For a low fat piece of meat try Our Organic Chicken breast fillets (skinless). Chicken and Turkey are naturally lean meats, however without the skin they're extra lean. Chicken breast fillets are incredibly versatile. Whether you whip up a tasty slow cooker curry or meaty pie our fillets will fit the bill.
We pride that our Organic Chicken breast fillets (skinless) are plump and full of flavour, not water! This is because they're slow growing birds. Which take a minimum of 10 weeks to mature and enrich the Chickens flavour. You can't rush perfection and that is why our birds live a long and active life. During this time they're given dawn to dusk access to the fields and fresh pastures. Where they can spread their wings and behave naturally.
We tray wrap all our chicken breast fillets, but if you require vacuum packaging just mention this in notes at checkout and we will do our best to ensure this is done. We pack our fillets with approximately 2 breasts per pack. This number of items supplied is a guideline. A minimum weight is always guaranteed. However number of items per pack is an approximate. This is because our chickens vary in weight week by week.
Take product out of the fridge and allow to come up to room temperature 20 minutes before cooking. Season the chicken breast fillets with salt and pepper to taste.
Chop up Mediterranean vegetables (tomatoes, peppers, olives, courgette and potato for example) and spread in a deep baking tin. Place the chicken on top of the vegetables. Drizzle with olive oil and add any additional herbs, fresh if possible; basil, oregano, rosemary and tarragon.
Cover with tin foil for the first 30 minutes and then remove the foil for the final 10 minutes. Ensure the Chicken is cooked before removing from the oven and eating.
Serve with salad and quinoa.


The Manitowish Waters Town Board is accepting applications from interested persons to serve on a Building Committee. The purpose of the Committee will be to assist in the planning and provide input for the proposed addition to the Town Hall. If you are interested in serving please call Dana Hilbert, Clerk/Treasurer, at 715-543-8400, email clerk@mwtown.org, or mail a letter of interest to PO Box 267, Manitowish Waters. Applications will be accepted until 1 PM on Friday November 23, 2018.


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2.0 (Hindi) has done fantastic business in the North for a dubbed film and it is the first time is history that the ratios of Delhi / UP and East Punjab are higher than normal. Bahubali - The Conclusion had normal ratios but every other dubbed film be it a success or failure has under performed in these areas. The first five day collections in Delhi / UP are as follows.
The first five day collections of East Punjab are as follows. This circuit did see the biggest drop on Monday but it had a huge number on Sunday when the big cities in Punjab like Ludhiana, Amritsar and Jalandhar showed insane growth.


