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Read Effects of WTO, World Bank & IMF on farming in Less Developed Countries.indd text version
Effects of WTO, World Bank & IMF on Farming in Less Developed Countries
Abdullah Al Saleh Philanthropist
Published by www.abdullahalsaleh.com 2010
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Abdullah Al Saleh
Trade World Bank & International Monetary Fund World Trade Organization Table 1: Tariff bindings on Industrial and Agricultural products
Agreement on Agriculture
Market Access Domestic Support Table 2: Reduction Commitments for Developed and Developing Countries Export Subsidies
1 1 2 2 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 9 10 11 14
Effects of Agreement on Agriculture
Market Access Export Subsidies Domestic Support Table 3: Ranges of Notified Current Total AMS levels, 1995-99 Figure 1: Patterns of world trade in agriculture and other commodities
Case Study: South Asia
Table 4: Coefficient of Variation of monthly Prices
Conclusion Bibliography
In less developed countries (LDCs), agriculture and rural development is crucial in the efforts to reduce poverty. Agriculture is the backbone of LDCs; it not only accounts for 30 to 60% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of all LDCs but also employs almost 70% of the population. Agriculture also has an impact on the foreign exchange market, and is the primary source of food and basic needs to the majority of LDC's population. During the 1990s, the agricultural output of most LDCs increased to 2.8% at an annual average rate, exceeding the rate in the 1980s: 1.9 percent, with an average progress per capita. In contrast, the recent report for 2000  2005 reveals little improvements, or even minor decline, in output; the same holds true for staple food production per capita. Moreover, limited food production growth, along with sharp, unstable fluctuations in output, is a chronic and crucial problem for LDCs, especially considering that food insecurity most often leads to poverty. In 1995  1997 and 2002  2004, the total undernourished population in LDCs increased from 34% to 41%, and those who are significantly undernourished increased from 116 million to 169 million (United Nations, 2007, p. 3).
Globalization has both challenges and opportunities for agriculture in LDCs. While benefiting from globalization depends on growth and development and being able to access markets through trade, there are factors that constrain the internal supply-side, which is linked to economic underdevelopment, that contribute to uncompetitive exports. In the field of international agriculture trade, LDCs have insignificant and even declining participation; therefore, LDCs share in the international agriculture export market decreased in 1970  1979 from 3.2% to 1.9%, and by another 0.9% in 2000  2004. As a result, LDCs constitute only 1.9% of the world's import. On the other hand, in 2000  2004, there was a 10% increase in the world agriculture trade; out of 48 LDCs, 17 of them experienced a decline in the agriculture exports. In addition, their share of significant agricultural commodities has fallen sharply by 37% from the 1980s to 2004 for key commodities such as cocoa, timber, tea, and coffee. Hence, in 2004, trade in Sub-Saharan Africa LDCs constituted 26% of the world's total agricultural imports, whereas 17% was LDCs exports to Asia in the same year (United Nations, 2001). At the international level, the WTO, World Bank, and IMF had both a positive and negative direct effect on LDC agriculture.
World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The World Bank and IMF Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) were first introduced in 1980. Market access or trade liberalization to foreign competition and reducing the local business of government protection is crucial to SAPs; the World Bank and IMF believe that free trade is the best way to promote growth and development, strong currency for debt repayment, and offers a long-term strategy for poverty reduction. Since the introduction of SAPs, there were minor benefits to farmers compared to thousands of farmers losing their land and consequently their livelihood - most LDC farmers rely on farming as a source of food and income. The World Bank and IMF perspective for growth and development is via increasing exports. Unfortunately, this perspective comes at the expense of farmer's way of living. For example, production must be shifted to cash-crops; for this to be done, traditional crops grown for local consumption will become crops that are produced for developed countries. Therefore, governments cut incentives for growing local products to growing export crops So growth, development and sustainable farming strategy proposed by the World Bank and IMF to the farmers in the LDCs cannot achieve its ultimate goal if the farmers cannot feed themselves (Jubilee USA Network, 2004).
The third factor that will be discussed intensively in the essay is the effects of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AOA). The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (1948 - 1994) has created various rules to govern international trade, but there are several exemptions, loopholes, and exceptions that are applied to manufactured goods. For instance, the export of agriculture products is allowed to be subsidized, unlike industrial products. Consequently, lack of fairness and transparency in agriculture trade was extremely distorted. On the other hand, the achievements were to have more rule  based GATT discipline to the international agriculture trade and its related policies (Schnepf, R. 2005, p.6). In 1995, following the Uruguay Round negotiations, the WTO formed additional rules to govern agriculture and food in the international trade system. The overall aim of WTO is to use free trade to improve development and growth using increased competition, lower production costs, and commodity prices that are affordable for everyone worldwide.
Table 1. Tariff Bindings on Industrial and Agricultural products, Pre-Uruguay Round and Post-Uruguay Round Country group Percentage of Tariff lines bound Developed countries Developing countries Transition economies Total Percentage of imports under bound tariffs Developed countries Developing countries Transition economies Total 94 13 74 68 99 61 96 87 81 22 59 63 100 100 100 100 Industrial Products Pre-UR Post-UR Agricultural Products Pre-UR Post-UR
Out of the 50 LDCs WTO members, only 32 are present; this means the AOA that emerged from the Uruguay Round has been formulated under the absence of the very LDCs it is advocating for. Therefore, the challenge facing LDCs is to have the commitment and meet the obligations of the new trading system. Moreover, LDCs and other WTO members are subject to removing non  tariff measures and are obligated to all tariff lines, but most of LDCs have bounded their tariffs at higher than the agreed upon rates. They have also declared that they were not serious in supporting agriculture; indeed, most of the members stopped subsidizing agriculture and instead taxed the sector either explicitly, by taxing
most of the commodities production and export, or implicitly, by securing the agricultural industry. However, a benefit of the AOA for LDCs is to develop an added value industry and reduce tariffs. To the benefit of farmers, the tariffs on the primary commodities are lower than the processed agricultural products. Currently, LDC tariff rates on a variety of processed products such as leather, coffee extracts, crude vegetable oils, and cocoa pastes are low. In contrast, tariffs were cut significantly for the crucial processed commodities that are not currently exported by LDCs but this may occur in the post-Doha situation (United Nations, 2001).
Agreement on Agriculture (AOA)
Under the umbrella of WTO, AOA is one of the 29 individual texts that are fully dedicated to agriculture as the first multilateral agreement. AOA's aim is to reorganize trade in the agricultural sector for better market orientation to the country members, in order to improve the import and export security. There are three pillars of the AOA that reduce and limit the amount of distortive subsidies subjected to their agriculture sectors: market access, domestic agriculture support, and export subsidies (Schnepf, R. 2005, p. 12). developing countries, along with along with a minimum tariff reduction of 10% for any one product (Action Aid 2010, p. 3).
Domestic Support
Domestic support broadly refers to the agricultural policies and regulations that have an impact on farming in general, whether in production, resource consumption, or even environmental issues. WTO members can play with the electorate to support their own domestic policies so that they can pursue various national policy objectives. Articles 6 and annexes 2, 3, and 4 of the AOA focus on domestic support, and the WTO has categorized the domestic subsidies into three classes: Green, Blue, and Amber boxes. Green boxes are subsidies that are not subjected to WTO reduction commitments that do not cause minimal distortion and are deemed to not distort trade. Blue boxes are mainly any support to amber boxes on the condition that there is limit production to agricultural producers in addition to no limit spending; amber boxes are subsidies that are considered to distort trade and production and are subjected to WTO reduction commitments (Schnepf, R. 2005, p.6).
Market access refers to the amount of imports permitted by a country. The WTO offers a more detailed definition: the regulations of governing tariff and non-tariff measures agreed to by the WTO members for particular goods to enter their markets (Ibid). Articles 4, 5, and annex 5 are important articles that discuss what is meant by market access and highlight the need for tariffication, the process of eliminating all non-tariff barriers. Bound rate is a ceiling rate where tariffs should not exceed, with any exceptions for any country. As shown in Table 2, this means a 36% reduction of import tariffs over 6 years for developed countries, along with a minimum tariff reduction of 15% for any one product, as well as the 24%reduction of import tariffs within a period of 10 years for the
Table 2. Reduction Commitments for Developed and Developing Countries
Developed countries Implementation Period: 1995-2000 Developing countries Implementation Period: 1995-2004
Tariffs Average cut for all agricultural products Minimum cut per product Domestic support Total AMS cuts for sector (base period: 1986-88) Export Subsidies Value of subsidies Subsidized quantities (base period: 1986-90)
Least Developed Countries are exempted from reduction commitments Source :
(Pal, P. 2010, p.13)
Exports Subsidies
Export subsidies are direct or indirect incentives by the government to commercial firms in the form of incentives that support and encourage the growth of foreign sales of domestic products. Direct export subsidies are most often used when a country's local price for a good is artificially increased over the world market price. According to the AOA, there is no limit on indirect export subsidies, only for the direct export agricultural subsidies (Schnepf, 2005, p. 9). Articles 8 through 11 of the
AOA concentrate on the export subsidies; as shown in Table 2, the value and volume if export subsidies decreased by 36% and 24%, respectively for developed countries from 1986-1990. On the other hand, 24% and 10% of export subsidies respectively reduced by value and volume for the developing countries over ten years period from base period 1986-1990 (Action Aid 2010, p.3). Since the AOA came into action, it has demonstrated limited positive and major negative effects that are explained in the following section.
Effects of AOA
The transparency of agricultural policies in WTO members is one of the positive effects of AOA, which has also created a base of quantitative and qualitative information on agricultural policies in WTO members. Useful experiences have been created since 1995 that provide useful structure in market access, export subsidies, and domestic support (Tangermann, S. 2001, p. 17). actual impact on trading conditions. The impact of the implementation of export competition is a crucial for the reliability of the Agreement, and the positive changes it has relative to the conditions practiced before the period of Uruguay Round. Therefore, regarding on this particular aspect, the AOA has worked well (Tangermann, S. 2001, p. 24).
The first test for AOA is that after four years of initiating the agreement, all WTO members have bound the tariffs on all agricultural products. There are many cases, mainly in developing countries as down to the consistency of tariffs are concerned, where assigned tariffs continue to be considerably below the levels of bindings. Only a limited number of complaints have been declared when WTO claimed that a member had assigned an import regime that resulted in a breach of its tariff binding (Tangermann, S. 2001, p. 22).
The most innovative part of the AOA is the domestic support in terms of significantly distinguishing agriculture from other industries and founding new rules. In 1995, many WTO members, as measured by the Current total Aggregate Pressure Support (AMS), were considerably below the levels of domestic support commitments (Table 3). Only Korea and Slovenia exceeded the commitment level by more than 90%. In all other years since 1995, half of all WTO members have consumed below 60% of their domestic support commitments (Tangermann, S. 2001, p. 29).
Export Subsidies
One of the most important pillars of the AOA is export subsidies, which had a great impact on the rules of agriculture over the "old" GATT, in the sense of formulating effective constraints on the current agriculture policies, as well as in terms of
Table 3. Ranges of Notified Current Total AMS Levels, 1995-99
Current Total AMS as a percentage of Total AMS commitments levels (number of notifications)
Implementation year
Current Total AMS as a percentage of Total AMS commitments levels (number of notifications) 0-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81 and over
Source: taken from WTO secretariat (2000e) Conversely, it has been analyzed that WTO agreements have not been successfully promoting growth in agricultural trade. In 1948, the average import duty on international goods was 40% for developed countries; this has declined to 6.4% in 1990 through the efforts of GATT. The years of 1960  1970 marked rapid growth world trade (Figure 1); however, a sharp decline in global agriculture exports reached 3.3% during 1980  1990. The only year that agriculture exports made double-digit growth (16%) was in 2003 (Kalirjan & Singh, 2006, p. 7).
Figure 1. Patterns of World Trade in Agriculture and Other Commodities
Total a Agricultural products Manufactures
Trade Index (1995=100)
WTO world trade statistics (Kalirjan & Singh 2006, p. 7).
Critics of AOA say that it had used a `'one size fits all approach'', not taking into consideration the differences between the agricultural systems in both developed and developing countries. For example, it ignored the fact that the main contributor to the national income and a source of livelihood is the agriculture sector in LDCs, with a share of 26% in GDP, 27% contribution to the foreign exchange market, and 70% of the population who are engaged in agriculture. The case in developed countries is less sensitive: only 3% shares in the GDP, an 8.3% contribution to the foreign exchange market, and 4% of the population are engaged in agriculture. Moreover, LDCs are exempt from any reduction commitment; rather than ensuring flexibility to enforce trade policies, they did not take into account that each country has its own development objectives and procedures that will take additional time to implement the agreement. The AOA also discriminated between the needs for economical diversification of LDCs and the condition of no guarantee of food security. On the other hand, the way in which subsidies are classified is in favour of developed countries producers, by the provision of Peace Clause and Special Safeguards (SSG) (Action Aid 2010, p. 4). Technically, AOA works against the growth, prosperity, development, and food security needs of LDCs. Under the agreement, WTO members should only produce goods with low costs or those with which they have a comparative advantage among other members to import those plus the local production of food crops, from others that can produce them with lower costs and higher efficiency.
