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John and Joanne
Jazz Candy
Press/Testimonials
John Monllos Guitarist
Shadow's Dance
Ken Franckling's Jazz Notes
John Monllos, Shadow's Dance , (self-produced)
When you think Newport, it is natural to think jazz because of the granddaddy of all jazz festivals. But is also good to do so becaus e of the Newport-based talent – players who work in and around the coastal resort city year-in, year-out. One such player is guitarist John Monllos, who built his chops in a Newport-based Navy Band, and decided to stick around these parts after his military days were done. Monllos is a versatile, high-energy guitarist whose sound has absorbed quality portions of rock, funk, Latin and contemporary jazz (a la Pat Metheny and Mike Stern, not the jazz smoothies or instrumental popsters). The title track is gorgeous, with very sensual samba-rhythm that blends his acoustic guitar sound with some very nice flute work by reed player Art Manchester, another local deserving wider recognition. There's a wonderful and uncanny Carlos Santana sound on the Monllos original "CSW," the best I've heard by someone other than Santana himself. Not surprising, CSW stands for Carlos Santana Wannabe." Trumpeter Doug Woolverton turns in fine support on "Shadow's Dance" and the funky ballad "Red Wine Girl." Non-originals here include bassist Joe Potenza's "Where the Buses Don't Run," a hot version of Miles Davis's "Nardis" and a tribute to Michael Brecker – on Brecker's composition "African Skies."
Download from I-Tunes
Buy now at CDBaby
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John Monllos
Saturday, July 31, 2021 @ 1:00PM — 5:00PM Sat, Jul 31, 2021 @ 1:00PM — 5:00PM
Shops at Long Wharf, 364 Thames St, Newport, RI 02840
Bring a lawn chair and enjoy the musical afternoon with John and Joanne
Friday, July 16, 2021 @ 6:30PM — 9:30PM Fri, Jul 16, 2021 @ 6:30PM — 9:30PM
Blue Anchor Grill, 506 Park Ave, Portsmouth, RI 02871
Friday, July 2, 2021 @ 6:30PM — 9:30PM Fri, Jul 2, 2021 @ 6:30PM — 9:30PM
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John on Facebook
Music on I-Tunes
Sand Trap 4:27
I Thought About You 4:46
Shadow's Dance 7:11
Pop the Cork 5:29
Nardis 5:30
Blues Burger 5:40


I arrived in the bay in 2011 and I was last seen in 2015. I accidentally killed someone. Can you guess which Summer Bay character this is?
* I arrived in the bay in 2011 and I was last seen in 2015.
* I was in an abusive relationship.
* I had a pregnancy scare at 16.
* I had five relationships while in the Bay.
* I accidentally killed someone.


HealyCM was founded in early 2006 to provide construction management, administration and consulting services to owners and design professionals. The firm was founded on the principle that each client should receive nothing less than the highest level of service, regardless of the size or complexity of the project.
HealyCM works hard to provide practical solutions in the management and construction of each project, in order to bring the project in on schedule, within budget, and with the highest possible level of quality. The primary objective is the satisfaction of the client, with the goal of fostering long-term relationships.
For project owners, HealyCM has the experience to provide full service construction management for large commercial, industrial and public projects, while maintaining the flexibility to provide on-call services to assist on smaller projects. HealyCM becomes a member of the owner's team, acting as an extension of the owner's own staff with the same motivation for the success of the project.
For design professionals, HealyCM provides the opportunity to supplement the firm's resources without contributing to the firm's customary overhead cost. Services can be provided on a project basis or as needed to balance the firm's in-house project workload.


text:
James Young and Co
Revision as of 15:03, 13 August 2020 by Ait (talk | contribs)
October 1949. James Young's Sedanca.
October 1949. James Young's Sedanca. Reg No. JY 1950.
of London Road, Bromley, Kent, coachbuilders
1860 Business taken on by J. K. Hunter presumably in Addiscombe, from his widowed mother.
Business acquired by James Young (presumably in the 1890s after he had moved to England) and continued by his son Joseph Orr Young
Coachbuilder for Rolls-Royce and Bentley.
WWII Manufactured parts for the De Havilland Mosquito
1956 Company name James Young Ltd.
1961 Subsidiary of Jack Barclay
1963 Motor Show exhibitor. Coachwork for Rolls-Royce and Bentley [1]
Retailer under Jack Barclay for Rolls-Royce and Bentley
By 1968 was part of Dutton-Forshaw Group[2]
↑ 1963 Motor Show
Mosquito by C. Martin Sharp and Michael J. F. Bowyer. Published by Crecy Books in 1995. ISBN 0-947554-41-6
Retrieved from "https://blog.gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=James_Young_and_Co&oldid=1190550"
Town - Bromley
Carriage Builder
Coachbuilders - Automotive

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Have you thought about creating videos for your business but have no idea how to get started? In this seminar, you'll learn why video marketing can be your best lead generation tool in 2019. It is simple to get started and you will learn the exact technique and equipment you need (it's as easy as using your smartphone).


text:
Q: Stuck at one simple PHP UPDATE table, UPDATE just do nothing This code is just refreshing my page. I cant see any errors. Maybe someone else can see the error here in code? I have the same code in two other pages and they do UPDATE.
The code below is in one page:

<?php
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if(mysqli_query($query3, $sql)){
echo "
<!DOCTYPE html>

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}
else{
echo "Не успешен запис, свържете се с администратора $query3. " . mysqli_error($query);
}
}
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$sql2="select * from teltur where id='$id'";
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$query2=mysqli_fetch_array($query1);
?>

Редакция на телефони Турция

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A: Yeah im so stupid, i missed to name the Submit button.
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Changed to this code: <input type="submit" name="submit" value="ЗАПИС" />
I spend tree hours and after make a post here i found it by my self.
Can some one just delete this thread?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
WRBB Sports Extra
Tag: ben wight
2020–21 CAA Preview: William and Mary Tribe
Last Season: 21–11 (13–5, second place CAA), Lost to Elon in CAA Quarterfinal
Head Coach: Dane Fischer (second season)
Preseason Poll Projected Finish: 10th
Departures — ppg/rpg/apg (fg% / 3fg% / ft%)
G Bryce Barnes —8/3/3 (45/33/73)
G Tyler Hamilton — 3/3/1 (35/27/79)
F Nathan Knight — 21/11/2 (52/31/77)
F Andy Van Vliet — 13/9/2 (46/36/67)
G Jihar Williams — 2/1/1/ (29/17/25)
G Yuri Covington
G Connor Kochera (McDonald's All-American nominee)
G Jake Milkereit (Top 20 player in his class in Texas, via Rivals.com)
G Kurt Samuels Jr.
By Peyton Doyle
The Tribe came into last year hoping to take advantage of its frontcourt pairing of Andy Van Vliet and Nathan Knight, and the two did not disappoint. They combined to average 33 points per game and helped their team to a 13–5 conference record, including six straight wins in January. However, William & Mary saw their NCAA tournament hopes fall short as they lost to Elon in the conference quarterfinal, 68–63.
This season will test Dane Fischer's coaching and player development skills as he has to find replacements for three graduated starters, particularly CAA Player of the Year and Defensive Player of the Year Knight, who recently signed with the Atlanta Hawks. Fischer will look to guards Thornton Scott and Luke Loewe to replace some of the playmaking that was lost when point guard and leading assist man Bryce Barnes departed.
Last season Loewe put up 11 points per game on incredible 44 percent three-point shooting. But he was far from the most consistent producer, failing to register double digit points in half the tean's games. Scott, while missing 13 games, led the team in assists per game at 4.4. If Scott stays healthy and solidifies his role as the main facilitator of the offense, it should allow for Loewe to expand upon his scoring.
Fischer will also need redshirt freshman Ben Wight, sophomore Quinn Blair, and sophomore Mehkel Harvey to fill the gaping holes in their frontcourt. Blair played every game last season, but his role will expand this year as he steps into a starting role and picks up offensive slack.
From their incoming class, Fischer could get immediate help from guards Connor Kochera and Jake Milkereit, who could provide key scoring off of the bench.
Defensively, it will be hard to replace the pairing of Knight and Van Vliet in the paint; they averaged 1.5 and 1.3 blocks per game respectively last year and no other player on the roster averaged above 0.4. The Tribe coaching staff may have to get creative with this roster, using smaller and faster units to make up for their lack of size. Their tallest player, Mehkel Harvey, stands at 6'9" but saw only 38 minutes of action last year. They will have to capitalize on speed and work on their switchability now that their twin towers are gone.
Bottom Line: The Tribe may not be as fearsome as they were last season with Knight, Van Vliet, and Barnes, but they could still make a bit of noise. If Fischer can find some production out of his younger forwards to decrease the offensive workload of Loewe and Scott, William & Mary could be a tough opponent to defend. The Tribe still should be able to compete in the CAA and it will be interesting to see how Fischer will move forward with this young team.
andy van vliet ben wight bryce barnes connor kochera dane fischer jake milkereit luke loewe mehkel harvey nathan knight quinn blair thornton scott william and mary basketball
About WRBB Sports
WRBB Sports provides live play-by-play coverage for over 75 Northeastern Huskies basketball, hockey, and baseball games. Read more...
2020–21 Travel Log
Follow along this season as the WRBB team travels across the country to bring you coverage of Northeastern athletics, pre-game, post-game, every game.
Boston College — Chestnut Hill, MA (5 miles)
Old Dominion University — Norfolk, VA (576 miles)
West Virginia University — Morgantown, WV (588 miles)
Hofstra University — Hempstead, NY (219 miles)
University of New Hampshire — Durham, NH (67 miles)
Total distance traveled: 1,455 miles
2020–21 Conference Previews
Men's Hockey East:
UMass Amherst Minutemen
UMass Lowell Riverhawks
Women's Hockey East:
Porter Protects, Murphy and Mueller Match, Aurard Overcomes
Doherty's the Hero as Huskies Win Sixth in a Row
Huskies Put Cougars to Bed
Huskies Domesticate Wildcats, 7–0
Huskies Fry Friars by Four
Archives Select Month January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 July 2020 May 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 July 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 June 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 July 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013
© 2021 WRBB Sports


