text:
\section{General requirements of non-reciprocity in a two-mode optical system}
In general, the temporal-evolution equations of a two-mode system can be described via [1]:
\begin{equation}
\frac{d}{dt} \begin{pmatrix} \delta a_{1} \\ \delta a_{2}  \end{pmatrix}
= \mathrm{i}\mathcal{M} \begin{pmatrix} \delta a_{1} \\ \delta a_{2} \end{pmatrix}
+ D^{\text{T}} \begin{pmatrix} \delta s^{+}_{1}\\ \delta s^{+}_{2} \end{pmatrix},
\label{eq:SI_timeEvolution}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\begin{pmatrix} \delta s^{-}_{1} \\ \delta s^{-}_{2}  \end{pmatrix}
= C \begin{pmatrix} \delta s^{+}_{1} \\ \delta s^{+}_{2} \end{pmatrix}
+ D \begin{pmatrix} \delta a_{1}\\ \delta a_{2} \end{pmatrix},
\label{eq:SIoutputFields}
\end{equation}
where $\mathcal{M}$ is the linear evolution operator for the two optical modes, the matrix $D$ describes the coupling between the two ports and optical modes and $C$ describes the direct scattering path between the two ports. Note that $\delta s^{+}_{j}$ and $\delta s^{-}_{j}$ are normalized such that $|\delta s^{+}_j|^2$ is the input photon flux in channel $j$. In writing these equations, we have enforced the optical modes to each satisfy reciprocity, in the sense that the in-and out-coupling rates of a particular mode and port are equal, thus the coupling is described through the same matrix $D$ (and its transpose) in~(\ref{eq:SI_timeEvolution}) and~(\ref{eq:SIoutputFields}). In the frequency domain $\left((a[\omega],s[\omega])=\int(a(t),s(t)) \exp(\mathrm{i}\omega t)\, d t \right)$, equation~(\ref{eq:SI_timeEvolution}) can be written as
\begin{equation}
-\mathrm{i}(M+\omega I) \begin{pmatrix} \delta a_{1} \\ \delta a_{2} \end{pmatrix}
= D^{\text{T}} \begin{pmatrix}
\delta s^{+}_1 \\ \delta s^{+}_2
\end{pmatrix},
\end{equation}
where $I$ represents the 2$\times$2 identity matrix. The scattering matrix, defined as
\begin{equation}
\begin{pmatrix} \delta s^{-}_1 \\ \delta s^{-}_2  \end{pmatrix}
= S \begin{pmatrix} \delta s^{+}_1 \\ \delta s^{+}_2 \end{pmatrix},
\end{equation}
is now directly obtained to be
\begin{equation}
S = C + \mathrm{i} D(M+\omega I)^{-1}D^{\text{T}} .
\label{eq:SI_GenScatMat}
\end{equation}
A direct calculation of the off-diagonal scattering elements (forward and backward transmission coefficients) reveals that
\begin{equation}
S_{12}=c_{12}+\mathrm{i}\frac{(m_{11}+\omega)d_{12}d_{22}-m_{12}d_{11}d_{22}-m_{21}d_{12}d_{21}+(m_{22}+\omega)d_{11}d_{21}}{\det(M+\omega I)},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
S_{21}=c_{21}+\mathrm{i}\frac{(m_{11}+\omega)d_{12}d_{22}-m_{12}d_{12}d_{21}-m_{21}d_{11}d_{22}+(m_{22}+\omega)d_{11}d_{21}}{\det(M+\omega I)}.
\end{equation}
The contrast between forward and backward transmission coefficients now reads
\begin{equation}
S_{21}-S_{12} = \frac{\mathrm{i}\det(D)(m_{12}-m_{21})}{\det(M+\omega I)}.
\label{eq:SI_Sdif}
\end{equation}
From this formula, it becomes immediately clear that the necessary condition for breaking reciprocity is to ensure $\det (D)\times (m_{12}-m_{21})\neq 0$, which requires: (a) $\det (D)\neq 0$, and (b) $m_{12}\neq m_{21}$. As discussed in the main text, the first condition simply requires $D$ to be a full rank matrix, which is expected as in the case of a non-full-rank $D$ both optical modes are symmetrically coupled to the two ports, thus preserving  reciprocity.

