Art Dubai is held under the Patronage of HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the UAE, Ruler of Dubai Ladies' Day is held beneath the patronage and steerage of Sheikha Manal bint Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, President of Dubai Girls's Institution, Spouse of HH Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Presidential Affairs the final seven years, Artwork Dubai, the leading international art truthful in the MENASA (Middle East/North Africa/South Asia), has turn into a cornerstone of the area's booming contemporary artwork community. Thomas, of course, still holds the report price for an Aboriginal work of art at public sale with the total $778,750 paid by the National Gallery of Australia for his monumental All that Huge Rain Coming from the Prime Aspect at Sotheby's in 2001.
The fair's principal curatorial position is concentrated at facilitating a direct dialogue between younger collectors and artwork lovers and a various range of worldwide artists, whereas bringing modern art nearer to not solely the extra conventional viewers of Art Cologne but in addition to new target teams.
The seeds of social apply and cultural policy in artwork training, associated to the legacy of Jane Addams's Hull House, are discussed by Lisa Lee, Director of the College art entertainment 1970s of Art and Artwork Historical past at the College of Illinois at Chicago, with the hosts of the Bad at Sports podcast.
Moreover, all this will happen during a specifically dynamic moment in the nation's art scene thanks to the brand new house in the Museu de Arte, Arquitetura e Tecnologia (MAAT) by the Fundação EDP, new galleries and non revenue areas, and the appointment of Lisbon as 2017 Ibero-American Capital of Culture 2017.
Though not all archaeological supply nations have the assets to construct such an unimpeachable museum, the difficulty of restitution for artistic endeavors would possibly increasingly be decided less on whether or not these supply international locations can legally reclaim their own antiquities – however whether or not, ethically, they need to.


text:
package com.smartdevicelink.test.rpc.responses;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.List;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import com.smartdevicelink.marshal.JsonRPCMarshaller;
import com.smartdevicelink.protocol.enums.FunctionID;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.RPCMessage;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.AudioPassThruCapabilities;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.ButtonCapabilities;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.DisplayCapabilities;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.PresetBankCapabilities;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.RegisterAppInterfaceResponse;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.SdlMsgVersion;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.SoftButtonCapabilities;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.VehicleType;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.enums.HmiZoneCapabilities;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.enums.Language;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.enums.PrerecordedSpeech;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.enums.SpeechCapabilities;
import com.smartdevicelink.proxy.rpc.enums.VrCapabilities;
import com.smartdevicelink.test.BaseRpcTests;
import com.smartdevicelink.test.JsonUtils;
import com.smartdevicelink.test.Test;
import com.smartdevicelink.test.Validator;
import com.smartdevicelink.test.json.rpc.JsonFileReader;

/**
 * This is a unit test class for the SmartDeviceLink library project class :
 * {@link com.smartdevicelink.rpc.RegisterAppInterfaceResponse}
 */
public class RegisterAppInterfaceResponseTest extends BaseRpcTests {

	@Override
	protected RPCMessage createMessage() {
		RegisterAppInterfaceResponse msg = new RegisterAppInterfaceResponse();

		msg.setSdlMsgVersion(Test.GENERAL_SDLMSGVERSION);
		msg.setLanguage(Test.GENERAL_LANGUAGE);
		msg.setHmiDisplayLanguage(Test.GENERAL_LANGUAGE);
		msg.setDisplayCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_DISPLAYCAPABILITIES);
		msg.setPresetBankCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_PRESETBANKCAPABILITIES);
		msg.setVehicleType(Test.GENERAL_VEHICLETYPE);
		msg.setButtonCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_BUTTONCAPABILITIES_LIST);
		msg.setSoftButtonCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_SOFTBUTTONCAPABILITIES_LIST);
		msg.setAudioPassThruCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_AUDIOPASSTHRUCAPABILITIES_LIST);
		msg.setHmiZoneCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_HMIZONECAPABILITIES_LIST);
		msg.setSpeechCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_SPEECHCAPABILITIES_LIST);
		msg.setVrCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_VRCAPABILITIES_LIST);
		msg.setPrerecordedSpeech(Test.GENERAL_PRERECORDEDSPEECH_LIST);
		msg.setSupportedDiagModes(Test.GENERAL_INTEGER_LIST);

		return msg;
	}

	@Override
	protected String getMessageType() {
		return RPCMessage.KEY_RESPONSE;
	}

	@Override
	protected String getCommandType() {
		return FunctionID.REGISTER_APP_INTERFACE.toString();
	}

	@Override
	protected JSONObject getExpectedParameters(int sdlVersion) {
		JSONObject result = new JSONObject();

		try {
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_LANGUAGE, Test.GENERAL_LANGUAGE);
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_HMI_DISPLAY_LANGUAGE, Test.GENERAL_LANGUAGE);
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_SUPPORTED_DIAG_MODES, JsonUtils.createJsonArray(Test.GENERAL_INTEGER_LIST));
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_SDL_MSG_VERSION, Test.JSON_SDLMSGVERSION);
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_VEHICLE_TYPE, Test.GENERAL_VEHICLETYPE.serializeJSON());
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_PRESET_BANK_CAPABILITIES, Test.JSON_PRESETBANKCAPABILITIES);
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_DISPLAY_CAPABILITIES, Test.JSON_DISPLAYCAPABILITIES);
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_BUTTON_CAPABILITIES, Test.JSON_BUTTONCAPABILITIES);
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_SOFT_BUTTON_CAPABILITIES, Test.JSON_SOFTBUTTONCAPABILITIES);
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_AUDIO_PASS_THRU_CAPABILITIES, Test.JSON_AUDIOPASSTHRUCAPABILITIES);
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_SPEECH_CAPABILITIES, JsonUtils.createJsonArray(Test.GENERAL_SPEECHCAPABILITIES_LIST));
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_VR_CAPABILITIES, JsonUtils.createJsonArray(Test.GENERAL_VRCAPABILITIES_LIST));
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_HMI_ZONE_CAPABILITIES, JsonUtils.createJsonArray(Test.GENERAL_HMIZONECAPABILITIES_LIST));
			result.put(RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_PRERECORDED_SPEECH, JsonUtils.createJsonArray(Test.GENERAL_PRERECORDEDSPEECH_LIST));
		} catch (JSONException e) {
			fail(Test.JSON_FAIL);
		}

		return result;
	}

	/**
	 * Tests the expected values of the RPC message.
	 */
    public void testRpcValues () {
		// Test Values
		List<Integer>            testSupportedDiagModes = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getSupportedDiagModes();
		List<PrerecordedSpeech>  testPrerecordedSpeech  = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getPrerecordedSpeech();
		List<VrCapabilities>     testVrCapabilities     = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getVrCapabilities();
		List<SpeechCapabilities> testSpeechCapabilities = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getSpeechCapabilities();
		List<HmiZoneCapabilities> testHmiZoneCapabilities = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getHmiZoneCapabilities();
		List<SoftButtonCapabilities> testSoftButtonCapabilities = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getSoftButtonCapabilities();
		List<ButtonCapabilities> testButtonCapabilities = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getButtonCapabilities();
		VehicleType testVehicleType = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getVehicleType();
		PresetBankCapabilities testPbc = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getPresetBankCapabilities();
		DisplayCapabilities testDc = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getDisplayCapabilities();
		Language testHmiLang = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getHmiDisplayLanguage();
		Language testLang = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getLanguage();
		SdlMsgVersion testMsgVersion = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getSdlMsgVersion();
		List<AudioPassThruCapabilities> testAptc = ( (RegisterAppInterfaceResponse) msg ).getAudioPassThruCapabilities();

		// Valid Tests
		assertEquals(Test.MATCH, Test.GENERAL_INTEGER_LIST, testSupportedDiagModes);
		assertEquals(Test.MATCH, Test.GENERAL_PRERECORDEDSPEECH_LIST, testPrerecordedSpeech);
		assertEquals(Test.MATCH, Test.GENERAL_VRCAPABILITIES_LIST, testVrCapabilities);
		assertEquals(Test.MATCH, Test.GENERAL_SPEECHCAPABILITIES_LIST, testSpeechCapabilities);
		assertEquals(Test.MATCH, Test.GENERAL_HMIZONECAPABILITIES_LIST, testHmiZoneCapabilities);
		assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validateSoftButtonCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_SOFTBUTTONCAPABILITIES_LIST, testSoftButtonCapabilities));
		assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validateButtonCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_BUTTONCAPABILITIES_LIST, testButtonCapabilities));
		assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validateVehicleType(Test.GENERAL_VEHICLETYPE, testVehicleType));
		assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validatePresetBankCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_PRESETBANKCAPABILITIES, testPbc));
		assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validateDisplayCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_DISPLAYCAPABILITIES, testDc));
		assertEquals(Test.MATCH, Test.GENERAL_LANGUAGE, testHmiLang);
		assertEquals(Test.MATCH, Test.GENERAL_LANGUAGE, testLang);
		assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validateSdlMsgVersion(Test.GENERAL_SDLMSGVERSION, testMsgVersion));
		assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validateAudioPassThruCapabilities(Test.GENERAL_AUDIOPASSTHRUCAPABILITIES_LIST, testAptc));

		// Invalid/Null Tests
		RegisterAppInterfaceResponse msg = new RegisterAppInterfaceResponse();
		assertNotNull(Test.NOT_NULL, msg);
		testNullBase(msg);

		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getSdlMsgVersion());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getLanguage());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getHmiDisplayLanguage());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getDisplayCapabilities());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getPresetBankCapabilities());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getVehicleType());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getButtonCapabilities());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getSoftButtonCapabilities());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getAudioPassThruCapabilities());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getHmiZoneCapabilities());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getSpeechCapabilities());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getVrCapabilities());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getPrerecordedSpeech());
		assertNull(Test.NULL, msg.getSupportedDiagModes());
	}

