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12:00 AM, June 29, 2018 / LAST MODIFIED: 03:57 AM, June 29, 2018
Attention they deserve some
Obstacles to education of children with disabilities far from over
Data: Department of Social Services until June 3
Bishakha Devnath and Shadma Malik
It was a moment of pride when Parimal Kumar Das got his autistic son's SSC results this year, but memories of being turned down by other schools flashed through his mind.
Every time he sought admission for his son Anupam Kumar Das into a new school, he would be rejected.
Finally, Parimal got recommendations from government high-ups so he could not be refused. "Still, they were reluctant," he said.
An employee of a real estate company, Parimal never gave up on his son and finally got him admitted to a school.
However, not all children with special needs are as lucky as sixteen-year-old Anupam, whose family had the financial means and support from social groups and other parents of children with neurological development disorders.
The country currently has 387,663 differently-abled children registered under 12 categories with the social welfare ministry. Public schools and other educational institutions across the country meant for them can cater to only 1,990 students between the ages of six and 16, according to the website of the Directorate of Social Services. The facilities provide free education up to secondary level to students with speech, hearing, visual, and intellectual impairments.
To decrease the gap, 62 special schools have been founded by NGOs and through other private initiatives across the country. These can accommodate not more than 7,709 students.
On the other hand, Brac,a non-government organisation, has worked for inclusive education since 2003 in close cooperation with the government. Currently, their schools have 42,288 children with speech, physical, visual, hearing, intellectual and multiple impairments.
However, it still means that a big chunk of the children remain out of the education system.
A recent report by Save the Children, a non-government organisation, identifies children with disabilities in Bangladesh as "the worst victims of discrimination" with less than 20 percent of them having access to education.
To mitigate this, guidelines issued by the education ministry in 2016 and 2017 instruct public and private schools -- both primary and secondary -- to reserve two percent of their seats for the admission of children with special needs.
There is a special quota of one percent in higher secondary education as well for the admission of children with disabilities, said Prof Harun Or Rashid, college inspector of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dhaka.
Despite the government's new inclusive education policies, institutional discrimination exists due to a lack of awareness, enforcement and monitoring, said a Unicef report published in June 2014.
The private schools for children with disabilities serve as a good example of the lack of monitoring.
The government has brought such schools under its payroll.
But a system to regulate them is yet to be developed, said Mahmuda Min Ara, managing director of Jatiyo Protibondhi Unnayan Foundation, responsible for overseeing the activities of these institutions under the social welfare ministry.
"We are going to upgrade the 2009 integrated special education rules to incorporate regulatory measures," she added.
In absence of regulation, the education expenses at these institutions also vary widely.
The parent of a student at Proyash, one of the schools under the Monthly Pay Order (MPO) system, recently said he had paid Tk one lakh in yearly fees and Tk 10,000 monthly fees for three years for his autistic son, now aged 10.
Working at a mid-level position at a local private bank, he feels the cost of education is too much for him to bear any more. He recently requested the school authorities to reduce the fees.
"I have seen many positive behavioural changes in him," he said, while explaining why he wanted to keep his son in the school.
Back in Mirpur, Parimal said the biggest hurdle he faced in ensuring his son's education was school authorities' opposition.
But he did not back down, especially after a doctor, who had diagnosed Anupam with autism at one and a half years of age, suggested that studying and socialising with children without disabilities would help Anupam achieve a near-normal life, Parimal said in an interview at his residence in the last week of May.
While Anupam is about to embark on his next academic journey, Aakash, also 16, spends most of his days at a roadside shop playing computer games.
Aakash has autism spectrum disorder and cerebral palsy which leave him unable to speak. He, however, was quick to learn when younger, said his father Imam Ali, 50, showing his report cards from grade two and three.
"A doctor in Narayanganj treated him [Aakash] for nominal charges for about a year. He was five at the time. He learnt to walk after the treatment," said Imam, who is now employed as a security guard at a building not far from his residence at Bihari Colony, Dhaka.
"He wanted to study more," said Bedi Begum, Aakash's mother, but as Aakash had been bullied by other children at school, authorities insisted that he should be admitted to a special school.
"We hear on television of so many facilities that the government is providing to children like my son, but we don't get it."
Keeping time and money aside from Imam's daily struggle to make ends meet was so difficult that his son Aakash's necessities remained unattended.
According to Parimal, Imam and other parents in a similar situation, integration of special children in mainstream schools is not impossible; the teachers have to be sympathetic towards them and deal with them with care.
Parimal said the authorities of a college recently expressed their inability to accommodate his son with the excuse that it did not have skilled teachers.
To create a friendly environment for such children, Sajida Rahman Danny, chairman of Parents Forum for the Differently Able (PFDA), said some special arrangements were needed at every institution.
"We urge the government to set the minimum standards of school building infrastructure." Besides, skilled teachers should be employed, she added.
Bangladeshi children with disabilities
Of a farmer with passion for education
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Home / #MOLP / Watch Our Book Launch & Literary Prize Announcements LIVE!
Join Simon and Tracey West LIVE at The Hub in Lyme Regis between 11am and 2pm on Saturday 14th February at the prestigious launch of their 8 new spring titles.
They will also announce the winners of the Magic Oxygen Literary Prize, a unique writing competition for short stories and poetry that attracted almost 800 entries from 31 countries around the world.
Find out who has won a share of the £3,000 prize fund and get an update on the 800 trees they planted in their Word Forest in Bore, Kenya, representing one for each entry received.
Just click the YouTube streaming link below and over the course of the event, you'll hear readings from the anthology that contains the 20 shortlisted and winning entries and hear interviews with their creators too.
You'll also hear interviews and readings from the authors launching their wonderful new titles too.
As if that weren't enough, Mark James will be performing extracts from his award winning play, Dear Mother (available as a performance play script), Anthony Ravenwood the children's author of The Breathing Wheel and Connor Cadellin McKee who will take you on a roller-coaster ride with his dystopian adventure, Children of the Crater.
Grab a cup of tea, put your feet up and soak up the atmosphere of The Hub and breathe in a bit of Magic Oxygen.
All titles are available now in the shop!
We are having some YouTube problems at the moment. If we can get the video back it will be here and we will let people know. Sorry!
Tune in for news from these authors and more!


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The State of Digital
By Pace Ad Industry News, WPP Spotlight
Global online media consumption set to overtake TV in 2018 for the first time
Our WPP sister agency GroupM, the world's largest media investment management group, generates a series of publications forecasting global media marketplace futures. Recently, GroupM released their State of Digital report, focusing on the impact of technology and digital capabilities on consumers and advertisers. We thought some of their findings were worth sharing here. Read More
Debra Tantleff: Blazing a Trail for Women in Real Estate
By Pace Common Ground: Gender Equality, Trailblazers: Pioneering Women in Real Estate
A Common Ground Conversation with Debra Tantleff
Debra Tantleff
Our Common Ground campaign for Gender Equality continues! Today, we salute another pioneering woman in real estate: Debra Tantleff! Debra is Founding Principal of TANTUM Real Estate. We're proud to shine a spotlight on Debra and so many other trailblazers in the field. These women have paved the way for others to follow. Here's to every achievement earned, every milestone passed, and every glass ceiling shattered!
Meet Diana Riser, Pace President
By Pace Pace Expertise, Pace Updates, The Faces of Pace: Our People
Welcome Diana Riser
There have been a lot of exciting changes happening at Pace lately, including the integration of our New York and Florida offices; the transition of Green Integrated Marketing Services into Pace, FL Division; the launching of our new Miami office; and the appointment of Diana Riser as President, heading up our FL Division! We're excited to have Diana on board – and we'd like to take a moment to properly welcome her and introduce her to our Pace family, friends and followers.
Samantha Sax of Elad Group: A Common Ground Conversation
By Pace Common Ground: Gender Equality, CRE Marketing, Trailblazers: Pioneering Women in Real Estate
A Common Ground Conversation with Samantha Sax
Samantha Sax, Executive Vice President of Marketing & Design at Elad Group
We're pleased to present the latest in our Common Ground campaign for Gender Equality. Here, we salute Samantha Sax, Executive Vice President, Marketing and Design at Elad Group, one of the nation's leading real estate companies. Samantha has an impressive resume, having advanced in some of the industry's top firms. A true trailblazer, her example and accomplishments are paving the way for other women in the field. Here's to every achievement earned, every milestone passed, and every glass ceiling shattered! Read More
A Conversation with Roxanne Donovan, President of Great Ink
HERE'S TO ANOTHER TRAILBLAZER…
We continue our Common Ground campaign for Gender Equality, as we salute the women of real estate! There are so many pioneers in the field; women who have blazed the way for others to follow. We're proud to shine a spotlight on them. Here's to every achievement earned, every milestone passed, and every glass ceiling shattered!
ROXANNE DONOVAN, President – Great Ink Communications
Roxanne Donovan, President – Great Ink
Ms. Donovan is President of Great Ink, one of the country's leading real estate-focused public relations firms, a business she founded in 1992. Her firm represents the full spectrum of the industry—commercial, residential, finance, legal, construction, design, advisory, information services, and trade organizations in New York and nationally. Read More
A Conversation with Onay Payne, Equity Partner at Clarion Partners
Here's to the Trailblazers!
Our Common Ground campaign for Gender Equality salutes the women of real estate. There are so many pioneers in the field, blazing the way for others to follow. We're proud to spotlight just a few of them. So here's to every achievement earned, every milestone passed, and every glass ceiling shattered.
ONAY PAYNE, Portfolio Manager
– Clarion Partners
Ms. Payne is an equity partner at Clarion Partners and a portfolio manager for private equity real estate investments in the U.S. and Mexico. In June 2013, Ms. Payne was honored by the Robert Toigo Foundation as one if its "40 Under 40." In addition, she was recognized as one of Real Estate Forum Magazine's "Women of Influence 2010." Ms. Payne has co-authored research articles published in industry periodicals, including The Industrial Real Estate Letter and Inmobiliare Magazine. Read More
Adrienne Albert: A Common Ground Conversation with the CEO of The Marketing Directors
By Pace Common Ground: Gender Equality, New Home Marketing, Residential Real Estate Marketing, Trailblazers: Pioneering Women in Real Estate
Anything but Common!
As part of our Common Ground campaign for Gender Equality, Pace proudly salutes the women of real estate! Here's to every achievement earned, every milestone passed, and every glass ceiling shattered.
ADRIENNE ALBERT, CEO – The Marketing Directors
Adrienne Albert is nationally recognized as one of the foremost marketing and sales experts in residential real estate. With her firm, The Marketing Directors, Ms. Albert has been personally responsible for the marketing and sales of over $30 billion in residential sales. Read More
A Few Wrong Reasons to Reject Taglines
By Randy Kershner A Fresh Look at Advertising, Branding & Marketing, Pace Expertise, Pace Services
As part of our branding services, we develop a lot of taglines for clients. Taglines are tricky. Chances are, most agencies, writers, marketers, and clients have rejected a great tagline for the wrong reason. Read More
The Club at Pearl River: Live. Life. Better!
By Pace New Home Marketing, Pace Creative Spotlight: Our Work, Pace Expertise, Pace Services
We're pleased to be working with BNE Real Estate Group on their new project, The Club at Pearl River – and proud to share some of our work for this exciting new project. Read More
3 Cheers for Holly Kingsley, Named Chief Operations Officer at Pace
By Pace Awards & Honors, Media Spotlight: Pace in the News, Pace Updates, The Faces of Pace: Our People
Holly Kingsley, newly appointed Pace COO
We love when good things happen to good people – and all the better when it's one of our own! We're very proud to announce that Holly Kingsley has been named Chief Operations Officer (COO) at Pace! Read More

