text:
Law School Events
[PAST EVENT] Workshop with Prof. James Q. Whitman (Yale) (W&M students, faculty, staff only)
Law School, Faculty Room
613 S Henry St
On Wednesday, February 26th, Professor James Q. Whitman of Yale Law School will give a workshop on a paper titled "The Justice of Enslavement: Homeric Values in Roman Slave Law." Due to limited seating, this workshop is open only to William & Mary students, faculty and staff.
Lunch will be served. For a copy of the paper, which will be pre-circulated, contact tjmcsweeney@wm.edu.
Please note that Professor Whitman will present the Marshall-Wythe Lecture in Legal History at the Law School on Tuesday, February 25. The lecture is free and members of the public are welcome to attend. For more, visit the lecture website.
Biography (law.yale.edu):
James Q. Whitman is the Ford Foundation Professor of Comparative and Foreign Law at Yale Law School. He earned his B.A. and J.D. from Yale University and Law School and also holds an M.A. in European History from Columbia University and a Ph.D. in Intellectual History from the University of Chicago. From 1988-1989, Professor Whitman clerked for the Hon. Ralph K. Winter of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, then began his teaching career at Stanford University Law School. He has taught as a visiting professor at universities in France and Italy and has been a professor at Yale Law School since 1994. In 1996 he became the Ford Foundation Professor of Comparative and Foreign Law. Professor Whitman's many articles have been published internationally and across disciplines. He has also been awarded numerous prizes and fellowships throughout his career. In 2008 he published The Origins of Reasonable Doubt: Theological Roots of the Criminal Trial, which received an honorable mention, Silver Gavel Award, American Bar Association, 2009. His book The Verdict of Battle: The Law of Victory and the Making of Modern War appeared in 2012. He was a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow in 2010-2011. His other scholarship includes an article, "The Two Western Cultures of Privacy: Dignity versus Liberty" published in the 2004 volume of The Yale Law Journal. His 2003 book, Harsh Justice: Criminal Punishment and the Widening Divide Between America and Europe, published by the Oxford University Press, won the 2004 Distinguished Book Award of the Division of International Criminology of the American Society of Criminology.
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text:
University of Zurich UZH News All articles 2021 Embroideries, Appliqués and Pleats as Carriers of Cultural Meaning
Ethnographic Museum at the University of Zurich
Dr. Martina Wernsdörfer, curator
(jpg, 2.85 MB) Fabric cap in black cotton velvet with embroidery and appliqués in coloured silk. An attachment in the shape of a dragon adorns the crown of the cap. In the mythology of the Miao societies, dragons are associated with fertility, prosperity and protection. (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH)
(jpg, 3.37 MB) Indigo dyed cotton jacket. The back is decorated with silk felt appliqués, themselves embroidered with coloured silk. (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH)
(jpg, 4.98 MB) Two contemporary embroideries made of cotton, embroidered with coloured silk in the flat stitch technique. Both of them show scenes from the Miao women's textile craft. (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH)
(jpg, 4.81 MB) Collars for toddlers made of different coloured cotton in plain weave. In their embroidery work Miao women often combine function and aesthetics: e.g. in decorative stitches that simultaneously hold together the upper fabric, stiffening interlining and lower fabric. (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH)
(jpg, 5.11 MB) Nappy made of indigo dyed cotton fabric in plain weave. Two layers of fabric are quilted with white cotton in running-stitch lines. (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH)
(jpg, 4.07 MB) Three pleated skirts made of indigo-dyed cotton in plain weave, decorated with embroidery and appliqués. The pleated skirt is the red thread in the clothing of the Miao women. (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH)
(jpg, 2.97 MB) Detail of a decorative fabric piece sewn onto jackets, for example at the collar or at the front, along the opening. (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH)
(jpg, 3.30 MB) Two children's aprons with attached collars. If one imagines the collar placed around the child's neck, the flat shapes become a silver necklace with fine hangings attached all around. (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH)
Embroideries, Appliqués and Pleats as Carriers of Cultural Meaning
The Ethnographic Museum at the University of Zurich is showing textiles made by Miao societies in Southwest China for the first time. The new exhibition Hidden Complexities showcases the complex textile skills and knowledge of Miao women based on 400 items of clothing, fabric and tools. And it reveals that there is far more to the stunning colors, patterns and materials than meets the eye.
Three pleated skirts made of indigo-dyed cotton in plain weave, decorated with embroidery and appliqués. The pleated skirt appears in countless variations, but always remains recognisable in its basic form. (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH).
The Hidden Complexities exhibition doesn't open with fanciful colorful embroidery. Instead, visitors enter a kind of box that is entirely clad with indigo-dyed fabrics, the basic material which the Miao societies in Southwest China use to make their clothing. This opening to the exhibition was designed by Karola Kauffmann, who is a professional hand weaver, textile artist and former owner of the exhibited collection. "The various surface textures and the subtle shades of blue, violet and copper are meant to heighten the senses and to allow visitors to take a look at what's behind the exhibits' captivating exterior," explains Kauffmann.
Overture: Extensive textile culture of the Miao
The diverse clothing culture and textile skills of the Miao societies are the focus of the first exhibition space. Visitors learn about various embroidery, pleating and appliqué techniques and can try their hand at some of them for themselves. Over the length of the exhibition, this will result in a collaborative new work.
Different exhibits highlight how the Miao craft has changed with time. For example, the Miao's sewing utensils used to be kept in needle cases featuring elaborately folded, colorful compartments. Today, there are also sewing kits that contain custom-length threads and pieces of fabric along with step-by-step instructions. This side by side of old and new is a distinctive feature of contemporary Miao textile culture, and it is brought to life in the exhibition through a market scene typical of Guizhou province. The items displayed here cover the whole range from specialist needles to finished garments, and from machine-embroidered artificial silk to hand-sewn silk appliqués on cotton.
Detail of a decorative fabric piece sewn onto jackets, for example at the collar or at the front, along the opening. (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH) (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH)
Outside perception: Clothing style as a common feature?
The passage between the first and second exhibition space is devoted to the outside perception of the Miao societies over time from a textile perspective. The term Miao has only been used since 1949 for distinct ethnic minority groups who today live mainly in Guizhou province. In addition to linguistic similarities, these people also share the same elaborate clothing culture. For centuries the region's textile diversity has attracted the attention of travelers, writers and imperial magistrates alike. The exhibition presents three examples from different eras: Ancient illustrations for the emperor, Socialist New Year's posters from the 1950s, and contemporary tourist photographs of cultural events.
Self-representation: Proficiency with needle and thread
The second part of the exhibition focuses on the multilayered textile skills of the Miao women. Based on a selection of children's clothes, the exhibition demonstrates the full range of weaving, stitching, appliqué and dyeing techniques, and the diligence in picking fabrics and motifs. The children's garments are arranged opposite 16 variations of the characteristic Miao indigo-dyed pleated skirts, in various stages of completion. The pleated skirts, which depending on the number of pleats require considerable amounts of fabric, are the clothing item that links all Miao women
Between these two key components of Miao clothing culture, visitors can explore the manufacturing process, dyeing techniques, style and design elements, and dive into the vast expertise and artisanship that lie beneath the dazzling arrangements of color and patterns. "Each exhibit is unique and carries meaning," explains Martina Wernsdörfer, Chinese studies scholar and exhibition curator. "Wealth, social status and region of origin as well as individual taste and creativity are all expressed through the clothes." The exhibition also covers current technological and social change processes and invites visitors to reflect on their diversity.
Two children's aprons with attached collars. The sophistication of the filigree embroidered motifs is revealed when one thinks about how the aprons are worn. (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH) (Image: Kathrin Leuenberger 2021 © VMZ UZH)
Hidden Complexities – Unfolding Miao Women's Textile Skills
Exhibition in the Ethnographic Museum at the University of Zurich
Pelikanstrasse 40, 8001 Zurich
12 December 2021 to 15 January 2023
Tue, Wed, Fri 10am–5pm, Thu 10am–7pm, Sat 2pm–5pm, Sun 11am–5pm
The exhibition opening will take place at 12:00 noon on 12 December 2021. Participation is possible on site and online; registration is required in both cases.
www.musethno.uzh.ch/en/Miao

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EMA Partners launches Quest magazine
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text:
\section{Introduction}
It is well known that the inflationary era, or simply inflation,  has been a
fundamental contributor to our understanding of the early Universe. In this sense,
 inflation has been successful in explaining
some of cosmological puzzles, i.e., the horizon and  flatness
problems etc. \cite{Sta,guth, linde1983}. However, the most
important
 element in  this  scenario,  is that inflation
 gives us a  theoretical framework within which
to describe   the large-scale structure (LSS)\cite{est}, as well as  the
 anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB)
radiation from the early Universe\cite{CMB}.  From  observational point of view, the Planck satellite \cite{Pl2013}
 together with the LSS
experiments \cite{New1} (in particular considering  the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data), have been
 fundamental  to our understanding of the CMB anisotropies of the Universe.

With respect to the inflationary  epoch, it  thought that it is
driven by a scalar field or simply inflaton  that  can interact
fundamentally  with other fields, and also with the
gravity.  In this sense, it is natural to consider
 the
non-minimal coupling between the scalar field and the
gravitation. Historically, the non-minimal coupling with gravity and in particular with  the   Ricci scalar, was originally studied in radiation problems
\cite{rad}. Within the context of
 the renormalization of the quantum
fields in curved backgrounds was considered in
 Refs.\cite{r1,r2}. From the point of view of cosmology this non-minimal
 coupling of the scalar field was originally analyzed  in Ref.\cite{Jor},
 and also for the authors
 Brans and Dicke \cite{BD}, see also
 Ref.\cite{B1}. In the literature of the  Eighties, the cosmic inflation in the framework of the induced gravity
 scalar-tensor theory has been studied in Refs.\cite{81,82,83}.
  In particular, a description of the inflationary models
 considering
the non-minimal coupling between the scalar field and the
gravitation, has been developed in  Refs.\cite{Spo,val,fakir,
faraoni,Amendola:1999qq,Uzan:1999ch}. Particularly, in
Ref.\cite{fakir} was studied  the chaotic model considering  this
coupling. In Ref.\cite{futamase} was assumed  the effective
chaotic potential $V\approx\varphi^{n}$ in which $n>4$,
considering one large scale for the field  $\varphi$ within the
framework to this coupling. Here, the authors obtained  different
constraints on the parameter-coupling $\xi$, also see
 Ref.\cite{Bb2}. For the relation between the tensor to scalar ratio and the scalar spectral index
 i.e., the consistency relation was
studied in Ref.\cite{new1} and applied to chaotic inflation model,
 and  a global stability analysis also was studied in
Ref.\cite{new2}. Recently, the frame-independent classification of
single-field inflationary models was considered in
Ref.\cite{Jarv:2016sow}, and the important case of Higgs inflation
in the non-minimally coupled inflation sector was studied in Ref.\cite{bezrukov}.