\section{Breaking the symmetry of the evolution matrix through optomechanical coupling}
Here we consider the optical modes to have generally different resonant frequencies $\omega_{1,2}$ and energy decay rates $\kappa_1$ and $\kappa_2$. In addition, we describe the mechanical mode by its resonance frequency $\Omega_{m}$ and loss rate $\Gamma_{\!m}$. Starting from the linearized Hamiltonian in equation~(\ref{eq:lin_OMhamiltonian}) of the main text, the equations of motion for the photon and phonon annihilation operators can be written as:
\begin{equation}
\frac{d}{dt} \begin{pmatrix} \delta a_{1} \\ \delta a_{2}  \end{pmatrix}
=\mathrm{i} \Theta \begin{pmatrix} \delta a_{1} \\ \delta a_{2}  \end{pmatrix}
+ \mathrm{i} \begin{pmatrix} g_1(b+b^\dagger) \\ g_2(b+b^\dagger)  \end{pmatrix}
+ D^{\text{T}} \begin{pmatrix} \delta s^{+}_{1} \\ \delta s^{+}_{2}  \end{pmatrix} ,
\label{eq:SI_EOM_optical}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\frac{d}{dt}b = (-\mathrm{i}\Omega_{m}-\Gamma_{\!m}/2)\,b+\mathrm{i}(g_1^\ast\delta a_1+g_1\delta a_1^\dagger+g_2^\ast\delta a_2+g_2\delta a_2^\dagger),
\label{eq:SI_EOM_mech}
\end{equation}
where in this relation $g_{1,2}$ represent the enhanced optomchanical coupling rates defined as $g_1=G_1x_\mathrm{{zpf}}\alpha_1$ and $g_2=G_2x_\mathrm{{zpf}}\alpha_2$, while $\Theta$ is a 2$\times$2 matrix which describes the evolution of the optical modes in the absence of the optomechanical interactions and in the absence of port excitations.
In general $\Theta$ can be written as $\Theta=\Omega +\mathrm{i} K$ where $\Omega$ represents the resonance frequencies and the mutual coupling of the two modes on diagonal and off-diagonal elements  respectively.
The matrix $K=K_0+K_e$, on the other hand, represents the total losses of the two modes $\kappa_{1,2}=\kappa_{0_{1,2}}+\kappa_{e_{1,2}}$ which includes the intrinsic losses $(\kappa_{0_{1,2}})$ due to absorption and scattering as well as the out-coupling losses $(\kappa_{e_{1,2}})$ due to the leakage of the optical modes into the two ports.
Even though in general $\Theta$ is not diagonal, it is always possible to choose a proper eigenmode basis such that $\Theta$ becomes diagonal (see section C). In that case, it can be written as
\begin{equation}
\Theta=\begin{pmatrix}
\bar{\Delta}_1 + \mathrm{i}\frac{\kappa_1}{2} & 0 \\
0 & \bar{\Delta}_2 + \mathrm{i}\frac{\kappa_2}{2}
\end{pmatrix},
\label{eq:SI_Theta}
\end{equation}
where $\bar{\Delta}_1=\omega_\mathrm{control}-\bar{\omega}_1+G_1\bar{x}$, $\bar{\Delta}_2=\omega_\mathrm{control}-\bar{\omega}_2+G_2\bar{x}$ represent the modified frequency detunings of the two optical modes from the driving lasers. In the frequency domain, equations~(\ref{eq:SI_EOM_optical}) and~(\ref{eq:SI_EOM_mech}) become
\begin{equation}
\mathrm{i} \begin{pmatrix} \Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1} & 0 \\ 0 & \Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2}  \end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} \delta a_{1} \\ \delta a_{2}  \end{pmatrix}
+ \mathrm{i} \begin{pmatrix} g_1(b+b^\dagger) \\ g_2(b+b^\dagger)  \end{pmatrix}
+ D^{\text{T}} \begin{pmatrix} \delta s^{+}_{1} \\ \delta s^{+}_{2}  \end{pmatrix} =0,
\label{eq:SI_EOM_FT_optical}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\mathrm{i}\Sigma_{m}^+ \,b  +\mathrm{i}(g_1^\ast\delta a_1+g_1\delta a_1^\dagger+g_2^\ast\delta a_2+g_2\delta a_2^\dagger) = 0 ,
\label{eq:SI_EOM_FT_mech}
\end{equation}
where we introduce a shorthand notation for the Fourier transformed creation operators $\delta a^\dagger = (\delta a^\dagger)[\omega] = (\delta a[-\omega])^\dagger$, and defined the inverse susceptibilities
\begin{equation}
\Sigma_{m}^\pm\equiv\omega\mp\Omega_{m}+\mathrm{i}\frac{\Gamma_{\!m}}{2}; \;\;\;\; \Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_{1,2}}\equiv\omega+\bar{\Delta}_{1,2}+\mathrm{i}\frac{\kappa_{1,2}}{2}
\end{equation}
Using~(\ref{eq:SI_EOM_FT_optical}) and~(\ref{eq:SI_EOM_FT_mech}) along with its Hermitian conjugate, it is straightforward to show that
\begin{align}
\mathrm{i} \begin{pmatrix} \Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1} & 0 \\ 0 & \Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2}  \end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} \delta a_{1} \\ \delta a_{2}  \end{pmatrix}
+&\mathrm{i} \left(\frac{1}{\Sigma_{m}^-}-\frac{1}{\Sigma_{m}^+}\right)
\begin{pmatrix} |g_1|^2 & g_1 g_2^\ast \\ g_1^\ast g_2 & |g_2|^2 \end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} \delta a_{1} \\ \delta a_{2}  \end{pmatrix} \nonumber \\
+&\mathrm{i} \left(\frac{1}{\Sigma_{m}^-}-\frac{1}{\Sigma_{m}^+}\right)
\begin{pmatrix} g_1^2 & g_1 g_2 \\ g_1 g_2 & g_2^2 \end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} \delta a_{1}^\dagger \\ \delta a_{2}^\dagger  \end{pmatrix}
+ D^{\text{T}} \begin{pmatrix} \delta s^{+}_{1} \\ \delta s^{+}_{2}  \end{pmatrix} =0.
\label{eq:SI_nonRSB}
\end{align}
For the remainder we will consider operation in the resolved side-band regime, which allows ignoring the non-resonant terms involving $a_{1,2}^\dagger$ in equation~(\ref{eq:SI_nonRSB}), such that it simplifies to
\begin{equation}
\mathrm{i} \left[ \begin{pmatrix} \Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1} & 0 \\ 0 & \Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2}  \end{pmatrix}
+\mathrm{i} \left(\frac{1}{\Sigma_{m}^-}-\frac{1}{\Sigma_{m}^+}\right)
\begin{pmatrix} |g_1|^2 & g_1 g_2^\ast \\ g_1^\ast g_2 & |g_2|^2 \end{pmatrix} \right]
\begin{pmatrix} \delta a_{1} \\ \delta a_{2}  \end{pmatrix}
+ D^{\text{T}} \begin{pmatrix} \delta s^{+}_{1} \\ \delta s^{+}_{2}  \end{pmatrix} =0.
\label{eq:SI_RSB}
\end{equation}
Given that we are particularly interested in probe signals that are detuned from the control by approximately the mechanical resonance frequency $(|\omega\mp\Omega_{m}|\ll\Omega_{m})$, one can always neglect one of the two terms involving mechanical susceptibilities $1/\Sigma_{m}^\pm$. For $\bar{\Delta}_j\approx\mp\Omega_{m}$, the frequency-domain evolution matrix $M$ can now be found from equation~(\ref{eq:SI_RSB}) to be
\begin{equation}
M=\begin{pmatrix}
\bar{\Delta}_1 + \mathrm{i}\frac{\kappa_1}{2} & 0 \\
0 & \bar{\Delta}_2 + \mathrm{i}\frac{\kappa_2}{2}
\end{pmatrix}
\mp \frac{1}{\Sigma_{m}^\pm}
\begin{pmatrix} |g_1|^2 & g_1 g_2^\ast \\ g_1^\ast g_2 & |g_2|^2 \end{pmatrix}.
\end{equation}
Clearly, in order to break the symmetry of $M$, which is a necessary condition for breaking the reciprocity of the system, one needs to enforce $g_1 g_2^\ast \neq g_1^\ast g_2$, thus requiring $\Delta\phi=\arg\left(g_2\right)-\arg\left(g_{1} \right)\neq n \pi$ where $n \in\mathbb{N}$. The resulting scattering matrix reads
\begin{equation}
S=C+\mathrm{i} D(M+\omega I)^{-1} D^\text{T} =C+\mathrm{i} D
\begin{pmatrix}
\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1} \mp \frac{|g_1|^2}{\Sigma_{m}^\pm} & \mp \frac{g_1 g_2^\ast}{\Sigma_{m}^\pm} \\
\mp \frac{g_1^\ast g_2}{\Sigma_{m}^\pm} & \Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2} \mp \frac{|g_2|^2}{\Sigma_{m}^\pm}
\end{pmatrix}^{\!\!-1}
D^\text{T}.
\label{eq:SI_Smatrix}
\end{equation}
Using equation~(\ref{eq:SI_Sdif}), the difference in transmission $S_{21}-S_{12}$ is directly given as
\begin{equation}
S_{21}-S_{12} = 2\sin\Delta\phi \frac{\det D}{\sqrt{\kappa_1\kappa_2}} \frac{\mp 2\sqrt{\mathcal{C}_1\mathcal{C}_2}}{(\delta_\pm+\mathrm{i})(\delta_1+\mathrm{i})(\delta_2+\mathrm{i})\mp(\mathcal{C}_2(\delta_1+\mathrm{i})+\mathcal{C}_1(\delta_2+\mathrm{i}))},
\label{eq:SI_SdifC}
\end{equation}
where again the upper and lower signs relate to red $(\bar{\Delta}_{1,2}\approx -\Omega_{m})$ and blue $(\bar{\Delta}_{1,2}\approx +\Omega_{m})$  detuned regimes respectively, and we have defined
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{C}_j\equiv\frac{4|g_j|^2}{\kappa_j\Gamma_{\!m}}, \,\,\, \delta_\pm\equiv\frac{\omega\mp\Omega_{m}}{\Gamma_{\!m}/2}, \,\,\,
\delta_j\equiv\frac{\omega+\bar{\Delta}_j}{\kappa_j/2}.
\end{equation}
Alternatively, one can obtain $S_{12}$ and $S_{21}$ separately, which are given by:
\begin{equation}
S_{12} = c_{12}+\mathrm{i}\frac{2A\pm 2\sqrt{\mathcal{C}_1\mathcal{C}_2}(d_{12}d_{21}e^{\mathrm{i}\Delta\phi}+d_{11}d_{22}e^{-\mathrm{i}\Delta\phi}}{\sqrt{\kappa_1\kappa_2}[(\delta_\pm+\mathrm{i})(\delta_1+\mathrm{i})(\delta_2+\mathrm{i})\mp(\mathcal{C}_2(\delta_1+\mathrm{i})+\mathcal{C}_1(\delta_2+\mathrm{i}))]},
\label{eq:SI_S12}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
S_{21} = c_{21}+\mathrm{i}\frac{2A\pm 2\sqrt{\mathcal{C}_1\mathcal{C}_2}(d_{11}d_{22}e^{\mathrm{i}\Delta\phi}+d_{12}d_{21}e^{-\mathrm{i}\Delta\phi}}{\sqrt{\kappa_1\kappa_2}[(\delta_\pm+\mathrm{i})(\delta_1+\mathrm{i})(\delta_2+\mathrm{i})\mp(\mathcal{C}_2(\delta_1+\mathrm{i})+\mathcal{C}_1(\delta_2+\mathrm{i}))]},
\label{eq:SI_S21}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
A=d_{11}d_{21}\sqrt{\frac{\kappa_2}{\kappa_1}}[(\delta_\pm+\mathrm{i})(\delta_2+\mathrm{i})\mp\mathcal{C}_2]+d_{12}d_{22}\sqrt{\frac{\kappa_1}{\kappa_2}}[(\delta_\pm+\mathrm{i})(\delta_1+\mathrm{i})\mp\mathcal{C}_1],
\end{equation}
Note that these expressions are general in the sense that they are valid regardless of the way the modes are coupled to the ports. In section E we will consider a specific implementation.

\section{Diagonalization of the optical evolution matrix}
Here we show that in general it is always possible to find a proper eigenbasis that diagonalizes the evolution matrix of an optical system. To show this, consider an optical system described through the coupled mode equations:
\begin{equation}
\frac{d}{dt} \mathbf{a} = \mathrm{i}\Theta \mathbf{a} + D^{\text{T}} \mathbf{s_+},
\label{eq:SI_modeEvo}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{s_-} = C \mathbf{s_+} + D \mathbf{a},
\label{eq:SI_inputOutput}
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{a}=(a_1\;a_2)^{\text{T}}$ represents the modal amplitude of the two modes and $\mathbf{s_\pm}=(s_1^\pm \; s_2^\pm)^{\text{T}}$ represents the vector of inputs/outputs at two ports. The evolution matrix $\Theta$ can in general be written in form of:
\begin{equation}
\Theta = \begin{pmatrix} \Delta_1 & \mu \\ \mu & \Delta_2 \end{pmatrix}
+\mathrm{i}/2 \begin{pmatrix} \kappa_1 & \kappa_r \\ \kappa_r & \kappa_2 \end{pmatrix}
\end{equation}
where in this relation $\Delta_{1,2}$ represent the frequency detunings of the two modes with respect to a central resonance frequency, $\mu$ represents the mutual coupling and $\kappa_1, \kappa_2$ and $\kappa_r$ are the optical losses due to intrinsic losses and leakage to ports as well as mutual coupling. Defining $X_R$ and $X_L$ as two matrices with the right and left eigenvectors of $\Theta$ as their columns and rows respectively, one can write [2]:
\begin{align}
\Theta X_R &= X_R \Lambda, \label{eq:SI_diag1}\\
X_L \Theta &= \Lambda X_L,\label{eq:SI_diag2}
\end{align}
where $\Lambda$ is the diagonal matrix of eigenvalues. Given that $\Theta$ is symmetric, the left and right eigenvectors are related via $X_L=X_R^{\text{T}}$. On the other hand, one can show that $X_L X_R=X_R X_L$ is diagonal.
Therefore through a proper normalization of the eigenvectors one can write $X_R^{\text{T}} X_R=X_R X_R^{\text{T}}=I$, thus $X_R$ is an orthogonal matrix. Equations~(\ref{eq:SI_modeEvo}) and~(\ref{eq:SI_inputOutput}) can now be written as:
\begin{align}
\frac{d}{dt} X_R \,\mathbf{a}&=\mathrm{i} X_R \Theta X_R^{\text{T}} X_R \,\mathbf{a} + X_R D^{\text{T}} \mathbf{s_+},\\
\mathbf{s_-} &= C\mathbf{s_+} + D X_R^{\text{T}} X_R \, \mathbf{a},
\end{align}
which can be written in form of equations~(\ref{eq:SI_modeEvo}) and~(\ref{eq:SI_inputOutput}) as
\begin{align}
\frac{d}{dt} \,\mathbf{a'}&=\mathrm{i} \Theta' \,\mathbf{a'} + D^{'\text{T}} \mathbf{s_+},\\
\mathbf{s_-} &= C\mathbf{s_+} + D' \, \mathbf{a'},
\end{align}
Here, $\mathbf{a'}=X_R \,\mathbf{a}$ is the new basis and $D'=D X_R^{\text{T}}$ represents the transformed mode-port coupling matrix. In the new eigenmode basis, the evolution matrix $\Theta'$ is defined as:
\begin{equation}
\Theta'=X_R \Theta X_R^{\text{T}}.
\end{equation}
Given the fact that $\Theta$ is symmetric, equations~(\ref{eq:SI_diag1}) and~(\ref{eq:SI_diag2})  directly imply that      $\Theta'$ is diagonal. Therefore, without loss of generality one can consider the optical evolution matrix as follows:
\begin{equation}
\Theta =  \begin{pmatrix} \Delta_1 & 0 \\ 0 & \Delta_2 \end{pmatrix}
+\mathrm{i}/2 \begin{pmatrix} \kappa_1 & 0 \\ 0 & \kappa_2 \end{pmatrix}.
\end{equation}

