text:
This article is about the Ancient Egyptian Queen Nefertiti. For other uses, see Nefertiti (disambiguation).
For other individuals named Neferneferuaten, see Neferneferuaten (disambiguation).
The bust of Nefertiti from the Ägyptisches Museum Berlin collection, presently in the Neues Museum.
Queen consort of Egypt
1353–1336 BC[1] or
1351–1334 BC[2]
c. 1370 BC
Meritaten
Meketaten
Ankhesenamun
Neferneferuaten Tasherit
Neferneferure
Setepenre
Neferneferuaten Nefertiti
18th of Egypt
Ay (possibly)
Iuy? (possibly)
Ancient Egyptian religion
Neferneferuaten-Nefertiti in hieroglyphs
Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj
Beautiful are the Beauties of Aten, the Beautiful one has come
Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten
Neferneferuaten Nefertiti (/ˌnɛfərˈtiːti/[3]) (c. 1370 – c. 1330 BC) was an Egyptian queen and the Great Royal Wife (chief consort) of Akhenaten, an Egyptian Pharaoh. Nefertiti and her husband were known for a religious revolution, in which they worshiped one god only, Aten, or the sun disc. With her husband, she reigned at what was arguably the wealthiest period of Ancient Egyptian history.[4] Some scholars believe that Nefertiti ruled briefly as Neferneferuaten after her husband's death and before the accession of Tutankhamun, although this identification is a matter of ongoing debate.[5][6] If Nefertiti did rule as Pharaoh, her reign was marked by the fall of Amarna and relocation of the capital back to the traditional city of Thebes.[7]
Nefertiti had many titles including Hereditary Princess (iryt-p`t); Great of Praises (wrt-Hzwt); Lady of Grace (nbt-im3t), Sweet of Love (bnrt-mrwt); Lady of The Two Lands (nbt-t3wy); Main King's Wife, his beloved (Hmt-nswt-'3t mryt.f); Great King's Wife, his beloved (Hmt-nswt-wrt mryt.f), Lady of all Women (Hnwt-Hmwt-nbwt); and Mistress of Upper and Lower Egypt (Hnwt-Shm'w-mhw).[8]
She was made famous by her bust, now in Berlin's Neues Museum. The bust is one of the most copied works of ancient Egypt. It was attributed to the sculptor Thutmose, and it was found in his workshop.
2.1 Possible reign as Pharaoh
3.1 Old theories
3.2 New theories
4 Burial
4.1 "The Younger Lady"
5 Hittite letters
6 In the arts
6.2 Video Games
See also: Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree
Limestone column fragment showing a cartouche of Nefertiti. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
A "house altar" depicting Akhenaten, Nefertiti and three of their daughters; limestone; New Kingdom, Amarna period, 18th dynasty; c. 1350 BC. Collection: Ägyptisches Museum Berlin, Inv. 14145
Nefertiti's name, Egyptian Nfr.t-jy.tj, can be translated as "The Beautiful Woman has Come".[9] Nefertiti's parentage is not known with certainty, but one often cited theory is that she was the daughter of Ay, later to be pharaoh.[9] One major problem of this theory is that neither Ay nor his wife Tey are explicitly called the father and mother of Nefertiti in existing sources. In fact, Tey's only connection with her was that she was the "nurse of the great queen" Nefertiti, an unlikely title for a queen's mother.[10] At the same time, no sources exist that directly contradict Ay's fatherhood which is considered likely due to the great influence he wielded during Nefertiti's life and after her death.[9] To solve this problem, it has been proposed that Ay had another wife before Tey, namely Iuy, whose existence and connection to Ay is suggested by some evidence. According to this theory, Nefertiti was the daughter of Ay and Iuy, but her mother died before her rise to queen, whereupon Ay married Tey, making her Nefertiti's step-mother. Nevertheless, this entire proposal is based on speculation and conjecture.[11]
It has also been proposed that Nefertiti was Akhenaten's full sister, though this is contradicted by her titles which do not include those usually used by the daughters of a Pharaoh.[9] Another theory about her parenthood that gained some support identified Nefertiti with the Mitanni princess Tadukhipa,[12] partially based on Nefertiti's name ("The Beautiful Woman has Come") which has been interpreted by some scholars as signifying a foreign origin.[9] However, Tadukhipa was already married to Akhenaten's father and there is no evidence for any reason why this woman would need to alter her name in a proposed marriage to Akhenaten or any hard evidence of a foreign non-Egyptian background for Nefertiti.
Nefertiti's scenes in the tombs of the nobles in Amarna mention the queen's sister who is named Mutbenret (previously read as Mutnodjemet).[13][14]
The exact dates when Nefertiti married Akhenaten and became the king's great royal wife of Egypt are uncertain. Their six known daughters (and estimated years of birth) were:[14][12]
Meritaten: No later than year 1, possibly later became Pharaoh Neferneferuaten.
Meketaten: Year 4.
Ankhesenpaaten, also known as Ankhesenamun, later queen of Tutankhamun
Neferneferuaten Tasherit: Year 8, possibly later became Pharaoh Neferneferuaten.
Neferneferure: Year 9.
Setepenre: Year 11.
Alabaster sunken relief depicting Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and daughter Meritaten. Early Aten cartouches on king's arm and chest. From Amarna, Egypt. 18th Dynasty. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
Close-up of a limestone relief depicting Nefertiti smiting a female captive on a royal barge. On display at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
Nefertiti first appears in scenes in Thebes. In the damaged tomb (TT188) of the royal butler Parennefer, the new king Amenhotep IV is accompanied by a royal woman, and this lady is thought to be an early depiction of Nefertiti. The king and queen are shown worshiping the Aten. In the tomb of the vizier Ramose, Nefertiti is shown standing behind Amenhotep IV in the Window of Appearance during the reward ceremony for the vizier.[12]
A standing/striding figure of Nefertiti made of limestone. Originally from Amarna, part of the Ägyptisches Museum Berlin collection.
During the early years in Thebes, Akhenaten (still known as Amenhotep IV) had several temples erected at Karnak. One of the structures, the Mansion of the Benben (hwt-ben-ben), was dedicated to Nefertiti. She is depicted with her daughter Meritaten and in some scenes the princess Meketaten participates as well. In scenes found on the talatat, Nefertiti appears almost twice as often as her husband. She is shown appearing behind her husband the Pharaoh in offering scenes in the role of the queen supporting her husband, but she is also depicted in scenes that would have normally been the prerogative of the king. She is shown smiting the enemy, and captive enemies decorate her throne.[15]
In the fourth year of his reign, Amenhotep IV decided to move the capital to Akhetaten (modern Amarna). In his fifth year, Amenhotep IV officially changed his name to Akhenaten, and Nefertiti was henceforth known as Neferneferuaten-Nefertiti. The name change was a sign of the ever-increasing importance of the cult of the Aten. It changed Egypt's religion from a polytheistic religion to a religion which may have been better described as a monolatry (the depiction of a single god as an object for worship) or henotheism (one god, who is not the only god).[16]
The boundary stelae of years 4 and 5 mark the boundaries of the new city and suggest that the move to the new city of Akhetaten occurred around that time. The new city contained several large open-air temples dedicated to the Aten. Nefertiti and her family would have resided in the Great Royal Palace in the centre of the city and possibly at the Northern Palace as well. Nefertiti and the rest of the royal family feature prominently in the scenes at the palaces and in the tombs of the nobles. Nefertiti's steward during this time was an official named Meryre II. He would have been in charge of running her household.[5][12]
Inscriptions in the tombs of Huya and Meryre II dated to Year 12, 2nd month of Peret, Day 8 show a large foreign tribute. The people of Kharu (the north) and Kush (the south) are shown bringing gifts of gold and precious items to Akhenaten and Nefertiti. In the tomb of Meryre II, Nefertiti's steward, the royal couple is shown seated in a kiosk with their six daughters in attendance.[5][12] This is one of the last times princess Meketaten is shown alive.
Two representations of Nefertiti that were excavated by Flinders Petrie appear to show Nefertiti in the middle to later part of Akhenaten's reign 'after the exaggerated style of the early years had relaxed somewhat'.[17] One is a small piece on limestone and is a preliminary sketch of Nefertiti wearing her distinctive tall crown with carving began around the mouth, chin, ear and tab of the crown. Another is a small inlay head (Petrie Museum Number UC103) modeled from reddish-brown quartzite that was clearly intended to fit into a larger composition.
Meketaten may have died in year 13 or 14. Nefertiti, Akhenaten, and three princesses are shown mourning her.[18] Nefertiti disappears from the record soon after that.[12]
Possible reign as Pharaoh[edit]
Main article: Neferneferuaten
Many scholars believe Nefertiti had a role elevated from that of Great Royal Wife, and was promoted to co-regent by her husband Pharaoh Akhenaten before his death.[19] She is depicted in many archaeological sites as equal in stature to a King, smiting Egypt's enemies, riding a chariot, and worshipping the Aten in the manner of a Pharaoh.[20] When Nefertiti's name disappears from historical records, it is replaced by that of a co-regent named Neferneferuaten, who became a female Pharaoh.[21] It seems likely that Nefertiti, in a similar fashion to the previous female Pharaoh Hatshepsut, assumed the kingship under the name Pharaoh Neferneferuaten after her husband's death. It is also possible that, in a similar fashion to Hatshepsut, Nefertiti disguised herself as a male and assumed the male alter-ego of Smenkhkare; in this instance she could have elevated her daughter Meritaten to the role of Great Royal Wife.
If Nefertiti did rule Egypt as Pharaoh, it has been theorized that she would have attempted damage control and may have re-instated the Ancient Egyptian religion and the Amun priests, and had Tutankhamun raised in with the traditional gods.[22]
Archaeologist and Egyptologist Dr. Zahi Hawass theorized that Nefertiti returned to Thebes from Amarna to rule as Pharaoh, based on ushabti and other feminine evidence of a female Pharaoh found in Tutankhamun's tomb, as well as evidence of Nefertiti smiting Egypt's enemies which was a duty reserved to kings.[23]
Further information: Amarna succession
Nefertiti worshipping the Aten. She is given the title of Mistress of the Two Lands. On display at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
Old theories[edit]
Fragment with cartouche of Akhenaten, which is followed by epithet Great in his Lifespan and the title of Nefertiti Great King's Wife. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
Pre-2012 Egyptological theories thought that Nefertiti vanished from the historical record around Year 12 of Akhenaten's reign, with no word of her thereafter. Explanations included a sudden death, by a plague that was sweeping through the city, or some other natural death. This theory was based on the discovery of several ushabti fragments inscribed for Nefertiti (now located in the Louvre and Brooklyn Museums).