Within the context of the dynamics background for the inflationary model,   exact solutions
within the framework of the General Relativity (GR)
can be found when the scale factor expands exponentially from  a constant potential,  ``de  Sitter''
inflationary model\cite{guth}. Similarly, an expansion of the power-law type, in
which the scale factor $a(t)\propto t^p$ with $p>1$, can  be obtained from an exponential potential  giving
exact solutions\cite{power}. Nevertheless, intermediate inflation  is
other kind of exact solution, in which  the expansion of the scale factor
 is slower than de Sitter expansion, but
faster than power-law type.  During intermediate expansion
the scalar factor $a(t)$ expands as
\begin{equation}
a(t)=\exp[A\,t^f],\label{int}
\end{equation}
where $A$ and $f$ are two constants, in which  $A>0$ and
$0<f<1$\cite{int}. As mentioned previously, this  inflationary
model was originally studied in order to find an exact solution to
the background equations. Nevertheless from the observational
point of view, intermediate inflation  is more effectively
motivated  under the slow-roll approximation \cite{Barr}.
Here, considering
 the slow-roll approximation,
 it is feasible
to find a scalar spectral index $n_s\sim 1$, and this kind of
spectrum is favored by the current CMB data. In particular  for
the specific value of $f=2/3$ in which the scale factor varies  as
$a(t)\propto t^{2/3}$, the scalar spectral index becomes $n_s=1$,
i.e., the Harrizon-Zel'dovich spectrum. However, within the  GR
framework this model presents a fundamental problem due to the
fact that the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r>0.1$,  wherewith the
model is disfavored from observational data, as a result of the
Planck data's establishment of an upper bound for the ratio $r$ at
pivot scale $k_*=0.002$Mpc$^{-1}$, in which $r_{0.002}<0.1$.  In
this form, the model of intermediate inflation in the GR framework
does not work.

In this paper we would like to study the possible actualization of
an expanding intermediate inflation within the framework of a
non-minimal coupling with the curvature. We will explore the
dynamics from the slow roll approximation  in this theory
considering a function $F(\varphi)=\kappa+\xi_n\varphi^n$. Within this
context, we will
 find    the cosmological perturbations; scalar perturbation and tensor
 perturbation, and from the  trajectories in the $r-n_s$ plane, and  we will establish whether  or not the model works.
In our analysis, we shall resort to  Planck
satellite\cite{Ade:2013uln} in order to constrain the parameters
in our model.

The outline of the article is as follows. The next section
presents the background dynamics and we find  the slow roll
solutions for our model. In Sect. III we determine the
corresponding cosmological perturbations. Finally, in Sect. IV we
summarize our finding. We chose units so that $c=\hbar=1$.

\section{Intermediate inflation: Background equations }

We consider a generalized induced- gravity action in Jordan frame
given by
\begin{equation}
S=\int d^4x \sqrt{-g}\left[ \frac{F(\varphi)}{2} R
-\frac{1}{2}g^{\mu\nu}\varphi_{;\mu}\varphi_{;\nu} - V
(\varphi)\right], \label{eq1}
\end{equation}
where $F(\varphi)$ can be an arbitrary function of the scalar
field in the Jordan frame,  $R$ is the Ricci scalar and
$V$($\varphi$) is the effective potential associated to the scalar
field $\varphi$.

Different types of the functions $F(\varphi)$  have been studied in the
literature. In particular when the function $F(\varphi)=(1-\xi\varphi^2)$ coincides with the non
minimal coupling action, see Ref.\cite{ab}. Also, the special case in
which the function $F(\varphi)\propto\varphi^2$ was studied in
\cite{kaiser}. In the following, we will assume that the function
$F(\varphi)$ is defined as
\begin{equation}
F(\varphi)=\kappa+\xi_n\varphi^{n},\label{eq10}
\end{equation}
where $\kappa=\frac{1}{8\pi G}=\frac{M_p^2}{8\pi}$, with $M_p$ is
the reduced Planck mass and  the quantities $n$ (dimensionless)
and $\xi_n$ (with units of $M_p^{2-n}$) are two constants. In the
particular case in which the exponent of the function corresponds
to  $n=2$ ($\xi_{n=2}=\xi$) together with $\kappa=0$, coincides
with that corresponding induced-gravity model studied in
Ref.\cite{accetta}.

From the action given by Eq.(\ref{eq1}), the cosmological
equations  in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson- Walker (FRW)
cosmological model in the Jordan frame are given by

\begin{equation}
H^2=\frac{1}{6F}\left[\dot{\varphi}^2+2V - 6H\dot F\right],\label{eq2}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\dot{H}=\frac{1}{2F}\left[-\dot{\varphi}^2+H\dot F -\ddot F\right],\label{eq3}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
V_{,\,\varphi}= 3F_{,\,\varphi} (\dot{H}+2H^2)
-3H\dot{\varphi}-\ddot{\varphi},\label{eq4}
\end{equation}
where $H=\dot{a}/a$ is the Hubble parameter and  $a$ corresponds
to  the scale factor. Here, the dots means derivatives with
respect to time and the subscription $(,\,\varphi)$ means
derivatives with respect to scalar field $\varphi$.

Introducing the slow- roll parameters defined by

\begin{equation}
\epsilon_{1}\equiv
-\frac{\dot{H}}{H^{2}},\;\;\;\;\;\epsilon_{2}\equiv
\frac{\ddot{\varphi}}{H\dot{\varphi}},\;\;\;\;\epsilon_{3}\equiv
\frac{\dot{F}}{2HF},\;\;\;\;\mbox{and}\;\;\;\;\epsilon_{4}\equiv
\frac{\dot{E}}{2HE},\label{eq5}
\end{equation}
in which $\epsilon_{i}\ll1$ and its evolution
$\dot\epsilon_{i}\simeq 0$ during inflation. Here, the quantity
$E$ is defined as $E= F(1+\frac{3\dot{F}^2}{2F\dot{\varphi}^2})$.

Considering the slow roll parameter $\epsilon_{3}$, we have
$\frac{\ddot{F}}{2F}=H\dot \epsilon_{3}$, then we can neglect the
last right side term in Eq. (\ref{eq3}), thus during the slow roll
scenario we get

\begin{equation}
2F\dot H + \dot\varphi^{2}-H\dot F\simeq0.\label{eq9}
\end{equation}

Now combing Eqs.(\ref{int}), (\ref{eq10}) and (\ref{eq9}) we find
that the  differential equation for the scalar field is given by

\begin{equation}
2Af(f-1) t^{f-2}(\kappa+\xi_n\varphi^{n}) + \dot{\varphi}^{2} -
Afn\xi_n t^{f-1}\varphi^{n-1}\dot{\varphi}=0.\label{eq12}
\end{equation}

The  solution of Eq.(\ref{eq12}) for the scalar field  can be
written as

\begin{equation}
\varphi(t)=c\,t^{m},\label{eq13}
\end{equation}
where $m$ and $c$ are two  constants. In order to satisfy the
power law solution of the scalar field given by Eq.(\ref{eq13}),
we find the constraints
$$
m=\frac{f}{2},\;\;\;\;c^{2}=\frac{8\kappa A
(1-f)}{f},\,\,\,\,\,\mbox{and}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,n=4(1-\frac{1}{f}).
$$
As we have mentioned previously  the parameter $f$ lies between
$0<f<1$, in order to obtain an acceleration of the Universe, then
the parameter $n<0$.

By using the slow roll approximation on Eq.(\ref{eq2}) and
 combining Eqs.(\ref{int})  and
(\ref{eq13}),  the effective potential in terms of the scalar
field results

\begin{equation}
V(\varphi)\approx 3[H^2\,F+H\dot{F}]=3Afc^{-n}\left[ Af\kappa
 + Af\xi_n\varphi^{n} +  \xi_nnmc^2\varphi^{n-2}\right]\varphi^{n}.
\label{eq16}
\end{equation}
Here,  we note that considering the special case in which
$\xi_n=0$ (or equivalently $F=const$.), the effective potential
given by Eq.(\ref{eq16}) coincides with that corresponding to the
standard intermediate inflation in General Relativity, where
$V(\varphi)\propto\varphi^{4(1-f^{-1})}$ see Ref.\cite{Barr}.

An important quantity during the background dynamics corresponds
to the number of e-folds $N$ at the end of inflation and becomes
\begin{equation}
N = \int _{t_1}^{t_{2}} Hdt =
\int_{\varphi_1}^{\varphi_{2}}\frac{H(\varphi)}{\dot{\varphi}}d\varphi=
\frac{f}{8\kappa
(1-f)}\lbrace\varphi_{2}^{2}-\varphi_{1}^{2}\rbrace,\label{eq24}
\end{equation}
between two different values of cosmological times $t_1$ and $t_2$
or between $\varphi_1$ and $\varphi_2$ values of the scalar field.

 On the other hand, the parameter $\epsilon_1$ from
Eqs.(\ref{eq5}) and (\ref{eq13}) can be written as
\begin{equation}
\epsilon_1=\frac{8\kappa (1-f)^2}{f^2}\,\frac{1}{\varphi^2}.
\end{equation}
Here, we note that the slow roll parameter $\epsilon_1$ diverges
when the scalar field $\varphi\rightarrow 0$ and then
$\epsilon_1\gg 1$ (or equivalently $\ddot{a}\ll 0$, deceleration).
In this limit when the field approaches to zero,  the effective
potential  given by Eq.(\ref{eq16}) also diverges (since the
exponent $n<0$). Now, for  large values of the scalar field, we
note that  asymptotically the effective potential and the slow
roll parameter $\epsilon_1$ tend to zero, in which $\epsilon_1<1$.
In this sense, since during the evolution of the universe the
effective potential decreases, we consider that the inflation
scenario begins at the earliest possible epoch, in which
$\epsilon_1=1$, where  the scalar field $\varphi_1=\varphi(t_1)$
 results
\begin{equation}
\varphi_{1}=\sqrt{8\kappa}\frac{(1-f)}{f}.\label{eq26}
\end{equation}
Also, we note  that the inflationary epoch takes place when
$\epsilon_1<1$ (or equivalently $\ddot{a}>0$), then the scalar
field satisfies the condition $\varphi>\frac{\sqrt{8\kappa}
(1-f)}{f}$.

