text:
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Wagner, R., The Invention of Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981 [1975]).
Waterton, E., and L. Smith, 'The Recognition and Misrecognition of Community Heritage', International Journal of Heritage Studies, 16.1–2 (2010): 4–15.
Watson, S., and E. Waterton, 'Heritage and Community Engagement', International Journal of Heritage Studies, 16.1–2 (2010): 1–3.
Williams, P., Memorial Museums: The Global Rush to Commemorate Atrocities (Oxford: Berg, 2007).
Wise, N., 'Making Visible', Iris, 97 (2006): 75–82.
Wulff. J., Da Guinea var dansk – Breve og dagbogsoptegnelser fra Guldkysten 1836-1842 (Copenhagen: Nyt Nordisk Forlag, Krohns Bogtrykkeri, 1917 [1836-1842]).
Yirenkyi, G., 'The Story Behind the Sesemi Museum', Ghanaian Times, 13 November 2007.
An Anthropology of Common Ground
Awkward Encounters in Heritage Work
Nathalia Brichet
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3 • Altering Heritage Through Mimesis
4 • Valuing Heritage Through the Fetish
5 • Qualifying Heritage Through Postcolonial Moments
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Changes settings for a Configuration Manager baseline deployment.
The Set-CMBaselineDeployment cmdlet changes settings for a Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager baseline configuration deployment. A baseline defines the configuration of a product or system established at a specific time. Baselines contain a defined set of required configurations and associated rules. System Center Configuration Manager assigns baselines to computer in collections, together with a compliance evaluation schedule.
Use the baseline and the name of a collection to specify a deployment to modify. You can specify a baseline by its name or ID, or use the Get-CMBaseline cmdlet to get a baseline object.
You can use the Start-CMBaselineDeployment cmdlet to begin a deployment.
This command changes a deployment for the baseline named Baseline 2012 for a collection named All Computers. This command sets the GenerateAlert parameter to $False.
This command changes a deployment for the baseline named Baseline A3 for a collection named TSQA Computers. The command specifies values for generation of alerts and Operations Manager monitoring. It also includes as a parameter value and postpone date and time.
Specifies the ID of a baseline.
Specifies the name of a baseline.
Specifies the name of a collection. The deployment applies to this collection.
Specifies whether to enable enforcement for the baseline. During enforcement, a client reports compliance information about the configurations in a baseline.
Specifies whether Configuration Manager generates alerts during the deployment.
Specifies whether to apply System Center 2016 - Operations Manager monitoring criteria during the deployment.
Specifies whether to override service windows while deploying policies. Service windows are periods of time allocated for maintenance.
Specifies an integer value. This is the parameter value.
Specifies a CMSchedule object. The schedule specifies when the maintenance window occurs. To create a CMSchedule object, use the New-CMSchedule cmdlet.


 NATO Review - Bosnia: a new model army?
Bosnia's armed forces are now seen as genuine security providers - and far from a security threat. How did this happen?
Ensuring Bosnia's armed forces were overhauled was an urgent need after the country's conflict. Despite several obstacles, it succeeded beyond expectations. Here, some who were at the heart of the change explain why it went so well.
in almost tearing Bosnia and Herzegovina apart in the war in 1990s.
to create an armed force for the new country.
This meant bringing together soldiers who had recently been fighting each other.
but it was, according to international people and local people alike, a success.
I think it went further than we believed it could have gone.
I would totally agree that it was the biggest breakthrough since the Dayton Agreement.
Defence reform has gone a hell of a long way.
So far it is a very successful story, no doubt.
both made by local leaders as well as the international community in the country.
just getting previously warring soldiers to work together.
the Bosnian soldiers now serve as peacekeepers in places such as Iraq and Congo.
eventually turned into a single joint military in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
And that's actually a huge advance.
It's also it's a professionalization of the military, massive downsizing.
Republic of Srpska and the Bosnian-Croat Federation, would be abolished.
at least to the extent we can have one in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
And we were able to do that.
given to us both by NATO and by the high representative.
The result is joint armed forces. But the key word is "joint" not "united".
similar to the one used in UK and Canada.
The file structures of the armed forces here will reflect the final political structures here.
because we have a joint country rather a united country.
The current level of the integration of the armed forces is as far as we can go at the moment.
I mean, the armed forces do operate basically as one single armed force.
which was tasked with bring about the necessary changes, tackle this task?
and that was the practical challenge that we had in the beginning.
because, at that time, the political forces in this country were very amenable.
They understood the importance to the country of this process.
to include the high representative, the OSCE, and NATO itself.
We developed the concept for defence reform with our local partners.
This is not something we came with a model and told them this is the way it should be.
whereby the people themselves in this country could buy into it.
Without that sense of local ownership, we would never have been successful.
and then to explain how their interests can be met through reforms.
The journey brought about some low points.
Well, there were a couple of little points. One was getting pneumonia.
I would say NATO's own failure to recognize its biggest success here.
the agreement that ended the army that committed the genocide of Srebrenica.
that they missed the biggest story about the future of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bosniac and Croat politicians, about what the regimental system was.
And I saw that as sort of the high point.
Defence reform has completely changed the image of soldiers in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
For example, the armed forces recently advertised for the first time for new soldiers.
For the 300 entry-level posts available over 3,000 applications were received.
Around half of the applicants had university degrees.
Those are people who know they're joining a multi-ethnic army.
There's no dilemma about this.
And I mentioned also how they're applying for jobs on the other side.
in a way that we have not seen with other major reforms.
who would find themselves out of a job.
designed to help them make a transition to new skills and jobs.
that they would need to become productive members of civil society.
were necessarily the best course of action.
far exceeds the actual defence budget by two or three times at least.
or putting into work in terms of building infrastructure nothing like that.
after the passage of this law by about 40-50 thousand.
than actually there were at the end of the war itself.
"What is the biggest security threat to the country now?"
I'll say something that might be surprising to many people.
for the future lies in its education system.
so a lot of people have actually completed education in segregated schools.
And we still have segregated schooling.
you're actually building up problems for the future.
either to protect Bosnia and Herzegovina or to basically undo Bosnia and Herzegovina.
they would lead to anything like the conflict of the past in Bosnia.
You don't have it. No "engine" for a new war here.
There's always a potential for new conflicts, smaller ones.
Every successful story is important for social cohesion and for integration of society.
And in that way, I think that this process is very positive for integration.
and in a sense also directed at them.
that Bosnia is ready to join international organizations?
and Minister of Defence in this country, they'd be in NATO by next year.
We all realize it will take longer than that.
and hopefully be invited to join NATO as soon as it is politically possible.
NATO membership is supported by the majority of the population.
approval of the Membership Action Plan next year or in 2010.
That's moving along a pretty good clip compared to other countries in the region.
For some, this cannot come quickly enough.
As a kind of young man, I'm impatient.
I don't want to be part of the European Union or NATO when I'm a pensioner.
I'd like to enjoy the EU and NATO a bit earlier.
The armed forces have come a long way since the first days of defence reform.
or it's going to go back into the divided armies.
that issue is going to, at least to my feeling, rise more and more.
as well as international officials... is complete demilitarisation of the country.
as long as there are standing armies in the neighbouring countries.
from its past and towards a brighter future.
they today proudly wear the same uniform.
for the future of Bosnia and Herzegovina.


