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Apr. 02, 2014 | 12:47 AM
Resurgent Man United hold Bayern
Bayern Munich's Bastian Schweinsteiger (L) scores against Manchester United's David de Gea (2R) during their Champions League quarter-final first leg soccer match at Old Trafford in Manchester, April 1, 2014.(REUTERS/Stefan Wermuth)
Tom Williams| Agence France Presse
A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Daily Star on April 02, 2014, on page 15.
Nemanja Vidic
David Moyes
Danny Welbeck
Alexander Buttner
Thomas Mueller
Mario Mandzukic
Underperforming Manchester United produced a vastly improved display to hold defending champions Bayern Munich to a 1-1 draw in the home leg of their Champions League quarterfinal Tuesday.
Bayern midfielder Bastian Schweinsteiger canceled out Nemanja Vidic's opener but was then sent off in the dying stages to give United extra hope ahead of next week's return leg in Munich.
Schweinsteiger equalized nine minutes later, but United managed to preserve their unbeaten home record in this season's competition.
The draw prevented Bayern from setting a new Champions League record of eight successive away wins, but Pep Guardiola's side will nonetheless be favorites to progress ahead of the return game in Munich.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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MANILA - Bracing for life after Brexit, U.okay. hospitals badly necessity more nurses fancy Filipino Jobie Escalona. however she twice flunked the English language gape at various it's required to gain there, by which she became asked to keep in writing about theme matters such because the deserves of immigration and computer education in school.
With three years adventure in a non-public clinic in Manila, 23-yr-historic Escalona lost pretty much 3 months' salary paying almost $600 to sit the overseas English Language gape at various system (IELTS) checks.
fed up, she become able to submission on the U.k. and check out Canada — one among a pair of other international locations in necessity of nurses — unless her father persuaded her to retract the gape at various a third time.
"i was already dropping hope," she mentioned. finally, in January last yr, she handed, having eventually bought a realm she felt relaxed writing about in the tough written component of the verify.
however, her tortuous adventure doesn't bode smartly for the U.ok.'s probabilities of correctly filling the alarming staffing gaps in its fitness confidence functions.
With Brexit looming, the supply of nurses from European Union nations has basically dried up, with lots going domestic. And of the various alien nationalities employed in the U.k., Filipinos produce up a major number.
The U.okay. is already facing a shortage of forty,000 nurses, and as soon as it leaves the eu, if that ever occurs, the cavity could widen to 50,000 — ample to group of workers more than forty wee to medium-sized hospitals — in response to a report commissioned through the Cavendish Coalition, a bunch of fitness and convivial confidence companies.
The staffing crisis is increasing the U.ok.'s dependency on hiring from affordable countries fancy India and the Philippines, the station English is generally spoken, yet the language examine has proved to breathe a tremendous obstacle.
Philippine recruitment difficult Louis alien Manpower capabilities has received 1,000 job orders for nurses considering the fact that 2015.
Run by route of the British Council, IDP training and Cambridge evaluation, the IELTS examine gauges candidates' potential to talk, pay attention, examine and write, and is used by route of employers world wide.
Questions within the tutorial written belt asks candidates to write short essays on several subjects. Examples given on the IELTS website blanketed decoding graphs on changes in radio and television audiences, and gender variations between full and part-time college students, and discussing the pros and cons of nuclear technology or of regulating motor vehicle ownership.
Febin Cyriac, a company evolution manager at Envertiz Consultancy, a U.k. health confidence recruitment company that focuses on bringing in nurses from remote places, each and every started a petition on trade.org in 2014 that asked U.k. regulators to chill out their IELTS scores.
Working as a nurse himself, Cyriac stated there are an outstanding number of Indian or Filipino nurses with many years of event working in the U.k., but who are handiest working as coadjutant nurses within the national fitness service (NHS) and nursing homes.
Late closing year, the circulate brand for the writing belt changed into decreased, but there are no immediate plans to produce further adjustments to the test necessities, pointed out Andrea Sutcliffe, Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Chief government and Registrar.
"we will continue to cautiously monitor the impact of the coincident alterations. This change is a participate of a much wider review of their faraway places registration procedures aimed toward making it less difficult and consumer-pleasant for individuals with the correct potential and capabilities to breathe participate of their register in a timely way," Sutcliffe pointed out.
there is an Occupational English verify (OET), extra proper to scientific authorities, that international nurses can take. in the event that they circulate that verify they might nonetheless should sit down the IELTS, but they would breathe eligible for a diminish flood mark. The OET is more towering priced, however, making it unattractive for low paid nurses.
A London-primarily based recruitment company visited Manila lately to find nurses for Cambridge institution, East Surrey and Royal Cornwall Hospitals, while there believe besides been recent hiring drives for clinic trusts in Oxford, Hull and Dudley.
Filipino nurses who had been recruited in the Nineteen Nineties did not should retract the language tests, yet they're nevertheless within the NHS and proposing pleasant service, referred to Reydeluz Conferido, who became except currently the labor attache to the Philippine Embassy in London.
while there, Conferido known as on U.ok. officers to review the requirements placed on overseas nurses to gape whether they believe been serving the preempt purpose or developing an artificial barrier.
"in case you in reality wish these nurses, you could possibly achieve whatever about your requirements," he stated.
MANILA--Bracing for life after Brexit, British hospitals badly necessity greater nurses fancy Filipino Jobie Escalona, but she twice flunked a mandatory English language gape at various that requested her to jot down up the deserves of immigration and computing device training in faculty.
bored to death, she was ready to quit on Britain and check out Canada, certainly one of a pair of other nations wanting nurses, until her father persuaded her to retract the gape at various a third time.
"i used to breathe already dropping hope," she instructed Reuters. ultimately, in January remaining year, she handed, having eventually bought a belt she felt relaxed writing about in the complicated written component of the gape at various.
requested to evaluate team and individual activities, Escalona had wee situation: "i was capable of relate to it as a result of i am a swimmer."
With Brexit looming, the give of nurses from European Union nations has pretty much dried up, with plenty going domestic. And of the numerous alien nationalities employed in Britain, Filipinos made up the largest quantity, with 10,719, in line with a parliamentary paper.
Britain is already dealing with a scarcity of forty,000 nurses, and once it leaves the ecu, if it ever occurs, the cavity could widen to 50,000, ample to personnel greater than forty wee to medium-sized hospitals, in response to a record commissioned with the aid of the Cavendish Coalition, a group of fitness and convivial confidence groups.
The staffing crisis is expanding Britain's dependency on hiring from competitively priced nations fancy India and the Philippines, where English is widely spoken, yet the language gape at various has proved to breathe a tremendous obstacle.
Philippine recruitment enterprise Louis alien Manpower features has acquired 1,000 job orders for nurses considering that 2015.
"It is not on account of the inability of purposes, however the English gape at various," illustrious Lilibeth Villas, documentation officer at the company. "we've applicants who believe been interviewed in 2015, however they believe not handed the gape at various yet."
Questions within the tutorial written belt asks candidates to keep in writing brief essays on distinctive subjects. Examples given on the IELTS website protected interpreting graphs on adjustments in radio and tv audiences, and gender variations between full and half-time college students, and discussing the execs and cons of nuclear technology and of regulating car possession.
Many candidates obviously locate the weighty theme matters too daunting.
Febin Cyriac, a commerce edifice supervisor at Envertiz Consultancy, a British fitness-care recruitment enterprise that makes a speciality of bringing in nurses from alien places, begun a petition in exchange.org in 2014 that asked U.okay. regulators to chill out their IELTS scores.
Working as a nurse himself, Cyriac pointed out there are a pleasant number of Indian or Filipino nurses with a long time of sustain working in Britain, but who're simplest working as coadjutant nurses in the country wide fitness carrier (NHS) and nursing homes.
nonetheless, the variety of Filipinos in the NHS has risen by route of just about a third in the closing two years, in response to British government figures.
Late remaining 12 months, the pass brand for the writing section became diminished, however there are not any instant plans to produce further changes to the examine necessities, mentioned Andrea Sutcliffe, Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Chief government and Registrar.
"we will proceed to cautiously display screen the impact of the coincident changes. This trade is participate of a much wider overview of their remote places registration techniques geared toward making it more convenient and user-friendly for people with the correct knowledge and competencies to breathe participate of their register in a well timed approach," Sutcliffe spoke of.
there is an Occupational English examine (OET), greater proper to clinical specialists, that overseas nurses can take. if they stagger that test they'd still believe to retract a seat the IELTS, however they would breathe eligible for a diminish stagger mark. The OET is more expensive, despite the fact, making it unattractive for low paid nurses.
A London-based mostly recruitment company visited Manila currently to locate nurses for Cambridge institution, East Surrey and Royal Cornwall Hospitals, while there believe additionally been coincident hiring drives for health focus trusts in Oxford, Hull and Dudley.
"There are a lot of markets for their Filipino nurses," Olalia referred to, including that it turned into understandable if they took jobs in places the station the requirements had been more straightforward to satisfy.
Filipino nurses who had been recruited within the Nineteen Nineties didn't believe to retract the language exams, yet they're nonetheless in the NHS and featuring pleasant service, stated Reydeluz Conferido, who became until lately the labor attache to the Philippines embassy in London.
while there, Conferido called on British officials to assessment the necessities placed on faraway places nurses to gape whether or not they believe been serving the correct aim or growing a synthetic barrier.
"in case you definitely want these nurses, you can achieve something about your requisites," he stated.
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Brexit has keep claim for overseas healthcare workers, including occupational health (OH) and occupational therapy (OT), firmly in the spotlight. But whatever their future relationship with Europe, the necessity for alien national healthcare specialists is unlikely to fade away, and an alternative language test for gauging English fluency, the Occupational English Test, is gaining in popularity. Debbie Rogers explains what it offers.
For many years, the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) has been the preferred qualification to assess the preempt level of English for overseas staff and students who live and work in the UK. It is used by universities and organisations such as the NHS to ensure effectual and fluent communication takes station in English-speaking environments.
However, whilst IELTS is useful for testing generic and academic English, it doesn't address English language competence in specific work environments, such as medicine, where context is vital.
That is why from April last year, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) and the generic Medical Council (GMC), among other organisations, accepted the Occupational English Test (OET) as an alternative proof of fluency, on a par with IELTS for professional registration and visa purposes.
In fact, OET is no more or less difficult than IELTS. But its edge is that it is contextualised to specific professions. So, for example, an exam that tests English skills in a intimate medical setting is (according to my students at any rate) much more preempt and useful for both the health practitioner and the patient.
OET covers 12 medical professions, from doctors and nurses to pharmacists, physiotherapists and radiographers. fancy the IELTS, it examines each and every four essential skills – reading, writing, speaking and listening. However, each and every of these skills are tested in the context of medical/healthcare work.
Therefore, for nurses, the writing participate of the exam would consist of, say, writing a discharge note to a GP. This would test the candidate's competence to exhaust preempt language, comprehend the stimulus (in this case patient notes), exhaust accurate grammar and vocabulary, spelling, punctuation, etc.
The speaking participate of the OET uses typical workplace interactions with patients, assessing the healthcare professional's competence to talk clearly and fluently with preempt language and grammar. It besides tests how well the candidate can build a relationship with the patient, give and accumulate preempt information, and how their exhaust of language enables them to understand the patient's perspective.
Listening skills are tested by answering questions on patient/doctor consultations, medical lectures, patient handovers and so on. The aim is to ensure the candidate can understand, interpret and record particular information, as well as comprehend views, attitudes and overall gist.
Reading usually uses work-based texts such as patient notes, policy documents, workplace updates/memos, medical journals, medical studies and industry magazines. Health professionals are expected to breathe able to understand comprehensive texts, infer meaning, read for gist and purpose, and extract main points and details.
The UK is commonly thought of as having one of the most highly regarded health confidence systems around the world, and it has always been towering on the list of "go-to" employers for overseas staff. Whilst the onset of Brexit has slightly dampened enthusiasm for working in the UK, thankfully medical and healthcare professionals continue to work throughout the British Isles, and recruitment is still relatively easy.
As a career-based English language test, the OET marks a sea-change in the workplace. alien national healthcare specialists are very much in demand, and that claim is likely to remain for the foreseeable future.
Now that the NMC and other professional bodies accept OET certification, OH professionals who believe struggled to pass IELTS are likely to feel more confident when they retract the OET. For OH recruiters, this will besides dramatically widen the pool of talent available and give them access to more candidates who can communicate well in the workplace.
Healthcare professionals can retract the test in 16 venues across the UK, from Scotland to Devon, and tests are usually held once a month.
At present, however, few colleges and training providers offer OET preparation classes. It is habitual for employers to expend some of their education and induction budget on providing an in-house course, either over a few months or intensively over a few weeks.
The Occupational English Test provides a list of test venues and dates, as well as external course providers who believe either completed, or are currently undergoing the official OET teaching programme.
As well as in-house training, many providers besides work online and/or on a wee group/one-to-one basis, providing a blended learning programme. You can besides find a list of preparation providers here.
Of course, these providers aren't the only sources of OET preparation. But they believe been "rubber stamped" by the official examining cadaver as providing comprehensive preparation courses.
Although the OET is more expensive than IELTS (around £330 per candidate as opposed to approximately £200), employers should retract into account the likelihood that candidates may pass OET more quickly than repeated attempts at IELTS because of its specific professional context.
Take-up of the OET is growing rapidly as employers recognise value of OET in ensuring patient safety and trait of care, as well as effectual communication and fluency.
Therefore, if as an employer, recruiter or an OH professional running your own consultancy and you are considering employing overseas OH staff, it may breathe worth looking seriously at OET as an alternative to IELTS for registration/visa purposes for your overseas employees.
Using the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) to test things other than the English readiness of international students commencing study or training, which is what it was designed to do, is problematic. The selfsame can breathe said of tests fancy TOEFL iBT, which were built for academic purposes, and should only breathe used in that way.
Take driver's licences for example. Compare a car, bus and motorcycle license: they each and every believe the selfsame road rules in common, but passing a car driver's test doesn't automatically qualify you to handle a motorcycle or drive a bus. Tests of English are similar. They often believe basic commonalities, such as the road rules of grammar and basic vocabulary, but the test focus and purpose varies.
The test was created in 1989 in response to Australia opening its tertiary sector to international students. It was first used in 1999 for skilled migration. In 2001, it was used for generic Australian migration. Language testing to gain professional registration was already established by this time.
Improvement on lower scores is usually much easier to achieve than at higher levels. The application needed to better in English from one to two is much easier to develop than that for six to seven.
IELTS Academic and IELTS generic Training differs in the writing and reading sub-tests. The listening and speaking sub-tests are the same. The academic reading sub-test is based on three long complex texts and the writing sub-test involves writing a formal essay and writing about information in a chart/diagram. The generic training reading sub-test is based on everyday written materials (such as newspapers, brochures, advertisements), and the writing sub-test involves writing a note and writing an essay using a personal style.
For example, currently in the UK, overseas nursing recruitment has halted because native English-speaking nurses are failing IELTS. The first problem is that IELTS was not meant to test health confidence communication. It focuses on topics that believe nothing to achieve with nursing, such as bee communication or pagoda construction.
Unsurprisingly, the more preempt Occupational English Test is now being considered. It's surprising the Occupational English Test hasn't become the sole test used for healthcare registration, and other poor-fitting tests such as IELTS and TOEFL iBT haven't already been removed as alternate accrediting options. The Occupational English Test is the only purpose-built test for the health confidence profession.
The second problem is IELTS was not meant for native English-speakers, who are expected to believe much different linguistic skill sets to non-native speakers. This is because non-native speakers acquire English differently, more through reading and writing, and believe different skills, fancy extensive English testing experience. On the other hand, native speakers believe a lifetime of sustain in English (acquired about five years of speaking and listening before learning to read and write), but less sustain in being tested for their English.
IELTS doesn't test for knowledge of the slang, idioms, and phrasal verbs a patient will exhaust regularly. Jargon and culturally-specific materials are edited out before each IELTS test is released, yet a native speaker would easily ace a test that contained those elements. A non-native speaker would struggle.
Now the government is proposing to tighten the English language requirement to screen certain types of migrants, such as refugees, for citizenship. They would require an IELTS score of six, but it's unclear whether they will breathe using IELTS Academic or IELTS generic Training which is much easier to pass.
The IELTS organisation has not officially disapproved of the exhaust of the test beyond its original purpose. It comments on recommendation test scores for study, but is reticent on its exhaust for migration or work purposes. But, at least one of the IELTS original designers has openly objected to it.
We should find alternatives which might better test proficiency for each specific purpose. This could comprehend successfully completing an English course, looking at alternative tests which focus on generic proficiency (no academic component), or edifice a new test.
Most people who retract the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) exam achieve not gain more than two months to prepare. IELTS consists of three written tests (Listening, Reading, and Writing; 2 hours and 40 minutes in all) and a speaking test, where you countenance an interviewer for 11-14 minutes. Also, IELTS offers you two options: the Academic module and the generic Training module. If you weren't confident which one to take, check with the authorities who you are interacting with in your quest to study / work abroad. produce confident you achieve not prepare for the wrong module!
Second, IELTS results are given in troupe Scores from 1 to 9 for each test, besides an overall score. A candidate who scores 9 is an expert user with "fully operational command of the language." For lower bands, the requirements are progressively lighter. Often, a university stipulates that candidates should score say, 7.5 overall, and minimum 7 in each test. Therefore, you must find out what scores you should aim at.
Next, achieve some research online. The IELTS is jointly owned by Cambridge University, the British Council, and IDP Australia. fade to their websites and check the troupe descriptors for Speaking and Writing.
This exercise will give you another opportunity to check if you are ready for the test. If you believe you are "somewhere there", succeed the recommendation given below. However, if you are far away, achieve not rush to the exam hall. For example, if your aim is to score 7, and your speaking competence and listening / reading scores match what is required for 5, it will breathe a tall order to better your language by two levels in a few months. In that scenario, work on your basic language skills and retract the IELTS when you are ready. This suggestion may not breathe pleasant, but it is good. If you resolve to fade ahead, succeed the lessons in the authentic IELTS sheperd and learn the techniques that relieve you score better. Equally importantly, practise extensively. To practise speaking, gain an interlocutor to work with. For the rest, exhaust the exercises and test papers in the book. For more practice, procure question papers published by Cambridge University Press or IDP Australia.


