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Cloud Network Engineer
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All our Tech Career Tracks have been put together with the aid of our Industry Experts, all of whom have built and run successful Tech Businesses.
These inspirational Entrepreneurs have provided valuable insights to help you through your journey and you will have the opportunity to learn from their invaluable experiences.
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Jonathan Davies
Start-up and Fast Track Growth
Jonathan has made the classic entrepreneurial 'journey'. At 29, he saw a gap in the market and confidently backed his business ambition with his own cash and lots of hard work. He created The Training Room, a leading UK career providing company with a growing £11 million turnover and received a £20m investment in 2013 by private equity house LDC to accelerate company growth. Jonathan's entrepreneurial masterstroke was the provision of 'industry-ready' professionals to new and emerging markets – initially, personal trainers for gyms and leisure complexes. The company now also trains beauty therapists and has also launched career courses for the catering and hospitality sector. Jonathan began the company with his partner in 2006 from the archetypal 'spare room in their home.' In 2006, they had two full-time employees,in their first year they trained 200 people, now they train 10,000+ per year. Now, this careers provider has 28 city-based UK academies and an expanding full-time staff base exceeding 150. Jonathan successfully exited his company in 2017 and is passionate about sharing his knowledge of successfully starting, growing and exiting a multi-million pound business.
Adam Greenwood
Adam Greenwood started his professional career in the military aviation industry, supplying spare parts to the worlds largest Air Forces. After 10 years he moved to a software company as a business analyst and his love of delivering service design and digital solutions to real-world problems was born. In 2009, Adam co-founded digital agency Greenwood Campbell, and has led the agency to deliver award winning digital solutions for some of the largest organisations in the UK including Dixons, Ted Baker and RNLI. Adam pivoted the agency in 2017 after a tech pilgrimage to Silicon Valley where he saw that the future of digital was not web but AI, AR, voice and chatbots. Since then Adam has been on a voracious and relentless pursuit of knowledge about the future of technology and how it will affect the lives of consumers as well as the bottom line of brands. Considered by many as a futurist and thought leader on emerging technology, Artificial Intelligence and the capabilities of the new digital world, Adam works with a passion and drive which was recognised in 2016 with a place on the British Interactive Media Association (BIMA) top 100.
Pete Scott
High Performance Sales
Widely regarded as the go to sales trainer in the corporate sector, Pete Scott has built his reputation by working with hundreds of companies around the world, including some household names such as BP, American Express and Channel 4 to name a few. However, Pete didn't start his career as a top sales trainer. Very far from it actually. In 2011, Pete was struggling to gain even his first contract and after two years, he decided to switch his focus from working with the consumer market, to 100% companies. Over 2000 calls and 11 meetings later, Pete signed his first four corporate clients and has never looked back. He is also the founder of the Sales Pro Academy, which is a community-based learning platform, where entrepreneurs & anybody who is passionate about growing their own business, can learn the art & science to succeed. Pete is someone who truly walks the talk and has been amongst the trenches of sales, but most importantly, loves to share how you can build your dream business or career too.
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Q: Python string manipulation, remove content by finding closing bracket to opening bracket The question is to remove the contents from opening brackets '[' to closing brackets ']'
I managed to write it out, but I am failing certain test cases given to me as the output is not what the question wanted.
A tip I was given is, first find the premier closing bracket']' then trace back to the latest opening bracket '[' and remove all the contents starting from the premier closing bracket to the latest opening bracket.
But, I have no idea how to write it out. Any help is appreciated thank you
My code is as followed:
def trial():
    b = False
    user_input = input("test cases : ")
    formatstr = ""
    for i in user_input:
        if '[' in i:
            b = True
        elif not b:
            formatstr += i
        if ']' in i:
            b = False
     print(formatstr)
 trial()

These are the test cases with the desired output.
Followed by my output which fails some of the test cases
[[bean]abc  → [abc
**My Output = abc**  `Testcase failed`

 [bean]]abc → ]abc
**My Ouput = ]abc** `Testcase passed`

 abc[foo][qwerty] → abc
**My Output = abc** `Testcase passed`

 abc[qwerty]bean] → abcbean]
**My Output = abcbean]** `Testcase passed`

  abc[qwerty[bean] → abc[qwerty
**My Output = abc**  `Testcase failed`

  bean[abc[qwe]dfg] → bean
**My Output = beandfg]**  `Testcase failed`

A: You typically deal with nested structures by implementing a stack. When you encounter a "[" you add an item to the stack and when you encounter a "]" you pop() from the stack. Otherwise you add to the append to the item at the top of the stack. In your examples you need to make sure you add the actual brackets since the tests seem to want them. That might look like:
def trial(user_input):
    groups = ['']
    for i in user_input:
        if i == '[':
            groups.append(i)
        elif i == ']' and len(groups) > 1:
            groups.pop()
        else:
            groups[-1] += i
    return "".join(groups)

assert(trial("[[bean]abc") == "[abc")
assert(trial("[bean]]abc") == "]abc")
assert(trial("abc[foo][qwerty]") == "abc")
assert(trial("abc[qwerty]bean]") == "abcbean]")
assert(trial("abc[qwerty[bean]") == "abc[qwerty")
assert(trial("bean[abc[qwe]dfg]") == "bean")

# all pass

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Миносян — армянская фамилия.

 Известные носители
 Миносян, Артур Варкезович (род. 1989) — российский футболист, полузащитник.
 Миносян, Кугарик Калустовна (1912 — ?) — Герой Социалистического Труда.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Gli Altopiani lusaziani (in lingua ceca: Šluknovská pahorkatina; in tedesco: Lausitzer Bergland; in polacco: Łužiske hory) sono una regione collinare ad ovest della catena montuosa dei Sudeti, al confine tra la Repubblica Ceca e la Germania. L'area prende il nome dalla regione storica dell'Alta Lusazia.

Si tratta di una regione turistica per il suo pregio paesaggistico e la presenza di località come Schirgiswalde, Šluknov e Rumburk. Il fiume Sprea, che attraversa Berlino, nasce nella regione.

Altri progetti

Sudeti
Sassonia
Boemia


35 Inspirational Terre De Boheme is free HD wallpaper. This wallpaper was upload at August 21, 2017 upload by Maria Matthews in terrasse.
35 Inspirational Terre De Boheme is high definition wallpaper and size this wallpaper is 750x1108. You can make 35 Inspirational Terre De Boheme For your Desktop Wallpaper, Tablet, Android or iPhone and another Smartphone device for free. To download and obtain the 35 Inspirational Terre De Boheme images by click the download button below to get multiple high-resversions.


text:
A tactical shake-up could see Bristol City return to form
Dec 02, 2016 by Tom Hague	in Football
Manager Lee Johnson's trusted 4-2-3-1 formation worked wonders for Bristol City at the start of the season, so much so that The Robins found themselves in the play-offs for much of the early campaign. Yet, since the turn of October, City have won only two of eight league games, arguably due to oppositions familiarising themselves with Johnson's preferred approach. With the six games in December all being against winnable sides, it is imperative that Johnson adapts his existing system to give the team the best chance of climbing back into the play-off spots.
It has become increasingly clear that in recent weeks City's chances on goal have been more limited. Tammy Abraham has only scored two of his twelve goals in the last ten matches – albeit through no fault of his own. A born poacher, breaks for Abraham have been limited due to a lack of service from wide-men, who often seem too apprehensive to attack. In the 4-2-3-1 formation a winger's role involves numerous offensive duties. Unfortunately it seems more and more apparent that such required traits are not the forte of Callum O'Dowda, Luke Freeman or Jamie Paterson. Paterson, along with a tendency to drift inside far too frequently, has been anonymous in our last five games following on from a positive start to life in BS3.
Subsequently, a transition to a basic 4-4-2 could be the key for a return to form. A more balanced role would certainly suit O'Dowda and Freeman, as well as giving Joe Bryan a chance to play further forward if Johnson opts to recall Scott Golbourne to left back. Tammy Abraham would also have further support up front, whether that be in the form of Aaron Wilbraham, Lee Tomlin or Swede Gustav Engvall. However, it is obvious that Tomlin's best position is a "free" number 10 role just behind the striker, and thus playing him up front alongside Abraham may not get the best out of him. Due to the flat nature of the 4-4-2, using Tomlin in his favoured Francisco Totti-esque trequartista role would not prove a viable option.
A potential 4-3-1-2 lineup for Bristol City
So this raises the question of 4-3-1-2. Fundamentally, this formation suits Tomlin, our best player on his day, because of the licence it brings to use a number 10. Similarly to the 4-4-2, Abraham would once again have greater support in a strike partner, and with City's strength in the central midfielder position, boasting the likes of Bobby Reid, Gary O'Neil, and Korey Smith, we could afford to exert such players to the best of their abilities in a three-man partnership. Many would argue that the problem with this formation is width. However, agile central players such as Reid and Smith show that this shouldn't prove anywhere near as much of a problem as some seem to think. I believe that the biggest advantage of using the 4-3-1-2 formation would be that our full backs will be more likelyto produce early crosses into the likes of Abraham, Wilbraham and Engvall. Particularly in the case of Joe Bryan, who has the capability to deliver an excellent ball, this should culminate in more much-needed goals for Bristol City.
I'm very interested to see what changes Lee Johnson may make ahead of the clash with Ipswich. I can't help but feel that if the manager is overly-stubborn then we may have a repeat of last season under Steve Cotterill, and consequently City may continue to fall down the league. If Johnson does find a successful new system, a play-off position will certainly not come out of the blue.
Berkeley Squares / Nuno Tavares composite, CC BY-SA 2.5
Tagged with: Bristol City
About the author Tom Hague
The Sports Editor at Berkeley Squares 2017-18.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Humans Are Threatened By Science And Technology - Science Is Wicked!
It's long been said that Man is his own worst enemy and with the advancements in Science and Technology does this mean are we now an even greater threat to ourselves? Although the eminent Stephen Hawking is warning that the threat is becoming greater in this century we still have our future in our own hands. The threat of a disaster on Earth will rise to a virtual certainty within the next 10,000 years and although that seems a long way off, it could happen at any time. A warning to be heeded from Hawking?
"We will not establish self-sustaining colonies in space for at least the next hundred years, so we have to be very careful in this period," Hawking said. His comments echo those of Lord Rees, the astronomer royal, who raised his own concerns about the risks of self-annihilation in his 2003 book Our Final Century.
Speaking to the Radio Times ahead of the BBC Reith Lecture, in which he will explain the science of black holes, Hawking said most of the threats humans now face come from advances in science and technology, such as nuclear weapons and genetically engineered viruses.
"We are not going to stop making progress, or reverse it, so we must recognise the dangers and control them," he added.
The Cambridge scientist, who turned 74 earlier this month, said his expectations were reduced to zero when he learned he had a rare and slowly progressing form of motor neurone disease at the age of 21. But reflecting on more than 50 years since the diagnosis, he said he had been very fortunate in almost every other way. In Hawking's area of theoretical physics, his disability was not a major handicap.


