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text:
Q: += no me funciona adentro de un Loop for of Estoy haciendo un ejercicio de Javascript de un ATM y me funciona bien, pero pensé en mejorarlo validando la cantidad de dinero solicitada contra la cantidad de dinero disponible en el ATM, para que hice una ciclo "for of"  para obtemer la suma disponible así:
var caja =
[
  new Billete(50, 3),
  new Billete(20, 8),
  new Billete(10, 6),
  new Billete(5, 13),
];

var totalATM;

for( var bill of caja )
{
  totalATM += bill.valor * bill.cant;
}

consele(totalATM); //NaN

No entiendo porque no me hace la sumatoria y la mete en totalATM.
Gracias.

A: El operador += suma un valor al contenido actual.
Sin embargo, tu haces
var totalATM;

Es decir, no inicializas la variable, por lo que su contenido NO ES UN NÚMERO, y no le puedes sumar nada.
Inicializa la variable con 0:
var totalATM = 0;

A: El problema es simplemente que no inicializas la variable totalATM, no puedes realizar la sumatoria a la variable no inicializada, por esa razón obtienes NAN (Not-A-Number (No es un número)).

como ejemplo, si inicializas totalATM:

var totalATM = 0;
var billvalor = 2
var billcant = 3

for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
   totalATM += billvalor * billcant;
 }

console.log(totalATM);

Si no inicializas totalATM, obtienes NAN

var totalATM;
var billvalor = 2
var billcant = 3

for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
   totalATM += billvalor * billcant;
 }

console.log(totalATM); //NaN

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A strong 6.8 magnitude earthquake rattled eastern Indonesia yesterday triggering a tsunami warning, soon retracted, sending panicked residents fleeing to higher ground. The quake struck off the east coast of Sulawesi island near where a 7.5 magnitude earthquake and tsunami around the city of Palu killed more than 4,300 people in September last year. Indonesia's disaster agency issued a tsunami warning for coastal communities in the island's Morowali district, east Sulawesi, where residents were advised to move to elevated grounds. The warning was later lifted.
Here is the latest we know about the Friday afternoon attacks in Christchurch, New Zealand on two mosques.
by Kornkamon Aksorndech Businesses and homes in Bangkok's Lat Krabang area, east of the city centre, have been without electricity this morning after a 10-wheel truck got tangled in power lines on Ramkhamhaeng Soi 129 shortly after 9am. The Metropolitan Electricity Authority officials had the downed lines reconnected within three or four hours and replaced a utility pole that was knocked over without disrupting traffic. Police have questioned witnesses and the truck driver, whose name has not been released at this stage. The driver will be held responsible for the property damage.
Pattaya's tourism office says that changing the seaside resort's seedy image won't happen overnight.
PHOTO: Thai PBS At least one group of Bangkokians were happy today.
Thailand is a hub of creativity; a country filled with artisanal culinary gems and art galleries that boasts creativity and innovation allowing cultural tradition to sit comfortably alongside the embrace of new ideas. Thailand never tires, and Bangkok remains popular, with Airbnb seeing an influx of guests during festivals and events such as Bangkok Design Week, which returns for its second year from January 26 – February 3. The creative economy is thriving worldwide and in Thailand Airbnb have seen a clear synergy between the creative and sharing economies with recent Airbnb data showing there are 2,000 passionate Airbnb Hosts in Thailand who work in the creative industry.


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Kick off 19:45 (UK)
06 February 2018 Venue Huish Park Attendance
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English Football League Trophy
Preview: Yeovil Town v Fleetwood Town
ftfc
After two recent long away trips to Southend and Gillingham, Uwe Rosler's men hit the road again this Tuesday as they travel to Yeovil Town in the quarter-final of the Checkatrade Trophy.
Wins over Morecambe, Leicester City U21, Carlisle, Chesterfield and Bury have seen Town get to this stage. Yeovil beat Chelsea U21, Exeter, Plymouth, AFC Wimbledon and Forest Green for their spot in the last 8.
The winner will face Shrewsbury away in the semi-final, with a Wembley showpiece against either Chelsea U21 or Lincoln City for the winner.
Barry Nicholson said…
"We are expecting a tough game, we watched them against Manchester United in the FA Cup and they obviously put on a great show and showed some good signs in the game.
"We've watched them closely, just like we would any other team and it's a big game for us coming in on the back of a defeat at the weekend.
"It's good for us to fix this quickly and, also we know we are a couple of games from Wembley so it's a great opportunity for the club to progress in the next round."
Darren Way said…
"It's a great opportunity to get to Wembley and I'll never turn that down as a manager.
"As a supporter, I don't think you'd turn down the chance to have a day out at Wembley and it's important for me and my players.
"I'm going to do everything I can to make sure it's a success on Tuesday night."
Yeovil have won their last two League Two games, but lost two in a row before that, including a 4-0 FA Cup defeat to Man United.
Fleetwood have lost four in row, but are yet to lose in the Checkatrade Trophy this season, winning every game outright.
Yeovil last five: DLLWW
Fleetwood last five: WLLLL
Last Time We Met
Last time the two sides met was at Highbury in April 2015, when the Cod Army came out resounding 4-0 winners. Goals from Jamie Proctor and Ashley Hunter as well as a David Ball double sealed the emphatic win.
In the other three games between the two, Fleetwood have won two and the other was a draw.
Ivorian striker Francois Zoko has scored nine times for the Glovers this season. The former Blackpool player joined Yeovil from our neighbours after a short loan spell at Bradford City. He's also played in the Football League for Carlisle, Notts County, and Stevenage, and has had spells in France, Turkey and Belgium. Whilst not scoring in the Checkatrade Trophy proper this season, he did scoring the winning penalty against Chelsea U21 in a shoot out after a 1-1 draw.
Fancy a Flutter?
Here are the latest odds with our EFL partner Sky Bet.
Uwe Rosler's side are favourites at 6/4 to win the match in 90 minutes; where a draw between the two sides is priced at 12/5.
Darren Way's Glovers are priced at 7/4 to progress to the semi-final and play Shrewsbury Town.
The last time the two sides met was in April 2015, which saw Town win 4-0 on the day, and a repeat of that scoreline is 66/1.
Ashley Hunter scored the fourth goal in the last meeting, and for the 22-year-old to open the scoring on Tuesday; you can get odds of 11/2.
Nicholson: The squad is fully focused on Yeovil
Barry Nicholson says Fleetwood Town are fully focused ahead of Tuesday night's Checkatrade Trophy quarter final match with Yeovil Town.
Nicholson on the squad, Yeovil Town and the possibility of Wembley
Barry Nicholson has given his views ahead of Tuesday's Checkatrade Trophy quarter-final match against Yeovil Town.
Watch: Barry Nicholson ahead of Checkatrade Trophy quarter-final
First team coach Barry Nicholson spoke to the club's media team ahead of Town's trip to Huish Park to face Yeovil Town in the Checkatrade Trophy quarter-final on Tuesday.
Head-to-head: Yeovil Town v Fleetwood Town
Uwe Rosler's Fleetwood Town travel the 530-mile round trip to Yeovil on Tuesday in the Checkatrade Trophy Quarter Final.
Report: Late heartbreak for Town as we exit the Checkatrade Trophy
@ftfc
Fleetwood were left stunned in second half stoppage time as Francois Zoko sent Yeovil Town in the semi-final of the Checkatrade Trophy with a 3-2 win at Huish Park.
In a frantic second half, Zoko won it after Jordy Hiwula had equalised. The first half saw Cian Bolger open the scoring, before Wes Burns scored an own goal to see the scores level at half time before Corey Whelan made it 2-1 deep into the second half.
Hiwula levelled things late on, but it was to be The Glovers who progressed to the last four of the Checkatrade Trophy.
In his 100th game in charge of the Cod Army, Rosler made seven changes from the game against Scunthorpe with the notable inclusion of Bobby Grant, who started his first game since the game with Bury in the previous round.
Fleetwood started brightly in snowy conditions in Somerset and could have been ahead inside four minutes. Bolger headed Kevin O'Connor's free kick into the path of Hiwula, who volleyed over Artur Krysiak's goal.
Markus Schwabl then hit a bouncing volley from the edge of the area, which took a deflection and forced Krysiak into an acrobatic save. It was from that corner that Town took a deserved lead, as Bolger rose highest to head O'Connor's ball in.
Conor McAleny then rolled an effort wide Town dominated the early proceedings.
Yeovil's first chance came when Jake Gray fired a shot into the area, which took a deflection and went behind. It was the home side that equalised themselves from the corner, as Gray's ball found the head of the unfortunate Burns, who turned into his own net.
The Glovers then grew into the game with a period of strong pressure, but Town's defence remained resilient against their pacey attack.
Corners seemed to be Fleetwood's favoured form of having chances, and it was Bolger again who rose highest, but this time the Irishman's effort was blocked by a home player and cleared away.
The first action of the second half saw Grant curl an effort wide of the mark after picking up the ball on the edge of the box.
Alex Cairns was then forced into a diving save as Gray thundered a free kick in his direction from distance.
The hosts then took the lead after a fine curling effort from Whelan found its way past Cairns when it came to him just inside the area, to make it 2-1.
There were encouraging signs from Rosler's men as they battled for an equaliser with the game closing in on the final twenty minutes.
Harrison Biggins was introduced to the fray and the youngster looked calm and composed in the centre of the park with an impressive performance. Rosler then made two more changes with Kyle Dempsey and Ash Hunter replacing Grant and Burns.
Hunter made almost an instant impact as he beat his man on the right hand side and played in Hiwula who fired at Krysiak from close range. He produced a good block.
Town finally did equalise in bizarre fashion through Hiwula, but perhaps he didn't know too much about it. It was Hunter's cross that caused all the problems as Krysiak came out to catch, but instead fumbled and the ball ricocheted off Hiwula and into the net.
That left the game level with five minutes to go, and without a winner in 90, the game would go to penalties.
Four added minutes were shown at the end of the game, and there was to be drama, as Yeovil grabbed a late, late goal. It was the substitute Zoko who scored it, as he went through on goal and smashed it past Cairns with a powerful drive.
That was the goal that ended Fleetwood's Wembley dream, but it was a memorable run from the Cod Army. A special mention must go to hardy 16 Town supporters that made the long trek South.
Yeovil Town XI: Krysiak (GK), Smith ©, Bird, Browne (Santos), Gray (Smith), Surridge (Zoko), Green, Sowunmi, Fisher, Whelan, James.
Subs not used: Maddison (GK), Donnellan, Dickson, Gobern.
Fleetwood Town XI: Cairns (GK), Coyle, O'Connor, Eastham, Hiwula, Burns, McAleny, Grant, Bolger ©, Schwabl (Biggins), Sowerby.
Subs not used: Crellin (GK), Maguire, Sheron, Donohue.
Referee: G Ward
Attendance: 1,314 (16 away)
Ticket prices and coach travel details confirmed for Yeovil tie
Ticket and coach travel details for Fleetwood Town's Checkatrade Trophy quarter final with Yeovil Town have been released.
Uwe Rosler's side travel to Huish Park on Tuesday 6th February 2018 (7:45pm k/o), just two victories away from the Wembley Stadium showpiece final.
Tickets are only available to purchase on the day from Yeovil's ticket office, and are priced as follows:
Adults - £12
Over 65s - £6
16-21 - £6
Under 16 – £2
An official supporters coach will be going to the match, with the price just £15 for FTFC supporters, with the coach departing Highbury Stadium at 11:30am.
For further details on the match, or to book official coach travel, call the ticket office on 01253 775080 or visit the club shop at Highbury Stadium.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


