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text:
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Konix Multisystem Promo Trailer – Never Released British Console
August 27, 2013 The Games Shed	0 Comments 16-bit, 16bit, atari jaguar, bad design, british console, Console, disaster, ever, Fail, funny, Gamer, games, gaming, konix, konix multisystem, let's play, Lol, multi, multi-system, new, nintendo gaming, reality, Retro, Retro Gaming, sega gaming, System, the games shed, Worst, youtube
The British attempt to enter the console market looked so promising.. until 1990 when the poor system vanished without trace, before even hitting the shelves!
Konix was a British computer peripheral company primarily known for making joysticks such as the distinctive Speed King during the 1980s. Although this was its primary business for years, its place in videogame folklore was cemented by its ambitious and ultimately ill-fated plans to release its own video game console, the Konix Multisystem.
The Konix Multisystem began life in 1988 as an advanced Konix peripheral design intended to build on the success of the company's range of joysticks. The design, codenamed Slipstream, resembled a dashboard-style games controller, and could be configured with a steering wheel, a flight yoke, and motorbike handles. It promised advanced features such as force feedback, hitherto unheard of in home gaming.
However, it soon became apparent that the Slipstream project had the potential to be much more than a peripheral. Konix turned to their sister company Creative Devices Ltd, a computer hardware developer, to design a gaming computer to be put inside the controller to make it a stand-alone console in its own right. It was shortly after this development began that Konix founder and chairman Wyn Holloway came across a magazine article that described the work of a British group of computer hardware designers whose latest design was looking for a home.
The article in question, published in issue 10 of ACE magazine in July 1988, featured Flare Technology, a group of computer hardware designers whom, having split from Sinclair Research (creators of the ZX81 and ZX Spectrum home computers), had built on their work on Sinclair's aborted Loki project to create a system known as Flare One.
Flare's prototype system was Z80 based but featured four custom chips to give it the power to compete with peers such as the Commodore Amiga and Atari ST. The 1MB machine (128k of ROM, 128k of video RAM, 768k of system RAM) promised graphics with 256 colours on-screen simultaneously, could handle 3 million pixels per second, output 8 channel stereo and had a blitter chip that allowed vertical and horizontal hardware scrolling.
Flare were specifically aiming their machine at the gaming market, eschewing such features as 80 column text display (considered the requisite for business applications such as word processing) in favour of faster graphics handling. This meant that in spite of its modest 8-bit CPU the system compared well against the 16-bit machines in the market at the time. It could move sprites and block graphics faster than an Atari ST, and in 256 colours under conditions when the ST would only show 16 colours. It could also draw lines 3 times faster than an Amiga and even handle the maths of 3D models faster than the 32-bit Acorn Archimedes.
In spite of these specifications and bearing in mind their target gaming market, Flare aimed to retail their machine for around £200, half of what the Amiga and ST were selling for. Ultimately, Flare's resources to put it into mass production were limited.
Holloway approached Flare and proposed a merger of their respective technologies to create an innovative new kind of gaming console with the computer hardware built into the main controller and in July 1988 a partnership was formed. Development work was carried out by Flare, with assistance from British games programmer Jeff Minter.
Konix wanted the machine to use a 16-bit processor, so the Z80 was removed and replaced with an 8086 processor. They also demanded that the colour palette be expanded to 4096 colours, the same as that of the Amiga. To reduce manufacturing costs, the Flare One's four custom chips were integrated into one large chip. In order to keep the cost of software down, it was decided that the software media would be 3.5" floppy discs rather than ROM cartridges used universally by consoles up to that time.
The embryonic console was revealed to the computing press at a toy fair held at Earls Court Exhibition Centre in February 1989. It boasted market leading performance, MIDI support and revolutionary peripherals including a light gun withrecoil action and the Power Chair, a motorised seat designed to ape in the home what "sit-in" arcade games such as After Burner and Out Run delivered in the arcades using hydraulics. Another innovative feature was the ability to link 2 MultiSystems together to allow for head-to-head two player gaming. Release was slated for August that year.
Several games in development produced a version for the Konix Multisystem, including Vivid Image's Hammerfist.
CPU: 16-bit 8086 processor (running at 6 MHz)
Co-processor: ASIC processor
RAM: 256KB (in later versions upgraded to 512K)
Custom blitter
4096 colour palette
256×200 (256 colours)
512×200 (16 colours)
Custom RISC-based DSP
Storage: Custom 880KB 3.5″ disk drive
Misc: Cartridge expansion slot
Despite the impressive specification on paper, the design did suffer from some limitations. Nick Speakman of software developer Binary Designs pointed out that "the custom chips are very powerful, but they require a lot of programming talent to get anything out of them. The screen handling [also] isn't as fast as we anticipated it to be."
Brian Pollock of software publisher Logotron highlighted the limitations caused by the shortage of RAM (kept low to keep prices down), "My only concern is memory, or lack of it. For instance, in the game that I'm writing I am using six-channel FM synthesized sound. Now that takes up a hell of a lot of memory. I couldn't usefully fit any more samples, and that's sad."
The memory issue was also flagged by Crash magazine, which pointed out that the floppy disk format meant that games had to be loaded into the machine's RAM (originally intended to be 128k) in turn requiring the system to be constantly accessing the disk drive. Konix intended to remedy the problem with RAM upgrade cartridges, provided that the price of RAM fell in the future.
Overall though, programmers received the system positively. Jeff Minter described the controller itself as "superb," while Chris Walsh of Argonaut Games stated that "Polygon based games like Starglider 2 are going to be easy to program. The machine is geared up to rotating masses of vertices at incredible rates."
Numerous game developers were recruited to produce games for the system, including Jeff Minter's Llamasoft, Electronic Arts, Psygnosis, Ocean, Palace and U.S. Gold, with Konix promising 40 games to be available by Christmas. Lucasfilm was mooted as a developer with the possibility of releasing their own branded version of the machine in the US, but nothing was ever confirmed.
Games known to be in development for the system during 1988 included Llamasoft's Attack of the Mutant Camels, System 3's Last Ninja 2, Vivid Image's Hamerfist, and Logotron's Star Ray.
Signs of trouble in the progress to the release of the console did not take long to arrive. By May the release date had slipped from August to October. By October, a first quarter 1990 release was envisaged. The December edition of The Games Machine magazine revealed the scale of the problem. According to company sources, Konix had been on the brink of calling in receivers. Cheques had bounced, employees hadn't been paid and software development had been brought to a halt in mid-October as developers had reached the stage where they could continue no further without a finished machine.
In March 1990 it was revealed that Konix had sold the rights to sell their joystick range in the UK to Spectravision who also manufactured the rival QuickShot joystick range. They had effectively sold off the family silver in order to keep the MultiSystem project alive. Autumn 1990 was to be the new release time.
Eventually, beset by delays and in spite of all of the media coverage and apparent demand for the machine, the project ultimately went under when Konix ran out of cash without a completed system ever being released. Some people, including Holloway, contend that this was due to major international competitors leaning on Konix's suppliers and financiers to prevent the project reaching the market.