Welcome back to 2017. We warmly welcome new students, families and staff to the Loreto Normanhurst community. I hope over the Christmas and New Year break families were able to have some relaxation time together. Our hallways are full of laughter and great conversation once more as we commence this historic year of celebration of the 120 years of Loreto Normanhurst education.
This year we will look back and give thanks for the incredible tenacity and forward thinking of the IBVM and all those that have worked with them and been a part of this vibrant community over its 120 years. Each generation has set down their footsteps, their hopes and their dreams for the young women who have walked through the doors as have the young women themselves. Each of us throughout those 120 years has had an impact and it will be wonderful to celebrate this together through the many events planned for the year.
As well as a 120 year celebration we will focus on the value of Freedom. This year together we will concentrate on a better understanding of the value of Freedom, always aware that Mary Ward's mission was for the greater glory of God. Her expression of the value of Freedom, along with Sincerity, Felicity, Justice and Verity we treasure, and just as her examination of these values brought her closer to the person of Jesus, as a Catholic/Christian community this is what we strive for again this year. Throughout the year we will be challenged to understand, reflect upon, and grow in this value of Freedom. This will take courage and commitment. The Value of Freedom will present many challenges to us as a community. Challenges I am sure we will meet with grace and resilience.
We will again in 2017 focus our attention on the Strategic Plan 2016-2020 and its three pathways of a Faith-Centred School, a Person-Centred School and an Ecology-Centred School. These three areas will be defined and reinforced throughout the year in line with what we value as a Loreto school and as a constantly reinventing school that meets the needs of our students in the 21st Century. We will finalise work on the Master Plan this year, action the feedback from the Sports Review, finalise work on a Parent Portal, just to name a few bigger items. As well as this we will care for our students, nurture and grow them, challenging their thinking and their actions so that our community can be the best it can be and our young women can be 'fully alive' as St Ignatius Loyola suggests.
It is always so exciting to have one of our Ex-Students named in the Australia Day Honours list. This year we congratulate Ms Michelle Leonard, AO Recipient for service to the community and to the performing arts. Michelle is the Founder and Artistic Director of Moorambilla Voices and the Leichhardt Espresso Chorus. Our Ex-Students continue to do incredible work in the community and we thank them for putting the gift of a Loreto education to such important work for others.
This year like no other, our world needs us all to be focused on the plight of others and on Truth and Justice. As a Loreto Normanhurst community we must be prophetic about the values we share and hold true to them and educate our young women to do the same. We are blessed here right now, in this place we share, and we have a responsibility to remain hope-filled, resilient and as a force for good. As the year commences I hope we can all renew our commitment to this for the greater glory of God represented in us all.
Loving God, creator of us all.
We give thanks for the many opportunities given to us to develop the gifts we have been given.
In this year of Freedom, may we grow in acceptance of ourselves and others. Help us to serve one another humbly and to work to secure an equal opportunity for all.
May we work sincerely, harmoniously and collectively in the pursuit of happiness and freedom, for being free is a continual journey fuelled by love, felicity and acceptance.
In challenging all that restricts our God–given freedom, may we let go of fear and open our hearts to love so that we may truly find the courage to be free. May we find resilience in the face of challenge.
Let it go. Let it be. Only then shall we be truly free.