College tuition costs have become quite expensive, and has also become something many millennials can't afford. This needs to get better.
When you were a college student, did you work? Or, if you're currently a college student, what do you do for work?
I'm sure you're tired of the questions — the ones that sound like "How are you paying for school? College is just so expensive," and "How are you going to pay off those student loans? Better start paying them now." While they are all coming from well-intentioned "adultier adults," they are sure to grate on you after a while.
But the truth of the matter is that the cost of college today almost requires the average student to work in order to pay that aforementioned tuition.
Recently, ABODO, a startup that specializes in helping potential renters (including college students) with finding local, affordable apartments, released "The Old College Try," a report based on statistics surrounding working college students. The statistics are astounding, but honestly not surprising considering the current state of the economy.
By the report's definition, a "working student" is a "student in a two- or four-year undergraduate degree-granting program who works 27 weeks per year." The report goes on to indicate that "52% of working students in the United States" fit the above definition. Do you?
But, let's stop talking about money for just a second… and let's talk about time.
Between classwork and homework, papers, exams and extracurriculars (which have become almost necessary for any college student to put on their resumes), students' weeks are consumed. Not to mention, college is not just for classroom learning and extracurriculars, either. The friendships you make in college have the potential to lead to lifelong friendships, even if you're getting together in a different way than you were before, when you were students. But socializing, like anything else, is another time commitment, and one that shouldn't be overlooked.
40 hours a week? That sounds a lot like the definition of "full-time." The college experience is meant to get students ready for the working world and to make them more well-rounded, giving them education both in the classroom and — cliché I know — in the "school of life." It's not meant to launch students into full-time work before joining the world of full-time work.
Which brings us back to money. The cost of college has skyrocketed to the point that students need to work full-time hours in order to earn their degrees — and, in turn, overloading their schedules, possibly missing out on important lessons outside of the classroom, and, according to this report from the University of Georgia, not getting enough sleep.
So, what are we to do? What needs to change, to be regulated? Is there a need for greater government involvement in the cost of college? What opportunities should be made a priority?
I'm not saying I have the answers. But there's one thing I can say for sure: in terms of both time and money, our country's college students deserve better.


Hey all, good to see you, hope you're having a pleasant Easter/Passover/Pagan Rite of Spring. Death By Improv has been very active as of late, so active we've barely had time to do anything with our internet website.
First of all, we did have auditions several weeks back, and are thrilled to have three new members on the team: Ryan (henceforth known as "Smith), Ryan (henceforth known as "Doc"), and Kate, (henceforth known as "Kate"). They've all passed the initiation and came through with flying colors, and the bruises fromt the blanket party we threw for them are healing nicely.
In addition, DBI is working on a long-form project with several of our former students: Jen, Deena, and Sujit. If you come to our 4/19 show at the Main Street Theatre in Parlin, you'll be able to see the fruits of our labor, and not of our loins, that'd be weird.
We're still doing monthly shows at To Be Continued… Bookstore Boutique in Metuchen, the last Thursday of every month, at 7:30pm. That means our next show there will be on April 25. It's five dollars, and I highly recommend you check the store out. It's really, really cool.
We've been more active on Twitter lately, trying to fill the void left by the sudden retirement of Pope Benedict XVI. Stop by sometime for fruit snacks and juice.
Also, we've uploaded a few of our recent shows to the YouTube, which you can reach by clicking the link right on top of this page. It's fun when it's fun!
Okay, hope to see you all at our next few shows! Unless you're reading this in the year 2398, in which case, enjoy your flying car and pass the Soylent Green.


text:
Record Number Of Guns Found At Airport Security CheckpointsA record number of guns were found at TSA security checkpoints in 2021, even as air travel was down due to the pandemic. Over 6,000 guns were found, the majority of them loaded.
Storage Unit Catches Fire In North HighlandsTwo units at the facility were affected by the fire at the storage unit Along Auburn Boulevard at Kohler Road. No injuries were reported in the fire.
92-Room Hotel In Sacramento Being Converted To Homeless ShelterThe Best Western on H Street is being converted to house those experiencing homelessness. The City of Sacramento received a $24 million grant from the state as part of Project Roomkey. It will be the 3rd hotel in Sacramento converted for this purpose.
US Plans $50 Billion Wildfire Fight Where Forests Meet SuburbiaThe Biden administration plans to significantly expand efforts to stave off catastrophic wildfires that have torched areas of the U.S. West by more aggressively thinning forests around areas called "hotspots" where nature and neighborhoods collide. As climate change heats up and dries out the West, administration officials said they have crafted a $50 billion plan to more than double the use of controlled fires and logging to reduce trees and other vegetation that serves as tinder in the most at-risk areas.
Trailer Catches Fire Along 16th Street In Sacramento Just North Of Blue DiamondA woman was in tears as firefighters put out the fire in her trailer Wednesday morning.
Friday's Show Info. (1/14/22)
Stanislaus County News
Good Samaritan Tracks Down Suspect After Alleged Attack In ModestoA brutal carjacking and robbery spree in Stanislaus County came to an end thanks to the efforts of a couple of good Samaritans.
Man Convicted In 1979 Gruesome Double Murder In Modesto Found Suitable For ParoleA Modesto man convicted in a brutal double murder that happened more than four decades ago was found suitable for parole, the Stanislaus County District Attorney's Office announced Thursday.
Modesto Ice Cream Shop With Purpose Calls On Community To Stay OpenThe Ice Cream Co. is also a nonprofit, Enrich and Employ. The mission is to hire people who may face boundaries to employment.
Sheriff's Office Says There May Be More Victims Following Alleged Kidnapping, Torture Case In ModestoThe Stanislaus County Sheriff's Office said it believes there are potentially more victims after a Modesto man was arrested on suspicion of keeping his girlfriend prisoner for about a month.
Stanislaus County White Supremacist Among Group Held Legally Responsible for Charlottesville ViolenceNathan Damigo had made headlines for his political views before, including back in 2016, when he was a student on the Stanislaus State campus.
Death Of Woman Found In Modesto Home Near Airport Ruled HomicideHomicide detectives are investigating after a body was found in a Modesto home Friday morning, the Stanislaus County Sheriff's Office said.
Man Struck By Drunk Driver In Fiery Modesto Crash, Police SayA driver was arrested for a DUI after a crash left hime and another person with major injuries overnight in Modesto, police said on Sunday.
Victim Of Stanislaus County Attempted Carjacking Identified As Elizabeth Mann Of TracyA teenager arrested in Stanislaus County is suspected of fatally shooting a woman overnight during an attempted carjacking and is believed to be connected to a Stockton shooting that occurred less than an hour earlier, authorities said on Sunday.
Stanislaus Sheriff's Office Releases Bodycam footage Of Deadly Officer-Involved Shooting That Killed Modesto TeenThe Stanislaus County Sheriff's Office on Saturday released bodycam footage of a deadly officer-involved shooting involving a Modesto 16-year-old.
Wild Rescue: Wildlife Biologist Finds, Brings Injured Bald Eagle To Hughson Wildlife Center For TreatmentA bald eagle is a majestic beast in the wild, but one injured female eagle is now in the care of the Stanislaus Wildlife Care Center in Hughson– and it didn't get there easily.
Road To Recovery: Stanislaus County Opens Up Vaccines To Those 16 And UpIt was a big step forward across California on the road to recovery from the pandemic as anyone 50 and up was made eligible to get the vaccine as of Thursday.
California Couple Wanted For Killing California Man In Oregon Hotel Room Arrested In Stanislaus CountyAuthorities arrested two people in Stanislaus County in connection to the murder of a California man in an Oregon hotel, the Grants Pass Department of Public Safety announced.
Getting Paid To Shop Local: Stanislaus County App Helps Businesses And CustomersSpending cash in Stanislaus County is now a little easier on your pocketbook. A local nonprofit is paying customers to shop local to help struggling businesses.
California Calls On Counties To Bring Down COVID Rates In Minority NeighborhoodsCalifornia announced Monday the state will require counties to bring down rampant coronavirus rates in poorer neighborhoods.
Man's Body Found In Train Hopper Car In Crows Landing, Deputies InvestigatingOfficials are investigating after a man's body was found in a train car in Crows Landing Thursday morning.
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text:
Kostel Povýšení svatého Kříže v Brně-Slatině byl postaven v roce 1947, věž kostela byla přistavěna v polovině roku 1948. Vysvěcení kostela se uskutečnilo 19. září 1948 brněnským kapitulním vikářem Josefem Kratochvílem. Z původní kaple a márnice vznikl presbytář, na nějž navazuje vlastní loď kostela. Jeho vnitřní prostor je 36 m dlouhý, 7,40 m široký a 5,40 m vysoký. V současné době Brno-Slatina není samostatná farnost, kostel je filiální k faře v Brně-Líšni.

