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6 Food-Based Toxins That Increase Your Risk of Diabetes
Home » 6 Food-Based Toxins That Increase Your Risk of Diabetes
In Cimperman, Environmental Toxins
Dr. Sarah Cimperman, ND
Toxins are chemicals in the environment that are harmful to our health. Most of the time, we can't see or smell or taste them, but they're very real and we're exposed to them every day. So far, research studies have identified six different toxins we ingest through food and water that are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, even in small doses that are well below acceptable levels set by the Environmental Protection Agency. They include:
Pesticides1
Heavy metals2
Bisphenol A (BPA)3
Phthalates4
Dioxins5
Perfluorinated chemicals used to make nonstick materials6
These chemicals promote the development of diabetes through several different mechanisms. They damage mitochondria7 and cells,8 they disrupt hormones in the body,9 and they can turn genes on and off.10 While chemicals cannot change the sequence of our genetic code, they can interact with attachments on genes that activate and inactivate them, triggering epigenetic changes that alter the expression of our genes and the way our bodies work.11 These mechanisms are an important part of scientific research, but what matters most in our everyday lives is identifying the toxins so we can better avoid them.
Pesticides are chemicals used to control or eliminate pests and they come in many forms. Herbicides kill weeds, insecticides kill insects, rodenticides kill rodents, and fungicides kill fungus, mildew, and mold. In the United States, more than five billion pounds of pesticides are applied to our crops every year.12 They soak into the soil where they're taken up into plants through their root systems and distributed throughout, so we can't just wash them off. Pesticides also make their way into our bodies when we feed pesticide-laden foods to the animals we eat. They don't break down easily so they persist in the environment, accumulating in the water we drink and the fish and seafood we eat.
Heavy metals like mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and nickel enter our diet primarily through drinking water, fish, seafood, and fruits and vegetables sprayed with herbicides or grown in contaminated soil. We can also be exposed to heavy metals through cosmetics, perfumes, antiseptics, diaper products, dental amalgams, cigarette smoke, tattoo ink, batteries, energy-efficient light bulbs, fabric softeners, paint, floor polish, and wood preservatives. Unlike other toxins, heavy metals aren't stored exclusively inside fat cells. They're also stored in bones and organs including the kidneys, liver, intestines, and brain.
Bisphenol A, also known as BPA, is a chemical used to make the epoxy linings inside food and beverage cans. It's also used to make polycarbonate, a hard, clear plastic, and polystyrene, found in Styrofoam products. BPA leaches from these materials into foods and beverages we consume, especially when the containers are heated or the contents are hot. Because BPA is fat soluble, it's more likely to leach into foods and drinks that contain fats and oils. It can be found in plastic wrap, pizza boxes, egg cartons, disposable cups, takeout containers, coolers, water bottles, baby bottles, dental fillings, plastic water pipes, and other plastic products. When these items are discarded, BPA escapes from landfills and enters waterways, contaminating drinking water, fish, and seafood. In the year 2000, researchers detected BPA in more than 40 percent of the 139 streams they sampled in thirty states across the United States.13 The Centers for Disease Control found BPA in every single sample from the 2,500 people studied in its most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.14 Fortunately, BPA doesn't accumulate inside our bodies the way that other toxins do, and studies show that diet can have dramatic effects. As part of a joint study done by Silent Spring Institute and the Breast Cancer Fund, researchers replaced canned, packaged, and prepared foods with fresh foods for five families for three days and tested levels of BPA metabolites in their urine for eight days. This diet change alone caused BPA levels to drop by 66 percent on average and up to 76 percent.15
Phthalates are chemicals in plastics that make them flexible. In our diet, we're exposed to them primarily through foods and drinks contained in plastic and epoxy-lined cans. Because phthalates aren't tightly bound to plastic polymers, they are highly susceptible to leaching. They're found in food and beverage cans, plastic food and beverage containers, plastic storage containers, plastic wrap, and certain medications. They can also be found in adhesives, shower curtains, tablecloths, medical devices, plastic toys, vinyl flooring, paint, industrial solvents, automotive products, and personal products. Phthalates in cosmetics, nail polish, perfume, and anything with a fragrance are easily absorbed through the skin. Like BPA, phthalates were found in every single person studied as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Also like BPA, phthalates don't accumulate in the body. The same study that replaced canned and packaged foods with fresh foods also found great reductions in levels of urinary phthalate metabolites: 56 percent on average and up to 96 percent.15
Dioxins include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs). They're produced by volcanoes, forest fires, and chemical and manufacturing plants that use chlorine (like those making bleached paper products). They're also produced when plastics are burned. Once these chemicals are released into the environment, they make their way into soils and waterways and accumulate in our food. More than 90 percent of human exposure to dioxins comes from what we eat, according to the World Health Organization.16 The greatest source for most people is contaminated fish and seafood, and the highest concentrations are found in predators at the top of the food chain like tuna, swordfish, marlin, and shark.
Perfluorinated Chemicals
Perfluorinated chemicals, also known as PFCs, make materials stain resistant and stick resistant. Several PFCs exist but the two most common are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). They leach into our food from nonstick cookware and from food packaging like pizza boxes, microwave popcorn bags, and fast food containers. PFCs have "thousands of important manufacturing and industrial applications," according to the EPA, and they're also found in fabric, furniture, carpet, clothing, cleaning products, and personal-care products.17
We'll never be able to escape environmental toxins completely, but knowing where they hide is an important first step in reducing our exposure. Once we can identify them, there are several ways to minimize our contact with harmful chemicals. You can get started with the ten strategies I discuss in my article, "10 Ways to Detox Your Home"
Sarah Cimperman, ND is the author of the new book, The Prediabetes Detox: A Whole-Body Program to Balance Your Blood Sugar, Increase Energy, and Reduce Sugar Cravings. She graduated from NCNM in 2002 and has a private practice in New York City. Her expertise has been featured on Fox News and Huffington Post and in Natural Health magazine, Whole Living magazine, and the Well Being Journal, among other publications. Dr. Cimperman also writes two blogs, A Different Kind Of Doctor and The Naturopathic Gourmet.
Lee DH, Steffes MW, Sjödin A, Jones RS, Needham LL, Jacobs DR. Low Dose of Some Persistent Organic Pollutants Predicts Type 2 Diabetes: A Nested Case-Control Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2010;118(9):1235–42.
Chen YW, Yang CY, Huang CF, Hung DZ, Leung YM, and Liu SH. Heavy Metals, Islet Function and Diabetes Development. Islets 2009;1(3):169–76.
Alonso-Magdalena P, Ropero AB, Soriano S, Quesada I, Nadal A. Bisphenol-A: A New Diabetogenic Factor? Hormones (Athens) 2010;9(2):118–26.
Svensson K, Hernández-Ramírez RU, Burguete-García A, Cebrián ME, Calafat AM, Needham LL, Claudio L, López-Carrillo L. Phthalate Exposure Associated with Self-Reported Diabetes Among Mexican Women. Environmental Research 2011;111(6):792–96.
Wang SL, Tsai PC, Yang CY, Guo YL. Increased Risk of Diabetes and Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Dioxins: A 24-Year Follow-Up Study of the Yucheng Cohort. Diabetes Care 2008;31(8):1574–79.
Lin CY, Chen PC, Lin YC, Lin LY. Association Among Serum Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals, Glucose Homeostasis, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents and Adults. Diabetes Care 2009;32(4):702–7.
Wang CH, Wang CC, Wei YH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Insulin Insensitivity: Implication of Mitochondrial Role in Type 2 Diabetes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2010;1201:157–65.
Ropero AB, Alonso-Magdalena P, García-García E, Ripoll C, Fuentes E, Nadal A. Bisphenol-A Disruption of the Endocrine Pancreas and Blood Glucose Homeostasis. International Journal of Andrology. 2008;31(2):194–200.
Alonso-Magdalena P, Quesada I, Nadal A. Endocrine Disruptors in the Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 2011;7(6):346–53.
Godfrey KM, Inskip HM, Hanson MA. The Long-Term Effects of Prenatal Development on Growth and Metabolism. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. 2011;29(3):257–65.
Ornish D, Magbanua MJ, Weidner G, Weinberg V, Kemp C, Green C, et al. Changes in Prostate Gene Expression in Men Undergoing an Intensive Nutrition and Lifestyle Intervention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2008;105(24):8369–74.
Environmental Protection Agency. 2000-2001 Pesticide Market Estimates: Usage. [Web page]. EPA website. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/pestsales/01pestsales/usage2001.htm. Accessed September 14, 2015.
Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LB, Buxton H. Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in US Streams, 1999–2000: A National Reconnaissance. Environmental Science and Technology 2002;36(6):1202–11.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, Updated Tables. [Web page]. CDC website. http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport. Accessed September 14, 2015.
Rudel RA, Camann DE, Spengler JD, Korn LR, Brody JG. Phthalates, Alkylphenols, Pesticides, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, and Other Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Indoor Air and Dust. Environmental Science and Technology 2003;37(20):4543–53.
World Health Organization. Dioxins and Their Effects on Human Health. [Web page]. WHO website. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs225/en/. Accessed September 14, 2015.
Environmental Protection Agency. Long-Chain Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) Action Plan Summary. [Web page]. EPA website. http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/existingchemicals/pubs/actionplans/pfcs.html. Accessed September 14, 2015.
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Review: A Burning by Megha Majumdar
Megha Majumdar's debut explodes with narrative force. It begs comparison to Vikram Seth's A Suitable Boy and Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance in terms of its scale and thematic scope — but tackles its subject matter far more succinctly. Seth and Mistry wrote sweeping epics that submerged readers in the lives of its characters; luxuriated (successfully) for hundreds of pages in their portraits of India. A Burning is a staccato-paced, whiplash of a novel. Its three interwoven stories crisscross throughout its lean page count, contributing to a fast-paced examination of contemporary India; its systemic corruption, and its gaping class and religious divisions.
On the night of a devastating terrorist attack in Kolkata, a poor, young Muslim girl named Jivan posts on Facebook: "If the police didn't help ordinary people like you and me, if the police watched them die, doesn't that mean that the government is also a terrorist?" The next day she is arrested as a terrorist collaborator. The alibi of a trans woman (or "hijra") named Lovely could set Jivan free — but might also cost the aspiring Bollywood actress the fame and glory she desires, but has always seems so out of reach. Jivan's former gym teacher has no compunction falsifying his own testimony to indict Jivan; he's desperate to ascend the political ladder, and willingly commits countless morally-questionable acts to cement his status in the populist Jana Kalyan Party.
If these three stories were disentangled and laid out separately, the characters in A Burning might feel constructed purely for Majumdar to make a point about the injustices of being an outcast in India, rather than flesh and blood, and textured; a novel about politics rather than a novel about people. It is the architecture of Majumdar's narrative that makes the novel work. By forsaking breadth, many of its scenes feel like vignettes; pencil sketches rather than inked portraits. Much of its pace is manufactured through expository, dialogue-heavy sections. But its form perfectly fits its content. It is intense, direct, and daring: a gleaming spotlight illuminating an unjust reality, building to a wrenching, inevitable conclusion that crushes like a bulldozer. Few novels have probed the sickness inherent in India's inequality more evocatively than this.
Available: 8th July 2020
Publisher: Simon & Schuster Ltd
Book Review, Majumdar, Megha
Book Review, Books, Megha Majumdar, Reading
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One thought on "Review: A Burning by Megha Majumdar"
justonemorepaige
Wow – fantastic review. I am really looking forward to reading this one.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Make files truly immutable I'm currently in the works of adding a third back-up that is Immutable. This all works fine from Veeam > Linux Ubuntu with XFS on a scsi disk. The files are locked for the days that is set in Veeam. However I've realised that it's still technically possible to remove the immutable setting by using chattr -i [filename].
This means that in the worst case scenario that the Root user is compromised the files can still be removed, making it in my opinion not truly Immutable. So far I can't find any options to disable chattr, if possible at all do i even want to do this?
Are there any other routes i could/should take? I'm a newbie when it comes to Linux so bare with me.