text:
Letters, September 27, 2013
Published: 5:15 PM September 26, 2013 Updated: 8:37 PM October 10, 2020
We should be visitor-friendly
Here we go again, another one of Cllr Wainwright and his socialist cohorts' crazy un-visitor friendly ideas. Don't they realise this town's major lifeblood are the visitors.
Removing the Marina toilets to make way for more chargeable parking is just another measure this Labour council wishes to impose on a dwindling number of visitors. Surely if the Marina needs refurbishing, it is not rocket science to ensure the new plans could include toilets.
Also where are the detailed costings showing the number of parking places to be provided, revenue steams these may generate, against equipment and running costs? Or will these be massaged like those that councillors tried to use to hoodwink the people over the recent residents' parking fiasco? Come on Yarmouth council let's start becoming visitor-friendly.
Cyclists? Look at mobility scooters
I have just heard if you ride your bike over Haven Bridge in Yarmouth you will be fined. If that is the case isn't it about time this so-called council looked at speeding mobility scooters on pavements nearly wiping you out.If they go that speed why can't they use the roads?
DOUG TOWERS
Firefighters do a dangerous job
Brandon Lewis, our MP, is now wanting our firefighters to fight fires and rescue people up to the age of 60, putting firefighters and the public at greater risk.
If firefighters, of which two-thirds can't make the standard fitness test beyond the age of 55 (the current retirement age for a full pension), retire before the age of 60 they will receive a smaller pension, many will be sacked under the imposed rules. Where is the fairness in that?
Firefighters already pay 13pc of salary towards their pensions and do a dangerous job. All this whilst MPs claim more in expenses, want a massive pay rise and refuse to pay more for their pension.
Firefighters are understandably angry and have no option but to go on strike. Mr Lewis could stop this, keep the current rules and avert a strike, I suspect he'd rather say firefighters who earn around two-thirds less than MPs should stop complaining. I say firefighters save lives and are worth every penny, I can't say the same for our MP.
LEE SUTTON
Secretary Great Yarmouth Trades Union Council
Absurd idea to scrap toilets
Whilst not quite in the same league as "Second world war two bomber found on the moon", there have been a few local headlines I've initially scoffed at before going on to read the full report.
For instance "Big cat spotted on Beacon Park" or "Thousands of jobs to be created by outer harbour project", well I suppose to be fair one of these seems more likely, but the recent headline of "Seafront toilets to be demolished for car parking" looked absurd.
However, it has a basis of truth in that the council is actually considering removing a public amenity from the seafront, despite the protestations of locals and traders that a tourist resort could even consider such.
Just what is the strategy the Town Hall is following? It is contrary to the park and ride (what happened to that apart from the signage?) scheme to provide amenities for the visitors attracted to the Golden Mile. Seems to me rather than an integrated transport strategy, we are in danger of turning tennis courts over to tarmac and making ideas up, rather that proper assessment and consultation to build a sustainable future for GY plc.
Clarence Road
Final journey of disaster tribute
The final journey of the Suspension Bridge Disaster is coming to an end. The unveiling is Saturday, September 28 at midday near the Swan public house.
I have asked a lovely lady who I respect and feel has a good heart to unveil it,Valerie Howkins. There will also be somebody from St Nicholas Minister to say a prayer and some kind words to counteract the cruel words used when the victims were laid to rest.
The Rector is trying to get the church bells to be rung so the whole town can hear the victims being remembered. TS Warrior will be there along with descendants of the people who died.
The memorial has been created by the people of the town so it would be so nice if the people came to this last act of respect.
It has become so much more than a memorial to me, meeting so many who have helped along the way.
It has been like a big jigsaw and this is the final piece. The Suspension Bridge Disaster story is now firmly embedded in the town's history. The wonderful job Paul Davies and the history society have done in bringing the George Beloe stone back, the eye witness painting by CJ Winter of the disaster has it's own place in the Time and Tide Museum.
The history mural now includes the disaster near the Vauxhall Bridge. This new memorial will tell their story so nobody need go anywhere else to learn of what happened on May 2, 1845 on the spot where the memorial will stand. Please come to see it unveiled.
JULIE STAFF
I give way to all the pedestrians
In response to cycling over Haven Bridge, I personally don't see a problem with it. I have been doing it to and from work for years and not a single person has ever said anything to me about it. This is probably because I slow down and give way to pedestrians every time. I will say that each winter when I cycle home in the dark, I see at least half a dozen cyclists with no lights on their bikes at all. This happens almost every night and I have never seen anybody get stopped by the police regarding this. Surely this is more dangerous than cycling over the bridge (carefully).
M REEVE
Must give credit to the Paget
We all know the NHS nationally comes in for a great deal of adverse criticism and some of it is no doubt justified. I, however, have had to visit the A&E department at the James Paget Hospital twice within the last few weeks and found the swift treatment by the professional staff on duty to be of the highest quality, for which I am very grateful. As my dear late mother would say "give credit where credit is due" and I do. Thank you all very much.
MR G DANIELL
Sidegate road
It's a choice to be a Christian
Mr Gervais (September 13) might be surprised to learn that I, as a Christian, do not believe in 'gods' either, on the basis I have never experienced or seen any hard evidence for their existence.
On the other hand, if he is speaking of "the" Holy Triune God of the Bible, then I have had more experiences and seen more hard evidence than he could ever imagine. I have a personal relationship with Him, which is more intimate than any human relationship could be, so I can categorically state I know beyond doubt He not only exists, but is omniencently present in my life.
I know that relationship will continue for all eternity, a fact Mr Gervais will never understand while he is dependent on human rationality. Some say they have to see before they can believe, but the corollary is true: one has first take a leap of faith and believe in order to see!
Mr Barkhuizen is fulfilling his duty as a Christian, to warn of the dangers there is only one choice worthy of human dignity and that is to make Jesus Christ your Lord and Saviour, enter into an intimate relationship with Him and live by His precepts. The alternative is unimaginably awful, too horrific to contemplate and never intended for humanity, but it is still "a choice."
ROGER HAYES
Beccles Road
Route climbs vertical wall!
I was very interested to read about the bus pass situation encountered by the parents of Demi Leigh Rowland.
My son started at East Norfolk Sixth Form College last September and my daughter this September. My son was assessed as eligible for subsidised travel and only one year later, my daughter is not eligible. The refusal letter claims the walking route from home to the college is now less than three miles even though neither of the buildings have moved.
To check, I walked various possible routes from door to door using a GPS tracker and all routes exceeded three miles. I appealed to Norfolk County Council and eventually was sent a map extract from their GIS software that assesses the walking route as 2.945 miles - apparently just 96 yards less than the required three miles. When I looked at the route clearly marked on this map I was astounded and angry at the assumptions made by the person carrying out the assessments.
The chosen route goes along Beccles Road up to the flyover for the bypass. The walking route then climbs a vertical wall up onto the bypass - where pedestrians are not allowed to walk. Further along the bypass where Church Lane crosses as a flyover the walking route then climbs another vertical wall to turn left onto Church Lane to access the college.
The route does not use Shrublands Way which can clearly be seen on the map as separate from the chosen route. The detour to use Shrublands Way is further than the assessed route and it certainly exceeds the required three miles from our home.
The letter from David Halfyard last week questions the accuracy of the Geographical Information System software used by the county council. Even if the software was completely accurate the council have a duty of care to ensure local knowledge is used and the routes chosen are physically possible to walk.
I have again appealed to Norfolk County Council but the council has sadly chosen to ignore this. I have heard there are a number of families in my area near Northgate Street that have similarly been refused subsidised travel and in many cases this will be because the council has chosen a route that is impossible to walk. If you think you may be affected I urge you to appeal to Norfolk County Council.
There is another relevant point. For the first time, it is compulsory for my daughter and those currently in Year 11 to receive one extra year of education - in effect the education leaving age is now 17+. It should not be a 50pc travel subsidy being offered to this year, it should be 100pc in line with all students that have not reached the official education leaving age.
SUZANNE WELLS
Dangerous to cycle on roads
I`ve been following the continued argument about cyclists using the pavement instead of the road. Especially with the £50 on the spot fine if you use your bike on Haven Bridge, issued by our ever efficient police force, again hitting where the true crime is... ignoring lesser important issues of burglary, violence, drugs etc.
As an everyday commuter on, sorry to say a bicycle, there is one question which has never been asked by the complaining public who insist we should all be banished to cycle hell - why do we use the unauthorised pavements?
It is because it's so dangerous using any roads around town, that's why. I have to go down Southtown then back along South Quay. Not much worries me, but when some idiot seems to think he is as good a driver as Jenson Button, gets to within inches of me and my bike at over the speed limit because he is cool, then sorry, I'm taking the safer option. I don't want my 10 year old daughter visiting me in hospital. If I have to pass a pedestrian, I pass around them. I look out for them, and slow down.
There are lots of us cyclists using this way of transport to get to and from work. The police have to stop using us as an easy money-making target and look at the bigger picture and fine the idiots who make our roads a dangerous place.
