Happy Memorial Day everyone! and what better deck to present from my collection than the Forty and Eight Veterans deck!
I scored these off of Ebay for 30$ for the pair. I saw 5 of them go for 15 a week earlier…..missed that one T_T. Blue one was open, near new, red one was sealed and I opened it. Pretty solid cards. Don't have a year for them though as the Litho Ace of Spades has no serial number. Also comes with those 2 shield jokers.
Anyways, the logo is from Forty and Eight Veterans according to ebay, and a number of these decks were made for the organization. The seal stamp seems to be the tearable stampy kind, so its vintage in a sense. The feel of the card stock is that waxy snappy old casino card feel, has a pretty strong snap out of the box for its age. The cards don't have any of that air cushion holes though.
Back design, its pretty minimal with a one way design, good for flourishing, not so much card magic unless you dont care for one way backs. The box is simple and reads poker cards and playing cards. Its got that long tongue flap too which dates the box a while back as well. Well. which one is it? they're poker size though.
I would definitely get more if they show up on ebay, seems pretty rare to find. If anyone has any info on these decks feel free to drop a comment.
So clean. So Crisp. So vintage. Wow.
Tune in next time for another mild installment of Kudos' Stash!


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A lot has changed for the Basalt High School girls tennis team in two years. In that time — which accounts for the entirety of its existence — it's gone from a small junior varsity group to a full-fledged varsity team.
The only time Abby Gridley sleeps is in between the blinks. Besides that, the Central High School athlete is on the grind.
Poude's Ky Ecton, Niwot's Lucy Lu, and Peak to Peak's Trisha Somasundaram head the 2018 all-state girls tennis teams.
Lakewood's No. 4 doubles team makes a little history advancing to championship match at Class 5A girls tennis state tournament.
Cherry Creek won the team title, and Poudre's Ky Ecton captured No. 1 singles at the Class 5A girls tennis state championships.


Loafers Soul ...Natural Soul By Naturalizer Vovo Loafers Feature A Two-tone Or Solid Faux Leather Upper, Cushioned Foot Bed, And A Durable Man Made Out Sole With.
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About The Loafers Soul ...Natural Soul by Naturalizer Vovo loafers feature a two-tone or solid faux leather upper, cushioned foot bed, and a.
More from Loafers Soul ...Natural Soul By Naturalizer Vovo Loafers Feature A Two-tone Or Solid Faux Leather Upper, Cushioned Foot Bed, And A Durable Man Made Out Sole With.


text:
'use strict'

import SCNAction from './SCNAction'
import SCNActionTimingMode from './SCNActionTimingMode'
import SCNNode from './SCNNode'
import _InstanceOf from '../util/_InstanceOf'

export default class SCNActionFade extends SCNAction {
  static get _propTypes() {
    return {
      _actions: 'NSArray',
      _finished: 'boolean',
      _duration: 'float',
      _timingMode: 'integer',
      _beginTime: 'float',
      _isRunning: 'boolean',
      _pausedTime: 'float',

      name: ['string', null]
    }
  }

  /**
   * constructor
   * @access public
   * @constructor
   */
  constructor() {
    super()

    this._actions = []
    this._finished = false
    this._duration = 0
    this._timingMode = SCNActionTimingMode.linear
    this._beginTime = 0
    this._isRunning = false
    this._pausedTime = 0

    this._toValue = null
    this._byValue = null
  }

  /**
   * Creates an action that changes the opacity of the node to 1.0.
   * @access public
   * @param {number} sec - The duration, in seconds, of the animation.
   * @returns {SCNAction} -
   * @desc When the action executes, the node's opacity property animates from its current value to 1.0.This action is reversible; the reverse is created as if the following code had been executed:[SCNAction fadeOutWithDuration: sec];
[SCNAction fadeOutWithDuration: sec];

   * @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/scenekit/scnaction/1522777-fadein
   */
  static fadeInDuration(sec) {
    const action = new SCNActionFade()
    action._toValue = 1
    action._duration = sec
    return action
  }

  /**
   * Creates an action that changes the opacity of the node to 0.0.
   * @access public
   * @param {number} sec - The duration, in seconds, of the animation.
   * @returns {SCNAction} -
   * @desc When the action executes, the node's opacity property animates from its current value to 0.0.This action is reversible; the reverse is created as if the following code had been executed:[SCNAction fadeInWithDuration: sec];
[SCNAction fadeInWithDuration: sec];

   * @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/scenekit/scnaction/1523922-fadeout
   */
  static fadeOutDuration(sec) {
    const action = new SCNActionFade()
    action._toValue = 0
    action._duration = sec
    return action
  }

  /**
   * Creates an action that adjusts the opacity of a node by a relative value.
   * @access public
   * @param {number} factor - The amount to change the node's opacity by.
   * @param {number} sec - The duration, in seconds, of the animation.
   * @returns {SCNAction} -
   * @desc When the action executes, the node's opacity property animates to its new value.This action is reversible; the reverse is created as if the following code had been executed:[SCNAction fadeOpacityBy: -factor duration: sec];
[SCNAction fadeOpacityBy: -factor duration: sec];

   * @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/scenekit/scnaction/1523595-fadeopacity
   */
  static fadeOpacityByDuration(factor, sec) {
    const action = new SCNActionFade()
    action._byValue = factor
    action._duration = sec
    return action
  }

  /**
   * Creates an action that adjusts the opacity of a node to a new value.
   * @access public
   * @param {number} opacity - The new opacity value of the node.
   * @param {number} sec - The duration, in seconds, of the animation.
   * @returns {SCNAction} -
   * @desc When the action executes, the node's opacity property animates to its new value.This action is not reversible; the reverse of this action has the same duration but does not change anything.
   * @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/scenekit/scnaction/1523875-fadeopacity
   */
  static fadeOpacityToDuration(opacity, sec) {
    const action = new SCNActionFade()
    action._toValue = opacity
    action._duration = sec
    return action
  }

  /**
   * @access public
   * @returns {SCNActionFade} -
   */
  copy() {
    const action = super.copy()

    action._toValue = this._toValue
    action._byValue = this._byValue
    action._duration = this._duration

    return action
  }

  /**
   * apply action to the given node.
   * @access private
   * @param {Object} obj - target object to apply this action.
   * @param {number} time - active time
   * @param {boolean} [needTimeConversion = true] -
   * @returns {void}
   */
  _applyAction(obj, time, needTimeConversion = true) {
    const t = this._getTime(time, needTimeConversion)
    if(!_InstanceOf(obj, SCNNode)){
      throw new Error(`unsupported class for SCNActionFade: ${obj.constructor.name}`)
    }

    const baseValue = obj._opacity
    let toValue = 0
    if(this._toValue !== null){
      toValue = this._toValue
    }else if(this._byValue !== null){
      toValue = baseValue + this._byValue
    }else{
      throw new Error('both toValue and byValue are null')
    }

    const value = this._lerp(baseValue, toValue, t)
    //console.warn(`opacity time: ${time}, t: ${t}, base: ${baseValue}, to: ${toValue}, val: ${value}`)
    obj.presentation._opacity = value

    if(this._finished){
      obj._opacity = toValue
    }
  }
}

SCNAction.fadeInDuration = SCNActionFade.fadeInDuration
SCNAction.fadeOutDuration = SCNActionFade.fadeOutDuration
SCNAction.fadeOpacityByDuration = SCNActionFade.fadeOpacityByDuration
SCNAction.fadeOpacityToDuration = SCNActionFade.fadeOpacityToDuration