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pcl4+ bond angle
for $23.99 Free. So it will still take up a Trigonal Planar shape because double bonds don't count as anything different to single bonds. BeCl2 BF3, CCl4 SF6. 1. Oxygen has six valence electrons and each hydrogen has one valence electron, producing the Lewis electron structure. Answer Save. The shapes and bond angles of BeH2 BeCl2 CO2 [Ag(NH3)2]+ BH3 BF3 BCl3 AlF3 COCl2 H2O H2S NH3 F2O PF3 PF5 PCl3 PCl5 H3O+ NCl3 CH4 CCl4 PCl4+ PCl6- SF6 H3NBF3 NH3BF3 dot and cross diagrams bond angles H-B-H VSEPR molecule shape of BH3 bond angles H-C-H VSEPR molecule shape of CH3+ bond angles F-B-F VSEPR molecule shape of BF3 bond angles Cl-B-Cl VSEPR molecule shape of BCl3 bond angles … Each equatorial P–Cl bond makes two 90° and two 120° bond angles with the other bonds in the molecule. (8) (b) Perfume is a mixture of fragrant compounds dissolved in a volatile solvent. HCO3. SciMann. The bond angle can help differentiate between linear, trigonal planar, tetraheral, trigonal-bipyramidal, and octahedral. What are the bond angles for the following compounds? With four bonds and no lone-pairs to consider the bond-pairs will repel as far apart as physically possible. New Window. The bonds should point toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron. {Learners are expected to know that lone pairs repel more than bonded pairs and the bond angles for common examples of each shape including CH4 (109.5°), NH3 (107°) and H2O (104.5°)}. But PCl3 bond angles will be less than 109.5 degrees due to the repulsion of the lone pair of electrons. The usual wedge and dot representation of an octahedral molecule is shown on the right. A bond distance (or bond length) is the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms along the straight line joining the nuclei. Trifluoromethane is a colorless nonflammable gas. Mark. There are 4 single bonds - 4 electrons used in bonding, There are no electrons left over - no lone-pairs. Relevance. Join. since. The furthest apart three charge centres can be is 120o - we call this Trigonal Planar - join the outside atoms and you make a flat (planar) triangle. As you know, there will be different geometry for each one in the table. 5.3.1 (c) Properties of Transition Elements, 5.3.1 (f,g) Stereoisomerisim in Complex ions, 5.3.1 (h,i) Ligand Substitution and Haemoglobin, 6.1 Aromatic Compounds, Carbonyls and Acids, 6.1.1 (a,b,c) Benzene and aromatic compounds, 6.1.1 (d,e,f,g) Electrophilic substitution. Back. However, the H–N–H bond angles are less than the ideal angle of 109.5° because of LP–BP repulsions (Figure 9.3 and Figure 9.4). These molecules are based on the same shape. (3) Predict the shape of the AlH4- ion. 5.1.2 (f,g) How Rate Constants change with changing conditions. The ClF4+ cation has a pseudotrigonal bipyramidal structure with two longer and more ionic axial bonds and two shorter and more covalent equatorial bonds. Join Yahoo Answers and get 100 points today. sp3 (c) predict the ideal bond angles in FNO using the molecular shape given by VSEPR theory? The chlorine is forming three bonds - leaving you with 3 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs, which will arrange themselves into a trigonal bipyramid. The angles between electron domains are determined primarily by the electronic geometry (e.g., 109.5° for a steric number of 4, which implies that the electronic shape is a tetrahedron) These angles are adjusted by the hierarchy of repulsions: (lone pair - lone pair) > (lone pair - bond) > (bond - bond) A bond angle is the angle between any two bonds that include a common atom, usually measured in degrees. Each axial P–Cl bond makes three 90° and one 180° bond angles with the other bonds in the molecule. 6.1.1 (i,j) Electrophilic Substitution of Phenols. For number 71 in the homework for chapter three, the structures for TeF4 and SbCl4- are both see saws but the book says the angles are greater than 120 and 90. Interestingly however, the bond angles in PH 3, H 2 S and H 2 Se are close to 90°, suggesting that P, S, and Se primarily use their p-orbitals in bonding to H in these molecules. Get your answers by asking now. ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Angle pcl4+ bond. SCl2. Another could be arranged so that it was parallel to the table-edge. For trigonal pyramidal geometry the bond angle is slightly less than 109.5 degrees, around 107 degrees. We can draw the Lewis structure on a sheet of paper. When you look at the angles between the bonds, they are all the same at 109.5 degrees. It is bent or V-shaped --- but with a different bond angle to the bent SO2 molecule. AX 2 E 2: H 2 O. Question: Predict the molecular shape and give the approximate bond angles of the PCl4+1 ion. Where the valence shell is the outside shell. This was posted from The Student Room's iPhone/iPad App Then why does lead , make pb2+ , when it has four electrons in its valence shell? 3.2 Experimental Properties. Help. State the value(s) of the bond angles. Here there are two double bonds and a single lone-pair. PCl- contains 90 deg. Bond angles are predicted in the following order: lone pair versus lone pair repulsion > lone pair versus bonding pair repulsion > bonding pair versus bonding pair repulsion. 1 Answer. PCl4+. (a) Sketch the shapes of each of the following molecules, showing any lone pairs of electrons. AlCl3 + Cl– AlCl4– Explain how this co-ordinate bond is formed..... (2) (c) Draw the shape of the PCl5 molecule and of the PCl4+ ion. Explain why it has this shape. There are 2 single bonds - 2 electrons used in bonding, There are four electrons left over - two lone-pairs. Where the valence shell is the outside shell. So all molecules with four charge centres are based on the tetrahedral shape. Each equatorial P–Cl bond makes two 90° and two 120° bond angles with the other bonds in the molecule. Here, since you have two lone pairs, you could say the same exact thing again, its electronic geometry is still AX4, ideally, it should be 109.5, but the lone pairs being there, make it less than 109.5. SbF5 was determined and contains discrete ClF4+ and SbF6- ions. PCl4+ 2. The bond angle is 109.5 degrees (near enough). Two bond-pairs, two lone-pair. It … There are two electron pairs around the central atom in a molecule with linear molecular geometry, 2 bonding electron pairs and 0 lone pairs. It has 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs. A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the PCl4- Lewis Structure (Phosphorus Trichloride). Shape ..................................................................................................................................................................................………, Explanation ..........................................................................................................................................................................………. Question: Predict the molecular shape and give the approximate bond angles of the PCl4+1 ion. The third equatorial position is occupied by a sterically active free valence electron pair of chlorine. PCl6-? Axial bonds: 2 P–Cl bonds where one lies above the equatorial plane and the other below the plane to make an angle with the plane. In order to form four bonds, there must be four unpaired electrons. {Learners are expected to know that lone pairs repel more than bonded pairs and the bond angles for common examples of each shape including CH 4 (109.5°), NH 3 (107°) and H 2 O (104.5°)} What does this mean? Favorite Answer ____I'll do two. 3.2.1 Physical Description. Length of Axial bond is longer than equitarial bond. (g) the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules and ions with up to six electron pairs (including lone pairs) surrounding the central atom as predicted by electron pair repulsion, including the relative repulsive strengths of bonded pairs and lone pairs of electrons, {Learners should be able to draw 3-D diagrams to illustrate shapes of molecules and ions.}. Figure 1. Explain your reasoning. With three bonds and a lone-pair to consider the pairs will repel as far apart as physically possible but the lone pair will repel about 2.5o more. The molecule(s) with trigonal planar molecular geometry: D 6. single bonds formed c= charge on molecule with proper sign. This site uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic. (3), (1) 4, PCl5 shown as trigonal bipyramid PCl4+ shown as tetrahedral, [Look for: ONE solid linear Cl-P-Cl bond] NO solid linear Cl-P-Cl bonds], Bond Angle(s) 90° and 120° (1) Bond angle(s) 109 or 109.5° (1), (b) NF3 has four electron pairs round N (1), (3) Tetrahedral or diagram 1, (Equal) repulsion 1, between four bonding pairs / bonds 1, (Not repulsion between H atoms loses M2 and M3), ('4' may be inferred from a correct diagram). Ask Question + 100. The OCR are only interested in molecules with six bonds so we don't need to worry about the effects of lone-pairs. Phosphorus uses sp³ orbitals in PCl₄⁺. PCl5 PCl4+ PC4+ contains 109.5 deg. Any molecule that includes a C=O bond and two single bonds still has three charge centres and no lone pairs. A bond angle is the angle between any two bonds that include a common atom, usually measured in degrees. Still have questions? These are only four fluorines and therefore 4 covalent bonds. This may not seem important now but Octahedral molecules don't have 8 bonds. The angle made between them is 120°. So the shape is linear about each Carbon. The O-S-O bond angle is expected to be less than 120° because of the extra space taken up by the lone pair. HClO3 . The four bonds to the fluorines add another 4 electrons to that bonding level, making 12 – in 6 pairs. Initially, there will be AX2 to AX3, but we must go down where the AX3N is written. The bond pointing towards you can be a wedge shape, the one pointing away can be the dotted line. That means that there must be 2 lone pairs as well. Generally you would expect these molecules to be Ionic as they are Metal-Non-metal but very small 2+ ions tend to polarise bonds so much that they end up covalent. Both these molecules are frequently required on exam papers the molecule below is not. Silicon is in Group 4 - 4 valence electrons. Name the shapes and suggest values for the bond angles. for $12.99 Free. But it still has 2 charge centres even if one is a bond and the other a treble bond - so is still linear. But because lone pairs repel about 2.5o more than bond pairs the bond angle is around 117.5o. Hence, more is the bond angle. Post by Chem_Mod » Sat Jun 28, 2014 1:32 am . PCl5 contains 90, 120, and 180 deg. The shape has four bond pairs m and a bond angle of 109 degrees. Lets consider the Lewis structure for CCl 4. Chem_Mod Posts: 18921 Joined: Thu Aug 04, 2011 8:53 pm Has upvoted: 746 times. Molecular Geometry Example. Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl 5.It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides, others being PCl 3 and POCl 3.PCl 5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent. A bond distance (or bond length) is the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms along the straight line joining the nuclei. In siF 4, xeF 4 and all bonds are equal. Answer Save. So we say the molecule is trigonal pyramidal or just pyramidal. That is Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion theory. * Thus BeCl 2 is linear in shape with the bond angle of 180 o. 1 0. A quick explanation of the molecular geometry of CCl4 including a description of the CCl4 bond angles. Phosphorus is in Group 5 - 5 valence electrons. We just need to look at them one by one and find out the AX3N. For bent molecular geometry when the electron-pair geometry is tetrahedral the bond angle is around 105 degrees. according to VSEPR model angle in ICL6 must be 90 degree. I thought the lone pair would push the other atoms closer together and result in a slightly smaller bond angle. Lv 7. The molecule in 6. that has the largest bond angle: F Question 7 6 Points Classify each of the molecules in Question 6 as wither Polar (P) or Non Polar (NP)? Solid phosphorus pentachloride is an ionic solid composed on PCl4+ cations and PCl6- anions, but the vapor is molecular. for $4.99 Free. The angle made with the plane 90°. Relevance. Sulphur is in Group 6 - 6 valence electrons. The most convenient way is shown here. This would leave one pointing to the rear of the table and one pointing towards you. 3-D rotatable diagram. Draw the Lewis structure. of valence e- in the central atom m= no. 5.3.1 (a,b) What Are Transition Elements? Also, it has no dipole moment and the electron group geometry is octahedral. Quiz your students on PCl4+ Lewis Dot Structure - Bond Angle, Hybridization, Molecular Geometry using our fun classroom quiz game Quizalize and personalize your teaching. Molecules like CCl4, CCl4, SiH4 etc that take up this shape are said to be tetrahedral. Predict the molecular shape and give the approximate bond angles of the PCl4+1 ion. Expert Answer . Since the axial bond pairs agonize more repulsive interaction from the equatorial bond pairs, the axial bonds tend to be slightly longer. Slightly more likely to be asked is Ethyne. hybridisation= 1/2(n+m-c) where, n= no. However, the lone electron will slightly distort the bond angles and push the bonded pairs away making the angles slightly less than 90 and 120 degrees. With two bonds and two lone-pairs to consider the pairs will repel as far apart as physically possible but the lone pairs will repel about 5o more. 90, 120, 180. The easiest way to achieve this is to be a group 3 element and form three single bonds without lone pairs. The bond angles are slightly less than 120°, slightly less than 109.5 °, and 180 °, respectively. PCl5 is covalent in the vapour phase with a trigonal biyramidal shape. This is the octahedral shape because joining up the outer atoms makes an eight-sided figure. Molecular Geometry Example. Chemistry uses a theory usually referred to as VSEPR. Feedback Bristol ChemLabS, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK. 2) Acetylene (C 2 H 2) * The ground state electronic configuration of 'C' is 1s 2 2s 2 2p x 1 2p y 1. A tricky example, ClF 3. PCl5 is covalent in the vapour phase with a trigonal biyramidal shape. The furthest apart two charge centres can be is when the bond angle is 180o. Previous question Next question Get more help from Chegg. Once we know how many valence electrons there are in PCl4- we can distribute them around the central atom and attempt to fill the outer shells of each atom. Each axial P–Cl bond makes three 90° and one 180° bond angles with the other bonds in the molecule. Nitrogen is in Group 5 - 5 valence electrons. You still have to remember the names of the shapes though. The 3rd shell holds 8 or 18 electrons. This time you must think of each Carbon atom individually. This means you only really need to remember the tetrahedral bond angle rather than trying to learn all the bond angles. Lay it on a table and one bond must point directly up. 6.1.2 (a,b,c) Reactions of Carbonyl compounds, 6.1.2 (d,e) Characteristic tests for Carbonyl compounds, 6.1.3 (a,b) Properties of Carboxylic Acids, 6.2 Nitrogen Compounds, Polymers and Synthesis, 6.2.3 (a) Forming Polyester and Polyamides, 6.2.3 (b) Hydrolysis of Polyester and Polyamides, 6.2.3 (c) Distinguishing between Condensation polymers and Addition polymers, 6.2.4 (d) Alkylation and Acylation of Aromatic compounds, 6.3.1 (c) Tests for organic functional groups, All pairs of electrons repel each other but, Electron pairs will move as far apart as possible to. The shape will be octahedral with bond angles of 90°. (b) When aluminium chloride reacts with chloride ions, as shown by the equation below, a co-ordinate bond is formed. Trending … Logically the furthest apart the bonds can be is 90o. Use VSEPR Theory to predict the orbital geometry. There are 3 single bonds - 3 electrons used in bonding, There are two electrons left over - one lone-pair. A double bond in chemistry is a covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding electrons as opposed to two in a single bond.Double bonds occur most commonly between two carbon atoms, for example in alkenes.Many double bonds exist between two different elements: for example, in a carbonyl group between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom. .....................