Then maybe we will use roads to bike on and feel safe. At the end of the day it's a community; respect our ways, and we will yours.
JASON SIRAGHER
Rubbish leads to more rubbish!
Further to my letter printed three weeks ago in the Great Yarmouth Mercury, I am pleased to say that the black bins from the back of St John's Terrace have at last been removed. Since then there has been no dumping of rubbish or fly-tipping thus proving that rubbish accumulates even more rubbish and encourages the more irresponsible members of the public to fly-tip.
May I congratulate the council for their prompt attention, let's hope the problem does not return.
MOLLIE TIMBY
Lancaster Road
More interest in death than life
Mr Barkhuizen now claims there are facts that proves conclusively God made the Universe. I would be amazed if these said facts did not materialise from the one book. The Bible.
Ah, I see. It says it in the Bible therefore it must be true. Who are we to question the bible? I suggest Mr Barkhuizen, present these 'facts' in written format, have his work peer reviewed. But of course, facts are about as useful as a Tory backbencher, unless they can be backed up with evidence. It's been claimed I have failed to look at the evidence, but the reality of it is, whom is living their life based on stories told by Middle Eastern sand dwellers?
Responding to Theists letters here and on other forums is like playing chess with a pigeon - it knocks the pieces over, messes on the board and flies back to its flock to claim victory. You can't win.
They also seem more interested in dying than living and hoping for something better, when they should be looking around and seeing the Universe in all its glory.
I'm waiting for the next question that I'm always asked - if we were once monkeys, how come there are still monkeys? Here we go again, well...
R GERVAIS
Who cares about poor animals?
Just thought I'd share my experiences of politics gone wrong. I arrived home from work to find a very malnourished Border Collie skulking near the close we live in.
After a lot of coaxing I managed to get the dog on a lead. I lead it to our back garden as it was terrified. The dog on inspection had no fur on its back, legs or tail, it was covered in bites and you could see its ribs/hip bones and spine. I gave the dog a bowl of dried food; in the end it had three bowls.
I had an idea where the dog had come from, so I went to see the owner, they eventually answered the door and said "have you found my dog?" I told them I was going to inform the RSPCA and they closed the door. On returning I rang the only RSPCA number available and was told by them the call was logged but no guarantee on when an officer could come out.
The problem I had was I have three dogs and there would be a severe chance they would catch the mange themselves.
My next port of call was to ring the local vets thinking they would be able to home the dog and possibly treat it until the RSPCA arrived. I was told they could not have it because the RSPCA was aware and why don't I take it back to the owner.
A while later the local RSPCA officer came on the phone, my hopes soared but were dashed when I was told because I had reported the dog to the cruelty line, "protocol" said the local RSPCA officer would have to be informed of it by them and they only worked 9-5 so best thing is take the dog back to the owner and they would probably get a call sometime tomorrow.
I questioned whether there wasn't some kind of ethics missing and asked if the RSPCA turned up the next day and the dog was dead, what would happen? I was told "then they would probably get prosecuted". I asked whether the idea of prosecution rather than prevention was the correct route. I likened this to the unfortunate case of Baby P but it seems the people we think really want to help don't really put their money (donations) where their mouth is.
In the end I had no choice but to take the dog back as the discomfort and vet bills for my three dogs would be unthinkable.
Shame on you animal cruelty charities, shame on you vets.
STEVE PERFECT
Bradwell new homes insanity
It has been a long time since I have written a letter to the Mercury, but the insanity of building 1,000 homes in Bradwell goes beyond reason. Yes, they say they will build a school, will it take 2,000-plus students. Has the education authority given the go ahead?
What about healthcare. At least in excess of 3,000 extra people needing hospital care and operations, dental care, ambulance services, need I go on. They may tell you it would create more jobs, but there isn't enough work for the present residents and school leavers.
Our hospitals are at full stretch, as are schools. I know they would say this would create more jobs for nurses, doctors, dentists, schoolteachers etc, but could they afford to employ more people? Would it give us the skilled people needed and could we afford it?
Yallop Avenue,
Sadness at Fr MacCarthy going
I write to express my sadness at the imminent retirement of Father Henry MacCarthy. We have been so greatly blessed in Gorleston to have in our midst this wonderfully caring, compassionate, and kindly parish priest. His pastoral concern and commitment to share the faith, while walking in total humility by our side, will leave indelible memories.
As residents will be aware, I suffered the trauma of bereavement earlier this year and have received great kindness and succour from Father Henry. I have spent about a year of my life in France, a country which although declared 'laic' (secular) by Nicolas Sarkozy, has a strong core of Roman Catholicism.
Through the good offices of your newspaper I wish to offer my heartfelt gratitude and my most sincere good wishes to Father Henry on his retirement.
CAROLINE BUDDERY
Cllrs actions are commendable
I have had an email response from deputy mayor Cllr Colleen Walker, a board member of Great Yarmouth Port Authority in answer to my letter in the Mercury September 13 when I asked if the three serving councillors would refuse to take the £700 for a short session board meeting, netting them £2,800 each for the four scheduled meetings per annum. Mrs Walker has told me she did not want to comment further on expenses with the GYPA but one would hope her own conscience would stop her and the other two councillors from drawing this tax free cash and instruct the board to use the money to promote our port and its resources.
Last week our Mercury letters page carried Cllr Patrick Hacon's letter, one out of three councillors realises the Port needs their help in saving money and we need the remaining 11 board members to think along the same lines as him. The action of Cllr Hacon in denouncing the £700 expenses for so little a time as a board member is most commendable. He will not lose by his action.
JOHN L COOPER
Burnt Lane,
Model Village visit was a treat
Having decided to spend our holiday at home, we visited Merrivale Model Village and it was our number one favourite for presentation and best value for money. Our ages were 13 to granny age. Go and see for yourselves before it closes for the season, I cannot praise the village enough, or the gardeners.
MARY WOODS
Sycamore Avenue,
If it's not broken then leave alone
Further to Sam Russell's article (September 20) and the subject of the location of the Emergency Car Practitioner (ECP) and Rapid Response Vehicle at Hemsby Surgery. This is not only about having a valuable resource and highly professional person located in the right place, it is also about efficiency, continuity, local knowledge and peace of mind.
The East Anglian Ambulance Trust, currently under temporary management and doing a good job under the circumstances, has proved itself not to be great at decision making. Not enough ambulances, low staff morale and poor response times is not a good place to be. The efforts being made by the Trust to improve and the focus by our local councillors and MPs to improve the service is appreciated and must continue.
Where good practice, with highly qualified people and an efficient service is in place as was the case at Hemsby then leave it alone. If it ain't broke don't fix it. Concentrate on where it is broke.
EUNICE and TERRY BYRNE
Fears about aggregates loss
I worry about the enormous amount of aggregate removed from our area and it's undoubted effects. At the Maritime festival I spoke to a man exhibiting crabs and lobsters. He was part of some marine environment agency.
He assured me that there would be no effects on the seabed of marine life. Also,100,000 tonnes of aggregate were washed down from Lincolnshire and deposited at the Wash every year. He also said the aggregate companies have to write and inform the government of all possible effects, so in theory there should be no effects. So that's okay then? All this aggregate is for building in the UK, perhaps a few more uninhabited shards built for someone's ego. Silly old misinformed me, worrying for nothing.
IRENE JORDAN
Stop damaging Great Yarmouth!
Trevor Wainwright and Co need to be stopped before they irreversibly damage Yarmouth. Having failed to implement a detrimental parking zone in the largest part of the now, they now wish to blight out Golden Miles with another two car parks.
Why did the council build on a large part of the Beach Coach Station and restore St George's Theatre without car park facilities if we are so short of parking spaces? How much will it cost to park at these new sites? Four existing central seafront car parks cost £12.50 for an average day out (10am to 4pm), more if you stay longer. This is prohibitively expensive for a holiday resort; we must push prices down to encourage visitors.
Toilets must also be a priority. We have already closed too many and with so few left it would be madness to close anymore. We should be adding to them; is it possible to open some of our underground sites?
Sadly, Great Yarmouth is one of the most deprived areas of the country and our council appears to do little to help, in some cases destroying any hope of a new lease of life. We all need our holiday industry to do well. I wonder what the new marketing strategy for the town will be; Welcome to Great Yarmouth, where we will gladly rip you off for parking and send you home with a burst bladder. Have a nice day!
MARIE WRIGHT
Stanley Road,
We need buses to run on time
I have used the local bus service from Fleggburgh to Yarmouth, and back again, for the last 10 years. I used to catch the First bus regularly Monday to Friday at 8am outside the King's Arms. The bus ran on time. However, the service was discontinued. I then started to use the Sanders service which leaves Fleggburgh at 8.13am and from Yarmouth back at 4.20pm, Monday to Saturday. As there was generally no seats available on this I decided to catch the next bus, 10.35am from Fleggburgh, and 1.45pm from Yarmouth. It has arrived late and it's really bad when it is raining or snowing as there is no bus shelter on Town Road where the stop is. We really the buses to run on time – and a bus shelter.
Mr P TURNER
St Margaret's Way,
Spend tax where it comes from