After the project was abandoned, Flare Technology began work on a new project, Flare Two, which was eventually bought by Atari and, after further development, formed the basis for the Atari Jaguar game console.
The original Flare One technology was purchased by arcade gambling machine manufacturer Bellfruit for use in their quiz machines. Drivers for these games are also included in the multi emulator MAME.
The Konix Multisystem's design was later released independently by a Chinese company called MSC (MultiSystem China) as the MSC Super MS-200E Multi-System, although this was simply an inexpensive PC games controller, without any special internal hardware.
In terms of its long lasting impact on the video game industry, perhaps the most intriguing aspect is Wyn Holloway's claim that Lucasfilm had their frequent partner Sony lined up to manufacture their version of the system, this being contemporaneous with Sony's development of the SNES-CD for Nintendo, which ultimately led to the first PlayStation.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
ECtHR - M. D. and M. A. v Belgium, Application No. 58689/12, 19 January 2016
Country of Applicant:
ECtHR – M. D. and M. A. v Belgium – Application No. 58689/12, 19 January 2016
Court Name:
European Court of Human Rights (Second section)
Actor of persecution or serious harm
Effective access to procedures
Effective remedy (right to)
Credibility assessment
Duty of applicant
Non-state actors/agents of persecution
Individual threat
Real risk
Relevant Documentation
Refugee Status
Standard of proof
Subsequent application
Well-founded fear
Persecution (acts of)
Relevant Legislative Provisions:
Council of Europe Instruments > EN - Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms > Article 3
European Union Law > EN - Dublin II Regulation, Council Regulation (EC) No 343/2003 of 18 February 2003
European Union Law > EN - Asylum Procedures Directive, Council Directive 2005/85/EC of 1 December 2005 > Art 32
European Union Law > EN - Qualification Directive, Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004
Council of Europe Instruments > EN - Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms > Article 13
European Union Law > EN - Recast Qualification Directive, Directive 2011/95/EU of 13 December 2011
European Union Law > EN - Recast Asylum Procedures Directive 2013/32/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council > Article 40
The Court found a violation of Article 3 in relation to a subsequent application for asylum, which had been rejected on the basis that it contained no new elements indicating that the Applicants ran a real risk of being subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment on deportation to Russia. Because new information had in fact been provided, the national authorities were under an obligation to thoroughly review the information in order to assure themselves that the Applicants' rights under Article 3 would be safeguarded.
The Applicants are a Russian couple of Chechen origin. They fled Russia in fear of retaliations following the political assassination of the first Applicant's father and a revenge-killing perpetrated by his eldest brother. They arrived in Belgium on 31 January 2007 and claimed asylum the next day. Their application was rejected by the Immigration Office on the basis that a personal vendetta did not amount to a ground for asylum. This was confirmed on appeal by the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless persons, which held that the Applicants' account lacked credibility. The Applicants requested the cancellation of this decision by the Council of State, but were refused because they had failed to attend the hearing. They were then ordered to leave the territory.
The Applicants each lodged three further applications for asylum in May, June and August 2012. The Immigration Office refused to consider these on the basis that no new elements had been raised to indicate a well-founded fear of persecution or serious harm, despite the fact that some additional documents had been provided. In respect of all three further applications, the Applicants also applied to the Council of Aliens Law Litigation, seeking actions for annulment of these decisions as well as an extreme urgency procedure in relation to the orders to leave the territory. However, their appeals were again rejected in turn for a lack of new elements.
In September 2012, the Applicants were granted interim measures by the ECtHR under Article 39, preventing their deportation to Russia throughout the duration of proceedings before the ECtHR. Before the Court, the Applicants complain that their expulsion to Russia would constitute treatment contrary to Article 3 of the ECHR, and that they have not had access to an effective remedy in relation to the dismissal of their fourth application for asylum, in violation of Article 13.
Decision & Reasoning:
The Court first emphasised that Article 3 imposes an obligation on states not to deport an individual where there is evidence that doing so would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment (Saadi v UK, N v UK, Hirsi Jamaa and others v Italy). It stressed that for these purposes, Article 3 calls for a thorough (Sultanti v France) and independent (Jabari v Turkey) investigation of the potential risks, but that this does not prevent states from adopting accelerated procedures for processing repeated or manifestly ill-founded claims (Mohammed v Austria).
Applying this to the facts, the Court noted that the Belgian authorities had failed to consider the Applicants' risks of being subjected to treatment contrary to Article 3, instead refusing to consider their fourth application on the basis of a lack of new elements. Specifically, it emphasised that the additional evidence provided as new material by the Applicants had been rejected because, according to the date, it could have been included in an earlier application. The authorities carried out no assessment of its relevance, authenticity or probative value, and did not consider the explanations of the Applicants as to why they had been unable to provide the documents earlier, ultimately imposing an unreasonable burden of proof on them. To this end, the authorities had taken an excessively restrictive approach to the existence of new elements. In the absence of a comprehensive review of the risk which the Applicants would face, taking into account the documents submitted in their fourth application, the authorities could not claim to have sufficient evidence to be assured that they would not be at risk of treatment contrary to Article 3 on deportation (Tarakhel v Switzerland). Accordingly, the Court held that deportation would amount to a violation of Article 3.
The Court did not find it necessary to separately consider Article 13, in light of its conclusions in respect of Article 3.
The Court found that the Applicants' rights under Article 3 had been violated, but did not find it necessary to consider Article 13.
Observations/Comments:
This summary was written by Georgia Kandunias, GDL student at BPP University.
Case Law Cited:
ECtHR - R.K. v. France (application no. 61264/11), 9 July 2015
Belgium - Court of Arbitration, Case No. 61/94, 14 July 1994
Belgium - Council of State, Case No. 112.420, 8 November 2002
ECtHR - Jabari v. Turkey, Application no. 40035/98, 11 July 2000
ECtHR- Singh and Others v. Belgium, Application no. 33210/11, 2 January 2013
ECtHR- I v. Sweden (Application no. 61204/09), 20 January 2014
ECtHR - M.V and M.T. v France, Application No. 17897/09
ECtHR - Aslakhanova and Others v. Russia, Applications nos. 2944/06 and 8300/07, 50184/07, 332/08, 42509/10 (UP)
ECtHR - Tarakhel v. Switzerland, Application no. 29217/12
ECtHR - Sultani v France, Application No. 45223/05
ECtHR - Saadi v. Royaume-Uni [GC], Application No. 13229/03
ECtHR - Mohammed v Austria, Application No. 2283/12
ECtHR - M.S.S. v Belgium and Greece [GC], Application No. 30696/09
ECtHR - Hirsi Jamaa and Others v Italy [GC], Application No. 27765/09
ECtHR - N v United Kingdom (Application no. 26565/05)
Attachment(s):
MD and MA.pdf
Other sources cited:
Parliamentary documents [Documents parlementaires], Chambre 2005/2006, No. 2478/001, 100
State Party:
National / Other Legislative Provisions:
Belgium - Law on Foreigners ['La loi sur les étrangers']
as amended by the law of 8 May 2013 – Articles 48/3
48/4 & 51/8
Report an issue with this case summary