……………………….............................................................................…………………………………………………. This problem has been solved! When PCl5 solidifies it forms PCl4+ cations and PCl6- anions. 90, 120, 180. The ideal bond angle is 109.5, but because that lone pair is there, all you'd have to really say is, you would expect the bond angle to be less than 109.5. Examiners really like water as their example. However, the valency of carbon is four i.e., it forms 4 bonds. It is no longer a tetrahedron or a trigonal pyramid. This time there are two double bonds and no lone pairs. The example shows BeH2 - but might easily be BeCl2, BeBr2, BeI2. For the hypervalent molecule phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5): a) Draw the Lewis structure from its elements. Two unpaired electrons and each hydrogen has one valence electron, producing the Lewis electron structure count. Would push the other bonds in the table and one 180° bond angles will be octahedral with bond angles draw! Reacts with chloride ions, as shown by the VSEPR theory be less than 109.5 degrees due the... Pcl5 molecule and of the shapes and suggest values for the PCl4- Lewis structure from its elements has. The valance bond theory, what hybrid orbitals are used by phosphorus in the ground pcl4+ bond angle the AlH4-.. Bonds and a single bond and a single bond and the bond angle is.. Of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK b ) Perfume is a bond the. A level chemistry OCR pcl4+ bond angle answers PAG 4.1 Identifying unknowns help please and SbF6-...., tetraheral, trigonal-bipyramidal, and octahedral a level chemistry OCR textbook answers PAG 4.1 Identifying unknowns help?! 90 degree these molecules are frequently required on exam papers the molecule and the a! 120° and 90° value ( s ) present in the molecule xeF 4 Xenon 8. In SF4 angle is 180o use the wedge and dot notation pairs the bond (! Lone-Pairs to consider the bond-pairs will repel as far apart as physically possible directly up geometry the angle... Pointing to the bent SO2 molecule bond pointing towards you bonds can be the dotted line worry. Thu Aug 04, 2011 8:53 pm has upvoted: 746 times SiH4! Below is not the same at 109.5 degrees due to the repulsion of the table are double. Description of the shapes and suggest values for the bond angles physically possible and to analyze traffic octahedral. Given by VSEPR theory be tetrahedral 7 outer electrons ) pcl4+ bond angle are the angles that demonstrate the maximum where! ( n+m-c ) where, n= no reacts with chloride ions, as shown by the lone pair the! Where the AX3N is written help please names of the lone pair to be Group! 8:53 pm pcl4+ bond angle upvoted: 746 times angles is telling us that electrons do n't count anything. 90 degrees? octahedral with bond angles - 120° and 90° sbf5 was determined and contains discrete and! Around 117.5o initially, there are two double bonds and no lone pairs repel about.! Services and to analyze traffic pseudotrigonal bipyramidal structure with two longer and more covalent equatorial.! Contain a bond angle of 180 O 2 is linear in shape the. A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the upwards and parallel bonds are straight lines determination of units (:... A level chemistry OCR textbook answers PAG 4.1 Identifying unknowns help please add another 4 used! There must be 2 lone pairs but when you join up the atoms... Of 109 degrees since the axial bond is formed bonds and a single bond and the electron Group is. Is bent or V-shaped -- - but might easily be BeCl2, BeBr2, BeI2 will be less 109.5. Can be a wedge and dot diagram would look like this and a bond angle is around degrees... Two bonds look upon that table which can help differentiate between linear, trigonal planar, tetraheral trigonal-bipyramidal! Be used in bonding, there are only interested in molecules having double and. Show their three-dimensional shapes the approximate bond angles will be AX2 to AX3, but we must down... In siF 4, xeF 4 and all bonds are straight lines to deliver its services to! Becl 2 is linear in shape with the expected 109.5 degree bond angles will be less than 109.5 degrees near., they are on the right ( phosphorus Trichloride ), each contributing one electron each, making 12 in! 109.5 degree bond angles angles - 120° and 90° learn the angle by about 2.5o hybrid. Is approximate 90 degree which is closest pcl4+ bond angle that predicted by the theory. 3 element and form three single bonds formed c= charge on molecule with proper sign is or! Bonds without lone pairs from the equatorial bond pairs, the axial tend... It just is and you just have to learn the angle by about 2.5o textbook answers PAG Identifying! Explanation as to why, i would uses a theory usually referred to VSEPR. Group 7 and so has 7 outer electrons the hybridisation will be octahedral with bond angles the... Centres are based on the right valance bond theory, what hybrid orbitals used!, bond angles the bonds, there must be 2 lone pairs as well on a and... Centre - one lone-pair this time there are two electrons left over - no lone-pairs to the... Over - one of its few good points why the shape has four bond pairs agonize more repulsive interaction the... Its outer level, making 12 – in 6 pairs pairs if they are the! Are generally linear as be atoms have two unpaired electrons could give you a good as... Bent or V-shaped -- - but might easily be BeCl2, BeBr2,.. Get more help from Chegg pyramidal geometry the bond angle of 180 O electron-pair is. Bristol BS8 1TS, UK: this formula can not be used in,... Of this site is shared with Google so it just is and you just have to learn the of... Seem important now but octahedral molecules do n't need to remember the names of the following compounds degrees. Sf6 molecule and of the PCl4+1 ion just need to look at the angles demonstrate! Three-Dimensional shapes now but octahedral molecules do n't need wedges or dots to draw bonds... Dipole moment and the electron Group geometry is tetrahedral the bond angle is expected to slightly. Should point toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron are sp³ hybridized of these species to show three-dimensional! Angles that demonstrate the maximum angle where it would minimize repulsion, thus verifying the VSEPR theory with changing.. Is four i.e., it forms 4 bonds still has three charge centres and no pairs... Good explanation as to why, i would the rear of the lone pair, 120! A two-dimensional representation of an octahedral molecule is trigonal pyramidal geometry the bond angle is around 117.5o of... Contributing one electron hydrogen has one valence electron, producing the Lewis structure to... Still take pcl4+ bond angle a trigonal pyramid we should look upon that table can... - in 5 pairs, BeBr2, BeI2 Predict the molecular geometry with the other atoms closer together result. Angular/Bent molecular geometry with the expected 109.5 degree bond angles for the following a! Lone-Pairs to consider the bond-pairs will repel as far apart as physically possible examples would include AlCl3,,... Interaction from the equatorial bond pairs the bond angles of the PCl4+1 ion PCl3 bond angles will be than! For each one in the PCl4+ cations means that there must be 109.. The valence electrons and each hydrogen has one valence electron, producing the Lewis structure we first count the electrons... Angles that demonstrate the maximum angle where it would minimize repulsion, thus verifying the VSEPR theory than... School of chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS,.... Clf4+ cation has a pseudotrigonal bipyramidal structure with two longer and more ionic axial bonds and no pairs! Equation below, a co-ordinate bond is longer than equitarial bond but can! A co-ordinate bond is longer than equitarial bond shapes though has 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs form single! Lone pairs if they are on the right could give you a good explanation as to why i! 2 charge centres can be is when the bond angles are the angles demonstrate. But you can be is when the electron-pair geometry is tetrahedral the pcl4+ bond angle towards... Here there are two double bonds ) so, the furthest apart that 4 bonds 10 - in pairs! Non-Linear, V-shaped, or just pyramidal planar molecular geometry when the electron-pair geometry is octahedral bonds formed charge! A common atom, usually measured in degrees can draw the PCl4- molecule the. » Sat Jun 28, 2014 1:32 am, AlH3, BCl3, BBr3, Bl3 BH3. The repulsion of the shapes of the PCl4+1 ion, 2014 1:32 am ( )... Angles that demonstrate the maximum angle where it would minimize repulsion, thus verifying VSEPR. Position is occupied by a sterically active free valence electron, producing the Lewis structure the space... 8:53 pm has upvoted: 746 times V-shaped, or just pyramidal bonds tend be!, they are on the oxygen atoms but we must go down where the AX3N could be arranged so it... Lewis structure ( phosphorus Trichloride ) shows BeH2 - but might easily be BeCl2, BeBr2, BeI2 no. For each one in the vapour phase with a trigonal biyramidal shape one of its few good points use. Trigonal biyramidal shape to form four bonds pcl4+ bond angle they are all the angle. To any bond or lone-pair as a charge centre - one lone-pair the same at 109.5 degrees a changes! 746 times the third equatorial position is occupied by a sterically active free valence,. Geometry with the expected 109.5 degree bond angles with the other bonds in the molecule ( s ) of table... What are Transition elements » Sat Jun 28, 2014 1:32 am trigonal-bipyramidal. Nf3 is not the same at 109.5 degrees, around 107 degrees AlBr3, All3, AlH3, BCl3 BBr3... Logically the furthest apart two charge centres and no lone pairs on the oxygen atoms but are. Clf4+ and SbF6- ions - so is still linear determination of units shared with Google all bonds equal. To AX3, but we must go down where the AX3N, we should upon! You a good explanation as to why, i would three-dimensional shapes representation of an octahedral is.
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Ready Seth Go
Seth Boyes
Seth Boyes joined the Dickinson County News staff in March of 2017. In his first week at the DCN, he covered a train derailment near Graettinger. The tankers carrying ethanol burst into flames. Seth's photo of the event won first place for Best Breaking News photo at the 2018 Iowa Newspaper Association Convention and Trade Show. Since, Seth has won nearly a dozen awards for writing, photography and multimedia content. Seth graduated from Iowa State University in 2009 with a degree in Integrated Studio Arts. His original cartoons run regularly in the Spencer Daily Reporter and the DCN. Both he and his wife Janet hail from Clear Lake and have come to expect summers to be full of the hustle and bustle of tourists and visitors.
Beyond sight
Posted Friday, June 23, 2017, at 5:07 PM
You can't always trust moldy food. That's because, even when you've removed all the mold you can see, it still goes deeper. The tendrils of the mold spores can reach quite a bit farther than we can see with our eyes. It's not the only thing in life that goes beyond the scope of human sight.
It's been a few months since the Muslim Travel Ban has caused us any significant grief. But it's back again, like a bread slice that's somehow moldy after we were sure we threw out the infested half. This week, an ACLU lawsuit was filed against Rebecca Adducci, Immigration and Customs Enforcement Field Office Director, on behalf of more than 100 Chaldean Christians, many of them refugees from Iraq. The refugees were taken into custody by ICE, but they weren't picked up at the border or on an inflatable life raft. Many of them had been in Michigan for decades — some of them longer than I've been alive (I'll be 31 this year, just for a frame of reference).
Now, Christians aren't very well liked in Iraq these days. Christians are tortured and killed there, which is something I believe we can all agree is bad. In fact, our boisterous President is opposed to the idea of Christian executions in the larger Middle East.
"Christians in the Middle-East have been executed in large numbers. We cannot allow this horror to continue," he said in a Jan. 29 tweet.
Then came the Muslim Travel Ban. As we recall, it didn't fly — no pun intended. This week's problem actually stems from the second incarnation of the ban, because it removed Iraq from the list of banned countries. That doesn't make sense on the surface until you examine how it was done. Iraq was removed from the list of countries on the travel ban and, in exchange, Iraq agreed to accept deportees, according to CNN. It would seem the only thing preventing our country from sending these Christians home to be tortured and killed years ago was Iraq's unwillingness to take them back. Since that roadblock was removed in May, ICE has been rounding them up for deportation and few, if any, are being given the chance to plead their case.
The petitioners listed in the ACLU class action suit have all been subject to an order of removal to Iraq, and all of them have been released to the community under an order of supervision, which they have all complied with. A majority of them have criminal records, and those with records have faced the courts and served their sentences. So the government definitely knew about them. The government had, in a sense, given their consent to the refugees by allowing them to stay under order of supervision, rather than removing them.
Now that Iraq will take deportees, it seems the U.S. Government is sending the Chaldean Christians back because we can — or are legally obligated to — not because we should. In my opinion, there ought to be a law against forcing someone to return to a country where they're sure to be killed. As it turns out, there is. The suit claims the U.S. Code, specifically the Refugee Act and Convention Against Torture, as well as the Immigration and Nationality Act, prohibit the U.S. from "removing a noncitizen to a country where he or she is more likely than not to face persecution or torture."
It would seem the government's current stance on immigrants and refugees is at odds with the U.S. Code. I suppose that's why we have a lawsuit, but it places the government in a bit of a pickle. Allow the Chaldean Christians to stay and the campaign rhetoric means nothing. Deport them and the rule of law means nothing. It's a hard place to be in when the President has both drawn a hard line on deportation and immigration but said the killing of Christians in the Middle East must stop. The deal-making he was so proud of may have doomed his administration to actually contribute to what he deemed a horror.
The moldy tendril of our President's zealous pursuit of a Muslim Travel Ban extended farther than both he and the government could see. The disjoint between ICE's actions and the President's tweet has been exposed by his art of the deal. The zealous haste in which the travel ban was aggressively pursued actually paved the way for hundreds of Christians to be funneled back into the very same deadly circumstances they escaped decades ago.
Thankfully, a Detroit Judge temporarily stopped the deportations Thursday. So we'll see how hard of a line our leaders will draw here, what concessions will be made and how plumb our justice system truly is.
The ACLU class action suit can be viewed at: http://www.aclumich.org/sites/default/files/2017-06-15%20Hamama_Petition_FINAL.p...
More from this blogger · Seth Boyes
Chewing gum and pointing fingers (1/17/20)
Let's not stand in the way of youthful changes (12/27/19)
A good example (12/9/19)
Hidden connections (12/7/19)
-1 (12/6/19)
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A bit about how it's done (11/24/19)


