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Emails To A Young Screenwriter
Posted on February 7, 2013 by darlenecraviotto
Astrid's first question that she emailed me was a good one.
How do you write a screenplay?
"I took only one screenwriting class during my BA and, to this day, I've only managed to complete very short scripts," she wrote. "Every time I sit down to write a screenplay I find that I want to write all sorts of stuff (thoughts and philosophical pondering) that will never be transformed into action."
She's right – It won't.
"How do you deal with the economic language supposed to reign in scripts?" Astrid wanted to know.
If you write books, short stories, or anything other than screenplays, you're going to have to change your writing style. Here's what you need to remember – Always think of writing for film as utilizing only two elements:
1) Action (Show it, don't tell us about it).
2) Dialogue (Skip the long speeches unless it's an Oscar quality premise).
As you develop a story always ask yourself: What are my characters doing and what are they saying? Nothing else should end up on the page. Why your characters are doing what they're doing is called "motivation" and while those motivations should be clearly understood by your audience (tip: show, don't tell), avoid scenes talking about them. If you are a brutal editor – meaning that you're not afraid of red penciling and cutting your work – then overwrite, if you want to. Just make sure that when you turn in that script it's not over 110 – 112 pages. And understand this: Usually what a character thinks, especially what the screenwriter thinks, and any "philosophical pondering" doesn't play in film. Those kind of scenes "lose" an audience.
Always Remember Your Audience
I read Franny & Zooey by J.D. Salinger in junior high school, and I was very affected by one of its passages – the story of the Fat Lady. Zooey is a young girl who is on one of those "quiz kid" radio programs every week, and she's becoming very jaded, cynical, and resentful about having to perform every week. Her brother (Seymour) gives her some advice: to shine her shoes every time she's going into the studio to be on the air:
"Seymour'd told me to shine my shoes just as I was going out the door with Waker. I was furious. The studio audience were all morons, the announcer was a moron, the sponsors were morons, and I just damn well wasn't going to shine my shoes for them, I told Seymour. I said they couldn't see them anyway, where we sat. He said to shine them anyway. He said to shine them for the Fat Lady. I didn't know what the hell he was talking about, but he had a very Seymour look on his face, and so I did it. He never did tell me who the Fat Lady was, but I shined my shoes for the Fat Lady every time I ever went on the air again — all the years you and I were on the program together, if you remember. I don't think I missed more than just a couple of times. This terribly clear, clear picture of the Fat Lady formed in my mind. I had her sitting on this porch all day, swatting flies, with her radio going full-blast from morning till night. I figured the heat was terrible, and she probably had cancer, and — I don't know. Anyway, it seemed goddamn clear why Seymour wanted me to shine my shoes when I went on the air. It made sense."
That passage really stayed with me and because of it I developed a strong instinct for what will keep an audience interested ("in their seats") and what will "lose them." Losing an audience is when they go to the refreshment stand for popcorn instead of being so hooked by what's on the screen they don't want to leave their seats. Any self-analysis by a character, any injected philosophical wonderings by the screenwriter simply won't play.
You can always overwrite a scene in a screenplay but then you have to go back and cut the fat out – anything that doesn't entertain or keep the tension in a scene has to be red pencilled. As a writer, it's important that you understand what your character is thinking (what's their background and their back story) but it's how you use that thinking – whether in a dialogue quip or a bit of action that makes for a powerful screenplay. Just keep the "Fat Lady" on that porch entertained.
Know Your Strength and Weaknesses
My strength has always been with dialogue so writing lines for my characters has never been a problem for me. (If you're not good at writing dialogue, I have suggestions about how you can improve those skills – More about that in the next post). I've always hated writing description and action. I confess I used to skip reading a lot of it if it went on too long in novels. Unfortunately, writing action demands an ability to write description. But you can't go on for long paragraphs; you have to be succinct in your description of the action. Action – or movement of a story without using words – used to be the most difficult part of writing screenplays for me. Luckily, my first writing jobs were in episodic television and unless you're writing a cop/detective show (with a lot of chase sequences) television is known to be a medium that's heavy on dialogue. The big challenge came for me when I moved out of episodic television into movies. I made that transition because I was brave enough (or stupid enough) to take on a rewrite assignment for a three-hour movie-made-for-television.
Normally, it takes months to write such a long movie (180 pages). However, there was already a script that the network was on the fence about "green lighting" (giving a go ahead for production) and the producer wanted another writer to do a "pass" to see if the rewrite could convince the network to go into pre-production.
They gave me ten days.
That was a lot of pressure to take on a complete rewrite of a 180 page teleplay in such a short amount of time, but luckily the structure of the script worked fine. All I really had to do was write a new opening sequence to hook the audience, add a couple of new scenes for character development, and do a "Page 1 Rewrite" of most of the dialogue in the script. The action sequences played well enough to leave alone so I was thankful for that because (as I said) I hated writing action.
Because of my three hour rewrite the movie was green lighted and went into production. I was thrilled until I was notified that I wouldn't be getting a screen credit. A screenwriter only shares a credit when he/she changes at least 50% of the structure of the screenplay. I had written several new scenes, and changed every line of dialogue, but I didn't alter 50% of the telling of the story. I was using the same characters that the original writer had created – even if they were saying my words, and not his. So that writing job provided me with a couple of valuable lessons about screenwriting: I was paid for my rewriting but because I didn't have a screen credit I never got to share in any residuals every time that film played on television. But the fact that I had stepped in and "saved" a production from being scrapped added to my credentials as a screenwriter, and I started to get other assignments. Working on that script also showed me that if I was going to write features (which was my goal) I had to somehow learn how to write action.
Keep Learning, Keep Growing
The big growth for me as a screenwriter came when I was hired to write a sequel to a television movie about a little deaf boy. I wanted to get a better understanding of sign language so I set out to find someone who could come over to my apartment and teach me sign. I was very agoraphobic at the time and I couldn't just seek out a class somewhere and go there every week. By luck, I was at a theatre awards function, and after I had stayed my obligatory half hour (before all the people and anxiety finally kicked in) I headed for the lobby. While there I saw a young man and woman signing to each other. I stopped and decided to ask them a little about sign language and when I introduced myself I learned that the woman was a deaf actress and the young man was her hearing interpreter. She would use her hands to sign to me and he would use his voice (and hands at the same time) to interpret. I was fascinated watching how they worked together and I expressed an interest in learning sign. I asked them if they had any suggestions on how I could do that.
The woman paused a moment and then signed (as the young man spoke): "Let me think about it and I will call you."
Several days later, the phone rang and when I answered it a male voice said, "Hi, this is Julianna Fjeld. We met at the NRT Awards. I've been thinking about what you asked me, and I decided that I would like to teach you sign."
All of this was said in one long sentence, and all I heard was this male voice saying, "I want to teach you sign." I thanked him gratefully and then asked (because I had forgotten the male interpreter's name), "What was your name again?"
He answered, "Julianna Fjeld."
Well, I was pretty sure that Julianna was a woman's name so I persisted again by asking the man, "No…What's YOUR name. You're the one wanting to teach me sign."
There was a pause at the other end of the phone, and then the young man said to me very slowly, "…Let me explain how this works. I'm Julianna Fjeld. I've called you on the phone to talk with you, and I am using my friend Dave's voice. But when you're talking to me, you are talking to ME, and not Dave."
Whoa. Talk about being schooled in deaf culture.
That was the first big lesson I learned from Julianna Fjeld, and it wasn't the last. She offered to be my sign language teacher…in my home.
Get Out Of Your Comfort Zone
I was so nervous about being alone with a deaf person (who I assumed I wouldn't understand and we would sit awkwardly for hours in my little apartment until I started having panic attacks inside my house as well as outside) I recruited my boyfriend, and two of my closest friends to join Julianna and me in our little sign language class. Well, I was worried about nothing because as soon as we met Julianna we were all communicating like the best of friends. She's one of the most amazing communicators I have met in my lifetime. She not only taught me how to use my hands to communicate but how to see the world with open eyes.
For the first time in my life I became aware of the "visual" in our world.
Words and dialogue remained important to me, but now the element of silence took on a life and a power that was equal to the words. I grew as a writer because of Julianna. First, through her sign language classes, and then through the power of a film that we made together.
One day I asked Julianna if she had ever read, In This Sign – a wonderful novel by Joanne Greenberg about a deaf couple with a hearing child. I had read the book several years earlier and it was one of the most powerful novels I'd ever experienced. When I signed the title of the book, Julianna's hands quickly (and excitedly) joined with mine to spell out the title with me.
Her eyes widened and her hands spoke quickly, "I have the rights to the book!"
She went on to tell me that she had loved In This Sign so much she tracked down the writer who was living in Colorado where Julianna was born and raised. She told Joanne Greenberg how much she loved the book – that it was so powerful she wanted everyone to be able to experience the story as a film. Well, Joanne was so impressed with Julianna that she offered her the option to her book…for $1.00. You would have to know Julianna to understand why an author would trust her so much to make such a deal. But Julianna is so amazing, and such a wonderful life force that it made perfect sense to me why she got the rights for only $1.00. As it turned out, Joanna Greenberg had made a very wise choice.
Julianna immediately went to work trying to get any of the studios interested in making a film from the book. She was able to set up something at Warner Brothers but they wanted to use hearing actors and Julianna was against that because the deaf culture would be offended. The deal with Warners was not going to happen.
"Do you still own the rights?" I asked her.
"Warners gave me back the rights before they ever hired a screenwriter to write a script," she explained.
That was good news because I knew a producer who I thought might be interested.
When I called Marian Rees (of Marian Rees Associates) and asked her, "Have you ever heard of a book called In This Sign?" I thought she'd jump out of the phone with her excitement. It was one of her favorite books.
"I've been trying to make that book into a film but Warners has it."
"Not anymore," I told her with a smile. "But I know who owns the rights."
That began the transformation of the novel, In This Sign, into the television film, Love Is Never Silent with Julianna as one of the executive producers and me as the writer. The screenplay profoundly changed me as a screenwriter – action sequences no longer bored me, and I found a new excitement in writing them. And because of the success of Love Is Never Silent (the film won an Emmy for Best Picture) I was able to transition into writing screenplays for films – a medium that relies heavily on action and the visual.
But now I could write action.
So you can learn how to write action just as you can hone your skills as a writer and learn the "economic language" that is supposed to "reign in screenwriting." What's important to remember is that even if you are hired as a screenwriter and you're making money as a professional, your talent should always be evolving, getting better, and adapting to whatever needs are there for the medium you're working in.
(Tomorrow's post: If It's Screenwriting, What's Acting Got To Do With It?)
(Got questions, comments, or thoughts? Don't be shy – I'll answer them below.)
It All Begins With A Screenwriter (artistikemwrites.wordpress.com)
Posted in Raise Your hand if You Can't Hear Me	| Tagged Filmmaking, Movies, oscars, Screenplay, Screenwriter, Screenwriting, Writers Resources	| 15 Replies
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You should give to the place in return of the safety and protection it offers.
You may not have the same language as the native people, but you should have a basic idea about their culture and language.
If all these things are met, there is no way you will not be granted permission to immigrate to your favorite place. Talking about the place, Canada has been right on top of the charts for favorite destinations to live. And why not. The place offers everything that one needs.
Canadian immigration requires you to clear IELTS Canada. Even if you live in Canada and want to move to another city or province, you need to clear your test. You can register for IELTS online and prepare at local English language center. For example, candidates in Calgary can join English language Calgary center for IELTS preparation.
You need to apply for immigration programs that will guide you through the entire process. You will also get valuable information about do's and don'ts of admission in Canada.
You may need to consult immigration lawyer who would show you the best way.
You also need to learn material about scams in this particular field. As you're completely unaware of the rules, you may fall a prey of these immigration frauds. The only way to protect yourself is by verifying their authenticity and finding references.
You will be needing a representative who understands the immigration law. You need to learn how you can hire them and monitor their activities. You may want to file a complaint against him/her if you don't get the desired results. You can also authorize a third party for free who can help you with immigration application.
Before moving to Canada, you need to ensure you have a nice job there. The preparation involves; finding a suitable job, learning native languages; English or French and have your credential assessed. You also need to learn about social, financial and cultural aspects of the people living in the country.
There are different kinds of immigration appeals. You can appeal for sponsorship. You can request for removal of order. Then there are residency obligation appeals as well.


