text:
Q: Flutter how to make previous page method on onboarding screen and how to make onboardingscreen only 1 time i'm new to flutter and now i'm working a project for my university project.
so i i already make an OnboardingScreen, but it cannot go to the previous page, i can make it go the next page with pagecontroller but i cannot make it go to previous page. i actually don't really know how to add the Text('Prev') because i already use align bottom right for the next.
if it isn't clear to you, may this photo helps
i want to make prev in bottom left
i also want to make the onboardingScreen only 1 time, i already search about the sharedpreference but i don't really know how to use it (i do accept any other method, as long my OnboardingScreen only 1 time)
here are the full code for my OnboardingScreen
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
import 'package:movie_app_3/screens/home_screen.dart';

class Onboarding extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _OnboardingScreen createState() => _OnboardingScreen();
}

class _OnboardingScreen extends State<Onboarding> {
  final int _numPages = 3;
  final PageController _pageController = PageController(initialPage: 0);
  int _currentPage = 0;

  List<Widget> _buildPageIndicator() {
    List<Widget> list = [];
    for (int i = 0; i < _numPages; i++) {
      list.add(i == _currentPage ? _indicator(true) : _indicator(false));
    }
    return list;
  }

  Widget _indicator(bool isActive) {
    return AnimatedContainer(
      duration: Duration(milliseconds: 150),
      margin: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 8.0),
      height: 8.0,
      width: isActive ? 24.0 : 16.0,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        color: isActive ? Colors.white : Color(0xFF7B51D3),
        borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(12)),
      ),
    );
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: AnnotatedRegion<SystemUiOverlayStyle>(
        value: SystemUiOverlayStyle.light,
        child: Container(
          decoration: BoxDecoration(
            gradient: LinearGradient(
              begin: Alignment.topCenter,
              end: Alignment.bottomCenter,
              stops: [0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 0.9],
              colors: [
                Colors.black,
                Color(0xff112339),
                Color(0xff112339),
                Colors.black,
              ],
            ),
          ),
          child: Padding(
            padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 40.0),
            child: Column(
              crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
              children: <Widget>[
                Container(
                  alignment: Alignment.centerRight,
                  child: TextButton(
                    onPressed: () {
                      Navigator.push(
                      context,
                      MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => HomeScreen()),
                      );
                    },
                    child: Text(
                      'Skip',
                      style: TextStyle(
                        color: Colors.white,
                        fontSize: 20.0,
                      ),
                    ),
                  ),
                ),
                Container(
                  height: 600.0,
                  child: PageView(
                    physics: ClampingScrollPhysics(),
                    controller: _pageController,
                    onPageChanged: (int page) {
                      setState(() {
                        _currentPage = page;
                      });
                    },
                    children: <Widget>[
                      Padding(
                        padding: EdgeInsets.only(top:70.0,left: 40.0,right: 40.0,),
                        child: Column(
                          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
                          children: <Widget>[
                            Center(
                              child: Image(
                                image: AssetImage(
                                  'assets/images/Logo.png',
                                ),
                                height: 120.0,
                                width: 120.0,
                              ),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 50.0),
                            Text(
                              'Welcome',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                color: Colors.white,
                                fontSize: 21.0,
                                height: 1.5,
                              ),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 30.0),
                            Text(
                              'Welcome to Moviez, the place where you will spend your time magically',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                color: Colors.white,
                                fontSize: 16.0,
                                height: 1.2,
                                fontFamily: 'Raleway',
                              ),
                            ),
                          ],
                        ),
                      ),
                      Padding(
                        padding: EdgeInsets.only(top:70.0,left: 40.0,right: 40.0,),
                        child: Column(
                          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
                          children: <Widget>[
                            Center(
                              child: Image(
                                image: AssetImage(
                                  'assets/images/Logo.png',
                                ),
                                height: 120.0,
                                width: 120.0,
                              ),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 50.0),
                            Text(
                              'Purpose',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                color: Colors.white,
                                fontSize: 21.0,
                                height: 1.5,
                              ),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 30.0),
                            Text(
                              'This App is for educational purposes only',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                color: Colors.white,
                                fontSize: 16.0,
                                height: 1.2,
                              ),
                            ),
                          ],
                        ),
                      ),
                      Padding(
                        padding: EdgeInsets.only(top:70.0,left: 40.0,right: 40.0,),
                        child: Column(
                          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
                          children: <Widget>[
                            Center(
                              child: Image(
                                image: AssetImage(
                                  'assets/images/Logo.png',
                                ),
                                height: 120.0,
                                width: 120.0,
                              ),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 50.0),
                            Text(
                              'Creator',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                color: Colors.white,
                                fontSize: 21.0,
                                height: 1.5
                              ),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 30.0),
                            Text(
                              'Adela, Caroline, Cordellya, David, Valentino',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                color: Colors.white,
                                fontSize: 16.0,
                                height: 1.2,
                              ),
                            ),
                          ],
                        ),
                      ),
                    ],
                  ),
                ),
                Row(
                  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
                  children: _buildPageIndicator(),
                ),
                _currentPage != _numPages - 1
                    ? Expanded(
                        child: Align(
                          alignment: FractionalOffset.bottomRight,
                          child: TextButton(
                            onPressed: () {
                              _pageController.nextPage(
                                duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500),
                                curve: Curves.ease,
                              );
                            },
                            child: Row(
                              mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
                              mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
                              children: <Widget>[
                                Text(
                                  'Next',
                                  style: TextStyle(
                                    color: Colors.white,
                                    fontSize: 22.0,
                                  ),
                                ),
                                SizedBox(width: 10.0),
                                Icon(
                                  Icons.arrow_forward,
                                  color: Colors.white,
                                  size: 30.0,
                                ),
                              ],
                            ),
                          ),
                        ),
                      )
                    : Text(''),
              ],
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
      bottomSheet: _currentPage == _numPages - 1
          ? Container(
              height: 100.0,
              width: double.infinity,
              color: Colors.white,
              child: GestureDetector(
               onTap: () {
                Navigator.push(
                  context,
                  MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => HomeScreen()),
                );
                },
                child: Center(
                  child: Padding(
                    padding: EdgeInsets.only(bottom: 30.0),
                    child: Text(
                      'Get started',
                      style: TextStyle(
                        color: Color(0xFF5B16D0),
                        fontSize: 20.0,
                        fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
                      ),
                    ),
                  ),
                ),
              ),
            )
          : Text(''),
    );
  }
}

and here is the code for my main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:movie_app_3/widget/onboard.dart';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

    void main() => runApp(MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  // This widget is the root of your application.
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(

        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: Onboarding(),
    );
  }
}

A: You can copy paste run full code below
Question 1 : For Prev button, you can use Row and MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween
Expanded(
        child: Row(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
          children: [
            Align(
              alignment: FractionalOffset.bottomLeft,
             ...
            Align(
              alignment: FractionalOffset.bottomRight,
             ...

Question 2: For Onboarding show only once, you can use initialRoute
bool seen;
Future<void> main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();

  SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();

  seen = prefs.getBool("seen") ?? false;
  print(seen.toString());
  await prefs.setBool("seen", true);
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
     ...
      initialRoute: seen == false ? "/onboarding" : "/home",
      routes: {
        '/home': (context) => HomeScreen(),
        "/onboarding": (context) => Onboarding(),
      },
    );
  }
}

working demo

full code
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

class Onboarding extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _OnboardingScreen createState() => _OnboardingScreen();
}

class _OnboardingScreen extends State<Onboarding> {
  final int _numPages = 3;
  final PageController _pageController = PageController(initialPage: 0);
  int _currentPage = 0;

  List<Widget> _buildPageIndicator() {
    List<Widget> list = [];
    for (int i = 0; i < _numPages; i++) {
      list.add(i == _currentPage ? _indicator(true) : _indicator(false));
    }
    return list;
  }