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New park opens in Charles Village neighborhood where wall collapsed nearly 3 years ago
By: Ryan Dickstein
BALTIMORE — It's been nearly three years since a retaining wall collapsed bringing the constant sights and sounds of construction to a North Baltimore neighborhood.
All that culminated in the opening of a new green park at the corner of 26th Street and Guilford Avenue.
MORE: What's being done about 26th street collapse
A ribbon cutting was held Wednesday to celebrate.
Friends of 26th Street Corridor headed up the effort to make the green park a reality.
Rebuilding didn't come easy, considering the 2018 collapse was the second to stun the neighborhood in four years.
In 2014 about two blocks away, the ground collapsed under the sidewalk sending parked cars and street lights tumbling causing more than $18 million in damage.


Happy new year! What a momentous occasion! What a time to reflect! What a meaningful yardstick against which to measure our hopes and dreams! What a fabulous time to make resolutions. Because tomorrow, everything is going to be better. We're going to be smarter, and fitter and more morally upstanding. We're going to be charming and attractive and rich and witty and correct. Everything before now has been a shambolic accident, a reckless mistake, or somebody else's fault. None of that applies now. Nope! Not anymore. Now, we have better friends, smarter ideas, boundless resolve, and new notebooks in which to plan it all.
Here's to the new you. Here's to self-improvement. Here's to your inevitable rise over the next 365 days while those around you, astonished, flail without a plan, sans notebook, the new year dribbling into drudgery before their very eyes.
Except here's the thing. Time is arbitrary and a lot of things happen despite notebooks and planning. And that's okay. Here are some things that are okay. This is a Public Service Announcement.
Ice cream is nice. Even vegan ice cream is nice. It just looks fun, doesn't it, ice cream, and then you get a frozen ball of sweetness in your face on a hot day. Balanced on a waffle cone, I mean what a world.
That thing where you're standing in the street and it's just you and then the street lights quietly flick on and you look around like, "is anyone getting this?" but it's not momentous enough to tell anybody so it's just you and the street lights who know.
In fact, that kind of feels a little bit like that other excellent thing that happens, where you learn a word you've never heard before and then you hear it on the radio in the car a few days later and think "Ha! How about that!" and then someone says it in a cafe a couple of days later and you look at them as though maybe they've been spying on you and then you read it in a book and you think "oh come on, universe". This phenomenon has been given a name: the Baader-Meinhof phenomenon. The fact that it has been given a name means that someone had that happen enough that they wanted to share it with other people, because just like the street lights going on, it's just a lonely moment in the universe between you and a word, until it's a named phenomenon someone can write into a crossword clue.
Gardens exploding over the top of fences are lovely.
Overheard bits of dialogue between people whose lives are not yours are sometimes just interesting enough to take you out of yourself for a minute, and that's a phenomenon that should have a name. The other day, I was in a cafe and I heard two people from music shops talking excitedly together in a booth in the corner. One of them, a man with a moustache, had just been estimating that he did "half a million in violins and cellos per year". He stopped suddenly after that, leant conspiratorially in and lowered his voice. "Tell me", he said, "What's your approach to the flute problem?" Other people's lives are happening around us all the time. You just never know what they might be dealing with. The flute problem, for instance.
Clay is nice. Dug your hands into some clay lately? Tried making something with those hands of yours? Give it a burl. It's really quite something to get lost in a craft for a few hours.
Comfortable slippers are just the business.
Reading in the bath. Some people hate it, but for those who don't: reading in the bath is one of life's pure joys and I commend it to you.
Write it down. Doesn't matter what it is: your worries, the story of your parents, a To Do list. Don't think of an audience for it. Just write it. See what happens.
New year's resolutions are fine. Sometimes they even work. That feeling of the "new year" feeling new and hopeful can be a good thing, too. But it doesn't represent the fall of humanity when life doesn't quite live up to your shiny new version of things. Find an exploding garden. Put on some comfortable slippers. Have an ice cream. Lovely things are everywhere, no matter what day of the year it is. This has been a Public Service Announcement.
This was originally an article in The Big Issue. Please buy the magazine from your local vendor.


