text:
Home » Columbus, GA Gas Explosion, Apr 1980
OFFICIALS PROBE GAS EXPLOSION.
Columbus, Ga. (AP) - Utility regulating officials will be in Columbus today to investigate a natural gas explosion that ripped through a downtown office building Friday, injuring 16 people, authorities said.
The explosion destroyed several offices in Rankin Square, a restored 19th century market housing shops, restaurants and office buildings. Fire officials said the blast was so intense it shattered 60 windows and blew out the fire that accompanied it.
A construction backhoe working in the street apparently pulled a gas line away from the building, allowing gas to flush through the offices of Robinson-Humphrey Co., Inc., a stock brokerage firm and the offices of a local law firm, said Jack Bell, president of Gas Light Co. of Columbus.
He said utility workers cut the main gas line outside the building to stop the flow minutes after the blast.
Harry Swift, manager of the Robinson-Humphrey office, said he smelled gas coming through an air conditioning vent and walked into the hallway before the explosion occurred.
"It sounded like a sonic boom," Swift said, adding the most severely injured were in the lobby of the office.
Two of the 16 persons treated for cuts and burns at the Columbus Medical Center were admitted in the intensive care unit, hospital spokesman Tom Titus said.
BARBARA TRAWICK, age unknown, was listed in critical condition late Friday and HAZEL CALVERT, 43, was listed in unsatisfactory condition, Titus said.
Former Columbus Councilman and civic leader JOHN D. HILGES, III; attorney JEROME ROTHSCHILD; stockbroker WILLIAM J. RUCKER; and heavy equipment operator HORACE ANDERSON were also admitted to the medical center but were reported in satisfactory condition, Titus said.
RALPH PUCKETT, a 53-year-old Atlanta resident who was in the area at the time of the explosion, was treated at the medical center and transferred to another local hospital in satisfactory condition.
It was not known how many persons were inside the building when the blast occurred, but witnesses said the injured were helped out of the building by the uninjured after the explosion. Several construction workers outside the building were also hurt, authorities said.
Fire officials said no one was inside the building when they arrived.
A Georgia Public Service Commission investigator and an official of the U.S. Department of Transportation's office of pipeline safety were expected in Columbus today to investigate the blast, Gas Light Vice President Howard Noblett said.
"We don't know whether the air conditioning or a pilot light somewhere in the building ignited the gas," said District Fire Chief Frank Fussell. "I wouldn't start to guess the amount of damage in the two offices, but it was tremendous."
Atlanta Journal Georgia 1980-04-12
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Bronx, NY Laundry Explosion, Jun 1980


text:
package scan

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"github.com/go-openapi/spec"
)

type validationBuilder interface {
	SetMaximum(float64, bool)
	SetMinimum(float64, bool)
	SetMultipleOf(float64)

	SetMinItems(int64)
	SetMaxItems(int64)

	SetMinLength(int64)
	SetMaxLength(int64)
	SetPattern(string)

	SetUnique(bool)
	SetEnum(string)
	SetDefault(interface{})
	SetExample(interface{})
}

type valueParser interface {
	Parse([]string) error
	Matches(string) bool
}

type setMaximum struct {
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (sm *setMaximum) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := sm.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 2 && len(matches[2]) > 0 {
		max, err := strconv.ParseFloat(matches[2], 64)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		sm.builder.SetMaximum(max, matches[1] == "<")
	}
	return nil
}

func (sm *setMaximum) Matches(line string) bool {
	return sm.rx.MatchString(line)
}

type setMinimum struct {
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (sm *setMinimum) Matches(line string) bool {
	return sm.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (sm *setMinimum) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := sm.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 2 && len(matches[2]) > 0 {
		min, err := strconv.ParseFloat(matches[2], 64)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		sm.builder.SetMinimum(min, matches[1] == ">")
	}
	return nil
}

type setMultipleOf struct {
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (sm *setMultipleOf) Matches(line string) bool {
	return sm.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (sm *setMultipleOf) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := sm.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 2 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		multipleOf, err := strconv.ParseFloat(matches[1], 64)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		sm.builder.SetMultipleOf(multipleOf)
	}
	return nil
}

type setMaxItems struct {
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (sm *setMaxItems) Matches(line string) bool {
	return sm.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (sm *setMaxItems) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := sm.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		maxItems, err := strconv.ParseInt(matches[1], 10, 64)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		sm.builder.SetMaxItems(maxItems)
	}
	return nil
}

type setMinItems struct {
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (sm *setMinItems) Matches(line string) bool {
	return sm.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (sm *setMinItems) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := sm.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		minItems, err := strconv.ParseInt(matches[1], 10, 64)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		sm.builder.SetMinItems(minItems)
	}
	return nil
}

type setMaxLength struct {
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (sm *setMaxLength) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := sm.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		maxLength, err := strconv.ParseInt(matches[1], 10, 64)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		sm.builder.SetMaxLength(maxLength)
	}
	return nil
}

func (sm *setMaxLength) Matches(line string) bool {
	return sm.rx.MatchString(line)
}

type setMinLength struct {
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (sm *setMinLength) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := sm.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		minLength, err := strconv.ParseInt(matches[1], 10, 64)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		sm.builder.SetMinLength(minLength)
	}
	return nil
}

func (sm *setMinLength) Matches(line string) bool {
	return sm.rx.MatchString(line)
}

type setPattern struct {
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (sm *setPattern) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := sm.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		sm.builder.SetPattern(matches[1])
	}
	return nil
}

func (sm *setPattern) Matches(line string) bool {
	return sm.rx.MatchString(line)
}

type setCollectionFormat struct {
	builder operationValidationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (sm *setCollectionFormat) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := sm.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		sm.builder.SetCollectionFormat(matches[1])
	}
	return nil
}

func (sm *setCollectionFormat) Matches(line string) bool {
	return sm.rx.MatchString(line)
}

type setUnique struct {
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (su *setUnique) Matches(line string) bool {
	return su.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (su *setUnique) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := su.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		req, err := strconv.ParseBool(matches[1])
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		su.builder.SetUnique(req)
	}
	return nil
}

type setEnum struct {
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (se *setEnum) Matches(line string) bool {
	return se.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (se *setEnum) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := se.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		se.builder.SetEnum(matches[1])
	}
	return nil
}

func parseValueFromSchema(s string, schema *spec.SimpleSchema) (interface{}, error) {
	if schema != nil {
		switch strings.Trim(schema.TypeName(), "\"") {
		case "integer", "int", "int64", "int32", "int16":
			return strconv.Atoi(s)
		case "bool", "boolean":
			return strconv.ParseBool(s)
		case "number", "float64", "float32":
			return strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64)
		case "object":
			var obj map[string]interface{}
			if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &obj); err != nil {
				// If we can't parse it, just return the string.
				return s, nil
			}
			return obj, nil
		case "array":
			var slice []interface{}
			if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &slice); err != nil {
				// If we can't parse it, just return the string.
				return s, nil
			}
			return slice, nil
		default:
			return s, nil
		}
	} else {
		return s, nil
	}
}

type setDefault struct {
	scheme  *spec.SimpleSchema
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (sd *setDefault) Matches(line string) bool {
	return sd.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (sd *setDefault) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := sd.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		d, err := parseValueFromSchema(matches[1], sd.scheme)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		sd.builder.SetDefault(d)
	}
	return nil
}

type setExample struct {
	scheme  *spec.SimpleSchema
	builder validationBuilder
	rx      *regexp.Regexp
}

func (se *setExample) Matches(line string) bool {
	return se.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (se *setExample) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := se.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		d, err := parseValueFromSchema(matches[1], se.scheme)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		se.builder.SetExample(d)
	}
	return nil
}

type matchOnlyParam struct {
	tgt *spec.Parameter
	rx  *regexp.Regexp
}

func (mo *matchOnlyParam) Matches(line string) bool {
	return mo.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (mo *matchOnlyParam) Parse(lines []string) error {
	return nil
}

type setRequiredParam struct {
	tgt *spec.Parameter
}

func (su *setRequiredParam) Matches(line string) bool {
	return rxRequired.MatchString(line)
}

func (su *setRequiredParam) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := rxRequired.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		req, err := strconv.ParseBool(matches[1])
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		su.tgt.Required = req
	}
	return nil
}

type setReadOnlySchema struct {
	tgt *spec.Schema
}

func (su *setReadOnlySchema) Matches(line string) bool {
	return rxReadOnly.MatchString(line)
}

func (su *setReadOnlySchema) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := rxReadOnly.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		req, err := strconv.ParseBool(matches[1])
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		su.tgt.ReadOnly = req
	}
	return nil
}

type setDiscriminator struct {
	schema *spec.Schema
	field  string
}

func (su *setDiscriminator) Matches(line string) bool {
	return rxDiscriminator.MatchString(line)
}

func (su *setDiscriminator) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := rxDiscriminator.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		req, err := strconv.ParseBool(matches[1])
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if req {
			su.schema.Discriminator = su.field
		} else {
			if su.schema.Discriminator == su.field {
				su.schema.Discriminator = ""
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

type setRequiredSchema struct {
	schema *spec.Schema
	field  string
}

func (su *setRequiredSchema) Matches(line string) bool {
	return rxRequired.MatchString(line)
}