Have the councillors of this town taken leave of their senses, with the proposal of more toilets being taken from the town; and in such a central area where lots of people relax. If holidaymakers are enjoying their time on the Central Beach they shouldn't have to pack everything away just to go and find a toilet, when one is already close at hand.
However, they have missed the trick of converting loos into living accommodation as it has done to the North Quay facilities. As there was a hint people could use the Marina Centre loos for a fee, I take it then that residents can use the town hall conveniences, with proof of paying council tax.
Perhaps the community could select representatives to replace councillors as it appears only the normal man and woman in the street seems to know what is essential in this borough; and it could be put back on the map where it used to be. May I suggest council tax collected in the Gorleston side of the river be spent in Gorleston, then we could see things as they were, with complete seafront promenade seating rebuilt as it was and shelters with proper seating as it used to be. Normal things that were.
C HOPKINS
So, is a lifeboat really a lifeship!
I was reading about people trying to see the boats on the river. This took me back many years when the river was full of so-called boats when a gentleman from a boat informed a landlubber they were not boats, but ships, powered with engines. You row a boat with oars. I have thought since you can't call a lifeboat a lifeship can you, just because they have an engine?
JACK EDMONDS
Queensway,
Caister on Sea
Case for A47 has been proven
Transport minister Stephen Hammond is right to think many of us will be cynical about his visit to fact-find in the A47 and Acle New Road. My cynicism has reached record levels.
The project has been discussed for years and surely the case has been researched and proven many times. Labour and John Prescott hardly helped with his idea that public transport was the solution and then failed to properly invest in that!
The fact that local MPs are behind A47 improvements is hardly reassuring as they were behind a campaign for rail improvements which saw Norfolk get minimal investment. Likewise, there was no A47 road pinchpoint funding in spite of the Runham roundabout daily jams and even gridlock. It may be useful to have the road properly maintained before the appalling road surface causes an accident.
More cynicism is fuelled when it seems 2015 election year may see some sort of road announcement made! No doubt the same year, rail station improvement will miraculously appear. The A47 is far more important than the rail station, being used by millions. No doubt the wildlife along the road is more important than improved transport. The A47 solution may be for the road to become a toll road again. This would be ideal to rebuild tourism encouraging visitors to go elsewhere and transport firms to avoid the town and increase commuter costs. The precedent is set with the A14 improvements are a toll road. Indeed, alternative routes to the town could be tolled to raise further funds. This would also help solve car parking problems in the town by keeping cars out of the town.
Together with a failure to address coastal erosion, the town could gradually decline further and eventually disappear.
Victoria Street,
Man acquired reasoning power
While not subscribing to the opinions of Mr Barkhuizen, I also must reject those of Mr Gervais. In spite of all the bizarre beliefs about God in ancient times, I do not think it reasonable to accept the existence of a Life Force whom to each species gave its instincts for survival and in some cases formation into families, herds and packs etc. I also believe mankind was created or evolved as a social animal.
However, at some stage in history he acquired reasoning power, not relying any more entirely on his instincts. Consequently the Life Force (God) sent people into the world to point the right direction for mankind to go.First came Moses (or someone) who tabulated the Ten Commandments by which the whole of the civilised world lives (more of less). Later came Jesus Christ who envisaged a completely new way of life which he called the Kingdom of Heaven. If his teaching had been adopted, the world now would have been a very different place.
Unfortunately for a long time his message was suppressed and was replaced by the Christian Religion, practiced by the Roman Catholic church at that time with its doctrines, heresies, rites and ceremonies. It wasn't until the Bible and particularly the Gospels that things such as the abolition of slavery and of child slavery, women's rights, nearly all these by people who were believers in one form or another.
I know that atheists can do good works; it is something called the Social Conscience. However, I believe Christian tradition and something in the genes may have a bit to do with it.
P REEVE
Why shut one of best prisons?
Blundeston Prison is one of four units earmarked for closure by the Ministry of Justice because they are said to be either expensive to run or need substantial capital investment.
The category C prison near Lowestoft has a capacity for 526 prisoners, a 60-bed wing for life sentence prisoners and employs more than 100 officers and a further 130 staff. Also local businesses will also suffer with its imminent closure.
Watching local news this week it was said that Waveney MP Peter Aldous wasn't informed regarding the closure, until it became general knowledge through national and local press. Mr Aldous has now received a response from the government to his letter to justice secretary Chris Grayling, in which he set out his disappointment regarding the closure.
The reason I've started this conversation is firstly we have to have prisons especially according to the government's own inspection reports it was one of the best.
There then, are three points to consider: 1 So why close it; 2 The damage it will cause to prison officers their families; 3 The total disrespect to local businesses; 4 Finally what hope do we have constituents if MPs selected to represent our interests and concerns don't know what's going on in within their area, how disrespectful is that?
So I'm looking for your opinions on these matters and get the MPs and government working for its people for a change and also support our prison officers and local business interest.
STEVE GILDER
No evidence that Jesus existed
Now I understand Mr Barkhuizen's problem with his view on religion. In his letter on September 20 he claims that Jesus rising from the dead was an historic fact. There is in fact no proven historic evidence that Jesus even existed.
The dying and rising from the dead is a very common Easter story claimed by a number of religious groups but the particular one about Jesus was probably adopted from Mithras.
He was a Persian god very popular with the Romans prior to the Constantine adopting Christianity as the official Roman religion for political reasons. Mithras was born of a virgin on the 25th December, had 12 followers and died at Easter then rose from the dead 3 days later. The Mithras story is of course just a story just as the Jesus one is.
Royal Naval Hospital,
We are lucky to have the JPH
I have recently spent several weeks in our wonderful JPH, in wards seven and six, then for a very brief three days in ward nine. In ward seven especially, I and others enjoyed (that is the right word) the warm, friendly care, the empathy and devotion towards patients. The informality of using first names helped considerably to our well-being. There was great bonhomie between us and all the staff, no matter what their position; friendly chats between their dashing about!
There were daily visits by doctors, surgeons and others. Co-ordination between various departments was excellent. The cheery care was evident throughout the hospital.
As for food, there was a good varied menu including a huge protein/calorie diet for there who needed it - and I did! There was always help with feeding where needed.
To all the staff with whom I came into contact, my grateful thanks and very best wishes - we are very lucky to have our JPH.
PAMELA FOWLER
Hopton on Sea
Bowls Festival was the best yet
Having just finished the 65th annual bowls festival I must say it was probably the best in my 20 years of organising it. The weather was brilliant which attracted huge crowds watching the bowls with the greens running very well.
My thanks to my hardworking committee and the tourism office for all their help, to the sponsors and advertisers for their continued support, to the greenkeepers for preparing the greens and the Great Yarmouth Mercury and Eastern Daily Press for their coverage of the festival. Many thanks to all who gave raffle prizes and the people who brought tickets, which helped to raise £2,746, which was given to Great Yarmouth Cancer Centre and the Leah Wilby Foundation. Many thanks to Richard, Doug and Kenny who sold the tickets.
Finally my sincere thanks to Irene and Doris who kept us all fed and watered during the tournament.
I would also like to quash any rumours concerning the festival next year as untrue, and I look forward to seeing you all again on Sunday, August 24, 2014.
DEREK WEBSTER
Lichfield Road,
Thanks to Miriam and Links group
I am writing on behalf of myself, my family, friends and neighbours, with a huge thanks you to Mirian Kikis and her group who formed the Vauxhall Links.
This is the first group in the UK to be awarded £10,000 from the Hertiage Lottery Fund. This fund is to do projects in the community and the Vauxhall Links group have raised the awareness of the historic importance of Vauxhall Bridge. Thank you once again Vauxhall Links.
ELIZABETH MCMURRAY
Mariners Close,
A credit to their professions
There is such a lot of bad press concerning our hospital, especially the A&E department that we felt we wanted to convey our thanks publicly through your paper for our recent experience.
One of the ladies at our local church's Young at Heart group had a heart attack outside the church on Tuesday morning last week. The lady at the switchboard was very supportive, and talked us through step by step, patiently and kindly. The ambulance arrived in minutes, the paramedics taking over and dealing most efficiently with the patient and her friends. When they left, making the journey to the hospital, we were naturally left wondering about our friend. Imagine our surprise when a little later, a paramedic returned to our group, thanking us and giving us an update on her condition.
These folk were a credit to the hospital and their profession, and a reminder of the good work that they do, day in, day out. We would like to send them a big "Thank you".
JANE MILL
On behalf of Young at Heart
Professionalism of Paget team
I thought it could make a change for the Mercury to receive a letter in praise of the James Paget Hospital. During my recent stay I was impressed by the professionalism of the whole team.
Their skill, kindness and good humour returned me to better health and nobody ought to fault the standard of care, food, cleanliness and general excellence. I owe my sincere thanks to the staff of Ward 17 and the Sandra Chapman Centre in particular. We are very lucky to have a hospital of such high standard in our area.
BRIDGET BURRAGE
Lovewell Road,
Gorlestont