Knowles, Taylor & Knowles. East Liverpool, Ohio.
Knowles, Taylor & Knowles (KT&K) was a pottery company in East Liverpool, Ohio from 1854 to 1931. The original owners were: Issac Knowles, John Taylor, (Issac's son-in-law) and Homer Knowles (Issac's son). The pottery produced all types of wares from yellow ware, ironstone, and semi-vitreous dinnerware, but it is best known for the light-weight, translucent Lotus Ware. Produced mainly in the 1890s, Lotus was meant to compete with the successfull Belleek porcelain made in Ireland. High cost and breakage forced K&TK to halt production of Lotus.
KT&K is not to be confused with Knowles China of Newell, WV. Even though Edwin M. Knowles of Knowles China was the son of Issac, the two companies operated independently of each other.
In 1929, KT&K merged with several other potteries to form the American China Corporation, but the company folded due to the Great Depression.
Top right: KT&K in East Liverpool, Ohio.
Bottom right: KT&K advertisement from 1921.
KT&K Covered Casseroles from the late 1920s/early 1930s.
Solid colored dinneware made by KT&T in the late 1920s.
Courtesy of Fran and Carl Stone Decaled KT&T plate, circa 1930.
Ads for KT&T's decaled "Gloria" shape.
1925-1926 ad featuring the Coronado shape.
KT&K's Coronado on display at the Museum of Ceramics in East Liverpool, Ohio.
Left: TRANSCEDENT GENIUS IMMORTALIZED - Victory 21287 - An artistic conception, birds and flowers with natural embellishment, tastefully arranged and brought into relief by tan background make this decoration of unusal excellence.
Right: White and Coin Gold - Used by our grandmothers -- will be used by our granddaughters. Old yet always new, and a recognized feature in social events. Our Victory shape strikingly lends itself to an ideal conception of this artistic decoration. Will make a notable addition to your line.


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AT&T Dismisses Internet Access Concerns
Ed Whitacre, the chief executive of AT&T Inc., dismissed criticism that its planned merger with BellSouth Corp. will form a near-monopoly for Internet access and give it the clout to dictate terms to Web sites if they want to remain reachable.
At issue is the current principle of "network neutrality," under which all traffic is treated equally on the Internet. The major Internet carriers, with AT&T in the fore, want to be able to provide different tiers of service, giving higher priority to, for instance, Internet phone calls, which could improve their quality.
At the TelecomNEXT telecommunications conference in Las Vegas on Tuesday, Whitacre rejected the notion that this would harm the sites and companies that don't pay for premium service.
"There's been a lot of talk about this in order to scare people into thinking that access to the Internet is somehow at risk, or that the Internet as we know it is a thing of the past," Whitacre told attendees. "AT&T will not block anyone's access to the public Internet, nor will we degrade anyone's quality of service."
Content providers and Internet phone companies have equated tiered service with extortion, as Web sites that don't pay extra could become relatively harder to access. Instead, they urge the carriers to improve traffic quality for everyone equally.
Whitacre said some have turned AT&T's acquisition of BellSouth, valued at $67 million when announced two weeks ago, into a "referendum" on net neutrality.
SBC Communications Inc. pledged last year to uphold the principles of net neutrality until 2007 as a condition of its acquisition of AT&T Corp. The merged company took the name AT&T Inc.
Analysts have noted that AT&T will likely have to extend that pledge for two more years to gain approval for the acquisition of BellSouth, which is expected to close next year. That would delay resolution of the issue until 2009.
The chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, Kevin Martin, addressed the conference in terms that were generally favorable to the carriers.
"We need to have a regulatory environment that allows companies to invest in their networks," Martin said.
Analyst Shiv Bakhshi of IDC said the issue facing the FCC is creating a balance that gives carriers incentives to improve Internet capacity, without creating "an environment that is so pro-network operator that it stifles innovation."
Separately, AT&T executives said it would seek the same easing of regulation on data services to large enterprise and wholesale customers that Verizon Communications Inc. gained from the FCC on Monday, exempting it from rules regarding tariff filings and pricing requirements.
"We will be filing something seeking similar regulatory treatment," AT&T spokeswoman Claudia Jones said.
The applications normally have a 15-month waiting period. Speaking to reporters, FCC's Martin said Tuesday that the commission "will act as quickly as it can" on applications from other carriers.
Given that the commission's Democratic members disagreed with the decision, saying it did not further competition, it is unclear how quickly other carriers could gain Verizon's terms from the FCC. The commission now has two Democratic and two Republican members; the Senate is expected to soon confirm a Republican as the fifth commissioner.
The Verizon decision occurred by default, as the commission declined to rule on the company's application, filed in 2004.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » Blog » The World in a Grain: The Story of Sand and How It Transformed Civiliz
The World in a Grain: The Story of Sand and How It Transformed Civilization by Vince Beiser
Featured on The Thread: A day at the beach won't be the same after 'The World in a Grain'
After water and air, sand is the natural resource that we consume more than any other--even more than oil. Every concrete building and paved road on Earth, every computer screen and silicon chip, is made from sand. From Egypt's pyramids to the Hubble telescope, from the world's tallest skyscraper to the sidewalk below it, from Chartres' stained-glass windows to your iPhone, sand shelters us, empowers us, engages us, and inspires us. It's the ingredient that makes possible our cities, our science, our lives--and our future.
And, incredibly, we're running out of it.
The World in a Grain is the compelling true story of the hugely important and diminishing natural resource that grows more essential every day, and of the people who mine it, sell it, build with it--and sometimes, even kill for it. It's also a provocative examination of the serious human and environmental costs incurred by our dependence on sand, which has received little public attention. Not all sand is created equal: Some of the easiest sand to get to is the least useful. Award-winning journalist Vince Beiser delves deep into this world, taking readers on a journey across the globe, from the United States to remote corners of India, China, and Dubai to explain why sand is so crucial to modern life. Along the way, readers encounter world-changing innovators, island-building entrepreneurs, desert fighters, and murderous sand pirates. The result is an entertaining and eye-opening work, one that is both unexpected and involving, rippling with fascinating detail and filled with surprising characters.