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When I became Reformed over a decade ago, I was convinced I was the only Reformed African at the time. All my African friends looked at me with bewilderment when I first talked about Reformed theology with them. But then in one of his sermons, Paul Washer mentioned a pastor from Zambia he named "the African Spurgeon", and that's how I discovered that I wasn't the only Reformed African in the world—that's how I learned about Conrad Mbewe.
Conrad Mbewe is the pastor of Kabwata Baptist church in Zambia. He's the co-founder and Senior Lecturer at African Christian University and the principal at Lusaka Ministerial College. He is also a board member at Central Africa Baptist College and the Covenant College Zambia, and the editor of Reformation Magazine. He is also the author of several books, including Foundations For The Flock (2011), Insights from the Lives of Olive Doke and Paul Kasonga for Pioneer Mission and Church Planting Today (2014), and Pastoral Preaching—Building a People for God (2017).
And It's my distinct privilege to interview him today.
Sir, since the Lord called you to pastoral ministry at Kabwata Baptist church over thirty years ago, the church became reformed within five years, the church's membership is eleven times larger, and you've helped plant over thirty reformed churches. So from your perspective, is Zambia and Africa more receptive to the true gospel today than it was thirty years ago?
Whereas all your data about me and the work I have been involved in is correct, I would not say that I have observed any major change over the last thirty years in terms of receptivity to the gospel among people on the continent of Africa. Generally speaking, Africans are open to discussions about spiritual matters and respect individuals who come to them "in the name of the Lord" (however they understand that). In that sense, there is an open door for the gospel and we have done our best to take advantage of that. I think that this door will not remain open for too long because of atheistic educational philosophies. However, for now the door remains open.
You've mentioned that the prosperity gospel is perceived as orthodox Christianity in Africa. But what does the future look like for the prosperity gospel in Africa? Is the prosperity gospel growing, stalling, or dwindling in Africa?
Sadly, the prosperity gospel continues to grow unabated on the African continent. The primary reason, I think, is because it is largely a Trojan Horse within the Charismatic movement, which in turn is part of the Evangelical movement on the continent. Thus, it is seen as part of orthodox Christianity. This is what makes it hard to address it. The most well-known prosperity gospel preachers in Africa have risen to the top (in terms of publicity) of the Charismatic movement and are, therefore, its perceived leaders in the popular mind. The few leaders in that movement who try to be balanced are a faint echo in the background that hardly anyone hears. Because of this, I can only see the prosperity gospel growing rather than stalling or dwindling on this continent.
What are the realistic steps toward reformation in Africa? What practical role should Western churches play in that endeavor?
That is a very difficult question to answer because Africa is very wide. Obviously, to begin with, we must ensure that we have a growing number of local churches that truly represent the biblical norm of what local churches should be in doctrine and practice. In order to ensure this, we need to have more and more pastors and other leaders of the churches that already answer to this description involved in serious church-planting missions work. They need to also be more visible so that their orthodox message can spread. We need to use the print and electronic media a lot more to ensure that biblical Christianity is on the information floor of the young intelligentsia on the continent. I am not sure that there is a greater role that the Western churches should be playing than they are already playing. The task is now ours as African church leaders to hold the bull by the horns and get to work.
One of the reasons why the prosperity gospel is so prevalent in Africa is because of the high poverty rate in the continent. Can Africa abandon the prosperity gospel while many of its people suffer from poverty?
I fully agree. Men and women who are well below the poverty datum line often want a quick fix. Anyone who gives them the impression that he is reeking with anointing to turn their fortunes around soon gains a mega-following. This is definitely part of the explanation. I do not think that our task as a church is to look for social changes in order to address spiritual issues. As Jesus once said, "The poor you will always have with you." Our task is to hold above all the noise of the false gospels the nature of the true gospel—the gospel that truly saves sinners from sin and hell. We should light true candlesticks so that across the African landscape the elect of God can see the light and be called into the kingdom. Error will always be with us. We must, however, ensure that the truth is not hidden under bowls. Those who come to true saving faith in Christ will see through the thin veneer of pretense and deceit in the prosperity gospel and shun it with disgust. That is the ultimate hope for Africa.
In your article, "Why There's No Such Thing as African Christianity", you wrote: "the difference between American and African pastors is very superficial. Would you expand on that further? What would you say to Western pastors who feel pressure to adapt their ministry to attract African members?
That is a very important question. To begin with, I was writing from the perspective of what I am seeing on the African continent. I was not writing with a London or New York church situation in mind, though the principles still apply. My concern is that there is a false view that our most relevant task as Christians in Africa today is to remove the robes of Western Christianity from biblical Christianity and then clothe it with an African attire. Too many people are spending precious time and energy on this wild goose chase. What I am seeing as a result of this agenda is totally ridiculous. That should not be our concern because in reality "the difference between American and African pastors is very superficial". Rather, I would say to Western pastors who feel pressure to adapt their ministry to attract African members that our primarily concern should be that of making disciples of all nations…and teaching them to observe (obey) everything that Jesus has commanded us. We should be so focused on the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ that all our superficial differences pale into insignificance. That is what I love about the Reformed Faith and the doctrines of grace. You get so enamored by the majesty of God and his indescribable love for sinners that you totally forget your skin color and your cultural "issues". God becomes all in all!
Many Africans throughout the Diaspora have embraced reformed theology. But I'm not sure if that's benefited Africa. It seems at times that we have forgotten our motherland. What do you think, sir? How should we Africans in the West help Africa? And does this extend to Black Westerners?
I am not the best person to comment on this because I have had very few direct dealings with Africans in the Diaspora. I have very little close interaction with them for me to know what they are doing as individuals for the church back home on the continent. I tend to relate to churches in the West rather than individuals. Many of them have members of African descent. I rejoice to see such healthy multi-cultural churches that represent the environment in which they are while glorying in the grace of God. When I have asked for help, these churches have come forward to help. I think that as long as the Africans in those churches continue to remind their leaders not to forget the needs of Africa in their prayers and financial giving I would not pressurize them beyond that.
Sir, this is the most crucial question of the entire interview: which is better, Ghanaian jollof or Nigerian jollof? Your discernment is on the line.
Ha! I do not even know what jollof is. This is where I wished I had the extraordinary gift of discernment. I was about to Google it but decided that in this case ignorance may be bliss!
Do you have any questions for me, sir?
My guess is that you have lived on both sides of the Atlantic. If I am correct, what do you think Africans in the Diaspora who have embraced the Reformed Faith should be doing as a sign that they have not forgotten the motherland? How should they help Africa? I am very interested in your perspective.
Yeah, I moved from Ghana to Canada when I was 10 years old. It's hard to believe that was over 21 years ago!
Sir, when Voddie Baucham moved to Zambia to become the Dean of Theological Education at African Christian University, I was so thrilled that Dr. Baucham sacrificed comforts in America to serve our Lord in Africa. But it also made me sad. I realized that throughout all my conversations about ministry with hundreds of reformed Africans in the diaspora, I can't think of single instance when anyone of us expressed a desire to sacrifice our comforts on this side of the Atlantic so we would return to Africa for ministry.
I am thrilled that so many of my dear African brothers and sisters are serving in local churches in Canada, America, and England, but I wish I could name a single person from the many of us who embraced Reformed theology in the West who has moved back to Africa to serve our Lord.
And though many of us are maybe unable to move to Africa, I think Africans like me need to do a better job supporting ministries in Africa. For instance, one simple but crucial way we can start supporting African ministries is by donating to the African Christian University.