func (su *setRequiredSchema) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := rxRequired.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		req, err := strconv.ParseBool(matches[1])
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		midx := -1
		for i, nm := range su.schema.Required {
			if nm == su.field {
				midx = i
				break
			}
		}
		if req {
			if midx < 0 {
				su.schema.Required = append(su.schema.Required, su.field)
			}
		} else if midx >= 0 {
			su.schema.Required = append(su.schema.Required[:midx], su.schema.Required[midx+1:]...)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func newMultilineDropEmptyParser(rx *regexp.Regexp, set func([]string)) *multiLineDropEmptyParser {
	return &multiLineDropEmptyParser{
		rx:  rx,
		set: set,
	}
}

type multiLineDropEmptyParser struct {
	set func([]string)
	rx  *regexp.Regexp
}

func (m *multiLineDropEmptyParser) Matches(line string) bool {
	return m.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (m *multiLineDropEmptyParser) Parse(lines []string) error {
	m.set(removeEmptyLines(lines))
	return nil
}

func newSetSchemes(set func([]string)) *setSchemes {
	return &setSchemes{
		set: set,
		rx:  rxSchemes,
	}
}

type setSchemes struct {
	set func([]string)
	rx  *regexp.Regexp
}

func (ss *setSchemes) Matches(line string) bool {
	return ss.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (ss *setSchemes) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}
	matches := ss.rx.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0])
	if len(matches) > 1 && len(matches[1]) > 0 {
		sch := strings.Split(matches[1], ", ")

		var schemes []string
		for _, s := range sch {
			ts := strings.TrimSpace(s)
			if ts != "" {
				schemes = append(schemes, ts)
			}
		}
		ss.set(schemes)
	}
	return nil
}

func newSetSecurity(rx *regexp.Regexp, setter func([]map[string][]string)) *setSecurity {
	return &setSecurity{
		set: setter,
		rx:  rx,
	}
}

type setSecurity struct {
	set func([]map[string][]string)
	rx  *regexp.Regexp
}

func (ss *setSecurity) Matches(line string) bool {
	return ss.rx.MatchString(line)
}

func (ss *setSecurity) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}

	var result []map[string][]string
	for _, line := range lines {
		kv := strings.SplitN(line, ":", 2)
		scopes := []string{}
		var key string

		if len(kv) > 1 {
			scs := strings.Split(kv[1], ",")
			for _, scope := range scs {
				tr := strings.TrimSpace(scope)
				if tr != "" {
					tr = strings.SplitAfter(tr, " ")[0]
					scopes = append(scopes, strings.TrimSpace(tr))
				}
			}

			key = strings.TrimSpace(kv[0])

			result = append(result, map[string][]string{key: scopes})
		}
	}
	ss.set(result)
	return nil
}

func newSetResponses(definitions map[string]spec.Schema, responses map[string]spec.Response, setter func(*spec.Response, map[int]spec.Response)) *setOpResponses {
	return &setOpResponses{
		set:         setter,
		rx:          rxResponses,
		definitions: definitions,
		responses:   responses,
	}
}

type setOpResponses struct {
	set         func(*spec.Response, map[int]spec.Response)
	rx          *regexp.Regexp
	definitions map[string]spec.Schema
	responses   map[string]spec.Response
}

func (ss *setOpResponses) Matches(line string) bool {
	return ss.rx.MatchString(line)
}

//ResponseTag used when specifying a response to point to a defined swagger:response
const ResponseTag = "response"

//BodyTag used when specifying a response to point to a model/schema
const BodyTag = "body"

//DescriptionTag used when specifying a response that gives a description of the response
const DescriptionTag = "description"

func parseTags(line string) (modelOrResponse string, arrays int, isDefinitionRef bool, description string, err error) {
	tags := strings.Split(line, " ")
	parsedModelOrResponse := false

	for i, tagAndValue := range tags {
		tagValList := strings.SplitN(tagAndValue, ":", 2)
		var tag, value string
		if len(tagValList) > 1 {
			tag = tagValList[0]
			value = tagValList[1]
		} else {
			//TODO: Print a warning, and in the long term, do not support not tagged values
			//Add a default tag if none is supplied
			if i == 0 {
				tag = ResponseTag
			} else {
				tag = DescriptionTag
			}
			value = tagValList[0]
		}

		foundModelOrResponse := false
		if !parsedModelOrResponse {
			if tag == BodyTag {
				foundModelOrResponse = true
				isDefinitionRef = true
			}
			if tag == ResponseTag {
				foundModelOrResponse = true
				isDefinitionRef = false
			}
		}
		if foundModelOrResponse {
			//Read the model or response tag
			parsedModelOrResponse = true
			//Check for nested arrays
			arrays = 0
			for strings.HasPrefix(value, "[]") {
				arrays++
				value = value[2:]
			}
			//What's left over is the model name
			modelOrResponse = value
		} else {
			foundDescription := false
			if tag == DescriptionTag {
				foundDescription = true
			}
			if foundDescription {
				//Descriptions are special, they make they read the rest of the line
				descriptionWords := []string{value}
				if i < len(tags)-1 {
					descriptionWords = append(descriptionWords, tags[i+1:]...)
				}
				description = strings.Join(descriptionWords, " ")
				break
			} else {
				if tag == ResponseTag || tag == BodyTag || tag == DescriptionTag {
					err = fmt.Errorf("Found valid tag %s, but not in a valid position", tag)
				} else {
					err = fmt.Errorf("Found invalid tag: %s", tag)
				}
				//return error
				return
			}
		}
	}

	//TODO: Maybe do, if !parsedModelOrResponse {return some error}
	return
}

func (ss *setOpResponses) Parse(lines []string) error {
	if len(lines) == 0 || (len(lines) == 1 && len(lines[0]) == 0) {
		return nil
	}

	var def *spec.Response
	var scr map[int]spec.Response

	for _, line := range lines {
		kv := strings.SplitN(line, ":", 2)
		var key, value string

		if len(kv) > 1 {
			key = strings.TrimSpace(kv[0])
			if key == "" {
				// this must be some weird empty line
				continue
			}
			value = strings.TrimSpace(kv[1])
			if value == "" {
				var resp spec.Response
				if strings.EqualFold("default", key) {
					if def == nil {
						def = &resp
					}
				} else {
					if sc, err := strconv.Atoi(key); err == nil {
						if scr == nil {
							scr = make(map[int]spec.Response)
						}
						scr[sc] = resp
					}
				}
				continue
			}
			refTarget, arrays, isDefinitionRef, description, err := parseTags(value)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			//A possible exception for having a definition
			if _, ok := ss.responses[refTarget]; !ok {
				if _, ok := ss.definitions[refTarget]; ok {
					isDefinitionRef = true
				}
			}

			var ref spec.Ref
			if isDefinitionRef {
				if description == "" {
					description = refTarget
				}
				ref, err = spec.NewRef("#/definitions/" + refTarget)
			} else {
				ref, err = spec.NewRef("#/responses/" + refTarget)
			}
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			// description should used on anyway.
			resp := spec.Response{ResponseProps: spec.ResponseProps{Description: description}}

			if isDefinitionRef {
				resp.Schema = new(spec.Schema)
				resp.Description = description
				if arrays == 0 {
					resp.Schema.Ref = ref
				} else {
					cs := resp.Schema
					for i := 0; i < arrays; i++ {
						cs.Typed("array", "")
						cs.Items = new(spec.SchemaOrArray)
						cs.Items.Schema = new(spec.Schema)
						cs = cs.Items.Schema
					}
					cs.Ref = ref
				}
				// ref. could be empty while use description tag
			} else if len(refTarget) > 0 {
				resp.Ref = ref
			}

			if strings.EqualFold("default", key) {
				if def == nil {
					def = &resp
				}
			} else {
				if sc, err := strconv.Atoi(key); err == nil {
					if scr == nil {
						scr = make(map[int]spec.Response)
					}
					scr[sc] = resp
				}
			}
		}
	}
	ss.set(def, scr)
	return nil
}

func parseEnum(val string, s *spec.SimpleSchema) []interface{} {
	list := strings.Split(val, ",")
	interfaceSlice := make([]interface{}, len(list))
	for i, d := range list {
		v, err := parseValueFromSchema(d, s)
		if err != nil {
			interfaceSlice[i] = d
			continue
		}

		interfaceSlice[i] = v
	}
	return interfaceSlice
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Smart Leather Pump (IMPAD27507) by Imac @ Pavers Shoes - Your Perfect Style.
Make an entrance in these gorgeous metallic pumps with a high wedge. A soft leather upper feels luxe, while the peep-toe and bow detail adds a feminine touch. The cushioned insole and stretchy rim ensure your comfort.


