text:
Home / Health • Society / Leading the charge to find a c ...
Leading the charge to find a cure for MS
Renee Coffey | May 13, 2015
Throughout May the Kiss Goodbye to MS campaign raises funds for vital research into multiple sclerosis. Renee Coffey tells her journey with MS.
I will always remember the day I got the "probable" diagnosis for multiple sclerosis (MS). It was 2011. I was 29 years old, newly married and in the process of moving to Sydney with my husband for a significant promotion.
In a Bondi Junction neurologist's office, the backlight revealed two "sizeable" lesions on my MRI, and it became clear why I had been experiencing so many strange neurological symptoms. I headed straight to the airport. My husband and family were in Brisbane and I knew that's where I needed to be.
In the lounge waiting for my flight, I phoned my boss and mentor – Executive Director of the Australian Indigenous Education Foundation, Andrew Penfold.
We discussed many things, but I remember saying to Andrew that looking into the future I didn't want MS to define me; and in no way did I want it to become an integral part of my identity. I had worked hard in my career and at most, no matter how severe, I wanted MS to be a small footnote in the story of my life.
Over the ensuing four years, my initial views changed markedly.
Around 23,000 Australians are living with MS. It is a disease of the central nervous system, disturbing nerve impulses within the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. Many symptoms of MS are easy to hide – especially in the early stages of the disease.
Since my probable diagnosis, I have met several people who choose to conceal their MS diagnosis. This is out of fear of prejudice and discrimination from family, friends, romantic interests and most prominently – from employers. Considering the support I received from Andrew and my colleagues this was, and still is, shocking to me.
I soon also realised very few people in Australian public life live openly with MS. Exceptions include Ipswich Mayor Paul Pisasale, Simon McKeon AO, Prof George Jelinek, Tim Ferguson, Jason Jordan and the late Chrissy Amphlett.
I am convinced there are many more prominent and every day Australians that choose to keep their MS diagnosis private.
In early 2014, three years after my initial diagnosis, MS Research Australia invited me to become a Kiss Goodbye to MS Ambassador.
MS Research Australia is the largest not for profit organisation working to accelerate Australian MS research toward the prevention, better treatments and a cure for MS.
I knew that taking on this role would mean that my MS would be somewhat elevated out of the footnotes of my life. Ultimately, my decision to publicly support the Kiss Goodbye to MS campaign was a result of several considerations.
One reason I chose to step into a public ambassador role is because people facing a diagnosis of MS need examples of other people who live a full and productive life with this condition. The newly diagnosed need to see that with significant lifestyle changes it can also be a reasonably healthy life. Without more people living openly with MS, the diagnosis journey for many more Australians will continue to be an unnecessarily fearful one.
I believe that by encouraging others to disclose their diagnosis, employers are given the opportunity to provide appropriate support to people with MS. A recent Australian study showed that disclosing a diagnosis of MS in the workplace is, on average, associated with greater employment retention.
More people disclosing their diagnosis will further highlight the need for vital medical research to be undertaken. Australia is leading the charge in MS research but significantly more funding is needed to continue this vital work. We know so little about this disease and we do not yet fully understand how it develops. We need treatments for it in its progressive form and we are yet to find a cure. This research will not happen simply because it is needed, or because it is right or fair. It takes money, public support and political will.
Since 2011, I have been very fortunate with my health. My husband and I have had two sons, I completed a Graduate Certificate in Social Impact and I have continued in a senior role with the Australian Indigenous Education Foundation. Most importantly, I remain a passionate supporter of the work of MS Research Australia.
Renee Coffey
Renee Coffey (@rey_coffey) is a 2015 Kiss Goodbye to MS Ambassador and Projects Director at the Australian Indigenous Education Foundation. She is a wife and mother to two-year-old Alexander and new baby Lewis. Following her diagnosis of probable MS in 2011, Renee converted to a plant-based and seafood diet, with regular sunshine, omega 3s and exercise and has to date been relapse free. In early 2015 a second MRI confirmed Renee's diagnosis. Renee is excited that Australian researchers are leading the charge to find a cure for MS.
Melbourne scientists cultivate the novel coronavirus
Go wild and silly for a serious cause
Do it with heart
NSW Out of Home Care Reform – A game changer?
Conditions for children in immigration detention don't improve
The world can do more to fight chronic disease
Fasting and dealing with imperfection


text:
from django import forms
from django.forms.util import ValidationError
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _

from ajax_filtered_fields.forms import FilteredSelectMultiple, FilteredSelect
from ajax_filtered_fields import utils

class AjaxManyToManyField(forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField):
    """
    Base many to many form field that display filter choices using
    JQuery ajax requests.
    """
    def __init__(self, model, lookups, default_index=0, select_related=None,
        widget=FilteredSelectMultiple, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        model: the related model
        lookups: a sequence of (label, lookup_dict) that tells how to
            filter the objects
            e.g. (
                    ('active', {'is_active': True}),
                    ('inactive', {'is_active': False}),
                    )
            you may specify what you want in lookup_dict, give multiple
            filter lookups for the same choice and also set a choice that
            gets all unfiltered objects
            e.g. (
                    ('some stuff', {
                        'field1__startswith': 'a',
                        'field2': 'value'
                        }),
                    ('all stuff', {}),
                    )

        default_index: the index of the lookup sequence that will
            be the default choice when the field is initially displayed.
            set to None if you want the widget to start empty

        select_related: if not None the resulting querydict is performed
            using select_related(select_related), allowing foreign keys
            to be retrieved (e.g. useful when the unicode representation
            of the model objects contains references to foreign keys)

        It is possible to pass all the other args and kwargs accepted by
        the django field class.
        """
        # get the default index and queryset
        # queryset is empty if default index is None
        if default_index is None:
            queryset = model.objects.none()
        else:
            lookups_list = utils.getLookups(lookups)
            lookup_dict = lookups_list[default_index][1]
            # get the queryset
            queryset = utils.getObjects(model, lookup_dict, select_related)
        # call the parent constructor
        super(AjaxManyToManyField, self
            ).__init__(queryset, widget=widget, *args, **kwargs)
        # populate widget with some data
        self.widget.lookups = self.lookups = lookups
        self.widget.model = self.model = model
        self.widget.select_related = select_related

    def clean(self, value):
        if self.required and not value:
            raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required'])
        elif not self.required and not value:
            return []
        if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['list'])
        final_values = []
        # if there is only one lookup used to limit choices, then a real
        # validation over that limited choices is performed
        lookups_list = utils.getLookups(self.lookups)
        limit_choices_to = {} if len(lookups_list) != 1 else lookups_list[0][1]
        for val in value:
            try:
                obj = self.model.objects.get(pk=val, **limit_choices_to)
            except self.model.DoesNotExist:
                raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice'] % val)
            else:
                final_values.append(obj)
        return final_values

class AjaxForeignKeyField(forms.ModelChoiceField):
    """
    Base foreign key form field that display filter choices using
    JQuery ajax requests.
    """
    def __init__(self, model, lookups, default_index=0, select_related=None,
        widget=FilteredSelect, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        See the AjaxManyToManyField docstring.
        """
        # get the default index and queryset
        # queryset is empty if default index is None
        if default_index is None:
            queryset = model.objects.none()
        else:
            lookups_list = utils.getLookups(lookups)
            lookup_dict = lookups_list[default_index][1]
            # get the queryset
            queryset = utils.getObjects(model, lookup_dict, select_related)
        # call the parent constructor
        super(AjaxForeignKeyField, self
            ).__init__(queryset, widget=widget, *args, **kwargs)
        # populate widget with some data
        self.widget.lookups = self.lookups = lookups
        self.widget.model = self.model = model
        self.widget.select_related = select_related

    def clean(self, value):
        if value in forms.fields.EMPTY_VALUES:
            return None
        # if there is only one lookup used to limit choices, then a real
        # validation over that limited choices is performed
        lookups_list = utils.getLookups(self.lookups)
        limit_choices_to = {} if len(lookups_list) != 1 else lookups_list[0][1]
        try:
            key = self.to_field_name or 'pk'
            limit_choices_to[key] = value
            value = self.model.objects.get(**limit_choices_to)
        except self.model.DoesNotExist:
            raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice'])
        return value

def _byLetterFactory(parent):
    """
    Factory function returning a ManyToMany or ForeignKey field with
    filters based on initials of a field of the objects.
    parent can be AjaxManyToManyField or AjaxForeignKeyField.
    """
    class ByLetter(parent):
        """
        Ajax filtered field that displays filters based on
        initials of a field of the objects, as they are typed by the user.
        """
        def __init__(self, model, field_name="name", *args, **kwargs):
            """
            model: the related model
            field_name: the name of the field looked up
                for initial

            It is possible to pass all the other args and kwargs accepted by
            parent ajax filtered field.
            """
            import string
            lookup_key = "%s__istartswith" % field_name
            lookups = [(i, {lookup_key: i}) for i in string.lowercase]
            # other non-letter records
            regex_lookup_key = "%s__iregex" % field_name
            lookups.append((_('other'), {regex_lookup_key: "^[^a-z]"}))

            super(ByLetter, self).__init__(model, lookups, *args, **kwargs)
    return ByLetter

ManyToManyByLetter = _byLetterFactory(AjaxManyToManyField)
ForeignKeyByLetter = _byLetterFactory(AjaxForeignKeyField)

def _byStatusFactory(parent):
    """
    Factory function returning a ManyToMany or ForeignKey field with
    filters based on activation status of the object.
    parent can be AjaxManyToManyField or AjaxForeignKeyField.
    """
    class ByStatus(parent):
        """
        Ajax filtered field that displays filters based on
        activation status of the objects.
        """
        def __init__(self, model, field_name="is_active", *args, **kwargs):
            """
            model: the related model
            field_name: the name of the field that
                manages the activation of the object

            It is possible to pass all the other args and kwargs accepted by
            parent ajax filtered field.
            """
            lookups = (
                (_('active'), {field_name: True}),
                (_('inactive'), {field_name: False}),
                (_('all'), {}),
                )
            super(ByStatus, self).__init__(model, lookups, *args, **kwargs)
    return ByStatus

ManyToManyByStatus = _byStatusFactory(AjaxManyToManyField)
ForeignKeyByStatus = _byStatusFactory(AjaxForeignKeyField)

def _byRelatedFieldFactory(parent):
    """
    Factory function returning a ManyToMany or ForeignKey field with
    filters based on a related field (foreign key or many to many) of the
    object. parent can be AjaxManyToManyField or AjaxForeignKeyField.
    """
    class ByRelatedField(parent):
        """
        Ajax filtered field that displays filters based on a related field
        (foreign key or many to many) of the object.
        """
        def __init__(self, model, field_name, include_blank=False,
            *args, **kwargs):
            """
            model: the related model
            field_name: the name of the field representing the relationship
                between the model and the related model
            include_blank: if not False is displayed a NULL choice for
                objects without relation (field_name__isnull=True).
                The label of the choice must be specified as string.