"MEMS: Green pressure sensors tap QMEMS"
Taking accurate measurements of water levels in rivers and in industrial settings requires sensors that used to contain hazardous oil or gases that could cause pollution. Now Epson Toyocom has harnessed its quartz micro-electro-mechanical (QMEMS) technology to take green fluid pressure measurements while operating under stringent cleanliness requirements. R.C.J.
Pressure sensors got greener recently when Epson Toyocom (El Segundo, Calif.) announced a quartz microelectromechanical system (QMEMS) technology that eliminates the hazardous oils and gases used in most high-precision pressure sensors. High-precision pressure sensors today contain a pressure-transmitting medium, such as oil, that has the potential of leaking into the environment, an Epson Toyocom spokesperson said. The company's approach instead measures pressure with a frequency-stable QMEMS tuning fork as the pressure-sensing element. As pressure changes against the sensing element, the pressure-transmitting architecture directly reads out pressure without the risk that oil or hazardous gases will leach into the environment, the spokesperson said. The first model of the new architecture, the XP-7000, can directly measure pressure with an accuracy of ±0.05 percent. The QMEMS sensor is also 40 percent smaller than other, similar pressure sensors, according to Epson Toyocom.
"ALGORITHMS: Sharc DSP helps pack audio recording studio into a laptop"
Analog audio effects still rule in professional audio production, but don't fit well with the digital recording technologies. Universal Audio solved that problem several years ago by creating algorithm-based analog effects that mimic the old-school analog equipment that is not even being manufactured anymore. Unfortunately, these computationally intensive algorithms require an Analog Device's Sharc digital signal processor (DSP) that was until now only available for computers with a PCI bus. Now Universal Audio has shoehorned an ADI Sharc onto an ExpressCard that fits into laptop computers, enabling UA's 30,000 users to mix tracks anywhere. R.C.J.
An audio recording studio has been packed into a laptop computer card by harnessing Analog Devices' Sharc floating-point digital signal processor (DSP). Universal Audio's Solo ExpressCard for Mac or PC laptops is intended to unshackle professional recording engineers and producers from the studio, enabling them to mix audio tracks anywhere. The card can mix and master at sample rates from 44.1 to 192 kHz while emulating analog effects from vintage devices made by such companies as Moog, Neve, Roland and SPL. Along with the Sharc floating-point DSP, the card packs a Xilinx FPGA, SRAM, flash and glue logic in a format measuring about 25 x 100 millimeters. The Solo does stick out slightly from a laptop's ExpressCard slot but is small enough to be tucked in a pocket when not in use, according to beta-tester Elliot Mazer who has done mix-downs for such artists as Pink, Switchfoot, Santana, The Who and Neil Young.
"NANOTECH: Electronic nose sniffs out cancer"
Cancer can often be cured today if caught early enough. Unfortunately, people have to wait until symptoms appear before their doctor can pinpoint the specific test to be performed. Now researchers say they are on the trail of a new approach that can routinely screen your blood for any type of cancer--an electronic nose. Look for a blood test based on their work within five years. R.C.J.
Anecdotal evidence that dogs can detect cancer by smell inspired researchers to combine clever chemistry with optical detectors to craft an electronic nose that they claim can not only screen for any kind of cancer, but also determine whether it is aggressive. A University of Massachusetts chemist and veterinarian collaborated with a Georgia Tech biochemist and materials specialist to craft the laboratory detection system, which they hope to develop into a universal blood test for cancer. Like the red, green and blue pixels that mix to represent any color, three different kinds of nanoparticles can mix to cover the whole spectrum of cancer cells, the researchers found. The fluorescent nanoparticles are mixed with blood or tissue samples, where they bind to suspicious cells and, depending on the combination of particles that light up, indicate whether the cells are metastatic (capable of spreading beyond the initial tumor site).
Carbon will succeed silicon as the predominate semiconducting material for the integrated circuits of the future. Today printable nanotube inks are enabling flexible carbon transistors that outperform organic transistors by 10-times, with standard chip technology switching to carbon as the base material within 10 years. R.C.J.
Carbon--the basis of all organic compounds--appears destined to supplant silicon as the material of choice for future semiconductors. Carbon nanotubes, graphene and diamond films based on carbon--which sits just above silicon on the Periodic Table--can surpass silicon's abilities in thermal performance, frequency range and perhaps even superconductivity. Three-dimensional carbon--diamond--offers 10 times the heat dissipation of silicon, according to suppliers currently hawking 40-nanometer to 15-micron diamond films on silicon wafers. Two-dimensional carbon--3-angstrom-thick monolayers called graphene--could dismantle silicon's roadblock to terahertz performance by attaining 10 times the electron mobility of silicon.
"One billion sold!" No, not hamburgers, but chips from Freescale's sensor unit which it inherited from Motorola's micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) group. It took 30 years to reach one billion, but as with hamburgers, the accelerated pace of sensor sales sold half of those units in the last few years. Look for Freescale to sell its second billion sensors within three years. R.C.J.
Freescale Semiconductor Monday (June 22) claimed its billionth sensor shipped at the IEEE's Transducers 2009 conference in Denver. Freescale's micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMs) unit, which was originally part of Motorola, has a 30-year history in sensors and is currently No. 1 in automotive sensors, according to market research firm iSuppli Corp. To integrate its current line of MEMs chips and capacitive proximity sensors, Freescale (Austin, Texas) announced a Sensor Toolbox download that offers a common development software environment for designing with its sensors.
"MATERIALS: "Graphene said to outperform copper interconnects"
Carbon based materials can transport signals better than metals at nanoscale sizes. Look for high-performance interconnection technologies to use two-dimensional nanoribbons called graphene to best metals in the next five years. R.C.J.
Pure carbon interconnects, cast as tiny ribbons of graphene, will outperform copper interconnects below 30 nanometer line widths, according to researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). The researchers characterized graphene interconnection lines as small as 18 nanometers wide and found that they perform as well or better than even the most optimistic estimates of how copper interconnects will perform at those sizes. Unlike copper, whose resistivity goes up at these fine line sizes— due to scattering at grain boundaries and side walls—graphene's conductivity is enhanced by quantum effects at nanoscale sizes.
"SPACE: IBM to forecast 'weather' from solar storms"
Weather in space is usually pretty uneventful, but soon the Sun is expected to change that by entering a violent period where solar plumes will eject plasma clouds which cause magnetic storms here on Earth. By anticipating such disruptions, space weather forecasts will mitigate the damaging effects of these storms in the coming months. R.C.J.
Space weather forecasts predicting communications disruptions caused by sun-spots will begin later this month by IBM, Uppsala University (Sweden) and the Swedish Institute of Space Physics computing. By integrating the signals from geographically dispersed 3D radio antennas, clusters of blades will issue space weather forecasts for the next 18-to-24 hours from the recent state of the Sun. This space weather forecasting capability is aimed at mitigating interference from Sun-spot Cycle 24—an 11-year cycle slated to begin this year. Sun-spot Cycle 24 is expected to disrupt satellite and terrestrial communications here on Earth as well as some landline communications and even the power grid. Early warning is theoretically possible, but the data processing task is enormous, since over 6 Gbytes of data needs to be sifted every second.
"SPACE: Water Widespread on Mars, Just Dicovered by Now Dry Lake-bed"
NASA has discovered a long, deep canyon and the remains of beaches which it claims is the clearest evidence yet of a widespread standing water on the surface of Mars. The large lake apparently contained liquid water when the planet was supposed to have already dried up. A warmer period must have existed when the atmosphere was thick enough to allow open water--all conditions needed to support life.
"MATERIALS: Graphene leapfrogs silicon with electrically tunable bandgap"
Carbon transistors are not only faster than today's, but now can have the bandgap which defines their semiconductor properties electrically tuned. This unique new capability will likely propel carbon transistors past silicon within five years. R.C.J.
Graphene--a two-dimensional sheet of carbon--holds the promise of 10-times faster speed than silicon chips, but until now were thought to require channels less than 10-nanometers wide in order to open up a bandgap suitable for digital circuitry, delaying its entry into the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors to beyond 2017, when sub-10 nanometer lithography becomes available.
Now professor Feng Wang at UC Berkeley claims to have demonstrated a technology that can electrically tune graphene's bandgap, enabling it to be used for digital transistors long before lithography hits sub-10 nanometer sizes.
"CHIPS: Terahertz SiGe imager sees through clothes"
Terahertz imagers can see through clothing and inside suitcases to spot weapons without the danger associated with traditional x-rays. They will also aid in navigation by pentrating storm or dust-cloud conditions, as well as enable enormous amounts of data to be transferred over secure line-of-sight connections. Look for silicon-based terahertz imaging chips by 2011. R.C.J.
Silicon-germanium (SiGe) RF chips now in lab prototype form could one day be used in millimeter-wavelength W-band imaging devices sensitive enough to "see" through clothing to reveal concealed weapons. EEs from the University of California at San Diego (UCSD) presented their design at the IEEE RFIC Symposium in Boston on June 9. The chip operates in the terahertz range (1 THz = 1,000 GHz) to provide X-ray-like vision, but using safe, naturally occurring millimeter wavelengths. The designers said the chip could be produced using inexpensive silicon processing techniques.
"MEMS: Silicon Clocks raises $10.3M to commercialize CMOS+MEMS"
Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) timing devices can now be fabricated atop a customer's existing CMOS chip to eliminate the need for separate quartz crystals, according to Silicon Clocks. The company is already licensing its technology to CMOS chip makers so they can add timing capabilities to their own designs, and now it has Silicon Labs--the analog chip experts--to market the technology worldwide. Look for C-MEMS chips from various vendors by 2010. R.C.J.
Silicon Clocks Inc., a Fremont, Calif., fabless vendor of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) timing chips, has landed $10.3 million in a Series C financing round led by new investor Silicon Labs (Austin, Texas) joined previous investors Charles River Ventures, Formative Ventures, Lux Capital and Tallwood Venture Capital. Silicon Clocks' will use the money to ramp up production of its J-Series phase-locked loop technology, which produces low-jitter oscillators in the 100- to 700-MHz range using a proprietary CMEMS (CMOS + MEMS) process.
"MEMS: world's thinnest accelerometer slims consumer gear"
MEMS accelerometers can add interactive features to consumer devices, such as automatic shifting from portrait to landscape mode as well as scrolling by tilting the display. Smart phones, GPS devices, laptop computers and game controllers are among the consumer devices now packing MEMS sensors, which are also being designed into a widening array of medical and scientific equipment. Ever slimmer accelerometer chip form factors are encouraging ever slimmer consumer devices, today and going forward. R.C.J.
STMicroelectronics has fielded a 0.75-mm-thick three-axis microlectromechanical system (MEMS)-based accelerometer that it says will let even ultrathin consumer platforms offer advanced user interface features. The LIS302DLH is the thinnest member of ST's Piccolo family of ultrasmall 16-bit MEMS chips, which are housed in 3 x 5-mm packages. ST said its digital three-axis accelerometer offers built-in motion sensing, orientation awareness, freefall detection and vibration monitoring. The device has a power-saving shutdown mode that awakens it automatically when motion is sensed. Acceleration measurements range from +8 to –8 g's. The LIS302DLH uses an SPI serial interface.
"MEMS: gyroscopes enable gesture-based user interfaces"
STMicroelectronics is betting that MEMS gyros will find a mass market in sophisticated user interfaces that enable the recognition of complex human gestures using angular momentum sensors for pitch, roll and yaw. Smart phones, gaming controllers and gesture-recognizing remote controls using MEMS gyroscopes are due in stores by Christmas 2009.
MEMS acccelerometers have already been designed into such consumer items as the iPhone, a PS3 controller model and Wii "nunchucks," where they respectively measure tilt for switching the display from portrait to landscape mode, enhance virtual steering and allow free-style motion sensing. MEMS gyroscopes will add angular momentum (pitch, roll and yaw) to enable the recognition of more-complex human gestures.
"QUANTUM: NIST demos mechanical quantum effect"
Most quantum phenomena are impossible to directly observe--such as the "spin" of an electron or the "polarization" of a photon--but now scientists have succeeded in transferring entangled spins to a mechanical oscillation--a nano-pendulum--thus opening the door to devices that feature quantum behaviors at the macroscopic level.
Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology have synchronized the motions of two nano-pendulums by virtue of a quantum phenomenon called entanglement— what Albert Einstein called "spooky action at a distance." Quantum entanglement keeps atoms, electrons and photons in synchronized states no matter how far they are moved apart. Entanglement is to communications what "Beam me up Scotty" is to transportation — a kind of faster-than-light connection that instantaneously links entangled atoms regardless of distance.
The NIST nano-pendulum consisted of two ions four microns apart—charged beryllium and magnesium atoms—oscillating in perfect synchronization with another spatially separated pair of entangled ions 240 microns away. First they used pulsed lasers to cool the atoms in an electrostatic trap between two parallel facing electrodes. Then they used a pulsed laser to entangle the spin states of the two beryllium atoms, and another pulsed laser to transfer that spin state to the pendulum-like oscillation motion between the two ions.
"ENERGY: Nanopatterning boosts efficiency of incandescent bulbs"
Optics researchers have learned how to use lasers to inscribe nanoscale patterns into the surface of metals, thereby changing their color without having to use filters that cut down on light. One etched pattern creates the ideal "black body" that radiates all wavelengths equally, which the researchers tried on a tungsten lightbulb filament, resulting in a significant boost in efficiency. Will high-efficiency incandescent bulbs make a comeback against emerging solid-state lighting? I give them 50/50 odds. R.C.J.
Using ultrafast lasers to inscribe nanoscale patterns on the filaments of standard incandescent lightbulbs, researchers at the University of Rochester (N.Y.) were able to increase the bulbs' light-emitting efficiency dramatically, letting a 60-watt bulb shine as brightly as one rated for 100 W. The nanoscale patterns make the tungsten lightbulb filament a "black body" that is much more efficient at radiating light. Now the team is working to tailor the color of incandescent bulb filaments, not only to boost their efficiency but also to enable their light emission spectrum to be customized for different applications.
"MEMS: barometer chips boost hard drives, GPS"
Sensor markets are standing up to the recession, thanks to the pickup in design-ins for MEMS-based motion, elevation and proximity sensors. MEMS sensors are increasingly being integrated into phones, MP3 players, GPS units, mobile Internet devices (MIDs), portable medical scanners and all sorts of greentech products. The next must-have sensor is the MEMS barometer which enables hard drives to pack more bits, gives GPS units elevation readings, provides health monitoring as well as solves many environmental, safety and security sensing applications. So many OEMs are planning to use two MEMS chips--an accelerometer plus a barometer--that major semiconductor makers will begin selling integrated chips with both by 2010. R.C.J.
First came MEMS accelerometers that sense when hard drives are being dropped and warn them to lock up their heads; now MEMS barometers are being pitched as a means to increase disk storage capacity. And the MEMS sensor count is rising in scores of products beyond hard drives. Freescale had already sold millions of MEMS accelerometers as airbag sensors in high-reliability automotive applications before it entered the consumer electronics market a few years ago with accelerometers for hard drives that can lock up their heads when dropped. Now the company is hawking a companion digital barometric pressure sensor that it says will let hard drive makers optimize head flying heights for maximum information density. The digital pressure sensor debuted today (June 2) at the Computex expo in Taipei, Taiwan.