The effect on developed countries is that by virtue of their massive amount of subsidies, they have the option of dumping food products in the international market, and must extend supplying LDCs with their up-to-date subsidized agricultural surplus and LDCs must concentrate on exporting goods that will gain them the foreign exchange to purchase food from the developed countries. Hence, LDCs consequently become more dependent on the international markets by imports that drain their scarce foreign reserves, destroy their economical agricultural growth, and weaken their capacity to supply their own people with sufficient food (Glipo, A. 2003, p. 3).
Until the 1980s, South Asian countries were worldwide among the least integrated economies that were following an import substitute industrialization approach. However, in the mid-1980s, they began looking for new economic policies and adopted the approach of export-led growth, liberalization, and privatization in order to become more globally integrated by initiating trade liberalization and changing the method of quantitative restrictions to reducing protection on market goods. Among the motivating factors for South Asian countries to increase openness was the new economic policies established by the WTO. At that point, South Asian countries believed that the policymakers of WTO would be more successful in imposing the new multilateral trading system to support export led growth approach over its predecessor GATT (Pal, P. 2010, p. 2-3). Even the Indian Commerce Minister, highlighted the beneficial aspects of trade after years of signing the AOA:
to the agriculture sector from the non-agriculture sector in the next few years"
(Pal, P. 2010, p. 7).
Given this optimistic scenario, the expectations of the impacts on growth, development, and trade liberalization on the agriculture sector were postulated under the assumption of free and fair international trade by AOA. However, following the implementation of AOA for seven years, it is now evident that the pre-UR agricultural trade issues are still pervasive. As the WTO special study summarizes, "many countries, both developing and developed, continue to protect, support, and subsidize their domestic producers and exporters of agricultural products" (WTO 2001, p. 5). Therefore, South Asian countries did not benefit much from the current global trade scenario and have new problems that affect the agricultural sector. For example, since 19951996, the prices of agricultural commodities declined in tandem with the huge number of subsidies supporting the agricultural sector in developed countries. Consequently, South Asian producers are suffering from below-average prices that increase their low competitiveness on an international level. A second scenario would be if the commodities are uncompetitive on the international level, the farmers should diversify to cash crops. However, it is not
"If `Internationalization' of our agriculture takes place it will have several implications: The terms of trade, which for long been in favour of industry, are expected to shift in favour of agriculture. It is estimated by some economists that every one per cent switch will divert about Rs 8,500 crore additionally in favour of agriculture and that about US$20 billion (over Rs 60,000 crore) will be transferred
easy for South Asian farmers to shift from one crop to the other because of low capital, a lack of knowledge about the demand in the international commodity market, and inadequate rural credit programs. All makes the decision for a farmer to make this transition is difficult or impossible. Furthermore, export competitiveness in the international market is subject to changes in prices, production, and derivatives that developed countries know more about than do farmers in LDCs. In addition, the possibility of farmers in LDCs coping with competition at the international level is very complicated (Pal, P. 2010, p. 21-23).
In Table 6, a comparative study of price changes in the pre- and post-Uruguay Round period mentions an increase in crop prices in the postUR period. Bhattacharyya and Pal (2000) show that India's production of wheat and rice differs in price in the international market than in the domestic market. Sekhar, CSC (2003) also analyzes that a large number of commodities in India have higher prices in the international market than they do in the domestic market.
Table. 4. Coefficient of Variation of Monthly Prices
Non-Fuel Commodity prices index Cocoanut Oil, Philippine/Indonesia, cif Rotterdam Groundnut Oil, US runners, cif European Coffee, Other Milds, El Salvdor and Guatemala, ex-dock New York Coffee, Robusta, Uganda and Cote dlvoire, ex-dock New York
1994 to Dec - 1990 Jan-
2001 to Jul - 1995 Jan
Source: Price data from IMF, authors' calculation, shaded commodities have decline in price volatility (Pal, P. 2010, p. 19).
The complex array of agricultural policies that are supported in developed countries significantly affects the countries that impose them, as well as LDCs. Moreover, developed countries invest a considerable portion of their output to back up the agriculture sector that is limited in relation to the size of their economies, and hire relatively few workers. Therefore, in the case of developed countries, eliminating agricultural support would increase prosperity by redirecting primary resources to more efficient uses and lowering the customer's price paid for agricultural products in most cases As a result, these are facts explains the political view that the agricultural sector wields in developed countries
(Tokarick, S. 2003, p. 42).
differs from that of developed countries. Lowering the maximum tariffs and non-tariffs barriers to the developed countries counter to food and agricultural exports of LDCs and the removal of tariffs differentiating regulations in raw materials of ready products. Second, is the other side of the coin where the international organizations, along with the developed countries are responsible of the decline by all means in LDCs agriculture sector. Gloop (2003) made strong arguments that I am convinced with that the AOA is skewed in favour of developed countries interests. He mentions that several crucial provisions in the AOA allow developed countries to circumvent their trade liberalization responsibility, thereby ensuring that their agricultural products remain protected. The Due Restrain Clause in the AOA under Article 13 proposes protection to those that have been exempted from reduction. The Special Safeguard provision indirectly benefits developed countries by applying only to those products that are tariffed. Additionally, since the implementation of the AOA, developing countries are facing a sharp decline growth rates in food production output that indicates their inability to meet domestic food consumption and ensure their long-term food security process has been significantly eroded. For instance in the U.S., the Green Box subsidies in 1998 reached 50 billion dollars, compared to Amber box subsidies with only 10 billion; food aid was the highest component of these exempted subsidies. Additionally, for both the U.S. and Europe, domestic spending increased
In addition, Civici (2003) defends the role of developed countries to support LDCs in all negotiations on agriculture by giving `'special and differentiated'' treatment for all of LDCs to tackle down their needs and to make sure their needs are taken into account. Recommending that WTO provisions be more pliable so that LDCs can have the opportunity to protect and support the development of their agriculture guarantees that rural farmers survive and that the application of their traditional agriculture
to support their products due to the fall of world prices. As a result of their huge subsidies, they have lead to dumping in the LDCs that continues to wreak havoc on small farmer's livelihoods. For example, the Indian food policy analyst, Devinder Sharma, noted that the gross injustice of this system is when we look to amount of subsidy a cow in America and Europe receives a day, that is approximately 2.70 dollars per cow to the daily income of a limited and marginal rural farmer in the LDCs, which is about less than half of this amount. Moreover, Pal (2010) points out that the expectation of AOA to help LDCs induce production of agricultural goods, leading to increased development in rural areas and employment, has not materialized. A shift to a tariff-only regime and liberalising the agricultural sector has made South Asian farmers vulnerable to external threats. The failure of AOA is to support the economy of South Asia by generating the proposed level of benefits that is also reflected in the employment figures. In addition, since the implementation of AOA, the unemployment rate in South Asia has increased from 2.9 to 3.4 between 1995 - 2001, and the annual employment growth rate was increasing until the implementation of AOA that had stopped and pull down the growth rate. Furthermore, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has published on their website the increase of unemployment in Maldives, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India during this period. The survey of the Government of India Economic shows that the unemployment rate in 1993-94 has increased from 5.99% to 7.32% in 1999-2000.
Ahmed (2003) agrees with the arguments made by Pal (2010) and Gloop (2003) and adds that WTO and AOA have had adverse effects on the economy. Under the new legislations in the agriculture sector, the import of agricultural goods will be adversely affected as subsidies are withdrawn. Therefore, government expenditure would decline in terms of prices and income support systems, as well as the withdrawal of subsidies. On the other hand, there will be an increase in the price of agricultural goods. As a result, countries with organized markets and developed infrastructures will benefit more. Similarly, the WTO will negatively affect rural farmers; in that case, farmers will not survive in the long term due to economic cannibalism. The MNCs are going to benefit most of the broad-based resources in credit, massive land ownership, agriculture goods investment, big machinery, high-valued inputs and outputs, and international competitiveness. The MNCs will soon swallow rural farmers because they must either opt for cooperating with production for MNCs or serve as paid employees under the conditions of MNCs management. The second possibility is that the rural farmers give up working in farms and migrate to urban areas for earning their livelihood. This means that urban areas will become increasingly highdensity, which could be a problem for many LDCs. that cause a major problem to LDCs that may get out of control. Hence, to support the farmers in advance, they need to be aware by conducting seminars regarding the WTO, AOA laws and principles and its effects on the economy on the agriculture sector. This is an important step towards sustainable social and economic development of the country. Furthermore, in
the anticipation of MNCs taking over, there must be a plan to absorb the displaced rural farmers by declaring centres that are able to offer jobs at the local level to the farming community in small industrial units. This will help to solve the problem of future flow to the cities.
I support the logical arguments made by Ahmed (2003), Pal (2010), and Gloop (2003), and would suggest that LDCs withdraw from the WTO and form three unions: the Africa, Asia, and Latin America Unions. Each union is a set of countries in the region, and each country produces enough agricultural products for their people while specializing in the production of one unique product. After implementing this strategy, there will be fair trade between countries of the same union benefiting from each other's specializations. When the markets are mature and strong enough, they can begin trading between the three unions until they are recognized as developed countries.
Action Aid (2010), `The WTO Agreement on Agriculture', p. 3, 4, [Online] Available at: http://www.
actionaid.org.uk/_content/documents/agreement_3132004_122214.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2010].
Ahmed, S. 2003, `The WTO Agreement, Corporate Agriculture Farming and Small Farmer's
Economy', International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, p.444-445 [Online] Available at: http://www.fspublishers.org/ijab/past-issues/IJABVOL_5_NO_4/13.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2010].
Civici, A. 2003, `WTO Negotiations on Agriculture', WTO, p.10 [Online] Available at: http://pdc.ceu.
hu/archive/00002087/01/Adrian_Civici_en.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2010].
Gibson, P. J. Wainio, D. Whitley, and M Bohman (2001): `Profiles of Tariffs in Global Agricultural
Markets' Market and Trade Economics Division, Economic Research Service, USDA Report No. 796. P.17 [Online] Available at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer796/AER796. PDF [Accessed 10 April 2010].
Glipo, A. 2003, `The WTO-AOA: Impact on farmers and rural women in Asia', Asia-Pacific Network
for Food Sovereignty, p.3 [Online] Available at: http://www.glow-boell.de/media/de/txt_ rubrik_5/SuS_Arze_RuralWomen.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2010].
Jubilee USA Network (2004), `International Debt and Agriculture', [Online] Available at: http://www.
jubileeusa.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Resources/Policy_Archive/Debt_and_Agriculture_ 2004.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2010].
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Association of Agricultural Economists Conference', p.7 [Online] Available at: http:// ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/25366/1/ip06ka01.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2010].
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Development's Network, p.2, 3, 7, 13, 19, 21-23, 26 [Online] Available at: http://depot.gdnet. org/gdnshare/pdf2/gdn_library/awards_medals/2003/r_m/agriculture/pal_paper.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2010].
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on Agriculture', p.6, 9, 12, Congressional Research Service, [Online] Available at: http://www. nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/RL32916.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2010].
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Domestic Markets' Working Paper number 103, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, p.30-32 [Online] Available at: http://www.icrier.org/pdf/Volrep%20-%20 Final%20Paper%20No.%20103.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2010].
Tangermann, S. 2001, `Has the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture Worked Well?',
International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, p. 17, 22, 29 [Online] Available at: http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/14586/1/wp0101.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2010].
Tokarick, S. 2003, `Measuring the Impact of distortions in agricultural trade in partial and general