text:
Trademark Protection and Territoriality Challenges in a Global Economy
Elgar Intellectual Property and Global Development series
Edited by Irene Calboli and Edward Lee
As the modern business world becomes increasingly decentralized and globally focused, traditional interpretations and applications of trademark protection law are facing greater and greater challenges. This is particularly true regarding the principle of trademark territoriality, which holds that trademark rights are bound by the laws of individual nations. This timely volume offers expert analyses of the challenges facing crucial aspects of trademark law from some of the most prominent scholars in the field.
Chapter 1: Introduction: the inevitability of "territoriality challenges" in trademark law
Chapter 2: Protection of well-known marks: a transnational perspective
Chapter 3: Interactivity, territoriality, and well-known marks
Chapter 4: The Pan-American Trademark Convention of 1929: a bold vision of extraterritorial meets current realities
Chapter 5: Marks and more(s): certification in global value chains
Chapter 6: Branding the land: creating global meanings for local characteristics
Chapter 7: Signs beyond borders: moving from commodity to differentiated exports in the coffee industry
Chapter 8: The (avoidable) effects of territorially different approaches to trademark and copyright exhaustion
Chapter 9: Avoiding mutant trademarks: a statutory exclusion for copyrighted accessories to parallel imports
Chapter 10: "La confusion des genres": logos and packaging as copyrighted works
Chapter 11: Territoriality (mis)understood: enforcing well-known foreign marks in the United States
Chapter 12: The curious case of fake Beijing Olympics merchandise
Chapter 13: Trademark enforcement in developing countries: counterfeiting as an externality imposed by multinational companies
Chapter 14: Trademarks, free speech, and ICANN's new gTLD process
Christine Haight Farley
In 1990, the Federal Circuit reaffirmed the principle of territoriality, a central tenet of U.S. and international trademark law. That principle holds that trademark rights are bound by national borders. This non-controversial principle led to a harsh result for a sympathetic plaintiff in Personís Co. v. Christman. Larry Christman, a U.S. citizen and an employee of a sportswear wholesaler, took a business trip to Japan. While there, he visited a Personís Co. clothing store. Christman purchased several items of clothing bearing the Personís logo. When he returned home, he developed a clothing line based on the products he purchased from Personís Co. Many items were copied wholesale. The resulting clothing items were marked with the Personís logo bearing the same globe design used by the Personís Co. Christman obtained a registration for the Personís mark in the U.S. a few years later. During that same period, the Japanese Personís mark had become a well-known mark in Japan. Additionally, Personís Co. was in the process of expanding its business to the U.S., apparently unbeknownst to Christman. Significantly, Christmanís goods made it to market seven months before the Japanese goods, and Christman preceded the Personís Co. to the trademark office. Nevertheless, Personís Co. sought to cancel Christmanís Personís mark based on its prior foreign use, and due to the registrantís bad faith.
Graeme B. Dinwoodie
Graeme W. Austin
PART I: Territorial norms and (global) well-known marks
Marshall A. Leaffer
Leah Chan Grinvald
PART II: Protecting quality and identity in the global economy
Margaret Chon
Doris Estelle Long
Daphne Zografos Johnsson
PART III: Territoriality, exhaustion of rights, and gray market products
Irene Calboli
Mary LaFrance
Pierre-Emmanuel Moyse
PART IV: (National) trademark enforcement challenges
Lee Ann W. Lockridge
Peter K. Yu
Daniel C.K. Chow
PART V: Trademark territoriality and the regulation of cyberspace
Jacqueline Lipton and Mary Wong
International Economic Law, Trade Law


text:
Cairo touristic Attractions | Things to do in the capital of Egypt
Tahrir Square in Cairo
Tahrir Square is one of the most famous and largest and most important Egyptian squares in Cairo, as it has gone through many stages from its inception to the present day, and has witnessed many important historical events in the life of Egypt, and as a result of its historical importance, it has recently undergone a comprehensive development process to become a global tourist destination.
Tahrir Square is the largest field in Cairo, Egypt, at the beginning of its establishment it was named after Ismailia Square, after Khedive Ismail, then the name changed to "Tahrir Square"; it was related to liberation from colonialism in the 1919 revolution and then the name was officially established in the July 23 Revolution in 1952.
The field simulates the Charles de Gaulle square, which houses the Arc de Triumph in the French capital, Paris.
Khedive Ismail was fond of the French capital Paris and even wanted to plan Cairo along the lines of Paris and create a field similar to the Champs-Elysées Square. Indeed, the Khedive Cairo, whose streets converge on a large square, was named the Ismailia Square about Khedive Ismail, whose name later became Tahrir Square.
Tahrir Square symbolized the freedom and steadfastness of the people when it witnessed several confrontations between protesters and the security forces, including the events of the 1919 revolution and the 1935 demonstrations against the English occupation and the bread revolution on January 18 and 19 of 1977, including the revolution of January 25 in 2011, and that revolution ended with the overthrow of the regime The ruler of President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak, who has become a symbol of the demonstrators, their steadfastness, and their freedom.
Millions of Egyptians gathered in Tahrir Square on January 28, 2011, calling for the removal of former President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak from the Presidency of the Republic and taking the headquarters of their revolution until the Vice President announced in an official statement that the President abandoned his post on Friday evening, February 11, 2011, where the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces took over management The country's affairs temporarily for a period of six months. It is worth noting that after Mubarak stepped down, the protesters cleaned and staged a sit-in in the field until the overthrow of the government of Ahmed Shafiq on March 3, 2011.
Tahrir Square is now completely renovated with the placement of one of the masterpieces of ancient Egyptian architecture from Luxor city, an obelisk, and 4 sphinx statues from the avenue of sphinxes which connects the passageway between Luxor Temple and Karnak Temple in Luxor, the cost of the renovation is huge despite the speed of finishing all the works in less than one year.
Karnak Temple | The Largest Egyptian Temple


Earlier today, Schmidt Peterson Motosports co-owners Sam Schmidt and Ric Peterson announced that the team will field an Indianapolis 500 entry for 1995 Indianapolis 500 winner Jacques Villeneuve. An edited selection of key quotes from the announcement is presented here.
[SPM PR] Jacques Villeneuve is slated to make first Indy car start at Indianapolis since his 1995 victory.