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


"Niagara families have waited long enough for a new hospital in Niagara Falls. When the mental health and the maternity wards were taken out of the current Niagara Falls Hospital, families were told that they would be replaced in a the new, state-of-the-art hospital. That hasn't happened — years later and families are still forced to drive across the region for these services.
It has, indeed, been a while – six years this spring, at this point – since a site for another new hospital in Niagara, Ontario (following the opening of a brand new hospital complex in west St. Catharines) was announced in the southwest end of Niagara Falls near the QEW highway and Lyon's Creek.
Niagara Falls MPP Wayne Gates, whose provincial riding includes Niagara Falls, Fort Erie and Niagara-on-the-Lake, has remained consistent in his efforts to press, first the now former Ontario Liberal government, and now Doug Ford's Conservative government, to get on with the job of building this hospital at a cost that could approach a billion or more dollars.
First, is this really the best location for a new hospital that is intended to serve residents in Fort Erie, Welland, Port Colborne and Wainfleet as well as Niagara Falls? There has been at least a portion of the residents in Welland and Port Colborne, in particular, who have disagreed from the start with this Niagara Falls location as a good middle-ground site for a new hospital that was billed by the province and Niagara Health System to serve residents in the region's south end.
This billboard, way out in Niagara Falls southwest end, has been up since the spring of 2013, and not another shovel in the ground since. Is this the best location for a new hospital to serve all of south Niagara?
Second, the site in Niagara Falls' southwest end looks like it is out in the middle of a rural green area with very few buildings nearby.
But if a new hospital actually goes there, there will be a great deal of pressure to develop the lands around the site, including possibly the roughly 500 acres of Thundering Water Forest and wetlands a little east of the proposed site for the hospital.
There is already concern that the China-based investors in a proposed residential and commercial community in the Thundering Waters Forest area are citing plans for the new hospital as a selling point for their proposal.
That is if there is even enough money at hand to build a new hospital at all.


I finally figured it out - I remember this from a What's New 2016 and remember it being really tricky and stupid but I dug through some old youtube videos and re-discovered it.
Create the balloon or note, attach it to whatever component of the subassembly you are trying to grab.
Select link to property Choose selected component or component annotation is attached to etc.
This can be very un-intuitive because the pop-up doesn't actually have the subassembly name. It's kinda weird how they are named in the pop. Pay attention to your feature manager tree, from there it will highlight the subassembly and you will know you've picked the right one.
Drink beer and enjoy your hard work. Receive infinite praises and raises from your boss. Take the stock option and revile as your companies profits rise. Retire to Hawaii with Trump money.
This is great, but apparently is a recent addition. My SW2014 does not have the "or other drawing view" option.
Great tip. I have tried to do this before and didn't figure it out (no time to learn sometimes). Now you can just select the assembly from the tree.
You can - In your Assembly Template add a sketch and in that sketch add a Text Sketch and type in the tip in the Text area, then close the sketch and suppress it. Now all you need to do is hover your mouse pointer over the suppressed sketch in the feature tree and it will show..
My Assembly Template - underlined is the suppressed Sketch Text (This isn't a note) this is a Text Sketch..
An alternative (without creating extra sketches that take up memory) is to RMB on something that is already there (like your front plane) and add a comment.
Or add something very small and add the comment to that.
Then you can hover over the plane and the comment will show up.


At LimmudNY, I heard Rabbi Yitz Greenberg (who, incidentally, is surprisingly hilarious) speak about people being created in the image of God, what that means, and what that means for human sexuality and Jewish sexual ethics. What I got out of it is not directly about sexual ethics, but rather a more simple message that should be obvious, and might be obvious to others, but was just on the brink of obviousness to me. This pushed the nascent, recently-developed thought over the edge into unalterable reality.
Adam and Eve were created in the image of God and we were all created from Adam and Eve. Yet, miraculously, we are all different from each other. No two people are alike. Our uniqueness and our Godliness are one and the same, since they come from the same place.
What of this uniqueness? Who cares?
When we love people, when we really connect to people, we love them because of their unique identities. We love them for precisely the things that make them different from everyone else we know. When Rabbi Greenberg said that, I realized that it was true in my own life, about all of the people I love. I know that I certainly wouldn't love them more if they were more like someone else.
Therefore, the person who will ultimately love me more than anyone else is also going to love me for what is uniquely me about me.
I also realized that I only want to end up with someone who will love me for my singularity. I don't seek perfection in a potential partner by any means, but anything less than someone who loves me for who I really am is not acceptable.
Clarification: I'm not suggesting that someone has to love me for my singular ability to be late or for my singular ability to let papers accumulate until the piles are too high for words. No, what I mean is that I want someone to love me for all the things that I love about myself, even as I strive to fix the things that I don't love about myself.
I think that I may be getting to a place where I can finally say that I like x, y, or z about myself, without worrying that that's a bad, egotistical thing. And for that, I am extremely grateful.
All in all, not a bad set of realizations for one weekend! Thank you, LimmudNY.
: ) Thank you for this post. Its beautiful.
agreed. I wish I could have been to that session, but I could say that about a lot of sessions.


A sensory overload is in order for anyone visiting the new show at the McColl Center for Visual Art.
Thresholds, a series of experiential installations by Quynh Vantu that fills the entire first floor gallery space, is divided into two parts: one involving thresholds — resembling free-standing, three-sided door frames — and one involving light. Your senses will be toyed with, tricked and heightened throughout the experience.
The show demands viewer submission at the outset: A white sheet hangs from the threshold dividing the center's vestibule from the exhibition space, reaching down to chest level. Visitors must duck beneath it, bowing in a humble posture in order to experience the art the building houses. Wall text starts above and visually intrudes into a knee-level, projected video of a temple in Korea.
The exhibition continues with a stream of six thresholds, each one leading into the next and aligned in the three-story atrium. While normally, the purpose of a threshold is to transition a person from one space to another room, these lead to no such rooms, meaning the artist intends the most significant part of the experience to be the moment within the threshold itself. The decision to use repeated constructs, a series of thresholds in a straight line, is a thoughtful response to the McColl building's original neo-Gothic architecture.
The thresholds are about the size of connecting doorways in a house, and the first four are padded with acoustical foam. Because of transformations in air pressure, a visitor might experience a heightening of sinus pressure, muffled hearing or other strange but brief phenomena. In the last two thresholds, a balance of heat and light is achieved. First, visitors feel the uncomfortable blare of heat lamps, and next, a cool breeze from the small fans that line the threshold's interior.
The second portion of the exhibition is an investigation of light. The gallery is completely dark except for three white grids emerging from light projectors onto the walls. Disorienting at first, it begs for interaction. The smell of a fog machine permeates the room and, as visitors walk through, its purpose dawns: creating a haze to filter through these panes and define the light shooting across the room. The comprehension that the artwork is more about this light than any objects on which it projects emerges; traversing these beams makes visitors feel less solid and more transmutable.
There is a bigger question involved that Vantu doesn't effectively address. The exhibition functions more as a playful funhouse than a catalyst to make us question our physical relationship to architecture. The emotional impact is negligible. Despite this, the show is highly enjoyable.
A larger, more important aspect of this exhibition is that it defines the McColl Center artist residencies as "really being an incubation period of new works," according to curator Brad Thomas. In a tour of the exhibition, he explained that this show and last fall's Joseph Herscher show are both "a positive step forward" in terms of commissioning the artists-in-residence to produce work that can be shown at the McColl.
In addition to architecture degrees from Cranbrook Academy and Virginia Tech, Vantu has a long list of residencies and fellowships from around the globe. Here at the McColl Center, her sphere of impact was architecture, and she spent her three-month residency developing the work on view. Her relevancy at the Center lies in her refusal to differentiate between art and architecture, and a belief that they have equal power to communicate emotion and transform viewers.