text:
Playing time might be an issue, as the 27-year-old lefty could easily fall into a platoon with Albert Pujols, but Walsh had a mini breakout last year, clubbing nine homers in 32 games.
By that time, Arsenal were already 2 behind and staring defeat in the face with Dani Ceballos having been sent off for picking up two yellow cards.
At the current time, it is not possible to opt-out of analytics tracking tools in respect of theScore's Apps.
MS: Absolutely.
Cabrera made the situation worse when he hit the next batter, Didi Gregorius, with a 95 mph fastball in the ribs.
This could be the season that he finally turns things around.
It came down to the last possession, so it's going to take whatever Custom Authentic Football Jersey took out there to go there and get a win.
While Rhinehart was acquired by the Prince George Cougars half-way through his second season in the WHL, he left big shoes for Guhle and Allan to fill during their rookie Cheap Custom Split Baseball Jerseys I Custom T-shirts him.
The Jaguars appear to be doing just that.
1.The Jaguars offensive line didn't appear to have its' best day in Denver.
Only 18 years old, Sutherland has had an incredible rise up the ranks of Australian Cricket.
There are many good movies that have been made about chess.
Lukaku's Inter sealed the 'Scudetto' for the 19th time after nearest rivals Atalanta were held 1 at Sassuolo.
Every single fight has ended in a knockout thus far.
And with that brutal knockout, the attention immediately turned to a highly anticipated showdown with WBC champion Tyson Fury to determine who is the undisputed king of the heavyweights.
John: Thank you.
But now I can feel stuff, little things like that, or be like, 'That wasn't a good block.
With one of their fifth-round picks, the Jets selected Duke cornerback …
His athleticism, speed and strength have stood out, but can Uche show any early-down potential?
Badosa had been the only opponent to defeat Barty since February.
He was the first Japanese-born player to debut in the NBA, playing for the Phoenix Suns back in 2004, but maybe it took other Japanese players some time to fully realize where his example could lead them, starting by rekindling their passion for the game.
I got to do a better job and collectively as a staff and a team, we've got to perform better than this.
Tampa Bay wasdeciding between defensive end Booker Reese and guard Sean Farrell for 17th overall pick.

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Anaktuvuk Pass ist eine Stadt und ein Gebirgspass im North Slope Borough in Alaska in den Vereinigten Staaten. Das U.S. Census Bureau hat bei der Volkszählung 2020 eine Einwohnerzahl von 425 ermittelt.

Geografie
Anaktuvuk Pass liegt zwischen dem Anaktuvuk River und dem John River im Gates-of-the-Arctic-Nationalpark im Zentrum der Brookskette (). In der Gegend herrscht ein kontinentales Klima mit höhenbedingt kalten Sommern.

Geschichte
Das Gebiet wurde von dem Eskimo-Stamm der Nunamiut besiedelt, die in den 1920er-Jahren nach dem durch den Einfluss der westlichen Zivilisation hervorgerufenen kulturellen Wandel die Brookskette verließen. 1938 kehrten jedoch mehrere Nunamiut-Familien von der Küste in die Berge der Brookskette zurück. Die Siedlung fand bald Anklang bei vielen anderen Nunamiut, die sich in der Gegend niederließen. 1959 wurde Anaktuvuk Pass als City inkorporiert. Eine Kirche der Presbyterianer wurde 1966 gebaut.

Demografie
Zum Zeitpunkt der Volkszählung im Jahre 2000 (U.S. Census 2000) hatte Anaktuvuk Pass 282 Einwohner auf einer Landfläche von 12,4 km². Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 25,7 Jahre (nationaler Durchschnitt der USA: 35,3 Jahre). Das Pro-Kopf-Einkommen (engl. per capita income) lag bei US-Dollar 15.283 (nationaler Durchschnitt der USA: US-Dollar 21.587). 4,4 % der Einwohner lagen mit ihrem Einkommen unter der Armutsgrenze (nationaler Durchschnitt der USA: 12,4 %). 88,3 % der Einwohner von Anaktuvuk Pass sind Nachkommen der Ureinwohner Alaskas, die in dem bundesweit anerkannten Indianerreservat Village of Anaktuvuk Pass leben.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
Bedingt durch die Isolation des Gebietes gibt es nur wenig Arbeitsmöglichkeiten in Anaktuvuk Pass. Die Einwohner ernähren sich hauptsächlich von Karibu-Fleisch und stellen traditionelle Karibu-Hautmasken oder Karibu-Kleidung her. Einige Einwohner gehen außerhalb der Stadt saisonaler Arbeit nach. In Anaktuvuk Pass befindet sich ein bekannter Flughafen, der Anaktuvuk Pass Airport, der die ganzjährige Erreichbarkeit der Stadt auf dem Luftweg sicherstellt. Auf einer öffentlichen Straße ist Anaktuvuk Pass nicht zu erreichen. Für den lokalen Transport werden Schneemobile genutzt.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Statistiken über Anaktuvuk Pass bei city-data.com (englisch)

Weiterführende Literatur
 Cline, Michael S. Tannik School: The Impact of Education on the Eskimos of Anaktuvuk Pass. Anchorage: Alaska Methodist University Press, 1975. (englisch)
 Gubser, Nicholas J. The Nunamiut Eskimos, Hunters of Caribou. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965. (englisch)

