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Tobruk eller Tubruq er en havneby i det nordøstlige Libyen i nærheden af grænsen mod Egypten. Byen har ca. 110.000 indbyggere (2006).

Tobruk ligger 150 km vest for den egyptiske grænse ved den historiske kystvej Via Balbia, der løber mellem Alexandria og Tripoli. Fra Tobruk går den mod vest til det 300 km fjerntliggende Benghazi og mod øst til den egyptiske grænse ved Musaid og Sollum. 25 km syd for Tobruk går der en ørkenvejen Tobruk–Adschdabija 410 km mod sydvest til Ajdabiya.

Tobruk har en, naturlig, dyb, godt beskyttet havn som er omgivet af ørkenen. Syd for Tobruk er det mange klipper, som i resten af det østlige Libyen. Klipperne former en naturlig barrière i forhold til resten af Libyen, da de overvejende er højest og stejlest på sydsiden, mens nordsiden er lavere og mere tilgængelig.

Syd for byen ligger også det østlige Libyens største lufthavn som sammen med havnen, jernbaneforbindelsen og den beskyttelse klipperne var årsagen til at Tobruk var strategisk vigtig under den 2. verdenskrig. Jernbanen forbinder Tobruk med det østlige Liben og Egypten via regionen Matruh. Mod vest forbinder den byen med Benghazi. Jernbanelinien mellem El Alamein i Egypten og Tobruk blev bygget af det britiske statssamfund under den anden verdenskrig.

Historie
Tidligere var Tobruk en landbrugskoloni under Oldtidens Grækenland, og blev kaldt Antipyrgos (Antipyrgus), et navn som af og til stadig bruges. Navnet betyder «på den anden side af Middelhavet set fra Pyrgos» ( som lå på Kreta. Under Romerriget var Tobruk et romersk fort som bevogtede fronten ved provinsen Kyrenaika. Senere blev byen en station på karavaneruten langs Nordafrikas kyst.

Fra 1911 til begyndelsen af 2. verdenskrig var Tobruk en mindre by i den italienske koloni i Libyen med ca 2 000 indbyggere, og var en strategisk vigtig havn.

Den 22. januar 1941 erobrede engelske, australske og indiske styrker byen og ca. 25.000 italienske soldater blev krigsfanger. Tobruk blev på dette tidspunkt forsvaret af en australsk enhed, der i april afværgede to erobringsforsøg fra det tyske Afrikakorps og i august 1941 også af polske enheder. Indtil slutningen af 1941 blev byen belejret og massivt bombaderet af det tyske luftvåben. Den 21. juni 1942 indtog tyskerne under ledelse af Erwin Rommel Tobruk. 32.000 allierede soldater blev krigsfanger. Imidlertid tilbagerobrede de allierede styrker byen 11. november 1942.

Flere krigskirkegårde og mindesmærker minder om de hårde kampe ved Tobruk under den anden verdenskrig. På krigskirkegården Commonwealth Cemetery er der begravet soldater fra Storbritannien, Australien, New Zealand, Sydafrika, Polen, Canada, Frankrig og Grækenland. En kirkegård og mindesmærke minder om de 6.026 tyske soldater, der blev dræbt i Libyen. Deres grave blev i 1955 af Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge flyttet til Tobruk.

Nogle år efter 2. verdenkrigs slutning blev Libyen selvstændig, og Tobruk blev fra starten af 1960'erne en vigtig udskibningshavn for olie. En oliepipeline fra Sariroliefeltet 500 km mod syd ender ved Tobruk.

Den 22. februar 2011 blev byen erobret af libyske oprørere, der kæmpede mod Muammar al-Gaddafis regime.

Eksterne henvisninger

Byer i Libyen


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The long awaited Dinosaur Kingdom is back now. Go & Visit various of activities related to Dinosaur with your lovely family members especially those whose love Dinosaur so much.
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The official launch for the 2018 Cork City Sports took place at Johnson Controls headquarters, One Albert Quay. The sports was officially launched by Athletics Ireland CEO, Hamish Adams.
The annual Cork City Sports International Athletics Meeting now in its 67th year, takes place at the Cork Institute of Technology (CIT) Athletic Stadium, Bishopstown, Cork on Monday evening July 16th at 5.30pm and will feature a host of leading international athletes from around the world.
Leading Irish athletes who will compete in Cork include Thomas Barr, Phil Healy, Ciara Mageean, Paul Byrne, Sean Tobin.
One of the highlights of the meeting will see the local sprint sensation from Bandon AC, Phil Healy, against former World Indoor Champion and last years defending champion Barbara Pierre in the 100M. Phil also takes on the Canadian Record holder, Crystal Emmanuel in the 200M. Emmanuel broke the 32 year old Canadian record at last year's Cork City Sports and has subsequently been a finalist in the World Championships and Commonwealth Games. There are also a couple of very fast Jamaican athletes in both events. She wants to try and break the Canadian record two years in a row at the Cork meeting.
The mens 200M will also be one to watch. Last year's 100M and 200M champion, Sean McClean USA, is back to defend his titles. It will be a difficult task as he will be up against another Canadian Bismark Boateng, Irelands Thomas Barr, and two extremely fast Americans, Curtis Mitchell and Dedric Dukes. Boateng is currently ahead of Andre DeGrasse in the 2018 Canadian rankings. Irish star Thomas Barr is getting himself ready for the European Championships in the 400M Hurdles and is using the shorter distance at the Cork City Sports to sharpen his speed.
The mens mile will be an outstanding race. Last year nine athletes went under the magic four minute barrier. This year five out of the top six in that race are back to try and take the title. The field will also include two extremely fast Americans, Johnny Gregorek and Will Geoghegan who have featured right throughout the American Indoor season. Sean Tobin from Ireland will also be in the field after running a magnificent 3.57.00 here last year to take third spot. There is a strong possibility that the winner of this year's Wanamaker Mile at the Millrose Games, Chris O Hare, will also contest this event. Chris is also a winner at last year's London Diamond League and one of Britains best ever middle distance athletes.
Last year saw a wonderful womens hammer competition producing a meeting record of 71.19M by Sweden's Ida Storm. If Ida is going to retain her title this year she will probably have to match that distance or maybe exceed it. Her competition in the event will include Kathrin Klaas from Germany, fourth place at the London Olympics and Sophie Hitchon, Britains number one and Bronze medalist at the Rio Olympics. Also in the field will be another Swedish athlete Tracey Andersson who is also a 70M + thrower.
In the mens High Jump there is sure to be some exciting competition between the Gold and Silver medalists at the recent Commonwealth Games, Brandon Starc of Australia and Jamal Wilson of the Bahamas, respectively. They will not have it all their own way as there are also two very good Malaysian jumpers in the field with personal bests of 2.30M.
With athletes from Ireland, USA, Australia, Ethiopia, The Bahamas, Jamaica, South Africa, New Zealand, Czech Republic, Sweden, Spain, Japan, Kazakhstan, Canada, Kenya, England, Poland, France, Hungary, Bulgaria, Russia, Germany and Slovenia, already confirmed, a feast of athletics goes ahead on Monday 16th July with a 5.30 pm start; a great evening out for all the family at CIT Athletics Stadium, Bishopstown.
The Cork City Sports Committee wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Irish Sports Council, Sport Ireland, Cork City Council, Cork County Council, Cork ETB, Cork County Board AAI and Leevale Athletic Club.
We would like to thank our Event Sponsors, Johnson Controls, Cork Airport, John Buckley Sports, Leisureworld, AON Hewitt, Musgraves Super Value /Centra, Henry Ford & Son Ltd ,KBC Bank, Barry's Tea, Johnson & Perrott Ltd., The River Lee Hotel, FDC Financial Services, Dukes Coffee Company,JCD,Group, EVROS, DPS Engineering,, Glenilen Farm, O'Callaghan Properties, FMC Pharmaceuticals, O'Leary Insurance Group,, and our Media sponsors, Evening Echo and Cork 96FM C103.
L-R, Paddy Buckley, Chairman Cork Athletics, Tony O'Connell, Chairman Cork City Sports, Hamish Adams, CEO Athletics Ireland, Cllr Declan Hurley, Mayor of County Cork, Cllr Tony Fitzgerald, Lord mayor of Cork City, Donal Sullivan, VP Johnson Controls and Frank Walley, President Cork City Sports.