Sarah Forshaw (@Forshawsarah) and Miss Amy May (@miss_amy_may) are southern belle and southern brit pinups, respectively, who found one another on Instagram part way through their pinup transformations in mid 2013, at which point they tentatively, then all of a sudden, become devoted and divine friends. Bonding over their urge to bring full on glamour to their every day lives, their shared opinions on cake, and their fierce nerd hearts, the two quickly began to look upon one another as fabulous sisters–who simply hadn't met yet outside the confines of the interwebs. Due to finally meet IRL to share many squishy hugs and swing-skirted spins in fall 2015, they're opening up their friendship and their closets to you in this shared blog post while they eagerly await their meeting. It's been quite a while since my darling Sarah and I have been able to join forces for another installment in our The Brit & The Belle series, but finally we're ready to share another joint post with you. Sarah and I are alike on many different levels, too many to list. Two of the easiest to focus on is our shared belief that a good dress is a terrible thing to waste by waiting for a good excuse to wear it, and our love for Pinup Girl Clothing. The combination of those two things means we both happen to own the same fabulous dress in the same colourway, the orange and purple Pinup Girl Clothing Hawaiian Hideaway dress. We don't want to taunt you too much with this dress because unfortunately it's now out of stock after going on super sale at $60 down from $160–yeah, no wonder that bad girl sold out, and fast. (Such a sale is part of the Pinup Girl Clothing Online Yard Sale, where no item is over $60 and the sale section is updated regularly.) So while we'd like to focus a little on the dress and it's fit to give you PUG newbies an idea of the brand's quality, we want to focus as well on the parts of us that aren't so similar; our differing sizes, shapes, colouring and styles. I, Amy, am pale and red-headed compared to Sarah's olive skin and rich brown hair. I'm an L/XL in most reproduction style clothing, curvy, modest of bust and generally quite soft around all my edges, while Sarah is, despite being my same height and curvy herself, much more slender, toned, and a touch broader of shoulder, a dainty size S-M. We admire each other's styles but don't often find our wardrobes overlap–in part, though, possibly due more to Sarah's admirable shopping restraint and my lack thereof. To us, this dress is fun, classic, summery and stylish. In the L it fits me snugly without being uncomfortable, the pockets are handy (no pun intended,) and I feel a bit like a tropical princess despite the fact that where I live in England we have probably never had even a second's worth of weather that can be deemed tropical. As my lovely counterpart stated it is not often she and I have the same pieces, because I tend to be more restrained in my spending (buyer's remorse is a beast) and Amy is far bolder than me and is more likely to snap up what she wants. I feel the same could be said of our styling, I tend to be a bit more reserved and Amy lives by the motto "Go Big or Go Home…and then relax in your curlers and yoga pants." To be completely honest she's my hero. Despite these difference in our style and shopping habits neither one of us could resist the charms of the Hawaiian Hideaway. I found the fit of this gem to be comparable to the fit of PUG's Ella, decent room for the girls but not baggy, cinched waist but not suffocating, and the skirt is what dreams are made of. The Hawaiian Hideaway made me feel as lovely and as exotic as Dorothy Lamour. The cut of this dress is not only flattering on both of us, but the bold colouring works on both of us and our differing colourings; the bolero can be used as a safety blanket for ladies who are perhaps less happy with their arms, like Amy is, or simply for the killer style bonus that it is, while I'm happy to rock the dress bolero free and bare shouldered. In our differing sizes of S and L it looks just as lovely, and can be worn with petticoat and without. It's an easy dress to save for vacations and tropical themed events, parties or restaurants, but we think it's important that no woman stares at a dress in her closet and repeatedly pushes it aside because she doesn't want people to stare, to think she's tried too hard, to ponder where she's going or to scoff and deign it 'too much.' None of that matters. If we give in to the notion that clothes are nothing more than a way to cover up our socially-deemed-unviewable body parts then we lose a rich, fun and wonderful way to express ourselves, not only our personalities but also our views on life. Wearing a dress you like when you like for no reason other than wanting to express that you like it is a tiny, unimportant, joyful act of rebellion, of stylish stubbornness, of expression and chicness and certainty. And we Brit and Belle both fully support all of those things.


text:
Troup -- Bringer
Posted: Jul. 28, 2019 12:01 am Updated: Aug. 12, 2019 8:14 am
Miss Breanna Bringer and Michael Troup Jr., both of Quincy, Ill., were married June 8, 2019.
The bride is a daughter of Bob and Beth Bringer, of Quincy, Ill. She is a 2000 graduate of Quincy High School, a graduate of Western Illinois University, with a bachelor of science in psychology, a graduate of Quincy University with a master of science in education in counseling, and a graduate of Blessing-Rieman College of Nursing with a bachelor of science in nursing. She currently works as a registered nurse at Blessing Hospital.
The groom is a son of Mike and Sharon Troup, of Quincy, Ill. He is a 2003 graduate of Quincy High School, a graduate of Quincy University with a bachelor of arts in psychology, and a graduate of Quincy University with a master of science in education in counseling. He works as a licensed professional counselor at Blessing Hospital.
The wedding ceremony started at 5 p.m. at Pointe D'Vine, Quincy, Ill. The bride was given in marriage by her parents. Josh Vahle officiated.
Matrons of honor were best friend of the bride, Emilee Hill of Hannibal, Mo., and cousin of the bride, Kayla McBride of Hannibal, Mo.
Bridesmaids were friends of the bride, Niki St. Hill of Quincy, Ill., and Chassidy Schroder of LaGrange, Mo.
Best man was brother of the groom, Blaine Troup, of Quincy, Ill.
Groomsmen were brother of the groom, Jensen Troup of Quincy, Ill., cousin of the groom, George Crickard IV of Quincy, Ill., and uncle of the groom, George Crickard III, of Quincy, Ill.
The usher was brother of the bride, Brandon Bringer, of Quincy, Ill.
The flower girls were Ellee Hill and Maggie McBride, both of Hannibal, Mo.
The rehearsal dinner, hosted by Mike and Sharon Troup, was held June 7, 2019, at Quincy Country Club.
The reception was held at 7 p.m. at Pointe D'Vine.
The newlyweds are at home in Quincy, Ill., after a honeymoon at Saint George's, Grenada.
More In Weddings
Farley -- Klene wedding
Miss Alyssa Klene and Mr. David Farley, both of Chicago, Ill., were married at 2 p.m. Nov. 9, 2019, at Church of St. Peter, Quincy, Ill. The bride is a daughter of Thomas and Ann Klene of Quincy. She is a 2011 graduate of Quincy Notre Dame, Quincy,
Business Hall of Fame adds Conover, Gerdes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Is this Buddhist statue happy or sad? Researchers used AI to find out
by Sam Littlefair| March 29, 2019
Researchers in Japan used facial analysis software to analyze the enigmatic expression of a 1200-year-old Buddhist masterpiece.
The famous Ashura sculpture at Kofukuji Temple in Japan has captivated worshippers for 1200 years.
Is this Buddhist sculpture "happy" or "sad"? Like the Mona Lisa, the expression of the face the Ashura deva sculpture at Kofukuji Temple in Japan has eluded visitors for centuries. Now, researchers have used artificial intelligence to shed light on the statue's expression.
Ashura is one of the Buddha's eight protectors. Kofukuji's famous masterpiece sculpture of Ashura is 1200 years old and designated as a Japanese national treasure. The statue was likely sculpted to appear indifferent, as was the style in Japanese Buddhist sculpture. As a result, the sculpture's expression is elusive and enigmatic, and many visitors see an expression that reflects their own emotional state.
According to a news release from Microsoft, researchers believed they could learn more about the sculptors and their models by using Microsoft's facial analysis AI.
"We wanted to look at how the statues came to be shaped by their sculptors before they were enshrined in religious surroundings as objects of worship," said researcher Syun'ichi Sekine, in a news release from Microsoft.
The researchers also created a website (in Japanese) where you can compare your own facial expression against the Buddhist sculptures in their database.
The researchers found that the statue appears happier viewed from the left, and sadder viewed from the right. They also learned that the statue appears to have the face of a 23-year-old.
Some Buddhists would likely criticize such analysis as defining something that is meant to be enigmatic. The researchers were cognizant of the fact that scrutinizing religious imagery might be "crossing a line that many believe should not be crossed," said Sekine. "If people believe it is imprudent for human beings to judge Buddha, then maybe entrusting the process to AI is a way of objectifying such judgments."
The researchers also created a website, in Japanese, where visitors can upload their own photos to get matched with a Buddhist statue with a similar expression.
Topics: Breaking News, Internet & Technology, Japan, News, Statue
Japanese students prevent Buddhist statue theft by creating 3D-printed copies
by Haleigh Atwood
Do Buddhists worship idols?
Watch "The Eye-Opener," a beautiful short film about making Buddhist statuary
by Rod Meade Sperry