Externí odkazy

 Kostel Povýšení svatého Kříže Brno-Slatina – oficiální stránky

Povýšení svatého Kříže (Brno-Slatina)
Povýšení svatého Kříže (Brno)
Brno
Povýšení svatého Kříže Brno
Brno-Slatina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Partially Shipped orders are orders that Zentail believes were not fully shipped. The most common example is a multi-line-item order (i.e. more than one SKU) or a multi-unit order (i.e. multiple units of one SKU).
Orders displaying in the Partially Shipped status on the Orders screen are there because there is no record of all units associated with the order being shipped.
If you have an order that is in the Partially Shipped status but is actually fully shipped, please follow this guide to Manually Ship any remaining units on the order that Zentail believes are currently Unshipped.


text:
Category: Social Networks
ISIS Claims Responsibility for Paris 'Act of War' Then Celebrates Using Twitter
Filed under: Blow back, Costs of War, Crossroads News : Changes In The World Around Us And Our Place In It, Global Community, Politics, Legislation and Economy News, Power Struggle, Provocation / Incitement, Retaliation, Social Networks, Terror Plots / Suspects, War on terror, Wars and Rumors of War — Leave a comment
ISIS claims responsibility for Paris massacre; attackers include Belgians, Frenchman, possible Syrian migrant
BY Meg Wagner
Updated: Saturday, November 14, 2015, 3:46 PM
ISIS claimed responsibility for a horrific series of coordinated attacks throughout Paris that killed 129 people and wounded 352 as official announced the assailants included three Belgians, a Frenchman and possibly one Syrian migrant who passed through Greece this year.
The terror group warned in a Saturday statement that France "will remain at the top of the list of targets of the Islamic State" and claimed that eight of its fighters stormed carefully chosen targets in the "capital of adultery and vice."
One of the fighters, who was killed in a suicide bomb, had a Syrian passport on him, officials said.
Officials in Greece said that passport belonged to a migrant who had entered Europe in October through Leros, one of the islands that tens of thousands of people fleeing war and poverty in Syria and elsewhere have been using as a gateway to the European Union in recent months.
It's not clear if the passport belonged to the fighter or if it was stolen from a refugee.
Another one of the terrorists was a 30-year-old French national who had been on authorities' radar since 2010 for his ties to Islamic extremism, officials said.
Tags: Belgian, FRANCE, French, ISIS, Paris massacre, Syrian, Twitter
Astonishing amount of data being collected about your children. "Just think George Orwell, and take it to the nth degree…", states Joel Reidenberg of Fordham Law School.
Filed under: Accountability, Activism, Collection of Personal Data, Community, Corporatocracy, Crossroads News : Changes In The World Around Us And Our Place In It, Government, Invasion Of Privacy I, IT, Politics, Legislation and Economy News, Security, Social Networks, Special Interests, Surveillance — Leave a comment
The astonishing amount of data being collected about your children
By Valerie Strauss November 12 at 9:30 AM
Big data is no longer a tool reserved solely for big businesses. (Alan Brandt/AP)
Parental concerns about student privacy have been rising in recent years amid the growing use by schools, school districts and states use technology to collect mountains of detailed information on students. Last year, a controversial $100 million student data collection project funded by the Gates Foundation and operated by a specially created nonprofit organization called inBloom was forced to shut down because of these concerns, an episode that served as a warning to parents about just how much information about their children is being shared without their knowledge.
Here's an important piece on the issue by Leonie Haimson and Cheri Kiesecker. Haimson was a leading advocate against the inBloom project who then, along with Rachael Stickland, created the Parent Coalition for Student Privacy, a national alliance of parents and advocates defending the rights of parents and students to protect their data. Kiesecker is a member of the coalition.
By Leonie Haimson and Cheri Kiesecker
Remember that ominous threat from your childhood, "This will go down on your permanent record?" Well, your children's permanent record is a whole lot bigger today and it may be permanent. Information about your children's behavior and nearly everything else that a school or state agency knows about them is being tracked, profiled and potentially shared.
During a February 2015 congressional hearing on "How Emerging Technology Affects Student Privacy," Rep. Glenn Grothman of Wisconsin asked the panel to "provide a summary of all the information collected by the time a student reaches graduate school." Joel Reidenberg, director of the Center on Law & Information Policy at Fordham Law School, responded:
"Just think George Orwell, and take it to the nth degree. We're in an environment of surveillance, essentially. It will be an extraordinarily rich data set of your life."
Most student data is gathered at school via multiple routes; either through children's online usage or information provided by parents, teachers or other school staff. A student's education record generally includes demographic information, including race, ethnicity, and income level; discipline records, grades and test scores, disabilities and Individual Education Plans (IEPs), mental health and medical history, counseling records and much more.
Tags: George Orwell, student privacy, the Gates Foundation, United States
The UN Releases Plan to Push for Worldwide Internet Censorship
Filed under: Accountability, Censorship, Collection of Personal Data, Crossroads News : Changes In The World Around Us And Our Place In It, Freedom, Government, Indoctrination, Internet Neutrality, IT, Oppression, Politics, Legislation and Economy News, Social Networks, Special Interests — Leave a comment
Michael Krieger | Posted Friday Sep 25, 2015 at 2:32 pm
The United Nations has disgraced itself immeasurably over the past month or so.
In case you missed the following stories, I suggest catching up now:
The UN's "Sustainable Development Agenda" is Basically a Giant Corporatist Fraud
Not a Joke – Saudi Arabia Chosen to Head UN Human Rights Panel
Fresh off the scene from those two epic embarrassments, the UN now wants to tell governments of the world how to censor the internet. I wish I was kidding.
On Thursday, the organization's Broadband Commission for Digital Development released a damning "world-wide wake-up call" on what it calls "cyber VAWG," or violence against women and girls. The report concludes that online harassment is "a problem of pandemic proportion" — which, nbd, we've all heard before.
But the United Nations then goes on to propose radical, proactive policy changes for both governments and social networks, effectively projecting a whole new vision for how the Internet could work.
Under U.S. law — the law that, not coincidentally, governs most of the world's largest online platforms — intermediaries such as Twitter and Facebook generally can't be held responsible for what people do on them. But the United Nations proposes both that social networks proactively police every profile and post, and that government agencies only "license" those who agree to do so.
People are being harassed online, and the solution is to censor everything and license speech? Remarkable.
Tags: Facebook, Internet, Internet access, Twitter
Apple, Microsoft, Facebook, and Google have updated their policies to routinely notify customers when law enforcement has requested information about them.
Filed under: Accountability, Collection of Personal Data, Crossroads News : Changes In The World Around Us And Our Place In It, Espionage, Fundamental Rights, Government, Government Overreach, Harassment, Internet News, Invasion Of Privacy I, IT, Politics, Politics, Legislation and Economy News, Power Struggle, Psy - Ops, Security, Social Networks, Surveillance, Whistle Blowers — Leave a comment
Defiant Apple, Facebook, other firms to inform public of govt surveillance requests
Published time: May 02, 2014 01:07
Edited time: May 02, 2014 06:42
Reuters / Eric Thayer
The same technology companies that the US intelligence community has relied upon to disclose email records are now refusing to keep surveillance requests secret and informing customers when they are the subject of such requests.
In the nearly ten months since former US National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden revealed extensive surveillance efforts on everyday Americans' online activity, the companies that were forced to facilitate that surveillance have come under harsh public scrutiny.
The embarrassment ignited a series of comments from executives at Google and Facebook, among others, calling on the NSA and other agencies to either stop forcing them to provide the communications that customers trust them with, or allow them to be more transparent.
Now, according to a Thursday report in the Washington Post, Apple, Microsoft, Facebook, and Google have updated their policies to routinely notify customers when law enforcement has requested information about them.
Yahoo enacted such a change in July, with the Post reporting Thursday that companies "have found that investigators often drop data demands to avoid having suspects learn of inquiries."
Apple, Facebook, others defy authorities, notify users of secret data demands
By Craig Timberg, Published: May 1
Major U.S. technology companies have largely ended the practice of quietly complying with investigators' demands for e-mail records and other online data, saying that users have a right to know in advance when their information is targeted for government seizure.This increasingly defiant industry stand is giving some of the tens of thousands of Americans whose Internet data gets swept into criminal investigations each year the opportunity to fight in court to prevent disclosures. Prosecutors, however, warn that tech companies may undermine cases by tipping off criminals, giving them time to destroy vital electronic evidence before it can be gathered.
How the NSA is infiltrating private networks
Fueling the shift is the industry's eagerness to distance itself from the government after last year's disclosures about National Security Agency surveillance of online services. Apple, Microsoft, Facebook and Google all are updating their policies to expand routine notification of users about government data seizures, unless specifically gagged by a judge or other legal authority, officials at all four companies said. Yahoo announced similar changes in July.As this position becomes uniform across the industry, U.S. tech companies will ignore the instructions stamped on the fronts of subpoenas urging them not to alert subjects about data requests, industry lawyers say. Companies that already routinely notify users have found that investigators often drop data demands to avoid having suspects learn of inquiries.