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The Most Dramatic Podcast Ever....
It's been a couple of years since Chris Harrison has spoken publicly since getting accused of racism and cancelled from hosting The Bachelor.
He has decided to tell his side or view point of what happened during the season featuring the first black bachelorette, Rachel Lindsay. Chris Harrison just release this teaser about his new podcast, "I have not spoken publicly for two years about this. We'll see how it goes … I think it will be cathartic. I'm looking forward to getting this off my shoulders."
The first episode becomes available on January 9th. He titled his podcast after the most-repeated phrase while promoting the reality series, The Most Dramatic Podcast Ever… With Chris Harrison.


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Initiative Q Won't Solve Bitcoin's Problem
Panos Mourdoukoutas Contributor
Initiative Q won't solve Bitcoin's problem of mass adoption because it isn't a digital currency. It's just a pipe dream going the OneCoin way.
Bitcoin and other major digital "currencies" begin on the supply side of the market. And they have big promise: to make market transactions fast, efficient, inexpensive, and free from the control of central bankers and big banks. But they have a big problem, too: how to gain broad acceptance by a critical mass of users.
Thus far, none of the major digital currencies have solved this problem. They haven't gained acceptance beyond the "technology enthusiasts," a small group in the "Rogers Curve" -- a model marketers use to explain how new products reach the masses.
Initiative Q claims to have a solution to this problem, by beginning with the demand side of the market. It is attempting to create a critical mass of users first, and then come up with the digital currency to serve it.
Simply put, there's no digital currency to speak of, a "new" Bitcoin that will solve the problems of the "old" Bitcoin.
"Initiative Q is not the new Bitcoin," says Shidan Gouran, President and CEO of Global Blockchain. "Initiative Q is actually highly questionable in its very concept, because it seems as if it was purposely meant to be mysterious. "
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Why compare it with Bitcoin? Apparently, for the buzz such comparison is expected to generate in the cryptocurrency community.
"I would compare it as a "new bitcoin" in the sense of creating wide scale awareness and potential adoption, but it will function very differently in reality, " says Jeff Ramson, Founder & CEO PCG Advisory Group. "Initiative Q is growing based on a brilliant social marketing scheme. They are growing the network rapidly, and I can see this as a self-fulfilling prophecy of a new payment system as they will have an enormous number of global users."
A better comparison for this social marketing scheme would be a pyramid scheme, according to Gouran.
"The comparisons of Initiative Q to a pyramid scheme are spot-on, because that is exactly the way Initiative Q looks. They promise some kind of irresistibly lucrative payout, in exchange for what seems to be nominal consideration, with the first step being to recruit people who you know."
Cryptocurrency trader Abraham Merkin would rather compare Initiative Q to Stellar. "Everything functional about Q Initiative is within the capabilities of Stellar, which is a better foil than Bitcoin."
Still, Q isn't Stellar. "It's hard to say how Q payments expands on Stellar other than in its grandiosity. And although Stellar does have a distribution system for its currency, the viability and inter-organizational applications of the platform just give it greater weight than saying that 'if all your friends buy this we'll figure out the rest,'" adds Merkin.
That's why he sees Q going the OneCoin way. "I see Q Initiative going the way of OneCoin... Another MLM adjacent pipe dream with a different piper."
Gallery: Tamashii Nation 2018
Panos Mourdoukoutas
I'm Professor and Chair of the Department of Economics at LIU Post in New York. I also teach at Columbia University. I've published several articles in professional jour...


Join us at KALEID gallery for the next TWO BUCK Tuesdays $2 art sale, quirky speaker series and a newly added live sketch session!
This edition of TBT is curated by Michael Foley.
– Christine Benjamin will give a demonstration on how she creates her creatures in 3D with needle felting. She started needle felting earlier this year in order to translate her painted characters in 3 dimension. She is currently experimenting with adding other materials to her creations such as wood, wire and found objects.
– Andrew Clark shall discuss his miraculous mustache ( think Dali, but with a twist)the history of the mustache and how he maintains his mustache of panache. A witty Charismatic artist working currently with found objects.
– Derek Scott will be speaking about Beatseqr, a local homegrown musical instrument. His work creating his own recording label via the internet and working in the electronic music scene.
– Dereck Scott & fellow Dobox artist shall collaborate and create improvised experimental electronic music.
– Yumiko Miyagawa, aka "DJ COCO" shall DJ an eclectic mix of different music.
Artists will be creating original pieces of art through the evening.
Artists will place their finished pieces up on a wall for people to purchase. Original works of arts by established artists going at amazing affordable pricing of $5-30 a piece. Artists are encouraged to come and participate as well (bring your own art supplies).
If you're an artist that would like to participate in the Two Buck Tuesdays $2 art sale, just bring in 6-8 works of art sized 4″ x 6″ or smaller with your full contact info on the back (you keep all the proceeds) no later than Saturday September 12th at 3pm.


There are several shoe storage items like this available, but the reason I like this one in particular is because of the boot storage compartments. And, after reading the reviews, it turns out you can actually fit a pair of boots in each slot, making room for four pairs instead of two. This would be nice for a coat closet to keep everyone's shoes organized and off of the floor! Pick one up here on Amazon.
I have my rolls of foil, plastic wrap and wax paper all stuffed into a drawer in my kitchen but have been looking for a better solution to free up much needed drawer space. This rack is designed to hold them perfectly and comes with hardware to easily mount it behind a pantry door or cabinet. I would stack 2 or 3 of them behind my pantry door for plastic bags, spaghetti boxes, Pringles, or anything else long and narrow that would fit! Pick them up here on Amazon.


