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Analysis of Wole Soyinka's Novels
By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on April 12, 2019 • ( 0 )
Like other novelists in Africa during the years just before and after independence, Wole Soyinka faced the question of ethnic and cultural identity. The now notorious negritude movement, begun in the 1930's, had attempted to promote a pan-African identity by distinguishing between two mentalities: the rational, methodical, categorical tendency of the industrialized Westerner and the emotional spontaneity of the African still in tune with the rhythms of nature. Many, including Soyinka, came to see this definition as a sign of cultural dependence—the African described by contrast to the dominant European culture. In his most famous remark on the subject, Soyinka declared that "the tiger does not proclaim his tigretude!" Soyinka presumably meant that Africans need not be defensive about their identity; at any rate, Soyinka has proclaimed unabashedly, in all of his works, including his two novels, the indigenous source of his themes and inspiration.
As Soyinka makes clear in his book of criticism Myth, Literature, and the African World, his own cultural heritage is Yoruba. Drawing from its fascinating and complex mythology, Soyinka concentrates on two central events. One is the disintegration of primal oneness, which he calls Orisa-nla. In the beginning, only Orisa-nla existed, with his servant Akunda; in a moment of revolution or treachery, depending on the point of view, Akunda rolled a boulder down the back of Orisa-nla, shattering him into the fragments that became the human race and the gods of the Yoruba pantheon; god and humanity were thenceforth separated from one another. Among these individuated gods, two stand out, Obatala and Ogun, as aspects of the original oneness. Soyinka uses human representations of them both in his novels. Obatala appears as the titular leader of a traditional community. While not actively pursuing the rejuvenation of society, he tries to hold things together: "He is the embodiment of the suffering spirit of man, uncomplaining, agonised, full of the redemptive qualities of endurance and martyrdom." Soyinka also includes a third human figure in the novels, a woman, who appears as the fertility principle inherent in Orisa-nla and promises continuity.
The most important god for Soyinka, however, is Ogun, whose story is central to the plots in the two novels and whose complex character makes him the most complete symbol of the original oneness. Most simply, he is the god of creation and destruction, and he is incarnate in humankind. After the original disintegration, Ogun took on the task of entering the abyss that separated humankind from the gods and building a bridge across the primeval gulf to reunite them. To accomplish this task, he had to "die," to risk total disintegration of the personality (thus repeating the original fragmentation) and to reintegrate himself through an act of the will. Ogun's success was his grand triumph that humanity must strive to emulate. Ogun's cautionary tale does not, however, end here. At the call of human beings, he reluctantly descended to aid them, but his gift of "Promethean" fire—Ogun is the god of the forge—gave humankind the power of destruction as well as creation. During his sojourn among people, Ogun, as god of wine and of war, then experienced his most shameful moment, the massacre in battle, while in a drunken rage, of both friends and enemies. This destructive power of the will repeated the drunken act of Akunda and symbolizes the ever-present threat of humankind's own destructiveness. It is especially Ogun's personality and social roles that provide for Soyinka a rationale for contemporary events. Ogun's story proclaims the will as the crucial ethical faculty, individual heroism as the dynamic factor in social change, and the communal function of the heroic act as its sanction.
The Interpreters
Soyinka's first novel, The Interpreters, is a dark comedy. The settings are the capital city of Lagos, the university city of Ibadan, and the surrounding lagoons, at a time soon after Nigeria's independence, in the early 1960's. Soyinka presents a directionless society seen mainly through the eyes of a few university-educated observers who have just returned from abroad to take up their roles, which they have yet truly to discover, in the new state. What they see is an assortment of professional people holding on to or seeking status and power; their attractive public image is but a disguised sleaziness, a combination of Old World corruption and Victorian hypocrisy. Moving through this structured society are various lost people seeking stability: an American black man who is gay, an evangelical preacher, a thief, and occasional transients from outside Africa. The novel traces the lives of the five interpreters—Egbo, Sagoe, Kola, Sekoni, and Bandele—as they get in touch with themselves and their society. What sets them apart, in particular, is their refusal to accept wholesale imported Western values and mores, as well as a vague sense that an indigenous worldview should mold the new state. The problem is to get in touch with it and revive it. Soyinka does not offer any hope of immediate success.
Of all the interpreters, Egbo and Sekoni are most closely associated with the Ogun experience. Sagoe, Kola, and Bandele do not share the risky heroism of Ogun's nature but seem closer to the passive, suffering attitude of the god Obatala, though it is difficult and undesirable to make such identifications with any allegorical rigidity. Sagoe, the newspaper reporter whose experiences give insight into the corrupt practices of business and politics and into the religious void of modern Nigeria, suffers in the first part of the novel from inebriation and a morning hangover. He has developed the absurd "Philosophy of Voidancy," a solipsistic return to original oneness, a passive loss of identity. Arecurring childhood memory perpetuates a Western, Manichaean split between divine and human nature. He finally agrees to abandon his philosophy and commit himself to his fiancé, Dehinwa, but Sagoe never displays any deep internal struggle.
Kola is a painter who is intellectually aware of Yoruba tradition; he spends several months finishing his huge canvas, a symbolic representation of the Yoruba pantheon using contemporary models. Kola gradually recognizes his own inadequacy as an artist—Ogun is Soyinka's divine symbol of the true artist—and is almost ready to accept his role as simply a teacher of art. The painting itself would suggest, at least in the eyes of Egbo, an inadequate conception of human struggle and redemption. Kola presents Ogun (Egbo) not in his creative role as architect of order but as a drunken murderer. Bandele is the clearest image of the god Obatala. Throughout the novel, he tries to mediate among the various interpreters and to judge and encourage ethical behavior. He also tries to live a life of compromise, to prevent a complete split between the intellectuals and the rest of society. In the end, he continues his role of judge—as the traditional Oba—but strikes out at the society itself, ensuring a split, as he sarcastically accuses the hypocritical professional class of burying its own children.
Soyinka measures human character against divine behavior after the original fragmentation. Only Ogun, among all the gods, risked the loss of individuation in the abyss of transition. Egbo, the grandson and heir of a village chief, is on the edge of the abyss. The novel places two choices before him: between the power and privileges of the Osa chiefdom and a life in a modern state, and between a sensuous life with Simi, a nationally famous and beautiful courtesan, and a New World university student, a feminist rebel pregnant with his child. While he has not made either choice definitively at the end of the novel, he leans toward contemporary demands. Such a commitment would be a denial of African heritage as superficially perceived but an assertion of it in essential terms. The university student is herself a heroine, defying artificial conventions of the day and committed to her child and to her education in spite of bitter rejection by the professional elite. She is also the only person with whom Egbo has shared his religious commitment to the Yoruba gods; their night of love takes place in his sacred retreat under the bridge crossing the Ogun River. Egbo has at least three initiation experiences, all sexual, described as symbolic leaps into the abyss of death and rebirth: twice during his first night with Simi and once during his more mature "venturing" with the unnamed student girl. By the end of the novel, he knows, though he has not yet made the decision, that "he could not hold her merely as an idyllic fantasy, for the day rose large enough and he was again overwhelmed by her power of will."
While Egbo's Ogun experience is still on the level of "idyllic fantasy," Sekoni's has a degree of fulfillment and a tragic finality. Like Egbo, at the beginning of the novel he perceives the sacred through physical reality. Egbo calls the fleshy black dancer at the Club Cabana "the exaltation of the Black Immanent." For Sekoni, she is a symbol of the original oneness: It would be profane, he says in his stuttering excitement, "t-t-to bring her in c-c-conflict." In moments of inspiration, as he comes into contact with spiritual reality, his language breaks down and his stuttering increases. Sekoni's first profession is engineering. His dream is to harness the powers of nature. A flashback has him returning home aboard ship, imagining the ocean as "a deafening waterfall defying human will," and his creative fingers as shapers of bridges, hospitals, derricks, and railroads.
The sea, however, proves to be too strong; the bureaucracy at home gives him a desk job and then allows him to build a rural power plant only to have it condemned by an expatriate expert. The failure drives him insane. When he is released from the mental hospital, he goes on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem (not to Mecca, as his devout Muslim father would have wished), and by putting his fingers through the broken walls of the city, he has a mystical experience. Soyinka's description of it suggests an identification between the Jewish and the African diasporas, the disintegration of traditional community, and, by implication, a repetition of the original fragmentation of Orisa-nla. Sekoni returns to Nigeria as an inspired artist. His one great work, a sculpture that he calls The Wrestler, seems a race against time. Using Bandele as a model and a rough incident with a bouncer at the Club Cabana as the inspiration, Sekoni depicts what appears to be Ogun just beginning to relax after subduing the forces of chaos in the abyss. Kola admires and envies Sekoni's genius, his ability to create "that something which hits you foully in the stomach."
When Ogun grants such powers, however, he demands a sacrifice in return. In a symbolic scene, with obvious mythological references and a typical Soyinka setting, Sekoni dies in an automobile accident during a raging storm, near a bridge that spans a precipice. As god of the forge, Ogun is associated with automobiles and bridges and with the metal that draws down lightning from the heavens. On that chaotic night, the "dome" of heaven "cracked," and, like Ogun in the abyss, Sekoni loses his identity, literally, except as he survives in his sculpture. His death leaves the other interpreters drained of energy, searching desperately for a myth that will convince them of rebirth. That Sekoni is not reborn seems to provoke estrangement. At the end, the four remaining interpreters are no longer a close-knit group: They experience "a night of severance, every man . . . going his way." The Ogun paradigm would suggest that, since everyone is an incarnation of Ogun, the interpreters are facing the transition experience.
Season of Anomy
Like The Interpreters, Season of Anomy has as its major theme the reestablishment of cultural and spiritual continuity. Bandele's searing rebuke of his peers, that they are burying their own children, applies even literally to the generation in power in Soyinka's second novel. The ruling Cartel (a conglomerate of business, political, and military leaders) use their positions to exploit the country (a fictionalized Nigeria) and to intimidate, suppress, and massacre in order to maintain control. The novel's main antagonist is the innocuous appearing community of Aiyéró, headed by the wise Pa Ahime, which perpetuates the traditional African values of community and harmony with nature. Ahime resembles the Obatala personality in his passive, suffering role as priest. Beneath his surface calm dwell "doubts upon doubts, thicker than the night" about African ideals ever overcoming the forces of exploitation. He himself, however, does not struggle actively against the forces outside the community. The conflict in the novel begins when Ofeyi, the novel's protagonist and the Ogun personality in its artistic, creative aspect, goes out into the larger world to combat the Cartel. Ofeyi is at first a propagandist jingle writer for the Cocoa Corporation, an ally of the Cartel; under the influence of Ahime and his own vision of a new Africa, however, he uses his position to undermine the corporation, until he has to resign under fire. The novel, then, presents a conflict between these two forces, creation and destruction, but the plot is a tracing of Ofeyi's growing commitment to his cause, his debate in particular over using either peaceful or military means, his eventual acceptance of violence, and his personal and communal quest for Iriyise, his mistress, whom Soyinka develops as a goddess of fertility, an aspect of Orisa-nla, who gave birth to the Yoruba pantheon. Ofeyi travels into the center of the Cartel's massacres in order to rescue Iriyise from the enemy prison and carry her, though comatose, safely back to the refuge of Aiyéró.
While the novel often operates on a realistic level— with its vivid pictures of war, for example—its language is infused with ritual and myth. Ofeyi's actions take on a ritualistic meaning and, as in ritual and myth, detailed, causal explanations are not always forthcoming. The novel does not follow a clear chronological line; it oscillates between the communal life in Aiyéró and the outside world and between the inner life of Ofeyi, his memories and reflections, and public action.
The novel tries to make sense of the chaotic events through which Ofeyi moves. It judges the Cartel according to traditional values and myths. In particular, it condemns an exploitation that forgets the obligation of one generation to another. Ofeyi's subversive jingles accuse the Cocoa Corporation of milking the country dry: "They drained the nectar, peeled the gold/ The trees were bled prematurely old/ Nor green nor gold remained for the next generation." The proverb that defines the Cartel, one of its own choosing, damns it: "The child who swears his mother will not sleep, he must also pass a sleepless night." The mother (the Cartel), accusing the child of the crime, fails to acknowledge that the child is restless and screams for attention because the mother has not been nurturing him. The Cartel fails in its function of ensuring continuity from one generation to the next. Aiyéró, on the other hand, through its rituals and myths, maintains the three necessary connections, between generations, between the living and the dead, and between gods and humanity. Aiyéró is not a pastoral paradise; it has a reputation for its boatbuilding, uses hydroelectric power, and manufactures guns. Soyinka's notion of the idyllic community is not backward. Still, its communal ideal suggests strongly its allegorical representation of the divine world attempting to reestablish ties with the fragmented human race to achieve wholeness.
Ogun's transitional journey is the paradigm for the novel's plot and theme. Individual scenes and incidents reinforce the idea. Ofeyi's main concern is whether his actions will make any impact on history: whether the attempt to create order out of chaos is hopeless and whether his own personal contribution will soon be covered in obscurity. When he is still debating his role, sitting in a canoe on the pond that the people of Aiyéró use as a retreat for reflection, Ofeyi watches the wake quickly disappear as the waters resume their calm cover. Even "this simple rite of passage," he says, seems a meaningless challenge. Beneath the pond are centuries of history—"Slaves, gold, oil. The old wars"—and his efforts seem doomed to join them. The oil could be a promise for the future; like Ogun, Ofeyi regards resources as the raw materials of creativity. As he contemplates the Cartel's exploitation of them, he determines, through an act of the will, that victory requires "only the rightful challenger."
The novel's central symbol of the new Nigeria, as conceived by Ahime and Ofeyi, is the dam at Shage, which will, when completed, span the river into Crossriver, the region most antagonistic to Aiyéró's ideas and known for its xenophobia. Mainly Aiyéró men, living outside their native community, are engaged on the project, and Ofeyi, as ideologue, has been its inspiration. It, like Iriyise's dance performed for the workers on the construction site, celebrates the harmonious creation of power—hydroelectric power—out of natural forces. Later, however, after the Cartel has begun to react to the initiatives of the Aiyéró men and has begun to repress them, Ofeyi passes by Shage Dam on the way to Crossriver. The site is abandoned, the dam only partially finished, and dead bodies—perhaps the men of Aiyéró—lie floating in the artificial lake. The Cartel has begun its massacres. When Ofeyi first sees the crane with its rope suspended over the lake, he recalls a similar scene in Scotland and remembers his reaction to the unfinished bridge there. It seemed to him then that all unfinished things were sublime—a Western romantic notion to which he had clung until this day at Shage Dam. Now he reevaluates that experience, according to the myth of his own culture: "It all remained unfinished, and not sublime." Ofeyi as the Ogun personality cannot accept the chaos of the abyss as the end of the creative effort. The goal must be to restore order, not aesthetically admire the incomprehensible.
When Ofeyi arrives at the bridge that will carry him into Cross-river, he, like Egbo in The Interpreters, bathes himself in the purifying waters. Unlike Egbo, however, he then takes the final plunge into the abyss. He enters Cross-river in search of Iriyise. As he experiences at first hand the horrors of war, he moves deeper and deeper into enemy territory and ends in Temoko Prison. He is there not because he is forced to be but because he wills to be. In the final symbolic act of the abyss, he is knocked unconscious, loses his "individuation," and then wills himself back to life. This unrealistic mythical event accompanies his simultaneous rescue of Iriyise from the prison. Their return to Aiyéró with Ahime and Demakin (the warrior aspect of Ogun) means a temporary defeat for society but a victory for Ofeyi, whose will has overcome the recurring temptation of passivity.
Acommon complaint against Soyinka, in spite of the high acclaim he receives for his artistry and his patriotism, is his failure to speak realistically to the issues confronting African societies. Not only does his complex, allusive style encourage elitism, but his characters also are intellectuals whose problems and solutions have little direct relationship to the larger society. Whereas Western audiences, especially critics, might be attracted to such a highly individualistic aesthetic, African readers and critics might wish for a voice that is closer to their pitch, that seems to echo their complaints.
Certainly, many would wish fervently that one who is perhaps the most talented literary figure on the continent could use his gift to effect real and visible change. Nevertheless, three things must be said about Soyinka as an African spokesman. First, his novels have as their underlying theme the freedom of the individual and the use of that freedom in the interests of society. Second, he insists on African roots and traditional African concepts as rationales and sanctions for human behavior. Finally, Soyinka does not indulge in experimentation for its own sake, nor does he employ fiction merely as a medium for presenting the tensions of contemporary conflict; rather, by incorporating ritual and myth in his novels, he seeks to suggest the very communal sense that must ultimately hold the society together.
Other major works
Plays: The Swamp Dwellers, pr. 1958; The Invention, pr. 1959 (one act); The Lion and the Jewel, pr. 1959; A Dance of the Forests, pr. 1960; The Trials of Brother Jero, pr. 1960; The Strong Breed, pb. 1963; Three Plays, 1963; Five Plays, 1964; Kongi's Harvest, pr. 1964; The Road, pr., pb. 1965; Madmen and Specialists, pr. 1970 (revised pr., pb. 1971); The Bacchae, pr., pb. 1973 (adaptation of Euripides' play); Jero's Metamorphosis, pb. 1973; Collected Plays, 1973-1974 (2 volumes); Death and the King's Horseman, pb. 1975; Opera Wonyosi, pr. 1977 (adaptation of Bertolt Brecht's play The Three-penny Opera); Requiem for a Futurologist, pr. 1983; A Play of Giants, pr., pb. 1984; Six Plays, 1984; From Zia, with Love, pr., pb. 1992; The Beatification of Area Boy: A Lagosian Kaleidoscope, pb. 1995; Plays: Two, 1999.
Poetry: Idanre, and Other Poems, 1967; Poems from Prison, 1969; A Shuttle in the Crypt, 1972; Ogun Abibiman, 1976; Mandela's Earth, and Other Poems, 1988; Early Poems, 1997; Samarkand and Other Markets I Have Known, 2002.
Radio plays: Camwood on the Leaves, 1960 (pb. 1973); A Scourge of Hyacinths, 1990 (pb. 1992).
Nonfiction: "The Man Died": Prison Notes of Wole Soyinka, 1972 (autobiography); Myth, Literature, and the African World, 1976; Aké: The Years of Childhood, 1981 (autobiography); Art, Dialogue, and Outrage: Essays on Literature and Culture, 1988; Ìsarà: A Voyage Around "Essay," 1989; The Credo of Being and Nothingness, 1991; Orisha Liberated the Mind: Wole Soyinka in Conversation with Ulli Beier on Yoruba Religion, 1992; Wole Soyinka on "Identity," 1992; "Death and the King's Horseman": A Conversation Between Wole Soyinka and Ulli Beier, 1993; Ibadan: The Penkelemes Years—A Memoir, 1946-1965, 1994; The Open Sore of a Continent: A Personal Narrative of the Nigerian Crisis, 1996; Seven Signposts of Existence: Knowledge, Honour, Justice, and Other Virtues, 1999; The Burden of Memory, the Muse of Forgiveness, 1999; Conversations with Wole Soyinka, 2001 (Biodun Jeyifo, editor); Climate of Fear: The Quest for Dignity in a Dehumanized World, 2005; You Must Set Forth at Dawn: A Memoir, 2006. translation: Forest of a Thousand Daemons: A Hunter's Saga, 1968 (of D. O. Fagunwa's novel).
Adelugba, Dapo, ed. Before Our Very Eyes: Tribute to Wole Soyinka, Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum, 1987.
Coger, Greta M. K. Index of Subjects, Proverbs, and Themes in the Writings of Wole Soyinka. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1988.
Jeyifo, Biodun. Wole Soyinka: Politics, Poetics, and Postcolonialism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
_______, ed. Conversations with Wole Soyinka. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001.
_______, ed. Perspectives on Wole Soyinka: Freedom and Complexity. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001.
Jones, Eldred Durosimi. The Writing of Wole Soyinka. Rev. ed. London: Heinemann, 1988.
Maduakor, Obi. Wole Soyinka: An Introduction to His Writing. New York: Garland, 1986.
Maja-Pearce, Adewale, ed. Wole Soyinka: An Appraisal. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann, 1994.
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Categories: African Literature, Literary Criticism, Literary Theory, Literature, Novel Analysis, Postcolonialism
Tags: Analysis of Wole Soyinka's Novel Season of Anomy, Analysis of Wole Soyinka's Novel The Interpreters, Analysis of Wole Soyinka's Novels, Cliffnotes of Wole Soyinka's Novel Season of Anomy, Cliffsnotes of Wole Soyinka's Novel The Interpreters, Criticism of Wole Soyinka's Novel Season of Anomy, Criticism of Wole Soyinka's Novels, Enotes of Wole Soyinka's Novel Season of Anomy, Enotes of Wole Soyinka's Novel The Interpreters, Essays of Wole Soyinka's Novel Season of Anomy, Essays of Wole Soyinka's Novels, Notes of Wole Soyinka's Novel The Interpreters, Plot of Wole Soyinka's Novel Season of Anomy, Plot of Wole Soyinka's Novels, Sparknites of Wole Soyinka's Novel The Interpreters, Sparknotes of Wole Soyinka's Novel Season of Anomy, Study Guide of Wole Soyinka's Novel Season of Anomy, Study Guide of Wole Soyinka's Novel The Interpreters, Study Guide of Wole Soyinka's Novels, Summary of Wole Soyinka's Novel Season of Anomy, Summary of Wole Soyinka's Novel The Interpreters, Summary of Wole Soyinka's Novels, Themes of Wole Soyinka's Novel Season of Anomy, Themes of Wole Soyinka's Novel The Interpreters, Themes of Wole Soyinka's Novels, Thesis of Wole Soyinka's Novel Season of Anomy, Wole Soyinka, Wole Soyinka's Novels
Analysis of Ngugi wa Thiong'o's Novels
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Phases of African Postcolonial Literature