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text:
Wednesday Morning Temperature and Precipitation Maps
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Tornado Climatology for Allen County
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Counties: Allen, Barren
F-scale: F3
Injuries: 25
Path width: 600 yards
Path length: 15 miles
Narrative: Moved northeast from five miles south of Scottsville to near Tracy. Four people were killed in Allen County as at least three homes were destroyed. Death toll may have been as high as 17.
Counties: Allen, Barren, Monroe, Metcalfe (from Sumner TN)
Path length: 60 miles (probably a family of tornadoes)
Narrative: From one of the worst tornado outbreaks ever to strike central Kentucky. This tornado moved east-northeast from near Buck Lodge, eight miles north of Gallatin. Homes were swept away in many communities, including Keytown, Angle, Oak Grove, and Liberty. As many as eight people died in one home. Trees were blown down in the steep valleys as well as on the hilltops. At least 27 people died in Tennessee. Crossing into Kentucky, the tornado struck Mt. Union (near the present-day intersection of KY 1421 and Napier Road) and then Holland, killing four. The funnel may have either weakened or lifted over southern Barren County before striking Beaumont in Metcalfe County. There it killed eight more, including five in one family. Over 150 homes were damaged or destroyed.
Counties: Simpson, Allen
Path width:
Path length:
Notes: Storm Data says this tornado did damage on Kinnard Road, passed Gold City, and ended one mile northeast of Mount Aerial (about two miles into Allen County). Using Storm Data information plus SPC's lift-off point work well for plotting this.
Counties: Logan, Warren, Allen, Barren
Injuries: 9
Notes: After researching this tornado (see discrepancies below), including reviewing radar data, it appears this tornado touched down at Chandlers Chapel in northeast Logan County, moving through Warren County crossing I-65 about seven and a half miles south of Bowling Green, continuing eastward into northernmost Allen County passing just north of Meador, then turning to the northeast near Finny, Haywood, three miles south of Glasgow, and ending at the Metcalfe County line near where the parkway crosses the border. The worst damage was in Barren County. Homes on Needmore School Road southwest of Haywood were extensively damaged, and a mobile home was flipped over near the intersection of Riddle Road and KY 249. In Glasgow one person was killed in his mobile home and another was killed by flying debris. In the Glasgow area one house was destroyed (F3 damage) and 45 badly damaged. Winds estimated at 175mph near Glasgow damaged or destroyed 35 mobile homes and 25 barns.
Noted Discrepancies: SPC mistakenly replaces Warren County with Lawrence County. SPC gives a beginning latitude of 36.92...NCDC gives 36.95. SPC gives a path width of 100 yards, NCDC gives 200 yards. The lat/lons given for this event are all over the place. Going by the beginning lat/lon in Logan County and the ending lat/lon in Barren County, the track would go through the south side of Glasgow and would end at the Barren/Metcalfe county line, which agrees with the narrative given at NCDC. However, this path would completely miss Allen County. Storm Data has it in Logan County (Chandlers Chapel to six miles east of Chandlers Chapel), Warren County (ten miles southwest of Bowling Green to sixteen miles southeast of Bowling Green), Allen County (three miles west of Meador to two miles east of Meador), and Barren County (fourteen miles southwest of Glasgow to ten miles east of Glasgow, with Glasgow hard hit).
Counties: Allen
Path width: 25 yards
Notes: Storm Data says this occurred near New Roe. Lat/lon given place it in Sumner County, Tennessee. Will plot it between New Roe and the Tennessee border.
Noted discrepancies: SPC lists a path width of 7 yards, NCDC 27 yards, Storm Data 25 yards.
Counties: Allen, Monroe (from Macon, TN)
EF-Scale: EF3
Path length: 10.4 miles
Time: 1:40am CST to 1:53am CST
Notes: This tornado destroyed 12 homes and mobile homes, mainly in the Amos community and in the Tracy Lane area. Many other homes and buildings were damaged. Four people were killed near Tracy Lane, and eleven others were injured in southeast Allen County. The tornado continued through rural and wooded sections of eastern Allen County, and crossed into Monroe County near Fountain Run.
County: Allen
Path length: 1 mile
Time: 11:35 - 11:40pm CDT
Notes: A small tornado touched down near the intersection of state routes 234 and 1533 near the northern tip of Allen County. Most of the damage was to trees, and there was some minor structural damage to two farms. Three track maps are available: zoomed in (local view), zoomed out (regional view), and a satellite map withdamage points plotted.
EF-Scale: EF-2
Path length: 9 miles
Time: 12:20pm CST
Notes: This tornado touched down near Hickory Flat Road just south of its intersection with Hickory Flat-Ridge Road in Simpson County where about a dozen trees were uprooted. The most significant damage occurred near the intersection of McKendree Church Road and Highway 100 where a well constructed brick house completely lost its roof. Multiple barns, garages, and outbuildings were destroyed here as well. Nearly a complete roof of one outbuilding was project 1/2 mile to the east. Another area of significant damage was at the intersection of Highway 100 and Reeder School Road (near the Simpson/Allen County line) where a house had significant roof damage and had an exterior wall blown out. A jeep in the driveway was blown into the house and a camper was blown from the driveway across the road with debris scattered through the field beyond. Damage continued east into Allen County with the last evidence of damage at Walker Chapel Road about a mile south of Highway 100.
Path length: 4.6 mile
Time: 7:39pm CDT
Notes: There was significant straight line wind damage across much of the county facing an easterly and southeasterly direction. Interspersed with the straight line wind damage was at least one tornado in western Allen County north of and paralleling KY 585. The tornado touched down near the Horseshoe Ford Road and Horseshoe Bend Road intersection. There were numerous large hardwood trees split, twisted, and uprooted facing from northerly to southeasterly. Horseshoe Bend Road was closed due to trees down across the road and from flooding. Winds in this area were estimated to be between 90 and 95 mph. Further east along Mayhew Road a large, well-built barn was uplifted and removed from its foundation with several cedar and maple trees twisted and snapped. Across a farmer's field, corn was flattened and twisted in multiple directions. Large, heavy fuel tanks were rolled in two different directions on Mayhew Road. Several barns and outbuildings had roof damage as well. At the Mayhew and Pope Road intersection there was extensive softwood and hardwood tree damage, especially around the Harmony Missionary Baptist Church at 5226 Pope Road. Residents said there was a major pressure change with the tornado. There were indications there may have been more than one tornado as tree positions would go from a tornadic circulation of northeasterly to southeasterly direction and then to all straight line wind damage in an easterly wind direction, then back to a tornadic circulation in multiple directions. The width of the individual circulations varied between 75 and 125 yards with widespread straight line wind damage all around. Most of the wind damage was between 85 and 95 mph. More tree and power line damage was along KY 585 near Shores Road. The tornado dissipated halfway between the intersection of KY 585 and Shores Road and the intersection of Shirk Road and Grider Drive.
Notes: Interspersed among straight-line wind damage was a tornado that first touched down a half mile east of Amos. A family farm had numerous trees twisted, snapped, and uprooted. Several barns sustained severe structural damage to the roofs. A dozen or so portions of two-by-fours were impaled into the ground in multiple directions. Further southeast on Highland Church Road numerous trees were uprooted and snapped with trees facing from the north northeast to the southeast. The tornado continued to the Tennessee state line. At 2592 Highland Church Road (Highland General Baptist Church) there was significant brick damage on the west, south, and east sides of the church due to open vents.
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text:
Turning Your Life Into Bits, Indexed
By Michael Hiltzik
July 11, 2005 12 AM PT
'I think we've got the Memex dream down," Gordon Bell told me when I greeted him at Microsoft Corp.'s downtown San Francisco laboratory.
To technology aficionados his allusion would be instantly recognizable. "Memex" was a machine envisioned by Vannevar Bush, Franklin D. Roosevelt's science advisor, in a prophetic 1945 Atlantic Monthly article titled, "As We May Think." The device was an intriguing preconception of today's personal computer in which, as Bush wrote, "an individual stores all his books, records, and communications" for easy retrieval through a form of indexing based on the associative properties of the human mind.
Bell's version, embodied in a system known as MyLifeBits (soon to be formally renamed "Memex") aims at nothing less than creating a digital archive of a person's entire life.
The effort is not as much of a technical challenge as it sounds. It merely exploits two modern phenomena: the digitization of information and the plummeting cost of digital storage. Documents, snapshots, telephone conversations, music and home movies are now constituted from digital bits rather than ink on paper, chemical emulsions or analog waves.
The cost of storing all this material is minuscule and falling fast. Bell and his research associate, Jim Gemmell, estimate that a person's entire lifetime production of paperwork, phone conversations and sounds and images can fit on a one-terabyte hard disk; that's only eight times the size of the 120-gigabyte drive often found inside today's medium-sized PC, and can be had for about $800, retail.
Bell, 70, is a distinguished engineer revered within the fraternity of computer scientists as a genuine pioneer. A cheerful, informal personality, he was the lead architect of whole families of groundbreaking 1960s-era minicomputers at Digital Equipment Corp. After leaving DEC and spending a few years running a National Science Foundation program and investing in start-ups, he joined Microsoft Research's Bay Area lab in 1995.
He had been pondering the digitization and storage cost curves for some time, but action was forced upon him a few years ago when he received a shipment of his old DEC papers from the company's successor, Compaq. He solved the resulting storage crisis by scanning his books and papers into a computer, where the texts could theoretically reside, compactly, for eternity.
MyLifeBits took off from there. "We scanned every piece of paper he owned," recalls Gemmell, 40. Then they moved onto photos and CDs, even the designs of promotional coffee mugs and T-shirts issued by companies Bell had founded or financed. When the process ended, virtually the only remaining physical objects were those with a sort of totemic significance, such as diplomas and award certificates. These went into a big black leather album.
The digital archive came to about 16 gigabytes, tiny in computer storage terms. Gemmell and Bell next considered how to retrieve items from this digital shoebox. The real achievement of their project is an indexing system that embodies Bush's ideas about mental associations by cross-referencing each object with its various properties.
A photo shot by a digital camera, for example, might be linked to an address-book entry for a person in the photo, to a dot on a map showing where it was taken and a calendar showing where and when, and to written or spoken annotations. A user trying to recover the photo could track it down via any or all of those paths. ("All I remember is that I took it at lunch on July 5 in Yosemite ... ")
Gemmell showed me how this works on his office computer. He brought up a map of Southern California. A sinewy blue line began to trace the route he had taken on a family drive (including a meandering loop or two), based on continuous readings from his GPS device. Red dots appeared at various points, signifying locations where he had shot a photo.
Once the bare bones of a retrieval system were in place, Bell's digital storeroom expanded from legacy material like technical articles, books, photos and videotapes to real-time recordings of his daily life -- conversations, phone calls, computer keystrokes, even his temperature and pulse rate.
Microsoft's British lab contributed a device called the SenseCam, which hangs on a neck lanyard and snaps a low-resolution picture of one's environment every few minutes. (Bell tested it for a few hours a day.) A new version also will record ambient audio and one's location via GPS. The device will allow the user to play back an entire day -- 16 hours of wakefulness compressed into 1,000 photos -- in minutes.
By this May, the archive held 206,000 items in 101 gigabytes, including 84,300 e-mail texts, copies of 53,400 Web pages Bell had visited, 38,600 pictures and more than 15,000 documents. It grows at a pace of about 1 gigabyte per month.
The assiduous archiving of every aspect of personal experience may seem wacky to people today, who have enough trouble culling their family snapshots. But the idea has taken hold among computer engineers: A sold-out 2004 workshop Gemmell organized on what is now known as CARPE, for "Continuous Archival and Retrieval of Personal Experiences," started participants thinking ahead to its social and legal implications. "Can we avoid subpoenas of a person's digital memory?" Gemmell asks.
Bell and Gemmell have tried, thus far unsuccessfully, to interest neuroscientists in applying MyLifeBits for patients with memory loss, such as victims of Alzheimer's. The idea may yet be too novel.
But they are convinced that the passive automated recording of one's life is too logical, and will be too easy, to resist. "It's like bucking the trend toward literacy," says Gemmell. "That reduced our ability to remember things orally, but gave us the permanency of books."
Bell, for his part, remains deeply committed to ferreting out and archiving all those records of his life still resisting his digital grasp. "I'm on a crusade right now to get all my EKGs," he says.
Golden State appears every Monday and Thursday. You can reach Michael Hiltzik at golden.state@latimes.com and read his previous columns at latimes.com/hiltzik.
Michael Hiltzik
Los Angeles Times columnist Michael Hiltzik writes a daily blog appearing on latimes.com. His seventh book, "Iron Empires: Robber Barons, Railroads, and the Making of Modern America," has just been published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Follow him on Twitter at twitter.com/hiltzikm and on Facebook at facebook.com/hiltzik.


