain for models to deal with the crisis.
The Canadian Magazine, Vol. 53, no. 3 (July 1919)
Some local garden suburbs already existed, such as the ones established by the earlier Toronto Housing Company, and in other places around Canada.
But the reality was that Garden Suburbs, the ideal, were expensive.
The Standard Must Be Lowered
To-morrow is the first of May when many leases expire and many citizens have to move. Some of them say they have nowhere to go.
Their complaints have resulted in a sudden manifestation of activity at the City Hall, where it is beginning to be realized that Toronto may even have to relax its building restrictions for a time in order that humble homes may be constructed to meet the pressing need. That, at any rate, is a healthy sign.
City Council has gone too long on the assumption that the city could not possibly embark upon any building scheme except such as would result in the erection of houses which could be shown to visitors with the remark: "Now, aren't those creditable little places?"
As THE STAR has been pointing out for months past, the emergency is such that even shacktowns upon the outskirts would be justified.
It is the unanimous testimony of social service workers that, while downtown slums become worse and worse, the tendency in a suburban shacktown is to progress towards better and better conditions, brick and cement houses gradually replacing the wooden ones.
City Architect Price assured the controllers yesterday that a workman could not take pride in a home unless it was complete.
History shows that the artisans of other years have not only taken pride in such places, but have from time to time completed and improved them so that to-day they are creditable buildings.
The Controllers are also met with the assertion that inferior and cheap construction would mean increased fire risk, and that terraces of houses, with only wooden partitions between, should not be built because of that.
But the time has come when Toronto must consider not the kind of housing accommodation it would like to have, but the kind which it can get, at prices those in need can afford to pay. Toronto Star, April 30, 1920
A Little Garden Suburb in the East End
Yet in its own way, the City of Toronto tried to create its own garden suburb northeast of the railway bridge between Coxwell Avenue and Hillingdon Avenue between a munitions factory and the site of the future T.T.C. streetcar barns.
1924 Goad's Atlas showing the area between Coxwell and Woodbine Avenues along the rail line.
In 1920 the City of Toronto planned to build city-owned low-income housing on four streets that ran eastbound from Coxwell: Stacey, Haig, Currie and Hanson. But people in the neighbourhood objected, forming The Toronto Housing Commissioner Ratepayers' Association Coxwell avenue district. There was a pervasive attitude that good things should go to the deserving poor (British, men who had served) not slackers (immigrants, especially those who had not fought overseas). The worthy would prosper.
They Do Not Stay Shacks
A supervisor of psychiatric nursing assured the Ontario Educational Association that mental defectives do not come from "Shacktown," but from the older and poorer sections of the city. "The condition of Shacktown," she added, "Is one of steady progression—frame, cement, or brick houses gradually replacing the original rough structure."
There is a lesson in this for those who would restrict municipal housing schemes to the construction of what might be called "creditable" houses – homes which visitors to the city could be shown with pride. Undoubtedly such dwellings serve a useful purpose, and those erected by Toronto's Housing commission will long be a monument to the public spirit of its members. But here are artisans who would gladly put their own labor into the building of much less pretentious structures, if they could get cheap land, cheap material, and cheap credit from the city. Every house so built, no matter how humble, would relieve the pressure upon the downtown slum-districts which breed mental defectives, and would lift some family into the home-owning class in a healthy outlying district, where the "steady progression" which has taken place in other Shacktowns would be repeated. Toronto Star, April 9, 1920
These were the people who purchased at a subsidized cost their own housing. The Toronto Housing Commission (THC) put up solid homes, sold cheap, but free, as freehold properties. The THC Ratepayers' Association did not want lower quality housing or renters nearby: They registered their objection to a cheaper grade of houses being built in rows on every street adjacent to the better houses of the Housing Commission. They objected to the houses being rented, as tenants of the city in large numbers would lower the morale of the district.
The worthy poor would prosper with the help of organizations like the Toronto Housing Commission.
The Self-Respect of the Poor
The poor, and there are plenty of them in Toronto, are those whose income is insufficient to maintain themselves in physical efficiency and live according to ordinary standards of comfort. Some prosperous individuals conceive of the poor as a grasping horde whose troubles are brought upon themselves by their own laziness and shiftlessness and whose hand is always outstretched to receive from the bounty of others that help which their own industry should supply. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Poverty is not pauperism. There is a group in every city, poverty's lower fringe, who have lost seemingly all moral standards and have reverted to a squalid barbarism. Their number is, however, comparatively small, while the number is legion of those, who, amid a struggle merciless and unceasing, fight the good fight, and with a courage beyond all praise continue to keep the faith.
… So far from the truth is it that the poor as a class are suppliants for relief, the fact is that they will, in many cases, suffer the most serious deprivations before they can bring themselves to accept help. The people who know the poor are the ones who believe in them and they see them, not as a separate class, but just as human folks. Toronto Star, July 26, 1920
The families in the THC houses were mostly those of returning war veterans who had a strong sense of entitlement. City Architect G. F. W. Price tried to be reassuring: My proposition is to erect the houses in pairs, not in rows, and I want to say that they will be just as well built and will look just as well as the Housing Commission houses. They will not be as wide of course, but otherwise their appearance will be just as good. He even suggested that the occupiers of the new houses would not, in fact be renters, but homeowners like the Coxwell Avenue residents. Toronto Star, May 4, 1920
Neat duplexes, mostly owner-occupied, line these streets to this day. One model, repeated over and over, distinctly resembles the earlier houses built by the Toronto Housing Commission on Coxwell.
The Toronto Housing Commission's subsidized housing built on Woodrow (formerly called Stacey), Haig, Currie, Hanson and Hillingdon, 1924 Goad's Atlas
Toronto Housing Commission Plan. North side of Currie showing Lots 48 through to 44, from west to east.
Currie Avenue
Toronto Housing Commission Plan. North side of Currie, showing lots 44 through to 39, from west to east.
Toronto Housing Commission Plan. South side of Currie showing from Lot 57 to Lot 60, from west to east.
Toronto Housing Commission Plan. South Side of Currie from Lot 54 to Lot 56.
Hanson Street
Toronto Commission Plan, Hanson Street.
Earl Haig Avenue
Toronto Housing Commission Plan. Haig Avenue (now Earl Haig Avenue)
Woodrow Avenue
Toronto Housing Commission Plan. Stacey Street (now Woodrow Avenue)
Heads of households, Currie Avenue, 1921 City of Toronto Directory. Many were veterans of World War One.