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Twice a Victim: How Have Attacks Affected Muslims in Europe?
As attacks continue to be linked to Islam, European Muslims share their stories of loss, discrimination and identity.
06 Aug 2018 13:27 GMT Islamophobia, Paris Attacks, Europe, Religion, Brussels Attacks
On March 11, 2004, during the morning rush hour, several bombs ripped through four commuter trains in the Spanish capital, Madrid. The simultaneous, coordinated blasts killed more than 190 people and injured almost 2,000.
The Madrid bombings were the first in a string of violent attacks on European soil in recent years - from London, Paris, Brussels and Nice to Manchester, Barcelona and Berlin.
These attacks were claimed to be carried out in the name of Islam, which has created an association between the Islamic faith and armed violence. As a result, many Muslims in Europe are facing heightened Islamophobia, hatred and ostracism.
If you think that taking innocent lives and creating traumas is a form of justice, even of God's justice, then you and I don't belong to the same religion.
Mohamed El Bachiri, author, "A Jihad for Love"
"Before March 11, some were discriminated against for being named Mohamed, for having a different religion, or for eating different foods," says Mohamed Azahaf who was working in social services at Madrid town hall and assisted victims of the attacks. "But after March 11, the discrimination followed a different line: 'Are you going to plant a bomb?' or 'What kind of belt is that, does it have explosives?' The discrimination was linked to terrorism."
But in every attack, there were also Muslim victims.
French-Moroccan activist and writer Hanane Charrihi is the daughter of the first victim killed in the 2016 Nice truck attack, which claimed the lives of 86 people.
Her mother was wearing a hijab, so "they really showed they weren't Muslim because the first person they killed was Muslim. For me, that just confirms their ignorance ... [there's a] difference between the van driver and my mother ... One is a true Muslim and the other talks about Islam, but that's not it," says Charrihi.
"I don't want to have to choose between my nationality and my religion. Both are part of my identity."
So, what is behind the term "Islamic terrorism"? Do the attackers distinguish between Muslims and non-Muslims? How have the attacks affected the lives of European Muslims? And what does it mean to be Muslim in Europe today?
Filmmaker Paula Palacios goes on a journey across Europe to uncover the stories of Muslims who lost loved ones in armed attacks and to find out how these attacks continue to affect the lives of Muslim communities.
European Muslims on identity, bereavement and loss
Muslims who lost relatives in attacks, stress the difference between their faith and the fighters.
Islamophobia, Europe, Human Rights, Paris Attacks, Brussels Attacks
Truck Attack in Nice
French Muslim families who lost loved ones in the Nice truck attack struggle with bereavement and Islamophobia.
Islamophobia, France, Islam, Europe
Paris, A Divided City: What does it mean to be French?


Since its inception, Marfeel has always been committed to being blazingly fast.
In a mobile-first world where speed is vital, Marfeel is dedicated to serving the first meaningful paint (the primary content that allows the user to start reading) in 0.7 seconds and now, we're putting our money where our mouth is.
Marfeel premium publishers now score in the top 1% of the world's fastest sites on the net because of some game-changing enhancements Marfeel has made to their infrastructure and is making extensible to partners.
Instantaneous speed is critical for publishers because of its impact on SEO. Facebook will soon be using load speed as a signal for their ranking algorithms. Google is already using pagespeed as an SEO ranking signal.
Just being fast for users on 4G and in well-connected areas isn't enough. A publisher's audience is across the globe which means you have to be fast everywhere, especially considering 70% of cellular connections will occur at 3G speeds or slower until 2020, according to Google.
Lastly, the compelling nature and magnetism of blazing mobile speed can't be argued. Who doesn't like the lightning-quick page speed of Google AMP and Facebook Instant Articles? Well now, Marfeel premium publishers can be even faster.
Historically, Marfeel served a lot of the mobile site resources from its infrastructure to optimize speed and performance. However, a publisher's Marfeel mobile version was still dependent on assets - like images and media that make up 80% of the total bytes downloaded - that were hosted and delivered by the publisher's infrastructure.
This meant that Marfeel couldn't use their sophisticated techniques to optimize these media assets and further improve speed and performance.
With the new Marfeel CDN package for premium publishers, Marfeel's activation and serving logic has been moved to the server-side. This is the key that allows Marfeel to be so blazingly fast and elegantly smooth. This enables Marfeel with integral abilities like device detection on the server-side and asset optimization.
Marfeel now detects devices at the server level. This means that the right version to display to the user is executed on the first roundtrip and pushed "down the wire," saving several seconds of loading time and getting Marfeel closer to their goal of 0.7s.
As Marfeel no longer has any dependencies on publisher servers, the first request is able to return fully optimized assets. The latest technology is used like WebP; a new image format that is 26% smaller than PNGs and 34% smaller than JPEGs, while providing lossless compression for images on the web.
Marfeel also delivers responsive media. This refers to rescaling media depending on the device the reader is using which includes both different-sized images and media that's optimized differently.
With all these infrastructure changes, Marfeel also optimizes assets with Brotli. Brotli is the newest and most cutting-edge version of ZIP. It's a compression algorithm invented by Google and used by Marfeel that can save up to 26% of space when compared to Zopfli.
Traditionally, publisher servers were also responsible for the time to first byte - meaning how fast a connection can be established to respond to a request, which includes DNS resolution times and an SSL handshake.
To display the Marfeel mobile version, Marfeel had to make two DNS resolutions. One was made by the publisher server when the first request was made and a mobile user was detected.
With the Marfeel CDN package and server-side device detection, Marfeel removes an entire DNS resolution and makes the only one that's needed in 50ms.
To deliver optimal speed and performance, a publisher's servers need to be as close as possible to their readers.
For example, if you're an American-based publication with European readers, a user accessing your content from London would need a trans-oceanic connection that takes two seconds in some cases, but can also take three or four to make a round trip to the origin server.
To bring a publisher's content as close to their audience as possible, the Marfeel CDN package equips publishers with POPs (points of presence) all over the world. For a comprehensive overview of Fastly's network map and strategic points of presence locations, see the Fastly POP locations article.
With Marfeel's infrastructure changes, publishers' mobile sites now score optimally in testmysite.withgoogle.com even when testing on 3G connections.
When compared to the world's leading publishers, Marfeel significantly outscores them. There is also a reverse correlation that can be observed with large publishers: Any publication that scores very highly in the PWA (Progressive WebApp) category, scores low in Performance and vice versa. Marfeel however, scores optimally in both.
With the innovative changes Marfeel has introduced to their infrastructure, Marfeel premium partners get the fastest and smoothest sites available.
They also get the Marfeel CDN package which makes game-changing abilities possible. Marfeel's partnership with Fastly - the same CDN used by the likes of the New York Times, the Guardian, Buzzfeed, Pinterest, Wenner Media, Wired, Twitter, Airbnb, and GitHub - means that premium publishers get the true sophistication and full potential of the Marfeel solution. Marfeel also covers the cost of the CDN package for their premium partners for both their mobile and desktop traffic, as part of the Marfeel CDN package. We said we were putting our money where our mouth is, and we meant it.


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Home » Tournament in Focus » - English Premier League » Palace target young Manchester City striker
Palace target young Manchester City striker
Posted by: Andy Dalziel July 7, 2021
New Crystal Palace boss Patrick Vieira has wasted no time in getting down to business, and is already active in the transfer market.
The Frenchman has inherited a squad at Selhurst Park with only 17 fit, contracted senior players for the next season, many of them the wrong side of 30.
Now, he wants to bring down the average age of his squad, and has started by opening talks for Manchester City striker Morgan Rogers.
The 18-year old was bought by the Premier League champions from West Bromwich Albion two years ago, and impressed whilst on loan with Lincoln City in League One during the second half of last season.
However, with the prospects of him breaking into the first-team at the Etihad distant, City may now be prepared to sell him. and are looking for a fee of around £7 million, plus the right to insert a "sell-on" clause in any deal.
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Manchester United's trip to FC Basel in the Champions League gave them the chance to…
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According to The Daily Mail, Manchester City want to add £20 million Brazil defender Eder…
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CPFC Crystal Palace manchester city MCFC Premier League 2021-07-07