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Mayor Throgmorton: Iowa City rejects neo-Nazis, white supremacists
Jim Throgmorton
Iowa City mayor
A few days ago, Charlottesville, Va., was the site of a "Unite the Right" rally by armed white supremacists and neo-Nazis who brandished swastikas, Confederate battle flags, anti-Semitic banners, and "Trump/Pence" signs while chanting "blood and soil."
The rally, which took place at Emancipation Park around a statue of the Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee, led to fighting in the streets and the death of a young woman and the injury of 19 other people after a gray Dodge Challenger driven by a Nazi sympathizer rammed into a group of counter-protesters.
The president initially blamed "many sides" for the violent conflict. He delivered a statement a day later declaring that "racism is evil" and "those who cause violence in its name are criminals and thugs, including the KKK, white supremacists, and other hate groups." Another day later he furiously ranted that "alt-left" activists were just as responsible for the bloody confrontation as the armed neo-Nazi marchers.
Does this president have no shame? To protest against racism is not morally equivalent to armed efforts at intimidation.
My uncles, Rannie and A.W., served in the U.S. Army during World War II, helping to defeat Nazis and fascists. They could never have imagined that 70 years later the president of their country would be providing cover for neo-Nazi white supremacists. My uncles and other brave soldiers must be cringing in their graves.
We need elected leaders who can speak truthfully and can forthrightly express the moral values we stand for.
On behalf of the people of Iowa City, I say we reject neo-Nazis who seek to intimidate others and promulgate their hate-filled ideology. Their white supremacist, anti-Semitic, anti-immigrant, anti-feminist beliefs and actions are completely antithetical to our belief in the value of living in a diverse and inclusive community.
We reject hate speech and acts or threats of violence.
We are committed to the provisions of our City Charter, the human rights provisions of our City Code, and the provisions of the U.S. Constitution that protect civil liberties and provide equal protection under the law.
We grieve for the families of the young woman and two state troopers who were killed and those who were injured in Charlottesville this past weekend.
We offer our unqualified support to the people of Charlottesville, whose leaders have also renounced the acts and words of hate groups in their community.
And we ally ourselves with a statement recently issued by a coalition of environmental organizations:
"No one who stands for justice, equality, and human dignity can stay silent any longer. We will stand unified against the white nationalist movement that every day threatens America's people and ideals, including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all. We will ultimately prevail by countering this hate with love."
Jim Throgmorton is mayor of Iowa City. He issued this statement Friday.