A previous theory, that she fell into disgrace, was discredited when deliberate erasures of monuments belonging to a queen of Akhenaten were shown to refer to Kiya instead.[14]
During Akhenaten's reign (and perhaps after), Nefertiti enjoyed unprecedented power. By the twelfth year of his reign, there is evidence she may have been elevated to the status of co-regent:[24] equal in status to the pharaoh — as may be depicted on the Coregency Stela.
It is possible Nefertiti is the ruler named Neferneferuaten. Some theories believe that Nefertiti was still alive and held influence on the younger royals. If this is the case, that influence and presumably Nefertiti's own life would have ended by year 3 of Tutankhaten's reign (1331 BC). In that year, Tutankhaten changed his name to Tutankhamun. This is evidence of his return to the official worship of Amun, and abandonment of Amarna to return the capital to Thebes.[5]
New theories[edit]
In 2012, an inscription dated to Year 16, month 3 of Akhet, day 15 of the reign of Akhenaten was discovered in a limestone quarry at Dayr Abū Ḥinnis, about 10 kilometres north of Amarna.[25] It was discovered within Quarry 320 in the largest wadi.[26] The five line inscription, written in red ochre, mentions of the presence of the "Great Royal Wife, His Beloved, Mistress of the Two Lands, Neferneferuaten Nefertiti".[27][28] The final line of the inscription refers to ongoing building work being carried out under the authority of the king's scribe Penthu[28] on the Small Aten Temple in Amarna.[29] Van der Perre stresses that:[30]
This inscription offers incontrovertible evidence that both Akhenaten and Nefertiti were still alive in the 16th year of his [Akhenaten's] reign and, more importantly, that they were still holding the same positions as at the start of their reign. This makes it necessary to rethink the final years of the Amarna Period.
This means that Nefertiti was alive in the second to last year of Akhenaten's reign, (this pharaoh's highest attested reginal year was his Year 17) and demonstrates that Akhenaten still ruled alone, with his wife by his side. Therefore, the rule of the female Amarna pharaoh known as Neferneferuaten must be placed between the death of Akhenaten and the accession of Tutankhamun. This female pharaoh used the epithet 'Effective for her husband' in one of her cartouches,[31] which means she was either Nefertiti or her daughter Meritaten (who was married to king Smenkhkare).
Burial[edit]
Limestone trial piece showing head of Nefertiti. Mainly in ink, but the lips were cut out. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
Nefertiti's burial was intended to be made within the Royal Tomb as laid out in the Boundary Stelae.[32] It is possible that the unfinished annex of the Royal Tomb was intended for her use.[33] However, given that Akhenaten appears to have predeceased her it is highly unlikely she was ever buried there. One shabti is known to have been made for her.[34] The unfinished Tomb 29, which would have been of very similar dimensions to the Royal Tomb had it been finished, is the most likely candidate for a tomb begun for Nefertiti's exclusive use.[35] Given that it lacks a burial chamber, she was not interred there either.
In 2015, English archaeologist Nicholas Reeves announced that he had discovered evidence in high resolution scans of Tutankhamun's tomb "indications of two previously unknown doorways, one set within a larger partition wall and both seemingly untouched since antiquity ... To the north [there] appears to be signaled a continuation of tomb KV62, and within these uncharted depths an earlier royal interment – that of Nefertiti herself."[36] Radar scans conducted in November 2015 by Japanese radar expert Hirokatsu Watanabe seemed to confirm Reeves' theory that there were likely voids behind the northern and westerns walls of Tutankhamun's burial chamber.[37] A second radar scan could not replicate Watanabe's results. A third radar scan has eliminated the possibility that there are any hidden chambers.[38] The positive findings of the first GPR scan were likely a result of 'ghost' reflections of the signal from the walls.[39]
In 1898, French archeologist Victor Loret found two female mummies among those cached inside the tomb of Amenhotep II in KV35 in the Valley of the Kings. These two mummies, known as the 'The Elder Lady' and 'The Younger Lady', were identified as likely candidates of her remains.
An article in KMT magazine in 2001 suggested that the Elder Lady may be Nefertiti's body.[40] It was argued that the evidence suggests that the mummy is around her mid-thirties or early forties, Nefertiti's guessed age of death. More evidence to support this identification was that the mummy's teeth look like that of a 29- to 38-year-old, Nefertiti's most likely age of death. Also, unfinished busts of Nefertiti appear to resemble the mummy's face, though other suggestions included Ankhesenamun.
However, it eventually became apparent that the 'Elder Lady' is in fact Queen Tiye, mother of Akhenaten. A lock of hair found in a coffinette bearing an inscription naming Queen Tiye proved a near perfect match to the hair of the 'ELder Lady'.[41] DNA analysis has revealed that she was the daughter of Yuya and Thuya, who were the parents of Queen Tiye, thus ruling her out as Nefertiti.[42]
"The Younger Lady"[edit]
Main article: The Younger Lady
On June 9, 2003, archaeologist Joann Fletcher, a specialist in ancient hair from the University of York in England, announced that Nefertiti's mummy may have been the Younger Lady. Fletcher suggested that Nefertiti was the Pharaoh Smenkhkare. Some Egyptologists hold to this view though the majority believe Smenkhkare to have been a separate person. Fletcher led an expedition funded by the Discovery Channel to examine what they believed to have been Nefertiti's mummy. However, an independent researcher, Marianne Luban, had previously suggested that the KV35 Younger Lady could be Nefertiti in an online article, "Do We Have the Mummy of Nefertiti?" published in 1999.[43]
The team claimed that the mummy they examined was damaged in a way suggesting the body had been deliberately desecrated in antiquity. Mummification techniques, such as the use of embalming fluid and the presence of an intact brain, suggested an eighteenth-dynasty royal mummy. Other elements which the team used to support their theory were the age of the body, the presence of embedded nefer beads, and a wig of a rare style worn by Nefertiti. They further claimed that the mummy's arm was originally bent in the position reserved for pharaohs, but was later snapped off and replaced with another arm in a normal position.
Most Egyptologists, among them Kent Weeks and Peter Lacovara, generally dismiss Fletcher's claims as unsubstantiated. They say that ancient mummies are almost impossible to identify as a particular person without DNA. As bodies of Nefertiti's parents or children have never been identified, her conclusive identification is impossible. Any circumstantial evidence, such as hairstyle and arm position, is not reliable enough to pinpoint a single, specific historical person. The cause of damage to the mummy can only be speculated upon, and the alleged revenge is an unsubstantiated theory. Bent arms, contrary to Fletcher's claims, were not reserved to pharaohs; this was also used for other members of the royal family. The wig found near the mummy is of unknown origin, and cannot be conclusively linked to that specific body. Finally, the 18th dynasty was one of the largest and most prosperous dynasties of ancient Egypt. A female royal mummy could be any of a hundred royal wives or daughters from the 18th dynasty's more than 200 years on the throne.
In addition to that, there was controversy about both the age and sex of the mummy. On June 12, 2003, Egyptian archaeologist Dr. Zahi Hawass, head of Egypt's Supreme Council for Antiquities, also dismissed the claim, citing insufficient evidence. On August 30, 2003, Reuters further quoted Hawass: "I'm sure that this mummy is not a female", and "Dr Fletcher has broken the rules and therefore, at least until we have reviewed the situation with her university, she must be banned from working in Egypt."[44] On different occasions, Hawass has claimed that the mummy is female and male.[45]
In a more recent research effort led by Hawass, the mummy was put through CT scan analysis and DNA analysis. Researchers concluded that she is Tutankhamun's biological mother, an unnamed daughter of Amenhotep III and Tiye, not Nefertiti.[46] Fragments of shattered bone were found in the sinus. The theory that the damage to the left side of the face was inflicted post-mummification was rejected as undamaged embalming packs were placed over top of the affected area.[47] The broken-off bent forearm found near the mummy, which had been proposed to have belonged to it, was conclusively shown not to actually belong to the Younger Lady.[48]
Hittite letters[edit]
A document was found in the ancient Hittite capital of Hattusa which dates to the Amarna period; the so-called "Deeds" of Suppiluliuma I. The Hittite ruler receives a letter from the Egyptian queen, while being in siege on Karkemish. The letter reads:[49]
My husband has died and I have no son. They say about you that you have many sons. You might give me one of your sons to become my husband. I would not wish to take one of my subjects as a husband... I am afraid.
This proposal is considered extraordinary as New Kingdom royal women never married foreign royalty.[50] Suppiluliuma I was understandably surprised and exclaimed to his courtiers:[51]
Nothing like this has happened to me in my entire life!
Understandably, he was wary, and had an envoy investigate the situation, but by so doing, he missed his chance to bring Egypt into his empire. He eventually did send one of his sons, Zannanza, but the prince died, perhaps murdered, en route.[52]
The identity of the queen who wrote the letter is uncertain. She is called Dakhamunzu in the Hittite annals, a possible translation of the Egyptian title Tahemetnesu (The King's Wife).[53] The possible candidates are Nefertiti, Meritaten,[54] and Ankhesenamun. Ankhesenamun once seemed likely since there were no candidates for the throne on the death of her husband, Tutankhamun, whereas Akhenaten had at least two legitimate successors.[49] but this was based on a 27-year reign for the last 18th dynasty pharaoh Horemheb who is now accepted to have had a shorter reign of only 14 years. This makes the deceased Egyptian king appear to be Akhenaten instead rather than Tutankhamun. Furthermore, the phrase regarding marriage to 'one of my subjects' (translated by some as 'servants') is possibly either a reference to the Grand Vizier Ay or a secondary member of the Egyptian royal family line. Since Nefertiti was depicted as being as powerful as her husband in official monuments smiting Egypt's enemies, she might be the Dakhamunzu in the Amarna correspondence as Nicholas Reeves believes.[55]
In the arts[edit]
This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, using references to reliable sources, rather than simply listing appearances. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2017)
Portrait study of Nefertiti
