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Jimmy Stewart: The Biography, by Michael Mann (2013) →
Zodiac (2007)
Posted on August 22, 2013	by tom
In Vallejo, California, July 4th, 1969, was more than a simple Independence Day. It was a door, behind which lay some incredible history for two young people like Darlene Ferrin and Mike Mageau. Woodstock would happen the following month, where hundreds of thousands of kids their age would converge in a muddy upstate New York field, take drugs, have sex, and listen to music. Four months after Woodstock, The Rolling Stones would throw their own free concert upstate from Ferrin and Mageau, a concert which would end tragically.
Those music festivals mattered very little for the two kids, who'd driven to a secluded lover's lane that night, seeking to make some fireworks of their own. That's when a man shot them both repeatedly, killing Darlene Ferrin, and seriously injuring Mike Mageau. The murderer sent a letter to the newspapers, demanding they print a complicated cypher. He also gave the name he wanted to use:
Zodiac.
David Fincher's 2007 film "Zodiac" chronicles how the newspapers and police worked together to solve these murders, but got nowhere. Another couple was attacked by a lake. A cab driver was shot. Zodiac taunted the police at every chance, certain he was too smart to be caught.
Essentially, he was right. The police couldn't solve the crimes. They stopped, so the open files were replaced by newer murders; the newspapers moved on as well.
Jake Gyllenhaal plays San Francisco Chronicle cartoonist Robert Graysmith, one man who could not get the cases out of his head. His files grew so voluminous, that he decided to write a book about the unsolved crimes. It became a bestseller.
Graysmith's introduction to the case was almost accidental. In 1969, he was a young newspaper cartoonist. He followed the paper's hotshot reporter, Paul Avery (Robert Downey, Jr), as he investigated the case. Eventually, Avery left the newspaper altogether, leaving Graysmith alone in his private investigation.
"Zodiac" also follows two San Francisco Homicide Inspectors, David Toschi and William Armstrong (Mark Ruffalo and Anthony Edwards) as they work the case.
What director David Fincher has basically created here is a double-procedural. We see familiar elements of the police procedural when Zodiac is actively killing and taunting, but the killings stop, and the investigation gets pushed aside by fresh crimes. We also see the long circuitous route Graysmith's investigation takes. He goes through files that have spent decades buried in police station storage rooms. For whatever reason, he simply cannot let go of this case.
The performances here are all excellent. I especially liked Anthony Edwards and Mark Ruffalo as the good cop/bad cop partners. What makes this film so interesting to me is David Fincher's direction. Yes, there are plenty of his trademark dark, atmospheric settings, but in his other films Fincher seems hyperkinetic, with thousands of jump cuts and flashy edits. In "Zodiac," he takes his time, and skillfully lets the story play out. His style works beautifully with the material. One of a director's greatest challenges is molding his or her style to the story—it's a film, not a technical exercise, after all. Fincher realized that the approach he used so perfectly in "Fight Club" and "Se7en" would not work here. Here, his film follows the story, just as Graysmith's story follows the clues.
The result is an engrossing film about a scary time in California, one that started on that long-ago Fourth of July.
(Zodiac, Directed by David Fincher; 2007; Rated R for creepy, murdery stuff, some drug stuff, and language)
(Available on Netflix Streaming)
This entry was posted in Based on a True Story, Films, Mystery/Police Procedural. Bookmark the permalink.
5 Responses to Zodiac (2007)
I'll add this to my dvd queue, thanks!
stevebetz says:
I thought this was a great flick and have always been disappointed that it didn't seem to connect with people. Maybe it's because there's no clean wrap up where the baddie gets justice, or the "real-ish" meandering way that it plays out over time. Might have to re-watch this one. Thanks for the reminder.
You're right–no tidy resolution. Even the end-cards were a muddle. This was one of those that snuck up on me like "Road to Perdition," where I liked it more than I ever thought I would.
Just be CAREFUL! The guy was never caught! 😉
Dude's gotta be pretty old by now, I bet I could take him. 🙂
Fair point. I'd give you the edge, especially since you're a mad scientist. Penny would KO the bastard in the first round. 😀


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God in a profound way, accommodates Himself to our 'sickness'. We find that He has this beautiful quality about Him, that He becomes quite tender and gentle around any spiritual disease. He certainly gravitates to the broken. His love for sinners is a well established fact we must consider frequently.
This is who Jesus has always been. And if you think you are getting to be a great kisser or are looking desirable, I feel sorry for you. He wraps himself around our hurts, our brokenness and our ugly, ever-present sin. Those of you who want to draw big, dark lines between my humanity and my sin, go right ahead, but I'm not joining you.
God truly loves the unlovely.
He is passionate about those who have been disfigured by sin. Those who turn to a sort of 'spiritual Botox' can only hide their blemishes. But coming to him we find healing and acceptance.
You're the young woman in the opening story. The kisses of your Savior are yours. Unconditionally.
Some of this post was taken from an old post from the blog of the "Internet Monk" and has been repeated here for your edification.
The Internet Monk's website is really engaging and diverse and I strongly suggest visiting it.
He certainly covers my uncomeliness with His perfection.
No other words can be added by me.


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All the Must-See Moments From the American Idol Reunion
This episode gets a "yes" from E!, dawg.
On May 2, all of our American Idol dreams came true as fan-favorite contestants and past judges came together to celebrate 20 years of the singing competition in a special reunion episode dubbed The Great Idol Reunion. Appearances included Ruben Studdard, Jordin Sparks, Lauren Alaina, Scotty McCreery, David Cook, Kris Allen, among others.
Former judges Paula Abdul and Randy Jackson joined current judges Lionel Richie, Katy Perry and Luke Bryan for the special night. You could say Abdul's return was "Straight Up" one of the best parts of the night! (Sorry, we had to.)
The singers paired up to sing duets including season two winner Studdard with season six winner Sparks; season 10 runner-up Alaina with season 10 winner McCreery; season seven winner Cook with season eight winner Allen.
An unexpected moment from the show was when season 17 winner Laine Hardy—who was recently arrested for planting a recording device in his ex-girlfriend's apartment—performed with season 17's Laci Kaye Booth. The episode was filmed prior to his arrest.
https://www.eonline.com/news/1329483/all-the-must-see-moments-from-the-american-idol-reunion?cmpid=rss-000000-rssfeed-365-topstories&utm_source=eonline&utm_medium=rssfeeds&utm_campaign=rss_topstories
Tags: AmericanIdolMomentsMustSeeReunion
Cuba Gooding Jr. Cops Plea Deal in NYC Sexual Misconduct Case
Proud Boys Violently Clash With Black Lives Matter Protesters
New Video From Trey Songz Arrest Shows Him Removing Mask to Eat

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Interviews, various
From an interview with Cameron Crowe at SF Gate:
The opportunity to cast Damon was another draw. He appreciates the actor's evident intelligence and the way he takes ownership of his roles. He recalls watching the dailies one day during the "We Bought a Zoo" shoot and coming to the realization that there was no one he would rather be watching onscreen than Damon.
"It's true, everything he does, to me, he makes unique," Crowe says. "He is like Cusack in that way where it's very much his personality and then the spins he puts on it vary from movie to movie, but it's like this central kind of electric humanity that he has that I really connected to."
There was another factor in casting Damon. Everyone around Mee is encouraging him to move on with his life, and with two children to raise, wallowing in grief is not an option. Yet he is not ready to let go of Katherine, and finding his way to embracing life again is part of the story. Crowe sensed that Damon would nail that aspect.
"There was a joy of life that came through Matt," Crowe says. "I wanted the movie, like Ben's story - even though it's about loss, at least at the beginning - to be about discovering joy. Even though there's pain and suffering all around you, what is your quest to find joy? I was so happy that we could make a movie that was about overcoming grief and finding joy, because there are so many stories that are about the overwhelming burden of grief. I like showing the other side of it, too. We all battle loss and setbacks every day."
An interview with Benjamin Mee, who repeats in the article previous comments he has made that the zoo could be out of business by the time the film is released in the UK in March 2012:
More surreal than those phone calls was the trip Ben and his children made to the film set in April this year where they met Damon.
Ben says: "He was honest, friendly and a thoroughly decent and grounded man. I already respected him because he's proved his mettle as a brilliant writer, having penned the movie Good Will Hunting with Ben Affleck. Although it was quite bizarre watching him shoot scenes for the movie playing the part of me, when I watched him interact with the big cats I saw what a brilliant actor he is.
"There were elements of the set that had been accurately reproduced down to the last detail. Standing in the tiger house in LA, I could actually have been in my tiger house on Dartmoor. Even the slats on the floor inside were identical."
Excerpts from an article at the Sunday Mail (shorter version previously quoted):
Fatherhood isn't always easy but it's Damon's greatest joy. When not working, his days are filled with the same everyday chores that consume all our lives. It's no big revelation but to hear a huge star like Damon speaking about such mundane things as making school lunches and dropping the kids at dance classes is unusual.
"A lot of it is the dotting the i's and crossing your t's, the daily stuff," he explains. "It starts at 6.30 in the morning and it's like, get the breakfast and get the clothes on. "At the end of every day, when Luc and I finally sit down, it's like, OK, we made it through today."
"To be a movie star or a director or whatever, there is an imbalance of power. If you ask for a coffee, somebody brings you a coffee, and I think the key is just not fooling yourself into thinking that is actually the way the world works, because then you really won't be able to have real relationships.''
On the topic of fame, Damon's approach is also refreshingly honest.
He says a steady group of family and friends prepared at all times to tell you to keep it real is the key. ``I think if you have that, then you are fine.''
From an interview with Matt and Cameron at the Washington Post:
"We Bought a Zoo" — a film about a widower who does exactly what that title suggests — marks the first time that Damon, 41, and Crowe, 54, have worked together. But during a 40-minute phone conversation with the two men — both sons of teachers, fathers, Oscar-winning screenwriters and strong believers in movies that earn their happy endings — they sound like longtime simpaticos.
"The list of guys who have been able to bring stuff that I've written to life is so short," Crowe says. "When you see the words coming to life with the kind of depth and fun that Matt brings to it, it's addicting."
Says Damon of his director, who has a reputation for being an eternal optimist: "I imagine the Dalai Lama might be a little more positive. But he's the only one I can think of."
Regardless of what critics may presume about his work, Crowe seems committed to following his instincts. Which made this reporter wonder: Do Crowe's instincts tell him that perhaps he should write a film that allows three of his previous warriors for positivity — Damon, Tom Cruise (Jerry Maguire) and John Cusack (boombox blaster Lloyd Dobler of "Say Anything ...") — to work together?
"I love that idea," Damon says immediately.
"You know, Tom Cruise came to visit the set when we were making 'We Bought a Zoo,' and I kind of stood back at a certain point and watched the two of them talking," Crowe says, referring to Cruise and Damon. "And I had the same idea. It's like... 'Stay there. Keep talking. I'll be back with some script stuff in a moment.' "