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When you are first starting out, it is tempting to go begging for readers, sales, promotion, etc. But the best & most sustainable type of growth is organic. If you are working hard & proving your value, people will start coming to you. No one likes to be bothered. No one wants to feel obligated to support you. They want to support you b/c they believe in you… give them a reason to believe in you.
So you are working hard & leaving people alone. But how are you going to grow if no one knows about you & your products? You are going to seek out opportunities & go after them. You are going to follow your heart & say "yes" to whatever comes your way that seems like a good fit. You are going to go after opportunities that might seem just out of reach, but you are going to get them & do well at them. Let the other people tell you "no." Don't defeat yourself before even trying.
Do things when you say you are going to do them. Meet deadlines. Show up to meetings on time. Give realistic estimates. Be honest about your capabilities. All of those things are so important when trying to get ahead. You want people to be able to count on you, & you want them to genuinely enjoy working with you.
Don't worry about being too nice! Compliment people, "Like" their social media posts, congratulate them on accomplishments, give helpful advice when they ask for it. Doing this will keep you in the front of people's minds, & if an opportunity arises where they can help you in return, they will think of you in a positive way & help you get that connection, job, promotion, etc.


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text:
La sindrome di Lujan-Fryns (Lujan–Fryns syndrome, LFS) è una malattia genetica legata all'X che causa disabilità intellettiva da lieve a moderata e caratteristiche descritte come "habitus marfanoide", riferendosi a un gruppo di caratteristiche fisiche simili a quelle riscontrate nella sindrome di Marfan. Queste caratteristiche includono una statura alta e arti lunghi e snelli. La LFS è anche associata ad anomalie psicopatologiche e comportamentali e presenta una serie di malformazioni che interessano il cervello e il cuore. Il disturbo è ereditato in modo dominante legato all'X ed è attribuito a una mutazione missenso nel gene MED12.  Attualmente non esiste alcun trattamento o terapia per il malfunzionamento di MED12 e la causa esatta del disturbo rimane poco chiara.

Storia
La sindrome di Lujan-Fryns prende il nome dai medici J. Enrique Lujan e Jean-Pierre Fryns. L'osservazione iniziale di sospetta disabilità intellettiva legata all'X con caratteristiche marfanoidi e segni cranio-facciali come un palato ad arco alto è stata descritta da Lujan et al. nel 1984. Nel rapporto, sono stati descritti quattro maschi affetti, membri di un grande parentado. Ulteriori indagini sulla disabilità intellettiva legata all'X e l'habitus marfanoide in altre famiglie, inclusi due fratelli, sono state descritte da Fryns et al., a partire dal 1987. Il disturbo divenne presto noto come sindrome di Lujan-Fryns.

Sintomatologia
La disabilità intellettiva nella LFS di solito varia da lieve a moderata, ma sono stati segnalati anche casi gravi. Un'anomalia cerebrale relativamente comune osservata con la LFS è l'agenesia del corpo calloso, un errore di sviluppo embrionale in cui il corpo calloso (una struttura del cervello dei mammiferi composta da nervi che consente la comunicazione tra gli emisferi cerebrali sinistro e destro) non è presente. Tra una serie di effetti neurologici negativi a volte riscontrati con l'assenza del corpo calloso, è stato dimostrato che la disabilità intellettiva si verifica a un tasso di circa il 73%. Tuttavia, non è stata dimostrata una correlazione tra agenesia del corpo calloso e disabilità intellettiva nella LFS.