equilibrium', IMF, p.42 [Online] Available at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2003/ wp03110.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2010].
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into the World Economy', [Online] Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/y0491e/ y0491e03.htm#P386_76632 [Accessed 10 April 2010].
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Prairie Catholic School Teacher Archive
Past Teachers of Prairie Catholic School
Note: These are the Profiles of the teachers we had on the site while they were teaching at PCS.
Marie Kravchuk -- Office Assistant Aid, Prairie Catholic School
Marie Kravchuk is the Office Assistant at Prairie Catholic School. She received her BSBA in Marketing, Management, Banking and Finance from the University of Nebraska-Omaha. She also holds a certificate to substitute teach in the State of Wisconsin. Marie has been married for 30 years, has a son that attended Prairie Catholic School and is a parishioner at Holy Family Catholic Church.
Staff Member Since: 09/01/2018
mkravchuk@prairiecatholic.org
Mrs. Clarissa Russell - Homeroom Grade 6 -- Art / Spanish, PreK through 8th grade
Clarissa Russell is a first year teacher (2016) at Prairie Catholic teaching Technology and Spanish. She grew up in Prairie du Chien, WI and attended Prairie Catholic Schools through 8th grade. She recently graduated from Northwestern College in Orange City, IA with a B.A. Degree in Spanish and a minor in Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL).During school, Clarissa worked as a TA for a Spanish professor as well as a Peer-tutor for Spanish in the College's Peer Learning Center. She has also used her practicum and many volunteer hours tutoring local immigrants in English while in college. Additionally, Clarissa spent her spring semester studying abroad in Guatemala learning Spanish, staying with host families, experiencing and traveling a new culture, understanding poverty, and working at a Special Needs School which have all contributed greatly to gaining a larger world-view and becoming more fluent in the Spanish language. Clarissa is very excited about teaching this year!
crussell@prairiecatholic.org
Mary Stoeffler -- MS Religion Co-Teacher
mstoeffler@prairiecatholic.org
Mrs. Molly Kirschbaum -- Kitchen Director
Staff Member Since: ?
Mrs. Joahn Post -- Grade 4
Mrs. Post graduated from U.W. Platteville with a B.S. Degree in Elementary Education. She did substitute teaching for seven years. Mrs. Post's has taught since 1990 at Prairie Catholic School. She has 24 post graduate credits in the field of education including a reading endorsement, and has attended Southwest Academy during the summer months. In addition she holds Basic Certification in Religious Education from the Diocese of La Crosse. Mrs. Post has two adult children and two grandchildren.
jpost@prairiecatholic.org
Ms. Jamie Feye -- Homeroom Grade 7 -- MS Science / Social Studies / Religion
Ms. Feye Biography is coming soon!
jfeye@prairiecatholic.org
Mrs. Kathleen Igou -- Homeroom Grade 8 -- MS Math / English / Language Arts
Mrs. Igou graduated from UW-Platteville in 2003 with a degree in Elementary Education and a Minor in Mathematics. Mrs. Igou earned a degree in Business Management from Upper Iowa University in 1992. From 1999 to 2006 she subbed in Prairie du Chien School District. Mrs. Igou and her husband Terry and all four of their children graduated from Prairie Catholic School. The Igou's have seven grandchildren, one enrolled in Prairie Catholic.
kigou@prairiecatholic.org
Mrs. Luana Steimke -- Music, PreK through 8th grade / RtI Intervention Specialist
Mrs. Stiemke is a graduate of Concordia University in Chicago. She earned a B.A. in Elementary Education, with a major in Humanities and the Performing Arts. This has allowed her to work in many different areas, a great advantage during the first half of her married life, when she and her family moved at least 11 times in 17 years. Prior to coming to Prairie du Chien, Mrs. S. taught in various parochial school positions, grades PK-3, in Joliet, IL; Cedarburg, Hartland, and Oak Creek, WI. She also worked as assistant children's librarian in Sparta, nanny for a Jewish family in Milwaukee, playground supervisor (for 200 kids!) and middle school computer lab administrator in McFarland, and as an aide in an English immersion preschool for immigrant families in Madison. Along the way she worked with children's choirs and taught piano lessons to 25 students. After moving to Prairie du Chien in 1998, Mrs. S. has worked as a childcare provider for three families, drama director for the PDC Park and Recreation Dept., assistant director for the PDC High School Musicals and Plays, ran the Middle School Choral Festival at St. John's school in 1999 and she taught kindergarten at St. Gabriel School for three years. A life-long music lover, Mrs. S. has played viola since the age of 9, participating in many school and community orchestras, studied piano for several years in high school and college, and has sung in various choirs and groups beginning in 7th grade. The Stiemke's have three adult children, one of whom will be the third generation music teacher in the family. Mrs. Stiemke feels so blessed to be able to "come home" to teach again at Prairie Catholic schools, and is looking forward to a challenging and wonderful year.
lstiemke@prairiecatholic.org
Kelly Gallagher -- Daycare Director - Prairie Catholic School
kgallagher@prairiecatholic.org
McKenzie Stagman -- Daycare
mstagman@prairiecatholic.org
Ed Egstad -- Maintenance Director (Holy Family Parish and Prairie Catholic School)
eegstad@prairiecatholic.org
Mrs. Janet Nelson -- Librarian, Prairie Catholic School
jnelson@prairiecatholic.org
Mrs. Annie Beinborn -- Librarian, Prairie Catholic School
abeinborn@prairiecatholic.org
Ms. Felten was raised in Caledonia, MN. She graduated from Caledonia Area High School in 2012, where she was involved with soccer and National Honor Society. She recently graduated from Winona State University this past spring with a B.S. degree in Elementary Education and minors in Reading Instruction and Middle School Social Studies.
09/01/??
Mr. Bill Huser -- 8th Grade Homeroom
History / Science / Social Studies / Geography
Mr. Huser teaches 8th Grade US History and Life Science, 7th Grade Civics and Earth Science, and 6th Grade World Geography and General Science. This is his 30th year teaching at Prairie Catholic.
Miss Jean Pelleymounter -- 7th Grade Homeroom
Religion / English
Miss Pelleymounter graduated from Mount Mercy College with a B.S. Degree in Elementary Education and a minor in Music. She has Advanced Certification in Religious Education from the Diocese of La Crosse. Miss Pelleymounter taught for 5 years in Dubuque in the Catholic schools and one year at Bloomington where she also served as Principal. She has taught at Prairie Catholic since 1984. In addition, she was nominated for the national Disney Hand Teacher Award. Miss Pelleymounter was a Weather Spotter in the Prairie du Chien area for KCRG television in Cedar Rapids.
Last School year at PCS 2016/2017
Mr. Wade Marlow -- Principal
Mr. Marlow was born in Decorah, IA and was raised in Bluffton, IA. He graduated from North Winneshiek High School in 1998. He played baseball at the University of Dubuque and graduated in 2002 with a Bachelor's Degree in Physical Education. Mr. Marlow's first job was at Notre Dame Parish in Cresco, IA as a Director of Religious Education. While in Cresco he married his wife Twyla and coached basketball at Crestwood High School and baseball at Turkey Valley High School. Mr. Marlow came to Prairie Catholic from the Dubuque Community School District where he was a physical education teacher. While in Dubuque, he earned his Master's Degree in Educational Leadership at Loras College.
Ms. Rebecca Bjurquist -- Grade 2
Ms. Sabrina Cejka -- Kitchen Assistant
Mrs. Colleen Welter
Pre-Kindergarten Through 8th Grade Art / Technology / Student Council Advisor
Mrs. Welter has an associate degree in Art from northern Uinios University. She is a graduate of Viterbo University with a B.S. in Elementary education with a minor in Early Childhood Education. She is currently working on a post graduate degree in professional development. Mrs. Welter has taught at Prairie Catholic School since 1998. She holds advanced certification in Religious Education from the Diocese of LaCrosse. Colleen is married with two children who have graduated from Prairie Catholic School
Mrs. Deanne Mezera
St. Gabriel's Office Manager, Prairie Catholic School
Mrs. Mezera can be emailed at: dmezera@prairiecatholic.org
Ms. Gale Carlson -- Grade 3
Mrs. Carlson graduated from Upper Iowa University with a B.A. Degree in Elementary Education with an English/Language Arts endorsement. She is certified to teach Kindergarten through 6th Grade. She did her student teaching at St. Gabriel's and was hired to teach 4th Grade in January of 2003. In 2007 Mrs. Carlson was nominated for the Herb Kohl Award in Teaching Excellence by parents and students. Mrs. Carlson completed her basic Religious Education Certification from the Diocese of La Crosse and has 15 post graduate credits in the field of education. She has two children. She has taught 3rd,4th and 5th grade at St. Gabriel's.
Ms. Ashley Simon --
Ms. Marci Atkinson --
Physical Education - PreK through 8th Grade
Ms. Atkinson was raised in Steuben and graduated from Wauzeka-Steuben Public Schools in 2001. Following high school, she attended Winona State University, where she recieved her Bachelors Degree in Physical Education.
Ms. Atkinson's first job was with Desert Oasis Elementary School, in Phoenix, AZ. At Desert Oasis Ms. Atkinson was the PE teacher and coached volleyball and basketball. After spending five years at Desert Oasis she took the leap to Dysart High School, where she continued to teach PE and coach JV volleyball. While living in Phoenix, Ms. Atkinson completed her Masters Degree in Coaching and Athletic Administration. This is Ms. Atkinson's first year with Prairie Catholic Schools.
Mrs. Kelly Hamman
Daycare - Prairie Catholic School
Mrs. Elaine Moris
School Cook
Lynnette Williams
Stephanie Tesar -- Cleaning (St. Gabriel's School)
Melissa Reilly -- Cleaning (St. John's School)
Mrs. Luanne Atkins -- 7A Grade Homeroom
Reading 6,7,8 – Language 6 & 8 -- Elective 7
Mrs. Atkins is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin-LaCrosse with a B.S. in Elementary Education and a minor in Social Sciences. She has also earned a Master of Education Degree in Professional Development from University of Wisconsin-LaCrosse. Luanne has taught at Prairie Catholic for 24 years and has Basic Religious Education Certification from the Diocese of LaCrosse. She has attended classes at Southwest Academy and has earned numerous additional credits from University of Wisconsin-LaCrosse, Viterbo University, and Cardinal-Stritch. Her Husband, Mike, graduated from St. Gabriel's school. They have two grown daughters.
Mrs. Jean Jozefowicz – 7B Grade Homeroom
Religion 6,7,8 – Language 7 -- Elective 7
Mrs. Jozefowicz has a B.S. Degree in Elementary Education from the University of Wisconsin-Platteville with an emphasis in Language Arts and Math. She has 24+ post graduate credits in the field of education and has attended Southwest Academy for fifteen years. Mrs. Jozefowicz taught nineteen years in Catholic schools in Potosi, Platteville, and Lancaster along with two years in the public schools in Illinois. This is her 13th year at Prairie Catholic. In 2008 Jean received a Lay Ministry Degree after four years of study in theology, church history, scripture, and spirituality. She holds Advanced Certification in Religious Education from the Diocese of Madison and LaCrosse and was listed in the book Who's Who Among America's Teachers on four occasions. Mrs. Jozefowicz has three adult children and seven grandchildren.
Mrs. Kerri Weber -- Pre Kindergarten Through 8th Grade Music -- Computer Science 5,6,7,8
Kerri Weber graduated from UW-Platteville in 1993 with a degree in Secondary Education and English. She began her teaching career at St. Charles Catholic School in Cassville WI teaching Language Arts. Following that year, she began teaching English in the Public School System in Eldridge, IA. She has also served as a substitute teacher in the Prairie du Chien School district. She is very happy to be teaching Pre K-5 music at Prairie Catholic after spending the last 10 wonderful years at home raising her children. Her musical background consists of 12 years of piano, four years of triple trio, madrigal, girl's choir and musicals, six years of band specializing in playing the saxophone, percussion, and keyboard, and one year of symphony band at UW-Platteville. Some of her hobbies include playing piano, coaching volleyball, reading, running/walking, cooking, and vacationing.
Mrs. Michele Pattison -- Physical Education PreK through 8th Grade -- Student Council Advisor
Mrs. Pattison is a graduate of University of Wisconsin - Madison with a B.S. Degree in Kinesiology (the study of movement or physical education). She is certified to teach Pre-K - 12th Grade. This is her 9th year teaching at Prairie Catholic School. Michele is a graduate of St. John's School and her children currently attend Prairie Catholic School.
Mrs. Cecelia Becwar -- Grade 4
Mrs. Becwar is a graduate of Viterbo University with a B.S. in Education and a minor in German. She has taught in Catholic schools for 37 years. This is her 15th year at Prairie Catholic. Mrs. Becwar has Advanced Religious Education Certification from the Diocese of LaCrosse and has attended Southwest Academy for 8 years. She is a past member of the Hidden Valley Reading Council and served on a steering committee to establish policy on reporting child abuse and neglect in Grant County. In addition Cecelia has served on a diocesan wide visitation team for approving school accreditation. Mrs. Becwar has two adult children, both graduates of Prairie Catholic School.
Mrs. Lori Jung
Daycare Director - St. Gabriel's
If you have any questions, or would like a tour, Mrs. Jung can be reached at 326-5383.
Mrs. Kay Tesar
Mrs. Kari Kronberg
Phy Ed 6,7,8 -- Computer Science 6,7,8 -- Spanish 6,
Reading/Language 6
Mrs. Kronberg graduated from Prairie Catholic School in 1999. She graduated third in her class at Prairie du Chien High School in 2003, where she participated in numerous extracurricular activities. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Business Management from Hamline University in St. Paul, MN, in 2007. She also minored in coaching and earned a certificate of proficiency in Spanish. At Hamline, she was on the softball team, the dance team, and was an editor for the school newspaper. She is currently the student council advisor for Prairie Catholic School, and she coaches 9th grade girls basketball at Prairie du Chien High School. She currently resides in rural Eastman and is married to her college sweetheart, Anders Kronberg. This is her 3rd year teaching at Prairie Catholic School.
Mrs. Marilyn Nies -- Pre-Kindergarten Through 5th Grade Computers
Mrs. Marilyn Nies has a Bachelor of Education degree in Business Education with a minor in English from University of Wisconsin - Whitewater. She taught for a few years before raising her family. She and her family farmed in the Bloomington area most of their lives before moving to Prairie du Chien. During that time, she substitute taught in the area for ten years. She also worked at Food Pride and Dick's Piggly Wiggly since moving to Prairie du Chien. She says she is very happy to be back in the classroom helping to introduce young children to the computer. She and her husband have four adult children all of whom graduated from UW - Platteville and have fourteen wonderful grandchildren.