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I have tomatoes "coming out of my ears" this year and I think it's the sun that did it. The only downside is that some of the 'Ailsa Craig' have a tendency to split due to the change in temperature and rain.
What a harvest, some of those nice small tasty varieties there.
The split ones are the first to get eaten. Just slice 'em & toss them into the salad. Nobody will ever know.
Mine split too. Lots of chukney then what a crop.


text:
Access the Board Portal
NETWORK & GRANTS
1-865-394-9701
625 Market Street, Suite 1300
The Women's Fund of East Tennessee is a non-profit 501 (c)(3) public charity.
A proud supporting organization of East Tennessee Foundation
Welcome, Katie!
The Women's Fund of East Tennessee welcomes Katie Starnes, who joined the WF team this fall as Communications Intern. An MS student at The University of Tennessee, Katie is pursuing an MS degree in Advertising. Katie has a BA in Communication received in 2014 from the University of Tennessee and currently works for CVS/Caremark corporation as a Customer Care Supervisor. Since her arrival in September, Katie has been assisting with updating the Women's Fund website, coordinating social media efforts, and marketing the community outreach.
Katie learned about the Women's Fund internship opportunity through the University of Tennessee and is serving as a wonderful asset to the WF team. Katie values the Women's Fund vision and appreciates the positive effect the organization has on women and girls in East Tennessee.
Katie is a native of the Bristol, TN and has lived in Knoxville, Tennessee with her husband since she began her education at at UT nearly six years ago. She enjoys traveling and exploring the sights of Knoxville.
Please feel free to reach out to Katie at kricha22@vols.utk.edu.
Recommended Reading: A Time for Courage
2015 Grantee Highlights: Women's Search for Success and Self-Sufficiency
HSN Chooses the Women's Fund

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Handbags of the '80s
By: Laura Leddy Turner
Clothes Worn in the Seventies
What Are Wristlets?
What Is Steampunk Style Clothing for a Woman?
Parka vs Bomber Jacket
What Do Women Pirates Wear?
Sky View/Photodisc/Getty Images
Young women of the 1980s saw handbags and other fashion accessories as an extension of their identities. Members of the "Me Generation" chose bags that reflected their success, taste and lifestyle. The social excesses of the '80s influenced the style of handbags, but conservative and classic models also managed to hold onto their fan bases. Additionally, women swept up in the decade's physical fitness craze sported a uniform that included scrunchy socks, colorful leotards, aerobic shoes and a chic, updated version the old-school gym bag.
American women of the 1980s were strongly influenced by top designer names and labels. Women snapped up the latest handbags offered by designers such as Coach, Gucci, Dooney & Bourke, Louis Vuitton and Fendi. They were willing to pay the high prices that went hand in hand with these bags' distinctive stylings for the added bonus of their equally distinctive logos. Coach's small, leather baggage-type tag, Dooney & Bourke's raised figure of a duck on an oval, Fendi's reverse-mirrored letter F, Louis Vuitton's "LV," and Gucci's green and red cloth stripe were easy to spot on a handbag and widely regarded as status symbols.
Chained and Clutched
Bright colors, metallic finishes and heavy doses of hardware were hallmarks of 1980s handbag style. Chain-handle purses, first introduced by Coco Chanel in the 1950s, saw a resurgence in popularity and were produced in the '80s by Chanel and Karl Lagerfeld, among others. Clutches, big and small, were a popular handbag choice for dress-up occasions. Basic black alligator, or metal-embellished, clutches were carried by the elegant, bigger-then-life power ladies of television shows like "Dallas" and "Dynasty," and were tucked under the arms of young New Wave concertgoers.
Backpacking in Style
While some elements of fashion grew larger in the 1980s -- hairstyles and shoulder pads, most memorably -- the backpack shrank in size and became a handbag alternative. It all began with Prada's introduction of the Vela nylon backpack, a small, sleek lightweight version of standard hiking equipment. Other designers, such as Louis Vuitton, Coach and Dooney & Bourke soon came out with their own streamlined leather versions, each still proudly announcing its logo but remaining minimal in hardware and embellishments. Chanel, however, offered an elegant, quilted, chocolate, leather backpack with gold-toned chain-link and leather straps that easily could have accompanied the wearer to a dressy affair.
Bermudas and Bradleys
On the conservative side of the 1980s stood the delightfully changeable Bermuda bag and the soft and colorful Vera Bradley bag. The Bermuda bag first became popular in the 1970s among girls and young women. Its charm lay in the fact that its egg-shaped body was reversible. The body also could be completely changed out simply by purchasing a new one and attaching it to the standard-size wood frame handle. Vera Bradley's soft, quilted fabric bags entered the handbag scene in 1982. The casual bags came in a variety of sizes and styles, from small purses to large duffles. Their distinctive patterns -- primarily florals and paisleys -- came in a range of bright, cheerful colors.
Fashion Hits the Gym
Actress and singer Olivia Newton-John told women of the 1980s to "Get Physical," and they did, in record numbers. As aerobics fever lured women to the gym, fashion brands such as Nike, Le Coque Sportif and Adidas lured them into dressing up to sweat it off. These sportswear companies also provided women with fashionable bags to tote their leg warmers and Spandex tights around. The brightly colored nylon or vinyl, double-handled duffel bags, which typically displayed the maker's name in large letters, were a must-have accessory for the 1980s aerobics queen. And size mattered. The bigger the gym bag, it was assumed, the more serious a woman was about having rock-hard abs.
Elle.com: Love, Loss and What I Wore; Kristen Wiig
Collectors Weekly: Vera Bradley Bags
Decades Inc.: Backpack Stories
Gleni: Handbag Fashion and Style Reflect the Mood of the Age
The Smart Set: Lo' and Behold; Paula Marantz Cohen
Forbes.com: Ten Imporgtant Things You Need to Know Before Buying Vintage Hermes, Chanel and Rolex
Laura Leddy Turner began her writing career in 1976. She has worked in the newspaper industry as an illustrator, columnist, staff writer and copy editor, including with Gannett and the Asbury Park Press. Turner holds a B.A. in literature and English from Ramapo College of New Jersey, with postgraduate coursework in business law.


Contains fixes for all reported bugs up to end of September 2016.
* Fixed a rounding error (<2%) that occurred when converting to m Water and m Water gauge.
* Improved the chart visibility of slug region in two-phase flow pattern maps, previously part of the area was overwritten by elongated bubble regime.
* Fixed a bug in outlet velocity calculation when phase change occurs within a pipe.
* Fixed a bug that caused phase change within a pipe when Heat Loss Model = "Ignore Heat Loss/Gain", without taking into account heat of vaporization.
* Fixed a bug that caused flow reversal at known flow nodes out of a network at very high specified flows i.e. many times greater than sonic flow.
* Fortis Only – Overcome the instability caused by the discontinuities in the Universal Gas Sizing Equation for control valves.
* Fixed a bug which shows gauge pressure results incorrectly if atmospheric pressure is changed.


Alabama Arabica is a comfortable weatherproof king-sized hammock. It is quilted and comes with a detachable pillow for roomy relaxation in North American style. It is made of UV-resistant, fast-drying HamacTex®, which almost feels like cotton. The spreader bars are made of wood from responsibly managed forests (FSC®).


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Q: Printing on the same line with time.sleep() I'm trying to print two strings on the same line using a timer in between. Here's the code:
import time

print "hello",
time.sleep(2)
print "world"

But it seems the program waits for two seconds then prints both strings.

A: The issue is that , by default, the console output is buffered.
Since Python 3.3 print() supports the keyword argument flush (see documentation):
print('hello', flush=True)

If you use an prior versionf of python, you can force a flush like this:
import sys
sys.stdout.flush()

A: in python 2.7 you could use the print_function from the future package
from __future__ import print_function
from time import sleep

print("hello, ", end="")
sleep(2)
print("world!")

But like you said, this waits 2 seconds then prints both strings. In light of Gui Rava's answer you can flush stdout, here is a sample which should get you in the right direction:
import time
import sys

def _print(string):
    sys.stdout.write(string)
    sys.stdout.flush()