The Roaring Twenties Finally Begin to Roar
In the spring of 1923, prosperity returned along with warmer weather.
BUILDING ACTIVE IN ALL DISTRICTS
Winter Weather Has Left very Little Frost in Ground
An amazing number of houses and stores are now under construction in the four corners of Toronto within the city limits. The depth of frost varies in the numerous localities, running from six to eighteen inches deep, but builders claim little frost has entered the ground since December, and the heavy blanket of snow has acted as protection or the earth.
The Danforth district has witnessed a continued activity in home building during the stormy months, and a large number of houses are now in the process of construction in the Danforth and Woodbine, north of Danforth avenue, where houses valued from $4,000 to $7,000 are rapidly filling up the subdivisions, Danforth Gardens, Monarch Park, the Gledhill and Parkview avenue districts adding a large share to present-day new homes now building are filling Patricia Park, Jones avenue, Woodbine, Leslie and Pape avenues.
Building Is General.
The building impulse is also evident south of Danforth and Gerrard street east from Main street to Coxwell avenue, including the new subdivision, Kelvin Park Beach, which is a stir with scores of houses rising above the snow-cloaked fields. Variety in architecture and price underlie the building movement of this district, and homes range in value from $5,000 to $9,000. The ring of the hammers of the builders in the Gerrard street east district echoes over the hills south to Kingston road, where from the city limits at Victoria Park avenue to Queen street, with its lake frontage streets, are building up with blocks of homes valued from $4,500 to $8,000. During the last few days cellars have been excavated in the new Bingham avenue subdivision and Glenmount Park. Globe, February 27, 1923
The area filled in with rows of brick bungalows, detached, duplexes and triplexes. The very topography of the neighbourhood changed as one resident, Hannah Bedell, recalled:
"Into the wilds below Monarch Park, where my grandfather would take me for rustic walks in the 1920's. The Ashdale Ravine, as we called it, meandered south from the park between Hiawatha Rd. and Ashdale Ave. toward Gerrard St. E. As we strolled down there, amid a profusion of wildflowers, songbirds, towering trees and sparkling waters, it was very difficult to believe we were still in the city.
Last time we checked out that neighborhood, our lovely ravine appeared to be filled in and gone, something we never imagined could happen to such a pretty place." Interviewed by George Gamester, Toronto Star, June 14, 1995
These new houses were mostly "Bungalow-style", inspired by Stickley and the Arts and Crafts movement. However, they were adapted to Toronto's harsher climate by being raised a little with basements. Originally the Arts and Crafts movement stressed hand-crafted goods and houses, producing beautiful, functional objects and homes that were too expensive for the ordinary working family. Gustav Stickley in his Craftsman magazine produced floor plans and designs for everyone, including people with very little money, large families and even single women.
Hillingdon Avenue
Butchers, bakers, confectioners, greengrocers, tobacconists, cinemas, lined Gerrard and Coxwell south of Upper Gerrard. The "four corners" at Coxwell and lower Gerrard was the hub of the community. Homeowners tore down many of the tarpaper shacks. However, some were simply covered with siding and remain to this day. A discerning eye might pick out a small house that is shoe-box shaped: an original from Shacktown. Few if any remember that this neighbourhood was home to some of the first large-scale public housing in Toronto, certainly not the homeowners on the quiet residential streets northeast of the underpass on Coxwell Avenue or the first row of sturdy duplexes on the west side of Coxwell just below the rail line.
Three of the Toronto Housing Commission houses on Coxwell Avenue.
Toronto Housing Commission property, City of Toronto Interactive Map Aerial, 2015
Archived posts Select Month January 2022 December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 October 2020 March 2020 February 2020 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 May 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 February 2016
Follow Leslieville Historical Society on WordPress.com
Streets and roads
Alton Avenue
Ashdale Avenue I
Ashdale Avenue II
Austin Avenue: Subdivision 549 by Joanne Doucette
Carlaw Avenue: The Wrigley Building
Wrigley Ads: "Tell 'em quick and tell 'em often." William Wrigley Jr.
349 Carlaw Avenue: Piano Man
Coxwell Avenue
Coxwell Stables
Erie Terrace to Craven Road: You can't keep a good street down
Craven Road I
Craven Road: By The Numbers
Craven Road II
The Story of the Craven Road Fence
The Fence
From Farm to Shacktown to Bungalowland: Gerrard-Coxwell
Gerrard Ashdale Neighbourhood II
Gerrard Ashdale Neighbourhood I
Shacktown
The Great Shacktown Crisis
A Shacktown Christmas
Gerrard Ashdale in World War One
Gerrard Ashdale Library
The Toronto Golf Club: First 18 Hole Course in Canada
Greenwood Avenue
Wagstaff Brickyards
Morse Street Public School
Morse Street
Morse Street: By The Numbers
Queen Street East
Queen Street: From Davies Avenue to Munro Street, Riverside
Queen Street East: From Broadview Avenue to Baseball Place, Riverside
Queen Walk 3: Sex, Lies & Murder on McGee
St. Stephen's United Church, Queen Street East, Toronto
Queen Street East: from Baseball Place to the East Don Roadway, Riverside
Devil Wagons and The Murderdrome Toronto's Motordrome
Devil Wagons and The Murderdrome: Toronto's Motordrome
Queen Street East: 709-737 Queen Street East Broadview Ave to Lewis Street, Riverside
Heward's Creek Illustrations, Photos, Maps
Queen Street East: from Munro Street to Broadview Avenue, Riverside
Queen Street East: The Johnston Company Furniture Store at Queen and Broadview, Riverside
Queen Walk 1: A Tale of Trains, Tragedy and Leslieville's West End
The Duke of York
Queen Walk 2: Dunlop Rubber & Tire Company
Queen Street: From the Bridge to Victoria Park Part I: The Bridge
Woodfield Road
1921 Map
Weaving Our History: The Isaac Price House and the Underground Railroad
Sources Black History
Building the subway 1965: Aerial photos
Leslies: the family, their business
George Leslie and the Toronto Nurseries
The Russell Family of Leslieville
Pocket and south to the Railway
Timeline Ashbridge's Bay
Leslieville Timeline
1909 Township of York Directory
Scottish Soldier
Highland Clearances
Canada's Johnny Appleseed
Leslie the Builder: Robert Leslie
Whiz kid gambled on change January 4, 2022
Building Leslie Gardens January 2, 2022
Leslieville News: January 2 January 2, 2022
Leslieville News: December 31 The Toronto Viaduct December 31, 2021
Categories Select Category Black history Bridges, Underpasses and Overpasses Event Factories General History Health and safety Heritage buildings Leslies Maps Neighbourhoods Politicians Sports Streets Uncategorized Walking tour
Ashbridge's Bay
Carlaw: April 7, 1948
Area Merchants Now and Then: 23 Days to Christmas
Heward/Holly Creek
Leslieville Historical Society E-News
QUEEN STREET EAST: 714-742 QUEEN STREET EAST BROADVIEW AVE TO GRANT STREET, RIVERSIDE
QUEEN STREET EAST: 744-798 QUEEN STREET EAST GRANT STREET TO BOULTON AVENUE, RIVERSIDE
Queen Walk 1: Leslieville's West End
Queen Walk 2: Dunlop Rubber
Queen Walk 3: McGee
Leslieville Historical Society, Create a website or blog at WordPress.com
Archives Select Month January 2022 December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 October 2020 March 2020 February 2020 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 May 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 February 2016