In this way, we find that the value of the scalar field
$\varphi_2=\varphi(t=t_2)$ in terms of the number of e-fold $N$
can be written as
\begin{equation}
\varphi_2^2=\frac{8\kappa (1-f)(1+f(N-1))}{f^{2}}.\label{eq27}
\end{equation}
Here, we have used Eqs.(\ref{eq24}) and (\ref{eq26}).

\section{Cosmological Perturbations}

In this section we will study the cosmological perturbations in
our model of intermediate inflation into generalized
induced-gravity scenario. In this framework, the  perturbation
metric around the flat background can be written as
\begin{equation}
ds^{2}=-(1+2\Phi)dt^2+2a(t)\Theta_{,i}dx^idt+a^2(t)[(1-2\psi)\delta_{ij}+2E_{,i,j}+2h_{ij}]dx^idx^j,\label{me}
\end{equation}
where the quantities $\Phi$, $\Theta$, $\psi$ and $E$ correspond
to the scalar-type metric perturbations, and  $h_{ij}$ denotes the
transverse traceless tensor-perturbation. Also the perturbation in
the  field $\varphi$ is given by $\varphi(t,\vec{x}
)=\varphi(t)+\delta\varphi(t,\vec{x} )$, in which
$\delta\varphi(t,\vec{x} )$  is  a small perturbation that
corresponds to  small fluctuations of the scalar field. Thus,
introducing the comoving curvature perturbations, ${\cal{R}}$
defined as ${\cal{R}}= \Psi +
\mathcal{H}\frac{\delta\varphi}{\varphi^{\prime}}$\cite{Bardeen},
where the new Hubble parameter is given by
$\mathcal{H}\equiv\frac{a^{\prime}}{a}$ (a prime corresponds to
the derivative with respect to a conformal time $d\eta=a^{-1}
dt$), then the  scalar density perturbation ${\cal{P}}_S$ in the
Jordan frame can be written as  \cite{noh,shinji}
\begin{equation}
{\cal{P}}_{S}\equiv \frac{k^{3}}{2\pi^{2}}|{\cal{R}}|^{2} =
A_S^{2}\left[\frac{k |\eta |}{2}\right]^{3-2\nu_{s}},\label{pert}
\end{equation}
where the amplitude $A_{S}^{2}\equiv
\frac{1}{Q_{s}}(\frac{H}{2\pi})^{2} (\frac{1}{aH|\eta|})^{2}
[\frac{\Gamma(\nu_{s})}{\Gamma(3/2)}]^{2} $ and the quantities
$Q_s$ and $\nu_{s}$ are defined as
$$
Q_s=\frac{\varphi^{\prime\,2}\left[1+\frac{3\xi_nn^2\varphi^{n-2}}{2}\right]}
{\left[\mathcal{H}+\frac{n\varphi^{\prime}}{2\varphi}\right]^2},\,\,\,\,\mbox{and}\,\,\,\,\nu_{s}
=\sqrt{\gamma_{s} + 1/4},
$$
respectively. Here, the parameter $\gamma_s$ is given by
$\gamma_{s} =\frac{(1+\delta_{s})(2-\epsilon_1 +
\delta_{s})}{(1-\epsilon_1)^{2}},$ in which
$\delta_{s}=\frac{\dot{Q_{s}}}{2HQ_{s}}$.

On the other hand, the scalar spectral index $n_s$ is defined a
$n_s=1+\frac{d\ln {\cal{P}}_{S}}{d\ln k}$. Thus, from
Eq.(\ref{pert}) and considering  the slow-roll approximations, the
scalar spectral index $n_s$ in terms of the slow roll parameters
can be written as \cite{noh}
\begin{equation}
n_{s}\simeq 1-2(2\epsilon_{1} + \epsilon_{2} - \epsilon_{3}+
\epsilon_{4}).\label{eq17}
\end{equation}

By considering the slow roll parameters from Eq.(\ref{eq5}), the
scalar spectral index $n_s$ as a function of the scalar field
i.e., $n_s=n_s(\varphi)$ results
\begin{equation}
n_{s}\simeq1-C_1\varphi^{-2}-C_2\varphi^{n-2}\left[\frac{1+3\xi_nn(n-1)\varphi^{n-2}}{\kappa+\xi_n\varphi^n+
\frac{3}{2}\xi_n^2n^2\varphi^{2(n-1)}}-\frac{1}{\kappa+\xi_n\varphi^{n}}\right],\label{eq19}
\end{equation}
where the constants $C_1$ and $C_2$ are defined as
$$
C_1=\frac{16\kappa(1-f)(1-\frac{3}{2}f)}{f^2},\,\,\,\,\,\,\mbox{and}\;\;\;\;C_2=\frac{4\xi_nn\kappa
(1-f)}{f}.
$$
From Eq.(\ref{eq19}) we observe that in the limit
$\xi_n\rightarrow 0 $ the spectral index $n_s$ agrees with the
appropriate standard intermediate inflationary model, in which
$n_s=1-C\varphi^{-2}$ with $C=8\kappa(1-f)(2-3f)/f^2$, see
Ref.\cite{Barr}. Also we noted that for the specific value $f=2/3$
we clearly find from Eq.(\ref{eq19}) that  $n_s\neq 1$, contrarily
to  standard intermediate inflation, where for $f=2/3$ the index
$n_s=1$, i.e., so-called Harrizon-Zel'dovish spectrum\cite{Barr}.
In this form, we noted from Eq.(\ref{eq19}) that the spectral
index includes  two free parameters $(f,\xi_n)$ unlike that occurs
in the standard intermediate inflation, where $n_s$ has only one
free-parameter, namely $f$. In relation to the constants,
 we note that for values of $f \leq 2/3$ the
constant $C_1 \geq 0$. Similarly, we observed that as the
parameter $n<0$, then the constant $C_2\geq 0$ when the
parameter $\xi_n\leq 0$.

 Also, we find that the spectral index  $n_s$ in terms of the
number of e-fold, $N$, becomes
\begin{equation}
n_{s}\simeq1-\frac{C_1}{\kappa\beta^2}-\frac{C_2}{\kappa^{(2-n)/2}\beta^{2-n}}\left[\frac{1+3\xi_nn(n-1)\kappa^{(n-2)/2}\beta^{n-2}}{\kappa+\xi_n\kappa^{n/2}\beta^n+
\frac{3}{2}\xi_n^2n^2\kappa^{(n-1)}\beta^{2(n-1)}}-\frac{1}{\kappa+\xi_n\kappa^{n/2}\beta^{n}}\right]\label{nsN}
, \end{equation}
 where the quantity $\beta$ is given by $\beta
=\frac{1}{f}\sqrt{8(1-f)(1+f[N-1])}$.

Numerically from Eq.(\ref{nsN}) we found a constraint for the
parameter $\xi_n$. Certainly, we can find the value of the
parameter $\xi_n$ giving a specific value of the parameter $f$,
when the number of e-folds $N$ and the index $n_s$ are given.
Particularly, for the values $n_s=0.967$, $N=60$  and $f=0.9$ (or
equivalently $n\simeq -0.44$), we obtained from Eq.(\ref{nsN})
that the real solution for $\xi_{n=-0.44}$ corresponds to
$\xi_{n=-0.44}\simeq-5.84M_p^{2.44}$. For the case in which
$f=2/3$ corresponds to $\xi_{n=-2}\simeq -7.42M_p^{4}$, when
$f=0.5$ the parameter $\xi_{n=-4}$ results $\xi_{n=-4}\simeq
-70.01M_p^{6}$,  and for the case where $f=0.46$ the parameter
$\xi_{n=-4.70}$ is given by
$\xi_{n=-4.70}\simeq-170.82M_p^{6.70}$.

On the other hand, the generation of tensor perturbations during
inflation would produce gravitational waves, where
its power spectrum ${\cal{P}}_{T}$, following Ref.\cite{shinji}
can be written as
\begin{equation}
{\cal{P}}_{T}\equiv A_{T}^{2}\left[\frac{k |\eta
|}{2}\right]^{3-2\nu_{T}},\label{pt}
\end{equation}
where now the tensor-amplitude  $A_{T}^{2}=
\frac{8}{F}(\frac{H}{2\pi})^{2} (\frac{1}{aH|\eta|})^{2}
[\frac{\Gamma(\nu_{T})}{\Gamma(3/2)}]^{2}$, and the quantities
$\nu_{T}$, $\gamma_{T}$ and $\delta_{T}$   are defined as
$$
\nu_{T} \equiv\sqrt{\gamma_{T} + 1/4},\,\,\,\gamma_{T}
=\frac{(1+\delta_{T})(2-\epsilon_1 +
\delta_{T})}{(1-\epsilon_1)^{2}},\,\,\,\mbox{and}\,\,\,\delta_{T}
= \frac{n\dot{\varphi}}{2H\varphi}.
$$
In this context, an important observational quantity corresponds
to the tensor to scalar ratio $r$, given by
$r={\cal{P}}_{T}/{\cal{P}}_{S}$. This ratio $r$ can be written in
terms of the slow roll parameters results\cite{noh}
\begin{equation}
r\simeq|-13.8(\epsilon_{1} +\epsilon_{3})|.\label{eq18}
\end{equation}

In this form, considering the slow parameters given by
Eq.(\ref{eq5}), we write the tensor to scalar ratio as

\begin{equation}
r\simeq\large\mid\frac{-13.8}{2}\left[C_1\frac{(1-f)}{(1-3f/2)}+C_2\frac{\varphi^{n}}{\kappa+\xi_n\varphi^n}\right]\,\varphi^{-2}\large\mid,\label{eq20}
\end{equation}
and in terms of the number of e-fold, $N$, we have
\begin{equation}
r\simeq\large\mid-\frac{13.8}{2}{\kappa\beta^2}\left[\frac{C_1(1-f)}{(1-3f/2)}
+C_2\frac{\beta^n\,\kappa^{n/2}}{\kappa+\xi_n\kappa^{n/2}\beta^n}\right]\large\mid,\label{eq29}
\end{equation}
here, we have used Eqs.(\ref{eq24}) and (\ref{eq18}).