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Sadtu says Motshekga bowed to pressure from Umalusi to allow rewrite
December 10, 2020 Written by Admin
The South African Democratic Teachers Union (Sadtu) has accused Basic Education Minister Angie Motshekga of bowing to pressure from Umalusi's chief executive, Mafu Rakometsi, in her decision to announce the national rewrite of two leaked matric exam papers.
In papers filed at the Pretoria high court, Sadtu's general secretary Mugwena Maluleke says consultations with teacher unions and other stakeholders in the basic education sector found the overwhelming view was that a rewrite was not necessary.
Mugwena also says Motshekga has not referenced any legislation to support the decision of the rewrite.
On Thursday, the Pretoria high court will hear the case of Sadtu and several learners, who have taken Motshekga, Umalusi, the department of basic education and the director-general of basic education, Mathanzima Mweli, to court to challenge the rewrite.
On Friday last week, Motshekga announced a national rewrite of mathematics paper two and the physical science paper two, both of which were leaked hours before they were written. The scheduled rewrite dates are 15 December for mathematics and 17 December for physical science.
'Panic-stricken Motshekga'
In an affidavit, Maluleke argues that it appeared that the National Examination Irregularities Committee (NEIC), examination panellists and forensic experts were rendered obsolete because of the threat imposed by the quality assurer Umalusi to Motshekga.
At last week Friday's briefing, Motshekga said Umalusi had indicated that it would not recognise the results of the two subjects that were leaked.
"We can't risk, as a sector, any situation where Umalusi disowns the results. It is too risky," Motshekga said.
Maluleke said for objectivity Rakometsi — who is the 12th respondent in Sadtu's papers — should not have taken part in the discussions about the leaked papers until the results were presented to Umalusi.
He said it now sounds as if Motshekga took the decision being held "at gunpoint" Umalusi.
Maluleke added that a "panic-stricken" Motshekga seemed to be "extremely fearful" of Umalusi, which had "unjustifiably entered the terrain of the exam leakage, investigation and proposed solutions".
According to the affidavit, at a meeting held with teacher unions, other stakeholders and the department, the overwhelming view was that, because the evidence was inadequate to confirm a widespread leak, a rewrite would disadvantage the large number of candidates who did not have access to the two question papers.
Maluleke added that Hedcom had also made a "valid point" that the department and provincial departments must continue with investigations and resort to all other available mechanisms of identifying the learners who had access to the question papers. The departments must then follow regulated procedures to deal with those learners who had access to the leaked question papers. Hedcom is a forum made up of the director of basic education, the deputy directors and the heads of provincial departments of education.
"The panic-stricken first respondent [Motshekga] imposes an unjust and psychological punishment to the entire [cohort] matric learners who wrote the two subjects simply because of the following figures under the pretext of the credibility of the results and also as advocated by the 12th respondent [Rakometsi]," Maluleke said.
No reasons for a rewrite
"The first respondent does not quote even a single piece of legislative provision that authorises her to subject innocent learners to rewrite what they have already written. This is not a surprise because no such legislative authority exists. Therefore, the first respondent's actions are unlawful," Maluleke said.
According to his affidavit, Motshekga has not "explicitly" set out reasons why a rewrite is necessary. Maluleke says in the absence of a "factual foundation", it can be concluded that the decision is "arbitrary and irrational in the sense that it lacked any logical justification".
He also mentions that there have been no paper leaks in recent years, but these did not lead to national rewrites. "We have no history of national rewrites."
Instead, the NEIC had conducted investigations that identified the culprits, who were then dealt with according to the regulations.
"There are basically no valid reasons why the same legal approach cannot be explored successfully," he said.
Sadtu wants the court to declare Motshekga's decision unlawful, unconstitutional, invalid and for it to be set aside. The teachers union also wants Motshekga to be interdicted from proceeding with the decision to have any learners who had no sight of the leaked question papers to rewrite.
The Pretoria high court will also hear from several learners who want it to declare the national rewrite unconstitutional, set it aside and interdict Motshekga from going ahead with it.
At a press briefing on Friday, Motshekga had said that a preliminary investigation said that it would be impossible to determine the scale of the leaks since the papers were shared on social media. However, the department has also established with certainty that the paper had reached 195 learners.
The learners fighting the rewrite
On Monday, the Mail & Guardian reported that four matric learners from schools in Pretoria approached the court.
The four learners were Lienke Spies and Gerhard Burger from Gereformeerde Skool Dirk Postma, Izak Jacobus Arnold from Montana high school and Christiana Swanepoel from Afrikaans Hoër Seunskool. The law firm Hurter Spies is representing the learners, and AfriForum is the fifth applicant in the matter.
In an affidavit, Lienke said the learners had learned about the leaks from media reports and a press briefing by Motshekga after they had written the two papers. Lienke said it was unfair for the department to use "collective punishment" when a large majority of the learners had not set sight on the leaked question papers.
Other learners who have filed papers in the high court include Itha Wessels, Eesa Omar, Pheelo Moeketsi, Alanis Lisbel Medina Gomez and Nomonde Radebe. Rianie Strijdom Attorney represents these learners, who cite Gauteng education MEC Panyaza Lesufi as the second respondent.
These learners also want the court to compel Motshekga and Umalusi to ensure their answer scripts are marked and kept safely.
PWG Attorneys represent Itumeleng Samkelo Nkambule and Inam Phiwokuhle Bhembe from Ligbron Academy of Learning in Ermelo, Mpumalanga and Marne van der Merwe from Klerksdorp Hoërskool in North West. In an affidavit filed by Gerhardus Beukes Prinsloo — the learners' attorney — he argues that matric learners have already attended year-end celebrations such as Rage. Others have gone on celebratory holidays in unidentified locations across the country and overseas.
"On the basis that the decision can be effectively and timeously communicated to all matrics, it will constitute a catastrophic increase in the risk of Covid-19 infections throughout the country," he says.
From superspreader parties back to the exam room
Prinsloo adds that Health Minister Zweli Mkhize — who is the 12th respondent in this set of papers — has said that the events attended by matric learners are superspreaders.
Mkhize has indicated that the holiday spots matriculants gathered at after exams are now considered to have led to superspreaders events.
"It is obvious that the entire nations' health would be placed at risk with the implementation of the decision. Infected matrics will return from the superspreader events. They will infect their classmates. All of them are about [to spend] time with family, including parents and grandparents, over the festive season. It will cause Covid-19 to spread like wildfire if it [is] correct that 90% of matrics attending the superspreader events are positive, as has been reported," argued Prinsloo.
In a statement on Sunday, Mkhize said that several Covid-19 positive cases were traced to the Ballito Rage and that the event was a "superspreader".
In Gauteng alone, the provincial department of health has said that 1 300 matric learners attended the rage event and that it had embarked on a mission to trace them. The department also called for these learners to quarantine for 10 days.
Department of basic education spokesperson Elijah Mhlanga told the M&G on Wednesday that the department had asked the court to combine the cases into one matter for convenience, adding that logistically it makes sense because everyone was seeking a similar outcome from the court. The case will be heard in court tomorrow for arguments.
Another reason why the case was postponed from its original date of Wednesday was to allow the department of basic education to file answering affidavits.
Women match officials score a win
Put human rights at the centre of our battle against Covid-19