Dubai-UAE: 11 February, 2019 – Making progress on society's biggest problems requires governments to make better use of data, involve citizens, invest in employees, and collaborate with other sectors. This was the consensus at the 'Design to Transform Government' track in front of a full-house today at the seventh World Government Summit. The three themed sessions shed light on a more disciplined, systematic and design-related approach to solving public sector management problems.
دبي، 11 فبراير 2019: التصوير المرئي للبيانات الضخمة والتصميم المجتمعي وريادة التجارب الحكومية تشكل أبرز عوامل نجاح حكومات العالم في التعامل مع المشكلات المجتمعية الكبرى والمُعقدة وتقديم حلول تعتمد مقاربة جديدة.


Sedan Car/Microbus Travel from and to the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport.
Our car will take you to 64 districts and 469 upazilas!
Sedan Car/Microbus Go Anywhere! 64 districts &469 Upazilas!
Our Multi-Month Program is available on a wide range of vehicles.


text:
Qasem Beygi (, also Romanized as Qāsem Beygī and Qāsem Begī; also known as ʿAlīdād) is a village in Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 70, in 13 families.

References

Towns and villages in Kuhdasht County

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: how to truncate output values in Nerdamer I am using nerdamer.solve to solve roots but the roots are long and not truncated. I wanted to get truncated values upto 4 decimal places. How can I achieve this?
I am using the following code to solve and display output in html:
var r = nerdamer.solve(`1 - ${a} * x^(${p}) + ${b}`, 'x');
document.getElementById("polesAns").innerHTML= r.toString();

The folllowing is output:
[(138655807/135201312)*i+49385501/48155102,(-138655807/135201312)*i+49385501/48155102,(58886197/57419096)*i-49385501/48155102,(-58886197/57419096)*i-49385501/48155102,-560373381/386371730,172668482/119053157,(145619303/100403024)*i-5753750945848186/10000000000000000000000000000000,(-560373381/386371730)*i-5753750945848186/10000000000000000000000000000000]

There is no division performed also.
I tried the solution posted here:
How to use .toFixed() (or any alternative) on Nerdamer.solve solutions?
But how can I do this with my code? I tried the following:
    var value = `1 - ${a} * x^(${p}) + ${b}`;

 var toFixed = function(value, n) {
var img = Number(nerdamer.imagpart(value).text()).toFixed(n);
var real = Number(nerdamer.realpart(value).text()).toFixed(n);

// Format the number assuming i denotes imaginary in your case
var formatted = '';

if(real !== '0.0000') {
    formatted += real;
}

if(img !== '0.0000') {
    // Put the plus sign betweent the real and imaginary
    if(img.charAt(0) !== '-' && formatted) {
        formatted += '+';
    }
    // Assuming you're using i and not j for instance
    formatted += img+'i';
}

return formatted;
 };

 sol_raw = this.nerdamer.solve(value,'s');
 xs = this.nerdamer(sol_raw.toString()).each(function(solution) {
 roundedSolutions.push(toFixed(solution, 4));
    });

this.setState({
        solution: roundedSolution.join(''),
        equation:value})

  document.getElementById("polesAns").value = solution.toString();

I don't understand the this.setState() part , should i declare sol_raw and xs as var?
Also the substitution of variable is used in the my above root equation from advice here javascript Solving equation with subsitution of variable value
thank you

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After what seemed like many months of debate, tax reform has been passed into law for 2018. This is not a political blog, so I will not be sharing my opinion on any of these changes. The purpose of this post is to just share some of the highlights that will be useful for people who are interested in reaching financial independence.
This post does not cover every change. The bill is more than 1,000 pages, so that would be impossible. Plus, I am not an Accountant. Trying to read the whole 2018 Tax Reform Law would be as painfully difficult as trying to read Ulysses by James Joyce. This post just covers some of the main changes that have the greatest impact.
The marginal tax rates have been lowered. There was much debate on reducing the number of tax brackets. In the end, seven tax brackets remained. The lowest tax bracket is 10% and 37% is the new highest tax bracket.
The standard deduction was increased. Individual/married filing separately is $6,350 in 2017 and will be raised to 12,000 in 2018. For those who are married filing jointly or are a surviving spouse, the standard deduction is $12,700 in 2017 and will increase to $24,000 in 2018. Head of household will increase to $18,000 from $9,350 in 2017.
There are additional deductions for those over age 65, blind, or disabled. The deduction is $13,000 per individual if married. The deduction is $16,000 per individual if unmarried.
The personal exemption of $4,150 has been eliminated for 2018. The Child tax credit, however, was increased to $2,000. The tax credit is $500 for non-child dependents.
The State and local tax (SALT) deductions are capped at $10,000. This drastically impacts homeowners in states with high state and local taxes. States like New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut will be impacted the most. It might be a good time for those living in these states to make like Mr. and Mrs. Groovy and move to North Carolina.
The Alternative Minimum Tax changes reduce the likelihood of paying AMT. The income threshold was raised. It has been raised to $1,000,000 from $$160,900 for joint filers. For single filers, it has been increased to $500,000 from $120,700. The number of families who paid the AMT will be drastically reduced to 200,000 from more than 5,000,000.
The ability to re-characterize a TIRA was removed (Roth Conversion). Contributions can still be re-characterized. This eliminates the horse race strategy of Roth conversions. On the bright side, the ability to do "backdoor Roth contributions" has been retained.
Mortgage interest deductions are now limited to newly originated loans up to $750,000. The previous limit was $1,000,000. Mortgages that were taken out before December 15, 2017, can continue to deduct the higher amount.
Home equity loan deductions have been eliminated. That Is for both new and existing loans. There is not a grandfathering provision for any current home equity loans. There is no longer a tax benefit for taking a home equity loan to purchase a vehicle like some people used to do.
Medical expenses can still be deducted, but changes are coming. Medical expenses above 7.5% of AGI for 2017 and 2018 can be included in itemized deductions. This reverts to 10% in 2019.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) mandate has been eliminated in 2019. There will no longer be a penalty for not having health insurance. This does not go into effect for two years. Please remember that having health insurance is still a vital part of your financial plan.
The 2% AGI deduction will be eliminated in 2018. Investors can no longer deduct investment fees and expenses. The ability to deduct the convenience fees to pay taxes with a credit card has also been eliminated.
The Surtax of 3.8% does not change. There is an indirect change, however. As stated earlier, the 2% floor for investment expenses will no longer be deductible.
The estate tax exemption has been doubled. The new limit is roughly $11,000,000 for individuals and $22,000,000 for those who are married. This provision remains in effect until the end of 2025. Please note that these changes do not affect state-level estate taxes.
The new tax law helps people save on school costs. Up to $10,000 can be distributed annually from a 529 plan to cover the cost of sending a child to a public, private, or religious elementary or secondary school. More than 30 states offer income tax deductions for 529 plan contributions.
Charitable contribution deductions can be impacted. Since the standard deduction has doubled from $12,000 to $24,000 for married couples, it is expected that fewer filers will itemize in the future. This can cause charities to take a hit in 2018 because most Americans will have less incentive to give.
There is still a justification to buy a Tesla Model S other than the cars impressive zero to sixty time. The tax credit for electric vehicles has been retained. The $7,500 tax credits are available for the first 200,000 electric vehicles that a manufacturer sells. Once that quota is met, the incentive stays in place until that calendar quarter ends. After that, it is reduced by 50% every six months until it is ultimately eliminated.
The Medicare surtax of 0.9% on earned income has been retained. This only applies to employees who earn more than $200,000. That includes wages, income from those who are self-employed, and railroad retirement compensation (RRTA). The threshold is $250,000 for those who are married and filing jointly.
Again, this is not a comprehensive review of the 2018 Tax Reform Bill. It is more of a quick and dirty overview. These are just some of the highlights that I found important for myself and for other people who are working to reach financial independence. Understanding the tax laws might be boring unless you are a CPA. However, creating an optimized tax strategy will greatly impact your financial plan. Everyone who is planning on reaching financial independence should at least be aware of the basics.
Always be sure to check with a financial professional before you make any financial decisions and be sure to read the Disclaimer page.
This entry was posted in Financial Planning and tagged 2018 Tax Brackets, 2018 Tax Reform, ACA Mandate, AGI Deductions, Alternative Minimum Tax, Kiddie Tax, Medicare Surcharge, Mortgage Interest, Roth Conversions, Standard Deduction, State and Local Tax Deductions, TIRA Re-characterization on February 21, 2018 by thefinancialjourneyman.