A:
The files are locked for the days that are set in Veeam.

Meaning, once those days pass, Veeam must be able to remove any "immutable" protections that you have set (and it must be programmed to remove them). If you chattr +i all files and disable the ability to undo that, your disk will just keep filling up until you can't make new backups anymore.
But if Veeam software is able to delete old backups, then root will also be able to delete old backups. There's no way around that except not letting root (or the veeam UID) get compromised in the first place. So instead focus on preventing unwanted access to the server in general, e.g. not share root credentials between backup servers and "normal" servers.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Princess Cruises sends passengers to Singapore and NZ for 2018
Peter Lynch 7 Apr 2017
News0 Comments 0
Princess Cruises had a record wave season, and plans to make 2017/18 another bumper season.
Princess, which claims to have more cruise passengers on board for the most nights of any line in Australia, carried over 250,000 passengers this year.
President Australia and New Zealand Stuart Allison described it as a "huge result".
"It was our biggest wave – the biggest wave season for Princess and the biggest wave for Carnival. It was a huge success," he told Cruise Passenger.
"I'm very confident that over the next few years we will see growth not just locally but internationally."
Princess Cruises will unveil its 2018 program next week – and there is expected to be a big focus on fly-cruise to Asia and extending its experiential 'Across the Ditch' New Zealand program.
The season will also see the emergence of a new big by Princess to capture families with a Discovery study program run out of three new centres on board the Sea Princess.
Sea Princess is due to be upgraded in October – and one of the important new features designed as a foil for the water slides and surf pools of other lines will be three new kids centres.
The program, designed for children over three to teenagers, has been developed with the Californian Science Centre and Discovery Communications. In Asia, it is aimed squarely at Tiger Mums, who are keen to ensure their children continue their education even when on holiday.
But Princess believes the programs – which include fun elements – will appeal to Australian parents looking for added value from their cruises.
The Diamond Princess will be homeported in Sydney at the end of the year, as the Emerald Princess – one of the successes of the 2016-17 season – is off to Alaska.
But because capacity in Australia will be down, Asia has become a new focus, with airfares down and popular Princess ships homeported in Singapore.
"Our forward bookings for Singapore are the strongest they've ever been, so everything points to a successful year ahead," said Mr Allison.
Princess has an EasyAir product which means guests can book flights link around their holiday arrangements.
Promoting EasyAir and a TV campaign around fly-cruise has produced remarkable results.
The Across the Ditch program has been a key weapon in recruiting new cruise passengers, and includes new food and wine programs and cultural experiences like Haka lessons.
It was soft launched last year, but will be promoted during July.
Ateed Auckland and ID Tours will refresh shore programs, which is expected to attract more Australians and North Americans.
But Mr Allison maintained the high spot was the near-sell-out of Princess' three world cruises from Australia – with the majority of passengers signing up for the entire journey.
"To delivery three world cruises is a very proud moment. I remember first sketching out the itinerary in 2008 and wonder if there was a market for it," he said.
Mr Allison was speaking on board Princess' newest ship – Majestic Princess sailed her inaugural cruise through the Adriatic last week before a "Silk Road' journey to Shanghai, China, where she will be based.
The $600 million vessel in a template for the next three Royal class vessels – and Mr Allison said many of Majestic's new features, from Michelin starred French and Chinese chefs to expanded spas, branded retail malls and a stronger program for young people, would find their way onto other fleet vessels – including the vessels in Australia.
"We would love the opportunity – whether it's this ship or the next ship in the class – to come to Australia. And I'm pretty confident that in 2019 we will see this class of ship in other Princess markets. Fantastic to get to the points where Europe, Alaska, Australia all have one."
CruiseflyNew ZealandPrincess CruisesSingapore
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An outbreak of tornadoes (SPC storm reports) occurred during the afternoon/early evening hours of 24 August 2016 from central Indiana to northwestern Ohio (NWS Indianapolis | NWS Northern Indiana | NWS Cleveland). In terms of forcing mechanisms, while the supercell thunderstorms developed well in advance of a cold frontal boundary (surface analyses), GOES-13 Visible (0.63 µm) images (above) showed a mesoscale convective vortex or MCV moving eastward across northern Illinois which may have played a role in helping to initiate convection. Moisture was also abundant across the region, with Total Precipitable Water (TPW) values as high as 53.1 mm or 2.1 inches on the 1200 UTC Lincoln IL rawinsonde report and 60.7 mm or 2.4 inches just east of the convection developing over central Indiana on the 1941 UTC Aqua MODIS TPW product (below).
A closer view of the 1841 UTC Aqua MODIS Visible (0.65 µm) and Infrared Window (11.0 µm) images (below) showed the thunderstorm complex over central Indiana just after the time of the first EF2-rated tornado in Montgomery County — the coldest cloud-top infrared brightness temperature was -80º C (violet color enhancement) over the southeastern portion of that county. In addition, an "enhanced-V" cloud top signature was evident over northeastern Clinton County — the next EF3-rated tornado formed just to the northeast in Howard County at 1920 UTC.
The GOES-13 (GOES-East) satellite had been placed into Rapid Scan Operations (RSO) mode, providing images as frequently as every 5-7 minutes — in the Visible (0.63 µm) images with plots of preliminary SPC storm reports of tornadoes (red) and hail/wind (cyan) shown below (also available as an MP4 animation), numerous overshooting tops can be seen. These overshooting tops were often in the vicinity of the parallax-corrected SPC storm reports (assuming a mean cloud top height of 12 km).
The corresponding GOES-13 Infrared Window (10.7 µm) images (below; also available as an MP4 animation) revealed cloud-top IR brightness temperatures as cold as -67º C (darker black enhancement) over Indiana at 1845 and 1855 UTC; the location of parallax-corrected preliminary SPC storm reports of tornadoes (white) and hail/wind (cyan) are also plotted on the images.


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Leverton is een civil parish in het bestuurlijke gebied Boston, in het Engelse graafschap Lincolnshire. In 2001 telde het civil parish 668 inwoners. Leverton komt in het Domesday Book (1086) voor als 'Levretune'.

Civil parish in Lincolnshire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Water Never Forgets… To Kill!
In a case of "text book homoeopathy" Sam Hahn, of the British Homoeopathy Association, has discovered a novel way in which the Influenza virus can be transmitted, explaining the recent fatal flu epidemic in Northern Germany.
Welcome, faithful Cause and Effect reader. Following the recent success of our broadcasting schedule for the new medium of Television, Ignorance is Bliss TV has returned for more high-quality viewing. See below for the full list of programmes.