The Chevalier's Dice Problem – in a nutshell.
This is a true story about New York gambling-house operator, The Butch, who made his fortune booking dice games. In 1952 he was famously challenged by a bigtime gambler known as The Brain to a simple wager. The bet was an even-money proposition that the Butch could throw a double-six in 21 rolls of two dice. We can assume symmetry – the dice were not loaded or biased in any way. All faces were equally likely to come up. So the probability of any number appearing on a given roll of either one of the dice is 1/6.
On the face of it, the edge seems to be with Butch. After all, there are 36 possible combinations that could come up when throwing two dice, from 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, to 6-4, 6-5, 6-6. Intuition might suggest, therefore, that 18 throws should give you a 50-50 chance of throwing any one of these combinations, including a double-six. In 21 throws, the chance of a double-six should, therefore, be more than 50-50. On this basis, the Butch accepted the even money bet at $1,000 a roll. After twelve hours of rolling, the Brain was $49,000 up, at which point the Butch called it a day, sensing that something was wrong with his strategy.
The Brain had in fact profited from a classic probability puzzle known as the Chevalier's Dice problem, which can be traced to the 17th French gambler and bon vivant, Antoine Gombaud, better known as the Chevalier de Méré. The Chevalier would agree even money odds that in four rolls of a single die he would get at least one six. His logic seemed impeccable. The Chevalier reasoned that since the chance that a 6 will come up in any one roll of the die is 1 in 6, then the chance of getting a 6 in four rolls is 4/6, or 2/3, which is a good bet at even money. If the probability was a half, he would break even at even money. For example, in 300 games, at 1 French franc a game, he would stake 300 francs and expect to win 150 times, returning him 150 francs for each win with his stake returned on each occasion (total of 300 francs). With a probability of 2/3, he would expect to win 200 times, yielding a good profit.
In fact, it is straightforward to show that this reasoning is faulty, for if it were correct, then we would calculate the chance of a 6 in five rolls of the die as 5/6, and therefore the chance of a 6 in six rolls of the die would be 6/6 = 100%, and in 7 rolls, 7/6!!! Something is therefore clearly wrong here.
Still, even though his reasoning was faulty, he continued to make a profit by playing the game at even money. To see why, we need to calculate the true probability of getting a 6 in four rolls of the die. The key idea here is that the number that comes up on each roll is independent of any other rolls, i.e. dice have no memory. Since each event is independent, we can (according to the laws of probability) multiply the probabilities.
So the probability of a 6 followed by a 6, followed by a 6, followed by a 6, is: 1/6 x 1/6 x 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/1296.
So what is the chance of getting at least one six in four rolls of the die?
Since the probability of getting a 6 in any one roll of the die = 1/6, the probability of NOT getting a 6 in any one roll of the die = 5/6.
So the chance of getting at least one 6 is 1 minus this, i.e. 1 – (625/1296) = 671/1296 = 0.5177, which > 0.5.
So, the odds are still in favour of the Chevalier, since he is agreeing even money odds on an event with a probability of 51.77%.
This was all very well as long as it lasted, but eventually the Chevalier decided to branch out and invent a new, slightly modified game. In the new game, he asked for even money odds that a pair of dice, when rolled 24 times, will come up with a double-6 at least once. His reasoning was the same as before, and quite similar to the reasoning employed by the Butch. If the chance of a 6 on one roll of the die is 1/6, then the chance of a double-6 when two dice are thrown = 1/6 x 1/6 (as they are independent events) = 1/36.
So, reasoned the Chevalier, the chance of at least one double-6 in 24 throws is: 24/36 = 2/3.
The probability of a double-6 in one throw of a pair of dice = 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36.
So the probability of NO double-6 in one throw of a pair of dice = 35/36.
So, the probability of no double-6 in 24 throws of a pair of dice = 35/36 x 35/36 … 24 times = 35/36 to the power of 24, i.e. (35/36)24 = 0.5086.
So probability of at least one double-6 is 1 minus this, i.e. 1 – 0.5086 = 0.4914, i.e. less than 0.5. Under the terms of the new game, the Chevalier was betting at even money on a game which he lost more often than he won. It was an error that the Butch was to repeat almost 300 years later!
What if the Chevalier had changed the game to give himself 25 throws?
1 – (35/36)25 = 0.5055.
These odds, at even money, are in favour of the Chevalier, but this probability is still lower than the probability of obtaining one '6' in four throws of a single die.
In the single-die game, the Chevalier has a house edge of 51.77% – 48.23% = 3.54%.
A better game for the Chevalier would have been to offer even money that he could get at least one run of ten heads in a row in 1024 tosses of a coin. The derivation of this probability is similar in method to the dice problem.
First, we need to determine the probability of 10 heads in 10 tosses of a fair coin.
Odds = (1/2)10 = 1/1024, i.e. 1023/1.
Based on this, what is the probability of at least one run of 10 heads in 1024 tosses of the coin? Is it 0.5? No, because although you can expect ONE run of 10 heads on average, you could obtain zero, 2, 3, 4, etc.
So what is the probability of NO RUN of 10 heads in 1024 tosses of the coin?
So probability of AT LEAST one run of 10 heads = 63%.
Now assume you have tossed the coin already 234 times out of 1024, without a run of 10 heads, what is your chance now of getting 10 heads?
So probability of at least one success = 54%.
The Chevalier could have played either of these games and expected to come out ahead. But the game would have taken a long time. He preferred the shorter game, which produced the longer loss.
Until he was put right by Monsieur Pascal.
Most importantly, though, the Chevalier's question led to a correspondence, most of which has survived, which led to the foundations of modern probability theory.
Out of this correspondence emerged quite a few jewels, one of which has become known as the 'Gambler's Ruin' problem.
This is an idea set in the form of a problem by Pascal for Fermat, subsequently published by Christiaan Huygens ('On reasoning in games of chance', 1657) and formally solved by Jacobus Bernoulli ('Ars Conjectandi', 1713).
One way of stating the problem is as follows. If you play any gambling game long enough, will you eventually go bankrupt, even if the odds are in your favour, if your opponent has unlimited funds?
For example say that you and your opponent toss a coin, where the loser pays the winner £1. The game continues until either you or your opponent has all the money. Suppose you have £10 to start and your opponent has £20. What are the probabilities that a) you and b) your opponent, will end up with all the money?
Where n1 is the amount of money that player 1 starts with, and n2 is the amount of money that player 2 starts with, and P1 and P2 are the probabilities that player 1 or player 2, your opponent, wins.
In this case, you start with £10 of the £30 total, and so have a 10/ (10+20) = 10/30 = 1/3 chance of winning the £30; your opponent has a 2/3 chance of winning the £30. But even if you do win this game, and you play the game again and again, against different opponents, or the same one who has borrowed more money, eventually you will lose your entire bankroll. This is true even if the odds are in your favour. Eventually you will meet a long-enough bad streak to bankrupt you. In other words, infinite capital will overcome any finite odds against it. This is one version of the 'Gambler's Ruin' problem, and many gamblers over the years have been ruined because of their unawareness of it.
What is the probability of throwing at least one double-six in 26 throws of a pair of dice?
You and your opponent toss a coin, where the loser pays the winner £10. The game continues until either you or your opponent has all the money. Suppose you have £100 to start and your opponent has £400. What are the probabilities that a) you and b) your opponent, will end up with all the money?
« The Pascal-Fermat 'Problem of Points' – in a nutshell.