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The Green Grid wants you!
The Green Grid hopes to expand their membership to all those involved in the search for more energy efficient operations.
The Green Grid industry consortium, focused on developing metrics and technical resources for operating and building energy efficient datacenters, has announced that they are opening their membership rolls to individuals, not just businesses and industry vendors. The $400 individual membership will give analysts and consultants, who don't work for larger companies that are already members, access to the conferences and resources that the Green Grid can provide.
The membership gives the individual access to all of the members-only webcasts on the technical topics that the Green Grid is working on and producing, the ability to participate in committees and working groups within the Green Grid and the ability to participate in all of the general meetings of the organization.
Additionally membership includes one registration to the annual Green Grid Forum, access to the members-only section of the green Grid website, and the use of the Green Grid member logo and their "Tradeshow in a Box" materials.
Details on joining the Green Grid can be found here.


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Parenchyma () is the bulk of functional substance in an animal organ or structure such as a tumour. In zoology it is the name for the tissue that fills the interior of flatworms.

Etymology
The term parenchyma is New Latin from the  word παρέγχυμα  parenchyma meaning 'visceral flesh', and from παρεγχεῖν parenkhein meaning 'to pour in' from παρα- para- 'beside' + ἐν en- 'in' + χεῖν khein 'to pour'.

Originally, Erasistratus and other anatomists used it to refer to certain human tissues. Later, it was also applied to plant tissues by Nehemiah Grew.

Structure
The parenchyma is the functional parts of an organ, or of a structure such as a tumour in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs or of structures, namely, the connective tissues.

Brain
The brain parenchyma refers to the functional tissue in the brain that is made up of the two types of brain cell, neurons and glial cells. It is also known to contain collagen proteins. Damage or trauma to the brain parenchyma often results in a loss of cognitive ability or even death. Bleeding into the parenchyma is known as  intraparenchymal hemorrhage.

Lungs

Lung parenchyma is the substance of the lung that is involved with gas exchange and includes the pulmonary alveoli.

Liver
The liver parenchyma is the functional tissue of the organ made up of around 80% of the liver volume as hepatocytes. The other main type of liver cells are non-parenchymal. Non-parenchymal cells constitute 40% of the total number of liver cells but only 6.5% of its volume.

Kidneys
The renal parenchyma is divided into two major structures: the outer renal cortex and the inner renal medulla. Grossly, these structures take the shape of 7 to 18 cone-shaped renal lobes, each containing renal cortex surrounding a portion of medulla called a renal pyramid.

Tumors
The tumor parenchyma, of a solid tumour, is one of the two distinct compartments in a solid tumour. The parenchyma is made up of neoplastic cells. The other compartment is the stroma induced by the neoplastic cells, needed for nutritional support and waste removal. In many types of tumour, clusters of parenchymal cells are separated by a basal lamina that can sometimes be incomplete.

Flatworms
Parenchyma is the tissue made up of cells and intercellular spaces that fills the interior of the body of a flatworm, which is an acoelomate. This is a spongy tissue also known as a mesenchymal tissue, in which several types of cells are lodged in their extracellular matrices. The parenchymal cells include myocytes, and many types of specialised cells. The cells are often attached to each other and also to their nearby epithelial cells mainly by gap junctions and hemidesmosomes. There is much variation in the types of cell in the parenchyma according to the species and anatomical regions. Its possible functions may include skeletal support, nutrient storage, movement, and many others.

References

External links

Tissues (biology)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Palouse Habitat builds strength, stability, and self-reliance through shelter. Our mission is to serve neighbors in need by working to eliminate poverty housing on the Palouse and worldwide.
Habitat Office is 306 North Main and Surplus Sale is 304 North Main in Moscow, ID. Located on North Main/Highway 95, between Hahn Rental and Northwest Showcase, across the street from Dutch Bros.


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This Is Not the Tropics
Ladette Randolph
The stories collected in This Is Not the Tropics come from the geographic center of a divided nation, and its protagonists evoke a split personality—one half submerged in America's own diehard mythology, the other half searching to escape tradition. Together they form a portrait of the Plains that is both quirky and poignant. While the themes in this collection are familiar—love and betrayal, loneliness and regret, the needs of the individual versus the needs of the community—the tales themselves are startling and new. Whether it is the story of an eccentric out-of-work accordion player; a woman ending a long marriage against the backdrop of a visit from her failing mother; a young girl who wishes to solve a mystery until real mystery enters her life; or all of the men in a small Nebraska town who annually compete in a hilariously earnest beauty pageant, these are tales that speak of the lives lived in the small towns, the prairie cities, and on the dirt roads off blue highways in the middle of nowhere and everywhere.
Ladette Randolph is the editor in chief of Ploughshares magazine and is distinguished publisher in residence at Emerson College. She is the author of Private Way (Nebraska, 2022), A Sandhills Ballad (Bison Books, 2011), Haven's Wake (Bison Books, 2013), and the memoir Leaving the Pink House.
"[These stories] brim with timeless truths about love, insecurity, and the glue that holds relationships together. . . . Randolph gets each and every character just right."—Booklist
"Ladette Randolph's stories sink their teeth into the deep Nebraska Midwest the way that Flannery O'Connor tore into the heart of Georgia. There's a wonderfully sly, deadpan sweetness at work here, so that it may take a moment to realize how odd and twisty the stories are. . . . These are beautifully crafted, beguiling stories: witty, wise, and wicked."—Dan Chaon, author of You Remind Me of Me
"Ladette Randolph's stories have the sly, subtle intensity of a snake gliding through grass. They sneak up on their characters and the reader alike, invoking humor, grace, and wisdom before pouncing on us with exhilarating epiphanies that are as dark and brutal as they are hopeful."—Meghan Daum, author of The Quality of Life Report
"These are stories of compassion and surprising generosity, as characters who have been trapped find escape, who have been lonely find company, and who have endured loss face not sorrow, but transformation."—Erin McGraw, author of The Good Life: Stories
"A clear-eyed portrait of the plains."—Publishers Weekly
What She Knows
A Member of the Family
The Boy in the Band Uniform
The Shouting Woman
Miss Kielbasa
It's Cheaper to Live in the Dark
The Picture in Her Dream
After Canaan
The Sensitive Man
The Kid and Me
Frederick Turner
When the Wanderers Come Home
Patricia Jabbeh Wesley
Melissa Fraterrigo
American English, Italian Chocolate
Rick Bailey
Black Jesus and Other Superheroes
Venita Blackburn
No Confession, No Mass
Jennifer Perrine
My Wife Wants You to Know I'm Happily Married
Joey Franklin
The Kitchen-Dweller's Testimony
Ladan Osman
Foreword by Kwame Dawes
Hemingway on a Bike
Eric Freeze
Now We Will Be Happy
Amina Gautier


I really like the cut of Pirate's Cove's jib. It's straightforward, polished and well produced. It's also a lot of fun to play.
The game sees you and up to four run soaked chums setting sail as pirates in your very own jellopy pirate ship. Your ship is made up of four stats.
Sails : initiative in a fight.
Cannons : how many dice you roll in a fight.
Four of the islands each allow you to buy increases in one of these stats. They are cleverly named Sail, Cannon, Crew and Hull island. The fifth gives you a spot to bury money and treasure (guess the name) and the last one is tavern island where you can visit the brothel and pickup something nasty or more accurately buy pirate cards that give you one shot bonuses in combat, some bonus game points or something nasty to unleash on your opponents when they're down and you feel it your piratey duty to administer a swift kick.
Each turn treasure cards are turned over on each island which show varying amounts of gold, fame, treasure and pirate cards. Players secretly pick which of the islands they wish to sail to and they're all revealed and pirates move there in one go. If more than one pirate lands at the same island it's Fightin Time!
Battles are pretty simple affairs and let players hammer each others ship into submission. When it's your shot you pick a section to target (sails, crew, cannon, hull) and blaze away hopefully reducing on of these. Bad things happen when you get hit getting hit in these sections reduce your initiative, firepower or loses you valuable treasure. Reduce any of these stats to zero and blub blub they lose the battle and wind up at the seventh island I didn't mention before, Pirate Island a sort of pirate quick fit that patches your ship back up just enough to get you back on the sea. Coming back from Pirate island straight into another battle is painful. If you're unlucky or the other players are vindictive (of course) you could see it several times in a game.
Those left standing at the islands grab the aforementioned booty and (at least with my group) lord it over the other players who didn't fare to well this turn.
Treasure island in the middle of the map is like a highlander holy ground. Multiple ships can be there but you can't have a fight. The central island lets you bury treasure and gold for fame points.
I'll be 'aving words with you about the Hull comment.