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Oregon State Athletics | April 5, 2014
No. 7 Oregon State shuts out Stanford in 13-inning thriller
The Beavers have won eight of the past 10 series against the Cardinal.
CORVALLIS, Ore. -- Oregon State center fielder Jeff Hendrix singled home the winning run in the 13th inning on Saturday as the Beavers edged Stanford 1-0 to clinch the Pacific-12 Conference series.
Hitless in his first five at-bats, Hendrix lined a 3-2 pitch from reliever AJ Vanegas over a drawn-in infield and into left-center field to plate Trever Morrison with the lone run. The Beavers (24-6 overall, 8-3 Pac-12) stretched their winning streak to five straight overall and four in a row in Pac-12 play.
Morrison led off the 13th with a single, the first time all game OSU's leadoff batter reached safely. He advanced to second on a passed ball and then slid safely into third when Stanford made a play on him on Logan Ice's sacrifice bunt instead of taking the easy out at first. Hendrix followed with his first walk-off hit as a collegian, a feat that earned him a traditional shaving-cream pie in the face during postgame interviews.
Oregon State starter Andrew Moore and four relievers combined to handcuff Stanford (10-13, 3-5) on nine hits. Moore went the first seven innings; reliever Scott Schultz held the Cardinal hitless over the final 4.2 innings for his fourth victory of the year.
The Beavers mustered only six hits off Vanegas and Stanford starter Cal Quantrill, but strong situational pitching and defense kept them in the game. The Beavers turned three inning-ending double plays, the last of which was a stellar 6-4-3 twin killing on an attempted hit-and-run play that ended the top of the 12th.
Moore scattered eight hits over seven shutout innings as he rebounded from the shortest start of his career in a sub-par effort in an 11-2 loss at Arizona on March 29. He struck out seven, walked four, and lowered his ERA from 2.58 to 2.18.
Reliever Zack Reser pitched 0.2 scoreless innings and Brandon Jackson got the final out of the eighth to strand two runners. Trent Shelton got the first out of the ninth; Schultz replaced him following a walk and went the distance. The bullpen did not allow a hit over the final five innings.
Stanford starter Cal Quantrill matched Moore zero for zero, as he allowed just three hits over eight innings, with six strikeouts and one walk. He pitched out of a bases-loaded jam in the fifth, the only time OSU had more than one baserunner off Quantrill, the son of former major-league pitcher Paul Quantrill.
Vanegas added four scoreless innings before faltering in the 13th. He had not allowed an earned run in 14 innings over seven appearances to that point.
The Beavers set a club record with their seventh consecutive victory against Stanford over the past three seasons.
Stanford still No. 1, Oregon State falls out of women's basketball AP Top 25
Oregon State's four-year run in the Top 25 ended Monday when the Beavers fell out of The Associated Press women's basketball poll for the first time since 2016.
2020 Pac-12 football schedule: Dates, matchups
Here is the 2020 Pac-12 football schedule. Get the dates, matchups and more information here.
Dan Hodge Trophy: History, winners, and how it works
Here's the history of the Dan Hodge Trophy, named after one of the all-time greats and given annually to the top college wrestler every year since 1985.


text:
About Infrastructure of Cameroon
Phones - Land Lines
country comparison to the world: 88
Mobile Cellular
13.1 million (2012)
Radio Broadcast Stations
government maintains tight control over broadcast media; state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), broadcasting on both a TV and radio network, was the only officially recognized and fully licensed broadcaster until August 2007 when the government fin
country comparison to the world: 106
narrow gauge: 1,245 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)
total: 51,350 km country comparison to the world: 77 paved: 4,108 km
unpaved: 47,242 km
note: there are 28,857 km of national roads (2011)
(major rivers in the south, such as the Wouri and the Sanaga, are largely non-navigable; in the north, the Benue, which connects through Nigeria to the Niger River, is navigable in the rainy season only to the port of Garoua) (2010)
Ports And Harbors
river port(s): Douala (Wouri);
Garoua (Benoue) oil/gas terminal(s): Limboh Terminal


That little cropped number from COS has taken the concept of cut-outs to a whole new level. I love the idea of sleeves being merged with the rest of the bodice producing that barely there and yet such a significant amount of skin exposure. And ultimately I'm super excited to see how all this is going to translate into fw'14. I'm thinking leather skirts for the time being, but I might reconsider just before fall.
Coming up to stores right after the big summer sales.
thanks for sharing this info, gotta have this!


Bloglines vs Google Reader. Which is better?
I currently use Bloglines. But I hear a lot about google reader everywhere. Is it worth shifting my loyalty from Bloglines? Any killer feature that google reader has, that is worth considering?
I consider myself a power-RSS user (I subscribe to about 100 feeds that I read daily) and I use Google Reader.
One of the best features of Google Reader is that you can view all your feeds different feeds as one big stream. It supports keyboard shortcuts, which are pretty handy, and offline mode with Google Gears. My other favorite feature is Trends, which shows you which feeds you read the most, making it easier to decide which feeds to unsubscribe from.
I think it's whatever you prefer. I prefer having, as sferik mentioned, all updated feeds in one big stream, instead of reading feeds per category, so I use Google Reader, but if you don't like that you can just stay with Bloglines or try Netvibes or whatever.
Btw, it's truly awesome that most feed readers implement OPML support, so you're never stuck with one client. So, whenever you're looking for a feed reader, be sure to check whether they can also export to OPML.
yeah agree with Vinventt. I love the OPML support. Makes shifting from one reader to another, or even to desktop readers like flock, so easy.
I have felt google reader more optimised and memory efficient than bloglines. Not sure if its true.
i use netnewswire. i like having it on a separate app.
How do I automatically post labelled posts to a page on blogger?
Can someone tell me how to place widgets/photos, etc. on both sides of my blogger page?


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//
// This source code implements specifications defined by the Java
// Community Process. In order to remain compliant with the specification
// DO NOT add / change / or delete method signatures!
//
package javax.xml.registry.infomodel;

import javax.xml.registry.JAXRException;

/**
 * @version $Revision$ $Date$
 */
public interface EmailAddress {
    String getAddress() throws JAXRException;

    String getType() throws JAXRException;

    void setAddress(String address) throws JAXRException;

    void setType(String type) throws JAXRException;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Young Fathers "Shame" (video)
By Josiah Hughes
This week, British act Young Fathers released White Men Are Black Men Too, their follow-up to the Mercury Prize-winning album DEAD. To coincide with the album's arrival, the group have shared a video for the song "Shame."
The track itself perfectly showcases the group's hybrid of pop and hip-hop, and its accompanying video is a nice blend of grit and whimsy. A young British bloke runs through an industrial area, his shirt slowly soaking with blood. Though he's in rough shape, he can't help but dance his troubles away.
Watch the video for "Shame" below, and read Exclaim!'s recent interview with the group here. White Men Are Black Men Too is available now through Big Dada.
More Young Fathers
Massive Attack Release New 'Eutopia' EP
Following some mysterious teasing this week, Massive Attack have indeed released a new EP called Eutopia, and you can check it all out now....
Exclaim!'s Top 20 Pop & Rock Albums, Part One Best of 2018
Today (December 4), we begin rolling out the best of the best albums of 2018, and we're beginning with our Top 20 Pop & Rock Albums of the y...
Young Fathers / Algiers Venue, Vancouver BC, November 17
On paper, a tour where Young Fathers and Algiers share the bill is very exciting, to say the least. The pair of bands exceeded expectations,...
Young Fathers "Holy Ghost" (video)
After kicking off a string of summer tour dates last night (June 25) in London, Young Fathers have now shared a video for Cocoa Sugar cut "H...
Young Fathers Map Out North American Tour
Having dropped their Cocoa Sugar LP back in March, Young Fathers are now looking ahead to the fall with the announcement of a North American...


We went to the lake for July 4th weekend. We left the morning of the 4th (in the rain) and headed down there. I think it might have been the rainy-est July 4th ever. It rained and rained and rained. But then there was a a little break in the rain so we all headed to the boat for a little fun on the water before it started to rain again. As you can see the kids loved every minute of the tube and the knee board.
We even found a way to pull the tube and the knee board at the same time... that made everyone happy!
The Fireworks show was canceled Thursday night but rescheduled for Friday night so we all loaded up and headed to watch the fireworks. A few pictures on the pier and porch of everyone all decked out in their red, white, and blue!