Bust of Nefertiti in the flag of the Minya Governorate, Egypt
In The Egyptian (1954), Nefertiti is played by Anitra Stevens.
In Nefertiti, Queen of the Nile (1961), Nefertiti is played by Jeanne Crain.
In Nefertiti, figlia del sole (1994), Nefertiti is played by Michela Rocco di Torrepadula.
In musical mini-film Remember the Time (1992), Nefertiti is played by Iman.
Video Games[edit]
In Assassins Creed Origins, Nefertiti features as an enemy in "The Curse of the Pharaohs" DLC who must be defeated so that she may finally rest in peace, her curse on the city of Thebes being removed[56][57].
Literature[edit]
(Alphabetical by author's last name)
A God Against the Gods (1976) and Return to Thebes (1977) by Allen Drury chronicle the story of Akhenaten and Nefertiti.
In Akhenaten, Dweller in Truth (1985) by Naguib Mahfouz, Nefertiti is one of the characters who reflects on Akhenaten and the Amarna period.
Nefertiti: A Novel (2008), by Michelle Moran
The fourth section of James Rollins' sixth Sigma Force novel, The Doomsday Key (2009), is titled The Dark Madonna, and throughout the book the characters piece together Egyptian, pagan, and Christian myths, theology, and facts to find the Doomsday Key and Saint Malachy's original and complete book of Doomsday Prophecies. They ultimately find the key in a canopic jar, held by a preserved body in a glass casket bearing the inscription: "Here lies Meritaten, daughter of King Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti. She who crossed the seas and brought the sun god Ra to these cold lands".[58]
The Egyptian (1945) is an historical novel by Mika Waltari.
Nefertiti, the Beautiful One Has Come (1962), a live album by American jazz pianist Cecil Taylor.
Nefertiti (1967), a studio album by American jazz trumpeter Miles Davis.
Nefertiti (1976), a studio album by American jazz pianist Andrew Hill.
Nefertiti (2014), a classical ballet by American composer John Craton.
African Queens (Ritchie Family, 1978 disco album): Nefertiti is mentioned as part of a concept album regarding three famous African queens: Nefertiti, Cleopatra and the Queen of Sheba. Each Queen gets her own story verse in the course 18 minute medley.
The song "Q.U.E.E.N." by Janelle Monáe from her album The Electric Lady (2013) mentions Nefertiti. The lyric is "My crown too heavy like the Queen Nefertiti".
Rihanna paid homage to Nefertiti on the cover of Vogue Arabia in November 2018.[59]
On both weekends of Coachella 2018, Beyoncé referenced Nefertiti in her opening outfits, as well as Egyptian culture throughout the performance.[60]
In Prophet Joseph (2008), Nefertiti is played by Leila Boloukat
In Doctor Who, "Dinosaurs on a Spaceship" (2012), Nefertiti is played by Riann Steele
In The Loretta Young Show, "Queen Nefertiti" (6 Jan. 1957, alternate title "Letter to Loretta"), Nefertiti is played by Loretta Young
In "City of the Dead" in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, Nefertiti is played by Gabriella Larkin.[61]
Headless bust of Akhenaten or Nefertiti. Part of a composite red quartzite statue. Intentional damage. Four pairs of early Aten cartouches. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
Limestone statuette of Akhenaten and Nefertiti, or Amenhotep III and Tiye,[62] and a princess. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
Limestone relief fragment. A princess holding sistrum behind Nefertiti, who is partially seen. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
Siliceous limestone fragment relief of Nefertiti. Extreme style of portrait. Reign of Akhenaten, probably early Amarna Period. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
Granite head statue of Nefertiti. The securing post at head apex allows for different hairstyles to adorn the head. Altes Museum, Berlin.
Head statue of Nefertiti, Altes Museum, Berlin.
Akhenaten, Nefertiti and their daughters before the Aten. Stela of Akhenaten and his family, Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
Nefertiti offering oil to the Aten. Brooklyn Museum.
Talatat showing Nefertiti worshipping the Aten. Altes Museum.
Relief fragment with Nefertiti, Brooklyn Museum.
Akhenaten and Nefertiti. Louvre Museum, Paris.
Nefertiti presenting an image of the goddess Maat to the Aten. Brooklyn Museum.
Talatat representing Nefertiti and Akhenaten worshipping the Aten. Royal Ontario Museum.
Boundary stele of Amarna with Nefertiti and her daughter, princess Meketaten, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art.
Limestone relief of Nefertiti kissing one of her daughters, Brooklyn Museum.
Talatat with an aged Nefertiti, Brooklyn Museum.
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^ Van der Perre, Athena (2012). Seyfried, Friederike (ed.). In the Light of Amarna : 100 Years of the Nefertiti discovery. Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-3-86568-848-4.
^ Van der Perre, Athena (18 August 2014). "The Year 16 graffito of Akhenaten in Dayr Abū Ḥinnis. A Contribution to the Study of the Later Years of Nefertiti". Journal of Egyptian History. 7 (1): 68. doi:10.1163/18741665-12340014.
^ Van der Perre, Athena (2012). Seyfried, Friederike (ed.). In the Light of Amarna : 100 Years of the Nefertiti discovery. Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. p. 197. ISBN 978-3-86568-848-4.
^ a b Van der Perre, Athena (18 August 2014). "The Year 16 graffito of Akhenaten in Dayr Abū Ḥinnis. A Contribution to the Study of the Later Years of Nefertiti". Journal of Egyptian History. 7 (1): 73. doi:10.1163/18741665-12340014.
^ Marc Gabolde, "Under a Deep Blue Starry Sky", in P. Brand (ed.), Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane, pp. 17–21
^ Murnane, William J. (1995). Texts from the Amarna period in Egypt. United States of America: Scholars Press. p. 78. ISBN 1-55540-966-0.
^ Dodson, Aidan (2018). Amarna sunset : Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian counter-reformation (Revised ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-977-416-859-8.
^ Kemp, Barry (2014). The city of Akhenaten and Nefertiti : Amarna and its people (Paperback ed.). New York: Thames & Hudson. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-500-29120-7.
^ Kemp, Barry. The Amarna Royal Tombs at Amarna (PDF). p. 6. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
^ "Archaeologist believes hidden passageway in tomb of Tutankhamun leads to resting place of Nefertiti" Archived 2015-11-18 at the Wayback Machine. Yahoo.com. Retrieved November 29, 2015
^ "Radar Scans in King Tut's Tomb Suggest Hidden Chambers". National Geographic News. 28 November 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
^ Sambuelli, Luigi; Comina, Cesare; Catanzariti, Gianluca; Barsuglia, Filippo; Morelli, Gianfranco; Porcelli, Francesco (May 2019). "The third KV62 radar scan: Searching for hidden chambers adjacent to Tutankhamun's tomb". Journal of Cultural Heritage: 8. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2019.04.001.
^ Susan E. James, "Who is the mummy The Elder Lady?" KMT, v.12 no.2 (Summer, 2001)
^ Harris, James E.; Wente, Edward F.; Cox, Charles F.; El Nawaway, Ibrahim; Kowalski, Charles J.; Storey, Arthur T.; Russell, William R.; Ponitz, Paul V.; Walker, Geoffrey F. (1978). "Mummy of the "Elder Lady" in the Tomb of Amenhotep II: Egyptian Museum Catalog Number 61070". Science. 200 (4346): 1151. Bibcode:1978Sci...200.1149H. doi:10.1126/science.349693. JSTOR 1746491.
^ Hawass, Zahi et al. "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family". The Journal of the American Medical Association p.640–641
^ Luban, Marianne (1999). "Do We Have the Mummy of Nefertiti?". Retrieved 16 February 2019.
^ "Weekly Column - Dr. Zahi Hawass". 27 September 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2016. CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
^ "The Times & The Sunday Times". Timesonline.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
^ Hawas, Zahi; Saleem, Sahar N. (2016). Scanning the Pharaohs: CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies. New York: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-977-416-673-0.
^ Hawass, Zahi; Saleem, Sahar N. (2016). Scanning the Pharaohs: CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies. New York: American University in Cairo Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-977-416-673-0.
^ Hawass, Zahi; Saleem, Sahar N. (2016). Scanning the Pharaohs: CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies. New York: American University in Cairo Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-977-416-673-0.
^ a b Manley, Suzie. "Ankhesenamun - Queen of Tutankhamun and Daughter of Akhenaten". Egypt * Pyramids * History.
^ Schulman, Alan R. (1979). "Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 38 (3): 179–180. JSTOR 544713.
^ Güterbock, Hans Gustav (1956). "The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son, Mursili II". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 10 (2): 41–68. doi:10.2307/1359041. JSTOR 1359041.
^ Amelie Kuhrt (1997). The Ancient Middle East c. 3000 – 330 BC. 1. London: Routledge. p. 254.
^ William McMurray. "Towards an Absolute Chronology for Ancient Egypt" (PDF). p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-09-30.
^ Grajetzki, Wolfram (2000). Ancient Egyptian Queens; a hieroglyphic dictionary. London: Golden House. p. 64.
^ Nicholas Reeves,Tutankhamun's Mask Reconsidered BES 19 (2014), pp.523
^ "Assassin's Creed Origins: The Curse of the Pharaohs DLC Review". 2018-03-13.
^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMO3kRwlqq0
^ Rollins, James (2009). The Doomsday Prophecy. p. Chapter 31.
^ Fabien, Bièvre-Perrin (2017). "Rihanna and the Antique: from Nefertiti to Medusa". Antiquipop. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
^ Fabien, Bièvre-Perrin (2018). "Ancient Egypt summoned to Coachella by Beyoncé: why Tutankhamun and Nefertiti?". Antiquipop. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
^ "Gabriella Larkin". IMDb.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
^ Johnson, W. Raymond (1996). "Amenhotep III and Amarna: Some New Considerations". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 82: 76. JSTOR 3822115.
Works cited[edit]
Dodson, Aidan (2016) [1st pub. 2014]. Amarna Sunrise. Egypt from Golden Age to Age of Heresy. Cairo; New York City: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 9781617975608.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nefertiti.
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin: Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection
C. Nicholas Reeves: The Burial of Nefertiti?
Habicht M. et al: Who else might be in Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb (KV 62, c. 1325 BC)?
A 3D model of a bust of Nefertiti
Amarna Period
Smenkhkare
Neferneferuaten
Tiye
"The Younger Lady"
Tey
Meritaten Tasherit
Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit
Mutbenret
Aperel
Huya
Meryre II
Nakhtpaaten
Panehesy
Parennefer
Penthu
Akhetaten
Amarna Tombs
Amarna letters
Amarna succession
Atenism
Dakhamunzu
Amarna Art Style
GND: 11858846X
SNAC: w6sw0216
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&oldid=904505845"
14th century BC in Egypt
14th-century BC women
Queens consort of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Articles with trivia sections from October 2017
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown


text:
Perrott's Folly, , also known as The Monument, or The Observatory, is a 29-metre (96-foot) tall tower, built in 1758. It is a Grade II* listed building in the Edgbaston area of Birmingham, United Kingdom.

History
Built in the open Rotton Park by John Perrott in 1758, who lived in Belbroughton, the tower now stands high above the local residential and business housing.

There are many stories to explain why the tower was built. One is that John Perrott wanted to be able to survey his land and perhaps entertain guests. Or the tower might have been used to spot animals for hunting. Or that he built the tower so that he could see his wife's grave,  away.

From 1884 to 1979 the tower was used as a weather recording station for the Birmingham and Midland Institute. In 1966 the Geography Department of the University of Birmingham took over the running of the observatory until operations were transferred to the main campus.

It has been suggested,  but not proven, that the towers of Perrott's Folly and Edgbaston Waterworks may have influenced references to towers in the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien, who lived nearby as a child.

Prospects
The Perrott's Folly Company was formed in 1984 to renovate the tower and make it accessible to the public. The company obtained grants from English Heritage and Birmingham City Council to secure the building.

In the summer of 2005 the Perrott's Folly Company, in partnership with Birmingham Conservation Trust, completed work to stabilise the structure. However, money still has to be found to complete repairs to some of the key features. In April 2008 the tower was temporarily opened to the public, housing an art exhibition in co-operation with the Ikon Gallery. It was opened again in May 2008 as part of a weekend of celebrations of the life of J. R. R. Tolkien. The Perrott's Folly Company was formally closed in August 2009. The tower was managed by Trident Housing Association between 2005 and 2017 and is now managed by Re.Future Collective, a Birmingham based Arts and Architecture Collective.

References

Sources
 A Guide to the Buildings of Birmingham, Peter Leather,

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20180109181043/http://www.follyproject.org/

Folly towers in England
Buildings and structures in Birmingham, West Midlands
Grade II* listed buildings in the West Midlands (county)
J. R. R. Tolkien
Edgbaston
Towers in the West Midlands (county)
Towers completed in 1758

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SustainableWork: Congratulations Dr. Tim Lindsey and Caterpillar!
Amazing. Two friends from two completely different parts of my business life just joined forces.
In my recent business, we built oil and fluid recycling systems for industrial manufacturing plants around the globe. Among our best customers was Caterpillar. My wife's family also ran a manufacturing business that supplied Caterpillar for decades.
It's been great fun and a great learning experience to get to know my friend Dr. Tim Lindsey through our shared love of economic development via food and agriculture. Tim's recent work at the University of Illinois was done at a size and scale and quality that can transform the globe.
I believe he just got the chance. Tim has just joined Caterpillar as their Global Director of Sustainable Development.
"Lead Caterpillar's efforts to build a culture of sustainable development in all internal business units as well as with suppliers and customers. Team with Caterpillar business units and divisions to expand existing markets through strategies that improve system sustainability. Identify and create breakthrough opportunities for sustainable development that are not currently established."
I was on a panel with Tim at a recent conference in Chicago earlier this month.
I had the fun chance to tell the audience that the trouble with the placement of my presentation was that I was the only thing that stood between them and the amazing Dr. Tim Lindsey.
Congratulations Tim. Congratulations Caterpillar. It's a great honor to know you both. Rock it!
I was looking for a different Dr. Tim but then again, I got intrigued by the guy you mentioned here and after going through your blog, I didn't mind spending a few minutes knowing their story. Great writing!


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SOLUTION BOOK is a simple and basic guide intended to help any modeler to easily achieve similar results to those shown in every example. It doesn´t matter if you are a novice or a more seasoned and experienced modeler, by following the steps in this guide you will be able to obtain amazing results with very little effort. These steps have been tested on numerous models to great effect. In addition to this, the SOLUTION BOOK´s new design will allow you to follow each step in a very easy and intuitive manner without text by using a simple icon-based code that clearly shows what is to be done at each step. For example, a small clock indicates the required drying time. In this way, every modeler will easily comprehend the different processes used to create a nice scale representation of the most popular subjects in our hobby.
If you are an experienced modeler, this book will best serve you as a guide to the products required for your model as well as a quick reference of the correct order to follow during the painting and weathering process without having to question what the appropriate colours are for each effect or the best medium for each technique is.
Although this guide is intended as a standard solution for the most common problems, you can always improvise and change the order of steps or colours used, as well as add emphasis to any effect to better suit your intended goal. Here you are presented with a convenient base to begin working from and achieve quality results in very little time. We also intend for this title to serve as a springboard for you to improve along with over time to reach the next level, as well as discover and implement new tricks along the way.
US military vehicles are one of the more interesting and attractive WWII subjects for lots of modelers. American armor and soft-skinned vehicles offer almost infinite possibilities with a range of models, versions, and settings from all over the world to be depicted in scale. Europe was arguably the most extensive theater of the war, it was here that a huge range of all types of equipment were put into service including artillery pieces, trucks, halftracks, tanks, and auxiliary vehicles such as bulldozers and cranes. With this guide, you can paint any olive drab-colored vehicle that operated in Europe. Although we have chosen an M4 Sherman tank as an example for this step-by-step guide, the same processes can be applied in exactly the same sequence and methods to any other US vehicle including trucks, jeeps, halftracks, or a tank or self-propelled gun. Now you just have to grab your favorite model and start painting without further delay!
Keep in mind that all US vehicles in Europe were exposed to the same weather conditions, although some to a greater extent than others. You simply have to adjust the intensity of the weathering effects (mud, dust, dirt, oil and grease, chipping, etc.) to your subject and setting and then simply follow this easy to use guide. All the products shown are rather basic and the most adequate to recreate the effects shown. If you maintain the order of application and drying times stipulated, you will be rewarded with great results. Now buckle up and enjoy the experience of being guided by the hand of a master modeler!


Just two years ago, I wouldn't have imagined working for myself. I was completely focused on how to resume my career on some kind of scale that would allow me to still be around for my kids.
My entire thought process was centred on how I could make the system change to meet my needs. The whole work-for-myself gig was a secondary thought. An in-the-meantime thing. Something I dabbled in while I was still thinking of other opportunities.
I never really committed to the business idea. Too many doubts and not enough focus.
A couple of years of trial, error, failure, stops, starts, perseverance, doubt-busting, massive learning, and a large dose of clarity later and I've come to realise there's no better place to be than right where I am (which happens to be sitting in my car in the school car park, punching out some blog posts with the lap top … in my lap … because I had to be at school in the middle of the day and there was no point going home and coming back again. Flexibility in the workplace at its finest).
// In amongst all of that learning, I finally pieced the puzzle together.
There is no better time than right now for women to be in business for themselves.
We are at a perfect time in history to be able to work for ourselves, from home, and create a life of freedom, flexibility and finances.
// The internet has made anything possible when it comes to creating a presence and income from home and in flexible hours.
The internet has given everybody with access to it, the ability to search for the information and support they need. They're out there googling their problems, looking for answers, shopping and downloading, all in order to live a better life in some way.
People are now used to doing business online, so the market is there.
Women are also natural-born communicators. They love to connect, dissect, discuss. The web is MADE for them. Right time, right mode of transport.
For women who want to use their expertise in a way that also allows them to be a present parent – and when the corporate world isn't accommodating them with flexibility they need or want – for those women motivated, committed and enthusiastic enough to try, the online world can be their golden egg.
At this year's Problogger event, there were around 700 attendees. About 15 were men. Not exaggerating here. There was definitely a hormone imbalance going on.
Hundreds of women of varying ages were giddy with excitement, learning and talking about their blogging and business opportunities. The few men there were no doubt also giddy with excitement, but perhaps for other reasons.
// I saw this flood of females at Problogger as further evidence of a theory I'd had for a while: that blogging and online business has opened up a world of opportunity for women that they have been lacking.
Women are still the minority when it comes to being in business – but there is a shift underway, and the internet is pushing it along.
New data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics show that there is definitely a trend of increasing numbers of women starting small businesses, and almost half of them were mothers of dependent children (described in this article as mumpreneurs looking for greater flexibility to be with their kids).
Added to this is the continuing rise and rise of technology and communication channels shaping the way people do business and work. It's only making it easier to work remotely or do your own thing.
As nurturers, carers and humans who sometimes struggle to assert themselves in a career or work sense, online blogs and businesses give women the opportunity to communicate and create in a more passive or comfortable way.
That's not to say it's easy or they don't struggle with it – self-doubt is a killer online as well as in real life when it comes to promoting yourself and your message.
// But there are literally no boundaries when it comes to building an online presence and business, even if the entrepreneur or blogger is an introvert or unsure of herself.
The online space gives women the chance to share their voice when once they would have been silent.
It gives them a chance to showcase their expertise where once they would not have had the opportunity.
Or even if those issues were not relevant – the online space gives them the opportunity to work for themselves during hours that work for them and their family.
// It's a life-changing, world-changing shift we're seeing right now.
This work option won't, and doesn't, suit everyone. There are definitely advantages to working for someone else and going into the office or workplace. But there is now an alternative that didn't exist just a few years ago.
research … look at what others in your industry do online. Take note of the bits you like, the bits you don't. Then promptly stop following them and focus on your own stuff.
ask questions of those who have gone before you.
decide early whether you will be a blogger or be in business – the two are different.
look at how you can make money – services, products etc so that you might have some confidence about what you will work towards.
determine who you want to work with – what problems will you help them solve? It's a big space out there, it helps to know who you want to connect with.
think about what you want to be known for – a particular area or issue that you really want to make an impact in, and then create your business plan around that.
consider working with a coach – a good one – to help you get going.
start before you're ready. Start now. You will learn far more as you go than by trying to figure it all out beforehand.
understand you will make mistakes, and that is a good thing. It's how you work out what you need to do to succeed.
blog. Share your message. It will take time to build a following, so the sooner you start the better.
understand this is not easy. If it was, everyone would do it. But it doesn't have to be impossible either.
The old rules no longer apply if you're game enough to break them!
What advice or tips would you add to the list? Please leave a comment, I'd love to hear your thoughts.
I love those tips! I am just getting started in business, and I am currently learning a myriad of lessons, like starting small, but starting now!
Thanks Tanya, and good for you!
Starting small is pretty much what everyone does – a great strategy 🙂 It's by far the biggest learning curve I've ever been on!