Brookskette

Gegründet 1949

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Published by Acha Leke and Mutsa Chironga and Georges Desvaux on 19 November 2018
McKinsey: Africa's overlooked business revolution
As global business interest in Africa has blossomed, we have found ourselves travelling the world to help executives understand where the true opportunity lies, and how their businesses can seize that opportunity before their competitors do.
A few years back, one of us (Acha) found himself in Seoul, presenting to the chairman of one of the largest Korean conglomerates. At that stage, the company had almost no presence in Africa, and its executives were concerned that their Chinese competitors were stealing a march on them.
Africa's overlooked business revolution
The McKinsey team arrived at the meeting armed with a PowerPoint presentation, whose first page was a map of Africa. We'd intended to flip quickly past it, but the chairman stopped us in our tracks. "You've made a mistake," he exclaimed. "You have two countries called Congo!" In fact, there are two countries named after the mighty River Congo. One is the mineral-rich but conflict-ridden Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), with a population of around 87 million and a land area 80 times that of Belgium, its former colonial power. On the other side of the river is the Republic of the Congo, with a population of just five million but a GDP per capita 10 times that of its neighbour, reflecting its position as a significant oil producer.
"Yes, there are two Congos. Why not? There are two Koreas," we told the chairman. There were laughs all round, but this moment of confusion underlined a real issue facing any company seeking to build or grow a business in Africa: how to navigate the continent's bewildering scale and complexity. Africa's land area exceeds that of China, Europe, and the United States combined. Its 54 countries have a collective population of 1.2 billion. It has over a thousand languages and huge diversity in income levels, resource endowment, infrastructure development, educational attainment, and business sophistication.
It's one thing to get a handle on the physical map of Africa, but it's an even greater challenge to create an accurate mental map of the continent. In our experience, the instinct of most businesspeople is to underestimate Africa's size and potential as a market and overestimate the challenges of doing business there.
Let's test your own perceptions: How many companies in Africa earn annual revenues of US$1bn or more? Take a guess.
If you guessed fewer than 50 such firms, you're in good company. We surveyed over a thousand business executives across Africa and the world, and 50 was the maximum number chosen by most respondents. Several said "zero". When we asked the same question at events such as the World Economic Forum, participants were only slightly more optimistic: most put the number of billion-dollar firms at between 50 and 100. The reality? There are 400 such companies – and they are on average both faster growing and more profitable than their global peers.
Closing the perception gap
The magnitude of the mismatch between global perception and on-the-ground reality prompted us to write a book, Africa's Business Revolution: How to Succeed in the World's Next Big Growth Market. It presents a strategic guide to business in Africa based on interviews with 40 of the continent's most prominent executives and development leaders, case studies of thriving companies in sectors ranging from banking to technology to manufacturing, and proprietary McKinsey research.
The perception gap that motivated our book extends to realms such as technology. Although Africa historically lagged, this young continent, with a median age of around 20, has become an eager adopter and innovator in all things digital and mobile. There are already 122 million active users of mobile financial services in Africa. The number of smartphone connections is forecast to double from 315 million in 2015 to 636 million in 2022 – twice the projected number in North America and not far from the total in Europe. Over the same period, mobile data traffic across Africa is expected to increase sevenfold.
We don't pretend that Africa is an easy place to do business, given its geographic complexity, infrastructure gaps, and relative economic and political volatility. In this article, which is adapted from our book, we'll try to explain why it's worth the effort. In short, Africa is a 1.2 billion-person market on the cusp of transformative growth. It already has more big companies than you would imagine – but room for many more. And entrepreneurial energy pulses throughout the continent.
We also lay out a framework for leaders seeking to prosper with business in Africa. It starts with mapping a clear-eyed strategy, but that's far from sufficient. Pursuing business-model innovation, unleashing local talent, building long-term resilience, and promoting local development also are "must dos" in Africa. In a forthcoming companion article ("Leadership lessons from Africa's trailblazers"), we elaborate on these priorities through the eyes of five African leaders, each of whose journey helps illustrate crucial aspects of this framework for growth.
A 1.2 billion-person market on the cusp of transformative growth
Africa's current population of around 1.2 billion is projected to double over the next 30 years, making Africa an exception in a world of slowing population growth. Moreover, it will soon be the fastest-urbanising region in the world. Africa already has as many cities with more than one million inhabitants as North America does, and more than 80% of its population growth over the next two decades will occur in cities. The income per capita of Africa's cities is more than double the continental average, making them attractive markets for many businesses.
In 2015 Africa had only six cities with more than five million residents, but by 2030 Africa will have 17, including five with 10 million or more.
That points to a historic economic shift under way. Whether in Europe and North America in the 19th century or Asia in the 20th, rapid modernisation of the sort Africa is experiencing has given rise to increases in GDP per capita – by a factor of 10, for example, in China over the 30 years since the launch of economic reforms at the end of the 1970s.
"There is an element of breaking ground, but the long-term rewards will be very high." – Tidjane Thiam, CEO of Credit Suisse
Tidjane Thiam, the Ivorian-born CEO of Credit Suisse and former head of Prudential, the global insurer, is a keen observer of this growth phenomenon—and its implications for business. "The human brain thinks in a linear fashion," he remarked to us, "but exponential growth is in fact more common in nature. Think of an acorn growing into an oak tree." Thiam gained firsthand experience of this truth while building Prudential's business in emerging Asia. One $50m investment multiplied to $4bn in little over 15 years – an 80-fold expansion. Thiam believes that conditions in many African markets today offer similar opportunities. "You've got the demographic boom combined with GDP growth rates of 6, 7, or 8%." Companies that get in early and shape the right strategy can sustain double-digit profit growth over decades, he said. "There is an element of breaking ground, but the long-term rewards will be very high."
When we surveyed over a thousand global and African executives, the majority concur with this forecast. They predicted that most African households will join the consumer class in the next 20 years. They also expect that rising investment in both digital technologies and natural resources – the new and old economies – will boost development. Nearly 90% of African-based companies, and 58% of those based in other regions, expect their revenues in Africa to grow over the next five years, and most plan to expand their African footprint to additional countries.
More big companies than you would imagine—but room for many more
McKinsey's database of large companies with business in Africa reveals surprising figures: 400 companies earning revenues of $1bn or more and nearly 700 companies with revenue greater than $500m. These companies are increasingly regional or pan-African. They have grown faster than their peers in the rest of the world in local currency terms, and they are also more profitable than their global peers in most sectors. Between them, they boasted $1.4tn in revenues in 2015. Around two-fifths of them are publicly listed, and the remainder are privately held. Just over half are owned by Africa-based private shareholders, while 27% are foreign-based multinationals and 17% are state-owned enterprises.
One of those big firms is Nigeria-based Dangote Industries, which manufactures commodities, including cement, sugar, and flour, in massive volumes. By 2017, the Dangote Group's annual revenues exceeded $4bn, and founder Aliko Dangote had become Africa's richest person and the world's richest black man. Yet he continued to aim high. His new growth projects include the world's largest single-train petroleum refinery, scheduled to open at the end of 2019. It is being built near Lagos, Nigeria's bustling commercial capital, at a cost of $12bn. Dangote's philosophy is: "Think big, dream big, and do big things."
Another example is South Africa-based MTN, the mobile-phone company with more than 200 million subscribers in 22 nations in Africa and the Middle East. Yet another is Ethiopian Airlines, which has driven an aggressive expansion strategy that nearly tripled its passenger numbers from 3.1 million in 2010 to 8.8 million in 2017. In the year to June 2017, the airline recorded a full-year profit of $232m on revenues of $2.7bn, more than many global airlines.
Despite some notable corporate success stories, however, Africa lags behind other emerging regions in hosting large companies. Excluding South Africa, it has just 60% of the number one would expect if it were on a par with peer regions. In fact, nearly half of Africa's big firms are based in South Africa. Moreover, Africa's big companies are smaller, on average, than those in other emerging economies. Because of these twin issues – too few large firms and too little scale among those that do exist – the total revenue pool of large companies in Africa (excluding South Africa) is about a third of what it could be.
Africa's relative lack of big companies matters not just for shareholders but also for society, because these firms are the primary drivers of economic growth. We might think of big companies as the baobabs of the business landscape: not only do they tower above the rest, they also have deeper roots and longer life spans. Known as the tree of life, the baobab produces highly nutritious fruit that sustains many communities. Business baobabs, too, enliven their local economies: they contribute disproportionately to higher wages and taxes, productivity improvement, innovation, and technology dissemination. Like baobabs, large firms create their own ecosystems, fostering small-business creation through their supply chains and distribution networks. They are also better able to attract capital, which means they are much more likely to compete on the global stage. We believe Africa has the space – and need – not just for the hundreds of billion-dollar companies that are thriving across the continent today but also for many more.
A hotbed of entrepreneurial energy
If Africa is to build its rightful number of large companies, then many of its younger firms will need to think big: they are the business baobabs of the future. Indeed, smaller and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) have a critical role to play in accelerating economic development, serving the unmet needs of African markets, and especially creating jobs. The World Bank, for example, estimates that SMEs are responsible for 77% of all jobs in Africa and as much as half of GDP in some countries. Midsize companies in particular are major job creators: McKinsey research shows that firms with between 50 and 200 employees create jobs at twice the pace of both large corporations and small businesses.
In the course of writing this book, we encountered dozens of entrepreneurs who have launched startups explicitly targeted at addressing Africa's unmet demand. One example is Jumia, one of the continent's leading e-commerce players. Another is M-Kopa, which has sold off-grid solar-power kits to 600,000 rural households and financed them via mobile money. Yet another is investment company Roha, which has made the development of greenfield manufacturing plants in Africa a core focus of its business. One such opportunity is glass-bottle manufacturing in Ethiopia to supply the country's fast-growing beverage industry: to date, drink makers have had to import 90% of their bottles. With its partners, Roha is building an $80m glass-bottle plant near Addis Ababa. When completed, the plant will have the capacity to produce 200 million bottles a year.
Small and midsize companies will be crucial to speeding up economic development, serving unmet needs, and creating jobs. There's space for startups to build scale, whether in manufacturing, retail, or myriad other sectors.
There is space for many other startups to build scale in Africa – whether in retail, technology, manufacturing, agriculture, mining, or a host of other sectors. Africa's vast unmet needs and unfulfilled demand make it a continent ripe for entrepreneurship and innovation at scale.
More than good strategy required
Not every company will succeed in translating the potential we've just described into growth that is rapid, consistent, and profitable. In a marketplace that is both complex and increasingly competitive, there are huge differences in performance between the most successful companies and the rest. Some companies are the lions of African business, standing head and shoulders above the rest. Others risk becoming the lions' prey.
What does it take to win in Africa? As in any market, deciding where and how to compete is critical. Companies with exposure to high-growth cities, countries, and regions improve their odds. Likewise, companies that ride strong industry trends, such as rapid adoption of mobile and digital technology, have much better odds of outperforming. Sometimes those are "trends with a twist," such as Africa's large unserved markets or infrastructure gaps: to benefit from such trends, companies need the imagination to see unmet demand or unsolved problems as opportunities.
But good strategic choices are just one piece of the puzzle for companies seeking to prosper in Africa. A smart approach to geographic expansion should go hand in hand with much more: a plan for innovating your business model. Operational solutions that will help you manage risk and boost your company's resilience to Africa's inevitable shocks. Fresh approaches to unleash Africa's talent, including nurturing vocational and managerial skills at scale and fostering a new kind of business leader for the African century ahead – and a plan for doing good while doing well. These priorities are being powerfully illustrated right now by many local leaders who are pursuing them. In "Leadership lessons from Africa's trailblazers" (to be published next month), we'll introduce you to five such leaders, and in Africa's Business Revolution, you'll meet many more.
Africa is home to a consumer class whose spending outstrips India's, and it will soon have double the number of smartphone connections than North America. Yet poverty remains widespread, as do infrastructure gaps, fragmented markets, and regulatory complexity. By recasting challenges as a spur for innovation, and unmet market demand as room for growth, business leaders can help their companies, and the continent, to thrive.
Acha Leke is chairman of McKinsey's Africa offices and is based in McKinsey's Johannesburg office. Mutsa Chironga is an executive at Nedbank and is an alumnus of the Johannesburg office. Georges Devaux is a senior partner in the Hong Kong office.
This article, originally published here, is adapted from Africa's Business Revolution: How to Succeed in the World's Next Big Growth Market (Harvard Business Review Press, November 2018).
Tags: aliko dangote, Credit Suisse, Dangote Group, mckinsey, Tidjane Thiam