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Charo is a soft cushioned chair upholstered in fabric including the hand rest. The base frame is made in wood.
Structure made up of neem/silver wood with 40 density foam and poly fill for medium softness Legs made in solid wood with melamine finish. Upholstery done in fabric.


Playing with Papercrafting: The Night in Bethlehem Bundle - So Many Possibilities!
The Night in Bethlehem Bundle - So Many Possibilities!
I'm working my way through all the amazing stamp sets and bundles I got with my Holiday Catalogue order and, although I've used my Night in Bethlehem bundle, I haven't used it to its fullest potential, so I was excited for the chance to do justice to it yesterday! What this set really needs is a full blown diorama - you know the kind we used to made in school in a shoebox! We would cut a whole in one end and then build a three dimensional display inside the shoebox, put the lid on and look through the peep hole in the end to view it. But it's a little hard to mail something like that so I set out to create a flattish diorama!
I had Night of Navy and Silver in my mind when I went to create this card, and that was the extent of the colour scheme, except for the Whisper White cardstock that Mary and Joseph were stamped on. Some of the silver, such as the stars and the sentiment were heat embossed in Silver Stampin' Emboss Powder, while the rest was die cut from Silver Foil sheets.
I wanted to be able to die cut the village buildings from the silver foil that formed the backing for the Night of Navy front panel, but, because of the palm trees, which extended out a bit further than the edge of the Night of Navy panel, that wouldn't work and I had to use another piece of Silver Foil sheet for these. I did, however, die cut the large star from the center of this panel.
I tried Mary and Joseph stamped in Night of Navy on Whisper White or embossed in Silver on Whisper White and the Night of Navy was a better contrast so I used that design. They have a coordinating die as well.
I glued the back layer of the village directly to the Night of Navy cardstock. I added Mini Stampin' Dimensionals to the second layer of the village, and layered it over the first die cut of the village and it really gives it a 3D look without it sticking out too far. Mary and Joseph have another set of Mini Dimensionals to set them right in the foreground. Also mounting them lower on the card accomplishes that.
I hope you enjoyed those valuable lessons in blending with the Stampin' Blends and understanding the basic tools of the trade! Contact me if you are interested in ordering!


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Home / Issues / July 2012 / The last all-rounder
The last all-rounder
Mat Oxley
Many moons ago the Isle of Man TT was Britain's round of the grand Prix world Championship. Nowadays grand Prix racing and TT racing are very different disciplines, contested by very different riders. But some time between then and now there was a period when a few riders managed to successfully combine racing on short circuits with racing on the Manx roads.
The last of the all-rounders – the last man who could win a TT one weekend and then score a Grand Prix podium the next – was a wild New Zealander called Graeme Crosby. In Australasian parlance Crosby was a bit of a hoon. He was a brave young bike nut who had grown up dreaming of racing on the Isle of Man. His dream came true in 1979.
"I'd always wanted to do the TT because it's an icon," says Crosby. "I didn't feel it would be too dangerous because I'd always been street riding and racing back home. It was Mike Hailwood who helped us get a start. He was living in New Zealand at the time and had watched me in a few races. I was just a hairy-arsed kid, but we used to go to his place, talk about the TT and spill red wine all over the carpet, much to his wife's dismay."
Crosby turned up in Britain a few weeks before the TT to take in a Brands Hatch national. Dressed in tatty leathers and riding a ratty high-handlebar Kawasaki, he somehow managed to harass Ron Haslam's factory-prepared Honda. The fans immediately fell in love with this rowdy, wise-cracking Kiwi.
Crosby was a TT natural – so fast so soon that old-timers were anxiously warning him of impending doom. But he already knew exactly what he was up against.
"I didn't learn the track the traditional way – lining up those two lamp posts and so on. I got to know where everyone had killed themselves. It was macabre but it demanded I had a helluva lot more respect for the circuit."
In 1980 Suzuki signed Crosby to contest both the TT and the 500 World Championship. He was the only factory rider employed to do both jobs. That year he won the Formula 1 and senior TTs and scored his first 500 Grand Prix podium. He followed that with another TT win in 1981 and several more GP top-three finishes, but '81 turned out to be his last TT, following the death of his great friend Kenny Blake, a talented Australian privateer.
"I will always remember leaving the paddock with Kenny's van still parked there, clothing hanging on the line. That had a huge impact. That's why I decided not to go back – I'd won three races and that was enough."
For 1982 Crosby devoted himself to Grands Prix, riding for Giacomo Agostini's Marlboro Yamaha Team, and he finished the World Championship second overall, behind Italian Franco Uncini and immediately ahead of Freddie Spencer, Kenny Roberts and Barry Sheene. And then he retired, partly because he was fed up with paddock politics and partly because he had discovered a new love.
"All of a sudden racing lost its appeal. I'd taken up flying and that consumed me."
Crosby was the last of a breed and very funny with it. He was famed for his rascally behaviour, which included drinking into the wee small hours, even on race days on the Isle of Man.
"I used to be the worst at partying, I don't know how Suzuki put up with me. I used to be so bad, there'd be times when I was racing that I probably would've failed a breathalyser test."
Few people got away without falling victim to Crosby's mischief. One night at the Suzuka Eight Hours I'd been out drinking with my team. It was horribly hot and humid, so we broke into the circuit swimming pool for a skinny dip. When we climbed out of the pool we found that our clothing had disappeared into the night, leaving us with no option but to return to our hotel stark naked. We knew damn well who'd done it long before Crosby owned up.
Audi's Le Mans machine
'It's been a great ride'