    /**
     * Tests a valid JSON construction of this RPC message.
     */
    public void testJsonConstructor () {
    	JSONObject commandJson = JsonFileReader.readId(this.mContext, getCommandType(), getMessageType());
    	assertNotNull(Test.NOT_NULL, commandJson);

		try {
			Hashtable<String, Object> hash = JsonRPCMarshaller.deserializeJSONObject(commandJson);
			RegisterAppInterfaceResponse cmd = new RegisterAppInterfaceResponse(hash);

			JSONObject body = JsonUtils.readJsonObjectFromJsonObject(commandJson, getMessageType());
			assertNotNull(Test.NOT_NULL, body);

			// Test everything in the json body.
			assertEquals(Test.MATCH, JsonUtils.readStringFromJsonObject(body, RPCMessage.KEY_FUNCTION_NAME), cmd.getFunctionName());
			assertEquals(Test.MATCH, JsonUtils.readIntegerFromJsonObject(body, RPCMessage.KEY_CORRELATION_ID), cmd.getCorrelationID());

			JSONObject parameters = JsonUtils.readJsonObjectFromJsonObject(body, RPCMessage.KEY_PARAMETERS);

			JSONObject vehicleTypeObj = JsonUtils.readJsonObjectFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_VEHICLE_TYPE);
			VehicleType vehicleType = new VehicleType(JsonRPCMarshaller.deserializeJSONObject(vehicleTypeObj));
			assertTrue(Test.TRUE,  Validator.validateVehicleType(vehicleType, cmd.getVehicleType()));

			JSONArray speechCapabilitiesArray = JsonUtils.readJsonArrayFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_SPEECH_CAPABILITIES);
			for (int index = 0; index < speechCapabilitiesArray.length(); index++) {
				SpeechCapabilities speechCapability = SpeechCapabilities.valueForString( speechCapabilitiesArray.get(index).toString() );
				assertEquals(Test.MATCH, speechCapability, cmd.getSpeechCapabilities().get(index));
			}

			JSONArray vrCapabilitiesArray = JsonUtils.readJsonArrayFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_VR_CAPABILITIES);
			for (int index = 0; index < vrCapabilitiesArray.length(); index++) {
				VrCapabilities vrCapability = VrCapabilities.valueForString( vrCapabilitiesArray.get(index).toString() );
				assertEquals(Test.MATCH, vrCapability, cmd.getVrCapabilities().get(index));
			}

			JSONArray audioPassThruCapabilitiesArray = JsonUtils.readJsonArrayFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_AUDIO_PASS_THRU_CAPABILITIES);
			List<AudioPassThruCapabilities> audioPassThruCapabilitiesList = new ArrayList<AudioPassThruCapabilities>();
			for (int index = 0; index < audioPassThruCapabilitiesArray.length(); index++) {
				AudioPassThruCapabilities audioPassThruCapability =
						new AudioPassThruCapabilities(JsonRPCMarshaller.deserializeJSONObject( (JSONObject)audioPassThruCapabilitiesArray.get(index) ));
				audioPassThruCapabilitiesList.add(audioPassThruCapability);
			}
			assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validateAudioPassThruCapabilities(audioPassThruCapabilitiesList, cmd.getAudioPassThruCapabilities() ));

			JSONArray hmiZoneCapabilitiesArray = JsonUtils.readJsonArrayFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_HMI_ZONE_CAPABILITIES);
			for (int index = 0; index < hmiZoneCapabilitiesArray.length(); index++) {
				HmiZoneCapabilities hmiZoneCapability = HmiZoneCapabilities.valueForString( hmiZoneCapabilitiesArray.get(index).toString() );
				assertEquals(Test.MATCH, hmiZoneCapability, cmd.getHmiZoneCapabilities().get(index));
			}

			JSONArray prerecordedSpeechArray = JsonUtils.readJsonArrayFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_PRERECORDED_SPEECH);
			for (int index = 0; index < prerecordedSpeechArray.length(); index++) {
				PrerecordedSpeech prerecordedSpeech = PrerecordedSpeech.valueForString( prerecordedSpeechArray.get(index).toString() );
				assertEquals(Test.MATCH, prerecordedSpeech, cmd.getPrerecordedSpeech().get(index));
			}

			List<Integer> supportedDiagnosticModesList = JsonUtils.readIntegerListFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_SUPPORTED_DIAG_MODES);
			List<Integer> testDiagnosticModesList = cmd.getSupportedDiagModes();
			assertEquals(Test.MATCH, supportedDiagnosticModesList.size(), testDiagnosticModesList.size());
			assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validateIntegerList(supportedDiagnosticModesList, testDiagnosticModesList));

			JSONObject sdlMsgVersionObj = JsonUtils.readJsonObjectFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_SDL_MSG_VERSION);
			SdlMsgVersion sdlMsgVersion = new SdlMsgVersion(JsonRPCMarshaller.deserializeJSONObject(sdlMsgVersionObj));
			assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validateSdlMsgVersion(sdlMsgVersion, cmd.getSdlMsgVersion()) );
			assertEquals(Test.MATCH, JsonUtils.readStringFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_LANGUAGE), cmd.getLanguage().toString());

			JSONArray buttonCapabilitiesArray = JsonUtils.readJsonArrayFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_BUTTON_CAPABILITIES);
			List<ButtonCapabilities> buttonCapabilitiesList = new ArrayList<ButtonCapabilities>();
			for (int index = 0; index < buttonCapabilitiesArray.length(); index++) {
				ButtonCapabilities buttonCapability = new ButtonCapabilities(JsonRPCMarshaller.deserializeJSONObject( (JSONObject)buttonCapabilitiesArray.get(index) ));
				buttonCapabilitiesList.add(buttonCapability);
			}
			assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validateButtonCapabilities(buttonCapabilitiesList, cmd.getButtonCapabilities() ));

			JSONObject displayCapabilitiesObj = JsonUtils.readJsonObjectFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_DISPLAY_CAPABILITIES);
			DisplayCapabilities displayCapabilities = new DisplayCapabilities(JsonRPCMarshaller.deserializeJSONObject(displayCapabilitiesObj));
			assertTrue(Test.TRUE,  Validator.validateDisplayCapabilities(displayCapabilities, cmd.getDisplayCapabilities()) );
			assertEquals(Test.MATCH, JsonUtils.readStringFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_HMI_DISPLAY_LANGUAGE), cmd.getHmiDisplayLanguage().toString());

			JSONArray softButtonCapabilitiesArray = JsonUtils.readJsonArrayFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_SOFT_BUTTON_CAPABILITIES);
			List<SoftButtonCapabilities> softButtonCapabilitiesList = new ArrayList<SoftButtonCapabilities>();
			for (int index = 0; index < softButtonCapabilitiesArray.length(); index++) {
				SoftButtonCapabilities softButtonCapability =
						new SoftButtonCapabilities(JsonRPCMarshaller.deserializeJSONObject( (JSONObject)softButtonCapabilitiesArray.get(index) ));
				softButtonCapabilitiesList.add(softButtonCapability);
			}
			assertTrue(Test.TRUE, Validator.validateSoftButtonCapabilities(softButtonCapabilitiesList, cmd.getSoftButtonCapabilities() ));

			JSONObject presetBankCapabilitiesObj = JsonUtils.readJsonObjectFromJsonObject(parameters, RegisterAppInterfaceResponse.KEY_PRESET_BANK_CAPABILITIES);
			PresetBankCapabilities presetBankCapabilities = new PresetBankCapabilities(JsonRPCMarshaller.deserializeJSONObject(presetBankCapabilitiesObj));
			assertTrue(Test.TRUE,  Validator.validatePresetBankCapabilities(presetBankCapabilities, cmd.getPresetBankCapabilities()) );
		} catch (JSONException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Has your employer in Toronto terminated your employment and presented you with a severance package? You should have it reviewed by a lawyer with expertise. It not uncommon for employers to try to pay their ex-employees less than they should. Don't leave your severance package to chance.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


North Yorkshire Police is appealing for information in the UK and Thailand after confirming the identity of a south-east Asian woman whose body was discovered in a remote location on the Pennine Way, between Pen-y-Ghent and Horton in Ribblesdale, on 20 September 2004.
As a result of extensive enquiries and DNA testing with family members in Thailand, the Major Investigation Team's Cold Case Review Unit believes the woman is Lamduan Armitage nee Seekanya.
It is also understood that Lamduan visited Thailand at some point between 2003 and 2004, but it is not known which part of the country she went to.
Police enquiries are being conducted in Thailand with the co-operation and assistance of the Thai authorities, as well as in the UK.
North Yorkshire Police are interviewing members of Lamduan's family in both Thailand and the UK as part of the investigation into the circumstances of her death.
We are seeking information from anyone who knew Lamduan Armitage nee Seekanya or her family between 1991 and up to the time she died in September 2004.
No matter how small or seemingly insignificant you think the information is, it could prove to be very important to help us establish details about Lamduan's life and the circumstances surrounding her death.
If you can help, please complete the form below and submit your information as soon as possible. Thank you for your support.