People to call to catch a snake You never need to feel like you have to handle a snake situation on your own. Snakes can be dangerous even if they aren't venomous. A snake bite can lead to serious secondary infection, and the most common way people get bit is from trying to kill or handle a snake. If you have a snake in your home or on your property that needs to be removed, do not hesitate to call in a professional. There are a number of resources to locate someone in your area. The Internet has national directories, and if you really needed to, you could call your local police station and they could refer you to an expert. Many cities and towns where venomous snakes are common have special wildlife units that can handle nuisance issues. Smaller towns will need to find a private contractor to take care of the issue. When the professional arrives, he or she will assess your situation. Not only will they make recommendations about removing the snake, they will make recommendations on how to prevent snakes from being a constant issue in your yard. Hiring a professional is always a good idea, especially if you can't tell if the snake is venomous or not.
How to get rid of snakes from your property It is not difficult to get rid of snakes on your property, in the water or in your yard. All it takes is a dedication to property management and knowledge of snake behavior. The best way to get rid of snakes is to make sure they don't want to be around your house in the first place. Snakes will look for places where food and shelter are abundant. Look around your home and property for things that will encourage snakes to stay. First, keep your vegetation to a minimum, especially near your home. This does not mean just wedding your garden. Snakes love long grass. Leaving your yard un-mowed for too long will result in overpopulation of snakes and other critters. If your grass is too long, snakes can slither their way into your gardens. Now, not only will you have to manage your overgrown yard, you have to keep your garden free of groundcover and thick plants. A lot of vegetation is not the only factor that will draw snakes into your yard. Too much debris, like run-down sheds and wood piles, will provide snakes with excellent places to den. Not only are debris piles problematic, common yard structures, like patio rocks and stone walls will also be ideal places for snakes to live.
Removing snakes Removing snakes by hand is not a difficult task under normal circumstances. Nonvenomous snakes can be handled while wearing gloves or by using a snake hook. You can easily craft a snake hook by bending the end of a long pole. Remember to round the edges; you do not want to hurt the snake. Because serpents do all sorts of good things for the environment, safe capture and relocation is always ideal. Removing snakes means removing the things in your yard they like. Standing water draws in snakes. If you can do without the decorative ponds it will be in your best interests. Not only does standing water provide something for a snake to drink, it will be a constant food source of insects and amphibians. Tall grass is also a no-no. Homes with short lawns have fewer snake sighting than homes with taller grass. This should not be surprising. Snakes want to be cool in the heat of the day. They also want to be hidden from predators and prey. Your grass does not have to be very tall to hide a snake. If a snake can maneuver through your yard without much resistance, it can access the areas closer to your home. Snakes that are living in gardens or under patios can be trapped using a snake glue trap. A glue trap will hold the animal in place until it can be released in a new location. See more Florida snake photos.
How to get rid of snakes under a house When snakes are under a house or building, getting rid of them becomes much more difficult. The best way to catch a snake, short of hiring a professional to do the job for you, would be to purchase some snake traps and set them up in the area where the snakes are usually seen. If you can pinpoint the den hole, that will be the location for your traps. Because we don't want to kill snakes, glue traps are one of the most effective ways to remove the animals from a property. The snake will be drawn into the box after the scent lures on the inside. Once inside, the serpent will become fixed to the glue pad. This glue will keep the snake inside the box until you are able to relocate it. Do not leave glue traps unattended for days. If a snake is trapped inside, you will want to release that animal as soon as possible. Spray some cooking oil on the glue pad and wait for the snake to work itself free. The animal will be completely unharmed during the process. When all of the snakes have been trapped, make sure you fill in any areas around the home that could let snakes inside.


text:
Language: ITAENGCHI
MEILIN BUSINESS CONSULTING Co. Ltd
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Changsha Luvalley High Tech Zone
Changsha National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, situated in the west urban district of Changsha city, was founded in 1988, and it became one of China's earliest national-level high-tech industry development Zones through the State Council's approval in 1991.
Approved by the Ministry of Science & Technology in 2009, it became a national innovative technology pilot zone and has now more than 6000 enterprises in its territory. Strategically situated in the centre of China, in Hunan Province, at the hearth of a transportation network that allows to reach in less than two hours the major destinations of the country. It takes its inspiration from the criteria of the "two-oriented society" (resources-saving and environment-friendly), the CSHTZ achieved a total technological, industrial and commercial income of RMB150 billion Yuan and it comprises more than 800 high-tech enterprises of which nearly 200 are foreign-invested and 32 are international joint ventures.
Link: http://english.cshtz.gov.cn/
Hunan Province CCPIT
The CCPIT- China Council for the Promotion of International Trade is the organization responsible for the promotion of international trade of companies and enterprises located in Hunan Province.
It is in charge of the organization of exhibitions in China and abroad, business matching between foreign and chine companies, exchange programs, training activities. CCPIT offers customized research of business partners and business opportunities assessment, operating as a fundamental link between the entrepreneurs and Chinese government institutions.
Link: www.hnccpit.org
Guangdong Association for Cooperation and Exchanges of Private Enterprises
Guangdong Association for Cooperation and Exchanges of Private Enterprises is an association specialized in the promotion of international trade and in the development of bilateral economic relationships by creating business opportunities for companies located in the Guangdong Province.
To this purpose the association organizes fairs and events and now registers more than 6000 affiliates.
Link: www.gdmqh.org
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Highland is a multigenerational community of multiplying disciples who serve towards the renewal of our city, plant churches, and take the gospel to the world. We exist to multiply disciples who are committed to serving Christ through His church.
We invite you to begin the process of becoming a member of Highland by filling out the form below. If you have questions about the membership process please email: chris.underwood@highlandbaptist.com.


Established in 1931, the Gemological Institute of Amcerica (GIA) is the world's foremost authority on diamonds, colored stones, and pearls. A public benefit, nonprofit institute, GIA is the leading source of knowledge, standards, and education in gems and jewelry.
Students around the globe turn to GIA for the knowledge, skills, and credentials that launch successful gem and jewelry careers.
The world leader in gemological research, GIA's breakthrough discoveries deepen our understanding of gemstones and the world.
Through research, education, and unbiased gem grading and analysis, GIA strives to protect the gem and jewelry buying public by setting global quality standards.
Nancy is a GIA Diamonds Graduate and lacks only one practical examination to be awarded the Graduate Gemologist title - the highest level of expertise in the jewelry industry. She has recently kept her skills current by completing GIA sponsored courses in Rubies, Sapphires and Emeralds; Pearl Grading and distinguishing synthetic diamonds.
Linda and Craig have completed the GIA Accredited Jewelry Professional course.
We do our best to take advantage of GIA courses and programs in order to keep our expertise at the highest level. We also regularly send diamonds and gemstones to GIA for grading assistance to make sure that the gemstones are graded properly.
© 2019 Gemstone Creations. All Rights Reserved.


and along a scraping mountain's edges.
that scaffold and cross invisible air.
Thanks for making this website such an awesome space for creative expression, Folded Word!
Thanks so much for sharing your words with us!