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Home MMA Bellator Gilbert Melendez and Bellator Have Agreed to Multi-Fight Deal
Gilbert Melendez and Bellator Have Agreed to Multi-Fight Deal
SciFighting News Desk
Feb 14, 2014 at 7:00 PM PDT
(Photo by Jeff Bottari/Zuffa LLC/Zuffa LLC via Getty Images)
The career of Gilbert Melendez in the UFC took a strange turn the other day when UFC president Dana White basically signed off on him in a quote relayed through Ariel Helwani on Wednesday's edition of UFC Tonight.
We made our own speculation here but who knew a move would come this soon. Bellator announced it in a press release sent out late Friday night.
Melendez's contract ran out after his fight of the year candidate against Diego Sanchez at UFC 166. The win over Sanchez brought his UFC record to 1-1 after a controversial loss in his debut as he challenged then-champion Benson Henderson for his lightweight crown.
Melendez (22-3) was briefly linked to a bout with Khabib Nurmagomedov at UFC 170 as shown on an early promotional poster but the fight was clearly never finalized and the billing was removed from the promotional material.
The deal with Bellator was drawn out as a multi-year, multi-fight one that the UFC now has the chance to match if they desire. The deal is not completely finalized, just agreed upon.
World Series of Fighting executive vice president and match maker Ali Abdel-Aziz made an offer over Twitter to acquire Melendez. Abdel-Aziz is known as being proactive in these situations as he called out Bellator to a promotion vs. promotion PPV event, but an actual deal was never reached or formally discussed for that matter.
Here is Abdel-Aziz's tweet:
(Courtesy @AliAbdelAziz00)
Here is Bellator MMA Chairman Bjorn Rebney on signing Melendez to Bellator:
"The moment Gil was legally able to explore the free agent market, Gil's management team reached out to me and we began figuring out how to bring Gil to Bellator," said Bellator Chairman & CEO Bjorn Rebney. "It's no secret that I've been a big "El Nino" fan for many years. Gil was one of the first fighters I tried to sign when I launched Bellator back in 2008, and he's grown and developed into one of the best and most exciting lightweights on earth. Gil has a vision for what he wants to accomplish both inside and outside the cage and we can help make his vision a reality. We are in the business of developing and showcasing the greatest fighters on earth. That's what we intend to do here with Gil and it's what we'll continue to do in the future."
For updates on this news as they become available visit SciFighting.com
Ali Abdel-Aziz
diego sanchez
gilbert melendez
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SciFighting's mission is to bring a higher standard of fitness to both the professional athlete and general population through concise reporting on the latest trends in the science of fighting. Our involvement in mixed martial arts spans both the professional and recreational realms of the sports. In addition to reporting on the news in the industry we function as a think tank, researching new facets of combat science and developing new tools and techniques to analyze theoretical and practical applications.


We purchased Intelleral in November of 2016. The ad looked promising, and I double-checked for the "gotchas" (the small print that stated their terms and policy), and I couldn't see anything, which should have been my first clue.
It was supposed to be a free bottle to try for 14 days. I thought it was worth the trial and requested my "FREE" product, except for shipping charges.
I got the product in just a couple of days and gave it a quick once-over, but decided I wasn't interested. What I didn't do was call the factory (there were no telephone numbers listed on any forms, how convenient). Because I had not returned the product within 12 days (not 14), I found a $70 charge from Intelleral for the product. I was livid.
I searched the internet for a phone number that would give me access to the head office. I called and complained and was told that the terms clearly stated that I would be charged $70 for the free trial if I did not cancel and that another charge for $70 would automatically be billed to my account every month for further shipments. When I challenged the charge, I was told it was fully legal per the terms (which I later found in another ad, and the color of the word Terms was slightly different than the other words and would normally be missed, but beware, it's a link you needed to click on see what you're really committing to).
After arguing with the Intelleral operator, he said he would return 1/2 of the $70. When I said I would print my feelings about Intelleral on the internet, he offered the full refund. I was told it would arrive in ten days. It has never been returned to our account. On several subsequent calls, I again asked for my refund, and they said I would have to check with my bank, that they couldn't trace it from their end. My bank responded that Intelleral had an obligation to track the return from their end as the bank had no way of tracking this. Intelleral said they issued a refund and would do nothing; it wasn't their fault the money never got back to my account.
The bottom line is that I believe thousands, maybe millions, have bought into their scam. They want your money and don't care about honesty. They know that most people don't look at the individual items charged to their account, and if they do, they never bother to verify that a refund actually took place.
I believe Intelleral has made millions off of selling ground-up green coffee beans in a capsule for more than a buck a pill. If you want to sign up and try the product, go ahead. Just don't expect to get your money back when you decide it's not worth paying for.
Wow! Wow, that's exactly how I feel. This should be illegal.


What do you and I think we mean when we say things like "My life is a mess, and I hate it"? We behave as if our lives were like play scripts, written and directed by someone else, which we have somehow been forced to participate in without ever having been consulted. We think, if only we could exchange them for another, the way we do a movie videotape at the supermarket, we could stick the one of our choice into the cosmic VCR machine, and then we would be happy!
But it is not like that. Our lives are not going on around us, or unfolding on top of us, or being shoved at us. In fact, our lives are not in any way separate from us. Our lives are ourselves. We are our lives. We and our lives are one and the same thing. Wherever we go, our lives go with us, because we're them, and they're us. That's why, however many changes we make "out there", nothing seems to change. Our lives will not change, because they cannot change, until we change.
Our lives are a complete, accurate, and, at any given moment, current reflection of ourselves. Our lives are a mirror. And they are a very good, perhaps even too good, mirror. Obviously, if we do not like what we see in a mirror, there is no point fiddling with, much less cursing, the reflection. We must change ourselves.
Every year, dozens of new books appear in stores, bearing titles like "How To Make Your Life Work For You" or "Getting Your Life in Order" or "Fixing Your Life in Three Easy Steps" (typically, with an introduction by the best-selling author of some other, similar book). These and their cousins in magazine articles and workshops all promise instant solutions to whatever problems our lives have created for us. Unfortunately, most of them are no help at all, because, the fact is, there are no solutions – because there is no problem.
Our lives are working just fine. In fact, if there's a problem, it is that our lives work too well. It is because they reflect our state of mind, our current state of being, our convictions about our nature and the nature of the Universe, who and what we think we are, so effectively, that we don't like them!
What we do not like about our lives is ourselves. Thus, the source of the anger and the violence and the confusion and the frustration and the chaos which you and I see all around us is not "out there". All of that stuff is coming from inside us. The impatience you felt today from that teller at the bank was your impatience. The jerk I had to deal with at the hardware store yesterday was me. Because we do not like those traits or tendencies in ourselves, because too often we do not even admit to having them, you and I unconsciously project them outward, and then perceive them in others.
Think about it. If I am a harbor of repressed anger, and I stand in front of a mirror, what will I see? If you are full of cheer and joy, and you stand in front of the same mirror, what will you see?
Jesus said, "Love your enemies." Why should we? Because our enemies – those people and those things to which we attach the label "enemy" – are indicators to us of what cleansing work we still need to do on ourselves. As the cartoon character Pogo used to say, "I have met the enemy, and he is us." If you and I wish to have peaceful lives, we must make peace with ourselves within ourselves.
Ask a Teacher, a Realized Master. He or she will tell you: Even while being stoned or nailed to a cross, they love everyone and everything around them, because they love what they are, and they are at peace. Peace is all they know and all they see. Likewise, you and I will see the lion and the lamb in the jungle lay down together the very same moment the lion and the lamb within us lay down together.
Search deeply within, and find out who you are. Ask yourself why you think the way you do, behave as you do. What is the source of your likes and dislikes, your inclinations and your prejudices, your habits and tendencies? Everything you believe about everything. Who taught those things to you? Suppose you had been born of different parents in a different country, attended different schools and had different teachers, would your beliefs be the same as they are now? Might you then be friends and allies with the very people you now distrust and despise? What does that tell you about the nature – the depth, the permanence, the validity – of your convictions? Remember, all of this stuff is being reflected back at you every single day, as your life.
If we do not like what we see, we can change it. In fact, only we can change it. But we must do it from the inside out. There is no other way.
Do not measure, consider, or judge a Teacher, a Spiritual Tradition, or your own spiritual choices by what others say of them, or even how they may seem to you to use them, misuse them, or abuse them. Find out for yourself.
The search for reality is the most dangerous of all undertakings, for it will destroy the world in which you live. But if your motive is love of truth and life, you need not be afraid.