Cardiff Met's nutrition students in action at Techniquest.
Teams of nutrition students from Cardiff Metropolitan University recently devised some innovative ways of promoting healthy eating which they piloted at Techniquest.
The 'Meal or No Meal' team devised a game based on the popular TV show which saw children identifying healthy and enjoyable dishes.
Digestion was bought to life when visitors pushed ping pong ball foods into a robot mouth, stirred a stomach full of food, sprinkled in enzymes, filtered out the nutrients in the intestines then finally pushed the leftover waste into a toy toilet to their great amusement.
Children were amazed to find out how much water they personally contained when they stood next to an impressive stack of filled water bottles. Students then helped them think how they lose fluid every day and which foods and drinks they would choose to keep hydrated and feeling great.
"Techniquest welcomes the opportunities to inspire families with science. Cardiff Met students made a great contribution on the day, bringing fresh ideas and energy to engage with our visitors in effective ways", said Amanda Meyrick, Head of Education at Techniquest.
"The students really enjoyed the applied nature of this assignment and loved being able to interact with the public. They showed real creativity in using everyday items such as toy trains, lego bricks, pretend cafes, fishing rods and plastic ducks, to convey key evidence based nutrition messages", said Hilary Wickett, Senior Lecturer in Nutrition and Dietetics at Cardiff Metropolitan University.
"Visitors were encouraged to relate everything back to the foods they normally eat which research shows helps people apply healthy eating back at home."


text:
New Research Highlights Trump Campaign's Focus on Microtargeted Messaging via Facebook Ads
No matter how you feel about US President Donald Trump and the way he goes about his business, his campaign's use of digital advertising to boost its messaging - and Facebook ads in particular - is a fascinating case study for social media marketers.
Trump's use of Facebook has been a major topic of debate, with the most recent controversy around Trump's posts prompting hundreds of businesses to boycott Facebook ads in protest over the company's inaction in addressing what many see as hate speech.
But while Trump's personal posts are often divisive, its how his campaign has used ads, and Facebook's granular targeting options, that's potentially even more powerful in activating his supporter base. And it will likely play a key role in determining the eventual winner of the November poll - and this week, we've been given even more insight into the Trump team's 'divide and conquer' Facebook ads approach, including the fact that team Trump has posted 21x more Facebook ad variants than the Biden camp, again highlighting its more intricate, targeted approach.
As reported by Bloomberg:
"Since entering the presidential contest in April 2019, Biden has spent $21 million on Facebook ads compared to $33 million for Trump over the same period, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. But the two campaigns are spending the money very differently."
The variation in spending is significant, but as we saw with Michael Bloomberg's failed campaign, buying reach, alone, won't win you favor.
Bloomberg, at one stage, was actually outpacing Trump's Facebook ad spend, reportedly dumping more than a million dollars per day into Facebook ads during his short-lived campaign. Bloomberg saw Trump's approach and sought to take him on with the same tactic - but where Bloomberg fell short was in this next element highlighted within (somewhat ironically) Bloomberg's analysis:
"The Trump campaign does constant testing of its ads and makes small changes on a daily basis. Through the morning of July 8th, Biden's campaign had bought about 23,000 distinct ads on the platform compared to more than 489,000 for Trump, according to a Bloomberg analysis of data made available by Facebook. About 68% of the president's ads are seen fewer than 1,000 times compared to 34% for Biden, suggesting much more specific micro-targeting by Trump's campaign."
This is the key to Trump's approach, which has been documented in previous profiles of how his campaign utilized Facebook ads. It's not just that Trump spends a lot on maximizing reach, it's the specifics of how his campaign does it.
Earlier this year, Trump campaign chief Brad Parscale spelled this out in clear terms:
"The campaign is all about data collection - if we touch you digitally, we want to know who you are and how you think and get you into our databases so that we can model off it and relearn and understand what's happening."
This approach is particularly interesting in its specifics - back in 2017, Facebook came under massive public pressure after it was revealed that Cambridge Analytica, a mysterious firm which claimed to utilize 'psychographic targeting', had essentially stolen user insights from Facebook, under the guise of academic study. Cambridge Analytica then, allegedly, used those data points to formulate complex data profiles of specific audience subsets, which then enabled it to create more targeted, and in essence, more emotionally manipulative Facebook ads, which subsequently influenced how people voted.
How true that is is difficult to say - Facebook actually says that Cambridge Analytica was not effective at all. But while the issue sparked a whole range of investigations, and a whole new wave of debate over how people's data can, and is being used, what many seem to have missed within the discussion is that the role that Cambridge Analytica claims to have played was actually not essential at all.
Yes, since then, Facebook has shut down access to its data, its put new limits in place on academic study, Facebook has significantly limited how people can be targeted through the utilization of its insights. But Facebook itself still has all that data - and way, way more. And even without the data analysts of CA, businesses can still utilize the same precise targeting, without having to go to so much extra effort.
This is the most interesting element in how the Trump campaign uses Facebook ads.
As per The New Yorker's profile of Brad Parscale from earlier this year:
"One of Parscale's favorite Facebook marketing tools was called Lookalike Audiences. "I mean, it's why the platform's great," he said in an interview with "Frontline," in 2018. [...] If you have a Custom List of three hundred thousand people, Parscale explained to "Frontline," you can use Lookalike Audiences to find another three hundred thousand Facebook users with attributes similar to those in the first group. One of the most difficult tasks of a political campaign - distinguishing likely supporters from the undifferentiated mass of the American electorate - can now be accomplished instantly through artificial intelligence. When the "Frontline" interviewer asked how accurate Lookalike Audiences was, Parscale called it "pretty amazing."
Whereas CA claimed to be able to profile user groups based on certain leanings or ideology, the Trump campaign now essentially does the same without their assistance.
The process works like this - the Trump campaign will publish ad like these, which promote a divisive topic.
Then it all comes down to data collection - the CTA on each of these ads is an email sign-up, which essentially enables the Trump campaign to collect data on who, specifically, is passionate about a specific topic. If a user was incentivized enough to provide their email address, that's a good indicator that this is a key pain point for them.
Collect enough email addresses and you can build a Lookalike Audience based on that info, which can then double, or more, your target audience pool, adding people that Facebook's data matching suggests will likely be equally engaged in the same issue, and will have the same leaning. Run another variant with this new audience and you collect more email addresses, hen you add them to your list of people for that specific subject.
Over time, the Trump campaign - through almost half a million Facebook ad variants - has been able to build very specific custom audiences for its Facebook ads, which enable it to poke each group whenever an issue of specific relevance to them comes up. And when the election nears, they'll poke them again with more specific, targeted messages designed to pull them closer to Trump - whether that's through highlighting his successes or stoking fears of a Biden-led Government on each front.
In this process, you don't need to complex data analysis of Cambridge Analytica, you simply need to use Facebook's existing ad tools to advantage. That comes through data collection, through segmentation, and eventually, through divisive messaging.
Whether you agree with the tactics or not, you can imagine that they would be highly effective.
That's why it's so significant that the Trump camp has posted so many more ad variants, and is spending so much on Facebook ads. It's also why if Facebook were to ban or restrict political ads, it would have such a massive impact. Facebook has argued that by blocking political ads, that would only benefit those with an existing media platform, as it would make it much harder for smaller candidates to get their message in front of more people. That may be true, to a degree, but without Facebook ads to fall back on, the Trump campaign's divisive tactics would be significantly impacted.
That could, arguably, be a better outcome, more so than the potential impact on smaller candidates. We'll likely never know - Facebook continues to resist all calls to ban political ads, though it is, reportedly, now weighing a ban on such in the 72 hours prior to the election.
But the damage would be done by that stage either way - if Facebook was serious about addressing concerns with the misuse of political ads, it would take a look at how its systems facilitates divisive politics, and assess how it could restrict such. Maybe by eliminating Lookalike targeting for political campaigns.
It's too late for this campaign cycle, but when you look at the data, it's clear that stoking fears, and prompting division, is key to the Trump campaigns approach. It's divide and conquer - with the focus on conquest, above all else, now overshadowing the true aim of political process. Which should be in electing the people that are best suited to lead a nation towards greater prosperity.
Filed Under: Digital Strategy Social Marketing Social Media Updates