"It serves to chill the unbridled, cost-free collection of data," said Albert Gidari Jr., a partner at Perkins Coie who represents several technology companies. "And I think that's a good thing."
The Justice Department disagrees, saying in a statement that new industry policies threaten investigations and put potential crime victims in greater peril.
"These risks of endangering life, risking destruction of evidence, or allowing suspects to flee or intimidate witnesses are not merely hypothetical, but unfortunately routine," department spokesman Peter Carr said, citing a case in which early disclosure put at risk a cooperative witness in a case. He declined to offer details because the case was under seal.
The changing tech company policies do not affect data requests approved by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, which are automatically kept secret by law. National security letters, which are administrative subpoenas issued by the FBI for national security investigations, also carry binding gag orders.
The government traditionally has notified people directly affected by searches and seizures — though often not immediately — when investigators entered a home or tapped a phone line. But that practice has not survived the transition into the digital world. Cellular carriers such as AT&T and Verizon typically do not tell customers when investigators collect their call data.
Many tech companies once followed a similar model of quietly cooperating with law enforcement. Courts, meanwhile, ruled that it was sufficient for the government to notify the providers of Internet services of data requests, rather than the affected customers.
Twitter, founded in 2006, became perhaps the first major tech company to routinely notify users when investigators collected data, yet few others followed at first. When the Electronic Frontier Foundation began issuing its influential "Who Has Your Back?" report in 2011 — rating companies on their privacy and transparency policies — Twitter was the only company to get a star under the category "Tell users about data demands." Google, the next mostly highly rated, got half a star from the civil liberties group.
Sites defy govt, notify users of data demands
Apple, Facebook, others defy authorities, increasingly notify users of secret data demands
Government's data demands are being defied
Defiant Apple, Facebook, other tech companies to inform public of govt surveillance requests
Tech giants increasingly notify users of NSA data demands
Tags: apple, Edward Snowden, Facebook, Google, National Security Agency, United States
Blow Back : NYPD Twitter campaign reaps thousands of negative tweets and images of alleged police brutality an hour.
Filed under: Accountability, Blow back, Complacency / Apathy, Corruption, Crossroads News : Changes In The World Around Us And Our Place In It, Government, Government Overreach, Internet News, IT, Police Brutality, Politics, Politics, Legislation and Economy News, Protests, Signs Of The Times, Social Networks — 2 Comments
NYPD Twitter campaign backfires, thousands of negative tweets
By Chris Francescani
NEW YORK Wed Apr 23, 2014 3:18pm EDT
A pedestrian walks past a line of New York Police Department (NYPD) cars parked at Times Square in New York, October 18, 2011.
Credit: Reuters/Gary Hershorn
(Reuters) – A New York Police Department campaign to burnish its image via social media instead produced a flood of pictures of apparent police brutality and tweets critical of the force being shared at a rate of thousands an hour.
Police Commissioner Bill Bratton said on Wednesday he would continue and expand the NYPD Twitter campaign a day after it backfired, triggering an outpouring of negative images including police violence at New York's Occupy Wall Street demonstrations, an NYPD officer pointing a gun at a dog, and an officer asleep in a subway car.
"The reality of policing is that oftentimes our actions are lawful, but they look awful," Bratton told a news briefing at New York City Hall.
"Most of those photos that I looked at are old news," said Bratton, appointed by Mayor Bill de Blasio to take over from Ray Kelly, who served for 12 years under de Blasio's predecessor, Michael Bloomberg.
NYPD commissioner welcomes attention from disastrous #myNYPD hashtag
By Mark Berman
April 23 at 5:22 pm
This file photo, from May 2012, shows a police lieutenant swinging his baton at Occupy Wall Street activists in New York. It was recirculated Tuesday in response to a police hashtag that went awry. (Mary Altaffer/AP)
The New York Police Department's attempt at using social media to connect with constituents on Tuesday went…well, let's say awry.
An initial tweet asked people to post photos of themselves with police officers along with the hashtag #myNYPD. Obviously this went poorly, because obviously it was going to go poorly, because these things can really only go poorly (we'll get back to that in a moment). In response, people sent in lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots of photos of New York police officers doing violent things to people. (Like the photo at the top of this post. It's almost two years old, but thanks to the #myNYPD hashtag, it has been everywhere over the last 24 hours.)
William J. Bratton, the police commissioner, said he isn't too bothered by the reaction:
"I kind of welcome the attention," Bratton said Wednesday as the negative tweets kept coming nearly 24 hours after cops invited the cyber-submissions….
"Most of the pictures I looked at, they're old news," Bratton said, tossing previous NYPD administrations under the patrol car. "They've been out there for a long time."
Twitter Users Brutalize NYPD
NYPD Twitter Campaign Goes Sour; PC Bratton Says 'Tweet Us, Good or Bad'
NYPD's Twitter campaign backfires badly
VIDEO: NYPD's twitter campaign backfires
NYPD Twitter campaign backfires
Tags: Michael Bloomberg, New York City Police Department, New York., Occupy Wall Street, Raymond Kelly, Twitter, William J. Bratton
The NSA mirrored version of Facebook
Filed under: Accountability, Collection of Personal Data, Espionage, Government, Government Overreach, Hacking, Hypocrisy, Internet Neutrality, Internet News, Invasion Of Privacy I, IT, Politics, Legislation and Economy News, Security, Social Networks, Surveillance, Unethical — 2 Comments
Desert Rose Creations  (C)  2014
Snowden Docs Expose How the NSA "Infects" Millions of Computers, Impersonates Facebook Server
download: Video Audio Get CD/DVD More Formats
Ryan Gallagher, reporter for The Intercept.
New disclosures from Edward Snowden show the NSA is massively expanding its computer hacking worldwide. Software that automatically hacks into computers — known as malware "implants" — had previously been kept to just a few hundred targets. But the news website The Intercept reports that the NSA is spreading the software to millions of computers under an automated system codenamed "Turbine." The Intercept has also revealed the NSA has masqueraded as a fake Facebook server to infect a target's computer and exfiltrate files from a hard drive. We are joined by The Intercept reporter Ryan Gallagher.
This is a rush transcript. Copy may not be in its final form.
AMY GOODMAN: We turn now to our last segment, the latest on leaks from Edward Snowden. TheIntercept.org reported last week the National Security Agency is dramatically expanding its ability to covertly hack into computers on a mass scale by using automated systems that reduce the level of human oversight in the process. The Intercept also revealed the NSA has masqueraded as a fake Facebook server to infect a target's computer and exfiltrate files from a hard drive.
Joining us now is Ryan Gallagher from The Intercept, co-wrote the piece, "[How] the NSA Plans to Infect 'Millions' of Computers with Malware." Explain, Ryan.
RYAN GALLAGHER: Hi, Amy. Yeah, and the story we wrote last week, really, the key thing about it is the extent to which these techniques have really rapidly escalated in the last decade. And what we can see and what we reported was that, since about 2004, the National Security Agency has expanded the use of what it calls these "implants," which are sort of malicious software implants within computers and computer networks, and even phone networks, to basically steal data from those systems. About 10 years ago, they had, they say, about a hundred and a hundred and—between a hundred and 150 of these implants, but within the last decade that expanded to an estimated 100,000, in some reports, and they're building a system to be capable of deploying "millions," in their own words, of these implants.
AMY GOODMAN: The revelation around the issue of Facebook has led Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg to call President Obama on Wednesday and demand an explanation. He later wrote in a blog post, quote, "I've been so confused and frustrated by the repeated reports of the behavior of the US government. When our engineers work tirelessly to improve security, we imagine we're protecting you against criminals, not our own government."
RYAN GALLAGHER: Yeah, and Mark Zuckerberg was definitely very agitated, we think, about the report and seems to have got on the phone to Obama. And interestingly, the NSA later issued a—actually claimed that they hadn't impersonated U.S. websites. However, their own documents actually say that they pretended to be the Facebook server for this particular surveillance technique, so their denial sort of doesn't really hold up to scrutiny when compared with their own documents. And there's a bit of sort of a—you know, there's questions to be asked about that.
Peeping Webcam? With NSA Help, British Spy Agency Intercepted Millions of Yahoo Chat Images
Feb 28, 2014 | Story
Spying on Lawyers: Snowden Documents Show NSA Ally Targeted U.S. Law Firm
Julian Assange on Being Placed on NSA "Manhunting" List & Secret Targeting of WikiLeaks Supporters
"How the NSA Plans to Infect 'Millions' of Computers with Malware" by Ryan Gallagher & Glenn Greenwald
"Compare the NSA's Facebook Malware Denial to its Own Secret Documents," by Ryan Gallagher
Mark Zuckerberg calls Obama to complain about NSA
Facebook founder posts frustrations on wall
Author: By Jose Pagliery
Published On: Mar 13 2014 03:54:56 PM EDT Updated On: Mar 13 2014 10:05:56 PM EDT
Robert Galbraith/Reuters
NEW YORK (CNNMoney) – Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg called President Obama on Wednesday night to express frustration about the government's spying and hacking programs.
"When our engineers work tirelessly to improve security, we imagine we're protecting you against criminals, not our own government," Zuckerberg wrote in a Facebook post Thursday afternoon.
It may seem disingenuous for the leader of a giant tech company that hoards your data (and sells it wholesale) to point an angry finger at government surveillance. But Zuckerberg's complaint is specifically aimed at one thing: hacking.