text:
It appears that Taryn Terrell is no longer being used by TNA. Terrell raised the speculation initially when she gave interviews back in November saying that she's found religion and was conflicted over her faith and her role in wrestling. TNA hasn't had any shows since then, and since there's been no announcement of her release her status has remained uncertain.
That might no longer be the case though, as in the graphic posted to Twitter announcing the Dollhouse vs The Beautiful People match for this Tuesday's live iMPACT! Wrestling debut on Pop TV, Terrell was replaced in The Dollhouse by Rebel. At last word Terrell was still under contract, so they may simply not be using her.
Source: The Wrestling Observer Newsletter
The talk within TNA is that the "Miracle" teaser videos are for Mike Bennett. Bennett is coming into TNA with Maria Kanellis after having finished up with ROH over Final Battle weekend.
Previous reports claim that Bennett is set to get a big push on his arrival in the company. It is expected that the person behind the Miracle gimmick will be revealed on Tuesday's live Impact Wrestling premiere on Pop TV.
Another New Match For TNA iMPACT!'s Debut On POP TV
UPDATE: TNA President has announced another new match for iMPACT! Wrestling's debut on POP TV. The Dollhouse will now face The Beautiful People. The show will also feature the semifinals and finals of the TNA World Title Series. Also, Bobby Roode will defend his King of the Mountain title.
The show debuts on January 5 on Pop TV. You can check out Carter's announcement tweet below.
Here is what is scheduled for TNA's POP TV debut on Tuesday January 5th…
The Miracle Debuts
World Title Series Semifinal Match:
Lashley vs. Ethan Carter III
Matt Hardy vs. Eric Young
King of the Mountain Title Match:
Champion Bobby Roode Defends vs. TBD
World Title Series Finals For The Vacant TNA World Title
At Friday's Global Force Wrestling tapings, the company crowned their first ever champions in Las Vegas, Nevada at The Orleans Arena.
Magnus won the GFW Global Championship, Christina Von Eerie won the GFW Women's Championship, The Bollywood Boyz won the GFW Tag Team Championship, and PJ Black (Justin Gabriel) won the GFW NEX*GEN Championship.
AJ Styles will not be competing at this weekend's Ring of Honor tapings due to an injury.
The company announced at Friday's Glory by Honor XIV tapings that he suffered an undisclosed injury, however they did mention that he will be competing for the ROH Title at Final Battle against Jay Lethal.
Ring of Honor's Maria Kanellis mentioned on Twitter that her contract with Ring of Honor is expiring in December.
MariaKanellisBennett
@MariaLKanellis
Contract with @ringofhonor is up at the end of December. Maybe it's about that time...
Jeff Jarrett took to GFW's YouTube Channel and 104.5 The Zone Radio to speak about his return to IMPACT, Slammiversary and his King of the Mountain Championship Win. He speaks about Eric Young and refers to him as a "TNA guy through and through", he puts Eric Young's post Slammiversary twitter rant telling haters to "Go F***K themselves" due to his loss at Slammiversary. He speaks about EY's disdain at Jarrett winning stating that he feels diminished as he does not have the legacy and accolades of a Matt Hardy, Bobby Roode and Jeff Jarrett.
You can check out both of these instances below;
Eric Young has responded to Jeff Jarrett's comments stating that he is the ultimate King of the Mountain, that he should have won, stating how he has won every championship in TNA Wrestling, and states his intentions of bringing the KOTM Championship back.
This is quite obviously the beginning of an interesting TNA vs GFW feud over the King of the Mountain Championship.
Read more: http://www.tnainsider.com/2015/07/it-begins-jeff-jarrett-takes-a-shot-at-eric-young-ey-responds/#ixzz3fJrOIZRp
Dolph Ziggler appeared on today's installment of The Chad Dukes Versus The World radio show and revealed that he has not re-signed with WWE. Here's a quote from Ziggler from his appearance:
"I'm thinking about it right now. I had a request for an upcoming contract that would end a few months from now, maybe two or three months from now, and they requested back what they would like, I countered another offer and we're waiting to finalize some things. I love WWE and I can't picture myself wrestling somewhere else but it's also becoming now where that Wednesday and Thursday, I can't just do that and get some outside live events for comedy and different movie and television options, which would only be to promote myself as a WWE superstar, to make myself a bigger star so I can advance more in WWE. So if I can't find that happy medium, I might have to go away for a little bit. What I wanna do is make myself a bigger asset to WWE. If it involves leaving, that would crush me but it might."
Posted by Steve Carrier on 06/29/2015 at 11:45 AM
Alex Riley took to his Twitter account to address WWE not using him and instead looking for people who have never wrestled on the new season of Tough Enough. Here's a couple of tweets he fired off:
Alex Riley
@AlexRileyWWE
Gotta love how @wwe spends Millions 2 find the next guy w/ @WWEToughEnough when I have been right here in front of their face the whole time
All this talk about the "it factor" every day and night on the @WWENetwork I AM IT!
4:36 PM - 29 Jun 2015
Adam Rose mentioned on Twitter that he wants to be called "Hot Hot" Adam Rose and even went as far as changing his Twitter handle. He tweeted the following:
Hot Hot Adam Rose
@WWEAdamRose
From now on I will be referred to as: "Hot Hot" Adam! Thanks and obey! #WWE #DontBeJelly
As noted earlier via The Wrestling Observer Newsletter, Erick Rowan is expected to be out of action for 4 months with a torn biceps.
PWInsider has confirmed the torn biceps but says he will be out of action for 6 months.
On the latest installment of "Talk is Jericho", The Big Show talked about his WWE career, his size and what he thinks about his character. He also commented on if his character right now is a babyface or a heel:
"I've done so much flip floppin' s*it that I'm still dizzy. I wake up and go, What am I a good guy or bad guy today?"
Brian Alvarez mentioned on today's installment of Wrestling Observer Live that the plan is for Jeff Jarrett to bring the King of the Mountain Championship title to Global Force Wrestling, and defend the title against talent there.
Former TNA wrestler Alex Shelley announced on Twitter that he will return to Ring of Honor at their August 22nd Field of Honor show in Brooklyn from MCU Park:
Global Force Wrestling issued the following press release to us:
Former TNA World Heavyweight Champion and UK superstar, Nick Aldis, formerly known as Magnus at TNA Wrestling, has signed on with Global Force Wrestling and will be part of their next GFW Grand Slam Tour live events on July 9 in Wisconsin, July 10 in Pennsylvania, and July 11 in Ohio. He will also be headlining the first ever world television taping on July 24th, in Las Vegas.
"I'm ready to explore opportunities as a free agent that haven't been open to me before. Jeff Jarrett has been instrumental in my career development and I have always respected him as a performer and promoter. As soon as I heard about GFW I knew that one way or another I would play a part. I'm very excited about that.," said Aldis.
GFW Founder and CEO could not be happier that Magnus has decided to join the force. "Nick is one of the brightest stars in professional wrestling today and I could not be more excited to have him front and center promoting GFW. His star power in the UK will help give Global Force Wrestling the brand exposure we are looking for."
Aldis also appeared on the United Kingdom revival of Gladiators, where he was known by the name Oblivion.
"Aldis star power transcends pro wrestling and he is someone that we have had our eye on for months," said Karen Jarrett Co-founder of Global Force Wrestling.
Kurt Angle announced at last night's Impact Wrestling tapings that he has a tumor in his neck and will require time off for surgery. According to F4WOnline, Angle's surgery is not a major operation, and he's expected to return to action in three weeks.
It's very possible that Angle will be ready to return at the Impact Wrestling tapings in July.
F4Wonline.com reports that some of the TNA talents being released are actually being "transferred" as part of a TNA – GFW invasion angle. It's expected that any TNA talent who is now in Global Force Wrestling, James Storm in particular, will be back on TNA TV in the near future.
Also arlier via GFW press release that former TNA star Magnus (Nick Aldis) has signed with GFW. The press release specifically said he was signed but F4Wonline.com notes that Magnus has not signed a contract. As noted, he will debut at the GFW events from July 9th through July 11th and then be back for the July 24th TV tapings.
Read more: http://www.tnainsider.com/2015/06/rumoursupdates-on-the-future-of-tnagfw-the-released-stars/#ixzz3eXWjhuGw
Austin Aries finished up with TNA after last night's Slammiversary PPV, and the following press release has been issued:
THE REGIME SIGNS AUSTIN ARIES
The Regime, a Los Angeles-based talent management firm representing Grammy Award winning musicians, athletes and respected artists across all fields of entertainment, is happy to announce a partnership with our latest client, the multi-? talented Austin Aries.
With the recent expiration of his TNA Entertainment contract, we consider Austin Aries to be among the hottest free agents in professional wrestling. We are very excited for the many opportunities that lie ahead for a man that is universally considered to be one of professional wrestling's greatest entertainers. For all inquires regarding Austin Aries, including booking, publicity and more, please contact Josh Eldridge atJosh@regimeinc.com.
Read more: http://www.tnainsider.com/2015/06/update-on-the-future-of-austin-aries/#ixzz3eXVxzUHT
It was reported by undredible reporters that both Taryn Terrell and Awesome Kong will be leaving TNA after Slammiversary as their contracts have came up. However that is incorrect as they are contracted to TNA for another several months according to TNA Executive Bob Ryder;
Bob Ryder
✔ @brydertna
Neither of their contracts are up for several months. Amazed you would report something so totally wrong. https://twitter.com/WONF4W/status/615213582687416321 …
Read more: http://www.tnainsider.com/2015/06/update-on-status-of-top-tna-knockouts/#ixzz3eXRbGOSf


text:
An Interview with Said The Whale and Free Tickets!
By Beth Luscombe Sep 10, 2011 Sep 10, 2011
Vancouver-based band, Said The Whale, is making the cross country trip to Montreal to play Club Lambi on September 13th with Rah Rah and Sarah Lowes. They're making lots of stops in between, which is something the Juno award winners have become known for ever since they started playing their way across Canada in 2007. Since forming the band, singer and songwriters Tyler Bancroft and Ben Worcester have been open about their goals, struggles and triumphs as they navigate the Canadian music scene.
They started by filling out the folksy sound of Said the Whale with bassist Peter Carruthers, drummer Spencer Schoening, and keyboardist Jaycelyn Brown and began touring Canada and collecting fans along the way. Their music evolved into upbeat indie pop with harmonized vocals resulting in a sound similar to The New Pornographers and the Decemberists. When they decided they were ready to take their music to America, a film crew followed them there documenting their entertaining experiences in a film called "Winning America". During their attempt to break into the American music market, the band is seen replacing stolen equipment and sleeping on the floor in true indie fashion. In their early stages, most bands suffer through their own set of disappointments and mishaps, but rarely do they let everyone see all of the effort that went into the polished finished product. That's the charm of Said The Whale.
It's also admirable that the experience didn't dampen their spirits in the least. Over the phone, Spencer Schoening said they can't wait to get back on the road.
"We're dying to go back to the East Coast and the United States…we were just in the UK for the first time, actually I'm the only one who had been there before, but we all loved that." The band was there for two festivals and have already found ways to make the most of the madness.
"Festivals are crazy. You run around like a chicken with its head cut off, but if you're lucky, you get to discover new bands. You almost forget why you're there." It seems that being in a band is a great way to discover other bands, whether they bump into them at festivals or listen to them on a tourbus.
"I'm usually in shot gun so I choose the music and it can be all over the place. We like to sit through full albums though and get to know bands like Fruit Bats, Sublime, Dan Mangan, Cee Lo, Bob Dylan… anything, really."
It's clear that one of their favourite discoveries is still the first band they played a show with, Hollerado.
After winning the Juno award for New Group of the Year over Hollerado, Said The Whale announced that they'd be sharing the award with their friends.
With a Juno, a film, international festivals and now an EP on the way that Spencer describes as a "mini roller coaster", 2011 is shaping up to be a pretty exciting year for Said The Whale. The EP is set to be released this fall and has four new songs, which Spencer explains are more experimental.
"Tyler and Ben co-wrote the songs, which are reflections of things they care about very much and they were really excited to see how the rest of the band interpreted them. It's hard to describe them…I may be too close to the songs at this point."
Laughing, Spencer adds, "Actually it's a hip hop record."
To get tickets to the show go to IndieMontreal's website or enter our contest for a chance to win free tickets. To enter simply "Like" us on Facebook, Tweet this article, or leave a comment below (with your email address). See you at the show!
Said The Whale + Rah Rah + Sarah Lowes
Tuesday, September 13, 2011, 8:30 pm
Club Lambi (4465 St. Laurent)
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Previous storyWe Came, We Saw, We Sinned
Next storyRemember 9/11 but don't forget the rest
Beth Luscombe http://www.ForgetTheBox.net
Pledge Music – tailor-made campaigns that cater to artists and fans
By Stephanie Beatson	 Apr 11, 2013
New video: 'The Rich Kids' by Seb Black
By Bianca David	 Dec 18, 2013
Ty Segall in Montreal
By Eva Goodman	 Feb 12, 2013 Feb 12, 2013
By Pamela Fillion	 Jun 5, 2014 Jun 10, 2014