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Bar manager relives pub ambush
BAR manager Marc Turner today told how two robbers ambushed him and stole his pub's takings in a vicious attack.Mr Turner, 21, was slammed against a wall in The Old Millars on Felixstowe seafront, and had his hands tied behind his back with elasticuffs.
BAR manager Marc Turner today told how two robbers ambushed him and stole his pub's takings in a vicious attack.
Mr Turner, 21, was slammed against a wall in The Old Millars on Felixstowe seafront, and had his hands tied behind his back with elasticuffs.
He was then thrown to the floor as the men raided the safe, getting away with £3,500.
Today his employers, the Beccles-based Waveney Pub Co, offered a reward for anyone giving information, which leads to an arrest and conviction.
The incident – as reported on The Evening Star's web site last night – happened around 12.45am yesterday as Mr Turner was completing his paperwork and getting ready to go home.
"I heard a noise at the front door and so I went to check it out and as I got to the bottom of the steps this huge figure just rushed from nowhere and grabbed me," said Mr Turner.
"I was thrown against a wall and then taken behind the bar and my hands were tied behind my back. They took all the money from the safe and then threw me to the floor.
"We think I was knocked out – my face was up like a balloon this morning. When I came round it took me about five minutes to get up and then I got out and went to the kebab shop next door and they raised the alarm."
Four squad cars and a dog car attended the scene.
The robbers used elasticuffs – like plastic ties used by gardeners to tie up plants. It left his wrists sore and he also needed treatment at Felixstowe General Hospital for bruising to his left side and foot.
Mr Turner, of Sea Road, due to leave Felixstowe next week to manage one of the company's larger bars in Holland-on-Sea, said it was a terrifying experience.
"This was just not like Felixstowe – the reason I came here was because it was small and friendly. Unfortunately, I leave with a bit of a nightmare to remember," he added.
Neil Sharpe, joint managing director of Waveney Pub Co, said it was a vicious attack and they would be reviewing security procedures immediately.
"Felixstowe is a lovely friendly place and this was an awful thing to happen. We don't always lock the door – the people at the kebab shop next door are still open and often pop in to see if we want anything before we go," he said.
"It seems these attackers were already in the pub – and they appeared to know where the safe was because they went straight to it. It was as if they had inside information."
Scenes-of-crime officers had visited to fingerprint the safe and took away Mr Turner's clothes to see if there were fibres from his attackers' clothes. Unfortunately, the bar's CCTV is only switched on as staff lock up.
The first robber is described as black and was wearing a baseball cap. The second is believed to have lighter skin.
Police would like anyone with information about the incident or offenders, or who may have been in the seafront area at the time and saw anything suspicious, to contact Felixstowe CID on 01473 613500.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Firefox: Avoid splitting images and lines of text when printing When printing from Firefox (on any OS, I think), the browser splits images and sometimes even lines of text across page breaks -- the top part of an image shows up at the bottom of page n, and the rest appears at the top of page n + 1.
Is there any way to get Firefox to keep images on individual pages while printing?