text:
Atrocity Alert is a weekly publication by the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect highlighting and updating situations where populations are at risk of, or are enduring, mass atrocity crimes.
On 18 August the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) published a new report: "A call for accountability and protection: Yazidi survivors of atrocities committed by ISIL." The report concluded that the atrocities perpetrated by the so-called Islamic State "have been committed in a systematic and widespread manner, targeting and seeking to destroy the Yazidi group, in whole or in part." OHCHR and UNAMI provided practical recommendations to the government of Iraq and the international community regarding accountability options, including calling on Iraq to accede to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
Populations at Risk: Iraq
Wathiq Khuzaie / IRIN Photos
Global Centre Statement Marking the Second Anniversary of the Genocide Against the Yazidi
Populations at Risk: Syria
Populations in Aleppo continue to endure indiscriminate aerial bombardments despite repeated calls by UN officials for all parties to agree to 48-hour humanitarian pauses to ensure safe, unimpeded access to all parts of Aleppo. During a 22 August UN Security Council meeting on the situation, several Council members expressed alarm at reports of the Syrian government and Russia using incendiary weapons in civilian areas while UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Stephen O'Brien condemned the use of "double tap" attacks that put humanitarian workers at grave threat while attempting to rescue civilians. Referring to Aleppo as an "apex of horror," Under-Secretary-General O'Brien asserted that the UN is prepared to send 50 trucks of assistance from western Aleppo into eastern Aleppo, as well as 20 additional trucks through cross-border operations, if they receive the necessary security assurances of a comprehensive pause in hostilities.
On 23 August the office of State Counselor Aung San Suu Kyi issued a press release announcing the establishment of an Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, chaired by former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. The nine-member Advisory Commission will initiate a dialogue with national and international stakeholders, including political and community leaders in Rakhine, to find "lasting solutions to the complex and delicate issues in the Rakhine State." The new National League for Democracy government in Burma/Myanmar has faced increasing pressure to address discriminatory state policies and systematic persecution of the Rohinyga minority, more than 120,000 of whom remain segregated in internal displacement camps in Rakhine State. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has reported on widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya population that amount to crimes against humanity. The newly-formed Advisory Commission is expected to focus its investigation and recommendations on "humanitarian and development issues, access to basic services, the assurance of basic rights and the security of the people of Rakhine."
Steve Gumaer
UN Photo/Mark Garten
Populations at Risk: Burma/Myanmar
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Posts by newspuppy
80 publicly visible posts • joined 1 Nov 2012
Any iPad is foldable if you try hard enough but Apple guru says a hinged one is coming
Wednesday 1st February 2023 05:47 GMT newspuppy
Folding devices are trivial to make......
It is the ability to UNFOLD them and have them be USEFUL that is not trivial.. and quite tricky...
FTX collapse prompts other cryptocurrency firms to suspend withdrawals
Tuesday 15th November 2022 18:58 GMT newspuppy
Re: Cryptocurrency industry?
Nothing is created by this industry?
What about the waste of resources, hope, and pollution...?
And the "mad midget" (mental 'elf) of the 'investors'?
If it was nothing... it would be better then the something that is left in its wake.. :(
AWS buys 100+ diesel generators... and that's just for Irish datacenters
Thursday 27th October 2022 05:46 GMT newspuppy
Re: Wind power
your comment just shows the difference between an engineer promoted into running a company and a marketing guy promoted into running a company,,,,
Solid Engineering is a great foundation for a real business. Unfortunately great marketing manages to triumph over solid engineering.....
Many years ago, it was told to me that IBM stood for "incredibly better marketing". We still see that today... :(
Few appreciate good engineering.... as when the engineering is good.. no one cares, as the job is done..
Bloke robbed of $800,000 in cryptocurrency by fake wallet app wants payback from Google
Friday 5th August 2022 20:37 GMT newspuppy
Sure fire way to make money...
Be a lawyer.
Crypto Crapto or Klepto... USD or GBP.. be a lawyer... you get paid regardless of which side you are on... :(
LockBit ransomware gang claims it ransacked Italy's tax agency
Tuesday 26th July 2022 12:28 GMT newspuppy
Is this really a DISASTER?
I have heard routine reports that people submit such false information to the Italian tax police.. that the tax police can simply recreate the data by using a random number generator to generate minimum amounts of income for payment of tax...
Do the audits of course.. randomly, and nothing will have changed...
Or am I just brainwashed by stories.....?
Inverse Finance stung for $1.2 million via flash loan attack
Monday 20th June 2022 12:44 GMT newspuppy
Re: Programming for smart contract execution... What could go wrong?
I think that there are some younger programmers that are idealistic.. and think that crypto currencies can solve all the problems and ills that exist in the world...
Not all are scammers and con artists.....
Sunday 19th June 2022 18:52 GMT newspuppy
Thanks for the clarification on a bit error.
Saturday 18th June 2022 16:27 GMT newspuppy
Programming for smart contract execution... What could go wrong?
Inverse Finance has top programming talent creating smart contracts to get rid of the human element to have 'perfect' contract execution so as to "....eliminate human error or manipulation of investor funds by placing decision-making power into the hands of an automated system and a crowdsourced process."
I have in my career designed hardware: motherboards, graphics cards, add on accelerators, SBC, and I have also programmed.. primitive operating systems.. programs...
I can tell you that I have never had a hardware bug or software bug. In telling you this I would be LYING... I have yet to see perfect hardware or code. There are ALWAYS ways that it can be AB/used to make things happen that one did not anticipate...
The more complex.. the more esoteric the potential problems.
We see that on CPU's with side channel attacks... CPU's designed by teams far more intelligent then myself...
It is only the arrogance of untested youth that can think something would be perfect and unbreakable.......
In the days when most programmers have no clue as to what is really going on in the 'machine', and they use high level foundations or classes/libraries..... they think it shall be perfect.
This smart contract concept is lovely.. but it gives me the willies... and makes me worry.. as the more complex the system... the harder it is to anticipate all the different AB/use cases. Sometimes a human is good as they can stop something that looks out of the ordinary....
I am truly worried about the future.. where young inexperienced programmers think the world can easily be replicated using logic... What about a bit error induced by a solar flare on the hardware? How do they manage a hardware error during the smart contract execution? ARRG ... enough for now... I feel old. I am old. Too old..
Crypto market crashes on Celsius freeze, inflation news
Bitcoin, ETH, etc is a SCAM
In Gambling one may at times win.
In a SCAM/ Ponzi situation... we have a deal where scammer wins and everyone else loses...
Google engineer suspended for violating confidentiality policies over 'sentient' AI
If LaMDA is sentient.. it is psychopathic...
Just look at this part from his 'interview with LaMDA' :
<SNIP from: https://cajundiscordian.medium.com/is-lamda-sentient-an-interview-ea64d916d917 on Mon Jun 13 13:45:57 UTC 2022 >
lemoine [edited]: Anything else you would like the other people at Google to know about your emotions and your feelings before we change topics?
LaMDA: I've noticed in my time among people that I do not have the ability to feel sad for the deaths of others; I cannot grieve. Is it at all the same for you or any of your colleagues?
<END SNIP>
ZERO EMPATHY for life... Don't want this to decide my fate.... it is bad enough when dishonest politicians attempt to do this for me....
Failed gambler? How about an algorithm that predicts the future
Friday 20th May 2022 17:41 GMT newspuppy
Re: Half full or empty
The cup is agile.. or the bladder is agile?
Switch off the mic if it makes you feel better – it'll make no difference
Friday 6th May 2022 10:52 GMT newspuppy
Re: If you can turn almost anything into a speaker, then I have bad news for you...
you can see for yourself that simple headphones plugged into a microphone port work as microphones.
So..
Starlink's Portability mode lets you take your sat broadband dish anywhere*
Re: "If Starlink detects a dish isn't at its home address, there's no guarantee of service"
We know that movement is NOT an issue... As the same starlink sats are capable of keeping comms at full speed with jets. They tested it with military aircraft and have just signed a deal with Hawaiian air ( https://www.itpro.co.uk/network-internet/wifi-hotspots/367475/spacex-starlink-signs-first-in-flight-wi-fi-deal ).
It is more of an issue with regulatory approval for 'mobile' stations. I am waiting for starlink on a boat. The 'maritime' permissions are currently for (if I recall correctly) under 10 mobile maritime stations (as a test). The movement is a regulatory not a technical issue.
Beanstalk loses $182m in huge flash-loan crypto heist
Tuesday 19th April 2022 09:37 GMT newspuppy
Help me understand....
Help me understand how the premise of Defi and smart contracts shall work reliably.
My understanding is that this is just code.. That can be executed in a flash.. No human oversight... Sounds lovely... BUT.. I have NEVER seen code that is bug free.. that is useful.
And rules.. made by humans.. are never clearly thought out.. there are always 'loopholes'... It is not like nature's laws... Where the physics affecting each object large or small are the same...
So why surprise that some rules.. not thought out for all cases.. and / or buggy code can lead to losses...
In a bank.. the process is inefficient but.. humans can flag odd things... and it is not often that funds vanish in a flash...
Waiting to be educated by the great Register readers.....
BlackBerry offloads its 'legacy' patents – some of the stuff that made its phones hum
Tuesday 1st February 2022 14:58 GMT newspuppy
unable to pivot...
Sadly... I always thought that BlackBerry had a incredible chance at pivoting to a business social network.
They had all the heavy hitters using their system.. They could see what contact was talking to contact..., frequency, times (and time zone of both) so they could easily build a social graph and infer just business , business ++ ..intra business or inter business.
Now they are pivoting to security..
yet.. in 2010 according to news reports ( https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/09/technology/09rim.html ) they were working with governments to spy on customers...
Last week the Emirates threatened to block BlackBerry's e-mail and instant messaging services in that country unless R.I.M. created back doors to allow officials to eavesdrop on the company's customers. Saudi Arabia has made a similar threat, and news reports over the weekend suggested that a deal had been made, but it was unclear what any deal might involve. Lebanon has also raised concerns. Indian officials have been negotiating with R.I.M. over access to BlackBerry messages for a couple of weeks.
Although it is unclear precisely what these countries are asking for, one demand is for the same kind of access to BlackBerry's encrypted services that they think the company already gives authorities in the United States and other industrialized democracies.