This beautiful Fawn print muslin is a welcome edition to any changing bag. These stylish muslins can be used for feeding, burping, cleaning up spillages, comforting, a makeshift play mat, sun shade or bib.
The perfect Baby Shower Gift, these muslins are 100% cotton muslin and are hand tied with a black bow.
Dimensions: 70 x 70 cm. Material: 100% Cotton Muslin. Colour: Ecru.


text:
Q: Outwards spiral to matrix in Haskell I'm trying to generate a matrix using an outwards spiral with a list as an input. Going to assume the list always has length that has a square route so it can fit in an NxN matrix.
myList :: [Char]
myList = "~~~~3~~2~~2~~~1~~2~~1~1~"

Given myList I'd expect the function to generate 5x5 matrix:
mkSpiralMatrix myList

> [["~","1","~","1","~"]
  ,["~","~","~","2","~"]
  ,["2","~","~","~","~"]
  ,["~","3","~","~","2"]
  ,["~","1","~","~","~"]]

Here is a visual representation of how the list was constructed using a spiral:
~ - 1 - ~ - 1 - ~
|
~   ~ - ~ - 2 - ~
|   |           |
2   ~   ~ - ~   ~
|   |       |   |
~   3 - ~ - ~   2
|               |
~ - 1 - ~ - ~ - ~

I've found code that I've played with trying to convert to my needs but it generates the matrix using inward spiral, and cant seem to convert it into outward spiral!
counts :: Int -> [Int]
counts = tail . reverse . concatMap (replicate 2) . enumFromTo 1

values :: Int -> [Int]
values = cycle . ((++) <$> map id <*> map negate) . (1 :) . (: [])

grade :: [Int] -> [Int]
grade = map snd . sort . flip zip [0..]

copies :: Int -> [Int]
copies = grade . scanl1 (+) . concatMap (uncurry replicate) . (zip <$> counts <*> values)

mkSpiralMatrix' :: Int -> [[Int]]
mkSpiralMatrix' = (<*>) take $ (.) <$> (map . take) <*> (iterate . drop) <*> copies

mkSprialMatrix' 5
> [[0 ,1 ,2 ,3 ,4]
  ,[15,16,17,18,5]
  ,[14,23,24,19,6]
  ,[13,22,21,20,7]
  ,[12,11,10, 9,8]]

But as you can see that code generates a matrix of NxN given N as an input. So it's not quite what I need but felt I could somehow use it.

A: You're close. Consider this additional function (requires sortOn from Data.List):
sortUsing :: Ord a => [a] -> [b] -> [b]
sortUsing as = map snd . sortOn fst . zip as

Given an orderable list as a first argument, sortUsing will sort its second argument as though it were the first.
λ> sortUsing [5,1,3,2] "Khul"
"hluK"

Armed with this, you're but a single step from your goal. sortUsing is very easily converted to pointfree, too; that seems to be a goal of yours.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


For several months, after I installed Windows 7 at home I had a very annoying problem: whenever I was writing double quotes (") or single quotes (') in some text editors and all browsers, the quotes did not appear. Only after I was typing another character, then both the opening and the closing quotes were shown, followed by the character (like ""X or "X, instead of "X" or 'X'). And when pressing some characters, like A or I, instead of getting ""A or ""I what was showing up was an Ä or Ï with two points on top. To get "X", I had to type quote followed by space followed by X and then quote again. Really annoying.
The curious thing was that my environment was similar to the one I had at the office: Windows 7 Ultimate, Visual Studio 2008 SP1, Office 2007, same browsers, etc. So I had to rule out a problem with Visual Studio. It must have been some weird setting in Windows 7, though I had done identical installations at home and at the office. Well, it turned out I didn't have identical setups: at home I had both Romanian and English keyboard layouts, and for English I had both "US" and "United States-International", the later being the default input language for the English layout.
Changing the default input language to English (United States) – US (as shown in the image above) solved this problem (without restarting Windows, only the applications where the problem occurred).
You can find this from Control Panel > Change Keyboard or other input methods > Keyboard and Languages > Change keyboards.
52 Comments on "Windows 7 Quotes Problem"
Thanks a ton for the solutions. It really helped me.


The three-day music festival at the Gorge Amphitheater in George, Washington was as epic as planned, with over 60 shows over three stages, sunny weather (at least for the Northwest) and party until the break of dawn campgrounds, despite another last minute cancellation by Mac Miller, who had at least a good excuse — the rapper rushed off to Florida to be with his girlfriend Ariana Grande after the Manchester terrorist attack.
Although LCD Soundsystem made the most noise this weekend by announcing that they were done with their new album, Chance The Rapper closed Sasquatch! 2017 in grand style with a bombastic live performance that will be talked about for years.


text:
Arthur C. Lawrence is former American football, baseball and ice hockey coach. He served as the head football coach at Union College in Schenectady, New York from 1941 to 1942, compiling a record of 5–9–2. Lawrence was also the school's head hockey coach (1935–1936, 1940–1942, 1947–1948) and head baseball coach (1939–1942, 1946–1975).

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
American football centers
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Union Dutchmen baseball coaches
Union Dutchmen football coaches
Union Dutchmen ice hockey coaches