text:
Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral microcirculation during early reperfusion after stroke
Leslie S. Ritter, Jose A. Orozco, Bruce M. Coull, Paul F. McDonagh
Physiological Sciences - GIDP
Medicine - Tucson, College of
Background and Purpose - Leukocytes contribute to cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury. However, few experimental models examine both in vivo behavior of leukocytes and microvascular rheology after stroke. The purpose of the present study was to characterize patterns of leukocyte accumulation in the cerebral microcirculation and to examine the relationship between leukocyte accumulation and microcirculatory hemodynamics after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO-R). Methods - Male rats (250 to 350 g) were anesthetized and ventilated. Tail catheters were inserted for measurement of arterial blood gases and administration of drugs. Body temperature was maintained at 37°C. Animals were subjected to 2 hours of MCAO by the filament method. A cranial-window preparation was performed, and the brain was superfused with warm, aerated artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Reperfusion was initiated by withdrawing the filament, and the pial microcirculation was observed by use of intravital fluorescence microscopy. Leukocyte accumulation in venules, arterioles, and capillaries; leukocyte rolling in venules; and leukocyte venular shear rate were assessed during 1 hour of reperfusion. Results - We found significant leukocyte adhesion in cerebral venules during 1 hour of reperfusion after 2 hours of MCAO. Leukocyte trapping in capillaries and adhesion to arterioles after MCAO-R tended to increase compared with controls, but the increase was not significant. We also found that shear rate was significantly reduced in venules during early reperfusion after MCAO. Conclusions - A model using the filament method of stroke and fluorescence microscopy was used to examine white-cell behavior and hemodynamics in the cerebral microcirculation after MCAO-R. We observed a significant increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion in venules and a significant decrease in blood shear rate in the microcirculation of the brain during early reperfusion. Leukocytes may activate and damage the blood vessels and surrounding brain cells, which contributes to an exaggerated inflammatory component to reperfusion. The model described can be used to examine precisely blood cell-endothelium interactions and hemodynamic changes in the microcirculation during postischemic reperfusion. Information from these and similar experiments may contribute to our understanding of the early inflammatory response in the brain during reperfusion after stroke.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.31.5.1153
Blood flow velocity
Leukocytes
Middle cerebral artery occlusion
Reperfusion
Advanced and Specialized Nursing
10.1161/01.STR.31.5.1153
Dive into the research topics of 'Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral microcirculation during early reperfusion after stroke'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Microcirculation Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Reperfusion Medicine & Life Sciences 82%
Hemodynamics Medicine & Life Sciences 69%
Stroke Medicine & Life Sciences 64%
Venules Medicine & Life Sciences 56%
Leukocyte Rolling Medicine & Life Sciences 27%
Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction Medicine & Life Sciences 20%
Ritter, L. S., Orozco, J. A., Coull, B. M., & McDonagh, P. F. (2000). Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral microcirculation during early reperfusion after stroke. Stroke, 31(5), 1153-1161. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.31.5.1153
Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral microcirculation during early reperfusion after stroke. / Ritter, Leslie S.; Orozco, Jose A.; Coull, Bruce M. et al.
In: Stroke, Vol. 31, No. 5, 05.2000, p. 1153-1161.
Ritter, LS, Orozco, JA, Coull, BM & McDonagh, PF 2000, 'Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral microcirculation during early reperfusion after stroke', Stroke, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1153-1161. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.31.5.1153
Ritter LS, Orozco JA, Coull BM, McDonagh PF. Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral microcirculation during early reperfusion after stroke. Stroke. 2000 May;31(5):1153-1161. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.31.5.1153
Ritter, Leslie S. ; Orozco, Jose A. ; Coull, Bruce M. et al. / Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral microcirculation during early reperfusion after stroke. In: Stroke. 2000 ; Vol. 31, No. 5. pp. 1153-1161.
@article{d9207d5856044a12b2ed74f05637bcd5,
title = "Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral microcirculation during early reperfusion after stroke",
abstract = "Background and Purpose - Leukocytes contribute to cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury. However, few experimental models examine both in vivo behavior of leukocytes and microvascular rheology after stroke. The purpose of the present study was to characterize patterns of leukocyte accumulation in the cerebral microcirculation and to examine the relationship between leukocyte accumulation and microcirculatory hemodynamics after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO-R). Methods - Male rats (250 to 350 g) were anesthetized and ventilated. Tail catheters were inserted for measurement of arterial blood gases and administration of drugs. Body temperature was maintained at 37°C. Animals were subjected to 2 hours of MCAO by the filament method. A cranial-window preparation was performed, and the brain was superfused with warm, aerated artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Reperfusion was initiated by withdrawing the filament, and the pial microcirculation was observed by use of intravital fluorescence microscopy. Leukocyte accumulation in venules, arterioles, and capillaries; leukocyte rolling in venules; and leukocyte venular shear rate were assessed during 1 hour of reperfusion. Results - We found significant leukocyte adhesion in cerebral venules during 1 hour of reperfusion after 2 hours of MCAO. Leukocyte trapping in capillaries and adhesion to arterioles after MCAO-R tended to increase compared with controls, but the increase was not significant. We also found that shear rate was significantly reduced in venules during early reperfusion after MCAO. Conclusions - A model using the filament method of stroke and fluorescence microscopy was used to examine white-cell behavior and hemodynamics in the cerebral microcirculation after MCAO-R. We observed a significant increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion in venules and a significant decrease in blood shear rate in the microcirculation of the brain during early reperfusion. Leukocytes may activate and damage the blood vessels and surrounding brain cells, which contributes to an exaggerated inflammatory component to reperfusion. The model described can be used to examine precisely blood cell-endothelium interactions and hemodynamic changes in the microcirculation during postischemic reperfusion. Information from these and similar experiments may contribute to our understanding of the early inflammatory response in the brain during reperfusion after stroke.",
keywords = "Blood flow velocity, Fluorescence, Leukocytes, Microscopy, Middle cerebral artery occlusion, Rats, Reperfusion",
author = "Ritter, {Leslie S.} and Orozco, {Jose A.} and Coull, {Bruce M.} and McDonagh, {Paul F.}",
doi = "10.1161/01.STR.31.5.1153",
journal = "Stroke",
T1 - Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral microcirculation during early reperfusion after stroke
AU - Ritter, Leslie S.
AU - Orozco, Jose A.
AU - Coull, Bruce M.
AU - McDonagh, Paul F.
N2 - Background and Purpose - Leukocytes contribute to cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury. However, few experimental models examine both in vivo behavior of leukocytes and microvascular rheology after stroke. The purpose of the present study was to characterize patterns of leukocyte accumulation in the cerebral microcirculation and to examine the relationship between leukocyte accumulation and microcirculatory hemodynamics after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO-R). Methods - Male rats (250 to 350 g) were anesthetized and ventilated. Tail catheters were inserted for measurement of arterial blood gases and administration of drugs. Body temperature was maintained at 37°C. Animals were subjected to 2 hours of MCAO by the filament method. A cranial-window preparation was performed, and the brain was superfused with warm, aerated artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Reperfusion was initiated by withdrawing the filament, and the pial microcirculation was observed by use of intravital fluorescence microscopy. Leukocyte accumulation in venules, arterioles, and capillaries; leukocyte rolling in venules; and leukocyte venular shear rate were assessed during 1 hour of reperfusion. Results - We found significant leukocyte adhesion in cerebral venules during 1 hour of reperfusion after 2 hours of MCAO. Leukocyte trapping in capillaries and adhesion to arterioles after MCAO-R tended to increase compared with controls, but the increase was not significant. We also found that shear rate was significantly reduced in venules during early reperfusion after MCAO. Conclusions - A model using the filament method of stroke and fluorescence microscopy was used to examine white-cell behavior and hemodynamics in the cerebral microcirculation after MCAO-R. We observed a significant increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion in venules and a significant decrease in blood shear rate in the microcirculation of the brain during early reperfusion. Leukocytes may activate and damage the blood vessels and surrounding brain cells, which contributes to an exaggerated inflammatory component to reperfusion. The model described can be used to examine precisely blood cell-endothelium interactions and hemodynamic changes in the microcirculation during postischemic reperfusion. Information from these and similar experiments may contribute to our understanding of the early inflammatory response in the brain during reperfusion after stroke.
AB - Background and Purpose - Leukocytes contribute to cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury. However, few experimental models examine both in vivo behavior of leukocytes and microvascular rheology after stroke. The purpose of the present study was to characterize patterns of leukocyte accumulation in the cerebral microcirculation and to examine the relationship between leukocyte accumulation and microcirculatory hemodynamics after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO-R). Methods - Male rats (250 to 350 g) were anesthetized and ventilated. Tail catheters were inserted for measurement of arterial blood gases and administration of drugs. Body temperature was maintained at 37°C. Animals were subjected to 2 hours of MCAO by the filament method. A cranial-window preparation was performed, and the brain was superfused with warm, aerated artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Reperfusion was initiated by withdrawing the filament, and the pial microcirculation was observed by use of intravital fluorescence microscopy. Leukocyte accumulation in venules, arterioles, and capillaries; leukocyte rolling in venules; and leukocyte venular shear rate were assessed during 1 hour of reperfusion. Results - We found significant leukocyte adhesion in cerebral venules during 1 hour of reperfusion after 2 hours of MCAO. Leukocyte trapping in capillaries and adhesion to arterioles after MCAO-R tended to increase compared with controls, but the increase was not significant. We also found that shear rate was significantly reduced in venules during early reperfusion after MCAO. Conclusions - A model using the filament method of stroke and fluorescence microscopy was used to examine white-cell behavior and hemodynamics in the cerebral microcirculation after MCAO-R. We observed a significant increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion in venules and a significant decrease in blood shear rate in the microcirculation of the brain during early reperfusion. Leukocytes may activate and damage the blood vessels and surrounding brain cells, which contributes to an exaggerated inflammatory component to reperfusion. The model described can be used to examine precisely blood cell-endothelium interactions and hemodynamic changes in the microcirculation during postischemic reperfusion. Information from these and similar experiments may contribute to our understanding of the early inflammatory response in the brain during reperfusion after stroke.
KW - Blood flow velocity
KW - Leukocytes
KW - Microscopy
KW - Middle cerebral artery occlusion
KW - Reperfusion
U2 - 10.1161/01.STR.31.5.1153
DO - 10.1161/01.STR.31.5.1153
JO - Stroke
JF - Stroke