_print('hello ')
time.sleep(2)
_print('world')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
There are New Publications
There are Forthcoming Titles
There are Updates and Supplements
North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Criminal Cases, 2022 Edition: Complete set
North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Criminal Cases (complete set, 3 volumes) are sample jury instructions organized by criminal law topic. Trial judges use them for particular cases based on the relevant law and facts and share them with juries as guidance for reaching a decision in their cases. The instructions are created and compiled by The Pattern Jury Instruction Committee, made...
North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Motor Vehicle Negligence Cases, 2022 Edition
North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Motor Vehicle Negligence Cases are sample jury instructions organized by law topic. Trial judges use them for particular cases based on the relevant law and facts and share them with juries as guidance for reaching a decision in their cases. The instructions are created and compiled by The Pattern Jury Instruction Committee, made up of superior...
North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Civil Cases, 2022 Edition: Complete set
North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Civil Cases (complete set, 3 volumes) are sample jury instructions organized by law topic. Trial judges use them for particular cases based on the relevant law and facts and share them with juries as guidance for reaching a decision in their cases. The instructions are created and compiled by The Pattern Jury Instruction Committee, made up of...
Human Trafficking: Mandated Reporting and Agency Response
The purpose of this primer is to explain North Carolina reporting laws as they apply to human trafficking so that any person can understand when they are required to make a report, how to make a report, and where the report must be made. A brief explanation of how an agency receiving a report handles the report is provided. This primer is not meant to be a tool for how to screen for human...
The Law and Practice of No-Knock Search Warrants in North Carolina
A no-knock search warrant is a warrant that allows an officer to force his or her way into a premises without first knocking on the door and announcing his or her presence and purpose. These warrants are controversial. Since Breonna Taylor was killed during the execution of a no-knock warrant, they have been the subject of a national debate. They have been addressed in the media and in law...
2023 Property Tax Calendar
This calendar lists deadlines for the 2023–24 tax year established by the Machinery Act. Duties for which no specific deadline is prescribed by law are not included.
G.S. 105-395.1 provides that when the last day for doing an act required or permitted by the Machinery Act falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or public holiday, the act is considered to be done within the prescribed time limit if...
Local Elected Officials' Leadership Derailment
What Is This Study About, and Why Does It Matter?
Although many studies examine effective leadership in the public sector, including in local government, little is known about behaviors that derail public leaders. Yet understanding this topic is important. When local elected officials are derailed they are not the only ones who pay a price. Trust in government, the legitimacy of the...
June 2022 Supplement to North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Civil Cases
This is an update to the 2021 edition of North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Civil Cases
June 2022 Supplement to North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Motor Vehicle Negligence Cases
This is an update to the 2021 edition of North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Motor Vehicle Negligence Cases.
June 2022 Supplement to North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Criminal Cases
This is an update to the 2021 edition of North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Criminal Cases
Conflicts of Interest for Public Officials on Nonprofit Boards: An Analysis for North Carolina G.S. 14-234.3
Section 14-234(a)(1) of the General Statutes prohibits ...
Impending Changes to Bonding Requirements for Finance Officers: Prepare Now for January 1, 2023 and Beyond
Since 2005, the Local Government Budget and Fiscal Control Act (LGBFCA) has required finance officers for units of local government and public authorities in North Carolina to provide to their respective entities a "faithful performance bond with sufficient sureties in an amount . . . not less than fifty thousand dollars." Due to the General Assembly's recent enactment of S.L. 2022-53, that...
Responding to First Amendment "Audits" in the Local Government Context
Imagine you are a local government employee, working in the lobby of a county agency. A man walks in holding a cell phone and begins filming the lobby area, including your interactions with people seeking services from the county. When you ask what he is doing, he says, "I'm exercising my First Amendment right to film inside a government building that's open to the public." What do you do? ...
Protections for Military Servicemembers in North Carolina Power of Sale Foreclosures
At a hearing on a power of sale foreclosure before the clerk of superior court, the clerk's authority is limited to six legal findings. Chapter 45, Section 21.16(d) of the North Carolina General Statutes (hereinafter G.S.). The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance to clerks related to one of these legal findings: military service of the respondent. There are both federal and...
North Carolina Trial Judges' Bench Book, District Court, Vol. 1 Family Law, 2021 (paperback)
The North Carolina Trial Judges' Bench Book, District Court, Vol. 1, Family Law, 2021 is a comprehensive legal reference created for North Carolina district judges published in two parts, Part A and Part B. This volume provides summaries of North Carolina law governing cases routinely heard in district court. Chapters cover topics including equitable distribution, child...
North Carolina Trial Judges' Bench Book, District Court, Vol. 1, Family Law, 2021 (digital edition)
The North Carolina Trial Judges' Bench Book, District Court, Vol. 1, Family Law, 2021 is a comprehensive legal reference created for North Carolina district judges. It provides summaries of North Carolina law governing cases routinely heard in district court. The School of Government offers Volume 1, Family Law and its individual chapters for sale in a print and PDF format. Chapters cover...
Juvenile Interrogation
The law that governs custodial interrogation of juveniles encompasses the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination as well as enhanced statutory protections contained in North Carolina's Juvenile Code. This bulletin describes these rights, including their meaning, scope, and application in North Carolina appellate caselaw.
Human Trafficking by Families
Legislation to address domestic sex and labor trafficking was implemented with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000. Collective learning about the nature and incidence of trafficking has grown as our various systems of care and intervention have begun to ask about, document, and address these offenses. Parallel to the learning that previously took place in the field of child...
2022 North Carolina Legislation Related to Planning and Development Regulation
After a very long "long session" that spilled over from 2021 into 2022, the North Carolina General Assembly convened in May 2022 for the "short session." While the main purpose of a short session is to adjust the state budget passed in the prior year, the legislature also takes up other matters in the session. This year, the short session included a variety of planning and development...
Units of Prosecution
It has long been held that the allowable unit of prosecution for an offense is within the discretion of the legislature. "[W]hen the legislature does not clearly express legislative intent, the court must determine the allowable unit of prosecution. In doing so, any ambiguity should be resolved in favor of lenity," meaning "doubt will be resolved against turning...
COVID-19 and North Carolina's Economic Development Organizations: Perspectives on Response, Recovery, and Shifting Priorities
The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented and global public health crisis with consequences that continue to reverberate across local economies. Early on, the temporary closing of "non-essential" businesses and government mandated stay-at-home orders caused a massive disruption in economic activity. The acute economic shock cause resulted in record levels of unemployment and...
Arrest Warrant and Indictment Forms, 2022 Edition
This publication provides arrest warrant and indictment forms for selected North Carolina criminal offenses. It includes charging language and sample charges for several hundred felonies and misdemeanors. Offenses are selected for inclusion based on how serious they are and the frequency with which they are charged, among other factors.
2022–23 Finance Calendar of Duties for City and County Officials
The annual School of Government publication, Finance Calendar of Duties for City and County Officials (2022–2023), identifies the timeline throughout the fiscal year for the principal accounting, financial reporting, and budgeting duties of city and county officials. This calendar is part of the Local Finance Bulletin series.
Arrest, Search, and Investigation in North Carolina, 6th Edition, 2021
A digital edition of this publication will be available later this fall.
This book covers the legal rules that govern an officer's authority to enforce laws and to investigate criminal offenses. It also covers the basic rules of evidence in criminal cases. Supplementary material is placed in footnotes at the bottom of the text, and relevant case summary sections are located at the end of...
County Salaries in North Carolina, 2022
County Salaries in North Carolina is a self-reported data repository of county salaries, sponsored by the School of Government. North Carolina counties volunteer to provide this information to benefit other public organizations and the general public. For questions about a particular county's salary data, please contact that county's human resources department.
This report is a...
Internal Sharing of Information Within a County Department of Social Services
In North Carolina, county social services directors are responsible for administering and providing a wide variety of economic and social services. For a variety of reasons, staff for these programs and services often want to share information internally with their colleagues. This might include referring eligible clients for benefits, investigating fraud, consulting across programs on...
Juvenile Justice Reinvestment Act: Implementation Guide, 2022 Edition
Before the Juvenile Justice Reinvestment Act (JJRA) was passed, the criminal and juvenile laws of North Carolina treated youth who engaged in criminal activity at ages 16 and 17 as adults.
It is this construct that changed on December 1, 2019, when the majority of the JJRA's provisions took effect. Under the new law, processing of nearly all offenses committed at ages 16 and 17 begins...
Using the Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds Model Addendum: Purpose, Usage, Questions and Answers
The Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds Model Addendum provides units of local government in North Carolina with required and recommended contract clauses to include in procurement contracts funded by Fiscal Recovery Funds received under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. Local governments should use the Model Addendum in consultation with legal counsel to create or...
Juvenile Justice Reinvestment Act: Juvenile Delinquency Process, 2022 Edition
The N.C. Juvenile Delinquency Process Flowchart is a visual resource that illustrates the many pathways that a juvenile delinquency case can follow in North Carolina. The Flowchart incorporates the new legal provisions under the Juvenile Justice Reinvestment Act (JJRA) that expand juvenile court jurisdiction to include most offenses committed by youth at ages 16 and 17 as well as new...
Final Report on City Services for Fiscal Year 2020-2021: Performance and Cost Data
This report presents fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, performance and cost data for thirteen North Carolina cities in the service areas of residential refuse collection, household recycling, yard waste/leaf collection, police services, emergency communications, asphalt maintenance and repair, fire services, building inspections, fleet maintenance, central human resources, water services,...
Abuse, Neglect, Dependency, and Termination of Parental Rights Proceedings in North Carolina, February 2022 (paperback)
This Manual is written for legal professionals involved in abuse, neglect, dependency, and related termination of parental rights proceedings in North Carolina. It provides easily accessible information about the laws, procedures, and concepts that apply to these proceedings. Topics are organized into fourteen chapters, addressing the different...
Stages of Abuse, Neglect, and Dependency Cases: From Report to Final Disposition, 2021 Edition
This primer illustrates the flow of child abuse, neglect, and dependency cases in North Carolina. A case starts with a mandated report of suspected abuse, neglect, or dependency and ends with the termination of the district court's jurisdiction over an abuse, neglect, or dependency proceeding.
There are many different stages and outcomes; some involve court action, and some do not....
North Carolina Clerk of Superior Court Manual Series
The North Carolina Clerk of Superior Court Manual Series, available at www.sog.unc.edu/clerksmanual, is a web-based collection of reference manuals for clerks of superior court and their assistants and deputies. While broad in scope, the manual series does not attempt to deal with all duties of the clerk. Instead, it primarily sets out the law related to judicial proceedings that...
The 2021 "long session" of the North Carolina General Assembly convened on January 13, 2021, addressing a wide range of topics, and November saw successful passage of an appropriations bill. The legislature marched on through late November, returned at the end of December, and has continued its work into 2022.
A variety of bills affecting planning and development regulation were enacted...
North Carolina Guidebook for Registers of Deeds, Eleventh Edition, 2021
The eleventh edition of the North Carolina Guidebook for Registers of Deeds is the updated essential resource for registers of deeds and those who depend on their services. In addition to updating the prior edition's comprehensive description and analysis of the law and practice for office operations, public records management, real estate instrument registration and indexing, and marriage...
Transfer of Juvenile Delinquency Cases to Superior Court
North Carolina law allows, and sometime requires, certain juvenile delinquency cases to be transferred to superior court for trial in the criminal system. Whether a juvenile case is subject to transfer and how a case subject to transfer is transferred depends on the age of the juvenile at the time of the offense and the offense that is charged. This bulletin describes the transfer process,...
Personnel Decisions for North Carolina's Consolidated Human Services Agencies
Since 2012, twenty-eight North Carolina counties have established new consolidated human services agencies (CHSAs). All but one include both public health and social services. When a board of county commissioners (BOCC) decides to establish a new CHSA, North Carolina law gives the BOCC the option of making a significant change to the legal framework governing...
This calendar lists deadlines for the 2022-23 tax year established by the Machinery Act.
The First Seven Days as a Parent Defender
This guide focuses on what parent attorneys in G.S. 7B juvenile abuse, neglect, and dependency proceedings should do in the first week after being appointed. Strategies are explored that will improve client representation and help attorneys better manage their workloads and stress; these strategies include the use of various templates—examples of which are included in the guide. This guide...
Buy American? Buy America? Build America? An Introduction to Domestic Procurement Preferences in Federal Financial Assistance for North Carolina's Counties and Municipalities
Land Use Law in North Carolina, Fourth Edition
2016 Supplement to the 2015 Punishment Chart for North Carolina Crimes and Motor Vehicle Offenses (Free PDF)
See below for a free PDF download of the 2016 Supplement.
2021 June Supplement to North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Civil Cases
This is an update to the 2020 edition of North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Civil Cases.
Emerging Issues in Confrontation Litigation: A Supplement to Crawford v. Washington: Confrontation One Year Later
Designed as a reference for North Carolina judges and litigants, this supplement discusses Davis v. Washington, the United States Supreme Courts first decision interpreting Crawford; describes a number of key issues that remain open even after Davis; and summarizes significant Crawford cases decided since publication of Crawford v. Washington: Confrontation One Year Later
This is an update to the 2019 edition of North Carolina Pattern Jury Instructions for Criminal Cases.
Update to Economic Development Law for North Carolina Local Government (Free PDF)
Update to Incorporation of a North Carolina Town, Third Edition (Free PDF)
Update to Local Government Revenue Sources in North Carolina (Free PDF)
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When and How Criminal Defense Attorneys Can Obtain Access to Confidential Child Welfare and Juvenile Abuse, Neglect, and Dependency Records
Consider these common scenarios. A criminal attorney learns that a county department of social services (DSS) or equivalent agency has been involved with that attorney's client and family. Or maybe the attorney believes that the DSS has investigated a report of suspected abuse, neglect, or dependency that involves a witness or alleged victim in the criminal case. How can the criminal attorney...
Ethical Dilemmas in Client Representation for DSS Attorneys
Attorneys who perform legal services on behalf of a county department of social services in North Carolina face a unique set of issues with respect to client representation. Does a DSS attorney represent DSS, the DSS director, DSS employees, the DSS board, or the county itself? What happens when those parties have conflicting interests? What are the implications of a DSS attorney's client also...
Computer-Related Crime in North Carolina
This bulletin explores acts prohibited by the North Carolina statutes on computer-related crime (Article 60 of Chapter 14 of the General Statutes). It provides an overview of how those statutes have been applied and some criminal scenarios that may fall within their purview. The crimes covered include:
Accessing computersAccessing government computersDamaging computers, computer programs,...
Multi-Disciplinary Teams
Many local actors, in both the public and private sectors, are continuously doing their best to protect and help older adults, while working within a fragmented elder protection system in North Carolina. Sustaining ongoing communication and coordination among themselves and with the relevant population is challenging for these local actors, including social services agencies, law enforcement...
2021-22 Finance Calendar of Duties for City and County Officials
Note: A re-issue of this bulletin, which provides an update to the requirement described in the February 2022 entry of the "Miscellaneous Duties" section of the calendar, can be found here.
The annual School of Government publication, Finance Calendar of Duties for City and County Officials (2021–2022), identifies the timeline throughout the fiscal year...
Change Management: Reactions, Tools, and Strategies
What Is Organizational Change?
Local governments in North Carolina went through extraordinary change due to the COVID-19 pandemic, altering the way they provide services to citizens and how (and where) their employees perform their duties. Municipalities had to renegotiate waste-collection contracts due to a sudden increase in household waste from stay-at-home workers. County child...