text:
Coexistence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation in non-small cell lung cancer: Do we know the treatment sequence?
Vikas T Talreja1, Vanita Noronha1, Amit Joshi1, Vijay Patil1, Abhishek Mahajan2, Kumar Prabhash1
1 Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
2 Department of Radio diagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Vanita Noronha
HBB 304, 3rd Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, - 400 012, Maharashtra
Talreja VT, Noronha V, Joshi A, Patil V, Mahajan A, Prabhash K. Coexistence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation in non-small cell lung cancer: Do we know the treatment sequence?. Cancer Res Stat Treat 2019;2:119-20
Talreja VT, Noronha V, Joshi A, Patil V, Mahajan A, Prabhash K. Coexistence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation in non-small cell lung cancer: Do we know the treatment sequence?. Cancer Res Stat Treat [serial online] 2019 [cited 2020 Jan 19];2:119-20. Available from: http://www.crstonline.com/text.asp?2019/2/1/119/266448
Gainor et al. tested epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase, (ALK), and KRAS in 1683 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and found that no patient had both EGFR and ALK mutations.[1] However, as the depth and breadth of genetic testing increase, the incidence of two or more genetic alterations increases significantly. The Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium tested 1007 lung adenocarcinoma specimens for at least one genomic alteration. They reported that the incidence of two or more gene mutations was as high as 3%, including three cases of ALK and EGFR double-mutations, resulting in an incidence of double EGFR/ ALK mutations of 0.3%.[2] More recent reports have placed the incidence of dual EGFR/ ALK mutations higher at 1.3%[3] to as high as 15.4%.[4] Treatment options for these mutations are known separately at present.
We report the case of a 55-year-old hypertensive non-smoker female patient with a left axillary mass diagnosed to have metastatic adenocarcinoma lung from a biopsy of the axillary node which was positive for CK7, TTF-1, and napsin A. Subsequently, the tumor cells were positive for ALK-1 amplification on immunohistochemistry by D5F3 Ventana antibody clone and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Positron emission tomography confirmed primary lung cancer with thyroid and axillary node metastases. Her serum tumor markers were within normal range; carcinoembryonic antigen test (CEA) was 1 ng/ml, serum CA-15.3 was 21.8 U/ml, serum thyroglobulin level was 0.75 U/ml, serum CA-125 was 10.2 U/ml, and serum CA-19.9 was 8.35 U/ml. TaqMan probe-based endpoint genotyping mutation analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction on the LC 480 II platform was positive for exon 19 EGFR deletion. She was started on crizotinib 250 mg orally twice daily, and her response assessment suggested stable disease with an ill-defined left infrahilar paramediastinal lesion which measured 2.9 cm × 1.9 cm as compared to the previous size of 3.2 cm × 2.4 cm. She has a sustained response which is persisting for 12 months at the time of writing of this article [Figure 1].
Figure 1: Ill-defined soft tissue mass noted in the lower lobe of the left lung (a and c) which post crizotinib suggests a decrease in the size of the mass (b and d)
The demographic characteristics of the patients with dual EGFR/ ALK mutations are broadly similar to those of patients with individual mutations, i.e., there is a prevalence of women, Asians, and never-smokers.[5] Patients with dual EGFR/ ALK mutations may have a more aggressive clinical course, with an increased propensity to early metastases and a higher incidence of brain metastases.[5],[6] These dual-mutated patients have a worse prognosis; Lou et al. reported median survival times of 18.5, 21.3, and 23.7 months (P = 0.06) in 11 double-mutations, 84 EGFR mutations, and 23 ALK-positive patients, respectively, suggesting that the survival time of the double-mutation patients was the shortest. There was a statistically significant difference in the median overall survival of patients with ALK mutation compared to those with dual EGFR/ ALK mutation, hazard ratio (HR), 0.43; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2–0.93; P= 0.03; while there was no significant difference in the overall survival between patients with EGFR mutations and EGFR/ ALK dual-mutations, HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.37–1.35; P= 0.29.[7] Sweis et al.[6] reported that patients with dual-mutations have poor response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Baldi et al.,[8] Sweis et al.,[6] and Kadabur et al.[9] had reported that response to the first-line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is poor and that patients have a better outcome with ALK-directed therapy. In the case report by Galetta et al.,[3] the patient had no response to ALK-directed therapy when used in the third-line setting, after first-line chemotherapy and second-line EGFR oral TKI, whereas Baldi et al.[8] reported a sustained response to an ALK-inhibitor in the third line. Conversely, a case series by Shin et al.[10] reported that therapy with an EGFR TKI may be more efficacious that ALK inhibitors in patients with dual-mutations. Thus, the data in the literature are conflicting. Lo Russo et al. in a study comprising 100 patients with dual EGFR and ALK mutations recommended that ALK TKI may be a reasonable choice for the first-line therapy.[5] Data on the use of concomitant EGFR and ALK-inhibitor therapy are not available, and toxicity may be an issue.
Due to the rarity of this condition, it would be difficult to conduct a randomized study. These case reports provide unique insight into the behavior and outcome of these patients and emphasize the importance of testing patients with NSCLC for all actionable mutations.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Gainor JF, Varghese AM, Ou SH, Kabraji S, Awad MM, Katayama R, et al. ALK rearrangements are mutually exclusive with mutations in EGFR or KRAS: An analysis of 1,683 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013;19:4273-81.
Kris MG, Johnson BE, Berry LD, Kwiatkowski DJ, Iafrate AJ, Wistuba II, et al. Using multiplexed assays of oncogenic drivers in lung cancers to select targeted drugs. JAMA 2014;311:1998-2006.
Galetta D, Catino A, Misino A. Concomitant EGFR mutations/ALK rearrangements: Beyond a simple dual target. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016;5:143-4.
Won JK, Keam B, Koh J, Cho HJ, Jeon YK, Kim TM, et al. Concomitant ALK translocation and EGFR mutation in lung cancer: A comparison of direct sequencing and sensitive assays and the impact on responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Ann Oncol 2015;26:348-54.
Lo Russo G, Imbimbo M, Corrao G, Proto C, Signorelli D, Vitali M, et al. Concomitant EML4-ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer patients: A literature review of 100 cases. Oncotarget 2017;8:59889-900.
Sweis RF, Thomas S, Bank B, Fishkin P, Mooney C, Salgia R. Concurrent EGFR mutation and ALK translocation in non-small cell lung cancer. Cureus 2016;8:e513.
Lou NN, Zhang XC, Chen HJ, Zhou Q, Yan LX, Xie Z, et al. Clinical outcomes of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation, ALK rearrangement and EGFR/ALK co-alterations. Oncotarget 2016;7:65185-95.
Baldi L, Mengoli MC, Bisagni A, Banzi MC, Boni C, Rossi G, et al. Concomitant EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement in lung adenocarcinoma is more frequent than expected: Report of a case and review of the literature with demonstration of genes alteration into the same tumor cells. Lung Cancer 2014;86:291-5.
Kadabur L, Koppaka D, Kanakasetty GB, Usha A, Kuntegowdanahalli LC, Dasappa L, et al. Dual mutations and complex mutations in metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer: A single-institution experience from South India. Indian J Cancer 2017;54:228-30.
[PUBMED] [Full text]
Shin HJ, Kho BG, Kim MS, Park HY, Kim TO, Kim YI, et al. Co-alteration of EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement in non-small cell lung cancer: Case series. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98:e14699.
Talreja VT
Noronha V
Joshi A
Patil V
Mahajan A
Prabhash K


Six60 announce their plans for next summer, and and the news is both massive and groundbreaking. They are going to be the first New Zealand band -ever- to headline at the iconic venue, Western Springs Stadium.
The concert on Saturday 23rd February is the band's singular New Zealand show for summer and fans from all over the country are encouraged to make their plans to come to Auckland sooner rather than later.
If that news wasn't enough, there's more! the all-ages show will also feature a support line-up curated by Six60 of the biggest Kiwi acts right now Drax Project, Sons of Zion, SWIDT and IllBaz.
According to promoter Brent Eccles, there couldn't be a better time for a Six60 show at Western Springs. Singer Matiu Walters says playing a venue like Western Springs is a huge deal for the band and they're in full planning mode to make it an amazing experience for fans.
For their only show this summer, it's an opportunity not to be missed.


16951 people viewed this class.
In this hands-on workshop you will learn to make your own gourmet feta and haloumi. There will also be a demonstration making ricotta cheese. Workshops are hands-on and include detailed class notes and of course taste sampling!!
All workshops are taught by expert trainers from Cheeselinks.
Cheeselinks is a family-owned business with over twenty years experience in the dairy industry. They teach people how to make their own cheeses at home and have a range of products for home cheesemakers.
Charlene Angus is an experienced cheese instructor who conducts many workshops on the Bellarine Peninsula. She enjoys sharing her skills with people who share her love of all things cheesy.
Janet Clayton is the proprietor of Cheeselinks, she is a qualified cheesemaker who has completed her studies at the Artisan Cheesemaking Academy in South Australia. She has conducted many workshops all over Australia but loves to teach here at CERES and at her home in LARA.
Fantastic hands on opportunity to learn about cheese making - the class was full of curious people from diverse backgrounds and ages, andbthe teachers were full if information. The techniques used are completely do-able at home. Glad I did this with a friend because extra hands (and mouths) will be helpful when we next get together for a cheese making day!
Great class, I was surprised at how relatively quick the process is. We all got to take home some feta and haloumi (which were both amazing), and some of us were able to take home some of the leftover whey from the process, which I ended up using to make ricotta (also amazing!). Definitely recommended if you're interested in getting started with your own cheese.


text:
\section{mainpaper}
\noindent\emph{Introduction}---%
The concept of quantum entanglement is at the center of current day physics. While it used to be confined to the realms of quantum information theory, it is now appearing in many other fields. It is used for instance to characterize new phases of matter with topological order~\cite{PhysRevLett.96.110404,PhysRevLett.96.110405}, and it also plays a crucial role as guiding principle in the classical simulation of general quantum many body systems~\cite{RevModPhys.82.277,reviewMPSPEPS,MERAintro}. Furthermore in the context of the holographic principle and quantum gravity there appears to be an intricate connection between entanglement and geometry \cite{2010GReGr..42.2323V,2006PhRvL..96r1602R}. At the same time entanglement lies at the root of the firewall paradox in the quantum behavior of black holes \cite{firewall,braunstein}.