You will develop and improve the future of our diagnostic solutions which are used for maintaining and repairing premium vehicles around the globe. In a joined team of diagnostic and software specialist together with our customer you will create new diagnostic concepts and applications with a strong focus on user satisfaction and service efficiency. You will be embedded in a team of diagnostic experts at our customer and remote connected with our software development team. You will understand the world of diagnostic, identify potential for improvements and develop new diagnostic procedures, functions and features together with us and our customer. The objective is to bridge knowledge between the vehicle diagnostic domain and software craftsmanship. Your task will be to build proper software solutions to create outstanding and innovative experiences in vehicle diagnostics.
Your start at AVL DiTEST begins with an intensive training in our development center in Germany. Scrum Boot camps, pair programming and vehicle diagnostic sessions with our experts will give you the necessary toolbox. User-Story refinement, customer oriented thinking and code quality will be the building blocks of your training phase. Afterwards you will join our established development squad and have a well-prepared entry in your mission in the UK.
Fluent English - basics in German is a plus.


There is a few settings for the OData Service which need to be configured.
The port will default to 443, but can be changed.
The certificate is required, as are the logon credentials for the domain account which will run the OData Service.


'New Build' Metal Built Up Roof Systems.
Metal built up roof systems have been used in the northern hemisphere for many decades, driven by the government regulations to keep heat within a building and to minimise the energy used to create that heat, thus reducing the associated carbon emissions.
With the new south african government standards, SANS 10400 XA legislation, the search for energy efficient metal roofing & cladding systems has certainly begun.
Thermal performance to a staggering market leading 0.10 W/m²K or even better if required.
Sound attenuation as high as 60 dB Weighted Sound Reduction.
Sound absorption for swimming pools and schools to stop sound reverberation.
Specialist roof systems for high humidity roof systems.
Specialist roof systems for high security performance – Prisons, Data centres, Governmental Buildings.
All our specified metal roofing & cladding built up systems have a walkable liner or structural deck to provide a walking platform to install the rest of the roof system and provide a clean white soffit to the inside of the building.
How to specify, deliver & install high quality roofing systems?
The key to delivering such metal roofing systems is to specify high quality components and to ensure on-site installation compliance.
How often are poor quality fixings used?
Where are sealants and fillers used?
Will insulation compressed between purlin and roof sheet REALLY provide any recognisable thermal performance?
The core values of MRC's metal built up roofing & cladding systems!
Safety on site for those who are working at height.
Specification compliance through supply & installation.
Energy efficient roof system to reduce the clients operational costs of the building.
Reduction in associated carbon emissions.
Benefits of Built Up Systems!
Tailored roofing and cladding systems provide specification flexibility to suit the individual performance of the building.
A lightweight, easy to install, and fast method of construction.
Excellent sound reduction performance; typically between 44 – 48dB (weighted S.R.I. Rw) between 10 – 20dB better than foam cored composite panels or bonded systems.
Excellent sound absorption performance; typically Class A sound absorption, which composite panel systems would need an additional acoustic system under the roof construction.
Secure and waterproof at an early stage of the build programme enabling the remaining elements of the roof system to be taken off the critical path, while internal works can continue within a waterproof environment.
Bespoke thermal systems can be specified as low as 0.10 W/m2K in the knowledge that they offer thermal performance longevity for the life of the building.
As the individual components that make up the built up systems are not bonded, recycling of the materials after the buildings operational life is easy and does not present the potential ecological impact presented by foam cored composite panels.
LPCB non-combustible rock and glass mineral wool used in built-up metal roofs have the advantage of offering high levels of fire resistance and potentially lower insurance premiums compared to foam composite panels.
MRC's built up systems provide the specifier, developer and client REAL choice of project specific design surrounding metal roofing & cladding systems, all backed with a System Warranty including the workmanship for up to 20 years.
All of MRC's built up metal roofing & cladding systems provide REAL choice in performance, aesthetics and budget.


text:
Q: SwiftUI: Toggling a JSON property in a List I have a local JSON file I am importing and decoding.  I am them iterating through that data to create a list.  I have a Button and I want to toggle the value of the favorite property when the button is tapped.  I realize that would be mutating a JSON value which wouldnt work so I am trying to figure out how to accomplish this.
Towns.json
[
    {
      "display_name": "California",
      "favorite": false,
    },
    {
      "display_name": "Colorado",
      "favorite": false,
    }

]

Town.swift
struct Town: Codable, Identifiable {
    var id: String {image}
    let display_name: String
    let favorite: Bool
}

MainView.swift
ForEach(towns) { town in
    LazyVStack(spacing: 20) {
        HStack {
            Text(town.display_name)
            Spacer()
            Button {
                town.favorite.toggle()
            } label: {
                if town.favorite {
                    Image(systemName: "flame").foregroundColor(.red)
                } else {
                    Image(systemName: "flame.fill").foregroundColor(.red)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

A: You'll need a way to access the original element from the array. In SwiftUI 3 (just announced), this has become much easier, but until that's out, generally people use indices or enumerated to get an index of the original item (there's also a .indexed() from Swift Collections, but it requires importing an SPM package to use it):
struct ContentView : View {
    @State var towns : [Town] = []
    var body: some View {
        ForEach(Array(towns.enumerated()), id: \.1.id) { (index,town) in
            LazyVStack(spacing: 20) {
                HStack {
                    Text(town.display_name)
                    Spacer()
                    Button {
                        towns[index].favorite.toggle()
                    } label: {
                        if town.favorite {
                            Image(systemName: "flame").foregroundColor(.red)
                        } else {
                            Image(systemName: "flame.fill").foregroundColor(.red)
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

You'll also need to change let favorite to var favorite in your model, since now it's a mutable property.


Shinichiro Mori is a senior associate. Mr Mori practices in the area of commercial dispute resolution with a particular focus on international arbitrations, cross-border litigations, product liability and insurance-related disputes. Mr Mori is the Country Representative of Japan for the Asia-Pacific Forum for International Arbitration (AFIA). He also serves as an Experienced Young Practitioner for Delos Dispute Resolution.


text:
Raipur es una ciudad censal situada en el distrito de Dehradun,  en el estado de Uttarakhand (India). Su población es de 32900 habitantes (2011).

Demografía
Según el censo de 2011 la población de Raipur era de 32900 habitantes, de los cuales 17021 eran hombres y 15879 eran mujeres. Raipur tiene una tasa media de alfabetización del 91,58%, superior a la media estatal del 78,82%: la alfabetización masculina es del 95,53%, y la alfabetización femenina del 87,39%.

Referencias

Localidades de Uttarakhand


Hypothermic cardiac arrest is a relatively uncommon presentation to United States Emergency Departments. During 1979–2002, the Centers for Disease Control reported that an average of 689 deaths per year in the US were attributed to exposure to excessive natural cold. Severe hypothermia (<30°C) confers marked depression of critical metabolic and biochemical functions, but may also provide protection to the brain and other organs while resuscitation is undertaken. For all hypothermic patients, measures designed to prevent further heat loss and begin rewarming should be instituted, but should not delay routine Advanced Cardiac and Trauma Life Support procedures. Rewarming methods include passive rewarming (insulation, removal from environment), active external rewarming (heating blankets, radiant heat, warm water immersion), and active core rewarming (warm inhalation, warmed intravenous fluids, gastrointestinal irrigation, bladder irrigation, dialysis, thoracostomy lavage, and cardiopulmonary bypass).


ZenTao PMS 8.1.3 is released!
Summary :The open source project management system zentao released 8.1 version.
Hello all, the open source project management system ZenTao version 8.1.3 has been released on 03-23-2016.
Adjust the style for the cron setting page.
Adjust the style for build and release pages.
Add full screen switcher to the plan stories page.
Add create story link to the plan page.
When computing the developing stage for a story, consier the closed reason of tasks.
Upgrade ZUI to 1.4 version.
Remove the fix data link for module.
Restore the link for desktop notify tools.
Display the platform or branch info for task.
Adjust the style of email.
Adjust the logic of saving log.
Remove the checking of mysqldump command.
When submit to test, add cc feature.
User can batch unlink story from a project.
Fix the table header when scrolling the table.
Rewrite the select all check box.
Adjust the submit pages for story, task, bug and case.
Adjust the icons for severity and priority.
When mysql crashed, try to check and fix tables.
Adjust the indexes of mysql tables.
Add shortcut hint for next object and previous object.
Try to compress images when GD module enabled in PHP.
Rewrite the common control can commonmodel.
Move the codes for report to model.
Fix the error when restore backup files.
Fix the bug in daily reminder email.
Fix the security bug in dao class.
Fix the bug of case run page.
ZenTao PMS 8.0 is released!
ZenTao project management system 8.2.2 is released!