Place in Print stocks a variety of Bromley themed prints, posters, books, maps, homewares, clothing and gifts.
Bromley is an important town and borough in South East London. Originally part of Kent, Bromley became part of Greater London in 1965. A market town mentioned in Pride and Prejudice and was the birthplace of H.G. Wells. Once an important coaching stop between Hastings and London and now as London's largest borough is a major commuter hub and commercial centre in its own right. Home to the much loved 250 acres of High Elms Country Park with the charming Green Roof Cafe and BEECHE education centre.


VERO BEACH — On March 11, 1953 Dodgers President Walter O'Malley stood at home plate to open the newly constructed, 5,000-seat stadium at Dodgertown, named for local businessman and Airport Director Bud Holman.
Holman Stadium opened 65 years ago to great fanfare and celebration. An overflow crowd of 5,532 filled the stands for the opening ceremony honoring the man responsible for bringing the Dodgers to Vero Beach.
Ironically, at that time the ballpark had more seats than Vero Beach had residents!
Fast forward 65 years later, and fans still enter the gates, often walking past the replica Baseball Card Wall depicting the more than 140 Hall of Famers who have played and visited this iconic stadium and sports campus.
This year Historic Dodgertown is also celebrating its 70th anniversary.
In 1947 the Brooklyn Dodgers were looking for a training site to hold future spring training camps. That year their camp was held in Havana, Cuba, but team President Branch Rickey strategically wanted to keep his "great experiment" of breaking baseball's color barrier with Jackie Robinson under wraps for as long and as quietly as possible. Racial discrimination was less prevalent in Havana, but it was time to move the team back to the United States for training.
Bud Holman learned of the Dodgers search for an expansive property and invited executives to take a look at the vacated U.S. Naval Air Station, closed following World War II. In 1948, Dodger Town – as the Vero Beach Press JournalV reported in January 1948, was opened and was the first fully integrated spring kraining facility in the south.
In 1950 Walter O'Malley was named president of the team and in February 1952 he renegotiated the original four-year lease agreement with the City of Vero Beach for an additional 21 years. One month later he announced the Dodgers would build "a little 5,000 seat stadium" at Dodgertown to attract more major league teams to play the Dodgers in exhibition games.
On March 11, 1953 the Holman Stadium was dedicated, and the Dodgers played and defeated the Philadelphia Athletics that day, 4-2. Dodger pitcher Carl Erskine allowed just one run and four hits as the starter for the Dodgers, while center fielder Duke Snider drove in two runs in a three-run first inning for Brooklyn.
The 1:30 p.m. dedication ceremonies were carried live on the radio and included a concert by the Vero Beach School band; Merrill P. Barber, the president of the Indian River County Citrus Bank as the emcee for the official festivities; and an invocation by Rev. Fr. Patrick D. O'Brien, Pastor of St. Helen's Catholic Church.
Distinguished guests included Florida Secretary of State Robert A. Gray, representing long-time Gov. Daniel McCarty, who had suffered a disabling heart attack only two weeks prior, politicians from Vero, Fort Pierce and Stuart, the commissioner of baseball Ford C. Frick, the president of the National League Warren C. Giles and the president of the American League William Harridge.
Fifty Royal Palm trees, given as a gift from Dodger part-owner Mary Louise Smith, were placed around the perimeter of Holman Stadium, adding a unique touch and hallmark for the stadium. The Royal Palm trees remained until the Christmas freeze of 1989.
A plaque describing the gift of Royal Palms by Mrs. Smith is still at Historic Dodgertown on the walkway between the press box and third base.
In the process of building Holman Stadium, O'Malley designed a heart-shaped lake (stocked with fish) to honor his wife, Kay. The lake was formed by excavation, which in turn formed the seating bowl and banks of Holman Stadium.
Praeger later was hired to design Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles. The two Dodger ballparks designed by Praeger with O'Malley's oversight have withstood the test of time for engineering excellence and aesthetic design.
Holman Stadium was later expanded to accommodate 6,500 seats. Since 2014 the annual Jackie Robinson Celebration Game is played every April 15 to honor Robinson and his contributions to baseball, sports and society.


text:
Q: Alter image meta fields in the Media Library To improve user experience, I want to make changes to the image meta fields in the Media Library:

As demonstrated above, I want to change the Caption field to Source and remove the Alt Text and Description field.
How can I achieve this?