\section{Derivation of the determinant of the coupling matrix \textit{D}}
As shown in equation~(\ref{eq:SI_SdifC}), the contrast between forward and backward transmission coefficients is directly proportional with the determinant of the mode-port coupling matrix $D$ thus breaking the reciprocity demands $\det(D) \neq 0$. Here, we show that this determinant can in general be obtained in terms of the out-coupling losses of the optical modes.
In fact, the energy conservation relation $D^\dagger D=K_e$ implies that:
\begin{equation}
|\det(D)|^2=\det (K_e) =\eta_1\kappa_1\eta_2\kappa_2,
\label{eq:SI_detSq}
\end{equation}
where $\eta_1=\frac{\kappa_{e_{1}}}{\kappa_1}$ and $\eta_2=\frac{\kappa_{e_{2}}}{\kappa_2}$ represent the ratio of out-coupling to total losses for each mode.
On the other hand, the time reversal symmetry requirement of the optical system, i.e., $CD^\ast=-D$ imposes a condition on the phase of this determinant according to $\det(C) \det(D)^\ast = \det(D)$.
Multiplying left and right with $\det(D)$ yields $\det(C) |\det(D)|^2=(\det(D))^2$. Equation~(\ref{eq:SI_detSq}) now directly gives
\begin{equation}
\det(D)=\sqrt{\eta_1\eta_2\kappa_1\kappa_2 \det C}.
\end{equation}
Note that in general, C is a unitary matrix with $|\det(C)|=1$.
In addition, by adjusting the evaluation point at the two ports one can properly choose the phase of $\det(C)$.
For the system we consider in section E, we have chosen $\det(C)=-1$, which results in $\det(D)=\mathrm{i}\sqrt{\eta_1\eta_2\kappa_1\kappa_2}$.

According to this relation a necessary condition for breaking the reciprocity is that $\eta_1\neq 0$ and $\eta_2\neq 0$.
This latter means that both optical modes should be coupled to the ports, or equivalently, the number of independent decay ports ($l$=rank($D$)) should be equal to the number of the actual ports. A possible scenario that violates this condition is the presence of a dark state which is decoupled from the two ports of the system [3]. This is in fact a scenario that would arise when diagonalizing a system that consists of two modes that have equal symmetry with respect to the output channels, through which they would couple at finite rate $\kappa_r$.

\section{Microring resonator system}
Here we explore the microring resonator as a specific case of the general formalism derived in previous sections. In such structure, the direct scattering matrix $C$ can be written as:
\begin{equation}
C=\begin{pmatrix} 0&1\\ 1&0 \end{pmatrix},
\end{equation}
Here, instead of using the clockwise $a_\mathrm{cw}$ and counterclockwise $a_\mathrm{ccw}$ traveling modes, we need to consider the even and odd standing modes, $a_1=(a_\mathrm{cw}+a_\mathrm{ccw})/\sqrt{2}$ and $a_2=(a_\mathrm{cw}-a_\mathrm{ccw})/\mathrm{i}\sqrt{2}$, as our base modes, such that equations~(\ref{eq:SI_timeEvolution}) and~(\ref{eq:SIoutputFields}) are consistent.
We consider a potentially non-zero frequency splitting $\delta\omega_2-\delta\omega_1$ between the two even and odd modes.
Therefore, the $\Theta$ matrix involving resonance frequencies can be written as in Eq.~(\ref{eq:SI_Theta}).
On the other hand, the symmetry/anti-symmetry of the even/odd mode directly implies [1] $d_{11}=d_{21}$ and $d_{12}=-d_{22}$.
The time reversal symmetry requirement, $CD^\ast=-D$, therefore leads to $d_{11}^\ast=-d_{11}$ and $d_{22}^\ast=d_{22}$.
While the power conservation relation, $D^\dagger D = K_e$ leads to $\kappa_{e_{1}}=2|d_{11}|^2, \kappa_{e_{2}}=2|d_{22}|^2$, thus $D$ is obtained as
\begin{equation}
D=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\begin{pmatrix}
\mathrm{i}\sqrt{\kappa_{e_{1}}} & -\sqrt{\kappa_{e_{2}}} \\
\mathrm{i}\sqrt{\kappa_{e_{1}}} & \sqrt{\kappa_{e_{2}}}
\end{pmatrix}.
\label{eq:SI_Dmatrix}
\end{equation}
As a result, for a single drive field with amplitude $\bar{\text{s}}_\text{control}$ incident through port 1 and using $G_1=G_2=G$, the coupling rates $g_1$ and $g_2$ are now given by
\begin{equation}
\begin{pmatrix} g_1\\g_2 \end{pmatrix}
= Gx_\mathrm{{zpf}} \begin{pmatrix} \alpha_1\\ \alpha_2 \end{pmatrix}
= Gx_\mathrm{{zpf}}
\begin{pmatrix}
\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1}^{-1}(\omega=0) & 0 \\
0 & \Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2}^{-1}(\omega=0)
\end{pmatrix} D^\text{T}
\begin{pmatrix} \bar{\text{s}}_\text{control} \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
=-\frac{Gx_\mathrm{{zpf}} \, \bar{\text{s}}_\text{control}}{\sqrt{2}}
\begin{pmatrix}
\frac{\sqrt{\eta_1\kappa_1}}{\bar{\Delta}_{1}+\mathrm{i}\kappa_1/2} \\
\mathrm{i} \frac{\sqrt{\eta_2\kappa_2}}{\bar{\Delta}_{2}+\mathrm{i}\kappa_2/2}
\end{pmatrix}.
\end{equation}
Thus for large detuning $|\bar{\Delta}_{1,2}|\gg\kappa_{1,2}$, the optimal phase difference $\Delta\phi=\pi/2$  is automatically satisfied by pumping through a single channel.

Based on Eqs.~(\ref{eq:SI_GenScatMat}) and~(\ref{eq:SI_Dmatrix}), the scattering matrix is written as
\begin{equation}
S= \begin{pmatrix} 0&1\\ 1&0 \end{pmatrix}
+\frac{\mathrm{i}}{2}
\begin{pmatrix}
\mathrm{i}\sqrt{\kappa_{e_{1}}} & -\sqrt{\kappa_{e_{2}}} \\
\mathrm{i}\sqrt{\kappa_{e_{1}}} & \sqrt{\kappa_{e_{2}}}
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1} \mp \frac{|g_1|^2}{\Sigma_{m}^\pm} & \mp \frac{g_1 g_2^\ast}{\Sigma_{m}^\pm} \\
\mp \frac{g_1^\ast g_2}{\Sigma_{m}^\pm} & \Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2} \mp \frac{|g_2|^2}{\Sigma_{m}^\pm}
\end{pmatrix}^{\!\!-1}
\begin{pmatrix}
\mathrm{i}\sqrt{\kappa_{e_{1}}} &\mathrm{i}\sqrt{\kappa_{e_{1}}} \\
 -\sqrt{\kappa_{e_{2}}} & \sqrt{\kappa_{e_{2}}}
\end{pmatrix}.
\end{equation}
From here, the forward and backward transmission coefficients are obtained as follows:
\begin{equation}
S_{12}=1-\frac{\mathrm{i}}{2} \frac{\kappa_{e_{2}}(\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1}\Sigma_{m}^\pm \mp |g_1|^2)+\kappa_{e_{1}}(\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2}\Sigma_{m}^\pm\mp |g_2|^2)\mp\mathrm{i}\sqrt{\kappa_{e_{1}}\kappa_{e_{2}}}(g_1 g_2^\ast-g_1^\ast g_2)}{\Sigma_{m}^\pm\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1}\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2}\mp\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2}|g_1|^2\mp\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1}|g_2|^2},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
S_{21}=1-\frac{\mathrm{i}}{2} \frac{\kappa_{e_{2}}(\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1}\Sigma_{m}^\pm \mp |g_1|^2)+\kappa_{e_{1}}(\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2}\Sigma_{m}^\pm\mp |g_2|^2)\pm\mathrm{i}\sqrt{\kappa_{e_{1}}\kappa_{e_{2}}}(g_1 g_2^\ast-g_1^\ast g_2)}{\Sigma_{m}^\pm\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1}\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2}\mp\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_2}|g_1|^2\mp\Sigma_{\mathrm{o}_1}|g_2|^2}.
\end{equation}
These latter relations can be rewritten in terms of multi-photon cooperativities of both modes as follows:
\begin{equation}
S_{12}=1-\mathrm{i}\frac{\eta_2\left((\delta_1+\mathrm{i})(\delta_\pm+\mathrm{i})\mp\mathcal{C}_1\right)+\eta_1\left((\delta_2+\mathrm{i})(\delta_\pm+\mathrm{i})\mp\mathcal{C}_2\right)\mp 2\sqrt{\eta_1\eta_2}\sqrt{\mathcal{C}_1\mathcal{C}_2} \sin(\Delta\phi)}
{(\delta_1+\mathrm{i})(\delta_2+\mathrm{i})(\delta_\pm+\mathrm{i})\mp(\delta_2+\mathrm{i})\mathcal{C}_1\mp(\delta_1+\mathrm{i})\mathcal{C}_2},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
S_{21}=1-\mathrm{i}\frac{\eta_2\left((\delta_1+\mathrm{i})(\delta_\pm+\mathrm{i})\mp\mathcal{C}_1\right)+\eta_1\left((\delta_2+\mathrm{i})(\delta_\pm+\mathrm{i})\mp\mathcal{C}_2\right)\pm 2\sqrt{\eta_1\eta_2}\sqrt{\mathcal{C}_1\mathcal{C}_2} \sin(\Delta\phi)}
{(\delta_1+\mathrm{i})(\delta_2+\mathrm{i})(\delta_\pm+\mathrm{i})\mp(\delta_2+\mathrm{i})\mathcal{C}_1\mp(\delta_1+\mathrm{i})\mathcal{C}_2}.
\end{equation}