text:
38th World Diamond Congress in Tel Aviv to Highlight Innovation
Trends 0 JacobGemo
congress, diamond, highlight, innovation, world
May 03, 18 by Albert Robinson
(IDEX Online) – In keeping with Israel's focus on innovation and its reputation as a "Start Up Nation", this year's World Diamond Congress (WDC) will highlight the role of technology in advancing the diamond industry.
The WDC is the official forum of the general assemblies of the World Federation of Diamond Bourses (WFDB) and the International Diamond Manufacturers Association (IDMA). It will be held in Tel Aviv from June 19 -21 in Tel Aviv.
The Congress will be attended by hundreds of guests from over 30 countries, including leading members of diamond bourses around the world, mining and rough trading companies, diamond manufacturers, supporting economic sectors and government representatives.
The program will focus on how technology is contributing to the world diamond industry today and in the future. It will include a presentation by Sarine, the leading developer of technologies for diamond trade and manufacture, as well as a talk by Carats.io, which is issuing the CARAT digital token in partnership with the Israel Diamond Exchange, and creating the first-ever viable secondary market for diamond commerce. Moreover, guests will be invited to visit DiamondTech, the Innovation Center of the Israel Diamond Exchange and to meet some of the start-ups working there.
Preparations for the 38th congress are being coordinated by an organizing committee comprising representatives of the Israel Diamond Exchange (IDE) and the Israel Diamond Manufacturers' Association (IsDMA).
Israel Diamond Exchange President Yoram Dvash, who is Vice President of the WFDB, said that the Israeli industry is very happy to host the upcoming congress. "Israel last hosted the World Diamond Congress in 2006, and prior to that in 1996. We look forward to the opportunity to welcome lots of veteran and new friends and to provide them with an enjoyable stay. We are planning a stimulating program, and we are certain that our guests will be interested in learning about the many innovations we have instituted in the Israeli diamond center," he said.
World Diamond Congress Chairman Yehezkel Blum said that everything is being done to make the 38th World Diamond Congress a successful one. "We guarantee that our guests will receive warm hospitality and an exciting program. Moreover, Tel Aviv is a great backdrop for the congress, with beaches, restaurants, sightseeing and more. Join us for a great event."
For further information about the World Diamond Congress and registration please see the Congress website: http://diamondcongress2018israel.com
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Inside Man United's academy: The lifeblood for the club's future
41dRob Dawson
10hRob Dawson
Transfer Talk: Dortmund to battle Bayern for Real Madrid loanee Hakimi
EXCLUSIVE: Butt reveals McTominay's 'horrible' academy experience (1:38)
Nicky Butt explains how Scott McTominay struggled at Manchester United's academy and who helped him through. (1:38)
Rob DawsonCorrespondent
MANCHESTER -- Nicky Butt has a unique way of explaining the role of Manchester United's academy when it comes to turning a young footballer into, hopefully, one of the best in the world.
"I'd describe it as, when you meet the person you're going to spend the rest of your life with, the first thing you are attracted to is looks," Butt, who spent 13 years at United (387 appearances) and is now the head of first-team development for the club, tells ESPN. "Then you begin to learn about the person, you fall in love and then you get married. When you see a young player, the first thing you see is talent. But that can't be all there is, just like in a relationship. You see the talent straight away but the biggest thing then is the character."
"Thousands of players have come through this club that had more talent in their little finger than I ever had, but I got to where I did because of something else. It can't just be talent -- there has to be a lot more."
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United's academy will celebrate a significant milestone on Sunday. When Everton visit Old Trafford this weekend, United will mark their 4,000th consecutive game with a youth team graduate in the squad. It's a run that stretches back more 80 years to Oct. 30, 1937, when Tom Manley and Jackie Wassall played in a 1-0 defeat to Fulham. To put that into context, Everton have the next best record in the top flight with a run of more than 1000 games over 20 years which ended in August.
This unbroken run is something United are so proud of that it formed part of Ed Woodward's call with investors in November. His mission statement is "win trophies, play attacking football and give youth a chance." The last part is one of the reasons Ole Gunnar Solskjaer was chosen as manager when Jose Mourinho was sacked nearly a year ago, but from a broader point of view, players produced by the club form a key part of its history.
In 1968, United became the first English club to win the European Cup with a team that included eight youth players, just 10 years after the Munich Air Disaster killed eight members of Sir Matt Busby's "Busby Babes," seven of which had come through the youth system. The production line was reborn under Sir Alex Ferguson in the 1990s and when United won the Champions League in 1999, the team that beat Bayern Munich in the final included four graduates from the academy class of '92: David Beckham, Butt, Ryan Giggs and Gary Neville. There would have been another in the XI had Paul Scholes not been suspended.
Nicky Butt oversees Manchester United's first-team development. Getty Images
The latest batch to make the step up to the first team picture include Marcus Rashford, Jesse Lingard, Scott McTominay, Mason Greenwood and Brandon Williams. Each is following in the footsteps of others who have made the same journey like Duncan Edwards, George Best, Mark Hughes, Giggs and Beckham, and this commitment is reflected in the club's record books. Man United's top five all-time appearance makers -- Giggs, Sir Bobby Charlton, Scholes, Bill Foulkes and Neville -- are all academy graduates. This season, 31 out of United's 34 goals have been scored or assisted by a former youth team player.
The academy in action
United can register players at the Under-9 level in accordance with Premier League rules. At 16, a select group sign scholarships and go on to train at Carrington every day. The club have a link with Ashton-on-Mersey School in Sale, about five miles from Old Trafford, to ensure young players get a real education as well as a footballing one and between the ages of 16 and 18, the players spend at least one day a week at school. On other days, teachers hold lessons at Carrington. The Monday morning after Rashford scored his first two Premier League goals against Arsenal in February 2016, he could be found playing pool in the sixth form common room.
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Alexis Nunes speaks with Marcus Rashford about his charity campaign and all things Manchester United.
Their education isn't all about football and the club have had an astronaut and a Holocaust survivor in to talk to the young players. Former first-team stars are also regular visitors to talk about their own experiences -- Roy Keane has been in this season -- and there are reminders of success everywhere in the dedicated academy building at Carrington. The corridors are covered with murals of Rashford, Lingard, Giggs and Scholes while upstairs, there are shirts on the wall with names and numbers of Edwards, Hughes and Beckham. On the noticeboards in some of the dressing rooms there are words of advice written by Gary Neville. No. 3 is: "Always remember why you began to play football. You loved it for its own sake and not as a means to get money, fame, girls or cars."
United's aim is to help youngsters fulfill their potential, whether that's as a first team player at United, at another club or in another industry. They have the resources to buy almost any player they choose, and producing one from scratch to meet their exacting standards is a huge task.
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"It's hard, really hard," says Nick Cox, who took over as head of the academy in the summer. "It's up there with winning an Olympic gold medal or landing on the moon. We have to be realistic with our kids. We want them all to dream. We want them all to have aspirations, but only a handful of players get the privilege of crossing the white line at Old Trafford as a homegrown player."
"What keeps you here is character and commitment"
Butt admits it doesn't always go to plan even with the most talented boys who walk through the door.
"For me, the biggest disappointment at this club was Adnan Januzaj," says the former England midfielder. "I don't think I've seen a player, probably since Ryan [Giggs], who was as good as that. He was unbelievable. In my eyes he should have gone on to be a world superstar. He's still playing professional football [at Real Sociedad in Spain] and he will have a good career. I'm sure he's a millionaire and he won't be going to bed worrying about what bills he's got to pay, but he should have been a superstar.
Adnan Januzaj was one of the brightest prospects produced in the United academy in recent memory. Stu Forster/Getty Images
"Talent gets you through the gate here but what will keep you here is character and commitment."
Butt points to two of the most recent graduates, McTominay and Williams, as examples for other hopefuls to follow.
"With Scott and Brandon, that's just character," he adds. "Character with talent and not talent with character. It's a never-say-die attitude, a will to win. They are both talented footballers, but to get to where they have got is down to their attitude."
Scott McTominay has been one the finds of the last few years. Simon Stacpoole/Offside/Offside via Getty Images
It's not just players that are produced by the academy, either. Kieran McKenna was U18s coach before he was added to the first team coaching staff by Jose Mourinho and then kept on by Solskjaer. Neil Wood, a former United reserve team captain, is lead coach at U23 level. Neil Ryan, son of Jimmy Ryan, a former Busby Babe and assistant to Ferguson, has risen from coach of the U11s to U18 lead coach.
"It's special for me for my father to have been so heavily involved," says Ryan Jr. "That's quite a special thing to have grown up with and to be educated on. I was lucky enough to meet Sir Matt Busby many years ago as a young kid. It's in your blood. It helps me with my job. It also helps me when I'm speaking to the players and the families that we speak to, as well about the special history of this club. One of the first groups I had was Jesse Lingard's group. It's part of my job to educate the players on the history of the Busby Babes. We've had a lot of success with young players who we have been able to pass onto the first team.
"You work your way through the age groups getting valuable experience. Not just on the pitch, but off it too. Just moments when you sit round a table with Sir Alex Ferguson and talk -- those are priceless moments that you don't forget."
United make no secret of their desire to sign the best players in the world, but their goal is to supplement the imports with their own players and, hopefully, create a few superstars of their own.
"It's a tradition we're very proud of and it's in our DNA to give young players a chance," says Solskjaer. "I like to give young players a chance, they can only surprise and impress you when you give them a chance. It will definitely be more than 4,000 games. We have a great academy and it's something we're proud of."