text:
import unittest

def menor(seq):
    '''
    :param seq: uma sequencia
    :return: (menor)
     Retorna o menor de uma sequencia
    '''
    if len(seq) < 2:
        return seq[0]
    else:
        resultado = menor(seq[:- 1])
        if resultado < seq[- 1]:
            return resultado
        else:
            return seq[- 1]

def maior(seq):
    '''
    :param seq: uma sequencia
    :return: (maior)
     Retorna o maior valor da sequencia.

    '''
    if len(seq) < 2:
        return seq[0]
    else:
        resultado = maior(seq[:-1])
        if resultado > seq[- 1]:
            return resultado
        else:
            return seq[- 1]

def min_max(seq):
    '''
    :param seq: uma sequencia
    :return: (min, max)
     Verifica se o vetor esta vazio , senão estiver ele chama as 2 funções Maior
     e Menor e retorna o resultado delas.
     O algoritmo roda em em O(n) creio eu , é diretamente ligado ao tamanho do
     vetor.
    '''

    if seq == []:
        return None ,None
    else:
        return (menor(seq), maior(seq))

class MinMaxTestes(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_lista_vazia(self):
        self.assertTupleEqual((None, None), min_max([]))

    def test_lista_len_1(self):
        self.assertTupleEqual((1, 1), min_max([1]))

    def test_lista_consecutivos(self):
        self.assertTupleEqual((0, 500), min_max(list(range(501))))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()