\begin{figure}[th]
{{\hspace{-4.5cm}\includegraphics[width=4.5in,angle=0,clip=true]{f1.eps}}}

{\vspace{-2.0 cm}\caption{ The plot shows the tensor to scalar
ratio $r$ versus the spectral index $n_s$. Here, from Planck data,
two dimensional marginalized constraints on the ratio $r$ and
$n_s$ (at 1 $\sigma$ confidence level, i.e., 68$\%$ and at 2
$\sigma$ confidence level, i.e., 95$\%$).
 In this  plot, the dotted, solid,
and  dashed lines correspond to the values of $f=0.46$ together
with the value $\xi_{n=-4.7}=-170,82 M_p^{6.7}$,
($f=0.5,\xi_{n=-4}=-70.01M_p^{6} $ and
($f=2/3,\xi_{n=-2}=-7.42M_p^{4} $), respectively. Here, we have
used the value $M_p=1$ .
 \label{fig1}}}
\end{figure}

In Fig.\ref{fig1}
 shows the contour plot for the tensor to scalar ratio $r$ versus
 the spectral index $n_s$, for distinct  values of the parameter
 $f$ associated to intermediate expansion of the scale factor.
 From Ref.\cite{planck2015}, we have two dimensional marginalized constraints on
 the  ratio $r_{0.002}$ and index $n_s$ (at 1 $\sigma$ confidence level i.e., 68$\%$ and at 2 $\sigma$ confidence level i.e.,
 95$\%$).
 Here, the dotted, solid,
and  dashed lines correspond to the values of $f=0.46$ together
with the value $\xi_{n=-4.7}=-170,82 M_p^{6.7}$,
($f=0.5,\xi_{n=-4}=-70.01M_p^{6} $) and
($f=2/3,\xi_{n=-2}=-7.42M_p^{4} $), respectively. In order to
write down the ratio $r$ on the spectral index $n_s$, we used
Eqs.(\ref{nsN}) and (\ref{eq29}) and we numerically obtain the
parametric plot for the relation $r=r(n_s)$. We observed that for
the values of $f\gtrsim 0.46$ (or equivalently $n\gtrsim-4.7$) and
$\xi_{n=-4.7}\gtrsim -171 M_p^{6.7}$  the model is well
corroborated by the Planck data as could be visualized from this
figure. For values of the parameter $f<0.46$ and $\xi_{n}< -171
M_p^{2-n}$ the model becomes disfavored from Planck data, because the
tensor to scalar ratio $r_{0.002}>0.1$. Also, we observed that for values
of the parameter $f\thicksim 1$, the tensor to scalar ratio $r$
tends to zero. In this way, we find that the constraints for the
parameter $f$ associated to intermediate expansion of the scale
factor is given by $0.46\lesssim f <1$ and for the parameter
$-171M_p^{2-n}\lesssim\xi_{n}<0$, from Planck data.

 On the other hand,  an analysis of all data taken by the
BICEP2 $\&$ Keck Array CMB polarization experiments together with
the Planck data, were analyzed  in Ref.\cite{BKP}. Here, combining
the  results from BICEP2 $\&$ Keck Array with the  constraints
from Planck analysis of CMB temperature, plus BAO and other data,
it was  obtained  a combined limit for the tensor to scalar ratio
$r$ at pivot scale $k_*=0.05$Mpc$^{-1}$, given by $r_{0.05} <
0.07$ at 95$\%$ (2$\sigma$ confidence level).  In this sense, the
value of $f=0.46$ together with the value $\xi_{n=-4.7}= -171
M_p^{6.7}$ (see Fig.\ref{fig1}) are disfavored from
 Ref.\cite{BKP}, since the
tensor to scalar ratio $r>0.7$.
 In this form, considering Ref.\cite{BKP} we obtain that the constraints for the
 quantity
  $f$ associated to intermediate expansion of the scale
factor is given by $0.46< f <1$ and for the parameter
$-171M_p^{2-n}<\xi_{n}<0$.

This  suggests that the function
$F(\varphi)$ can be written as
$F(\varphi)=\kappa-|\xi_n|\varphi^{-|n|}$, and assuming that the
function $F(\varphi)>0$, then the range for the scalar field
during intermediate inflation in this framework satisfies
$\varphi>(|\xi_n|/\kappa)^{(1/|n|)}$. Also, we noted that in the
limit $\varphi\rightarrow\infty$, the function $F(\varphi)$ takes
the asymptotic value
$F(\varphi)_{\varphi\rightarrow\infty}\rightarrow \kappa=(8\pi
G)^{-1}$. Thus, from the observational point of view (in
particular from the consistency relation $r=r(n_s)$), we found
that the intermediate inflation into generalized induced-gravity
scenario is less limited than the standard intermediate inflation
in which the  GR is utilized, due to the incorporation of a new
parameter, i.e., $\xi_n$.

 In the following we will mention some  constraints on the
coupling parameter $\xi_n$ obtained  in the literature, in order
to compare  with our results. In the framework of the induced
gravity inflation where the function $F(\varphi)=\xi\varphi^2$ was studied   in
Ref.\cite{kaiser}.
   Here, for the chaotic potential case was
obtained that the constraint by the coupling $\xi_{n=2}=\xi\geq
10^{-3}$, and  for the new inflation case $\xi\leq 4\times
10^{-3}$, assuming  the constraint from scalar spectral index
$n_S$ found in \cite{kaiser}. For the case in which the function
$F(\varphi)=1+\xi\varphi^2$ with $\varphi^4$
 self-interaction, was found that $\xi\geq 4\times 10^{-3}$\cite{kaiser}.  For this same coupling function and  analyzing  the
  potentials $\varphi^p$ and  exponential,  the constraints on $\xi$ considering  the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)  data
  were
  obtained in Ref.\cite{Nozari:2007eq}. Here, for the value
  $p=4$ was found that
   $\xi\leq -0.17$ and $\xi\geq 0.01$, and for the exponential potential $0.271\leq\xi\leq
   0.791$. In Ref.\cite{shinji} was analyzed the function
   $F(\varphi)=(1-\xi\kappa^2\varphi^2)/\kappa^2$ together with
   the potential $V(\varphi)\propto \varphi^p$.  The constraint obtained for the parameter $\xi$ from the $r-n_S$
   plane, for the quadratic potential ($p=2$) it was
   $\xi>-1.1\times 10^{-2}$ (2$\sigma$ bound) and  for the case in which $p=4$,
       $\xi<-3.0\times 10^{-4}$ (2$\sigma$ bound)\cite{shinji}. In
virtue of these results, our constraint  indicates that in order
to have values of the coupling $\mid\xi_n\mid/M_p^{2-n}\,\,\,\mathcal{O}$ (1), necessary
the parameter $f$ tends to one, wherewith the tensor to scalar
ratio $r\sim 0$.

\section{Conclusions}

In this paper we have studied the intermediate inflationary model
in the context of generalized induced-gravity scenario. From a
function $F(\varphi)=\kappa+\xi_n\varphi^n$, we have found
solutions to the background dynamics under the slow-roll
approximation.  Also, we have found expressions for  the scalar
and tensor power spectrum, scalar spectral index, and
tensor-to-scalar ratio. In this sense, we have found the
constraints on  some parameters from the Planck  data. Within this
context,  we have found  from Eqs.(\ref{nsN}) and (\ref{eq29})
that the trajectories in the $r-n_s$ plane are well supported by
the data (see Fig.\ref{fig1}), and we have obtained  the
constraints on the parameters $f$ and $\xi_n$ given by
$0.46\lesssim f <1$ and $-171M_p^{2-n}\lesssim\xi_{n}<0$, respectively.
 However, considering the combined limit of Ref.\cite{BKP} in which $r_{0.05}<0.7$ at 2$\sigma$ confidence level, i.e.,
95$\%$, we have found
 the
constraints on the parameters $f$ and $\xi_n$, are given by $0.46<
f <1$ and $-171M_p^{2-n}<\xi_{n}<0$, respectively.

Also, we have noted that the intermediate inflation into
generalized induced-gravity scenario is less restricted  than the
standard intermediate inflation, due to the incorporation of a new
parameter, i.e., $\xi_n$. Thus, the inclusion of this parameter
from the function $F(\varphi)$ permits us a freedom on the
consistency relation $r=r(n_s)$.

Finally, We should mention that the effective potential given by
Eq.(\ref{eq16}) does not have a minimum. In this form,  the scalar
field does not oscillate around this
minimum\cite{RCampuzano:2005qw}, and therefore is a problem for
standard mechanism of reheating in this types of the intermediate
models\cite{Campuzano:2005qw}. We hope to return to reheating  in
the near future.

\begin{acknowledgments}
R.H. was supported by  PUENTE Grant DI-PUCV N$_0$ 123.748/2017.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Parsing a Log (text file) with colors in C# I'm creating a log reader that will be Color Blind Friendly that will parse a log file (text file) with the default color of blue. When a line contains "ERROR:" it should set the color to Orange. Sounds simple enough but the code I whipped up does not seem to detect that the line contains "ERROR:" in it. Here is my code:
        // Network Log
        string errorText1 = " ERROR: ";
        var i1 = 0;
        // From Bottom To Top
        var lines1 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\network.log").Reverse().Skip(1);

        foreach (string line1 in lines1)
        {
            // Catch ERROR: And Color Orange Else Blue
            if (line1.Contains(errorText1))
            {
                listBox1.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(230, 159, 0);
                this.listBox1.Items.Add(line1);
            }
            else
            {
                listBox1.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 114, 178);
                this.listBox1.Items.Add(line1);
            }
            i1++;
            if (i1 >= logLength) break;
        }

Thanks for any help on this..
Example of a Log line with an Error:
I20160128:051414 ERROR: [network]: Error connecting to: weather-station.org:24556
Orel Eraki got me on the right path it looks like but I'm not sure why he used a Class or Namespace to handle the line to be printed. There would be nothing to put in the Class. So I tried the follow since this is part of the Form_Load Class:
        // Network Log
        string errorText1 = " ERROR: ";
        var i1 = 0;
        // From Bottom To Top
        var lines1 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\network.log").Reverse().Skip(1);

        foreach (string line1 in lines1)
        {
            var color = Color.FromArgb(0, 114, 178); // Blue
            if (line1.Contains(errorText1))
            {
                color = Color.FromArgb(230, 159, 0); // Orange
            }
            this.listBox1.ForeColor = color; // Apply Color
            this.listBox1.Items.Add(line1);

            i1++;
            if (i1 >= logLength) break;
        }

However this did not work either.. :(
Again thanks for brainstorming and for any help to resolve this issue.
UPDATE FULL CODE AS FOLLOWS:
Original:
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WWIV5TelnetServer
{
    public partial class LogForm : Form
    {
        public LogForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void LogForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Default Number Of Lines Per Log
            int logLength  = Int32.Parse(logLines.Text);