Increases traffic to your blog – When you leave a comment on another blog, you are able to leave a link to your blog. Viewers of the comment see these links and often click through to see your blog.
Adds links to your blog – This is especially true if the blog you're leaving a comment on is a DoFollow* blog. Remember, links from high quality websites help to establish credibility with search engines and are driving factor in how well your articles rank in the search engines.
Getting noticed – If you add comments to high authority blogs within your niche you'll get noticed by the owners of those blogs. In return they may: visit and comment on your blog, promote your articles via social media, or maybe even link out to one or more of your articles.
A quick note on Do Follow – Many blogs don't implement Do Follow anymore as spammers very quickly learned they could use Do Follow blogs to generate links to their sites. This unfortunately resulted in a large amount of spam comments for higher traffic blogs and those blogs having a decent page rank. If you're blog is a higher traffic blog, than this is something you should consider. For new and smaller blogs though, I still strongly advocate Do Follow as it's a great way to encourage and receive comments. This blog is a Do Follow blog.
When commenting on other blogs, make sure you that you leave well thought out and valuable comments. Avoid leaving invaluable comments like "Great Article", "Good one" or "Hadn't thought of that". Always spend time adding value and perspective to the article. Look for ways of sharing your own unique thoughts or ideas related to the articles content, this will help you get noticed. If you disagree with the article, that's okay too, just do so in a respectful and thoughtful manner, never be rude.
Social media is quickly becoming as critical to your blog's success as ranking well on the various search engines. Sites like FaceBook and Twitter can drive a large amount of high quality traffic to your blog, but there's a catch: You must actively participate in social media. As you would expect, social media is very social. What I mean by that is that you have to be active in the community in order to have "followers" and friends. The number of followers or friends you have is directly proportional to how much traffic you will see as a result.
Talk to your community – Interact with your community and add perspective on their opinions and thoughts. Ask them questions and listen to their answers. Engage yourself in their discussions and provide value.
Help promote your community – If you help promote the members of your community, they, in return, will help promote you. The blogging world is definitely a "you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours" environment.
Be personable. Don't be shy about sharing a little of yourself. Let your community know that you are indeed a real person. I realize some people will be more comfortable than others here, but sharing a little of yourself with your community goes a long way in helping make you successful. People like to get to know you, don't be afraid to share a little of yourself with them.
Another popular social media site I like is StumbleUpon. StumbleUpon allows you to "channel surf" websites that are in categories you like and are interested in. As you channel surf you can like and dislike sites. The more likes a site gets, the more that site is shown to people channel surfing. StumbleUpon can drive a very large amounts of traffic to your blog. In general the traffic isn't real sticky, meaning most people will never come back, but some do. I've often found new blogs and sites I now really like using StumbleUpon.
Important: Don't stumble your own articles. I learned this one of the hard way 2 years ago when my account was basically blacklisted for a while. Also avoid stumbling friends sites or the same sites too often. This will also get you black listed.
As I mentioned above, blogging is a "scratch my back I'll scratch yours" world. A great way to get noticed and get traffic to your site is by linking out to other blogs within your niche. For example: Write a list post of your favorite blogs. Make sure you include a link to those blogs. The owners of those sites in return for you linking to them will help promote your article. One of my clients, Christopher over at The Happy Seeker learned the value in doing this recently with his list post.
Even when my blogs become fairly large with a good amount of traffic, I always continue to try and link out to other blogs I read and like. Why? Why help the competition? There is plenty of space so competition isn't really a problem until you become very big. Remember, blogging is very social, good deeds get returned with good deeds. Linking out to others increases your chance of getting linked to. Lastly, it provides value to your readers. Your readers will appreciate you linking out to other blogs.
Actively participating in online forums can result in a substantial traffic increase to your blog over time. The trick is you have to be active. There are online forums for almost any topic you can think of, and most likely their are numerous forums around the topic of your blog. Use a forum directory site like Big Boards to find 1 or 2 large forums focused on your blog's topic and join them.
At first, don't discuss your blog. Just become an active member of the forums. Use the forums to ask questions and learn more about your blog's topic. These topics can be great sources for article ideas. Even more important: provide well thought out and comprehensive responses to other member's posts. Engage in the discussions and make yourself be known as an active, knowledgeable and helpful member.
After a few weeks, go into the forums control panel and add a link to your blog in the signature. Don't announce that you've done this, just add it nonchalantly. What will happen is that after people in the forums read your post, they'll begin to click through to your blog. All of the sudden you now have targeted traffic visiting your blog. Forums members are the perfect audience and many times will become followers and readers of your blog.
Don't over use this strategy, but every so often if you've written an article you are particularly proud of, post about it in the forums. This will not only provide value to the forum community, but it will generate additional traffic to your blog and expose it more directly to new members of the forum.
One last tip on forums: pay attention to the forum rules! Many forums have particular rules about links in your signature and about post links to your websites. Make sure you don't violate the rules or you might get kicked out.
Forums are a win/win for bloggers. By participating you add value for the forum and to it's members, in return the forum can generate traffic to your blog and new readers.
Finally, they key strategy in getting traffic: Guest post. Writing guest posts for other blogs in your niche, especially big ones, can generate a large amount of very sticky traffic for your site. Writing guest posts also has the huge benefit of helping to get you noticed. Look for blogs in your niche that are large, meaning one's that have a large amount of readers and have authority in your niche. Think of a few good article topics and send an email to the blog's owner introducing yourself and asking if they accept guest articles. In your email propose a few article ideas you've come up along with stating that you're open to any ideas they may have as well.
One trick that will help your guest post idea be accepted: be a little "off topic". What I mean is the owner of the blog you're interested in guest posting on probably has tons of articles on their niche and probably lots of ideas for future articles as well. What can make you valuable as guest author is writing a guest article that is in the same theme as the target blog but is related to your particular niche.
If I blog on personal finance, I might want to propose an article for Darren Rowse at Problogger.net about how to handle your accounting and taxes when you earn income blogging. See what I mean? The article is related to blogging (which Problogger is about) but is also related to personal finance.
Perhaps I could write an article for Ryan at Cash Money Life who's blog is about personal finance. My article could focus on earning side income blogging or consulting on the side in order to pay off debt.
If I write about Catholicism and the holy rosary, it might be good to write an article about Catholicism on a Protestant blog or maybe even Atheistic blog. Sure it might stir up a little controversy, but controversial and engaging topics are sometimes the most popular, just make sure you have thick skin! My point with this example is think outside the box. Often you can write content relevant to your area of expertise but have it published on a blog that writes on a very different topic. The question you need to ask is: Would the audience be interested?
These are just a few examples but hopefully you get the gist of what I mean and these examples stir your creative juices.
You'll note one common theme with all of these strategies: They aren't free. Each and every one requires work and effort on your part. Some require more than others, but regardless traffic isn't free. I did intentionally focus on strategies that are easy and require a minimal time investment. As with most things in life, an increase in blog traffic requires time and effort. The more time and effort you put in, the more blog traffic you'll receive.
Regarding DoFollow comment spammers – I use the plugin WP-SpamFree which tells me where a comment is coming from such as inlineseo which tells people what sites are DoFollow. When I see that in the comment email I will usually delete the comment as 99% of the time it's spam.
Guest blogging is something I need to work more on for sure!
Ah nice. Thanks for the tip Craig, adding that one to my list to look into.
Thanks for the free information and helpful advice, it looks like this new blog venture of yours is going to do quite well.
Due to the upcoming expansion of the state of Oklahoma, neighborhoods around the city of Tulsa had forecast the rise of their homes' value?
There are a lot of factors to follow and rules to respect. stand out from the crowd, it is one of the best ways to increase traffic, think of it like this: why would anyone visit my website upon a competitor of mine on the same niche ? What's so special and unique about my website ? Why should I deserve more traffic upon one of my competitors ? Those are great questions that you must answer yourself being sincerely, answer the questions then start working harder and better, try to focus more on your work and don't think non-stop about the money, keep the passion for your work on. Thank you very much for sharing this excellent article, keep up the good work !
And I think writing articles on hubpages, ez is a good way to drive traffic.
You're welcome Nathes and I agree with you.
Really great tips on your blog not only in terms of generating income but other useful information as well.
Nice, I've just recently Googled your site – bookmarked it, even followed with my blogger site and I have just excitement that I've had after starting up my blog almost 2 years ago. I found it difficult to read difficult content but yours is really easy to understand and has value that I've never seen before. Im glad I found it. And Thank you for ideas.
I addition, the knowledge I've received from reading some of your posts Larry – is that in every business (and don't make me wrong) you need to work with people, even If you work in (IT related) inpersonal business. Success is about people and service.
I would have loved to see "reddit.com" instead of stumbleupon… And would like to know a thing about twitter. I have heard or read a lot that twitter may be a great way to popularize your blog. but in a country like India, where people are not that much twitter-oriented, getting a follower list of 100 is like creating WIKIPEDIA… If could help me out in that!! I would be genuinely thankful to you.
Ambarish – I was never successful with reddit and have found, as others have, that reddit requires a enourmous amount of time, and that you really have to "get in" with the community to gain any good traffic. Personally, I'd rather spend my time elsewhere – particularly on Google+ now.
On Twitter, I stopped using it. I could never grow my followers either – but in fairness, I probably didn't invest the time. Given my limited time, I'd rather invest in Google+.
yeah… i agree… But google plus gave me a warning yesterday that i m spamming them…lolzz..