  Widget _indicator(bool isActive) {
    return AnimatedContainer(
      duration: Duration(milliseconds: 150),
      margin: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 8.0),
      height: 8.0,
      width: isActive ? 24.0 : 16.0,
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
        color: isActive ? Colors.white : Color(0xFF7B51D3),
        borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(12)),
      ),
    );
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: AnnotatedRegion<SystemUiOverlayStyle>(
        value: SystemUiOverlayStyle.light,
        child: Container(
          decoration: BoxDecoration(
            gradient: LinearGradient(
              begin: Alignment.topCenter,
              end: Alignment.bottomCenter,
              stops: [0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 0.9],
              colors: [
                Colors.black,
                Color(0xff112339),
                Color(0xff112339),
                Colors.black,
              ],
            ),
          ),
          child: Padding(
            padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 40.0),
            child: Column(
              crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
              children: <Widget>[
                Container(
                  alignment: Alignment.centerRight,
                  child: TextButton(
                    onPressed: () {
                      Navigator.push(
                        context,
                        MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => HomeScreen()),
                      );
                    },
                    child: Text(
                      'Skip',
                      style: TextStyle(
                        color: Colors.white,
                        fontSize: 20.0,
                      ),
                    ),
                  ),
                ),
                Container(
                  height: 500.0,
                  child: PageView(
                    physics: ClampingScrollPhysics(),
                    controller: _pageController,
                    onPageChanged: (int page) {
                      setState(() {
                        _currentPage = page;
                      });
                    },
                    children: <Widget>[
                      Padding(
                        padding: EdgeInsets.only(
                          top: 70.0,
                          left: 40.0,
                          right: 40.0,
                        ),
                        child: Column(
                          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
                          children: <Widget>[
                            Center(
                              child: Image(
                                image: NetworkImage(
                                  'https://picsum.photos/250?image=9',
                                ),
                                height: 120.0,
                                width: 120.0,
                              ),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 50.0),
                            Text(
                              'Welcome',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                color: Colors.white,
                                fontSize: 21.0,
                                height: 1.5,
                              ),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 30.0),
                            Text(
                              'Welcome to Moviez, the place where you will spend your time magically',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                color: Colors.white,
                                fontSize: 16.0,
                                height: 1.2,
                                fontFamily: 'Raleway',
                              ),
                            ),
                          ],
                        ),
                      ),
                      Padding(
                        padding: EdgeInsets.only(
                          top: 70.0,
                          left: 40.0,
                          right: 40.0,
                        ),
                        child: Column(
                          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
                          children: <Widget>[
                            Center(
                              child: Image(
                                image: NetworkImage(
                                  'https://picsum.photos/250?image=10',
                                ),
                                height: 120.0,
                                width: 120.0,
                              ),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 50.0),
                            Text(
                              'Purpose',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                color: Colors.white,
                                fontSize: 21.0,
                                height: 1.5,
                              ),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 30.0),
                            Text(
                              'This App is for educational purposes only',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                color: Colors.white,
                                fontSize: 16.0,
                                height: 1.2,
                              ),
                            ),
                          ],
                        ),
                      ),
                      Padding(
                        padding: EdgeInsets.only(
                          top: 70.0,
                          left: 40.0,
                          right: 40.0,
                        ),
                        child: Column(
                          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
                          children: <Widget>[
                            Center(
                              child: Image(
                                image: NetworkImage(
                                  'https://picsum.photos/250?image=11',
                                ),
                                height: 120.0,
                                width: 120.0,
                              ),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 50.0),
                            Text(
                              'Creator',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                  color: Colors.white,
                                  fontSize: 21.0,
                                  height: 1.5),
                            ),
                            SizedBox(height: 30.0),
                            Text(
                              'Adela, Caroline, Cordellya, David, Valentino',
                              style: TextStyle(
                                color: Colors.white,
                                fontSize: 16.0,
                                height: 1.2,
                              ),
                            ),
                          ],
                        ),
                      ),
                    ],
                  ),
                ),
                Row(
                  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
                  children: _buildPageIndicator(),
                ),
                _currentPage != _numPages - 1
                    ? Expanded(
                        child: Row(
                          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
                          children: [
                            Align(
                              alignment: FractionalOffset.bottomLeft,
                              child: TextButton(
                                onPressed: () {
                                  _pageController.previousPage(
                                    duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500),
                                    curve: Curves.ease,
                                  );
                                },
                                child: Row(
                                  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
                                  mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
                                  children: <Widget>[
                                    Icon(
                                      Icons.arrow_back,
                                      color: Colors.white,
                                      size: 30.0,
                                    ),
                                    SizedBox(width: 10.0),
                                    Text(
                                      'Prev',
                                      style: TextStyle(
                                        color: Colors.white,
                                        fontSize: 22.0,
                                      ),
                                    ),
                                  ],
                                ),
                              ),
                            ),
                            Align(
                              alignment: FractionalOffset.bottomRight,
                              child: TextButton(
                                onPressed: () {
                                  _pageController.nextPage(
                                    duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500),
                                    curve: Curves.ease,
                                  );
                                },
                                child: Row(
                                  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
                                  mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
                                  children: <Widget>[
                                    Text(
                                      'Next',
                                      style: TextStyle(
                                        color: Colors.white,
                                        fontSize: 22.0,
                                      ),
                                    ),
                                    SizedBox(width: 10.0),
                                    Icon(
                                      Icons.arrow_forward,
                                      color: Colors.white,
                                      size: 30.0,
                                    ),
                                  ],
                                ),
                              ),
                            ),
                          ],
                        ),
                      )
                    : Text(''),
              ],
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
      bottomSheet: _currentPage == _numPages - 1
          ? Container(
              height: 100.0,
              width: double.infinity,
              color: Colors.white,
              child: GestureDetector(
                onTap: () {
                  Navigator.push(
                    context,
                    MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => HomeScreen()),
                  );
                },
                child: Center(
                  child: Padding(
                    padding: EdgeInsets.only(bottom: 30.0),
                    child: Text(
                      'Get started',
                      style: TextStyle(
                        color: Color(0xFF5B16D0),
                        fontSize: 20.0,
                        fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
                      ),
                    ),
                  ),
                ),
              ),
            )
          : Text(''),
    );
  }
}

bool seen;
Future<void> main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();

  SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();

  seen = prefs.getBool("seen") ?? false;
  print(seen.toString());
  await prefs.setBool("seen", true);
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      initialRoute: seen == false ? "/onboarding" : "/home",
      routes: {
        '/home': (context) => HomeScreen(),
        "/onboarding": (context) => Onboarding(),
      },
    );
  }
}

class HomeScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  HomeScreen({Key key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  _HomeScreenState createState() => _HomeScreenState();
}

class _HomeScreenState extends State<HomeScreen> {
  int _counter = 0;

  void _incrementCounter() {
    setState(() {
      _counter++;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text("Home screen"),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            Text(
              'You have pushed the button this many times:',
            ),
            Text(
              '$_counter',
              style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline4,
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: _incrementCounter,
        tooltip: 'Increment',
        child: Icon(Icons.add),
      ),
    );
  }
}