40A Is Science Really a Tool of Higher Knowledge?
40C What Is the Sceptics Movement Actually Fighting for?
40E What Is the Real Spiritual Situation of the Conservatives?
40G Why does Secret Science Go against Humankind?
40H Is Humankind Already Prepared for the Real Revelation?
40I Film The Secret - What Are the Limits of Positive Thinking?


The rental vacancy rate is the proportion of the rental inventory which is vacant for rent. A housing unit is vacant if no one is living in it at the time of the interview, .
Historical information on the rental and homeowner vacancy rates, and characteristics of units available for occupancy.
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Jul 17, 2012 . 12-Month Averages:Rental vacancy rate: 12.8% Homeowner vacancy rate: 3.2% It's no secret that the Florida real estate market has seen .
Vacancy/Occupancy Rate Calculation. For any rental property, vacancy rate plus occupancy rate equals 100 percent. Sellers like to use occupancy rate because .
Jul 30, 2012 . All Property Management's nationwide survey shows return on investment with professional management of rental properties.
Apr 3, 2012 . Rental market data released last month shows low rental vacancy rates for the Twin Cities. The vacancy rate rose slightly to 2.8 percent .
Mar 15, 2011 . Already, rental vacancy rates have dipped below the 10% mark, where . according to Lesley Deutch of John Burns Real Estate Consulting.
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Jul 27, 2012 . WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The share of empty U.S. homes for rent fell to . The residential rental vacancy rate declined to 8.6 percent from 8.8 .
Apr 28, 2011 . The Northeast sported the lowest vacancy rate for the two types of property dwellings. The bureau's report on rental vacancies contrasts with an .
Current information on the rental and homeowner vacancy rates, and characteristics of units available for occupancy.
The vacancy rate is a numerical value calculated as the percentage of all available units in a rental property, such as a hotel or apartment complex, that are .
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The U.S. rental vacancy rate – the percentage of all rentals that are . Several long-term trends are helping to drive demand for multi-family homes in the .
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A high rental vacancy rate coupled with a low share of homes that are renter occupied generally implies more housing choices available for renting households.
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Aug 12, 2010 . experiencing lower vacancy rates compared to just one year ago. Job Market Effects. Rent.com surveyed rental property owners and managers .


Description The PTO will need volunteers to assist with the book fair. Classes will be given a schedule of what day and time they will be attending.
Do you want to delete all occurrences of the recurring appointment "TES/ELC Scholastic Book Fair", or just this one?


text:
Q: If $G/K$ is isomorphic to $H$ then is $G$ isomorphic to $KH$? I don't know if the question is trivial but I would really appreciate if someone could prove/disprove this question.
Thank you in advance
Edit:
I meant this: Suppose that there is homomorphism $f$ from $G$ to $H' K = \ker f$ and $H = \operatorname{im} f$. Then by the 1st isomorphism theorem, we can denote that $G/K \simeq H$ now my question was if I can say that $G \simeq K \times H$

A: If you mean $K\times H$ then No.
$\mathbb{Z}_4/\mathbb{Z_2} \cong \mathbb{Z}_2$ but $\dots\dots$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Worst mayor ever
With just three "counting-the-seconds" months left in his term, New York Mayor Bill DeBlasio is making every second count in his effort to make history as the worst mayor of all time. Having presided over the complete destruction of the clean, safe, booming city that he inherited, he's finishing out his term doing demolition detail work, like scrapping the schools' talented and gifted program (I guess he figures no Democrat voters will ever come out of that) and now, likely removing a statue of Founding Father Thomas Jefferson from the City Council chamber where it's stood for 187 years.
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/nyc-mayor-de-blasio-e2-80-98assumes-e2-80-99-jefferson-statue-will-be-removed-from-city-hall-punts-responsibility/ar-AAPwVKv
This is backed by the Council's Black, Latino and Asian Caucus because Jefferson was a slave owner (another thing Trump correctly predicted would happen if we let Civil War monuments be torn down.) DeBlasio tried to pass the buck for the decision to a design commission he appointed, and hedged to reporters about how Jefferson's legacy was "complicated."
Yes, everyone's is, except people who never do anything right (looking at you, Bill.) Only one perfect person ever walked the Earth, and leftists won't let His statute appear on public grounds, either.
It's true that Jefferson owned slaves; but it was his words from the Declaration of Indepence ("We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness") that were the foundation of the abolitionist movement. Unfortunately, New York's current political leaders don't have the time, brains or inclination to consider history in any broader context than a Twitter tweet.
Personally, I'm amazed that the statue of Jefferson didn't come to life and demand to be removed from the New York City Council chamber.
Permalink: https://www.mikehuckabee.com/2021/10/worst-mayor-ever
Hunter's Dirty Deals Greasing Wheels For Joe's Exit?
"God doesn't choose our President. The FBI does."
I couldn't wait until tomorrow to share this…
A Closer Look at the 2022 Elections
Nate Cohn of the New York Times discovered that "in state after state, the final turnout data shows that registered Republicans turned out at a higher rate — and in some places a much higher rate — than registered Democrats...
I'm not going to try to keep up with all the developments in the story of Tyre Nichols and the protests over his death at the hands of five Memphis police officers.
Harris rallies for abortion in Florida


Beginning birders quickly learn the concept of habitat preferences. It's a pretty straightforward idea — each species seeks out a place with a particular set of conditions and spends its time there. This is helpful for identification at a very basic level, and as we gain experience, we continue to refine our knowledge of birds' preferences (and our ability to distinguish subtle differences in habitat).
For a beginner, it's helpful to know that you should look for sandpipers on mudflats and sparrows in hedgerows, never the other way around. More experienced birders learn that each sandpiper species likes different kinds of mudflats, and sparrows tend to sort themselves out around the hedgerow.
As we learn this, it is helpful not just for identifying the birds that we find in those places but also for finding the birds in the first place. Seeing a certain kind of habitat will trigger the idea that "this looks like a good place for species x," leading us to search for that species. Any bird using that habitat niche will draw our attention.
This happens most often during migration, when physical stress and unfamiliar surroundings can cause birds to break their own habitat rules. Some migrants find themselves in a situation with limited habitat options and have to make do. In other cases, the need for food lures birds into settings they would normally shun. You still won't find a sandpiper in a hedgerow, but sparrows can end up on mudflats. Common Yellowthroats and White-throated Sparrows (usually found in low dense undergrowth) may forage high in the crowns of flowering oak trees, while warblers and tanagers (normally found in the treetops) may hop around on lawns or beaches.
In terms of bird identification, it's important to be ready for this kind of abnormal behavior. Recognizing it and understanding what's happening gives us a glimpse into the epic journeys of birds.
A version of this article was published in the March/April 2019 issue of BirdWatching magazine.