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


SHANGHAI, China, July 9, 2015 –DuPont Performance Polymers recently installed a 3D Suction blow-molding machine and a 450-ton injection molding machine in Asia-Pacific to strengthen its application development capabilities in the region.
The 3D suction blow molding capability at Utsunomiya Technical Center (UTC) in Japan, in collaboration with Itochu Systech Corporation, helps DuPont better collaborate and drive air-duct development for automotive turbo charged engines.
DuPont also developed in-house simulation tools to predict the 3D suction process and tube twist in the mold to help ensure uniform wall thickness. This investment and the company's unique 3D suction blow molding simulation software will help customers optimize air duct design without physical prototyping.
The newly added 450-ton injection molding machine as well as a 3,800 square-foot DuPont Shanghai Innovation Center are co-located in the China R&D Center, which enhances the regional abilities to help automotive and consumer electronics customers bring innovation to market quickly and cost effectively.
One of the drivers behind the growth that affords these investments relates to increasing need for high performance, lightweight plastics to lower vehicle weight, which improves fuel economy and lowers CO2 emissions. The air duct market is rapidly growing due to global high demand for turbo-charged engines.
In the handheld and consumer electronics market, the need for dduesign flexibility is driving designers to high-performance plastics so they can continue to refresh the look, feel and upgrade performance. The 450-ton injection molding machine can help design engineers support the thin-wall molding for handheld devices, test tooling, optimize processing technology, develop prototypes and access advanced CAE (computer-aided-engineering) capabilities on anisotropic properties characterization.
DuPont supports customer development processes through materials selection, design, processing, prototyping and testing. It can offer the worldwide connection for customers with a network of 10,000 DuPont scientists and application developers to meet regional and global needs.


Ever wanted to travel to NY or Australia and just the flight price scared you?
Let me introduce you Rushflights.com!! The definitive way to visit very far away places for prices that you will never believe. In this web, (as well as the FB page), several offers are published everyday, but, why are this fares so cheap? Like going to NY from 237€, or going to Thailand and Malaysia for 308 € and similar. The web explains it in this article about Error Fares.
Apart from this, the web staff (who I know is fully reliable) can also offer you personalized help to find the best offer that suits you more.
So if you really want to succeed in traveling to that far away corner of the world that you were dreaming of since you were a child, check Rushflights.com and stay tuned to their FB page, and have a look oftenly, because sooner or later, the ideal offer will appear!


text:
Movies/Television
Picture/Video Editing
Survey/Money Making
About The AppAuthority.net
What's the Best GPS App for Your Phone? Top 6 Apps Reviewed
by Robert Gaiser | Jul 3, 2017 | Driving
Here's What Everyone Needs to Know About GPS App Choices
There's no question about it – GPS apps are changing the way our world works, plays and even communicates with family.
Here are a few of the many uses for GPS apps:
find lost phones
find lost children
find lost pets
find lost golf balls
navigate traffic jams
notify meeting attendees of our ETA
Some businesses even use these apps to track employee movement so they can calculate wages and time. From frivolous to downright lifesaving, there's an app for that. Here are six of the most interesting and useful applications.
The Six Most Popular Mobile Phone GPS App Choices Right Now
6. Fly GPS App
Ok, we have to admit that the whole point of Pokemon Go is to get us up, moving and interacting. Of course, wherever there is a game, there is a hack. It's just a thing now. Enter Fly GPS. This app actually lets you play Pokemon Go while sitting comfortably on your bottom, watching Sailor Moon and eating potato chips. Basically, it tricks your phone into thinking that it's somewhere else. Why does that matter? Because you have to physically go to a location to train your Pokemon or engage in battles. Or at least you used to.
Don't put away your walking shoes yet though because the app is a bit glitchy and the joystick makes it hard to control your character. Also, every time Android does an update with a patch to show fake locations the app developers have to scramble for yet another workaround. It's almost like watching a GPS app based arms race.
5. BackCountry Navigator
If you are into backpacking, this hiking GPS app can help you find your way through any terrain. BackCountry Navigator costs $10 per month, but it's worth it if you travel frequently in areas where there is no cell phone signal because it includes offline maps. You can try it before you buy it so you have a chance to check out the extra features it contains like topographical mapping and the ability to mark your location as you travel.
4. GolfLogix
If you have ever wondered what kind of insanity could lead a human being to chase a tiny white ball across miles of golf course, well, you haven't tried GolfLogix! This Golf GPS app gives you free GPS distances for any golf course, any where in the world. You can track up to four player's scores and their stats, and navigate with the included 3D course images and yardage book. It takes an ages-old sport up to a whole new technical level.
The app comes with discounts at thousands of golf courses as an added bonus. While it's functional on Android as well, it's designed most functionally as a GPS app for iPhone because it works in conjunction with the Apple Watch.
3. Family Tracker
It's not paranoid to want to keep track of your kids in this day and age. Thankfully, we have some modern phone apps that help us keep a little peace of mind. Family Tracker is a GPS tracker app that lets you locate your children where ever they are. It's not perfect because they might leave their phone, turn it off or run out of battery. Still, there are a lot of features on this app that help us find our family when it matters. One of the best is the ability to force the phone to make sound whether it's on silent or not. This way you or your family will never miss a text when it's an emergency.
The app costs about $5 to buy and requires in-app purchases for some upgraded services. But most users find it completely worth it for the peace of mind.
2. Maps.ME
Maps.ME is for those who spend a lot of time traveling around the world or in places where there is little to no cell signal. If you are paying for cell service in a remote location, real-time GPS navigation can get quite expensive with the data requirements.
With this app, you can download maps for the areas you need and then use them to create routes with turn by turn instructions. This GPS app also has information stored on over 16,000 restaurants, 4,000 points of interest and more than 14,000 stores. It's been downloaded by literally tens of millions of people worldwide and is available for Android, Apple, Amazon, Blackberry and several other older Android platforms.
Waze is fast becoming the most widely used GPS app for Android. As it rises in popularity, Apple fans are realizing that this is the best GPS app for iPhone as well. Where most iPhone apps require in-app purchases for lane guidance or other perks, Waze gives it all to us for free. Google acquired the GPS navigation app in 2013 for an astounding 1.3 BILLION dollars because it was giving Google Maps a run for it's money. Now, Google maps runs on Waze.
What makes this the best navigation app? It's also a social media app too. Users can input traffic data, warn other drivers of road hazards, traffic jams and yes… speed traps with one click buttons. If this sounds like a bit of a safety hazard, there have been concerns expressed. But these concerns have shown to be mostly unfounded so far.
It appears that Waze's ability to guide drivers to the correct lane for an interchange and warn drivers of upcoming hazards is helping them to drive more safely. Of course, law enforcement isn't too happy about the app's ability to locate speed traps. Regardless of the complaints, there's no question that Waze is taking over the GPS world. In fact, Uber now uses Waze as the onboard navigation tool for all its drivers.
As you can see, whether they are employed as a hack for our favorite game, tracker for our favorite golf course, or practical navigation tool for our busy schedule, GPS apps are changing our lives in a big way. Hopefully you've found a couple new and interesting apps to try out in this list. Of the six above, are you using any? If so, which are your favorites? How do you think they'll continue to change our lives in the future? Leave us a comment below!
IMAGE SOURCE: 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
Categories Select Category Applications Blog Camera Coupon Dating Driving Employment Financial Fitness Games Health Mobile Applications Movies/Television Music Picture/Video Editing Scheduling Social Media Survey/Money Making Uncategorized
Apps That Pay You To Walk: Earn Money Easily
Manageflitter Alternatives, 3 Replacements For Managing Twitter
Looking For Memes? Find SnapChat Friends Now
What Does the Speech Jammer App Do?
Thesaurus App Might Be Handy For Writers
Does Number Guru Really Work? Useful Guidelines
Copyright ©2020 AppAuthority.net