His concerns are based on the latest investigative report from The Intercept, which revealed that the National Security Agency has weaponized the Internet, making it possible to inject bad software into innocent peoples' computers en masse. Put simply, using the QUANTUM program, the NSA can sneak into someone's Web browser.
The report is based on documents provided by ex-NSA contractor Edward Snowden.
Compare the NSA's Facebook Malware Denial to Its Own Secret Documents
Mark Zuckerberg frustrated; Obama irritated and Finally NSA Stated
Snowden Docs Expose How the NSA "Infects" Millions of Computers and Impersonates Facebook
Privacy Watch: UN Voices Anger, Zuckerberg Phones Obama, Corporate Looting at Risk, Constitution Ignored
NSA Hits Out At 'False' Mass Hacking Allegations
UPDATED: Facebook, is that you? NSA reportedly posed as the social network
GCHQ helped NSA with spy malware, Snowden docs show
Snowden: NSA 'Targets Millions' With Malware
Tags: Edward Snowden, Facebook, Malware, Mark Zuckerberg, NSA, Ryan Gallagher
6 Anti-NSA Technological innovations that May Just Change the World
Filed under: Collection of Personal Data, Crossroads News : Changes In The World Around Us And Our Place In It, Government Overreach, Internet News, Invasion Of Privacy I, IT, New Technology, Security, Social Networks, Surveillance, Taking Matters Into Our Own Hands — 2 Comments
S.C.G. News
Posted by S.C.G. February 12, 2014
Rather than grovel and beg for the U.S. government to respect our privacy, these innovators have taken matters into their own hands, and their work may change the playing field completely.
People used to assume that the United States government was held in check by the constitution, which prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and which demands due process in criminal investigations, but such illusions have evaporated in recent years. It turns out that the NSA considers itself above the law in every respect and feels entitled to spy on anyone anywhere in the world without warrants, and without any real oversight. Understandably these revelations shocked the average citizen who had been conditioned to take the government's word at face value, and the backlash has been considerable. The recent "Today We Fight Back" campaign to protest the NSA's surveillance practices shows that public sentiment is in the right place. Whether these kinds of petitions and protests will have any real impact on how the U.S. government operates is questionable (to say the least), however some very smart people have decided not to wait around and find out. Instead they're focusing on making the NSA's job impossible. In the process they may fundamentally alter the way the internet operates.
Decentralized Social Media – Vole.cc
Anyone who was paying attention at all over the past several years knows that many of the top social media websites Facebook and Google have cooperated with the NSA's surveillance program under PRISM, handing over the personal information that they've been hoarding over the years. Many of us have grown to despise these companies but continue to use their services due to the fact that no real competitors have presented themselves. Yes there are a few sites oriented towards the anti-government niche but nothing that has the potential of opening up the kind of reach that's possible on Facebook or Google plus. The underlying problem here is that the server technology to run a site even a fraction of the size of Facebook is highly expensive, and to build and maintain a code base that can handle millions of users requires a full time team of highly skilled programmers. What this means is that anyone who wants to launch a real competitor to these sites would have needed to be well funded and have a sustainable business model. But what if someone came up with a system that removed the need for massive centralized servers? That's just what vole.cc is working to accomplish. Vole.cc is a decentralized social media system in development based on bittorrent and Ember.js which completely cuts the server out of the equation and allows users to build social media networks without exposing their personal information to "authorities" or data mining companies.
Getsync Decentralized and Encrypted File Sharing – A Dropbox Alternative
With the revelations that data in Apple's iCloud was available to the NSA as part of PRISM it has become clear that any centralized file sharing service is vulnerable, and any information that you upload to services like dropbox may end up being inspected by government agents. The folks at Bittorrent didn't like that idea, so they decided to build a viable alternative, one that doesn't depend on a centralized server at all and encrypts your data to make it difficult if not impossible to open without your permission. The service claims to already have amassed over 2 million users. Interestingly the vole.cc social media project uses Getsync to manage the social media data on your computer.
Decentralized & Encrypted Communications – Bittorrent Chat
Don't like the fact that the NSA has been rummaging through your skype chats, emails and other instant messaging services? Well if you were a bit tech savvy you might have opted to set up your own mumble server or IRC channel, but this route will likely never be approachable for the average citizen and the reliance on a centralized server brings security vulnerabilities. However work is currently underway on a protocol that will completely remove the need for a centralized server and cut the NSA out of the loop entirely.
BitTorrent Sync: The NSA-Resistant File Sharing Service You Might Have Missed
The Next Big Thing You Missed: A Would-Be Dropbox Meant to Thwart the NSA
BitTorrent develops secure, decentralized chat program using public-key crypto
Sync Your Files without Trusting the Cloud
BtTorrent unveils secure messaging service to counter 'NSA dragnet surveillance'
BitTorrent Is Building An NSA-Proof Chat Product
BitTorrent takes step toward secure serverless chat
BitTorrent Details How It's Building An Anonymous Chat Product Without Using Servers
BitTorrent serverless chat replaces usernames with crypto keys
Tags: Decentralization, Facebook, Filesharing, Google, iCloud, NSA, Prism, Social media, US government
Twitter keeps suspending account critical of Obamacare
Filed under: Activism, Freedom, Freedom of Information, Fundamental Rights, Government, Lack Of Transparency, Politics, Politics, Legislation and Economy News, Social Networks — 3 Comments
1:23 AM 11/04/2013
Charles C. Johnson
Twitter has repeatedly suspended an account critical of the Affordable Care Act.
The account , @mycancellation, was just getting started when Twitter suspended it—twice—before reinstating the account late Saturday night.
The purpose of @mycancellation or mycancellation.com was to allow some of the millions of Americans who are losing their health insurance to post pictures of themselves with their cancellation letters. "Help us show Washington the faces who lost what they liked," the account asked. "ObamaCare canceled your health insurance. Now, send us your letter," the tagline for the website advertised.
Wendy "Obamacare" Davis
TheRealWendy.com
More bad news about Obamacare. More bad news for Wendy Davis.
My Cancellation @MyCancellation
Real ppl are losing insurance they were told they could keep. Send your picture & letter: letters@mycancellation.com
10:08 AM – 3 Nov 2013
The Twitter account quickly gained steam and had over 1,000 followers before Twitter suspended it.
Late Saturday night Heather Higgins, CEO and president of the Independent Women's Voice, announced on Facebook that the account was suspended again.
"We were suspended yesterday late afternoon without a notice email," Victoria Coley, who along with Eric Kohn is running the account, told The Daily Caller.
Kohn managed to get the account reinstated. "Tonight shortly before 11:30pm ET the handle was canceled again," Coley told TheDC. "We are looking into the issue now to see whether Twitter can give us a reason."
Report: Twitter Suspends Account Critical Of Obamacare
'Simple. Perfect. Brilliant': @MyCancellation launches an 'Obamacare website that works' [pics]
Obamacare truth hurts: Why is @MyCancellation suspended? Again
Twitter nixes account blasting Obamacare
Twitter faces fire for freezing Obamacare horror story site
Introducing MyCancellation.com – An ObamaCare Website That Actually Works
Tags: Obamacare, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Twitter, United States, Washington D.C., Wendy Davis
Without their knowledge or permission, the National Security Agency has broken into the global data centers of Yahoo! and Google, the Washington Post is reporting on Wednesday.
Filed under: Accountability, Collection of Personal Data, crime, Espionage, Government, Government Overreach, Hacking, Invasion Of Privacy I, Politics, Legislation and Economy News, Security, Social Networks, Surveillance, Unethical, World News — 1 Comment
Published on Wednesday, October 30, 2013 by Common Dreams
'I Hope You Publish This': NSA Broke Into Google, Yahoo Data Centers
'The NSA does not keep everything it collects, but it keeps a lot,' reports the Washington Post
– Jon Queally, staff writer
In a report that terms the specific NSA surveillance program as "unusually aggressive," the newspaper claims that leaked documents provided by whistleblower Edward Snowden show how the operation, codenamed MUSCULAR, allowed the agency to access the "cloud networks" of the two internet giants and "collect at will from among hundreds of millions of user accounts, many of them belonging to Americans."
Two engineers with close ties to Google exploded in profanity when they saw the leaked drawing from the NSA: "I hope you publish this," one of them said.
"The NSA does not keep everything it collects," the Post reports, "but it keeps a lot."
Though the stream of information generated by the Snowden leaks seems endless, these latest revelations come amid growing concern both in the U.S. and abroad about the unrivaled power of the NSA when it comes to accessing information that was otherwise thought protected.
In this case, it is the internet giants themselves who seem most caught off guard over the revelations. Since the Snowden leaks first began, these companies (along with others) have been criticized for allowing the NSA specific kinds of access to their customer data. As the Post reports, however, disclosure of the MUSCULAR program becomes "especially striking,"
because the NSA, under a separate program known as PRISM, has front-door access to Google and Yahoo user accounts through a court-approved process.
The MUSCULAR project appears to be an unusually aggressive use of NSA tradecraft against flagship American companies. The agency is built for high-tech spying, with a wide range of digital tools, but it has not been known to use them routinely against U.S. companies.