text:
https://www.middletownpress.com/news/article/Flock-to-Florence-Griswold-s-fairy-tale-birdhouse-11867798.php
Flock to Florence Griswold's fairy tale birdhouse trail
Donna Doherty
Published 12:00 am EDT, Wednesday, October 12, 2011
Sean Flynn: Wallingford artist Cathy DeMeo's "Three Little Kittens" birdhouse.
OLD LYME -- This is the month best known for goblins and ghosts, but, starting Saturday, Oct. 1, the Florence Griswold Museum is making it all about fairy tales, when the grounds and gardens of the museum become a fairyland of birdhouse creations conjured up by area artists.
Of Feathers and Fairy Tales: Enchanted Birdhouses, is the third version of the museum's annual turn-the-gardens-into-a-galley venture. More than 50 artists from four states have contributed birdhouses based on fairy tales that will make the 11 acres seem like an enchanted forest, with the iconic characters of favorite fairy tales all in one place.
There's a self-guided fairy tale trail where visitors will recognize such stories as "Jack and the Beanstalk," "The Princess and the Pea," "Three Billy Goats Gruff," "Snow White" and more.
Says Tammi Flynn, the museum's director of marketing, "This is the most artists we've ever had. We have new people as well as some who've done it before," noting that in the previous shows artists were asked to conjure up wee fairy villages and scarecrows.
Many of the artists love the chance to create outside their usual niches in what is just a plain fun event, which also provides a great way for families to spend a day together, as they follow the self-guided tour through the grounds.
"It was great fun for me to go outside my normal medium for this project," said pastel artist Laurel B. Friedmann of Old Saybrook, whose version of "The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse" contains little sculptures. "It was a joy to bring to life this classic tale that will be shared among generations."
Some of the artists opted to sit their birdhouses on poles, others are hanging and others nestle in trees.
There are also little fun treasure-hunt style games the museum has come up with for the kiddies,
"You are asked to find on the fairy tale trail certain things, such as for each birdhouse, you need to look for something, like Jack's last bean in the beanstalk ... something that makes the kids and their parents really examine each house," said Flynn.
"It's just a great outdoor activity at the beginning of fall when it's a nice thing to be outside. We have 11 acres and plenty of space." she added.
There are also expanded hours, too, adding the two Monday holidays to the normal schedule: 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Tuesdays-Saturdays and Columbus Day and Halloween and 11 a.m.-5 p.m. Sundays. The museum is located at 96 Lyme St. Admission is $14 adults, $13 seniors, $12 students, $5 for members and free for children 12 and under, which includes all exhibits indoors and out.
There are many special events planned in conjunction with "Of Feathers & Fairy Tales," such as daily storytelling, some with the artists, Teddy Bear and Goldilocks and the Tea Bears parties (Mondays), Rapunzel's Hair-Raising Wig Party (Oct. 17) a Halloween masked ball, as well as crafts, nature programs and much more. For more information, call 860-434-5542 or visit www.florencegriswoldmuseum.org.
IF YOU GO Of Feathers & Fairy Tales - Enchanted Birdhouses at the Florence Griswold Museum
When: Oct. 1-31; 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Tuesdays-Saturdays, 11 a.m.-5 p.m. Sundays and Columbus Day and Halloween
Where: Florence Griswold Museum, 96 Lyme St., Old Lyme
Admission: $14 adults, $13 seniors, $12 students, $5 for members, children under 12 free (includes all museum exhibits)
Info: 860-434-5542, wwwflorencegriswoldmuseum.org


This uses the Greenplum Database sorting code to produce the desired order, which is usually much faster than an index scan for disordered data. Then you drop the old table, use ALTER TABLE ... RENAME to rename newtable to the old name, and recreate the table's indexes. The big disadvantage of this approach is that it does not preserve OIDs, constraints, granted privileges, and other ancillary properties of the table — all such items must be manually recreated. Another disadvantage is that this way requires a sort temporary file about the same size as the table itself, so peak disk usage is about three times the table size instead of twice the table size.


text:
Nobodies: Modern American Slave Labor and the Dark Side of the New Global Economy
By John Bowe. <i>Random House. $25.95</i>.
"We buy Granny Smiths picked by slaves in New York and Washington State," writes John Bowe. "We buy paper from trees planted by workers who don't get paid."
Nobodies tells three close-to-the-bone stories of unpaid and forced labor on American soil—a zombie tale about a monster supposedly killed off 140 years ago with the ratification of the 14th Amendment. The first case is a Florida fruit-picking operation where Mexican immigrants are shunted to an out-of-the-way camp in the swamps and threatened with violence if they try to leave. Next, Bowe travels to Tulsa, Oklahoma, to tell the story of a team of welders brought from India on false promises and put to work in a metal shop. Finally, he investigates Saipan, the tiny Pacific protectorate that's exempt from American tariffs and located close to cheap Southeast Asian labor, making it a haven for sweatshops and prostitution.
In his character studies of the people involved in these cases, Bowe shows the emotional effects of modern slavery on both master and servant. "We couldn't endure it any longer," a former fruit picker explains. "Better to die trying to escape." The bosses, not surprisingly, see things differently. "Real slavery," says the owner of the Tulsa metal shop, "would be where you bring the guys in, you lock 'em up, you don't let 'em go anywhere…but you don't compensate 'em anything." This from a man who'd taken his workers' passports and paid them barely half the minimum wage.
The dramatic stories of lies and kidnapping, however, fail to explain why slavery still exists in modern America. We expect the victims' stories to end in grief, but even the slave owners don't prosper. If the stories here are typical, a slave economy, besides being repugnant, doesn't work so well.
Who Was Naive About Bernie Sanders Meeting the Sandinistas?
Jonathan M. Katz


A horizontal boring mill is an industrial machining tool use to create or enlarge the diameter of a pre-drilled or cast hole in large stock materials made of wood, metal, plastics, and more. Similar to the function of a lathe, the horizontal boring mill functions by turning either the stock or the tools. It is dedicated to interior shaping and excels with large and/or repetitive projects (unlike a lathe, which is primarily external though capable of internal boring on a small scale).
Machinery for boring has come a long way in its 250-year history. The horizontal orientation is used primarily for the big jobs. Large stock and parts, using a horizontal spindle, are turned parallel to the floor or work surface. This orientation makes the machinery and the turned part accessible to cranes and other lifting apparatuses for safe machining and transport.
Horizontal boring mills are available in table, planer, and floor types. Table boring mills are the most common, and are also called "universal" because of its versatility.
Select from our inventory of pre-owned horizontal boring mills.
At Kempler, we're looking to buy your surplus boring mill equipment. Sell used machinery to us and get cash for your used horizontal boring mills.


text:
Drug Abuse and Addiction Research: 25 Years of Discovery to Advance the Health of the Public
Research on the Nature and Extent of Drug Use in the United States
NIDA Research Priorities and Highlights
Appendix: Commonly Abused Drugs
NIDA. (1999, September 1). Drug Abuse and Addiction Research: 25 Years of Discovery to Advance the Health of the Public. Retrieved from https://archives.drugabuse.gov/publications/drug-abuse-addiction-research-25-years-discovery-to-advance-health-public
NIDA. "Drug Abuse and Addiction Research: 25 Years of Discovery to Advance the Health of the Public." National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1 Sep. 1999, https://archives.drugabuse.gov/publications/drug-abuse-addiction-research-25-years-discovery-to-advance-health-public.
NIDA. Drug Abuse and Addiction Research: 25 Years of Discovery to Advance the Health of the Public. National Institute on Drug Abuse website. https://archives.drugabuse.gov/publications/drug-abuse-addiction-research-25-years-discovery-to-advance-health-public. September 1, 1999.
press ctrl+c to copy
The Sixth Triennial Report to Congress from the Secretary of Health and Human Services
NIH Pub Number:
National Institute on Drug Abuse


text:
William Pilkington may refer to:

 Liam Pilkington (1894–1977), also known as William or Billy, served in the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence
 William Pilkington (architect) (1758–1848), English architect
 William Pilkington (cricketer) (1806–1832), English cricketer
 Harry Pilkington (William Henry Pilkington, 1905–1983), glass manufacturer
 Sir William Pilkington, 8th Baronet (1775–1850), of the Pilkington baronets
 Sir William Milborne-Swinnerton-Pilkington, 10th Baronet (1831–1855), of the Pilkington baronets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Italian and French Light Plane Engines
by Lucien Zacharoff
Compagnia Nazionale Aeronautica of Rome, the owner and operator of the famous Littorio Airport where a factory is maintained for building experimental airplanes and engines, has developed a four-cylinder engine designed for sports and training craft. The new power plant consists of two rows of two opposing cylinders each; it is rated at 60 hp.
The four-cylinder CNAD joins the same concern's family of engines. among the best known of which are the six-cylinder in-line type of 150 hp and a small two-cylinder opposed-type of 38 hp which weighs 42 kg empty.
Consisting of two halves, the crankcase has its lower part inverted underneath for cooling. Including the general lubrication, the oil capacity is sufficient for 25 hours in the air. An oil pump in front is provided with pressure-regulating apparatus.
Cooling rib and duralumin heads are to be found on the cylinders, each of which has one inlet and exhaust valve operated from overhead. The valve bar is worked by a camshaft located above the oil well and operated by spur wheels which are actuated by the crankshaft.
Crankshaft plain bearing is lubricated by pressure feed. There are two vertical ignition devices at the rear of the engine.
Carburetor connection is at the lowest part of the housing case. It is claimed that the carburetion tube is satisfactorily warmed because it runs through the oil well.
All oil pipes are inside the crankcase. Additional specifications include:
Bore — 100 mm
Stroke — 95 mm
Displacement — 2.98 liters
Compression ratio — 1 to 5.3.
Rated output at 2,100 rpm — 60 hp.
Fuel consumption per hp-hr — 255 g.
Oil consumption per hp-hr — l.5 g.
Empty weight — 82 kg.
News of another European engine for light planes reached this writer about the time of the collapse of France. Although the two-stroke AVA 4 A-00 received publicity before the outbreak of hostilities as one of a crop of light-plane engines produced by L'Agence General des Moteurs AVA of Paris, it did not become known until recently that certain exemplars have completed over 1,000 hours in the air without any important part requiring replacement.
The AVA 4 A-00 develops 25 hp at 2,250 rpm. Its total weight (including attachment sheets and the hub of the propeller) is 37 kg. It was mounted with an interior pipe in the two-seater Gaucher. The design is built under a license granted by M Violet who is known for his years of work in developing two-stroke engines. Since the sponsor of the engine is M Jean Aubry, known to have been associated for some time with firms dealing in light alloys, it is not surprising that the design features the use of austenitic cast iron, tisalium and nitrided steels.
An obvious effort to create something mechanically strong yet simple, this French engine is based on the principle that the "two-stroke" reduces the number of moving parts and makes possible a reduction in weight, even of the essential parts. In corroboration it is pointed out that even the crankshaft (of nitrided steel) is of one piece.
The four offset cast-iron cylinders of this air-cooled opposed type have a 70 mm bore and stroke; cylinder displacement is 1,080 cubic cm. With the rated output as stated above, the maximum is said to be 28 hp. at 2,800 rpm. An American source informs us that fuel consumption is .66 to .715 lb per hp-hr, and the weight 81.5 lb, with overall dimensions of 21.65 in in width and 21.36 in in length. Reverting to our French data, we are told that the ground-plan of the engine occupies an area of 55 sq cm.
A special gas distributor of the rotary type, driven at one-half engine speed through gears from the rear end of the crankshaft, feeds the mixture to the cylinders in proper sequence. The mixture is produced in an Amal carburetor bolted to the manifold at the bottom of the crankcase. The carburetor is furnished with air control. The patented features include transfer ports through which the mixture passes. This particular scheme of mixture control, it is claimed, obviated one of the principal difficulties of the two-cycle principle of operation; the consumption figures above are cited as partial proof.
Also acting as an oil pump, the gas distributor forces the lubricant to all bearings. The crankshaft is made in a single piece of nitrided steel and is supported between the two halves of the vertically split light alloy crankcase. The connecting rods have shanks of H section, with roller bearings supported at their split ends. Ignition is provided by two magnetos mounted crosswise in the plane of the cylinders at the rear.
What the status of this engine and of its production has been since the German march into France is not known. Before the war, A B Gibbons of London had been licensed to produce the AVA engines in Britain.
This article was originally published in the November, 1940, issue of Aviation magazine, vol 39, no 11, pp 68, 122, 126.
The original article includes a line-drawing cutaway of the AVA engine and a photo of the CNAD engine.
Drawing by J Gaudefroy for L'Aeronautique; photo is not credited.


Environmental systems can be realistically described by mathematical and numerical models of the system dynamics. These models can be used to predict the future behaviour of the system, provided that the initial states of the system are known. Complete data defining all of the states of a system at a specific time are, however, rarely available. Moreover, both the models and the available initial data contain inaccuracies and random noise that can lead to significant differences between the predicted states and the actual states of the system. In this case, observations of the system over time can be incorporated into the model equations to derive "improved" estimates of the states and also to provide information about the "uncertainty" in the estimates.
Griffith, A.K., 1997. Data Assimilation for Numerical Weather Prediction Using Control Theory, The University of Reading, Department of Mathematics, PhD Thesis. http://www.reading.ac.uk/maths/research/maths-phdtheses.asp#1997.
Katz, D., 2007. The application of PV-based control variable transformations in variational data assimilation, PhD Thesis, Department of Mathematics, University of Reading. http://www.reading.ac.uk/maths/research/maths-phdtheses.asp#2007.
Martin, M.J., 2001. Data Assimilation in Ocean Circulation Models with Systematic Errors, The University of Reading, Department of Mathematics, PhD Thesis. http://www.reading.ac.uk/maths/research/maths-phdtheses.asp#2001.


Sawasdee ka, explorers! It's late in the evening, the air is hot and humid, and I've just arrived in a place over 8,000 miles from New York City – the city in which I live. 8,000 miles! That's one-third of the Earth's circumference!
Hi there, my name is Tati and I'm your guide through Thailand. Although a relatively small country, its climate and landscape is very diverse. In Chiang Mai, in the north, you'll find the country's highest mountain range, rice paddy fields, and even rain forests. In Phuket, in the south, you'll find long stretches of white-sand beaches and lush tropical trees.
My first stop is Bangkok the country's capital and largest city. With over 1,000 skyscrapers, it's an extremely modern city. Neon signs above light up the sky. Below, a series of canals, known as khlongs, run through this bustling metropolis. These waterways were the main form of transportation before modern buses and buzzing tuk-tuk taxis invaded the city streets.
In my jet-lagged state, I arrive at the hotel to a chorus of "sawasdee ka." I'm excited to explore Bangkok!