text:
Get the SDK
Buffer Protocol Support
Posted on February 11, 2014 February 26, 2019 by rdb
I'd like to talk for a moment about the new buffer protocol support in the latest development version of Panda3D. It's not a particularly exciting feature, but it can be an important one, especially if you use Panda3D together with other libraries like NumPy or if you need to do a lot of low-level operations on texture or geometry data from Python. However, most use cases will not require this functionality.
The Python buffer protocol is a way for Python applications to get a direct hook into C/C++ memory, arrays in particular. Panda3D classes that support it provide a pointer into the underlying memory to the Python interpreter along with a description of how the data is laid out in memory. This description is necessary for Python to know how to access and copy the information.
Starting with Python 2.6, you can use the built-in multiview type to access the memory underlying an object exposing the buffer interface. You can then manipulate the data by converting it to a list or array.array object, creating sub-views and operating on those, writing or reading parts of it to a file, or even just modifying the memory directly as if it were a regular Python list.
Right now, the only Panda3D classes that expose the buffer interface are GeomVertexArrayData and PointerToArray (the latter of which is used for most array storage purposes in Panda3D, including textures), but more classes can easily be added on request. Conversely, Panda allows taking an existing buffer object (such as from array.array or a NumPy array) as source data for a texture or a vertex data array.
When copying data to other libraries such as NumPy, this can help cut down on unnecessary copy operations. Presently, you would call a method like get_data() to create a C++ string, which is one copy operation already, which would then be wrapped into a Python string, which is another. Finally, you would pass this string to NumPy, which would perform at least one more copy operation to copy it into its own representation. But since NumPy also supports the buffer protocol, you can now copy the contents of a texture or of a vertex data array straight into a NumPy array without any unnecessary copy operations.
One other interesting use case for this feature is the fast and efficient manipulation of vertex data and texture data from Python. Instead of having to create a GeomVertexRewriter or a PNMImage to modify the respective data, you can now create a memoryview to iterate over the data directly, easily copy subsets around, or page them out to disk. In my own use case, which involved a lot of geometry generation and manipulation, this flexibility allowed me to dramatically decrease the time spent generating geometry and flattening it. Direct access to the memory also allowed me to quickly page chunks of geometry data out to disk and back into memory when necessary.
The buffer protocol provides a lot of the flexibility of low-level memory access without being exposed to all of the intricacies of C/C++ memory management. In particular, the data is reference counted, so you don't need to worry about deleting the data. You should in fact be able to keep multiviews around for non-immediate consumption, but keep in mind that you may still need to tell Panda3D when you've modified the data later (for instance with an additional explicit call to modify_ram_image()).
This feature will be available in the 1.9.0 release of the Panda3D SDK.
SDK 1.10.5 Release
Mid-2019 Development Update
About Panda3D
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Because of this human component, attempts
Because of this human component, attempts find more to formulate a universal definition of restoration or its various aspects continue to generate discussion
and elude consensus (Stanturf, 2005 and Hobbs et al., 2011). The process of setting restoration objectives, conditioned by the scale, social context, and level of restoration desired, translates vague goals into feasible, measurable targets and ultimately actions on the ground. Given the large areas in need of restorative treatments, landscape-level approaches that emphasize functional ecosystems may be more effective than traditional approaches focusing on historical composition and structure of small areas, such as forest stands (Lamb et al., 2012 and Oliver, 2014). A defining feature of functional restoration is its focus on sustainability of multi-scale ecosystem processes, including hydrologic cycles, ecosystem productivity, food web interactions, rather than particular compositions and structures.
The focus prevalent in many restoration programs has been (and often still is) on restoring stands to some previous, putatively "natural" state (Burton and Macdonald, 2011 and Stanturf et al., 2014). A functional perspective, as a primary objective of restoration, becomes more urgent and logical given unprecedented rates of change in global drivers of ecosystems, including climate change and changing land use. Given these changes, a focus on historic compositions and
structures becomes less achievable because the characteristics deemed GDC-0973 purchase desirable now may become unsustainable in the not too distant future. A focus on restoring function avoids this pitfall and is still directly related to achieving stakeholder goals of ecosystem sustainability, economic efficiency, and social wellbeing, as derived from functioning landscapes. HSP90 In most landscapes, broadening the scope of a restoration beyond the site or stand will require integration of the restoration activity with other land uses, beyond that usually included in restoration planning (Stanturf et al., 2012a and Stanturf et al., 2012b). Further, restoration will have to accommodate the diverse management objectives of multiple owners, and explicitly incorporate human livelihood needs (Lamb et al., 2012, Maginnis et al., 2012 and Sayer et al., 2013). Achieving the ultimate restoration goal may require meeting subordinate, incremental objectives through sound ecological principles, applied dynamically with flexibility to meet the scope and limitations of each unique project (Pastorok et al., 1997, Ehrenfeld, 2000 and Joyce et al., 2009). Where restoration will occur, how much will be restored, and what methods will be used to achieve it are choices that must be made (Clement and Junqueira, 2010, Wilson et al., 2011 and Pullar and Lamb, 2012).
The relative amounts of protein in the detected bands were quanti
The relative amounts of protein in the detected bands were quantified by Image J software. The anti-β-actin antibody was used as a control for total protein loading. Potential synergistic effects of http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MDV3100.html MI-S in combination with ACV was evaluated by plaque reduction assay, according to experimental design proposed by Chou (2006). Therefore, each drug alone or in combination was tested at an equipotency ratio, based on its corresponding IC50 value. The degree of interaction between MI-S and ACV was calculated
through combination index (CI) equation, based on the median-effect principle of the mass-action law, using Calcusyn software (version 2.1, Biosoft®). According to the CI theorem, CI values <1, =1, and >1 indicate synergism, additive effect, and antagonism, respectively. Assignment of 13C NMR spectrum (Fig. 1) was EGFR inhibitor based on the previously published spectrum by Mizuno and colleagues (1999). Anomeric signals (C1) at δ 105.1 and 101.9 ppm were assigned to β-glucopyranosyl and β-mannopyranosyl residues, respectively. The signals at δ 98.1 and 94.3 ppm were assigned to the
corresponding reducing end-groups. The characteristic resonances of C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 of β-(1 → 2)-linked components were observed at δ 78.2, 73.7, 71.8, 77.9, and 62.9 ppm, respectively. The signals of β-(1 → 3)-linked components were assigned as C2 (75.0), C3 (86.6), C4 (71.9), C5 (76.3), and C6 (62.9). This result suggested that MI is a glucomannan with a main chain of β-1,2-linked d-mannopyranosyl residues and β-d-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl residues as side chains. A symmetric single BCKDHA peak was
obtained by gel permeation chromatography of MI-S, suggesting that the polymer is homogeneous. Based on calibration curves with standard dextrans, the apparent Mw of MI-S was 86 kDa. In the MI-S spectrum, obtained by FTIR analyses, two new absorption bands appeared at 1253 and 810 cm−1 (data not shown). These bands are related to S O and C–S–O sulfate groups respectively, confirming that sulfation had actually occurred ( Silverstein et al., 2005). In addition, the content of sulfur determined by elemental analyses was 14.77% and 10.72% for MI-S and DEX-S, respectively. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity results were used to calculate the selectivity index of each sample (SI = CC50/IC50) (Table 1). The data show that MI presented no antiviral activity, whereas MI-S inhibited both HSV-1 and HSV-2 replication, indicating that chemical sulfation was required for the antiviral activity. Since the simultaneous treatment was more efficient than the p.i. treatment, a direct inactivation of viral particles or inhibition of virus replication at the initial phases of the viral replication cycle could be involved.
, 2012) Although in vivo siRNA delivery has continuously been im
, 2012). Although in vivo siRNA delivery has continuously been improved over the last years ( Rettig and Behlke, 2012), it still represents a major challenge. In particular, targeted delivery into certain cell types or organs has proven tricky. In the past, viral vectors have frequently and successfully been employed for the delivery of protein-encoding DNA sequences into living organisms. Consequently, they have also been adopted
for the delivery of shRNAs and amiRNAs ( Liu and Berkhout, 2011, Mowa et al., 2010 and Raoul et al., 2006). Depending selleck chemicals llc on the type of target cell, organ, or delivery route, they may still outperform nonviral delivery systems in certain instances. Adenoviral vectors have been used for a long time to deliver DNA sequences into living organisms ( Goncalves and de Vries, 2006). Since they display the same cell tropism as wt
adenoviruses (when belonging to the same adenoviral species), they deliver transgenic DNA into exactly those cells that represent the main targets of their wt counterparts. Thus, adenoviral vectors may constitute a particularly attractive tool for the delivery of anti-adenoviral shRNAs or amiRNAs. Consequently, in the present study, we generated a series of replication-deficient adenoviral amiRNA expression vectors for the silencing of selected Ad5 genes and investigated whether these
amiRNAs are capable of efficiently selleckchem inhibiting the replication of wt Ad5 upon transduction of a cell with the recombinant vector. The amiRNAs were designed to recognize those mRNAs that had been identified as candidate targets in our previous study (Kneidinger et al., 2012), i.e., mRNAs encoding the viral E1A protein, a key regulator of the infection cycle ( Pelka et al., 2008), the preterminal protein (pTP), Edoxaban and the viral DNA polymerase, both essential for viral DNA replication ( de Jong et al., 2003). Here, we present data demonstrating the efficient silencing of the wt Ad5 pTP gene upon transduction with amiRNA expression vectors. Moreover, we demonstrate an increase in the knockdown rate upon concatemerization of amiRNA-encoding sequences, and we show that amiRNA expression is strongly boosted in wt Ad5-infected cells, a prerequisite for the efficient targeting of high numbers of viral transcripts. Taken together, our data indicate that amiRNA-mediated knockdown of wt Ad5 gene expression significantly inhibits viral DNA replication and efficiently decreases the output of infectious virus progeny in vitro.
CRL-1573), were obtained from American Tissue Culture Collection
CRL-1573), were obtained from American Tissue Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA). TANK (TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator)-binding kinase (TBK)1 and adaptor molecule [TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) or myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)] were used as reported previously [16]. Fetal bovine serum and RPMI 1640 were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA), and phospho-specific
or total antibodies to c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, IRF-3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4), MKK3/6, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), TBK1, lamin A/C, and β-actin were purchased from Cell Signaling http://www.selleckchem.com/products/gw3965.html (Beverly, MA, USA). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. A stock solution (8 mg/mL) of PPD-SF was prepared with culture medium and diluted to 0–400 μg/mL: with media for in vitro, cellular assays, or suspended in 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose for in vivo experiments. Male imprinting
Reverse Transcriptase inhibitor control region (ICR) mice (6–8 weeks old, 17–21 g) were obtained from Daehan Biolink (Chungbuk, Korea) and maintained in plastic cages under standard conditions. Water and pelleted food (Samyang, Daejeon, Korea) were supplied ad libitum. Studies (approval ID: SKKUBBI 13-6-2) were performed in accordance with guidelines established by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea. RAW 264.7 and HEK293 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, glutamine, and antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin)
at 37°C under 5% CO2. For experiments, cells were detached with a cell scraper. Under our experimental cell density (2 × 106 cells/mL), the proportion of dead cells was < 1% according to Trypan blue dye exclusion tests. After preincubation for 18 hours, RAW264.7 cells (1 × 106 cells/mL) were pretreated with PPD-SF (0–400 μg/mL) or the standard compounds (l-NAME, Morin Hydrate SP600125, or BX795), and incubated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 hours. The inhibitory effects of PPD-SF or standard compounds on NO, TNF-α, or PGE2 production were determined by analyzing the NO, PGE2, or TNF-α levels quantified with Griess reagent, enzyme immunoassay, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, as described previously [17] and [18]. After preincubation for 18 hours, PPD-SF (0–400 μg/mL) was added to RAW264.7 cells (1 × 106 cells/mL) followed by incubation for 24 hours. The cytotoxic effects of PPD-SF were evaluated by MTT assay, as reported previously [19] and [20]. Phytochemical characteristics of PPD-SF with standard ginsenosides were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as reported previously [21] and [22].
The present study's goal was to determine the cumulative effect o
The present study's goal was to determine the cumulative effect of a golf course on stream function
as the stream flows. Given these criteria, the study design was not able to fully control for watershed size, the distance between up and downstream sampling points, and the local stream habitat where leaf bags were deployed and water was sampled. Stream habitats were more similar up and downstream of golf course facilities than among stream sampling areas. This uncontrolled variance likely contributed to some of the observed inconsistency between and within streams that was not directly linked to golf course facilities. A range of site specific and regional landscape anthropogenic activities (agriculture, recreational, industrial, and urban) affect sedimentation rates, macroinvertebrate density, microbial Metformin supplier colonization, and nutrient loads, which then influence the local decomposer communities and their organic matter processing capabilities (Hagen et al., 2006, McTammany et al., 2008 and Sponseller and Benfield, 2001). In lower