When asked by the Post if they were aware of the program, both Yahoo! and Google adamantly said they did not know and expressed deep concern—anger, in fact—that the NSA had possibly infiltrated their private, highly secure, "cloud" networks.
As the Post explains:
In order for the data centers to operate effectively, they synchronize high volumes of information about account holders. Yahoo's internal network, for example, sometimes transmits entire e-mail archives — years of messages and attachments — from one data center to another.
Tapping the Google and Yahoo clouds allows the NSA to intercept communications in real time and to take "a retrospective look at target activity," according to one internal NSA document.
In order to obtain free access to data center traffic, the NSA had to circumvent gold standard security measures. Google "goes to great lengths to protect the data and intellectual property in these centers," according to one of the company's blog posts, with tightly audited access controls, heat sensitive cameras, round-the-clock guards and biometric verification of identities.
Google and Yahoo also pay for premium data links, designed to be faster, more reliable and more secure. In recent years, each of them is said to have bought or leased thousands of miles of fiber optic cables for their own exclusive use. They had reason to think, insiders said, that their private, internal networks were safe from prying eyes.
In an NSA presentation slide on "Google Cloud Exploitation," however, a sketch shows where the "Public Internet" meets the internal "Google Cloud" where their data resides. In hand-printed letters, the drawing notes that encryption is "added and removed here!" The artist adds a smiley face, a cheeky celebration of victory over Google security.
Two engineers with close ties to Google exploded in profanity when they saw the drawing. "I hope you publish this," one of them said.
Whether those in the outraged public will find sympathy with the likes of Google and Yahoo!, the exposure of MUSCULAR shows the degree to which online data—even that which was thought to be more secure—is susceptible to the reach of the NSA.
One of the other key takeaways from the Post reporting is how this particular program seemed to target communication hubs and data centers located outside of the U.S., showing that legal requirements, though clearly not effective overall, certainly have an impact on the manner in which the NSA operates. Again, from the report:
Intercepting communications overseas has clear advantages for the NSA, with looser restrictions and less oversight. NSA documents about the effort refer directly to "full take," "bulk access" and "high volume" operations on Yahoo and Google networks. Such large-scale collection of Internet content would be illegal in the United States, but the operations take place overseas, where the NSA is allowed to presume that anyone using a foreign data link is a foreigner.
Outside U.S. territory, statutory restrictions on surveillance seldom apply and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court has no jurisdiction. Senate Intelligence Committee Chairwoman Dianne Feinstein has acknowledged that Congress conducts little oversight of intelligence-gathering under the presidential authority of Executive Order 12333 , which defines the basic powers and responsibilities of the intelligence agencies.
John Schindler, a former NSA chief analyst and frequent defender who teaches at the Naval War College, said it was obvious why the agency would prefer to avoid restrictions where it can.
"Look, NSA has platoons of lawyers and their entire job is figuring out how to stay within the law and maximize collection by exploiting every loophole," he said. "It's fair to say the rules are less restrictive under Executive Order 12333 than they are under FISA."
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License
Snowden leak: NSA secretly accessed Yahoo, Google data centers to collect information
Published time: October 30, 2013 16:36
Edited time: October 30, 2013 17:58
Google data center
Despite having front-door access to communications transmitted across the biggest Internet companies on Earth, the National Security Agency has been secretly tapping into the two largest online entities in the world, new leaked documents reveal.
Those documents, supplied by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden and obtained by the Washington Post, suggest that the US intelligence agency and its British counterpart have compromised data passed through the computers of Google and Yahoo, the two biggest companies in the world with regards to overall Internet traffic, and in turn allowed those country's governments and likely their allies access to hundreds of millions of user accounts from individuals around the world.
"From undisclosed interception points, the NSA and GCHQ are copying entire data flows across fiber-optic cables that carry information between the data centers of the Silicon Valley giants," the Post's Barton Gellman and Ashkan Soltani reported on Wednesday.
The document providing evidence of such was among the trove of files supplied by Mr. Snowden and is dated January 9, 2013, making it among the most recent top-secret files attributed to the 30-year-old whistleblower.
Gen. Keith Alexander, the head of the NSA, told reporters Wednesday afternoon, "I don't know what the report is," according to Politico, and said his agency is "not authorized" to tap into Silicon Valley companies. When asked if the NSA tapped into the data centers, Alexander said, "Not to my knowledge."
Director of the National Security Agency Gen. Keith Alexander (AFP Photo / Alex Wong)
Earlier this year, separate documentation supplied by Mr. Snowden disclosed evidence of PRISM, an NSA-operated program that the intelligence company conducted to target the users of Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, Facebook, PalTalk, YouTube, Skype, AOL and Apple services. When that program was disclosed by the Guardian newspaper in June, reporters there said it allowed the NSA to "collect material including search history, the content of emails, file transfers and live chats" while having direct access to the companies' servers, at times with the "assistance of communication providers in the US."
According to the latest leak, the NSA and Britain's Government Communications Headquarters are conducting similar operations targeting the users of at least two of these companies, although this time under utmost secrecy.
"The infiltration is especially striking because the NSA, under a separate program known as PRISM, has front-door access to Google and Yahoo user accounts through a court-approved process," the Post noted.
And while top-brass in the US intelligence community defended PRISM and said it did not target American Internet users, the newest program — codenamed MUSCULAR — sweeps up data pertaining to the accounts of many Americans, the Post acknowledged.
The MUSCULAR program, according to Wednesday's leak, involves a process in which the NSA and GCHQ intercept communications overseas, where lax restrictions and oversight allow the agencies access to intelligence with ease.
"NSA documents about the effort refer directly to 'full take,' 'bulk access' and 'high volume' operations on Yahoo and Google networks," the Post reported. "Such large-scale collection of Internet content would be illegal in the United States, but the operations take place overseas, where the NSA is allowed to presume that anyone using a foreign data link is a foreigner."
Google and Yahoo furious over reports that NSA secretly intercepts data links
Leaked files suggest NSA can collect information 'at will' by intercepting cables that connect Google and Yahoo's data hubs
Dominic Rushe, Spencer Ackerman and James Ball
theguardian.com, Wednesday 30 October 2013 16.50 EDT
Google said in a statement: 'We have long been concerned about the possibility of this kind of snooping.' Photograph: Walter Bieri/AP
Google and Yahoo, two of the world's biggest tech companies, reacted angrily to a report on Wednesday that the National Security Agency has secretly intercepted the main communication links that carry their users' data around the world.
Citing documents obtained from former NSA contractor Edward Snowden and interviews with officials, the Washington Post claimed the agency could collect information "at will" from among hundreds of millions of user accounts.
The documents suggest that the NSA, in partnership with its British counterpart GCHQ, is copying large amounts of data as it flows across fiber-optic cables that carry information between the worldwide data centers of the Silicon Valley giants.
The story is likely to put further strain on the already difficult relations between the tech firms and Washington. The internet giants are furious about the damage done to their reputation in the wake of Snowden's revelations.
In a statement, Google's chief legal officer, David Drummond, said the company was "outraged" by the latest revelations.
"We have long been concerned about the possibility of this kind of snooping, which is why we have continued to extend encryption across more and more Google services and links, especially the links in the slide," he said.
"We do not provide any government, including the US government, with access to our systems. We are outraged at the lengths to which the government seems to have gone to intercept data from our private fiber networks, and it underscores the need for urgent reform."
Yahoo said: "We have strict controls in place to protect the security of our data centers, and we have not given access to our data centers to the NSA or to any other government agency."
According to a top-secret document cited by the Post dated 9 January 2013, millions of records a day are sent from Yahoo and Google internal networks to NSA data warehouses at the agency's headquarters in Fort Meade, Maryland. The types of information sent ranged from "metadata", indicating who sent or received emails, the subject line and where and when, to content such as text, audio and video.
The Post's documents state that in the preceding 30 days, field collectors had processed and sent on 181,280,466 new records.
Internet firms go to great lengths to protect their data. But the NSA documents published by the Post appear to boast about their ability to circumvent those protections. In one presentation slide on "Google Cloud Exploitation," published by the Post, an artist has added a smiley face, in apparent celebration of the NSA's victory over Google security systems.
NSA intercepts Google, Yahoo traffic overseas: report
Google's mystery barge
The shrouded structure in San Francisco Bay. Slideshow
SAN FRANCISCO | Wed Oct 30, 2013 5:06pm EDT
(Reuters) – The National Security Agency has tapped directly into communications links used by Google and Yahoo to move huge amounts of email and other user information among overseas data centers, the Washington Post reported on Wednesday. It was unclear how the NSA accessed the links.