text:
Die Divizia B 1968/69 war die 29. Spielzeit der zweithöchsten rumänischen Fußballliga. Steagul roșu Brașov und CFR Cluj stiegen in die Divizia A auf.

Modus
Nach der Aufstockung wurde die Divizia B in zwei Staffeln mit jeweils 16 Mannschaften ausgetragen. Die beiden Sieger stiegen in die Divizia A auf, während die letzten zwei Vereine jeder Gruppe abstiegen. Für einen Sieg gab es zwei Punkte, für ein Unentschieden einen und für eine Niederlage keinen Punkt. Falls zwei oder mehr Mannschaften am Ende der Saison punktgleich waren, entschied zunächst die Tordifferenz.

Staffel 1

Platzierungskriterien: 1. Punkte – 2. Tordifferenz – 3. Siege – 4. Direkter Vergleich (Punkte, Tordifferenz, geschossene Tore)

Staffel 2

Platzierungskriterien: 1. Punkte – 2. Tordifferenz – 3. Siege – 4. Direkter Vergleich (Punkte, Tordifferenz, geschossene Tore)

Weblinks
 Saison 1968/69 auf romaniansoccer.ro (englisch)
 Divizia B auf rsssf.com (englisch)

Fußballsaison 1968/69
1968 69

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


RIGBY—The annual community basketball game between the Rigby Trojans and the Rigby Wranglers Special Olympians returns tonight at 6:30 p.m. at Rigby High School, 3850 E. 300 N. Admission is $3 per person and all proceeds support Special Olympics Rigby Athletes.
RIGBY—The Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 1004, will be meeting April 18 at 7 p.m. at the Rigby Senior Citizens Center, 391 Community Lane. For more information contact Post Commander Roy Gibson at 208-589-7182. The Ladies of VFW Post No. 1004 will be meeting at the same time and location. For more information contact either Sharon Stees at 208-521-2517 or Diana Gibson at 208-589-3731.
TERRRETON—The West Jefferson School District No. 253 Board of Trustees will be meeting April 18 at 6 p.m.


This unusual and visually beautiful wall was meticulously prepared by the late, self-taught, nuclear physicist, Steve Waterman of Montreal, Quebec. It is a 14-sided polyhedral projection addressing both distortion and partitioning of land masses. The butterfly layout combines legibility and low distortion. This ia an almost-equal-area version wall map (1996).


text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
International Plant Names Index

#### Published in
null

#### Original name
Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Planète rebelle est une maison d'édition québécoise fondée en 1997 et spécialisée dans la publication de livres avec CD dédiés à la parole et aux genres littéraires associés à l'oralité, tels que le conte, le slam et le spoken word. Ses livres sont disponibles au Canada et en Europe francophone.

Histoire
La maison d'édition a été fondée en 1997 par le conteur André Lemelin et s'est consacrée dès son origine au renouveau du conte. La maison sera rachetée en 2002 par l'éditrice Marie Fleurette Beaudoin qui crée plusieurs nouvelles collections tout en préservant la mission première de Planète rebelle, c'est-à-dire faire la promotion de la littérature orale et du conte. Ainsi, à la collection « Paroles », qui se consacre au conte et aux auteurs contemporains, s'ajoute la collection « Mémoires » dédiée à la réimpression d'ouvrages épuisés ou introuvables, tels que Les Légendes des îles de la Madeleine et L'eau qui danse, l'arbre qui chante et l'oiseau de vérité du père Anselme Chiasson (Prix Claude Seignolle, 2008), la collection  « Regards », qui présente des essais sur le conte, ainsi que de la poésie et des textes performés accompagnés de musique actuelle (« Poésie » et « Hôtel Central »).

L'arrivée de Marie Fleurette Beaudoin à la direction marque également l'ouverture de la maison à la littérature jeunesse, avec la création de quatre collections ( « Conter fleurette »,  « Des mots plein la bouche »,  « Petits poèmes pour rêver le jour », et  « Muthos »), et le développement du format livres CD.

En 2019, Planète rebelle compte plus de 215 publications à son catalogue.