text:
#WhereisPengShuai
November 23, 2021 at 11:03 pm · Filed under Tennis
NYMag link
This NYMag article is by far the best on the on going saga. Wishing best for Peng but I've a few questions:
1. Has anyone considered that she was forced to make the complaint – a political struggle – to humiliate Zhang and his factions? 有没有人认为她是被迫投诉——政治斗争——是为了羞辱张及其派系?
2. In her decade long affair with Zhang, she knew well he's married. What kind of force she was under to take up this affair to begin with, or her total disregard of the wife… even out of love? She's a successful player with nearly $10m prize money from wining tourneys (not counting the endorsements).
3. WTA threatens to pull out of China. But it was only a few years ago, 2014 USOpen semi final, to be exact, they allowed Peng to prolong her injury time out to 20 some minutes: it showed Peng had poor sportsmanship and USTA terrible regulation. The injure time is usually 3 or 4 minutes. It was super unfair to Peng's opponent and to us, the spectators. So seven years on, WTA is willing to leave China? What's behind this decision – MeToo movement or more?
The article ⇓ Women's Tennis Had to Stand Up to China
By Caira Conner
Photo: VCG/Visual China Group via Getty Images
Before the Chinese tennis player Peng Shuai went missing on November 2, the most notable sources of tension between Western sports leagues and China usually ended with those leagues doing their best not to offend the rising superpower.
In December 2019, after former Arsenal footballer Mesut Özil tweeted about the country's inhumane treatment of the Uighurs, the club quickly released a statement reminding everyone that the club had always "adhered to the principle of not involving itself in politics." (Though it has seemed perfectly fine with publicly supporting other political causes.) Nevertheless, within two days of the tweet, a Chinese state-run TV network pulled an Arsenal match from its schedule. They were eventually allowed back on the network, but no commentator would say Özil's name out loud — and his name and image all but vanished from the country. When Özil was left off Arsenal's Premier League and Europa League teams last year, some speculated that his China infraction was part of the reason why.
In the U.S., it's the NBA that has most vividly experienced the consequences of crossing China. Two months before Özil spoke out, Houston Rockets general manager Daryl Morey tweeted (and later deleted) his support of the pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong. The NBA released a statement explaining that while the league recognized different countries would have different viewpoints on political matters, ultimately, it was "not the role of the NBA to adjudicate those differences." A few days later, Morey tried to clean up his remarks. But the damage — and it was a lot of damage — was done. By January of 2020, the NBA was on track to lose up to $400 million in revenue as a result of the tweet, as Chinese business partners abandoned deals with the league.
In October of this year, Boston Celtics player Enes Kanter posted a video to Twitter in which he spoke for nearly three minutes in support of Tibetan independence, calling Xi Jinping a "brutal dictator." Tencent, one of China's largest technology companies and streaming platforms, swiftly pulled the live broadcast of the Celtics–Knicks game off the air, and removed all replays of Celtics games from the platform. After considerable backlash over its handling of Morey's tweet, the NBA has chosen not to publicly cave this time, and Kanter says Commissioner Adam Silver has expressed support for his views — in private. Still, the NBA has not made a statement defending Kanter's speech, or suggesting that anything in their business relationship with China will actually change.
Of course, there is a critical difference between these players' stories and that of Peng Shuai: None of them disappeared.
A brief summary of recent events: On November 2, Peng posted a lengthy message to the social-media platform Weibo describing how she'd been sexually assaulted by China's former vice-premier Zhang Gaoli, 40 years her senior, three years earlier. Peng detailed the pain and confusion she experienced in their decade-long relationship, which at times had been consensual.
The post was deleted within the hour. Peng's Weibo account disappeared. Internet searches within China for her name and "tennis" were blocked.
Suddenly, the Women's Tennis Association, the organizing body of professional women's tennis, was in uncharted waters. Peng wasn't just associated with the organization; she was recently a fairly major star. In 2013, Peng was the first Chinese player to win the WTA Tour Championships. The next year, she and her doubles partner were ranked No. 1 in the world, making Peng the first Chinese tennis player of any gender to hold the top spot.
At first, the WTA took a familiar, cautious approach. The organization waited 12 days after Peng was first presumed missing to release a statement. When it finally did, on November 14, the WTA called for a comprehensive investigation into the allegations against Zhang, and for the end of censorship against Peng. Social-media users blasted the organization for taking nearly two weeks to speak out. But over the next few days, instead of slinking further into the background, or refusing to get involved in a political matter, the WTA doubled down in its efforts to intervene in China's policies on transparency. And the narrative of sports leagues treading carefully with China took a dramatic turn.
When China state-affiliated media CGTN tweeted a copy of an email allegedly sent by Peng to Steve Simon, the head of the WTA, explaining that she was "fine and resting at home," Simon was swift to respond, countering that the questionable email "only raises my concerns as to her safety and whereabouts." On social media, the WTA pressed on, joining in the #WhereisPengShuai movement with a tweeted photo of the star. Simon has said that the WTA was prepared to pull out of 2022 tournaments in China should Peng's safety not be verified. Consider that in 2018, the WTA landed a ten-year partnership with China for Shenzhen to host the WTA tour finals each year, including a record-shattering $4.7 million prize for the 2019 champion. This is no small threat.
On November 21, the president of the International Olympics Committee, Thomas Bach, said he spoke with Peng in Beijing via video chat, and that she seemed relaxed and "wished for privacy." No mention was made of the sexual-assault allegations against Zhang Gaoli, Peng's deleted social-media accounts, or why she hadn't been heard from in 19 days. Apart from state media releasing a couple of videos of Peng out with friends — it could not be determined when they were shot — this was the closest the public had come to knowing if Peng was, in fact, okay. Bach has a major incentive to promote the "nothing to see here" line, with the Beijing Winter Olympics coming up in February.
The WTA didn't budge. In an email to Reuters, a spokesperson for the WTA said that while they were glad to see photos of Peng, a video call with the IOC did not "alleviate or address the WTA's concern about her well-being and ability to communicate without censorship or coercion." Furthermore, they still wanted a "full, fair and transparent investigation" into Peng's allegations.
Tennis players are effectively self-employed. They have access to health insurance and pension plans through the WTA, but these programs are voluntary, not mandatory. It is only once players are ranked in the top 250 that are they required to pay an annual fee. There is no legal mandate within the WTA in which the organization has to protect its players, or a structure guaranteeing players the safety and assurances of full-time employment. In this sense, Simon's ongoing, insistent ownership of Peng, demand for her safety, and willingness to irrevocably risk millions of WTA business dollars for the cause is remarkable.
It also feels unavoidable. Up to this point, sports leagues could uncomfortably look the other way when it was only a matter of an individual criticizing the Chinese government, and being censored in return. The cost of complicit public silence on "political matters" would pale in comparison time and again to the profits lost by an organization pushing back. But for the WTA to not have taken a stand — to have stepped aside and let China's state media continue sending out staged photos and phony reassurances on Peng's whereabouts, to have shouldered the reputational fallout at the cost of preserving financial security as the world's biggest tennis stars have made increasingly forceful statements about Peng's plight — would have been more disastrous than any financial fallout. At least, that's the calculation Steve Simon has made.
Yet even now, Simon is on a lonely path. The IOC is no stranger to overlooking human-rights abuses, but what about the NBA, Premier League, or ATP, the governing body of men's tennis, which has not gone nearly as far as its counterpart? The tenuous status quo of how to deal with China seems more fragile than ever.
Should Peng resurface in the coming weeks, the WTA will have to decide on its course of action for 2022. Right now, it feels plausible that Steve Simon could actually steer the organization the way of LinkedIn, and out of China altogether. That would be a true inflection point, and one that has been a long time coming.