            It is possible to pass all the other args and kwargs accepted by
            parent ajax filtered field.
            """
            field = model._meta.get_field(field_name)
            attname = "%s__pk" % field_name

            def lookups():
                """
                Return the lookups dict. This is needed because the lookups
                may change as consequence of database changes at runtime.
                """
                choices = field.get_choices(include_blank=include_blank)
                lookups_ = [(label, {attname: pk}) for pk, label in choices if pk]
                # add the blank choice lookup
                if include_blank:
                    attname_isnull = "%s__isnull" % field_name
                    lookups_.append((include_blank, {attname_isnull: True}))
                # add the all objects lookup
                lookups_.append((_('all'), {}))
                return lookups_

            super(ByRelatedField, self).__init__(model, lookups, *args, **kwargs)
    return ByRelatedField

ManyToManyByRelatedField = _byRelatedFieldFactory(AjaxManyToManyField)
ForeignKeyByRelatedField = _byRelatedFieldFactory(AjaxForeignKeyField)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The new range of Air Disc Brake Calipers was displayed for the first time at the Commercial Vehicle Show 2016. Production begins in Summer for a full launch in September with plans to exhibit at Automechanika Frankfurt and at IAA Hannover. Further details of the range are available in the product section which will be regularly updated as the range expands.


text:
Inside these posts: Water Tower
Sep. 17, 2010 at 3:30 p.m.
Filed under: Commercial real estate, Food, Real estate, Restaurants, Updated
Water Tower Place Chick-fil-A planned for 2011
By Emily Bryson York
Chick-fil-A is bringing its fried chicken sandwiches and waffle fries to downtown Chicago next spring.
Although the lease has yet to be signed, John E. Featherston Jr., Chick-fil-A's senior director of real estate, said that a Chick-fil-A restaurant will open near Water Tower Place.
"I've been to a lot of intersections downtown, and this is the first one where I want to plant the flag," Featherston said. "Hopefully this will lead to others." Get the full story »
May 26, 2010 at 1:02 p.m.
Filed under: Media, Retail
Oprah Store to open at Water Tower Place
By Sandra M. Jones | Oprah Winfrey makes no secret about loving to shop. Now, she is headed to the mall, literally.
The talk show star plans to open a mini Oprah Store at Water Tower Place in Chicago on Thursday.
The 138-square-foot shop — an upscale kiosk Harpo Retail calls a microsalon – marks the second retail outpost for Winfrey and could signal broader retail ambitions.
The window at Winfrey's first store, 37 N. Carpenter St., across from her West Side studio (Harpo Productions, Inc./George Burns) >>
Get the full story »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Frankie Sandford and Wayne Bridge are having a baby!
Congrats to The Saturdays star Frankie Sandford and her fiance Wayne Bridge, they're having a baby!
Congrats to Frankie Sandford and Wayne Bridge on their exciting news - Frankie is pregnant with their first child.
"Some big news from me today! Wayne and I are having a baby. We are both SO happy and can't wait for his or hers arrival!"
This was quickly met with a response from Frankie's band mate Una Healy, who tweeted: "So happy and excited for our @FrankieTheSats and Wayne's baby news!! X"
It seems like only yesterday that Frankie and her fella Wayne Bridge announced they were engaged. Seriously, it's almost too much excitement for us to deal with!
Aww, we love a pop sprog.
Are you loving the baby news? Tweet us @CosmopolitanUK.
The Saturdays tweet excitement over Frankie and Wayne's engagement: "Welcome to the wifey club!"
Frankie Sandford : "Rihanna a bad role model? It's a bit much putting it all on her"


Click Check My Inventory on the Employee tab to check inventory levels across one or more stock sites. This is especially useful if service trucks are used as stock sites. The service technician can filter the list using the work vehicle as the stock site.


Beginning in the 1980s, design teams used logic analysers extensively to debug embedded systems containing high-performance processors. Development teams designed in PCB connectors with a pre-specified layout for tracing the processor. For 32-bit processors, this requirement typically included 102 to 136 signals consisting of the data, address and status signals. Logic analysers still require a certain arrangement of these signals to be laid out on the user's target system. Each processor has an associated logic analysis configuration file and inverse assembler that works with a specified PCB layout. Inverse assembly software converts the acquired data to instruction mnemonics. Processor execution trace measurements are available as long as teams plan for debug early in development.
In the late 1990's 32-bit embedded processors began incorporating technologies that made it more difficult to make logic analysis trace measurements. Shrinking real estate available for debug made it impractical for a number of designers to include connectors for tracing. Even if the design team had designed in connectors for trace measurement, if the processor was executing out of cache memory, no signals of relevance would be transmitted to the pins which the logic analyser was monitoring. Turning off cache caused the system to run at a slower rate and could mask problems that would only occur at real system speeds. In addition, pipelining and out-of-order execution made it more difficult for logic analysis vendors to unravel information on the bus.
Recently, Agilent and Xilinx (distributed by Insight ) collaborated to develop a logic analysis trace solution for the latter's MicroBlaze processor core—residing on its Virtex and Spartan FPGAs—that overcomes the traditional difficulties of tracing software execution using a logic analyser. The solution contains two essential building blocks: An inverse assembler for MicroBlaze, and MicroBlaze Trace Core (MTC).
For PCB layout, design teams enable the inverse assembler by routing MicroBlaze program counter signals (PC_Ex) and the valid cycle signal (Valid_Instr) to pins. Routing these signals to a specified layout allows for fast connection to a logic analyser via mictor, samtec, or softtouch probing. Or, a user can connect the logic analyser to these signals using a berg strip or header using individual flying leads. Due to their reprogrammable nature, FPGAs with MicroBlaze can be traced late in the development cycle. As long as a sufficient number pins have been reserved for debug, designers can reconfigure their FPGA for MicroBlaze tracing without any PCB changes.
The Agilent inverse assembler for MicroBlaze reconstructs program flow by capturing the instruction address of each executed instruction and looking up the associated opcode in the object module format (OMF) file. It then decodes the opcode into a MicroBlaze mnemonic.
As pins available for debug are often scarce, the inverse assembler includes a capability that reduces the number of required pins. Although there are 32 PC_Ex signals, the number of external signals needed for capturing a logic analysis trace is typically significantly less than 32. This reduction is accomplished using two different techniques. First, the upper address bits do not need to be traced. For any given design, a certain number of upper address bits are static. Pin reduction can be achieved with 1 additional pin decreased for each static upper address bit in the program counter. This information is specified by the use. Also, the lower two address bits do not need to be traced. All instructions start on 4-Byte boundaries. Using these techniques, tracing a program size of 1 MByte requires only about 18 pins.
Unlike standalone processors where logic analysis tracing becomes impossible when cache is enabled, a logic analyser can trace MicroBlaze even when cache is enabled. This is a result of being able to program the FPGA to bring out signals at the execution stage of the MicroBlaze pipeline.
Agilent logic analysers come standard with a source correlation window. By reading a symbol file (.elf format), the logic analyser can associate captured addresses with the high level software associated with that address. Opcode images are found in the text sections of the elf object files. As the user steps through assembly instructions, the equivalent line in the source code for this instruction is also highlighted. Or, the user can step through high-level source code while the logic analyser simultaneously displays the associated instruction mnemonics in the lower window. The user can right-click in the source code to set up the logic analysis trigger (trace specification) for the next acquisition.
An optional MicroBlaze trace core (MTC), reduces the amount of time and the number of pins required to trace MicroBlaze with a logic analyser as shown in Figure 1. The MTC core, co-developed by Agilent and Xilinx, works exclusively with the Embedded Developer Kit (EDK) flow. Design team members can graphically add an MTC core to their design. Core parameters include pin compression using TDM, pin location and I/O standard.
First, the MTC core connects required MicroBlaze signals to pins (pre-synthesis).
Second, the core incorporates time division multiplexing to reduce the number of pins required by a factor of 2. Two MicroBlaze signals are time division multiplexed onto a single pin with data valid on the rising edge of the clock for signal one and data valid for signal two on the falling edge of the clock. A demux clocking mode in the logic analyser decompresses the information and splits it into 2 separate logic analysis channels.
The MTC core includes technology that reduces initial set-up time from hours to seconds and eliminates manual errors that can happen during the PCB layout. Tracing MicroBlaze can be done late in product development as the MTC core eliminates the need to layout a PCB with a specific MicroBlaze signal pattern for mictor, samtec, or softtouch probes. Via JTAG, the logic analyser sends an autosetup message to the MTC core. The core outputs a training pattern on a specific MTC pin. The logic analyser looks for this training pattern across its channels and discovers which channel is connected to the MTC pin. The logic analyser knows how each MTC core input is routed through the core to pins from its communication with the MTC core. Using this correlation, the instrument now has sufficient knowledge to determine how to set up the physical connection between specific microprocessor signals and the specific input channel on the logic analyser. This process is sequentially repeated for each MTC output pin.
The MTC core, constructed entirely of flops and LUTs, uses a multi-stage pipeline (typically 4) to minimise impact on device timing when the core is inserted as shown in Figure 2. MTC cores are very small. An MTC core in a XC2V3000 device consumes roughly 1 percent of the LUTs and flops.
FPGAs enable fast accurate processor execution tracing not available in stand-alone processors. Agilent's inverse assembler for MicroBlaze soft processor core provides design teams with an effective tool for tracing software flow. Agilent's royalty-free MTC core, distributed as part of EDK (beginning with Version 8.1), minimises the time to set-up the measurement and eliminates the need for a specified PCB layout.
Further information: Joel Woodward works for Agilent Technologies.