A: I don't know if this answer will be of much use given the age of this question now, but perhaps it will provide an answer sufficient that you can at least consider the question answered.
I would point out this approach involves creating copies of WordPress functions, modifying them and repointing WP hooks (unhooking and rehooking), so it might be susceptible to breaking if core functionality around these functions and hooks changes such that the copied code is no longer inline with what's in core.
The complete code exceeds the answer character limit, so here's the class without the two copied/modified functions from wp core (see pastebin at the end for complete code).
class WPSE_Question_134092 {

    public function __construct() {
        add_action( 'add_meta_boxes_attachment', [$this, 'on_attachment_metaboxes'] );
        add_action( 'wp_enqueue_media',          [$this, 'on_media_enqueue'] );
    }
    public function on_attachment_metaboxes() {
        remove_action( 'edit_form_after_title', 'edit_form_image_editor' );
        add_action( 'edit_form_after_title', [$this,'edit_form_image_editor'] );
    }
    public function on_media_enqueue() {
        remove_action( 'admin_footer',                            'wp_print_media_templates' );
        remove_action( 'wp_footer',                               'wp_print_media_templates' );
        remove_action( 'customize_controls_print_footer_scripts', 'wp_print_media_templates' );

        add_action( 'admin_footer',                            [$this, 'print_media_templates'] );
        add_action( 'wp_footer',                               [$this, 'print_media_templates'] );
        add_action( 'customize_controls_print_footer_scripts', [$this, 'print_media_templates'] );
    }
}

Core WP functions:
https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/edit_form_image_editor/
https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/wp_print_media_templates/
Pastebin with modified functions:
https://pastebin.com/p4KH3g6v
Image fields should look something like.

And all i've done with these two functions is copy them straight form core, scan down the files and rename or comment out(you can straight up delete those sections of code if desired) the appropriate fields to match what you asked for. If i missed a detail or accidently commented something out that shouldn't have been, it should be trivial to tweak.

A: I found this great tutorial for adding/filtering fields. However, do you think it is ideal remove core functionality? I suggest hiding the fields with css that you do not want displayed, and creating a field for Source rather than modifying it. The reason for this is so that other devs or plugins can utilize the core functionality with your plugin or theme without a lot of workaround.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sabine Georgi. Credit: S. Wieland | ULI
Sabine Georgi Appointed as ULI Germany/Austria/Switzerland Executive Director
Sabine Georgi joins the Urban Land Institute (ULI) from Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS).
The Urban Land Institute (ULI) has appointed Sabine Georgi as executive director of the ULI Germany/Austria/Switzerland National Council. She will replace Stephanie Baden, who left the organisation to pursue other opportunities. Sabine joins from the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) where she worked as a country manager Germany and will start her new role in May 2021.
ULI Germany/Austria/Switzerland is ULI's second largest European National Council with over 900 members from both the private and public sectors, representing all disciplines within the commercial and residential property market. Georgi plans to continue the work of ULI Germany/Austria/Switzerland (DACH) and further raise ULI's public profile in the German, Austrian and Swiss real estate markets, particularly emphasising the Institute's role as thought leader on promoting resilient cities as well as environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues.
In her role as executive director, Sabine Georgi will be working closely with the ULI Germany Executive Committee and the chair of ULI Germany, Gero Bergmann, who was previously member of the board of management at Berlin Hyp AG and joined the BayernLB board earlier this month. "This is an exciting time for Sabine to join ULI," said Bergmann. "Accelerated by Covid-19, our towns and cities are facing major challenges and opportunities, with climate change, social inequality, and changes in how we work, play and live. As there is no silver bullet, the sharing of knowledge and best practice is absolutely crucial. Sabine's extensive experience in the property industry, and relationships with key players in the market, will help us to leverage the expertise of our members to inspire innovative solutions."
"I am a big believer in the concept of thinking globally and acting locally," said Georgi. "With the help and influence of ULI's membership network from around the world, we can shape the future of the built environment for transformative impact in local communities. The value of sharing ideas in the real estate profession and learning from best practice from around the world cannot be underestimated."
"To provide practical solutions, it is important that we address regional differences in our industry to make sure that best practice is appropriately localised. By tailoring ULI's highly valued and respected research, we can jointly address the main challenges in our industry and further develop ULI Germany/Austria/Switzerland as the leading real estate membership organisation in German-speaking areas."
"Coming from a membership organisation background, Sabine understands the importance of putting our members at the forefront of everything we do," said Lisette van Doorn, CEO of ULI Europe. "She will play a critical role in further advancing the efforts of ULI Germany/Austria/Switzerland to add value to our members, by providing them with unique opportunities to make a positive difference to the industry and in local communities. In a post-pandemic world, this is more important than ever. Sabine's proficiency and understanding of the real estate industry and member needs will enable the National Council to expand further and increase both individual and corporate membership, as well as adding to the, already very active, programme of activities."
Georgi has more than 25 years of experience in the real estate industry, with senior positions at prominent membership organisations. As country manager for RICS Germany, her focus was on business development, the establishment of globally applicable standards and political consulting in order to advance the concerns and goals of the international organisation in Germany. Previously, Georgi worked for the German Property Federation (ZIA) as head of the real estate and capital markets department. She was responsible for real estate valuation, financing, market transparency as well as office properties.
As a graduate in business administration (BA), Sabine Georgi has worked for BBT GmbH and the Association of Berlin and Brandenburg Housing Companies (BBU. She is also a founding member of FRAUEN !N FÜHRUNG (F!F), an initiative of the German real estate industry that advocates for more women in leadership positions.


text:
import {
  AddEventsBehaviour, AlloyComponent, AlloyEvents, AlloyTriggers, Behaviour, EventFormat, Focusing, Form, FormField, FormTypes, GuiFactory, Input, Invalidating,
  Memento, Representing, SimulatedEvent, Sketcher, SketchSpec, Tabstopping, UiSketcher
} from '@ephox/alloy';
import { Cell, Fun, Future, Id, Merger, Optional, Result } from '@ephox/katamari';
import { Css } from '@ephox/sugar';

import { Hex, Rgba } from '../../api/colour/ColourTypes';
import * as HexColour from '../../api/colour/HexColour';
import * as RgbaColour from '../../api/colour/RgbaColour';
import * as ColourEvents from '../ColourEvents';

const validInput = Id.generate('valid-input');
const invalidInput = Id.generate('invalid-input');
const validatingInput = Id.generate('validating-input');

interface HexInputEvent extends EventFormat {
  readonly type: 'hex';
  readonly value: string;
}

interface ColorInputEvent extends EventFormat {
  readonly type: 'red' | 'green' | 'blue';
  readonly value: string;
}

type InputEvent = HexInputEvent | ColorInputEvent;

const translatePrefix = 'colorcustom.rgb.';

// tslint:disable:no-empty-interface
export interface RgbFormDetail extends Sketcher.SingleSketchDetail {
}

export interface RgbFormSpec extends Sketcher.SingleSketchSpec {
}
// tslint:enable:no-empty-interface

export interface RgbFormSketcher extends Sketcher.SingleSketch<RgbFormSpec> {
  updateHex: (slider: AlloyComponent, colour: Hex) => void;
}

const rgbFormFactory = (
  translate: (key: string) => string,
  getClass: (key: string) => string,
  onValidHexx: (component: AlloyComponent) => void,
  onInvalidHexx: (component: AlloyComponent) => void
): RgbFormSketcher => {
  const invalidation = (label: string, isValid: (value: string) => boolean) => Invalidating.config({
    invalidClass: getClass('invalid'),

    notify: {
      onValidate: (comp: AlloyComponent) => {
        AlloyTriggers.emitWith(comp, validatingInput, {
          type: label
        });
      },
      onValid: (comp: AlloyComponent) => {
        AlloyTriggers.emitWith(comp, validInput, {
          type: label,
          value: Representing.getValue(comp)
        });
      },

      onInvalid: (comp: AlloyComponent) => {
        AlloyTriggers.emitWith(comp, invalidInput, {
          type: label,
          value: Representing.getValue(comp)
        });
      }
    },

    validator: {
      validate: (comp: AlloyComponent) => {
        const value = Representing.getValue(comp);
        const res = isValid(value) ? Result.value(true) : Result.error(translate('aria.input.invalid'));
        return Future.pure(res);
      },
      validateOnLoad: false
    }
  });

  const renderTextField = (
    isValid: (value: string) => boolean,
    name: string,
    label: string,
    description: string,
    data: string | number
  ) => {
    const helptext = translate(translatePrefix + 'range');

    const pLabel = FormField.parts.label({
      dom: { tag: 'label', attributes: { 'aria-label': description }},
      components: [ GuiFactory.text(label) ]
    });

    const pField = FormField.parts.field({
      data,
      factory: Input,
      inputAttributes: {
        type: 'text',
        ...name === 'hex' ? { 'aria-live': 'polite' } : {}
      },
      inputClasses: [ getClass('textfield') ],