nutrient reference systems, non-microbial www.selleckchem.com/products/byl719.html decomposer activity can be negatively impacted by landscape features the destabilize soil/sediments and load nutrients (Allan et al., 1997, Hagen et al., 2006, McTammany et al., 2008 and Sponseller and Benfield, 2001). However, in nutrient-rich streams, organic matter decomposition is facilitated more strongly by microbial and physical mechanisms (Hagen et al., 2006 and Young et al., 1994). Under these conditions, in high nutrient anthropogenic impacted streams, golf courses can act as local refuge from urban and agricultural landscapes (Colding et al., 2009 and Tanner and Gange, 2005), which might also alter organic matter cycles. In the present study, fine mesh leaf bags were used, which only allowed leaf breakdown to occur through leaching and microbial activity and excluded animal decomposer activity. Across all streams, oxygen consumption rates were within the range expected for
leaf tissues that breakdown at slow to medium rates (Kuehn et al., 1999, Niyogi et al., 2003, Petersen and Cummins, 1974 and Webster Pregnenolone and Benfield, 1986). Leaf breakdown rates were high relative to other studies that adjusted rates for leaching (Hagen et al., 2006 and Petersen and Cummins, 1974), suggesting that leaching might have contributed to leaf mass losses in the present study. Golf course facilities significantly affected benthic stream function and the direction of their impact was linked to the percent anthropogenic land use in each stream. The magnitude of change among up and downstream sampling locations at GC5 significantly differed from that of GC2, GC3, and GC6. In addition, the direction of change differed between GC1 to GC5 and GC4 to GC6.
G R 1322/2006) The area is also characterized in great part (∼5
G.R. 1322/2006). The area is also characterized in great part (∼50%) by soils with a high runoff potential (C/D according to the USDA Hydrological Group definition), that in natural condition would have a high water table, but that are drained to keep the seasonal high water table at least 60 cm below the surface. Due to the geomorphic settings, with slopes almost equal to zero and lands below sea level, and due to the settings of the Veliparib research buy drainage system, this floodplain presents numerous
areas at flooding risk. The local authorities underline how, aside from the risk connected to the main rivers, the major concerns derive mainly from failures of the agricultural ditch network that often results unsufficient to drain rather frequent rainfall events that are not necessarily associated with extreme meteorological condition (Piani Territoriali di Coordinamento Provinciale, 2009). The study site was selleck products selected as representative of the land-use
changes that the Veneto floodplain faced during the last half-century (Fig. 3a and b), and of the above mentioned hydro-geomorphological conditions that characterize the Padova province (Fig. 3c–e). The area was deemed critical because here the local authorities often suspend the operations of the water pumps, with the consequent flooding of the territories (Salvan, 2013). The problems have been underlined also by local witnesses and authorities that described the more frequent flood events as being mainly caused by the failures of the minor drainage system, that is
not able to properly drain the incoming rainfall, rather than by the collapsing of the major river system. The study area was also selected because of the availability of different types of data coming from official sources: (1) Historical images of the years 1954, 1981 and 2006; (2) Historical rainfall datasets retrieved from a nearby station (Este) starting from the 1950s; (3) A lidar DTM at 1 m resolution, with a horizontal accuracy Etofibrate of about ±0.3 m, and a vertical accuracy of ±0.15 m (RMSE estimated using DGPS ground truth control points). For the purpose of this work, we divided the study area in sub-areas of 0.25 km2. This, to speed up the computation time and, at the same time, to provide spatially distributed measures. For the year 1954 and 1981, we based the analysis on the available historical images, and by manual interpretation of the images we identified the drainage network system. In order to avoid as much as possible misleading identifications, local authorities, such as the Adige-Euganeo Land Reclamation Consortium, and local farmers were interviewed, to validate the network maps. For the evaluation of the storage capacity, we estimated the network widths by interviewing local authorities and landowners. We generally found that this information is lacking, and we were able to collect only some indications on a range of average section widths for the whole area (∼0.
NSAIDs, both indomethacin and celecoxib, are effective in treatin
NSAIDs, both indomethacin and celecoxib, are effective in treating BS. The latter has demonstrated benefits on severity of GI tract involvement and decreasing in hyperfiltration. However, the safety profile of celecoxib may, in the future, allow for its use as first drug for the treatment of BS. In patients who develop proteinuria, enalapril was effective in reducing it. Thus, it is suggested to start the treatment with celecoxib and if necessary replacing it by ACEi. This study PLX3397 manufacturer has some limitations, such as the small number of patients and lack of a genetic assessment. Randomized, larger and controlled studies are needed to
confirm the present data. However, it is a rare disease, and the present study had one of the largest series in the literature. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. "
"The superiority of human milk (HM) feeding in preterm newborns (PNs) is well documented. HM has an important impact on brain growth and development, even when it buy ZD6474 does not promote great weight gain, supporting the concept that the optimal postnatal growth of PNs is not yet known.1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Regarding the supply of proteins, not only
the quantity but also the quality is important for proper growth. The amino acid composition of formulas and additives to human milk using bovine protein has reduced quality in relation to HM,6, 7, 8 and 9 which is considered the gold standard. The protein fraction of cow's milk has a predominance of casein, which has high content of the amino acid phenylalanine.10 Although it is an essential amino acid in children receiving cow's milk protein, plasma levels of this amino acid are high (close to those associated with metabolism defects).11, 12 and 13 The increased intake and plasma levels of phenylalanine results in the inhibition of the enzyme tyrosinase, and subsequent conversion, through hydroxylation, of phenylalanine into tyrosine, increasing tyrosine availability. This increase
can cause a deleterious effect on brain development, leading to consequences such as sleep disturbance, GNAT2 memory deficits, and attention and concentration deficits.14, 15, 16 and 17 While the optimal nutrition for PNs is unknown, neonatologists should be committed to what appears to be ideal, which does not result in changes in the short-term, and provides better long-term development. In this context, supplementing HM with an additive containing a protein homologous to that of HM appears to be a suitable alternative for protein supply, while maintaining safe plasma levels of phenylalanine.18, 19 and 20 Considering this hypothesis, this study aimed to comparatively analyze plasma levels of phenylalanine in PNs fed banked human milk (BHM) plus the commercial additive FM85 (Fortified Milk 85, Nestlé, São Paulo, Brazil) and PNs fed with BHM plus an additive derived from the HM itself, after removal of fat and lactose in evaporated or lyophilized forms.
30 The zinc dose used in this study is another important variable
30 The zinc dose used in this study is another important variable to consider, as it may have been insufficient to achieve the expected effect, as the recommended dose for treatment and prevention of DD and ARI is 10 to 20 mg/day.12 Larger amounts of zinc were not offered as the objective was to evaluate the supplementation
through the use of sprinkles with 5 mg/zinc, whose recommended use is of one sachet/day.15 Therefore, in a healthy population, zinc supplementation with 5 mg/day may not be as effective in the prevention of infectious diseases. Regarding acceptance, sprinkles appear to be an efficient way of supplementing zinc intake, as well as other TSA HDAC mw micronutrients. The data analyzed in this study reflect an acceptance > 90%. It is noteworthy the fact that the sprinkles were added to the food that was best accepted by the participants and, as they provide almost no change in
flavor or color of preparations, their consumption may be associated with the acceptance of the food offered to the children. Other studies that assessed the acceptance of sprinkles16 and 17 also showed similar results, suggesting they are a good option to fight micronutrient deficiencies, especially because they do not alter the organoleptic characteristics of food. Based on the present study, it can be concluded that zinc supplementation through the use of sprinkles had no impact in reducing the incidence of DD and ARI, nor influence on the nutritional status of the study population. However, the good acceptance Akt inhibitor of sprinkles offers a new form to administer supplemental micronutrients, representing an innovation in the management of children's nutritional deficiencies. The sprinkles were donated by Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. "
"Environmental Glutamate dehydrogenase tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with a higher prevalence of asthma in adolescents, and with more severe
forms in children. Passive exposure to tobacco smoke is common, and its damaging effects on health have been well-known for decades.1 However, the magnitude of the problem worldwide is poorly described2. Childhood asthma is one of the diseases that most contributes to the health costs arising from passive smoking.2 It was estimated that 603,000 deaths were attributable to second-hand smoke in the year 2004, representing 1% of world mortality, of which 28% occurred in children.2Although the higher prevalence and severity of childhood asthma due to ETS appears to be well-established,3, 4, 5 and 6 other studies report that ETS is not associated with a higher prevalence of asthma in children.7, 8 and 9 The aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children and adolescents in this community, according to the passive exposure to smoking by the parents.
However, there was no significant difference between the Dox–PEG
However, there was no significant difference between the Dox–PEG group and the free Dox group, whereas the tumor growth inhibition efficacy of the AG73–Dox group was better than that of the free Dox group (P<0.05). When the see more antitumor effect of Dox–PEG was compared with that of AG73–Dox, there was no significant difference in antitumor effect. We also monitored the body weights of the tumor-bearing mice to assess any side effects of AG73–Dox. The body weight change during the tumor treatment was not observed in the AG73–Dox group. To evaluate the targeting effect of AG73 peptide-modified liposomes in vivo, we examined the intratumoral
localization of AG73 peptide-modified liposomes. As shown in Fig. 8, DiI-labeled PEG liposomes (PEG-L), which did not
contain Dox, were leaked from intratumoral vessels and diffused in the tumor tissue, whereas DiI-labeled AG73 peptide-modified liposomes (AG73-L) were mainly bound to intratumoral vessels and were partially extravasated in the tumor. The AG73 peptide is a ligand for syndecan-2. Syndecan-2 is also highly expressed in human vascular endothelial cells [17]. Moreover, the cellular uptake of AG73–Dox in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was higher than that of Dox–PEG or AG73T–Dox, which was observed using flow cytometry (data not shown). In this study, there is little difference between antitumor effect of Dox–PEG and that of AG73–Dox. However, it seems that AG73–Dox PLX3397 purchase tend to target not only tumor tissue but also intratumoral
vessels ( Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). To assess whether AG73-L is tumor selectivity, we injected DiI-labeled PEG-L or AG73-L and observed various other organs (heart, liver, spleen, and kidney) using fluorescence microscopy. As shown in Fig. 9, although the fluorescence intensity of AG73-L was slightly high in the heart compared to that of PEG-L, there was little difference between PEG-L and AG73-L in the other organs. Recently, to enhance the therapeutic effect of Dox, the drug delivery field has focused its attention on designing nanoparticles that are capable of releasing a drug efficiently when exposed to a specific triggering mechanism [1] and [2]. Such triggers include pH, light, ultrasound, enzymatic action, and heat [13]. Among the trigger-sensitive nanoparticle Sitaxentan formulations that have been developed, ultrasound-sensitive liposomes (bubble liposomes) could function as a novel gene delivery tool by exposure to ultrasound [25] and [18]. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the AG73–Dox for in vivo application by changing the peptide modification ratio or PEG ratio. Furthermore, the combination of AG73–Dox with bubble liposomes and ultrasound may enable enhancement of the therapeutic effect. In this study, doxorubicin-encapsulating AG73 peptide-modified liposomes (AG73–Dox) were developed to increase the intracellular uptake of anticancer drugs and to achieve an improved therapeutic effect specifically against tumors.
However, 2-D proteomic analyses indicated three groups of crystal
However, 2-D proteomic analyses indicated three groups of crystallin. The most likely explanation is PD0325901 order that crystallin undergoes post-translational modification, dimerization, and oligomerization. It is not known whether nodavirus infection in groupers affects these processes, thereby interfering with the biological functions of crystallins. Crystallin is regulated by temperature [34] and undergoes folding
under normal physiological conditions, which support a chaperone-like activity. Therefore, an experiment was done where grouper cells were infected with the nodavirus at 28 °C and 32 °C. No temperature-related differences in expression mRNA and protein were evident. However, after viral infection, immunohistochemical staining showed that crystallin proteins clustered within cells forming puncture spots ( Fig. 5). With increased temperature and Crenolanib ic50 viral infection, the probability of intracellular puncture formation also increased. The results are consistent with the view that crystallin is a stress-induced protein. Using human crystallins as an example, under normal conditions, crystallin assembles into high order forms [34]. However, under stress situations, grouper crystallin assembles into puncture forms, which helps to unfold abnormal proteins back into normal proteins, performing chaperone-like functions. PolyQ proteins fused with
green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used to monitor the aggregation of misfolded proteins [35], therefore, we evaluated firstly whether recombinant polyQ-GFP CHIR-99021 solubility dmso reproduces key features, accumulated in inclusion body-like aggregation in vitro. GFP fluorescence was observed under the control of E. coli expression system. In marked contrast, when different length polyglutamine fused to GFP were expressed, distinct fluorescent images were observed in expressing proteins. Recombinant GFP (r-GFP) and recombinant Q5GFP (r-Q5GFP) were diffusely distributed, whereas the recombinant Q9GFP (r-Q9GFP) accumulated partially in inclusion body-like aggregation ( Fig. 6A). Analysis of total extracts proteins were
subjected to high speed centrifugation, r-GFP remained exclusively in the soluble supernatant fraction, whereas a significant portion of both r-Q15GFP and r-Q21GFP were found in the insoluble pellet fraction ( Fig. 6B). Next, we evaluated whether grouper crystallin reduced the amount of aggregates of r-Q9GFP. As shown in Fig. 6C, fluorescence microscopy revealed that both recombinant crystallin (r-crystallin) and heat shock protein 90 (r-HSP90) reduced r-Q9GFP aggregation in vitro. In contrast, both r-crystallin and r-HSP90 did not alter aggregated r-Q9GFP to form soluble r-Q9GFP ( Fig. 6D). In this study, grouper crystallin processes chaperone-like properties, including the ability to prevent the aggregation of misfolded proteins.