MUMBAI: In a landmark judgement, which has come as a major blow to the Indian Premier League (IPL), the Supreme Court appointed Justice Lodha Committee has suggested that two teams namely Chennai Super Kings (CSK) and Rajasthan Royals (RR) be suspended for two years from playing in the cash-rich tourney.
Moreover, Gurunath Meiyappan, the son-in-law of ex-BCCI chief and CSK owner N Srinivasan, and Rajasthan Royals owner Raj Kundra have also been suspended for five years from involvement in any type of cricket matches with the BCCI. Additionally, Meiyappan and Kundra have been banned for life from any cricketing activity as they have violated the rules of IPL and cricket.
"The purity of the game has been affected by the actions of India Cements and CSK. Fans have been cheated. India Cements did not take any action against Meiyappan. I propose to impose sanctions on India Cement's franchise by suspending it from the league for two years. RR can't shrink responsibility by saying Kundra acted in personal capacity. RR is also suspended for two years from IPL," Justice Lodha said.
Informing the media that Meiyappan suffered a loss of Rs 60 lakh in bets, Justice Lodha said that Meiyappan's passion for the game was questionable and that he put the game into disrepute as a team official.
"Three RR players were arrested for charges of fixing in 2013. Also a player was approached this year. This shows all is not well in RR. The purity of game must remain central to cricket," he added.
Speaking about the future of the two franchisees that have been suspended, Justice Lodha said that it was for the BCCI to decide whether CSK or RR will be bought by another franchise.
Clarifying that the committee had not decided any criminal liability, Justice Lodha said that the committee had acted on behalf of BCCI. "The law will take its own course. No criminal liability has been decided by us," he said.
The Lodha Committee was appointed by a Supreme Court Bench on 22 January. Its verdict will be final and binding on the BCCI, the promoters and owners of the IPL.
The IPL match fixing scandal came to light in May 2013 when the Delhi Police arrested three Rajasthan Royals players S Sreesanth, Ajit Chandila and Ankeet Chavan for being involved in match fixing.
Pertinent to note here is that the broadcasting rights of IPL, which currently vest with Multi Screen Media (MSM), are slated to come up for bidding in 2016-17. MSM had the rights to the T20 tourney for a period of nine years, which is up to 2017. Whether this landmark outcome of the 2013 match-fixing scandal will have an impact on the bidding price remains to be seen.


text:
UNITED KINGDOM: Changes in the Assessment of Good Character in Citizenship Applications
from ABIL Global Immigration Update
As of December 13, 2012, the United Kingdom made changes to the Nationality Instructions that affect anyone applying for citizenship on or after that date. The main changes deal with criminality and how it is assessed in terms of the good character requirement in citizenship applications. Some of the main amendments are summarized below:
Applications made on or after December 13, 2012, that include a criminal conviction will no longer be assessed against the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974. Instead they will be measured against a new set of sentencing limits.
Where an application features a sentence of four years or more in prison, this can never fall outside a sentencing threshold. Such an application for citizenship will likely be refused.
Police cautions will be considered in determining whether someone meets the good character requirement.
In the case of a non-custodial offense, applications will be refused if the conviction occurred in the last three years.
Other examples of matters that could be taken into account when considering good character include failure to pay appropriate taxes, a TV license, or council tax, or repeatedly receiving fixed penalty notices.


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Acid-free crystal clear photo corners.
Lineco Archival Polypropylene 5/8" (1.5875 cm) Photo Corners. Quantity 500 per package. Used for mounting photos and art. These Photo Corners are made of acid-free archivally safe polypropylene. Permanent adhesive does not touch photo or art work. Strong, easy to use, self-adhesive backed. Non-yellowing and crystal clear. These Photo Corners have passed the PAT (Photo Activity Test) and are photo-safe.


text:
Q: How to use the condensation algorithm available in OpenCV? I need to implement a software for tracking of moving objects in image streams using the condensation algorithm and the OpenCV library. I have read that OpenCV includes an implementation of this algorithm, but I did not find examples or tutorials that explain how to use the corresponding functions available in OpenCV.
The cvCreateConDensation function allocates the CvConDensation structure and requires the dimension of the state vector (dynam_params), the dimension of the measurement vector (measure_params) and the number of samples (sample_count).

*

*The dimension of the state vector should refer to the object state: for example, if the state could be the center point of the tracked object, then the state vector should contain the two coordinates of the center of the object, so the dimension of the state vector should be 2 in this case; in a similar manner, if the state of an object is formed by S points belonging to its shape, then I will specify 2*S as dynam_params value (ie the number of coordinates is equal to 2*S). Is this correct?

*The number of samples is the number of particles, therefore the parameter sample_count must be set with the number of particles to be used for the tracking of the object.

*What about the dimension of the measurement vector? What is the purpose the measure_params parameter?

The cvConDensInitSampleSet function initializes the sample set for the condensation algorithm. Which rule is used to initialize the sample set? Which distribution is used to initialize the sample set? Given the starting position and the bounding box of the object to be tracked, how does this function initialize the sample set?
What is the function that performs a complete interaction (select, predict and measure) of the algorithm? How do the samples are updated?
Is there any tutorial that explains in detail how to use the functions available in OpenCV?

A: A working example of condensation algorithm can be found in the Q&A of opencv and ross (same author):
http://answers.ros.org/question/55316/using-the-opencv-particle-filter-condensation/
and
http://answers.opencv.org/question/6985/syntax-for-particle-filter-in-opencv-243/

A: Here is another implementation of a particle filter, and the OpenCV and GSL libraries were used. The source code provided by the author is easy to read. Maybe you can learn something from it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Yes, my BB ribs at 245 take about 4-5 hours, no wrapping.
What shelf are you placing the meat on? The upper shelf is 20f or so lower in temp.
I was originally using the upper shelf but the last spare ribs I did on the bottom shelf. I'm only smoking them at 225° also.
You will need to raise the temperature to get faster cook times.
I have done at 225 usually adds another hours or so and really cannot say it adds anything to the tenderness or juiciness. Have stayed with the above paragraph for the last couple of years and seems to fit most of the palates.
I have a Yoder 1500 and I recent smoked five 12# Angus, Choice packer briskets. Used Wisconsin Apple and Pecan 50/50 mixed with 3 briskets on the bottom, close to the firebox as I could get them and 2 on the top rack, to the left side. Temperature was set at 220*. Commenced the cook about 10:20 PM Tuesday and took the last brisket off at about 11:15 PM Wednesday. With this taking so long, I did up the temperature up to 250* and again Later to 270* during the cook. Did spritz with Apple Juice and Worcestershire Sauce.
I'm waiting a return call from Yoder CS; curious if anyone, as philleefan described above, has experienced this same issue and if so how did you correct this problem by increasing the temperature to like 275* for this many briskets????.
I've completely cleaned the smoker, grates, chimney, replace the sealer around the firebox with the recommended Permatex, centered the igniter in the housing and cleaned off the thermocouple. The igniter is extending about 3/8 - 1/4 inch pasted the housing. Open to suggestions.
Plan on running a 2 hours temperature check, soon as I'm off call. thanks in advance for suggestions.