Free school advocate Toby Young warned the former Spice Girl of difficulties but supports her campaign.
Former Spice Girl Geri Halliwell's plan to set up her own school has received the backing of Toby Young, one of the leading supporters of the free school movement.
Halliwell, aka Geri Horner following her recent marriage to Formula One tycoon Christian Horner, wants to set up a "co-educational school specialising in arts and business" near her home in Highgate, north London.
The former pop star, 43, attended non-fee-paying schools in the area herself and told the Mail on Sunday that she now wants to help teenagers reach their full potential.
Young, a columnist who set up one of Britain's first free schools, told BuzzFeed News she was "brave" for trying to set up her own secondary school, "given the risk that she won't succeed".
"I think it's brave of her to try and do it, and be so public about it," he said. "It's very, very difficult to set up a free school, particularly in London where suitable sites are so scarce. But she's clearly not the type to shrink from a challenge."
"I really welcome the news," he said, "because it sends a message to teenagers that you shouldn't neglect your studies and rely on finding fame and fortune as a pop star, as she has done."
Young set up the West London Free School in 2011 and since then has encouraged others to follow suit.
"The most important thing you can do if you want to succeed in life is to get a good education," he said. "They hear that from their parents and teachers every day, but they're more likely to listen to a role model like her."
Free schools are schools that are not controlled or influenced by local authorities, and can be set up by anyone.
That means it's up to whoever sets up the school to set conditions on their teaching staff and what they teach. Free schools aim to teach a " broad and balanced" curriculum focused on maths, English, and science but they don't have to follow the National Curriculum, which means they have greater freedom to choose what is taught.
If it gets the go-ahead, the school will open in 2018. Halliwell has already had initial consultations with the Department of Education over the plans.
A spokesperson for the department stressed that she had participated in very early discussions with advisers. Anyone who wants to open a free school has to first register an interest with the DoE before entering preliminary discussions.
Imagine thinking "I want what's best for my children. No comprehensive will do them. No. They must go to Geri Halliwell's free school"
And some comments were classics.
At the moment, it is unclear exactly what form the school will take.
Robbie Bushe, the president of Visual Arts Scotland, told BuzzFeed News: "If it is just a talent-show-style fame academy, then I can see no reason for it to exist.
"The problem is her credibility as a role model in the arts and education. ... Does she have it, and would the school be the right kind of environment to nurture creativity with purpose to transform lives? If so, then she gets my full support, but not at the expense of other schools to invest in the arts."
"In Norway they have specialist academies in the arts for 14- to 18-year-olds – that is a model I like," Bushe said. "It means expertise and resources can be maximised and can get creative individuals ready for undergraduate progression to their very competitive design undergraduate degrees.
"Geri's idea just sounds like a publicity-seeking stunt or naivety...but I would love to be proved wrong."


Although without any relation to the war, the song was the most sung by the Alps during the First World War and became famous all over Italy 1 . In 1955-56 Sunday radio broadcast of Dino Verde (it) and Renzo Tarabusi (it)for the Italian Armed Forces went on the air with the title What mazzolin di fiori . The song was part of the Gigliola Cinquetti album in 1972 Su e giù per le montagne 2 and was engraved in 1974 in the album ofTopo Gigio (it)Topo Gigio in Canzonissima . It is performed in France by Les Compagnons de la chanson and re-released in 2005 on the album Nos Jeunes Années published by Marianne Mélodie 3 .


Browse: Home /	Community Building, Community Gardens, URBAN FARM & GARDEN / Now TWO Herbal Workshops on September 27!
Join Master Herbalist and owner of Sacred Vibes Apothecary, Karen Rose, to discuss how we prepare our bodies for cold and flu season.
The sun's light is shifting and a slight chill now greets us at dawn and at dusk. This is the time to prepare our bodies for the coming cold.
We will discuss the ways in which herbs can help to nourish and strengthen our bodies and discuss herbal first-aid for the fall and winter months.
All participants will have a chance to make an Elderberry Tincture to bring home with them!
See you in the garden!!!
And don't forget our Herbal Medicine Preparation workshop at 10am as well!


All tacos served w/ cilantro, salsa, onions & queso fresco with a soft flour shell.
One crispy flour tortilla rolled with rice, beans, cheese, lettuce, pico de gallo and sour cream.
Three corn dough stuffed with chicken, beef, or pork, beans, cheese with cabbage and salsa.
Five crispy-fried rolled taco stuffed with beef or chicken topped with salsa and queso fresco.
Four deep fried corn dough (masa) stuffed with beef, chicken or pork serve with sauteed cabbage, cheese and salsa.
Served with large flour tortilla topped with lettuce, tomatoes, onion, cheese and avocado.
Served with rice or beans, choice of cucumber salad, elbow salad, beets salad, ensalada rusa and salsa ranchera.
Served with lettuce, onions, avocado, queso fresco and dressing.
Served with hotdogs, sausage, steak, guacamole, cabbage, dressing.
Served with lettuce, tomato, cheese, dressing and French fries.
Two bell peppers stuffed with chicken or beef served with rice, cucumber salad and salsa ranchera.
Three corn dough (tamales) stuffed with beef, chicken or pork wrapped with corn husk serve salsa and queso fresco.
Two crisp corn tortillas topped with chicken or beef, onions and cheese.
Five crispy corn tortillas topped with chicken or beef, onions, sauteed cabbage, and queso fresco.
Large flour tortilla stuffed with chicken and pineapple.
Two chicken sandwiches with lettuce and sauce.
Rice noodles with vegetables, beef and chicken.
Two crisp corn tortillas topped with beef and chicken chow mein and beets.
Served with rice or beans and choice of cucumber salad, elbow salad or beets salad.
Served with rice or beans, elbow salad and salsa ranchera.


sangu.me 9 out of 10 based on 638 ratings. 2,352 user reviews.
GM POWER STEERING PUMP PULLEY: 12559890. 1997 04 Chevy Corvette Power Steering Pump Pulley General Motors OEM 12559890. This item is backed by a 10 Year Warranty.
If you have followed the procedures in the previous chapters, your Corvette body has been separated from its frame and mechanical components. The body has been mounted onto a dolly that allows it to be moved and transported around the shop or to another location.


Desert Pines Golf Club is described by many as "The Pinehurst" of Las Vegas. This Dye designed course features thousands of mature pine trees lining the fairways. White sand bunkers protect large, undulating greens with water coming into play on 9 out of 18 holes. Desert Pines is extremely convenient, located less than 10 minutes from downtown and less than 15 minutes from the Las Vegas Strip. This course provides players of all abilities a fun and rewarding experience ... one in which you`ll use every club in your bag. Golf Digest has recognized Desert Pines as one of the best new upscale courses in the country.


Discussion in 'Other Public Transport' started by djpontrack, 14 Apr 2019.
Hi, does anyone know the mileage of this line please? Preferably in miles and chains.
Thanks for that mate. Is Paston Place the same place as Halfway station?


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text:
Филимоновщина — название населённых пунктов в России:

 Филимоновщина — деревня в Кирово-Чепецком районе Кировской области.
 Филимоновщина — деревня в Оричевском районе Кировской области.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The condition of roads in uMzimkhulu is slowly improving. The Department of transport has injected funds into uMzimkhulu to build and maintain access roads within the municipality and other major routes. The total road network is 1200km long. The majority of the local rural access road is in a poor condition, needing regular maintenance and upgrade. Access to some villages is only possible by light delivery vehicles and it is estimated that 45% of access roads become unusable during the rainy seasons.
Most of the roads in uMzimkhulu are repaired and maintained by the Department of Transport. Some rural roads are under the care of the Municipality.