A: This issue has been bothering me for a long time.  I found that if you right-click on the page, go to "Inspect Element" and then go to "Style Editor" in the inspection window, you can add:
p {
  page-break-inside: avoid;
}

This will usually do it.  I have seen some people suggesting putting this style inside the 'img' tag, but that hasn't worked for me on any of the pages I have tried to use it.
This tag is also handy if you want to separate the major elements of a page.  For instance, when I print stuff off of EBSCOhost, putting that style in the 'body' tag will put the citation on one page, the text on their own pages, and the images on their own pages.  It's a really handy style.

A: From CSS Discuss Incutio
TLDR: Page breaks are badly supported by browsers (probably with good reason), so it's mostly up to the page designer to deal with this. For the rest there is little you can do, except for copy-pasting it to a document perhaps. And C-Net agrees.
Page breaks
Since the "print margins" are not under your control as Web author, you can't guarantee how much of a Web document will be printed on each page and hence where the page breaks will be. It will vary according to the user's browser, browser settings and printer. And the user's base font size and stationery size are also outside your control. You will want to use CSS to influence (not control) the position of page breaks. CSS2.1 Chapter 13 Paged Media is essential reading. Note that, in this Chapter, CSS2.1 drops some features in CSS2 that browsers have never implemented.
Support for the page-break properties (such as page-break-inside) is poor, even in the latest browsers, the major exception being Opera (Opera 5 onwards) whose support is very good:

*

*http://www.westciv.com/style_master/academy/browser_support/printing.html

*http://www.ncdesign.org/html/s060oth.htm#pagebreak
Worse, browsers are liable to break pages in clearly unacceptable places (see also next paragraph). For example, I have found cases where browsers will break an image across pages. Testing on my various sites suggests that Opera's page-break handling, whilst not perfect, is distinctly more robust than that of Firefox or IE.
Eric's article (see below) mentions a bug in Gecko (Mozilla) -based browsers regarding the printing of floated elements. This bug apparently has yet to be fixed [at July 2009] result in floated elements being chopped at the end of the printed page and sometimes in only one page of a document being printed [Note 2]. I've found a similar float-chopping problem with older versions of Opera (e.g. O7.21). A different bug has been reported in IE where, if the top of a floated element happens to coincide with a page break, the floated element doesn't print at all [acknowledgement: Rennan Rieke].
Suggested strategy for page breaks
The best policy (certainly, until browsers improve) is to give them a break (ha!) by allowing them as much discretion as you can in their choice of break points. They have particular problems with side-by-side elements, such as positioned
s; floats; and tables with two or more columns. Suitable strategies therefore include making positioned
s static; unfloating floats; and breaking up tables used for layout into a series of shorter tables [Note 1]. Even though the page-break properties are poorly supported, don't over-constrain the browsers: use the "avoid" value with as light a touch as you can.
Browsers really don't like floats when it comes to printing (see previous section). The workaround is to unfloat floated elements (float: none and perhaps width: auto as well). If you do risk having a floated element when printing, it may print across a page break (the top of a floated element is anchored to the current line). Depending on the nature of the floated material, this may be acceptable behaviour. If not, only Opera will enable you to suppress such a split.
If you must have some content printed on only one page, e.g. a form, your best chance is to make it significantly less than one page long, so that you have a good margin (sic) of error. Regarding stationery size, you might choose to assume the international (ISO) standard A4 size (for an international audience) or US Letter size (for an exclusively US audience) although there's no guarantee of what size users are using. But ask yourself how you would respond if you had produced a one-page form using a word processor and a user who was vision-impaired asked for a large-print version. As always with Web design and CSS, life will be much simpler if you don't try to fight with the user by insisting on pixel perfection or guaranteed page breaks. Fluid design applies on paper as well as on screen.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Leading personal injury firm Stacks Goudkamp are proud to be partnering with Channel 7 News. Since 7 November 2016, we have been sponsoring the Seven News Traffic Report Chopper presented by Anna Pentelow.
We are particularly happy to be a part of this partnership, as the Channel 7 Traffic Report ensures New South Wales motorists are informed and up-to-date with the current traffic conditions of wherever they need to travel. This allows drivers to plan ahead, and devise the safest and quickest possible route to their destination.
However, whilst being informed about traffic conditions can assist drivers with travelling safely to and from their destinations, accidents can still happen, regardless of how careful you are. This is especially true around this time of the year with many people, especially families, going on road trips and holidays. In some circumstances, these accidents can have serious consequences for individuals and their families. If you find yourself in such a situation, you need expert representation, so as to obtain the best outcome for your claim.
If you or someone you care about has been involved in a motor vehicle accident, you may be entitled to compensation. To arrange your free, no-obligation assessment of your claim with one of our compensation experts, call Stacks Goudkamp on 1800 25 1800, or alternatively make an online enquiry.


text:
Origini
Alauddin Riayat Shah II di Johor nacque a Kopak nel 1513.

Fondazione di Johor e minaccia portoghese
Nel 1529 Alauddin Riayat fondò la sua prima capitale Hujung Tanah, nota come Pekan Tua, a 11 km a monte di Kota Tinggi, in seguito alla morte del padre. Venne anche fondato un forte fluviale forte chiamato Kota Kara. Nel 1535 un contingente di circa 400 portoghesi guidati da Estêvão da Gama invasero il Johor. Kota Kara venne bombardato ma i malesi resistettero all'attacco. Dopo pochi giorni, le truppe portoghesi sbarcarono e bombardarono nuovamente il forte, ma anche questa volta dovettero ritirarsi. Con il morale potenziato da questo successo iniziale, i malesi lasciarono il loro forte e si lanciarono in un contrattacco sui portoghesi. Tuttavia, i malesi furono dispersi dal fuoco incrociato dei rivali che portò alla cattura del forte che fu poi incendiato dai portoghesi.

Alauddin Riayat si ritirò a monte del fiume Johor a Sayong Pinang. Un suo ufficiale, Seri Nara Diraja, morì in questa città. Alauddin Riayat tornato a Pekan Tua dopo un breve periodo e si riorganizzò. Pekan Tua venne poi attaccata da 400 portoghesi al comando sempre di Estêvão da Gama perché suo fratello, Paulo da Gama, e altri 30 uomini circa rimasero uccisi dai malesi. Dopo questo attacco il Johor e il Regno del Portogallo firmarono un trattato di pace.

Nel 1540, Alauddin Riayat Shah trasferì la capitale a Johor Lama, più vicino alla foce del fiume Johor.

Minaccia di Aceh
Il Johor era minacciato anche dal sultanato di Aceh, sulla punta settentrionale dell'isola di Sumatra. Nel 1539, Aru, stato vassallo di Johor situato sulla costa orientale di Sumatra, fu attaccato da una flotta di 160 navi con 12 000 soldati. Alauddin Riayat riunì una flotta con l'aiuto dei suoi alleati, Perak e Siak, e attaccò Aru l'anno successivo. Il sultano riconquistò la città lasciando solo quattordici navi nemiche a galla e migliaia di soldati morti. Lo scontro è passato alla storia come battaglia di Sungai Paneh, la più gloriosa vittoria malese dopo la caduta del sultanato di Malacca. Nel 1564, il sultano di Aceh Alauddin al-Qahar, prese Aru ed espulse i rivali. Il sultano di Aceh, lanciò poi un attacco a Johor Lama dalla città appena conquistata. Il forte e la città vennero catturati e rasi al suolo e Alauddin Riayat fu catturato e portato di nuovo ad Aceh. Nello stesso fu ucciso e gli venne concesso il titolo postumo di Marhum Syahid. Gli succedette il figlio, Muzaffar II.