      // Have basic invalidating and tabstopping behaviour.
      inputBehaviours: Behaviour.derive([
        invalidation(name, isValid),
        Tabstopping.config({})
      ]),

      // If it was invalid, and the value was set, run validation against it.
      onSetValue: (input: AlloyComponent) => {
        if (Invalidating.isInvalid(input)) {
          const run = Invalidating.run(input);
          run.get(Fun.noop);
        }
      }
    });

    const comps = [ pLabel, pField ];
    const concats = name !== 'hex' ? [ FormField.parts['aria-descriptor']({
      text: helptext
    }) ] : [];
    const components = comps.concat(concats);

    return {
      dom: {
        tag: 'div',
        attributes: {
          role: 'presentation'
        }
      },
      components
    };
  };

  const copyRgbToHex = (form: AlloyComponent, rgba: Rgba) => {
    const hex = HexColour.fromRgba(rgba);
    Form.getField(form, 'hex').each((hexField: AlloyComponent) => {
      // Not amazing, but it turns out that if we have an invalid RGB field, and no hex code
      // and then type in a valid three digit hex code, the RGB field will be overriden, then validate and then set
      // the hex field to be the six digit version of that same three digit hex code. This is incorrect.
      if (!Focusing.isFocused(hexField)) {
        Representing.setValue(form, {
          hex: hex.value
        });
      }
    });
    return hex;
  };

  const copyRgbToForm = (form: AlloyComponent, rgb: Rgba): void => {
    const red = rgb.red; const green = rgb.green; const blue = rgb.blue;
    Representing.setValue(form, { red, green, blue });
  };

  const memPreview = Memento.record(
    {
      dom: {
        tag: 'div',
        classes: [ getClass('rgba-preview') ],
        styles: {
          'background-color': 'white'
        },
        attributes: {
          role: 'presentation'
        }
      }
    }
  );

  const updatePreview = (anyInSystem: AlloyComponent, hex: Hex) => {
    memPreview.getOpt(anyInSystem).each((preview: AlloyComponent) => {
      Css.set(preview.element, 'background-color', '#' + hex.value);
    });
  };

  const factory: UiSketcher.SingleSketchFactory<RgbFormDetail, RgbFormSpec> = (): SketchSpec => {
    const state = {
      red: Cell(Optional.some(255)),
      green: Cell(Optional.some(255)),
      blue: Cell(Optional.some(255)),
      hex: Cell(Optional.some('ffffff'))
    };

    const copyHexToRgb = (form: AlloyComponent, hex: Hex) => {
      const rgb = RgbaColour.fromHex(hex);
      copyRgbToForm(form, rgb);
      setValueRgb(rgb);
    };

    const get = (prop: keyof typeof state): Optional<any> => state[prop].get();

    const set = (prop: keyof typeof state, value: Optional<any>): void => {
      state[prop].set(value);
    };

    const getValueRgb = () => get('red').bind(
      (red) => get('green').bind(
        (green) => get('blue').map(
          (blue) => RgbaColour.rgbaColour(red, green, blue, 1)
        )
      )
    );

    // TODO: Find way to use this for palette and slider updates
    const setValueRgb = (rgb: Rgba): void => {
      const red = rgb.red; const green = rgb.green; const blue = rgb.blue;
      set('red', Optional.some(red));
      set('green', Optional.some(green));
      set('blue', Optional.some(blue));
    };

    const onInvalidInput = (form: AlloyComponent, simulatedEvent: SimulatedEvent<InputEvent>) => {
      const data = simulatedEvent.event;
      if (data.type !== 'hex') {
        set(data.type, Optional.none());
      } else {
        onInvalidHexx(form);
      }
    };

    const onValidHex = (form: AlloyComponent, value: string) => {
      onValidHexx(form);
      const hex = HexColour.hexColour(value);
      set('hex', Optional.some(value));

      const rgb = RgbaColour.fromHex(hex);
      copyRgbToForm(form, rgb);
      setValueRgb(rgb);

      AlloyTriggers.emitWith(form, ColourEvents.fieldsUpdate, {
        hex
      });

      updatePreview(form, hex);
    };

    const onValidRgb = (form: AlloyComponent, prop: 'red' | 'green' | 'blue', value: string) => {
      const val = parseInt(value, 10);
      set(prop, Optional.some(val));
      getValueRgb().each((rgb) => {
        const hex = copyRgbToHex(form, rgb);
        AlloyTriggers.emitWith(form, ColourEvents.fieldsUpdate, {
          hex
        });
        updatePreview(form, hex);
      });
    };

    const isHexInputEvent = (data: InputEvent): data is HexInputEvent => data.type === 'hex';

    const onValidInput = (form: AlloyComponent, simulatedEvent: SimulatedEvent<InputEvent>) => {
      const data = simulatedEvent.event;
      if (isHexInputEvent(data)) {
        onValidHex(form, data.value);
      } else {
        onValidRgb(form, data.type, data.value);
      }
    };

    const formPartStrings = (key: string) => ({
      label: translate(translatePrefix + key + '.label'),
      description: translate(translatePrefix + key + '.description')
    });

    const redStrings = formPartStrings('red');
    const greenStrings = formPartStrings('green');
    const blueStrings = formPartStrings('blue');
    const hexStrings = formPartStrings('hex');

    // TODO: Provide a nice way of adding APIs to existing sketchers
    return Merger.deepMerge(
      Form.sketch((parts: FormTypes.FormParts) => ({
        dom: {
          tag: 'form',
          classes: [ getClass('rgb-form') ],
          attributes: { 'aria-label': translate('aria.color.picker') }
        },
        components: [
          parts.field('red', FormField.sketch(
            renderTextField(RgbaColour.isRgbaComponent, 'red', redStrings.label, redStrings.description, 255)
          )),
          parts.field('green', FormField.sketch(
            renderTextField(RgbaColour.isRgbaComponent, 'green', greenStrings.label, greenStrings.description, 255)
          )),
          parts.field('blue', FormField.sketch(
            renderTextField(RgbaColour.isRgbaComponent, 'blue', blueStrings.label, blueStrings.description, 255)
          )),
          parts.field('hex', FormField.sketch(
            renderTextField(HexColour.isHexString, 'hex', hexStrings.label, hexStrings.description, 'ffffff')
          )),
          memPreview.asSpec()
        ],

        formBehaviours: Behaviour.derive([
          Invalidating.config({
            invalidClass: getClass('form-invalid')
          }),