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I am always on here.... part of the reason it is hard to get people on here is because no one posts regularly. That is why I am here all the time!
Ok people you heard the man start posting regularly! We need to get these forums back the way they used to be. This website needs to be making money! I must say you have been persistant with this site and i hope it really blows up for you someday.
I have got it! The administration needs to email all registered members letting them know about the upcoming giveaway and also just to get their funky asses back on the forums. Surely out of 500 it would bring back say 20 to 50 people. Let me know if you want i will be have to send emails.
Well I'm here, but I'm new so I don't think that counts.
I check forums once a week so I should post regularly if it turns out I have something to day. Who knows.
Good point. Well it seems as though the forums have reverted back to their former state as of 40 days ago once again. Can't say I have any better ideas though, since I'm not quite a regular. You might want to find some affiliates with similiar sites who have actual regulars since there's a small chance those regulars might migrate over here if they find out about the site. Just a thought.
The main reason is we don't have a boatland of new content, other than news. It takes a tremendous amount of time and energy to keep coming up with new material. With our limited staff, that's almost impossible. I have been on only infrequently lately due to my other job (the one that pays the bills) and my travels. Though I can't say enough about the beer in Belgium.
Right now, on my plate to review and working on.
and the site news, maintenance, job, school, company, girlfriend, dog, cat, rabbit, snake, fish, girlfriend, girlfriend, girlfriend....eeek. I need help.


The theme this year is "Brexit: Ireland's Opportunity" and is open to entrants who are 18 years or under or those who are 19 years and over. Winners in both categories will receive a prize sponsored by the EU Commission with runner up prizes sponsored by the Europe Direct Information Centre in Blanchardstown.
Winners in both categories will also go forward to the National final in Dublin in November with a chance of winning €1000 and a trip to Brussels for 2 people.


text:
Lisbeth Salander in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo
Lisbeth Salander, known for her "crooked smile," is one of the most intriguing characters to hit bookstores ever. She was born on Walpurgis Night, April 30th. This holiday marks the return of spring. On Walpurgis Night, Swedish people burn bonfires, traditionally to ward off witches and evil spirits, but also to get rid of garbage. (This will prove rather ironic when we get to The Girl Who Played With Fire.)
Salander is Irene Nesser and Monica Sholes when she stealing Wennerström's millions, and Wasp when she's hacking. Often, you won't even see her. She's behind the scenes, watching, listening, making things happen, anonymous. Salander's appearance (tattoos, piercings, provocative T-shirts, spiky hair, short skirts) and her unusual mannerisms give those who encounter her plenty of room to misjudge and stereotype her.
Hmm. Miss Salander seems rather familiar…. The awesome mental processing, the questionable morality, the cold gaze, the difficulty interacting "normally" with people, the seeming lack of emotion, the underground pursuit of justice, the holding back of information from the cops and other authorities, the use of technology and scientific reasoning to solve crimes…. Why, she's a lot like our good old famous British friend from the 1890s, Sherlock Holmes, who has influenced just about every detective that came after him.
We also wouldn't be surprised to find her in an episode of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles or a chapter from X-Men. But no chemical agent transforms Salander into the daring, troubled, vigilante genius we see before us. She was born with her powers (like Holmes) and, as future books explore more deeply, she was transformed by corrupt people in the mental health and social welfare system, among other things. As strong as Salander is, she's very vulnerable and full of self-doubt. She's isolated by the mysterious trauma of her past, and by her official status as a mentally ill person. Not wanting her friends to find out stops her from turning to them for help when she really needs it.
With a photographic memory, a proclivity for snooping, and a genius for hacking, she's the perfect private investigator-vigilante. She uses her PI work to make a living and, more importantly, to expose corrupt individuals. Certainly, many would argue that Salander herself is corrupt. She is a never-ending moral quandary. Whatever we think of her moral code, we admire her desire to protect those who can't protect themselves.
In a rare interview, Stieg Larsson said:
I picked up Pippi Longstocking. What would she be like today? What would she be like as an adult? What would she be called? Sociopath? DAMP-child? She has a different view of society than others. […] I made her into Lisbeth Salander, 25 years old, with a feeling of being a total outsider. (source)
Pippi Longtocking, real name Pippi Långstrump, is the redheaded, pointy-braided child star of Swedish author Astrid Lindgren's beloved series of ten stories. And yes, Salander is indeed a redhead, though she literally hides her Pippi-roots by dying her hair black.
At one point Salander has a metafictional moment, and takes a swipe at her author, saying, "Sombody'd get a fat lip if they ever called me Pippi Longstocking on a newspaper placard" (2.104). We thinks she doth protest too much! In The Girl Who Played With Fire we see that Salander takes her Pippi-ness quite seriously.
Both Salander and Pippi use questionable methods to serve what they consider to be a greater good, and both have a fierce moral code. Both are alone in the world at a young age, and both have some pretty amazing powers. Pippi's so strong she can lift horses, and Salander makes up what she lacks in strength with technology, brainpower, and nerve.
Pippi is always smiling. For fun, count the times Salander smiles her "crooked smile," and for bonus points, find where she smiles her "crooked non-smile." We promise you, the parallels and non-parallels don't stop there. So, if you're looking for what to read next, might we recommend Pippi?
Salander's Principles
"I call them Salander's Principles. One of them is that a bastard is always a bastard, and if I can hurt a bastard by digging up s*** about him, then he deserves it." (18.160)
Critic Nick Cohen says, "As a just avenger, Lisbeth Salander is a worthy successor to Edmond Dantès in The Count of Monte Cristo, because Larsson was certain of the righteousness of her cause" (source). Like Dantès, Salander employs a variety of disguises and personas in order to mete out her revenge and, perhaps, to distract us from the real Salander within.
But, the real Salander within is in part her avenger personality. Getting revenge on men who abuse women is her life's work, the driving force behind many of her actions. What events in her past formed this particular interest? Sorry, but you'll have to read the next book to find out!
Before she saves his life, Mikael Blomkvist thinks Salander is "an information junkie with a delinquent child's take on morals and ethics" (21.9). In turn, she finds him "unbearably naïve with regard to certain elementary moral issues" (29.15). She thinks, "he would never get it that the raptors of the world only understood one language" (29.15). The language she's referring to is the language of violence, brute force, and cunning.
Of people like Martin and Gottfried, she says, "If I had to decide, men like that would be exterminated, every last one" (27.124). In Salander's world, there's no room for compromise. If a man hurts a woman, he deserves to die or to be punished in a such a way that he can't repeat his crimes. In this way, she poses an ethical dilemma for the readers. Each of us must decide how we feel about her actions, her methods, and her take on morality and ethics.
Salander and Blomkvist
Salander's greatest fear, which was so huge and so black that it was of phobic proportions, was that people would laugh at her feelings. (Epilogue.125)
From the book jacket, we know right from the start that Salander and Blomkvist will meet. But it takes half the book for this to happen! It's about as maddening as waiting for Bella and Edward to get together in the second Twilight book. When Salander's looking for somebody to turn to when Bjurman first rapes her, we think, "Blomkvist!" Of course, when she does meet Blomkvist, the last thing she wants to do is tell him her secrets.
We can't forget the intense shame Salander feels about her life. She often worries often about what the people she knows will think of her if they find out. This constant self-doubt contrasts intensely with her supreme self-confidence in so many other situations (think: golf club; think: Zurich). She's confident in her role as an avenger, but not in her role as a plain old human being, and not as someone beloved.
Ironically, Blomkvist would be the best person in the world to tell. He is the one who's least prone to judge her of anybody. If he knew about her life, he would be entirely supportive. On some level, she does know this. He already accepts everything about her, doesn't judge her, try to wrangle her secrets out of her, or hide from her. He doesn't have any problem with the fact that she's a hacker. This is why she falls in love with the guy. This love pushes her to face her greatest fear, as expressed in the quote up top.
Sadly she forgets who he is, a man with a lover who's been neglected by him for the past year, Erika Berger. If she'd thought it through she might have guessed he'd be with Berger at the end of the novel, and called first. Salander betrays herself as a romantic, caught up in the idea of surprising her lover with a declaration of her devotion. It's so sad that the moment she lets her guard down, she gets smacked again. But that's just the way it is sometimes. Will Blomkvist ever know of her love, of her secrets? Is there a romantic prayer for this dynamic due?
Asperger's syndrome, [Blomkvist] thought. Or something like that. A talent for seeing patterns and understanding abstract concepts where other people perceive only white noise. (27.98)
A quick look at Asperger's syndrome shows us that Larsson intended Salander to meet the description of a person with the syndrome. Here are a few of the "symptoms" cited by the Mayo Clinic:
Displaying unusual nonverbal communication, such as lack of eye contact, few facial expressions, or awkward body postures and gestures
Showing an intense obsession with one or two specific, narrow subjects […]
Appearing not to understand, empathize with or be sensitive to others' feelings
Sounds like our girl, doesn't it? Asperger's is most often represented as an incurable neurological disorder, a subtype of autism. Yet, Blomkvist sees it as a talent, something positive. So, we weren't surprised when our search for "Asperger" and "Benefits" yielded another vision of the syndrome.A website devoted to supporting children with Asperger's notes that a range of geniuses, including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Marie Curie, Galileo, Shakespeare, and Jane Austen, might have had Asperger's. (Though it admits we can't be diagnosing dead people.) Hans Asperger, who named the syndrome, said,for success in science or art, a dash of autism is essential. The essential ingredient may be an ability to turn away from the everyday world, from the simply practical and to rethink a subject with originality so as to create in new untrodden ways with all abilities canalized into the one specialty. (source)Through the character of Salander, we're asked think more deeply about the way various societies view people who diverge from social rules and norms. And it's asking us to consider ways in which societies can be more accommodating and understanding of these kinds of differences.
Salander and Armansky
Salander's boss Dragan Armansky says she's the best PI ever. But, he also thinks she's "headed for disaster" (21.139) and "the perfect victim for anyone who wished her ill" (21.139). She drives him completely nuts because she acts so darn weird and yet he's inexplicably attracted to her. She admits to sharing the attraction, but she doesn't fool around with married guys and definitely not with her boss.
She also feels pretty friendly toward Armansky and trusts him to a degree. But she sees him as a Boss, with a capital B, and she's afraid that if she asks him for help, or lets him deeper into her life, he'll boss her around and control her. So she pushes him away, and basically takes him for granted. She doesn't even speak to him when he comes to her mother's funeral. He understands she's upset, but Salander wears his patience thin. We see more of this complicated relationship in future books.
Sex seems to be as big a part of Salander's life as it is of Blomkvist's in spite of the shame she feels over her skinny body. In contrast to Blomkvist, she's almost always the initiator in any sexual encounter. We learn that as she was ending her teenage years, she has a few dozen sexual partners in just two years. This seems to be at a time when she felt most powerless in her life.
Her thoughts suggest she was using sex as an outlet for those feelings of powerlessness and possibly in a self-destructive way, often combined with lots of alcohol. We're told that when her life stabilizes with the job at Milton Security, sex becomes less of a focus of her life, and she has a safer and more intimate approach to it.
Salander has male and female lovers alike:
She did not give a damn about labels, did not see that it was anybody else's business who she spent her nights with. If she had to chose, she preferred guys. […] The only problem was finding a guy who was not a jerk, and who was good in bed – Mimmi was a sweet compromise […]. (18.2)
We don't actually meet Mimmi in this book, though she was in Salander's bed right before Blomkvist intrudes on Salander's apartment the morning they meet. Mimmi plays a bigger role in the rest of the trilogy. We also get new takes on Salander's sexuality as she grows in the books that follow Tattoo.
Mikael Blomkvist
Henrik Vanger
Harriet Vanger
Martin Vanger
Hans-Erik Wennerström
Erika Berger
Advokat Nils Erik Bjurman
Dragan Armansky
Advokat Holger Palmgren
Salander's Mother
Cilla Norén
The Evil Fingers
Bob the Dog
Greger Beckman
Monica Abrahamson
Christer Malm
Janne Dahlman
Henry Cortez
Lotta Karim
Sonny Magnusson
Monika Nillson
Malin Eriksson
Ingela Oskarsson
Annika Giannini
Robert Lindberg
Kurt and Anita Blomkvist
William Borg
Advokat Bertil Camnermarker
Cecilia Vanger
Anita Vanger
Gottfried Vanger
Isabella Vanger
Edith Vanger
Birger Vanger
Dirch Frode
Detective Superintendant Morell
Pastor Otto Falk
Harald Vanger
Ingrid Vanger
Richard and Margareta Vanger
Greger and Gerda Vanger
Alexander Vanger
Fredrik and Ulrika Vanger
Johan Vanger
Gottfried and Birger Vanger
Pastor Margareta Strandh
Tjorven the Cat
Jeff Cochran
Spencer Cochran
Eva Hassel
Kurt Nylund
Conny Torsson
Gunnar Karlman
Anna Nygren
Bodil Lindgren
Magnus Nillson
Helena Nilsson
Sixten Norland
Gustav Arronson
Jerker Arronson
Eugene Norman
Rebecka Jacobsson
Mari Holmberg
Rakel Lunde
(Magda) Lovisa Sjöberg
Liv Gustavsson
Lea Persson
Sarah Witt