text:
You are here: Home / India / Tips for first time travellers to Nepal
Tips for first time travellers to Nepal
by Guest Author | May 5, 2019
This post may contain compensated links. Find more info in my Disclosure Policy.
View of Kathmandu from Swayambhunath
Differences between India and Nepal travellers need to know
Here are the differences between India and Nepal that you need to know before visiting.
1. The power situation
2. If you're a woman, your experience will be much easier in Nepal
3. Vegetarianism
4. The infrastructure
5. It's not OK to lose your temper
6. The permeation of Buddhism
This guest post is by writer, editor, Indiaphile and India traveller Elen Turner, who moved from Australia to Nepal sight unseen to start a new job. Here's what she discovered, and her tips for first time travellers to Nepal.
I ARRIVED IN KATHMANDU for the first time in the middle of the monsoon. The rain lashed the airplane's windows as we descended into the grey clouds, eliminating any hope of the famous Himalayan views I'd been told to expect. Instead, my first glimpse of my new home was of the hills of the Kathmandu Valley, bright green and lush, and haphazard brick structures crammed together, fighting for space.
At Tribhuvan Airport I clambered into a beat-up taxi that felt, to me, as if it belonged more in sub-Saharan Africa than the South Asia I knew from my previous visits to India. The ring-road to Patan, where I would be living, was muddy, pot-holed and extremely congested. As we crossed the Bagmati River, we encountered a group of military police, clad in blue camouflage and combat boots, breaking up an altercation. We passed one United Nations office after another, many international NGOs, and shared the road with numerous UN and USAID jeeps.
All of this was a surprise to me.
A typical guesthouse for trekkers in the Langtang Valley
While Kathmandu was to become my home for the next year, I'd never been there before. My friends and family in Australia knew better than to ask why I would drop everything and move to a country to which I'd never been. I didn't even stop to ask myself that question. I knew India, and how different could Nepal, its land-locked northern neighbour, be?
Very. I felt it immediately.
Nepal felt unrecognizable. I knew better than to expect a mountain Shangri-la, but I had expected something much more familiar, more like India. Much of the difference between the countries comes down to the fact that Nepal is extremely poor, and is classified as a 'least developed nation.' India does a poor job of equitably distributing its wealth, but it does have a lot of wealth and resources.
The Diwali market at the Janaki Mandir in Janakpur said to be the birthplace of Sita
Unless you visit during monsoon, which isn't advisable, Kathmandu suffers from crippling power shortages of the sort that apparently used to be common throughout India, but are not any longer. The hydro dams that produce electricity are low outside of the monsoon months, meaning that scheduled power in the middle of winter can be as little as two hours per day. At other times of the year, this can rise to 8-12 hours per day.
If you're staying in a hotel in Kathmandu or Pokhara, you're likely to be supplied with sufficient power from a back-up generator. Be aware that most Nepalis do not have this luxury.
While I'm a staunch supporter of women's travel in India, the truth is that travelling in Nepal is much more comfortable, most of the time.
In general, Nepalis are a very laid-back people who don't invade one's personal space, male or female. Nepali men are not prone to staring or making audible or muttered comments to foreign women. There is less likelihood that a casual chat with a man on a bus or elsewhere in public will be misinterpreted, thus making it easier for foreign women to have genuine, interesting and harmless conversations with Nepali men. It's still a good idea to dress modestly, but Nepali women—especially the young, in Kathmandu—often show more skin and wear tighter jeans and t-shirts than is common in India. Although still a very patriarchal and male-dominated society, Nepal does not have the same unwritten prohibitions against women in certain parts of the public sphere that India does. If, as a woman, you stumble into a down-market restaurant that's patronised by men, you shouldn't feel intimidated.
At first, I thought that these more relaxed gender codes were a mountains-plains divide, as it is often said that travelling in India's mountainous areas is 'easier' as a woman. However, I visited Janakpur, a city on Nepal's plains, very near the border with Bihar, and I found the atmosphere there very comfortable. Despite looking like a very poor, dusty, flat Uttar Pradeshi or Bihari town, in Janakpur I wandered freely, alone, without even a sideways glance.
A market in the ancient Newari city of Bhaktapu
Although the majority of Nepalis are Hindu, most are not vegetarian. As one myself, I love travelling in India as it's one of the few places in the world where I'm spoilt for choice when I pick up a menu. The same doesn't always apply in Nepal, where chicken and buffalo are very popular. But it's still easy to get by, as veg curries and momos are available almost everywhere, even deep in the mountains.
In some respects, such as the network of trekkers' lodges throughout the mountains, Nepal's tourism infrastructure is good. In most others, it really is not. The quality of the roads in Kathmandu is extremely poor, as they are in much of the rest of the country. Local buses are old, over-crowded and slow, although very cheap. Faster tourist buses only run along a couple of routes, namely, between Kathmandu and Pokhara. There are practically no railways in Nepal apart from a short strip in the Terai that connects with India, and domestic flights, although frequent and cheap, are often cancelled due to bad weather in the mountains.
Nepal is a very poor, very mountainous country, so this poor infrastructure is entirely understandable. But it does mean that when visiting Nepal, it's not a good idea to try to do too much, too quickly.
Sometimes, in India, stomping your foot and raising your voice is the only way to get what you want, or be treated the way you should be. In Nepal, this doesn't fly. In this respect, Nepalis are temperamentally more similar to their East Asian neighbours, where losing one's temper in public is considered an embarrassment, and the quickest way to alienate people. (Of course, this doesn't apply to politics, which is governed by its own set of rules and non-rules!)
At the Neydo Tibetan Monastery in Pharping
Although more than 80% of Nepalis are Hindus, Buddhism is a very visible part of Nepal's cultural landscape. Lumbini, on Nepal's plains, is said to be the birthplace of Gautama Siddhartha Buddha, and the country has several ancient Buddhist pilgrimage sites. In Kathmandu, there are numerous Buddhist stupas, adorned with the elegant, languorous and ever-watchful eyes of Buddha. Fluttering, primary-coloured Tibetan prayer flags are a common sight. The native people of the Kathmandu Valley, the Newars, practice a form of Buddhism that has been strongly influenced by Hinduism. Tibetan Buddhism is visible throughout the high Himalaya, which is inhabited by ethnic groups related to Tibet, and also in Kathmandu, with its significant population of Tibetan refugees.
I shouldn't have been surprised by all these differences, but because Nepal rarely features in international news (before the earthquake this year), it's too easy to assume that it is just a more mountainous version of India. Nepal is fascinating and unique, and has as many reasons to return again and again as its larger, harder-to-overlook southern neighbour.
Elen in Bhaktapur
Elen Turner is a New York state based editor and writer who has led previous lives in Nepal, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Czech Republic, Sierra Leone and the UK. She has a PhD from the Australian National University on India's contemporary feminist publishing industry and works with Kathmandu-based Himal Southasian magazine. She blogs at Wilderness, Metropolis.
Mountain views from the Langtang Valley
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Welcome to our new petrified palm wood page!
This is another new item we acquired from a bankrupt rock shop in California. They are excellent specimens; and some are thin cut for pictures, some are cut medium for cabachons, and some are thick cut for specimen pieces. All are very high quality. For expanded view, details; and secure shopping cart, simply click the photo of your interest. Thank you for taking the time to view these products!