La maison est distribuée par Dimedia au Canada, Distribution Nouveau Monde en France, en Belgique et au Luxembourg, et Servidis en Suisse.

Auteurs
(liste non exhaustive)
 José Acquelin
 Martine Audet
 Jocelyn Bérubé
 Mike Burns
 Jean-Marc Chatel
 Suzanne de Serres
 Stéphanie Bénéteau
 Michel Faubert
 Éric Gauthier
 Julie Hétu
 Marc Laberge
 André Lemelin
 Jean-Marc Massie
 Hélène Matte
 Mafane
 Jani Pascal
 Jacques Pasquet
 Stanley Péan
 Fred Pellerin
 Renée Robitaille
 Franck Sylvestre
 Joujou Turenne
 Nadine Walsh
 Kim Yaroshevskaya

Notes et références

Liens externes

Maison d'édition ayant son siège au Québec
Littérature orale


Please complete all the information below. All applicants over the age of 18 must complete and sign their own application.
Received from applicant the non-refundable sum of $__________________dollars to pay for tenant screening service and credit check..


text:
Lanceispora amphibia är en svampart som beskrevs av Nakagiri, Okane, Tad. Ito & Katum. 1997. Lanceispora amphibia ingår i släktet Lanceispora, ordningen kolkärnsvampar, klassen Sordariomycetes, divisionen sporsäcksvampar och riket svampar.   Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Kolkärnsvampar
amphibia


Age of seven, I saw my first computer in the window of a coffee roaster chain. I had to have it. And I was convinced that if this thing can add numbers, then it can certainly do more.
The most interesting of such devices was always, when you finally took it apart to see what's inside. With microelectronics, unfortunately, we do not recognize at first glance. Later I learned in school and from many books, how that works with electronics and the Boolean algebra.
As teenagers, we sat together with one of the first programmable pocket calculators and played a game of dice. The interesting thing was that we needed no dice because this did the borrowed and outrageously expensive programmable calculator. Few lines of program code and the calculator was a cube!
Some years later, you could type in a few thousand lines of code in a Commodore VIC 16 and walk across a road as a frog, without being run over by the cars as possible. This could be done until switching the machine off, then everything was gone. I lacked the appropriate storage device.
My Sharp MZ 700 finally had a datasette and this matter began to be seriously. It was worth put in some work there, and when you had once programmed to calculate a binomial formula, you eventually never again need to calculate a binomial formula by yourself. This was of great practical value.
Besides such calculations I also saw my first Mandelbrot set in ASCII graphics. It looked not so great, but it was still impressive. A party planner algorithm could calculate how people moved at a party. Everyone wanted the buffet, but certain sympathies or dislikes emerged this system into some kind of self-organizing swarm behavior.
When I sat before my first IBM XT, I did not let the matter go. A good friend brought me a Pascal compiler and I learned that with object-oriented programming you can go much further than with spaghetti code.
I studied Nicolaus Wirth and his algorithms and data structures and built from linked lists and binary trees a shareware database INFOBASE that I distributed over the Fido Net .
After employment at the company Luratech in Berlin-Adlershof, I started my career as an independent professional software developer in 1995. Since then, I develop software with the aim that it is useful to you.
with great interest I am following the efforts of a semantic web and try my best to contribute something there. Over the past 15 years, mankind has gathered and linked all it's knowledge in the internet. This created a gigantic undirected graph of information. Currently, the question arises, what knowledge we can extract from such a graph. In the hope that this serves to better understand the problems of the world and that maybe we can find better solutions with the help of computers.
All historical images are under the Creative-Commons-License. Source: Wikipedia. If you are the owner of these brands and don't like to see an image here, I kindly ask for feedback, I will remove the image immediately.


text:
Home » News » Eastbourne's biggest music store expands
Eastbourne's biggest music store expands
Eastbourne's best known music store is marking 45 years of trading with a move to bigger, modern premises as the business continues to grow despite the pandemic.
Bonners was opened as a small shop in Ivy Terrace in 1976 by musician Peter Bonner, who was a resident act at the Kings Country Club working alongside famous names such as Neil Diamond, Tom Jones and Dusty Springfield.
The popularity of Bonners meant more space was soon needed and it moved to a larger space next door, followed by a second shop in Grove Road in the 1980s.
Over the years, Bonners has gone from strength to strength with a further move to Langney Road in 2005 to accommodate the ever-expanding business.
Tony White had a stint of work experience at Bonners aged 14 and 'absolutely loved it'. This was quickly followed by a Saturday job, when he would often be tasked with promoting pianos in the Arndale Centre, then a full-time position throughout the 1990s. In 2000, he took over the company with his business partner Myke Edwards who had joined Bonners in 1990.
They have since opened two new Bonners stores in Reigate, Surrey, and Milton Keynes, and are now overseeing the latest move of the flagship Eastbourne store to an 11,000 sq ft, two-storey building in Faraday Close, near Morrisons Hampden Park.
Tony said:
"Our new Bonners site is a perfect fit, providing more space to display the beautiful instruments we sell and for customers to try them out, as well as offering new facilities such as a guitar and amp testing booth, video suite, an extended guitar workshop and increased ranges across the major brands.
"I've seen huge changes in the way our customers shop, and this move reflects those developments. We are keeping the guitar store and piano centre, both staffed by our experienced and helpful team, under one roof – but in a more open, relaxed setting away from the hustle and bustle of the town centre.
"With 20 parking spaces and excellent road access, it is much easier to get here by car, and Hampden Park railway station is just a short walk away. Our new Bonners store complements our online offer, allowing us to continue giving the first-class service we are known for to existing customers and welcoming in new people who want to try instruments before buying and benefit from our specialist knowledge."
Bonners, which employs 20 full-time staff across its three stores, saw piano and guitar sales soar during lockdown with parents buying them for at-home children and people taking up the instrument as a new pastime and for mental health benefits.
The Eastbourne store has the largest selection of acoustic pianos, digital pianos and keyboards south of London.
Christina Ewbank, chief executive of Eastbourne Chamber of Commerce, said:
"Bonners is one of Eastbourne's great success stories and I am delighted this well-established business has continued to thrive and adapt despite the difficulties posed by Covid-19. I wish the Bonners team well in their new Eastbourne home."


Pages and pages can and already have been written about music for the wedding ceremony, but here are a few more thoughts at the beginning of the wedding season just in case you might want to rethink some options.
We want to state from the beginning of this blog that we are active supporters of the arts and of young artists. Additionally, we also want to state, very emphatically, music is an essential and foundational aspect of your wedding ceremony. So, with that said, regardless of your taste in music whether from classical church organ music to funky contemporary rap played by a DJ, please, please, and please, engage musicians or a DJ who is competent, adept, and skilled in his or her art form. These individuals need not be concert musicians, but please, seriously, reconsider the idea about having a niece, a nephew, a neighbor or a friend play the music at your wedding ceremony because it "would be nice for them to do it and gain the experience". Please repeat after us and say: NO! NO! NO! It will not be nice, for that matter, it will be very painful if they are not skilled. Why you might ask are we being so emphatic? We have celebrated a lot of wedding ceremonies and we have listened to a lot of bad music and it is embarrassing, painful, dreadful, time-consuming, distracting and in some cases, simply ridiculous. We will say this over and over again: your guests will more than likely not remember any specific words said during your wedding ceremony, however, they will certainly remember the feelings they had from your wedding ceremony. They more than likely will not remember the words of your vows, but they will remember the tenderness and sensitivity you had for each other. Similarly, they will remember the music was awful if it was awful! Squeaky, loud, out of tune violins playing the processional music as you walk down the aisle is not music. Your wedding is not the place for the local music school students to gain experience. Your wedding is NOT an educational opportunity! So, for a few more dollars, please, do yourselves and everyone else a favor and hire competent musicians or a DJ who knows what they are doing and are skilled and proficient in the craft of their art form and medium.
A final note: some might be scratching heads about our placing instrumentalists and DJ's side by side in relationship to music for your ceremony. Here is the deal from our perspective: DJ's are "playing" electronics. Like all musicians timing, queuing, grace, ease, volume, appropriate choice, ability, discretion (as in, not being noticed or trying to be the center of attention) are essential elements in performance. Electronic music at a wedding ceremony is, trust me, more than "pushing" the button on the iPod at the right time. More will be said about music and your wedding ceremony at a later date, so stay "Tuned" – no kidding!