Founded by Fran Heitzman (pictured above cutting the ribbon), Bridging is a Twin-cities based nonprofit organization that improves lives by providing furniture and household goods to those transitioning out of homelessness and poverty. It has become the largest furniture bank in the United States and Canada and has furnished over 75,000 homes since 1987. Driven by volunteers and donations of furniture from the community, it truly bridges the gap between those who have and those who have not.
Take a look at our involvement!
Since 2009, Room & Board has partnered with Bridging by donating furniture that we can no longer sell. In addition, our Delivery Associates collect unwanted furniture from our customers when dropping off their new pieces to donate to the program.
Bridging recently purchased a new building in Roseville, Minnesota, and we had the opportunity to be a part of the design. Our Business Interiors team helped Bridging plan three main spaces: the entryway, lobby and a multi-functional break area-conference room. We donated furniture for these spaces as well as paint to create a seamless palette throughout.
The welcoming entryway features a Portica bench and Portica end table underneath an Infinity round mirror. There is also a small seating area complete with two Amos swivel chairs, an Ian sofa, a Portica coffee table, a Streeter floor lamp.
The lobby area creates several gathering spots with Portica square tables and Hirsch dining chairs. There is also a lounge area on the left with two more Amos swivel chairs, an Ian sofa, a Portica coffee table, and a set of Sky pendants .
Portica tables and Sabrina chairs create a stylish and functional break room that doubles as the Bridging conference room for meetings, events and other large gatherings.
Need help designing your home or business? Contact a Design Associate in-store, over the phone or online for help designing your dream space.


text:
Posts Tagged 'europe'
Risky Sex Returns Syphilis To Europe
Posted by Job on December 22, 2007
Original link here. Risky Sex Returns Syphilis to Europe By MARIA CHENG
LONDON (AP) — Syphilis is back: The sexually transmitted disease long associated with 19th Century bohemian life is making an alarming resurgence in Europe.
"Syphilis used to be a very rare disease," said Dr. Marita van de Laar, an expert in sexually transmitted diseases at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. "I'm not sure we can say that anymore."
Most cases of syphilis are in men, and experts point to more risky sex among gay men as the chief cause for the resurgence. But more cases are being seen among heterosexuals, both men and women, too.
Syphilis was the sexual scourge of the 19th Century, and is believed to have killed artists like poet Charles Baudelaire, composer Robert Schumann, and painter Paul Gauguin. But the widespread use of penicillin in the 1950s all but wiped it out in the Western world.
In the last decade, however, syphilis has unexpectedly returned, driven by risky sexual behavior and outbreaks in major cities across Europe, including London, Amsterdam, Paris and Berlin.
_ In Britain, syphilis cases have leapt more than tenfold for men and women in the past decade to 3,702 in 2006, according to the Health Protection Agency. Among men in England, the syphilis rate jumped from one per 100,000 in 1997 to nine per 100,000 last year.
_ In Germany, the rate among men was fewer than two per 100,000 in 1991; by 2003, it was six per 100,000.
_ In France, there were 428 cases in 2003 — almost 16 times the number just three years earlier.
_ In the Netherlands, cases doubled from 2000 to 2004. In Amsterdam, up to 31 men per 100,000 were infected, while the rate was much lower in other regions.
Similar trends have been seen in the United States.
In 2000, syphilis infection rates were so low that the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention embarked on a plan to eliminate the disease. But about 9,800 cases were reported in 2006.
In Europe, Van de Laar said syphilis' reappearance was so surprising that many doctors initially had trouble diagnosing it.
Though these days it mainly affects urban gay men, experts worry that the disease could also rebound in the general population if stronger efforts to fight it are not taken soon.
In 2005, British authorities reported that syphilis was spreading across the entire country, and that more heterosexual men and women were being infected.
"These increases may lead to increases in diagnoses of congenital syphilis over the coming years," said Kate Swan, a spokeswoman for the Health Protection Agency.
Pregnant women with syphilis can pass it on to their babies. Nearly half of all babies infected with syphilis while they are in the womb die shortly before or after birth.
Syphilis is a bacterial disease causing symptoms that include ulcers, sores and rashes. In extreme cases, it can result in dementia or fatally damage the heart, respiratory and central nervous systems. Syphilis is treatable with antibiotics if caught early.
Once there are more than just a few isolated cases, containing the disease is difficult.
Advances made in treating AIDS may have inadvertently boosted syphilis' spread.
"The evidence points to an increase in unsafe sexual behavior since anti-retrovirals for AIDS came along in 1996," said van de Laar.
After decades of being instructed to use condoms and to limit the number of sexual partners, some people are probably suffering from "safe sex fatigue," van de Laar said. The Internet has also allowed people to find sexual partners more easily than before, and some experts link the rise of dating Web sites to the jump in syphilis cases.
For some men, the Internet connections can be especially dangerous.
"Networks of HIV-positive men to find other positive men have sprung up on the Internet," said Jonathan Elford, an AIDS epidemiologist at London's City University.
Some men who have the AIDS virus are seeking condom-free sex with other men who are also HIV-infected. However, they aren't protected against syphilis and other sexually spread diseases. Among gay men who have syphilis in Britain, nearly half have HIV, Elford said.
Amid this resurgence, some officials are now attacking the epidemic online.
Every day, health workers at the Terrence Higgins Trust, Europe's largest AIDS charity, log into chatrooms on a popular British gay dating Web site to spread safe sex messages and answer questions.
"We know that men are arranging hook-ups for sex online," said Mark Thompson, the charity's deputy head of health promotion. "So we decided to tap into cyberspace to try reaching them before unsafe sex might happen."
Posted in adultery, AIDS, Christianity, EU, gay rights, homosexuality, pornea, sex demon, sexual exploitation, social breakdown, societal decline, sodomy | Tagged: europe, fornication, gay agenda, HIV, syphilis | Leave a Comment »