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text:
Ravens' Lamar Jackson sprints for 48-yard TD vs. Titans, second longest by a QB in NFL playoff history
By Baltimore Sun staff
With the Ravens trailing the Tennessee Titans in the second quarter of Sunday's wild-card game in Nashville, quarterback Lamar Jackson took matters into his own hands.
Jackson sprinted for a 48-yard touchdown with 2:32 to go before halftime, tying the game at 10. It was just shy of his career-long 50-yard touchdown run, which came in a win over the Washington Football Team on Oct. 4. According to NFL Research, it was the second-longest touchdown run by a quarterback in a playoff game in NFL history, trailing only Colin Kaepernick's 56-yarder for the San Francisco 49ers in a 2012 divisional-round win over the Green Bay Packers.
The play came at a crucial time for the Ravens. Facing third-and-9 near midfield, the Ravens trailed 10-3 and were in danger of giving the ball back to the Titans before halftime. But Jackson eluded the pass rush, stepped up in the pocket and sprinted down the right sideline for the game-changing score.
"It's best run I've ever seen by a quarterback," coach John Harbaugh said.
According to the NFL's Next Gen Stats, Jackson reached a top speed of 20.52 mph on the run, the seventh-fastest speed by a quarterback this season. Jackson is responsible for three of the fastest seven plays by a quarterback this season, with a top speed of 21.01 mph.
[More from sports] Ravens offseason primer: What you need to know about free agency, the draft and more »
Jackson, the first quarterback in league history to rush for 1,000 yards in multiple seasons, traveled 71.2 yards of distance from snap to the moment he crossed the pylon, the most yards Jackson has traveled on a play as a ball carrier in his career.
The 2019 NFL Most Valuable Player finished with 136 rushing yards to secure his first playoff win after losing to the Titans in the divisional-round last season and to the Los Angeles Chargers in the wild-card round as a rookie in 2018.
"It's win or go home right now. I want to win regardless," Jackson said Wednesday. "I don't really care what people got to say. I've only been in the playoffs twice in my young career. Other people have been in the league forever and haven't been in the playoffs at all. It is what it is, but [I'm] definitely trying to erase that narrative right there. That's No. 1 on my mind, for sure."
The Ravens rallied to victory after trailing 10-0 in the first quarter. Jackson was 0-6 in his career as a starter, including the playoffs, in games in which the Ravens fall behind by at least 10 points.
According to ESPN Stats & Information, Jackson joined Kaepernick as the only quarterbacks in the Super Bowl era to record 100-plus rush yards and a rushing touchdown in a playoff game. Kaepernick holds the record for most rushing yards by a quarterback in a playoff game with 181. San Francisco great Steve Young's 594 rushing yards in 22 games are the most in playoff history by a quarterback. Jackson has 333 in three games.
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Jackson also recorded 137-plus yards both as a passer and as a rusher for the third time in his career. He's the only one to do it in the playoffs, and he's done it twice.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Often I repost their articles on my own blog.
When Michele and I arrived, I saw that they were preparing one of my favorite dishes — stuffed fried zucchini flowers. In Rome I order them whenever I can.
. Tom was doing the frying and they were perfect. I ate them before I remembered to take a picture of them on my plate.
I tasted the 2003 with Roberto Di Meo when I was in Campania for the Campania Stories press trip and I was very impressed by the wine. Late harvest grapes were selected from a particular family parcel. There is a prolonged maceration with the skins at a low temperature followed by soft pressing and controlled temperature fermentation. A year after the harvest the wine remains in stainless steel with the "fecce fin" (lees) for 13 more years. It is an exceptional Fiano worth the long wait and proves that Fiano can age for many years. This is an elegant and complex wine with subtle hints of ripe citrus fruit and a touch of honey and smoke. It has a long finish and very pleasing aftertaste.
They also served as an appetizer Mortadella filled with lightly pickled vegetables.
With this we had a Chianti Classico 1970 from Ruffino. The wine was most likely made from Sangiovese, Canaiolo, Malvasia, Trebbiano, Colorino and Ciliegiolo, and was produced by using the governo method. The governo method, once common in Tuscany, is a secondary fermentation created by the addition of 10-15% dried grapes, or the must of dried or concentrated grapes. Colorino was usually the grape of choice to be dried.
This was my wine contribution and unfortunately it was showing its age. Tom and I drank some of it but Michele and Diane had more of the white wine and moved on to the next red wine.
Then there was a stew made with lamb and bell peppers.
With it we drank the Chianti Classico Riserva 2006 DOCG from Castello di Cacchiano made from 95% Sangiovese and 5% Canaiolo, Malvasia and Colorino. The vineyards are at 380 to 400 meters with a southern exposure. Soil is Alberese (a gray calcareous clay) of medium consistency with a substantial content of crushed limestone. The older vineyards have 3,300 vines per hectare and the newer between 5,000 and 9,260 and the training system is spurred horizontal cordon. Harvest is at the end of September and beginning of October. Maceration is on the skins for 3 weeks. Aging in small cask, tonneaux and barriques all made with French Allier oak.
This wine was drinking very well and showing no signs of age. It has hints of ripe red fruit and a touch of violet.
Tom and Diane always serve a cheese course with very interesting cheeses.
With the cheese we had the Barbaresco 1998 DOCG 100% Nebbiolo from Bruno Giacosa.
This was the red wine of the evening with hints of red and black fruits, spice and a touch of leather. The wine was a perfect combination with the cheese, even holding up to the Gorgonzola.
Then there was dessert, roasted peaches stuffed with amaretti and cocoa, a classic from Piedmont.
Ciao Jonathan -it was delicious!


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This post by Dr. Julia Hallas first appeared on Thesislink in May 2016.
"Never use references that are older than three years" was the advice given by a journal article reviewer I went along to hear recently. Yet a postgraduate supervisor who was sitting next to me whispered, "except for seminal papers". I have heard a number of conflicting opinions about date ranges and types of references to use in a thesis or journal article. Yet such advice can limit one's thinking and creative capacity, so I think that it's worthwhile thinking through a strategy and a rationale for the references you decide to include in your research project. Let's think about how we might define papers as seminal, and if we should ever use references that are older than three years.
Seminal papers are those that explain well-known theoretical frameworks and concepts. Such a theory will have been influential in developing a field of study and will be well cited in the literature. For example, I am drawing on Vygotsky's (1978) 'zone of proximal development' theory in my thesis. Many researchers have studied this significant concept over past decades, and I could cite one of those papers, however it would be as a secondary source. Much better for me to build my academic knowledge and integrity by reading Vygotsky and citing him as the original source.
What kind of date range should we be looking at when searching for empirical studies? Do you know how literature is selected in your discipline? I looked for advice in three useful texts on research. In describing how to undertake a literature search, Creswell (2009) did not mention a date range at all; while Merriam (2008) and Cohen, Manion & Morrison (2011) both suggested that only the most recent work in the area should be included in a literature review. There are so many journals and publications today, it would be very difficult for anyone to read all the research on a subject. Therefore common sense must prevail. A sensible strategy would be to discuss with your supervisors a date range that would provide the most up to date work for your study. However once the date range is determined, there is no need to stick rigidly to this. For example, if you notice an older reference that is often cited often in the articles you are reading, check it out. If you still think it's worth including, cite it as a primary source.
So there you have it. Older articles have their place in thesis writing, as do the most up-to-date empirical studies. Think about the approach you might take and discuss it with your supervisors. They will be pleased to see that you are thinking about this important element of research: how to deal with older and newer references in your thesis writing.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education (7th ed.). Oxon, UK: Routledge.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). California, CA: Sage.
Julia Hallas contributes to Thesislink posts in the hope of overcoming her procrastination and worry about completing the PhD so that she can develop some sound research skills. She enjoyed worked with Jennie Billot on Thesislink's inception and continues her role as advisor to the team. Julia is a Teaching Consultant at the Centre for Learning and Teaching.