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Nonna's Minestrone – OMG – Easy to Follow Recipe
Nonna's Minestrone – OMG –
Easy to Follow Recipe
This is one of the recipes that I remember as a kid my mom and grandmom used to regularly make for us. Another simple recipe but delicious and very good for us. This is the type of food that kept us healthy and strong. Something we need to get back to these days.
Hope you enjoy this well done video by Aurora Importing…
Minestrone is a thick soup of Italian origin made with vegetables, often with the addition of pasta or rice, sometimes both. Common ingredients include beans, onions, celery, carrots, stock, and tomatoes.
There is no set recipe for minestrone, since it can be usually made out of whatever vegetables one has. It can be vegetarian, contain meat, or contain an animal bone-based stock (such as chicken stock). Angelo Pellegrini, however, argued that the base of minestrone is bean broth, and that borlotti beans (also called Roman beans) "are the beans to use for genuine minestrone".
Because of its unique origins and the absence of a fixed recipe, minestrone varies widely across Italy depending on traditional cooking times, ingredients, and season. Minestrone ranges from a thick and dense texture with very boiled-down vegetables, to a more brothy soup with large quantities of diced and lightly cooked vegetables; it may also include meats.
In modern Italian there are three words corresponding to the English word soup: zuppa, which is used in the sense of tomato soup, or fish soup; minestra, which is used in the sense of a more substantial soup such as a vegetable soup, and also for "dry" soups, namely pasta dishes; and minestrone, which means a very substantial or large soup or stew, though the meaning has now come to be associated with this particular dish.
Some of the earliest origins of minestrone soup pre-date the expansion of the Latin tribes of Rome into what became the Roman Kingdom (later Roman Republic and Empire), when the local diet was "vegetarian by necessity" and consisted mostly of vegetables, such as onions, lentils, cabbage, garlic, broad beans, mushrooms, carrots, asparagus, and turnips.
During this time, the main dish of a meal would have been pulte, a simple but filling porridge of spelt flour cooked in salt water, to which whatever vegetables that were available would have been added.
It was not until the 2nd century B.C., when Rome had conquered Italy and monopolized the commercial and road networks, that a huge diversity of products flooded the capital and began to change their diet, and by association, the diet of Italy most notably with the more frequent inclusion of meats, including as a stock for soups.
Spelt flour was also removed from soups, as bread had been introduced into the Roman diet by the Greeks, and pulte became a meal largely for the poor.
The ancient Romans recognized the health benefits of a simple or "frugal" diet (from the Latin fruges, the common name given to cereals, vegetables and legumes) and thick vegetable soups and vegetables remained a staple.
Marcus Apicius's ancient cookbook De Re Coquinaria described polus, a Roman soup dating back to 30 AD made up of farro, chickpeas, and favabeans, with onions, garlic, lard, and greens thrown in.
As eating habits and ingredients changed in Italy, so did minestrone. Apicius updates the pultes and pulticulae with fancy trimmings such as cooked brains and wine.
Minestrone Soup with Parsley
The introduction of tomatoes and potatoes from the Americas in the mid-16th century changed the soup by making available two ingredients which have since become staples.
The tradition of not losing rural roots continues today, and minestrone is now known in Italy as belonging to the style of cooking called "cucina povera" (literally "poor kitchen") meaning dishes that have rustic, rural roots, as opposed to "cucina nobile" or the cooking style of the aristocracy and nobles.
Like many Italian dishes, minestrone was probably originally not a dish made for its own sake. In other words, one did not gather the ingredients of minestrone with the intention of making minestrone. The ingredients were pooled from ingredients for other dishes, often side dishes or contorni plus whatever was left over, rather like the pulte.
There are two schools of thought on when the recipe for minestrone became more formalized. One argues that in the 17th and 18th centuries minestrone emerged as a soup using exclusively fresh vegetables and was made for its own sake (meaning it no longer relied on left-overs), while the other school of thought argues that the dish had always been prepared exclusively with fresh vegetables for its own sake since the pre-Roman pulte, but the name minestrone lost its meaning of being made with left-overs.
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How A Ryerson Student Worked His Way From Vancouver 2010 To London 2012
by Ishani Nath
For athletes, the Olympic Games are the pinnacle of their career but for Ryerson University journalism student Dan Fumano, the 2012 London Summer Games are just the beginning.
"There's something special about the Olympics… when people from all over the world are coming together in one place, and everyone's in such a festive mood and it's more than just a sporting event," says Dan. "There's so many great stories here."
As for Dan, his story started when the Olympics rolled into his hometown of Vancouver, B.C. back in 2010.
Having finished a Bachelors of Arts at the University of British Columbia, Dan was out in the working world by the time the Olympic torch light up the West coast. Though he was no longer on campus, Dan kept an eye on the UBC alumni job board and when a posting advertising a position for NBC's Olympic coverage came up, he went for it.
"I didn't really know how much of a chance I'd have, but I thought it sounded really great," says Dan.
With his passion for athletics, a keen sense for sport and a background in English, Spanish and literature, Dan beefed up his resume, penned a golden cover letter and sent in his application. And in true Olympics fashion, the competition was fierce. After the initial application, Dan went through two rounds of interviews, one by phone and one in-person with an NBC representative flown in to Vancouver specifically for the occasion, before he landed the job.
And then the real work started.
Researching and fact checking for NBC's coverage of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics was no game. "It was long hours, but the work was so fun and exciting that 12 and 13-hour shifts went by so quickly," he says."The experience was intense and demanding and sometimes stressful, but really fun and never boring."
After all the medals had been handed out and the Games came to a close, Dan didn't let his time at the Olympics fade to a fond memory. Working with NBC was his first exposure to the world of broadcast news and it set him on a new career path.
With references from his NBC supervisor, Dan began applying to graduate schools and in 2011, he started Ryerson's Master of Journalism program in Toronto.
Two years after his first exposure to the five ring circus, Dan was ready to return to the Games and this time, he had the skills, connections and experience necessary to move up the ranks. Dan used his contacts with NBC to get a job for the network's coverage of London 2012 but this time, he stepped up to the position of researcher and writer.
Dan is currently stationed across the pond covering rowing, volleyball and beach volleyball and experiencing the Olympics on the front lines of the competition.
Much like the athletes that he now interviews, it took Dan a lot of hard work, dedication and training to get to London. While Dan says that his big break was the product of a bit of luck, when it comes to working in the Olympics, it's all about finding the opportunities and not being afraid to go for the gold.
Photo credit: Olympic Rings in the Olympic Park by The Department for Culture, Media and Sport on Flickr
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Ishani Nath is a proud McMaster alum, aspiring writer and current journalism grad student at Ryerson University. When she's not hammering out articles, she can usually be found on a patio or nestled on a couch trying to keep up with those crazy Kardashians. She hopes to one day have a job that makes her excited to get up each morning, or at least one that gives her free food. Intrigued? Enthralled? Learn more by following her on @ishaninath.
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Carmello Jones carries on Mustang 'tradition' as Super Gold Defensive Player of the Year
Sports // High School Sports
Matt Faye, Staff writer
Dec. 12, 2021 Updated: Dec. 12, 2021 10:09 a.m.
West Orange -Stark's Carmello Jones is the Super Gold defensive Player of the Year. Photo made Friday, December 10, 2021 Kim Brent/The EnterpriseKim Brent / Kim Brent / The Enterprise
At West Orange-Stark, it all starts with defense. The Mustangs seem to dominate that side of the ball every season, often producing Division I talent in the process.
Carmello Jones embraced everything about West Orange-Stark's defensive "tradition." Entering his senior year, he wanted to be the next in a long line of Mustang defenders to make a name for themselves.
Jones did all that and more this fall on West Orange-Stark's defensive line, striking fear into opposing offenses throughout the 2021 season.
The Baylor University commit was the best player on the best defense in Southeast Texas, making Jones the perfect choice for the Beaumont Enterprise Super Gold Football Defensive Player of the Year.
"It's an honor to carry on the tradition of having a great defense," Jones said. "What makes us great is the work process and the coaches we have."
At 6-foot-2, 210 pounds, Jones is a defensive end prospect at the college level. However, he showed versatility this season, at times playing the defensive tackle spot, too.
Wherever Jones lined up, he caused problems for his opponent. His speed and length allowed him to get in the backfield with ease, recording 10 sacks, 11 tackles for loss and three forced fumbles this fall.
Jones continued his torrid pace in the playoffs, helping West Orange-Stark reach the Class 4A-II state quarterfinals. His best postseason game came in the area round against Jasper, when Jones dominated up front with two sacks and four tackles for loss.
Jones now looks forward to playing at the college level. He has verbally committed to Baylor, but will soon have to make an official college choice during the upcoming signing period.
No matter what the future holds, Jones will always be proud of leading the Mustangs defense during another impressive year.
"I just felt like we deserved it more than anyone else, so when I got on the field, I just kept that on my mind," Jones said.
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Matt Faye is a sports reporter and columnist for the Beaumont Enterprise.


"Yes. I need help…" How should I phrase the request?
I stared at him. He used the exact same words I had when talking to Cog. Did he overhear us?
"What? Did you expect me to say no?" His confusion seemed genuine.
"I'll see what I can do, and let you know during my next shift." He strode to the door.
On my way back to level two, I checked to see what I had netted in the laundry chute. A couple shirts, three pants, a handful of undergarments and a Pop Cop's uniform. I debated about the uniform as I sent the rest down. It could be a great disguise, but it also could be trouble. Did the Pop Cops keep track of their uniforms? Did they all recognize each other by sight? If a person wore a white kitchen uniform, I wouldn't know if they were scrub or spy. Postponing my decision, I rerigged the net and left the uniform within its black web.
I stopped at the cafeteria, pushing my way through the miasma of so many people gathered together. When I reached the serving scrub who had mentioned the clogged air shaft, I paused.
"Your problem is fixed," I said.
He made eye contact and resumed filling the bowls with food. But he squared his shoulders, stood a little straighter and the barest hint of a smile settled on his face. The image of his smile hovered in my mind. Even though we had a limited variety of food, the kitchen scrubs worked hard to cook meals for the rest of us.
Cogon had always thanked the servers, calling them by name as he moved through the line. I remembered being annoyed and impatient with him as he held up the rest of us who waited. Considering Cog's present situation, I regretted every harsh word I'd said to him.
I fought my way around filled tables, searching for a seat. Jacy and his buddies occupied an entire table. When I glanced back at them, Jacy patted the vacant seat next to him. Funny. There hadn't been an empty one there a second before.
Understanding the hint didn't mean I would take the hint, I hesitated, but couldn't produce a good reason to avoid him. I sat next to him.
"The microphones are working well. Thanks," Jacy said.
"No problem." I shoved a spoonful of green bean casserole into my mouth.
"We've already gotten a few nuggets of useful intelligence. Do you think you could install a few more?" His casual tone didn't match the intensity in his eyes.
His gaze slid over the mass of scrubs. I copied him, trying to see the people through his viewpoint. Clusters of miserable expressions dominated, but a few smiles and a couple of laughing faces stood out from the crowd.
"Sure." I ate a few more scoops of casserole. When I realized I hadn't even tasted the food, I slowed down and made a conscious effort to savor it. Not bad. Did the cooks change the recipe?
"What do you want in return?" he asked.
He waited, but I wasn't going to confirm nor deny his theory.
"You don't know who he is?" Jacy's face creased as if he smelled a rotten stench.


The Barz app helps users find a great time and meet people every time they go out.
By delivering real-time promotions, crowd information, and matching user preferences with bar activity, we eliminate the guess work when deciding where to go.
You control what bars can notify you by text or push messaging.
Know if any of your friends are at a bar, or search for any of your friends so you know where to party.
See the number of Barz subscribers at each bar and their photo before you go (If they let you).