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The Zacks Analyst Blog Highlights: Eisai, Martin Marietta and Columbia Sportswear
Zacks June 25, 2019
Chicago, IL –June 25, 2019 – Zacks.com announces the list of stocks featured in the Analyst Blog. Every day the Zacks Equity Research analysts discuss the latest news and events impacting stocks and the financial markets. Stocks recently featured in the blog include: Eisai ESALY, Martin Marietta Materials MLM and Columbia Sportswear COLM.
Here are highlights from Monday's Analyst Blog:
The G-20 Meeting Cometh: Global Week Ahead
The weekend's G20 meeting in Osaka, Japan — starting on Friday and running into Saturday — should be the week's main event. But it is a closer.
In advance of that, I list Reuters' five world market themes. These focus investors and trader's attention in the Global Week Ahead.
Away from the G20 summit, the latest themes talk about weakening consumer inflation, across the globe — tamping down policy and market rate expectations.
I have them in order of importance to equities. Not surprisingly, the G20 is at Number One. Rates are the next four.
(1) Here Comes the U.S. President… to a G-19 Summit.
It's been a pretty tumultuous first-half of the year, and whether things calm down from here hinges on a June 28-29 summit of the G20 world powers, where Presidents Trump and Xi are expected to meet and hopefully resolve their differences on trade and tech.
At stake is a decision on whether Washington slaps import tariffs on another $300 billion of Chinese goods, a scenario that Goldman Sachs says could sink equity markets as much as 4%. It could also tip the balance between economic recovery and recession, as several markets, from shipping to copper, sound alarm bells.
Trump has bones to pick with other G20 leaders, too. He will meet Turkish president Tayyip Erdogan who is risking U.S. sanctions on his country by placing an order for Russian-made S-400 missile defense system. India, Mexico, Canada and Germany have also all at different times incurred Trump's wrath over trade. Most recently he complained about the "devalued" euro, which he said gave European exporters an unfair edge.
With more and more central banks pivoting towards policy easing, the issue of exchange rates looms large. Fears are that another currency war will further strain ties between nations. Japan says it will voice concern if currency moves elsewhere "deviate from economic fundamentals." But having just signaled readiness to ramp up stimulus, it too could find itself on the receiving end of Trump's anger.
Currency and trade wars aside, an actual war might be on the horizon after Trump allegedly ordered a missile strike on Iran, before rescinding it. Recent oil tanker attacks in the Gulf, blamed by Trump on Iran, also will be in focus.
(2) U.S. Consumer Inflation Expectations Head Down. So Do U.S. Rates.
Having struggled for years to meet a 2% inflation target — excluding food and energy costs — the U.S. Federal Reserve might be forgiven for feeling a bit frustrated.
In what went slightly unnoticed amid all the rate-cut focus at the last Fed meeting, policymakers again changed price growth forecasts — downward.
The median projection for year-end core personal consumption expenditures (core PCE, the Fed's main gauge) was taken down to 1.8% versus 2% in the March forecasts. Headline PCE expectations dropped to 1.5%, the weakest projection since 2016.
May's core PCE reading, due June 28, is forecast to be steady at 1.6%. But watch for revisions to the April print. The previous reading was on target, but the March level was revised lower, indicating yet more ground lost in the battle to thwart disinflation.
It's unsurprising, therefore, that eight of 17 Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) members see a lower Fed funds rate by end-2019.
(3) European Inflation Heads Down Too. So Do ECB Rate Expectations.
Inflation week is coming up in the Eurozone, and it will tell whether ECB chief Mario Draghi was right to fire his warning shot that more monetary easing would come unless prices started rising faster.
So far, years of stimulus and record-low rates have failed to work their magic, and inflation has undershot the ECB's near 2% target since 2013. The rate was 1.2% in May. The bank is worried but it is a dilemma shared by policymakers in many countries, not least the United States and Japan.
German and Spanish inflation data is out Thursday. French numbers on Friday are released just ahead of the "flash" Eurozone reading for June.
But Draghi's words have made a mark. A closely-tracked key market inflation gauge — the five-year, five-year break even forward — has shot up to 1.3%, having languished at record lows at around 1.12% ahead of Tuesday's speech.
Economists say "real economy" indicators, wages, for instance, paint a less pessimistic inflation outlook, raising questions about whether Draghi's reaction to market-based inflation measures is warranted.
One more reason to watch next week's inflation data closely.
(4) Following the Fed, the ECB and the BOJ — Other Central Banks Could Go Down the Rates Hole, But Not This Week.
Cutting interest rates, or at least flagging rate-cut possibilities, is in vogue at the moment. And as often happens, the path trodden by the Fed, ECB and Bank of Japan is being followed also by emerging markets.
Mexico is reeling from a Fitch ratings downgrade and an outlook cut from Moody's and is unlikely make any moves until after the Fed.
Central banks in India and Russia have already embarked on policy easing, Indonesia and Philippines have signaled cuts ahead. The spotlight shifts to Mexico, Hungary, Czech Republic and Thailand which have meetings scheduled in coming days.
Markets will be interested in what message is signaled by the Czechs. They have been raising interest rates but some policymakers have hinted there's no need for further tightening. Hungary meanwhile is expected to put off any rate-tightening plans in response to the ECB's dovish pivot.
(5) Can Stocks Have a Summer Lull? Please!
It's been an eventful year so far. Trade tensions have flared and calmed, then flared again. Mexico found itself replacing China as the lightning rod for trade tensions with Washington, only for the focus to shift back to Beijing.
Many central banks have made dramatic dovish pivots, re-igniting market rallies. These were doused every now and then by glum growth data that sent investors piling back into safe-haven and defensive bets, only to venture back into riskier waters. Add to the mix the tensions between Washington and Iran.
But Wall Street, at record highs, may be paying more attention to the Fed.
Clearly, investors are divided on how this will play out: Safe havens gold and government bonds have rewarded investors with roughly 8% returns year-to-date. But higher-risk growth plays did well too; emerging local currency debt, for instance, delivered 8% while the S&P500, Chinese stocks and Brent crude are up 20% on the year. Oil, however, has lost ground in the second quarter, hinting that worries over growth may be starting to gain the upper hand.
So bond markets are flagging a slowdown; equities suggest the opposite.
We may find out in the next half-year which of them got it right.
New Large Cap Additions to Zacks #1 Rank (STRONG BUY) List—
(1) Eisai: This is a $16.5B market cap Japanese biotech and drug maker.
The Zacks VGM score is C, but there is a B for Growth.
Operations are carried out through the following divisions: Pharmaceuticals: veterinary drugs other food additives, livestock feed and pharmaceutical production systems and equipment.
The Group has overseas consolidated subsidiaries in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., France, Germany, East Southeast Asia and South and Central America.
Shares plunged from $80 to $55 in late March. Must have been a lousy earnings notice, perhaps on a major drug. They appointed a new CFO in early June.
(2) Martin Marietta Materials: This is a $14.0B market-cap Building Products, concrete and aggregates player.
The Zacks VGM score is C again, with a B for Growth.
The aggregates product line is sold and shipped from a network of more than 270 quarries and distribution facilities in 26 states, Canada, the Bahamas and the Caribbean Islands.
The cement, ready mixed concrete, and asphalt and paving product lines, are located in strategic, vertically integrated markets, predominantly Texas and Colorado.
YTD, these shares are looking beautiful, with a nice steady rise from $180 to $225. But this looks to be very near to the top of the range, going back to 2017.
(3) Columbia Sportswear:This is a pricy $99 a share apparel maker, with a $6.6B market cap.
The Zacks VGM score is F, with an F for Value and a D for Growth.
As one of the largest outerwear companies in the world and the leading seller of skiwear in the United States, the company has developed an international reputation across an expanding product line for quality, performance, functionality and value.
After ripping to $105 a share in early February on a big earnings beat, the shares have been day-trader shorted down to $95 to $100.
support@zacks.com
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Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Inherent in any investment is the potential for loss. This material is being provided for informational purposes only and nothing herein constitutes investment, legal, accounting or tax advice, or a recommendation to buy, sell or hold a security. No recommendation or advice is being given as to whether any investment is suitable for a particular investor. It should not be assumed that any investments in securities, companies, sectors or markets identified and described were or will be profitable. All information is current as of the date of herein and is subject to change without notice. Any views or opinions expressed may not reflect those of the firm as a whole. Zacks Investment Research does not engage in investment banking, market making or asset management activities of any securities. These returns are from hypothetical portfolios consisting of stocks with Zacks Rank = 1 that were rebalanced monthly with zero transaction costs. These are not the returns of actual portfolios of stocks. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index. Visit https://www.zacks.com/performance for information about the performance numbers displayed in this press release.
Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. (MLM) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Eisai Co. (ESALY) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Columbia Sportswear Company (COLM) : Free Stock Analysis Report
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What happens to someone's pension after they die depends on multiple factors, such as how old the person was when they died and the type of pension they held. We explain more about this below.
If the deceased person was still paying into a pension when they died, then the pension scheme provider will probably want to see an original death certificate before making any payments. It's a good idea to obtain multiple official copies of the death certificate to send out to different companies when a person dies; otherwise delays can occur each time a copy is required.
If the deceased was receiving a State Pension at the time of their death, you should contact the Department of Work and Pensions immediately to inform them of your loved one's death, so that they can stop making payments.
The deceased's surviving spouse or civil partner may be entitled to extra payments from the deceased's State Pension but this depends on the amount of National Insurance contributions they made and when each of them reached State Pension age.
The Pension Service will confirm the position after taking information from you, which they can do when you contact them to inform them of the death.
When dealing with a person's affairs after they die, you should look through their paperwork to check whether they had any personal or workplace pension schemes. If they did then you will need to contact the pension provider to find out how much the deceased had in their pension scheme and establish what needs to be done next.
The way in which defined benefit pensions work depends on whether the deceased was retired when he or she passed away.
Most schemes will pay out a lump sum on death. This would usually be between two to four times their annual salary.
The lump sum is usually tax-free if the deceased was under 75 (see further information about lump sum payments below).
In addition, what's known as a 'survivor's pension' is usually also payable to the deceased's spouse, civil partner or dependent child.
A reduced pension will often continue to be paid to a spouse, civil partner or other dependent until they die.
The precise benefits vary from scheme to scheme. You can check what benefits are due by contacting the pension scheme provider.
Defined contribution pensions are subject to different tax rules. What happens with a defined contribution pension will depend on whether or not the deceased died before or after they turned 75 years of age.
Income from a single pension will stop unless there is a 'guaranteed period' attached to it. If there is a guaranteed period then the pension payments will continue to be paid tax-free until the end of the guaranteed period.
With joint pensions, income will continue to be paid to the surviving person (if applicable) until their death; usually at a reduced rate. This will be tax-free.
If the deceased has a 'flexi access drawdown pension' that they set up or first accessed after 5 April 2015 then any money paid within two years of their death will be paid tax-free.
If the pension is claimed more than two years after the deceased's death, tax might be payable.
Income from a single pension will stop unless there was a 'guaranteed period'. If this is the case, it will be paid to the Beneficiaries until the end of that period and income tax will apply to those payments.
Income from a joint pension will continue to be paid to the survivor and income tax will apply.
If a lump sums is payable from a defined benefit pension scheme, the scheme provider may pay this to a specific person or persons. This will be the case if the deceased nominated one or more Beneficiaries or completed an 'expression of wish' form during their lifetime, which names who they wanted to benefit from the payment.
If no Beneficiaries have been named and no 'expression of wish' was made, the pension scheme provider will decide who will get any lump sum and survivor pension. This is usually decided after the next of kin has completed a claim form which sets out the deceased's family and any dependents that they had.
The advantage of this type of payment is that they go directly from the pension scheme to the deceased's family, without becoming part of their Estate. This means that the payments are not normally subject to Inheritance Tax and can be dealt with more quickly than other assets that the deceased held, such as property.
If the deceased did not name any Beneficiaries, did not complete an 'expression of wish' form and did not have any dependents, the lump sum will usually end up being paid to the deceased's Estate. It may then be taxed (depending on the value of the overall Estate) and will be passed on according to the deceased's Will or the intestacy laws if no Will was left.
If all of the deceased's pension savings add up to more than the 'lifetime allowance', tax may be payable on the pension savings inherited.
The lifetime allowance limit is currently £1 million.