text:
Unfortunately, a real security situation in Oman is developing...
Those who are regulars to Muscat Confidential will know I've long insisted Oman is a jewel surrounded by places that are generally bat-shit crazy and horrible places to live: Iran, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi, Yemen, and the UAE....
(see for yourself)
Here's a story [The Economist] I thought contained some of the worst news for us here in Oman I've read lately: Many currently held in Guantanamo Cuba are about to be released.... back to Yemen. Where a rump of Al Qaida, Tabliban-saudi's and local Islamo-nutters have already established a bridgehead.
The new 'Pakistan-Tribal-Areas' in 2009 may be about to become the hills of northern Yemen, and those idiots will only have 2 ways to go: Saudi and us. Fortunately, its Saudi they seem to have a fixation on... but being next door to well armed, hardened psychopathic islamo-nutcases with a chip on their shoulder about the West isn't a nice thing.
I hope and trust the powers that be are prepared for a significantly increased threat from the south later this year, and perhaps a long-lasting cross-border conflict if no-one drains the swamp (and no-one has for 5000 years).
It may be time to shut-down the border again.
The Joke is... when offered to be released in freedom, to escape to the hills of Northern Yemen, 80% of the prisoners said they'd rather stay in Cuba where they had AC, TV and 3 squares a day....
ba-boooom-cha.
The comments section in the article is worth a look. The best comment so far is posted after the extract from the Economist below...
Yemen and al-Qaeda
A nice safe haven for jihadists
Jan 29th 2009 | SANA'A
From The Economist print edition
When Guantánamo closes, many of its inmates will know where to go.
LAST March, al-Qaeda websites posted a message advising members to head for Yemen, the Arabian peninsula's unruly south-west corner. The call, it seems, has been answered. The global terror franchise has released a video showing fugitive Saudi jihadists and their Yemeni hosts proclaiming a merger between their two branches, plus images of combat training in Yemen's rugged mountains. Now other friends may soon be joining the fighters, by quite a different route. The Yemeni government says it expects most of the 100-odd Yemenis still held in the American prison camp at Guantánamo, where they now make up the largest national group of inmates, to be home by the spring. It is building a special camp where jihadist suspects will be allowed to live with their families, while undergoing reindoctrination to equip them for a peaceful return to society.
Yet, to the chagrin of the Yemeni and Saudi governments, as well as of an Obama administration that wants Guantánamo closed, the two Saudis in the video happen to be graduates both of the tropical island jail and of a vaunted Saudi rehabilitation programme. The Saudi authorities had freed them last year. Reunited with their families, they had benefited, as had several hundred other repentant jihadists, from state pensions designed to ease a return to civilian life. But the pair vanished a few months ago. In the video they vilify the Saudi counselling programme as a trick, and vow to pursue jihad. Nasir al-Wahishi, the new "emir of the Arabian Peninsula", a Yemeni, to whom they have sworn loyalty, was himself one of 23 al-Qaeda suspects who escaped from a prison in Sana'a, the Yemeni capital, in 2006.
With its rough terrain, weak central state and gun-slinging tribal culture, Yemen may prove a fairly secure redoubt for al-Qaeda. The group has suffered sharp setbacks in such places as Iraq, Lebanon and especially Saudi Arabia, where it has not mounted a serious attack since 2006. The relative quiet in Yemen, which some critics of its government ascribe to a secret amnesty whereby Sunni jihadists backed the state against a smouldering Shia insurrection in the country's north, has been eroding. Waves of arrests, prompted partly by Western and Saudi pressure, have provoked an escalation of al-Qaeda attacks that culminated in a double car-bombing of America's embassy in Sana'a last September; the attack failed to penetrate the fortified compound but left 16 people dead.
Though a Western diplomat in Sana'a describes al-Qaeda's threat there as "very severe" and the government's efforts to thwart it as merely "episodic", it is Saudi Arabia, rather than Yemen itself, that is the group's main target. The fact that al-Qaeda's Saudi branch has been forced to regroup elsewhere, under Yemeni leadership, may be a sign of weakness rather than strength. As for Yemen, even if the danger of a few hundred armed jihadists is real, locals may well care more about other national plagues: the frightening scale of corruption, poverty, malnutrition, water depletion, Yemen's plunging oil revenues, its ugly, four-year-old war in the north, simmering separatist sentiment in the south, constant tribal unrest and vicious power struggles among the ruling elite.
and the zinger (couldn't resist reposting, it struck a chord):
killremoval wrote
"You make little sense, as you are talking about something completely different. Perhaps you have nothing valuable to say?"
I was pointing out how ironic it was for you to claim that the Muslim community as a whole had a legitimate beef against the US or the west for attacks against other Muslims. In other words, it should be expected that a Muslim in, say, Frankfurt, would be angry and maybe even lash out in response to an attack by western forces on a Muslim in, say, Afghanistan or Iraq, even though these Muslims come from completely different cultures. If that is the case, wouldn't it make as much sense for a Christian in Oklahoma City to ahve a similar response to an attack on a Christian in Afghanistan or Iraq?
As for western Barbarism; you want to know what group is responsible for the most Muslim deaths world wide. Any guesses? It's other Muslims. If one were to provide an honest comparison of western vs Islamic violence anywhere in the world, they would have to ackonwledge that the Islamist forces frequently attack "soft" targets, or those that are less able to defend themselves. in other words, civillians. This makes sense from a strategic perspective, since the benefit of creating fear amongst one's civillian opponents (through the use of violence) carries much less risk than attacking the political opposition, which is often protected by some sort of formal security force. For example: say there is a village in Afghanistan that is hostile to the Taliban. They can cheaply and safely set off a bomb in that village. At the very least this would demonstrate to the people opf the village thier vulnerability, and it may well compel them to be more friendly to Taliban forces or less friendly to Coalition Forces. If the Taliban instead chose to engage conventional military ground forces, those forces could easily call in a B-52 to perform close Air Support. Within Minutes, that B-52 could very safely and very easily drop up to 25 thousand-plus pounds of guided and unguided munitions on their positions. That option carries a lot more risk, since they are probably going to die, while inflicting little or no damage to the enemy.
The whole intent of Islamism is not to defend against western imperialism, as you put it, but rather to replace it with a more Islamic version. It's also important to note than in many places what you refer to as imperialism is a natural function of popularity. To the best of my knowledge, the US Marines never landed in Pakistan with intent of forcing otherwise unwilling Muslims to watch american movies or drink Coca Cola. They do so because they choose to do so, and that choice represents a threat to a lot of conservative Muslims who view it as erosive to their own power. I'm sure you are familiar with Al Quaeda's long term question to re-establish the caliphate, reclaiming lost territories that have been westernized for hundreds of years, and christianized for even longer. That, my friend, is what I call Imperialism, and to my knowledge there are no comperable christian groups calling for another crusade to reclaim former Christian lands.
The US will always be disliked by much of the world, and although it's just my opinion I suspect it has a lot to do with her success. The far left has always despised the US becuase it was proof that capitalism and free markets were vastly superior to the alternate systems of communism, anarchism, and socialism. I imagine it's pretty hard to sell Marxism when one of the world's greatest success stories in the diametric opposite. Islamism, which may be the logical heir to communism, may suffer a similar dilemma. You would have to be very creative marketer to successfull sell a system that to a large degree vilifies science, knowledge, and enlightenment, while embracing and legitimizing ignorance, oppression, and suffering.
Anyway, I'm probably an ass for feeding the troll. My apologies.
Posted by Undercover Dragon at 1:02 AM
Labels: al qaida, Oman. islamo-nutters, Yemen
hardrock February 5, 2009 at 12:41 PM
We should recruit more Balochis from Balochistan to protect the border from Yemen side so they dont have easy access to us .
Anyone who really believes the conservative talking points that dominate the mass-media today, such as the free-for-all release of Guantanamo detainees, or that the economic stimulus bill is about programs like anti-smoking, is a complete tard.
Those are Obama assassination topics, not unlike those used by the neo-cons, quite successfully, during the Carter administration.
Guantanamo will be closed. So will the multitude of secret CIA prisons around the world. But no detainee is going back home free. If the US government has evidence that the detainees committed crimes (let's not forget that the majority of them are in the Cuban resort by suspicion or association) then the criminals will be put on trial in the federal courts. Others will still undergo extensive screenings and interrogations and will be closely monitored for the rest of their lives.
As for Yemen, Saudi and Al Qaeda - it's old news, conveniently brought to light this time around.
Mmmmmm. I wonder what you would say about Oman if you lived in, lets say, Qatar or Bahrain. Quite a lot I would think.
An aside...while acknowledging that it's your blog, it's a free world, blah blah, sometimes your headlines can be quite sensationalist. I read this Economist article last week - is it actually talking about 'a real security situation developing IN Oman'?
-Omani in US
Sweet Christ my lord!!! They are closing down the Beacon of our democracy and rule of the law to have these terrorist (by the way I don't have any evidence for this except Fox news, CNN and FT) to go on about doing what they do…. I knew that Muslim Obama will ruin our country…. Thanks UD for covering this alarming piece of news.
I like the way you inject anti-Mulsim ranting in your posts by quoting other sources and limiting your liability for racist remarks and bullshit arguments.
Western Capitalism you say! Just wait till this financial mess is settled... we shall see what's left of it..
As soon as the oil is gone, no-one is gonna give a stuff about Oman or any of the other GCC states.
Back to living and tents and raising goats!
We have to face it- there is no place safe. If someone wants to kill you and doesn't care if he or someone else dies in the attempt, your done for. Scientists say our brains are wired to see patterns even in chaos. These people we call religious ____________ fundamentalists(fill in blank with Islamic, Christian, Jewish, Hindu, other)are really part of a lunatic fringe that would kill no matter what the excuse. To dignify the actions with religious rhetoric as a reason why they do it is absurd. Quit giving them their 15 MB of fame. Abd
Abdullah, Well said.
Bobindubai (well, for the moment anyway!)
Don't really like your comments on nations such as Iran being horrible places to be or live. Have you ever lived there? I have and Iran is a wonderful place to be. It has its downsides, but doesn't everywhere? I have lived in both Oman and Iran, and given the choice I would choose Iran every single time. Oman is a beautiful country and has its positives but Iran is fantastically varied with an incredible intellectual histor y and a vibrant student population. Please drop the generalisations. That goes for your criticisms of Yemen, Qatar and the other nations you mentioned too.
Undercover Dragon February 8, 2009 at 5:25 PM
Hardrock.
Boxster,
I know Yemen has been a hiding base for rump Al Quaida for a while, but boosting them with a fresh load of chaps with a huge grudge against the west is hardly helpful. Yemen doesn't have a very good record of actually keeping them locked up.
Crazy Lady.
see later comment here. But you're entitled to your opinion.
OIUS
Hey, its a tabloid blog, lets face it. If its good enough for Rupert Murdoch, its good enough for me.
Plus, I think I'm building on the original story. There are many smuggling routes across the Oman/Yemen border, and these guys have a real hate for peaceful countries with a grown-up appoach to real politic. They want us all to live in caves...
You're totally right.
I need to balance it with some anti-christian and anti-hindu stuff too. Oh, and some anti-astrology stuff too, while I'm at it.
I didn't notice any racism tho'...
It'll be a while before it runs out..
Abdullah,
Fair point. Its not going to stop me going out on the lash to the icon, that's for sure. And thanks for being an equal-opportunity religious extremist basher (The Truth would be pleased!)
Anon 2,
OK. You can live where you want!
I guess Iran is a great place if you want high inflation, falling wages, rationed petrol, unemployment, institutionalised anti-semitism, mysogynism & homophobia, and (if you're a woman) are OK with ignorant youths beating you with a stick for wearing make up. And bans on satellite TV.
Oh, and a ruler who goes out of his way to look like a psychopath and thinks sabre rattling with the Americans and GCC is good for the long-term well being of his people.
But at least the student parties are good, behind closed doors obviously. Great.
Of course 'there is good and bad everywhere' - but some more than others.
We don't all prance about having tea-parties with butterflies and unicorns under rainbows, I'm afraid.
Northern Yemen has been a crazy, violent, unfriendly place for the past 5000 years.
Holding Back Al Qaeda's Third Wave - Riyadh
Intelligence Online
Copyright 2009 Indigo Publications All Rights Reserved
In the wake of Al Qaeda's return to Yemen, which was widely covered in the press, Saudi and Yemeni intelligence are working on a counter-attack.
The Jihadist movement made a big splash in the media last month by issuing a video clip in which two Saudis recently released from Guantanamo Bay announced they had joined the leadership of a new organization based in Yemen and called Al Qaida al Jihad in the Arab Peninsula.
Numerous Islamic radicals who had fought in Iraq and Afghanistan have, indeed, moved into the tribal zones in southern Yemen from which they steal into Saudi Arabia. The regions are completely beyond the control of the central government in Saana and Saudi Arabia has been unable to stop the incursion of fighters despite all the resources it marshals on its southern border.
Senior Saudi and Yemeni intelligence officials are meeting increasingly to mull ways of stamping out the danger of the radicals sparking an insurrection. In Riyadh, the interior minister, prince Nayef Ben Abdulaziz, has asked his son Ahmed to handle the issue. His contact in Saana is the long-standing director of the Political Security service, general Ghaleb al Qimch, assisted by general Mutaher Rashad al Masri, number two man at the interior ministry.
Saudi Arabia's wish to fight Jihadists who sought refuge in Yemen presents the Yemenis with an uncomfortable dilemma. Indeed, some of the militants in question were enrolled in the Yemeni army in the past to fight against the Shi'ite Zaidi sect in the north of the country or against the last Socialist bastions in the south.
The leading Islamic radicals in Yemen were all arrested at some point but managed to escape from the high security prison in Sanaa. Nasser Al Wahayshi, former secretary of Osama Ben Laden who now heads the Al Qaeda branch in Yemen, escaped on Feb. 3, 2007 with 22 fellow inmates.
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text:
Новогрудське гетто було створено в грудні 1941 року в Новогрудку Білоруської РСР (нинішня Білорусь) під час Голокосту. Майже всі його жителі були вбиті - вижили лише 350, а 10 тисяч загинули.