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Wood sales are conducted both in the form of supply sales and stand sales. The stands marked for cutting and sale are large and professionally planned. Felling operations and wood deliveries are distributed across the whole year as evenly as possible, depending on weather conditions. The majority of the felled area consists of thinning in young and grown stands. Final felling is conducted in regeneration mature stands by means of clear cutting and forest cultivation or natural regeneration.
The multipurpose use of forests, in particular game management and hunting, is also taken into account. Ahlström Capital's forests are included in various protection programmes, such as Natura 2000. In addition, diverse areas have been excluded from active forest management under the company's own decision.


text:
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
Edited by: Ted Honderich
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great-souled man
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great-souled man.
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C. C. W. TaylorC. C. W. Taylor
Greatness of soul (Greek megalopsukhia, rendered into Latin as magnanimitas) is a self-referential evaluative disposition characteristic of Aristotle's virtuous agent, consisting in a proper sense of his own worth, manifesting itself in the desire to be honoured for his virtues by his equals (coupled with indifference to the opinion of inferiors) and in self-conscious dignity of demeanour (verging on pomposity to the modern eye). Despite the etymological connection, it is nearer to pride than to magnanimity; while the great-souled man appears magnanimous, e.g. in forgiving injuries, he does so not from generosity of spirit, but because nursing grudges is beneath him.... ...
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text:
Home Cinema Celeb News Jr. NTR's Ramayanam Marks 24 Years On This Day
Jr. NTR's Ramayanam Marks 24 Years On This Day
TEAM TFN
Ramayanam popularly known as Bala Ramayanam is a mythological drama released in 1996 which won the hearts of everyone in the country. Though there seems to be a drastic shift over the years with new genres rising, Telugu audience' love for mythology remains unchanged as they still look back to the classic film Ramayanam to this day. Gunasekhar, the director of Ramayanam, amazingly executed this masterpiece on the big screen. Jr. NTR essayed the role of Lord Rama and a popular Bharatanatyam dancer Smitha Madhav appeared as Sita.
Exactly 24 years ago on this day, Ramayanam was released and bagged the National Film Award for Best Children's Film. Currently, Social media is rife with the hashtag #24YearsForBalaRamayanam, celebrating it's release. With a cast of 3000 children of the age between 10 to 13 years, Ramayanam received nationwide recognition. Jr. NTR as Lord Rama and Smitha Madhav as Sita befitted the roles. Delivering an outstanding performance at a young age of 13 years, Jr. NTR was considered as a born actor.
ALSO READ: Ram Charan And Jr. NTR: Brand New Poster From RRR Movie Released
Jr. NTR as a child artist rose to fame with Ramayanam and since then, he carved his place in Tollywood and got the title as the Young Tiger of Telugu cinema. Ramayanam raked Rs. 5 Crores after the release. With Ram Navami coming up next week, watching this mythological drama of children will be an added celebration to the special occasion.
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Double Bonanza: Telugu Movies Releasing On OTT This Week
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text:
Q: Implementing Pipes in a C shell (Unix) Basically I have created a shell using standard POSIX commands, I want to be able to Implement Piping as well. Right now it handles commands correctly, and can do background processing with &. But I need to be able to pipe using | and >> as well.
For example something like this:
cat file1 file2 >> file3
cat file1 file2 | more
more file1 | grep stuff
Here is the code I have currently. I also want to AVOID "SYSTEM" calls. I know U need to use dup2, but the way I did my code is a bit odd, so im hoping if someone can tell me if it is feasible to implement pipes in this code? thanks! I know dup2 is used, but also im def. confused at how to implement >> as WELL as |
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace std;

void Execute(char* command[],bool BG)
{
//Int Status is Used Purely for the waitpid, fork() is set up like normal.
    int status;
    pid_t pid = fork();

    switch(pid)
    {
        case  0:
            execvp(command[0], command);

            if(execvp(command[0], command) == -1)
            {
                cout << "Command Not Found" << endl;
                exit(0);
            }

          default:
            if(BG == 0)
            {
                    waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
//Debug             cout << "DEBUG:Child Finished" << endl;
            }

    }

}

bool ParseArg(char* prompt, char* command[], char Readin[],bool BG)
{

    fprintf(stderr, "myshell>");
        cin.getline(Readin,50);
    prompt = strtok(Readin, " ");
    int i = 0;

    while(prompt != NULL)
    {
        command[i] = prompt;
        if(strcmp(command[i], "&") == 0){
//Debug        cout << "& found";
        command[i] = NULL;
        return true;
    }
//Debug        cout << command[i] << " ";
        i++;
        prompt = strtok(NULL, " ");

    }
    return false;
}

void Clean(char* command[])
{
//Clean Array
        for(int a=0; a < 50; a++)
        {
             command[a] = NULL;
        }
}

int main()
{
   char* prompt;
   char* command[50];
   char Readin[50];
   bool BG = false;

   while(command[0] != NULL)
   {

        Clean(command);
       BG = ParseArg(prompt, command, Readin, BG);
       if(strcmp(command[0], "exit") == 0 || strcmp(command[0], "quit") == 0 )
       {
             break;
       }

    else
    {
            Execute(command,BG);
    }

   }

   return 1;

}

A: Pipes and redirections are different, actually. To implement a redirection (such as >>) you have to use dup2 indeed. First, open the desired file with appropriate flags (for >> they'll be O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND). Second, using dup2, make stdout (file descriptor 1) a copy of this newly opened fd. Finally, close newly opened fd.
To create a pipe, you'll need a pipe syscall. Read its manpage, it contains example code. Then you'll also need dup2 to make file descriptors returned by pipe be stdin for one process and stdout for another, respectively.

A: You should be able to implement pipes and output redirection with your shell, but there are a few things I noticed:

*

*
    Your code for reading input, parsing, and output are mixed together, you may want to separate this functionality.

*
    strtok won't work very well as a parser for shell commands. It will work for very simple   commands, but you may want to look into creating or finding a better parser. A command like echo "hello world" will be problematic with your current parsing method.

*
    You may want to create a simple structure for holding your parsed commands.

Here is some pseudocode to get you started:
#define MAX_LINE 10000
#define MAX_COMMANDS 100
#define MAX_ARGS 100

// Struct to contain parsed input
struct command
{
    // Change these with IO redirection
    FILE *input; // Should default to STDIN
    FILE *output; // Should default to STDOUT

    int num_commands;
    int num_args[MAX_COMMANDS]; // Number of args for each command
    char* command_list[MAX_COMMANDS]; // Contains the programs to be run
    char* args_list[MAX_COMMANDS][MAX_ARGS]; // The args for each command
    boolean background_task;
    boolean append;
}

int main()
{
    char input[MAX_LINE];

    while (1)
    {
        struct command cmd;

        print_prompt();
        read_input(input);
        parse_input(input, &cmd);
        execute(&cmd);
    }
}

Good luck with this project!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Tag: griffin industrial services
Griffin industrial services says it is shutting down
A Georgia-based manufacturing company says it will shutter its factories, cut back on workers and suspend production after years of declining sales.
Griffin Industrial Services said Tuesday it would shut down its facilities and stop paying payroll.
The company's parent company, Griffin, announced last month that it would shutter two facilities.
Griffin said it had more than $4.5 billion in revenue for the year ended Sept. 30, down from more than a billion dollars in 2016.
In a letter to investors, Griffin CEO Robert L. Griffin wrote that the company is working with the Department of Labor to develop a plan to close and suspend operations.
The company has been operating in Georgia for nearly 40 years and had been operating at a loss until the recession, Griffin said.
It had about 200 employees and about $30 million in revenue.
The workforce is expected to be cut by nearly 25 percent.
Griffiths production facilities include two in Brunswick and one in Augusta.
It is not known if it will be able to continue operating in Brunswick or if it plans to relocate.
It has about 150 employees and $5.4 billion in revenues.
Griffs owner said it expects to begin hiring employees by the end of the year.
Grays company employs about 1,000 people and employs more than 300 workers.
Tags:	griffin industrial services


In 1981, entrepreneurial 27-year old Bruno Paillard � a descendant of a family of brokers and growers whose lineage dates back to 1704 � sold his beloved Jaguar and started a Champagne house; the first in nearly a century. In a narrative normally reserved for Hollywood movies, Bruno�s story is equally remarkable as it is uplifting and inspiring. After following in the family footsteps and working as a broker for 6 years, young Bruno felt the overwhelming desire to create his own Champagne, one that would go beyond what was available in terms of purity and elegance.
In 1983, after a reclusive 3 years working like an alchemist in a rented cellar, Bruno finally reached the style of his dreams and created his first Champagne using carefully selected grapes from independent growers. Not content with an already astonishing achievement, Bruno then invented the first �ground-level� cellar � then unheard of in the region � which allowed him complete control of temperature, lighting and humidity. Soon after, the press took note and began ordaining him one of the best Champagne producers in the region.
Not stopping there, Bruno built the current winery in 1990 and began purchasing vineyards in 1994. The house now owns 33 hectares across 16 villages (almost half of which are rated Grand Cru and located in the best viticulture areas in the region � astounding considering fewer than 10% of Champagne�s vineyards are classified Grand Cru), which supply 65% of production needs � amounting to an annual production of around 500,000 bottles. These vineyards are farmed organically and each harvest in done by hand according to the particularities of each parcel; a rigorous undertaking given the vineyards are subdivided into 40 different parcels.
The house continues to produce multi-vintage and vintage Champagnes in accordance with Bruno�s strong commitment to quality: each Cru is vinified separately, only first press juice is used, wines are aged for 3-5 times longer than the minimum required and consistently low dosages are added to maintain purity. Bruno Paillard also pioneered the display of disgorgements dates on the back label of bottles (first doing so in 1983), a quality step now being replicated by other houses.
A quite sensational tale of an astute businessman chasing a dream. In just three decades, Bruno Paillard has transformed his eponymous establishment into one of the most prestigious houses in Champagne. Today, he co-manages the firm with daughter, Alice Paillard.


text:
Olindo Gomes dos Santos Paiva, primeiro e único Barão de Timbohy, (São Mateus 1830  – São Mateus, 19 de agosto de 1883) foi fazendeiro na então província do Espírito Santo, além de coronel da Guarda Nacional.