It is hence highly desirable to gain a better understanding of the entanglement structure of quantum field theories. However, as first pointed out in \cite{Buividovich:2008jp}, for gauge theories the concept of entanglement is obscured by their intrinsic non-locality. More formally, the Hilbert space for locally distinct regions is not of tensor product form, which renders the usual rules for computing the entanglement not applicable. While a number of tools have been developed to cope with this computational problem~\cite{Buividovich:2008jp,Donnely,Casini,Aoki:2015gg,Gromov_2014,2015arXiv150908478R,2014arXiv1404.1391R,Ghosh:2015aa,Hung:2015aa}, the physical meaning of entanglement in gauge theories was still unclear.

In this letter, we put forward the operational view on entanglement: for us, the physical entanglement is identified as the \emph{accessible} one. That is, the asymptotic number of EPR-pairs $E_D^{\text{gauge}}$ which can be distilled \cite{PhysRevA.53.2046,wilde2013quantum} per copy from many copies of the lattice gauge theory state by physically allowed local operations in combination with classical communication (LOCC) acting on spatially separated regions of the lattice. We show that from this operational point of view, every pure state is physically undistinguishable from a mixed state if we are only allowed to use local gauge preserving operations. Hence it is the distillable entanglement of this mixed state which is physically relevant. The expression we find for the distillable entanglement in a lattice gauge theory was already identified as being part of the overall mathematical expression for the entanglement entropy in earlier works~\cite{Buividovich:2008jp,Donnely,Casini,Aoki:2015gg,Gromov_2014,2015arXiv150908478R,2014arXiv1404.1391R,Ghosh:2015aa,Hung:2015aa}, however, its operational interpretation was missing so far (but see also the very recent work~\cite{2015arXiv151007455S}, where similar conclusions were reached). Moreover, our results imply that it is the \emph{only} physical sensible definition of entanglement, as it is defined with respect to the physical observables. As such, it adds to recent progresses in understanding the entanglement structure of physical systems obeying superselection rules in operational terms~\cite{VollbrechtWernerSymmetries,PhysRevA.90.062325,PhysRevLett.91.010404,PhysRevLett.92.087904} and can be seen as another instance of the ``think operationally'' paradigm approach to quantum physics~\cite{PhysRevLett.92.107902}.

We illustrate our findings by calculating the physically relevant entanglement for ground states of lattice gauge theories in the weak coupling limit, both for pure gauge theories and for theories involving matter.
Furthermore we show in a perturbative approach how an area law with a topological correction emerges for the distillable entanglement of  $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory with matter and argue that the topological correction is generic for zero-coupling abelian gauge theories with finite groups.

\noindent\emph{Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory}---%
We only briefly review the setup of the Kogut-Susskind (K-S) Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theory~\cite{PhysRevD.11.395,Kogut:1979jp,BaezLGT} in order to extract the relevant facts for us. A more detailed discussion can be found in the Appendix or in the literature~\cite{PhysRevD.11.395,Kogut:1979jp,BaezLGT,Casini,Donnely}. We start with a compact group $G$, as well as with a lattice $(V,L)$ consisting of vertices $v \in V$ that are connected by edges $e \in L$. The gauge degrees of freedom are located on the edges: on each edge $e$ we have a local Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_e \simeq L^2(G)$ on which the group acts by left ($L_e$) and right ($R_e$) multiplication, (Fig.~\ref{fig:1}). The matter degrees of freedom are located on the vertices: on each vertex $v$ the local Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_m$ consists of a representation space of the group $G$, with a certain number of irreducible representations and the local group action $V_v$ defined accordingly. The overall Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ is given by the tensor product of all local ones. In order to define the local gauge transformations, we assign an orientation to each  edge. The local gauge transformation at vertex $v$ is given by the operator $U_v(g)=V_v(g)\otimes_{e\in E^+_v} R_e(g)\otimes_{e \in E^-_v}L_{e}(g)$, where $E^+_v$ (resp. $E^-_v$) denote the sets of all incoming (resp. outgoing) edges of the vertex $v$. The subspace $\mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}}$ of physical states $\ket{\psi}$ is singled out by the constraint $U_v(g)\ket{\psi} = \ket{\psi}$ for all $v \in V$ and $g \in G$. Correspondingly, the algebra $\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H}_{phys})$ of physically allowed operations $O$, consist of all gauge invariant operators on $\mathcal{H}$, that is those operators that obey $ U^+_v(g)O U_v(g)=O$, again for all $v$ and $g$. The non-local character of gauge theories is now manifest: since $U_v(g)$ is not 1-local, having non-trivial support on a vertex $v$ and different edges $e$, the true physical Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}}$ does not decompose in a direct product of local Hilbert spaces. As such, the tensor product structure of the Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ is nothing but a convenient illusion that is used to define the true ``non-local'' Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}}$. But notice that we still have a clear notion of local observables and operations: to each gauge invariant operator $O$ we can assign the spatial region of non-trivial support.

\noindent\emph{Locality and allowed operations}---%
Let us make the non-locality more concrete by considering some bipartition of the full system in a connected spatial region $A$ and its complement $B$, connected by $n$ boundary edges (Fig.~\ref{fig:2}). The structure of the associated local Hilbert spaces $\mathcal{H}_A$, $\mathcal{H}_B$ is most apparent if written in the representation bases corresponding to the gauge transformations crossing the boundary (see the Appendix for more details). Specifically for $A$ we define the basis $\{\ket{\vec{r},\vec{i},\alpha}_A\}$, with $\vec{r}=(r_1,r_2,\ldots,r_n) \in \Lambda^n$, where $\Lambda$ is the set of equivalence classes of irreducible representations of $G$, with the subindex running over the $n$ different boundary lattice vertices $v_b$, and $\vec{i}=(i_1,i_2,\dots, i_n)$ enumerating a basis in the associated representation space. For each $\vec{r}$ the multiplicity space is labelled by  $\alpha$ (which has zero range if $\vec{r}$ does not appear in the basis). In a similar way we can take for $\mathcal{H}_B$ the irreducible representation basis of $\otimes_{v_b} G$ on $B$: $\{\ket{\vec{r},\vec{i},\beta}_B\}$, with the difference that we now label the states according to their transformation under the complex conjugate irreducible representations. The local Hilbert spaces thus have the following direct sum structure:\begin{align}
   \mathcal{H}_A = \oplus_{\vec{r}} \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Ag} \otimes \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Am}\,,\quad\quad \mathcal{H}_B = \oplus_{\vec{r}} \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Bg} \otimes \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Bm}\,,
\label{eq:decompAB} \end{align}
with $\mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Ag}, \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Bg}$ the representation spaces for the irrep $\vec{r}$ corresponding to the group indices $\vec{i}$ and $\mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Am}, \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Bm}$ the multiplicity spaces on $A$ and $B$.

Now, the gauge constraints imply that all physical states have to be maximally entangled between the representation spaces, which amounts to the decomposition
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:decompphyshilbertspace}
  \mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}}= \bigoplus_{\vec{r} \in \Lambda^n} \left(\ket{\phi^{\vec{r}}}_{g AB}\otimes \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Am} \otimes \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Bm}\right) \,,
\end{align}
with $\ket{\phi^{\vec{r}}}_{g AB}=\sum_{\vec{i}}\ket{\vec{i}}_A\ket{\vec{i}}_B/\sqrt{d_{\vec{r}}}$, the maximally entangled state in the representation space $\mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Ag} \otimes \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Bg}$. Here $d_{\vec{r}}=\prod_{v_b}d_{r_{v_b}}$ denotes the dimension of the direct product irrep $\vec{r}$. Notice that for the $A/B$ partition the `inner' and `outer' gauge constraints, for which the gauge transformations $U_v(g)$ only have non-trivial support on either $A$ or $B$, can be considered local. The effect of these constraints is taken into account implicitly by restricting the multiplicity spaces accordingly.  %

\begin{figure}[t]
  \subfloat[]{\label{fig:1}}{\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{figure1}} \qquad
  \subfloat[]{\label{fig:2}}{\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{figure2}}
  \caption{(a) The setting of lattice gauge theory: the action of a gauge transformation $U_v$ is determined by the orientation of the edges. (b) A bipartite cut: the edges along the cut are labeled by irreducible representations $r_1,\ldots,r_6$ of the group action at the 6 different boundary vertices (thick points), giving rise to a direct sum structure. Fixing theses irreducible representations produces a direct product structure on each boundary edge, with one factor lying on the inside and one factor on the outside.}