\subsection*{Optical modes with identical loss and coupling}
In order to explore the maximum contrast between the forward and backward transmission coefficients, we consider a resonant probe excitation corresponding to $\omega=\pm\Omega_{m}$.
Furthermore, the two optical modes exhibit the same amount of losses $(\kappa_{e_{1,2}}=\kappa_e$, $\kappa_{0_{1,2}}=\kappa_0$), and for simplicity we also assume that both modes are pumped with the same internal cavity photon numbers $(|g_{1,2}|=|g|)$ while they can in general exhibit different phases.
In this case the scattering parameters can be greatly simplified to:
\begin{align}
S_{12}=&1-\eta \frac{2\pm\mathcal{C} (1+\sin(\Delta\phi))} {1\pm\mathcal{C}+\beta^2}, \\
S_{21}=&1-\eta \frac{2\pm\mathcal{C} (1-\sin(\Delta\phi))} {1\pm\mathcal{C}+\beta^2}, \label{eq:SI_S21Simple}
\end{align}
where $\mathcal{C}=2\mathcal{C}_1=2\mathcal{C}_2$ and $\beta=(\pm\Omega_{m}+\bar{\Delta}_1)/(\kappa/2)=-(\pm\Omega_{m}+\bar{\Delta}_2)/(\kappa/2)$.
Note that both transmissions are real quantities and their contrast is obtained as
\begin{equation}
S_{21}-S_{12}=2\eta \frac{\pm\mathcal{C}\sin(\Delta\phi)} {1\pm\mathcal{C}+\beta^2},
\end{equation}
This relation clearly shows that maximum contrast can be obtained for $\Delta\phi=\pi/2$, i.e., $g_2=\mathrm{i} g_1$.
Under the condition of critical coupling $(\eta=\kappa_e/\kappa=1/2)$ the difference between the transmittivities of the forward and backward probes is obtained from
\begin{equation}
\Delta T=|S_{21}|^2 - |S_{12}|^2 = \frac{\mathcal{C}(\mathcal{C}\pm 2\beta^{2})}{(1\pm\mathcal{C}+\beta^{2})^{2}},
\label{eq:SI_DeltaT}
\end{equation}
which is similar to equation~(\ref{eq:DeltaT}) in the main text and can be further simplified to $\Delta T=\mathcal{C}^2/(\mathcal{C}\pm 1)^2$ for the case of degenerate modes.
This latter relation shows that the contrast between forward and backward transmission coefficients is monotonically increasing with cooperativity and asymptotically approaches unity for $\mathcal{C}\rightarrow\infty$. In addition, it is possible to properly adjust a finite $\mathcal{C}$ so that the backward probe can be completely blocked, i.e., $S_{12}=0$.
From Eq.~(\ref{eq:SI_S21Simple}), for the red detuned regime, such relation is obtained to be:
\begin{equation}
(2\eta-1)(1+\mathcal{C})=\beta^2
\label{eq:SI_blocking}
\end{equation}
Note that this relation can only be satisfied for a strongly coupled system, i.e., when $\eta>1/2$. For zero mode splitting $(\beta=0)$ equation~(\ref{eq:SI_blocking}) reduces to the condition of critical coupling $\eta=1/2$. In such scenario, independent from the cooperativity, the backward probe can always be fully blocked, while larger cooperativities can increase the forward transmission.

\section{Experimental details}
\subsection*{Experimental setup}
The silica microtoroid (diameter = 41 $\mu$m) is fabricated using techniques as previously reported (see for example reference [4]). A tuneable fibre-coupled external cavity diode laser (New Focus, TLB-6728) is locked to a mechanical sideband of a whispering gallery mode at 1542 nm using a modified Pound-Drever-Hall scheme that can be used independent of the probe beam direction. The probe light is generated using a commercial Double-Parallel Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (DPMZI) (Thorlabs, LN86S-FC) operated in single-sideband carrier-suppressed mode, driven by the output of a VNA at frequency $\Omega$. The resulting probe light has frequency $\omega_\mathrm{probe}=\omega_\mathrm{control}\pm\Omega$. The sign of the frequency shift, as well as the suppression of the carrier (by 50 dB with respect to the generated probe) is controlled by bias voltages applied to the DPMZI. Pump and probe amplitude and polarization are controlled with Variable Optical Attenuators (VOA) and Fibre Polarization Controllers (FPC) (Fig.~\ref{fig:optomechanics_isolation}a). The probe beam propagating in forward or backward direction is recombined with the control beam and their beat on fast (125 MHz) low-noise photo receivers (D1/D2) is analyzed with a VNA. It should be noted that fluctuations of the optical length difference of probe and control paths generate phase fluctuations of the beat analysed by the VNA. To minimize these phase fluctuations on the time scale of the inverse bandwidth (5 kHz)$^{-1}$ of the VNA, the lengths of the paths Laser/C1/D2 and Laser/Switch/C1/D2 are matched, as well as those of the paths Laser/D1 and Laser/Switch/C2/D1 (see Fig.~\ref{fig:optomechanics_isolation}a).
\subsection*{Measurement procedure and fitting}
Before each measurement the probe power in both propagation directions is balanced using a VOA in one of the probe arms. The polarization of both probe directions is controlled via FPCs, which are tuned separately to optimize the fibre to cavity-mode coupling. To calibrate the transmittance at the probe frequency, a reference measurement is performed with control and probe tuned away from the cavity resonance. Both the reference and measurement are averages of 75 traces of a frequency-swept probe. For each measurement, $|S_{ij}|^2$ is fitted over a wide ω range used to determine $\bar{\Delta}_j$ and $\kappa_j$. Fixing these values, the same equation is fitted to a smaller frequency range surrounding the OMIT peak to yield values for η$\eta_j$ and $|g_j|$. In all fits, $\Omega_{m}/2\pi$ and $\Gamma_{\!m}/2\pi$ are kept fixed at the independently determined values from thermal noise spectra obtained with a spectrum analyzer. The theory curve in figure~\ref{fig:powerDep_Amp}a is obtained using the average value $\eta_j=0.453$ as determined from the four measurements at different control powers. \\

\noindent\textbf{References}\\
\noindent [1] Suh, W., Wang, Z., \& Fan, S. Temporal coupled-mode theory and the presence of non-orthogonal modes in lossless multimode cavities. \textit{IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics}, \textbf{40}, 1511 (2004).

\noindent [2] Arfken, G. (1985). Mathematical Methods for Physicists. Academic Press, San Diego.

\noindent [3] Gentry, C. M., \& Popovi\'{c}, M. A. Dark state lasers. \textit{Optics letters}, \textbf{39}, 4136 (2014).

\noindent [4] A. Schliesser, R. Rivi\`{e}re, G. Anetsberger, O. Arcizet, and T. J. Kippenberg. Resolved sideband cooling of a micromechanical oscillator. \textit{Nature Physics}, \textbf{4}, 415 (2008).

\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Implementing the Affordable Care Act: State Action to Establish SHOP Marketplaces
Sarah J. Dash
and Kevin Lucia
The Affordable Care Act seeks to help small employers offer coverage by reforming the small-group market and establishing Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP) marketplaces. Seventeen states and the District of Columbia chose to operate their own SHOP marketplaces in 2014, with the federal government operating the SHOP marketplace in 33 states. This brief examines state decisions to enhance the value of SHOP marketplaces for small employers and finds that most have set
predictable participation and eligibility requirements and will offer a competitive choice of insurers and plans. States also are seeking to facilitate small employers' shopping experience through online tools and access to personalized assistance. While not all SHOP marketplaces are yet functioning as intended, their establishment offers an opportunity to identify successful strategies for improving the affordability and accessibility of coverage for small employers.
New Report: Affordable Care Act Has Narrowed Racial and Ethnic Gaps in Access to Health Care, But Progress Has Stalled
January 16, 2020 | Press Release
Cómo la Ley del Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio ha reducido las disparidades raciales y étnicas en el acceso a la atención médica
How the Affordable Care Act Has Narrowed Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Health Care
Nuevo informe: La Ley del Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio ha disminuido las desigualdades raciales y étnicas en el acceso a la salud, pero el progreso se ha estancado
Author: Sarah J. Dash, Kevin Lucia, Amy Thomas
Summary Writer: Deborah Lorber
Citation: S. J. Dash, K. W. Lucia, and A. Thomas, Implementing the Affordable Care Act: State Action to Establish SHOP Marketplaces, The Commonwealth Fund, March 2014.
President and CEO, Alliance for Health Policy
Kevin Lucia
Research Professor, Center on Health Insurance Reforms, Health Policy Institute, McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


**RARE FIND** 1.8 Acres in The Highly Sought After Community of Fairway Crossing! NOT Located on the Golf Course. Very Private Location To Build Your Dream Home With Room To Spare! Raising FFA Show Animals Are Allowed On This Lot. Zoned to Huffman ISD's Brand New Falcon Ridge Elementary And A Very Affordable LOW TAX RATE of 2.1 !! Don't Hesitate To Purchase One of The Last Acreage Lots Available.... This One Won't Last Long!
2040 Oak View Meadows Drive Huffman TX 77336 was recently sold. It is a 1.79 Acre(s) Lot, in Fairway Crossing.


Taken from Plymouth Women's Patterns: This beautiful and airy pullover is also a warm winter layer that looks great with just about any outfit!
This pattern is from Plymouth Women's Patterns - Short Sleeved Cowl Neck Pullover.
Size US 5 circular needles (or size needed to obtain gauge), stitch markers, and a tapestry needle are required but not included.
Finished Bust Measurements: 34 (37.5, 41, 44.75, 48)" after blocking.
Gauge: 22 sts & 32 rows over 4".
Color Shown is #1120 Teal.