Sintomatologia psichiatrica
Anormalità psicopatologiche e comportamentali sono tipicamente osservate nella LFS e possono essere prese in considerazione nella diagnosi del disturbo. Il più comune di questi è un disturbo simile allo spettro dell'autismo e l'LFS è considerata uno dei numerosi disturbi genetici associati all'autismo. Ulteriori alterazioni psicopatologiche con manifestazioni comportamentali che sono state osservate nella LFS includono: comportamento psicotico, schizofrenia, iperattività e disturbo da deficit di attenzione e iperattività, aggressività, disturbo oppositivo provocatorio, disturbo ossessivo compulsivo, estrema timidezza, difficoltà di apprendimento, deterioramento cognitivo, deficit della memoria a breve termine, bassa tolleranza alla frustrazione, disfunzione sociale, mancanza di controllo degli impulsi, disturbi alimentari e malnutrizione associata, attribuiti a perdita di appetito psicogena, e piromania.

Mentre è lecito attendersi condizioni psichiatriche come queste con la LFS, sono stati descritti anche casi di disturbo con una certa conservazione delle capacità mentali e comportamentali, come la risoluzione dei problemi, il ragionamento e un'intelligenza normale.

La psicopatologia della LFS di solito mostra schizofrenia. Quando la schizofrenia viene diagnosticata in un individuo noto per essere affetto da disabilità intellettiva, la LFS può essere presa in considerazione nella diagnosi differenziale della schizofrenia, con conferma della causa attraverso appropriati metodi di valutazione psichiatrica e genetica.

Habitus marfanoide
La LFS si distingue clinicamente dalle altre forme di disabilità intellettiva legate all'X per la presenza dell'habitus marfanoide. L'habitus marfanoide descrive un gruppo di caratteristiche fisiche comuni alla sindrome di Marfan. Oltre alla sindrome di Marfan e alla LFS, caratteristiche marfanoidi di questo tipo sono state osservate anche con diversi altri disturbi, uno dei quali è la neoplasia endocrina multipla di tipo 2.

Nella LFS, le caratteristiche specifiche identificate come marfanoidi comprendono: una faccia lunga e stretta; statura alta e magra; arti, dita di mani e piedi lunghi e affusolati (non diversamente dall'aracnodattilia) con articolazioni iperestensibili, alluci accorciati e secondo dito del piede allungato.

La diagnosi di habitus marfanoide nella LFS è spesso ritardata perché molte delle caratteristiche fisiche e delle caratteristiche ad esso associate non sono solitamente evidenti fino all'adolescenza.

Testa e viso
Le caratteristiche craniofacciali della LFS includono: ipoplasia mascellare (sottosviluppo dell'osso mascellare superiore), mandibola piccola (osso mascellare inferiore) e mento sfuggente, un palato ad arco alto, con affollamento e disallineamento dei denti superiori; macrocefalia (cranio ingrandito) con fronte prominente, voce ipernasale, naso lungo con ponte nasale alto e stretto; un prolabio corto e profondo, orecchie basse con qualche apparente retroversione, ipotonia (diminuzione del tono muscolare), pectus excavatum (una malformità del torace), maggiore dimensione testicolare nei maschi, e convulsioni.

La voce ipernasale, o "ipernasalità", è principalmente il risultato dell'insufficienza velofaringea, un'aberrazione a volte congenita in cui lo sfintere velofaringeo lascia entrare troppa aria nella cavità nasale durante l'eloquio. Nella LFS, l'ipernasalità può anche essere causata dall'incapacità del palato molle e dell'ugola di raggiungere la parete posteriore della faringe (la cavità interna della gola dove generalmente si verifica la deglutizione) durante l'eloquio, una condizione che può essere associata a una palatoschisi sottomucosa.

Cuore
Sono state riportate diverse caratteristiche che coinvolgono il cuore in diversi casi di LFS, la più significativa delle quali è la dilatazione della radice aortica, una sezione dell'aorta ascendente. La dilatazione della radice aortica è associata a un rischio notevolmente maggiore di dissezione della parete aortica, con conseguente aneurisma aortico. Poiché ciò presenta una possibile conseguenza pericolosa per la vita, vengono impiegati metodi di valutazione cardiaca di routine come l'ecocardiogramma quando il disturbo viene diagnosticato per la prima volta, insieme alle scansioni MRI del cervello per lo screening di sospetta agenesia del corpo calloso. Ulteriori effetti sul cuore che sono stati descritti sono il difetto del setto ventricolare e il difetto del setto atriale.

Eziologia
Una mutazione missenso nel gene MED12, situato sul cromosoma X umano, è stata stabilita come causa della LFS. Le mutazioni missenso sono mutazioni genetiche puntiformi in cui un singolo nucleotide nella sequenza genetica viene scambiato con un altro. Ciò porta a una sostituzione erronea di un particolare amminoacido nella sequenza proteica durante la traduzione. La mutazione missenso nel gene MED12, che causa LFS, è identificata come p.N1007S.  Ciò indica che l'amminoacido asparagina, normalmente situato nella posizione 1007 lungo la sequenza MED12, è stato erroneamente sostituito dalla serina. Questa mutazione in MED12 causa un'espressione e un'attività errate della proteina codificata, determinando il disturbo.

Patogenesi

MED12, o mediatore della trascrizione della RNA polimerasi II, subunità 12 omologa di S. cerevisiae, è una delle numerose subunità nel complesso mediatore dei mammiferi, che regola la RNA polimerasi II durante la trascrizione dell'mRNA.

Il complesso mediatore è necessario per la trascrizione della polimerasi II e funge da ponte tra l'enzima polimerasi II e diversi fattori di trascrizione gene-specifici. Il mediatore può contenere fino a 30 subunità, ma alcune di esse sono necessarie solo per la regolazione della trascrizione in particolari tessuti o cellule. Attualmente non è chiaro il meccanismo esatto con cui la disfunzione di MED12 provoca la LFS e le sue caratteristiche neuropsicopatiche e fisiche associate. L'habitus marfanoide, il palato fortemente arcuato e molte altre caratteristiche della LFS possono essere riscontrate nella sindrome di Marfan, una malattia del tessuto connettivo. La scoperta della dilatazione della radice aortica in entrambi i disturbi suggerisce che una mutazione in un gene non specificato che regola il tessuto connettivo può contribuire all'eziologia della LFS.

Numerosi risultati sperimentali interessanti sono stati ottenuti studiando le mutazioni di MED12 nel pesce zebra, un modello animale che rappresenta i vertebrati. Nel pesce zebra, una mutazione in MED12 è stata riconosciuta responsabile del mutante immobile (motionless, mot) . I pesci zebra con la mutazione mot hanno difetti neuronali e cardiovascolari, sebbene non tutti i tipi di neuroni siano interessati. L'introduzione dell'mRNA di MED12 umano nel pesce zebra ripristina il normale sviluppo. MED12 è anche un coattivatore critico per il gene SOX9, che è coinvolto nella regolazione dello sviluppo di neuroni, cartilagine e ossa. Nel pesce zebra, i difetti di MED12 causano un sviluppo anormale di strutture embrionali dei vertebrati come la cresta neurale, che altererebbe la funzione del sistema nervoso autonomo e periferico; e causano anche malformazioni dei tipi di cellule che fungono da precursori della cartilagine e delle ossa, come gli osteociti. Alcune caratteristiche trovate in LFS, come l'agenesia del corpo calloso e le anomalie cranio-facciali correlate alla cartilagine, sono simili ai difetti riscontrati nel pesce zebra con MED12 e mutazioni associate.

Genetica

La sindrome di Lujan-Fryns è ereditata in modo dominante legato all'X. Ciò significa che il gene difettoso responsabile del disturbo (MED12) si trova sul cromosoma X e solo una copia del gene difettoso è sufficiente per causare il disturbo quando ereditato da un genitore che ha la patologia. I maschi sono normalmente emizigoti per il cromosoma X, avendone solo una copia. Di conseguenza, i disturbi dominanti legati all'X di solito mostrano una maggiore espressività nei maschi rispetto alle femmine. Si pensa che questo fenomeno si verifichi con la LFS.

Poiché il cromosoma X è uno dei due cromosomi sessuali, l'ereditarietà legata all'X è determinata dal sesso del genitore portatore del gene specifico e spesso può sembrare complessa. Questo perché, in genere, le femmine hanno due copie del cromosoma X, mentre i maschi ne hanno solo una. La differenza tra i modelli di ereditarietà dominante e recessiva gioca anche un ruolo nel determinare le possibilità che un bambino erediti un disturbo legato all'X dai suoi genitori.

Nella LFS, si sospettava un'eredità dominante legata all'X, poiché i fratelli maschi e femmine di una famiglia presentavano entrambi il disturbo. Uno scenario come questo sarebbe possibile anche con l'ereditarietà recessiva legata all'X, ma in questo caso particolare, si credeva che la ragazza fosse un'eterozigote  manifestante il fenotipo portatrice di una copia del gene mutato.

Sono stati segnalati casi sporadici di LFS, in cui il disturbo è presente in un individuo senza precedenti familiari, anche in un piccolo numero di maschi affetti.