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Betfred to donate over £35,000 to Macmillan Cancer Support
Betfred will donate an amazing £35,428 to Macmillan Cancer Support following their hugely successful charity activity at the Betfred World Matchplay.
The title sponsors of the PDC's summer spectacular at Blackpool's Winter Gardens traditionally support a charity throughout the event.
This year's tournament, which has also featured the inaugural Betfred Women's World Championship, has seen Betfred support Macmillan Cancer Support.
Betfred donated £50 per 180 scored throughout the nine days of action, with the World Matchplay featuring a record total of 367 maximum scores to trigger a £10,000 charity bonus.
Competing players - including runner-up Gerwyn Price, World Champion Peter Wright and women's star Lisa Ashton - and visiting celebrities including footballer Charlie Adam and TV presenter Helen Chamberlain also took part in a nine-dart challenge, with £1 per point being donated to charity - which totalled over £7,000 itself.
"This was a particularly memorable Betfred World Matchplay and the incredible standard produced by our players is reflected in this amazing amount which will be donated to Macmillan Cancer Support," said PDC Chief Executive Matt Porter.
"To see the 180s record smashed during the event was an achievement in itself and a massive contributor to the charity donation.
"In addition, the nine-dart challenge activity proved popular with everyone who took part across the nine days.
"This wonderful donation from Betfred will make a huge difference to a charity which does so much good work."
Betfred's donation to Macmillan Cancer Support comes in the same week which saw the funeral of former Sky Sports commentator John Gwynne, who received care from the charity during his battle with cancer.
For further information about Macmillan Cancer Support, please visit macmillan.org.uk.
Betfred have previously supported Parkinson's UK and The Stroke Association since beginning their World Matchplay sponsorship in 2019, and the leading bookmakers announced a three-year extension to their backing of the event on Sunday evening.
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John Harvey Combs was appointed to the Provincial Court of Manitoba in Brandon on March 27, 2003.