We purchased a used Subaru Impreza from them for our sons first car. They were great to work with they went through everything with my son and were very professional. The car is clean and in great condition. We are very happy with the way they treated us.
I want to thank Jason for a great customer service . I loved my truck Jason was very helpful have no problems with it . I recommend people to go here same day they will make things happen if they did for me they will for u .
Stellar service from Paul Hewitt!
Bought a 2007 Forester from Vernon Auto in September. It was no pressure purchase. Al let me take my time making the decision. The AC compressor was shot and it was replaced before pick-up. About 3 weeks after taking delivery one of the transmission cooler lines blew. The car was towed back to Vernon Auto. They fixed the line without any questions at no charge. Since then I have periodically taken the Forester (and my other cars) to them for service. They have been fair and provide good service. It was a high mileage vehicle when we bought at about 160,000. It's needed few things here and there, but we have put about 50,000 miles on it over the past 27 months -- with just a few reports. My only complaint about the Forester purchase was the car had not been cleaned very well before pick-up. When I'm in the market for another car I'll be giving Vernon Auto a chance to earn repeat business.
I had a excellent experience at Bertera Subaru from working with my knowledgeable , friendly and attentive sales consultant Issa to completing the transaction with Crist the business manager. He was extremely helpful and make the transaction run smooth.
I am very happy with this dealership. Joseph Boughton was the best dealer I ever had to deal with. I will be sending my friends to him soon. Great experience.
We have bought several vehicles from Bertera of Hartford always from Issa Daoud. He is probably the best car salesman I have ever dealt with. He listens to what you need, goes above and beyond to ensure that you get what you asked for and leave happy, and follows up after the sale. A really great experience. I have referred many friends to Issa and they always walk away happy. The only reason they get 4 not 5 stars is that at times the negotiation process gets contentious by sales management which should be unnecessary with all the tools available to plan with before you walk in the door. The finance team is very efficient and explain everything clearly. If you are looking for a new Subaru I highly recommend this dealership.
I have owned this car for almost 4 years now and love it. I'm almost six feet tall and I fit comfortably inside it though if someone is behind me they may be a bit scrunched up. If you're a smaller person you'll have no problem fitting into one of these. Car handles great, the AWD is great for Colorado Winter Driving. Never had a problem there. Only minor complaint is that I can't see the end of the hood so I've hit a couple of curbs in my time. With it being smaller and shorter than the outback, the hatchback version is great for getting around some of the narrow streets here in Denver and the car can fit a surprising amount inside of it. Would highly recommend the vehicle.
The experience of dealing with Bertera Subaru of Hartford has been a pleasant one to say the least. The dealership is a very professional establishment and I am thoroughly satisfied with my purchase, both in terms of price and service. For approximately two weeks Mr. Salazar and I had communicated through emails, text messages and over the phone being that I live in NYC. In a relatively short time span, we were able to come to an agreement on the price, and a very short while later I found myself on a trip up to Hartford, CT to pick up my new vehicle. When I arived at the dealership, I was pleasantly greeted, shown my vehicle, and allowed to inspect it while the dealership finalized the necessary paperwork. Before I knew it, the various forms were explained to me, which I then signed and was on my way home in my brand new vehicle. I would highly recommend Bertera Subaru to other prospective Subaru customers if they are at all interested in a great car buying experience, and one fantastic vehicle brand to boot.
Quick, efficient, professional are the three words that come to mind. I had a wonderful experience here from the time I walked in the door to driving out in the exact car I wanted! Anthony, my dealer, was very knowledgeable and helpful and made the whole experience easy and stress free!
I found Bertera through the internet, and arranged for an appointment. The receptionist was warm, friendly. Tim spent time with me, identifying my needs and making sure I was palced with the right sales representative. I felt I was in good hands from the start. My sales consultant, Rick Nepola, was outstanding!! He listened carefully to what I was looking for, discussed different options for me, and searched for the right car to lease (a 2018 Cross Trek Limited) to meet my current needs, as well as address the quality of car I was used to driving. He was not in any way pushy, he provided facts and answered my questions calmly and intelligently. The test drive was a comfortable experience and he encouraged me to drive the car as if it were my own. He took me through the deposit and paperwork process with patience and was very caring about my concerns throughout. He took all the time I needed on delivery day, and introduced me to the service staff as well. I was treated like a very special customer, and I assume all Bertera customers are treated that way. Rick and the service staff have been readily available to help me follow up questions about the amazing technology and make sure I am happy with my new car. I have been delighted with my experience and with my car!
Shayla was a pleasure to work with. She got me the car I wanted at the price I wanted. I would recommend M&M to anyone looking for an honest deal from people you can trust.


Subtopic: Celebration Symbols and their meaning.
of some familiar celebration symbols and their meanings.
Birthdays-A person's day of birth.
Candles- Early people believed that the smoke from fires would ascend to the tops of the distant mountains, to the far away sky. They hoped that the gods who lived in these mysterious places would answer their prayers they had said over the flames.
Games- Playing games at birthday parties are suppose to symbolize trying to know the unknown, in this case the unknown is the future or the new year of life that lies ahead for the birthday person.
Noise makers (horns, bursting balloons, firecrackers)- are suppose to scare of any bad-luck spirits that are hovering over the birthday person.
Spankings- Birthday spanks, spank away any evil spirits and send them scurrying far into the distance. Punches, thumps, and pinches are supposed to do the same thing. In Belgium, a family member may tiptoe into the birthday child's room early in the morning, and awake the child with a prick of a needle for good luck.
Black Cats- The Celtic people believed that the evil spirits took the form of the cats. Because of this people were afraid of cats. They believed that cats had evil powers.
Costumes- Long ago, the Celtic people of the British Isles celebrated a harvest called Samhain, in honor of the dead. The Celts believed that on that night, spirits of the dead gathered, so they dressed up in masked customs to frighten them away.
Jack-O-Lanterns- A pumpkin with a face lit by a candle during the pagan celebration of Halloween was originally symbolic of scaring away evil spirits.
Horn of Plenty- This horn full of fruit and vegetables is symbolic of the bounty of harvest in the Thanksgiving celebration.
Turkey- Wild turkeys were hunted then in the forests of Plymouth were the great-grandfather of the birds would appear on the holiday tables.
Christmas Tree- This is symbolic for the hope of world peace.
Evergreen, and Holly- Ancient winter decorations.
Gifts- A Roman tradition, represent the gifts that were given to Christ when he was born.
Mistletoe- As a Christian symbol, came from the Druids, as a symbol of peace. When enemies met under it they took off their swords and embraced each other.
Mincemeat pie- Pie is filled with rich and exotic spices representing the treasures the three wise men brought.
Naivety- A display of figurines depicting the birth of Christ is a common decoration during Christmas and symbolizes this event.
St. Nicholas- There really was a man named Nicholas who was designated a saint by the Catholic Church. Bornin the fourth century A.D., he was a bishop in the church . Legends tell of his kindness and miracles he performed. They also tell of his great love for children.
Horns, Fireworks, Loud Bells- From the earliest times loud bells were used to frighten away evil spirits.
Old Man and Baby- Out with the old (year that has passed) and in with the new.
Roman god with two faces- One head is looking forward to the new year and the other is looking back at the old. This is the reason why in America we stay up late to watch the old year out and the new year in.
Ribbons, Lace and frills-Such items have been associated with romance since days of knighthood. The knight would ride into battle with a piece of ribbon or scarf given to him by his lady fair.
The Dove on Valentine Greeting cards- Doves mate for life this is a sign of fidelity. It is also believed that birds choose their mates on February 14th, this belief has given rise to honoring one's lover or sweetheart on this day.
Valentines- These came from the day that Lupercalia held the Romans. He would put the names of young men and woman into a box and then he would draw them out. The man and woman whose name was drawn at the same time were expected to be sweethearts for the next year. They would often send each other gifts and sweet messages.
Shamrock- In the celebration of St. Patrick's Day, the Shamrock symbolizes the doctrine of the Trinity that St. Patrick taught in bringing Christianity to Ireland.
St. Patrick- March 17 is said to be the day St. Patrick died. He is Ireland's patron saint, who when he was a young man, was captured and sold as a slave. He later escaped France, where he rose to the position of bishop. When he returned to Ireland, be brought with him Christianity, founding many churches and schools.
Easter- First Sunday after the first full moon of the year.
The name Easter- comes from the Anglo-Saxon name for the goddess of spring and fertility.
Eggs- are the symbol of birth and for a long time were not eaten during Lent.
Rabbits and Bunnies- The easter bunnies brought back the eggs that were not eaten during Lent. They are known for their fertility.
Easter Dresses-Constantine commanded his council to wear their most elegant robes to observe the day of christ's resurrection.
Maypole- In England during the rule of Queen Elizabeth I people went into the forest at dawn on May Day to bring back flowers and branches of trees. They would set up a maypole in the town square and decorate it with ribbons and flowers. The people would dance around it to celebrate the blossoming of flowers.
Uncle Sam- he represents stern farmers who built Colonial America.
Ainsworth, Harris. (1979). American Calendar Customs Vol. 1. Buffalo, NY: Clyde.
Ainsworth, Harris. (1980). American Calendar Customs Vol. 2. Buffalo, NY: Clyde.
Burnet, Bernice. (1955). The First Book of Holidays. New York, NY: Franklin Watts.
Crook, Tamara. Celebrations! Logan, UT: Utah State University.
Perl, Lila. (1984) Candles, Cakes, and Donkey Tails. New York, NY: Clarion.
*Students will understand that symbols have meanings.
*Students will be able to identify different celebration symbols and what they mean.
*Students will demonstrate their understanding of the concept of symbols.
*Students will identify a symbol in their life and recreate it.
*Students will create a class room symbol.
Time Allotment: Approximately 3 to 5 class periods.
B. Carousel. Find out what your students know about celebration symbols and their meaning by having them participate in a carousel. Divide the class into 5-10 groups (depending on the number of celebrations you want to address). Hang large white sheets of paper displayed around the room, with a question such as "Celebration symbols for Christmas? Celebration symbols for Easter? etc. attached to the paper. Give each group a different color pen and have them mark all the different celebration symbols they can think of for each holiday being addressed. Remind the students that they cannot repeat a prior groups symbol, and they must have something written in their groups color pen on each paper. Rotate the groups approximately every one minute.
C. Explore. Divide children in groups and give each group several celebration symbols to explore. Have them discuss what each symbol might mean. Have each group of students share their symbol with the rest of the class, and what it might represent (or what it's meaning might be). Leave the symbols out in a center for exploration with a label telling what the symbol is and what it represents. Encourage students to bring appropriate symbols used in celebrations from home for an exploration center.
D. Brainstorm. Have the c 0a whole discuss symbols that were written on the large white sheets of paper from the carousel activity. Write the correct meanings next to the symbols on the sheets of paper, display these sheets next to the exploration center. For those symbols whose meanings are unfamiliar to the students have the students be creative and express what they think they might be by comparing them to the meanings of others. For example: Jack-o-lanterns scared away evil spirits and the celtics also believed that dressing up in costumes did the same.
H. Application. Have the class brainstorm and come up with a classroom symbol, it could either be something that is a signal such as the three fingers or it could be something constructed. Direct them to be creative, and remember it must have meaning to it. Construct an object that will hang in the classroom, reminding the students of the classroom's symbol.
* Pictures and sentences about symbols will be assessed.
* The construction of a symbol from home and it's meaning will be assessed.
* Response to class discussions will be assessed.
* Creation of a classroom symbol will be assessed.
We will be discussing different symbols used in celebrating holidays and what they mean. Along with these symbols we will be discussing symbols that we have with our family at home. Please take a moment to help your child think of a symbol. The symbol can be a holiday decoration that you put up each year to celebrate a holiday, or it could be a symbol (a sign, a gesture, something that stays up year round) that tells members of your family something of importance.
As our class discusses symbols your child will have the opportunity to recreate this symbol and share it with the class. To make this activity possible, your student might need different materials that are not available at school. Please help your child successfully complete this project by finding materials around the house that can be used to model of their symbol.