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This year's Annual Meeting & 20th Anniversary Picnic will be held at Lake Conestee Nature Park, one of our region's natural gems. The park is permanently protected by a conservation easement through Upstate Forever's Land Trust.
Our Annual Meeting is a time where we get to thank our members for all of your support while keeping you informed on the progress we have made in the past year. This year, it's extra special, since September marks Upstate Forever's 20th Anniversary!
This is a fun, family-friendly event open to all Upstate Forever members. If your membership has lapsed or you've never officially given, you can click here to make an online donation.
Lake Conestee Nature Park is over 400 acres and has been designated as an Important Bird Area of Global Significance by the National Audubon Society. The park contains both hardwood and evergreen forest, extensive wetlands, three miles of the Reedy River, and a rich diversity of wildlife habitat.
Food, beverages, and hikes available after the meeting portion has concluded.
Please RSVP before October 3 by emailing Ginger Goldsmith at ggoldsmith@upstateforever.org or call 864.250.0500 ext 20.


Received December 17, 2018; Revised January 17, 2019; Accepted February 7, 2019.
Retrograde type A aortic dissection (RTAD) following thoracic endovascular aortic repair is a devastating complication associated with high mortality rates. In particular, a deployed endograft in a bird-beak formation in an acute curve of the aortic arch can induce injury to the fragile aortic wall, with the subsequent development of RTAD. Here, we describe an extremely rare case of RTAD caused by fracture of the bare spring of the thoracic endograft for type A aortic dissection.
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has been generally recognized as an alternative to open surgery for descending aortic pathologies; however, this new, alternative life-saving treatment for clinical emergencies can cause unexpected complications, including retrograde type A aortic dissection (RTAD), which is one of the most dangerous complications following TEVAR. Here, we describe an extremely rare case of RTAD caused by fracture of the bare spring of the thoracic endograft for type A aortic dissection.
A 68-year-old male patient was admitted with a complaint of sudden-onset weakness and pain in the right arm. He was found to have type B aortic dissection on a chest computed tomography (CT) scan 4 years ago and was regularly followed up as an outpatient. During the follow-up period, aneurysmal dilatation occurred (Fig. 1A, B). Two years previously, he underwent TEVAR for a complicated chronic type B aortic dissection. At that time, a 40×40×150-mm Valiant thoracic stent-graft (Medtronic Vascular, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) was placed in the descending aorta, 45 mm behind the left subclavian artery based on the greater aortic curvature (Fig. 1C, D).
After TEVAR, the patient was in good condition and was being regularly followed-up through outpatient clinic visits. At presentation to the emergency department, his initial left arm systolic blood pressure and heart rate were 142 mmHg and 69 beats per minute, respectively. His initial hemoglobin level was 10.4 g/dL, and electrocardiography revealed a normal sinus rhythm. Because of malperfusion, his right upper-extremity blood pressure could not be examined, and there was no right radial pulse. The upper-extremity CT scan revealed no definite stenosis of the right subclavian artery (Fig. 2A), and an additional CT scan revealed Stanford type A aortic dissection with true lumen collapse of the ascending aorta extending to the right subclavian artery and both common carotid arteries (Fig. 2B, C). After 4 hours of symptoms, the patient's arm pain dramatically subsided; however, his right upper-extremity blood pressure was almost 30 mmHg lower than that of the left side. Then, we found a distortion of the configuration of the previously implanted endograft in the aortic arch in the initial chest radiograph and postulated that the distorted bare spring induced RTAD (Fig. 2D). Additionally, we found that the previously deployed endograft was placed in the acute angle of the aortic arch and descending aorta (i.e., bird-beak formation) (Fig. 3). The patient was scheduled for elective operation 2 days later because he was hesitant to undergo open cardiac surgery.
Under general anesthesia, the dissected aorta was exposed through a median sternotomy. The ascending aorta was clamped, and myocardial protection was achieved by means of antegrade infusion of cardioplegia. A 30-mm 4-branch vascular prosthesis was anastomosed to the aortic root. At a temperature of 28°C, the cross-clamp was removed and the dissected aorta was opened to the aortic arch until the level of the left subclavian artery. We inspected the dissected ascending aorta and aortic arch and found fracture of the previously deployed bare-spring endograft and erosion of the aorta due to the protruding spring (Fig. 4). The aortic arch was dissected at the proximal level of the common trunk of the brachiocephalic artery and the left carotid artery, and the fractured and protruded bare spring was removed with wire scissors. The 4-branch vascular prosthesis was anastomosed just above the level of the left subclavian artery because the previously deployed endograft and the dissected left subclavian artery were too deep to manipulate. All visible fragile dissected aortic tissues were removed, and the branched vascular prosthesis was anastomosed to the healthy tissues of the common trunk of the brachiocephalic artery and the left common carotid artery. The remnant bare spring and the membranous part of the endograft in the descending aorta were left anchored to the descending aortic wall.
Finally, the patient underwent ascending aorta 2-partial arch replacement (common trunk of the brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery) and open surgical removal of the broken spring. His postoperative vital signs were stable, and no neurological adverse events occurred; however, he developed acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis. He was awake and extubated on postoperative day (POD) 1 and started on hemodialysis in the intensive care unit.
His condition gradually improved, and he was discharged on POD 37 (Fig. 5). Although he finished hemodialysis and was asymptomatic, he eventually developed chronic kidney disease. One year later, he is being followed-up at renal and cardiovascular clinics, and is asymptomatic and in good condition.
Since TEVAR was first introduced in the 1990s , it has been viewed as an effective therapeutic option for the management of Stanford type B dissection and other descending aortic diseases. However, common postoperative adverse events associated with TEVAR, such as endoleak, stent-graft migration, RTAD, and new-onset dissection, require reintervention for a better prognosis and are considered its weaknesses .
Above all, RTAD is a fatal complication of TEVAR, with an incidence rate ranging from 1.3% to 17.9% [3–8] and a mortality rate ranging from about 33.4% to 42.0% [3,7,9].
The occurrence of RTAD following TEVAR is associated with procedure-, device-, and aorta-related events [3,5,6,8,10–15]. A rough wire or the catheter manipulation might injure the fragile aortic wall, which is considered to be associated with intraoperative or early postoperative RTAD. Additionally, balloon touch-up is also considered to be associated with intraoperative RTAD [3,5,8,11].
Some reports have suggested that a proximal bare-spring configuration is associated with an increased risk of RTAD [3,5,6,11,15]. Williams et al.  reported that RTAD is more common with the use of endograft devices with a proximal bare-spring design (4.7%). Our case also confirms that the proximal bare-spring configuration may be a risk factor of RTAD.
Extensive radial force attributed to an endograft >20% oversized relative to the diameter of the aorta has also been proposed as a potential cause of RTAD following TEVAR [6,12,16]. RTAD following TEVAR is also associated with an aortic pathology and the progression of the disease. The incidence of RTAD is considerably higher in patients treated for dissection, especially acute dissection, than in those with an aneurysm . In addition, other factors associated with RTAD include a mean angle of >50° between the aorta proximal to the endograft and the top stent of the endograft .
The mechanism of RTAD following TEVAR is postulated to be related to the spring-back force of the endograft; that is, when the stent is placed across the arch, it spontaneously straightens if passively curved, demonstrating the characteristic feature of a spring. Moreover, the more the endograft is bent, the higher the stress might be [3,4,11].
The patient described herein underwent Ishimaru classification  zone 4 TEVAR for complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection 22 months previously. Considering the very acute angulation of the aortic arch, a 40-mm thoracic endograft was placed in the descending aorta 45 mm behind the left subclavian artery based on the greater aortic curvature. The patient's proximal landing zone aortic diameter was measured to be about 39 mm, and an oversized endograft was rarely applied. The thoracic endograft was covering the proximal entry by about 50 mm. There were no complications during the procedure, and the postprocedural CT scan showed that the dissected descending aorta was successfully excluded. Although the patient was undergoing regular outpatient follow-up without symptom, in this surgical repair, there were multiple erosions in the aorta due to the bare spring. We suspected that the aortic intima was slightly damaged by the proximal bare spring, which caused a minor tear during the 22-month follow-up. However, the RTAD was undoubtedly caused by the fracture of the bare spring, resulting from the combination of high stress and dynamic movement of the ascending aorta and misaligned deployment of the endograft in the aortic arch with acute angulation. Especially, the misaligned deployment in a bird-beak formation in the curving point of the proximal descending aorta might have led to an imbalanced stress distribution in the endograft, causing greater stress to be concentrated on the proximal bare spring and leading to its fracture.
In the present case, we planned to perform total arch replacement, removal of the bare spring, and distal anastomosis to the previous endograft. However, management of the implanted endograft was highly difficult because it was anchored onto the aortic wall, and there was no easy access to the implanted endograft and dissected left subclavian artery through the median sternotomy. However, as the patient was asymptomatic and showed no evidence of mal-perfusion, we considered this surgical repair as a partially effective treatment in this emergency situation.
The patient developed acute kidney injury because of the long operative time and preoperative exposure to large amounts of contrast medium. He did not fully recover, and his acute kidney injury progressed to chronic kidney disease. Because of his refusal, we did not perform a postoperative CT scan. However, he is undergoing regular outpatient follow-up and is planned to undergo an additional operation when symptoms occur. Besides this case, RTAD due to fracture of the bare spring of a thoracic endograft is very rarely reported in the English literature.
In conclusion, RTAD following TEVAR is one of the most devastating complications associated with high mortality rates. A thoracic endograft was placed in the acute curve of the aortic arch, resulting in a misaligned deployment, which induced fracture of the bare spring. On the basis of our experience with this case, prudent patient selection and careful thoracic endograft deployment are necessary.
Fig. 1. (A) CT scan taken 22 months previously showing chronic descending dissection in the descending aorta (white arrow). (B) Chest CT angiography scan showing type B aortic dissection from the left subclavian artery to the iliac arteries. White arrow shows the proximal entry site. (C) Chest CT angiography scan showing that the thoracic endograft is positioned about 50 mm from the proximal entry, about 45 mm behind the left subclavian artery based on the greater aortic curvature. The proximal entry site was successfully excluded. (D) Chest radiograph showing that the thoracic endograft is well positioned in the descending aorta. CT, computed tomography.
Fig. 3. (A) Sagittal view of the initial CT scan showing that the aortic arch and descending aorta are acutely angulated, leading to an obvious bird-beak formation (white arrow). (B) CT scan reconstruction, posterior view. The CT scan shows distortion of the configuration of the bare spring of the previously implanted endograft (white arrow). (C) CT scan reconstruction, superior oblique view. This view leads to a strong suspicion of fracture of the bare spring of the previously deployed endograft (white arrow). CT, computed tomography.
Fig. 5. (A) Postoperative chest radiograph. (B) White arrow indicates the cut bare spring. The remnant bare spring and the membranous part of the thoracic endograft in the descending aorta are left anchored onto the descending aortic wall.
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Canaud L, Ozdemir BA, Patterson BO, Holt PJ, Loftus IM, Thompson MM. Retrograde aortic dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Ann Surg 2014;260:389-395.
Dong ZH, Fu WG, Wang YQ, Guo DQ, Xu X, Ji Y, et al. Retrograde type A aortic dissection after endovascular stent graft placement for treatment of type B dissection. Circulation 2009;119:735-741.
Kpodonu J, Preventza O, Ramaiah VG, Shennib H, Wheatley GH 3rd, Rodriquez-Lopez J, et al. Retrograde type A dissection after endovascular stenting of the descending thoracic aorta. Is the risk real?. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;33:1014-1018.
Fattori R, Nienaber CA, Rousseau H, Beregi JP, Heijmen R, Grabenwöger M, et al. Results of endovascular repair of the thoracic aorta with the Talent Thoracic stent graft: the Talent Thoracic Retrospective Registry. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;132:332-339.
Fattori R, Lovato L, Buttazzi K, Di Bartolomeo R, Gavelli G. Extension of dissection in stent-graft treatment of type B aortic dissection: lessons learned from endovascular experience. J Endovasc Ther 2005;12:306-311.
Higashigawa T, Kato N, Chino S, Hashimoto T, Shimpo H, Tokui T, et al. Type A aortic dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2016;102:1536-1542.
Weng SH, Weng CF, Chen WY, Huang CY, Chen IM, Chen CK, et al. Reintervention for distal stent graft-induced new entry after endovascular repair with a stainless steel-based device in aortic dissection. J Vasc Surg 2013;57:64-71.
Ishimaru S. Endografting of the aortic arch. J Endovasc Ther 2004;11 Suppl 2:II62-II71.