Biografia
O Barão de Timbohy nasceu em São Mateus, na região que hoje compreende o município de Conceição da Barra, na fazenda Campo Redondo, às margens do Rio Cricaré em data desconhecida. Projetou a até então Vila de Nossa Senhora da Conceição da Barra como grande produtora de café, inserindo-se na seleta aristocracia da época. Escolheu Itaúnas para se estabelecer e lá construiu um dos mais elegantes palacetes.

Em uma de suas incontáveis viagens ao Rio de Janeiro, solicitou ao imperador Dom Pedro I a construção de uma linha telegráfica para São Mateus e Barra de São Mateus. Foi atendido, sob a condição de oferecer, de suas propriedades, madeira de lei para confecção dos postes. Foi com esse empreendimento que recebeu do Imperador o título de Barão.

Apesar de nunca ter se casado, contrariando os padrões sociais da época, vivei maritalmente com a escrava Constância do Amor Divino, com quem teve vários filhos.

Faleceu no dia 19 de agosto de 1883 em consequência dos ferimentos causados em um acidente de trem.

Títulos nobiliárquicos
Barão de Timbohy
Título conferido por decreto imperial em 16 de setembro de 1874, referendado por João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira, por serviços prestados às linhas telegráficas do Espírito Santo  durante a Guerra do Paraguai.

Naturais de São Mateus (Espírito Santo)
Coronéis da Guarda Nacional (Brasil)
Baronatos do Brasil
Proprietários rurais do Espírito Santo
Oficiais da Guarda Nacional

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We provide a wide range of resources for indoor play appropriate to the ages and stages of the children's learning and development. There are both free play and adult led activities on offer which includes, craft, messy play, construction and playing with the light box, dark den, and at the literacy & mathematics stations.
We are lucky enough to have access to lots of outdoor space and therefore we try to make use of this whenever possible, taking the learning outdoors. Parents/carers are asked to ensure that their children are always appropriately dressed according to the weather (i.e.: raincoat, wellies, sunhat etc).
Whilst outside the children can feed the animals, explore their environment (i.e. bug hunts), make dens out of both natural & man made resources. Access sit on rides, balls, the playhouse, swings, discovery tray, mark making area's, sensory garden and sand/water pits.


text:
Hollywood Celebrity Reality VS Movie Character, Which Image Is More Like A Bad Guy?
There's been a fair few good looking bad guys in Hollywood over the years, but traditionally, the antagonist is ugly as sin. They can make their villains as aesthetically unpleasing or as downright frightening as they choose, and some of them have really pushed the boat out in recent years. But what about the actors beneath the makeup and prosthetics? The following movie villains might be designed to disgust, but they're all gorgeous in real life.
Scroll Down To Start
The 6'3" actress and model rose to fame playing Brienne of Tarth on Game of Thrones, flying the flag for taller women. "Occasionally I get messages from women saying that I've brought them some joy, and that's unbelievably thrilling," Christie told the news reporters.
Via nickiswift
Captain Phasma in The Force Awakens.
The Red Queen, which fell right into Bonham Carter's comfort zone said "I loved playing her originally because of her look," she told Den of Geek during the promotion of 2016's Alice Through the Looking Glass. "I always like camouflaging myself, basically. She's just such a strong character. It's always liberating to play someone who has basically stopped growing up. She was just brilliantly written. It was a gift."
The Red Queen in Alice and Wonderland
Theron portrayed Wuornos in 2003's Monster (directed by future Wonder Woman helmer Patty Jenkins), giving a performance that the Academy deemed worthy of a Best Actress statuette. She thanked a lot of people in her acceptance speech, but perhaps chief among them was the film's talented makeup artist, Toni G. "She's got this beautiful face, but she's a very brave woman, because you've got to have the weight in order for the jowls to look right," Toni G said to reporters.
Aileen Wuornos in Monster
Standing at a whopping 6'10", Prince was the perfect build to play a hideous predator, though in real life he's not only good-looking, he's apparently a great guy, too. "Olivia Munn said to me, 'There's no way you can play the Predator, you're too nice,'" the athletic actor recalled.
Brian Prince in The Predator
#Movies #Villains #Shocked #Reality #Buzzfun #Personality #Fun #Entertainment #Movies
Live-Action Version Of "Barbie": Cringe Or Binge?
Happy Valentine's! Which Movies Are You Going To Re-watch?
Do You Think These Long Running TV Shows Are Being Dragged So Much?
These Famous Personalities Re-Imagined In A Parallel Universe As Beggars.
People Are Mad Because Elon Musk Has Bought The Twitter. Are You..?
Which Anime Protagonist Are You?


text:
New England 200 steht für:

ein Autorennen der NASCAR Nationwide Series auf dem New Hampshire Motor Speedway 2003, 2005 und 2006, siehe Camping World RV Sales 200 (New Hampshire)
ein Autorennen der NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series auf dem New Hampshire Motor Speedway zwischen 2001 und 2002, siehe Camping World RV Rental 200.


text:
Q: UIView animation trying to change the frame size doesn't work in iOS 8 but in iOS 7 I wanted to resize an UIView, my code works perfect in iOS 7.1 but when I run it in iOS 8 it didn't work properly (I will explain below).
I have my UIView int the storyboard with values (0,67,511,320), I want to resize to full screen on iPad, so I added the following code:
        [UIView animateWithDuration:0.5 animations:^{

            CGRect frame = containerView.frame;
            frame.origin.x = 0;
            frame.origin.y = 67;
            frame.size.height = 643;
            frame.size.width = 1024;
            containerView.frame = frame;
            ...

        }completion:^(BOOL finished) {
            ...
        }];

I wanted something like:
 _________________________________
|           |                     |
|           |                     |
|     A     |                     |
|___________|                     |
|                                 |
|                BACKGROUND       |
|                                 |
|                                 |
|_________________________________|

                |
                V
 _________________________________
|                                 |
|                                 |
|                                 |
|               A                 |
|                                 |
|                                 |
|                                 |
|                                 |
|_________________________________|

But it starts the animation like (0,67,0,0) to (0,67,511,320)
Any clue about what is happening? Or alternative?

A: is autolayout enabled?
maybe in iOS 8 some additional constrains are adding during build time
try to call [self.view layoutIfNeeded]; in animatin block, after animation code itself
UPDATE
__block CGRect frame = containerView.frame;
frame.origin.x = 0;
frame.origin.y = 67;
frame.size.height = 643;
frame.size.width = 1024;

[UIView animateWithDuration:0.5 animations:^{

        containerView.frame = frame;
        ...

    }completion:^(BOOL finished) {
        ...
    }];

A: You should disable pregenerated constraints. The most simple way is to use autoresizing masks instead of constraints for animating view.
containerView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = YES;

You can put this code to your -viewDidLoad method or just above [UIView animateWithDuration:...


text:
Münster är en kretsfri stad i den tyska delstaten Nordrhein-Westfalen. Staden har en välbevarad medeltida stadskärna och många byggnader är konstruerade för att harmoniera med den medeltida arkitekturen. Staden är ett av flera administrativa säten för förbundslandet Nordrhein-Westfalen. I staden återfinns konstitutionsdomstolen och överdomstolen, vilket lever kvar sedan tiden då staden var huvudstad i Westfalen.

Staden har cirka  invånare varav cirka 48 500 är studenter. Därmed är Münster den näst största studentstaden i Tyskland efter München.

Münster blev officiellt storstad år 1915. År 2004 fick Münster utmärkelsen LivCom Award som världens bästa stad att bo i för kategorin städer med 250 000 till 750 000 invånare. Staden med omnejd kallas i folkmun för Münsterland. Staden är också en stor cykelstad.

Historia

Staden grundades år 797 som en missionsskola i biskopsdömet Münsterland.

Münster blev år 802 biskopssäte och stad omkring 1170 och blev så småningom centrum i Furstbiskopsstiftet Münster. Från mitten av 1200-talet tillhörde Münster Hansan.

År 1534 tog Anabaptister kontrollen över staden under ledning av Jan van Leiden. När staden återtogs 1535 avrättades upprorsledarna brutalt, och kropparna visades i burar upphängda i tornet på St. Lambertikyrkan. Dessa burar hänger där än.

I stadens rådhus slöts den westfaliska freden 1648, vilken avslutade det trettioåriga kriget. Vid samma tid nådde kampen för att staden skulle bli oavhängig sin höjdpunkt. Det kulminerade i ett försök att göra Münster till fri riksstad. Det ledde dock till konflikt mellan borgerskapet och de kyrkliga furstarna och resulterade i öppen konfrontation med furstbiskop Bernhard von Galen, som 1661 höll staden belägrad i åtta månader.

1780 grundades stadens universitet (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität).