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Environmental control during transfer between instruments is required for samples sensitive to air or thermal exposure to prevent morphological or chemical changes prior to analysis. Atom probe tomography is a rapidly expanding technique for three-dimensional structural and chemical analysis, but commercial instruments remain limited to loading specimens under ambient conditions. In this study, we describe a multifunctional environmental transfer hub allowing controlled cryogenic or room-temperature transfer of specimens under atmospheric or vacuum pressure conditions between an atom probe and other instruments or reaction chambers. The utility of the environmental transfer hub is demonstrated through the acquisition of previously unavailable mass spectral analysis of an intact organic molecule made possible via controlled cryogenic transfer into the atom probe using the hub. The ability to prepare and transfer specimens in precise environments promises a means to access new science across many disciplines from untainted samples and allow downstream time-resolved in situ atom probe studies.
Atom probe tomography (APT) is a powerful technique that is able to determine both the three-dimensional (3D) structure and elemental composition of materials with atomic resolution across many disciplines [1–9] APT analysis commonly involves the use of a dual beam scanning electron microscope/focused ion beam (FIB/SEM)  to prepare samples in a compatible geometry. Moving prepared specimens from the FIB/SEM to the atom probe typically requires the specimen to be transferred between instruments under ambient conditions. However, for specimens that are sensitive to air (i.e., oxygen, water, etc.) or thermal exposure, it is imperative to insure environmental protection during the entire transfer process so that all specimens are maintained in a pristine state before, during, and after analysis. The first part, before analysis, is critical for future cryogenic APT developments enabling broader applications in biology, polymer, and organic chemistry. The latter part, after analysis, is critical for future time-resolved studies such as APT analysis of nanoscale catalyst materials in one state then undergoing oxidation/reduction and then analyzing the same sample in a second state.
One approach for controlled transfer is to utilize a shuttle device, a suitcase if you will, in which specimens are transported between the preparation instrument(s) and the analysis instrument under a well-defined environment (e.g., user-set temperature in inert gas or high vacuum). Accomplishing this task requires that all tools involved have a compatible docking port for such a shuttle, as well as be able to accept and manipulate the same specimen holder. While such a system works [6, 11], it is not conducive with research settings where the multiple instruments are from various vendors and may not have compatible docking ports or even the ability to accept a common shuttle or manipulate the same specimen holder geometry. The other approach would be to develop a centralized system that allows for environmental transfer into the APT and docking with various holder geometries, shuttles, reaction chambers, etc.
In this article, we describe a novel system consisting of an environmental transfer hub station (ETH) compatible with a customized specimen shuttle device that allows the environmentally controlled transfer of specimens between a FIB/SEM and a local electrode atom probe (LEAP). The utility of this capability is demonstrated through the cryo-preparation, transfer, and APT analysis of a deposited film of an organometallic molecule facilitated by the ETH. Such versatile and controlled transfer provided new pristine mass spectra to be recorded and promises to allow one to access new complex nanoscale biological and materials science that cannot be accessed otherwise.
The ETH consists of a central cuboid-shaped ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber (Fig. 1a, 1) with connection ports to a customized specimen transfer shuttle docking port (Fig. 1a, 2) for vacuum or cryogenic transfer and a high-temperature ambient pressure reactor system (Fig. 1a, 3) for transfer under controlled atmospheres. In either case, specimens are transferred between the ETH central chamber and the LEAP via the specimen transfer rod (Fig. 1a, 4). Note that a detailed description of the add-on high-temperature ambient pressure reactor system and controlled atmosphere transfer will be the subject of a separate manuscript. A turbo pump, not shown in the view of Fig. 1, is used to maintain a base pressure of <5 × 10−6 Pa. The ETH is maintained by an aluminum frame supported by passive vibration isolation mounts, all of which are supported by an aluminum plate with four leveling caster wheels. The ETH interfaces directly to the front 4 ½ in. UHV buffer chamber flange of the LEAP via a bellows-style coupling tube, the configuration and orientation of which are shown in Fig. 1b. The design of the ETH is such that it can easily be decoupled from the LEAP and moved to allow for an unobstructed access to the LEAP if needed for maintenance or repair. In addition, the vibration isolation mounts and bellows-style coupling minimize vibration to the LEAP system, and thus either system can be operated independently without interference from each other. The completed ETH system is shown in Fig. 1c attached to the LEAP 4000 system housed at PNNL.
The environmental transfer of specimens between the FIB/SEM (used for specimen processing) and the LEAP (used for analysis) is facilitated via a docking flange and an environmental transfer shuttle (Fig. 1d, e). Modifications were made to the Quorum PT2010T shuttle device to accommodate the handling of LEAP specimen pucks (Fig. 1e). The cold stage for the Quorum PT2010T system is shown in Fig. 1f, and mounts within the FIB/SEM chamber. In order to accommodate LEAP specimen pucks, a cryo-stage adapter with a dovetail fitting was fabricated from Cu that attaches directly to the cryo-stage. The stage adapter also has an integrated temperature probe that interfaces with the existing Quorum system to precisely measure and control temperature over a range from about 370 K down to 100 K or lower. To minimize thermal transfer, a customized effector (puckulator) was fabricated from polychlorotrifluoroethylene plastic (Kel-F) which secures the LEAP puck for manipulation. Prior to the undocking of the shuttle for transport between the FIB/SEM and the LEAP, the specimen is retracted into a chamber isolated with a closure under HV conditions or backfilled to near atmospheric pressure under an inert atmosphere (e.g., argon). Transfer of the cryo-cooled specimen puck into the LEAP is enabled via a docking flange (Fig. 1d) that leads to a carousel mounted on a rotatable manipulator that accepts the transferred specimen puck and can be actively cooled via a liquid nitrogen feedthrough when low-temperature operation/transfer is desired. The specimen is then transferred into the LEAP for nanoscale tomographic compositional analysis via the ETH transfer rod shown in Fig. 1b, 2. Note that, for APT analysis, specimens are kept at cryogenic temperatures 25–100 K at all times. For non-cryogenic specimens that are air sensitive and prepared under vacuum within a FIB/SEM, such as nanoscale catalytic metals, environmental transfer under inert or high vacuum is achieved via the ETH following the procedure described above. Such specimens can further be transferred under vacuum into other devices that are attached to the ETH designed to induce morphological and/or chemical changes, such as within the high-temperature ambient pressure reactor shown in Fig. 1a. These samples can then be transferred in situ back into the LEAP for multistage APT analysis using the transfer rod in Fig. 1b, or transferred out via the ETH and transfer shuttle for analysis using other techniques.
To validate the ability of the ETH to facilitate experiments that cannot be performed otherwise, we performed cryogenic APT mass spectral analysis of the organometallic molecule Trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) (molecular mass 319.3 Da, and abbreviated as MeCpPtMe3). The MeCpPtMe3 molecule is commonly used within a FIB/SEM to deposit Pt films using Ga ion beam-assisted deposition  as a way to protect samples during Ga ion milling. However, the boiling point and melting point prevent ambient transfer of intact films of MeCpPtMe3. The conventional preparation of protective films at ambient conditions requires the decomposition of the MeCpPtMe3 molecules by exposure to an electron or ion beam to form films consisting of metallic Pt nanoparticles embedded within an amorphous carbonaceous matrix (Pt/a-C) . These qualities make MeCpPtMe3 an ideal sample to validate the cryogenic transfer capabilities since the APT spectra would clearly demonstrate whether the film is pristine or suffered contamination or degradation due to thermal warming. If pristine, only peaks corresponding to the fully intact molecule are expected, whereas contamination or degradation would result in both the presence of low molecular weight fragments and isolated platinum ions. Thus, we prepared and analyzed with APT specimens of MeCpPtMe3 using either electron beam-assisted deposition (EBAD) or ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) at room temperature within a FIB/SEM (conventional approach), and compared those data against cryogenically prepared and cryogenically transferred pristine films.
Specimens of Pt/a-C were prepared from MeCpPtMe3 at room temperature using EBAD or IBAD and transferred under ambient conditions into the LEAP. A qualitatively similar time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrum is observed for IBAD prepared specimens analyzed with APT using both voltage-pulsing and laser-pulsing modes shown in Fig. 2a, b, respectively. Note that the combination of a high-pulsed laser frequency during data collection of the mass spectrum shown in Fig. 2a resulted in a mass cutoff below 250 Da. Therefore, to avoid concerns over whether any laser-pulsing mode would thermally modify any cryogenic samples and affect interpretation, we compare only voltage-pulsed mode for the remaining experiments. The APT ToF mass spectra collected under voltage-pulsing mode are also qualitatively similar for both the IBAD (Fig. 2b) and the EBAD (Fig. 2c) specimens, although the EBAD specimens ran slightly longer before fracture. All IBAD and EBAD specimens showed clear mass peaks of elemental carbon and complex carbon molecules as well as Pt in the 1+ charge state centered at 195 Da and 2+ charge state centered at 97.5 Da (Fig. 2e–g). However, no intact MeCpPtMe 3 + ions at 319.3 Da are seen. All of these results are consistent with the observation that MeCpPtMe3 is decomposed to Pt/a-C by electron and ion beams during IBAD and EBAD depositions at room temperature and transfer under ambient conditions.
In comparison, the cryogenic preparation and controlled environmental transfer of MeCpPtMe3 lead to the APT ToF detection of only intact MeCpPtMe3 molecules. The APT time-of-flight mass spectrum collected under voltage pulsing mode of MeCpPtMe3 that has been cryogenically deposited as a thin film within the FIB/SEM and cryogenically transferred to the LEAP using the ETH, shows only a single mass peak group centered at 319 Da (Fig. 2d), the mass of which is consistent with the intact MeCpPtMe 3 + molecule (C9H16Pt = 319 Da). Zooming-in on the region around 319 Da as shown in Fig. 2h clearly identifies the individual isotopes of the MeCpPtMe3 molecule (derived from natural isotopes of Pt). Besides not showing any evidence of individual atoms of elemental Pt+ or Pt2+ the cryogenically transferred spectra also lacks any detection of elemental carbon and complex carbon ions as seen with IBAD and EBAD specimens (Fig. 3). The absence of other mass peaks within the analyzed volume indicates that the specimen was composed of pristine MeCpPtMe3 and that the specimen was fully protected from unwanted environmental exposure during the environmental transfer process.
The ability to prepare and transfer specimens in precise environments provides a means to access new science across many disciplines. In particular, major gains are expected in biology and materials science. In biology, we anticipate that site-specific targeting with cryogenic APT could empower quantification of cellular heterogeneity such as molecular or metal-ion gradients between organelles or buried biointerfaces with part-per-million sensitivity which is currently inaccessible by other means. In materials science, environmental transfer would remove ambiguity in the analysis of easily oxidized or corroded specimens such as lithium-ion battery materials or allow direct time-resolved in situ analysis of chemical and morphological catalyst transformations.
A FEI Helios Nanolab 600 FIB/SEM was used to image and prepare specimens. Circular pads of Pt/a-C with dimensions 1.5 µm diameter by about 600 nm thick were deposited at room temperature onto the top of individual Si posts of a micropost array coupon (Cameca Instruments Inc.–APT division, PN 23265) using either electron beam-assisted deposition (5 kV, 0.17 nA) or ion beam-assisted deposition (30 kV, 90 pA). A sharp needle-like morphology with end radius of <100 nm was made using 30 kV Ga ion milling in an annular pattern oriented along the long axis of the post. Specimens were then transferred under ambient conditions into the LEAP for analysis via the standard specimen load lock.
A FEI Helios Nanolab 600 FIB/SEM was used to image and cryogenically prepare specimens. Cryogenic high-vacuum transfer into and out of the FIB/SEM was performed via a Quorum PT2010 cryo-preparation station using the modified specimen transfer shuttle device shown in Fig. 1e. A silicon micropost array substrate (Cameca Instruments Inc.–APT division, PN 23265) attached to the LEAP-compatible specimen puck was loaded into the manipulator of the transfer shuttle and plunged into a liquid nitrogen (lN2) slush bath of the Quorum work station. The frozen specimen substrate was then retracted into the specimen isolation chamber and transferred directly onto the cryo-stage within the FIB/SEM. The FIB/SEM stage was precooled to 113 K or colder prior to the transfer into the FIB/SEM. In order to deposit a solid film of MeCpPtMe3, was introduced as a vapor via the integrated gas injection system (GIS), which is a common accessory with FEI-brand FIB/SEM systems. The deposition of the MeCpPtMe3 resulted in a thick over coating. To prepare a sharp needle-like morphology with end radius of <100 nm, 30 kV Ga ion milling in an annular pattern oriented along the long axis of the post was performed. The substrate was then transferred out of the FIB/SEM using the customized specimen transfer shuttle device and loaded onto the liquid nitrogen-cooled specimen carousel of the ETH (Fig. 1d). The cryo-prepared specimen was then transferred into the LEAP for analysis. Note that the receiving specimen stage within the LEAP analysis chamber was precooled and held at a temperature around 40 K for APT analysis.
APT analysis was performed using a LEAP 4000×-HR from Cameca Instruments. Voltage pulsing mode was applied at a frequency of 125 kHz and a 10% pulse fraction. For the pulsed laser APT experiments, a laser energy of 160–180 pJ was used at frequency of 125 kHz. A detection rate of about 200–400 ions/s, stage temperature of 40–50 K, and analysis chamber pressure of <4 × 10−9 Pa were maintained for the duration of all experiments.
JEE supervised the project. DEP and JEE designed the project and experiments and wrote the manuscript. SSAG. contributed with methodological strategies. DEP and SSAG performed the experiments. DEP performed the data analysis. JC and BH assisted with the CAD design and fabrication. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. The authors acknowledge helpful conversations with Dr. Ty Prosa and the applications team at Cameca Instruments Inc.
This work was supported by an EMSL Capability Development Project and the DOE-BER Mesoscale to Molecules Bioimaging Project #66382.