text:
Sabellides manriquei is een borstelworm uit de familie Ampharetidae. Het lichaam van de worm bestaat uit een kop, een cilindrisch, gesegmenteerd lichaam en een staartstukje. De kop bestaat uit een prostomium (gedeelte voor de mondopening) en een peristomium (gedeelte rond de mond) en draagt gepaarde aanhangsels (palpen, antennen en cirri).

Sabellides manriquei werd in 1996 voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Salazar-Vallejo.

Ampharetidae


A guide to the mice life cycle – What do mice eat?
Mice are a very common creature that we see in our daily lives. They are mainly seen as common household pests as they have the tendency to enter our houses and create a lot of problems in our lives. Not all see these mice in the same light. Some people find them very cute and adorable. Many keep mice as pets. Another fact that can be very revolting for some is that in many parts of the world, the meat of mice is considered to be a delicacy. Here we are going to discuss the mice life cycle that will give us a detailed view about these rodents.
The gestation period of the different types of the mice usually last for about 20 days. This starts immediately after the successful breeding of the parent mice couple. This period is not very prolonged and this gives way to the other stages of the mice life cycle. Thus, the gestation period of mice is the starting point of their lives.
After the brief gestation period, comes the time for the mother to give birth to the litter. The baby mice are called pups. The average number of babies that the mother gives birth to ranges from 10-12. This is the starting of the actual lifespan of mice as we begin to start the process of numbering the days of its life from this day onwards.
This stage is very brief for the mice. The stage of infancy has duration of only one week. During this time in the life of the mice, the pups are very helpless as they can do nothing by themselves. They depend on the mother who feeds them, nurtures them, cares for them and protects them. The pups of brown mice also pass through the same stage. The pups do not have open eyes. The eyes open only at the end of their infancy. The body of the pups is devoid of any fur.
The body of the mice pups shows the first signs of entering the second stage, which is the adolescence, with the start of the appearance of fur on their body during the ending of the first stage of their lives. The brown mice show the emergence of tiny, very light brown furs on their bodies. Adolescence lasts for a few weeks and this give a new shape to the personality of the mice. Their eyes open during the second week of their lives. The new sight makes the mice very active. They start learning to fend for themselves. The appetite of the mice grows to support the energy needs of the growing body. During the gestation period of mice, the mother provides all the energy to the fetus. The mice get to their optimal sexual activeness when they are around 5-10 weeks old.
The mice gain their adulthood after reaching optimal sexual maturity. This is the most important stage where mice becomes independent and fends for itself. This is the stage where the mice look out for a mate to reproduce and give birth to their own pups. This is the most important and the last stage in the life to the mice.
The most important thing that has to be kept in mind is the average life span of the common mice. There are many factors that influence this. Average common house mice have a life span of around 2 to 3 years. Within this time span, the mice complete the different stages of their lives. Thought, it has been seen that if proper conditions favoring the life of a mouse are provided, they can live for about 6 years. This can only be possible if proper food and medical care is provided to the mice.
Thus, this article brings to the limelight the various stages which are related to the life of a mouse and the average life span of it.


This bizarre sculpture is called "Moonbird" by a Spaniard, Joan Miro.
The sculpture looks like a cow to me, not a moonbird, but I must confess that I've yet to see an actual moonbird. Perhaps this is a faithful representation of moonbirds, whatever they are. On second thought, the words "faithful representation" are almost-certainly banned from the lexicon of Modern Art.
The Museum of Modern Art features in Bluebeard by Kurt Vonnegut, which I've recently read. The main character, artist Rabo Karebekian, rebels against the realistic painting style of his mentor, goes on to create thousands of Modern Art paintings, but because of a certain chemical in the paint he uses, each and every one of them spontaneously disintegrates and is lost forever. It's a symbol of the shallowness of Modern Art, as I read it, but Vonnegut also criticizes the super-realist style of the mentor, so who knows what he's saying.


* Sin Cara pinned Ryback.
* The Bella Twins defeated Alicia Fox and Aksana.
* Sweet T defeated Brodus Clay.
* Dolph Ziggler pinned Alberto Del Rio with a Zig Zag.
* Great Khali destroyed Curtis Axel.
* Cody Rhodes & Goldust beat The Real Americans in the best match on the show.
* John Cena beat Randy Orton via DQ after being hit with a low blow. Orton retained the WWE title. I really hated the ending here. WWE comes to the area maybe a few times a year and that's the ending they send us home with?


While Faculty users or administrators conducting a bulk data load, then they should be able to choose a status of "Withdrawn". This status operates the same as other statuses with respect to data loads, reports, and vita output.
This status is a "terminating status" make sure that this new status works in reports, vita, etc.
In order to remain compliant with local standards, this feature is not available to Faculty180 users that are on a Canada-based Faculty180 server, if you have questions about this reach out to your Institutional Administrator at your Canadian institution.
If you have two interfolio accounts, you now have the ability to merge your accounts to unify all of your materials and deliveries. More information is available at the guide explaining the feature.
Users with more than one Interfolio account can merge their account through the account settings.
Using this tool, users will be able to type in their sets of login information to confirm their account ownership for both accounts.
All data, emails, documents, credentials, and associations will be merged. The source account being the primary.
All F180 accounts that attempt to merge will have to go through a waiting period while the accounts are manually merged. This expedites the previous process of having to contact help first.


text:
Abou al-`Oula Idriss al-Wathiq (أبو العلا أبو الدبوس الواثق بالله إدريس بن محمد بن أبي عبد الله محمد بن أبي حفص بن عبد المؤمن abū al-`ulā abū ad-dabbūs al-wāθiq bi-llah idrīs ben muḥammad ben abī `abd allah muḥammad ben abī ḥafṣ ben `abd al-mū'min) dit Abû Dabbûs (أبو الدبوس abū ad-dabbūs) est né à une date inconnue. Il succéda à Abû Hafs `Umar al-Murtadâ en 1266 comme calife de la dynastie des Almohades.

Histoire
Un premier siège de Marrakech par le sultan mérinide Abû Yûsuf Ya`qûb ben `Abd al-Haqq fut un échec. Abû Yûsuf Ya`qûb négocia une alliance avec Abû Dabbûs qui prit Marrakech en 1266 et devint calife en renversant Abû Hafs `Umar al-Murtadâ en 1267. Abû Dabbûs rompit aussitôt son alliance et incita l'abdelwadide Yaghmoracen Ibn Zian à attaquer Abû Yûsuf Ya`qûb à revers. Abû Yûsuf Ya`qûb vainquit ce nouvel adversaire en 1268 et retourna faire le siège de Marrakech qu'il prit en septembre 1269. Cette défaite d'Abû Dabbûs marqua la fin de la dynastie almohade.