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The Problem With How We Measure Housing Affordability
by Aaron Wiener March 31st, 2015 September 25th, 2020
Yesterday, I reported that D.C. is a more affordable place for millennials to live than cities like Baltimore and Charlotte and Philadelphia. This finding, courtesy of the D.C. Office of Revenue Analysis, naturally comes as something of a surprise, since those cities have considerably lower housing costs than D.C. It all comes down to how you measure affordability. Looking just at median rents, D.C. is far more expensive than these cities—in the case of Charlotte, more than twice as expensive. But factoring in income, D.C. becomes more affordable, since the median person between the ages of 18 and 34 has more disposable income after paying for housing.
There's no hard-and-fast definition of "affordable housing," but there is a national standard that comes pretty close. According to that rule of thumb, if a person pays less than 30 percent of his or her income toward housing, it's considered affordable. If he or she pays more than that, it's unaffordable.
In the Washington Post, Emily Badger points out one problem with this formula: It doesn't account for transportation costs. If your rent is just $500 a month but you're spending close to $10,000 a year on car payments and gas to get to the office from the suburbs, you're not really better off than someone who pays $1,200 a month in rent but can walk to work. Badger approvingly cites a different affordability threshold from the Center for Neighborhood Technology. CNT's affordability cap is 45 percent, and it includes both housing and transportation.
The map above shows which D.C. neighborhoods meet this threshold for households with the region's median income. Light colors indicate that most households are under the 45 percent cap; dark colors mean most households are above it. In the District, the housing-plus-transportation measure hews closely to a simply housing measure, since housing costs tend to be a lot higher than transportation costs. Neighborhoods with expensive housing are largely unaffordable, while cheaper neighborhoods are more affordable, although there are a couple of spots with poor transit connections that are a bit less affordable than you might otherwise expect.
But zoom out to the regional level, and the formula changes:
Even though housing in the District is, by and large, more expensive than housing in the suburbs, many suburbs are less affordable than the District, particularly the outer ones, because it's a lot more expensive to get around and commute to work.
This measure is certainly more complete than the simple 30 percent threshold. But it, too, suffers from a fatal flaw, one that colors how we think about affordable housing.
On my post yesterday, a commenter wrote:
The logic breaks down here Aaron, proving that the title of this story is incorrect. Row #3 is the critical row of data, as it pertains directly to the definition of affordability from the regulations — what percentage of one's income is one paying for renting a 1-bedroom unit (burden). DC residents are paying 14% more than what is legally considered affordable in the District. So no, DC is not more affordable than Baltimore or Philly and is in fact on average unaffordable.
The commenter was referring to millennials' "rent burden." In D.C., according to the Office of Revenue Analysis, the median millennial household spends 44 percent of its earnings on rent—a higher figure than in Baltimore or Charlotte, and above the 30 percent limit. The commenter is completely correct in pointing out that by our standard measure, that means the District's typical millennial can't afford his or her rental housing.
But that's just because our standard measure is problematic. Think of it this way. Let's take two hypothetical people, Bernardo and Bernadette. Bernardo makes $2 million a year and spends half of it, or $1 million, on housing. Bernadette makes $20,000 a year and spends just a quarter of it, or $5,000, on housing. According to the golden rule of affordability, Bernardo's housing is unaffordable, and Bernadette's is affordable. But of course that's ridiculous: Bernardo has $1 million left over to spend on other things, while Bernadette has just $15,000. Bernardo will have no trouble getting by in the District with that disposable income, while Bernadette will struggle mightily, particularly if she has kids. (For simplicity's sake, I'm not factoring in taxes here; even though they'll take a bigger chunk out of Bernardo's paycheck, he'll still be just fine.)
This is not just an abstract problem of how to calibrate studies of affordability. It has major real-life implications. Housing subsidies, through programs like rapid rehousing and Section 8, are often tied to the 30 percent threshold: A household pays 30 percent of its income toward rent, and the government covers the rest. Even if 30 percent is a reasonable affordability measure for the average family, it be crippling for someone like Bernadette, who has children to feed and clothe and little cash to spare.
There's another problem with the 30 percent threshold: Most D.C. households don't meet it. (Nor do residents of the seven other cities the Office of Revenue Analysis studied—all had rent burdens above 30 percent.) According to a recent study, 51 percent of D.C. renters pay more than 30 percent of their income in rent. For some households, that's fine: A single person with a high income and no car or kids to worry about can pay half his income in rent without a problem. For others, it's not: A mother of three kids can hardly afford to put most of her meager salary toward rent. The trouble is that things tend to skew the other way. Among very low-income households, 84 percent pay more than 30 percent of their income in rent, while just 4 percent of high earners do. That's problematic for a host of reasons, but it doesn't change the fact that the 30 percent limit has simply become unrealistic for the majority of households in a high-cost city like D.C.
The Office of Revenue Analysis attempted a different approach, one that defines affordability by disposable income rather than an arbitrary percentage. It's arguably a more important measure: How much money you can spend on non-housing needs is a more accurate determinant of your quality of life than what percentage of your income goes toward housing. And so it's a welcome change of pace, amid all the reports of D.C.'s shrinking supply of affordable housing, to receive a small piece of good news on this front, even if just for one slice of the District's population.
Maps from CNT


text: Q: How to Resolve Flickering Screen in MacBook? My MacBook keeps flickering every time I use it. I tried searching the internet for ways to resolve this issue, but the screen only went okay for a couple of days, and then the problem came back after several days.


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c. October 27, 1466
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Gerard Gerardson
A Brief Stint in the Priesthood
Life as a Professional Scholar
Later Life
"There are some people who live in a dream world, and there are some who face reality; and then there are those who turn one into the other.""In the country of the blind, the one eyed man is king.""He who allows oppression shares the crime."
Erasmus Biography
Linguist (c. 1466–1536)
Erasmus was the dominant figure of the early humanist movement. Neither a radical nor an apologist, he remains one of early Renaissance controversial figures.
Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam was one of Europe's most famous and influential scholars. A man of great intellect who rose from meager beginnings to become one of Europe's greatest thinkers, he defined the humanist movement in Northern Europe. His translation to Greek of the New Testament brought on a theological revolution, and his views on the Reformation tempered its more radical elements.
Erasmus rose from obscure beginnings to become one of the leading intellectual figures of the early Northern Renaissance. Most historians believe that he was born Gerard Gerardson in 1466 (with many noting his probable birthdate as October 27) in Rotterdam, Holland. His father, believed to be Roger Gerard, was a priest, and his mother was named Margaret, the daughter of a physician. He was christened with the name "Erasmus," meaning "beloved."
Erasmus began his education at the age of 4, attending a school in Gouda, a town near Rotterdam. When he was 9 years old, his father sent him to a prestigious Latin grammar school, where his natural academic ability blossomed. After his parents died in 1483 from the plague, Erasmus was put into the care of guardians, who were adamant about him becoming a monk. While he gained a personal relationship with God, he rejected the harsh rules and strict methods of the religious teachers of the time.
In 1492, poverty forced Erasmus into monastery life and he was ordained a Catholic priest, but it seems that he never actively worked as a cleric. There is some evidence, during this time, of a relationship with a fellow male student, but scholars are not in agreement as to its extent. Erasmus's life changed dramatically when he became secretary for Henry de Bergen, bishop of Chambray, who was impressed with his skill in Latin. The bishop enabled Erasmus to travel to Paris, France, to study classical literature and Latin, and it was there that he was introduced to Renaissance humanism.
While in Paris, Erasmus became known as an excellent scholar and lecturer. One of his pupils, William Blunt, Lord Montjoy, established a pension for Erasmus, allowing him to adopt a life of an independent scholar moving from city to city tutoring, lecturing and corresponding with some of the most brilliant thinkers of Europe. In 1499, he traveled to England and met Thomas More and John Colet, both of whom would have a great influence on him. Over the next 10 years, Erasmus divided his time between France, the Netherlands and England, writing some of his best works.
In the early 1500s, Erasmus was persuaded to teach at Cambridge and lecture in theology. It was during this time that he wrote The Praise of Folly, a satirical examination of society in general and the various abuses of the Church. Another influential publication was his translation of the New Testament into Greek in 1516. This was a turning point in theology and the interpretation of scripture, and posed a serious challenge to theological thinking that had dominated universities since the 13th century. In these writings, Erasmus promoted the spread of Classical knowledge to encourage a better morality and greater understanding between people.
The Protestant Reformation erupted with the publication of Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses in 1517. For the next 10 years, Erasmus would be embroiled in an intellectual debate over human nature, free will and religion. Though Erasmus supported Protestant ideals, he was against the radicalism of some of its leaders, and, in 1523, he condemned Luther's methods in his work De libero arbitrio.
On July 12, 1536, during preparations for a move to the Netherlands, Erasmus fell ill and died from an attack of dysentery. Though he remained loyal to the Church of Rome, he did not receive last rites, and there is no evidence that he asked for a priest. This seems to reflect his view that what mattered most was a believer's direct relationship with God.
https://www.biography.com/scholar/erasmus
Vincent van Gogh is considered the greatest Dutch painter after Rembrandt, although he remained poor and virtually unknown throughout his life.
Antonio Vivaldi was a 17th and 18th century composer who's become one of the most renowned figures in European classical music.
Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher considered to be the main source of Western thought. He was condemned to death for his Socratic method of questioning.
(c. 470 BCE–399 BCE)
20th-century scholar Jean Piaget created highly influential theories on the stages of mental development among children, becoming a leading figure in the fields of cognitive theory and developmental psychology.
Thomas More is known for his 1516 book Utopia and for his untimely death in 1535, after refusing to acknowledge King Henry VIII as head of the Church of England. He was canonized by the Catholic Church as a saint in 1935.
Petrarch was a poet and scholar whose humanist philosophy set the stage for the Renaissance. He is also considered one of the fathers of the modern Italian language.
(1304–c. 1374)
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz was a 17th century nun, self-taught scholar and acclaimed writer of the Latin American colonial period and the Hispanic Baroque. She was also a staunch advocate for women's rights.
A New York governor who became the 26th U.S. president, Theodore Roosevelt is remembered for his foreign policy, corporate reforms and ecological preservation.
Known for his self-portraits and biblical scenes, Dutch artist Rembrandt is considered to be one of the greatest painters in European history.


text:
Arctosa is een geslacht van spinnen uit de familie wolfspinnen (Lycosidae).

De meeste soorten maken een hol in zand, mos of steengruis. De spinnen zijn redelijk groot en hebben een lengte van 10 tot 20 mm. Er zijn ongeveer 10 soorten in Europa te vinden.

Nederlandse soorten
Er komen verschillende soorten in Nederland en België voor, in Nederland zijn ze zeldzaam. Enkele bekendere soorten zijn:
 Grindwolfspin (Arctosa cinerea)
 Grote zandwolfspin (Arctosa figurata)
 Moswolfspin (Arctosa leopardus')
 Tricca (Arctosa lutetiana)
 Gewone zandwolfspin (Arctosa perita)