A graduate student in good standing in an affiliated UC Davis graduate program is admitted to the DEBVBD by completing an Application for Designated Emphasis form (GS323) available online through Graduate Studies. The form is also available from the Chair of the DEBVBD, Dr. Sharon Lawler.
The affiliated graduate programs are: Microbiology, Integrative Pathobiology, Ecology, Entomology, Epidemiology, Immunology, and Plant Pathology.
A single required course, ENT/PMI 214 (Changing Patterns of Vector-borne Infections) or an approved equivalent course.
Examples of acceptable equivalent courses include MMI 215 (Medical Parasitology), VME 158/258 (Infectious Disease in Ecology and Conservation), or ENT 153 (Medical Entomology). Other course substitutions for this required course will be considered by the DEBVBD Chair.
Two elective courses or seminars, which can be fulfilled by completing the requirements of their PhD degree programs or as approved by the DEBVBD Chair.
For the DEBVBD, the QE committee must include one member, approved by the DEBVBD Chair, to examine the student in general knowledge of the biology of vector-borne diseases and for in depth comprehension of the specialty area of the affiliated graduate program.
The dissertation topic will focus on research relevant to vector-borne diseases and the dissertation committee will include at least one DEBVBD faculty member.
DEBVBD students will participate in an annual DE research symposium with an oral or poster presentation of his/her research results.
Completion of the DEBVBD will be designation as "Ph.D. in X with Emphasis in the Biology of Vector-borne Diseases", where X is the affiliated graduate program.
Academic progress is reviewed annually by the DEBVBD Executive Committee through completion of a survey of student progress on DE requirements. The Chair and faculty members of the Executive Committee will meet with students that need support for timely completion of requirements and are available for consultation on course and QE requirements as well as research questions related to the dissertation emphasis in vector-borne diseases.
Coursework requirements include a single required course, ENT/PMI 214 (Changing Patterns of Vector-borne Infections) or an approved equivalent course. Examples of acceptable equivalent courses include MMI 215 (Medical Parasitology), VME 158/258 (Infectious Disease in Ecology and Conservation), or ENT 153 (Medical Entomology). Other course substitutions for this required course will be considered by the DEBVBD Chair. Two elective courses or seminars are also required; these can be fulfilled by completing the requirements of their PhD degree programs (see below for examples) or as approved by the DEBVBD Chair.
Anthony Cornel (foreground). Photos depicting field work for ongoing USAID PEERS grant "Using geospatial tools to investigate how deforestation affects the transmission of malaria in birds." October 2015 – September 2018. PI of the grant is Damion Anong (University of Buea) and Anthony Cornel and Ravinder Sehgal are collaborators. Ten students from University of Buea are part of the project.
Courses not listed here can be submitted for approval to the DEBVBD Chair to fulfill elective credits.


text:
Nesticella yui est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Nesticidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce se rencontre en Chine au Yunnan et au Laos.

Description
Le mâle décrit par Grall et Jäger en 2016 mesure  et la femelle .

Publication originale
 Wunderlich & Song, 1995 : Four new spider species of the families Anapidae, Linyphiidae and Nesticidae from a tropical rain forest area of SW-China. Beiträge zur Araneologie, ,: .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Nesticidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Barah Aana
Barah Aana is a comedy of real life set in today's Mumbai. The story revolves around three unlikely friends: a driver (Naseeruddin Shah), a watchman (Vijay Raaz) and a waiter (Arjun Mathur). The driver is an older man, stoic but dependable. The watchman, in his 30's, is a pushover at work but otherwise mischievous. The waiter is a young, swaggering chap, brimming with ambition. Living together, their different attitudes make for an interesting banter.At some point, misfortune befalls the watchman, and due to a series of chance events, he stumbles into a crime. Striking upon a seemingly low-risk way to make good money, and discovering a new sense of self-confidence, he tries to entice the others to join him in a series of such crimes. Cat and mouse games ensue between the three as personalities change, but events soon spiral out of control, leading them in a direction that none of them had ever wanted to take...
Original Language Hindi
How To Watch Barah Aana