Q. Why are only some payments deducted from my account balance and others are not (even though the others appear as payments for that account)?
1. The payment "Paid On" date field is set to a date/time that is after the Account's "As of Date" and is not in the future (less than the current time).
2. The payment "Paid With" field is set to the correct Account.


St Patrick is the Patron Saint of Ireland and is credited with having established Christianity in the country more than 1500 years ago. His story is partly fact, partly legend and partly and merging of the two. In popular imagination he is remembered for supposedly ridding the country of snakes. He is said to have explained the concept of the Holy Trinity by likening it to a shamrock, and in the process turning a small clover into a symbol for Ireland.
He is said to have debated with Celtic druids and talked with mythical Celtic figures in stories which are highly entertaining if not reliable. What is certain is that he orchestrated the seismic shift that saw Ireland abandon the pagan religions that had dominated the country for centuries, and adopt the Christian religion that would dominate it for centuries to come.
It was a remarkable achievement, even when the legendary elements are stripped out, making St Patrick one of the most important figures in Irish history.
Much of what we know about him comes from two documents that he wrote once he was established as the head of the church in Ireland. The Confessio describes aspects of his life and how he came to be in Ireland; the Letter against Coroticus is a protest against the slaughter of Christians by a raiding party from Roman Britain.
In Confessio he describes how he was the son of Roman official called Calpornius living in Britain. He doesn't specify dates so it is difficult to be precise about when he lived other than to say it was during the 5th century.
During this period, Roman power was on the wane throughout Europe. They were losing their iron grip on Britain, which encouraged Irish pirates and raiding parties to mount smash and grab attacks on unguarded British towns.
In the Confessio, Patrick says that when he was 16 he was captured by Irish raiders who attacked his home at Bannaventium Taburniae. Scholars can't place this precisely but most agree it was somewhere on the west side of Britain, possibly Wales.
The raiders took Patrick back to Ireland and sold him into slavery. He was taken about 200 miles west, possibly to Co Mayo, where he was made to herd cattle and sheep for six years.
After six years in Ireland, Patrick describes how he heard a voice telling him to escape and return home. A ship would be waiting for him when he arrived at the shore. Patrick took this to be the voice of God and obeyed immediately.
He walked the 200 miles, careful to avoid recapture, until he arrived at the Irish Sea. As the voice had predicted, there was a ship ready to sail and Patrick managed to persuade the captain to take him on board.
He eventually made it back home and was reunited with his parents. He then returned to his education, determined to make up for lost time. He sat in classes with children much younger than he was and was embarrassed by his poor standard in Latin. "I have not studied like the others," he later wrote in Confessio.
Patrick did eventually catch up and was ordained as a priest.
Throughout this time, Patrick describes how he never forgot his time in Ireland and the people he had met. He had another dream in which he saw a man coming from Ireland. The man handed him a letter with the heading, Vox Hiberniae – the Voice of the Irish.
Patrick said the dream left him in no doubt as to what he had to do: return to Ireland to preach the Gospel and convert the Irish to Christianity.
His wish came true when the Roman church in Britain appointed him Bishop of the Irish, and sent him to nurture and expand Ireland's growing Christian community.
Patrick says virtually nothing about his achievements in Ireland and his humility means it is difficult to establish when he arrived, what he did and where he visited.
However, most scholars believe he arrived back in Ireland in 432 and spent most of his time working in the north. He established the diocese of Armagh which was to be a major seat of Christianity for centuries to come. He also preached tirelessly across the region and was particularly prominent in Templepatrick, Saul, Downpatrick, Lough Derg and Croagh Patrick – all of which became closely associated with him and in some cases took his name.
In order to succeed, Patrick would almost certainly have needed the support of the Irish kings and clan leaders. The Uí Néill dynasty were the dominant force in the north and it's likely they adopted him and ensured his safety.
Christianity survived and thrived thanks to the work of St Patrick but the church structure he established did not. He had tried to set up a diocesan structure based on parishes. This worked well in Europe but not in Ireland because there were no towns on which to base it.
After St Patrick's death, the church took a different turn with monasteries being the main centres rather than parishes and dioceses. This became the norm in Ireland for several centuries.
St Patrick gave Christianity a firm foundation in Ireland that survives to this day. In the process he became national icon whose name is synonymous with Ireland. St Patrick's Day is celebrated all across the world, and although those celebrations have little to do with religion, they still show how important a figure St Patrick is to Ireland.
Christabel Burton was an incredible Anglo-Irish woman who outsmarted Nazi interrogators to help free her husband from a concentration camp prison. Find out more.