I've been playing around with the idea of denim crazy quilt squares, since I have a huge pile of old jeans to do something with. The squares are still works in progress, but I made denim placemats in a crazy quilt design that I love! If you're not familiar with how to put crazy quilt squares together, see this past post.
1. Cut rectangles of backing fabric - I made my placemats 12 by 18 inches.
2. Sew your first piece of denim onto the center of the backing fabric. I use a larger stitch (not quite basting length - in between basting and regular) so it's easier to take off if I don't like where I put the pieces or if I end up putting them on the wrong way. Which happens every time I crazy quilt!
3. Add the rest of your pieces one at a time and pressing after each addition.
4. On the right side, sew on top of each seam with a decorative machine stitch.
5. Cut a piece of backing fabric, line up with the crazy quilted side, and baste the edges together. These placemats are reversible, so you can either back it with another crazy quilted piece or a coordinating fabric. I used the same white on white paisley print I made the bias tape from.
7. Finish the edges with bias tape. See this past post for how to make it yourself and how to attach it.
I enJOY using crazy for using up scraps. These place mats look great. I never have good luck with binding. I always skip stitches on the backside and my binder foot doesn't help. Wonder what I'm doing wrong? Thanks for sharing. Love your blog.
I'm not usually happy with how my binding looks when I totally machine sew it either, so I usually open it up, machine sew it to the edge, and then fold it over and hand sew it into place. See http://artthreads.blogspot.com/2010/08/wednesday-sewing-bias-tape.html down near the bottom for a better explanation.
I find it faster and easier to attach binding the "old-fashioned" way I learned it in high school. Open one side of double-fold binding, attach it first to the back only, then fold closed and over the front, topstitching close to the binding edge.
Trying to attach it to the back and front simultaneously just has too much going on to do it well and look nice. This only seems like it would take twice as long; it actually goes faster because you're dealing with only one thing at a time.
Yes I learned it that way, also - back when high schools still had home ec and sewing! I'd still rather hand sew the second edge (just personal preference, though) on most things. But, yes - that is another good option for attaching seam binding! Thanks!
Your list of materials needed says "*about yards of bias tape", with no amount needed. How much would you need if you were buying it ready made?
If you have a lining fabric, wouldn't it be easier to sew them together, right sides together, leave a small opening, and turn inside out? If you top stitched around the edge, that would close up the open seam.
Thank you for pointing out the bias tape yardage was missing! I can't figure out how that went unnoticed for 1 1/2 years! Yes - having a seamed edge is another way you could make this placemat. With the top fabric being denim, however, you might find the seam is pretty bulky. Basically it's just two different looks - I love the accent bias tape gives sewing projects, but if you don't you can do it the other way.
I have been spying on your posts now and again. This time decided to follow all the way :o) I just love these place mats.
I do have a question for you though, Do you by any chance have a sister named Aubrey? You look so familiar. I also recognized the last name :o). My name is , er, used to be Karen Jones, but since then I left have gotten married. I am from Hutchinson, Kansas but I moved to WA..
If so please do tell her I said hello.
I'd prefer it if the title read "What to do with moms old jeans". Not old moms jeans lol. But this might have been mentioned before.


TfL Rail runs from Paddington to Heathrow Airport and Liverpool Street to Shenfield. These sections will become parts of the Elizabeth line when it is completed. Many improvements are being made to get ready.
TfL Rail provides stopping services from Paddington to Heathrow Airport (Terminals 2&3 and Terminal 4 stations) via Hayes & Harlington.
Services from Paddington to Heathrow run every 30 minutes, with a journey time of about 35 minutes. Free shuttle services run from Terminals 2&3 to Terminal 5 with a journey time of 6 minutes.
Contactless, Oyster and Visitor Oyster cards are accepted on TfL Rail. A single adult pay as you go fare between Paddington and Heathrow is £10.50 during peak hours, and £10.10 at all other times. You may also benefit from daily capping.
When fully operational, the Elizabeth line will run directly from Heathrow Airport into central London stations including Bond Street, Liverpool Street and Canary Wharf.
Improvements to services and station facilities are well underway across the TfL Rail route.
Around 200 million passengers will travel on the Elizabeth line each year so the new stations need to cope with large numbers of passengers, be easy to navigate and accessible for everyone. Each of the ten new stations will have its own, distinct character, conceived by different architects which reflect the environment and heritage of the local area.
The eastern and western sections of the Elizabeth line route runs on the existing rail network between Liverpool Street and Shenfield, and Paddington to Heathrow, until the central section of the Elizabeth line opens. During this time a number of major upgrades are being carried out by Network Rail in preparation.
The Crossrail project will provide quicker, easier, more reliable journeys for customers. Thank you for your patience during all of this work.
A number of improvements are being delivered at Brentwood station in preparation for the new Elizabeth line services. Most of this work has now been completed.
We successfully refurbished the ticket office and waiting room in early 2017. The canopy glazing at the main entrance has been replaced and platform 4 gateline works have also been completed.
New seating has been put in on platforms.
We also redecorated inside and out and improved live travel information to help get your journey off to a good start.
A number of improvements are being delivered at Chadwell Heath station in preparation for the new Elizabeth line service.
By refurbishing the ticket hall, platform buildings and waiting room we've made the station brighter and more accessible, with new accessible toilets and ticket office windows. We also relocated the ticket gates to help make our staff more visible.
New digital screens in the ticket hall will make customer information easier to see.
We completed platform redecoration and added new platform shelters.
Remaining parts of the canopy on platforms 2 & 3 are being redecorated, and will be completed by end of June 2019.
A number of improvements are being delivered at Forest Gate station in preparation for the new Elizabeth line service.
The footbridge, ticket hall and ticket office have been refurbished.
Network Rail's work to upgrade the station is expected to be complete in spring 2019.
A number of improvements are being delivered at Gidea Park station in preparation for the new Elizabeth line service.
We recently refurbished the outside of the station building. We also improved the area around the car park entrance by refurbishing the cycling facilities and improving the landscaping and lighting around the entrance.
Once Network Rail finishes refurbishing the footbridge and installing the lift, customers will have step-free access to all platforms.
A number of improvements are being delivered at Goodmayes station in preparation for the new Elizabeth line service.
During this work, please use the temporary ticket office outside the station entrance on Goodmayes Road. Alternatively, use contactless payment or nearby Oyster ticket stops.
Improvements we're making until spring 2019 include refurbishing and redecorating platform buildings and canopies. We will also put in new platform shelters and seating.
A number of improvements are being delivered at Harold Wood station in preparation for the new Elizabeth line service.
The waiting room has recently been refurbished. We redecorated the walls, floors, door and windows, making it a more pleasant place to wait for your train.
Network Rail have also refurbished the toilets and provided new, accessible facilities.
Network Rail's work to provide step-free access at the station is expected to be complete in summer 2019. Improvements to the ticket hall are expected to be complete by winter 2019.
Until then, access to trains and tickets continues to be via the car park entrance on Station Road only.
Please take care on the extra 32 stairs, or take an eastbound train to Brentwood and change there to a westbound train. Alternatively, speak to a member of staff for advice.
During this time, there will be 81 car park spaces available. Season ticket holders and disabled space users can use alternative spaces. Other users may find it easier to use the car park at nearby Brentwood station.
Ilford station is being rebuilt, with a new station entrance, better ticket hall and new lifts. A new spacious, modern and bright station building on Cranbrook Road has been designed to stand out as a prominent building that is visible from the surrounding area.
new wayfinding signage and lighting.
We installed digital screens at the York Road entrance to make customer information easier to see.
We have male & female toilets on platforms and an accessible toilet in the ticket hall.
Network Rail is currently planning the major station rebuild for Ilford. It intends to put a build contractor in place and start getting the site ready by the end of 2018. The work should be complete when the Elizabeth line fully opens.
In the meantime, until winter 2018, we are making improvements which include refurbishing platform canopies, station toilets and building new platform shelters.
Manor Park station is undergoing a number of enhancements to facilitate the new Elizabeth line services, including new lifts, new signage, help points, customer information screens and CCTV.
We have completed the refurbishment and redecoration of the ticket office, installed new signage and refurbished the toilets.
A new permanent footbridge is now in use, and the entrance on Station Road has re-opened with new lifts that provide step-free access from street level to all platforms.
We're continuing to make improvements to the new permanent footbridge.
Maryland station is undergoing a number of enhancements to facilitate the new Elizabeth line services, including new lifts, new signage, help points, customer information screens and CCTV.
We recently installed new ticket gates at the station to help increase security and three new lifts have been installed providing step-free access to all platforms.
Romford station will benefit from a major station rebuild, with significant upgrades including improvements to the station façade, a better ticket hall and new lifts.
We completely remodelled the male and female toilets, with all new toilets, sinks and hand dryers. We moved the entrance to these facilities, and took the opportunity to redecorate the waiting room.
New seating has now been added on platforms.
A number of improvements are being delivered at Seven Kings station in preparation for the new Elizabeth line service, including new signage, help points, customer information screens and CCTV.
The brighter, more open ticket hall has been redecorated inside and out. The space now benefits from new accessible ticket office windows as well as improved customer information.
We installed digital screens in the ticket hall to make customer information easier to see.
A new footbridge and lifts are now available, providing step-free access from street level to all platforms.
New station signs, help points, customer information screens and CCTV.
In addition to the station improvements, new sidings have been constructed to the east of the station and significant track work has been carried out.
Network Rail has upgraded tracks, signalling and overhead lines, and built a new platform. These improvements will mean more reliable services across the line. They also make way for the new trains to run in and out of the brand new platform.
The western section of the Elizabeth line route will run on the existing rail network from Paddington to Heathrow and Reading.
A number of major upgrades are being carried out by Network Rail on this section of the route in preparation for the arrival of Elizabeth line services.
Acton Main Line station will benefit from major improvements as part of the plans to introduce the Elizabeth line.
Network Rail's improvement work is due to finish when the Elizabeth line fully opens.
A number of improvements have already been delivered by Network Rail in preparation for the new Elizabeth line service.
We have installed new benches on the platforms.
New canopy work is complete.
Network Rail is improving customer information, CCTV and lighting at this station. Work is due to finish when the Elizabeth line fully opens.
Ealing Broadway station will benefit from major improvements as part of the plans to introduce the Elizabeth line.
The new station will have a long, curved canopy running the length of the forecourt, the dated façade will be replaced with a new glass structure and a new entrance twice the size of the existing one will give the building a much larger, brighter feel.
Hanwell station will benefit from a number of improvements in preparation for the new Elizabeth line services.
From 8 April until end of May 2019, the entrance on Campbell Road will be closed. Customers will be able to access the station by following the signposted route to the entrance on Station Approach which is a 10 minute walk away.
Urban Realm work in the forecourt area by London Borough of Ealing.
Hayes & Harlington station will benefit from major improvements as part of the plans to introduce the Elizabeth line.
A new, bright, spacious ticket hall will provide a more welcoming environment for passengers and a range of other improvements will be made to the station.
Iver station will benefit from a number of improvements in preparation for Elizabeth line services.
Network Rail has improved CCTV.
A number of improvements are being delivered at Langley station in preparation for Elizabeth line services.
Network rail is also improving customer information and lighting.
Significant improvements are being delivered at Maidenhead station as part of the Crossrail programme.
The work is being carried out by Network Rail and is due to finish when the Elizabeth line fully opens.
Reading station requires relatively little work to prepare for the new Elizabeth line service.
A number of improvements are being delivered at Slough station as part of the Crossrail programme.
New signage, help points, customer information screens and CCTV.
The work is due to finish when the Elizabeth line fully opens.
Southall station will benefit from major improvements as part of the plans to introduce the Elizabeth line.
A new, bright, spacious ticket hall will provide a more welcoming environment for passengers and a new forecourt will reduce congestion at the entrance to the station.
Installing a new station information and security system.
We have installed new benches on the platforms. Network Rail has improved CCTV.
During this work, please use the temporary footbridge to reach platforms.
Twyford station requires relatively little work to prepare for the new Elizabeth line service.
Major improvements are being delivered at West Drayton station as part of the plans to introduce the Elizabeth line.
A new glass and steel extension will provide an additional entrance as well as a covered walkway between the existing building and a new footbridge. Three new lifts will provide step-free access to every platform.
West Ealing station will benefit from major improvements as part of plans to introduce the Elizabeth line.
A new, bright, spacious ticket hall will be constructed as part of the overhaul of the station. The glass and steel structure will let in natural light and will be surrounded by a large canopy.