\end{figure}

It is now evident that indeed $\mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}}\neq\mathcal{H}_A\otimes\mathcal{H}_B$. However, after projecting onto a specific choice of boundary representations $\vec{r}$, the physical Hilbert space is isomorphic to the well-defined tensor product Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Am} \otimes \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Bm}$ separating the region $A$ from its complement $B$.
Since physical operations which are either located in the inside or in the outside of the region $A$ cannot change the superselection sector labeled by $\vec{r}$, they have to commute with the projection $P_{\vec{r}} = \kettbra{\phi^{\vec{r}}}_{g AB}\otimes {\leavevmode\rm 1\mkern -5.4mu I}_{\mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Am}} \otimes {\leavevmode\rm 1\mkern -5.4mu I}_{\mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Bm}} = W_{\vec{r}} W_{\vec{r}}^\dagger$ where the isometry $W_{\vec{r}}=\ket{\phi^{\vec{r}}}_{g AB}\otimes {\leavevmode\rm 1\mkern -5.4mu I}_{\mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Am}} \otimes {\leavevmode\rm 1\mkern -5.4mu I}_{\mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Bm}} $ satisfies $W_{\vec{r}}^\dagger\mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}} \simeq \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Am} \otimes \mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Bm}$.
From an algebraic viewpoint, this implies that the algebra of physical local observables has a non-trivial center, as already pointed out in~\cite{Casini}. We find that the algebra $\mathcal{C}$ of local physical observables for the $A/B$ partition equals
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:physicalcutobservables}
  \mathcal{C} = \bigoplus_{\vec{r} \in \Lambda^{n}} \mathcal{A}_A(\vec{r}) \otimes \mathcal{A}_A(\vec{r})^\prime \subset \mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}})\,,
\end{align}
where $\mathcal{A}_A(\vec{r}) = P_{\vec{r}} \mathcal{A}_A P_{\vec{r}}$ is the projected algebra $\mathcal{A}_A$ of all gauge invariant operators acting on the region $A$ and $\mathcal{A}_A(\vec{r})^\prime$ is the commutant of $\mathcal{A}_A(\vec{r})$, i.e. all operators in $\mathcal{B}(P_{\vec{r}}\mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}})$ which commute with $\mathcal{A}_A(\vec{r})$.
The role of the commutation relation is to ensure locality: as all elements in $\mathcal{A}_A(\vec{r})^\prime$ commute with elements in $\mathcal{A}_A(\vec{r})$ and map physical states to physical states
they correspond to the operations which can be performed by acting only on the outside of the region $A$.

\noindent\emph{Equivalence of pure and mixed states}---%
The structure of gauge theories imply that local operations $O \in \mathcal{C}$ are not only constrained by geometry but also by the gauge constraints. Specifically, exploiting the fact that they commute with the orthogonal projections $P_{\vec{r}}$ as well as using
$\sum_{\vec{r}} P_{\vec{r}}\ket{\psi} = \ket{\psi}$ for $\ket{\psi} \in \mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}}$, we find for the expectation values for elements $O \in \mathcal{C}$ that
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:}
  \Scp{\psi}{O \psi} &=

  \sum_{\vec{r}\in \Lambda^{n}} {\rm Tr}[O P_{\vec{r}} \kettbra{\psi}P_{\vec{r}}] \,.
\end{align}
Therefore physical operations respecting the bipartite cut cannot distinguish between the pure state $\kettbra{\psi}$ and the mixed depolarized state
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:depolarizedstate}
  \sigma^\psi = \sum_{\vec{r}\in \Lambda^{n}} P_{\vec{r}} \kettbra{\psi}P_{\vec{r}}\,.
\end{align}
This implies that from the point of view of a physical experiment, the entanglement of the pure state $\psi$ is irrelevant and only the mixed state $\sigma^\psi$ is physical. We will show that the physically accessible entanglement is indeed the one contained in the latter. That symmetry constraints can lead to such an equivalence of pure and mixed states was first noted in~\cite{PhysRevLett.92.107902}.

\noindent\emph{Main result}---%
As first suggested in \cite{Buividovich:2008jp}, to define a formal bipartite entanglement entropy for an arbitrary physical state $\ket{\psi}\in \mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}}$, one can consider it as a state on the larger local Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}=\mathcal{H}_A\otimes \mathcal{H}_B$
and trace out the subsystem $B$ to get a density matrix $\rho_A=Tr_B\ket{\psi}\bra{\psi}$. As was first shown in \cite{Donnely} for the general nonabelian case, the corresponding von Neumann entropy can then be decomposed as:
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:fullentropy}
  S_A = -{\rm Tr}_{\!A}\rho_A\ln\rho_A = -\sum_{\vec{r}}p_{\vec{r}}\ln \frac{p_{\vec{r}}}{d_{\vec{r}}}+\sum_{\vec{r}}p_{\vec{r}}S_A^{\vec{r}}
\end{align}
with $S_A^{\vec{r}}=-{\rm Tr}\rho_A^{\vec{r}}\ln \rho_A^{\vec{r}}$ the von Neumann entropy of the density matrix on the multiplicity space of the irrep sector $\vec{r}$, $\rho_A^{\vec{r}} = \frac{1}{p_{\vec{r}}} {\rm Tr}_{\mathcal{H}^{\vec{r}}_{Bm}}[W_{\vec{r}}^\dagger \kettbra{\psi}W_{\vec{r}}]$, the normalization given by $p_{\vec{r}} = \Scp{\psi}{P_{\vec{r}}|\psi}$.
However, as discussed before, the pure state $\ket{\psi}$ is physically equivalent to the depolarized mixed state $\sigma^\psi$ and hence for operational purposes such as entanglement distillation, this state has to be considered. As shown below, the fact that the eigenstates of $\sigma^\psi$ can be locally distinguished by acting only on the inside or outside of the region $A$ leads to the following expression of the entanglement of distillation for $\sigma^\psi$,
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:mainresult}
  E_D^{\text{gauge}}(\ket{\psi}) = E_D(\sigma^\psi) = \sum_{\vec{r}}p_{\vec{r}}S_A^{\vec{r}}\,,
\end{align}
which equals the second term in Eq.~\eqref{eq:fullentropy} (see also \cite{2015arXiv151007455S}). Hence it is this term which possesses a clear
operational meaning of the true physical quantum entanglement; and in contrast to previous discussions in the literature we consider the first term to be an artefact of the embedding of the physical Hilbert space~$\mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}}$ into the tensor product space~$\mathcal{H}$.

\noindent\emph{Proof}---%
  The proof is naturally divided into two parts: the statement that this amount of entanglement \emph{can} be extracted (direct part), and the converse statement that \emph{no more} entanglement can be extracted.
  %
  In order to proceed, we first remark that the projected algebra  $\mathcal{A}_A(\vec{r})$ together with its commutan
  spans the algebra of all operators on the projected subspace $P_{\vec{r}}\mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}}$,
    which is equivalent to the already established fact that this subspace decomposes into a tensor product of two Hilbert spaces. This implies that after projecting (and adjusting the normalization) the state $\ket{\psi}$ onto the subspace $P_{\vec{r}}\mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}}$, we are again in the well-known situation of standard quantum information theory: we are given a pure state on a tensor product, and all operations on each tensor factor are allowed local operations. In this case the formula of the entanglement of distillation is given by the entropic expression $S_A^{\vec{r}}$ which also equals the entanglement of formation (that is, the entanglement necessary to asymptotically create the state by local operations and classical communication).
  The direct part then proceeds as follows: Each party first measures with respect to the set of projectors $\{P_{\vec{r}}\}_{\vec{r} \in \Lambda^{n}}$. On average, this brings the state into the form of the depolarized state $\sigma^\psi$ (cf. Eq.~\eqref{eq:depolarizedstate}). Depending on the measurement outcome, each one appearing with probability $p_{\vec{r}}$, they are left with the pure state $\frac{1}{p_{\vec{r}}} P_{\vec{r}} \kettbra{\psi}P_{\vec{r}}$. They then perform the usual entanglement distillation protocol~\cite{PhysRevA.53.2046,wilde2013quantum}, asymptotically yielding $S_A^{\vec{r}}$ amount of entanglement. On average of all outcomes, this gives an asymptotic rate of $\sum_{\vec{r} \in \Lambda^{n}} p_{\vec{r}} S_A^{\vec{r}}$ many ebits.
 For the converse part, it suffices to show that the entanglement cost $E_C^{\text{gauge}}$ of $\sigma^\psi$ --- that is, the asymptotic rate of ebits needed to successfully create many copies of the state by LOCC, a task called \emph{entanglement dilution}~\cite{PhysRevA.53.2046,wilde2013quantum,Hayden_2001} --- equals $\sum_{\vec{r} \in \Lambda^{n}} p_{\vec{r}} S_A^{\vec{r}}$. This follows from $E^{\text{gauge}}_D\leq E^{\text{gauge}}_C$, since otherwise the two parties could interchangeably run the two protocols to create entanglement by LOCC, which is absurd. We start with one party creating the overall state $\kettbra{\psi}$ locally on one side. We proceed to measure with respect to the projections onto boundary representations, sending the value of $\vec{r}$, and conditioned on this measurement result applying the usual entanglement dilution protocol~\cite{PhysRevA.53.2046,wilde2013quantum,Hayden_2001} for the state $\frac{1}{p_{\vec{r}}} P_{\vec{r}} \kettbra{
 \psi}P_{
 \vec{r}}$, asymptotically using up $S_A^{\vec{r}}$ pairs of ebits. On average, this protocol creates the state $\sigma^\psi$ while using $\sum_{\vec{r} \in \Lambda^{n}} p_{\vec{r}} S_A^{\vec{r}}$ many ebits.