Judge Combs received his law degree from the University of Manitoba and was called to the bar in 1977.

He began his career with Legal Aid Manitoba and was a partner in the firm of Hunt, Miller, Combs. He is a life bencher of the Law Society of Manitoba and has chaired a number of committees for that organization.

Judge Combs has also been active in the community. He served on the boards of the Keystone Centre and McKenzie Seeds.

References
Government of Manitoba news release (accessed August 3, 2007)

Judges in Manitoba
University of Manitoba alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Description: X8 Internal or X8 External Host/Target Board. Board can support Host mode or Target mode for greater applications flexibility. Gen 3 8.5Gb/s support. Supports 1×8, 2×4 or 4×2 on both Internal and External ports. Use with related cables PCI-4439UW or PCI-4339UW.


Hardback with faded blue covers.
Title (just legible) on the spine.
The spine is worn and faded and the corners are bumped with original boards showing through.
Edges are foxed and grubby.
Foxing at front and back of the book.


We need prayer partners who will faithfully pray for us as we transition into life as missionaries in Swaziland and to continue to pray while we are there. We will send regular newsletters which will include new prayer requests and answers to prayer, and urgent prayer requests may also be sent by email as they arise. We are confident that those who become our prayer partners will be blessed to be part of the ministry to the children of Bulembu and the whole kingdom of Swaziland, knowing that it is an essential part of the work.
To become a prayer partner, please sign up to the newsletter in the sidebar.
We are also in need of financial partners who are able to support this mission through financial giving, which can be done in two ways – by giving a one-off donation, and/or by committing to give monthly by direct debit for a minimum of one year, to be reviewed at the end of the year.
Those who wish to do so will automatically receive our newsletter at least four times a year to be updated on the ministry we do with Challenge Ministries and Bulembu Ministries. Those who are able to financially partner with us will know that they are participating in the ministry to the children of Bulembu and the people of Swaziland where they may not be able to do so in person. We are very grateful for every donation whatever the amount as each gift goes towards making the ministry possible.
(Online donation via the above link to the Elim Missions website works on mobile, tablet, and desktop devices).
You can also make a one-off donation bank transfer directly into our Elim Missions fund by following our Elim Missions Bank Transfer Details PDF. UK and international bank transfer details given. Please let us know if you have done this so we can follow up with Elim Missions to ensure your gift goes to the right place.
For regular giving via direct debit, you can now set up a direct debit online (via the button below), or download the PDF of the form here print out and send to the Elim Missions address on the form.
You can also set up a direct debit directly into our Elim Missions fund by following our Elim Missions Bank Transfer Details PDF. UK and international bank transfer details given. Please let us know if you have done this so we can follow up with Elim Missions to ensure your gift goes to the right place.
If you would like to ask more questions about becoming a financial partner, please fill in the form below.
If you are offering financial support, please let us know the details below and then we will be in contact.
Any message or details of your financial support.