Заснування
До початку Другої світової війни в місті Новогрудку, що було тоді Другою Польською Республікою, проживало приблизно 6000 євреїв. Після початку операції «Барбаросса» 22 червня 1941 року місто було окуповане нацистською Німеччиною 4 липня. Відразу після початку окупації євреї були зобов'язані носити вшиті зірки Давида як ідентифікацію.

Відразу після початку окупації 100 євреїв вивели на вулицю, де вишикували, а кожного другого розстріляли. 14 липня 1941 року 52 євреї були виведені з ринкової площі та страчені на міському єврейському кладовищі.

6 грудня 1941 року єврейському населенню Новогрудка було наказано зібратися в будівлі міського суду, де їх зачинили на ніч. Наступного ранку 500 євреїв вивезли з будівлі суду до сусіднього села Скридлево, де згодом стратили.

Того місяця вціліле населення було розділено на два окремих гетто міста; один на вулиці Мінській, а інший на вулиці Пересець, кожен обгороджений дерев'яним парканом і колючим дротом. Населення цих гетто виконувало примусову роботу. Понад 8000 євреїв з околиць були вигнані в гетто на вулиці Пересець.

Ліквідація
Робота зі знищення населення гетто розпочалася негайно; лише 8 грудня 1941 року було вбито 2990 євреїв. Акції, пов'язані з масовими вбивствами євреїв, також не обмежувалися вермахтом: 7 серпня 1942 року 36-й естонський поліцейський батальйон також брав участь у вбивствах, а 11-й литовський допоміжний поліцейський батальйон 8-го вбив 3000 мешканців гетто. Грудень 1941 р.

7 травня 1943 року було розстріляно 300 осіб, переважно жінок і дітей. У липні 1942 року було ліквідовано гетто на вулиці Пересець, а восени 1943 року та ж доля спіткала гетто на вулиці Мінська. З моменту створення Новогрудського гетто в грудні 1941 року до остаточного знищення гетто на Мінській вулиці було вбито загалом 10 000 євреїв. В живих залишилося не більше 350 жителів.

Опір і Праведники народів світу

У квітні 1942 року почалися втечі з Новогрудського гетто. У середині травня 1943 року мешканці гетто, які залишилися, на чолі з Райхель Кушнер (бабусею Джареда Кушнера) почали рити тунель з гетто, який згодом виросте до понад 250 метрів у довжину. Через п'ять місяців після початку робіт 232 людини втекли через тунель, починаючи з 26 вересня 1943 року. З 232 осіб, які втекли через тунель, понад 100 приєдналися до партизанів Бєльського, інші — до інших загонів. Як повідомляє Білоруське телеграфне агентство, втеча стала найбільшою в Європі.

13 жителям Новогрудка офіційний меморіальний центр Голокосту Ізраїлю Яд Вашем присвоїв звання Праведників народів світу. Серед них був і , який разом із синами Гєнадзом і Володимиром врятував 500 євреїв, у тому числі 7 мешканців Новогрудського гетто , і Барбара Тарнецька, яка врятувала двох мешканців гетто.

Спадщина
Повного списку жертв Новогрудського гетто не опубліковано, але створено неповні. Будівля, яка раніше містила вхід до тунелю, тепер містить Музей єврейського опору в Новогрудку, а пам'ятники були встановлені на трьох місцях масових вбивств (вулиця Мінська, за два кілометри від межі міста та біля Скридлевого) Джеком Каганом, який вижив, у 1993 році. і 1995р. У 2017 році в місті встановили пам'ятник 12-річній жертві Міхле Сосновській, яку застрелили німецькі поліцейські.