We have a variety of training guns and knives that will allow you to safely train without endangering students or anyone in the area. These rubber training guns and knives are totally inert, have no moving parts and cannot be made to fire. Except for one black model they are all med of rubber/plastic materials that are colored in blue, yellow, orange, green to ensure you know they are safe and cannot be made to look like a real firearm or pistol. We have generic products that are very inexpensive yet durable to handle hard training. We also have red, orange, blue and green guns from major manufacturers that you are familiar with like Blackhawk, Cold Steel , ASP and Rings. Rings models include:"FSG 17" "FSG 19" "FSG19 Gen4" "FSG 26" "FSG 30" "FSXD9101 Springfield" "FSP229R Sig" "FSB92F Beretta"


The Forever Flawless PINK DIAMOND Collection is scientifically developed to deliver the most advanced age-defying results in the luxury skin care market by boosting natural collagen production. Forever Flawless Collagen Serum is infused with extra-fine diamond powder, marine collagen, and soothing botanicals. This collagen serum rejuvenates your skin by repairing damaged skin tissue, increasing collagen production, and protecting the skin from free radicals. Regular use of this collagen serum will result in a younger, firmer, and more elastic skin while preventing further signs of aging. For best results, follow with Forever Flawless Diamond Infused Collagen Boosting Cream.
Directions For Use Apply to clean face and neck, massaging gently until fully absorbed. Use daily.


text:
Home LETTURE Conscientious and Conscience. A Comment about Political Culture
Conscientious and Conscience. A Comment about Political Culture
By Anno Hellenbroich In societies which have a strong craft tradition, the word "conscientious" means a lot: Those who work for example in the bakery trade or in mechanical engineering, are proud if the product is not only well done, but also created conscientiously. It implies that the work was carried out in accordance with all the rules of the art, carefully, forward looking and economically. Of course, "conscientious" also refers to services and in the broadest sense also to the action of individuals in politics, science, administration or journalism. It is clear that from a doctor, a surgeon or gynecologist, one expects a conscientious work. But in many professions this behavior is not any more specifically encouraged. Most of the time everything has to go fast, distractions happen more often (for example the use of the mobile phone while driving a car) and corrupt tendencies are increasing. The courts have more and more work for dealing with such cases. The consequences can be terrible, even catastrophic. "Irresponsible" is the mildest form of condemning unscrupulous "not conscientious" behavior. In difficult cases, the individual often decides according to his "conscience", how he should behave in professional, private or public life. So what can conscience do, or what is "conscience"? In different cultures one speaks of conscience as "the inner voice" that tells you what is good and what is bad. Others speak of an "internal court of justice" in which, first and foremost, the pros and cons are discussed in one's own mind, until a decision or action is taken. It turns out that in many countries, in the US or Europe, or in South America, societies are increasingly losing the compass for a civilized coexistence. Violence and hatred, intolerance and even warlike conflicts are the order of the day. There are many examples in history that show how individuals, guided by their own decisions of conscience, have faced mass hysteria, often at the expense of their lives. Some are later celebrated as heroes in history books. The example of the members of the German resistance group "Weiße Rose" against the Nazi rule has become known worldwide: the students Hans and Sophie Scholl and others, who were executed for a leaflet against the regime in 1943. Or the writer of this leaflet, musicologist and philosopher Professor Kurt Huber, who stated in his defense that "the return to clear moral principles, to the rule of law, to mutual trust from person to person, (…) is not illegal, but the reverse—it restores legality." In his defense speech before the Nazi-Court "Volksgerichtshof", Kurt Huber denounced the National Socialist system of rule: "There is no more terrible verdict on a national community than the admission that we all have to make, that no one feels secure from his neighbor, the father no longer feels secure from his sons." The members of the "Weiße Rose" attended Huber's lecture "Leibniz and his time," in which he emphasized the responsibility of intellectuals as citizens. Students who were returning from the front line of the war had informed Kurt Huber about the mass murders in Poland and the Soviet Union. Since summer 1942, he also meets privately with the core of the "Weiße Rose". He decides to actively support their resistance work and writes the last leaflet with which Sophie and Hans Scholl are finally caught. Huber was also executed in 1943. Only in the historical distance the meaning of the drama which unfolded as result of Kurt Huber's action,- an action guided by a decision based on his conscience and shaped by his Christian faith that led to his death by the Nazi executioner- can be fully grasped. Today, conscience must be sharpened, because during the maturation of a personality, it is not "automatically" the case that conscience is being listened to – even if in all human beings there is an "inner authority" for "good and bad". But if the individual during adolescence is getting brutalized, this "throbbing of conscience" is often ignored. Professor Ratzinger has made many contributions concerning the question of "conscience", even in his time as Pope Benedict XVI. On July 27, 2007 Benedict XVI met with the clergy of the dioceses of Belluno-Feltre and Treviso. One of the priests asked the Pope about the formation of conscience: "Holiness, I am Don Claudio. I would like to ask you a question about the formation of conscience, especially with regard to the younger generations, because today it seems to be increasingly difficult to develop a consistent, sincere conscience. Good and bad are confused with 'feeling good' and 'feeling bad', with the emotional aspect. I would like to ask you for your advice. Thank you." The Pope responded by pointing out what conscience means and what that capacity and readiness to listen to the inner voice of man – being created in the image of God – really means: "This question reveals a problem that exists in the culture of the West, given the fact that the concept of conscience has profoundly changed in the last two centuries." In a period where religion and morality have been completely banished from the usual public intellectual debate and merely reduced to the "subjective" of the individual, and where in the name of "liberality" they are publically being opposed, the Pope emphasized the unique role of "conscience" in the Christian sense of "informed knowledge". The subjective conscience alone is not sufficient. "Today, the idea prevails that only that is reasonable, is part of reason, which is quantifiable. The other thing is that religion and morality do not belong to common reason because they are not verifiable or, as is said, cannot be experimentally refuted. In such a situation, where morality and religion are excluded from reason, the only definitive standard of morality and of religion is the individual subject, the subjective conscience, which knows no other authorities. In the final analysis it is only the subject that decides on the basis of his emotions, experiences and some eventual standards. But that way the subject becomes an isolated reality, and so, as you said, the parameters change from day to day." Pope Benedict contrasted this with his own convictions guided by a Christian point of view: "Conscience following the Christian tradition, means 'informed knowledge' (Mit-Wissen): We are open, our being (existence) is open, it can hear the voice of Being (essence) itself, the voice of God. The voice of great values is thus inscribed in our being, and the greatness of man is precisely that he is not closed in himself, that he cannot be reduced to the material, the quantifiable things. But with his innermost being he is open to the essentials, capable to listen and hear." From this Pope Benedict concludes: "I would therefore say that a first step is to make the human individual conscious about the fact, that our being (existence) itself carries a moral message, a divine message that needs to be deciphered and that we are getting to know better and better, to hear better, if our inner capacity to listen is opened up and unfolded. … Given the situation we are in, I would suggest to establish a link between a laic and a religious path, the path of faith …. "Not only do we have to care for the earth, but we have to respect the other – the others, the other in his uniqueness as a person. This is true in respect to my neighbor as well as in respect to the others who live on earth as a community and who have to live together. And hence we can see that things will only continue if we have absolute respect for the living creature of God, the human being which is created in the image of God, and if we respect living together on earth. And here we arrive at the point where we do need the great experiences of mankind." A decision of conscience, as the Pope argued, depends not only on the parameters of the "subjective" personal conscience, but on the "knowledge" of the "great experiences of mankind": "These experiences arose from the encounter with the other, with the community: the experience that human freedom is always a shared freedom and that it can only function if we share our freedoms while respecting the values that we all have in common. It seems to me that by taking these steps we can make clear the need to obey the voice of being, to obey the dignity of others, to obey the need to live together our freedoms as 'one' freedom. Thus one can recognize the value what it means to make a dignified cohabitation possible among human beings. That way we get to the great experiences of mankind, as I said before." Given the polarization of people in great nations such as the USA or Brazil, these reminders of Ratzinger which he expressed more than 10 years ago, are characterized by a remarkable clarity. They may be able to do contribute more in clearing up the momentary confusion among the people than pompous announcements or the arbitrary use of force.]]>
Kurt Huber
Volksgericht
Weisse Rose
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Spend a day in Slovakia with Richard Varga AKA 'The Fish' (because he is considered the fastest swimmer among triathletes). At HUUB, our athletes are also our friends – we are not only there to celebrate their achievements, but we're also there every step of the way. There's no better way to get to know someone properly than spending some time where they live experiencing their day to day life.


text:
Wayne Township is a township in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,369 at the time of the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 49.8 square miles (129.0 km2), of which 49.1 square miles (127.1 km2) is land and 0.8 square mile (1.9 km2) (1.51%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,414 people, 944 households, and 708 families residing in the township.