WAUSUAKEE - The Rangers got a shutout win behind the arm of Mathew Delfosse.
Delfosse threw a three-hit shutout and recorded 12 strikeouts.
The Rangers led 1-0 for the first four innings before scoring five runs in the fifth inning to break the game open.
Cole Caylor went 2-for-3 with an RBI for Wausaukee, while Justin Parr had two RBI on one hit.
Landon Kaldor, Josh Weder and Anthony Hansen each had a hit for Niagara.
GREEN BAY – East-West was blown out in a Bay Conference match.
Zack Watzka and Mike Lampshire each finished with one hit for East-West.
Michael VandenHeuvel was the winning pitcher for Xavier while Lampshire took the loss at the mound.
GREEN BAY - Preble emerged victorious in the nonconference game.
Max Wagner totaled five RBI on two doubles to lead the Hornets, while Josh Nicklaus went 2-for-3 with two RBI.
Hunter Petska and Jordan Gaulke both had an RBI on two hits for Preble.
Max Bobholz got the win, throwing 3⅔ innings with two hits allowed.
Parker Bohm led Bonduel with a solo home run.
STURGEON BAY - The Clippers won the Packerland Conference game.
Jared VanBramer led the way on the mound, throwing six innings for the win and Jake Schneider got the save.
Max Bordeau went 2-for-3 with two RBI on a solo home run and a double.
For Oconto, Hayden Honish hit a two-run home run in the seventh inning to lead the Blue Devils' offense.
Bennett Frazer threw six innings for Oconto.
MARINETTE – Trevor Bloch led the Bulldogs to the road victory in an M&O contest.
Bloch finished with four hits, including a double and a triple. Meanwhile, Jacob Gordon tallied three hits and a double, Trevor Plym compiled three hits and three RBI, and Alex Dolata added two hits and two RBI.
Gordon was Peshtigo's winning pitcher after coming in as the relief pitcher for the last three innings. Darren Dionne, who started the game, struck out four batters in two and one-third inning.
SUAMICO – The Pirates' 10-run first inning set the tone in their dominating win against Ashwaubenon.
Jake Berg led Bay Port with two hits, three runs, one home run and four RBI. Logan Donart was also effective with a double and one RBI.
For Ashwaubenon, Michael Rottier had two hits and two RBI while Will Adair finished with two hits and two runs.
Jeff Thielke was the winning pitcher for Bay Port, striking out three batters in two innings. Drake Doxtater, who recorded the loss for Ashwaubenon, tallied two strikeouts in one inning.
A four-run first inning powered the Storm to a 4-3 win in Game 1.
McCoy Walechka and Daniel Stangel both went 2-for-3 with a run scored for Kewaunee.
Andrew Richard had two RBI and Cody Bultman tallied one RBI for the Storm.
Wyatt Kruse went 4⅔ innings on the mound for the win.
The Storm rolled in Game 2 for a 12-2 win as Bultman went 3-for-4 with two RBI.
Hanrahan and Stangel both hit 2-for-4 as Stangel recorded two RBI and Hanrahan added one.
Travis Miller totaled three RBI on two hits, while Lincoln Barta scored three runs for Kewaunee.
Barta threw four innings for the win.
PULASKI – A seventh inning rally put Sheboygan North over Pulaski in an FRCC match.
Nickolas Ackstulewicz delivered the play of the game in the seventh when he cleared the bases with a triple, which gave the Golden Raiders the lead and ultimately the win.
Jacob Neese led Sheboygan North with three hits and an RBI. For Pulaski, Carson Williquette and Drew McDermid had two hits and two RBI apiece.
Ackstulewicz earned the win at the mound while Chase Reinke took the loss for Pulaski.
No. 1: Aiden Newberg, ML, def. Dylan Tousey, PUL, 6-1, 6-2; No. 2: Wes Folk, PUL, def. Jed Robertson, M, 6-3, 4-6, 6-4; No. 3: Tyler Lambert, ML, def. Gavin Mangold, PUL, 7-6 (5), 6-1; No. 4: Jacob Rivest, ML, def. Ben Thomas, PUL, 6-3, 7-5.
No. 1: Nick Manis-Jack Rotter, ML, def. Garrison Clark-Luke Jarock, PUL 6-4, 6-3; No. 2: Chandler Holschbach-Alex Myers, ML, def. Cade Budz-Tyler Stachura, PUL 6-1, 6-2; No. 3: Hunter Downey-Cole O'Brien, PUL, def. Laken Schultz-Chris Prince, ML 6-4, 2-6, 6-4.
No. 1: Nathan Balthazor, DP, def. William Schneider, NDA, 6-1, 6-2; No. 2: Myles Krzewinski, NDA, def. Calvin Hunt, DP, 6-0, 6-0; No. 3: J.V. Steckart, NDA, def. Ethan McWilliams, DP, 6-0, 6-0; No. 4: Tommy Zakowski, NDA, def. Brady Hubbard, DP, 6-4, 6-1.
No. 1: Josh Janssen-Christian Remington, NDA, def. Jackson Butrym-David Vandenberg, DP 7-6 (5), 6-4; No. 2: Will Templeton-Grant Noble, NDA, def. Kamso Agu-Tyler Graf, DP 6-4, 6-3; No. 3: Ryan Schram-Joe Massabni, NDA, def. Sam Champeau-Matthew Foeller, DP 6-0, 6-4.
No. 1: Jacob Hanson, ASH, def. Nick Larson, SS, 6-3, 6-2; No. 2: Bailey Conradt, ASH, def. Kong Meng Lee, SS, 6-1, 6-0; No. 3: Sam Spika, ASH, def. Fuchi Yang, SS, 6-3, 6-0; No. 4: Matthew DeTrana, SS, def. Sam Lokken, ASH, 6-2, 6-0.
No. 1: Kole Kolinski-Colin Chapman, ASH, def. Trenton Udovich-Karl Mattern, SS 6-0, 6-0; No. 2: Alex Steinfest-Grant Atwood, ASH, def. Kongmeng Yang-Caleb Moua, SS 6-0, 6-1; No. 3: Justin Heller-Aidan Christensen, ASH, def. Henry Lee-Lentine Lee, SS 6-2, 6-1.
No. 1: Sebastian Guo, GBP, def. Carter Olson, BP, 6-0, 6-0; No. 2: Graham Kothbauer, GBP, def. David Ceaglske, BP, 6-0, 7-5; No. 3: Jacob Loving, GBP, def. Hudson Menne, BP, 6-3, 6-2; No. 4: John Grosshardt, GBP, def. Ben Bruen, BP, 6-1, 6-0.
No. 1: Eric Stratman-Aaron Murphy, BP, def. Isaiah Keiler-Joe Stoa, GBP 6-2, 6-3; No. 2: Brett Fugelstad-Travis Van De Yacht, BP, def. Leonard Taft-Ryan Pyatt, GBP 6-2, 6-2; No. 3: Tanner Belschner-Thomas Olson, BP, def. Por Choua Vang-Chong Vang, GBP 7-5, 6-4.
No. 1: Elijah Zifferblatt, WDP, def. Connor Kuck, 6-1, 6-0; No. 2: Calvin Battle, WDP, def. Ben Landrum, 6-1, 6-1; No. 3: Bailey Peterson, WDP, def. Eli Jones, 6-1, 6-1; No. 4: Gabe Merline, WDP, def. Henry Lawniczak, 6-1, 6-1.
No. 1: Chuck Willer-Cooper Zimmerschied, CED, def. Jared Colucc-Jared Johson, 4-6, 6-2, 7-6 (4); No. 2: Jordan Wagner-Colin Skubal, WDP, def. Joey Tomcala-Jack Poehlmann, 6-0, 7-5; No. 3: Michael Beran-Blake Beran, CED, def. Ari-Dennis-Anders Slattery, 6-4, 6-4.
Team Results: 1. Peshtigo 318, 2. Luxemburg-Casco 334, 3. Sevastopol 337, 4. Sturgeon Bay, 356, 5. Coleman 364, 6. Notre Dame 365, 7. Oconto 366, 8. Southern Door 395, 9. Oconto Falls 423, 10. NEW Lutheran 458, 11. Gibraltar 471.
Top 10: 1. Bryce Jacobson, PES, 69; 2. Levi Williams, ND, 76; 3. Tyler Dvorak, SEV, 77; 4. Andrew Spengler, L-C, 78; 5. Trent Carriveau, PES, 79; 6. Jordan Carvenough, PES, 79; 7. Reece Nellis, SB, 81; 8. Andrew Westphal, OCO, 82; 9. Kasey Casper, COL, 83; 10. Alex Krause, SEV, 84.
Team Results: 1. G.B. Preble 191, 2. West De Pere 106, 3. Notre Dame 77, 4. G.B. Southwest 73, 5. Luxemburg-Casco 65, 6. Manitowoc 42.
Top Finishers: 4x800 relay: 1. West De Pere, 8:38.92; 110 hurdles: 1. Nick Markland, ND, 15.82; 100: 1. Ethan Walton-Taylor, GBP, 11.53; 1,600: 1. Hunter Liebeck, L-C, 4:27.21; 4x200 relay: 1. G.B. Preble, 1:31.58; 400: 1. Jake Lemens, GBP, 51.69; 4x100 relay: 1. G.B. Preble, 43.75; 300 hurdles: 1. EJ Reese, GBP, 41.77; 800: 1. Jermaine Evans, WDP, 2:00.65; 200: 1. Jacob Rodriguez, GBP, 23.44; 3,200: 1. Khalid Mohamed, GBP, 9:55.60; 4x400 relay: 1. G.B. Preble, 3:29.87; High jump: 1. Jackson Schaetz, GBP, 6-00; Pole vault: 1. Dalton Lardinois, GBP, 12-00; Long jump: 1. Fadarian Smith, GBSW, 19-10.75; Triple jump: 1. Smith, GBSW, 41-00.75; Discus throw: 1. Nick Howard, GBSW, 137-05; Shot put: 1. Howard, GBSW, 46-09.75.
Team Scores: 1. De Pere 210, 2. Sturgeon Bay 117, 3. Little Chute 99, 4. Kewaunee 97, 5. Algoma 71, 6. Denmark 63, 7. Sevastopol 14, t8. Gibraltar 8, t8. NEW Lutheran 8.
Top Scores: 100: 1. Riley Ballard, DP, 11.42; 200: 1. Drew Engel, DP, 23.70; 400: 1. Wyatt Gezella, DEN, 50.00; 800: 1. Max Hanrahan, KEW, 2:03.77; 1,600: 1. Matthew Galler, DP, 4:38.14; 3,200: 1. Max Streichert, DP, 10:23.66; 110 hurdles: 1. Michael Mirkes, DP, 15.40; 300 hurdles: 1. Mirkes, DP, 40.65; 4x100 relay: 1. Sturgeon Bay (Brady Wodack, Luke Brinkman, Hayden Shefchik, Nathaniel Greenlaw), 44.99; 4x200 relay: 1. Sturgeon Bay (Wodack, Brinkman, Shefchik, Greenlaw), 1:33.97; 4x400 relay: 1. Denmark (Brady Krueger, Ryan Honnef, Seth Alexander, Gezella), 3:34.56; 4x800 relay: 1. De Pere (Chase Hansel, Austin Esser, Parker Hoff, Wesley Ericksen), 8:47.45; Shot put: 1. Steven Hermsen, DP, 50-08; Discus: 1. Steven Hermsen, DP, 154-10; High jump: 1. Noah Mueller, LC, 6-00; 2. Casey Kaftan, DP, 5-10; Pole vault: 1. Nick Baumgartner, KEW, 13-00; Long jump: 1. Isaac Wright, DP, 20-01.50; Triple jump: 1. Alex Hewett, KEW, 41-10.50.
Team Scores: 1. Bay Port 200, 2. Freedom 176, 3. Pulaski 71.5, 4. Peshtigo 53.5, 5. Ashwaubenon 44, 6. Marquette 43.5, 7. Marinette 40.5, 8. Crivitz 28, 9. G.B. West 24, 10. Menominee 13.
Top Finishers: 100: 1. Caden Hofacker, FRE, 11.18; 2. Jerod Jandt, PES, 11.52; 200: 1. Hofacker, FRE, 22.56; 2. Jandt, PES, 23.21; 400: 1. Pierce Narges, PUL, 51.64; 800: 1. Drew Dahlin, BP, 1:59.83; 1,600: 1. Garrett Rudden, MARQ, 4:32.73; 2. Kyle Thieme, BP, 4:37.19; 3,200: 1. Thieme, BP, 9:56.51; 110 hurdles: 1. Cordell Tinch, BP, 14.46; 300 hurdles: 1. Luge PIngel, FRE, 40.58; 2. Mitchell VanVooren, PES, 41.46; 4x100 relay: 1. Freedom (Gavin Hafemann, Hunter Wiese, Jon Verhasseldt, Hofacker), 44.22; 2. Bay Port (Matt Ashley, Isiah Gash, Ben Giese, Noah Stasak), 45.04; 4x200 relay: 1. Freedom (Hafemann, Bryce Vandenberg, Bryce Baumgart, Luke Pingel), 1:32.69; 2. Pulaski (Eli Armstrong, Will Frank, Brock Egnarski, Dustin Graf), 1:33.13; 4x400 relay: 1. Pulaski (Preston Olp, Narges, Frank, Graf), 3:31.84; 4x800 relay: 1. Freedom (Jackson Higgins, Brandon Joly, Sawyer Gonnering, Joseph Jahnke), 8:37.83; Shot put: 1. Jason Wright, GBW, 55-09; Discus: 1. Jack Plumb, BP, 148-08; High jump: 1. Tinch, BP, 6-07; Pole vault: 1. Max Rauch, PES, 13-09; Long jump: 1. Tinch, BP, 23-09.50; Triple jump: 1. Tinch, BP, 46-04.75.