 Soorten
De volgende soorten zijn bij het geslacht ingedeeld:
 Arctosa albida (Simon, 1898)
 Arctosa albopellita (L. Koch, 1875)
 Arctosa algerina Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa aliusmodi (Karsch, 1880)
 Arctosa alluaudi Guy, 1966
 Arctosa alpigena (Doleschall, 1852)
 Arctosa alpigena lamperti Dahl, 1908
 Arctosa amylaceoides (Schenkel, 1936)
 Arctosa andina (Chamberlin, 1916)
 Arctosa astuta (Gerstäcker, 1873)
 Arctosa atriannulipes (Strand, 1906)
 Arctosa atroventrosa (Lenz, 1886)
 Arctosa aussereri (Keyserling, 1877)
 Arctosa bacchabunda (Karsch, 1884)
 Arctosa bakva (Roewer, 1960)
 Arctosa berlandi (Caporiacco, 1949)
 Arctosa bicoloripes (Roewer, 1960)
 Arctosa binalis Yu & Song, 1988
 Arctosa biseriata Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa bogotensis (Keyserling, 1877)
 Arctosa brauni (Strand, 1916)
 Arctosa brevialva (Franganillo, 1913)
 Arctosa brevispina (Lessert, 1915)
 Arctosa camerunensis Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa capensis Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa chungjooensis Paik, 1994
 Arctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777)
 Arctosa cinerea obscura (Franganillo, 1913)
 Arctosa coreana Paik, 1994
 Arctosa daisetsuzana (Saito, 1934)
 Arctosa darountaha Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa denticulata Jiménez & Dondale, 1984
 Arctosa depectinata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
 Arctosa depuncta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876)
 Arctosa deserta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
 Arctosa dissonans (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
 Arctosa ebicha Yaginuma, 1960
 Arctosa edeana Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa emertoni Gertsch, 1934
 Arctosa ephippiata Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa epiana (Berland, 1938)
 Arctosa erythraeana Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa excellens (Simon, 1876)
 Arctosa fessana Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa figurata (Simon, 1876)
 Arctosa frequentissima Caporiacco, 1947
 Arctosa fujiii Tanaka, 1985
 Arctosa fulvolineata (Lucas, 1846)
 Arctosa fusca (Keyserling, 1877)
 Arctosa gougu Chen & Song, 1999
 Arctosa hallasanensis Paik, 1994
 Arctosa harraria Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa hikosanensis Tanaka, 1985
 Arctosa himalayensis Tikader & Malhotra, 1980
 Arctosa hottentotta Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa humicola (Bertkau, 1880)
 Arctosa hunanensis Yin, Peng & Bao, 1997
 Arctosa inconspicua (Bryant, 1948)
 Arctosa indica Tikader & Malhotra, 1980
 Arctosa insignita (Thorell, 1872)
 Arctosa intricaria (C. L. Koch, 1847)
 Arctosa ipsa (Karsch, 1879)
 Arctosa janetscheki Buchar, 1976
 Arctosa kadjahkaia Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa kansuensis (Schenkel, 1936)
 Arctosa kassenjea (Strand, 1913)
 Arctosa kawabe Tanaka, 1985
 Arctosa kazibana Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa keniana (Roewer, 1960)
 Arctosa keumjeungsana Paik, 1994
 Arctosa khudiensis (Sinha, 1951)
 Arctosa kiangsiensis (Schenkel, 1963)
 Arctosa kirkiana (Strand, 1913)
 Arctosa kiwuana (Strand, 1913)
 Arctosa kolosvaryi (Caporiacco, 1947)
 Arctosa kwangreungensis Paik & Tanaka, 1986
 Arctosa labiata Tso & Chen, 2004
 Arctosa laccophila (Simon, 1910)
 Arctosa lacupemba (Roewer, 1960)
 Arctosa lacustris (Simon, 1876)
 Arctosa lagodechiensis Mcheidze, 1997
 Arctosa lama Dondale & Redner, 1983
 Arctosa laminata Yu & Song, 1988
 Arctosa lawrencei (Roewer, 1960)
 Arctosa leaeniformis (Simon, 1910)
 Arctosa leopardus (Sundevall, 1833)
 Arctosa lesserti Reimoser, 1934
 Arctosa letourneuxi (Simon, 1885)
 Arctosa lightfooti (Purcell, 1903)
 Arctosa litigiosa Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa littoralis (Hentz, 1844)
 Arctosa liujiapingensis Yin et al., 1997
 Arctosa lutetiana (Simon, 1876)
 Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822)
 Arctosa maderana Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa marfieldi Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa marocensis Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa meinerti (Thorell, 1875)
 Arctosa meitanensis Yin et al., 1993
 Arctosa minuta F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902
 Arctosa misella (L. Koch, 1882)
 Arctosa mittensa Yin et al., 1993
 Arctosa mossambica Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa mulani (Dyal, 1935)
 Arctosa nava Roewer, 1955
 Arctosa niccensis (Strand, 1907)
 Arctosa ningboensis Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996
 Arctosa nivosa (Purcell, 1903)
 Arctosa nonsignata Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa nyembeensis (Strand, 1916)
 Arctosa obscura Denis, 1953
 Arctosa oneili (Purcell, 1903)
 Arctosa otaviensis Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa pardosina (Simon, 1898)
 Arctosa pargongensis Paik, 1994
 Arctosa pelengea Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa perita (Latreille, 1799)
 Arctosa perita arenicola (Simon, 1937)
 Arctosa personata (L. Koch, 1872)
 Arctosa pichoni Schenkel, 1963
 Arctosa picturella (Strand, 1906)
 Arctosa poecila Caporiacco, 1939
 Arctosa politana Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa promontorii (Pocock, 1900)
 Arctosa pseudoleopardus Ponomarev, 2007
 Arctosa pugil (Bertkau, 1880)
 Arctosa pungcheunensis Paik, 1994
 Arctosa quadripunctata (Lucas, 1846)
 Arctosa raptor (Kulczyński, 1885)
 Arctosa ravida Ponomarev, 2007
 Arctosa recurva Yu & Song, 1988
 Arctosa renidescens Buchar & Thaler, 1995
 Arctosa ripaecola (Roewer, 1960)
 Arctosa rubicunda (Keyserling, 1877)
 Arctosa rufescens Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa sanctaerosae Gertsch & Wallace, 1935
 Arctosa sandeshkhaliensis Majumder, 2004
 Arctosa sapiranga Silva & Lise, 2009
 Arctosa schensiensis Schenkel, 1963
 Arctosa schweinfurthi (Strand, 1906)
 Arctosa scopulitibiis (Strand, 1906)
 Arctosa serii Roth & Brown, 1976
 Arctosa serrulata Mao & Song, 1985
 Arctosa similis Schenkel, 1938
 Arctosa simoni Guy, 1966
 Arctosa sjostedti Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa sordulenta (Thorell, 1899)
 Arctosa springiosa Yin et al., 1993
 Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell, 1875)
 Arctosa subamylacea (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
 Arctosa swatowensis (Strand, 1907)
 Arctosa tanakai Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
 Arctosa tappaensis Gajbe, 2004
 Arctosa tbilisiensis Mcheidze, 1946
 Arctosa tenuissima (Purcell, 1903)
 Arctosa testacea Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa togona Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa transvaalana Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa tridens (Simon, 1937)
 Arctosa tridentata Chen & Song, 1999
 Arctosa truncata Tso & Chen, 2004
 Arctosa upembana Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa vaginalis Yu & Song, 1988
 Arctosa variana C. L. Koch, 1847
 Arctosa villica (Lucas, 1846)
 Arctosa virgo (Chamberlin, 1925)
 Arctosa wittei Roewer, 1960
 Arctosa workmani (Strand, 1909)
 Arctosa xunyangensis Wang & Qiu, 1992
 Arctosa yasudai (Tanaka, 2000)
 Arctosa ziyunensis'' Yin, Peng & Bao, 1997

Wolfspinnen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With a wide variety of Supplement plans available, Medicare subscribers may have an overwhelming choice to make. Picking the right one isn't as simple as finding a plan that you can afford. You also have to make sure it offers coverage you need. It is vital that Medicare subscribers compare Medicare Supplement insurance in 2018 before thy make their decision.
That's because any of these plans could fit a specific set of people. They all have their merits, and they are all intended for certain circumstance. Plan F, for example, is ideal for people who need copious amounts of coverage and require constant visits to the hospital. But despite its high coverage, it is not the only plan that works for people with serious medical needs.
Many Medicare subscribers would actually benefit from switching to Plan G if they currently have Plan F. That's because Plan G offers pretty much the same coverage (minus a single deductible) and at an often greatly reduced cost. The coverage difference between the plans is mostly inconsequential, but the premiums for the two plans can be wildly different.
Many people who have Plan F are likely overpaying for it, and they would benefit from a lower-coverage and less expensive plan. That's exactly what Plan G is, and it is just one of the plans that Medicare subscribers should consider. With Plan G you must simply pay the annual Part B deductible yourself each year, which is around $183. Once that is met Plan G pays 100% of the gaps just like Plan F but for far less premiums per month! This can save you quite a bit of money, but be sure to check the rates for both to see how much the savings can be.
Before you make a final decision on a supplement plan, make sure that you have explored all your options. You may find that when you compare Medicare Supplement insurance in 2018 you find a plan that suits you better. You don't have to have all possible medical expenses covered to feel safe with your plan. So if you are currently subscribed to a supplement plan or if you are considering signing up for one, look at what is available to see make sure you get the best deal.


text:
Posted inContributors
Advocates for renaming UMaine's Little Hall ignore my father's accomplishments
by Contributed July 13, 2020 July 13, 2020
Little Hall at the University of Maine in Orono is seen in this June 29, 2020, photo. Credit: Linda Coan O'Kresik / BDN
With respect to efforts now underway at the University of Maine in Orono to change the name of Little Hall on the campus there, I write as an advocate for an accurate representation of the thought processes and accomplishments of my father, Dr. Clarence Little.
The accomplishments of his complete life have been ignored by advocates of renaming the building now bearing his name. Their criticism of Little is based on their perception of his positions with respect to eugenics in the 1920s and his work with tobacco companies in the 1950 and 1960s to determine if smoking caused lung cancer. They may be uninformed about how those two activities developed.
Little was trained in genetics at the time in history when genetics was emerging as a new science. Early geneticists were becoming aware of the need for purebred strains of organisms being studied in order to learn what genes and alleles were doing in those organisms, including humans.
Eugenics initially was embraced as a scientific aid to identify differences in races. Geneticists viewed all races as unique "stocks" of humans. This view was similar to their view of all species of organisms.
There is complete agreement today that eugenics was completely abused by politicians to satisfy their constituencies and scientists trying to identify human beings' intelligence, athleticism and social behavior, to the exclusion of moderate views and common sense. We can all agree that eugenics is very bad science to define human differences. Concepts of the differences among individual humans are now identified by genomic data. Prior to computers, genomics could not have existed; the genomic map was once considered unobtainable by human researchers.
When the theory that smoking caused lung cancer was expounded to the media and lay world, it immediately was challenged by researchers who wanted proof of the alleged cause and effect path from a cigarette to cancer. Little said at the time "no one knows what causes cancer." That is still true today.
The Council for Tobacco Research asked Little to be its scientific director. He accepted, with the proviso that research to find the truth about lung cancer and tobacco would not be dictated by the tobacco companies. The later discovery that tobacco companies knew for years that cigarettes were addictive is an ethical and possibly criminal matter. Smoking contributes, by statistical association, to many serious diseases, but no one has proved precisely what causes lung cancer, or any other cancers.
Little's attempt to lead the search for the truth of how lung cancer forms was not successful, but it was not evil or fraudulent, so far as he knew.
Little was UMaine's president in the early 1920s, and fought hard to increase the university's support from the Legislature. He then was president of the University of Michigan. He also worked closely with Margret Sanger in the founding of what is now Planned Parenthood. In 1929, he founded The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor. It started as a group of 11 people. It has grown into an organization of more than 1,000 people with branches in Connecticut and California.
Little realized that medicine and research needed genetically identical animals (mice) for accurate and verifiable research. The Jackson Lab developed purebred strains of mice, which are found in all laboratories doing cancer research. As director of the Jackson Laboratory, Little provided a place for the occasional cancer researcher who could find no financial support for "maverick" ideas.
His achievements very much outweigh his faults.
Richard Little of Amherst, New Hampshire, served in the U.S. Air Force before receiving a degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maine. He is a retired engineer.
Tagged: University of Maine