Son vizir:
 Abû Zayd ben Abî `Imrân (1242-1248) (بو زيد بن أبي عمران محمد بن أبي حفصأأ abū zayd ben abī `imrān muḥammad ben abī ḥafṣ)

Bibliographie
 Charles-André Julien, Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830, édition originale 1931, réédition Payot, Paris, 1994

Lien externe
 Le site en arabe http://www.hukam.net/

Calife almohade du XIIIe siècle
Décès en 1269


DALLAS—10/26/17—RMG Networks Holding Corporation (NASDAQ: RMGN), or RMG, a global leader in technology-driven visual communications, announced the launch of KorbytGO™, the premier mobile app that enables organizations to connect with all employees, managers and leadership with the device that is most readily used and preferred by employees — mobile.
KorbytGO was recently unveiled at a major Internal Communications conference hosted by Microsoft in conjunction with Ragan Communications. Ragan Communications is the leading consulting organization and publisher of information about internal and employee communications in North America.
After RMG's participation at the recent Ragan event at Microsoft, RMG is scheduled to be the keynote speaker at Ragan's next event (The Role of Communications in Creating Best Places to Work) being held in conjunction with Genentech in San Francisco.
The launch of KorbytGO is anticipated to open significant new opportunities for RMG, as the addressable market includes global companies with 1,000 or more employees. Correspondingly, KorbytGO has the potential to impact tens of millions of employees. According to a recent survey conducted by RMG and Ragan, 83 percent of internal communicators noted they were not currently using mobile, yet 66 percent thought they should focus more on mobile. Ragan's research indicates a trend in mobile communications as a major player for the future of internal communications.
KorbytGO is the mobile and desktop extension of Korbyt™, RMG's powerful, next-generation visual enterprise communications platform, that the company launched in October. KorbytGO leverages Korbyt's seamless content creation and management platform and enables organizations to leverage truly multi-channel communications to desktop, mobile and digital signage. Further, the mobile app is backed by Korbyt's rich data and analytics capabilities that enables organizations to effectively track employee engagement, and a robust API set that helps enable data integration with virtually any enterprise-level data sources.
For more information, please visit www.korbytgo.com.


Returns the number of channels recorded by the Microphone. One recorded channel will result in a mono sound, and there will be two channels for a stereo sound. Most microphones only support recording a single channel.
channels number The number of channels recorded.


Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi has approved proposal increasing retirement age of central health services doctors to 65 years. It will be effective from from 31st May 2016. The proposal was made by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for enhancing the age of superannuation of all doctors of the Central Health Service to 65 years.
Retaining experienced doctors for longer period of time will help the patients and juniors doctors as well. This approval will also allow those seniors doctors to take PG students for longer period of time, which will help in increasing PG medical seats in all specialties in central health services.
Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare Shri J P Nadda stated that this step will empower the Government to strengthen the healthcare sector in the country. It will help in providing additional doctors in the health pool of the country, he added. This will strengthen the efforts of the Ministry in conceptualising and rolling out various people-oriented schemes which l need the services of doctors in implementing them, Shri Nadda stated.
This approval has been posted on twitter by Ministry of Health, J P Nadda and PM Narendra Modi twitter accounts.
Central Government has decided to enhance superannuation age of all doctors in Central Health Service to 65 years with effect 31st May 2016.
With this step, we retain our experienced doctors for a longer period & provide quality health services to citizens, particularly the poor.


text:
Q: How to extract multiple strings from a single file in C Ciao,
Look at my code below.
That`s a standard program for Log in authentication.
In the file "Login.txt"  located 1 string with user name.
When program starts, it asks to enter the user name, then compare this string with the string saved in "Login.txt", if both equal then - success, if not equal, then we can try only 3 times till the program ends;
I need to save in "Login.txt" 3 strings (user names) for example:
Brad
David
Peter
So I need to call each string from "Login.txt separately to char buf[], then to call scanf function (David - for example), after use strcmp for both, and as a result both strings should be equal each other;
Question:
How to extract multiple strings "separately" and put each to different char buf[] from a single file in C FILE .txt?
Thank you in advance.
CODE:
int main() {

    system("cls");
    FILE *p;
    int n=3,b,v;
    char buf[20],buf2[20],Login[20],Password[20];
    p=fopen("Login.txt","rt");
    fgets(buf,20,p);
    fclose(p);
    p=fopen("Password.txt","rt");
    fgets(buf2,20,p);
    fclose(p);
    printf("%s",buf);
    do {
        printf("Please Log in. You have %d tries\n",n);
        printf("Enter your Login\n");
        scanf("%s",Login);
        printf("\nEnter your Password\n");
        scanf("%s",Password);
        printf("\nCompare Login = %d Compare Login = %d\n",strcmp(buf,Login),strcmp(buf2,Password));
        n--;
        b=strcmp(buf,Login);
        v=strcmp(buf2,Password);

        if (v==0&&b==0){
            printf("\nYou logged in\n\n");
            break;
        }
        else if (n==0) {
            printf("\nYou failed\n\n");
        }
    }
    while (n!=0);
}

A: It sounds like your asking how to get both your username and password from the same file. Yes?
In order to extract the username and password from a single string (buf), you need to use a delimiter to separate them. Let's say Login.txt looks like this:
MyUsername1
MyPassword1
MyUsername2
MyPassword2

In this case, the delimiter is the line ending characters (\r\n on Windows).
You need split the string stored in buf apart using, for example, strtok or strsep (see an example).
It's going to take some learning on your part to figure out exactly how to do it. If I just type up a fully functioning program for you, you won't learn anything; so I'm not going to do that.


Piercing Arrow Private School believes in the development of the whole child. Our goal is to prepare each student academically, socially, emotionally and spiritually through a Christ-centered environment. Our program is designed to create a "love for learning" in each child. we achieve these goals by surpassing typical school standards. We set the bar high and strive to meet every standard with excellence.
» Each student is different, and we believe that when a teacher understands the relative strengths and weaknesses of a student, they are able to individualize their attention to better help them develop and improve on themselves as a student and a Christian.
The School offers Spanish, French, German, cooking, sewing, music, comupter, painting and wood-working crafts.
PIERCING ARROW SCHOOL © 2018 - All Rights Reserved.


A good alternative would be to install red-light cameras at selected intersections. Red-light cameras would photograph from the rear cars that run red lights.
This evidence would then be used to issue fines to violators.
Red-light cameras have already been installed in Philadelphia, and there has been a significant decrease in instances of drivers there running red lights.
This practice should be extended to State College for the benefit of all of its residents.


I'm about to move to Abu Dhabi. Can anyone recommend a good VPN service that allows to use Skype and to see british Tv, and that is also reliable?
Shhhhhh.... vee pee en attracts interest from the Thought Police. Don't spoil it for us!
I started a thread on this about a month ago (somewhere in the ME forum), and got very good responses--try a search. Signed up with one and it works a treat. But I can't remember just now what its called. When I next log on using my private laptop I'll drop you a PM.