            // Network Log
            string errorText1 = " ERROR: ";
            var i1 = 0;
            // From Bottom To Top
            var lines1 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\network.log").Reverse().Skip(1);

            foreach (string line1 in lines1)
            {
                // Catch ERROR: And Color Orange Else Blue
                if (line1.Contains(errorText1))
                {
                    listBox1.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(230, 159, 0);
                    this.listBox1.Items.Add(line1);
                }
                else
                {
                    listBox1.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 114, 178);
                    this.listBox1.Items.Add(line1);
                }
                i1++;
                if (i1 >= logLength) break;
            }

            // Networkb Log
            string errorText2 = " ERROR: ";
            var i2 = 0;
            // From Bottom To Top
            var lines2 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\networkb.log").Reverse().Skip(1);

            foreach (string line2 in lines2)
            {
                this.listBox2.Items.Add(line2);
                i1++;
                if (i2 >= logLength) break;
            }

            foreach (string line2 in lines2)
            {
                // Catch ERROR: And Color Orange Else Blue
                if (line2.Contains(errorText2))
                {
                    listBox2.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(230, 159, 0);
                    this.listBox2.Items.Add(line2);
                }
                else
                {
                    listBox2.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 114, 178);
                    this.listBox2.Items.Add(line2);
                }
                i2++;
                if (i2 >= logLength) break;
            }

            // Net.log
            string errorText3 = " ERROR: ";
            var i3 = 0;
            // From Bottom To Top
            var lines3 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\gfiles\NET.LOG");

            foreach (string line3 in lines3)
            {
                // Default Color Blue
                listBox3.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 114, 178);

                // Catch ERROR: And Color Orange Else Blue
                if (line3.Contains(errorText3))
                {
                    listBox3.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(230, 159, 0);
                }
                this.listBox3.Items.Add(line3);
                i3++;
                if (i3 >= logLength) break;
            }

            // Change Log
            var lines4 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\changelog.txt");

            foreach (string line4 in lines4)
            {
                // Default Color Black
                listBox4.ForeColor = Color.Black;

                this.listBox4.Items.Add(line4);
            }

            // What's New
            var lines5 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\whatsnew.txt");

            foreach (string line5 in lines5)
            {
                // Default Color Black
                listBox5.ForeColor = Color.Black;

                this.listBox5.Items.Add(line5);
            }
        }

        private void exitButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Close();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Refresh();
        }
    }
}

Orel's Concept which is no doubt my fault for not showing the entire .cs:
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WWIV5TelnetServer
{
    public partial class LogForm : Form
    {
        public LogForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private Brush GetMessageBrush(string message)
        {
            var brush = Brushes.Green; // Default
            if (message.Contains("ERROR:"))
            {
                brush = Brushes.Red;
            }
            return brush;
        }

        private void listBox2_DrawItem(object sender, DrawItemEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Index > -1)
            {
                string item = listBox2.Items[e.Index].ToString();
                if (item != null)
                {
                    var brush = GetMessageBrush(item);
                    e.Graphics.DrawString(item, e.Font, brush, e.Bounds.X, e.Bounds.Y, StringFormat.GenericDefault);
                }
                e.DrawFocusRectangle();
            }
        }

        private void LogForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Default Number Of Lines Per Log
            int logLength  = Int32.Parse(logLines.Text);

            // Network Log
            string errorText1 = " ERROR: ";
            var i1 = 0;
            // From Bottom To Top
            var lines1 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\network.log").Reverse().Skip(1);

            foreach (string line1 in lines1)
            {
                // Catch ERROR: And Color Orange Else Blue
                if (line1.Contains(errorText1))
                {
                    listBox1.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(230, 159, 0);
                    this.listBox1.Items.Add(line1);
                }
                else
                {
                    listBox1.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 114, 178);
                    this.listBox1.Items.Add(line1);
                }
                i1++;
                if (i1 >= logLength) break;
            }

            // Networkb Log
            //string errorText2 = " ERROR: ";
            var i2 = 0;
            // From Bottom To Top
            var lines2 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\networkb.log").Reverse().Skip(1);

            foreach (string line2 in lines2)
            {
                this.listBox2.Items.Add(line2);
                i1++;
                if (i2 >= logLength) break;
            }
            /*foreach (string line2 in lines2)
            {
                var color = Color.FromArgb(0, 114, 178);
                if (line2.Contains(errorText2))
                {
                    color = Color.FromArgb(230, 159, 0);
                }
                this.listBox2.ForeColor = color;
                this.listBox2.Items.Add(line2);

                i2++;
                if (i2 >= logLength) break;
            }
            foreach (string line2 in lines2)
            {
                // Catch ERROR: And Color Orange Else Blue
                if (line2.Contains(errorText2))
                {
                    listBox2.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(230, 159, 0);
                    this.listBox2.Items.Add(line2);
                }
                else
                {
                    listBox2.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 114, 178);
                    this.listBox2.Items.Add(line2);
                }
                i2++;
                if (i2 >= logLength) break;
            }*/

            // Net.log
            string errorText3 = " ERROR: ";
            var i3 = 0;
            // From Bottom To Top
            var lines3 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\gfiles\NET.LOG");

            foreach (string line3 in lines3)
            {
                // Default Color Blue
                listBox3.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 114, 178);

                // Catch ERROR: And Color Orange Else Blue
                if (line3.Contains(errorText3))
                {
                    listBox3.ForeColor = Color.FromArgb(230, 159, 0);
                }
                this.listBox3.Items.Add(line3);
                i3++;
                if (i3 >= logLength) break;
            }

            // Change Log
            var lines4 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\changelog.txt");

            foreach (string line4 in lines4)
            {
                // Default Color Black
                listBox4.ForeColor = Color.Black;

                this.listBox4.Items.Add(line4);
            }

            // What's New
            var lines5 = File.ReadAllLines(Properties.Settings.Default.homeDirectory + @"\whatsnew.txt");

            foreach (string line5 in lines5)
            {
                // Default Color Black
                listBox5.ForeColor = Color.Black;

                this.listBox5.Items.Add(line5);
            }
        }

        private void exitButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Close();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Refresh();
        }
    }
}

NOTES: As you can see in the Original I tried a separate case to handle the color coding. Lets just stick to one log so that I can then implement that across all logs that require the color coding. (ie. listBox1)
Hope this helps clears up the mess. It's a shame that the Draw Object isn't easier to implement.
UPDATE: Just trying to use Orel's code in a new project just to test it because it was doing the same trying to implement it into mine, does not color anything. It's all black text.
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace TextTest
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void listBox1_DrawItem(object sender, DrawItemEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Index > -1)
            {
                string item = listBox1.Items[e.Index].ToString();
                if (item != null)
                {
                    var brush = GetMessageBrush(item);
                    e.Graphics.DrawString(item, e.Font, brush, e.Bounds.X, e.Bounds.Y, StringFormat.GenericDefault);
                }
                e.DrawFocusRectangle();
            }
        }

        private Brush GetMessageBrush(string message)
        {
            var brush = Brushes.Green; // Default
            if (message.Contains("ERROR:"))
            {
                brush = Brushes.Red;
            }
            return brush;
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //string errorText1 = " ERROR: ";
            int logLength = 1000;
            var i1 = 0;
            // From Bottom To Top
            var lines1 = File.ReadAllLines(@"networkb.log").Reverse().Skip(1);

            foreach (string line in lines1)
            {
                this.listBox1.Items.Add(line);
                i1++;
                if (i1 >= logLength) break;
            }
        }
    }
}

A: The Default draw method doesn't do this for you, you will need to make few adjustment to make it work.
Steps:

*

*Mark your ListBox DrawMode property as OwnerDrawFixed.

*Add to the ListBox new DrawItem event and double click it (It will generate the proper event method.

*Replace the current event generated code, with the following

DrawItem event handler
private void listBox1_DrawItem(object sender, DrawItemEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.Index > -1)
    {
        string item = listBox1.Items[e.Index].ToString();
        if (item != null)
        {
            var brush = GetMessageBrush(item);
            e.Graphics.DrawString(item, e.Font, brush, e.Bounds.X, e.Bounds.Y, StringFormat.GenericDefault);
        }
        e.DrawFocusRectangle();
    }
}

Also add the following method and custom it as you wish:
private Brush GetMessageBrush(string message)
{
    var brush = Brushes.Green; // Default
    if (message.Contains("ERROR"))
    {
        brush = Brushes.Red;
    }
    return brush;
}

Now your new adding code doesn't need to handle items drawing
foreach (string line in lines1)
{
    this.listBox1.Items.Add(line);
    i1++;
    if (i1 >= logLength) break;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After an inaugural six weeks at tcj.com, The Panelists are moving to a site of our own: thepanelists.org. Thanks to all for your tremendous support and for great conversations during our launch, and we hope you follow us to our new home. All archives from the Panelists' posts at tcj.com will also now be found at the new site (the guttergeek archives from tcj.com will be moved shortly to guttergeek.com).
This entry was posted on Monday, February 14th, 2011 at 7:18 am	and is filed under Blog.


Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) claimed its M3 EV has the lowest risk of occupant injury of any vehicle in US government tests, but the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Tuesday said Tesla's claim goes beyond the scope of its analysis.
The M3 achieved the Top rating, 5-Stars, on that ranking along with other vehicles including: Volvo S60, Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, Honda Civic, Volkswagen Jetta and Ford Mustang cars.
That claim prompted numerous blogs and commentators to call the M3 the "safest ever" vehicle.
Tesla said it had engineered the car to be "the safest car ever built." And that stretched the NHTSA's rating on the M3 way beyond its scope, more hype from Tesla and its CEO, Elon Musk.
Tuesday, Tesla its assessment was calculated using publicly available data, taking the weighted average of crash scores to calculate a vehicle safety score and then multiplying it by a baseline injury risk value.
Tesla's analysis also said that its M-S and M-X, also had a lower probability of injury than all other vehicles tested by NHTSA.
In November 2013, NHTSA blocked automakers from promoting vehicle safety ratings of more than 5-Stars, 3 months after Tesla touted the score on its M-S.
Tesla said in August 2013 that the M-S had achieved a score of 5.4 Stars, a figure based on Tesla's independent analysis of NHTSA data. Then 3 months later, NHTSA explicitly barred companies from promoting safety scores higher than 5-Stars.
NHTSA is considering changes to its 5-Star crash assessment program and said it needs "to be modernized to incentivize the voluntary adoption of safety features." The agency is considering creating safety ratings for areas of vehicle performance not currently rated.
But, but as long a Tesla is in production, do not expect its PR department not the puff up the benefits of owning 1 of its EVs.
Analyst's Note: On 7 August 2018 on the heals of Mr. Musk's '420' Tweet we targeted the stock at 250/share, on 8 October it hit 249, we hit our target, and now after assessing the future of this bleeding Unicorn, our new call is 100-75.
There is no market support for TSLA under 260.01 and what there is there is very soft.
The company is no longer an investment , it is s speculation by market professionals, be cautious.


I've read that pioneers called their wagons prairie schooners. If they crossed my acre and a half of restored remnant prairie today, they would be sailing over a sea of flowers. I can totally relate to the bees. I am drawn to this blooming bounty and am fueled by it. You can see a map of our land with the prairie remnant highlighted in yellow by clicking here.
If we had not walked this high slope with a naturalist our first year on the land, we might not have realized that we were crossing a remnant prairie. We would have let the rows of young spruce growing there shade out and bury under their needles all the prairie phlox and meadow rue, wild bergamot, compass plant and the vast tribe of sunflowers and asters that are now jumping up to meet the sun.
Ever since I learned about all the jet fuel and pesticide that goes into getting cheap (and not so cheap) blossoms to the flower shop in my local grocery store, I switched over to cut flowers from the farmers market.
Could anyone have arranged this bouquet better than Mother N?
Since the first year we first burned our prairie, I have been amazed by the slow-mo explosion of color at my feet. I could go on for hours.
How about a bouquet with a stem for a vase?
Praire Dogbane, so called because it is highly poisonous. Also called Indian Hemp. Native Americans made things like bowstrings and fishing nets from its stem and also used this plant as a laxative, cardiac stimulant, cough medicine and a potion for expelling internal parasites. This prairie is more than a flower shop -- it's a drug store.
We have been doing everything we can to encourage this Prairie Milkweed. It's a particular favorite of Monarch butterflies -- and they need all the help they can get.
Your prairie is looking beautiful!
We're on a similar (much smaller) quest in south central Kansas. We purchased 10 acres about 2 1/2 years ago and are working to restore the prairie habitat that was found here originally.
While we have about 7 acres of "remnant" prairie that has never been plowed, it has been terribly overgrazed and probably treated with broadleaf herbicides over the years. We've burned most of the prairie once now and it's trying hard to come back to life, but it will be a slow process.
I look forward to keeping up to date on how your projects are going.
Our experience has been that remnant prairie can have amazing vigor–even after a lot of abuse. We are constantly amazed at the dramatic increase in prairie natives every year. We do walk it (because at an acre-and-a-half, we can) with our scythes, three or four times in the spring and early summer cutting out the invasives there. This summer the number of invasives was noticeably smaller. All over our property, we find that when we push back the invasives, the natives spring up in their place.


Sandwiched between two of Napoli's most prestigious landmarks – The Duomo and Teatro Alla Scala – is a landmark that deserves and rightfully receives a lot of respect and admiration for the incredible 125 year old iron framed and glass covered dome and archways that you can see from afar.
Named after the then reigning king of the Kingdom of Italy, Galleria Umberto I is a magnificent feat of architecture engineering that should be on the 'must see' of every traveller to the city whether they're weekend tourists or full-time backpackers.
Established and still operating as one of the world's first shopping malls, the multi-story arcade is a wonder to walk through and without thinking about it you'll soon be walking forwards with your eyes pointed above you to admire the glasswork above.
Across the four floors of the shopping mall are several luxury brands and a small selection of places to eat, some of which have been in residence almost since the buildings construction was finished, but that is not the most appealing aspect of the structure. What really pulls in your interest is the detail of the sculptures, mosaics and paintwork that cover the building from the floor to the ceiling.
What I especially loved about the building was the symmetry that has clearly led most of the design, that no matter where you stand there's almost bound to be something next to it in a mirror image of the original piece, something you really get a sense of when you stand in line with the buildings in the centre and slowly turn around 360 degrees.
Galleria Umberto I should be seen by all that pass through Naples, and if you join in one of the many guided tours of the city you're bound to step underneath the iron and glass ceilings that we loved. Don't miss it.
Does this galleria remind you of anywhere?
The first paragraph refers to Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II which is located in Milan in northern Italy.
The name of one of the oldest opera houses in the world across the street from Galleria Umberto I is Teatro di San Carlo (San Carlo Theatre).
We accidentally stumbled into the Galleria looking for a shortcut back to the port and our cruise ship. The almost cathedral-like, cross-shaped domed glass architecture of the building is truly impressive! The tile floor also has some interesting designs and mosaics but it was hard to keep your eyes off the ceiling. It is fortunate for Naples and its visitors that this edifice has been preserved in the way it has.
The edifice was something spectacular that I just draw our eyes like a magnet. Fantastically put together, it's something that everyone must see – in our opinion – and we're glad you got to as well. Thanks to happy accidents!
Gorgeous building… I love the shots taking from under the magnificent glass ceiling. There is a similar ceiling at the fine arts museum in Santiago, Chile. So pretty.
Colleen Brynn recently posted…Let The Games Begin!
Beautiful! I just love these old shopping arcades. I visited one in Brussels but it wasn't as lovely as this one.
We loved this one, but it's not alone in Italy or Europe for that matter. We've been discovering a variation of arcades just like this one over our travels since October.
That's amazing! I missed that last time I was in Naples but it certainly looks like a must-see to me!


X-Payments integration with X-Cart 4 Classic, PHP shopping cart software used by tens of thousands of online merchants in the world.
Check everything before you make a decision. Use the Storefront entrance to experience X-Cart 4 integrated with X-Payments as a customer.
Log in to the X-Cart 4 demo Admin area to experience the back end features..
No real products or charges, but real access to X-Payments Admin area so you can see first hand how the back end system works and try it out for yourself.


text:
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { AngularFireDatabase } from 'angularfire2/database';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';

import { AF } from './af';
import { Recipe } from '../models/recipe';
import { ArrayObservable } from 'rxjs/observable/ArrayObservable';

@Injectable()
export class RecipeService {
  public recipes: any;
  public recipe: Observable<Recipe>;

  constructor( public db: AngularFireDatabase) {
  }

  createRecipe(recipe: Recipe) {
    const recipeRef = this.db.list('recipes');
    return recipeRef.push(recipe);
  }

  getRecipes() {
    return this.db.list('recipes').snapshotChanges();
  }

  getRecipe(recipeId: string): Observable<any> {
    const result = this.db.object(`/recipes/${recipeId}`).snapshotChanges();
    return result;
  }

  updateRecipe(recipe: Recipe) {
    const recipeRef = this.db.object(`/recipes/${recipe.id}`);
    return recipeRef.set(recipe);
  }

  removeRecipe() {
    const recipeRef = this.db.object('recipe');
    return recipeRef.remove();
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It seems that many of our users are unaware as to exactly what's taking place when they boot up their Kodi device and start watching endless content ranging from movies and television shows to live channels and sports.
While it's probably true that the majority of our users couldn't care less about what's actually taking place behind the scenes, we figured some of you might be interested in learning more about what exactly it is we do.
Kodi itself is simply a media player that runs on many different hardware platforms. It is comparable to Windows Media Player or Plex (which is actually based on Kodi). It gives you the ability to play your own multimedia content, or extend functionality through the use of plugins that are known as Kodi addons. Team Kodi is a nonprofit organization and does not in any way encourage the use of third party addons from unofficial sources such as ours.
This is where we come in, our community is the home to virtually every single Kodi addon in existence and has been this way since the beginning. Developers create addons to serve different purposes, giving them the ability to scrape content from existing online content sources, the same sources that would be readily available through your computer's web browser. Developers are all volunteers, none of them make money from any of this.
We don't actually have any anything to do with the content you're watching, we don't upload videos, we don't manage sources, and we don't encourage the sharing of files in any way, shape or form. At the end of the day, the sites we are scraping content from would probably prefer we didn't, since they don't gain advertising revenue from Kodi addon users. This is stuff that would be available online regardless of our existence.
While we don't really have a problem with people making money, the way most of these people go about doing so is quite shady. They don't give their customers proper support information, so when they have a problem with their hardware device they have no clue what to do. Furthermore, they sell our Kodi addons, but don't even bother telling their customers about our web site. We regularly receive emails from their customers, who think that we got paid for their purchase, which definitely isn't the case.
It's quite easy to install Kodi to any device, in fact we have detailed guides that walk you through the whole process. All you need to do is download Kodi, then configure your desired addons. For those of you who are lazy or new to this, we also have our FreeTelly app for both Mac and Windows, which is a custom version of Kodi that comes preconfigured with all the best Kodi addons, tweaks and customizations ready for use!
Remember, at the current time we are the only trustworthy source for your unofficial Kodi addon needs.