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A look at how Jefferson Village, the first shopping center in San Antonio, has changed over the last 70 years
René A. Guzman, Staff writer
Jefferson Village as seen in a Thomas Jefferson High School 1959 Monticello yearbook. Jefferson Village opened in 1948.
Mary Morales first visited Jefferson Village in 1979 to apply for a stylist job at Vee's Hair and Spa. Four decades later, she owns the salon and is preserving what's left of the strip mall's storied past.
When Jefferson Village opened in 1948, the shopping center up the block from Jefferson High School was the first of its kind in San Antonio and possibly the nation, an L-shaped wonder with tall, Art Deco signage and fresh Austin cut stone and green glazed tile.
Today Vee's is all that remains of the center's original 10 stores. The towering Jefferson Village sign is just a memory. The anchor spaces that once housed Sommers Drugs and Piggly Wiggly grocery are now repurposed event centers. And the shops in between that once sold baked goods, dresses and hardware now feature makeshift dance and fitness studios, a Dollar General and FOR LEASE signs.
Which may explain why longtime Jefferson Villager Morales doesn't miss a beat when asked what keeps this old retail hub alive.
Jefferson Village as seen Sept. 24, 2021. One of the shopping center's tenants, Vee's Hair and Spa, can trace its history to the center's 1948 grand opening.
Jerry Lara /Staff photographerShow MoreShow Less
Thomas Jefferson High SchoolShow MoreShow Less
Jefferson Village as seen Sept. 24, 2021.
"Me," she said with a giggle, then added: "It's the neighborhood that makes it special. (And) I guess the history of the neighborhood. Because you've got generation after generation coming back."
On ExpressNews.com: A look at how San Antonio's Pioneer Flour Mills tower in Southtown has changed over the last 99 years
What really keeps Jefferson Village going after 70 years? The answer may well lie in its namesake, the historic neighborhood where residents young and old fuel the old shopping center with their memories as well as their spending money.
"(It's) knowing the history of what was going on in the neighborhood back then and what is going on now. It's keeping it alive, is what we're trying to do," said Ted Guerra, past president and current board member of the Jefferson Neighborhood Association.
Guerra moved to the Jefferson area about 20 years ago. He said the shopping center at Donaldson Avenue and Manor Drive is still standing thanks to shoppers and shop-owners alike who refuse to let Jefferson Village fade away or become another home to a Starbucks or other big-name retailer.
"Not that we're against revitalization," Guerra said. "It's (just) almost like, what do we want in our neighborhood? Because we drive up and down these streets coming home from work, driving our kids to school, whatever it is."
Jefferson Village has been a part of the neighborhood since Nov. 15, 1948, when Red River Dave McEnery and his Western show kicked off a nighttime grand opening with literal dancing in the streets.
On ExpressNews.com: Precious metal: San Antonio band Wyzard's 1984 EP sells for $1,000s - if you can find it
Built by Woodlawn Park developer L.E. Fite, the $3 million shopping center debuted with 10 stores: Hom-Ond supermarket, Village Sporting Goods, Winn's variety store, Naomi's Gifts, Bowman's Beauty Salon (later Vee's), Village Bakers, Wilson's Jewelry, Shepperd-Fraser Company department store, Blue Bonnet Shoe Shop and Sommers Drugs.
Like the nearby school that inspired its name, Jefferson Village made national news in its early years.
In 1949, the shopping center took first place in a national development contest sponsored by the National Association of Home Builders. Jefferson Village also was said to be the first commercial "strip" in the country, according to a 2002 Near Northwest Community Plan and 2009 Jefferson Neighborhood Conservation District document, both filed with the City of San Antonio.
Bob Cantu has called the Jefferson area home since the mid-1950s. Like most older residents who first frequented Jefferson Village back in the day, Cantu best remembers the soda fountain at Sommers Drugs. Though in his youth he mostly hung out at Sommers to read comic books while Jefferson students grabbed a cherry Coke or other soft drink.
"I have a lot of fond memories of coming up here as a kid," Cantu said during a walk-in to Vee's for a haircut. "It was diverse. There was a lot of neighborhood people that had their businesses here. So people felt comfortable coming here and doing business."
Real Estate HDTV's Kim Wolfe sells historic $1.2 million Olmos Park home
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Bowman's Beauty Salon was renamed Vee's after original manager Vee McMasters, who was billed as "Miss Vee, nationally known hairstylist" for the salon's 1948 opening.
McMasters took over Bowman's in the early 1960s and likely changed the salon's name to reflect who was in charge, said Morales. who became full owner of the salon in 2015.
Morales remembers how much Jefferson Village has changed, and not always for the better. At one point in the 1980s, Vee's was the only tenant aside from a Tupperware warehouse.
But Morales also has fond Jefferson Village memories. After all, she met her future husband at Vee's in 1991 when he showed up for a haircut in place of his mother's appointment.
As for Jefferson Village's future, Morales said she sees more young adults moving back into the neighborhood. And they're supporting their neighborhood businesses in the process.
It takes a village, indeed.
Express-News researcher Misty Harris contributed to this report.
rguzman@express-news.net | Twitter: @reneguz
René A. Guzman
Reach René A. on
René A. Guzman writes about geek and pop culture as well as consumer gadgets and technology. Before joining the Express-News in December 1998, the San Antonio native co-owned a college humor magazine named Bitter, for which he wrote, designed and edited, as well as distributed at various campuses and businesses citywide.


Recently, much attention has been paid by consumers toward natural bioactive compounds as functional ingredients in nutraceuticals. Marine algae are considered as valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. Marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) such as carrageenans in red algae, fucoidans in brown algae and ulvans in green algae. These SPs exhibit many health beneficial nutraceutical effects such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anticancer and anticoagulant activities. Therefore, marine algae derived SPs have great potential to be further developed as medicinal food products or nutraceuticals in the food industry. This contribution presents an overview of nutraceutical effects and potential health benefits of SPs derived from marine algae.


A comparative study of the effectiveness of a mixed vs. a positive only model in the management/supervisory training technique, behavior modeling.
Stacey, John W., "A comparative study of the effectiveness of a mixed vs. a positive only model in the management/supervisory training technique, behavior modeling." (1987). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 4320.