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Learning Science Advisory Board
Dr. Robert S. Feldman
Senior Advisor to the Chancellor and Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Dr. Robert S. Feldman is Senior Advisor to the Chancellor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he is also Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences. He has served as Deputy Chancellor of the University, as well as Dean of the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences and Interim Dean of the College of Education. A winner of the College Distinguished Teacher award, he is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He also is past president of the Federation of Associations in Behavioral and Brain Sciences Foundation, which advocates for the social sciences.
Dr. Feldman has published extensively on how psychological factors impact educational practice. In addition to authoring numerous research articles, he edited Improving the First Year of College, which examines best practices that lead to student success, as well as the successor volume, The First Year of College: Research, Theory, and Practice on Improving the Student Experience and Increasing Retention, published by Cambridge University Press. In addition, he is the author of a best-selling series of books for college first-year students, as well as author of several introductory psychology texts. Alongside his interest in improving educational practice, he has written extensively on deception and self-presentation. His research has been supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Institute on Disabilities and Rehabilitation Research.
Published Articles & Research
Cognitive Demand and Self-Presentation Efforts: The Influence of Situational Importance and Interaction Goal
Self and Identity
Deflecting Threat to One's Image: Dissembling Personal Information as a Self-Presentation Strategy
Basic and Applied Social Psychology
The roles of personality and class size in student attitudes toward individual response technology
Computers in Human Behavior
Self-Presentation and Verbal Deception: Do Self-Presenters Lie More?


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Al Haig Day
July 19, 1922 – November 16, 1982
Groovin' High
Pianist Al Haig was born on July 19, 1922 in Newark, New Jersey.
After majoring in piano at Oberlin College, Haig moved to New York to play with bebop innovators Charlie Parker and Dizzie Gillespie.
He appeared on some of the earliest and most influential bebop recordings, including a series of Gillespie singles from 1945.
Haig fell into obscurity before a late-career revival in the 1970s, when his contribution to bebop's inception became recognized.
These sides were among the first in history to display a matured bebop style.
Haig would proceed to record with Charlie Parker and Stan Getz during the late '40s and early '50s.
In 1969 Al Haig was acquitted of a charge of murder after his third wife reportedly died from a fall down a flight of stairs.
Haig's account of the incident was later contested in his second wife Grange Rutan's 2007 book, "Death of a Bebop Wife."
Al Haig was invited to perform in Europe by Spotlite Records owner Tony Williams in 1974 recording the "Invitation"album for the label featuring Kenny Clarke on drums at tours end.
James Moody live television performance featuring Al Haig on piano.
James Moody – alto sax
Al Haig – piano
Ray Brown – bass
Kenny Clark – drums
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NextLullaby Of Birdland – 2015


I was searching for a Property and found this listing (MLS® #R2324033). Please send me more information regarding 35 Kelvin Grove Way, Lions Bay, BC, V0N 2E0. Thank you!
I'd like to request a showing of 35 Kelvin Grove Way, Lions Bay, BC, V0N 2E0 (MLS® #R2324033). Thank you!


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Home Rights
Female Australian music industry members take a stand against sexual harassment
Posted By: Editor 14 December 2017
Contributed from Victoria
Australian female musicians have taken a stand together against harassment in their industry.
This has taken the form of an online letter under the hash tag #meNOmore.The signatories include Courtney Barnett, Tina Arena and Sarah Blasko, Missy Higgins, The Veronicas' Jessica Origliasso, Isabella Manfredi, Jen Cloher and Clare Bowditch. In total 200 musicians, managers, lawyers, booking agents, records label employers and publicists have added their names.
Over 360 women who work in the Australian music industry, including musicians, managers, lawyers, booking agents, record label employees and publicists have added their names to the campaign, which came about after the #meToo campaign in the wider entertainment field.
The objective of the campaign is "to create a safe haven for people to share their stories and seek support around sexual harassment in the music industry. We'll be working with others in the Entertainment Industry to investigate claims of repeat offences and toxic workplaces. This will be done professionally and respectfully, and we will be taking our time to get this right".
It is hoped that it will lead to the spotlighting of perpetrators and pushing for greater accountability in the industry.
This is the letter.
In recent weeks, as Hollywood carried the torch of Tarana Burke's #MeToo movement and stories started breaking around the world, we found ourselves offering strength to our friends and colleagues who had their own stories to share – both publicly and in whispered circles. It's become clear that the magnitude of #MeToo extends to our own shores and to our own industry. Even the porn industry with many sites like https://www.hdpornvideo.xxx/ rolling with the #MeToo movement to support those victims of sexual abuse.
We are women who work in the Australian music industry. We are artists, musicians, managers, lawyers, booking agents, record label employees, publicists and more.
We all have our own stories, or know someone who does. We are not whingers or vibe-killers. We are passionate people dedicating our lives to music. In the face of uncountable discrimination, harassment, violence, and the general menace of sexist jargon, we have gritted our teeth and gotten on with the job. But today we say, no more.
Here are just some of the stories we've been able to share. They range from the tragic, to the horrific, to the every-day norm.
After winning awards at a national high school music competition I was recruited by an Australian musician to study with him. It turned out that I was to be groomed and sexually abused over many months. He told me that he selected girls for awards at the competition on the basis of their looks. The abuse triggered years of struggles with my mental health. I quit music years ago.
Working backstage for a huge international act, their tour manager looked me in the eyes and as he told the room there were only two types of women: bitches and sluts.
I have had managers of bands place their hands on my body when I was asking to interview the band, I've been groped multiple times in crowds. I've been told by members of a band that they wanted to "show me something" only to lead me into the bathroom and try to force themselves on me. I don't even like going to gigs anymore because I have been groped in crowds so much and when I say, "Why are you touching me" they gaslight me.
My first and only job interview in an attempt to get my foot in the door of the music industry was for a position at a booking agency. Before the interview began, the person in the current position asked me: 'So before we start this interview, we'd like you to know that we're looking for someone who is going to take this role seriously and not run off with one of our artists when they come in to town.'
My head has been pushed towards a colleague's crotch and held there despite me saying no.
When I was 18, a particular frontman took advantage of me, in a way that opened my eyes to see that the music industry isn't all that great. He was the frontman who after a show would force kiss you. He would text you saying come to this bar, gig, band and… he'd try having sex with you and when you'd say no, and he would say that "sex is just sex, it doesn't matter". I chose not to have sex with him, but I know a lot of 18 year old girls who would feel pressured into doing it. It was very manipulative. If women of that age want to express their sexuality and experiment then they will just go to websites like www.hdsexvideo.xxx to masturbate. You don't own these young women. Just because you're a frontman of a band, does not mean you are entitled to anything more than anyone else. This kind of person should not be allowed anywhere near the ladies that are found when you search escort Helsinki. Respect is the most important thing in all walks of life. You look after your fans and you be careful because you don't know where they'll end up working.
I am unable to reveal the details of my experience due to a confidentiality agreement which I was forced to sign.
One male manager would come into our offices to have meetings with my bosses, whilst sending me text messages about 'meeting up in the supply closet to make out' once the meeting was done. He constantly would put his arm around my waist at shows, occasionally pinch my bum at after parties and once snapchatted me a totally unsolicited nude picture of himself, comfortable in the fact we were 'close' and that his position of power with a band we represent would keep him safe.
I was at an industry conference dinner. It was the heads of companies in both not-for-profit and otherwise in the room. I, as the executive director of a company, sat next to a senior publisher who decided it was a great idea to grab the side of my butt cheek as I sat next to him. Then, in front of an entire table of other company directors he said, "Let me tell you how to talk to men, to get what you want".
I've been a musician all my life and wanted to be a DJ for as long as I can remember. When I was 18 I was hired for odd jobs in a nightclub. I made it clear to the booking/event manager that I wanted to be a DJ and get involved in the scene as much as possible. One Friday night he called me and said he was on his way home and asked if I wanted to hang out and chat about the possibility of mentoring me. This guy is a pretty big deal in the local electronic music scene and I appreciated that he was going to take the time to do that, so I said yes. He picked me up, but instead of going anywhere in particular we ended up in a deserted area pretty far from anywhere. He ended up forcing me to do sexual things to him. Afterwards, he told me that "he owes me one" and said if I ever wanted a gig then I could hit him up. He told me not to tell anyone and threatened that if I did, he would find out and make sure I never had a career as a musician. He then followed that by telling me that if I told anyone not only would I ruin my own life, but I would ruin his too.
A well-known music manager who has a wife and kids would constantly insist that I have sex with him. When I finally stood my ground, he stopped working with me and stopped talking to me.
After meeting at a festival, I was sent an unsolicited dick pic by a CEO even after declining his offer to come back to his office that was "very dark, had booze and cocaine".
I have been touched inappropriately, I have been made to stay at work functions until 3am to prove that I am 'part of the culture', I have been bullied by other females for receiving (unwanted) attention from senior male staff members, I've been made to feel like I'm strange for wearing long skirts or jeans at events, which I did to combat the hands that would creep up my skirt and the eyes that I would find on my legs. I have been laughed at for giving "an emotional response like a classic female" whilst giving feedback on music. I have been told that "women don't get promoted in this industry, deal with it and be happy that you even have a job."
Two years ago, my band released a single that found some success. But the more success we received, the more one of my male band mates became bitter, jealous, manipulative and verbally abusive towards me. He mocked my female musical idols, saying women were only successful because of the men they surrounded themselves with. He said the same was true of me. That without him, I was worthless. He criticised everything I did – my singing, my songwriting, my bass playing, my guitar playing, my "vanity" i.e. my desire to perform. By the end of our first tour, I was completely broken. I ended up having a mental breakdown. I tried to stand up for myself but by the end I was so exhausted. I just took it. And worse of all, I started to believe it. I still struggle with this lack of confidence. My other band mate, my partner at the time, didn't stand up for me. I don't why.
Together we say #meNOmore.
Together, we give a voice to these issues and demand zero tolerance for sexual harassment, violence, objectification and sexist behaviours. There is no place for sexual entitlement in the workplace and in our industry. Change starts today.
We have listened to our friends. We have names of perpetrators. We know the same names that are repeated in unrelated circles. It saddens us that the people who hold us in fear and keep us silenced are people we work with, people who many of us have aspired to work under, and people who some of us have known as friends. These people need to be held accountable.
To the men who support and work alongside us – you are a vital part of this conversation. Be kind, listen and act if you know of something happening. Stand beside us and call out those who let us all down and who hurt our friends.
To everyone who has a story to share, we hear you and this letter is for you to know that you are not alone.
To future workers of the Australian music industry – this is for you. We will continue to fight together so that one day, we can all work safely in a respectful, inclusive and supportive industry.
Finally, we want to thank our colleagues in the Swedish Music Industry who came forward with a powerful open letter that inspired us to do the same. In its honesty and precision, it relays an experience which is so often hard to pinpoint or qualify. We encourage you to read the full letter here.
Be the first to comment on "Female Australian music industry members take a stand against sexual harassment"