Vita personale
Era sposato con la principessa Kesuma Dewi di Pahang, figlia di Mansur Shah I di Pahang, ed ebbe quattro figli, due maschi e due femmine.

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Sultani di Johor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package scomp.attributes.detailed;

import xbean.scomp.attribute.globalAttrFixed.GlobalAttrFixedDocDocument;
import xbean.scomp.attribute.globalAttrFixed.TestattributeStrAttribute;
import xbean.scomp.attribute.globalAttrFixed.TestattributeIntAttribute;
import xbean.scomp.attribute.globalAttrFixed.GlobalAttrFixedT;
import scomp.common.BaseCase;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlException;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlOptions;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlError;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlErrorCodes;

import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 *
 *
 *
 */
public class GlobalAttrFixed extends BaseCase {

    /**
     * Missing OK
     */
    public void testValidMissing() throws Exception {
        GlobalAttrFixedT testDoc =
                GlobalAttrFixedDocDocument.Factory.parse("<pre:GlobalAttrFixedDoc" +
                " xmlns:pre=\"http://xbean/scomp/attribute/GlobalAttrFixed\" " +
                "/>").getGlobalAttrFixedDoc();
        assertTrue(testDoc.validate());

    }

    public void testBothValid() throws Throwable {
        GlobalAttrFixedT testDoc =
                GlobalAttrFixedDocDocument.Factory.parse("<pre:GlobalAttrFixedDoc" +
                " xmlns:pre=\"http://xbean/scomp/attribute/GlobalAttrFixed\" " +
                "pre:testattributeStr=\"XBeanAttrStr\" " +
                "pre:testattributeInt=\" 1 \"/>").getGlobalAttrFixedDoc();
        try {
            assertTrue(testDoc.validate(validateOptions));
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            showErrors();
            throw t;
        }

        assertEquals("XBeanAttrStr", testDoc.getTestattributeStr());
        assertEquals(1, testDoc.getTestattributeInt().intValue());
    }

    /**
     * value does not match fixed
     */
    public void testStringInvalidSpace() throws Exception {
        GlobalAttrFixedT testAtt =
                GlobalAttrFixedDocDocument.Factory.parse("<pre:GlobalAttrFixedDoc" +
                " xmlns:pre=\"http://xbean/scomp/attribute/GlobalAttrFixed\" " +
                "pre:testattributeStr=\" XBeanAttrStr \"/>").getGlobalAttrFixedDoc();
        String[] errExpected = new String[]{
             XmlErrorCodes.ATTR_LOCALLY_VALID$FIXED
        };
        assertTrue(!testAtt.validate(validateOptions));
        assertEquals(1, errorList.size());
        showErrors();
        assertTrue(compareErrorCodes(errExpected));

        //catch XmlExceptionHere;
    }

    public void testStringInvalidValue() throws Exception {
        GlobalAttrFixedT testAtt =
                GlobalAttrFixedDocDocument.Factory.parse("<pre:GlobalAttrFixedDoc" +
                " xmlns:pre=\"http://xbean/scomp/attribute/GlobalAttrFixed\" " +
                "pre:testattributeStr=\" foobar \" />").getGlobalAttrFixedDoc();
        String[] errExpected = new String[]{
            XmlErrorCodes.ATTR_LOCALLY_VALID$FIXED
        };
        assertTrue(!testAtt.validate(validateOptions));
        assertEquals(1, errorList.size());
        showErrors();
        assertTrue(compareErrorCodes(errExpected));

    }

    /**
     * Test empty string: should be preserved
     */
    public void testIntInvalidType() throws XmlException {
        GlobalAttrFixedT testAtt =
                GlobalAttrFixedDocDocument.Factory.parse("<pre:GlobalAttrFixedDoc" +
                " xmlns:pre=\"http://xbean/scomp/attribute/GlobalAttrFixed\" " +
                "pre:testattributeInt=\" foo \"/>").getGlobalAttrFixedDoc();

        assertTrue(!testAtt.validate(validateOptions));
        assertEquals(1, errorList.size());
        showErrors();
        String[] errExpected = new String[]{
            XmlErrorCodes.DECIMAL
        };
        assertTrue(compareErrorCodes(errExpected));

    }

    public void testIntInvalidValue() throws XmlException {
        GlobalAttrFixedT testAtt =
                GlobalAttrFixedDocDocument.Factory.parse("<pre:GlobalAttrFixedDoc" +
                " xmlns:pre=\"http://xbean/scomp/attribute/GlobalAttrFixed\" " +
                "pre:testattributeInt=\" 4 \"/>").getGlobalAttrFixedDoc();
        assertTrue(!testAtt.validate(validateOptions));
        assertEquals(1, errorList.size());
        showErrors();
        String[] errExpected = new String[]{
            XmlErrorCodes.ATTR_LOCALLY_VALID$FIXED
        };
        assertTrue(compareErrorCodes(errExpected));

    }

    public void testIntValidValue() throws Throwable {
        GlobalAttrFixedT testAtt =
                GlobalAttrFixedDocDocument.Factory.parse("<pre:GlobalAttrFixedDoc" +
                " xmlns:pre=\"http://xbean/scomp/attribute/GlobalAttrFixed\" " +
                "pre:testattributeInt=\" +01 \"/>").getGlobalAttrFixedDoc();
        try {
            assertTrue(testAtt.validate(validateOptions));
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            showErrors();
            throw t;
        }

        //catch XmlExceptionHere;
    }

    public void testSetValue() throws XmlException {
        GlobalAttrFixedDocDocument testAtt =
                GlobalAttrFixedDocDocument.Factory.newInstance();
        GlobalAttrFixedT testDoc = testAtt.addNewGlobalAttrFixedDoc();
        testDoc.setTestattributeInt(new BigInteger("5"));
        //shouldn't this fail?
        assertEquals(5, testDoc.getTestattributeInt().intValue());
        assertTrue(!testDoc.validate(validateOptions));
        assertEquals(1, errorList.size());
        showErrors();
        String[] errExpected = new String[]{
            XmlErrorCodes.ATTR_LOCALLY_VALID$FIXED};
        assertTrue(compareErrorCodes(errExpected));

    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


There are total 14 letters in Sternocoracoid, Starting with S and ending with D.
a.	- Of or pertaining to the sternum and the coracoid.
In Sternocoracoid S is 19th, T is 20th, E is 5th, R is 18th, N is 14th, O is 15th, C is 3rd, A is 1st, I is 9th, D is 4th letters in Alphabet Series.


text:
Hearst-Backed Personal Finance Service Manilla Set To Fold On July 1
by Aldrin Calimlim
Earlier today, Manilla was updated to version 5.0. Seeing as it's a "dot-oh" release, I was eager to find out what major new features had been added to the Hearst-backed personal finance app. Lo and behold, there were no new features at all. As it turns out, Manilla appears to be divesting itself of all of its features, along with itself. You see, Manilla 5.0 comes with the announcement that Manilla is shutting down on July 1. This announcement is echoed in the official Manilla blog:
We are announcing today that Manilla will be closing on July 1, 2014, and we are closing The Manilla Folder today. This was a hard decision given that, over the past three years, Manilla has won many awards and has been well supported by its valued user base. However, we were unable to achieve the scale necessary to make the economics of the business viable.
While new signups are no longer accepted by Manilla, existing users will have access to the Manilla service through June 30. The following day, July 1, Manilla will cease operating. If you're a Manilla user, you can download documents from the Manilla website and send documents to email or other apps using the Manilla mobile app through June 30. If you're so inclined, you can also deactivate your account before then. Unfortunately, in order to maintain the security of your data, you cannot move your Manilla account to another service. For more information, check out Manilla's FAQ. Are you sad about Manilla's imminent demise?
Mentioned apps
Manilla – Bill and Account Manager
Manilla LLC
Prepare For 'Beak Impact' As Rovio's Angry Birds Space Gets 'Biggest Update Ever'
Sweet! My Little Pony - Friendship Is Magic Updated With New Zone Plus More Goodies


The D2000 Tote Bag is hard working cotton tote and it's ideal for custom printing your designs, whether its for your company swag or team or school carry-all. It's also our most popular. Recommended for 1 colour custom prints.
Made of 12 oz 100% Natural Cotton Canvas, processed AZO-Free, with no hazardous chemicals. Measures 18" W x 15.5" H x 4" D. Cross stitch cotton webbed handles. Various colours. Minimum order of 25 totes.
Create a tote that stands apart with your custom printed design!


Includes Stainless Steel Band with extra link for sizing, link removal tools, pins and original black leather bands. The item "Galaxy Gear S3 Classic SS Case and Band with original Black Leather Band" is in sale since Sunday, February 3, 2019. This item is in the category "Cell Phones & Accessories\Smart Watches". The seller is "wrtfreeman1080" and is located in Oceanside, California.