The population density was 49.2 people per square mile (19.0/km2). There were 1,230 housing units at an average density of 25.1/sq mi (9.7/km2).

The racial makeup of the township was 99.21% White, 0.33% African American, 0.08% Asian, 0.25% from other races, and 0.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 944 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of eighteen living with them; 62.2% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was sixty-five years of age or older.

The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the township the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of eighteen, 6.9% from eighteen to twenty-four, 27.2% from twenty-five to forty-four, 26.1% from forty-five to sixty-four, and 16.7% who were sixty-five years of age or older. The median age was forty years.

For every one hundred females, there were 96.1 males. For every one hundred females who were aged eighteen or older, there were 95.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $37,695. Males had a median income of $29,800 compared with that of $19,214 for females.

The per capita income for the township was $15,537.

Roughly 9.0% of families and 11.7% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those who were under the age of eighteen and 15.8% of those who were aged sixty-five or older.

Notable person
James Holliday, lawyer

References

Populated places established in 1755
Townships in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania
Townships in Pennsylvania


text:
Q: Xcode Instruments Attach to process I have problem with Instruments in XCode.
I need to do so, because when you download a lot of operations and my computer can not handle and Instruments hang.
I need run application. As usual, and then connect to an already running tools. I'm trying to do so

But it's don't work. Instruments show not information about my running app
Thank you

A: For others with a newer version of Instruments:
To me the only way to attach to a process without starting it was to select All Processes and start profiling. Then unfold the data for your app afterwatch.

A: You need select the name of the process which has a similar name, the name of your application


text:
package com.rehivetech.beeeon.model.entity;

/**
 * @author mlyko
 * @since 02.06.2016
 */
public interface IIdentifier {
	Long getId();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Brazil generally has few operators, and those that exist offer very poor service and fail to cover the entire population. As such, Internet access continues to present a challenge to the full exercise of freedom of expression.
In 2012, Artículo 19 launched the publication "Access to the Waves: Principles of Freedom of Expression and Regulation of Broadcasting" The authors discuss the possibility of state regulation of the electromagnetic spectrum in order to encourage plurality and the diversity of the media, ideas and opinions. The challenges addressed include the commercial interests and the public interest as well as the boundary between the management of the public interest and government control. Nearly 15 years later, in a context of digital convergence, it becomes necessary to reflect on how current the concepts used during that period are. What is the new definition of the media? Is regulation still necessary in a context in which it is said that there is an abundance of media content? How should the impact of the dominant platforms on plurality and diversity be addressed? There are many questions and few simple and objective answers.
In practice, we observe the continuation of the concentration of broadcasting media in Latin America and the concentration of the Internet access market. In Brazil, for example, the operator Oi, which had a large segment of the telecom market –including as an Internet provider- requested a judicial liquidation of 65.4 billion reales (around US$20.2 billion) in June 2016. The trend is for the part of the market that was held by Oi to be absorbed solely by giants Claro and Telefónica. The latter purchased GVT, one of the few large Internet providers that did not yet belong to a major conglomerate active in Brazil, that same year. GVT belonged to the French media group Vivendi, which traded GVT for a share of Telefónica Brasil and Telecom Italia. Brazil generally has few operators, and those that exist offer very poor service and fail to cover the entire population. As such, Internet access continues to present a challenge to the full exercise of freedom of expression.
According to the latest Home ICTs study (TIC Domicilios), in 2015, only 51% of Brazilian households had Internet access. In rural areas, 78% of households do not have Internet access. In 76% of households with family income at or below the minimum wage, there is no connection. Even in regions with greater Internet penetration, the access speeds offered are still limited. In the southeast, where the speed indicator performs best, the bandwidth speed ranges of 10 to 20 Mbps, is only used by 12% of people (TIC Domicilios, 2015). Regional inequality is also significant in Brazil. The service offering is still fairly unequal among Brazilian regions and it is notable that over half of the population in the northern region (53%) has no access and their access speed is the lowest in the nation. In addition, only 2% of users have speed of over 10 Mbps (Tic Domicilios, 2015).
When the Facebook connectivity initiative Free Basics (previously called Internet.org) was announced, civil society organizations again reflected on the best model for connecting the poorest members of society given that the business proposal would initially bring serious limitations of effective access to the Internet, potentially violating the principle of net neutrality and resulting in strong anti-competition effects in the long-term.
Brazil only has specific government policies designed to promote digital inclusion. For a long time, one of the main efforts with these characteristics were telecenters, which even had some government support from various spheres with the most varied possibilities and limitations. In this context, self-managed and community practices are justified and legitimate as means of addressing the digital divide beyond the search for regulations and interventions by the public order. Internet service providers play a fundamental role in the increase in access to the Internet, expanding digital inclusion and critical Internet infrastructure. Over the past few years, the discussion of the use of the electromagnetic spectrum1 for digital inclusion has taken on more strength and importance.
One alternative for digital inclusion that has been tested in some Brazilian communities is the use of the spectrum to create self-managed networks. This is a non-elitist, open, decentralized infrastructure that can be managed by the users. It is what we call a community provider model. This connection model is not based on a simple provision of Internet access, but also provides the community in which it is introduced with social interactions around technology such as those that telecenters and Internet cafés tend to provide.
This model helps local development by making an Internet signal available for diverse social purposes. It allows for the dissemination of ideas, cultural and political manifestations, social habits, access to education and training and digital inclusion in both urban centers and rural areas. In addition to Internet access, the provider allows for the creation of an internal network that can promote local services. The community will be able to create a virtual space in which it can share information and create applications that can only be accessed by community network users. This type of tool can strengthen community ties and activate local life.
The community provider can serve as the main channel for communications and dissemination of local activities. The creation of a provider presents endless opportunities depending only on the use that each community makes of the technology. The internal network can have exchange services among residents, encourage the sharing economy and promote social and political organization.
Community providers represent just one tool. The community decides how to use it. As such, it is a liberating alternative and one that is important for confronting the market concentration in Internet access that has emerged in Latin America. It should be promoted and examined by public servants, academics and activists as an important and legitimate alternative option to the connectivity model.
*Laura Tresca is Master in social communication and journalist by Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (UMESP), member of National Observatory on Digital Inclusion (ONID, was National Coordinator of Communication of Rede Casa Brasil of Digital Inclusion for Federal Government. Currently is Program Officer of freedom expression in Article 19 in Brazil.
1 The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete interval of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. It is the air space through which data travel. This interval also contains the frequency band used for Internet access in remote locations, also known as Internet via radio.