There is a strong contingent of existing anchor tenants established within the Airport Business Park. As the Park is zoned for both business commercial and light industrial uses there is a wide cross section of industries represented. The commercial land available for lease offered by the Airport Business Park is fully serviced and "shovel ready."
These companies range from BioVectra Inc., a supplier to the global pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to Stantec Inc., a large publicly traded engineering and architecture consulting firm. The opportunity exists to realize synergies between similar complimentary businesses within the Park. The proximity of the University of Prince Edward Island and Holland College campuses also provide the potential for collaboration.
There is ample room for growth at the Airport Business Park. There are an existing 4 serviced airside lots totaling 4 acres and an existing 6 serviced groundside lots totaling 20 acres. There is a further 90 acres of land within the park available for future development.
Additionally, other land development opportunities for airside or groundside lots can be mutually explored.
Click on the interactive map above for individual lot information and availability.


With its manifold functions, the Card Inspection & Sorting System (CISS) can be also designed as a dedicated production machine for scratch cards. The necessary modules can be integrated in an existing CISS – System but can also be designed as a stand-alone-scratch-off-system. The modular design of the CISS allows to integrate different modules. Standard for scratch cards is the input module, the ink-jet printing and the labelling- or hot stamp unit. The machine can be equipped with various other modules like magstripe encoding, verification units as well as different sorting and packaging modules.
The CISS scratch-off system can grow along with the customer´s needs.
Like all other CISS-systems, the machine is very easy to operate using our DIALok Data Center with a graphical user interface which can be equipped with local language. The machine is a heavy-duty, reliant machine for working in multiple-shifts. Due to this reliability, the machine needs less service and works in every production environment.
The withdrawal of the cards from the magazines and the transport system ensure that no scratches will appear on the surface of the card during production.
The CISS scratch-off-system is an efficient, cost-effective solution for print runs ranging from just one single card up to several millions of cards.
The CISS scratch-off system can use all kinds of plastic- and paper cards from 0.35 – 1 mm thickness.
The CISS has a modular design, which allows the system to be upgraded in range and functionality.
Additional features, such as the automated destructions of defect basic card material round up the overall performance of the CISS.


Using semifluorinated alkanes to transform poorly soluble drugs into effective therapeutics.
• Drug delivery to ocular tissues is problematic, as reflected by the notoriously poor bioavailability of topical ocular drug formulations of 5% or less. To further complicate matters, up to 75% of new chemical entities are considered poorly soluble, even for oral administration.
• The three major issues of safety, bioavailability, and stability need to be addressed for ocular formulations. EyeSol, a new ocular drug delivery technology, fulfills these requirements and is based on a semifluorinated alkane platform (F4H5).
• Novaliq is developing a broad portfolio of products across multiple segments based on this concept.
To further complicate matters, up to 75% of new chemical entities are considered poorly soluble, even for oral administration.2-4 In short, a drug is considered poorly soluble if the required dose cannot be dissolved in 250 mL of aqueous medium, and at 40 to 50 µL, an aqueous eye drop has 5,000 times less volume. This exacerbates the solubility problem by several orders of magnitude.
Three major issues need to be addressed for ocular formulations: safety, bioavailability, and stability. EyeSol, a new ocular drug delivery technology developed by the German pharmaceutical company Novaliq, fulfills these requirements. EyeSol is based on a semifluorinated alkane (SFA) platform, specifically F4H5 or perfluorobutylpentane. SFAs are a special class of fluorocarbon compounds that have been used for more than a decade in the posterior segment of thousands of patients and that have an excellent safety profile.5,6 F4H5 is a colorless liquid with high vapor pressure, and it is physically, chemically, and physiologically inert with no catabolism or metabolism in the human body. In addition, low surface and interface tension permits dissipation of the drug within minutes from the ocular surface.
SFAs' low viscosity and surface tension result in droplets of around 15 μL, approximately three times smaller than standard aqueous drops. Thus, SFAs avoid the spillover effect and the subsequent loss of most of the administered dose, which increases their bioavailability. In addition, the refractive index of SFAs is similar to that of water, so these formulations do not impair patients' vision like emulsions and oily drops tend to do.
Due to their amphiphilic nature, SFAs dissolve a number of therapeutically relevant, poorly water-soluble compounds such as cyclosporine A and tacrolimus. Moreover, the aqueous-free environment of this delivery system increases the stability of these drugs by preventing oxidation and hydrolysis.
Novaliq is currently developing a broad portfolio of products (Figure) across multiple segments, including dry eye disease (DED), glaucoma, and retina. In October 2015, along with its European partner Ursapharm, Novaliq brought to market its first product, NovaTears (EvoTears in Europe), an over-the-counter eye drop for the treatment of mild to moderate evaporative DED. In a recent study,7 NovaTears was found to significantly improve four of five measures associated with evaporative DED. The product was also shown to be safe and well tolerated, and it caused no changes in visual acuity or IOP.7 A mean 21-point decrease of the Ocular Surface Disease Index exceeded minimal, clinically important differences for mild or moderate and severe disease. A follow-up to this product, NovaTears with omega-3, has entered the approval phase. It is anticipated that NovaTears with omega-3 will receive the CE Mark this year.
Novaliq's prescription portfolio includes CyclASol, a cyclosporin A 0.05% solution formulation in the SFA vehicle that was granted intellectual property position in the United States, the European Union, and other major markets. A phase 2 safety and efficacy study comparing CyclASol to standard therapy is underway in the United States for the treatment of moderate to severe DED.
1. Peyman Ga, Schulman JA, Sullivan B. Perfluorocarbon liquids in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39(5):375-395.
2. The Food and Drug Administration. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Guidance. April 2009.
http://tinyurl.com/hrlopzh. Accessed February 9, 2016.
3. Löbenberg R, Amidon G. L. Modern bioavailability, bioequivalence and biopharmaceutics classification system. New scientific approaches to international regulatory standards. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2000;50(1):3-12.
4. Scherer D, Reidelshöfer A. Softgel capsules solve economic and safety issues posed by poorly soluble anticancer drugs. Pharm Ind. 2012;5(74):745-749.
5. Kirchhof B, Wong D, Van Meurs J, et al. Use of perfluorohexyloctane as a long-term internal tamponade agent in complicated retinal detachment surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133(1):95-101.
6. Meinert H, Roy T. Semifluorinated alkanes—a new class of compounds with outstanding properties for use in ophthalmology. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2000;10(3):189-197.
7. Steven P, Scherer D, Krösser S, et al. Semifluorinated alkane eye drops for treatment of dry eye disease—a prospective, multicenter noninterventional study. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2015;31(8):498-503.