text:
Longview Police Chief Mike Bishop speaks during a joint news conference with Gregg County Sheriff Maxey Cerliano on Monday at the Longview Police Department.
Les Hassell/News-Journal Photo
Gregg County Sheriff Maxey Cerliano speaks during a joint news conference with Longview Police Chief Mike Bishop on Monday at the Longview Police Department.
Gregg County Judge Bill Stoudt, left, Longview Mayor Andy Mack and Longview City Manager Keith Bonds listen during a joint press conference with the Longview Police Department and the Gregg County Sheriff's Office on Monday, August 27, 2018. (Les Hassell/News-Journal Photo)
Gregg County Sheriff Maxey Cerliano, left, and Longview Police Chief Mike Bishop prepare to make statements during a joint press conference Monday, August 27, 2018, at the Longview Police Department. (Les Hassell/News-Journal Photo)
Longview Police Chief Mike Bishop speaks during a joint press conference with Gregg County Sheriff Maxey Cerliano on Monday, August 27, 2018, at the Longview Police Department. (Les Hassell/News-Journal Photo)
Longview Police Department's Lt. Shane McCarter speaks during a press conference on Monday, August 27, 2018, at the Longview Police Department. (Les Hassell/News-Journal Photo)
Longview police and Gregg County Sheriff's officials announce Monday that a man in the Gregg County jail confessed to killing Felisha Pearson and an unidentified woman whose body was found in Gregg County in 2006.
Joseph Wayne Burnette
Confessed to pair of killings 12 years apart
Gregg County Jail
Felisha Pearson
Lavender Doe
Composite image
Police: Man confesses to 2018, 2006 killings of women in Gregg County
From staff reports
A Longview man has confessed to killing a woman whose body was found this past month in a wooded area in the city and to killing an unidentified woman in 2006, police announced Monday.
At a joint press conference, the Longview Police Department released information that showed Joseph Wayne Burnette, 41, confessed last Tuesday to killing Felisha Pearson, whose body was found in July off Birdsong Street in Longview. Gregg County Sheriff Maxey Cerliano said Burnette also confessed to the murder of a woman in Gregg County in 2006, known as "Lavender Doe" because the woman has not been identified.
Information relating to the murders of Pearson and Lavender Doe was presented to a grand jury Thursday, Longview Police Chief Mike Bishop said. Longview police and the Gregg County Sheriff's Office were notified Monday morning that there was a grand jury indictment for Burnette.
Burnette was initially held in the Gregg County Jail on a $500,000 bond on a charge of failure to register as a sex offender. Burnette's bonds now total $2.5 million in bonds, after $1 million in bonds for each murder charge were added. Cerliano said Burnette is on suicide watch at the county jail.
Because Burnette was jailed from July 2007 to February 2017, Bishop said he "(does) not have any reason to believe he was involved with any additional death investigations."
Pearson's mother reported her missing July 19 to Longview police "under unusual circumstances," Bishop said.
"(Her mother) originally believed that Felisha was last seen at the Contessa Inn on July 15 with Joseph Wayne Burnette. Our investigation revealed that Felisha had not been at this location," he said.
On July 20, Longview police started a joint investigation with the Gregg County Sheriff's Office, Bishop said. The Gregg County Sheriff's Office found during the investigation that Burnette had not registered as a sex offender and a warrant was issued for his arrest on July 24, the same day Pearson's body was found.
Burnette was arrested July 25 in Upshur County and interviewed by Longview police detectives the same day, he said.
"The investigation has been ongoing since the day Felisha Pearson was listed as missing. Detectives and officers in both agencies have continued to gather evidence and put all of the pieces together in order to present a case to the Gregg County District Attorney's Office," Bishop said. "On Aug. 21, Burnette gave a full confession, which corroborated the investigation's facts of the death of Felisha Pearson."
On Oct. 29, 2006, two men on an oil lease found the body of a woman, now known as Lavender Doe, off Fritz Swanson Road north of Texas 31, Cerliano said. Investigators named Burnette as a person of interest based on evidence found at the crime scene, he said.
"On the day of the murder, we believe that Lavender Doe was possibly at the Walmart Supercenter on Fourth Street in Longview. She was possibly walking the parking lot by the lawn and garden area and may have been soliciting customers as they entered and exited the store trying to sell the items from a brochure," Cerliano said.
Cerliano said Burnette also "gave a full confession" to the murder of Lavender Doe this past week.
"The Gregg County Sheriff's Office is still committed to identifying Lavender Doe. Information gained about Lavender Doe's identity during Burnette's confession was limited but may assist investigators in the future to identify her," Cerliano said.
Lavender Doe is described as a woman in her late teens or early 20s with reddish blond or light brown hair, about 5 feet, 2 inches tall and 100 to 120 pounds, Cerliano said. She was wearing blue jeans and a violet/maroon sweater. She might have had the first name or have gone by Ashley.
Anyone with information about Lavender Doe's identity is asked to contact Gregg County Lt. Eddie Hope. The main number is (903) 236-8400.


!! OMG, better than Beyonce? 'Love on Top' cover !!
I know this ain't exactly new, but I just had to related how mesmerized I am by this "Love On Top" Beyonce cover. Like, B herself would have to admit to losing her breath over how amazing Syesha is — and a cappella at that!
Be the first to comment on "OMG, better than Beyonce? 'Love on Top' cover"


text:
Aberdeen, Lifestyle
Small things make a big difference to Community Groups
Advertisement Feature in association with the Aviva Community Fund
Across the UK, community projects work tirelessly with often very little resources to help change and improve their local areas and services. This is something that I have seen first-hand through my own involvement over the years with various groups on both a personal and professional basis. Personally, I've been involved in a number of groups as my kids have grown up from toddlers to playgroup, PTA and out of school club, uniformed organisations, sports clubs and more. I've also volunteered for wonderful causes including the environment, cancer care, family support and running. Professionally I've worked with a number of fantastic organisations on food education projects for adults, children and disadvantaged groups. All of these initiatives help make a lasting difference and bring communities together.
The Aviva Community Fund supports and celebrates groups that make a big difference by working hard in the community. Support, practical advice and funding from £1,000 up to £25,000 is available across three categories of projects – environmental, health & wellbeing and skills for life. The Aviva Community Fund is now in its fourth year. Since it began there have been more than 15,000 entrants and more than 2,000 winners who have benefited from funding to allow them to continue the great work they do in their local communities.
The Aviva Community Fund works by inviting members of the community to submit an idea, big or small that will make a real difference to a local group, charity or cause that they are passionate about.
To find out exactly how small things can make a big difference I paid a visit to Future Choices in Aberdeen who were awarded £1,000 in 2016. Based at Inchgarth Community Centre, the group meet on a Tuesday and provide a lifeline to people with disabilities across Aberdeen who would not otherwise have contact with the outside world. Celebrating their 10th Anniversary this year they have over 80 members on their books (thankfully they don't all turn up to each session!) Getting people to the centre is a logistical conundrum in itself, with minibuses heading out to the north and south of the city to provide transport. A vital team of volunteers facilitate and support the popular weekly sessions which simply couldn't be run without their commitment.
The funding they received from the Aviva Community Fund has been used to purchase a range of disabled friendly games comprising of giant and inflatable versions of bowling, hoopla, snakes and ladders and scrabble. Chairman David Forbes told me how delighted Future Choices were to have been awarded the funding and how the simplified application process made it so much easier to apply for than more traditional sources. He admitted that they never expected to get it but were heartened by how the whole community rallied around to cast votes for them and how the power of social media quickly enabled them to reach out to their supporters.
I quickly learned that when members come to Future Choices they leave their disabilities at the door. There's a real buzz and friendly vibe in the room and a selection of different activities taking place. Dominoes, papercrafts, board games, knitting and sewing; with some members taking part in group activities and others working individually. One of the highlights of the session is lunch. This is, for many, the only opportunity they have to socialise over a meal.
It didn't take long before I was embroiled in a highly competitive game of bowling. It was clear to see how much enjoyment these games bring. Their size meant that they were accessible, by all, no matter what their ability. Much hilarity, great banter, erratic scorekeeping, perhaps a wee bit of cheating but all in good humour. What initially looks like a pretty simplistic game actually helps with social skills, physical activity and promotes self-esteem. Equal hilarity with hoopla and I won't even mention the chaos that ensued with snakes and ladders!
Now it's up to YOU to do a small thing that can make a big difference. This can be done in many ways, perhaps by dedicating your time and energy to a community group close to your heart. Even easier is to cast a vote for a group to win. Get Voting for your favourite projects before the deadline of 20th November. Once you register, you'll get 10 votes. These can be spread around, or all used to support one project – it's your choice. But use them wisely. Once you use a vote, you can't take it back.
When voting closes the 400 projects with the most votes in £1,000 funding level will receive the funding they've applied for. The projects with the highest number of votes that have applied for over £1,000 of funding will be become finalists to go through to the judging phase where, if they are selected, they will be awarded funding in early 2019.
With just a couple of clicks you can join the hundreds of UK community groups that are making a real difference with lasting impact. Cast your votes now at at.aviva.uk/GetVoting
HRH Prince Charles - Groussaka (Grouse Moussaka)
Gin Cranberry Sauce
Small things make a big difference to Community Gr...
Ten must try snacks and drinks at Universal Orland...


text:
Northern Michigan University Wildcats hockey team outlasts Bowling Green State Falcons in Saturday shootout
MARQUETTE — It won't go on the official record books as a win, but nevertheless, the Northern Michigan University hockey team picked up two points after coming out victorious in a shootout against Bowling Green State on Saturday evening.
Officially, the teams skated to a 3-3 tie, which is what the score was after overtime. But the Wildcats will know that AJ Vanderbeck and Mikey Colella scored goals in the shootout while goalie Rico DiMatteo only let in one "penalty shot" for a 2-1 victory in the shootout and the extra point in the standings. Colella notched the game-winner.
While regulation victories are worth three points and regulation losses zero points, an overtime or shootout win is worth two points and an OT or shootout loss gets one point.
The Wildcats moved into a tie for second place in the CCHA with Bemidji State with 18 points at 8-6-1 overall and 6-5-1 in the league, though NMU has played either two or four more league games than every other CCHA team.
Five of the Saturday's six regulation goals came in a pair of short bursts.
Following a scoreless first period, the teams combined for three goals in 2:09 before the second period was six minutes old.
NMU sophomore forward Mack Byers extended his career-long goal and point streaks to three games with a goal 3:20 into the period. He shot it through the five-hole after skating the puck through the offensive zone and ripping a shot from the near faceoff dot, according to an account from NMU Sports Information. Bo Hanson earned an assist.
Then the Falcons erased their deficit and took the lead with goals barely a minute apart and barely a minute after Byers scored. After a series of shots, Sam Craggs tied it 1-1 at 4:26 before Spencer Schneider scored after a weird bounce following a lifted backhand shot at 5:29.
It prompted a change in the NMU net from freshman Charlie Glockner to DiMatteo.
Late in the second, the only score that wasn't part of a multigoal flurry tied the game 2-2 when Vanderbeck got one in with 3:07 left.
Teammate Hank Crone skated along the boards before sending a pass to Vanderbeck in the slot. The team's leading scorer fired a wrist shot as Trevor Cosgrove also picked up an assist, according to NMU SI.
In the third period, the Wildcats retook the lead with 7:34 left on a goal by Andre Ghantous that was assisted by Joseph Nardi and Cosgrove. Ghantous carried the puck over the blue line on a rush, passing it to Nardi, who was out front. Nardi then sent a blind pass back to Ghantous, who lifted the puck over BGSU goalie Christian Stoever.
But the Falcons (7-4-3, 5-4-1 CCHA) needed just 34 seconds to answer with the game-tying goal scored by T.J. Lloyd in front of DiMatteo.
Glockner finished with 10 saves in about 25 minutes between the pipes, while DiMatteo had 18, including five in overtime. Stoever made 31 saves, including 14 in the second period and one in OT.
Northern's Ben Newhouse blocked a team-high four shots, giving him 50 for the season as he has been among the nation's leaders.
Next up for the Wildcats is a nonconference series at home against Minnesota-Duluth at 6:30 p.m. both Friday and Saturday.
Friday's game will be Rock Your Socks Night at the BEC with fans encouraged to bring new socks to toss on the ice during the first intermission to be given to a local charity.
At Saturday's game, The Mining Journal and the NMU Student-Athlete Advisory Committee will partner for the annual Teddy Bear Toss. Similar to the previous night, fans can bring new stuffed toys to toss on the ice during the first intermission and be given to a local charity.
Information compiled by Journal Sports Editor Steve Brownlee. His email address is sbrownlee@miningjournal.net.
Nick Wagner's game winner falls short as Northern Michigan University men's basketball team loses by 2, 87-85, at Saginaw Valley State
Northern Michigan University Wildcats' Hank Crone, Joseph Nardi nominated for college hockey's top honor, Hobey Baker Award
Northern Michigan University Wildcats hockey team hosts No. 1 Minnesota State-Mankato this weekend
Kjetil Baanerud leads Northern Michigan University skiers in Utah
MIDWAY, Utah — With a number of skiers unable to participate due to health and safety guidelines, several ...
Northern Michigan University has another women's basketball game postponed tonight
MARQUETTE — Northern Michigan University has lost its third straight women's basketball game, not on the ...
3-time award winner: Northern Michigan University senior hockey player Trevor Cosgrove adds to personal CCHA Defenseman of the Week list