Albufeira, or the 'Gateway to the Algarve', is a popular destination for all types of visitors. It is one of the largest and busiest resorts in the Algarve with a terrific climate and beautiful sandy beaches. Taking holidays in Albufeira gives you the chance to experience the magic for yourself.
Fisherman's Beach retains its traditional fishing village characteristics with plenty of fishing boats moored day and night. An early morning or evening visit to Fisherman's Beach is a great time to see the local fishermen unloading their catch. Praia da Oura is also a large sandy beach, with plenty of water sports available, such as parasailing, pedal boats and windsurfing.
The Praia de Tunel (Tunnel Beach) is accessed from the Old Town through a tunnel that is bored through the cliffs. Falesia Beach runs from Albufeira to Vilamoura with miles of golden sands. Praia dos Olhos d' Águ contains many rock pools and hidden coves and offers plenty of adventures for the younger members of the family.
Albufeira caters for all tastes in music, with its nightclubs, jazz bars and even Irish pubs. Nearby Sao Joao contains 'the strip' with plenty of bars, pubs and restaurants nearby. The Old Town in contains an abundance of street cafes and restaurants and many shops off its town square, selling locally made leather goods and gifts. The Old Town also retains its traditional winding cobbled streets and picturesque, single storey homes, perfect for exploring on foot.
The buildings surrounding the marina are modern builds, painted in a variety of bright pastel shades and there are dolphin sculptures dotted along the marina walkway. The marina also offers boat trips and diving excursions, ideal for a day away from the beaches.
Albufeira is only forty minutes from Faro (FAO) Airport and holidays here offer the chance to relax on a number of beaches that look out onto the Atlantic Ocean. Use TravelSupermarket's search tool to find cheap holidays to Albufeira.
Summer in Albufeira is usually hot and dry, with temperatures of around 28C. A gentle sea breeze helps to control the Albufeira weather. The area also has mild winters (temperatures around 14C) and very little rainfall. During spring and autumn you will often find long sunny days with decent temperatures.
The Jazz Festival is an annual event in September in Albufeira and there are a number of popular food festivals held over the summer.
There are many other festivals celebrating saints' days and religious festivals, such as Carnival in the lead up to Easter, as well as public holidays, including Portugal Day on June 10.
Throughout July and August, there are also sports events held on the beaches in Albufeira.
Families: For those who want to visit one of the popular waterparks, such as Aqualand, it is easy to arrange transportation from the main hotels. Zoomarine is zoo, waterpark and funfair all rolled into one, with rides and entertainment throughout the holiday season.
Sporty types: For visitors who enjoy golf, the Algarve contains many golf courses, with a number of these located in the Albufeira area.
Relaxing: Head to Monchique. These hills inland from the coast have a number of small white-washed villages which are a delight to visit and Caldas de Monchique is a spa town set in the wooded hills high above the coast.
Active types: Further to the west you can visit the dramatic cliffs at Cabo de Sao Vicente which plunge 75 metres down into the Atlantic and offer superb views. Walk the windy beaches and spot birdlife.


Adaptation Futures 2018 takes place from 18-21 June 2018 in Cape Town, South Africa.
It marks the first time this international climate change adaptation conference is being held on the African continent. The conference will gather more than 1,000 researchers, climate specialists, public and private sector leaders from across the globe to connect countries, exchange experiences and inspire further climate action.
As a partner, the Adaptation Fund will showcase projects and lessons learned throughout the conference during sessions and through a display at the Adaptation Expo.


It has been a beautiful first week so far at Towering Pines Camp for boys! Sunny blue skies have been broken up by the occasional TP dew and picturesque towering clouds. Here in Wisconsin, you can only see those big puffy towers in the summer, and it's one thing about this time of year that I love. Each season has its own unique beauty, but it is easy to miss those little details. Things move so quickly that one really needs to be deliberate about slowing down and enjoying everything that camp has to offer. I try to do that with my camera, from time to time, so that I can share some of it with you!
You may have noticed that we keep careful visual records of the action here at camp. You can view every shot over at our smugmug page or you can follow our facebook page for the casual glimpse of camp life, so I try to use my time on the digital soapbox to bring you some unique photos that maybe offer a different perspective. I like to think that is important.
Camp can be the greatest place in the world, but it can also be tough. It's all a matter of your perspective. It's something I tell the guys when they start feeling down: camp is the original social medium. We live together, we work together, we eat together, and we play together. This arrangement provides many chances to learn and grow (and no shortage of inside jokes), but the downside of such concentrated living is that it is also easier to lose sight of the big picture.
Camp is not the whole world, but it can feel like little things are bigger than they should be. So my cure for those moments of conflict or homesickness or being just plain tired is to slow down. Maybe I'll find a photogenic dragonfly or spring peeper and look at the world through my macro lens. Or maybe I'll lie down in the crash boat while the regatta timer winds down just to get a better view of the marbled cerulean sky. Like Grandpa Jordan used to say: don't do something, just sit there; doing nothing can be something.
Michael P. got a new perspective on one of our new boats!
Whatever I do, I try to remember that life is made up of a lot of little moments. Difficult moments can seem like they mean everything, but unless you take the time to put them into perspective, they don't mean much of anything. Things don't always go smoothly, but they are just part of the bigger picture and story that is camp life. Part of our job as counselors is to help guys put things into perspective. Children don't do this as easily as adults do (not that it is easy for adults either!), they may need to borrow some patience and experience from their elders to make the most of every moment and to make it a good story. That's what we are here for.
So, if you are feeling like you need a change of perspective, stop on by. I'll keep offering interesting or different views to help you fill out that bigger picture.