Find The Business Opportunity That's Right For You.
All of these opportunities are proven money-makers, but like all things, you have to put some effort into making them work for you. Most of our plans you buy the merchandise from us and you put your own price on them. There's no telling how much you could actually make. Our prices are very reasonable and competitive.
You can be your own boss with your own products and set your own schedule, days off and vacations. You can also determine how much money you want to make. To get started cost a mere $50.00 and that's just to pay for your own color catologs. You will receive 100 color catalogs that you put your information on and hand out to your customers, they make a purchase and you are on your way to a secure, weekly or daily income. You decide how often you get paid. The $50.00 covers postage, shipping and handling.
You are purchasing 10, 1/3 oz bottles of oil, your choice of fragrances, for $6.00 ea. which is a discount of $4 off per bottle.
You will recieve 25 assorted keychains and bracelets. We sell them for $3ea. but in this package you will be discounted $1 of off each item. We will send you our very best items that we know you'll be able to sell - if you don't decide to keep them for yourself or to give to friends and family. Yes, they are just that stunning.
Free program that has been proven to generate that extra income. Contact us and we'll send it to your email address with everything you need to get it working.
Here in San Antonio, we are part of an organization that goes out in the streets daily to pass out tracts and religious booklets to share the gospel of Christ and we also sell merchandise to help pay for Bibles that we give to area churches, shelters, ministries and the homeless. When you purchase items from us a percentage of the purchase goes to help us purchase and provide Bibles to God's lost sheep.We pray that you will find something that you can use on this site. God bless.
Make sure you are kept up to date on our Bible-Drive, new items and sales.
Your help and contribution will go a long way and is very much appreciated. I challenge you to give at lease $1 - God Bless You!


text:
MeteoSwiss: Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology
FOAG: Federal Office for Agriculture
FOCP: Federal Office for Civil Protection
FOPH: Federal Office of Public Health
FSVO: Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office
WSL: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
Snow-scarce winters
Climate change and impacts
Data and media library
The NCCS and priority themes
Climate change and impactscurrent page
Swiss Climate Change Scenarios
Back Back Swiss Climate Change Scenarios
Dry summers
Heavy precipitation
More hot days
Snow-scarce winters selected
When climate change mitigation takes hold
Winters will be significantly warmer by the middle of the century. Although there will be more precipitation, it will fall more frequently in the form of rain because of the higher temperatures. Particularly in lower-lying regions, it will snow less often and in smaller quantities. The snowy areas of Switzerland will therefore shrink considerably.
Winter temperature
Elevation increase of the zero-degree line in winter
Possible around mid-century
+2 °C to +3.5 °C
400 m to 650 m
Possible by the end of the century
700 m to 1050 m
Possible range of changes in comparison to 1981 to 2010 without climate change mitigation (simulation range). Typical 30-year averages across Switzerland. Temperature changes are rounded to 0.5 °C.
Possible scenario in 2060
In winter, it is on average 3.5 °C warmer than now. There is less snowfall in terms of both amount and frequency. Snowfall amounts in low-lying areas are reduced by half. The elevation of the zero-degree line has risen by 650 metres and is situated at about 1,500 metres above sea level in winter.
The climate warming experienced to date has already had a significant effect on the snow and ice conditions. The Alpine glaciers have lost about 60 percent of their volume since 1850. Moreover, at altitudes below 800 meters, the number of days with snowfall has halved since 1970.
Switzerland's average temperatures in winter will continue to rise in the future. By mid-century, the zero-degree line could increase in elevation from today's level at 850 metres to up to 1,500 meters above sea level. Snowfall will change as the result of two opposing effects: Increases in temperature will lead to a greater proportion of precipitation falling as rain, but the total amounts of precipitation in winter will also increase.
On balance, however, our country will experience a considerable reduction in both snowfall and snow cover. This will predominantly affect the low-lying areas, particularly in springtime. Below altitudes of 1,000 metres, snow cover will approximately halve by the middle of the century; by the end of the century, it will probably diminish by over 80 percent.
The higher altitudes will also be affected. The large majority of Alpine locations is expected to suffer reductions in snowfall, particularly in the spring. The decreased amounts of snow will also affect the glaciers: They will not be fed with enough snow, and they will also melt at a faster rate.
In winter, small-scale phenomena such as inversion layers and cold-air pools often dictate local weather patterns. Consequently, snowfall amounts fluctuate widely, and so it is difficult to simulate them in a climate model. This means that there could also occasionally be winters in the future with plenty of snow.
The changes in snowfall and snow cover not only have an effect on winter tourism but are also relevant for sectors such as hydropower and transportation.
Snow becomes a rarity
In higher-altitude, snow-rich locations, snow will fall on significantly fewer days; in the central Alps, 30 fewer days of snowfall per year are expected by the middle of this century. In the lower altitudes, and in particular on the Swiss Plateau, the number of snow days will not be reduced quite so dramatically, as it seldom snows in these areas already now.
Increase in elevation of zero-degree line
The elevation of the zero-degree line has already risen considerably, and this trend will continue even more markedly in the future. The areas with the right conditions for snow can be expected to shrink in size.
Very little snow at low elevations
The warming will cause snow cover to shrink significantly at all elevations. In lower-lying areas, snow-covered landscapes will largely be a thing of the past.
Image 1 /
The key messages can also be found in the CH2018 brochure, which is available in printed form or as an electronic download.
Last modification 06.12.2018
Federal office of meteorology and climatology MeteoSwiss
CH-8058 Zurich-Airport
« Winter tourism is an important attraction for our region as a destination. The new data will help us to arrive at clearer estimations of the challenges associated with the changing snow conditions. »
Carmelia Maissen, Mayor of Ilanz/Glion
https://www.nccs.admin.ch/content/nccs/en/home/climate-change-and-impacts/swiss-climate-change-scenarios/key-messages/snow-scarce-winters.html
Climate basics
Observed climate change in Switzerland
Risks and opportunities of climate change
Measures and projects
Training and communication
Dealing with natural hazards
Spatial development and urban planning
Major regions
Media and data
Multi-media and publications
The National Centre for Climate Services NCCS
About the NCCS
Priority themes and other activities


When I was about 10 years old my parents put me in to the orphanage because they are very poor, so they will not be able to support me to go to school. I was in the orphanage until I finished highschool and I met a man from America, he is very good for me, he told me that he will support me to go to the University. So I came out from orphanage and get in to study in University. After I graduated, I have been teaching English in goverment school for 7 years before I was started House Of Union orphanage and shelter.
Because of my parents putting me in to the orphanage, so I met the opportunity of life and changed my life in better. I believe that HOU will give opportunity for orphans and poorness children becoming successful in life.
Come and join us as volunteers, visiting missions teams. Opportunities at the HOU for your team include conducting children's programmes, teaching English, spending time with the children around the house and farm, helping with current building and property improvement projects and visiting and ministering to the surrounding hill tribes.