text:
module DbReplicator
  class InstallGenerator < Rails::Generators::Base
    source_root File.expand_path('../../templates', __FILE__)
    desc 'Creates the base config file for DbReplicator, the .db_replicator_dumps directory, and adds .db_replicator_dumps to your .gitignore file.'

    def copy_initializer
      puts destination_root
      template 'db_replicator.rb', 'config/initializers/db_replicator.rb'
    end

    def create_dumps_dir
      empty_directory '.db_replicator_dumps'
      create_file '.db_replicator_dumps/.gitkeep'
    end

    def add_dumps_dir_to_gitignore
      if File.exist?(File.join(destination_root, '.gitignore'))
        append_to_file '.gitignore' do
          '/.db_replicator_dumps/*.sql'
        end
      else
        create_file '.gitignore', '/.db_replicator_dumps/*.sql'
      end
    end
  end
end


In 2014 almost 10,000 people were killed due to impaired driving, representing 1/3 of all fatal auto accidents in the US. 18% of fatal accidents included the use of drugs other than alcohol usually in combination with alcohol.
For a first offense for a DUI under 0.15% Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in most states you will lose your driving privileges for a mandatory 2 days to 6 months. In states without a mandatory minimum, generally you will lose extensive privileges having access only to a restricted or limited license.
For the next three years you will be considered a 'high risk' driver and most insurance companies will ensure their risk is covered by charging significantly more for a policy with them. Typically these rates will increase by $1000-$1500 per year for the first three years, but will not drop to your pre-DUI rates even after the three years.
DUIs cost drivers in a number of ways and not just increased insurance costs. Do you know how does DUI affect insurance? You will pay fines, license reinstatement fees, costs of alternate transportation, substance abuse programs, attorney fees, bail and towing and impound fees among others. The average immediate costs to a driver are between $5,000-$20,000 depending on your age and state.
A DUI can often land you in jail with varying time periods depending on the state you reside in. On second and subsequent offenses these jail time periods often equate to significant amounts of time. If you are in an industry that demands strict ethics, both of these factors may end up costing you your job.
Even if you do not get charged with a DUI or cause an accident with another vehicle your ability to drive safely will be severely hampered. Your judgement, concentration, comprehension, coordination, vision and hearing acuity and reaction time all suffer from alcohol consumption.
Transporting minors while driving impaired can have disastrous consequences. You are also instilling poor values in these children as they watch you drive impaired.
If you drive impaired and get into an extreme accident causing severe injury or death to others, your life will never be the same. Not only will you have to live with the mental anguish of the accident but you may be barred from driving, suffer catastrophic financial ruin and become a pariah within your community.
1.4 million drivers are arrested for DUI every year. Chemical refusal penalties in most states mean that even if you refuse to take a sobriety test, you will receive the same or more often harsher penalties for failing to take the tests.
Drivers and anyone else concerned can find out more about the laws governing driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs and illegal substances. They can also learn about where they can get help. Having a problem isn't as bad as knowing you have a serious problem but doing nothing about it.
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