Niagara Falls, ON, Canada vinyl record shop featuring new vinyl, accessories, cleaners and other record supplies.
Second-hand record store opened on August 30, 2014. LPs and 45s in all genres. Please note the store is closed between 18:00-20:00 on Thursdays.
Large selection of new & used records and Cds.
Sell: Records, Movies, Video Games, Turntables, Posters.
Large selection of new and used Lps.
Sell: Records, Cds and Dvds.


text:
Home » New president and CEO at Foster Farms
New president and CEO at Foster Farms
LIVINGSTON, Calif. – Laura Flanagan has been named president and CEO of Foster Farms, effective Aug. 29. She will succeed Ron Foster, grandson of company founders Max and Verda Foster.
Laura Flanagan, president and CEO at Foster Farms
"The board unanimously selected Laura Flanagan as the ideal executive to guide Foster Farms during a time of significant growth," said Foster, who first announced plans to step down from his post back in October 2014. "She has an impressive record of transforming and growing household consumer brands across an ever-shifting landscape. We are confident that her strategic approach will lead Foster Farms to new heights within the US meat and poultry industry."
Flanagan most recently was president of the ConAgra Foods snacks division. Before taking leadership of the snacks division, she was president of ConAgra's convenient meals division from 2008 to 2011. Before joining ConAgra, Flanagan was vice-president and chief marketing officer of Tropicana shelf stable juices at PepsiCo, Inc. and, from 1996 to 2005, held brand-management positions at General Mills, Inc. and PepsiCo. Earlier, she was a manufacturing engineer at Saturn Corp.
She received a bachelor of science degree in engineering from Case Western Reserve University and a master's degree in business administration from Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Flanagan currently serves on the board of directors at Core-Mark International, one of North America's largest marketers of fresh and broad-line supply solutions to the convenience retail industry.
"Foster Farms is a strong competitor in the national poultry landscape in large part because of its family-owned roots and its steadfast commitment to truly locally grown, fresh poultry," Flanagan said. "I intend to honor the Foster family's legacy for excellence while growing the business, guiding our dedicated employees and maintaining the trust of a new generation of consumers who care deeply about the food they feed their families, especially organic and antibiotic-free poultry choices."
Conagra Brands Food Manufacturers Companies
Foster Farms appoints new CEO
Foster Farms CEO to step down
Meeting demand for clean label poultry with phosphate alternatives


text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011

#### Published in
J. Jap. Bot. 43: 283 (1968)

#### Original name
Auerswaldia puttemansii Henn., 1902

### Remarks
null


TGIF at Lazy Ballerina Winery!
$3.00 off wine flights on Friday* at both Lazy Ballerina Winery tasting rooms in Saint Joseph and Bridgman.
Education professionals receive 10% OFF every Friday!
*Flight special only available during normal business hours and is not available to groups of 8 or more.


text:
Yacov Osipovich Boyarsky (Yacov Iosifovich Shimshelevich) was a soviet theatre, trade union and community activist. In 1929—1936 he headed the Trade Union of Art Workers, in 1937—1939 he was the director of the Moscow Art Theatre.

Life
Yacov Boyarsky was born on 14 March 1890 in Smarhonʹ, Vilna Governorate. He was the youngest son in a big Jew family and had five brothers and two sisters. His father was a postal clerk. Yacov entered the Minsk Commercial school but was excluded for his membership in revolutionary circles, close to the Bund. In 1911 he was called up for military service to Perm Infantry Regiment №101, to the end of the war he served as a record clerk in a management unit. After the February Revolution he headed the company, then a regiment Army Committee.

In 1918 he took discharge and settled in the Tver Governorate. In 1919 he joined the CPSU, in the same year he headed the local
Council of National Economy in Kimry. In 1919—1921 he was the director of the Propaganda and Agitation Department at the Tver Principal Committee and headed the Tver Economy Council. In 1921 he took an active part in the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion.

Boyarsky participated in the establishment of the USSR Trade Unions. In 1921-1924 he was the chairman of the Smolensk Governorate Committee of Professional Unions, in 1924-1925 he occupied similar posts in Orenburg and Kazakh Committees, in 1926-1928 — in Kazan, in 1928-1929 — in Samara. Since the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party Boyarsky was a member of all Party and Federal Congresses. He was elected to the All-Russian and Central Executive Committees. In 1925 in Kazakhstan he met Nikolai Yezhov. In the 1920s he started using his mother's surname as a political pseudonym.

Since 1929 Boyarsky lived in Moscow. Between 1929 and 1936 he was the chairman of the RABIS. In 1930 he made a significant contribution to the establishment of the Central Art Workers House. Solomon Mikhoels, the art-director of the Moscow State Jewish Theatre spoke favourably about Boyarsky's management talent. French art expert Paul Gsell visited Moscow in 1934 and met Boyarsky, he remembered Yacov Osipovich "as a very active person with a very agile mind". Positive memories and opinions on him were also left by  and Ivan Kozlovsky. In 1936 Boyarsky supported Alexander Tairov from government oppression.

In 1936-1937 Yakov Boyarsky became the First Deputy Chairman in the USSR Arts Committee. In 1937 he replaced the purged former director of the Moscow Art Theatre . Under his direction were released such plays as "Woe from Wit" (1938), "The Earth", "Dostigaev and Co", etc. Pavel Markov, the Soviet art critic and teacher, highly appreciated the new director's work. Boyarsky had a troubled relationship with Konstantin Stanislavski but was on good terms with Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. Yacov Osipovich tried to help and re-employ Mikhail Bulgakov to the theatre, but the writer disliked Boyarsky and left his offer without an answer.

The Boyarskys were friends with Sergei Eisenstein and Nikolai Yezhov's family, they even rented a country house together, Yakov Agranov was their close neighbour. Such prominent art workers as Vladimir Mayakovsky, Lilya Brik, Nikolai Aseev, Isaac Babel, and Eduard Bagritsky were their guests.

When in 1939 Yezhov was arrested, he acknowledged homosexual contacts with Boyarsky in 1925 in Orenburg (homosexuality was a legal offense in the USSR since 1934 up to the 1990s). On the basis of Yezhov's statement, Boyarsky was arrested on 5 July 1939. Under interrogation, Boyarsky refused to confirm any counterrevolutionary activities but didn't reject accusations of homosexuality (presumably, trying to avoid political charges).

On 1 February 1940 Boyarsky was sentenced to capital punishment by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union on charges of participating in the 'Anti-Soviet Organization Of Rights And Trotskyites'. He was shot on 2 February 1940, together with Vsevolod Meyerhold and Mikhail Koltsov. Boyarsky was rehabilitated on 3 March 1956.

Family
In 1908 Boyarsky married Anna Arluck, a daughter of a lawyer and a pharmacist from Vilnius Isidor Arluck. On 25 October 1917, in Moscow, the couple's son was born. Iosif Boyarsky became a prominent figure in the Soviet cinema. Yakov and Anna also had a daughter Maya.

Memory

On 19 December 1966 the memorial evening was held at the Central House of Art Workers in Moscow.

References

Sources

1890 births
1940 deaths
Old Bolsheviks
Russian communists
Moscow Art Theatre
Soviet theatre directors

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Mount & Blade
Mount & Blade är ett PC-spel utvecklat av turkiska TaleWorlds som utgavs den 19 september 2008 av Paradox Interactive.
Mount & Blade är både ett rollspel och ett sandlådespel vilket innebär att man inte har något speciellt mål, man är istället fri att utveckla karaktären i den inriktningen man själv vill och skriva sin egen historia.

Spelet utspelar sig i det fiktiva landet Calradia där ett inbördeskrig pågår. Bland kungar och vasaller får spelaren möjligheten att skapa sin egen armé, slåss om makten och skapa en egen stat om den så vill.

Spelet är ett rollspel vilket innebär att man skapar sin egen karaktär och utvecklar den som man vill. Man kan utveckla sin karaktär genom att slåss vilket ger erfarenhetspoäng som leder till ens karaktärs nästa nivå. Då ens karaktär har nått nästa nivå kan man öka karaktärens färdigheter vilket gör den starkare. När man vinner strider får man även pengar, byten och kännedom. Med pengarna kan man köpa bland annat utrustning, mat och betala löner till sina soldater. Bytet kan användas, eller säljas för pengar i städer och byar. Med kännedom utökas förmågan att styra trupper vilket leder till större arméer.

Mount & Blade är även känt för sitt smarta stridssystem eftersom då man är fotsoldat eller ryttare påverkas slagen och blockeringarna av hur man rör musen och när man klickar på musknappen.

I spelet finns fem stater och de är:
 Kingdom of Nords, ett kungarike som har inspirerats av medeltidens norden.
 Kingdom of Vaegir, ett kungarike som har inspirerats av medeltidens slaviska länder.
 Kingdom of Rhodoks, ett kungarike som har inspirerats av medeltidens italienska stater.
 Kingdom of Swadia, ett kungarike vilket påminner om medeltidens Tyskland och Frankrike.
 Khergit Khanate, ett khanat som påminner om de nomadiska mongolernas khanat under medeltiden.

Mount & Blade: Warband
Warband är en fristående expansion som släpptes 2010. Expansionen introducerar ett multiplayer-läge med upp till 64 spelare. Landet Calradia är omgjort för att ge plats åt en sjätte ny stat, Sarranid Sultanate, inspirerad av den arabiska medeltiden. Utöver en mängd nya sorters vapen och proviant utökar expansionen också interaktionen mellan staterna med möjlighet till att ha äktenskap. Spelaren kan nu också välja att skapa sin egen stat och de kringströvande banditerna slår upp egna läger utspridda över landet.

Mount & Blade: With Fire & Sword
With Fire & Sword är ytterligare en fristående expansion till Mount & Blade. Skillnaden denna gång är bland annat att spelet inte längre utspelas i den fiktiva världen Calradia, utan i 1600-talets Östeuropa med fem nya verkliga riken. Då spelet försöker spegla den verkliga situationen i Östeuropa under de Nordiska krigen så har eldvapen tillkommit.

De nya kungadömena är:
The Kingdom of Sweden
The Crimean Khanate
The Tsardom of Moscow
The Cossack Hetmanate
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

With Fire & Sword släpptes 5 april 2011.

Referenser

Externa länkar
 Taleworlds officiella webbplats
 Mount & Blades inofficiella diskussionsforum

Windows-spel
Datorspel 2008
Datorspel utvecklade av Paradox Interactive
Öppen värld


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What To Watch Tonight features The Outpost (our Top Pick To Watch), as well as new Making It and Carter.
Most importantly, on Twitter, at 10p (EST), we'll be live tweeting our next TWO installments of the LOST Series re-watch with Season 2, Episodes 1 and 2, "Man of Science, Man of Faith" (a Jack Episode) and "Adrift" (a Michael episode)! Follow me on Twitter (@Popcultureview) and tweet along with us! We have to go back!