text:
Beneath the Mountains Lies Pleasure Valley
Deye mon gen mon
(Beyond the mountains, there are more mountains.)
— Hatian proverb
I now know that I needed to come back because my childhood memories of Haiti never included mountains. As a literature teacher, I make it a point to emphasize the importance of context in a piece of writing–historical, cultural, and political, as well as verbal. But geographical context is often just as important in a text, sometimes taking on a role that's as vital as the characters themselves. What is A Streetcar Named Desire without the contrasts represented by New Orleans, Louisiana and Laurel, Mississippi, or The Tempest without Prospero's enchanted island? In a similar way, Haiti's story, and my family's own, is incomplete without mountains.
The word Haiti (Ayiti) literally means "land of (high) mountains." Returning the island, at least in name, to their Taino predecessors, similarly enslaved, and murdered wholesale, was the ultimate act of poetic defiance by the leaders of the new republic. Our long drives through Haiti during the past few days, however, also suggest that our slave ancestors may have wanted to honor a topographical landscape that clearly favored them in their long struggle for independence. It doesn't take long to realize that The Haitian Revolution could not have succeeded without miles of dense foliage, dark skin that doubled as camouflage, and lots and lots of mountains.
In Port-au-Prince and Petionville, certain streets are so steep that my little niece and nephews would lift up their arms roller-coaster style and let out a "wheeeeee!" when our car descended them. Traveling to Jacmel in the South and to Cap-Haitien in the north involved watching nervously, as our trusty driver, Webert, wound his way up, down, and all around narrow mountain roads with spectacular drop-offs, many of them unencumbered by guard-rails.
The most nerve-wracking of these rides by far was the one to Plaisance-du-Nord, our family home. I have grown up being told that we are moun nan mon, mountain people, or more literally "people in the mountains," and I guess I somehow got this intellectually, but it really didn't register until yesterday when I realized that Plaisance (which means pleasure in French) is really a tiny and isolated valley, tucked beneath some rather prodigious peaks.
Since there's hardly anyone left that my parents know in Plaisance, our time there was short, just long enough to glimpse the cemetery where my great-grandparents, paternal grandmother, great-aunt, and numerous uncles and cousins are buried, as well as to drive down the small Main Street to see what had become of the houses my family had once called home. The most important of these by far, was my great-grandparents' home, one that I remember pretty well, even though I was five when I was last in it, and as the setting of my mother's and grandmother's stories about my great-grandmother, Virginia, who I'm also fortunate enough to remember.
This is what's left of the house my great-grandparents built to raise their family. Neither the day-glo colors, nor the makeshift store on the front porch would have been to their liking, but this was a house of love when it belonged to our family, and I hope that spirit continues to sustain those who call it home today.
No one, at least in my lifetime, called my great-grandmother Virginia. She was La Mère, Gran La Mère to her dozens of grandchildren, as well as to me, the eldest of her great-grands. She was, as the nickname suggests, the consummate mother. And perhaps because she is no longer with us, her presence is all the more palpable, and her legend has only grown with time. Gran La Mère, like the mountains that surrounded her, was a force of nature, a strong, tall woman, who overcame being orphaned as a toddler to grow up and marry my great-grandfather (appropriately nicknamed Papa Le Père ). She worked tirelessly with him on their small farm, gave birth to twelve children–my grandmother being her seventh child, and first girl to live through childhood–and ultimately survived outliving all but five. She loved a good song, a good story, and liked to show off her English–swear words she'd picked up from the Marines during the American Occupation. Most of my mother's stories are enhanced by her humor, and punctuated with her wisdom.
Looking now at that tiny house, in the tiny valley which was once hers, it's hard to imagine that it could ever contain her sublime magnitude. But in the end, it turns out of course, that it couldn't.
Click on images below for enlargements and captions.
My mother's Catholic elementary school
My great-uncle Julio's former house
Our friend Mizou's house.
Downtown Plaisance, also known as The "Bouk."
Plaisance's Catholic Church, and the center of all things spiritual in my parents' childhood and adolescence.
Category: Haiti, Uncategorized Tags: African American, ancestry, black, Education, family, Haiti, history, Literature, Travel
← Hot and Cool in Jacmel
Triumph On The Mountaintop: Citadelle Laferrière, a Reflection in Photos →


Subject: Re: file output bug?
> seem to have found a bug in MCL2.0b1.
> previous file MAY remain at the end of the new file.
is archived and used to compile our bug lists.
anonymous, then type anything for a password.
get "MCL 2.0b1 Patch 3.sit.hqx"
the first two patches to MCL 2.0b1 before applying the third.
some versions of the instructions.
downloading or installing the patch.
Next by thread: Bugs in MCL 2.0 Beta. Where to post?


text:
Q: Raw Javascript version of .click() What I have with jQuery:
if ($('#vote_c').length > 0) {
    $('#vote_button').show().click();
}

I am trying to re-write it so it uses raw javascript:
if (document.getElementById('vote_c').length > 0) {
    // what goes here
}

A: if (document.getElementById('vote_c')) {
    var btn = document.getElementById('vote_button');
    btn.style.display = "inline"; //show
    btn.click() //click
}

A: document.getElementById('vote_button').onclick = function(){
    document.getElementById('vote_button').style.display = 'block';
};

Oh, my bad. I did not see the if statement, but it should point you in the right direction.

A: // cache lookup
var vote = document.getElementById('vote_c');
// using truthy/falsy value to determine existence
// proper test would be (vote !== null)
if (vote) {
    // this is probably closest to what .show() does
    // .show actually seems to track what the initial
    // computed display state for the element was and
    // along with .hide, toggles between the initial
    // state and 'none'.
    vote.style.display = '';
    // mimicking .click() is done any number of ways
    // but the easiest is below:
    vote.onclick(); // call any registered handlers for the click event;
    //
    // OR (second easiest way) you could define a click event:
    //
    var event = new MouseEvent('click', {
        "view": window,
        "bubbles": true,
        "cancelable": true
    });
    // and then "dispatch" that event to the targeted
    // element which should trigger the handlers
    vote.dispatchEvent(event);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to mod_rewrite based on http-header content-type is it possible to redirect the user, based on the HTTP-Header content-type?
For example:
1)
An Application is trying to load localhost/res/123/var/abc and the content-type is set to:
application/json

The server should just return the JSON-Result to the application (which is implemented).
2)
If a normal web-browser is visiting the url localhost/res/123/var/abc, the content-type is set to:
text/html

In this case the server should redirect the browser to output a webview (e.g. index_web.html).
Can i realize something like this without using PHP?

A: The content type is not set at request time, so far as I am aware. Thus, you would need to check if the browser is sending an Accept header, which describes to the server what kinds of data it will accept (and display) without downloading it. Most browsers do this. They send the following header string to the server (this is obtained from Chrome):
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8

Therefore, you would need to check the Accept header using a condition:
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept} text/html [NC]
# Then, add your RewriteRules here ...

This will check to see if text/html is contained in the Accept header.


Shades of Truman and Prendergast.
I do think it's funny. As the Dems twist slowly in the Windy City, their best idea seems to be to put the Senate choice up to the electorate; in other words, the guys who chose Blagoevich.
Explain this to me: How does a guy in a fright wig win election?
I have no explanation. It is utterly inexplicable to me.
The first election was a bit more understandable, since the GOP candidate, while not known for being sleazy, shared the same last name as the previous Governor Ryan and that was an undeserved stain that he apparently couldn't overcome. It's funny, though that The Rod won his primary by depending on down state voters, who he immediately discarded as hicks once he was in the Governor's mansion (e.g., staying in Chicago and not moving to the actual state capitol, Springfield).
The 2006 election is mystifying. There's nothing going on now that wasn't obvious then. His opponent was basically Bob Dole on the state level but apparently the voters preferred stupidity and sleaze to appartchik mediocrity. But not really more mystifying than Gray Davis' reelection.
But hey, here's a scenario for you.
Obama wins the election. The Rod calls him, being the Governor of Obama's home state and a long time political ally, looking to do some trading. Obama, realizing (or being told by Rahm Emmanuel, who is a Big Boy from Illinois) that The Rod is a hole Obama needs to stop digging, puts him off with non-committal fluff, because smart players don't piss off people without a reason. The Rod, not having a clue as to the political facts on the ground, gets all pissy anyway. RE sees the situation as a big shoe that could drop anytime and decides to eliminate the problem before it's his and Obama's problem. RE decides that an election is a bit risky, but not nearly as risky as taking on someone picked by The Rod. Besides, the Machine will control the primaries and the in-state media, so it's not all that risky. So RE tips off Fitzgerald, The Rod goes down the before the inaguration. RE figures Obama can ride it out and then use The Rod as a cut out to step away from the old stuff, because it's old news and The Rod is delusional and just flinging mud to be spiteful and it's all The Rod's sleaze anyway. Sounds like a winning plan to me.
Sounds like the Chicago my southside cousins tell me about.
ideally this issue will keep obama pre-occupied until the mid-term elections in 2010, to minimize the mischief he can get into. what if obama has to step down and fy-brain biden becomes president?!
See the next post for speculation on that.


http://public.wycokck.org/sites/plannin ... 2019-1.pdf Camping World Store was Denied. Shows proposed JCPENNY'S and Target but are they expanding and already at Legends and theirs other places not in KCK yet that might not be looking at Waterside development.
Also Foodie Park and Express Mart Gas Station on Agenda.