Members of the Chicago Police Department work at the scene of an incident involving two party buses where shots were fired in the 600 block of North Clark Street on Sept. 3, 2016.
Police said groups on separate party buses were arguing with each other when someone pulled a gun and fired into the air about 1:30 a.m. in the 600 block of North Clark Street.
Responding officers found a gun and took a person into custody. Two party buses sat parked outside the McDonald's while some of the occupants were detained.
Charges are pending, police said, and the investigation is ongoing.


INGREDIENTS BELOW! :) If you like chocolate cake then you will love this recipe. I decided to make this cake as a single tall layer for my sons birthday. If you prefer to bake in a 9x13 cake pan then adjust the oven temp to 350 degrees Fahrenheit and bake for 30 to 35 minutes or until your toothpick comes out clean.
* If you choose not to use coffee be sure to replace coffee with extra milk.


text:
Dev behind 'Splitgate' valued at a mind-boggling $1.5 billion
That's one-fifth of Bethesda
Steven T. Wright
Maybe you haven't heard of Splitgate, but it's likely that your 13-year-old nephew has. The teleportation-fuelled arena shooter that is often described as "Halo meets Portal'' isn't exactly a household name yet, but that didn't stop investors from valuing the studio behind the game at an astronomical $1.5 billion as part of a $100 million round of investment. Not bad for a free game that started as a student project at Stanford.
It's no secret that the video game industry is bigger than ever, but it's sometimes difficult to measure what exactly "big" means in this context. A lot of people still tend to think of "big" video games as the mammoth open-world games that take a constellation of worldwide studios 3-5 years to make, like Assassin's Creeds of the world, or the recently-revealed God of War: Ragnarok. While it's true that those games can and do make a lot of money — according to one source, the 2018 God of War's revenue exceeded $500 million — online multiplayer games like Fortnite and "casual" games in the mobile space can make a lot more money than people realize.
Orders of magnitude — For example, as part of Epic Games' high-profile antitrust case against Apple, the publisher revealed that Fortnite made more than $9 billion in revenue in its first two years, eighteen times God of War's revenue estimate. That's a tremendous amount of money for just one game to make, but it's still chump change compared to the biggest players in the industry.
Over the past few months, in the wake of some controversial anti-tech moves by the Chinese government, gaming giant Tencent — which happens to own a 40% stake in Epic Games, by the way — has experienced some major fluctuations in its stock price. Back in July, the company's stock price went down by 23%, which erased a staggering $170 billion of value in just one month. If you follow games, you probably know that Tencent owns a piece of a lot of the biggest properties in the space, but it's hard to overestimate just how massive a presence it has in the industry right now. Then again, given that the Chinese government appears to be seriously questioning the social value of video games, that importance may be more tenuous than people realize.
Fuzzy math — It might seem a little strange that Splitgate developer 1047 Games — which is, after all, a fledgling studio in many respects — has been valued at $1.5 billion. As we noted above, that's 1/5th of the $7.5 billion that Microsoft paid for notable gaming publisher Bethesda and its child studios earlier this year, which includes Doom and Quake developer id Software. Then again, while it's clear that Splitgate is quite a hit with over thirteen million downloads, there are reasons to think that game company valuations are maybe not the most reliable measures out there.
In a recent piece for VentureBeat, journalist Dean Takahashi points out that game valuations are much more fluid than many gamers realize. For example, Discord was "valued" at $7 billion last year, but when Microsoft reached out to the company about a potential acquisition, the numbers they discussed were more like $10 billion — and some investors think it's worth even more than that. But it's also clear that newer companies are almost always valued higher than more-established companies, which is why Roblox is currently sitting at $54.9 billion while EA is at $40.6 billion.
So, the next time you see an eye-grabbing headline about a splashy valuation of a new company, maybe think twice before you believe the numbers.


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Boko Haram: Depressed Soldier kills Officer in Borno
By Elohor Igbru
Tragedy struck yesterday in Bama, Borno state as a trooper of the Nigerian Army serving in 202 Battalion of 21 Special Armoured Brigade Bama, went beserk, shot and killed an officer (a Subaltern).
In a statement released by the Acting Director, Army Public Relations, Col Sagir Musa, the incident happened when the soldier approached the officer who was standing infront of the Unit's Headquarters making a phone call.
According to Musa, the soldier has been arrested and in custody undergoing investigation while the general situation in the unit is calm.
The remains of the deceased officer have also been evacuated to 7 Division Medical Services and Hospital while investigation into the case has since been instituted to determine the circumstances that led to the unfortunate incident.
While the family of the deceased has already been contacted, the incident raises a lot of questions about how the Nigerian Army leadership has been prosecuting the war against Boko Haram.
Kaduna bandits want N10m to release Obadiah's corpse, after receiving N3m before his death
By Ademola Adeleye In early October, Obadiah Ibrahim was returning from Abuja to Kaduna, but his journey ended earlier than schedule when he was abducted by bandits at Sabon Gaya in Kaduna. That was when the nightmare for him...
Terrorism: We are reviewing current operations, says NAF
By Elohor Igbru The Nigerian Air Force (NAF) says it is reviewing its current operations in the joint operations with other security agencies in the fight against insurgency in the northeastern part of the country. This is to restrategise...
Explosion throws Jalingo into panic
By Muhammed Gado An explosion on Sunday threw residents of Jalingo, the capital of Taraba state into panic as people scuttle for safety, thinking it may be a bomb attack by terrorists. Many of the residents of the Jalingo...
Who killed these two lovers in Kwara?
By InfactNG Who or what could have killed two lovers in the middle of a love making session in Malete Kwara state? This is the question the police and the family of the deceased are asking and no answers...


This 45 minute class introduces older 3 y.o. to 4 y.o. children to the most basic gymnastics concepts with a focus on fun–filled fitness while encouraging the development of social skills such as listening, taking turns, and cooperation. Activities incorporate naming colors, shapes, numbers, and body parts while learning basic positions, body shapes, and skills.


Today, when someone leaves a comment or suggestion on one of your Google documents, spreadsheets, or presentations, you receive an email notification. With this update, you can now choose to receive comment notifications on your Android device and web browser as well.
Notifications will follow the same rules as your existing notification settings, so there's no need to update settings. Web browser notifications are controlled in the Drive settings menu and are off by default.
Note: You will only receive Android notifications if you have the latest Google Drive for Android app.


Nestled in the historic zone of Aljezur, this cosy holiday cottage has been renovated to a high standard with with panoramic views of Aljezur and Monchique mountains. It is only a few minutes' walk from all amenities, such as cafes, restaurants, bakery, museums, shops, laundrette and veggie & fish market. 10 min. by car to the beaches of Amoreira, Arrifana and Monté Clérigo.
Pricelist per week for 5 pers.


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Миралибеков Ниятбек Миралибекович (9 мая 1940 — 13 декабря 2007) — советский, таджикский учёный-зоолог, растениевод, кандидат биологических наук, полевой исследователь, директор Памирского Ботанического сада им. А. В. Гурского Памирского биологического института им. академика Х. Ю. Юсуфбекова (ПБИ) Академии наук Республики Таджикистан.

Биография
Миралибеков Ниятбек родился 9 мая 1940 года в кишлаке Миденшор сельсовета Поршинев Шугнанского района Горно-Бадахшанской автономной области (ГБАО) Таджикской ССР в семье председателя колхоза «Социализм» Юсуфбекова Миралибека. Здесь же в 1958 г. окончил среднюю школу № 1 им. Социализма. В том же году после окончания средней школы поступил на агрономический факультет Таджикского сельскохозяйственного института, где по окончании в 1963 г. получил квалификацию ученого агронома.

С 1963 по 1965 год работал агрономом в колхозе «Ватан» Шугнанского района.

С 1965 по 1966 год служил в Советской армии. Член КПСС с 1966 года.

С ноября 1966 по ноябрь 1969 года учился в очной аспирантуре при Институте ботаники АН Таджикской ССР.

В 1974 году Н. М. Миралибеков получил степень кандидата биологических наук, защитив диссертацию «Насекомые-вредители плодовых культур на Западном Памире и научные основы борьбы с ними».

С 1970 по 1974 год работал младшим научным сотрудником АН Таджикской ССР.

С 1974 по 1979 год работал старшим научным сотрудником ПБИ АН Таджикской ССР.

С 1979 по 1999 год — директор Памирского ботанического сада им. А. В. Гурского Памирского биологического института им. академика Х. Ю. Юсуфбекова АН Таджикской ССР (АН Республики Таджикистан с 1991),

С 1999 по 2003 год — заместитель директора Памирского ботанического сада им. А. В. Гурского Памирского биологического института им. академика Х. Ю. Юсуфбекова АН Республики Таджикистан,

С 2003 по 2007 год — директор Памирского ботанического сада им. А. В. Гурского Памирского биологического института им. академика Х. Ю. Юсуфбекова АН Республики Таджикистан.