I've shared Packing Tips before but thought you might enjoy seeing what I travel with. For my inflight comfort I always travel with a pillow, gum (orbitz sweet mint), water, a good book, my ipod (see current playlist), socks and comfortable shoes.
When I finished my book I purchased wifi on the flight to work on my blog on my kindle fire. In the hotel room I watched the new season of Orange is the New Black. I would have watched it on the plane but their wifi specifically says it will not allow you to access netflix.
A total necessity this trip was my iphone portable charger! I have the iphone5 which only holds a charge for 1/3 of the day, then I would connect it to this lipstick case charger I carried in my purse to bump it up to 60%. Then by the end of the day it was out of power again but by then I would be at dinner or dip into the hotel beforehand to charge again. I gotta say I miss my old flip phone that I only had to charge once a week!
After a long tiring day, it's so easy to remove my eye makeup with these wipes.


text:
August 29, 2021 In Uncategorized
DELHI HIGH COURT OBSERVED THAT THE LOWER COURTS ARE NOT BOUND TO FOLLOW DECISIONS WHERE SUPREME COURT HAS DOUBTED CORRECTNESS OF THE DECISION
Recently, the Hon'ble #HighCourt of Delhi in the case of Bhagwati Devi Gupta v. Star Infratech (P) Ltd., (2021 SCC Online Del 3995), vide its #Judgment dated 11-08-2021 observed that once a #SupremeCourt Bench has doubted the correctness of an earlier Bench of equal strength and referred the issue to a larger Bench, the #lowercourts may not be bound to follow the earlier decision. However, the Court also clarified that this issue is debatable.
In this case, one Bhagwati Devi Gupta (the "Petitioner") had filed a petition under Section 11(5) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (the "Act 1996"), for appointment of an arbitrator to arbitrate on the dispute between the Petitioner and Star Infratech Pvt. Ltd (the "Respondent"). The Respondent raised an objection as to the issue between the Parties that the Agreement between the Parties was inadequately stamped and that till this defect is rectified, the Court cannot refer the dispute to Arbitration under the Act 1996. The Respondent relied on the Judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of N.N. Global Mercantile Pvt. Ltd. v. Indo Unique Flame Ltd. (2021 4 SCC 379), to support its contention.
On the contrary, the Counsel for the Petitioner submitted that the Arbitration Agreement was sufficiently stamped and that, even if it were not, this aspect could be decided by the Arbitrator.
The High Court examined the relevant paragraphs of the Judgment relied upon by the Respondent i.e., N.N. Global Mercantile Pvt. Ltd. (Supra) and observed that the Supreme Court in this case held that the non-payment or technical deficiency on the work order does not invalidate the main contract therefore it is a deficiency that can be cured by paying the requisite stamp duty. Accordingly, the said Judgment defeats the submission of the Respondent.
However, the Respondent then relied on another decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Vidya Drolia v. Durga Trading Corpn [(2021) 2 SCC 1], in respect of the relevant Paras of the case N.N. Global Mercantile Pvt. Ltd. (Supra). In this regard, the High Court noticed and observed that the Supreme Court in a later case had doubted the correctness of the view taken in the case of Vidya Drolia v. Durga Trading Corpn [(2021) 2 SCC 1] and referred the matter to a Constitution Bench of five Judges.
The following issues were raised before the High Court:
Whether the non-payment of Stamp Duty on the Work Order, would render the arbitration clause invalid, nonexistent, or unenforceable in law, till the stamp duty is paid on the substantive commercial contract.
Whether, once a bench of the Supreme Court has doubted the correctness of an earlier bench of co-equal strength, and referred the issue to a larger bench, Courts lower in hierarchy should continue to follow the earlier decision, appears to be debatable.
In this view, the High Court observed that the Stamp Act is a fiscal measure enacted to secure revenue for the State on certain classes of instruments: It is not enacted to arm a litigant with a weapon of technicality to meet the case of his opponent. The stringent provisions of the Act are conceived in the interest of the revenue once that object is secured according to law, the party staking his claim on the instrument will not be defeated on the ground of the initial defect in the instrument. Viewed in that light, the scheme is clear. Section 35 of the Stamp Act operates as a bar to an unstamped instrument being admitted in evidence or being acted upon;
With respect to the first issue, the Court held that held that an arbitration agreement is distinct and independent from the underlying substantive commercial contract. It further observed that once the Arbitration Agreement is held to have an independent existence it can be acted upon, irrespective of the alleged invalidity of the commercial contract.
The Court also held that the arbitration agreement would not be rendered invalid, unenforceable or non-existent, even if the substantive contract is not admissible in evidence, or cannot be acted upon on account of non-payment of Stamp Duty.
The Court further observed that it is debatable that once a Bench of the Supreme Court has doubted the correctness of an earlier bench of co-equal strength, and referred the issue to a larger bench, Courts lower in hierarchy should continue to follow the earlier decision.
Thus, the High Court finally referred the Parties are referred to the Delhi International Arbitration Centre (DIAC), which would appoint a suitable arbitrator.
Sushila Ram
Chief Consultant and Founder


text:
Message from Chief Education Officer
School Introduction
Nam Long Campus
Van Phuc Campus
EMASI Summer School 2019
Why Choose Our School?
Grade Placement
PREPARE FOR REGISTRATION
High School program from 10th Grade to 12th Grade is built on the foundation of Vietnamese MOET curriculum, with the adoption of modern approach being used nowadays in developed countries. This unique pedagogy is applied in consistence with the mission of EMASI group of schools at all grades. The intensive Cambridge English program is taught by native teachers, along with the arts and physical education program developed from the US Common Core / AERO Standards taught by foreign teachers.
Information Technology syllabus is in English to provide competent skill in order to enhance students' learning. In addition, students achieve information literacy skill through the Library Program which is developed and managed by a well-experienced international expert.
In the High School, students are introduced to philosophy, epistemology, psychology and political science, the very key areas of critical thinking.
On top of the English language program, and beside the MOET curriculum, 9th - 12th grade students who are capable can take up to 2 AP courses / year. Advanced Placement examinations are exams offered by the College Board and are taken each May by students. The tests are the culmination of year-long Advanced Placement (AP) courses. Some colleges and universities in the U.S. grant credits or advanced placement based on AP test scores. Colleges may also take AP grades into account when deciding which students to accept.
Period Subjects taught in English
6 ESL of Cambridge program
2 Maths of Common Core / AERO or AP program
2 Sciences of Common Core / AERO or AP program
1 Counselling program
1 Physical Education (PE)
1 Drama
2 ICT (1 period of General ICT, 1 period of application ICT related STEAM)
There's a career and university counseling program to help students identify what they want and how realistically they should do to achieve their goal. Students who wish to study further in Viet Nam universities will be trained at 12th Grade to be ready for the university entrance exam. For those who wish to study overseas will work along with the university counselor for the preparation. Especially students whose university destination is in the US will be taking SAT / ACT training in 10th and 11th grade to get ready even for the early admission application.
EMASI is a group of top-class international bilingual schools with an intensive English program, international facilities and American teaching methods that focus on developing critical skills for work and life in the modern global world
ĐĂNG KÝ LIÊN HỆ
Cảm ơn Thông tin của Phụ huynh. Nhà trường sẽ liên hệ với Phụ huynh trong thời gian sớm nhất
ƯU ĐÃI TRƯỚC 30/6


text:
DL Shirey
It went like this: Two high school buddies square off in mock confrontation, voices brimming with testosterone. Mine's longer than yours. No way, mine's longer. Belts are unbuckled, giving the impression to nearby girls of an imminent comparison of penises. They are whipped out with a flourish–the belts, I mean–and held up to one another to see who wins.
This was foreplay in 1973, when I had no idea what it took to attract the opposite sex. Acting the buffoon was a way to get attention, as was '70s fashion statements like bell-bottom Levi's, flower-print shirt and a white belt. I even had a pair of platform shoes, which, thank God, went out of fashion before the year was up.
Getting attention was the easy part and asking a girl out wasn't the problem. What I had no clue about was how to get past First Base. Another person who seemed to be in the same predicament was my friend, Charlie Banks. Our dearth of sexual conquests was so abysmal that, by the end of high school, we bet a thousand dollars to the one who got married last. I didn't go all the way until my sophomore year in college and I finally tied the knot at 38. Charlie is still a bachelor.
In high school we were bandmates. Not in a band rocking out covers of Led Zeppelin or The Who; no, in Band, the school music program, playing saxophones instead of electric guitars. We paraded in uniform to Sousa marches and made barely-recognizable formations on the football field during halftime performances. Still, we thought we were cool, and in our own way, popular. Not football or cheerleader popular, mind you, that would be taking self-aggrandizement too far.
Band was a social network calendared with events. Marching Band went to parades on weekends, each home football game had a halftime show and basketball games had the Pep Band, an elite subset of two-dozen musicians. And after the games and parades we all went to parties, a pizza joint or the ice cream parlor. Opportunities to engage with young women abounded, so there were plenty of occasions for Charlie and me to perform our little skit.
Charlie was the only African American in our high school class. He and a few dozen Hispanics barely scratched the color off a blindingly-white student body from our Anaheim, California neighborhood. If there was racial tension, I didn't see it, but then again, I was safely ensconced in the pale majority. We had Band, Charlie and me, and within this clique, all was right with society. My peers elected me Band President, while Charlie used our musical constituents and his dynamic personality to springboard to Senior Class President.
Our respective presidencies got us seats at the table of ICC, the impressively-acronymed inter-club council, where faculty and representatives from different student organizations came together to discuss school issues. I kept looking across the table at Charlie wondering how two cut-ups could be sitting in a conference room with cheerleaders, athletes and the most enviable kids at school. I felt like a comet that had strayed into the orbit of planets revolving popularity's shining star. And when a gavel banged the meeting to a close, I found myself chatting with people I never had the nerve to talk to before. Thank goodness I was dressed in my best '70s finery.
Then Charlie unbuckled.
Looking back, I realize the belt bit was nothing but a public display of immaturity in the same category with armpit farts, belching the alphabet or crowing "that's what she said" after anything vaguely sexual. It was a dick joke, plain and simple, but High School Me thought it clever, with layers of subtlety and deception that got the audience thinking one way, then BAM! off it went in a completely different direction. And it always got a laugh.
"Mine's longer than yours," Charlie smirked.
The gleam in his eyes lit the room, our biggest stage yet. Recognizing the opportunity and the status of spectators who turned to face us, I decided to raise my game and one-up the punch line, anxious to make an indelible impression.
"Well, mine's whiter." I yanked the snow-colored belt from my waistline.
Silence is bad, but it's worse when accompanied by a collective intake of breath. Charlie had a look on his face I'd never seen before, what I took as embarrassment from our comedic flop. It was only on that long, lonely walk back to the band room that I realized what I'd done.
DL Shirey lives in Portland, Oregon, where it's probably raining. Luckily, water is the first ingredient for beer. His short stories and non-fiction appear in 35 publications, including Confingo, Page & Spine, Zetetic and Every Day Fiction. You can find more of his writing at www.dlshirey.com.
You can find DL Shirey on these twitter here at @dlshirey