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Helping the Three Giants and spreading the word in the Pantanal of Paraguay SEARCH NEWS
Top: A few members of the Pantanal EcoClub, on the banks of the Río Negro. They are joined by Tracie Long, a former WLT/UEA Diploma student, back left. Above: The radio station (See a larger image of the radio station.)
In the Pantanal, Guyra Paraguay (partners of the World Land Trust) have been able to build on the work of the EcoClub Pantanal Paraguay, a group formed by young people from the community of Bahía Negra. With Guyra's help the EcoClub were successful in its grant application to the World Bank and were awarded $10,000 to set up the area's first radio station, staffed and run entirely by local conservationists, and broadcasting in Guaraní. "When we first got here, there was no government presence, and no communications, except radio stations broadcasting from Brazil", explains Alberto Yanosky, Executive Director of Guyra. "There was no access to the Pantanal: we brought the first boat to the area. Now we're helping provide economic opportunities through sustainable tourism that will enable young people to stay in the are to earn a living – before, they had to leave to find work."
When WLT Trustee Rohini Finch, visited the Pantanal, in July 2006, she was so impressed by the commitment and enthusiasm of the young people running the EcoClub, that she promised to match any funds they raised before her next visit. Unfortunately Rohini was unable to join the group from WLT that went out to Paraguay for the official opening of The Three Giants Biological Station in March 2008, but she was represented by her husband, Bob Finch and daughter, Jo Finch. The EcoClub were proud of the US$420 they had raised which is a wonderful amount considering this is a tiny community with very little outside communications. Jo was pleased to be able to hand over Rohini's pledged matched funding.
In the words of Saúl Arias, Secretary and Treasurer of the Pantanal Eco Club, "I participated in the radio broadcasts which made it possible for me to become an operator on the Bahía Negra Poty radio. Every day I wake up very early to help my mother before going to school since I belong to a large family of 8 brothers and sisters. Since I was nine I have been going to the Club, first accompanied by my sister Liz since she was not allowed to go alone to the meetings and environmental camps that the people from Guyra Paraguya organized, and then on my own. It was very revolutionary for our parents, especially because we were "mobilizing and organizing ourselves". Since belonging to the club I can confirm that we have done a lot for our community and spread environmental awareness but we still need work to become leaders of the region. The president of our group is a woman whom I admire for all the achievements in what is, sometimes, a chauvinistic community. Nilsa Frutos is also from Bahía Negra and we meet with her once a week to plan our social and environmental activities, although, of course, we see each other every day on our radio programs. The radio really helps us spread the message across our community at Bahía Negra."
The people of Bahía Negra are all familiar with the Three Giants: Giant Anteater, Giant Otter and Giant Armadillo, and they are now familiar with the Three Giants Biological Station which is upstream from their small town community on the banks of the Río Negro.
Learn more about the Chaco/Pantanal Project in Paraguay
Diploma Students Paraguay UEA
Endangered species and co-operation at home and abroad 23/08/2011
WLT co-operates closely with the University of East Anglia and between 2005 and 2010 ran a joint Graduate Diploma Course …
Butterflies in the rainforest: Student braves record-breaking storms to do research in Paraguay 07/04/2010
In March this year, as part of the field work for her Graduate Diploma in Conservation Administration, Alison Lewis went …
GUARDIANS OF NIMLA HA'
In the year of COP26, you made history. You allowed us to raise the most ambitious appeal in our 30+ years of existence, saving forests, mangroves and more for ...
Saving Borneo's Orangutan Corridors
When we launched our appeal on #WorldRainforestDay the plan was to fund our partner HUT...
URGENT CLIMATE CRISIS
PROTECT LAND. SAVE IT FOREVER.


The Marriage Pact, the second book in The Viral Series following Missed Connection, by romance authors K. Larsen and Mara White is based on a heartbreaking viral Reddit post.
"You are...everything. Please let me love you. Please."
The first book I read by these authors was Missed Connection, which was one of my favorite reads of last year. So I was pretty excited to get my hands on this book. I enjoy friends-to-lovers romances and from what I already had read from these authors my expectations were high. Unfortunately this book did not meet that expectations. There were things I really liked, I enjoyed reading about Jackie and Ryan's unconventional friendship. I really loved it, and I wish we got to see more of that. It felt like a lot of parts were missing from the story, which made it really hard for me to connect with the characters and the story. Some REALLY heartbreaking things happened in this book, and I should've been prepared but I wasn't. However my reaction to it wasn't as extreme as it would've been if I was all in.
"If we're both single when you turn thirty, if we haven't met anyone else, then we'll marry each other."
The time that Ryan and Jackie were apart was really long, however I think it was good for them to grow as individuals and to figure out what they really wanted from life. However this was a big part of the story and them not being in contact got old real fast. The Marriage Pact was an okay read for me. I loved the writing and the characters, even though Jackie sometimes annoyed me with her pushing Ryan away, she needed to heal from all the heartbreaking events in her life. I do love that the story was based on a viral Reddit post, I am on Reddit daily and will now search for that post. Just because this book didn't meet my expectations, doesn't mean it won't meet yours. I still recommend this book to readers who love heartbreaking friend-to-lovers stories.


In Towson, find your perfect engagement rings, loose diamonds, and other fine jewelry online and preview for free at a Ritani Partner Jeweler.
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As the home to Towson University, it's hardly surprising that Towson jewelry retailers do a brisk business in wedding rings for women, especially around graduation time. If you're looking for a specific ring design, say a halo setting with a princess cut diamond in a specific weight; you're probably facing some compromises in a limited selection that conforms to your bridal budget. Don't sweat it. You don't have to blow a bunch of money shopping for bigger inventory among New York or Chicago engagement rings. All you need to do is hop online and check out Ritani's free in-store preview program. In addition to selling great stuff like bracelets, fashion rings and diamond earrings online, Ritani's website features a customization program for making your own engagement rings. Begin by browsing thousands of actual images of diamonds in their inventory or speed up your search process by defining things that matter most to you, including cut, price, weight, color and more. When you find the perfect diamond, match it to your preferred setting and metal band. Up in New York Ritani's highly experienced artisans will carefully craft your custom design and then ship it at no charge to a partner jewelry retailer in your area. When you make an appointment to review the ring in person, keep in mind that you're never under any obligation to buy. If you determine that the ring exceeds your expectations, you're free to complete your transaction and take it home with you the same day.


1How can you provide an accurate window quote without coming to my home?
What a window company needs to create an accurate quote is less than most people think. All we need is the size of the windows and to ask a few questions about what you want from your replacement windows. We can gather this by phone and then email you a quote for you to review on your own timetable. We can also communicate by email, if that is your preference. Most window companies insist they need to come to your home because they want to do an in-home sales presentation and spend most of their time trying to sell you on their windows. We skip the 'blah-blah' and just give you a quote you can trust.
2What's the quality of your windows and what material is used?
We install high-quality, energy-efficient, 100% virgin vinyl windows. They are manufactured in the USA from a company that's been around since 1934. By the way, these are high-quality vinyl windows, not the inferior kind made from recycled vinyl. The pure vinyl makes all the difference in the world.
3What do you require as a deposit in order to get started?
No money at all until the job is done – and done right. That's how we keep ourselves 100% accountable to you for the quality of our results. No deposit needed!
4Do your windows have a warranty?
Yes, but pretty much all windows do. What makes us different is how comprehensive ours is: we give a real Lifetime Warranty that covers the product AND our workmanship. We even cover glass breakage. By the way, beware of some companies that talk about 'Lifetime' warranties. Many of them don't really mean lifetime coverage – they mean pro-rated coverage that reduces significantly over time.
5Why do prices for replacement windows vary so much?
Probably the easiest way to explain it is this: different window companies use different business models. For example, on the bottom end of the scale, you have some companies advertising unrealistically low prices. Often this kind of advertisement does not include your true final costs, and they'll try very hard to upsell you a more expensive window. You also might end up with an inferior window. Another business model is the huge window company that invests a lot of money in a big sales team, spends a ton of money on marketing, and builds a costly showroom. All that overhead has to be paid for. You might end up with quality windows, but chances are you'll pay a lot more than you need to. Zen Windows uses a different business philosophy. We focus like a laser on the quality of the windows, and making our process so stress-free that people naturally want to recommend us to others. We cut out all the unnecessary overhead of sales and marketing and offer the best windows at reasonable prices.
6I don't like that my current windows are hard to open and difficult to clean. Will my replacement windows solve this problem?
Yes! Many homeowners live with old windows for far too long. The windows get stuck when you try to open them. They're also hard to clean – especially from the outside. If you've been living with that, you'll love these smooth-operating windows that tilt-in for easy cleaning.
7Can I get a payment plan for my replacement windows?
Yes, we can do that – and we make this process easy, too. For more details, please visit our Financing page.
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We provide window replacement for Denver and surrounding areas. For a map of our jobs, please visit our Areas We Serve page.