Efter den siste furstbiskopens död 1801, besattes staden ett år senare av den preussiske generalen Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. Preussens överhöghet legitimerades först 1803, innan Napoleon I intog och besatte staden 1806. Först 1813 fördrevs fransmännen från staden av preussiska och ryska trupper. Efter Europas nyordning genom Wienkongressen 1815 tillhörde Münster officiellt Preussen och var provinshuvudstad i den nygrundade provinsen Westfalen.

Under andra världskriget skadades bebyggelsen svårt, men byggdes upp igen till sitt ursprungliga utseende. Münster var den preussiska provinsen Westfalens residensstad till 1949, när Preussen upplöstes.

Stadsdelar

Münster är indelad 6 stadsdistrikt (Stadtbezirke) som i sin tur är indelade i mindre stadsdelar.

 Mitte
 Kernbereich
 Nord
 Coerde
 Kinderhaus
 Sprakel och Sandrup
 Ost
 Dyckburg (Består av Mariendorf och Sudmühle)
 Gelmer med Gittrup
 Handorf med Kasewinkel, Laer, Dorbaum och Verth
 Mauritz-Ost och Mondstraße, (Kallas även för: St. Mauritz)
 West
 Albachten
 Gievenbeck
 Mecklenbeck
 Nienberge med Häger, Schonebeck och Uhlenbrock
 Roxel med Altenroxel och Oberort
 Sentruper Höhe
 Süd-Ost
 Angelmodde med Hofkamp
 Gremmendorf med Loddenheide
 Wolbeck
 Hiltrup
 Amelsbüren med Sudhoff, Loevelingloh och Wilbrenning
 Berg Fidel
 Hiltrup

Storstadsområde
Münster är en betydande studentstad, och många i närregionen pendlar dagligen in till utbildningar och arbetsplatser i staden. Hela pendlingsområdet, där mer än hälften av de dagliga pendlarna söker sig in till de centrala delarna, består av städerna Münster, Drensteinfurt, Dülmen, Greven, Lüdinghausen, Sendenhorst och Telgte, samt kommunerna Altenberge, Ascheberg, Everswinkel, Havixbeck, Laer, Nottuln, Ostbevern och Senden.

Politik
I valet till kommunfullmäktige 2009 fördelades platserna följande
 CDU 31 platser
 SPD 20 platser
 Grüne 16 platser
 FDP 7 platser
 UWG-MS 1 plats
 Linke 3 plats
 ödp 1 plats
 Piraten  1 plats

Samarbetsstäder och vänorter

  Braniewo i Polen sedan 1954
  York, Storbritannien sedan 1957
  Orléans i Frankrike sedan 1960
  Kristiansand i Norge sedan 1967
  Monastir i Tunisien sedan 1969
  Beaugency i Frankrike sedan 1974
  Rishon LeZion i Israel sedan 1981
  Fresno i USA sedan 1986
  Rjazan i Ryssland sedan 1989
  Mühlhausen i Thüringen, Tyskland sedan 1990
  Lublin i Polen sedan 1991

Infrastruktur

Cykel
Münster har gott om cykelbanor. Hela nätet av cykelbanor hade året 2015 en längd av 473 km.

Järnväg
Münster är en medelstor järnvägsknut och ligger vid järnvägssträckan Hamburg - Bremen - Osnabrück - Münster - Lünen - Dortmund.

Vägar
Sedan år 1965 går motorvägen A1 förbi staden, vägen är viktig för trafiken i Tyskland. Vägen går väster om själva staden och separerar stadsdelarna Nienberge och Roxel från resten av staden. År 1981 byggdes motorväg A43. Den ansluter Münster med de mer centrala delarna av Ruhrområdet, till skillnad från A1 som går öster om området. A43 ansluter till A1 i en motorvägskorsning sydost om staden. I korsningen finns också vägen B51 som fortsätter i en 90° ringled runt staden, dvs en ringled som förbinder de södra delarna av staden med de östra.
I den västra delen av B51 i Münster ansluter B219 och B54.

En av det viktigaste trafikplatserna i staden är Ludgeriplatz. Det är en rondell precis söder om stadskärnan, och till rondellen ansluter sex vägar.

I staden finns två ringvägar, varav den ena går runt stadskärnan och den andra någon kilometer utanför den första. Man håller på med en tredje ringväg, och det är den som nämns tidigare i artikeln som B51. Den kommer förmodligen att gå ifrån A1 i en ring runt staden för att sedan ansluta till A1 igen.

Flygtrafik
Norr om staden i närheten av staden Greven ligger flygplatsen Flughafen Münster-Osnabrück International Airport (IATA FMO, ICAO EDDG. Flygplatsen används mest som inrikesflygplats. Men det går charterflyg till vissa länder. Startbanan är idag 2 170 meter. Men man planerar att bygga ut den till 3 000 meter när man har hittat finansiärer. I en senare framtid planerar man att bygga ut flygplatsen till 3 600 så man kan börja flyga medellånga sträckor från flygplatsen.

Sport
I staden finns fotbollslaget Preussen Münster och volleybollklubben USC Münster.

Referenser

Externa länkar

 www.stadt-muenster.de
 www.muensterland-tourismus.de

Hansan


Hi everyone! I have an interesting post for you today. You'll remember that I attended the CT Mom Blog Meet a while ago. One of the sponsors of the Johannesburg event wanted to include the Cape Town Bloggers and reached out to me via e-mail. Zulé offered me a pair of sunglasses for my son and asked if we could meet up when she came down to Cape Town with Tanya (who happens to be a qualified optometrist). This was far from just a product drop off. These two ladies offered the ultimate personal touch. They came to see me at work to deliver a pair of sunglasses for Elijah and also chat to me about their vision. In the time that they were here I learned so much about eye care!
How cool was that?! I know Gabby has a tendency to bend the ears of glasses outwards and she has destroyed her pink Barbie glasses by doing so. She sometimes steals Elijah's glasses from him to wear herself and now I don't have to worry about her breaking them when she does this. I have the Sport style glasses and Elijah has decided he is not fond of the fit. This shape wraps around your child's face. Elijah says it makes his "eyebrows uncomfortable". I think the Swag would have been a better choice for him. Gabby, however, loves the fit of the Sport even though they are still a little too big for her (she is only 2) and wears them happily.
Another initiative Zulé and Tanya were telling me about was Sunglasses at School. I mentioned before that children are outside every day during break times, not to mention sports days or after school sports activities. What OV-Optics would love to see is that sunglasses become part of school uniforms and be worn freely at school. That is part of the reason there are only 2 styles and both are black. Yes, sunglasses are cool, but this is not about the cool factor. I'm really hoping schools will adopt this. I also forgot to mention that prescription lenses can be fitted into the Swag frames, so your little one could still wear these even if they already wear prescription glasses.
It literally took me WEEKS to get my kids to stand still and pose for a photo wearing the glasses, but I finally managed it.
Can you tell Easter fever is running high?
If you would like to buy a pair of glasses for you kiddo, check out the shop on the OV Optics site. Simply click here!
I would really love to hear what you think of these. Do your kids wear sunglasses with proper UV protection?