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Tag Archives: Ted Sargent
Squashed quantum dots solve a multi-faceted problem – Optoelectronics
Oblate-shaped quantum dots
Quantum dots have revolutionized the field of optoelectronics due to their atom-like electronic structure. However, the prospect of colloidal quantum-dot lasers has long been deemed impractical due to the high energies required to induce optical gain. But recent work published in Nature and led by Ted Sargent of the University of Toronto shows that the lasing threshold in cadmium selenide (CdSe)/cadmium sulphide (CdS) core-shell colloidal quantum dots can be lowered by squashing the CdSe core via a clever ligand exchange process.
To instigate optical gain in a semiconductor laser, the difference between the lowest electron level and the highest hole level must be wider than the band gap so that the light emitted when they recombine can stimulate emission in neighbouring nanocrystals. Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) then, should make ideal candidates for lasing applications, as their atom-like electronic structure means that the electron and hole energy levels are easier to separate.
In practice, however, the energies required to trigger optical gain in CQDs are so high that they can heat up to the point of burning. While electrons tend to occupy one energy state upon excitation, the hole that they leave behind in the valence band can populate one of eight closely spaced states. This degeneracy pushes the hole Fermi level into the band gap and increases the amount of energy required to instigate optical gain.
To overcome this issue, the researchers took advantage of the fact that CdS imposes a strain on CdSe due to a slight lattice mismatch of 3.9%. By growing an asymmetric CdS shell around a "squashed" oblate CdSe core, they were able to induce a biaxial strain that affected the heavy and light holes of the valence band to different extents, thus lifting the degeneracy.
To produce these asymmetric CQDs the group invented a technique called facet-selective epitaxy, making use of ligands that interact differently with the surfaces of CdSe. One of these ligands, trioctylphosphine sulphide, or TOPS, binds weakly to the (0001) facet of CdSe and not at all to the (0001), while octanethiol interacts similarly with all CdSe surfaces. Therefore, by growing CdS on the (0001) facet with TOPS and then replacing with octanethiol to stimulate epitaxial growth, oblate-shaped CQDs could be made throughout the entire particle ensemble with remarkable uniformity.
The resulting lasers had an unprecedentedly high performance, exhibiting a low lasing threshold of 6.4–8.4 kW cm–2, a seven-fold reduction compared with previous attempts. They also emitted light over a narrow energy range of just 36 meV. Both of these properties can be attributed to the enhanced splitting of the valence band levels that arises due to the oblate CQD shape.
The international team of researchers has certainly proved that continuous-wave CQD lasers are possible, yet there are still some obstacles to be overcome before they are seen on the market. Most importantly, the next step will be exciting the CQDs via electrical rather than optical means, as in standard commercial lasers. Nevertheless, facet-selective epitaxy opens up a whole host of other CQD materials for lasing applications and beyond.
Leave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Genesis Nanotechnology, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Quantum Dots, Ted Sargent, University of Toronto
U of Toronto: A Printable Solar Cell Closer to Commercial Reality
A University of Toronto Engineering innovation could make printing solar cells as easy and inexpensive as printing a newspaper.
Dr. Hairen Tan and his team have cleared a critical manufacturing hurdle in the development of a relatively new class of solar devices called perovskite solar cells. This alternative solar technology could lead to low-cost, printable solar panels capable of turning nearly any surface into a power generator.
"Economies of scale have greatly reduced the cost of silicon manufacturing," said Professor Ted Sargent, an expert in emerging solar technologies and the Canada Research Chair in Nanotechnology. "Perovskite solar cells can enable us to use techniques already established in the printing industry to produce solar cells at very low cost. Potentially, perovskites and silicon cells can be married to improve efficiency further, but only with advances in low-temperature processes."
The new perovskite solar cells have achieved an efficiency of 20.1 per cent and can be manufactured at low temperatures, which reduces the cost and expands the number of possible applications. (Image: Kevin Soobrian)
Today, virtually all commercial solar cells are made from thin slices of crystalline silicon which must be processed to a very high purity. It's an energy-intensive process, requiring temperatures higher than 1,000 degrees Celsius and large amounts of hazardous solvents.
In contrast, perovskite solar cells depend on a layer of tiny crystals — each about 1,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair — made of low-cost, light-sensitive materials. Because the perovskite raw materials can be mixed into a liquid to form a kind of 'solar ink', they could be printed onto glass, plastic or other materials using a simple inkjet printing process.
But, until now, there's been a catch: in order to generate electricity, electrons excited by solar energy must be extracted from the crystals so they can flow through a circuit. That extraction happens in a special layer called the electron selective layer, or ESL. The difficulty of manufacturing a good ESL has been one of the key challenges holding back the development of perovskite solar cell devices.
"The most effective materials for making ESLs start as a powder and have to be baked at high temperatures, above 500 degrees Celsius," said Tan. "You can't put that on top of a sheet of flexible plastic or on a fully fabricated silicon cell — it will just melt."
Tan and his colleagues developed a new chemical reaction than enables them to grow an ESL made of nanoparticles in solution, directly on top of the electrode. While heat is still required, the process always stays below 150 degrees C, much lower than the melting point of many plastics.
The new nanoparticles are coated with a layer of chlorine atoms, which helps them bind to the perovskite layer on top — this strong binding allows for efficient extraction of electrons. In a paper recently published in Science ("Efficient and stable solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation"), Tan and his colleagues report the efficiency of solar cells made using the new method at 20.1 per cent.
"This is the best ever reported for low-temperature processing techniques," said Tan. He adds that perovskite solar cells using the older, high-temperature method are only marginally better at 22.1 per cent, and even the best silicon solar cells can only reach 26.3 per cent.
Another advantage is stability. Many perovskite solar cells experience a severe drop in performance after only a few hours, but Tan's cells retained more than 90 per cent of their efficiency even after 500 hours of use. "I think our new technique paves the way toward solving this problem," said Tan, who undertook this work as part of a Rubicon Fellowship.
"The Toronto team's computational studies beautifully explain the role of the newly developed electron-selective layer. The work illustrates the rapidly-advancing contribution that computational materials science is making towards rational, next-generation energy devices," said Professor Alan Aspuru-Guzik, an expert on computational materials science in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard University, who was not involved in the work.
"To augment the best silicon solar cells, next-generation thin-film technologies need to be process-compatible with a finished cell. This entails modest processing temperatures such as those in the Toronto group's advance reported in Science," said Professor Luping Yu of the University of Chicago's Department of Chemistry. Yu is an expert on solution-processed solar cells and was not involved in the work.
Keeping cool during the manufacturing process opens up a world of possibilities for applications of perovskite solar cells, from smartphone covers that provide charging capabilities to solar-active tinted windows that offset building energy use. In the nearer term, Tan's technology could be used in tandem with conventional solar cells.
"With our low-temperature process, we could coat our perovskite cells directly on top of silicon without damaging the underlying material," said Tan. "If a hybrid perovskite-silicon cell can push the efficiency up to 30 per cent or higher, it makes solar power a much better economic proposition."
Source: University of Toronto
Leave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Genesis Nanotechnology, Perovskites, Solar Cells, Solar energy, Ted Sargent, University of Toronto
Perovskite phosphor boosts visible light communication: Flashy nanocrystals help LEDs send data in the blink of an eye
A green-emitting perovskite nanocrystal phosphor mixed with a red-emitting nitride phosphor looks yellow under ambient light (left). When excited by blue laser light, the phosphor combination produces white light (right).
Credit: Osman Bakr