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You are here: Home / Latest News / Aik Htun: Driver turned Tycoon
Aik Htun: Driver turned Tycoon
December 21, 2018 by Thiha
For the owner of a business of any size, integrity is key. This is the principle that has brought U Aik Htun, one of the richest businessmen in Myanmar, through ups and downs.
"The biggest secret of success is honesty and integrity," said U Aik Htun, chair of conglomerate Shwe Taung Group, speaking in fluent Mandarin. His father came from Southwest China's Yunnan province.
"I was not born in a very rich family, and I had to quit school after Grade 7," said U Aik Htun. He was born in a small village in Myanmar's Shan State, which borders China to the north and is home to several ethnic groups including the Shan people, a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia.
Hoping to change his life, he left the village and went to Yangon by himself for a job. For three years, he served as a driver for a Myanmar businessman who was doing wholesale business in tea leaves. Using what he learned there, he later started his own business, developing it little by little.
"At that time (in the 1970s), only small businesses were allowed to operate," said U Aik Htun. Starting with a roadside stand selling agricultural products, he later opened a retail shop to sell biscuits and gradually moved into the wholesale business.
In March 1989, Myanmar introduced the State-owned Economic Enterprises Law, which essentially opened the door for the expansion of the private sector. In the 1990s, as the adoption of an open-door policy gradually enhanced Myanmar's links with the global market, U Aik Htun Htun decided to make a foray into international trade. Shwe Taung Group was established around that time.
"As we grew, we noticed the huge potential in Myanmar's real estate sector," he said. "Back in 1990, nobody was doing real estate business in Yangon. There were only some old buildings scattered across the city and a lot of areas had been left undeveloped.
"The government would give a piece of land (to developers) for free, as long as you had the capability (to develop it well)," he said. At that time, many people were still living in cluttered buildings with no lavatories. After receiving some land from the government, Shwe Taung Group built over 20 housing estates in Yangon, hoping to improve living standards for the people.
"When we visit those estates sometimes, we feel very happy to see how people there can now have a better life," said U Aik Htun, adding that those projects have given him some of his greatest fulfillment.
Another project especially meaningful to U Aik Htun is the Yeywa Hydropower Station. Located on the Myitnge River in the Mandalay region of central Myanmar, the project is the country's first roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dam, with installed capacity of 790 megawatts. It was a China-backed project and Shwe Taung Group was the dam's sole supplier of RCC.
"Before 2010 (when the hydropower station started operation), people in Myanmar, including those in Yangon, could only use electricity for about one hour per day," U Aik Htun recalls. "The project improved the level of electricity supply by some 80 to 90 percent and the cities were completely lit up.
"Through this project, we feel that we can make small contributions to the Myanmar people," he said, adding that many companies were not paying heed to the hydropower project because it required working in remote areas and profits could not be guaranteed.
U Aik Htun has bought back the car he drove for the wholesale merchant in Yangon and still keeps it in his house. He said the car reminds him of the tough days and how he started everything from scratch. Today, Shwe Taung Group has a diverse business portfolio with a focus on core sectors including building materials, distribution, engineering and construction, infrastructure investment, lifestyle, and real estate.
Among its many landmark projects across the country are the Baluchaung No 3 Hydropower Plant, Hledan Junction flyover in Yangon, Myanmar's first modern shopping center Junction 8 and the 23-story Junction City Tower.
But U Aik Htun said the company's biggest achievement has been in fostering and training local talent. For example, he said that on the Hledan Junction flyover project, though international experts were invited for technical support, the main construction was done by local engineers, demonstrating the capability of Myanmar's engineering professionals.
The Junction City integrated project, which comprises a five-star hotel and a shopping mall as well as residences and offices in the future, is completely constructed and now managed by local staff, according to U Aik Htun. "I feel very proud that we can pioneer in showing the world how a Myanmar company can also deliver projects that meet world-class standard," he said.
Overseeing the company's more than 7,000 employees, U Aik Htun said he is careful when expanding into new areas or taking on new projects.
"When I started out doing business, I was not quite clear about what to take into account when looking at entering a new sector," he said. "But once we had grown to a certain level, we began to think (first) about whether a project is beneficial to the country and its people, and then whether the project has the potential for future development."
Though he did not continue his studies, U Aik Htun said he likes to learn from others, whether companies or countries, through travel.
"For example, when I first visited Europe, I saw that many buildings were very old and timeworn. But when I walked into the hotels, (I was impressed by) the quality of many facilities and how well they were managed." Noting the importance of systematic management rules to safeguard high-quality projects, he soon passed this idea on to his entire company. And for U Aik Htun, the idea of staying true to one's integrity has never changed.
"Trust cannot be built in one day — and I have held to this since I was just a driver. This is why, although there were many difficulties along the road, whenever we want to restart the journey, people will believe in you and support you," he said, adding that persistent integrity has not only helped him build the Shwe Taung business empire in Myanmar, it also allows him to form international partnerships. The energy sector will continue to be a core area for the company, said U Aik Htun. Besides hydropower, he said Shwe Taung will gradually look into wind and solar power to satisfy the country's electricity demand in a sustainable way.
In addition, he said the company will work to improve Myanmar's infrastructure through further road, highway, rail and bridge projects.
Myanmar is actively involved in the China-led Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and was among the original 21 countries that signed the deal in October 2014 to set up the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. U Aik Htun said the BRI will not only accelerate the development of Myanmar but also provide opportunities for the private sector, as there will be many infrastructure projects planned for the future.
Besides investment from China, U Aik Htun, who is also the founder and chair of the International Business Promotion Centre, said investment from all countries is welcomed in Myanmar as long as it can bring benefit to the local community.
"More and more entrepreneurs are coming to Myanmar, especially those from China," he said. "They can not only help with economic development, but also train their local recruits with new techniques and innovative ideas."
In November, Shwe Taung Group acted as the main sponsor of a 10-day Belt and Road art and cultural exchange journey of eight Chinese artists to Myanmar, organised by China Daily. The artists traveled around four major cities — Yangon, Mandalay, Bagan and Inle Lake — and a total of 32 finished works showing their impressions of Myanmar were exhibited on Nov 21 and 22 at Junction City.
"Through the paint brush of Chinese artists, I hope the scenic views of Myanmar and its culture can be introduced to the world," said U Aik Htun. "The more people know about Myanmar, the more people will come for travel and business."
SOURCE: MYANMAR TIMES
Filed Under: Latest News Tagged With: agricultural products, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, Belt and Road Initiative, BRI, Building Materials, China, dam, electricity, Energy Sector, Europe, Hledan Junction flyover, Hledan Junction flyover project, Inle Lake, integrity, International Business Promotion Centre, Junction 8, Junction City, Junction City Tower, Mandarin, Myitnge River, RCC, Real estate sector, retail shop, rich family, richest businessmen, Shan State, Shwe Taung business, Shwe Taung Group, solar power, Southeast Asia, State Owned Economic Enterprises Law, Tai ethnic, U Aik Htun, wholesale, Yangon, Yeywa Hydropower Station, Yunnan Province


Rick Green, partner with David Barton's Wallbuilders recently came through Honolulu and spoke at a few churches.
They are a very entertaining and dynamic duo. Both of their names are on the Wallbuilders websites and podcasts so what one does, the other is a partner or an accomplice to. Typically Barton does the heavy teaching and book writing while Rick Green defends David Barton from critics. This is why I like to refer to Green as the consigliere. It is tongue in cheek and I mean no offense by it. I am not saying Barton and Green are in in the mafia. It is the way I prefer to describe their relationship.
I have been a subscriber to their podcast for a while. I have friends who really like them although I can't say I am a real fan. They just lose me with their associations and arguments that just make me very uncomfortable. I will explain why.
In a nutshell David Barton is a Christian Dominionist. There is no need for me to do a complete study on them or what they teach. Hal Lindsey has been a highly respected teacher since the 1970 book "The Late Great Planet Earth". Hal Lindsey is one of the last of a generation of heavy duty bible teachers which includes Walter Martin and other SOLID and MORE NOBLE teachers in accordance with the book of Acts 17:11.
Hal broke it all down in the 1989 book called The Road to Holocaust. Hal has not changed his tune much since then. A recent video is up on hallindsey.com where he breaks down Christian Dominionism again for us.
Dominionism, also known as "Kingdom Now" or "New Apostolic Reformation" (NAR) is theologically all over the map but what they all seem to agree on is this. They all want to implement a conservative "Christian" government that will rule over the rest of society at any cost and are willing to get in bed with anyone else who agrees with their new and improved, baseball, hotdog, easy to swallow frappuccino version of history, religion and politics.
Hal Lindsey and I agree, Dominionism is NOT what the Bible teaches. According to Hal Lindseys book, Dominionism eventually leads to anti-semitism which will eventually bring you face to face with heresy. It is in fact just as Hal Lindsey warned, "The Road to Holocaust".
Before I switch gears, the NAR or Kingdom Now pied piper of our day is Lance Wallinau with his "7 mountains mandate". Barton and Green seem to do a real good job keeping their noses clean from any direct relationships with the heretics HOWEVER.
Right Wing Watch has an audio clip of David Barton and his consigliere Rick Green AGREEING and ADVOCATING with the 7 mountains heresy taught by Lance Wallnau. The link to the audio can be found in this article here, David Barton Advocates Seven Mountains Dominionism. It appears Right Wing Watch has the evidence. If the evidence is wrong, Barton or Green are free to send me their answer directly. I would be more than happy to post their rebuttal to this otherwise clear audio.
I cant make it any easier to understand. Most of our churches teach the "End Times" will involve an anti-Christ, tribulations, a rapture, and a second coming of Jesus Christ.
Wallnau, and the Kingdom Now camp, not only reject traditional pre-milennialism, (not a heresy itself I know that) they go much further and teach that Christians need to take dominion over their areas of influence while "shaking what is happening on earth and take dominion". They eventually go out and attack others who teach otherwise. Lance Wallinau attacks Hal Lindsey in this example. This is not what my church has taught me so it's a bit of a surprise when I see fellow christians, pastors and many others eating this stuff up. The bible I have read and the pastors I have known have taught me to 1) study the Word of God, 2) preach the Gospel, 3) fellowship and 4) pray daily. Not any of the rest of this nonsense.
To add insult to injury now I have been personally attacked for daring to bring this up with a trusted friend. I have been accused of "slander" and not doing MY RESEARCH and have even been threatened that I am speaking out against anointed "men of God"? Are you kidding me? What is this? The Church of Scientology?
I don't mind if we have friendships with people that believe differently than us. Please go right ahead and continue to have weird friends. I do it! Some of my best friends are into many beliefs other than traditional Christianity. I love these friends of mine, but I will not let them teach me or my children their false doctrines.
These guys lose me almost right away with their silly beliefs about our founding fathers but it gets much worse. David Barton oversees Keep the Promise PAC which is supporting Sen. Ted Cruz's presidential bid into the many multiple tens of millions of dollars. Through his PAC, David Barton sponsors HUGE rallys for Ted Cruz where he appears with the devout Mormon and former Fox News blow hard Glen Beck. As a matter of fact, just a few days ago, Glen Beck announced that Ted Cruz is Fulfillment of White Horse Mormon Prophecy'. Before I continue, allow that to sink in for just a minute.
I really want to keep this short so ill just quickly point out one last video, that according to the title, "David Barton wants to disciple you"… along with his friend, the high prince of false and apostate teachers, the blasphemous health and wealth pope of prosperity Kenneth Copeland.
How many Kenneth Copeland videos do I have to watch to know this is wrong? I'll give you the answer the number is ZERO. Go ahead and accuse me of a guilt by association fallacy or throwing the baby out with the bathwater but I don't care. This stuff will not fly in the persecuted church or the underground church. It is for gullible Americans, nothing more.
This proves at a minimum a severe lack of discernment from David Barton. Maybe someone else can find the stomach to dig through the trash and find a gem or two or a smoking gun in these Kenneth Copeland videos but I am going to move along.
These guys are at a minimum just a "little bit off" and I don't want them or others like them (General Jerry Boykin etc cough cough) teaching me, my pastor, my wife, my friends or my kids.
September 11th 2001 became forever remembered as "911″. The London Subway attacks will always be remembered as "7/7″. Well it is still too early to know for sure but I have to wonder if the Brussels attacks will be remembered as "322″.
(3/23 AM Update) No other mainstream news sources seems to have caught the 322 oddity. I guess I am fringe. Charisma Magazine has asked some interesting questions.
I am not one of the pre-loaded "false flag" crowd. I don't jump to conclusions like that but the date and timing of this event does not appear to be random. As I have said many times, I am an evidence guy. Show me your evidence first. Terrorists are perfectly capable of blowing up all sorts of places including airports and subway stations, and they like using dates and times as their signatures. I am not sure when ISIS Jihadists adopted 322 as their signature but apparently it is the date they chose to attack the EU Headquarters.
Here are a few other observations I made today.
Me at the EU Building just a few blocks from Maelbeek subway station in 2011, click for full size!
I have walked down the Rue in Brussels, Belgium where the Maelbeek Subway station is that was bombed today. I knew exactly where it was. Just outside of the Maelbeek train station is the EU building. The geography is significant. This would be tantamount to bombing a subway station in Washington DC one block away from the White House or Congress.
Next, Hal Lindsey and Dave Hunt have always taught that bible prophecy would be centered around a "Revived Roman Empire" European anti christ person that would arise from inside these very buildings. I went "street view" on Google Earth and showed my wife the statue in front of the Berlaymont building, (EU Headquarters) just to the East of the Maelbeek Train station that was bombed.
1 Woman riding the beast statue, Check!
Now this is where it gets weird. ISIS theologians teach that their Mahdi will come when "the armies of Rome" attack them in Dabiq, Syria. Are ISIS jihadists attempting to rope or snare the armies of Rome into a war? Many before me have already proposed they must do exactly this or their theology crumbles.
Is what we are witnessing a bit of a competition here? The Muslims that want to be the antichrist have attacked the Romans that want to be the antichrist? Sounds like a warm up to Daniel Chapter 12 if you ask me.
Who will be the real rider on the white horse? I'll tell you one thing it is not going to be Ted Cruz I don't care what Glen Beck scribbles on his chalkboard!
How does it all tie together? I don't think any of it really does except possibly in the grander picture of good versus evil. The fact of the matter and what the evidence is showing today is simply the furthest thing from what the dominionists believe! I'll throw my hat in with Hal Lindsey on this one.
To wrap it up, and I know I have been all over the place tonight. Do you want to avoid dominionists and emergent church doctrines from creeping into our churches? Would you like to be safe from falling for bogus teachers and bringing dirty politics into our sacred sanctuaries?
I would like to suggest this. How about we do what the church did in the book of Acts. 1) continue steadfastly in the apostles doctrine 2) fellowship with other believers 3) breaking of bread 4) Prayer and if I may I add #5) sharing our faith.
Pastors if you say "I just teach the Word of God" then mean it. We don't want to be entertained by our churches. We want to be fed and taught and have a place of sanctuary.
Pastor Chuck Smith nailed it in one of his final warnings to the CCOF (private pastors only email list) and this document has been circulated somewhat publicly since.
2 Peter 2 says But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction.
When I read 2 Peter it says they SHALL BE and SHALL BRING not might be or might bring or possibly bring, or bring somewhere else to the church down the road, but not bring to us. It says SHALL BRING. Does everyone see the seriousness of this warning?
Be careful teachers. Be careful Christians. This is not a game. The time is short.
We just need Jesus. We don't need distractions and entertainment. Our world is lost. Politics is NOT the answer to our problems. Jesus is. We should be showing our friends and family the way, not trying to get them to think our church "is cool" or relevant. Jesus is all we need.
Try sharing Ken Copeland or David Bartons books and videos with anyone in the persecuted or underground church. They will just give you blank stares. An excellent video has come out from behind the islamic curtain and the underground persecuted church. I recommend watching this one to everyone. Grab a beverage of your choice and prepare yourself for a little perspective.
This entry was posted in Celebrity Evangelism, Christianity, Emerging Church, Global News and tagged Heresy, Kenneth Copeland, Wallbuilders on March 23, 2016 by mikeuslan.