Justin Bieber Official 2019 Calendar - A3 Wall Calendar Format.
After being discovered by a talent manager on YouTube in 2008, Justin Bieber has become one of the most well-known and powerful celebrities of today. He has sold an estimated 140 million records, making him one of the world's best-selling music artists, and he even became the second person to reach 100 million followers on Twitter in August 2017 after Katy Perry.
This official calendar is his hottest ever, featuring 12 stunning images of the Canadian singer, songwriter and actor. So, if you are a true Belieber then this official Justin Bieber 2019 Wall Calendar is definitely for you.
Don't hesitate to order your Justin Bieber Official 2019 Calendar today with same day dispatch on order placed before 2pm (Monday - Friday). Also, receive FREE UK standard Delivery and Worldwide delivery also available.


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MISSION & VISIONSTAFF, BOARD, COMMITTEES, INTERNSHIPSPOLICIES, PLANS, FINANCIALSDONATE
ARTS CALENDARCREATIVE PLACEMAKING SUMMITCREATIVE MIXERS/WINE AROUNDSHOLIDAY GLITTER & AWARDSCREATIVE EXCHANGEARTS NIGHT OUTSMARTS PROGRAM
GRANTSARTIST EXHIBIT WALLBILLBOARD PROJECTYOUNG CREATIVES517 ART SEARCHADVOCACYEDUCATIONCONSULTING SERVICESGUIDES TO THE ARTS
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Arts calendarCreative mixers/wine aroundsCreative placemaking summitHoliday Glitter & Awardsarts night outCreative Exchange
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Sean Lyons, Untitled--A Man and His Icons from Religious to Pop
Sean Lyons, Untitled
A Man and His Icons from Religious to Pop
The Arts Council is excited to welcome a new artist to our Member Exhibit Wall. During the months of July and August we are featuring the work of Sean Lyons who paints mythological, religious and pop culture figures, exploring their commonalities and dichotomies.
Sean's work also explores consumerism, communication and fandom in today's culture. Bursting with vivid color and detailed imagery, each piece of Sean's work is an unexpected surprise, where Kung Fu masters, the Simpsons and Mystery Science Theater collide. His exhibit and the works in it have no titles, leaving the naming and the experience to the consumer.
Giant robots and Kiss
Lansing born and raised, Sean has enjoyed making art since he was very young and has always had an affinity for interesting characters. When asked about his early years as an artist, Sean recalls his first foray into artmaking. "I illustrated and wrote two picture books, I still have them somewhere," he says. "One is about giant robots, and the other is about the rock band Kiss. Although I had not heard their music, I was taken in by their image which was everywhere at the time."
Oil and acrylic
As an a adult, Sean took his art interest to Michigan State University where he graduated in 1997 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts. His focus was largely painting, but he also studied graphic design. Today he produces works on canvas using acrylic paint, but he started in oil and has experimented in gold leaf and other materials as well. "I have always been fond of painting," he says."I'm attracted to its immediacy and strength of color. I especially like acrylic it's much easier to clean, and I enjoy its plastic nature and minimal drying time.
Tibetan and pop
Sean's current work is heavily influenced by Asian religious painting such as Tibetan Thankga and Buddhist art, which he then filters through a comic book lens, incorporating design elements as well as characters such as Marvel superheros, Yoda and Frankenstein. Last year a piece of Sean's work was exhibited in Art Prize, and he is excited to be exhibiting again this year. His show at the Arts Council, however, is his first ever exhibit of a complete body of work, an experience that leaves him both humbled and proud.
Sean and Pikachu
One fan he is most sure of is his three-year-old daughter Mia who shares an affinity for many of the characters that appear in Sean's work. When asked which of his character representations is most like him, he ponders a minute. "Hmmm, there are so many." But in the end, Pikachu wins. "Pikachu is always trying to be the best–he is also loyal, determined, compassionate and somewhat particular," says Sean. "Plus, my daughter loves him, too."
Canvas and totem poles
Beside his love for painting and Pokemon, Sean also dabbles in building models and amateur robotics, something he would like to incorporate into his work in the future. "I would love to work in 3D sculpture," he says."I have visions of someday being able to carve totem poles or ceremonial masks. I'd also like to expand my experience in 3D-printing.
Free-time and focus
When he has the time, Sean enjoys playing video games and making music, but says he doesn't have much time these days to devote to those interests, "Lately my free time is pretty limited, and focusing on my painting is really important to me in this phase of my life." He also is big on the arts and culture scene in Lansing. "I love to see how much it has grown since I first started seeking it out," he says. "I really look forward to seeing that continue. It's very exciting."
Going to Art Prize? You can find Sean's work at The Bitter End coffee shop on Fulton St. near Grand Valley.
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How to identify and treat snake bites
Last reviewed	 Fri 14 December 2018	 Last reviewed	Fri 14 Dec 2018
By Jamie Eske
Reviewed by Alana Biggers, MD, MPH
Identifying snakes
When to see a doctor
Snake bites are not common in the United States, where they are very rarely fatal. Not all species of snake are venomous. Knowing which snake has bitten a person will help with treatment.
The injuries that snake bites can cause range from mild to severe, but the chance of dying from one in the U.S. is virtually zero. People can usually survive venomous snake bites if they seek immediate medical attention.
All snake bites require medical attention, even if the snake is nonvenomous. Proper wound care can help prevent infection and limit how severe the injury becomes.
It is vital never to assume that a snake is nonvenomous without first consulting an expert. The misclassification of snake species could be fatal.
In this article, we discuss snake bite symptoms and explain how to identify venomous and nonvenomous snakes in the U.S. We also cover treatment and first aid for snake bites.
Fast Facts:
About 7,000–8,000 people get venomous snake bites in the U.S. each year, but only five of them die as a result.
All venomous snakes in North America are either pit vipers or coral snakes. The vast majority of venomous bites are from pit vipers, and 50 percent of these are from rattlesnakes.
Snakes will not bite humans unless they feel threatened, so leaving them alone is the best strategy for preventing a bite.
Dead snakes can still bite, so avoid handling any snake in the wild.
Symptoms of snake bites
Symptoms of a venomous snake bite can include swelling, pain, redness, and bruising around the bite area.
Image credit: Bunny Jager, 2008
Usually, people know right away if a snake has bitten them. However, these animals can strike quickly and disappear before people have time to react.
Most snake bites can cause pain and swelling around the bite. Those that are venomous may also cause fever, a headache, convulsions, and numbness. However, these symptoms can also occur due to intense fear following the bite.
Bites can cause an allergic reaction in some people, which may include anaphylaxis.
All venomous snakes can deliver dry bites, which are bites that do not inject venom. They do this because they have limited venom stores, so they save venom where possible. According to estimates, 20–25 percent of pit viper bites and 50 percent of coral snake bites are dry bites.
Below, we discuss the symptoms of venomous and nonvenomous snake bites in more detail.
Symptoms of venomous snake bites
Venomous snakes have two fangs that deliver venom when they bite. A venomous snake bite will usually leave two clear puncture marks. In contrast, a nonvenomous bite tends to leave two rows of teeth marks.
It can be difficult to tell the difference between puncture wounds from venomous and nonvenomous snakes. People should seek medical attention for all snake bites.
The typical symptoms of a venomous snake bite include:
two puncture wounds
swelling and pain around the bite area
redness and bruising around the bite area
numbness of the face, especially in the mouth
Symptoms of nonvenomous snake bites
Nonvenomous snakes do not produce toxins. Unlike venomous snakes, they do not have fangs. Instead, they have rows of teeth.
Some symptoms of nonvenomous snake bites include:
pain near the bite area
swelling and redness near the bite area
itching near the bite area
Without treatment, nonvenomous bites can lead to skin infections and necrosis, or tissue death, so it is essential to look after the wound. Bites can also cause allergic reactions in some people.
How to identify venomous snakes
Although most snakes in the U.S. are not venomous, several types of snake are. People should treat all snake bites as though the snake were venomous and seek immediate medical attention.
There are two primary groups of venomous snake in the U.S.:
pit vipers (Crotalinae), which include rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths
coral snakes (Elapidae)
Within the groups, venomous snakes often have similar features, such as a triangular head (pit vipers), bright colors (coral snakes), or a rattle (rattlesnakes).