The wide range of projects allows one to choose an item that can be made in an evening or a week. Book Summary: The title of this book is Crystal Play and it was written by. I found it totally infuriating to weave two inches worth of a bracelet only to discover the design looked nothing like I had imagined and I hated it. One of the best things about the first section are the crystals, lined up by color, marching across the bottom of the pages. Bookseller: , South Dakota, United States. The directions were very clear and easy to follow. The designs are worthwhile, and dimensional.
Next time though, I hope she gets her beading book published by Lark Books. It has absolutely beautiful jewelry designs, if you can dechiper the photos. Pulished in association with Swarovski Elements, the book is filled with stylish and innovative ways to use the Swarovski product line. Draeger starts the book off by giving a brief history of how she picked up beading. Color swatches of this crystal brand were printed along the bottom of most pages.
I simply mean that when the reader opens this book, he or she will be greeted with a ton of sparkle of all sorts! Draeger also gives a list of resources to obtain supplies from. I didn't think I would end up beading. As I mentioned above, I like the manner in which they are laid out, but it sure would be nice if they were all accurate. I found the projects in all sections to be very attractive, although quite different in style. Crystal Brilliance delivers a collection of over 30 beautiful, creative projects that showcase the brilliance and hues of Swarovski crystals, along with inspiring variations on each. I like the designs, will make quite a few of them, but am very dissapointed in the photos. I learn best with pictures but the instructions were easy to follow, the pictures are crystal clear and the projects featured are beautiful.
The recipient of any of the projects will surely be impressed. In one often repeated step, you are supposed to string: two 15's, one 11 and two 15's. The projects feature gorgeous colorways and innovative variations on basic stitches. Let us know what we can do to help! I decided to test whether a beginner could truly be successful doing one of these projects. I love it, love it, love it! That seems to me to be the least they can do. Table of Contents Introduction Stitching Basics - Materials and Tools - Techniques Projects Three-Drop Pendant Bamboo Bangle Brick Stitch Baby Cosmic Connections Criss-Cross Connections Curly Q Diamond Duo Bangle Emerald City Irresistabangle Junctions and Juxtapositions On the Edge Peyote Petals Quad Stackers Quadra Cool Ringed Rivoli Triangle Tulips Triple Threat Twin Tracks Water Lily Wrap Bracelet About the Author and Acknowledgments. I will keep this book and likely make several more of the projects.
And this black background is my only complaint about this book. Editor not named in the credits - 1 star for not doing their job properly! The author is known for her expertise in certain stitches. As a small independent book store in the Midwest we thank you for the support. For the price of this book, it is totally beyond me that some funds couldn't have been spent on a pro photographer. A nice addition to the library, especially for gift giving.
Luckily I had all the supplies I needed on hand because I have been wanting to try peyote no, I still haven't done it yet. The directions and diagrams are very clear, and works well for all beaders. If the publisher added another 8 pages to the book it would be 104 pages. Other than that, when you wear your finished projects, expect complements from people, because they notice the results of the beautiful crystal jewelery you make from this book. That's all it would have taken to have caught the errors. It has some projects, as well. Has anyone else tried this bracelet? And several are just screaming at me to stop this writing nonsense and get out the beads!!! She now shares her love of beading through teaching classes, writing how-to books, and plans to start online classes.
I started out making the simple, Crown Jewels bracelet and that seems to have good accurate directions. I just received this book today after waiting six months since I pre-ordered it. I'm hoping that none of the other projects have these issues, but I'm not holding my breath. As the title and cover photos suggest, it is entirely dedicated to projects using Crystallized Swarovski Elements, along with seed beads. The photography in that book is really vivid, and it teaches you about materials and various stitching techniques.
It couldn't be any more elegant and is a symphony of soft greens, violets, and peacock- purples. Often it seems to me that that playful characteristic is lacking in many designs which utilize Swarovski Elements. Following this information, the book is organized into four sections: Classic, Romantic, Geometric, and Organic and each project is assigned into the appropriate section. Anna does cover the basics of bead weaving, tool, materials, and that sort of thing, but the organization of the book allows you to jump right straight into the projects if that's what you want. They should have had more robust explanations of the stitches accompanied by diagrams. The color looks very accurate when I compared them to the pitifully small number of colors I have in my collection.
It is pretty much impossible to get any useful information while beading from the photos. . A lot of the designs are very beautiful, and there are a few I'd like to try out, once I've collected the proper crystals my selection is pretty much all 4mm bicones since those are what I use for my right-angle-weave bracelets. Pulished in association with Swarovski Elements, the book is filled with stylish and innovative ways to use the Swarovski product line. . Very clear information on what was used on each project. What is so good about this book? Get ready bead lovers, here's your chance er excuse to expand your Crystal selection ten-fold.


* (P. 1) What do these abbreviations mean?
* (P. 3) Is it New Party or Chinese New Party?
(P. 1) What do these abbreviations mean?
while the estimate from government officials is much less.
This tragic incident more or less resulted in a "White Terror"
related politics with a taboo.
serving the purpose of a "pseudo-embassy" of the US in Taiwan.
"native provincials" which refers to the people "originating"
WSR's. Refer to "WSR" for more information.
1930's. He died in 1975.
it does not promote any sudden change, as compared to TI and U.
and politically (in terms of democracy). Refer to "TI" and "U"
deals with the policies toward Mainland China.
PLA    People's Liberation Army, the name used for the army of PRC.
ROC    Republic of China, the current effective government in Taiwan.
SCT    "soc.culture.taiwan", the newsgroup you are currently reading.
PRC without violating its current laws and policies.
freedom, safety, justice and benefits.
it promotes the idea that "the ROC is different from the PRC".
to TI. Refer to "EU" and "TI" for more information.
classification. Refer to "BSR" for more information.
mailing list. The '[' and ']' marks are required.
Unfortunately, it supports Chinese Big-5 code only.
The San Francisco site, "http://www.np.org", is reported closed.
(P. 3) Is it New Party or Chinese New Party?
with Ministry of the Interior is 'New Party' ......"
(P. 4) Are there any Internet accesses for political figures in Taiwan?
their respective homepages to find the addresses.


text:
JICA dispatches emergency supplies to Honduras
Following relentless rains which flooded many parts of the country, JICA has dispatched emergency aid supplies to the Central American state of Honduras.
At least 24 persons were killed and some 25,000 persons were evacuated from their homes after days of torrential rains, landslides and flooding, particularly in low lying northeast parts of the country. Rivers swelled and around 60 percent of the country's roads were damaged.
JICA air freighted tents, water tanks, purifiers, blankets and sleeping mats from its regional warehouse in Miami to the San Pedro Sula area of Honduras.
The entire region is prone to devastating weather. Honduras has still not fully recovered from the effects of Hurricane Mitch which killed at least 11,000 people in 1998 in that country and neighboring Nicaragua.
Natural calamities have hit many parts of the world in recent months. As part of the national Japan Disaster Relief (JDR) system, JICA has sent emergency supplies, and at times medical and emergency teams, to help the victims of a massive earthquake which shook China's Sichuan Province and a separate tremor in Kyrgyzstan, survivors of Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar and floods victims in Laos, Viet Nam, Central Europe, Ukraine, the Philippines and Sri Lanka.
Japan International Cooperation Agency
WFP Honduras Country Brief, November 2021
En la Moskitia, OIM y la UE realizan donación para fortalecer la capacidad sanitaria en el contexto COVID-19
Honduras + 4 more
El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras – Regional Response, Fact Sheet #1 Fiscal Year (FY) 2022
Plan de Accion Cluster de Educacion Honduras, octubre – diciembre 2021
Manual and Guideline
Education Cluster


Hartstonge - In the 18th century the Harstonge family held lands in the Bruff and Kildimo areas of county Limerick. They also had property in Limerick city and in the parish of Castlemagner, barony of Duhallow, county Cork. They first intermarried with the Perys, Earls of Limerick in 1757 and by the early 19th century the Perys had inherited the Hartstonge's Munster estates. See Dr Malcomson's introduction to The Limerick Papers, Collection List 121, National Library of Ireland. Lewis writes that the town of Bruff and surrounding area was formerly the property of the Hartstonge family but by 1837 was in the possession of the Earl of Limerick.


Maximize your retirement fund contributions, increase them next year, and use a managed strategy for growing wealth.
1. Max Out Your Retirement Plan Contributions. Now is the time of year to review how much you have saved in your company's retirement plan, and then save some more. If you haven't reached the maximum contribution limits yet, you have two months to do so. For traditional 401(k) and 403(b) plans, the maximum contribution you may make in 2015 is $18,000. If you have a SIMPLE-IRA at your company, the maximum contribution you may make is $12,500. Those limits are indexed to inflation, but will stay the same in 2016.
If you are over 50 years old, you are eligible to make additional "catch-up" contributions. The "catch-up" amounts are $6,000 for 401(k) and 403(b) plans, $3,000 for SIMPLE-IRAs. All of your contributions have to be made by December 31, 2015. So, a little planning now can help you get the most out of your company's plan for 2015.
2. Get The Full Match. If you are not yet maxing out your retirement plan contributions, then make sure you are at least contributing enough to receive the full company match. For example, if your company matches 50% of the first 6% of your contributions, make sure you are contributing at least 6%. One of the cardinal sins of retirement investing is to leave free match money on the table. Don't miss out on the match; you will never get that money back.
3. Escalate Your Contributions Next Year. We believe most people will need to save between 12% to 15% of their annual income in order to properly fund their retirement. To help people reach that savings goal, many 401(k) plans have added a feature called auto-escalation. Auto-escalation automatically increases your contributions each year by a certain percentage unless you opt-out.
Unfortunately, many auto-escalation programs are too low and slow -- meaning the plan starts investors with a very low savings rate such as 3%, and escalates the savings rate by only 1% per year. For most people, that's not nearly enough. We like to see auto-escalation programs start retirement investors at 6% and increase by 2% per year in order to have a meaningful impact.
If your company's 401(k) plan does not offer this feature, then do it yourself by increasing your savings rate each January by 2% until you reach the 12% - 15% objective. Over time, you'll barely notice the difference in your paycheck.
4. Use a Managed Strategy. The market swoon in August/September was just a reminder that corrections in the stock market are actually the norm, not the exception. And research shows the average retirement investor is very likely to let their emotions get the best of them during periods of heightened market volatility, which usually results in selling at the peak of the pain. Unfortunately, doing so may cause irreparable damage to your retirement savings.
If you are anything but a skilled, experienced investor, consider using a managed account strategy, target date fund, or risk-based portfolio if offered in your company's retirement plan. Research from Aon Hewitt/Financial Engines found that investors using some type of professionally managed portfolio experienced returns of 3.32% more per year than investors managing their own account. Over time, the compounding effect could add hundreds of thousands of dollars to your retirement portfolio.
Complete all of the above, and you not only will have made the most of your company's retirement plan in 2015, you will have greatly improved your ability to reach a comfortable and sustainable retirement lifestyle.
Ron is the founder and CEO of ONE Retirement, an independent advisory firm focused on managing clients' retirement assets. Follow Ron on Twitter @RonSanders.