The report, based on secret NSA documents leaked by former contractor Edward Snowden, appears to show that the agency has used weak restrictions on its overseas activities to exploit even major U.S. companies' data to a far greater extent than previously realized.
Previously reported programs included those that allowed easy searches of Google's, Yahoo's and other Internet giants' material based on court orders. But because the interception in the newly disclosed effort, code named MUSCULAR, occurs outside the United States, there is no oversight by the secret intelligence court.
Google, which recently said it is speeding its efforts to encrypt internal traffic, told Reuters: "We're troubled by allegations of the government intercepting traffic between our data centers, and we are not aware of this activity."
Justice Information Sharing U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs
on Privacy and Civil Liberties and the Information Sharing Environment
"Executive Orders (EOs) are official documents … through which the President of the United States manages the operations of the Federal Government." The directives cite the President's authority under the Constitution and statute (sometimes specified). EOs are published in the Federal Register, and they may be revoked by the President at any time. Although executive orders have historically related to routine administrative matters and the internal operations of federal agencies, recent Presidents have used Executive Orders more broadly to carry out policies and programs.
The National Archives maintains a list of all Executive Orders indexed by Presidents, by Order number, and by subject. This site, which also has a "search" capacity, can be used to determine if a particular Order has been amended, repealed, superseded, or otherwise changed.
Important Executive Orders related to information sharing and privacy and civil liberties:
12333 | 13311 | 13353 | 13354 | 13388 | 13470 | 13526 | 13549 | 13556 | 13587 | 13629 | 13636
EO 12333 (As initially issued) – Goals, Direction, Duties, and Responsibilities with Respect to the National Intelligence Effort (22pp | 281kb | PDF) (December 4, 1981). Under section 2.3, intelligence agencies can only collect, retain, and disseminate information about a "U.S. person" (U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents) if permitted by applicable law, if the information fits within one of the enumerated categories under EO 12333, and if it is permitted under that agency's implementing guidelines approved by the Attorney General. The EO has been amended to reflect the changing security and intelligence environment and structure within the U.S. Government.
EO 12333 has been amended by three subsequent Executive Orders: EO 13284 (4pp. | 155kb | PDF) (January 23, 2003), EO 13355 (5pp | 166kb | PDF) (August 27, 2004), and EO 13470 (20pp | 205kb | PDF) (July 30, 2008). The current text of EO 12333 as amended is available online (16pp | 131kb | PDF).
Many of the provisions of EO 13470 change how the intelligence agencies are governed and how they report to the President. In particular, the changes reflect that the U.S. intelligence agencies are to report to the President through the newly created Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). (At the time that EO 12333 was initially signed in 1981, the Director of National Intelligence was the nominal head of U.S. intelligence agencies).
Briefing on the July 2008 changes to 12333. Briefing for the Congressional Oversight Committee (8pp | 2.56mb | PPT) by ODNI indicates that EO 12333's original privacy and civil liberties protections are maintained after the July 2008 revisions.
In section 1.1(b), the amended EO 12333 includes the following language: the Government "has a solemn obligation, and shall continue in the conduct of intelligence activities under this order, to protect fully the legal rights of all United States persons, including freedoms, civil liberties, and privacy rights guaranteed by Federal law."
At section 1.5(c), EO 12333 requires the heads of all departments and agencies to "Coordinate development and implementation of intelligence systems and architectures and, as appropriate, operational systems and architectures of their departments, agencies, and other elements with the Director to respond to national intelligence requirements and all applicable information sharing and security guidelines, information privacy, and other legal requirements…."
Section 1.6(h) of EO 12333 also requires the heads of elements of the Intelligence Community to ensure "that the inspectors general, general counsels, and agency officials responsible for privacy or civil liberties protection for their respective organizations have access to any information or intelligence necessary to perform their official duties."
The amended 12333 includes the following language: the Government "has a solemn obligation, and shall continue in the conduct of intelligence activities under this order, to protect fully the legal rights of all United States persons, including freedoms, civil liberties, and privacy rights guaranteed by Federal law."
EO 13311 – Homeland Security Information Sharing (2pp | 149kb | PDF) (July 29, 2003). President Bush assigned his functions under section 892 of the Homeland Security Act to the Secretary of Homeland Security. Amended by EO 13388, all references to "Director of Central Intelligence" are now the "Director of National Intelligence."
EO 13353 – Establishing the President's Board on Safeguarding Americans' Civil Liberties (3pp | 160kb | PDF) (August 27, 2004). EO13353 creates the President's Board on Safeguarding Americans' Civil Liberties, which is 'part of the Department of Justice for administrative purposes,' to 'undertake other efforts to protect the legal rights of all Americans, including civil liberties, and information privacy guaranteed by Federal law, as the President may direct.' Although EO 13353 was never officially rescinded, its directive to create the President's Board on Safeguarding Americans' Civil Liberties faced strong opposition and was eventually jettisoned in favor of an independent body, the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight.
EO 13354 – Establishing the National Counterterrorism Center (4pp | 161kb | PDF) (August 27, 2004). The Center was established in order to "protect the security of the United States through strengthened analysis and strategic planning and intelligence support to operations to counter transnational terrorist threats…" This includes the "interchange of terrorism information between agencies and appropriate authorities of States and local governments…." The EO designated the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) as "the primary organization in the United Sates Government for analyzing and integrating all intelligence possessed or acquired by the [Government]… pertaining to terrorism and counterterrorism, excepting purely domestic counterterrorism information." While the Center continues in existence, EO 13354 was revoked by EO 13470 (18pp | 205kb | PDF) (July 30, 2008), which revised EO 12333. (See Section 3.6 of current version of EO 12333).
Also see EO 12333 above, EO 12958 (19pp | 248kb | PDF) (April 17, 1995) (revoked by EO 13526), and EO 13470, which amended EO 12333 in 2008.
"Agencies shall protect the freedom, information privacy, and other legal rights of Americans in the conduct of activities implementing …[the detection, prevention, disruption, preemption and mitigation of the effects of transnational terrorist activities and] the interchange of terrorism information between agencies and appropriate authorities of States and local governments."
EO 13388 – Further Strengthening the Sharing of Terrorism Information to Protect Americans (3pp | 161kb | PDF) (October 25, 2005). This Executive Order :
revokes EO 13356 (4pp | 163kb | PDF) (August 27, 2004) and amends EO 13311 (above);
creates the Information Sharing Council (ISC) to provide advice and information concerning the "establishment of an interoperable terrorism information sharing environment to facilitate automated sharing of terrorism information among appropriate agencies to implement the policy set forth in section 1 of this order; and (ii) perform the duties set forth in section 1016(g) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004."
assists the Program Manager for the ISE (PM–ISE) in expediting the establishment of the ISE and appointed the PM as chair of the Council,
requires that "[t]o the maximum extent consistent with applicable law, agencies shall, in the design and use of information systems and in the dissemination of information among agencies… give the highest priority to… the interchange of terrorism information among agencies… [and shall] protect the freedom, information privacy, and other legal rights of Americans in the conduct of [such] activities…."
EO 13526 – Classified National Security Information (27pp | 246kb | PDF) (December 29, 2009). This Executive Order:
prescribes a uniform system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security information, including information relating to the defense against transnational terrorism;
states that our democratic principles "require that the American people be informed of the activities of their Government" but that "throughout our history, the national defense has required that certain information be maintained in confidence….";
promotes open Government through "accurate and accountable application of classification standards and routine, secure, and effective declassification…."; and
revokes EO 12958 (19pp | 248kb | PDF) (April 17, 1995) and EO 13292 (20pp | 199kb | PDF) (March 25, 2003).
The Information Security Oversight Office, National Archives and Records Administration issued a Directive (28pp | 269kb | PDF) implementing the Executive Order on June 28, 2010. The Directive addresses classification standards, identification and markings, declassification, safeguarding, and other factors related to classified national security information.
EO 13549 – Classified National Security Information Program for State, Local, Tribal, and Private Sector Entities (6pp | 159kb | PDF) (August 18, 2010). This Executive Order:
ensures the proper safeguarding of information shared with State, local, tribal and private sector (SLTPS) entities;
establishes a "Classified National Security Information Program" designed to manage access to and handling of such information;
assures the security standards established in accord with EO 13526 (above) and other relevant Executive Orders are articulated by the Secretary of Homeland Security, to address among other things: eligibility for access to classified information by SLTPS personnel, how duly elected Governors are to receive appropriate clearances; and requiring that physical custody of classified information by SLTPS entities be limited to Secret information unless the location housing the information is under "full-time management, control, and operation of the Department of Homeland Security or another agency….";