People can identify pit vipers by looking for a small depression, or pit, sitting between the eye and nostril on both sides of the head. This pit contains a heat-sensing organ that many nonvenomous snakes do not have.
The following sections describe how to identify venomous snakes in the U.S.
It is easy to identify rattlesnakes by the segmented rattle on the end of their tails. Rattlesnakes use their rattles to scare off predators.
There are many different species of rattlesnake in the U.S., and they vary in size and appearance. However, they all have relatively heavy bodies and diamond-shaped heads.
Species of rattlesnake that live in North America include:
prairie rattlesnakes
sidewinders
North American massasauga
pygmy rattlesnakes
Rattlesnakes live in a diverse range of habitats, including prairies, deserts, and forests, and they prefer warmer climates. People may see rattlesnakes sunbathing on rocks or burrowed in the shade of bushes.
Rattlesnake bite: What you should know
In this article, we take a closer look at rattlesnake bites.
Cottonmouth or water moccasin
Cottonmouth snakes, or water moccasins, get their name from the white, cotton-like appearance of the inside of their mouths.
They are around 50–55 inches long and either dark brown or black. Sometimes, these snakes have very faint crossbands on their bodies. Young cottonmouth snakes have very distinctive orange and yellow crossband patterns.
Cottonmouth snakes are mainly present in southeastern states, such as Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi. They spend most of their lives in or around water. These snakes do not scare easily, and they can attack underwater.
Although these snakes are more aggressive than other species, they only strike when they feel threatened and will flee if they have the chance.
Their venom is incredibly toxic because it breaks down blood cells and prevents blood from clotting. Bites from a cottonmouth can cause:
extreme pain
hemorrhaging
tissue damage
Coral snake
Coral snakes belong to the Elapidae family. They have alternating black, yellow, and red bands along their bodies.
People often confuse the coral snake with the nonvenomous king snake, but their patterns consist of different arrangements of colored bands. The coral snake has red bands with yellow rings surrounding them, while the king snake has black rings surrounding red bands.
Coral snakes typically live in southern states, such as Texas and the Carolinas. They prefer wooded and marshy habitats.
Coral snakes have neurotoxic venom, which affects nerve tissue and disrupts the communication pathways between the brain and other parts of the body.
Copperhead snakes are fairly large, heavy-bodied snakes, which range in length from around 24 to 40 inches. They have triangular heads and vertical pupils. Their bodies are tan or brown with darker hourglass-shaped bands along them.
Copperhead snakes mainly live in central and eastern states, but they are absent from most of Florida and south-central Georgia.
These snakes prefer forested areas and often make their home in rocky areas. Some live in marshy areas near rivers. Copperhead snakes are not aggressive.
How to treat snake bites
People should get medical attention for all snake bites. On receiving a bite, a person can use first aid to improve their condition.
If someone gets a snake bite, they should take the following steps while awaiting medical attention:
call 911 immediately
gently wash the area with soap and water if possible
remove tight clothing or jewelry because the area around the bite is likely to swell
keep the bite area below the heart if possible
do not attempt to catch or kill the snake
If a doctor suspects that someone has received a bite from a venomous snake, they will give them antivenom medication. It helps if the person knows which species of snake bit them, as different snake bites require different types of antivenom.
There are many misconceptions about first aid for snake bites. The following list describes what to avoid doing after a snake bite:
do not cut into the bite wound
do not wrap a cloth above the wound to restrict blood flow
do not apply ice to the wound
do not suck the venom from the wound
do not use a suction device to remove venom
do not give a person medication unless a healthcare professional gives this instruction
People who receive bites from venomous snakes should call 911 and move to the nearest medical facility immediately. A healthcare professional will perform a physical examination and use diagnostic tests to determine the best course of treatment.
Where possible, a doctor will give the person a specific antivenom. The antivenom will depend on the type of snake responsible for the bite.
If the bite comes from a nonvenomous snake, a person should still seek medical attention to receive proper wound care and prevent infection.
Preventing snake bites
In most cases, snake bites are preventable. Snakes are not aggressive toward humans unless they feel threatened, and they will attempt to flee before biting a human.
People can usually avoid snake bites by doing the following:
avoiding handling snakes in the wild
staying away from places where there may be snakes, such as areas with tall grass, shrubs, or piles of rocks
wearing boots, thick pants, and gloves at all times when working outdoors
giving a snake room to get away if one appears
avoiding trying to kill or capture a snake
Snake bites are rarely fatal as long as people receive proper medical attention. Most snake bites cause localized pain and swelling. The symptoms of snake bites vary depending on the species of snake and whether or not their bite contained venom.
Very few snakes are aggressive, and most snakes will avoid humans. Snakes only attack in self-defense, so people should not attempt to interact with these animals in the wild. If someone comes into contact with a snake, they should back away slowly, giving the snake enough space to retreat.
People should never assume that a snake is nonvenomous as the misidentification of snake species can be fatal. If someone does get a snake bite, they should remain calm and call 911 immediately. Even nonvenomous snake bites require proper wound care to prevent infection.
All you need to know about spider bites Which spiders are dangerous? Find out why spiders sometimes bite humans, the signs to look out for, and remedies for spider bites. Read now
Hobo spider bite: What you need to know The hobo spider is a type of funnel-building spider. It is not usually aggressive unless provoked. Learn more about hobo spider bites. Read now
How to treat and prevent chigger bites A chigger is a form of mite that feeds on human skin cells. Although they are so small that the naked eye cannot see them, chiggers can inflict extremely itchy bites that can last up to a week without treatment. Here we look at how to avoid getting bitten as well as how to recognize and treat any existing bites. Read now
Bed bug bites: What you need to know Bed bugs are small, parasitic insects that feed on human blood. They often bite humans during the night or early morning when people are asleep. While they don't carry disease, they can cause irritation, sores, and itchiness that might prevent a good night's sleep. Learn how to identify, control, and prevent bed bugs. Read now
What happens after a black widow spider bite? The black widow spider rarely bites people, but when it does, its venom can cause an unpleasant reaction. It is not usually fatal, but it can be dangerous to children, older people, and during pregnancy. Find out how to recognize the spider, its bite, and the symptoms. Read now
Dermatology Emergency Medicine Public Health
Article last reviewed by Fri 14 December 2018.
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Chippaux, J.-P. (2017, June 21). Incidence and mortality due to snakebite in the Americas. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11(6). Retrieved from https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005662#abstract0
Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) — venomous. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://srelherp.uga.edu/snakes/agkcon.htm
Frequently asked questions about venomous snakes. (2012, May 2). Retrieved from http://ufwildlife.ifas.ufl.edu/venomous_snake_faqs.shtml
Hifumi, T., Sakai, A., Kondo, Y., Yamamoto, A., Morine, N., Ato, M., … Kuroda, Y. (2015, April 1). Venomous snake bites: Clinical diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Intensive Care, 3(1), 16. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4393627/
North American Crotalus (rattlesnake venoms). (2015, October 19). Retrieved from https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+8240
Spyres, M. B., Ruha, A.-M., Seifert, S., Onisko, N., Padilla-Jones, A., & Smith, E. A. (2016, December). Occupational snake bites: A prospective case series of patients reported to the Toxic North American Snakebite Registry. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 12(4), 365–369. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5135670/
Venomous Snakes. (2018, May 31). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/snakes/
Wallach, V. (2018, October 8). Rattlesnake. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/animal/rattlesnake
Eske, Jamie. "How to identify and treat snake bites." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 14 Dec. 2018. Web.
Eske, J. (2018, December 14). "How to identify and treat snake bites." Medical News Today. Retrieved from
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Lights In The Woods » Blog Archive » Party pics!
Some pictures from the LITW Christmas mash up.
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