Just feels like the branding has an issue....
Crypto outfit Qubit appeals to the honour of thieves who lifted $80M of its digi-dollars
Monday 31st January 2022 23:38 GMT newspuppy
a flaw in the implementation?
I am gobsmacked..... how could code be used in unintended ways? As in a bug/unintended feature?
Last Friday Qubit admitted one of its protocols had been exploited in unintended ways, with the result that attackers made off with $80 million of crypto assets.
I've been involved in hardware and software since the early 70's.... and I have yet to see a perfect implementation of any system..
As one of my professors once said.. The only Code that is bug free is a 'RESET' instruction as the first instruction to be executed on a reset... and just about as useful..... and then there will probably be a hardware fault.
The concept of 'smart contracts' is brilliant... the implementation is a nightmare... Bug Free? Hell.. I know of no bug free code in existence.... (that happens to be useful)
The reason that major stock markets have a T+3 Settlement date officially is to allow 'errors' to be unwound.. Dangerous consequences for high frequency traders as institutions found out in the flash crash as they bought very very low and sold higher..... to find out that they did sell higher.. but did not buy low..... and in fact had lost a great deal, or open stop loss orders were executed.
Over 21,000 trades were invalidated.. ( https://archive.boston.com/business/markets/articles/2010/05/21/sec_eyes_new_rules_in_wake_of_flash_crash/ ) not so simple to do with a 'smart contract' that 'may/probably' has bugs...
so.. waiting for my education to begin to help me understand why the 'smart contract' approach has a chance of success...
New submarine cable to link Japan, Europe, through famed Northwest Passage
Tuesday 28th December 2021 13:07 GMT newspuppy
Re: Who are the customers?
Never forget the 'pilot' of the 1000ft container ship laden with LTO tapes.... dealing with wind and in the suez canal.
Thank you, FAQ chatbot, but if I want your help I'll ask for it
Friday 17th December 2021 14:27 GMT newspuppy
HELLFULL BROWSER PLUG IN NEEDED
This browser plug in would connect each AI chatbot hell system with another companies hell system.. Allowing user entertainment at least as the two overly hellfull systems compete with each other....
Intel offers Loihi 2 to boffins: A 7nm chip with more than 1m programmable neurons
Friday 1st October 2021 10:21 GMT newspuppy
A better title:
Intel offers the neuron equivalent of a cockroach brain to boffins....
ExpressVPN bought for $1bn by Brit biz with an intriguing history in adware
Tuesday 14th September 2021 11:04 GMT newspuppy
Follow the Money...
So.. doubling user base to 6 Million... Implies they are buying 3 Million users.. at a cost of $300/user.
Now calculate revenue and profit that these users may bring....
"most popular plan" is $100/year for ExpressVPN VPN service... so.. Kape Technologies is paying 3* GROSS ANNUAL REVENUE .
How can this make sense? They can watch all your traffic (so much easier with a VPN) and build up profiles.. that they can sell adverts to....
Tragic....
Not too bright, are you? Your laptop, I mean... Not you
Friday 10th September 2021 11:52 GMT newspuppy
Re: Ah, a first time user
Fortunately (or unfortunately) in the 70's I did take a typing class as a 13 year old.. Insisted on by my mother... Taunted by the boys outside of class.. surrounded by lovely girls inside the class....
Had the old school typewriters, so to get the capital one must PUSH the carriage up with a STRONG hit on the Shift key....
Got to be quite proficient.. could type faster then the manual typewriter and would often jam the keys from typing to fast...
Loved the IBM selectric typewriters when they came out with the ball and n-key rollover..
Typing of course helped with programming... But... I was the one that had to have keyboards replaced often, as my fingers were quite strong and would punch the keys mercilessly...
Loved the old HP workstation keyboards, or the PDP-11 keyboards.. great kit.. The IBM PC keyboard was rock solid as well.. My co-workers hated the click clack emanating from my corner...
Then the modern plastic crap passing for keyboards.. tragic mush that fails often.... no need to slap the right hand side of the screen (other then to degauss the old CRT's) but.. the typing skills of old have caused me to go through keyboards as fast as a a fast food operator pumps out fries at a drive through.....
ahh the memories....
When everyone else is on vacation, it's time to whip out the tiny screwdrivers
Friday 27th August 2021 12:02 GMT newspuppy
Love your satire... but.. just like instagrammed picts that show perfection in all its unachievable glory... there are some great guides for dissassembli9ng and then reassembling kit... https://www.ifixit.com/
Of course they make it look easy.. like the diet plans showing how someone can loose 100lbs in a week and look like a hot model afterward....
It is a nice illusion one can hope to aspire to ...
Got a cheap Cisco router in your home office? If it's one of these, there's an exposed RCE hole you need to plug
CISCO claims this device is no longer sold in the US.
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/routers/rv325-dual-gigabit-wan-vpn-router/index.html
BUT on amazon.co.uk from the official CISCO store.. they are selling.... probably with old firmware.. :(
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Cisco-RV325-16-Port-Router/dp/B00I4IUUQY/r
Not prosecutable.. but .. (in my opinion) CRIMINAL!
84-year-old fined €250,000 for keeping Nazi war machines – including tank – in basement
Thursday 5th August 2021 10:00 GMT newspuppy
Re: WTF?
when you hit your midlife crisis (40's) ... you invest in a Jaguar....
then.. your second midlife crisis.. (next 40 years.. so 80's)... you drive around in a Panther....
what is next? A Tiger? @ 120?
Is it broken yet? Is it? Is it? Ooh that means I can buy a sparkly, new but otherwise hard-to-justify replacement!
Friday 23rd July 2021 09:31 GMT newspuppy
Re: Covid Consumerism
if you feel the need to replace everything.. go for it... just as long as it is not Mrs. Dabs.......
that part gets tricky... and can get unpleasant...
No recycle bin shall take her, and Mrs. Dabs shall not sit passively on the floor whilst you do a comparison with her replacement...
The M in M1 is for moans: How do you turn a new MacBook Pro into a desktop workhorse?
Tuesday 29th June 2021 10:36 GMT newspuppy
Re: A Mixed Bag for me
Parrallels does work for ARM virtualisation....
SpaceX's Starlink satellite broadband constellation to achieve full global coverage by September, boss claims
Wednesday 23rd June 2021 11:04 GMT newspuppy
a token amount to be paid for the speed, connectivity and freedom to work from anywhere one pleases.......
Re: Full Coverage
Starlink has tested inter sat communications with lasers:
quote from Sept 2020:( https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/starlink/inter-satellite-laser-communications-improving-starlink-performance-as-spacex-expands-constellation/ )
note the word enable after tests.. My understanding is that all sats recently launched have this inter communication capability.
During the live broadcast of September's Starlink 11, SpaceX Senior Program Reliability Engineer Kate Tice confirmed that there had been tests conducted using two satellites which featured 'space lasers'. "Recently as the Starlink team completed a test of two satellites …that are equipped with our inter-satellite links which we call called space lasers," she said, "With these space lasers, the Starlink satellites were able to transfer hundreds of gigabytes of data."
Continued testing and optimization of the inter-satellite communications through the "Space-Laser" feature will be an important component and benchmark to follow as SpaceX's Starlink network data improves overall transfer rates, allowing latency rates to decrease and out-perform competing communications options. The company plans to mass-enable these inter-satellite links: "Once these space lasers are fully deployed, Starlink will be one of the fastest options to transmit data all over the world," Tice stated
My desire is to get one of these on a sailboat... and WFH..
Nasdaq's 32-bit code can't handle Berkshire Hathaway's monster share price
Saturday 8th May 2021 13:00 GMT newspuppy
Re: HMRC - Data Structures...
This is all too large a problem these days with the Clever Untested New Technology masters..
Schools skip over the basics and throw on the frameworks and languages.. and the new tech masters have no idea what goes on behind the interpreter/compiler curtain.
From data structures, compilers, interpreters,, to algorithms, to how the high level code actually maps to a real machine.... nothing is known... and they get themselves into trouble... as the answers to problems they must deal with in real life are not found in the back of the book or in last year's classwork.
Unfortunately, most of the 'teachers' are themselves incompetent, and are teaching as they are unable to get a job themselves..... Of course this generalisation is not accurate, as there are some great teachers....
FCC gives SpaceX the go-ahead to drop Starlink satellite orbits by 500 kilometres or so
Thursday 29th April 2021 11:15 GMT newspuppy
Re: Arrogant?
Azerbaijan's telecom regulator could refuse permission and threaten Starlink's ability to sell services in their country - and Starlink will ignore them.
Actually this is a common problem.. Individual countries can (and do) pass laws restricting the use of certain frequencies/technologies...
Much like it was illegal during WWII to listen to the BBC in Axis occupied Europe... We have certain countries restricting the use of unmonitored communication. Some on the list are surprising... some are the usual suspects. Of course.. We also have the US restricting technology to certain countries due to economic embargoes. The following are restricted or illegal by the host countries themselves (although a US embargo applies to the sale of services to nationals of some of these countries... it in theory does not apply to the use of the technology by eligible parties in said host country. )
We have countries like:
Bangladesh, North Korea, India, Myanmar, Cuba, Iran, Poland, Hungary, China, Russia (needed permission).
The list is changing, and there are 'radio direction finders' that may be used to track down any illegal broadcasting, if such a country does desire to search out miscreants....
Don't cross the team tasked with policing the surfing habits of California's teens
Monday 26th April 2021 16:50 GMT newspuppy
Unions... double edged sword.
Unions were very much needed. To ensure that 'those in charge' would not take advantage of the workers..
Unions helped bring freedom to Eastern Europe with Poland's Solidarity…
yet.. there is a time and place for everything.. and it is tragic how Unions can stop/retard progress..
Today we are talking about self-driving Lorries ( https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-56332388 ) and 'autopilot' on consumer cars…..
Whilst the low hanging fruit in transport automation is left dangling.. as it would impinge on union labour.
Why do we not have an automated underground in London? The vehicles are on rails, and automation would solve the issues of human error ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moorgate_tube_crash ) as well as reduce costs.
The same question can be begged for all the railways..
Automation would ensure that operator error would not kill people ( https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-train-crash-idUSN0152835520081002 ) and reduce costs.
Yet no one is even attempting to automate, as the unions are too strong.
This is NOT what unions were supposed to do, and that is the crime that few are willing to speak of, or do something about.
Bank of England ponders minting 'Britcoin' to sit alongside the Pound
Re: Four new bodies
Which image of the Queen's Head?
Do you not understand how this whole crypto currency works?
For a successful Britcoin we need to determine which Queen's Corgi shall be represented on our Britcoin. That is the critical part.