Somiglianze con altre malattie genetiche
È stato riscontrato un individuo che mostra disabilità intellettiva e altri sintomi simili alla LFS, e che presenta una delezione terminale della regione subtelomerica nel braccio corto del cromosoma 5. La delezione di quest'area del cromosoma 5 è associata a disabilità intellettiva, comportamento psicotico, autismo, macrocefalia ed eloquio ipernasale, così come la sindrome del cri du chat. Fryns (2006) suggerisce che dovrebbe essere eseguito un esame dettagliato del cromosoma 5 con la tecnica FISH come parte della diagnosi differenziale di LFS.

Le mutazioni nel gene UPF3B, che si trovano anche sul cromosoma X, sono un'altra causa di disabilità intellettiva legata all'X. UPF3B fa parte del complesso di decadimento dell'mRNA mediato da un nonsenso (NMD), che esegue la sorveglianza dell'mRNA, rilevando le sequenze di mRNA che sono state erroneamente troncate (accorciate) dalla presenza di mutazioni nonsenso. Mutazioni in UPF3B alterano e prevengono la normale funzione del pathway del NMD, con conseguente traduzione ed espressione di sequenze di mRNA troncate in proteine malfunzionanti che possono essere associate a errori di sviluppo e disabilità intellettiva. È stato riscontrato che gli individui di due famiglie con diagnosi di LFS e una famiglia con FGS presentavano mutazioni in UPF3B, confermando che le manifestazioni cliniche delle diverse mutazioni possono sovrapporsi.

Diagnosi
Sebbene la LFS sia solitamente sospettata quando si osservano insieme disabilità intellettiva e habitus marfanoide in un paziente, la diagnosi di LFS può essere confermata dalla presenza del mutazione missenso in p.N1007S nel gene MED12.

Diagnosi differenziale
Nella diagnosi differenziale della LFS, un altro disturbo che mostra alcune caratteristiche e sintomi di LFS ed è anche associato a una mutazione missenso di MED12 è la sindrome di Opitz-Kaveggia (FGS). Le caratteristiche comuni condivise da LFS e FGS comprendono disabilità intellettiva legata all'X, iperattività, macrocefalia, agenesia del corpo calloso e ipotonia. Le caratteristiche significative della FGS che non sono state descritte nella LFS includono logorrea, la forza costante nella capacità di socializzazione, ano imperforato (occlusione dell'ano) e ipertelorismo oculare (ampio spazio tra gli occhi).

Mentre la LFS è associata alla mutazione missenso in p. N1007S, la FGS è associata a una mutazione missenso in p. R961 W. Poiché entrambi i disturbi hanno origine da un tipo identico di mutazione nello stesso gene, pur esibendo caratteristiche simili ma distinte, LFS e FGS sono considerati alleliche. Nel contesto di MED12, ciò suggerisce che il fenotipo di ciascun disturbo è correlato al modo in cui le rispettive mutazioni alterano la sequenza di MED12 e la sua funzione.

Terapia
Sebbene non esista un trattamento specifico per la causa genetica sottostante la LFS, è possibile prendere in considerazione procedure correttive, misure di intervento preventivo e terapie per la gestione dei numerosi problemi craniofacciali, ortopedici e psichiatrici associati al disturbo. Problemi più urgenti come il coinvolgimento cardiaco o le crisi epilettiche dovrebbero essere regolarmente esaminati e monitorati. Dovrebbero essere prestate particolare attenzione e cure specialistiche di follow-up, compresi metodi e terapie di valutazione neuropsicologica, e un'educazione speciale, per diagnosticare e prevenire disturbi psichiatrici e problemi comportamentali correlati come psicosi ed esplosioni di aggressività.

Epidemiologia
La sindrome di Lujan-Fryns è una sindrome dominante legata all'X rara ed è più comune nei maschi che nelle femmine. La sua prevalenza nella popolazione generale non è stata ancora determinata.

Note

Bibliografia
 Voce GeneReview / NIH / UW su MED12 -Related Disorders

Voci correlate
 Sindrome dell'X fragile
 Sindrome di Aarskog
 Sindrome di Coffin-Lowry

Altri progetti

Neuropsichiatria infantile
Disturbi psichici
Malattie genetiche


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text:
Joe Suchecki
New York City FC Academy
Navy Men
Johan Penaranda
NY, United States
Seattle Sounders, NYCFC win Boys Development Academy titles
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In 1919, equestrian performer and World War I amputee Holt Farrier returns after the war to the Medici Brothers' Circus, run by Max Medici. The circus has run into financial troubles and Medici has been forced to sell the circus's horses after Holt's wife and co-performer, Annie, passed away, so Medici reassigns Holt as the caretaker for the circus's pregnant elephant, Mrs. Jumbo. Mrs. Jumbo gives birth to a calf with unusually large ears and Medici orders Holt to hide the ears before allowing the public to see the calf. However, the calf accidentally reveals his ears in his debut performance and the crowd mockingly names the calf Dumbo while pelting him with peanuts and other objects. Mrs. Jumbo is distressed by her son's mistreatment and rampages into the ring, causing extensive damage and accidentally killing an abusive handler. Afterwards, to prevent a public relations problem, Medici results to selling Mrs. Jumbo. Holt's son and daughter, Joe and Milly Farrier, comfort Dumbo and realize he can fly by flapping his ears. The children also discover that feathers are the key to Dumbo's willingness to fly. In another performance, Dumbo plays the role of a firefighter clown to put out a fire with water sprayed from his trunk, but the performance goes wrong and Dumbo is trapped on a high platform surrounded by flames. Milly risks her life to deliver a feather to Dumbo, giving him the confidence to fly. The audience is astounded when Dumbo flying and word of his talent begins to spread. V. A. Vandevere, the owner of Dreamland, a bohemian amusement park, approaches Medici and proposes a collaboration; Medici would become Vandevere's partner and the Medici Brothers' Circus's troupe would be employed to perform at Dreamland. Later, Vandevere demands that Dumbo should fly with French trapeze artist, Colette Marchant. Colette and Dumbo's debut performance at Dreamland goes wrong with Dumbo nearly falling off a high platform leading to him trumpeting in alarm since no net has been added to avoid possible injuries and fatalities. Dumbo hears his mother's call in response and realizes that his mother is an exhibit elsewhere in Dreamland. Dumbo flies out of the circus ring, reuniting with his mother. Fearing that Dumbo's mother may become a distraction to him, Vandevere orders Mrs. Jumbo to be taken away and killed. Vandevere also fires all of the Medici performers from Dreamland. When Holt and the rest of the Medici troupe learn Vandevere intends to kill Dumbo's mother, they resolve to set both her and Dumbo free. The circus performers utilize their various talents to break Mrs. Jumbo out of her enclosure while Holt and Colette guide Dumbo to fly out of the circus. Vandevere attempts to stop them, but accidentally starts a fire triggered by mismanagement of Dreamland's electricity system which spreads and destroys the park. After Dumbo saves Holt and his family from the fire, Holt, Colette, the children, and the troupe bring Dumbo and his mother to the harbor, where they board a ship back to their native home. Afterwards, the renamed Medici circus is re-established (while it is implied that Vandevere is tried for arson through misconduct) and flourishes with Colette as the newest troupe member. Meanwhile, Dumbo and his mother reunite with a herd of wild elephants in the jungle.