          AddEventsBehaviour.config('rgb-form-events', [
            AlloyEvents.run(validInput, onValidInput),
            AlloyEvents.run(invalidInput, onInvalidInput),
            AlloyEvents.run(validatingInput, onInvalidInput)
          ])
        ])
      })),
      {
        apis: {
          updateHex: (form: AlloyComponent, hex: Hex) => {
            Representing.setValue(form, {
              hex: hex.value
            });
            copyHexToRgb(form, hex);
            updatePreview(form, hex);
          }
        }
      }
    );
  };

  interface Apis {
    updateHex(form: AlloyComponent, hex: Hex): void;
  }

  const rgbFormSketcher = Sketcher.single({
    factory,
    name: 'RgbForm',
    configFields: [],
    apis: {
      updateHex: (apis: Apis, form: AlloyComponent, hex: Hex) => {
        apis.updateHex(form, hex);
      }
    },
    extraApis: {}
  }) as RgbFormSketcher;

  return rgbFormSketcher;
};

export {
  rgbFormFactory
};


text:
Green Technology Pilot Program - CLOSED
The Office is no longer accepting Petitions to Make Special Under the Green Technology Pilot Program or requests for reconsideration based solely on a defective original petition. The program will meet its limit based on petitions that were previously filed and are awaiting decision.
The pending petitions will be taken in turn as set forth in the original notice, i.e., in the order that the applications are in condition for examination. The Office will treat any pending petition in an application that is in condition for examination on or before the cut-off date, i.e., the date that the 3,500th application for which a petition is granted was in condition for examination. Pending requests for reconsideration based upon a defective original petition will only be considered if they were filed on or before the cut-off date.
Requests for reconsideration based solely on an erroneous decision may continue to be filed and will be considered.
Under the Green Technology Pilot Program, an applicant was able to have an application advanced out of turn (accorded special status) for examination, for applications pertaining to green technologies including greenhouse gas reduction (applications pertaining to environmental quality, energy conservation, development of renewable energy resources or greenhouse gas emission reduction). The Green Technology Pilot Program was modified several times, including expanding its eligibility to include applications filed on or after December 8, 2009, in addition to applications filed before December 8, 2009, and extending the program until March 30, 2012, or the date that 3,500 applications have been accorded special status under this program. The Green Technology Pilot Program provided for applications pertaining to green technologies, including greenhouse gas reduction, to be advanced out of turn for examination without meeting all of the current requirements of the accelerated examination program (e.g., examination support document) or the Prioritized Examination (Track I) program.
Going forward, applicants may instead use the Prioritized Examination (Track I) program or the accelerated examination program. Both the Track I and accelerated examination programs not only provide advancement of examination, but set a target of reaching final disposition within 12 months from the time advancement is initiated.
USPTO Issues 500th Patent Through Successful Green Technology Pilot Program (October 05, 2011)
DOC Blog Post on 350th patent
USPTO Extends Deadline to Participate in Green Technology Pilot Program by One Year (November 10, 2010)
USPTO Expands Green Technology Pilot Program to More Inventions
Department of Commerce Announces Pilot Program for Green Innovations
Sunset of the Patent Application Backlog Reduction Stimulus Plan and a Limited Extension of the Green Technology Pilot Program was signed on December 7, 2011, and published on December 15, 2011, at 76 Fed. Reg. 77979 [PDF].
Expansion and Extension of the Green Technology Pilot Program was signed October 15, 2010, and published on November 10, 2010, at 75 Fed. Reg. 69049 [PDF].
The Elimination of Classification Requirement in the Green Technology Pilot Program notice was signed May 12, 2010, and published on May 21, 2010, at 75 Fed. Reg. 28554 [PDF].
The Pilot Program for Green Technologies Including Greenhouse Gas Reduction notice was signed November 30, 2009, and published on December 8, 2009, at 74 Fed. Reg. 64666 [PDF].
Form PTO/SB/420 titled "Petition to Make Special Under the Green Technology Pilot Program" was used to request participation in the Green Technology Pilot Program.
Frequently Asked Questions [PDF] [originally posted December 23, 2009, and last updated May 17, 2011]
Green Petition Report Summary [PDF] [updated May 7, 2012; Report date: April 26, 2012]
RE: EFS-Web or PAIR system - contact the Patent Electronic Business Center at 866-217-9197.
RE: a specific petition - contact:
Green Tech Rep
TC 1600 Manjunath Rao manjunath.rao@uspto.gov (571) 272-0939
TC 1700 Blaine Copenheaver blaine.copenheaver@uspto.gov (571) 272-1156
TC 2100 Eddie Lee eddie.lee@uspto.gov (571) 272-1732
TC 2400 Beatriz Prieto beatriz.prieto@uspto.gov (571) 272-3902
TC 2600 Doris To doris.to@uspto.gov (571) 272-7629
TC 2800 Lee Young lee.young@uspto.gov (571) 272-4549
TC 3600 Lanna Mai lanna.mai@uspto.gov (571) 272-6867
TC 3700 Tom Denion thomas.denion@uspto.gov (571) 272-4859
RE: The Green Technology Pilot Program Notice - contact the Office of Patent Legal Administration at 571-272-7701 or e-mail PatentPractice@uspto.gov.
Some content linked to on this page may require a plug-in for Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Submit feedback about this page to Office of Patent Legal Administration. Published on: May 7, 2012 08:47 PM EDT Last Modified:	Jul 13, 2021 10:29 AM EDT


The CDC Vital Signs series, launched in 2010, addresses a single, important public health topic each month. This month's edition presents our latest findings on opioid painkiller overdose in the United States. A surge in painkiller prescribing is a key driver of the increase in prescription overdoses. This Vital Signs highlights significant state-to-state variation in prescribing and provides promising strategies for addressing the issue.
Copies of Vital Signs materials, including the Vital Signs Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) articles Variation Among States in Prescribing of Opioid Pain Relievers and Benzodiazepines and Decline in Drug Overdose After State Policy Changes, are included with the release of this report as well as a four-page consumer fact sheet.
Health care providers wrote 259 million prescriptions for opioid painkillers in 2012. This is enough for every American adult to have their own bottle of pills.
These prescriptions were distributed unevenly throughout the United States—health care providers in the highest prescribing state wrote almost three times as many opioid painkiller prescriptions per person as those in the lowest prescribing state.
Southern states, especially Alabama, Tennessee, and West Virginia, had the most painkiller prescriptions per person.
Visit the Vital Signs Web page to find the Vital Signs MMWR articles, fact sheet, and other materials. Take advantage of CDC's social media tools, such as the Vital Signs buttons and email updates. We also invite you to join us for the Vital Signs Town Hall Teleconference on July 8 at 2pm (EDT).
Vital Signs is not just about data, it is about action. The variation in prescribing between states shows that we can reduce the risk of overdose while making sure all patients in all states have access to safe, effective pain treatment.


text:
Q: Short Solution for SQL Injection Attacks with MySQLI I've gotten into the habit of writing the following sort of code:
$q = mysqli_query($mysqli,"SELECT * FROM table WHERE a='$a', b=$b;");
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($q)) {
    // do something
    }

Where $a is a string entered by the user (gotten through $_GET) and $b is a user-entered integer.
Obviously the code I have above is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks, so my habit is to rewrite it like this:
$q = mysqli_query($mysqli,"SELECT * FROM table WHERE a='".str_replace("'","",$a)."', b=".($b+0).";");

But this of course has problems if $a needs to have apostrophes (or quotation marks when quotation marks are used to mark the string).
Recently I learned about prepared statements in mysqli and started playing around with them. I wrote the following function to make it easier to make calls without having to change much of my code:
function safequery($a,$b,$c) {
    global $mysqli;
    $q = mysqli_prepare($mysqli,$a);
    $e = "mysqli_stmt_bind_param(\$q,\$b";
    $i = 0;
    while ($i < count($c)) {
        $e.=",";
        $e.="\$c[$i]";
        $i++;
        }
    $e.=");";
    eval($e);
    mysqli_stmt_execute($q);
    return $q;
    }

safequery("SELECT * FROM table WHERE a=? AND b=?;","si",array("unsafestring",37));

But what is returned from this function turns out not to be a mysqli_result and thus doesn't work with the first bit of code above. After some more research, I found an alternative, but it would require a complete rethink of how I write my code. Is this necessary or is it possible to protect against MySQL injection attacks with only small changes to the first bit of code (no new lines, same output style, etc.)?
I have looked around on StackOverflow and the rest of the web but I can't find a good simple solution; all of them require the edition of at least three more lines for every call and a different way of reading each row. I'd prefer to do this procedural-y...