Sunshine Coast Coffee Machines (SCCM) and Double Shot Electrical (DSE) work along side each other under the soul trader name of Sunshine Coast Coffee Machines PTY LTD.
DSE is currently the commercial servicing and repair side of our business where we service and sell ALL commercial machines from brands such as Expobar to La Marzzoco and many more. Our technicians have been servicing commercial machines on the sunshine coast for years and have an extensive range of parts readily available to minimise your down time.
When you purchase a machine from SCCM/DSE we provide FREE INSTALLATION and FULL PARTS AND LABOUR WARRANTY for 12 months, unlike most of our competitors who offer a parts only warranty. This means for the first 12 months if anything goes wrong with your machine SCCM/DSE can repair it under warranty and all parts and labour with be fully covered leaving you nothing to pay. In addition to all of this we are also fully authorised repair agents for BWT RO Systems and La Marzocco.
To contact Double Shot Electrical please call 0421866777.
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Galliard is London's largest privately owned residential developer and one of the largest housebuilders in the capital.
Over the past 25 years, the company has grown from a small partnership and this has not happened by accident. The combination of a strong, responsible business strategy and robust financial planning has helped Galliard evolve into one of the brand leaders in today's London residential property market.
At Galliard we take being a responsible business seriously. As an employer of choice, our corporate strategy endorses our values and underpins the way in which we conduct our business. We have a genuine desire to create a better London, and a better standard of living for those who live and work amongst us. We endeavour to act responsibly, operate ethically and champion integrity in all of our dealings. Our long-term goal is to engage with the communities within which we work and promote employability, educational advancement, charitable giving, a strong local economy and environmental sustainability. We are committed to delivering a positive and enduring impact on our stakeholders - our employees, our investors, our communities and our clients.
An important factor to our success is the financial strategy that provides the solid foundation on which the group has been built. Risk is spread by the use of joint ventures on the majority of projects. Funding is underpinned by selling off-plan in advance of the construction phase. Marketing is targeted at core customer groups such as Buy-to-Let investors, first time buyers and property investors. Cost control is a top priority to protect margins and maximise returns.
The Galliard brand enjoys a deserved reputation for outstanding value at a competitive price. Combine this with iconic and award-winning developments, and an experienced and able management team, Galliard truly is 'building for the future' in every sense.
Acquiring land and properties with a suitable potential for development is in the foundation that underpins our ongoing growth and success. Our experienced land-buying team has developed a wide resource network that provides a pipeline of opportunities that fit our investment strategy and return criteria.
In an extremely competitive market we have focused on securing off market transactions, usually pre-planning, that offer the best potential to add value. As a privately owned and funded company the greatest advantage we have over our competitors is our ability to make decisions and finalise contracts extremely swiftly. This has become something that we are recognised for in the market and which in itself generates further opportunity.
Of further benefit to the Group is its flexibility and adaptability to market changes. It is a distinct advantage that Galliard is not constrained or restricted to a particular niche or sector of the residential market and can therefore redirect its focus to wherever returns can be maximised at any particular time. As an example, many of our latest acquisitions have been "permitted development" office to residential conversion opportunities which benefit from recent changes streamlining the planning process for such developments. This has allowed us to respond to the significant market demand at present for smaller apartments with affordable asking prices. The team has broadened its area of search to outer London and beyond to find the right opportunities especially as the Central London market has experienced a recent cooling down brought on in part by increases in Stamp Duty Land Tax on more expensive property and the second home surcharge.
We are constantly on the lookout for residential-led development opportunities, either by way of outright purchase or joint venture. Of interest to us is land and/or buildings with or without planning permission; nothing is too small or large to be considered.
As a group of companies concerned with construction, re-development and regeneration, we are acutely aware of the impact we have on the environment, on communities and on people – so we take our Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) duties very seriously indeed.
Those duties commence when we choose the sites on which we wish to build, taking the greatest care to ensure that our proposed developments will enrich the landscapes in which they will be built. We bear in mind environmental factors in relation to ecosystems, wildlife, green areas and biodiversity; we also consider the impact our proposed developments will have on people, communities, infrastructures, transport and other matters.
In addition, wherever possible, we contribute positively to the localities in which we build – ploughing Galliard skills and capabilities back into the community in order to add to the lives of local people and to create rewarding legacies for the future.
Every organisation needs to be aware of the impact of its operations on the environment. At Galliard we are acutely aware of the need to use scarce resources as efficiently as possible, to minimise waste and to acknowledge our responsibility to limit harmful emissions wherever and whenever we can. Our goal is to achieve the highest possible standard of sustainability within our industry.
Equally we want our finished product to maintain the sustainability standards we have set during its construction in terms of the efficiency with which it continues to consume energy in the future. This is achieved through innovative design, intelligent employment of technology and the use of energy efficient materials throughout the construction process.
We have introduced a number of initiatives to actively manage and reduce the impact of waste on our construction sites. Our ultimate aim is to recycle all waste from all our sites. Since January 2014 we have consistently achieved a recycle rate of 98% which, in itself, is an excellent accomplishment. In order to achieve this we segregate all waste into offcuts of plasterboard, metal, concrete, cardboard, plastics, wood and green waste all of which is then channelled through recycling plants.
There are many critical features that our customers look for when choosing their new home; price, design, location, standard of finish, but one of the most important is its energy efficiency and the use of sustainable materials in its construction. These factors are therefore at the forefront of the minds of our design and build teams who work hard to ensure that the sustainability and energy efficiency of our product meets the exacting standards our customers expect.
Wherever possible we will therefore use Forest Stewardship Council ("FSC") certified wood, LED lighting, reduced water flow taps and thermal insulation products using the latest technologies and designs amongst a multitude of other products and initiatives.
As an illustration of our success in this area and using a sample selection of 1,042 apartments completed over the last 12 months, 96.6% achieved an EPC Energy Efficiency Rating of 'B', one level below the best, 'A' , performance level on the EPC 'A' to 'G' rating scale for new homes.
We positively engage with our neighbours to ensure we keep them informed of our plans and clearly provide contact details for specific named Galliard staff on each site so that any concerns can be raised directly and resolved quickly.
Our development plans always incorporate ecological and biodiversification considerations and the developments themselves are characterised by the generous open spaces created where both residents and members of the public can relax. We will also seek to minimise the impact of noise and air pollution whilst maximising the environmental benefit for our communities by planting or retaining trees and shrubs.
Find out more about the Galliard Group and Galliard Homes board of directors.


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Home Sports golf Scout Davis finishes off stellar career at Covington with seventh-place finish at...
Scout Davis finishes off stellar career at Covington with seventh-place finish at golf state tourney
Covington senior golfer Scout Davis did not bring home a title from the state tournament earlier this week at WillowBrook Golf Course in Manchester.
However, his performance there, and throughout his career, probably makes him the best golfer in the history of Covington High School.
He shot a two-over 146 (72-74) Tuesday and Wednesday which was good enough for a seventh-place finish in a field of 61 golfers. Davis was four strokes behind the winner, Jaden Zimmer of Crockett County.
Davis' finish is believed to be the highest of any Covington golfer ever and he is the only Charger to make state four straight years.
He finished 26th as a freshman in 2016, 11th in 2017 and 16th last year in a tournament that was shortened to one round because of inclement weather.
"I got more experience and learned the course over the last three years," Davis said. "I just knew what to do. I knew my boundaries, the wind, things like that. It's a really tight course."
Davis was very consistent on both days. On Tuesday he had two birdies and two bogeys and followed that with three birdies and five bogeys on Wednesday. He parred the other 24 holes.
He has only played WillowBrook four times.
"Freshman year I was pretty nervous," Davis said. "I didn't know what to expect. This being my fourth year, I knew what to expect."
His highlight of the tournament came on the 165-yard No. 17 on Wednesday when he hit a seven iron within a foot and tapped in for birdie, drawing oohs from the gallery.
Covington golf coach Brad Warmath said the conditions were difficult on cold and windy days.
"He's progressively gotten better," Warmath said. "He controls the ball really well and he's got a great short game. He's been good around the green since he was young. He scores on his short game."
Davis said he's played as long as he can remember. When his family moved to a house that backs up to No. 8 on the Covington Country Club Golf Course when he was eight, Davis' game began to take off.
"Ever since then," Davis said, "I loved it."
Davis said he is looking at some colleges at which to continue is golfing career. For now, though, he's riding pretty high after a stellar career at Covington.
Scout Davis executes an iron shot during the state tournament earlier this week in Manchester.
"It was a good four years," Davis said. "I enjoyed it."
Covington HS
Scout Davis
Previous articleOct. 17, 2019
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Tipton County fall sports and bands can begin offseason activities next...


Meaning and origin of the Biblical baby name Horem. Meaning of Horem. What does Horem mean? Horem origin. Information about Horem.
Meaning of Horem: An offering dedicated to God.
Meaning of Horem, Information about First Name Horem, Biblical Origin Names, Choose babynames from thousunds of names data base from various regions and coutries.


Located in the Hallett Cove Conservation Park, The Sugarloaf is a hill that has been shaped by wind and rain over several thousand years and is not remotely sugar-like. Apparently, the whole area was once covered by an ice sheet when Australia was having its own little Ice Age. It's a beaut place for a walk and particularly sweet at sunset. Did you see what I did there with the sugar reference?


Please stop by the office to turn in forms and student medications.
Make sure to update your PikMyKid account before you leave today.
We hope to see you at school next Thursday! Supply drop-off and an open house meet-and-greet with teachers is from 3:00 to 5:00 pm. The supply drop-off helps teachers start with organized classrooms on the first day of school. If you pre-ordered supply packs (which will be at school on 9/4) you should still try to make the open house. It is a great opportunity for students to have a moment of friendly personal interaction with their teacher and gives parents and teachers a chance to chat informally. The open house makes for a smooth, easy landing back at school for all involved.
While you're at school, please stop by the office and check with April to make sure all your paperwork is complete, and turn in medications are turned in. She reminds families that your PikMyKid account needs to be updated for the first day of school. If you need help, she can get you set up on Thursday.
Please consider coming in earlier on Thursday. You may have seen invitations on Facebook to help Katherine in the garden from 9:30 am to 2:30 pm. We're extending the invitation to "Care For Place", including the school grounds (there will be a mountain of bark chips to spread), school communal spaces, and classrooms. Even if you only have a short time to help, we'd love to have you. Support teachers old and new, welcome new families, and show them how we work together as a school community.


Since the 1990s, white papers have been used as marketing and sales tools by businesses. An effective white paper is long form content that helps readers understand an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. It uses selected facts, research findings, and logical arguments to build a case. In business, white papers often build the case for a product. Among purpose-driven organizations, they are more likely to build the case for an idea.
What can a white paper do for your organization? It can leverage thought leadership and show expertise. It can help build relationships. It can inform and persuade prospective advocates, members, or donors.
What's the different between an effective white paper and one that fails?
Experts all advise that before writing a white paper, you outline it thoroughly. A good outline will allow you to work effectively with a team to complete the writing. The outline will eventually make writing your abstract (which you should do last) and your table of contents a breeze.
Reach out to your clients for your white paper. Have them collaborate and help to refine your ideas and point of view. "They will provide the voice of reason on the relevance of your ideas while offering peer insights and information that will strengthen the work in the eyes of your audience," writes Neuwirth.
Writing an effective white paper requires an investment of time and effort. It necessitates research. Thus, once you've created one, you'll also want to make sure that you market it well so it reaches your audience.
"Don't wait for the white paper to publish to go live with your landing page [where readers can download the white paper]. Rather, it's good to publish your landing page about two weeks ahead of time," says Mitt Ray at the Content Marketing Institute. Ray also suggests writing guest posts for other blogs related to the content of your white paper to raise awareness before you publish the white paper. He also suggests asking for reviews of the white paper.
Lastly, leverage analytics to find out how well your white paper is serving you. "You will want to know how many people downloaded your white paper and, ideally, how many times they opened it, how much time they spent reading it, and how many links they clicked on," writes Mark Evans.