 As a side result, we find that both operationally defined measures of entanglement, the distillable entanglement $E_D^{\text{gauge}}$ and the entanglement cost $E_C^{\text{gauge}}$ are equal to each other and given by~\eqref{eq:mainresult} if we restrict to local gauge invariant operations and classical communication.

\noindent\emph{Weak coupling results for pure lattice gauge theories}---%
For a pure lattice gauge theory, the zero-coupling Hamiltonian is given as the sum over all Wilson loops around plaquettes, $ H_0 = -\sum_{\textrm{Plaquettes } p} W_p$,
where for a plaquette $p$ with edges $e=1,2,3,4$, $W_p$ is a projector diagonal in the group basis, projecting onto the states $\ket{g_1,g_2,g_3,g_4}$ for which $\prod_i g_i^{p_i}=e$. Here $e$ stands for the group identity element and $p_i=+1$ for a clockwise orientation of the edge $i$ along the plaquette and $p_i=-1$ for a counterclockwise orientation. As $W_p$ is gauge invariant, the zero-coupling ground state $\ket{\psi_0}$ is given by applying the projector $\mathcal{Q}_{\mathcal{H}_{\text{phys}}}=\sum_{\vec{r}}P_{\vec{r}}$ on the product state with all edge states initialized to the group identity.

For abelian groups the ground state of $H_0$ has no distillable entanglement. For concreteness, consider a $\mathbb{Z}_2 = \{e,x\}$ zero-coupling gauge theory, also called the Toric code \cite{kitaev03}, where we take $R(x) = L(x) = \sigma_x$. The corresponding plaquette term $W_p$ is given by $1/2(\mathbb{I}^{\otimes 4} + \sigma_z^{\otimes 4})$. The ground state of $H_0$ is then simply the equal weight superposition of all closed loop configurations of $|-\rangle$ states on the edges, where $\sigma_x|-\rangle = -|-\rangle$. The projectors $P_{\vec{r}}$ now simply project the boundary edges into a particular configuration of $|+\rangle$ and $|-\rangle$ states. The resulting state $W_{\vec{r}} \ket{\psi_0}$ is easily seen to be a product state $\ket{\phi_{Am}}\otimes\ket{\phi_{Bm}}$, from which we conclude that the distillable entanglement is zero. This argument is readily generalized to arbitrary abelian groups (and even to twisted versions of $H_0$ \cite{DijkgraafWitten,twistedQD} such as the double semion model).

We remark that abelian theories already show that the distillable entanglement does not satisfy strong subadditivity~\cite{SSA,2015arXiv151102671M}, and even fails to fulfill subadditivity: A simple example is a state for a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-abelian gauge theory which is in a superposition of having two closed loops, one crossing the boundary between two regions $A$ and $B$ and one outside of both, and no loops. Operations either located inside $A$ or $B$ cannot detect the loop crossing the boundary --- which implies that the entanglement distillable between the regions $A$ or $B$ and their complements is the same as for the states with no loops present: zero. On the contrary, operations located in the union $A \cup B$ \emph{can} detect the loop present and hence can exploit the entanglement between the loops inside and outside of $A \cup B$. This example can be amplified to yield a violation of subadditivity scaling with the area of the boundary between $A$ and $B$. The violation can be traced back to the fact that for every choice of a bipartite cut, the center of the observable algebra chances, implying a different depolarization map for different cuts.

Let us now calculate the distillable entanglement in the ground state for nonabelian theories at zero coupling.
For these,
we find that the reduced density matrix has flat spectrum with respect to representation basis $\ket{\vec{r},\vec{i},\alpha}$, and for fixed $\vec{r}$ the rank is given by the number $N^1_{\vec{r}}$ of inequivalent ways the representations $\vec{r}$ can fuse to the scalar one (see the Appendix for details).
This gives a distillable entanglement \eqref{eq:mainresult} of
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:nonabelian}
    E_D^{\text{gauge}}(\ket{\psi_0}) =\frac{1}{|G|^{n-1}}\sum_{\vec{r} \in \Lambda^n} d_{\vec{r}}N^1_{\vec{r}}\log N^1_{\vec{r}}\,.
\end{align}
For abelian groups $N_{\vec{r}}=0,1$ and we find $E_D^{\text{gauge}}(\ket{\psi_0})=0$ consistent with the derivation above, for nonabelian groups $N_{\vec{r}}\neq 0,1$ for some $\vec{r}$, implying a nonzero distillable entanglement already at zero coupling.

\noindent\emph{Theories with matter}--- Let us now consider the distillable entanglement of a globally symmetric matter state $|\psi_{\text{mat}}\rangle$ after gauging. For simplicity we restrict to abelian groups. Before gauging, the entanglement entropy of the matter state after tracing out $B$ is given by $S(\rho_A) = H(p_r) + \sum_r p_r S(\rho^A_r)$, where $p_r = \langle\psi_{\text{mat}}|\Pi^A_r| \psi_{\text{mat}}\rangle$ is the probability of measuring total charge $r$ in $A$, $H(p_r)$ is the Shannon entropy of $\{p_{r}\}$,  and $p_r\rho^A_r = {\rm Tr}_B\left(\Pi^A_r|\psi_{\text{mat}}\rangle\langle \psi_{\text{mat}}|\Pi^A_r \right)$. Analogous to the case of local gauge constraints, the restriction to symmetric operations implies that the state is again equivalent to a depolarized mixed state $\sigma^{\psi_{\text{mat}}}$, and the  entanglement distillable by symmetric operations of the matter state is given by the second term $\sum_r p_r S(\rho^A_r)$. For this argument to hold it is important that when we consider multiple copies in order to implement the distillation protocol, we demand that the symmetry conditions hold for each copy simultaneously, not only just for all copies at once, because otherwise also the first term is distillable~\cite{Schuch_2008}.

 We can now apply the procedure of Ref.~\cite{gaugingpaper} to obtain the gauged state $|\psi_{g,\text{mat}}\rangle$ in the zero coupling limit: $|\psi_{g,\text{mat}}\rangle = \mathcal{G}|\psi_{\text{mat}}\rangle$, with $\mathcal{G}$ an isometry called the \emph{gauging map} that maps to the Hilbert space containing both matter and gauge degrees of freedom on the vertices and edges respectively. In order to compute the distillable entanglement after gauging, we note that in the abelian case, upon projecting onto one superselection sector $P_{\vec{r}}$, the gauging map decomposes into a tensor product of isometries $P_{\vec{r}}\mathcal{G} = \mathcal{G}^A_{\vec{r}} \otimes \mathcal{G}^B_{\vec{r}}$ (taking the normalization into account). Hence the depolarized state $\sigma^{\psi_{g,\text{mat}}}$ can be prepared starting from $\sigma^{\psi_{\text{mat}}}$ by LOCC which implies that $E_D(|\psi_{\text{mat}}\rangle) \geq E_D^{\text{gauged}}(|\psi_{g,\text{mat}}\rangle)$. However, again by the fact that with respect to each sector the gauging map is a tensor product of local observables, each local symmetric operator on the matter Hilbert space can be mapped to a local gauge invariant operation~\cite{gaugingpaper} which in turn yields the other inequality $E_D(|\psi_{\text{mat}}\rangle) \leq E_D^{\text{gauged}}(|\psi_{g,\text{mat}}\rangle)$. We find that for abelian theories in the zero-coupling limit the distillable entanglement after gauging is the same as that of the original matter state, if we restrict in this case to symmetric operations (see the Appendix for the detailed argument).

 For an illustration of how matter degrees can change the value of the physical entanglement content, we consider a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory. For a zero hopping term between the matter degrees of freedom, we are effectively in the pure abelian gauge case, with a zero distillable entanglement. Turning on the hopping term induces a positive distillable entanglement. For small interaction strength $\varepsilon$ and large boundary area $\partial A$ we find using perturbation theory (see the Appendix for details):
\begin{align}
  E_D^{\text{gauge}} \approx \partial A\,H(\cos^2(\varepsilon),\sin^2(\varepsilon)) - \log(2)\,.
\end{align}
Hence the physically accessible entanglement obeys an area law featuring the same topological correction as the full entanglement entropy, a fact we expect to hold for arbitrary finite abelian groups and generic translation invariant Hamiltonians at zero gauge coupling (see the Appendix for an argument).