Наряду с организационными работами на должности директора Памирского ботанического сада (с 1979 г.), проводил исследования по зоологии (систематически поддерживал связи с производством — Горно-Бадахшанским лесхозом и совхозами, оказывал практическую помощь по ликвидации очагов массовых вспышек вредителей), растениеводству и интродукции растений. За годы руководства Н. М. Миралибекова в три раза увеличилась площадь коллекционных растений мировой флоры, сад насчитывает более 4 тысяч видов древесных и травянистых растений почти со всех регионов мира, которые располагаются по ботанико-географическому принципу, разбиты на 5 флористических отделов: Средней и Восточной Азии, Европы и Кавказа, Северной Америки, Гималаев и Гиндукуша. С учетом экологических особенностей видов растений и согласно специфики объектов исследований в ботаническом саду сформированы 3 группы: дендрологии, кормовых и лекарственных растений, цветоводства. За годы его работы значительно расширились интродукционные работы, в результате в Памирском ботаническом саду пополнился список клубнеплодов, бахчевых, овощных, древесно-кустарниковых пород и плодовых культур, родиной которых является Дальний Восток и Восточная Азия. Налажен был обмен семян высокогорной флоры с 170 адресатами из бывших республик Советского Союза и около 200 адресатами из 40 ботанических центров Европы, в том числе из ФРГ, Норвегии, Дании, Голландии, Чехословакии, а также Канады, США и других стран мира.

Участвовал в программных комитетах на крупных международных конференциях и симпозиумах и выступал с докладами («Актуальные проблемы экологии высокогорий», «Экологические особенности биологического разнообразия») в Самарканде, Ташкенте, Ашхабаде, Бишкеке, Нукусе, Душанбе и Хороге.

Проводил семинары, читал лекции в Университете Центральной Азии Ага-Хана в г. Хороге, в том числе по теме «Защита древесных растений от вредителей».

Автор более 120 научных и научно-популярных работ и рекомендаций по растениеводству, озеленению и защите растений (плодовых и овощебахчевых культур ГБАО от вредных насекомых) которые внедрены в производство.

Ниятбек Миралибекович Миралибеков скончался 13 декабря 2007 года по дороге из г. Душанбе в Хорог в возрасте 67 лет.

Награды
За долголетний добросовестный труд, за вклад в науку, участие в общественной жизни и подготовке кадров награждён:
 Медалью «Ветеран труда» Президиума Верховного Совета СССР (1989);
 Почетной грамотой Председателя Хукумата ГБАО Республики Таджикистан (2004);
 Почетной грамотой Президиума Горно-Бадахшанского Облсовпрофа (1990);
 «Победитель социалистического соревнования 1978 года» (1979).

Семья
Жена: Абдулкаримова Давлатбегим (род. 1945) — работала учителем в средней школе № 12 сельсовета Поршинев Шугнанского района ГБАО.
Дети: Миралибекова Мавджуда Ниятбековна (род. 1968) — преподаватель Высшего пограничного училища ГУ ПВ ГКНБ РТ; Миралибеков Шабоз Ниятбекович (род. 1970) — вице-президент Альянса горных общин Центральной Азии (АГОЦА); Миралибекова Шаноз Ниятбековна (род. 1970) — бухгалтер Худжандского филиала ЗАО «Первый микрофинансовый банк» в Таджикистане; Миралибеков Манучехр Ниятбекович (род. 1973) — географ-эколог по образованию; Миралибекова Мавлуда Ниятбековна (род. 1982) — семейный врач поликлиники № 1 г. Душанбе.
Брат: Баходур Миралибеков (род. 1950) — советский, таджикский актёр театра и кино, режиссёр-постановщик, член Союза кинематографистов СССР (1990), Народный артист Республики Таджикистан, главный режиссёр Государственного русского драматического театра им. В. Маяковского.

Память
9 мая 2016 г. в эфире круглосуточного Государственного информационного телеканала «Джахоннамо» в аналитической программе «Календарь дня» по случаю годовщины со дня рождения был показан видеоматериал о жизнедеятельности Н. М. Миралибекова — советского, таджикского учёного-зоолога, растениевода, кандидата биологических наук, директора Памирского Ботанического сада Памирского биологического института им. академика Х. Ю. Юсуфбекова ().

Некоторые публикации

  (Точность классификатора и Методика составления карты: Миралибеков, 1986)

Литература

Ссылки

«В девяностые годы, во время гражданской войны в Таджикистане, уникальные породы сада могли пойти под сруб из-за отсутствия электроэнергии в Хороге. В то время директор ботсада Ниятбек Миралибеков отстоял его, рискуя жизнью, так как к нему не раз приезжали боевики с автоматами и угрожали. Миралибеков, проработавший на этом поприще более 20 лет, был действительно патриотом своего дела, так как половину коллекции сада создавал он сам …»

  (Точность классификатора и Методика составления карты: Миралибеков, 1986)
 ЦТ Юрий Сенкевич об экспедиции Клуб путешественников на Памир (). В передаче принимают участие: … Миралибеков Ниятбек (''О главных направлениях работы Памирского ботанического сада рассказывает директор, кандидат биологических наук Н. М. Миралибеков —  (Передача снималась на Памире в августе 1983 года)). Дата эфира — 30.04.1984 г.

Примечания

Похороненные в Поршиневе
Выпускники Таджикского аграрного университета
Учёные Таджикистана
Члены КПСС
Биологи Таджикистана
Растениеводы Таджикистана
Энтомологи Таджикистана


This Year's Summer Learning Challenge Encourages Kids to Travel on Planes, Trains, Automobiles…and Even Time Travel.
While you power along with Rachel Platten's "Fight Song" on 93.9 MYfm, expect to hear a radio ad about children's learning programs that are funded by donors to the Chicago Public Library Foundation.
Chicago Public Library's Largest Book Giveaway Ever: One Million Free Books for Rahm's Readers Summer Learning Challenge.
The lack of digital readiness is a big problem. The Chicago Public Library has taken steps to address that. Now it's time for the next phase.


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The Shaw Prize in Astronomy 2018 is awarded to Jean-Loup Puget, of the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS) of CNRS and the University of Paris-Sud 11 for his contributions to astronomy in the infrared to submillimeter spectral range. He detected the cosmic far-infrared background from past star-forming galaxies, and proposed aromatic hydrocarbon molecules as a constituent of interstellar matter. With the Planck space mission, for which he is the Principal Investigator of the High Frequency Instrument (HFI), he has dramatically advanced our knowledge of cosmology in the presence of interstellar matter foregrounds.
The infrared-to-submillimetre spectral range offers a unique window on the universe. Such radiation can pierce the obscuring material in the interstellar medium, while also probing the nature of that material. The longest wavelengths within this range, near 1 mm, also give information on conditions when the universe was around 400,000 years old, via the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Jean-Loup Puget has made pivotal contributions to all these areas.
Léger and Puget (1984) used spectral features in interstellar dust between 3 and 12 microns to argue for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in addition to solid dust grains as a major constituent of the interstellar medium.
Small dust grains are heated when they absorb ultraviolet radiation, and re-emit in the far infrared. The total intensity of such emission measures cosmic star formation, integrated over the entire history of the universe. The resulting 100-micron background was first detected by Puget et al. (1996).
The culmination of Puget's work, building on his technical and scientific knowledge of far-infrared/submillimetre/millimetre astronomy, has been his leadership of the development and scientific exploitation of the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) on the European Space Agency's Planck satellite. Between 2009 and 2013, Puget and his international team used HFI's novel cryogenic sensors to measure the CMB plus the foreground emission due to the Milky Way's dust and gas with superb sensitivity between 350 microns and 3 mm. By working at these short wavelengths, HFI has studied the CMB with an angular resolution three times better than any alternative all-sky CMB map. HFI is also uniquely sensitive to foreground dust emission, which dominates at short wavelengths. The ability to separate foregrounds was critical to the Planck results, which measure the cosmological parameters to exquisite precision — for example, the total density of dark matter is measured to 2% accuracy.
These precise results potentially allow us to probe within a small fraction of one second after the Big Bang, in the hypothesized inflationary era, when amplified quantum fluctuations may have created both the initial density fluctuations and relic gravitational waves. The gravitational waves would induce very weak distortions of the CMB, and their detection is challenging due to possible confusion with dust foreground emission. Planck's precise foreground separation showed that the true level of primordial gravitational waves must lie below the predictions of the simplest inflationary models. It also showed that the density fluctuations are purely gaussian, with no detectable phase correlations. At a stroke, these results removed large classes of inflation theories from consideration. We thus still lack definitive evidence that inflation happened, and what exactly caused it — but we now know a great deal about what it is not.
Today, the universe expands in an accelerating manner. If Einstein's relativistic theory of gravity is correct, this requires a non-zero vacuum energy density. Alternatively, the acceleration may indicate a modification of the strength of gravity on large scales, in which case density fluctuations in the universe would develop at a non-standard rate. Planck can test for this effect, because the CMB radiation is deflected by intervening mass fluctuations. This gravitational lensing effect has been mapped comprehensively by Planck, and matches the expectations of standard gravity. This work nicely closes a loop on Puget's career, since the inferred foreground mass concentrations correlate in position with fluctuations in the far-infrared background: the dusty star forming galaxies whose integrated effect was first found by Puget more than two decades ago.
Finally, the CMB detects scattering due to ionized gas that is created by the first stars and quasars. The latest Planck data indicate that the onset of this reionization era was more recent than previously supposed: within the last factor of ten of the cosmic expansion. This result complements the far-infrared background's measurement of total energy release, closing in on a complete picture of the history of cosmic star formation.


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Ethiopia marks 23rd anniversary of the downfall of Dergue regime
The Government and people of Ethiopia have commemorated the 23rd anniversary of the country's adoption of modern democratic principles and structures.
On May 28th 1991, 'Ginbot 20' rebels from the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) marched into Addis Ababa virtually unchallenged to mark their overthrow of the dictatorial communist government led by Hailemariam Mengistu.
This day, dubbed 'National Day', has since been celebrated in the country as an important milestone in its colourful history. Hundreds of people are reported to have gathered at the Addis Ababa stadium for an event to mark this milestone on Wednesday; where officials underscored the governments' achievements and future plans. Nonetheless, many Ethiopians remain indifferent to the significance of this day.
The EPRDF has since been accused of committing the same crimes as its despised predecessor.
An Ethiopian pundit, Dimetros Birku, in a commentary on the occasion, explains that "Theoretically, and in retrospect, the day was meant to represent transformation from a repressive military rule to a democratic civilian government. Unfortunately, the then "liberating" guerilla force did not take much time when it turned itself into a regime at par with the collapsed military rule- almost by all measures of repression."
While the Ethiopian government has made many commendable strides in health, power, agriculture and transportation, many pundits have questioned the real extent of the country's loudly trumpeted economic growth. The government has also been charged with totalitarianism and adopting repressive strategies to control dissent.
The United States Department of State has extended a congratulatory to Ethiopia on this momentous anniversary. Reports indicate that Ethiopians across the world have also marked the occasion.
Photo/Tigrai Online
Kofi Saa