Література

Місця Голокосту в Білорусі
Новогрудок

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


2019 marks a very special year for New World Hotels and Resorts as sister properties New World Manila Bay Hotel and New World Makati Hotel holds the 5th charity fun run, Run and Raise, last Sunday (20 January 2019). This milestone is met with welcome changes as the fun run bids adieu to its Rajah Sulayman route and moves to the historical CCP Complex grounds. The race's 5th run also marks the hotels' strengthened partnership with the ABS-CBN Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation Inc. – Bantay Bata 163 as they raise funds for 9 hardworking scholars hailing from various parts of the country.
Initially launched in 2015 as a small-scale charity fun run, the past years saw Run and Raise's continuous growth with the increasing number of participants and supporters. As a brand known to champion children welfare and education through various CSR initiatives, New World Hotels & Resorts teamed up with one of the most prominent and respected institutions in the country – ABS-CBN Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation Inc., a non-stock, non-profit socio-civic organization of ABS-CBN that facilitates social programs and outreach to the public. Through this partnership, the two brands aim to improve children's well-being and quality of life.
Winners of each category received exclusive gifts from New World Manila Bay Hotel and New World Makati Hotel. This event is co-presented by Dragon Gaming and Fortunegate; and sponsored by LBP Service Corporation, FitFlop, Megafiber, CranUTI, Guyamaax, Ampalaya Plus, Ideal Macaroni, Australia Harvest, Snackeroo Bits N Chips, Snackeroo Itsy Bitsy, Snackeroo Heartsies, Trolli, and Tresemme. Hydration partners are Lightwater, Vitaminboost, and Del Monte Fit N Right. Official media partners: Pinoy Fitness, Takbo.ph, and Running Photographers.


Home Posts, Indian. Sri Lankan., Sweet. Desserts.
Kulfi is a popular Indian, frozen dairy based dessert. The texture, taste and the way it is prepared is almost similar to preparing ice cream but kulfi takes a longer time to melt. Kulfi is also never made with eggs, like French ice.
The traditional way of preparing kulfi is by boiling and reducing milk over slow fire and then sweetening it and flavouring it. When the milk thickens it increases the fat, protein and lactose density. A new taste is formed too – the lactose and sugar caramelizes due to slow cooking process. These days it is quite common for people to make kulfis with evaporated milk and condensed milk that is thickened with cornflour!
You can make kulfi in many flavours – saffron, mango, pistachio, cardamom, orange, almond, rose, avocado, green tea and any other flavor you fancy. The kulfi mixture is poured into cone shaped canisters and sealed. The canisters are placed in the freezer. You can also pour the kulfi mix into ice cube trays and then freeze it. There is no paddle in the canister to rotate, as is the case with making ice cream. Technically, Kulfi is still an ice cream but that does not need churning or whisking in between.
Since the kulfi expands as it freezes don't fill the canister or moulds more than two-thirds full. If frozen in individual-portion dessert bowls to be served with a spoon, the bowls are removed from the freezer 10-15 minutes before serving to allow for melting at the edges.
Traditionally in India, kulfi is sold by street vendors called Kulfiwallahs . Kulfiwallas place the cone-shaped moulds into large earthen pots, or "matka," filled with ice and salt. When a kulfi is ordered, they simply pull the frozen treat from its mould and serve it on a plate, garnished with pistachios, cardamom or vermicelli.


Over 110 business leaders and government jumped aboard a powerful career and life skills project today in a bid to tackle gender-based violence and unemployment. Decision makers from SA's top brands pledged their commitment to 'Men in the Making Day' and invited grade 10-12 boy learners into their workplace for motivational talks, career guidance, team building and job shadowing, in a drive to provide much-needed mentorship and inspiration. The project reached over 1000 students this morning.
Now in its sixth year, Men in the Making Day has proven itself as a sustainable and highly supported initiative, with more than 6000 young boy learners who have passed through the programme. Most importantly, this year has seen the first round of graduates emerging from university. Leeto Thabana and William Sello, from Magaliesburg State School had joined the programme at its inception as grade 10 learners, when Tracker first launched the initiative in 2009 after gaining support and endorsement from the Department of Basic Education, and have now graduated from the University of Johannesburg in B.Com Accounting.
Thabana plans to remain a success story for other boys, "My short term goal is that this year I am doing my BCTA, a bridging certificate in the theory of accounting, hoping to get into CTA next year to qualify as a CA. I want to do a graduate programme at Deloitte or KPMG, after I graduate my Honours next year."
Wayne de Nobrega, CEO of Tracker, who founded and manage the project, explains, "This initiative has grown from 35 to 140 companies and it's phenomenal that we're having such a sustainable and material impact on individuals, showing them a different life, and one that makes a difference to South Africa. We look forward to seeing how this year's intake enjoy the day and the impact it has upon them - we continue to be amazed by the growth and positive case studies from the year before."
Of the corporate participants, many of the country's well-known names joined in - Shanduka, First Rand Group, BMW, Rand Merchant Bank, MTN Foundation, MiWay, Deloitte, and Hollard, among others. MiWay, as one example, mentored 8 students from Moletsane Secondary school in Soweto who spent time in various divisions within their business - such as marketing, actuarial, client services, IT and finance - to see how the organisation works, and access the motivation and inspiration to study further.