text:
Q: JPA Query: JOIN Issue I am having a JPA Query:
<named-query name="AUDIT_QUERY">
    <query>
select rx.rxNumber, rx.rxFillStatus.id, tx.rx.rxaaId, tx.id, tx.drugUpc.id,
tx.compound.id, tx.tpSpecialServiceFee.id,tx.txHistoryDrugUpc.id,
tx.txHistoryCompound.id, tx.txHistoryTpSpecialServiceFee.id,
tx.txHistoryRx.id, tx.txNumber,tx.txStatus.id,tx.txAdjudicationStatus.id,
tx.serviceDate, tx.createDatetime, tx.txQuantity, tx.remainingQuantity, tx.daysSupply,
tx.ppTotal, tx.tpPaidTotal, tx.adjustedTotal, sig.sigDescriptionStoreLanguage ,
sig.sigDescriptionPatientLanguage , tx.serviceDate
from
Rx rx JOIN FETCH Tx tx JOIN TxSig sig WHERE rx.rxaaId = tx.rx.rxaaId
and tx.txSig.id = sig.id WHERE
rx.patient.id = ?
order by tx.serviceDate desc, tx.txNumber desc,
tx.id desc
    </query>
</named-query>

While parsing, hibernate throws error:
org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QuerySyntaxException: unexpected token: WHERE near line 1, column 620 [select rx.rxNumber, rx.rxFillStatus.id, tx.rx.rxaaId, tx.id, tx.drugUpc.id, tx.compound.id, tx.tpSpecialServiceFee.id,tx.txHistoryDrugUpc.id, tx.txHistoryCompound.id, tx.txHistoryTpSpecialServiceFee.id, tx.txHistoryRx.id, tx.txNumber,tx.txStatus.id,tx.txAdjudicationStatus.id, tx.serviceDate, tx.createDatetime, tx.txQuantity, tx.remainingQuantity, tx.daysSupply, tx.ppTotal, tx.tpPaidTotal, tx.adjustedTotal, sig.sigDescriptionStoreLanguage , sig.sigDescriptionPatientLanguage , tx.serviceDate from com.sdm.hw.rx.dao.entity.Rx rx JOIN FETCH Tx tx JOIN TxSig sig WHERE rx.rxaaId = tx.rx.rxaaId and tx.txSig.id = sig.id WHERE rx.patient.id = ? order by tx.serviceDate desc, tx.txNumber desc, tx.id desc]

Any help will be appreciated.
Thanks,
Giriraj

A: To define the conditions for a join the keyword ON is used instead of WHERE. If I see it right you got that wrong.
SELECT
    rx.rxNumber,
    rx.rxFillStatus.id,
    tx.rx.rxaaId,
    tx.id,
    tx.drugUpc.id,
    tx.compound.id,
    tx.tpSpecialServiceFee.id,
    tx.txHistoryDrugUpc.id,
    tx.txHistoryCompound.id,
    tx.txHistoryTpSpecialServiceFee.id,
    tx.txHistoryRx.id,
    tx.txNumber,
    tx.txStatus.id,
    tx.txAdjudicationStatus.id,
    tx.serviceDate,
    tx.createDatetime,
    tx.txQuantity,
    tx.remainingQuantity,
    tx.daysSupply,
    tx.ppTotal,
    tx.tpPaidTotal,
    tx.adjustedTotal,
    sig.sigDescriptionStoreLanguage,
    sig.sigDescriptionPatientLanguage,
    tx.serviceDate
FROM
    Rx rx
JOIN
FETCH
    Tx tx
JOIN
    TxSig sig
ON
    rx.rxaaId = tx.rx.rxaaId
AND tx.txSig.id = sig.id
WHERE
    rx.patient.id = ?
ORDER BY
    tx.serviceDate DESC,
    tx.txNumber DESC,
    tx.id DESC


Manchester, NH – Lyophilization Services of New England (LSNE), a New Hampshire based contract manufacturing organization, has launched a new corporate logo this week to celebrate 15 years in business. LSNE has grown significantly and with this growth comes a rebranded image to reflect the expanded service offerings and advancement of the company. The revitalized brand symbolizes LSNE's strong customer focus and continued commitment to its clients.
The logo, a part of an overall effort to redesign the brand, presents a more modern reflection of the company and its plans for the future while still representing its scientific and technical foundation. "We hope this logo reflects the global nature of our business rather than the regional nature of our previous logo," said LSNE President, Matthew Halvorsen. The updated logo will be launched in parallel with a redesigned website and marketing material to increase the recognition of the LSNE brand.


text:
Q: Starting an asynchronous operation using RxJava without subscribing to an observable? Let's say your DAO has this method that updates user records in the DB:
@Update
fun update(user: User): Single<Int>

Recently I started learning RxJava and so far I have seen lots examples like following:
// Example 1
disposable.add(dao.updateUser(user)
    .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
    .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
    .subscribe {
        Log.d(TAG, "response received")
    }

In the above example, I understand that as soon as the subscription starts, updateUser() will be executed on a worker thread and the subscriber will be notified and run in the main thread once the execution completes.
But what if you are not interested in the result of updateUser(), and all you want is just to execute updateUser() on a worker thread?
So far I have tried doing:
// Example 2
dao.updateUser(user)

or
// Example 3
dao.updateUser(user).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())

But they didn't work. It seems the update requests are never executed, nothing was logged and records didn't change. I am guessing that's because there isn't any subscriber attached to it.
For now I am forcing it to work by attaching a random subscriber that doesn't really do anything like the one in Example 1. One of the problems with the approach is that I might need to make this request a lot and that might create a lot of dummy subscribers, not to mention that the code looks really bad.
Could you help me find a better way of handling this?

A: But You already wrote answer for Your question.
You can just call:
dao.updateUser(user).subscribe()

If You want manipulate / jump between thread you are doing something like in Example 1.


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text:
Les tourteaux sont les résidus solides de l'extraction de l'huile des graines ou des fruits oléagineux. Ce sont les coproduits de la trituration, procédé de fabrication de l'huile. Ils représentent généralement de 50 à 75 % de la masse des graines.

Origine des plantes
Il y a autant de sortes de tourteaux que de plantes oléagineuses exploitées :
 Amande
 Arachide
 Carthame
 Chanvre
 Colza
 Coprah (noix de coco)
 Coton
 Karité : utilisés en cosmétique
 Lin cultivé
 Maïs : tourteaux de germe de maïs
 Moutarde : tourteaux toxiques appelés « drêches » de moutarde
 Navette
 Noix
 Olive : tourteaux appelés « grignons » d'olives
 Palmiste : tourteaux de noyaux de palmier à huile
 Pavot : tourteaux d'œillette ou pavot
 Ricin : tourteaux très toxiques (ricine)
 Sésame
 Soja
 Tournesol

Procédés de fabrication

Les graines doivent être préalablement dépoussiérées et le plus souvent décortiquées ou dépelliculées.

Les graines riches en huile (tournesol, colza, lin) sont d'abord triturées, c'est-à-dire qu'elles sont broyées et pressées. L'huile brute s'écoule à travers un filtre ou une grille, il reste le tourteau gras qui contient encore 10-20 % d'huile. Ensuite pour le tourteau gras et les graines moins riches en huile (soja) on passe au procédé d'extraction.

Trituration

Il existe deux procédés :

 La pression discontinue à froid
Les produits sont broyés. L'huile (surtout d'olive et de noix) est extraite par pressions successives à une température inférieure à . Le rendement est faible, les tourteaux conservant 6 à 12 % de matières grasses.

 La pression continue à chaud
Préchauffées jusqu'à , les graines sont broyées et ensuite pressées dans une vis sans fin où la température atteindra jusqu'à . Le rendement est amélioré (il reste de 4 à 20 % d'huile dans le tourteau, selon les graines et les installations).