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text:
G STORM (G 风暴) (2021)
Director: David Lam
Cast: Louis Koo, Julian Cheung, Kevin Cheng, Jessica Hsuan, Bosco Wong, Rosyam Nor
Rating: PG13
Released By: Shaw Organisation
Opening Day: 31 December 2021
Synopsis: Luk (Louis Koo) and Ching (Kevin Cheng) were working on a Customs corruption case. They found out the case was linked to King, the leader of an international human trafficking group, which also involved Emma Pong (Jessica Hsuan), the Chief Justice of South East Asia. Luk and Ching, together with Chief Inspector Lau Po-keung (Julian Cheung), were determined to bring King to justice.
We'd be honest that we had never thought after watching 'Z Storm' that it would spawn a franchise that now spans four sequels, and yet here we are with 'G Storm', touted as the concluding chapter after a seven-year run. As with the earlier movies, this latest is anchored by ICAC Special Investigator William Luk (Louis Koo), who finds himself going up against a ruthless gang of human traffickers bent on assassinating a chief justice Emma Pong (Jessica Hsuan) intent on exposing their misdeeds.
Besides Luk, other characters which return for the sequel include Chief Inspector Lau Po-keung (Julian Cheung), ICAC inspector Ching Tak-ming (Kevin Cheng) and fellow-inmate-turned-informer Wong Lam-luk (Louis Cheung). It's as packed an ensemble as it gets, what with new characters such as Tak-ming's half-brother Fei-hung (Bosco Wong), former drug lord-turned-terrorist leader King (Malaysian actor Rosyam Nor), and the enigmatic criminal mastermind Siu Cheuk-ah (Michael Tse) added to the fray.
Those who have seen any of the earlier four movies will know that they are primarily plot- than character-driven, and with director David Lam and writer Wong Ho-wah back at the helm, 'G Storm' is no different. Opening with a skyline of Singapore's Central Business District with the intertitle of "somewhere in a Southeast Asian city", the movie wastes no time in embroiling the fates of Luk and Judge Pong, when the latter is targeted by a suicide bomber and other gunmen at the fictional Pan-Asia Convention Against Corruption and is saved by the former.
Back in Hong Kong, Ching and other ICAC colleagues have been tracking the activities of businessman Kwong Yat-long (the late and great Liu Kai Chi). Whether out of expediency or sheer laziness, Luk immediately links what happened back in "Singapore" to Kwong, and after tailing him from the Western District Public Cargo Working Area to a warehouse, the ICAC team discover following a brief shootout a container packed with girls abducted from their villages along the Thai-Burmese border. It so happens too that Judge Pong has arrived in Hong Kong under a guest speaking invitation at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre, setting the stage for Hong Kong to be the focus of criminal and terrorist activity.
Not unlike the earlier movies, the plotting is as straightforward as it gets. Lau is assigned to protect Judge Pong during her time in Hong Kong, and has to weather not one but two further attempts by King and his men at eliminating her. While Lau is busy with Judge Pong, Luk tries to uncover Siu's links to the smuggling as well as to King, inadvertently endangering those to whom he is close to. Oh yes, it unfolds like a procedural, though not with the kind of attention of detail you would expect of good police work.
Those looking for some good old Hong Kong cops-and-robbers action will also be disappointed. Despite touting itself as the most action-packed instalment, and with veteran Li Chung-chi as action director, the shoot-outs and vehicular chases are largely humdrum. The only consolation is that the finale does end on a series high, with an extended climactic sequence which wraps a hostage/ bomb disposal situation, a tense gunfight along the corridors of the famed Hong Kong Cultural Centre and a closed-door firefight within the dome theatre of the neighbouring Hong Kong Space Museum. That said, it is frustrating that Lam hasn't gotten any better at shooting the action in his 'Storm' movies after four equally middling chapters.
Indeed, 'G Storm' is as mediocre as 'Z Storm', and a good reminder therefore of why we had never expected that Koo would go on to reprise his role as the fictional ICAC Special Investigator William Luk in four subsequent thematically related sequels. It's equally surprising that Lam and his stalwart producer Raymond Wong has been able to attract such a stellar cast for such an underwhelming effort, especially given how little each one of the individual members is given to work with in the movie. Now that the franchise has officially come to a close, we hope Koo, Cheung (both Julian and Louis), Cheng, Hsuan and Tse will find much more compelling material worthy of their considerable talents.
(Except for its climax, this anti-corruption procedural is as middling and as unexceptional as the other four 'Storm' instalments which have come before it)
P STORM (P 风暴) (2019)
L STORM (L风暴) (2018)
S STORM (S风暴) (2016)
Z STORM (Z风暴) (2014)


text:
XETRA ("Exchange Electronic Trading") est une plateforme d'échanges de titres financiers basée à Francfort (Allemagne). Elle a été instaurée pour le Frankfurt Stock Exchange en . L'opérateur boursier de cette plateforme d'échange depuis son lancement jusqu'à aujourd'hui est Deutsche Börse.

Références

Bourse en Allemagne


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text:
Tennessee Journal of Race, Gender, & Social Justice
Trace Home
Home > Colleges & Schools > Law > College of Law Journals > RGSJ > Vol. 6 (2017) > Iss. 1
Coaches in Court: Legal Challenges to Sex Discrimination in College Athletics
Erin E. Buzuvis, Western New England College School of LawFollow
Buzuvis, Erin E. (2017) "Coaches in Court: Legal Challenges to Sex Discrimination in College Athletics," Tennessee Journal of Race, Gender, & Social Justice: Vol. 6 : Iss. 1 , Article 4.
Available at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/rgsj/vol6/iss1/4
Law Commons
Executive Editorial Board
Symposium Edition, Part 2: Title IX: History, Legacy, and Controversy
The Inaugural Issue of RGSJ
All Issues Vol. 8, Iss. 1 Vol. 7, Iss. 2 Vol. 7, Iss. 1 Vol. 6, Iss. 2 Vol. 6, Iss. 1 Vol. 5, Iss. 2 Vol. 5, Iss. 1 Vol. 4, Iss. 2 Vol. 4, Iss. 1 Vol. 3, Iss. 2 Vol. 3, Iss. 1 Vol. 2, Iss. 2 Vol. 2, Iss. 1 Vol. 1, Iss. 2 Vol. 1, Iss. 1


A flexible drive cable inside a flexible tube links a small magnet inside the speedometer to the gearbox output shaft.
The magnet rotates with the shaft and its magnetic field attracts a metal drum to turn the speedometer needle against the force of a hair spring. The needle moves round the dial until the restraining force of the hair spring brings it to rest to give a reading of the road speed.
Of all the instruments you can find on a modern car dashboard, only one is a legal requirement - the speedometer and its built-in milometer (also called an odometer).
In common with other developments in car technology, the trend is now towards using electronics in speedometers. But most cars - even ones being built today - have a mechanical speedometer, usually with a needle and calibrated dial to show the speed. The design of this type of speedometer has hardly changed in the last 50 years.
Mechanical speedometers measure the speed of a car by being linked mechanically with the gearbox output shaft. Since this shaft lies 'downstream' of the gearbox, the speed with which it rotates is independent of gear changes and so gives a true measure of the road speed.
Inside the gearbox, the output shaft contains a gear wheel which rotates with the shaft. Linked to this gear wheel, and driven by it, is a small pinion gear, the speedometer chive pinion, which links in turn to the speedometer cable that runs up to the speedometer itself.
The speedo cable consists of an inner cable running inside a protective outer sheath. The ends of the speedometer inner cable are squared off, and fit into squared holes in the drive pinion at the gearbox and the drive in the back of the speedometer. As the pinion rotates, driven by the gearbox output shaft, it causes the inner cable to rotate with it.
The other end of the cable fits to a drive shaft leading into the speedometer. On the end of this shaft is a magnet. Positioned close to (but not touching) the magnet is a cup-shaped metal drum that is attached to the needle giving the reading on the dial. A small coiled hair spring holds the needle at zero.
The magnet causes a needle to move round a circular dial.
The drum is attracted by the magnet so, as the magnet turns, the drum turns too. The faster the car is travelling, the greater the pull of the magnet on the metal drum and the further the needle moves round the dial. But the restraining force of the hair spring also increases as the needle moves round the dial. At a certain point the forces of the spring and the magnet balance out and the needle steadies to give a reading.
The two other common types of mechanical speedometer give the reading by a bar or a mark moving along a straight calibrated scale.
Both are roughly similar in operation to the round dial type of speedometer - a cable driven by the gearbox output shaft turns a magnet which causes some sort of indicator to move against the force of a restraining hair spring.
The magnet causes a ribbon to reel off one spool and on to the other. A mark on the ribbon measures the speed against a straight scale.
In one type the indicator consists of a moving ribbon attached at each end to a spool. The magnet causes the ribbon to reel off one spool to the other against the force of the hair spring. As the ribbon moves, a mark on it lines up with the calibrated scale to give a reading.
The magnet causes a drum to rotate. As it does so, a mark on the drum lines up with a straight scale to indicate road speed.
The other type of indicator using a straight scale rather than a dial has a barrel marked with a line. The magnet causes the barrel to rotate until stopped by the hair spring. Again, as the barrel moves, the mark on it lines up with the scale to indicate the speed.
On both these types of speedometer the ribbon or barrel is usually a different colour on each side of the marker line to make the speed easier for the driver to read.
Since the speedometer measures the rotation of the gearbox output shaft, it is a relatively simple matter to use this information to work out how far the car has travelled. This is why the milometer (often called an odometer) is built into the speedometer.
The milometer is worked by a small gear linked to the inner cable where it emerges into the speedometer. This gear drives a series of gears which rotate separate barrels carrying numbers 0 to 9. The gearing is arranged so that each number clicks on after the correct distance and, when it reaches number 9, moves its neighbour on by 1.
Some cars have two milometers. One (called a trip meter) the driver can reset via a dash-mounted control to measure distances. The other milometer cannot be reset to ensure that it measures the mileage travelled by the car during its lifetime, or at least until it 'goes round the clock' (usually 100,000 miles). All cars have the second type of milometer; only some have the first too.
In common with the trend towards electronic dashboard instruments, electronic speedometers are now becoming much more popular, even though mechanical ones are generally reliable.
The most common type has a magnet attached to the gearbox output shaft and an electronic unit positioned close by to act as a pickup. Every time the rotating magnet passes the pick-up unit, the unit sends a pulse of electric current down a wire to the speedometer. An electronic 'black box' inside the speedo uses these impulses to calculate the speed of the car.
How accurate is a speedometer?
No speedometer can be perfectly accurate. For example, the measured speed is bound to change slightly from the true road speed if the tyres are not at their correct tyre pressure and also as the tyres wear down.
So for safety reasons the law requires speedometers to be accurate within a range of speeds: it must read no slower than the actual road speed of the car, and it is allowed to give speeds of up to 10 per cent greater 2.5mph (4km per hour).
The 2.5mph is included because a 10 per cent error at very slow speeds would mean that the speedometer would have to be accurate to, say 0.5mph, which is not practicable.


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