\noindent\emph{Conclusions}---%
We addressed the issue of entanglement for lattice gauge theories from an operational standpoint.
As we have shown, it is the entanglement in the multiplicity spaces of the local gauge constraints that can indeed be distilled by an LOCC protocol. Interestingly, the distillable entanglement violates subadditivity. Moreover, we calculated its value for zero-coupling gauge theories -- abelian and nonabelian, with and without matter. We stress that our general results are valid both for discrete lattice gauge spin systems and for relativistic gauge quantum field theories that are regulated by a spatial lattice formulation\footnote{In the latter case for infinite groups $|G|\rightarrow \infty $ one can regularize the local edge Hilbert spaces, either by considering a finite subgroup, or by truncating the allowed irreducible representations $r$.} \cite{PhysRevD.11.395,Kogut:1979jp,BaezLGT}.

One of the motivations for this letter was the firewall paradox \cite{firewall,braunstein} that crucially hinges on the violation of the monogamy of entanglement on a local Hilbert space. It should be interesting to reformulate the paradox for gauge field theories in light of our results.

During the completion of this work, we became aware of the recent contribution~\cite{2015arXiv151007455S}, that has a partial overlap with our results.

\noindent\emph{Acknowledgements}---%
We acknowledge inspiring discussions with David Dudal and Henri Verschelde and thank C.-T.~Ma for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through grants ViCoM and FoQuS and the EC through grants QUTE and SIQS. J.H. and M.M. are supported by the FWO.

\onecolumngrid

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Snyder makes reappointments to State Council for Interstate Adult Offender Supervision
Monday, Nov. 24, 2014
LANSING, Mich. – Gov. Rick Snyder today announced the reappointments of Joseph Burke, of Ann Arbor, John Rubitschun, of Okemos, and Cheri Arwood, of St. Johns, to the State Council for Interstate Adult Offender Supervision.
The five-member commission guides the transfer of offenders in a manner that promotes effective supervision strategies consistent with public safety, offender accountability, and victims' rights.
"These appointees are all valuable assets to the council and I am thankful they are continuing to serve," Snyder said.
Burke is the judge for the 15th District Court. He previously served as the chief assistant prosecuting attorney for Washtenaw County and worked in private practice. Burke earned a bachelor's degree in social science from Michigan State University and a degree from Cooley Law School. He continues to represent the judicial branch.
Rubitschun retired as the deputy director of field operations and administration for the Michigan Department of Corrections. He currently serves as an adjunct professor for the Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice. Rubitschun served as chair of and an administrative law judge for the Michigan Parole Board. He serves on the rules and compliance committees with the national office for interstate adult offender supervision. Rubitschun earned a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in criminal justice from Michigan State University and a degree from Cooley Law School. He continues to represent the compact administrator.
Arwood is the executive administrator to the Legal Division of Gov. Rick Snyder. She continues to represent the executive branch.
Appointees will serve four-year terms to expiring Oct. 31, 2018. Their appointments are not subject to the advice and consent of the Senate.
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So you've finished university equipped with your degree, but what's next? Applying for your first job can be a scary process, but with these five tips you can stand out in a crowd of interviewees and land your first job.
Internships and work experience are an excellent way to get your foot in the door of an organisation, while learning some invaluable skills to get a head start on your career. They can also be beneficial in proving your worth to the company through your hard work, which can lead to fulltime employment.
Applying the knowledge you learnt throughout your studies out in the field is a great way to start advancing your career, while receiving invaluable work experience.
AIFST will be exploring further ways in which we can assist and support our members with greater access to such opportunities, as it is particularly crucial for those entering the workforce, or looking to move into another industry path.
If there is a particular organisation you can imagine yourself working at, it is always a good idea to acquaint yourself with that organisation before applying for a job with them or having an interview.
Having some common knowledge about the organisation, such as what brands / products / services they produce, is a great way to show the interviewer your knowledge and enthusiasm.
There are a number of certifications you can obtain to continue your professional development in the food industry, such as HACCP and the Food Handlers Certificate Course. Many employers may pay for you to undertake these courses, although if you are applying for jobs where these certifications will be required, it is a bonus if you already have it.
Additionally, AIFST offers a number of workshops and courses in the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) program that will equip you with vital industry skills and knowledge, not only at the beginning of your career, but also throughout it. AIFST also works in collaboration with IFT to deliver the global Certified Food Scientist program, which was launched two years ago and is building its recognition within the food industry.
Listing that you are a member of an industry organisation on your resume is a great way to set yourself apart from your competitors. Making the effort to join an organisation shows you are committed and passionate about your career and the specific industry. Keeping abreast of industry trends and latest news is crucial within any industry you work.
Students also have a discounted membership fee to AIFST, so it's always great to apply while you're in university to start benefiting and advancing your career even before graduating.
Get to know your peers and network!
Get out there and meet people. Whether it is at socialising events, attending workshops and courses or at Conventions, networking with others in the food industry can open many doors for your career. Ultimately, having the right conversation with the right person can connect you with your ideal job or candidate.
By attending events such as AIFST branch and community of interest social events, the annual AIFST Convention, and CPD workshops, you can meet a diverse range of food industry professionals. Events such as these are a great chance to get out there and meet these professionals who are more likely to then remember your face on an interview panel.