Extraction

Pour les tourteaux gras et les graines contenant peu d'huile (soja), l'étape suivante est l'extraction par solvant. On utilise la propriété des lipides de se solubiliser dans des solvants organiques (comme l'hexane) chauffés à 50- puis, par percolation à contre-courant du solvant pendant 4 à 5 heures.

Il faut ensuite distiller le mélange d'huile et de solvant pour les séparer (désolvanisation) par chauffage à 115-  sous aspiration et injection de vapeur.
Le rendement est très supérieur (le coût aussi !), donnant des tourteaux « déshuilés » (0,5 % à 2,5 % d'huile).

Traitements complémentaires
La qualité des tourteaux de soja ou de colza destinés à l'alimentation des ruminants est généralement améliorée par un tannage des protéines. Il s'agit d'un traitement au formol qui permet d'éviter la dégradation de ces protéines dans le rumen des animaux.
Des traitements alternatifs évitant l'emploi du formol sont à l'étude.

Tourteaux gras, "expeller", et tourteaux déshuilés

Les tourteaux déshuilés se présentent sous forme de fines particules, farine (colza…) ou de miettes (soja). Elles peuvent être ré humidifiées et comprimées en granulés (soja, tournesol, coton…).

Les tourteaux gras (colza, lin) sont plus sombres et s'agglomèrent facilement. Les tourteaux gras de colza « fermiers » contiennent entre 10 et 25 % d'huile. Les tourteaux gras industriels sont pressés à chaud et contiennent en général 7 à 12 % d'huile, ils sont dénommés "expeller".

L'essentiel des tourteaux de colza, de tournesol et de soja industriels est vendu déshuilé, les tourteaux gras de lin contiennent généralement 9 ou 16 % d'huile.

Utilisation en alimentation animale
Certains tourteaux sont utilisés en alimentation animale. Ils constituent la  d'aliments la plus importante après les céréales. En effet, ils constituent la principale source de protéines en alimentation animale. Ils contiennent également de la cellulose, qui n'est digestible que par les ruminants. Les tourteaux les plus utilisés sont :
 le soja (près de 70 % des tourteaux consommés en Europe) ;
 le colza ;
 le tournesol.
Le tourteau de soja contient habituellement de 42 à 46 % de protéines sur le poids brut, le tourteau de colza déshuilé 35-36 %, le tourteau de tournesol 28 %.

Le tourteau de colza est peu recommandé comme remplacement du tourteau de soja dans l'alimentation des poules : il n'apporte pas une aussi bonne croissance. Dans le colza, le goût de poisson que produit la sinapine au delà de 5 % dans l'alimentation donne de mauvais résultats.

Autres utilisations
Le tourteau de ricin est utilisé comme répulsif contre taupes et campagnols en agriculture biologique.

Économie

Statistiques françaises de production et d'importation

Situation en Europe
Les négociations dans le cadre de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) et de la Politique agricole commune ont favorisé la spécialisation de l'Union européenne dans les céréales. L'autonomie de l'Europe en protéines végétales n'est que de 22 %, ce qui signifie que l'Europe doit importer 78 % des protéines végétales qu'elle utilise.

Tourteaux de soja
En 2005/2006, l'Union européenne, premier importateur mondial, a acheté 37 millions de tonnes de soja, dont les 2/3 sous forme de tourteaux pour l'alimentation animale. Les pays européens sont très dépendants des pays exportateurs (Amérique du Sud et États-Unis). L'Europe et la France participent ainsi à la déforestation en Amérique latine.

Liens externes
 Valorisation des tourteaux en alimentation animale

Articles connexes
 Tourteau d'arachide
 Tourteau de tournesol

Références

Alimentation animale
Plante oléagineuse


Analog Games aren't just fun. They also often come in interesting boxes featuring beautiful artwork. It's no surprise that a lot of us love to proudly showcase our board game collection on a shelf. In this series, every week one of our fellow board game enthusiasts will exhibit their board game shelf and tell us something about their favorite board and card games. Today we are going to look at the board game shelf of Kris from Indonesia!
Hi Kris, please introduce yourself.
How did you get into this world of non-digital games?
Can you tell us something about your shelves?
What is your favorite game at the moment?
What is your most special or obscure game?
Thank you so much for sharing your story! Something you would like to add?
*This article contains affiliate links. For more details, please read our Affiliate Disclosure.
Would you like to present your board game shelf to the world? Please answer the above questions and include some good quality pictures to your story. Go to this page to submit your story. Subscribe to our online magazine here!