text:
Kerala Emerged as Divorce Capital of India
Two decades ago, the state had a very modest divorce rate. But now, with the state capital being ranked the divorce capital of the country, and Kerala having the highest divorce rate in the country, family courts are flooded with divorce petitions.Currently, there are more than 5000 divorce cases pending before the Thiruvananthapuram family court, says lawyer S.Jayachandran, who specialises in family cases for the last 15 years.
Though more women are aware of the protection awarded them under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005, many are still ignorant of it, says G. Rejitha, project coordinator at SAKHI. Extramarital relationships and alcoholism are cited as the major reasons for the rise in divorces.
Kerala State Women's Development Corporation chairperson and former State Women's Commission member P. Kulsu said most couples are not mature enough to handle the ups and downs of marriage. She says there were no counselling centres earlier, but now though there are many more counsellors and centres, it doesn't seem to have helped.
Source – http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130403/news-current-affairs/article/dc-special-kerala-indias-divorce-capital
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Thank yous and shout outs to the early supporters of the "Beverlee" crowdfunding campaign!
Many, many, many thanks to those of you who supported the campaign for my picture storybook, Beverlee Beaz the Brown Burmese, on the very first day of the campaign!
Thank you to Kimmie Croscup, Maureen Bell, Kevin Risk, Robert Downes, Ingrid Risk, Loughrea Player, and Susan Callum, as well as a couple of anonymous supporters. Because of you, the campaign is 24% funded!
There are now 39 days left to support the Beverlee Beaz the Brown Burmese picture storybook crowdfunding campaign. Check out the campaign page for more details HERE.


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A NEW DECK OR PATIO CAN GET YOU ON YOUR WAY.


text:
How Upwork's First Female CEO Is Pivoting The Freelancing Business For A Remote World
in freelancing
Upwork's Hayden Brown has had a trial by fire, starting as CEO in January and navigating the freelancer marketplace through the pandemic.
Courtesy of Upwork
Just 66 days into her tenure as the CEO of Upwork, Hayden Brown was forced to shutter and decide whether to sublease the freelancing platform's physical offices and comfort many of her 600 newly remote employees—all while fulfilling her promise to complete a company-wide listening tour and a report on the state of the business within her first 100 days.
"This is a year where you can't BS your way through anything as a leader," says Brown, who was named Upwork's first female CEO in January. "I always was committed to transparency and frequent communication, and that was part of my leadership mantra and style starting in January."
Amid millions of layoffs and turbulent markets, the 22-year-old company has rarely seen as much success as it has in the aftermath of the pandemic. With a market cap of $3 billion, Upwork (which went public in 2018) is now the world's largest, public online freelance marketplace, primarily providing remote job listings. Its stock has surged, up roughly 70% year-to-date. In the last six months, the platform's number of freelancer and corporate registrants has increased by 50%.
In September, Upwork released a study of the U.S. independent workforce, showing that 36% of the U.S. workforce freelanced during the pandemic—a 22% increase since 2019. Twelve percent of the country's workforce started freelancing amid the pandemic. Covid also accelerated companies' adoption of freelancers. The study found that nearly three quarters of hiring managers are continuing or increasing their usage of independent professionals.
Today, more than five million companies use Upwork to post freelancer job listings for a monthly fee starting at 3% of freelancer billing to clients, while freelancers can list their services for free and apply for remote jobs. They are charged a service fee of between 5% and 20%, depending on the total amount they've billed clients. In 2019, Upwork saw $300.6 million in revenue, up 83% over the last three years. And the company is on track to see more growth this year. On Wednesday, the company reported a year-over-year sales increase of 24%, and said they are on track to see roughly $365 million in revenue in 2020.
Brown attributes this success to pandemic-related trends. "People have shifted not just their notions about remote work in this moment of crisis, but also their long term views of how remote work will fit into their organizations," she says.
And she intends to capitalize on it. In the past year, Brown has increased the company's investment in a sales force focused on working with larger customers, including Microsoft, Airbnb and GE. Last year, more than 85% of Upwork's $2.1 billion in gross services volume—or the total dollar value transacted through Upwork's platform—was derived from large engagements and complex projects, not short-term gig work.
"The spend is actually going to projects that are long-term in nature. It's large, complex work," she says. "That's where our customers are finding success. It's not about these like small transactions or fly-by-night engagements."
"We've doubled down on our values and our beliefs. And frankly, a lot of those have been aligned with some of the secular trends, such as remote work."
Hayden Brown, Upwork CEO
Brown is no stranger to pivots. At age 12, her family moved from the small town of Amesbury, Massachusetts, to Kathmandu, Nepal. While her mom ran a Nepalese women's empowerment program and her dad worked in community development, Brown studied at a small American school.
"Seeing the work my parents did was a huge inspiration for me in terms of dedicating your life to doing something that really has an impact on the world," she says. "That led me to, through my adolescence and early career, seek out experiences where I could live and work in places very different, to be amongst other people and learn and challenge myself to have new perspectives."
After graduating from Princeton in 2004 with a politics degree—and a short stint as an analyst at management consulting firm McKinsey & Company—Brown landed at Microsoft in 2007. Her focus was mergers and acquisitions strategy, and she cut her teeth working on high profile deals like Microsoft's $45 billion Yahoo bid and $240 million Facebook investment.
But Brown yearned for more mission-driven work. After interviewing with more than 60 companies in the San Francisco Bay Area, in 2011 Brown took a job as a product director at 70-person startup Upwork (then called Elance-oDesk). Nearly a decade later, she's running the place—at one of the most turbulent times in the company's history.
"From the pandemic to Black Lives Matter to wildfires, it has been a year that has tested us in new ways," she says. "We've doubled down on our values and our beliefs. And frankly, a lot of those have been aligned with some of the secular trends, such as remote work . . . We've been doing it for 20 years."
One of Upwork's biggest challenges has been convincing companies to rely on its remote freelance workers, Brown says. Now, that barrier has been broken.
An Upwork study found that as a result of Covid, nearly half of hiring managers are more likely to hire independent professionals in the future than they were prior to the crisis.
SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
"Whether you go back to work on a hybrid model or full-time, confidence in the productivity of remote work is unquestioned now," says Ron Josey, a senior analyst at JMP Securities. "This pandemic has proven that you absolutely can work from home, and you can do so pretty effectively."
However, Upwork isn't the only company capitalizing on this trend. Gig work-focused platform Fiverr, whose stock has jumped an impressive 84% this year, is among the fastest-growing companies in the freelance space, Josey says. And freelancing platform Toptal, which has no headquarters and deems itself the "world's largest fully remote company," is on track to see more than 40% revenue growth this year, says its CEO, Taso Du Val.
But with its new focus on pairing long-term freelancers with large corporations, Upwork is differentiating itself from competitors, Josey says. Upwork has also invested in user experience, teaming up with software company Citrix in June to build a workspace so clients can more easily onboard the freelancers they find on its site.
What's more, companies are also turning to Upwork to solve their intrinsic diversity issues. "I can't tell you the number of CEOs I talked to who are thinking, 'I have to solve the diversity challenge in my business, and remote work is one of the key tools,'" Brown says. "We have to let go of this very office-centric culture and incorporate people who are in a lot of geographies."
Brown has implemented this practice herself, announcing on May 22 that Upwork employees will be given the option to work from home even after the pandemic is over.
"For society and for business, that's only a good thing," she says, "because it does open the doors for people to participate in the labor market in different ways."
Tags: BusinessCEOFemaleFreelancingPivotingRemoteUpworksWorld
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