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Home / News / Security in DC is beefed up further after Capitol Police receive intelligence of a militia plot to breach the Capitol by far-right group Three Percenters on Thursday - the day QAnon loyalists believe Trump will be made president again
Security in DC is beefed up further after Capitol Police receive intelligence of a militia plot to breach the Capitol by far-right group Three Percenters on Thursday - the day QAnon loyalists believe Trump will be made president again
Security in Washington D.C. is being beefed up even further after Capitol police received intelligence that militia group the Three Percenters could be plotting to breach the Capitol this Thursday, March 4.
Cop sources told FOX 5 that Capitol officers were issued with an intelligence bulletin on Tuesday warning of a militia plot that specifically mentioned the far-right group.
Members of the Three Percenters are among the rioters accused of breaching the Capitol on January 6 as part of a Make America Great Again mob.
This Thursday is predicted by followers of the QAnon conspiracy theory to be the day that Donald Trump will take power again, returning to D.C. to be inaugurated as president once more.
It emerged as a new source of hope for QAnon loyalists after the original theory that Trump would win the 2020 election fell apart.
Members of the National Guard are seen at the US Capitol Building on Tuesday. Security in D.C. has been beefed up as intelligence emerged of a threat from the Three Percenters, who may be planning to breach the Capitol on Thursday
Members of the National Guard enter a gate in temporary security fencing near the U.S. Capitol on Tuesday. The Capitol is being guarded by almost 5,000 troops ahead of March 4 as Capitol cops receive word of a threat from the 3%ers
This Thursday is predicted by followers of the QAnon conspiracy theory to be the day that former President Donald Trump (pictured on Sunday) will take power again and return to Washington D.C. for his inauguration
Police sources told Fox that they have now had vacation and days off canceled for the coming week as D.C. prepares to combat the threat posed by the new theory.
Capitol police had announced earlier on Tuesday that they had been made aware of 'concerning information and intelligence pertaining to March 4th' and were increasing security as a result.
The statement added that 'based on the intelligence that we have, the Department has taken immediate steps to enhance our security posture and staffing for a number of days, to include March 4th'.
The Capitol is being guarded by almost 5,000 troops ahead of Thursday and US Capitol Police requested 4,900 National Guard troops remain in the nation's capital until at least March 12.
For some soldiers, this means it is almost two months since they were first drafted in to the city following the MAGA mob riot on January 6 where Trump supporters broke into the Capitol in a violent riot that left five dead.
A member of the National Guard guards the Captiol on Tuesday. Some members have been stationed there for two months
US Capitol Police said it was award of the threat on March 4 in a statement earlier on Tuesday
People walk past a section of fencing blocking the Capitol grounds on Monday as securoty is increased
The U.S Capitol Building behind temporary security fencing as members of the National Guard walk by on Tuesday
National Guard patrol a section of fencing blocking the Capitol grounds as they prepare for a potential breach plot
It comes as the Michigan National Guard has blown the whistle on sub-par food being fed to troops that has caused more than a dozen soldiers on deployment to become ill.
March 4 is important for QAnon conspirators because it was the former inauguration date of the country before the 20th Amendment moved it up to its current date in January.
It was moved to lessen the time of a 'lame duck' presidency.
QAnon followers believe that Trump will rally and return to the Capitol on Thursday, where he will be sworn in again.
Forbes reports that room rates at Trump's D.C. hotel for the nights of March 3 and March 4 have spiked and far exceed the typical rates.
A king deluxe room, for example, is going for $1,331 per night, which is 180 percent above the base rate of the hotel.
Other hotels in the area are not making the same price increases for the coming nights.
'Raising room prices will surely be interpreted by QAnon as Trump's support for the March 4 narrative,' said Jason Blazakis, senior fellow at the Soufan Center, a nonpartisan think tank.
'They absolutely try to interpret the words and actions of President Trump very carefully.
According to Fox, there is speculation that March 20 - the day the Republican party came to life in 1834 - and April 15 - federal income tax day - may also pose a threat.
A memo from acting House Sergeant at Arms Timothy Blodgett claims that some of the threat for March 4 has diminished, Fox reports, despite the bulletin naming the Three Percenters.
The right-wing group is a loosely organized movement that claims it isn't an anti-government militia but 'we will defend ourselves when necessary.'
The Three Percenters derives its name from the belief that just 3% of the colonists rose up to fight the British. They have vowed to resist any government that infringes on the U.S. Constitution.
The Capitol was the site of a pro-Trump insurrection on January 6 that left five dead, including a Capitol police officer.
The mob believed Trump's false claims that the election was 'rigged' and 'stolen' from him.
Members of the National Guard near the U.S. Capitol perimeter that is surrounded by security fencing due to a potential militia plot to preach the building again on March 4, on what used to be the presidential Inauguration Day
Members of the National Guard at the U.S. Capitol where many of them have been stationed for two months
The Capitol is being guarded by almost 5,000 troops ahead of Thursday and US Capitol Police requested 4,900 National Guard troops remain in the nation's capital until at least March 12. Members of the National Guard pictured on Tuesday
U.S. National Guard soldiers patrol outside the Hart Senate Office Building on Tuesday. The news of the threat emerged Tuesday as further details emerged of the sub=par conditions being suffered by the National Guard at the Capitol
According to Fox, there is speculation that March 20 - the day the Republican party came to life in 1834 - and April 15 - federal income tax day - may also pose a threat as the National Guard are called on to remain until at least March 12
Defense Secretary thanks National Guard for protecting Capitol
Even after leaving the White House, and his suspension from favorite social media platform Twitter, Trump has continued to push the unfounded allegations.
During his remarks at CPAC on Sunday, he mentioned the possibility of winning for 'a third time' if he chooses to run for president again. It suggested that he had won in 2020 and could run again in 2024.
QAnon beliefs have rarely been validated by the realities that have unfolded around the conspiracy's followers.
As well as believing Trump will return as president this Thursday, they think the former president is working against Satanic members of Hollywood and the Democratic Party who are running a pedophile ring, which led to the infamous Pizzagate incident.
They also believe John F. Kennedy Jr. is still alive and that COVID-19 is a conspiracy that was invented to hurt Trump's reelection chances.
Members of the Three Percenters have been among those charged with involvement in the January 6 Capitol riot.
Members of the Three Percenters have been among those charged with involvement in the January 6 Capitol riot, pictured
Security was upped around the Capitol after a MAGA mob stormed the building on January 6, pictured
According to a George Washington University study published on Tuesday, rioters included members of military networks, military 'clusters,' and 'inspired believers'. Pictured, rear gas is released into a crowd of rioters on January 6
Capitol is on high alert amid Qanon conspiracy theory
According to a George Washington University study published on Tuesday, rioters included members of military networks, military 'clusters,' and 'inspired believers'.
Of the later group, they 'arranged their own travel, accommodations, and other logistics to join the crowds in Washington from areas throughout the United States,' according to the report.
'Charging documents claim that many of the more-organized individuals that participated in the siege were affiliated with nationwide anti-government militia movements, specifically the Oath Keepers and the Three Percenters. Both groups operate as umbrella organizations for dozens of militias throughout the country,' according to the group.
They 'arranged their own travel, accommodations, and other logistics to join the crowds in Washington from areas throughout the United States,' the report added.
Larry47460 3 March 2021 at 09:54
Epstein GUILTY zioTrumpy and Q didnt save ya! in fact Trump INSTALLED Sessions, Barr and Wray when WE all KNEW what deep state GARBAGE THEY WERE AND ARE! Some 4D CHESS PLAYER. Dont fall for it AGAIN.. Trump serves our ENEMY in Tel Aviv that DID 911, Epstein and ISIS NOT US!Sadly Epstein Trump is the SAME SWAMP we've always had. Neither Barr nor Durham even INVESTIGATED according to Tom Fitton of Judicial Watch. ARM TO THE TEETH WHILE YOU CAN. YOU ARE AT WAR! ACT ACCORDINGLY!
world-peace-society 4 March 2021 at 00:17
I bet they will all arrive in Noah's ark?


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The swimming formula – science explains how to go faster
Training & Technique
Written by: Giorgio Gatta at 28 March '17 0
You are reading: The swimming formula – science explains how to go faster
v = (Pm*Ep)/D
At first this strange formula would appear to have nothing to do with swimming in a pool, but science tells us that a swimmer's speed is studied and measured based on these letters; just for fun, let's try and interpret them and we will see they have something to teach us.
(v) SPEED
v stands for swim speed and so we are talking about the average distance travelled over a set period of time; to make that clearer, if somebody swims 100 metres freestyle in a minute, they will cover 1.666 metres per second or travel at 6 km/h, which would be considered a good walking speed on dry land, but is close to the speed of a small motor boat in the water..
However, it is difficult to talk about average speed in swimming, because the power coming from a swimmer's limbs makes them move forward in continual "accelerations and decelerations" and… if we take into consideration, for example, the start and turns, their top speed is over double their average speed in a race. This explains why a swimmer has just one goal in a race: "to slow down as little as possible".
(Pm) MECHANICAL POWER
Pm (mechanical power) is the power a swimmer "exerts" in the water. In this case, it is only logical to make comparisons with a machine. Power determines the amount of energy that can be used over a set length of time; this involves our muscles and their ability to contract into one single effort or a series of repeated efforts, i.e. the number of arm and leg movements performed in a race.
When swimming freestyle with an arm turnover rate of approximately 50 strokes per minute and up to 6 times that number of leg kicks travelling at an average speed of around 2 m/s, our engine can work at a power of approximately 500/800 W, which, in theory, could light a neon bulb for 4 hours or an energy-saving bulb for 40 hours.
(Ep) PROPELLING EFFICIENCY
Ep (propelling efficiency) is a measure of a swimmer's technique. It is a biomechanical parameter, which, in hydraulics, is used to assess how well a machine works. For example, it is used to test whether a certain size of propeller is ideal for driving a given boat along at maximum speed or whether a paddle, oar or fin has the right surface area to propel a flow of water at the right speed.
The underlying principle is quite simple: if an oar propels water at a certain speed and the boat travels at the same speed, the oar is said to be working at maximum efficiency or, in other words, 100% with no wastage. But 100% efficiency is impossible in water, because the fluid in question is not in a compressible state and does not offer much resistance. Even fish, which have evolved to attain the highest levels of adaptation to their environment, cannot exceed 90% swimming efficiency.
So, what about humans?
Well, it is safe to say that we are rather disappointing swimmers…….. A human being's propelling efficiency is just 50%. This means that half of the exertion involved in swimming drives a person forward and the other half….. is wasted on pushing water behind them! Considered in these terms, it would seem that, at the beginning of the evolution of the species, man was not an aquatic creature. However, even though from this viewpoint things are not very encouraging, let's try and see the glass half full: there is definitely an enormous amount of room for improving our technique; not surprisingly, world records keep on falling at a staggering rate, particularly when we consider how infrequently world records are beaten in athletics!
If a swimmer with average technical efficiency (i.e. 50%) capable of swimming 100 m freestyle in 59 seconds (at 1.695 m/s) could improve their technique by 3% at the same level of exertion, i.e. expending the same amount of energy, they would waste less and reach a speed of 1.729 m/s or, in other words, a time of 57.22 secs (no mean feat!).
(D) DRAG
D stands for Drag, which might be described as "friction". The resistance encountered, for example, when walking along the bottom of a swimming pool is 800 times higher than that encountered when walking at the same speed on dry ground completely immersed in the "fluid we call air". For a swimmer, this simply means: "improve your swimming position in the water and you will go faster at the same effort".
D is the denominator in our formula and speed increases as it decreases. There is plenty of room for improvement in this respect: take, for example, the magical effects of so-called "superman" swimsuits, which certainly caused chaos in the world of swimming, because they allowed swimmers to go faster without any extra engine power.
Perhaps the strange formula we began with is now becoming clearer.
There are three ways of swimming faster, which can be used separately or combined together:
1. increase your energy power through regular training based on exertion/rest (we should never forget our organism grows stronger when it rests after exertion, not during exertion), proper nutrition, a healthy lifestyle and increasing the force and timing with which our muscles contract.
2. improve your technique, so as to waste less energy in the water and use the energy available as effectively as possible;
3. reduce Drag by opposing less resistance to forward motion, striving to find the most "hydrodynamic" position in the water and by eliminating any useless or ungainly movements.
Giorgio Gatta
Member of staff in the department of "Science and Technology of Swimming" at Bologna University Researcher in the "Biomechanics of human motion in water " Science Department of the Italian Swimming Federation Science Department of the Italian Canoeing and Kayaking Federation
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