The latest Kids Count report on child well-being suggests that Kansas kids are making strides in education and health even while a series of economic indicators are trending in the wrong direction.
Kansas ranked 16th in the nation overall in the annual report by the Annie E. Casey Foundation, which looked at 16 indicators - four each for economic well-being, education, health, and family and community.
"There's some good news and some not so good news like every year," said Shannon Cotsoradis, president and CEO of Kansas Action for Children. "We're continuing to see a decline in the number of children without health insurance. That decreased from 8 percent in 2008 to 6 percent in 2011. So that's some important progress. We know health insurance is critical in terms of kids having access to health care. We also saw a decrease in the teen birth rate, and the number of kids not graduating from high school on time went down. We were at 22 percent in 2005-06, and we're at 15 percent in 2008-09."
She said the decline in the teen birth rate, from 7.2 percent in 2005 to 7.1 percent in 2010, follows a national trend for modest decreases.
The decline in the number of uninsured children, she said, follows a concerted effort in Kansas to reduce the number.
"There's been a lot of outreach," she said. "We've got outpatient eligibility workers placed in high uninsurance communities throughout the state. ... We knew many of those kids in Kansas who were uninsured were in fact eligible for public health insurance but just not enrolled. So there's been a multi-year effort to get those kids enrolled, a good partnership between Kansas Action for Children and the Division of Health Care Finance."
Cotsoradis, however, was concerned about the four indicators of economic well-being - the percentage of children living in poverty, children in families where no parent has a full-time, year-round job, children living in households where more than 30 percent of the income is spent on housing, and teenagers who are neither working nor attending school.
If you look at the (overall) ranking for economic well-being, you'd say eighth (in the nation), that's pretty impressive," Cotsoradis said. "But in fact, when you look at each of those indicators under economic well-being ... what you'll actually see is that each one of those got worse in terms of the percent change over time. So I'm a little bit cautious about drawing any really rosy conclusions because the trends are all moving in the wrong direction."
For example, the number of children living in poverty was about 100,000 (15 percent) in 2005, and that remained fairly steady until 2009. The number and percentage has been growing ever since, and in 2011 there were 134,000 children in poverty, or 19 percent of all Kansas children.
"If you look at 2005 to 2011, we've seen a 27 percent change (in Kansas)," Cotsoradis said. "So we have a lot more kids living in poverty than in 2005, and we're really outpacing the nation. The percent change for the nation was 21 percent. So you're seeing a lot more growth in the percentage of children living in poverty in Kansas than the national as a whole, which I think is pretty troubling."
Among the other economic well-being indicators, the percent of Kansas children whose parents lack secure employment has grown from 22 percent in 2008 to 25 percent in 2011; the percentage of children in households with a high housing cost burden has grown from 26 percent in 2005 to 30 percent in 2011; and the percentage of teenagers not working and not in school has grown from 5 percent in 2008 to 6 percent in 2011.
"We are definitely moving in the wrong direction, and we are moving in the wrong direction faster than the nation as a whole," Cotsoradis said. "In Kansas, a state where we are ranked relatively well compared to the nation, when things are getting worse faster here than the nation, I think it's more significant because that's just generally not what things look like here. We tend to fare better than the nation as a whole."
Although all the latest economic data was for 2011, and by most accounts 2012 has been a better year for the economy, Cotsoradis said she's not optimistic that the Kansas numbers will improve in next year's Kids Count report.
"Obviously the verdict is still out, but what we've seen is an increase in the number of applications when it comes to services, things like temporary assistance for needy families, even though fewer families are receiving those benefits in Kansas," Cotsoradis said. "That gives me pause and reason to believe we've got a lot of families stills struggling. So I wish I could say I was optimistic, but at this point I'm not optimistic that we are going to see a turnaround in the childhood poverty numbers any time soon.
"I think some things happening at the state level also make that less likely - (loss of) tax credits that benefit low-income families, changes in tax policy that will place an additional burden on low-income families, more difficulty for families accessing benefits they need to remain employed, like the loss of the child independent care credit. Those sorts of things I think will factor in to how well families fare in the coming years."
Kansas saw positive changes in all the education indicators and ranked 11th in the nation overall in that category.
However, Cotsoradis still saw reasons for concern.
The percentage of children not attending preschool dropped from 57 percent in 2005-07 to 54 percent in 2009-11. But that still left 44,000 children not attending pre-school.
"We know that kids who start school behind stay behind," she said. "So when we've got 44,000 kids in Kansas not attending pre-school, I think that's pretty troubling in terms of long term predictors of educational success."
The percentage of fourth-graders who are not proficient in reading also has declined, from 68 percent in 2005 to 64 percent in 2011.
"That ranks us 10th, but I hardly think that's anything to get excited about," she said.
Kansas also saw improvement in each of the four health indicators, including the percent of children without health insurance, and ranked 26th in the nation.
The record on the family and community category was mixed, with two indicators showing improvement and two others getting worse.
One of the latter was the percentage of children living in high-poverty areas. In 2000, 2 percent of Kansas children lived in census tracts where at least 30 percent of all children lived in poverty. For 2007-11, 7 percent of Kansas children lived in those areas.
"That means lots of kids living in areas with lots of poor families, which affects kids living in a poor family as well as kids living next door to a poor family," Cotsoradis said. "These are areas where they are not likely to have adequate transportation; they are not likely to have grocery stores; they are not likely to have access to health care readily because it's a high poverty area. Those tend to be areas of significant deprivation. We've actually got 51,000 children living in high poverty areas, and the most troubling thing about this indicator is the percent change over time."


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A look into African people, culture, food, living and ancient history are all found here.
African Culture is World Heritage
Night Running
Chic African Culture
Usage of Amen and Ashe or Ase
Ashe to Amen learn about the custom of using the words Ashe and Amen historically
Where did the word Amen and Ashe come from, why is it said, and what does it mean?
In Judaism, 3,500 years old and Christian religions 2,000 years old, Amen, means may it be so. In the African Yoruba language among the Yoruba people whose culture is as old as time, Ashe or Ase means may it be so.
Ase or Ashe means power, commandment, and authority, the ability to make whatever one says happen from the spiritual to the physical realm. In the Yoruba language, Ashe is omnipresent spiritual energy.
Followers of Judaism and Christian religions use the word Amen. It is the word utilized to end prayers as an affirmation for the requests to be provided by God. Yoruba is as old as time, Ashe refers to the life force within all living things, the spark that animates life.
It is used as a term used in the same manner as Amen at the end of appeals and prayers as an affirmation that what has been requested should be made manifest in the physical.
It is interesting to note the conversion of African time immoral spiritual practices to newer religious who express contempt of African indigenous cultures and practices, borrowed many words and ritual practices from Africans.
Further highlighting just how much our modern day religions borrow from ancient understandings principles of African spiritual practices. Today, in Yorubaland, many Judaic, Christian and Muslim groups have merged the local Yoruba customs into their faiths practiced side by side.
The Yoruba word Ashe or Ase pronounced AH SHAY is the divine force, energy, and power to make things happen, the same as the word Amen.
Ile-Ife is the ancestral and spiritual home for all Yoruba's and the Ooni of Ife is the traditional head and is highly revered amongst the Yoruba. The Yoruba are one of the three largest ethnic groups of Nigeria, also living in Benin and northern Togo. Yoruba have traditionally been among the most skilled and productive artisans of Africa.
Read more facts and food recipes about Africa
African people are praised for proverbs, history, traditions, and struggles. Learn more about Africa.
Liberian Kanya is a creamy no-bake peanut candy
Sierra Leone Fish Soup Recipe
African Countries and Capitals That Begin with M Word Search
Quick and Easy Bitter Leaf Stew Recipe
All 54 African countries have national anthems.
Honor a child and she will honor you.
African facts
Nature Holds Many Secrets | Hurricanes, Angry African Ancestors
Eastern coasts of Caribbean, United States, and South America, are in danger of being blasted by hurricanes wind and rain during hurricane season from June through November. But, why?
The scientific reason why is because of Africa's Sahara desert dust storms and the transition of thunderstorms off the west coast of Africa. The waters in the North Atlantic Ocean are typically at their warmest while the Sahara is at its hottest from July through October, so the chances of a hurricane are highest during these months.
Hurricanes are gigantic weather systems using convection, the movement of hot and cold air, to create dangerous storms. They are rotating heat engines powered by the warmth of tropical waters having three main parts, the eye, the eyewall, and rainbands.
Hurricanes cannot form just anywhere in the world due to the need for hot and humid air. They normally form close to the equator and move west or northwest. Hurricane Alley is a stretch of warm water through the Atlantic Ocea…
Survival of the Fattest, obese Europeans starving Africa
Survival of the Fattest
Rich get richer Survival of the Fattest, obese Europeans starving Africa
Survival of the Fattest is a sculpture of a small starving African man, carrying Lady Justice, a huge obese European woman who is a symbol of the rich world. Explore and Understand Africa Through Her Food and Culture
Survival of the Fattest Meaning
The copper statue Survival of the Fattest by Jens Galschiøt and Lars Calmar was created in 2002. The fat woman is holding a pair of scales as a symbol of justice however; she is closing her eyes so the justice. Galschiot symbolized the woman as being blind, refusing to see the obvious injustice.
For the rich people of the world the main issue in life is that of overeating while people in the third world are dying every day from hunger.
The misery of imbalanced wealth distribution is creating floods of refugees. However the rich only want to preserve their privileges and take measures so harsh against the poor, they betray their morals …
Charging Cell Phones in Rural Africa
Charging Cell Phones Rural Africa
Charging Cell Phones in Rural AfricaChic African Culture
The simple task of charging a cell phone is no simple matter in rural African villages far from an electric grid.
With the advent of tiny rooftop solar panels electricity could be accessible to millions.
African governments are struggling to meet to electric needs of the poorest of the poor living in rural areas.
Living off-grid may be a lifestyle choice to some and a fact of everyday living to the poorest of the poor. However, tiny rooftop solar panels and high-efficiency LED lights across the African continent could provide enough electricity to charge cell phones.
Cell phones are vital for people in rural areas with no access to banks in order to send and receive money, access medical care and stay in contact with family and friends.
What does Off-Grid Mean? Off the grid (off-grid) means creating your own self-sufficient environment and being able to operate completely independently of all trad…
Everyday we wish you peace, love and happiness
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АО «НТЦ «Интернавигация»
Испытательно-технический центр коллективного пользования
Испытательная лаборатория «Интернавигация-ТЕСТ»
Опытное производство
Маркетинговые исследования рынка НАП
Разработка СПО
Выполнение НИР и ОКР
Унифицированный ряд сборно-разборных мачт
Активная магнитная антенна
ПАК «ГЕОДЕЗИЯ»
СМПО обработки и анализа навигационных данных аппаратуры потребителей
СКУД «ИнтерКод»
ТК 363/МТК 522
МТК 522
ТК 363
Фонд стандартизации
Программа совершенствования нормативно-правовой и нормативно-технической базы навигационной деятельности до 2030 года
МГС «Радионавигация»
МНИС «Радионавигация»
СПУТНИКОВЫЕ НАВИГАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ
IRNSS
Журнал «Новости навигации»
«Navigation News» Journal
Terms of Publication
Publication Ethics and Unfair Practice Statement
РОССИЙСКИЙ НАВИГАЦИОННЫЙ СЕРВЕР
МЕЖГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ СОВЕТ «РАДИОНАВИГАЦИЯ»
The quarterly journal "Novosti Navigatsii" («Navigation News») invites interested authors to cooperate!
The main audience of the «Navigation News» magazine consists of specialists in the field of radio engineering and radio navigation devices, systems and complexes, navigation and control of the movement of air, sea and river vessels, space, ground, underground and underwater objects, navigation, topogeodetic and geoinformation support, hydrography, land management and precision farming, geological exploration, ensuring the functioning of transport, energy systems, monitoring of the earth's surface, medium and others.
We draw your attention to the fact that the magazine does not charge a fee for the publication of articles and does not pay for the publication of articles.
The incoming articles are reviewed. Reviewers of the magazine «News of Navigation» are leading experts on the priority topics of the publication. Authors are provided with copies of reviews or motivated refusals are sent.
Requirements for the design of manuscripts for publication in the Scientific and Technical Journal "Novosti Navigatsii"
The paper (scientific work) submitted to the Editorial Board should be original, as a rule, nowhere else published, and also not submitted for consideration and publication in another journal. The article should correspond to the subject and have scientific novelty.
The structure of the manuscript:
the name in Russian and English (bold, all capital letters);
initials and surnames of the author (s) in Russian and English (italics);
Abstract (no more than 250 words) and keywords (up to 10 words) in Russian and English, UDC;
the text of the article: the volume of the text of a theoretical nature should not exceed 1 conv. printer. sheet, and practical — 2/3 conv. printer. sheet;
List of literature issued in accordance with GOST R 7.0.5-2008. Each source should be added to the list of references in the citation order. In the links for the text, you need to specify the specific source pages, and in the list of references — the total number of source pages.
Information about the author(s) should include: full name, information about the organization (country, name and address), position, academic degrees and titles, e-mail of the organization and personal e-mail, phone numbers (work and personal) and faxes. This information should be given separately from the paper in Russian and in English and placed at the end of the article after the bibliography.
Formatting standards of the article elements:
pages of the manuscript should not be numbered;
only Arabic figures should be used to highlight any paragraphs in the text or graphic material;
the electronic version of the article is saved in MS Word (*doc, *docx) and should be submitted electronically (on a disc or by e-mail) or in print in two copies;
font of the text – Times New Roman, underlined words are not allowed;
the font size for titles – 16 pt, initials and surname of the author(s) – 14 pt, subtitles – 12 pt, text – 12 pt, footnotes – 10 pt, line spacing – multiplier 1,3;
the main text should have justified alignment;
indentation 1.25 cm (without using the Tab or Space keys);
formulas should be typed in a formula processor Microsoft Equation, except when they can be typed by means of MS Word; Latin letters are typed italicized, Greek and Cyrillic – non-italicized; numbers are not italicized;
illustrative and graphic material is submitted as separate files of MS Word format with the numbered images and graphs. Scanned images, graphs, and formulas are not allowed. The images should be of good quality. Objects must have the *jpeg (or *jpg) extension except if they are created by means of MS Word. Literal and arithmetic symbols in the figures according to the type and size should correspond to the symbols in the text of the article and be readable.
The review procedure:
all the submitted articles are reviewed and discussed at the editorial board meeting;
depending on the subject matter of the article, if necessary, an expert opinion on the possibility of publication in public media should be enclosed to the submitted material;
the reviewer is appointed by the Editor-in-Chief or the Editor of the journal «Navigation News» from among the members of the editorial board who have had publications on the subject of the article under review during the last 3 years. If necessary, scientists of specialized research organizations and educational institutions may be invited for review;
the reviewer makes a written review of the article, which assesses the relevance of the topic, the novelty and reliability of the results obtained, their theoretical and practical significance, notes the existing shortcomings and provides recommendations for their elimination. In conclusion, the reviewer considers whether it is advisable to publish an article in the journal;
if there are any concerns or comments after the review, the manuscript is returned to the author for revision;
the final decision on approval or rejection of the material submitted to the editorial board is adopted by the editorial board by a majority vote. With an equal number of votes «for» and «against», the vote of the Editor-in-Chief is the deciding vote;
if the manuscript gets a positive review and is approved by the editorial board, it is accepted for publication;
in case of refusal to publish the article, the editorial team sends the author a reasoned refusal with a copy of the review;
the reviews can also be sent to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation upon request;
the reviews of the received articles should be kept in the editorial office of the journal «Navigation News» for 5 years.
Publication of the material is free of charge.
ГЛОНАСС стала обязательным для ряда видов железнодорожного транспорта
Премия ELECTRONICA 2021
Рогозин: в 2020 году не было оперативной необходимости обновлять группировку ГЛОНАСС
EASA публикует нормативную базу для предоставления услуг дронов
Постоянное информационное взаимодействие ГАИС «ЭРА-ГЛОНАСС» и Системы-112 обеспечено уже в 55 регионах
Использование материалов сайта разрешено только с письменного разрешения АО «НТЦ «Интернавигация». При цитировании материалов в сети Интернет гиперссылка на www.интернавигация.рф обязательна. Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ Эл № ФС77-65787 от 20.05.2016 г. Выдано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи и массовых коммуникаций.