The Journey of a Beginning Farmer :: As a child I spent most of my life in town living with my mom, but whenever I visited my Dad and his side of the family it was on the farm. From my earliest memories I have always wanted to be a farmer (except when I wanted to be a cowboy). Now, I am trying to fulfill that dream. This will be a journal of that journey :: my research, my joys, my frustrations, and all of the things that go along with the beginning farmer.
Subscribe to "The Beginning Farmer" YouTube Channel!
What can I say? It has been a day or two since the last episode of the podcast was released and there has been a thing or two that has happened. On the other hand there is very much on the farm that is the same as it was 12 months ago. But, since it is the first episode in what we will call, "quite some time", I thought it would be best if I spent some time sharing some updates from the farm! That means episode is all about the livestock on the farm ... how they've been handling the summer, what I've been doing with them, and whether or not we still have a farm period! Hopefully you enjoy the show!
Do You Want to Know More about My Cool New Boots? These days I'm rocking LaCrosse Brand Alpha Range Boots (that's the link to the LaCrosse website) ... you can even pick them up on Amazon (affiliate link)! They are by far the most comfortable mud boots that I have ever owned. I love the gusseted back because I like to tuck my insulated bibs into the boots, and did I mention the are super comfortable! Check out the links if you are looking for some good boots this winter, and I'll share more as I see how they stand up to to the life of an Iowa pig farmer.
Check out The Beginning Farmer Show on Facebook!
As always, I want to thank you so much for listening and supporting the show with your encouragement and reviews on iTunes! I am continually working to produce a better show, and I'm thankful for all of the listeners sticking with me as I learn. If you do enjoy the show, don't forget that you can subscribe on iTunes and leave a five star rating and review (by clicking the link). If you are an Android phone user you can also subscribe on the free Stitcher App.
It is story time! Plans were made, forms were formed, rock was moved, compactors were used, rain came, snow came, everything became muddy, even more rock was moved, concrete was poured, and in the middle of the night the concrete was covered with plastic/tarps/straw. Actually it sounds pretty easy when it is summed up in one long run-on sentence! Honestly though, it was a big week on the farm to get everything ready for concrete and then eventually for the pour. And while there is still plenty of work to do in order to get everything finalized I thought it would would be fun to share the story of the big cement project. The most important thing though is to recognize the awesome help that I had! None of this would have happened without my wife, my uncle, my cousin, and my neighbors ... so, sit back and enjoy (I hope) the story.
Do You Want to Know More about My Cool New Boots?
These days I'm rocking LaCrosse Brand Alpha Range Boots (that's the link to the LaCrosse website) ... you can even pick them up on Amazon (affiliate link)! They are by far the most comfortable mud boots that I have ever owned. I love the gusseted back because I like to tuck my insulated bibs into the boots, and did I mention the are super comfortable! Check out the links if you are looking for some good boots this winter, and I'll share more as I see how they stand up to to the life of an Iowa pig farmer.
As always, I want to thank you so much for listening and supporting the show with your encouragement and reviews on iTunes! I am continually working to produce a better show, and I'm thankful for all of the listeners sticking with me as I learn.
If you do enjoy the show, don't forget that you can subscribe on iTunes and leave a five star rating and review (by clicking the link). If you are an Android phone user you can also subscribe on the free Stitcher App. It is so very encouraging to know that people are listening and enjoying the show!
With Christmas coming up before we know it (and possibly putting an end to my concrete dreams) I thought it would be good to share my Top Ten Gifts for the farmer or aspiring farmer on your list. I've tried to diversify the list a bit with some tools I use on the farm, some tools that are important to the farm, a couple of my favorite books, and even some podcasting tools! One thing that I noticed as I made up the list was that it has quite a few expensive items on it. At first I was a little taken back by that realization, but then it came to me ... as I have matured in my farming adventure I have found that quality really does win the day on the farm. Quality can save time, it can save on broken tools, and most of all it can save frustration! Of course not everything on the list is expensive ... I mean I do love a good pair of sub-$10 USA made pliers! As a bonus I'm also sharing a link to the new boots I've been putting through the paces and some leftover Beginning Farmer T-shirts!
Do you know the greatest thing about The Beginning Farmer Podcast/Blog? It is YOU of course! Two episodes ago I flipped the tables, and instead of doing my typical "question and answer" show where I attempt to answer listener questions I asked the questions. The responses you sent in and shared on concrete, turkeys, walk-in freezers, pig pastures, and show content were AWESOME and full of great knowledge. If you typically just scan the blog post and check out the links I really encourage you to take a listen to the episode this time because it is full of knowledge and experience from farmers that are out there doing it. I've also gathered together some links that helped me dig a little deeper in to the advice that came in from you, the listeners!
Smith Meadows Farm "Pastured Turkey Basics"
One other thing I mentioned in this episode was the new pair of boots that I have been running through the paces that came from LaCrosse Boots. I received a pair of Alpha Range Boots (that's the link to the LaCrosse website) ... you can even pick them up on Amazon (affiliate link)! They are by far the most comfortable mud boots that I have ever owned. I love the gusseted back because I like to tuck my insulated bibs into the boots, and did I mention the are super comfortable! Check out the links if you are looking for some good boots this winter, and I'll share more as I see how they stand up to to the life of an Iowa pig farmer.
What do you do if an animal needs to be put down?
What do farmers need to know about taxes?
Have you used sheep netting?
Rotational grazing with sheep, but not cattle. Does it work?
How about pigs ... apple cider vinegar, loading/sorting pens, and getting them on the cart?
I want some concrete! Should I feel bad about that as a grass-based farmer?
What can I plant this fall for my pig pastures next spring?
Maybe it is finally time for turkey. How can I raise them without losing my mind?
Should we invest in a walk-in freezer?
What would you like to see from "The Beginning Farmer Show"?
I am the husband of Becca and the father of five wonderful children.


What are the rules of defense in a violent encounter?
This may seem like an odd question, or maybe a legal question, but it's worth exploring. We know that violent encounters on the street don't have the same "rules" as an MMA fight or wrestling match, but are there any constraints or overarching rules that apply?
So what do you think some are some of the Rules of a Violent Encounter and how would understanding that rule help defenders to train to win?
Add your thoughts in the comments section!


text:
Mozart's "Great" Mass: Sources, History, and Performance Practice
by Smith, Elliott H. , D.M.A., University of Notre Dame, 2019, 135; 27750576
Mozart's "Great" Mass in C minor, K. 427 emerged during a great period of transitions. Its date of composition, 1782/3 places it toward the end of the Enlightenment, between the American and French Revolutions, within the early years of Josephinism, and within the early years of the Industrial Revolution. Its date further places it in the midst of sweeping changes in the development of musical instruments and the orchestra. This thesis not only aims to frame this work within its historical context, but it also investigates what the first presumed performance may have looked like based upon documentary evidence, primarily musician rosters from Salzburg and Vienna including the roster from Mozart's 1789 performance of his version of Handel's Messiah. Further, this thesis examines the work's orchestration and its expressive devices such as tempo and dynamics and studies them from the mindset of the Classical Era musician using the writings of eighteenth and nineteenth century writers such as Leopold Mozart, Daniel Gottlieb Türk, and Heinrich Koch coupled with the writings of modern scholars and performers such as Leonard Ratner and Robin Stowell. This paper's ultimate purpose is to aid the modern conductor by presenting a well-rounded view of the work, its sources, and its performance history, as well as by offering performance suggestions.
Advisor: Walker, Paul
Commitee: Téllez, Carmen-Helena, Liberatore , John
School: University of Notre Dame
School Location: United States -- Indiana
Source: DAI-A 81/6(E), Dissertation Abstracts International
Subjects: Music, Performing Arts, Music history, Music theory
Keywords: Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, Performance practice, K 427, Sacred music


text:
Illegal caravans headed to border due to Biden's 'open door policy': Mark Morgan
Acting CBP Commissioner Mark Morgan weighs in on changing immigration policy under President-elect Joe Biden.
'I had no qualms': The people turning in loved ones for the Capitol attack
When Alison Lopez discovered her uncle's sister had been part of the mob that breached the Capitol doors on 6 January, she immediately reported her to the FBI. Lopez found out about her in-law's participation when the woman in question called her aunt from inside the Capitol to brag about "taking back the election". In the week after the attacks on the Capitol, there has been a concerted effort to "unmask" rioters online, with self-styled detectives investigating who's who in videos and photos posted from the attack.
'What the hell's the matter with them?': Biden scorches GOP lawmakers who didn't wear masks in secure areas during Capitol riots, saying they need 'to grow up'
President-elect Joe Biden on Friday excoriated Republicans who refused to wear masks while huddled with other lawmakers during the Capitol riots, saying they needed "to grow up." "Quite frankly, it was shocking to see members of the Congress while the Capitol was under siege by a deadly mob of thugs refuse to wear masks while they were in secure locations," he said. At least three Democratic House members who were in locations with a select number of maskless Republicans have now tested positive for COVID-19, including Reps. Bonnie Watson Coleman of New Jersey, Pramila Jayapal of Washington, and Brad Schneider of Illinois.
Fact check: Trump loses several perks only if there's an impeachment conviction by Jan. 20
The claim: If President Trump is impeached again, he loses many post-presidency perks On Jan. 13, President Donald Trump became the only U.S. president to be impeached twice. Even before that, Americans took to social media to deliberate what this could mean for Trump after he leaves office Jan. 20. For those wondering if it's worth impeaching him this time, it means he: 1) loses his 200k+ pension for the rest of his life, 2) loses his 1 million dollar/year travel allowance, 3) loses lifetime full secret service detail, 4) loses his ability to run in 2024," Ben Costiloe tweeted Jan. 8.
Defending impeached president


text:
Save the Tarpon
Boycott the PTTS Sponsors and Affiliates
PTTS Exposed
FWC rules 'new jig' is illegal
May 14, 2014 by STT Leave a Comment
It's official. And it didn't take long. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission is telling its law enforcement officers that the "new and improved" tarpon jig (see photo) that turned up recently in Boca Grande Pass isn't new and it isn't improved.
It's illegal.
And like the vote that banned the bottom-weighted hook last year, the decision was unanimous.
Thomas Graef, the FWC's regional director for Southwest Florida, agrees. Capt. Guy Carpenter, FWC law enforcement supervisor for Lee and Charlotte counties, agrees. And Nick Wiley, executive director of the FWC, agrees. And they've put it in writing.
They all agree. And there's no wiggle room on this one. It's simple. Use the new jig and you're breaking the law.
"The jig depicted in the drawing (the photo above) is not legal as the weight appears to be designed to slide down the shank," Carpenter wrote.
"If a fisherman in Boca Grande is found to be in possession of one, it's prohibited use will be explained and properly documented."
Carpenter continues. "If the fisherman is found to be fishing it, the violation will handled appropriately based on knowledge and prior contact."
Translation: Use the "new jig," get caught using the new jig, and the FWC will give you a warning. Do it twice, and the FWC will give you a second degree misdemeanor prosecution.
The determination was made and announced by Carpenter late Monday night. "A tug pulls the eye of the from under zip tie and hook point rips from plastic soft body tail," the FWC said. In other words, a flick of the wrist turns the "new jig" into the "old jig."
A memo detailing the FWC's determination has been circulated among the area's FWC law enforcement officers. According to the FWC, those law enforcement officers will be in the Pass and they'll be looking for violators.
Unless stowed out of reach, just having a new jig or an old jig while in Boca Grande Pass – whether it's used or not – is also a violation.
(How does the "new jig" become the "old jig?" All it takes is a jerk. And a quick tug on the line. Check out the video below.)
Filed Under: Features, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Hall of Shame, News & Updates, PTTS Exposed Tagged With: Catch & Release, Conservation, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Wildlife Research Institute, FWC, Gary Ingman, Ingman Marine, Joe Mercurio, Professional Tarpon Tournament Series, PTTS, Save the Tarpon, Snatch Hooks, Tarpon Jigs
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