A: Don't think half-measures are going to solve this problem. Commit to expunging all of the interpolation bugs from your code and be disciplined about using prepared statements. Your proposed fix only makes things worse, it gives you a false sense of security. It's also considerably more work than using prepared statements so I'm not sure why you'd even bother doing it this way.
One way to make this a lot easier to do is switch from using double quotes " to single quotes ' on your queries to disable interpolation. Any escaping errors become syntax problems, and if your editor highlights those you'll be able to spot them from across the room, and if something does by fluke work you'll be inserting harmless things like $a instead of actual data.
Another thing to consider is if you should be using an ORM like Doctrine or Propel given what you know about the sophistication of your application. These can make things considerably easier from an implementation perspective.
The code you have there is a ticking time bomb, get rid of it as soon as you can. Don't think replacing quotes is enough, that solves just one issue, there's actually a number of other methods your application can be vulnerable to injection bugs. Tools like SQLMap have an entire arsenal of things they can try to break your code and if you look at the list of things it can do if it finds a flaw you'll probably want to fix these problems right away.
One way you can find issues is using a tool like grep:
grep query `find -name '*.php'` | grep '\$'

That's not bulletproof, but it should probably turn up a lot of code you should fix right away.
Also as @ceejayoz suggests, purge that function with eval in it from your computer and never, ever do that again.

A: After talking with the commenters and looking at some of the other questions and things they linked to and suggested, I've rewritten the third code snippet to both solve the problem in question and fix the security holes that several commenters pointed out (if there are any remaining ones, please tell me).
First on my use of eval(). Though I can't see any immediate way it could cause problems (user strings are not executed as code in the eval()) it is certainly a round about and stupid way of solving my problem. @TadMan suggested call_user_func_array() which, once worked out, looks something like this:
function refValues($arr){
    if (strnatcmp(phpversion(),'5.3') >= 0) //Reference is required for PHP 5.3+
    {
        $refs = array();
        foreach($arr as $key => $value)
            $refs[$key] = &$arr[$key];
        return $refs;
    }
    return $arr;
}
function safequery($a,$b,$c) {
    global $mysqli;
    $q = mysqli_prepare($mysqli,$a);
    call_user_func_array("mysqli_stmt_bind_param",refValues(array_merge(array($q,$b),$c)));
    mysqli_stmt_execute($q);
    return $q;
}

safequery("SELECT * FROM table WHERE a=? AND b=?;","si",array("unsafestring",37));

It turns out that mysqli_stmt_bind_param() takes only references, thus the new refValues() function (run into and solved before on StackOverflow: https://stackoverflow.com/a/16120923/5931472).
While this removes eval() and makes my code easier to understand, it still doesn't solve the original problem of returning the query response in a way that mysqli_fetch_array() can use. It turns out that the proper function to do this is mysqli_stmt_get_result() so the last line of safequery() is rewritten from:
return $q;

To:
return mysqli_stmt_get_result($q);

The result of safequery() is then a mysqli_result which can be used by mysqli_fetch_array().


text:
DICKSON/HUMPHREYS /HICKMAN Charter CMT/ABATE
Home | Our Purpose | LEGISLATION | SPECIAL EVENTS | CHARTER EVENTS | Members Page | TRIBUTE PAGE | Past Meetingz | Becoming a Member | Links | Officers | Pictures | Archives
Are you an invisible biker? While riding your scoot, I hope you practice this simple technique. Assume that you are invisible to drivers on the road because you are invisible to many of them. How do you think that so many of us get cut off, run down, and turned in front of? You're invisible to multi-task drivers that are changing the CD or tuning their radio. They may be doing anything from putting on makeup or eating a burger while driving, and it doesn't really matter because so many drivers are on autopilot and you and your bike are the last thing they are looking for. "I didn't see the motorcycle officer". Defensive driving be damned, many drivers drive like they are the only one on the road. So assume that you are invisible to them, it's up to you to be the defensive rider and stay out of trouble. There is another type of invisible biker. I am talking about the motorcycle owner that blindly ignores new laws that restrict motorcyclists, their machines and discrimination against the motorcycling community. The amazing invisible biker that goes with the flow and figures that someone else will take care of a discriminating law or that a new EPA restriction on our bikes "Oh, that will never get passed". Well guess again!
There are forces, from individuals that want all bikes off of the road, to organizations that want to get laws passed in order to "improve America". Think the EPA, NHTSA, Patriot Act or the Memphis motorcycle inspection program and how different people in power interpret it. These people, without regard to the overall biking community and their comments, are suggesting ideas for passage of new laws to our Representatives every day. New groups are constantly being formed with dollars from the insurance and health care institutions that want to make our preferred mode of transportation a thing of the past. If they can't ban motorcycles completely, why not make it as uncomfortable and cumbersome as possible in order to reduce the number of us riding?
ABATE was formed in 1971 to fight, (using a '70's saying), "Big Brothers" intrusion against modified motorcycles and discrimination of bikers by police, the public and business owners that didn't like the way many of us looked or our mode of transportation. The idea was to educate about motorcycling and to repeal, enact and lobby for laws that concern all motorcyclists in order to promote and grow together as one motorcycling community. The idea grew and motorcycle rights organizations were being formed in state after state. CMT/ABATE was formed in Tennessee just over 20 years ago and has members from every walk of life and lifestyle. They ride every type of motorcycle and are working with past successes, harder than ever toward the same goals that were stated in 1971. If not for the Biker Nation that ABATE created, sit back for a few moments and try to imagine what path motorcycling would have taken since 1971 if the it was never organized.
If you see in your minds eye, no small motorcycle shops because modifications to your ride are prohibited. That certain highways and streets would have signs that say "NO MOTORCYCLES PERMITED". Do you see being denied dinner or a room because you have on chaps and a leather jacket? I won't go on, but because of motorcycle owners that decided not to be invisible. Riders that cared to do something, anything, to help advance the liberties and rights of everyone that rides a motorcycle joined ABATE and got involved, many of these fights were won. There are many more in the future.
I stated in the beginning of this rant that you should try to assume yourself invisible to other highway users in order to ride safe, but don't be an invisible motorcycle owner that allows the non-riding public to dictate how, when and where you can ride you motorcycle. The coalitions that work to restrict motorcycling as a legal mode of transportation are stronger and larger than ever. Many have agendas to promote their issues, just like ABATE has motorcycling as its issue, but they see motorcycles as a roadblock to their efforts and will fight our lifestyle and preferred mode of transportation for their gain.
Only about 1% of all registered Tennessee motorcyclists are members of CMT/ABATE. So much more could be accomplished if more of Tennessee's invisible motorcycle owners would stand up for their rights and freedoms by joining their state motorcycle rights organization, CMT/ABATE and becoming involved in the future of motorcycling. Please get involved by joining and help us accomplish those same 1971 goals that still hold true today.
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