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Who need's to be included more?
Are there any Characters in the Sonic series you'd like to see more of in the games?
Or are there any characters you think need better rolls in the story?
I would personally like to see more of Silver, Blaze, Team Chaotix and Metal Sonic.
I think Tails and Knuckles need better rolls too.
With Team Chaotix, does that include the squirrel and the armadillo as well? 'cause I'd like to see more of all of those guys.
We need more from Omega. As far as I know, he's only been in one game.
We also need to see more of Rouge as a good guy (in Sonic X she works with the police, for example).
And that scamming weasel person... can't for the life of me remember his name... He should have more roles and perhaps some better ones (ie: a LEGITAMITE storeholder).
Also, Marine (is that her name?) from Sonic Rush Adventure and the echidna from Dark Brotherhood - not to mention Tikal - need more appearances.
Ray and Mighty? Yeah, it would be nice to see them again.
Omega was in Sonic 06.
You mean Nack the Weasel? Or Fang the Sniper as he's also known.
I agree that Silver need's his own game too, with Blaze of course.
Okay, fair cop. I haven't played '06, so I had no clue.
You know who else needs to appear more? The Sonic Underground crew. You know, Sonia, Manic, Sonic (with his chilli dog craving XD), Robotnik, that wolf and that dingo thing.
Indeed, that goes without saying.
I've always thought it would be best if Silver & Blaze had seperate games that could be combined, like Sonic3 & Knuckles.
Say "Silver the Hedgehog" as a DS game & "Blaze the Cat" as a Gameboy Advance game, which can combine once you put them both in a DS, to make "Silver&Blaze; Fated Intwine."
Does anyone mind of I make a fanfic of said game concept..?
Anyway, on topic; Tikal the Echidna is rather missing in my opinion, same with Mighty the Armadillo & Honey the Cat.
Though Honey never technically appeared (unless you hack "Sonic the Fighters"), she's still technically a canon character, & seems missing as such.
Tails NEEDS a Spin-off. Would could go wrong? Instead of rings, collect Screws!
Maybe Chaos 0? I mean, the only time I've ever played as him is in Sonic Adventure 2 Battle 2-Player and Sonic Battle for the GBA.
It's really unlikely she'll appear anytime soon though.
Anyway, I think Mephiles should appear again, he's a great villan. He's really evil. unfortunatly due to the storyline in Sonic 06 he doesn't exist anymore.
She's perfect fanfic material, whether included in games or not.
I know it kinda doesn't count, but it kinda does, ne?
I can't complain that Tails needs to be in more games, hes in quite a few. But he just needs to be included more, not just a fox flying beside Sonic's backside.
Subject: Re: Who need's to be included more?


text:
Jade's trolls told her to 'make a sandwich'. So she did, at the South Pole
By Melissa Singer
Updated January 30, 2018 — 3.58pm first published at 9.51am
On Wednesday morning, 16-year-old Jade Hameister will don her school uniform and start year 11 like tens of thousands of other students across Australia.
But when it comes to sharing their summer holiday stories, Jade is probably the only one of her peers who can boast a case of frostnip and skiing to the South Pole among her achievements.
On January 10, Jade, a student at Melbourne's Haileybury College, became the youngest person to achieve a polar hat-trick, having reached both the North and South poles as well as crossing Greenland.
She's also the first Australian woman to ski to the South Pole unassisted and unsupported.
Teenage adventurer Jade Hameister at the South Pole with the sandwich she made to respond to her online trolls.
Although she completed the feats with her father, Paul Hameister, and a support crew by her side, Jade said there were long stretches skiing in single file, with only her thoughts for company, especially after her music stopped working on the ninth day of their most recent 37-day trek.
"I enjoy [the solitude], it's something you don't get at home. A lot of the time I am trying to zone out. It's not easy but when you know how to do it you go to another place," she told Fairfax Media on Tuesday.
Jade's adventurers have also made her into something of an overnight young feminist role model.
In 2016, after her trek to the North Pole, Jade gave a TEDX Talk, after which some (assumedly male) trolls commented she should "make me a sandwich", a common sexist insult used against high-achieving women.
Jade Hameister on her South Pole trek, which she completed on January 10, 2018.
On her South Pole trek this summer, Jade said she and her team joked about actually making a sandwich, and, in the spur of the moment, she did just that.
"Tonight (it never gets dark this time of year) I skied back to the Pole again... to take this photo for all those men who commented, 'Make me a sandwich', on my TEDX Talk. I made you a sandwich (ham & cheese), now ski 37 days and 600km to the South Pole and you can eat it xx," she wrote on her social media pages with a photo of the sandwich.
Jade Hameister: 'I enjoy [the solitude], it's something you don't get at home. A lot of the time I am trying to zone out.'
Little did Jade realise the act would become such a huge part of her story. The post went viral after it was liked and shared by thousands of people and has been picked up by media worldwide.
"I didn't think it was going to be as big as it has. I took the photo for me, our group had been talking about it as a joke. I only read those comments on my TEDX talk a couple of weeks before I left. They don't piss me off they motivate me. It's something I wanted to show everyone," she said on Tuesday.
Although Jade didn't set out to become a feminist leader, she's enjoying the opportunities her profile is giving her to spread a message of "bravery not perfection", especially to young people.
"It feels really good ... To now be where I am and have a lot of young girls know who I am and what I'm doing is where I want to be. To inspire them to chase a dream they want to chase," she said.
On her website, she also writes: "Instead of focusing on how young women look, [I want] to shift the focus to what our bodies and minds can do and discover the incredible possibilities that we are capable of contributing to this world."
With years 11 and 12 ahead of her, Jade said she's unsure what she'd like to do after school but her adventures have given her a thirst for knowledge about climate change. She also has a book about her adventures in the works.
Jade said she experienced the effects of global warming first hand, including two weeks of delays before her North Pole trip – ice breaking up meant their plane couldn't land – and "really warm weather" in Greenland.
"I feel like I am one of the only people from my generation to have had these experiences. I'm not an expert but I'm learning as much as I can," she said.
Jade, who trekked to Everest Base Camp at age 12, said adventuring is in her blood – her father has conquered the seven summits and her 14-year-old brother, an animal lover, did a stint last year in the Amazon jungle and is returning this year for more.
"Mum comes on a few family adventures. She doesn't like the cold or the jungle ... but she's super supportive. She doesn't sleep much [when we're away]," Jade said.
And on travelling with her father for weeks in the wilderness? "The last trip we had our moments in the tent. It's tough being stuck with anyone let alone your dad for 37 days but it made us closer. We've had that experience that no one else has had," she said.
Melissa Singer
Melissa Singer is National Fashion Editor of The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age.
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The Clergy of the Northeast of the American Diocese held its annual retreat at St. George Malankara Orthodox Church of Staten Island. After morning prayers led by Metropolitans Mathews Mar Barnabas and Zachariah Mar Nicholovos, Rev. Fr. Alex K. Joy, Vicar of the host parish welcomed the Very Reverend and Reverend Chor Episcopoi, Priest, Deacons and Seminarian and Kochammas.
His Grace Zachariah Mar Nicholovos offered the introductory remarks followed by the retreat message by Rev. Fr. Philip C. Abraham, Vicar of St. Gregorios Orthodox Church of Bronx, New York. Following Achen's message, the Diocesan Metropolitan, His Grace Mathews Mar Barnabas offered closing remarks followed by noon prayer. The retreat came to close with holy confession and a luncheon prepared by the host parish.
The Metropolitans and Clergy Association Secretary, Very Rev. Dr. Yohannan Sankarathil Chor Episcopos offered their sincere gratitude for the hard work of the vicar and members of the host parish.
As announced at the clergy retreat, the Annual Clergy Conference will be held from Thursday, September 30, 2010, to Saturday, October 2, 2010 at the new diocesan center in Muttontown. More details to follow as the conference approaches.