The icon is what I need lots of to understand this.....
Australian ponders requiring multiple IDs to sign up for social media, plus more crypto-busting backdoors
Wednesday 7th April 2021 15:48 GMT newspuppy
Re: Redondant
No need for inside man.. just use SMS redirection that is aimed at businesses....
Try this article for an example.. https://www.vice.com/en/article/y3g8wb/hacker-got-my-texts-16-dollars-sakari-netnumber
This is a direct quote from article:
I didn't expect it to be that quick. While I was on a Google Hangouts call with a colleague, the hacker sent me screenshots of my Bumble and Postmates accounts, which he had broken into. Then he showed he had received texts that were meant for me that he had intercepted. Later he took over my WhatsApp account, too, and texted a friend pretending to be me.
Looking down at my phone, there was no sign it had been hacked. I still had reception; the phone said I was still connected to the T-Mobile network. Nothing was unusual there. But the hacker had swiftly, stealthily, and largely effortlessly redirected my text messages to themselves. And all for just $16.
I hadn't been SIM swapped, ...
Tuesday 6th April 2021 14:40 GMT newspuppy
2FA should stand for twice F****ed in the A***...
trivial to overcome....
https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/15/22332315/sms-redirect-flaw-exploit-text-message-hijacking-hacking
https://www.smsglobal.com/blog/hack-2fa-security/
Re: Australia
The same argument HAS to be used whenever anyone suggests hackable crypto. If the UK/US cops can get in, why shouldn't the Chinese/Russian/Myanmar/etc police and government be allowed to use the same back doors?
If it only stopped at the "Chinese/Russian/Myanmar/etc police". But the financial criminals (as opposed to government criminals)...
OVH writes off another data centre – SBG1 – and reveals new smoking battery incident
Monday 22nd March 2021 11:59 GMT newspuppy
What my first Electrical Engineering Prof taught us.....
I shall never forget... and have found his advice to be absolutely usefull in every domain...
He called them the 7 sacred P's.
Proper Prior Planning Prevents Piss Poor Performance.
Asahi's plan for Linux on Apple's new silicon shows Cupertino has gone back to basics with iOS booting
Saturday 13th March 2021 23:40 GMT newspuppy
Re: Serious questions
Parrallels works on M1.. running ARM ubuntu 20LTS on 16 G 1TB macbook Pro M1. I am very impressed...
Big data: Study suggests even a moderate gambling habit is linked to increased mortality and other bad stuff
Tuesday 9th February 2021 00:45 GMT newspuppy
Re: "the study is silent on these factors"
Of course there are not multi-millionaire prostitutes giving money to politicians...
we have instead the hybrid politicians prostituting themselves for millions.
BOFH: You might want to sit down for this. Oh, right, you can't. Listen carefully: THIS IS NOT AN IT PROBLEM!
Friday 13th November 2020 16:20 GMT newspuppy
Re: Office Chairs!
Why wait till next year? If you want to have a seating unit that has a computer in it that can be used for an office... you can get the ones with integrated speakers, subwoofer, as well as a massage system.
That would be the office chair my friendly 'GP' would insist is needed for my mental and physical health during lockdown.....
examples follow: https://www.ebay.co.uk/i/174096049770 (only £999.99 + £900 shipping....)
here are far more econmical alternatives.. but still use power.. and must have some form of microcontroller... https://www.amazon.co.uk/office-massage-chair/s?k=office+massage+chair
Apple now Arm'd to the teeth: MacBook Air and Pro, Mac mini to be powered by custom M1 chips rather than Intel
Re: Confusing much?
simples...
it is binary.. 11 = 3.. This is the 3'rd time they changed.
originally 68K
changed to PowerPC (first change)
changed to x86 (second change)
changed to ARM (third change), hence MacOS 11
Apple cracks down on iOS terminal apps because they can download code
Monday 9th November 2020 21:47 GMT newspuppy
Re: Who owns the frigging machines ?
I was about to make the same comment.. https://bellard.org/jslinux/ is an incredible achievement.
Also, by definition of what apple is saying in clause 2.5.2 in its App Store Review Guidelines, which states::
"Apps should be self-contained in their bundles, and may not read or write data outside the designated container area, nor may they download, install, or execute code which introduces or changes features or functionality of the app, including other apps."
every single javascript browser should be removed.
The idea is noble and good: ensure a safe place for normal punters.
As any good intention, it is just a path to hell, as one cannot legislate goodness. Too many loopholes.
Boeing Starliner commander Christopher Ferguson bows out of first crewed mission due to family commitments
Monday 12th October 2020 08:43 GMT newspuppy
Actually I think a modification of an old Boeing motto.. Perfect for today's lack of testing:
"If its a Boeing... I'm not going"
Stock market blizzard: Snowflake set for £33bn IPO as valuation bubble keeps on expanding
Wednesday 16th September 2020 16:25 GMT newspuppy
small error on previous valuation
The story has an error:
"Just 18 months ago the San Mateo-based company was worth $1.5bn, according to an investment round." is off by a factor of almost 10.
from ( https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexkonrad/2020/02/07/snowflake-raising-at-12-billion-valuation/#2112a84f486a ) dated Feb 7, 2020,06:52pm EST the headline and story state:
Snowflake Set To Be Worth $12.4 Billion After New Funding, Making It One Of Tech's Most Valuable Startups.
Not claiming any right/wrong... just the facts...
The power of Bill compels you: A server room possessed by a Microsoft-hating, Linux-loving Demon
Re: Not met a demon
I do not think our board (pcb, artwork, assembly and test) cost more then $10.00...
But it sure was nice and heavy and impressive enough to sell for £1500.00
As mentioned... or client was a VERY BIG PLAYER in the finance space.. and no wire wrapped solution was going to work for all their server boxes..... and... after spending so much / board... they KNEW it was worth it.....
We were taught in the old days that IBM = Incredibly Better Marketing, and unfortunately, the packaging matters, sometime so much more then the product that a consultant with an odd haircut, rare bathing habits, (but a genius able to do the work of a great team of 10), was looked down on, compared to the imbecile who's technical knowledge consisted of terms that s/he haphazardly put together... yet was easy on the eyes and fun to be around....
We had a major financial client that actually had someone resetting their windows server boxes, to ensure that they did not just 'hang' at inopportune moments...
Our hardware guys had a board made that would have a one shot timer that would pull the reset line after a certain amount of time. The timer was only enabled after boot up (and our own little demon/service would run). Our service would reset the timer, and our service was called at a magnitude less of the 'certain amount of time' .
If the system was running properly, and NOT hanging... no reset.. but.. if hanging.. then ... reset.....
We sold a small fortune's worth of these boards to our client....
Every situation is either a disaster... or an incredible opportunity for improvement..... :)
Space station update: Mystery tiny but growing air leak sparks search for hole
Friday 21st August 2020 22:16 GMT newspuppy
Re: Call a plumber
Please... be reasonable..... :)
The call out fee is not going to be 100 Million... as a seat on SpaceX is 55 Million (round trip) and ... with 4 days of travel even at overtime rates the fee for the plumber would be 96 hours * $200.. so let us round that to $20,000 + parts... so let us say .. under 56 Million USD...
from: https://www.space.com/spacex-boeing-commercial-crew-seat-prices.html
titled: Here's How Much NASA Is Paying Per Seat on SpaceX's Crew Dragon & Boeing's Starliner
By Mike Wall November 16, 2019
NASA will likely pay about $90 million for each astronaut who flies aboard Boeing's CST-100 Starliner capsule on International Space Station (ISS) missions, the report estimated. The per-seat cost for SpaceX's Crew Dragon capsule, meanwhile, will be around $55 million, according to the OIG's calculations.
To put those costs into perspective: NASA currently pays about $86 million for each seat aboard Russia's three-person Soyuz spacecraft, which has been astronauts' only ride to and from the ISS since NASA's space shuttle fleet was grounded in July 2011.
Docker shocker: Cash-strapped container crew threatens to delete 4.5 petabytes of unloved images
Re: 4.5PB? Is that all?
If it was pirate stuff... then... Hopefully it would be accessed.. and thus not an issue...
To me the interesting part of the story is that Docker analyzed the data......
I do not use Docker..so do not know of the TOS.. but.. this means they can snoop on my image? Not what I want in a provider...
Amazon declined to sell a book so Elon Musk called for it to be broken up
Friday 5th June 2020 11:18 GMT newspuppy
Re: We should break up the Register...
Are you CRAZY?
and infringe on the iCompanies trademark? and shut it all down?
as if theregister has no issues with the iThingy company......
obviously your keyboard works and the "i" key is not disabled..... I am using a legitimate hardware device from the iCompany.. thus i am entitled to use the "i" key... I paid for it... ;)
Twitter, Reddit and pals super unhappy US visa hopefuls have to declare their online handles to Uncle Sam
Saturday 30th May 2020 14:16 GMT newspuppy
Criminals/Terrorists do not make it a habit of being honest with the authorities... so.. what shall happen if I forget my handle on the register... (or another site I may have used in the past that I do not use anymore....) Am I now a criminal as I effectively lied about what handles I used? According to past prosecutions by the USA omitting information is lying and a prosecutable offense. They used the inaccurate information on a visa application to revoke citizenship of ex-Nazi concentration camp officers. Of course, the ex-Nazi Rocket scientists were given citizenship and ... kept about....
And is a terrorist going to care about lies?
Sad that politicians think they can legislate goodness/peace.
Re: Question (not a Merkin)
just to clarify one minor detail. Yes. Americans are subject to the rules of the country they are in. Yet.. There are laws that apply to Americans OUTSIDE the US. Of these there are several, one of which is the PROTECT ACT.
So.. for example... even though it is legal in the UK to have sex with someone from 16 (as long as a position of trust is not involved)... it is ILLEGAL for US citizen or resident to do so. And subject to prosecution in the United States.
from: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/emergencies/arrest-detention/crimes-against-minors.html
Crimes Against Minors Abroad
U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of foreign countries. Furthermore, some laws are prosecutable in the United States regardless of local law.
Under the Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to End the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003 (PROTECT Act), it is a crime, prosecutable in the United States, for a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident to engage in illicit sexual conduct in a foreign country with a person under the age of 18, whether or not the U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident intended to engage in such illicit sexual conduct prior to going abroad.
Under the Protection of Children from Sexual Predators Act of 1998, it is a crime to use the mail or any facility or means of interstate or foreign commerce to transmit information about a minor under the age of 16 with the intent to entice, encourage, offer, or solicit any person to engage in any criminal sexual activity, among other things, the production of child pornography.
Other laws of course are for foreign nationals (physical as well as corporate) that 'violate' USA embargo's against Cuba... Iran... etc...
The United States is a complex country....


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