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India Among Most Unequal Nations; Female Income Share One Of The Lowest In The World, Says Report
Team Her Circle | &nbspDec 11, 2021
India has emerged as the most unequal country with the top one per cent of the population holding more than one-fifth of the total national income in 2021, while the bottom 50 per cent made just 13.1 per cent, according to World Inequality Report 2022 authored by Lucas Chancel and coordinated by economist Thomas Piketty.
In the preface of the report, Nobel laureate economists Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo said that India was "among the most unequal countries" in the world. The report also underscores the gender inequality in the country. The report observed that the female labour income share is equal to 18 per cent one of the lowest in the world, slightly higher than the Middle East (15 per cent).
The report further revealed that the top 10 per cent of the population holds 57 per cent of the total income while the bottom 50 per cent share has gone down to 13 per cent. The average household wealth in the country stands at ₹983,010. The report added that that the average national income of the Indian adult population is ₹204,200. While the bottom 50 per cent earns ₹53,610, and the top 10 per cent earns more than 20 times (₹1,166,520).
The report noted that income and wealth inequalities have been on the rise nearly everywhere since the 1980s, following a series of deregulation and liberalisation programs that took different forms in different countries. In 2021, after three decades of trade and financial globalisation, global inequalities remain extremely pronounced. "The rise has not been uniform: certain countries have experienced spectacular increases in inequality (including the US, Russia, and India) while others (European countries and China) have experienced relatively smaller rises," it said.


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Ștefan Fălcoianu () a fost un general, matematician, istoric și politician român. Membru titular și vicepreședinte al Academiei Române.

Activitate
A absolvit Școala Militară de Ofițeri din București (1856), după care, în perioada 1860-1862, domnitorul Alexandru Ioan Cuza l-a trimis în Franța pentru a urma cursurile Școlii Imperiale de Aplicații de Stat Major și ale Școlii Politehnice din Paris, fiind atașat pe lângă Statul Major al Armatei Franceze. Întors în țară, este numit în anul 1864 șef de cabinet al ministrului de Razboi Savel Manu. A îndeplinit numeroase alte funcții de răspundere în cadrul armatei române: profesor la Școala Militară de Ofițeri, ajutor al șefului Directiei Stabilimentelor de Artilerie, șef de stat major al Diviziei 1 Militare Teritoriale. În ianuarie 1869 este pus în neactivitate de serviciu și este numit secretar general al Ministerului Lucrărilor Publice, iar în perioada 5 mai 1876 - 5 aprilie 1877 este director general al Poștelor si Telegrafului. În timpul Razboiului de Independență de la 1877, revine în rândurile armatei și îndeplinește funcția de director general al Administrației Centrale a Ministerului de Război, iar la data de 20 octombrie 1877 este numit șef al Statului Major al Armatei Române de Operații. În anul 1883 este avansat la gradul de general de brigadă.

Ca șef al Marelui Stat Major și ministru de Război (1884-1886), a avut un rol semnificativ în perfecționarea sistemului de apărare a Romaniei, în elaborarea și aplicarea Legii asupra organizării comandamentelor militare (1882), în elaborarea și aplicarea Legii asupra administrației militare (1883), înfiintarea celor patru corpuri de armată în locul diviziilor militare teritoriale (1882-1884), demararea lucrărilor pentru Cetatea Bucureștilor și a regiunii fortificate Focșani-Nămoloasa-Galati, înființarea Consiliului Superior al Armatei (1878), înființarea Comitetului Consultativ de Stat Major. Sub mandatul său s-a adoptat Decretul de organizare a Marelui Stat Major, pe baza normelor moderne, de tip prusian, și a învățămintelor din 1877-1878. Din 1894, Marele Stat Major a devenit direcție specială în cadrul Ministerului de Război subordonată direct ministrului. Printre preocuparile sale se numără și perfecționarea instrucției și a pregătirii de luptă. Astfel, au fost revizuite, după 1879, principalele acte regulamentare destinate forțelor terestre, și anume Regulamentul de luptă al infanteriei. Opera vieții sale rămâne Școala Superioară de Război, astăzi Universitatea Naționala de Apărare, înființată la 8 august 1889, unde el însuși a oficiat. Este și fondator al revistei "România Militară". De la Ștefan Fălcoianu s-a pastrat "Istoria razboiului din 1877-1878, ruso-romano-turc", concepută și predată sub formă de lecții la Școala Superioară de Război. Ca senator, de mai multe ori a luat poziție în problemele întăririi capacității defensive a României, combătând ideea cu privire la inutilitatea și periculozitatea fortificațiilor ce se executau pentru apărarea țării la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea și începutul secolului XX.

Referințe

Legături externe
 Membrii Academiei Române din 1866 până în prezent – F
Ștefan Fălcoianu la Compendium.ro

Nașteri în 1835
Decese în 1905
Generali români din secolul al XIX-lea
Șefi ai Marelui Stat Major al Armatei Române
Miniștrii apărării naționale
Istorici români
Matematicieni români din secolul al XIX-lea
Membri titulari ai Academiei Române
Matematicieni români din secolul al XX-lea
Militari români în Războiul pentru Independență
Înmormântări în Cimitirul Bellu
Bucureșteni
Generali români din secolul al XX-lea

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hello! I'm Leslea from A Heart Filled Home, and I'm so excited to share my latest DIY project with you today.
I have always loved decorating for holidays year-round. My mom used to have a cute little shelf in our kitchen, and with each holiday she had sweet little hand-painted wood decor pieces to display on the shelf. A little Christmas tree at Christmas time, a painted egg for Easter, a turkey for Thanksgiving, and so on. For the months of June and July I remember setting her sweet little American Flag on the shelf. It was such a nice little reminder of the upcoming holiday, and it kept my brother and I excited about each new season.
This year I wanted to incorporate some patriotic decor in my own home. I decided to create my own DIY pillow cover using a stencil, a plain pillow cover, and some fabric markers. It is a simple process, and you can customize it however you like! For this DIY patriotic stenciled pillow cover I added some song lyrics from the song "God Bless America" – and I love how it turned out!
First I ironed my pillow cover to make sure there weren't any wrinkles to start with. Then I found a piece of paper around the same size as my pillow cover. I sketched out my horizontal lines and used my ruler to make sure that the vertical spacing between each line was the same. I used this paper as my practice sheet where I sketched out some of my words to see how they would fit best on each line.
I taped off a line on the pillow with the painter's tape to give me a horizontal "guide" for my stenciling. I started stenciling in my words with a pencil very lightly, so that if I made a mistake I could erase it. To make sure my letters were straight I made sure the bottom of the letters on the stencil were touching the top line of the painter's tape. I placed my practice sheet next to the pillow so that I could reference the words and placement.
After I finished tracing the letters with pencil, I went back over it with my fabric marker. I only traced the outline of each letter while using the stencil, then I removed the stencil and filled in the inside of the letters with the marker. I found it easier to fill them in without having to work within the space of the stencil. Afterwards I erased any pencil markings that were visible.
TIP: I placed some cardboard inside the pillow cover to protect the back of the pillow cover fabric, to absorb any marker in case some decided to bleed through. I didn't end up having any marker bleed through the fabric, but I liked having that safety net of the cardboard – just in case!
After I was done with each line of text I would measure 2 inches down with my ruler, and move the painter's tape down to that 2 inch mark. I'd make sure that the left side, middle, and right side of the painter's tape was 2 inches lower so that the line would be even all the way across.
After filling in all of my letters and letting it dry for 24 hours, I was ready to display it proudly!
It fits in nicely with my modern farmhouse decor – I love how it looks in our playroom! I'm going to be excited to get this piece out every summer!


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Population Ageing and the Efficiency of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand (WP 02/11)
Davis, Nick
Fabling, Richard
View point:
Personal (opinion)
Document Date:
Publication category:
JEL classification:
H30 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General
H60 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General
Formats and related files
New Zealand's ageing population is expected to have a significant impact on long-term government expenditure, particularly in the areas of health and superannuation.
Population Ageing and the Efficiency of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand
New Zealand's ageing population is expected to have a significant impact on long-term government expenditure, particularly in the areas of health and superannuation. Recent projections from Treasury's Long-Term Fiscal Model suggest that, under current policy settings, government expenditure (excluding financing costs) will increase by approximately seven percentage points of GDP by 2050. From the perspective of economic efficiency, we consider several methods for financing that expenditure.
We find that tax smoothing is significantly more efficient, from a welfare perspective, than balancing the budget. This result is primarily due to our assumption that the assets accumulated under tax smoothing earn an average return over the government's cost of borrowing. This excess return is not without risk. By modelling asset returns and economic growth in a stochastic manner we find that tax smoothing with a diversified portfolio of financial instruments may also reduce year-on-year tax rate volatility.
Introducing practical considerations, in particular expenditure creep (where additional government spending is triggered by an improving balance sheet position), tips the scales in favour of a balanced budget approach. Hence, strong fiscal institutions are a prerequisite for achieving the welfare gains from tax smoothing.
The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the New Zealand Treasury. The paper is presented not as policy, but with a view to inform and stimulate wider debate.
2 Analytical framework
2.3 Central assumptions
3.2 Alternative cases
3.2.5 Asset Allocation
4 Practical limitations of tax smoothing
Appendix:Assumptions for Stochastic Simulations
Subjects of New Zealand:
Demographic change, Fiscal policy
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Staff Insights: Rangitaki
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Home » Local » What's happening in Calgary in January 2019?
What's happening in Calgary in January 2019?
If you're looking for ways to celebrate the start of 2019 in Calgary, AB, you're not alone. There are plenty of celebrations and events scheduled for January 2019 in the Calgary area that are sure to help you and your loved ones kick off the new year. These events include festive light celebrations and several parties. We've compiled a list of some of the most-exciting January 2019 events in Calgary, AB that residents and tourists alike should consider checking out.
There's still time to check out the Calgary Zoo's Zoolights event, an annual lights showcase that features over a dozen displays and two million individual lights. Admission is priced at $19.95 for adults and $14.95 for children. Other activities, such as axe throwing, are available as well. The event runs every night from 6 PM to 9 PM until January 5th, 2019 at 1300 Zoo Road.
Tickets are now available for Paranoia Nightclub's New Year's Eve Party, featuring a live performance by A-Star. Early-bird tickets are still available for $15, while regular tickets are priced at $20. $5 drinks will be offered all night long. Doors open at 9 PM, with the live performance set to begin at 10 PM.
The World Bier Haus (1600 90 Ave. SW) is hosting a "Haus Party" complete with drinks, food, a DJ and dance floor. Tickets are priced at $10 at the door, although presale tickets are currently available for $5. The party begins at 8 PM and is scheduled to last until 2 AM.
Looking to purchase a pre-owned vehicle in the Calgary area? View our online inventory and start the search for your next vehicle today.
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