text:
Mayor Pete Buttigieg « Infrastructure
Pete Buttigieg Releases "Building for the 21st Century," An Infrastructure Plan to Create 6 Milion New Jobs Across the Country
https://peteforamerica.com/policies/infrastructure/
SOUTH BEND, IN — Today, Pete Buttigieg released "Building for the 21st Century," a bold, comprehensive infrastructure plan that will create more economic opportunities for individuals and communities. His plan will create 6 million well-paying jobs, ensure that everyone has access to clean drinking water and affordable ways to get to work and empower local communities to lead on infrastructure development so that they can support safe, vibrant, growing neighborhoods.
"The current administration has been incapable of keeping its promise to pass major infrastructure legislation, and as a result, critical projects around the country are stalled and communities are paying the price," said Buttigieg. "Cities and towns have been leading the way on new infrastructure partnerships and approaches, but too often the federal government does not help as it should—failing to fund and prioritize infrastructure and relying on outdated standards. Under my administration, local governments will finally have a partner in Washington. As a former mayor, I know that priority-based budgets made locally are better than budget-based priorities set in Washington."
Pete's administration will invest over $1 trillion to work with states, cities, and other local governments to build the sustainable infrastructure of the 21st century. Pete's plan will:
Create six million well-paying jobs with strong labor protections, especially in underrepresented communities.
Commit $10 billion to attract and train a skilled infrastructure workforce, including by supporting pre-apprenticeship programs that collaborate with Registered Apprenticeships.
Protect millions of families from lead in paint and water through a $100 billion investment in a Lead-Safe Communities Fund. The Fund will provide resources for communities to clean up and remove lead in paint, soil, and water. Pete administration's will also replace 3 million lead service lines by 2030 and support best-in-class corrosion control practices.
Lower water bills for over 10 million families. Pete will work with Congress to create a $16 billion Drinking Water Assistance Matching Fund that coordinates with the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program. The Fund will provide a federal funding match for states and local water systems that assist low-income families with water bill payments, slashing the average water bill by 50 percent - which is equal to over $600 on average - for 10 million families.
Invest $160 billion to support cities and towns in providing equitable public transportation, including improved options for subway, light rail, bus rapid transit, and last mile service. Pete will provide dedicated funding for communities that have limited access to basic services like grocery stores to expand their transportation options. He will also dramatically expand funding for rural public transportation.
Cut the backlog of critical road repairs in half over 10 years. Pete will make sure that 50% of our roads in poor condition and structurally deficient bridges get fixed within 10 years. His DOT will require states to develop achievable plans for maintaining their roads and make progress on these plans before they use federal funds for new roads or expansions.
Repair school infrastructure. Investing in K-12 education means investing in our schools, so students can learn in a safe and healthy environment. Pete will invest $80 billion in a new school repair program, in which states allocate grants and loans to school districts based on poverty levels. He will provide dedicated funding to help meet U.S. trust and treaty obligations to repair the Bureau of Indian Education schools.
Mitigate past injustices in transportation planning. Since the 1950s, highway expansion projects have split apart Black and Latino neighborhoods nationwide and driven up pollution in these communities. Pete's DOT will work with local stakeholders and nonprofits to create a list of communities that require additional investment to mitigate harms from past highway projects. He will encourage cities to use federal highway funds to revitalize and reconnect communities through innovative projects, including new underpass designs, highway caps, and turning underutilized bridges into complete urban streets.
Pete's agenda will build a new era of economic success that truly uplifts America's working and middle-class families. Read the full agenda HERE.
BUILDING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
An Infrastructure Plan to Create Jobs, Increase Resilience, & Usher in a New Era of Opportunity
Infrastructure is essential to our daily lives. In principle, excellent infrastructure enables our communities to thrive. For example, parents can make their kid's soccer game or get home in time for dinner rather than sitting in traffic for hours. Everyone has safe drinking water and breathes clean air. Cities and towns invest in parks, modern school buildings, and streets that support local jobs and attract businesses and families. State-of-the-art airports, public transit, highways, waterways, and railways enable people to travel safely and goods to get to market. And high-speed Internet supports new industries and connects friends and family across the world.
Yet over the last four years, politicians in Washington have failed to deliver for the American people. The current administration has been incapable of keeping its promise to pass major infrastructure legislation, and critical projects around the country are stalled because of it. Meanwhile, our roads and bridges crumble, our schools fall into disrepair, water systems poison our children, and our flood protection systems fail as climate change accelerates. When our infrastructure works well, we hardly notice. These days, we notice our infrastructure a lot.
In communities across America, we know that investments in infrastructure create well-paying jobs and provide essential services like water and transportation that help us raise families and start businesses. This is why cities and towns have been leading the way on new infrastructure partnerships and approaches. Yet too often, as I saw in South Bend, the federal government does not help as it should—by failing to fund and prioritize infrastructure or by relying on outdated standards.
Under my administration, local governments will finally have a partner in Washington. As a former mayor, I know that priority-based budgets made locally are better than budget-based priorities set in Washington. That's why we will ensure that federal funds go to the cities, counties, tribes, towns, and states that need more resources to create good jobs and combat climate change through smart infrastructure investments.
My infrastructure plan achieves three things: opportunity, equity, and empowerment. First, we will create opportunities for individuals and communities, including millions of well-paying union jobs. Second, we will close disparities and ensure that everyone has access to adequate infrastructure like clean drinking water and affordable ways to get to work. Finally, we will empower local communities to lead on infrastructure development so that they can support safe, vibrant, growing neighborhoods.
My administration will invest over $1 trillion in working with states, cities, and other local governments to build the sustainable infrastructure of the 21st century. We will achieve measurable outcomes for opportunity, equity, and empowerment:
Ensure that every American has access to clean drinking water.
Lower water bills nationwide, slashing the average bill by 50 percent–the equivalent of over $600–for 10 million families.
Protect millions of families from lead in paint and water through a $100 billion investment.
Update and fix the majority of our roads and bridges in poor condition by 2030.
Invest in sustainable infrastructure that enables 50 percent of U.S. counties to grow over the next 10 years, as measured by an increase in jobs, businesses, or population.
Read Pete's plan to build sustainable, 21st century infrastructure.
KEY POLICIES INCLUDE:
Create six million well-paying jobs with strong labor protections. For every infrastructure project that his administration funds, Pete will protect and support the Davis-Bacon Act to ensure that workers are paid fair wages and that taxpayers receive the best value for their money.
Commit $10 billion to attracting and training a skilled infrastructure workforce, including by supporting pre-apprenticeship programs that collaborate with Registered Apprenticeships. He will also establish a National Infrastructure Accelerator and offer $100 million in grants to support initiatives that introduce K-12 students to infrastructure and clean energy jobs.
Dramatically expand access to infrastructure jobs for underrepresented communities. Pete will commit $100 million to expanding Apprenticeship Readiness Programs that help job seekers from underrepresented communities enter apprenticeships and careers.
Create a $200 billion transition fund for workers in a clean energy economy. Pete's transition fund will support programs to align mining and fossil fuel workers with new well-paying jobs with strong labor protections in clean energy and sustainable infrastructure.
Ensure lead-free water by investing $20 billion in replacing three million lead service lines by 2030 and supporting best-in-class corrosion control. As a Midwestern mayor of an industrial city, Pete understands the severity of this threat and knows that addressing these problems is not easy. That is why Pete will provide the resources to tackle this crisis by establishing a $100 billion Lead-Safe Communities Fund to address lead in water, paint, and soil.
Prevent and address PFAS contamination by establishing science-based standards that limit the amount of PFAS in drinking water and developing safe alternatives to PFAS in commercial use.
Lower water bills by an average of 50 percent–the equivalent of over $600–for 10 million families through a Drinking Water Assistance Matching Fund. Water and wastewater services are unaffordable for nearly 14 million households, and this number could triple within five years. The Fund will provide a 1:3 federal funding match for states and local water systems that assist low-income families with water bill payments.
Invest over $30 billion in water and wastewater infrastructure to expand access to basic services, upgrade existing systems, and drive innovative approaches.
Invest $150 billion to support cities and towns in providing equitable public transportation, including improved options for subway, light rail, bus rapid transit, and last mile service.
Expand accessible rural public transportation with a $12 billion investment.
Improve the connectivity and safety of our national rail network.
STALLED INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN IOWA
Des Moines public transit: The Des Moines Area Regional Transit Authority (DART) recently received $17.3 million in federal funding to relocate its south-side maintenance garage, which is undersized and prone to flooding. 1 Yet the project, expected to cost $68 million, remains in the early stages of planning.
Key policy: Pete will invest $100 billion in equitable public transportation.
Schools in debt: Iowan schools often struggle with crumbling infrastructure, leading many to incur debt to maintain adequate facilities. The Clear Creek Amana School District has taken on $35,000 of debt per student to meet rising enrollment and the demands of aging buildings. 2
Key policy: Pete will create an $80 billion school repair program.
Lead contamination: In 2016, tests in the Kalona Water Department found lead levels that were three times higher than the EPA's safety threshold. 3 Several other cities also reported lead levels above the EPA maximum. But as of 2016, only one city in Iowa—Story City—has performed a thorough lead service line replacement.4
Key policy: Pete will invest $100 billion in a Lead Hazard Mitigation Fund for lead paint remediation and lead pipe replacement.
Transportation: New Options for Communities
Ensure that federal transportation projects improve access to opportunity by determining how effectively they connect people to jobs and services.
Double the BUILD program and create a Local Leaders Office at the Department of Transportation (DOT) to help local communities more easily access federal funds and expertise.