text:
A validated UV-HPLC method for determination of chlorogenic acid in Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching, Polypodiaceae
Jiagen Wen1, Liqun Kang2, Huan Liu3, Yiyun Xiao2, Xiuzhen Zhang2, Yuxiang Chen1,
1 School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, China
2 College of Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
3 National Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center of The Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
Yuxiang Chen
School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha - 410013
Background: Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching (L. drymoglossoides), a member of the Polypodiaceae family, was used in the treatment of numerous diseases. However, none of the potential ingredients and the quality control methods concerning this plant medicine was pronounced. Objective: To identify chlorogenic acid (CGA) from L. drymoglossoides and develop a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay of CGA. Materials and Methods: UV, TLC, and HPLC were utilized to identify the phytochemicals of L. drymoglossoides and determine the CGA content, respectively. The HPLC conditions were as following: a Phenomenex Luna C18 (2) (250 × 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 μm particle size; 100 Å pore size) column; the mobile phase of the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.5% aqueous phosphoric acid (11.5:88.5 v/v); the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and determination wavelength of 327 nm. Results: The proposed HPLC method has been developed and validated. The calibration curve was y = 28328x + 16610 (R2 = 0.9997). The intra-day and inter-day precision and intermediate precision were validated with the RSD less than 5%. The mean recovery rate of the method ranged from 95% to 104%, with the RSD less than 5%. The LOD and LQD values were 0.049 and 0.132 mg/L, respectively. The content of CGA in L. drymoglossoides approximately reached 0.24% (v/v) by the proposed extraction and determination methods. Conclusion: The assay method was simple, convenient, and accurate to the quantification of CGA and can be used for the quality control of the herb.
Wen J, Kang L, Liu H, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Chen Y. A validated UV-HPLC method for determination of chlorogenic acid in Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching, Polypodiaceae.Phcog Res 2012;4:148-153
Wen J, Kang L, Liu H, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Chen Y. A validated UV-HPLC method for determination of chlorogenic acid in Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching, Polypodiaceae. Phcog Res [serial online] 2012 [cited 2021 Jan 16 ];4:148-153
Available from: http://www.phcogres.com/text.asp?2012/4/3/148/99076
Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides is a member of the Polypodiaceae family, which is widely distributed in southern and western China, especially in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Guizhou provinces. The medicinal plants are extensively used in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, diarrhea, fever, and inflammatory diseases [1],[2],[3] by the community of Chinese ethnics Miao, Yao, and Tong. However, little is known concerning the phytochemistry of the species, especially the bioactive ingredients, and yet no method has been proposed for the standardization of this herb, which limit the exploitation and commercialization of these medicinal plants.
Currently, the pharmaceutical analytical methods based on the determination of one or several phytochemicals are commonly utilized in the quality control [4],[5] of raw drug materials or commercial drugs. To establish an analytical method of assessing the quality of L. drymoglossoides, the identification of certain natural products of secondary metabolism in the raw materials is indispensable. On the basis of the reports involving the phytochemistry of other common Polypodiaceae spices-Pyrrosla lingua (Thunb) [6] and Lepisorus thunbergianus (Kaulf) Ching, [7] chlorogenic acid (CGA) was found in high quantity. Thus, it credits the hypothesis that CGA is an important natural product present in L. drymoglossoides. In addition, because of the resemblance between the pharmaceutical properties of CGA (anti-inflammation, [8] antifungal activity, [9] and antioxidant [10] ) and the efficacy of L. drymoglossoides, the hypothesis seemed more convincing. Eventually, our initial investigation on the phytochemicals of L. drymoglossoides verified the hypothesis.
For the quality control of various phytochemical plants and drugs, CGA was commonly employed as a biomarker such as Chinese proprietary medicines Yi Qiao Jie Du tablets [11] and Flos Chrysanthemi Indici suppository. [12] CGA was also employed as a marker in quality monitoring during the postharvesting treatments of Brazilian coffees. [13] The initial discovery of CGA in L. drymoglossoides facilitates the development of an efficient analysis method. In this study, the proposed method has been validated in terms of specificity, linearity, limits of detection and quantity, precision, accuracy, and robustness, according to guidelines from ICH.
Plant material
The whole grass of L. drymoglossoides was obtained from Hunan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (the raw materials were collected in the area of Shaoguan, approximately 1000 m, Guangdong province, China, in October 2009). The species were identified by Dr. Jinping Li, a Botanist from School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University (China). Voucher specimens were deposited at the herbarium of the School of Biological Science and Technology under number CSU 091023. The whole grass of the plant was powdered by an electrical blender, sieved through a #24 mesh sieve and dried in a drying oven under the temperature of 60°C before extraction.
Chemicals and reagents
Chlorogenic acid standard reference (purity > 98.0%) was purchased from National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade acetonitrile was supplied by American Tedia Company (Fairfield, OH, USA). All the other solvents are analytically pure and obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water with a resistivity greater than 18 mΩwas collected from a certified Millipore Milli-Q system (Bedford, MA, USA).
Sample preparation for identification
A sample (2.0 g) of L. drymoglossoides powder was weighed and sonicated with 25 mL aqueous ethanol (50% v/v). The solution was filtrated and diluted into different concentrations prior to the UV spectra test. The reference solution for the UV test was also prepared by dissolving standard CGA in aqueous ethanol (50% v/v) to obtain a concentration of 1 mg/mL. For the test of TLC and HPLC, methanol was used as the solvent. Two grams of plant powder was weighed and extracted by 25 mL methanol for 30 min sonication extraction. The resulting solution was filtrated and concentrated to 1 mL. The concentration of the total CGA in the reference solution was also 1 mg/mL.
Identification of chlorogenic acid
Different concentrations of reference and test solutions were detected under a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-2550, Shimadzu, Japan) at the range from 200 to 400 nm. The spectra of the both solutions were obtained and analyzed. Two kinds of isolation solvents [acetic acid and isopropanol-formic acid (10:0.5 v/v)] were used in TLC. An aliquot (20 μL) of the solutions were developed on silicon G thin-layer plates, and finally the spots on the plates were determined under the wavelength of 365 nm. HPLC analysis was carried out on a chromatography system equipped with a high-precision pump (Shimadzu model LC-10-ATVP, Kyoto, Japan), a UV detector (Shimadzu model LC-10-ATVP) operating at 327 nm, and a Phenomenex Luna C18 (2) (250 × 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 μm particle size; 100 Å pore size). Chromatographic data were recorded and integrated in the class VP computer software. The mixture of acetonitrile and 0.5% aqueous phosphoric acid (11.5:88.5 v/v) was used as the mobile phase with the flow rate at 1.0 mL/min. The solutions were filtered through a 0.45 μm pore size filter (Millipore, Bedford, USA) prior to injection (injection volume is 10 μL).
Sample preparation for high performance liquid chromatography analysis
A sample (0.2 g) of dry plant powder was weighed accurately and transferred to a conical flask. Forty-five milliliters of aqueous methanol (50:50 v/v) was added to the powder and sonicated at room temperature in an ultrasonic bath for 40 min. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the residue was washed with 10 mL of 50% aqueous methanol. The two filtrates were combined and condensed to 25 mL approximately by a rotary evaporator at the temperature of 50 °C. After cooling, the liquid was transferred into a 50 mL volumetric flask and diluted with 50% aqueous methanol to the volume. An aliquot was refiltered through a 0.45 μm Millipore filter and 10 μL of the Millipore filtrates were assayed by a HPLC system.
The development and validation of high performance liquid chromatography analysis
During the initial study, all the HPLC conditions were investigated to obtain the best separation, and the optimization conditions of the analysis separation had been depicted in the section of "identification of CGA".
For the chromatographic method, developing a separation involves demonstrating specificity, which is the ability of the method to accurately measure the analyte response in the presence of all interferences. Therefore, the extraction mixtures obtained from the sample were analyzed and the analyte peak (CGA) was evaluated for peak purity and resolution from the nearest eluting peak.
A stock solution of standard was prepared by accurately weighing 7.84 mg of CGA and diluting in a 100 mL volumetric flask by 100 mL of 50% aqueous methanol obtained a final concentration of 78.4 mg/L. Five additional standard solutions with concentrations of 54.88, 39.20, 23.52, 7.84, and 3.92 mg/L were prepared by appropriated dilution of the stock solution. The above six standard solutions (injecting volume: 10μL) was injected thrice into the chromatograph to obtain the peak values. The calibration curve was drawn by plotting the peak area against the concentration of the CGA standard.
To verify precision of the method, the results obtained from six repeated experiments on real samples, at a target concentration, on one day (intra-day) and on three consecutive days (inter-day) were analyzed. Intermediate precision was determined by analyzing the same samples in the same laboratory in triplicate, but by another analyzer and different instruments. Intermediate precision analysis was carried out on a Shimadzu Prominence LC-20A instrument equipped with a model SIL-20A autosampler, a model SPD-20A UV-VIS detector and a LC-20AT pump. The separation was performed on the same Phenomenex analytical column as described above. The sample solution employed in the repeatability test was re-analyzed in triplicate under the above laboratory conditions.
The accuracy of the method was evaluated by the percentage of recovery. The samples were spiked with three different amounts of standard CGA before extraction and each level of addition was executed in triplicate. The average content of CGA was obtained by analysis of the six samples with no addition of standard in parallel.
The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were calculated on the basis of signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 3 and 10, respectively. LOD and LOQ were finally obtained by injecting a series of diluted solutions with known concentration.
Robustness was investigated by carrying out assays under slightly altered chromatographic conditions involving different flow rates of the mobile phase, different compositions of the mobile phase, and different temperatures of the column oven.
Ultraviolet and Thin-Layer Chromatography for identification
To identify the compound of CGA in L. drymoglossoides, a simple UV spectrum test was firstly designed in the identification procedure. The sample and standard solutions with different concentrations were detected under the UV-VIS spectrophotometer, and the resulting spectra of different concentrations showed a slight difference. The spectrogram with the optimized UV absorption curve is shown in [Figure 1]. Due to the various interferences in the sample solutions, the absorption curve of the sample shows a large inconsistency with the curve of CGA standard. However, a mild and low peak can be distinguished around the wavelength ranging from 315 nm to 335 nm, which is consistent with the CGA standard. TLC is a traditional analysis method employed to identify the ingredients contained in the herb with more reliability. [14] The results of TLC are shown in [Figure 2]a and b, respectively. The isolation time and temperature were investigated to obtain a better separation (the RF values) and clear spots. The best isolation time for separation with the solvent of acetic acid is 15 min (RF = 0.66), 10 min for separation with isopropanol:formic acid (10:0.5 v/v) as the solvent (RF = 0.29), and both of the isolations was performed at the temperature of 25°C.{Figure 1}{Figure 2}
High performance liquid chromatography analysis for the analyte
The methods of CA determination are various, such as ultraviolet spectroscopy, [15] thin layer chromatography, [16] liquid chromatography, [17] 1 H NMR spectroscopy, [18] mass spectroscopy, [19],[20] chemiluminescent, [21],[22] etc. Among these methods, UV assay and thin layer chromatography are widely used because of their simplicity and rapidness. However, the UV detection method has some disadvantages such as low accuracy and stability. Moreover, our preliminary investigations upon this method also indicated these disadvantages. 1 H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and chemiluminescent methods are accurate and sensitive, but too expensive and require highly complicated instruments, which most laboratories are in defect of. However, HPLC is the legal method for the determination of CGA in many herbs in the regulation of Chinese Pharmacy. [23] This method is not only in possession of good accuracy, sensitivity, and stability, but also unnecessary of high complicated instruments. Therefore, we employed the HPLC method here to quantify the CGA in L. drymoglossoides. This method was equally essential to confirm the existence of CGA in L. drymoglossoides by comparing the retention time and peak purity between sample and standard reference.
The preliminary investigations were directed toward obtaining a perfect profile of chromatography of the extraction matrix. Thus, the following factors were assessed: the detection wavelength, the type of column, the flow rate, and the composition of the mobile phase. Our studies indicated that the type of columns and the composition of the mobile phase gave a significant impact to the separation of the CGA peak and its adjacent peaks. Only when the separation was carried out on the Phenomenex Luna C18 (2) column and acetonitrile-0.5% aqueous phosphoric acid (11.5:88.5 v/v) was employed as the mobile phase, an ideal Gaussian curve of the peak was found with the theoretical plate number larger than 10,000, a slight tailing (T = 1.125) and a high resolution (R = 2.597) between the CGA peak and its adjacent peaks. The chromatograms of the standard and the sample under the optimized conditions were shown in [Figure 3]. The retention time and shape of the CGA peak between the two chromatograms showed a precise resemblance and no interference was found. Therefore, the identification of natural product CGA in L. drymoglossoides was confirmed.{Figure 3}
Validation of the high performance liquid chromatography analysis method
Validation of specificity of the analytical method was confirmed by the resolution value (R is apparently larger than 1.5) of the targeted peak, and the comparison between the chromatograms of the standard analyte and of the extracts assayed. From the profile of the extracts spiked with the standard, no additional peak was obtained, which indicates the purity of the targeted peak. The calibration curve for CGA constructed with the UV detector set at 327 nm was linear in the range 78.4-3.92 mg/L. The regression equation and correlation coefficient (R2 ) were derived as y = 28328x + 16610 (R2 = 0.9997).
The results obtained from the analysis of intra-day precision were 9.75 ± 0.21 mg/L (RSD% = 2.2) for the six repeated injections of the sample. The results of intra-day precision on two consecutive days were 10.04 ± 0.24 mg/L (RSD% = 2.4) and 9.31 ± 0.19 mg/L (RSD% = 2.0), respectively, which are shown in [Table 1]. The RSD% of the inter-precision on three consecutive days valued 3.8. According to the average CGA concentration of sample solution, the content of CGA in L. drymoglossoides can approximately reach 0.24% (w/w). The results of intermediate precision using different analysts, different instruments, and on different days indicated that these parameters did not have any significant effect on the variation of results. The reproducibility of the methods, an important step in precision validation, which focused more on the bias in results, rather than on determining the differences, would be further investigated.{Table 1}
The analysis of accuracy is shown in [Table 2]. Six parallel sample solutions of L. drymoglossoides were prepared and each CGA content was determined according to the regression equation, the theoretical quantity of CGA in the extracted matrix (9.88 mg/L) was equivalent to the average of CGA contents in the six samples (RSD% = 2.27). The three different amounts of standard CGA added to the samples were 80%, 100%, and 120% of the quantity of CGA in the extracted matrix, with the determined RSD% of 1.17, 3.24, and 3.07, respectively.{Table 2}
The LOD and LOQ values of the developed method were 0.049 and 0.132 mg/L, respectively. No significant change in the resolution of CGA was caused during the variation in the composition of acetonitrile and 0.5% aqueous phosphoric acid within the range from 12:88 to 11:89, the change of detecting wavelength from 326 nm to 328 nm by 1 nm, and the alteration of the flow rate (0.9, 1.0, and 1.1 mL/min). Therefore, the tests of robustness revealed that the method was insensitive to minor changes under the conditions evaluated.
For the first time, the natural compound of CGA was identified in the crude material of L. drymoglossoides by the simple analysis methods of UV, TLV, and HPLC. After the optimization of chromatographic conditions for the determination of CGA, the HPLC quantification method was found to be specific and suitable for CGA analysis in L. drymoglossoides because of its good specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The assay is surprisingly essential to guarantee the quality and effectiveness of this ethnical herb in China.
Acknowledments
The authors would like to thank the financial support of the Changsha High-tech Key Project (K0902033-31) and the Hunan Science and Technology Plan Project (2009FJ3209), China. We also would like to give gratitude to Dr. Jinping Li for identification of the plant species and to Dr. Shaogang Liu for the assistance with the HPLC assay.
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Bandai Ent. Adds Bakumatsu Era: Code Geass Manga (Update 2)
Manga re-imagining of Code Geass in historical Japan; Baltiport Q&A in progress
Robert Napton, marketing director of the North American anime and manga distributor Bandai Entertainment, has announced after Otakon on Sunday evening that his company licensed Goro Taniguchi and Tomomasa Takuma's Code Geass: Shikkoku no Renya (Code Geass: Jet-Black Renya or Code Geass: Renya of the Blackness) manga series.
Napton announced the license at "Baltiport 2010" — the tongue-in-cheek nickname for the gathering of Otakon industry attendees at the Baltimore Airport. The attendees have been delayed at the airport for about four hours.
Update: Napton corrected himself and said that Bandai Entertainment has Gun Zi (Ganjii)'s A Record of the Strange Tales of the Bakumatsu Era: Code Geass (Bakumatsu Ibun-roku Code Geass - Hangyaku no Lelouch) , not Code Geass: Shikkoku no Renya . This alternate telling re-imagines the characters of the Code Geass anime as historical players during Japan's Bakumatsu era. The manga ran in Kadokawa Shoten's Kerokero Ace magazine in 2008, and one compiled book volume was published.
Update 2: As part of Baltiport 2010, Napton and Funimation Marketing Director Lance Heiskell are entertaining questions from ANN readers in this article's forum thread. (They have Internet access via an onboard Wi-Fi connection on their flight to Texas.)
cloudflare ray# 4f7f0ade844656b5-IAD


The North Yorkshire Moors Railway held it's Spring Steam Gala over 7 days of two weekends, and Focus Transport contributor Paul Beardsley has sent us a fine set of images. Visiting A4 Pacific 4464 Bittern is seen on the first day of the Gala, Friday, 25th. April, approaching Levisham with a Grosmont to Pickering express.
L.H. & J.C. No 29 is seen at Moorgates in charge of a Grosmont to Pickering local.
Recently acquired Black 5 44806 is seen at Moorgates with a short freight.
The weather on Saturday, 3rd. May, was quite a contrast to that of the first Friday. 4464 Bittern is seen at Moorgates with 6 LNER teak carriages in tow.
Bittern at Grosmont with the teaks before swopping them for three carmine and cream Mark Is to form a Pickering service.
4464 Bittern has just passed New Bridge with a three coach Grosmont to Pickering local.
And finally something quite different.
Shot 1 20189 nearest camera, shot 2 20142 nearest camera.
Very finally. A 'local' in the shape of a Crosville Motor Services open-top Bristol LD as it passes through an arch of the Conwy town walls. As to what 'Old Bill' is doing, heaven only knows! Could be he is replicating the wall above.