establishes an SLTPS Policy Advisory Committee to discuss Program–related policy issues in dispute in order to facilitate resolution of disputes; and
promotes inspections and monitoring of SLTPS programs and facilities to ensure there is an ongoing need for access to classified information.
The order is to be implemented in a manner "consistent with procedures approved by the Attorney General pursuant to Executive Order 12333, as amended."
EO 13556 – Controlled Unclassified Information (3pp | 138kb | PDF) (November 4, 2010). This Executive Order:
establishes an open and uniform program for managing information that requires safeguarding or dissemination controls pursuant to and consistent with law, regulations, and Government–wide policies, excluding information classified under EO 13526 or the Atomic Energy Act, as amended;
addresses the "ad hoc, agency–specific policies, procedures, and markings to safeguard and control this information, such as information that involves privacy, security, proprietary business interests, and law enforcement investigations. This inefficient, confusing patchwork has resulted in inconsistent marking and safeguarding of documents, led to unclear or unnecessarily restrictive dissemination policies, and created impediments to authorized information sharing. The fact that these agency-specific policies are often hidden from public view has only aggravated these issues." (Sec. 1).
establishes a program for managing this information, called "Controlled Unclassified Information," (CUI) that emphasizes the openness and uniformity of Government–wide practices;
requires that the CUI categories and subcategories shall serve as the exclusive designations for identifying unclassified information throughout the executive branch that requires safeguarding or dissemination controls, pursuant to and consistent with applicable law, regulations, and Government–wide policies;
charges the National Archives and Records Administration to implement the Order and oversee agency compliance with it; and
rescinds Presidential Memorandum of May 7, 2008 ("Designation and Sharing of Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)").
EO 13587 – Structural Reforms To Improve The Security Of Classified Networks and the Responsible Sharing and Safeguarding of Classified Information ( 5pp | 155kb | PDF) (October 7, 2011). This Executive Order:
directs structural reforms to ensure responsible sharing and safeguarding of classified information on computer networks that shall be consistent with appropriate protections for privacy and civil liberties;
ensures coordinated interagency development and reliable implementation of policies and minimum standards regarding information security, personnel security, and systems security;
requires policies and minimum standards for sharing classified information both within and outside the Federal Government;
requires that these policies and minimum standards will address all agencies that operate or access classified computer networks, all users of classified computer networks (including contractors and others who operate or access classified computer networks controlled by the Federal Government), and all classified information on those networks;
directs agency heads to: (a) designate a senior official to be charged with overseeing classified information sharing and safeguarding efforts for the agency; (b) implement an insider threat detection and prevention program consistent with guidance and standards developed by the Insider Threat Task Force established in the order; and (c) perform self-assessments of compliance with policies and standards issued pursuant to sections 3.3, 5.2, and 6.3 of the order, as well as other applicable policies and standards, the results of which shall be reported annually to the Senior Information Sharing and Safeguarding Steering Committee established in section 3 of the order;
establishes a Classified Information Sharing and Safeguarding Office (CISSO) within and subordinate to the office of the PM–ISE to provide expert, full-time, sustained focus on responsible sharing and safeguarding of classified information on computer networks; and
requires establishment of an interagency Insider Threat Task Force to develop a Government-wide program (insider threat program) for deterring, detecting, and mitigating insider threats, including the safeguarding of classified information from exploitation, compromise, or other unauthorized disclosure, taking into account risk levels, as well as the distinct needs, missions, and systems of individual agencies.
EO 13629 – Establishing the White House Homeland Security Partnership Council (5pp | 315kb | PDF) (October 26, 2012). This Executive Order:
establishes "a White House Homeland Security Partnership Council (Council) to foster local partnerships—between the Federal Government and the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, foundations, community-based organizations, and State, local, tribal, and territorial government and law enforcement—to address homeland security challenges;"
directs the Council to "promote homeland security priorities and opportunities for collaboration between Federal Government field offices and State, local, tribal, and territorial stakeholders;"
directs the Council to "advise and confer with State, local, tribal, and territorial stakeholders and agencies interested in expanding or building local homeland security partnerships;"
directs the Council to "raise awareness of local partnership best practices that can support homeland security priorities;"
directs the Council to "as appropriate, conduct outreach to representatives of the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, foundations, community-based organizations, and State, local, tribal, and territorial government and law enforcement entities with relevant expertise for local homeland security partnerships, and collaborate with other Federal Government bodies; and"
directs the Council to "convene an annual meeting to exchange key findings, progress, and best practices."
EO 13636 – Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity (8pp | 325kb | PDF) (February 12, 2013). This Executive Order:
sets the "policy of the United States Government to increase the volume, timeliness, and quality of cyber threat information shared with U.S. private sector entities so that these entities may better protect and defend themselves against cyber threats;"
orders the establishment of a process to rapidly disseminate unclassified reports of cyber threats to the U.S. homeland that identify a specific targeted entity;
expands the Enhanced Cybersecurity Services program, a voluntary information sharing program, to all critical infrastructure sectors to provide classified cyber threat and technical information;
coordinates agency activities under this order with senior agency officials for privacy and civil liberties to "ensure that privacy and civil liberties protections are incorporated into such activities;"
bases privacy and civil liberties protections on "the Fair Information Practice Principles and other privacy and civil liberties policies, principles, and frameworks as they apply to each agency's activities;"
orders an annual assessment of privacy and civil liberties risks by the DHS Chief Privacy Officer and the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties;
directs the development of a Cybersecurity Framework to reduce cyber risks to critical infrastructure, which shall include a set of standards, methodologies, procedures, and processes that align policy, business, and technological approaches and shall incorporate voluntary consensus standards and industry best practices to the fullest extent possible.
Source: Page created by the DHS/Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties and the DHS/Privacy Office in cooperation with the DOJ, Office of Justice Programs. Last date legal reviewed: 08/10/13
Report: NSA broke into Yahoo, Google data centers
NSA Broke Into Yahoo, Google Data Centers: Report
NSA Reportedly Broke Into Google, Yahoo Data Centers
NSA Has Hacked Google, Yahoo: Report
Tags: Data center, Edward Snowden, EO 12333, EO 13526, GCHQ, Google, NSA, UK, United States, Yahoo
Snapchat's unopened messages can be shared with police
Filed under: Collection of Personal Data, Crossroads News : Changes In The World Around Us And Our Place In It, Invasion Of Privacy I, IT, New Technology, Security, Social Networks — 1 Comment
NBC News Technology
Helen A.S. Popkin NBC News
The reputation of Snapchat as an "ephemeral" photo messaging service took another blow Monday, when the app let it be known that it can — and will — share your snaps and (newly introduced) "stories" with the cops. There are two conditions, though: The snaps can't have been opened by the recipient yet, and law enforcement needs to have a warrant. And while 350 million snaps are now sent every day, Snapchat has turned over unopened snaps to law enforcement "about a dozen times," since May 2013, according to a company blog post.
Civilians can use several methods (as well as a new app called Snaphack) to save snaps, which are designed to disappear 30 seconds after opening, both from the recipient's mobile device and from Snapchat's own servers. The app company says as much in its privacy policy. "We cannot guarantee that deletion always occurs within a particular time frame. We also cannot prevent others from making copies of your Snaps (e.g., by taking a screenshot)."
New app saves Snapchat photos & videos
Snapchat admits handing over private messages to law enforcement
Snapchat says it's handed over 'about a dozen' unopened messages to law enforcement
Snapchat Can Turn Over Unopened Snaps to Law Enforcement
Startup Watch: @Snapchat's unopened 'snaps' can be seized by the police, by @DaraKerr http://t.co/bhHfHog1O0
There's Now A Way To Save All The Snapchats You Get And Re-Open Them Any Time You Want
Tags: Electronic Communications Privacy Act, Facebook, Law Enforcement, Snapchat, Twitter


text:
Visit to NBA Warriors Arena
20/20 Blog
Dr. Vinit Mahajan spoke on Personalized Proteomics in Eye Disease at Stanford's annual "In Your Court" gathering of community physicians held at the NBA Warrior's Oracle Arena.
Physician networking was the highlight, but an added bonus was touring the Warriors' locker room and playing on the same court as Stephen Curry and Kevin Durant. Prior to the lecture, Mahajan sunk his first shot (and missed the next 5).
Jim Barnett (above left), former Oakland Warrior player and current Warriors' television analyst, greeted physicians and showed off the NBA championship trophies.
Other talks of the night included "Stanford Neurosurgery Simulation and 3D Virtual Reality Center" given by Gary Steinberg M.D., Ph.D., "Car-T cells for Lymphoma" given by David Miklos M.D., Ph.D. (above right), and "Impact of Alcohol, Fatty Liver, and Hepatitis C Virus on Liver Transplantation in the United States—An Eye-Opener" given by Aijaz Ahmed M.D.