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are increasingly used to illuminate homes and offices; soon, the same lights could also transmit data to your computer or smartphone in photon pulses so fast the eye can't see them. But this form of visible light communication faces two key challenges: The light must flicker fast enough to carry sizeable amounts of data; and at the same time it should provide the warm, balanced color tones needed for pleasant ambient lighting.
Nanocrystals of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) could help to solve both problems, according to a team led by Boon S. Ooi and Osman M. Bakr at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST). They have found that LEDs coated with the material can reach high data transmission rates of 2 gigabits per second, comparable to the fastest Wi-Fi, while producing a quality of light that matches commercial white-light LEDs (ACS Photonics 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00187).
Visible light communication, sometimes called Li-Fi, is already finding real-world applications. Last year, for example, Dutch company Phillips installed a smart LED system in a French supermarket that uses Li-Fi to transmit discount offers to shoppers' cellphones, based on their location in the store. If data rates could be increased significantly, Li-Fi might add much-needed capacity to congested Wi-Fi networks that rely on radio waves.
And since the smart LEDs are doing double duty, by providing both lighting and communication, they offer an economical solution, says Bakr. Ooi adds that these systems do not even need a direct line of sight between LED and computer: "As long as your device can see light, you can detect a signal," he says.
White-light LEDs typically contain a blue LED coated with phosphors that turn some of the light into green and red. But most phosphors take too long to recover between excitation and emission, pulsing no more than a few million times per second. Last year, other researchers showed that polymer semiconductors could reach more than 200 MHz (ACS Photonics2015, DOI: 10.1021/ph500451y).
The KAUST team instead turned to CsPbBr3, part of a family of materials known as perovskites that have become the darling of the photovoltaic research community. Perovskite solar cells have seen remarkable efficiency gains over the past seven years, and the materials are cheap and relatively easy to prepare in solution.
The team created nanocrystals of the perovskite, roughly 8 nm across, and found that their green emission faded in just seven nanoseconds. This allowed them to pulse reliably at almost 500 MHz, setting what the researchers believe is a new record for LED phosphors. "It is an extremely impressive and important achievement," says Ted Sargent of the University of Toronto, who works on optoelectronic materials and has collaborated with the KAUST group in the past.
The rapid response is partly due to the size of the crystals, Bakr explains. When blue light excites an electron in the material, it forms an electron-hole pair called an exciton. The confines of the tiny crystal change the exciton's energy levels, making the electron more likely to recombine with its hole and emit a photon.
When the researchers teamed the perovskite phosphor with a commercial red-emitting phosphor and a blue gallium nitride LED, the device produced a warm white light with a color rendering index of 89, as good as white LEDs already on the market (natural sunlight itself is rated at 100). "This quality makes this material ideal for low-power indoor illumination," Sargent says.
Jakoah Brgoch of the University of Houston, who develops novel phosphors for LED lighting, says that it is relatively easy to fine-tune the chemistry of perovskites by substituting different halides or metal ions. "That means there's a lot of potential to improve these properties," he says.
Chemical & Engineering News ISSN 0009-2347 Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Genesis Nanotechnology, KAUST, LED, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Perovskite, Ted Sargent, U of Toronto
University of Toronto: Two Great Photovoltaic Materials Brought Together Make Better LEDs
Ted Sargent at the University of Toronto has built a reputation over the years as being a prominent advocate for the use of quantum dots in photovoltaics. Sargent has even penned a piece for IEEE Spectrum covering the topic, and this blog has covered his record breaking efforts at boosting the conversion efficiency of quantum dot-based photovoltaics a few times.
Earlier this year, however, Sargent started to take an interest in the hot material that has the photovoltaics community buzzing: perovskite. Now, he and his research team at the University of Toronto have combined perovskite and quantum dots into a hybrid that they believe could transform LED technology.
Read the Full Article Here: Two Great Photovoltaic Materials Brought Together Make Better LEDs.
Leave a comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged Applied Nanotechnology, Nano-Solar, Nanomaterials, Perovskite, Ted Sargent, U of Toronto
QD Solar Brings Quantum Dot – Cell Technology into the Light
Funding from KAUST is helping to bring innovative solar power technology to fruition with startup company QD Solar.
Enabling researchers to take their ideas from the earliest research stages right through to the development and commercialization of a final product is a foundation goal at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). One route is for KAUST to provide active support to startup companies that have strong connections with the university's research activities.
Nicola Bettio, manager of the funding scheme, says seed funding and early-stage capital are made available to startup companies through the KAUST Innovation Fund. "We invest in companies launched by our faculty, researchers and students, alongside international startups that are willing to move their operations to KAUST and Saudi Arabia," Bettio explains. "By encouraging the transition of science into innovation and new ventures we can help to establish a fertile ecosystem for early-stage technology-based companies in Saudi Arabia."
Efficient and cost-effective solar power generation will bring significant economic benefits and drastically reduce the carbon footprint of Saudi Arabia and the rest of the world. For the past several years, KAUST has been supporting research into new technologies using 'colloidal quantum dots' – a potential alternative to the established design of solar cells.
With an ideal design for solar panels the paint made from quantum dots is highly flexible.
© 2015 KAUST
Colloidal quantum dots are tiny semiconductor particles with the capacity to harvest energy from both the visible spectrum and the previously-untapped near-infrared portion of the sun's light. Edward Sargent, a senior researcher at the University of Toronto, has been working on the development and application of colloidal quantum dots for the past ten years, and helped found QD Solar, a Canadian startup company aiming to commercialize the new technology.
"When KAUST was founded back in 2009, there was a very strong emphasis on advancing solar technology that led to the creation of KAUST's Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC)," explains Sargent. "The university employed top professors in the field who have been a key asset during the development of the new quantum dot technique I have been working on. I was fortunate enough to be awarded a KAUST Investigators grant around that time, enabling me to pursue my research in collaboration with these top scientists."
In 2009, Sargent's team at the University of Toronto received a grant from KAUST to advance their research into colloidal quantum dots specifically for solar power applications. Since then, the team's advances have evolved in leaps and bounds. "Our latest design incorporates the dots into a solution, or 'paint', which can be applied to flexible surfaces very easily and cheaply," Sargent explains. "We have also vastly improved the power conversion efficiency of the dots over the past six years, thanks in part to the funding from KAUST."
Sargent and his team, in collaboration with KAUST researchers, are now investigating ways of combining the dots with existing silicon-based solar cells to create new hybrid structure solar panels. This will allow them to harness a far greater fraction of the sun's energy than ever before, improving the panels' efficiency and capacity to generate more power.
Marc Vermeersch, the SPERC managing director, points out that current solar cell technologies are reaching their physical limits. He explains that a key advantage of creating QD Solar's hybrid system is that existing solar panel producers will be able to modify their manufacturing practices relatively easily to incorporate the new design, rather than starting from scratch. Manufacturers will be able to achieve significant economic and efficiency improvements using QD Solar's quantum dot-based solar products, Bettio adds.
KAUST anticipates welcoming a QD Solar presence to Saudi Arabia in the near future, as Bettio explains: "QD Solar is working with the KAUST Innovation Fund to raise capital to establish a significant development facility in our Research & Technology Park. Ultimately, this may lead to the establishment of a Saudi player in the photovoltaic industry and the creation of a hybrid solar panel manufacturing facility in the Kingdom."
1 Comment Posted in Nanotechnology Tagged KAUST, Nano Solar Cells, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, QD Solar, Quantum Dots, Ted Sargent, University of Toronto