The basic idea behind the tourbillon is to take the escapement and put it in a mechanically driven mount (or a group of nested mounts, in the case of the family of orbital tourbillons) in order to create a single average rate in all the vertical positions — and in many instances, to create a spectacular visual effect as well.
However, there's another way to attack the problem. One of the criticisms levied at the tourbillon as a solution to the problem of rate variation in the vertical (or hanging) positions, is that it only creates an average of errors — it doesn't do anything about the errors themselves. Even those fascinated by the tourbillon agree that for it to live up to its chronometric promise, it needs to be adjusted with great care.
While mass-production methods now mean that it's possible to buy a tourbillon watch for less than US$2,000, a very well-made, well-adjusted tourbillon that gives excellent performance remains a rarity, and the greater complexity of tourbillons and multi-axis tourbillons mean, as Greubel Forsey's Stephen Forsey once remarked to us, that "it's always a struggle to gain more than you lose".
Ingenious minds have considered the problem, however, and they have come up with a solution that is perhaps even more radical than the tourbillon. What if, the thought goes, you construct a watch in which there is no change in the position of the escapement, no matter what position the watch is in?
Like the tourbillon, it's an idea with precedents. The basic solution is to put the timepiece in a gimballed mount so that no matter how it's positioned, gravity always puts the watch or clock in the same position. Gimbal mounts are sometimes called Cardan suspension systems after Italian inventor Gerolamo Cardano (1501–1576), but the idea goes all the way back to ancient Greece: Philo of Byzantium, two centuries before Christ, described a gimbal system for holding an ink-pot upright. Such systems were then used extensively in marine navigation, first to hold compasses flat, and then for marine chronometers.
It's the marine chronometer that inspired Zenith's Christophe Colomb watch, probably one of the most delightfully distracting watches in the world. The Christophe Colomb is, in many respects, a very traditionally styled watch, replete with design cues designed to seduce with a promise of old-school chronometric excellence and high precision on which you wouldn't hesitate to bet the fate of a ship at sea. The eye, however, is arrested by the large spherical enclosure formed by two domes — one in the upper crystal and one slightly smaller in the sapphire caseback — which contains a gimbal system in which the escapement beats at the fast pace of the El Primero family of movements (36,000vph).
Both the fast beat and the gimbal in which the escapement components and balance are mounted conspire to give the Christophe Colomb one of the most impressively stable rates we've ever seen in a watch. Zenith, with pardonable pride, has produced a video showing the results of positional tests of the watch on a professional timing machine, and the rate of the watch shows no variation at all.
The Christophe Colomb is a final refinement of the watch that was first introduced as a concept piece by Zenith in 2008 and which was originally called, perhaps regrettably, the Zero-G Tourbillon; the watch is emphatically not a tourbillon; and as a matter of fact, the way in which it is not is the whole point of the watch. (Misconceptions continue to stick to this watch, though. It's been referred to as "gyroscopic" in some quarters and it's no more a gyroscope than it is a tourbillon; the misunderstanding arises from the fact that gyroscopes in inertial navigation systems are mounted in Cardano/gimbal suspensions.) The most recent version of the Christophe Colomb ups the ante of exoticism even further and adds an additional touch of romance with the addition of an indication for the equation of time.
In the same spirit is a watch released last year by Cartier, and the product of what surely must be one of the most creative horological minds of our time: Carole Forestier-Kasapi (it is hard to avoid concluding that if you happen to find an unusual tourbillon nowadays, there are better than even odds that Carole had something to do with it). The Cartier Astrorégulateur is in the same lineage as the Christophe Colomb, in that it places the escapement on a mobile platform which is self-levelling, thanks to the fact that it swings freely on its mounting and is always under the influence of gravity. What makes the Astrorégulateur unique, however, is that the fourth wheel, escape wheel, escapement and balance wheel are all mounted on the micro-rotor that winds the automatic-winding system, which is located on the front of the movement and is visible through a large aperture in the dial, underneath a gorgeously black-polished steel bridge.
The bridge is reminiscent of the upper bridge that holds the cage of a classic tourbillon in place, but of course the Astrorégulateur is not a tourbillon, but a piece of horological trompe-l'œil artistry that provokes the same how'd-they-do-that wonderment as Cartier's famous mystery clocks. Adding to the effect is the fact that the seconds hand is coordinated not with a seconds track on the dial, but rather with a seconds track on the swinging rotor — this is possible thanks to the fact that the fourth wheel in the going train is mounted on the mobile platform rather than on the fixed plate.
The question for the Christophe Colomb and the Astrorégulateur, is this: how do you get constant power across the discontinuity in the power flow created by the movement of the suspension system? The solution employed by each of these very unusual watches is to interpose a differential between the fixed mainplate and the moving escapement. The differential mechanically "subtracts" the motion of the suspension system — whether it's a swinging winding mass or a Cardano-style gimbal mount — and ensures that an even power flow will keep the balance beating properly.


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How rich is Switzerland star Haris Seferovic? net worth, wife, kids
December 1, 2022 Ulca Net Worth Relationship Salary
Finally, the wait is over! The much-anticipated 2022 World Cup has gotten off to a cracking start. The event started in Qatar from November 20 to December 18, 2022. This is the first World Cup to be held in the Arab world. Haris Seferovic, a striker for Süper Lig club Galatasaray, on loan from Portuguese club Benfica, is representing Switzerland in FIFA 2022. On Nov. 24, his teammate Embolo scored the game's first and only goal against Cameroon in Switzerland's first 2022 FIFA World Cup match.
On November 28, Brazil defeated Switzerland 1-0, with Casemiro scoring the only goal. Switzerland has the opportunity to extend their stay in Qatar beyond the group stages when they face Serbia in a World Cup Group G match on Saturday, Dec. 3, at the Al Thumama Stadium. There is much more to talk about Haris Seferovic net worth, salary, contract, girlfriend , and family. Stay tuned with us.
1 How much is Haris Seferovic net worth & salary before FIFA 2022? Current contract
2 When and where the great athlete was born? Who is his father? Age, Ethnicity, Education
3 Who is Haris Seferovic wife Amina Seferovic? How long Seferovic and Amina are together? Children
How much is Haris Seferovic net worth & salary before FIFA 2022? Current contract
Haris Seferovic net worth: He has had an outstanding career for almost a decade. As a football player, Seferovic's talent and hard work have garnered him a lot of money and fame. Haris Seferovic net worth is more than €10 Million. The handsome footballer has also accumulated a sizable wealth, including game prize money, endorsements, and partnerships. His current market value is €6.00m.
He is currently on loan from Portuguese club Benfica and the Swiss national team to Süper Lig club Galatasaray. Seferovic joined Galatasaray on a season-long loan for €1 million on June 19, 2022, with the option to make the move permanent for €2.5 million. As a Galatasaray striker, he earns €2,710,000 annually, or €52,115 per week. His current contract is set to expire on June 30, 2023.
A post shared by Haris Seferovic (@harisseferovic)
In April 2009, Seferovic made his professional debut at Grasshopper. Shortly after, in January 2010, he was signed by Fiorentina, an Italian club. Much of his time at the latter club was spent on loan, beginning with a successful stint at Novara in Serie B, followed by a move to Real Sociedad in Spain in 2013. After a year, he joined the German club Eintracht Frankfurt, where he stayed for three seasons before joining Benfica in Portugal. He appeared in over 180 games for the club and scored over 70 goals, winning the Bola de Prata for top scorer as the team won the Primeira Liga in 2018-19.
Seferovic has been a full international since 2013, representing Switzerland in the FIFA World Cups of 2014, 2018, and 2022, as well as the UEFA European Championships of 2016 and 2020.
When and where the great athlete was born? Who is his father? Age, Ethnicity, Education
Haris Seferovic was born on February 22, 1992 in Sursee, Switzerland. He is currently a handsome 30-year-old man. Seferovic's family is from Sanski Most, Bosnia and Herzegovina (then in SFR Yugoslavia). His parents, Hamza and Šefika Seferović, immigrated to Switzerland in the late 1980s. He is of Bosniak origin. He fasts for Ramadan, but only during the football season. In 2009, he identified as a Muslim but stated that he did not follow all of the religion's rules: "I have already eaten pork. But I am a believer, and that gives me strength".
Seferovic began his career with FC Sursee's youth team in 1999 and, after five years, signed for Luzern in the summer of 2004. After three years in their youth teams, he was scouted by Grasshopper, and on April 26, 2009, he made his debut in the Swiss Super League against Neuchâtel Xamax. In January 2010, he was named Lucerne's Youth Player of the Year.
The talented Swiss professional footballer stands 1.85 meters tall. He weighs 170 pounds. Seferovic is a health nut who obsesses over his diet. With his black hair, captivating black eyes, and perfect and attractive smile, he appears excellent, magnificent, and eye-pleasing.
Who is Haris Seferovic wife Amina Seferovic? How long Seferovic and Amina are together? Children
Haris Seferovic with his wife Amina Seferovic Source: Instagram
He is extremely fortunate because he is happily married to the love of his life and the father of a kid. Haris Seferovic wife Amina is a social media star and influencer. She is a Swiss citizen. Despite her celebrity as the wife of a well-known footballer, she has kept her personal life private. Her Instagram handle is aminaa and she has 47.1K followers. She often posts stunning photos of herself and her husband and son. Amina has often seen cheering on her man with all her might several times during the football game.
Before they started dating, Amina and Haris were best friends. Their friendship gradually transformed into love, and they began dating. On April 5, 2019, he married his beautiful bride, Amina. The couple has two sons and two daughters. On September 8, 2019, their daughter, Inaya Seferovic, was born, and their son, Zyan was born on August 21, 2021.
Tags: FIFA QatarFIFA salaryFIFA World CupFIFA World Cup 2022Haris SeferovicHaris Seferovic contractHaris Seferovic familyHaris Seferovic FIFA 2022Haris Seferovic kidsHaris Seferovic net worthHaris Seferovic salaryHaris Seferovic wife
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The books of Jeremiah and Ezekiel are filled with people turning their backs on God and worshiping idols not following God's commandments and decrees somewhat similar to what is happening in our world today, After generations upon generations of sin God became angry and told Ezekiel many messages to give to the people of Israel mostly about their fate as a people that should turn back to God or risk being enslaved or dead because of the Babylonian armies that would come and destroy Jerusalem. Admittedly I am on chapter 23 and barely half way through the book of Ezekiel but one set of scripture stood out for me thus far.
Here our Heavenly Father God Almighty tells Ezekiel to tell the people of Jerusalem to turn away from their sins and worshipping idols and turn back to our Heavenly Father God Almighty. That God wants all of us to live and not die…that's an awesome love in my opinion.
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Happy Holidays from all of us at The Cave!
To apply the discount, enter discount code: 35HOLIDAY before selecting your tickets at Ticketmaster.com, Ticketmaster phone orders or Box Office purchases!
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