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text:
Update your status with some short Hadiths on Face...
The Power Of Istighfar
Picture Perfect : Treat your children fairly
The Institution of Zakat
Stories of the Prophets - by Mufti Ismail Menk
The Story of France with Firown (Pharaoh)
Is it possible that this mummy in front of me is the one who was chasing Moses?:Professor Maurice Bucaille
THOUGHTS ON FORGIVENESS
One of the best gifts that we can offer ourselves is forgiveness
Miracles Of The Quran
The unprecedented style and the superior wisdom inherent in the Qur'an is conclusive evidence confirming that it is the Word of God.
The Truth About Jesus Christ
Tells the truth about Christianity-How the gospels are unreliable- Audience member shouts at him a few times.
Parent-Child Relationship in Islam
Islam recognises family as a basic social unit. Along with the husband-wife relationship the Parent-child relationship is the most important one
Update your status with some short Hadiths on Facebook, Twitter, and Google+
Let's spread Rasoolullah's (pbuh) words around the globe, update your status on social media
Moderation is one of the attributes of prophethood (Tirmizi).
One who believes in Allah and the life Hereafter must avoid sitting around a table where alcohol is being served (Hakim).
Calling bad names to a believer is sin and fighting with him is tantamount to disbelief (Bukhari).
Good company is better than seclusion and seclusion is better than bad company (Nisai).
One who controls his tongue walks on the path to salvation(Tirmizi).
A believer is a mirror to another. If he sees any fault he informs him (Abu Daud, Tirmizi).
If you have good sentiments for your brother, let him know (Baihaqi).
Cleanliness is an integral part of Faith (Muslim).
Attainment of knowledge is incumbent on a Muslim and a Muslimah(Ibne Majah).
One who greets others first is free of arrogance (Baihaqi).
There is reward for you in kind treatment of all living beings(Bukhari).
The worst name in the sight of Allah is to call oneself "Malik-ul-Malook" [The King of Kings] (Bukhari).
All goodness is linked to wisdom. One who has lost wisdom, will not retain religion (Mishkat).
Always help yourself. If you are riding a horse, and your whip falls on the ground, it is better for you to get off and pick it up rather than asking someone to help you (Abu Daud, Masnade Ahmad).
The most detrimental lie is when a person claims to be an eyewitness of an event of which he actually is not (Bukhari)
One who likes people to stand before him must seek his abode in the hellfire (Abu Daud).
Times will come when you will find people to be like one hundred camels, none of which is fit for riding [i.e. they will be unreliable] (Bukhari) A believer must be prepared to march alone for a noble mission and not depend on others.
Do you know who gets outside of the circle of Islam? One who knowingly helps a zalim [an oppressor] (Baihaqi).Please note that variance in or neglect of rituals does not render a person outside the blessed fold of Islam.
We do not give a position of rank to anyone who covets it (Bukhari).
Most people do not value two blessings: Good health and leisure time(Bukhari).
One who indulges (in vain sport like) chess is nothing but a wrongdoer. (Mishkat).
Obedience of a creation is not permissible in disobedience of the Creator (Bukhari).
One who trails behind in good deeds cannot be put ahead because of his lineage (Bukhari).
O' Fatima, the daughter of Mohammad, O' Safia, the aunt of Mohammad, do some good works for tomorrow. I cannot save you from the law of requital of Allah (Masnade Ahmad, Shafaai).
Remember that the criterion of superiority is your character. It is not your complexion, your lineage, or your wealth (Bukhari, Muslim).
Allah has not endowed cure in what He has forbidden (Bukhari).
None of you can be a believer unless he likes for his brother what he likes for himself (Masnade Ahmad).
Remember that poverty can drive a person to infidelity (Mishkat).
It is sufficient for a person to be a liar that he announces what he hears without due investigation (Maarifil Qur'an)
Nearest to Allah is the one who initiates salutation (MasnadeAhmad, Tirmizi).
Your actions will determine the kind of rulers that govern you (Mishkat, Baihaqi).
People follow the ways of their rulers (Maarifil Qur'an).
What is the life of a believer? When jihad is taking place, he is a participant and when jihad is not taking place, he is in its preparation (Tabarani).
I have left for you a simple religion in which there is no hardship(Bukhari).
I do not want extremism and disenchantment to be seen in your religion (Baihaqi).
There is no monasticism in Islam (Abu Daud).
One who does not thank people has not thanked Allah (MasnadeAhmad, Mazhari).
The Muslim Ummah is all like one body. If one part hurts, the whole body feels the pain (Muslim).
I am leaving one thing after me. If you hold it tight, you will never go astray. That is the Book of Allah (Seerah Shibli).
One whose prayer does not stop him from lewdness and evil, gets farther from Allah (Ehyaul Uloom).
One who lives his life by Divine rules has remembered Allah even though his prayers and fasting are insignificant. One who lives his life in violation of Divine rules has forgotten Allah even though his prayers and fasting are plenty (Qurtabi).
The essence of religion is wishing well for all humanity (Maarafil Qur'an).
Do not prevent the word of wisdom from people who have the ability to understand it (Qurtabi).
Using alcohol and faith cannot be together in one heart (Nisai).
Intoxication is the mother of all evil and the mother of all lewdness(Nisai).
Do not accept a gift from someone whom you have lent money(Bukhari).
When lewdness and usury become rampant in a township, its people have invited the wrath of Allah (Hakim).
One who selects friends and foes on the basis of Divine ideology has perfected his religion (Bukhari, Muslim).
One from whom counsel is sought bears a sacred trust (Tabarani).
Those who pray and hold rosaries worship in vain if they violate the basic tenets of Allah (Maarifil Qur'an).
Just as despair with the mercy of Allah is a great sin, similarly neglecting the law of requital is a great sin (Maarifil Qur'an).
Looking at your parents with kindness brings the reward of an accepted pilgrimage (Baihaqi).
Hurting the feelings of parents brings punishment in both worlds (Baihaqi).
Two habits cannot be together in a believer: miserliness and rudeness (Tirmizi).
Actions done to impress others are a lesser form of shirk (Masnade Ahmad). Shirk means to acknowledge other gods aside from Allah.
An ignorant person who is generous is better in the Sight of Allahthan a worshipper who is miserly (Tirmizi).
When responsibilities are entrusted to the incompetent, beware of a Qayamat [oncoming uprising] (Bukhari).
A just person is the beloved of Allah and an unjust person remains far from His Grace (Maarifil Qur'an).
In the Resurrection, you will be in the company of the Holy Prophet if you love him. (Bukhari)
One who encourages another person to do good receives an equal reward (Mazhari).
Let me tell you the best deeds in Islam. Feed the needy and greet people even though you may not know them (Bukhari, Muslim).
A rider should greet a pedestrian, one who walks should greet the sitting, and a small group should greet the larger group (Bukhari, Muslim).
Action after due contemplation is from Allah, and doing things in haste is from Satan (Mazhari, Bahre Muhit).
One part of the Qur'an explains another. Expounding the Qur'an against its own exposition is not permissible for anyone (Maarifil Qur'an).
You must help the oppressor. How can you help him? Stop him from oppression (Bukhari, Muslim).
A drinker of alcohol is as much a transgressor as an idolworshipper (Ibne Majah)
The advantage of being a Muslim is that a person quits what is vain(Maarifil Qur'an).
Perseverance in adversity brings help from Allah (Tirmizi, MusnadeAhmad).
I am the warner for everyone who receives the Holy Qur'an(Maarifil Qur'an).
Do not waste time in empty criticism of officials. Correct your own actions and Allah will resolve all your problems (Mishkat).
Destitute is the one who finds his parents or either one of them in old age and fails to enter Paradise [because he failed to serve them] (Muslim).
Be mindful of your weights and measures (Abu Daud).
On the Balance of Deeds, the best action will be good conduct withpeople (Abu Daud, Tirmizi).
The very first of your actions that will be judgel is caring for your family (Tabarani).
On the Balance of Deeds, the heaviest deeds will be two: good conduct and timely silence (Maarifil Qur'an).
Just as the use of haram [unlawful] is sin, similarly considering halal [lawful] as haram is also a sin because it violates the Law of Allah (Mazhari, Ruhul Maani).
Do not raise your voices to remember Allah. The best remembrance is that which is in silence (Masnade Ahmad, Baihaqi).
Pray to Allah when you have no doubt in its acceptance (Maarafil Qur'an)
The Religion (Islam) is easy (Maarafil Qur'an).
A man of knowledge [scholar] outstands to a worshipper just as aprophet outstands common people (Bayanul Ilm).
One person who has understanding of religion is stronger against Satan than one thousand worshippers (Tirmizi).
If an evil is committed by you, erase it with a good deed (Masnade Ahmad).
Think well of Allah. You will find Him as you think of Him (Bukhari).
Shun even a possibility of slander (Qurtabi).
Every recipient of blessings in the world has to contend with jealousy (Maarafil Qur'an).
Who is your worst enemy? Your own desire that rebels against Divine Values (Maarafil Qur'an).
The person who keeps telling his miseries has not persevered (Maarafil Qur'an).
Swearing in the name of other than Allah is shirk [polytheism] (Tirmizi).
Give glad tidings to people instead of creating hatred (Bukhari).
Modesty is an integral part of faith (Bukhari).
If modesty is disregarded, you will do as you desire (Bukhari).
One who adopts sincere humility will be raised in rank by Allah (Mazhari).
On the Day of Resurrection, you will be addressed by your and your father's names. Choose good names for yourselves (Qurtabi).
Hellfire is haram [forbidden] for eyes that stay awake for defending the Islamic frontier (Hakim, Baihaqi).
Tribulation is not the only test of character. Wealth and décor of the world will be a greater test for you (Ibne Abi Hatim).
Your Islam can be virtuous only if you quit vain deeds (Bukhari).
Man tends to follow his friends. Therefore think before choosing your friends (Bukhari).
Moderation in spending is one of the signs of wisdom (Ibne Kathir).
Love of wealth and greed for power devour the Islam of a person (Tabarani).
Any unnecessary building will bring tribulation to the one who orders its construction (Abu Daud).
Remember that all towns are the towns of Allah and all men are His servants. Therefore, reside at any place wherever you find decent provision (Masnade Ahmad).
You must provide rest and recreation to your hearts (Abu Daud).
Rushing through walking takes away the dignity of the believer (Jamaa Saghir).
A woman is nearest to Allah when she is at her home (Tirmizi).
Any gathering of people where Allah is not remembered will bring sorrow in the Hereafter (Masnade Ahmad).
The wealth of another is not permissible without his hearty approval (Maarafil Qur'an).
Do justice regardless of whether you are pleased or displeased (Qurtabi).
Never blame a Muslim for a sin from which he has sought repentance (Qurtabi).
When three persons get together, two of them should not indulge in whispering (Bukhari, Muslim).
One who does not refrain from lies and deception while fasting, Allah has no concern with his thirst or hunger (Bukhari).
Giving or receiving loans of gold or silver is usury (Muslim).
The wisdom is obvious here. Because of inflation, the poor will find it difficult to pay back the loan.
During his old age, while Imam Ahmed was traveling he stopped by a town. After the prayers, he wanted to stay for the night in the masjid yard because he didn't know anyone in the town. Owing to his humility, he hadn't introduced himself to anyone thinking that if he did, he would be welcomed by many people.
Failing to recognize Ahmed Ibn Hanbal, the caretaker of the mosque refused to let him stay in the mosque. Imam Ahmed tried numerous times, but the guard did not accept his requests. Frustrated, Imam Ahmed resolved to spend the night in the masjid yard. The guard became furious. As Imam Ahmed was quite old, the caretaker had to drag him out of the mosque. On seeing this, a baker from a nearby place felt pity for this man (Imam Ahmed) and offered to be the host to him for the night. During his stay with the baker, Imam Ahmed observed that the baker would constantly recite Istighfar (seek forgiveness from Allah). Imam Ahmed asked the baker if the constant practice of saying Istighfar had any effect on him.
The baker responded, "By Allah! No duaa (supplication to God) I made except that it was answered but one."
"And what is that?" asked Imam Ahmed.
"To be able to see the famed Imam Ahmed Ibn Hanbal!" Replied the baker.
On this, Imam Ahmed Ibn Hanbal said that "Allah had not only listened to his dua but had dragged him (Imam Ibn Hanbal onto his (the baker's) doorsteps."
[Summarized from Al Jumuah magazine, vol 19, issue 7]
The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: "Fear Allah and treat all your children fairly." (Book -Muslim)
Treat Your Children Fairly So That They Can Treat Their Future Children Fairly ! And Good Parents Are The Best Example For Their Children !
Zakat occupies an important position in Islamic law and the Islamic social system. It is not given as a favour nor as a gift but is rather as a duty where the amount is calculated in accordance with divine instruction. It is a major Islamic duty either given by the individual or collected by the state in order to fulfill a particular social service. The one who gives it does not hold favour for doing so, and the beneficiary does not have to beg for it; the Islamic social system could never be based on begging.
The institution of Zakat works to fulfill the basic needs of the Muslim community. It strikes a balance between the economics of socialism and its call for equal distribution, and that of capitalism and how it concentrates wealth into the hands of the elite.
Zakat is not simply regarded as a tax, it is an act of worship which may be described as financial worship. Failure to properly discharge the obligation is a sin that incurs Allah's wrath and is a cause for the loss of divine protection over one's assets. It is also regarded as a factor that may justify punishment in the afterlife.
For Muslims, this is part of the belief system that denies absolute capital accumulation in the portfolios of those at the pinnacle of economic life. Rejecting the order of Zakat was equated by the first Caliph, Abu Bakr, to be a violation that sanctioned the waging of war against those who either denied it or refrained from giving it.
"Take Zakah from their wealth to purify and cleanse them"- [Quran 9:103]
If the rich were to adhere to the concept of Zakat, absolute poverty would seize to exist and global poverty would be greatly reduced, and undeniably, due to the good conduct of man, Allah would place barakah in the nation's wealth, thus removing poverty. When Allah places barakah in a matter it increases in its capacity and outcome.
The Muslims witnessed such an era during the reign of Umar bin Abdul-Aziz, so much in fact that the Zakat collected was said to have been used to sponsor those who needed financial help in getting married, as the number of poor people willing to accept Zakat had diminished. It is unfortunate that this notion of divine blessing is often neglected in contemporary discourses on Islamic finance. Beyond the recipients of Zakat, Muslims are to assist each other with Sadaqah
Zakath & The 8 Receivers
Zakat-ul-Fitr (Ramadan obligatory charity)
12 tips for teens on how to help the poor and needy
Does the world produce enough food to feed everyone?