Create a new $3 billion grant program for programs of national significance to facilitate collaboration across states and regions.
STALLED INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE
Public transportation projects: The NHDOT is planning to build a commuter rail line, which will extend north from Boston and go through Nashua and Manchester. The DOT hopes that the line would add thousands of jobs and attract new businesses. 5 These projects require more support.
Key policy: Pete will invest $100 billion in equitable public transportation, including intercity rail.
PFAS contamination: The former Pease Air Force and the Saint Gobain plastics facility in Merrimack are contaminated. 6
Key policy: Pete will establish science-based standards to limit PFAS levels in water. He will triple EPA's budget for environmental cleanup funds to help remediate PFAS in polluted sites.
Schools in need of repair: There is an ongoing moratorium on school building aid. The New Hampshire Department of Education estimates that ~$650 million is needed to fund the repair of schools. 7
Read Pete's plan to invest in safe, equitable public transportation.
Roads & Bridges
Provide dedicated funding to repair half of roads in poor condition and structurally deficient bridges by 2030. Pete's DOT will strengthen State of Good Repair Performance Management requirements and require states to develop achievable plans for maintaining their roads before they use federal funds for new roads or expansions. He will also create a $50 billion grant program for states to repair bridges.
Power millions of new electric vehicles (EVs) by investing $6 billion in new charging infrastructure. Investing in EVs is a tool both to combat climate change and to drive manufacturing job growth. Pete will provide $6 billion in grants and loans through the American Clean Energy Bank for states and cities to partner with private companies and unions on installing publicly available charging infrastructure powered by clean energy. At least 40 percent of the funds will be available for projects in multi-unit dwellings and economically disadvantaged communities.
Make the Highway Trust Fund solvent. The Highway Trust Fund has been insolvent since 2008, causing uncertainty about whether states can complete critical projects. Pete will inject $165 billion into the Fund to ensure that it remains solvent through 2029.
Build safer roads for all, including by doubling funding for the Transportation Alternatives Program to install more accessible sidewalks, crosswalks, and bike lanes. Pete will provide incentives for states, cities, and counties to build safe, accessible roads and retrofit existing unsafe roads. His DOT will work with tribal communities to ensure that roads in Indian Country are safe for families.
Increase funding in the Highway Safety Improvement Program for building safer rural roads. Pete's DOT will also fund studies to improve road safety on rural roads, which account for 50 percent of traffic fatalities and are over twice as deadly as urban roads.
Connect funding to safety performance by requiring state transportation agencies to set targets that reduce fatalities and injuries and are consistent with a national Vision Zero goal. Pete's administration will require states to actively improve their safety records or road design processes, or else lose federal funding for other roadway projects.
Incentivize safe driving practices. Pete will increase federal funding to $1 billion a year for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Federal Highway Administration to address unsafe driving behavior, research solutions for distracted driving, and strengthen enforcement.
Air & Shipping
Repair and modernize inland waterways through a $5 billion investment.
Invest in cleaner and more efficient ports.
Make our aviation system safer and more accessible for small communities.
Protect millions of families from lead poisoning by investing $80 billion in lead-based paint remediation and ensuring that the EPA fully enforces the Renovation, Repair, and Painting Rule.
Double funding for Community Development Block Grants.
Create good infrastructure jobs in local communities, including by extending the DOT's Local Labor Hiring Preference Pilot and promoting Community Benefit Agreements.
Repair school infrastructure. America's $46 billion annual funding gap for repairing school buildings harms many students, including students in communities of color who suffer from poor heating and mold in classrooms. Pete's administration will provide schools with $80 billion in grants and loans to repair classrooms and facilities.
Offer cities and states $3 billion to launch programs that lower infrastructure costs for low-income families.
Mitigate past injustices in transportation planning. Pete will use innovative solutions like complete urban streets to mitigate the negative effects of highway expansion projects on Black and Latino neighborhoods.
Read Pete's plan to invest in infrastructure that helps communities grow and thrive.
Ensure full high-speed broadband coverage with an $80 billion Internet For All initiative.
Ensure that students can use the Internet to learn and succeed.
Make broadband more affordable, especially for low-income families.
STALLED INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA
Bridges: A bridge on state road 20 in Greenville County has been shut for repairs since late 2018. It was supposed to be finished in March 2019, but the new target completion date is now April 2020. 8
Key policy: Pete's plan will create a $50 billion bridge repair program to ensure that critical and delayed bridge repairs have the resources they need.
Struggling small water systems: More than 150 small drinking water systems in SC have had multiple Department of Health cases against them in the past twenty-five years, with most systems facing only small fines for providing unclean water. 9
Key policy: Pete's plan invests $90 billion in water, which means more than tripling the current amount of federal investment. This will help to fund upgrades for outdated infrastructure and water cleanup.
Lead in water: In the past decade, 41 small utility companies in SC have exceeded federal standards for lead in their water, including Belton, SC in 2019 - highlighting the need for improvements to these systems. 10
Key policy: Pete is investing $20 billion in replacing lead pipes and helping utilities with corrosion control, so lead does not leach into water.
Flood protection: Hurricanes in recent years have also caused damage to many of the state's dams - such as the dozen dams which collapsed during Hurricane Florence. 11
Key policy: Pete will establish a new $50 billion Community Flood Protection to help states repair dams and levees and develop natural infrastructure solutions.
Climate & Resilience
Repair and modernize flood protection systems in every community that needs it by 2030.
Prepare for rising seas with a $40 billion Sea Level Defense Fund.
Empower communities to develop tailored solutions for resilience through Cooperative Extensions for Climate and Flood Resilience.
Increase reliable water supply to mitigate the effects of drought.
Expand pre-disaster mitigation programs for inland and coastal areas.
Create a U.S. Infrastructure Cyber-Protection Taskforce to protect against digital threats.
Build a more resilient electric grid by improving risk management and emergency response.
Protect against wildfires, including by recruiting 5,000 firefighters and fire management experts.
STALLED INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN NEVADA
Urban/rural divide: NV faces a $450 million backlog of road and bridge repairs, disproportionately concentrated in rural areas. This costs Nevada drivers $3.2 billion annually. Experts point to a severe disparity between the infrastructure needs of NV's two densely populated areas and its ~15 rural counties. 12
Key policy: Pete's plan will ensure that 50% of critical road repairs occur by 2030. He will create a $50 billion bridge repair program with dedicated funding available for rural areas.
Water: The EPA estimates that NV will need over $5.3 billion in investment over the next 20 years to meet the state's clean water needs. Las Vegas and Reno will need investment to accommodate their rapidly growing populations, and NV's rural areas have historically lacked resources and funding to meet their water needs.13
Key policy: Pete will invest over $30 billion in water infrastructure. This is a massive expansion of resources for upgrading existing water infrastructure and finding innovative approaches to improve wastewater services.
Rural schools: Like much of NV's infrastructure landscape, the state's rural school districts suffer from chronic underfunding and neglect. For example, two of the 10 school buildings in White Pine County are over a century old.14
Develop smart and integrated infrastructure by establishing a Digital Infrastructure Council and tasking every infrastructure agency with creating a digital infrastructure strategy.
Lead the world in safe and zero-emissions autonomous vehicle technology.
Create the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Infrastructure to research innovative infrastructure technologies and solutions.
STALLED INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN CALIFORNIA
Public transit in San Francisco: BART (San Francisco's subway system) applied for federal funding to expand its capacity in August 2015. In May 2019, it called on the federal government to release $1.25 billion of money from the Capital Investment Grant Program. The project was delayed by Trump's DOT for over a year. 15
Key policy: Pete will double the size of the Capital Investment Grant program and streamline project processing to ensure that projects get federal support faster.
Lead: About 2,000 children are diagnosed with unsafe levels of lead in their blood each year in Los Angeles County, likely due to old homes that have not been renovated. 16
Key policy: Pete will invest $80 billion in lead remediation for paint, windows, and soil in homes. He will enforce the Lead Repair, Replacement, and Painting rule to ensure that any renovations are done using lead-safe procedures.
Read Pete's plan to invest in innovative, climate-smart technologies and solutions.
Des Moines Register: DART awarded $17 million federal grant to move operations centerBack to content
Iowa Public Radio: Growing Iowa School Districts Turn to DebtBack to content
Des Moines Register: Thousands of Iowans' drinking water threatened by lead contaminationBack to content
https://www.nhpr.org/post/nh-capitol-rail-project-advances-next-stage#stream/0Back to content
https://www.wmur.com/article/study-on-effects-of-pfas-contamination-set-to-launch-at-pease/29444460Back to content
http://reachinghighernh.org/2019/02/18/while-the-building-aid-program-is-in-moratorium-schools-have-to-find-alternative-ways-to-make-their-spaces-work/Back to content
https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/news/local/south-carolina/2019/05/03/sc-20-bridge-project-greenville-county/3627745002/Back to content
https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/article228530804.htmlBack to content
https://www.thestate.com/news/special-reports/article224593265.htmlBack to content
https://www.thestate.com/latest-news/article218982240.htmlBack to content
https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ASCE-Report-Card-2018-Final.pdfBack to content
https://www.masstransitmag.com/rail/infrastructure/article/21083363/barts-crunican-we-cant-wait-any-longer-our-system-is-already-at-capacityBack to content
https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-12-30/la-me-lead-poisoning-la-countyBack to content


Fathers don't get the attention on their special day as do moms.
That's a finding of local department stores, which say men spend more and pamper the wives and moms on Mother's Day. A survey at Ryubo Department Store in Naha asked if women and girls bought presents for husbands and dads on Fathers Day. Only 44.7% said yes, which virtually all acknowledged buying for mom.
They say they're not discriminating against dad, but point out the mothers are the ones who do most of the child raising and have more significant contact with the children. And of course, they say, dad takes care of mom's special wants and needs from perfumes to clothes. Women also say the men don't seem to care as much about gifts.
Ryubo says Father's Day gifts average ¥8,400 by younger buyers, with older married people spend upward of ¥11,200. Singles typically paid ¥6,600 for gifts.