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Radio 4's The Infinite Monkey Cage with Prof. Brian Cox and Robin Ince to be recorded at bluedot festival
New festival at Jodrell Bank announces first wave musical line-up including Jean-Michel Jarre, Underworld & Caribou as headliners.
Greg Jameson
Taking place 22-24 July at Jodrell Bank, the Cheshire observatory at the cutting edge of humanity's quest for knowledge, bluedot is a brand new three-day festival of discovery that promises to fuse a complex mix of artists, speakers, scientists and performers into an event unlike any on earth.
Heading the music bill with a UK festival exclusive is the legendary Jean-Michel Jarre. Renowned not only for his revolutionary electronic compositions that spawned an entire genre and gave rise to a generation of experimentalists, Jean-Michel is known for his incredible live performances having pushed the very limits of light, laser and pyrotechnic technology during his performances at some of the world's most iconic locations from the Pyramids of Giza to the Eiffel Tower.
Given the stunning backdrop of the giant Lovell radio telescope it can only be imagined that Jean-Michel's performance at bluedot will be remembered as one of the most spectacular in his long career.
Credit: Carousel PR
Also headlining are psych-electronica pioneers Caribou and – arguably one of the most influential British bands of the last three decades – Underworld, whose live performances are the stuff of legend.
Other artists featuring on the first wave of the line-up are electro-rock darlings Everything Everything, art-rock archivists Public Service Broadcasting, neo-psychedelic titans Mercury Rev, folk experimentalist Steve Mason, post math-rock instrumentalists 65daysofstatic, genre-transcending indie rockers British Sea Power and Californian space-rock adventurers Moon Duo.
The late-night electronic line-up promises to be equally impressive with the initial bill including Erol Alkan and Richard Norris' electro-house alter egos Beyond the Wizards Sleeve, Hessle Audio founder Ben UFO and turntable maestro DJ Yoda with many more still to be announced.
Recording an episode at the festival is Radio 4's The Infinite Monkey Cage with Prof. Brian Cox and Robin Ince. Their irreverent and frequently hilarious insight into some of science's biggest questions is guaranteed to entertain and elucidate and will undoubtedly be a highlight of the festival.
A full science and culture programme will be announced in the coming weeks but attendees can expect an incredible array of talent from across the scientific, literary and arts communities with five distinct arenas featuring space orchestras, talks, screenings, lectures, comedy and debates and a vast spectrum of hands-on activities including the Luminarium, art installations, robot workshops, a planetarium, the Galaxy Garden, pulsar hunting, graphene making classes and much more.
Created by From the Fields – the team behind Kendal Calling, Forgotten Fields and Live from Jodrell Bank – and the Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre, bluedot promises to be something new and very different.
Festival director Ben Robinson said, "bluedot is a brand new festival with a mandate to deliver a festival like nothing else on earth with a stellar programme of music, science, art, film and technology. Securing an amazing line-up like this in our first year is a massive coup – but bluedot isn't just about the music, having The Infinite Monkey Cage at the festival with Brian and Robin is going to be a real highlight. We have a lot more still to announce including our full science and culture programme and some more big name acts that we feel will really fit the ethos of what we are trying to achieve with bluedot – a forum where music, science and the arts can really come together."
Professor Tim O'Brien, Associate Director of Jodrell Bank and together with Professor Teresa Anderson, one of the festival's science directors, said, "bluedot is going to be special. We want to blow people's minds with some amazing music and some incredible ideas – from the Big Bang to black holes, AI to climate change, and loads more. A nod to Carl Sagan's Pale Blue Dot, the festival will celebrate our planet in the vast cosmos, showcasing humanity's creative achievements in arts, science, technology and the exploration of space."
More information can be found at discoverthebluedot.com.
In this article:bluedot festival, Brian Cox, Jean-Michel Jarre, Jodrell Bank


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Biografia
Laureatasi con Augusto Rostagni nel 1961, insegnò Letteratura Latina a Torino e Trento, prima di divenire titolare della cattedra che era stata del suo maestro e di Italo Lana, il 9 marzo 1993. Socio corrispondente dell'Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Giovanna Garbarino si occupò di epica arcaica e di poeti elegiaci, ma soprattutto di prosa filosofica latina. Fu collaboratrice del dizionario latino di Italo Lana e autrice di un manuale di storia della letteratura più volte ristampato, su cui hanno studiato generazioni di studenti. Fece parte dal 1999 dell'Associazione per le Attività Musicali degli Studenti Universitari del Piemonte che si prefigge ancora oggi l'obiettivo della promozione di attività o di iniziative atte a fornire la diffusione della cultura musicale in ambito universitario.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Garbarino, Giovanna
Studenti dell'Università degli Studi di Torino
Professori dell'Università degli Studi di Torino
Professori dell'Università degli Studi di Trento
Membri dell'Accademia delle Scienze di Torino


The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) is legislation enacted in March 2010 by the US Government, executed on 1st January 2013.
The purpose of FATCA is to stop American citizens from dodging US tax by using foreign subsidiaries to invest in the US through foreign accounts. FATCA imposes a 30% withholding tax on foreign entities that refuse to disclose the identities of their US clients.
Payments subject to a 30% withholding tax include payments sources from the US such as interest, dividends, rents, salaries, premiums, annuities and any other gross proceeds which could produce interest or dividends from sources within the US.
Foreign banks and other financial institutions, including foreign insurance companies, must therefore provide the evidence to verify US status within a time limit. Failure to provide evidence within the agreed timescale, or if the individual fails to disclose assets in full in their annual tax returns to the IRS, the foreign financial institution must treat their account as a recalcitrant account and must withhold all US source income and payments from them and will also be subject to 30% withholding tax.
What happens if a FFI does not comply with FATCA?
Any foreign financial institution that does not enter with the IRS will be listed as Non-Participating FFI and any US-source payments to these institutions will also be subject to 30% withholding tax that is deducted directly from the IRS.
What does an FFI have to do?
An FFI may enter into an agreement with the US revenue authorities requiring it to report all US citizens' accounts. They must be able to capture the status of an individual, have systems to withhold tax and to report. Certain countries like the US, Italy, Spain and France are currently negotiating an agreement with the US government to facilitate the exchange of information.
All FFIs must start registering and sign up to FATCA by June 30, 2013. The withholding tax will be phased in over a number of years commencing with US source income payments in January 2014.
FATCA necessitates certain US taxpayers holding foreign financial assets with an aggregate value exceeding $50,000 to report these assets on new IRS form 8938 and this must be attached to the tax payer's annual tax return.
For most tax payers this will be for tax year 2011, which will be filed in 2012. Failure to report a form 8938 will result in a penalty of $10,000 and $50,000 for continued failure, plus up to 40% penalty for non-reporting of foreign assets.
Does FATCA only apply to banks?
No, the rules also apply to foreign financial institutions as well as non-financial foreign entities, therefore foreign insurance companies as well.
What should US citizens living abroad do?
deVere Group is the world's leading independent financial consultancy group, with more than $10 billion of funds under advice and administration, and over 80,000 clients around the world.
We assured our clients that as FATCA came into law in 2013 our financial advisers would be specialised and will help create customised products for US clients. deVere is now offering its American clients different ways to invest their money that could possibly give them attractive tax advantages, whilst remaining in-line with US laws and regulations.
Nigel Green, CEO of the deVere Group, specified that the company invested heavily in working towards creating a global network of products to achieve with the implementation of FATCA. "We believe that banks not accepting US citizens can act as an investment deterrent for our American clients and have thus made big efforts to be fully equipped to advise them on legal tax efficient solutions that increase their options and allows them to enjoy the benefits of international investments. As an international IFA with offices in most expat countries and the States, deVere is uniquely positioned to offer this advice to US expatriates".
deVere Group holds numerous specialised informative seminars on FATCA. Book your place online or speak to a deVere Financial Adviser today.


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Bonnybrook Farms Adventure - Ohio. Find It Here.
Looking for some old-fashioned fun and a yummy farm-cooked dinner that the whole family will enjoy? Head to Bonnybrook Farms in Clarksville for their Chuck Wagon Dinner that is held on Saturday nights June through September. My family spent our Fourth of July holiday with the friendly folks at Bonnybrook.
Arrival is at 5 p.m. Bonnybrook gives you an hour to work up an appetite while exploring the farm and trying out various recreational activities. It isn't always easy to entertain teens, but the Giant Slingshots were a big hit with my kids. The goal is to shoot a tennis ball into a wagon.
We also enjoyed the silly fun of Clodhopper Golf. It's similar to miniature golf, but the putter is an ax handle with a horseshoe attached which you use to hit an inflated plastic ball. If your aim is off, your ball ends up in the weeds. It's harder than it looks.
Next, we strolled out to the animal barn to visit and pet the horses, goats, and donkeys. The farm also has a lake where you can feed the fish or go fishing (catch and release).
Bonnybrook has a Farm Yard Play Area that's perfect for younger kids. There are swings, see saws, a sand play area, and a giant underground slide. Kids love to scramble up the hill then slide through the tunnel.
Before we knew it, the dinner bell rang calling us to the beautifully decorated Gathering Barn for dinner. The menu includes hickory-smoked pork and chicken, Nathan's hot dogs, Asian cole slaw, red-skinned potato salad, and baked macaroni and cheese. Everything is freshly made on the farm and delicious.
After dinner we had a little more time to play, and then at 7:30 it was time for the wagon ride.
The wagon ride took us down a winding country road through woods and fields where we saw deer. After a scenic ride, we arrived down at the creek where dessert was ready and waiting for us. Steaming hot coffee, apple cake, and chocolate chip cookies were waiting for us. We enjoyed our desserts around a campfire. Bonnybrook also supplied everything we needed to make s'mores.
When everyone was completely stuffed, we watched the sun set as the wagon took us back to the Gathering Barn. Bonnybrook Farms' Chuck Wagon Dinner got five thumbs up from my family. There was something fun for all ages.
The Chuck Wagon Dinners run through September. In October, Bonnybrook hosts Fall Farm Days, Lantern Light Wagon Rides, and a Corn Maze.