Obama and Clinton in 2012?
With Barack Obama's administration sinking, there has been — and likely will continue to be — a lot of chatter on whether or not Hillary Clinton (above) will challenge the current president in 2012. While it's highly unlikely she'd divide the Democratic Party by pursuing the White House, she may find herself there via another route.
This week the rumor mill was abuzz again after respected journalist Bob Woodward alleged that the idea of a Biden-Clinton swap is "on the table." He would take the secretary of state job, while she would take second billing on Obama's return ticket to the White House.
While a switcheroo might not be in the cards, an Obama-Clinton is nevertheless a real possibility for vice president. With Democrats in duress and the president's popularity plummeting, especially with white voters, Obama might have no choice but to add her to the ticket if he has any hopes for a second term.


Stone Town is amazing. My first experience of an "Arabic" city. The streets are crocked and narrow, and most of them can't accommodate cars, which makes it a great walking city. Sunset at The Africa House hotel is a must, and the sunset is also nice from Mercury's restaurant.
For dinner, definitely hit Forodhani Gardens for the outdoor grill experience. The first night my eyes were bigger than my stomach, and I couldn't finish my 5 skewers of lobster, tuna, prawns, calamari and oysters. Total of that meal, $US 7 dollars. The next night, learning my lesson, I spent $US 4 for lobster, tuna and calamari and was very happily sated.
Stayed at the Garden Inn on Kaunda Road. $US 20 for a single including breakfast on the rooftop patio. The rooms were nice with four-poster beds, mosquito nets, fans and hot water. It is also an excellent choice because it is on a major road, and thus easy to find. One of the places I was thinking of I stumbled on while lost in the twisting alleys of Stone Town. There is no way I would have been able to find a hotel in those back streets in the dark after a few beers.
Took a spice tour. Zanzibar is famous for growing spices, especially cloves, and taking a tour of a spice farm. The farmer takes you around and shows you various plants and their fruits. We then play a game where we try and guess what spice is made from the plant. Everyone else in the group would be sitting their saying stuff like, "is it turmeric?" The farmer would say, "Yes! It is turmeric!" And I would be thinking, "What the heck is turmeric?" A spice tour is a very, very boring concept if you know nothing about spices or cooking. All it was to me was an hour of beach time lost. The spice tour I took cost $20 including a transfer from Stone Town to Kendwa.
Kendwa, on the north coast, is a quiet and beautiful beach town. The beaches are white sand. The Indian Ocean water is blue and calm, perfect for swimming. Unfortunately I only had a day available in Kendwa. I could have stayed much longer.
I stayed at the Amaan Bungalows. It was $US 30 for a single "sea view." It was about 20 metres from the beach. They wanted $US 50 for a sea view on the beach, but I decided that the extra $20 wasn't worth the saved 40 steps to the beach. Very nice place – hot water, beds with mosquito nets, fan, AC. A beach bar and restaurant is on the property. Food is a little pricey.
The biggest complaint I have with Amaan is that they refused to take 30,000 shillings for the $US 30 charge. The insisted on 33,300 shillings based on their exchange rate. Even though I had to leave early the next day and would miss breakfast, they still wouldn't budge.
I also checked out Kendwa Rocks next door. They were a little cheaper than Amaan Bungalows, but didn't have any singles available. I liked the architecture at Kendwa Rocks better – the thatch hut look rather than the stucco bungalow look, but that's just window dressing. I have heard that Kendwa Rocks can get a little rowdy at night – they do host full moon parties.


How do I paint my car?
Many many many years ago by brother turned my garage into a spray booth. He rented a sprayer and painted his car. He still owns that car today, though I doubt it runs . . .
First Burn Out old Colour, Then VVet Scarach all over, Then Apply vvhite Putty Rub it vvith fine Sand Paper, Let It Bone Dry, Spray Paint of Your Choice.
Go to an auto paint supply store. Get proper supplies like the proper sandpaper. Bondo any holes, sand off any loose paint and prime with self-etching primer. For a nice looking paint job, apply at least two coats of primer and sand in between. Finally, rent a good quality paint sprayer and practice with it to make sure you can evenly apply paint.
Many years ago I repainted the fender on my MBZ using matching paint from an auto supply store. My mechanic asked where I had had the work done because it was such a nice job. You CAN do it but be prepared to the do prep work if you want the paint to last.