If you want to see everything Wuppertal has to offer, there is no better way to do so from behind the wheel of a rental car from Budget. Stop wasting your vacation waiting on the bus, or wasting money here and there with ride-shares or taxis. Having your own ride enables you to go to the spots you want to see the most, when you want. Make your upcoming vacation to Germany even better with a Budget rental car.
With all there is to do and see in and around , you'll want to take in more than the block your hotel is on during your visit. Whether you have to have dinner at the cafe that has received rave reviews across town or check out some of the best local favorites, you'll need your own vehicle to see and do as much as possible while on your vacation. Whatever you have planned in , if you wish to get the most from your trip, having access to your automobile is a must.
We work with several of the best dealers in the industry. With a name like Budget, you know this company will try to get you the lowest price. Founded in Los Angeles, California around 1958, Budget always strives to provide the best prices for its customers.
How do I get the best prices on a Wuppertal Budget car rental?
We strive to get you the lowest price, no matter when you reserve your car. However, getting ahead of your trip can help keep spending low. Be sure to go over the mileage policy and keeping it to one driver will reduce your expense.
Do I need to bring anything special when I get my car in Wuppertal?
What's the minimum age to rent a car in Wuppertal?
Budget's minimum age to rent a car in Wuppertal is 21. Some rentals, especially higher category vehicles, may have an additional fee if you are under 25. Make sure to review Budget's policies to know what the total cost is before you book.
Is there a particular vehicle I should get for my trip to Wuppertal?
That depends on your needs and what activities you want to do in Wuppertal. Compact or economy automobiles are great for short commutes and are easier to park. If you are traveling with family or friends, then a SUV or mid-size vehicle will have enough room for all of you and provide a more comfortable ride. Those looking for a little luxury on their trip can choose the premium category for a car like a Mercedes C-Class or Audi A4 or similar.
In Germany you do need to have insurance before you rent from Budget. Many major credit card issuers (Discover, American Express, Visa and MasterCard) typically provide some coverage. However, many of them have restrictions, such as not covering larger vehicles, like trucks or SUVs. It is best to find out by calling your credit card company to find out what kind of coverage is offered before you head to . Otherwise, as a United States citizen, you can also purchase Collision Damage Coverage with CarRentals.com at checkout.
Budget requires a deposit when you book your rental car. Budget will block the deposit on your credit once you reserve your car for your trip to Wuppertal. Please be aware that the deposit may vary greatly depending on the make and model of the vehicle.
At CarRentals.com, we encourage a full tank policy. You pick up your Budget rental with full tank, and you should bring it back it filled up. If you want to save some money, it is best to find a gas station before you bring the car back to Budget. Stations close to airports or car rental places tend to have higher prices.
Do I need unlimited miles when I rent a car in Wuppertal?
Wuppertal certainly has its charms, but you may want to take to the road after you've checked off all the activities here.
Does Wuppertal Budget offer one-way car rentals?
Budget offers one-way rentals in most cases. You may find it more convenient to drop off your rental at a different Budget. However, there is typically an additional fee when you opt for one-way.
With so much to do and see in Wuppertal, having access to a car lets you explore at your own pace. When you're ready to see more of Germany, you can drive wherever you want to, without trying to hail a taxicab or sign up for a ride-share.
Before your next business or leisure venture, book your Budget Wuppertal car rental and zip off to take in all the items on your itinerary at your leisure. Book with CarRentals.com and hit the streets in Wuppertal, Germany.


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Chairman Wilson called the January 3, 2019 Regular Meeting of the Stormwater Authority to order at 8:02 pm. He announced that Proof of Publication was available for review. Mrs. Echterling completed a Roll Call. Mr. Bucher was absent with excuse.
Mr. Johnson moved to approve the minutes from the December 6, 2018 meeting of the Stormwater Authority. Mr. Schin seconded the motion. Motion carried 4-0.
Mrs. Megan Klenzing and her husband, 1509 Carlisle Road, are here tonight to support stormwater and the efforts to keep our water safe.
Solicitor Miner had nothing to report for the meeting tonight.
Mrs. Davis stated the Board tabled action on the Stormwater Credit Policy and Appeals Process Manual last month. She received comments from Chairman Wilson, Mrs. Shuler, and Mr. Johnson. Mr. Johnson said he has a few minor comments and some questions. Mr. Schin asked if they could see an updated draft with all the changes.
Chairman Wilson asked if the policy had been approved by the Board of Commissioners and Solicitor Miner and Mr. Flint replied no. Chairman Wilson feels strongly that this Board should manage the credits and appeals. Mrs. Davis spoke about reports to this Board of appeals. Mrs. Davis discussed the appeal process and the possible conflict of interest. Solicitor Miner agreed it needs to be another Board versus this Board. He hopes it will be a regional Board that reviews the appeals in the future. Chairman Wilson feels they are being taken out of the process. Mr. Flint stated this Board sets the policy and the Board of Commissioners hears the appeals. Chairman Wilson spoke about how the Sewer Authority handles appeals. He mentioned Solicitor Miner represents the Board of Commissioners and this Board which could be a conflict of interest. Solicitor Miner stated if that is an issue, he can recuse himself if needed.
Mrs. Davis stated she could incorporate all the changes into a draft for the February meeting so it can be approved. She spoke about the time restraints with this policy with credits. She stated this needs to be approved in February as the bills go out in April.
Mr. Johnson asked about how the credits are calculated and Mrs. Davis answered his questions. He discussed some of his proposed questions and changes in the Manual.
Page 5- he believes the word DEP should be added to the title Pennsylvania Best Practices Stormwater Manual.
Page 7- he and Mrs. Shuler asked that the sentence under Design Standards to eliminate the names of professionals and leave it up to Staff to determine if the appropriate professional reviewed it and Mrs. Davis agreed.
Page 9- he asked about the six months suspension and Mrs. Davis agreed it should be the same as the billing cycle. He asked for the removal of the sentence "and identify any required BMP maintenance or repairs to allow it to remain in good operating conditions" in the first paragraph.
Page 10-he thought the title Volume Control Credit should be removed as there is only one credit and Mrs. Davis agreed.
He stated the rest were minor in nature and provided them to Mrs. Davis.
Mr. Schin asked how our policy compares with surrounding municipalities. Mrs. Davis stated some don't have a policy or they calculate credits and appeals differently. Mrs. Davis will send out a copy of the draft with the red line changes as discussed tonight before the next meeting.
There was no additional business discussed.
Mr. Wilson adjourned the Stormwater Authority meeting at 8:25 pm.


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