Brief Description: Kansas Income Tax Treatment of Certain Payments Received from the Regents Retirement Plan.
Advice has been requested concerning the income tax treatment of certain payments received from the Regents Retirement Plan.
During the period of their employment, faculty and other persons who are employed by the State Board of Regents or by educational institutions under its management and who are in the unclassified service under the civil service act are required by K.S.A. 74-4925 to contribute a percentage of their gross income to the Regents Retirement Plan (the "Plan"). Contributions under this defined contribution (money purchase) plan are applied to the development of individual employee account balances and possible purchase of annuities from companies authorized by the Board to participate in the Plan. Plan contributions by a participant are made on a tax-deferred basis under an agreement for salary reduction executed in accordance with Section 403(b) of the Internal Revenue Code, subject to the rules and regulations adopted by the Board and the requirements of the selected investment providers.
The Board has selected Teacher Insurance Annuity Association – College Retirement Equities Fund ("TIAA-CREF"), the Aetna Life Insurance and Annuity Company, Lincoln National Pension Company and the Security Benefit Life Insurance Company ("alternative investment providers") to provide alternative investment options to participants in the Plan.
Each eligible employee is responsible for selecting an alternative investment provider and the alternative investment options to which the employee's basic retirement contributions under the Plan, as provided for by K.S.A. 74-4925, as amended, are to be deposited. The employee may utilize all alternative investment options offered by the alternate investment provider selected by the employee within the limitations of the agreement between the Board and the alternate investment provider and the employee's contract with the alternate investment provider.
At any time before retirement, a participant can transfer funds accumulated under the Plan from one alternate investment provider to another, subject to the established policies of the approved companies and in accordance with applicable Internal Revenue Service requirements.
For a participant who has terminated employment, the Plan's transferability rules continue to govern funds accumulated under the Plan. However, if the participant later participates in another employer's Internal Revenue Code Section 403(b) defined-contribution retirement plan, the transferability rules of the subsequent employer's plan will govern funds accumulated under the Plan.
Upon retirement, a participant is entitled to receive a benefit under any one of the options available from the approved company handling all or a portion of the participant's account(s).
Distributions are available only upon termination of employment, retirement or phased retirement. A terminated or retired participant in the Plan has full access to all accumulations, including the portion attributable to Plan contributions made by the employing institution. Participants in the phased retirement program have access to up to 99% of all accumulations, including the portion attributable to Plan contributions made by the employing institution. As a rule these payments are taxable for federal income tax purposes. Therefore, these payments are generally included in federal adjusted gross income.
Kansas law requires the use of federal adjusted gross income as the starting point for computing the Kansas income tax. Certain addition or subtraction "modifications" are then made in accordance with K.S.A. 79-32,117. Subsection (c)(ii) of K.S.A. 79-32,117 provides that "Any amounts received which are included in federal adjusted gross income but which are specifically exempt from Kansas income taxation under the laws of the state of Kansas" are to be subtracted from federal adjusted gross income prior to computing the Kansas income tax.
(b) Any annuity, benefits, funds, property or rights created by, or accruing to any person under the provisions of K.S.A. 74-4901 et seq. or 74-4951 et seq., and amendments thereto, shall be exempt from any tax of the state of Kansas or any political subdivision or taxing body of the state; . . . . .
Questions have arisen as to how the exemption from Kansas income tax contained in K.S.A. 74-4923(b) should be claimed with regard to payments from Plan membership accounts and related accounts. This process is discussed in the context of the manner in which payments are likely to be received: Direct one-time payments, monthly payments, and rollover payments.
In order to qualify for exemption from Kansas income tax, payments received by a Plan participant must meet two requirements. First, the payment must be received directly from companies authorized by the Board to participate in the Plan: Teacher Insurance Annuity Association – College Retirement Equities Fund ("TIAA-CREF"), the Aetna Life Insurance and Annuity Company, Lincoln National Pension Company and the Security Benefit Life Insurance Company. Second, the payment must be included in the member's federal adjusted gross income in the year it is received.
Payments that are not included in the member's federal adjusted gross income in the year of receipt and payments that are not received directly from companies authorized by the Board to participate in the Plan are not exempt.
A Plan participant who ceases covered employment may have the right to withdraw part or all of their accumulated contributions and have this amount paid directly to them. Upon withdrawal the contributions will be taxable for federal income tax purposes and included in federal adjusted gross income.
Similarly, a retiring Plan participant may have the right to take part or all of their retirement benefit in a lump sum. The amount of the lump-sum payment will be included in federal adjusted gross income.
Because these payments are received directly from companies authorized by the Board to participate in the Plan and are included in the Plan participant's federal adjusted gross income in the year received they are exempt from Kansas income tax.
In order to claim the exemption from Kansas income tax for direct one-time payments of withdrawn contributions or partial lump sum payments a subtraction modification should be made on the Kansas income tax return. This modification should be an amount equal to the amount of the withdrawn accumulated contributions or partial lump-sum payment. The effect of the modification will be to remove the accumulated contributions or partial lump-sum payment from Kansas taxable income.
Monthly payments from Plan accounts are taxable for federal income tax purposes and included in federal adjusted gross income.
In order to claim the exemption from Kansas income tax for the monthly payments a subtraction modification should be made on the Kansas income tax return. This modification should be an amount equal to the total amount of the monthly payments. The effect of the modification will be to remove the monthly payments from Kansas taxable income.
At any time before retirement, a participant can transfer funds accumulated under the Plan from one alternate investment provider to another, subject to the established policies of the approved companies and in accordance with applicable Internal Revenue Service requirements. Because these transfers are not included in federal adjusted gross income no modification is made on the Kansas income tax return.
For a participant who has terminated employment, the Plan's transferability rules continue to govern funds accumulated under the Plan. However, if the participant later participates in another employer's Internal Revenue Code Section 403(b) defined-contribution retirement plan, the transferability rules of the subsequent employer's plan will govern funds accumulated under the Plan. Because these transfers are not included in federal adjusted gross income no modification is made on the Kansas income tax return.
Federal law permits rollovers of funds accumulated under the Plan into a variety of qualified retirement accounts. In some cases the funds may be placed into a segregated account, such as a traditional IRA. In many cases, however, rollovers from the Plan are deposited into qualified accounts where they will be commingled with other retirement funds. By way of example, the receiving account for Plan rollover distributions may be another employer retirement plan. Once funds paid out of the Plan are rolled over into a qualified account they lose their characterization as Plan payments and become assets of the qualified account.
Payments from rollover accounts are received in a variety of ways, including as a lump sum and as annuitized payments (periodic or monthly payments), such as a monthly payment from an annuity. When a payment is received, it will be included in federal adjusted gross income. However, none of the payments made from a rollover account are paid directly by companies authorized by the Board to participate in the Plan.
Because rollover of a Plan payment deposited into a qualified retirement account is not included in federal adjusted gross income in the tax year when the Plan payment was made and it has lost its characterization as a Plan payment, payments from that account are not exempt from Kansas income tax. Therefore, no modification is made on the Kansas income tax return for a payment from a rollover account.


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Gonostyliki, gonostylusy, gonostyle (, l.poj. ) – elementy narządów genitalnych owadów, będące przekształconymi wyrostkami rylcowymi (stylikami) koksytów genitalnych segmentów odwłoka.

U przerzutek i rybików koksyty (płytki biodrowe) wykształcone są na niemal wszystkich segmentach odwłoka, a te segmentu ósmego i dziewiątego zawsze zaopatrzone są w wyrostki rylcowe (styliki). U owadów uskrzydlonych wyrostki te zachowują się tylko na koksycie dziewiątego segmentu, czyli gonokoksycie i wraz z nim oraz z nasadowym wyrostkiem wewnętrznym wchodzą w skład gonokoksopoditu tegoż segmentu.

U samców dobrze wykształcone gonokoksyty i odrębne od nich gonostyliki występują wśród takich grup jak jętki, świerszczokaraczany, wielbłądki, chruściki, wojsiłki, pchły, niektóre muchówki długoczułkie i liczne błonkoskrzydłe. U motyli gonkostylik zlany jest z gonokoksytem w walwę. U samców wielu innych grup gonokoksyty uległy przekształceniu w nieparzystą płytkę subgenitalną. U karaczanów, modliszek, niektórych prostoskrzydłych, niektórych gryzków i niektórych pluskwiaków różnoskrzydłych płytka ta zachowała wyodrębnione gonostyliki, podczas gdy widelnic, straszyków, skorków, nogoprządek oraz u pozostałych prostoskrzydłych, gryzków i pluskwiaków różnoskrzydłych gonostylików na płytce zupełnie brak. U wielu zaawansowanych ewolucyjnie muchówek i błonkówek całe gonokoksopodity uległy redukcji. Z kolei u samców chrząszczy gonokoksopodity uległy całkowitemu zanikowi.

Funkcją ruchomych gonostylików samców często jest chwytanie i przytrzymywanie samicy w trakcie kopulacji.

U samic gonokoksyty dziewiątego segmentu odwłokowego drugą parę walwiferów, na której osadzone są walwule drugiej pary, wchodzące w skład pokładełka. U samic chrząszczy gonostyliki, zwane też stylikami, są małymi płatkami połączonymi stawowo z kosksytem, osadzonymi na pokładełku wierzchołkowo lub przedwierzchołkowo.  W przypadku częstej u owadów uskrzydlonych wtórnej redukcji pokładełka gonostylik jest zwykle pierwszą strukturą ulegającą zanikowi.

Przypisy

Anatomia stawonogów


I finished THE KILLER IN ME a couple hours ago and I am still trying to come back to reality. This book has to be one of the most unique and terrifying books that I have ever read. For the most part, this is due to Ms. Harrison's deft touch with the main character, Nina.
In a lot of ways, Nina is the typical high school student. She struggles to keep her grades up and has to deal with her mother. She also has to attend support groups to help her overcome her addiction to stimulants. What makes her unusual is the reason she was taking them. Nina was afraid to sleep because her dreams would take her into the mind of a serial killer.
She is finally fed up with the horrible crimes that she is an unwilling witness too and manages to track down the killer with the help of her best friend Warren. What she discovers has her questioning herself, her perceptions and her life in general.
Now I don't want you to think that all of the other characters weren't as well portrayed as Nina because they were. Heck, I was starting to doubt Nina's perceptions myself. Readers are also treated to some of most beautiful desert scenery around.
I highly recommend THE KILLER IN ME to any of my readers who enjoy a mysterious tale that borders on horror. There is violence but since the scenes aren't that graphic, this book would be great for younger readers also.