Walmart Stores, Inc. has reportedly filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy as of the first of January, after announcing that they would be closing over 100 stores nationwide, with over 10,000 employees being laid off. The bankruptcy comes as the company, the world's largest employer, has steadily lost sales over the years to online retailers like Amazon.
Walmart employees say that they are the ones who are going to be hardest hit by this restructuring, which will more than likely include closing of several hundred more stores, leaving thousands more out of work.


text:
Introducing... Lord HBK + New Video: 'No Rules'
NO RULES. 'We only live once, no rehearsals.'
Already created a name and a buzz amidst his peers and fellow underground rappers in the UK, it's only right that the fast rising British rapper got an official introduction.
Introducing - Lord HBK, a name many of us aren't reckoned with just as yet - but will at least know who he is before the year ends.
Lord HBK as he likes to call himself, has released the debut music video to his single, 'No Rules' - a nice dose of the authentic British sound - grime and drum and bass.
The lead single off his forthcoming EP entitled 'Royalty' is a little tease as to what HBK has still yet to offer for us for the rest of the year, and on his upcoming project.
Handing over to us the video to 'No Rules', Lord HBK appoints producers and fellow rising stars - The Dreamers to work their magic on this new single. With a hint of EDM in the production, 'No Rules' is an energetic track that is not only confident to have you regulating movement and taking you out of your comfort zone, but also rejects the notion of conformity and celebrates breaking the mould.
Reminding me somewhat of Tinie Tempah in his 'Pass Out' and 'Frisky' days - Lord HBK is described to be a diverse storyteller who engages listeners with his relatable and compelling experiences.
His sound and unique artistry makes him more appealing than what meets the eye, without it overlooking his talents. Watch the video to 'No Rules' below, the 'Royalty' EP will be released this Summer.
Keep up to date with Lord HBK via his social media platforms: www.twitter.com/L0rdHBK, www.lordhbk.tumblr.com, www.soundcloud.com/lordhbk
Posted by Mobolaji
Labels: Introducing, Lord HBK, New Video, UK
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text:
First Trailer for RICKI AND THE FLASH Starring Meryl Streep
By Vandy Price Labels: Audra McDonald, Ben Platt, Kevin Kline, Lisa Joyce, Mamie Gummer, Meryl Streep, Rick Springfield, Sebastian Stan
I always enjoy when Meryl Streep has a late August offering that somehow doesn't fit into the overall scheme that she is actively trying to be nominated for an Oscar every year. After Mama Mia, Julie & Julia and Hope Springs (of which the latter two I really enjoyed) I was hoping we might get another one soon as it's been three years since her last excursion into somewhat lighter territory. While she enjoyed a fair amount of success both critically and commercially with Into the Woods last award season it seems she is going in a completely different direction this year as far as movies concerned with music go. In her latest, titled Ricki and the Flash, Streep plays a musician who gave up everything for her dream of rock-and-roll stardom only to return home years later, looking to make things right with her family. The interesting aspect of this film is the combination of talent it has driving it. Not only does it have Streep as the star, but it has Diablio Cody (Juno, Young Adult) penning the screenplay and Jonathan Demme (Silence of the Lambs, Philadelphia) behind the camera. Demme hasn't really directed an out and out commercial feature like this since (maybe) 2008's Rachel Getting Married and so, even if this first trailer looks a little hokey and manipulative, I am interested in seeing what these three talents pull together. The other interesting aspect for me was that Streep's character and her band (the Flash) aren't singing original songs written for the film, but rather past hits by Bruce Springstein, Tom Petty and Lady Gaga among those also featured in the trailer. Will this be an alternate universe where those songs belong to Ricki or did she get famous by simply being a cover band? I guess we'll find out August 7th when Ricki and the Flash opens. The film also stars Kevin Kline, Rick Springfield and Streep's real-life daughter Mamie Gummer.
Synopsis: Three-time Academy Award® winner Meryl Streep goes electric and takes on a whole new gig – a hard-rocking singer/guitarist – for Oscar®-winning director Jonathan Demme and Academy Award®-winning screenwriter Diablo Cody in the uplifting comedy Ricki and the Flash. In a film loaded with music and live performance, Streep stars as Ricki, a guitar heroine who gave up everything for her dream of rock-and-roll stardom, but is now returning home to make things right with her family. Streep stars opposite her real-life daughter Mamie Gummer, who plays her fictional daughter; Rick Springfield, who takes on the role of a Flash member in love with Ricki; and Kevin Kline, who portrays Ricki's long-suffering ex-husband.
on Thursday, May 07, 2015


Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world. And is considered a nootropic because used in moderation it helps improve reaction time, alertness, memory and mood.
Coffee typically contains more caffeine than most other beverages. But caffeine is also found in carbonated soda, tea, energy drinks, energy shots, some fruit or fruit-flavored drinks and a few pre-formulated nootropic stacks.
Caffeine consumption provides a boost in mental alertness, concentration, better athletic performance, and less physical and mental fatigue.
Caffeine and coffee consumption has also been associated with weight loss, improved glucose tolerance, a lower risk of Type II diabetes, reduced risk of Parkinson's Disease and fewer Parkinson's symptoms, and reduced risk of several types of cancer.
In this review we are focusing on caffeine benefits to cognitive health.
Mood. Caffeine improves mood within an hour of consumption.[iv] Because it increases the density of GABA receptors, potentiates dopamine, and causes some serotonin receptors to be more responsive.
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is the most widely consumed stimulant and psychoactive drug on the planet.
Caffeine is a methylated xanthine which are a group of alkaloids commonly used as mild stimulants. Xanthine is a purine base naturally found in most of your body's tissues.
Caffeine is chemically related to adenine and guanine which are bases of DNA and RNA.
The most common source of caffeine is the coffee bean from which coffee is extracted. Other natural sources include leaves of the tea plant, cocoa beans, kola nuts, holly leaves, yerba mate leaves, seeds from guarana berries, and guayusa leaves.
The earliest evidence of coffee as a beverage comes from 15th century Sufi monasteries in Yemen. By the 16th century coffee made its way north through the Middle East to Italy and the rest of Europe.
Coffea plants where then exported with early explorers and settlers in the Americas.
Chinese legend tells us tea as a source of caffeine was first used in about 3,000 BCE.
The earliest evidence of caffeine use native to the Americas comes from cocoa bean residue found in a Mayan pot dating from 600 BCE.
Caffeine boosts brain health in several ways. But two in particular stand out.
Caffeine promotes alertness. Caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist. Adenosine functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in your brain. During the day, as adenosine levels rise, wakefulness decreases and eventually leads to sleep.
A 13-night sleep lab study was conducted with 18 'normal' young adult males. Each participant received a cup of warm water, 1-, 2- or 4-cups of regular coffee, a 4-cup equivalent of decaffeinated coffee, or a 4-cup equivalent of caffeine.
Regular coffee produced dose-related changes in standard EEG sleep parameters. And 4-cups of coffee acted the same as the equivalent dose of caffeine.
Caffeine caused REM sleep to shift to the early part of the night and stage 3 and 4 sleep to shift to the later than in a normal sleep cycle.
Caffeine improves physical endurance. Multiple studies show that trained athletes experience improved performance from low to moderate doses of caffeine.
Some studies found improved trial performance, and maximum cycling power. Likely from a greater reliance on fat metabolism and decreased muscle fatigue.
Caffeine helps athletes train longer and at greater power output. And post-exercise recovery benefits from more glucose being taken up by cells and stored as glycogen.
In fact, caffeine can be so effective in sports that the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned the use of caffeine in athletes from 1962 – 1972 and again from 1984 – 2003.
Caffeine affects your body for about 4 hours after it is consumed. Withdrawal symptoms set in 12 – 20 hours after your last dose. The worst symptoms set in after about 2 days and can last for up to a week.
Consuming caffeine increases dopamine in your brain which improves mood. Once caffeine leaves your system, you can get grumpy and tired.
Researchers found continuous caffeine consumption increases your number of adenosine[xii], dopamine[xiii], and acetylcholine receptors[xiv]. And is likely why long-term use of caffeine causes tolerance.
Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world. Boosting attention and normalizing mood and cognition.
This study is especially relevant if you are looking for nootropics for study. Because it means caffeine consumed after a study session helps consolidate memory of what you studied.
How you feel on caffeine varies from person to person. But for most it depends on how much you consume.
Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant. Once it crosses the blood-brain barrier the most noticeable effect is alertness.
Caffeine stimulates the release of dopamine. Which accounts for the pleasant feeling you associate with your first morning coffee.
Most neurohackers find consuming caffeine makes you more productive. You should find it easier to concentrate and get things done.
Using a caffeinated beverage after a study session should help you recall what you studied more easily.
But caffeine later in the afternoon or evening resets your internal body clock (circadian rhythm) and delays the natural rise of melatonin. Your brain's primary sleep hormone.
So consuming coffee, tea or an energy drink too late in the day will likely leave you unable to sleep.
And quitting caffeine abruptly can lead to some nasty withdrawal symptoms. See the "Side Effects" section of this review for more.
Drinking several cups of coffee daily appears to reduce the risk of suicide by about 50% according to a study at the Harvard School of Public Health.
Study authors reviewed data from 3 large studies and found that risk of adult suicide who drank 2 – 4 cups of caffeinated coffee per day was about half compared to those who drank decaffeinated coffee or no coffee.
Caffeine not only stimulates the central nervous system but also acts as a mild antidepressant by boosting production of serotonin, dopamine and epinephrine.
68 U.S. Navy Seal trainees were randomly assigned either 100, 200, or 300 mg of caffeine or placebo in capsule form after 72 hours of sleep deprivation and continuous exposure to other stressors.
Cognitive tests included visual vigilance, reaction time, working memory, and mood.
The chief researcher of the study, Harris Lieberman reported, "Even in the most adverse circumstances, moderate doses of caffeine can improve cognitive function, including vigilance, learning, memory, and mood state.
Recent clinical studies have shown that caffeine intake enhances the effect of antidepressants in rodents.
To find out if it worked in humans, researchers in China recruited 95 male inpatients currently on antidepressant medication. Patients were given 60 or 100 mg of caffeine daily or a placebo daily for 4 weeks.
The results showed low dose caffeine improved cognitive performance in depressed patients.
60 undergraduate students at the University of Arizona were given an 8-counce cup of Starbucks Italian Bold coffee with caffeine or decaffeinated (as the placebo) between 6 – 7 am.
The participants were then instructed to read a book for 30 minutes.
Students who drank the caffeinated coffee performed significantly better than placebo with 30% improvement in memory.
The researchers performed the same test with 43 students between 2 – 4 in the afternoon. In contrast to the morning session, the students did not experience any memory benefit.
Studies show that older adults also have better memory in the morning. But memory ability declines in the afternoon.
In another study adults over 65 who considered themselves "morning-types" were tested twice over an interval of 5 – 11 days. Once in the morning and once in the late afternoon.
Adults who ingested decaffeinated coffee showed a significant decline in memory performance from morning to afternoon.
In contrast, those who ingested caffeine showed no decline in performance from morning to afternoon.
According to the Mayo Clinic, 400 mg of caffeine per day appears to be safe for most healthy adults. About the amount of caffeine in four cups of regular brewed coffee.[xxv] Or 1 ½ Starbucks 'tall' coffees.
The half-life of caffeine is 4 – 6 hours and you experience the effects of caffeine for at least 4 hours.
Be aware that sources of caffeine include coffee, tea, Coke, Pepsi, Dr. Pepper, Mountain Dew, 5-Hour Energy Shot, Monster Energy Drinks.
And one Starbucks tall coffee can contain 235 mg of caffeine.
So it's surprisingly easy to quickly exceed your personal caffeine limit before you begin to experience caffeine toxicity.
Everyone has a different tolerance level before experiencing the symptoms of a caffeine overdose. Listen to your body to know what your personal limit is.
One of the most popular and simple nootropic stacks is caffeine stacked with L-Theanine.
A study with 49 people was conducted at Wageningen University in the Netherlands to assess the effects of caffeine, L-Theanine and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (which is found in green tea) on mood and cognitive performance.
Study authors noted as little as 40 mg of caffeine has been shown to improve performance on long-duration cognitive tasks, alertness, arousal and vigor.
The team also noted just 200 mg of L-Theanine improved feelings of calmness, relaxation and less tension.
And when L-Theanine and caffeine were combined there was a significant improvement in alertness and attention-switching task performance. More so than with caffeine alone.
The researchers concluded, "these studies provided reliable evidence showing that L-theanine and caffeine have clear beneficial effects on sustained attention, memory, and suppression of distraction.
Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid that can be profoundly toxic and deadly.
But reports of caffeine overdoses resulting in death are relatively rare.[xxviii] However, it's surprisingly easy to go into caffeine toxicity territory so please always check the labels on caffeinated beverages and energy drinks.
Doses as little as 200 mg can be toxic to sensitive people.
Symptoms of caffeine toxicity include feeling 'wired', breathing trouble, confusion, diarrhea, fainting, fever, hallucination, increased thirst and/or urination, heart palpitation, restlessness, sweating, muscle tremors and rapid heartbeat.
Caffeine is addictive and you can quickly build up a tolerance to its energizing effects.
Caffeine withdrawal is serious and can include anxiety, fatigue, headaches, irritability, digestive problems, and trouble concentrating.
Do NOT combine any source of caffeine with ephedrine, quinolone antibiotics, propranolol, theophylline, certain birth control pills, or echinacea. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are using any other medications that may be affected by caffeine.
Doses of 10 grams of caffeine can be fatal. Although this varies from person to person.[xxix] In one case a person died from only 240 mg of caffeine.
A teaspoon of caffeine powder has 3,200 mg of caffeine.
You get caffeine from a variety of sources including coffee, green or black tea, energy drinks or shots, caffeinated beverages like cola, yerba mate, chocolate, OTC stimulant supplements, some weight loss drugs, and a few pre-formulated nootropic stacks.
Caffeine is a natural alkaloid found in the seeds and leaves of certain plants. Caffeine in coffee originates primarily from the bean of Coffea arabica, a shrub or small tree that grows in high-altitude subtropical regions of the world.
Caffeine anhydrous is manufactured from the beans of coffea plants. "Anhydrous" means without water. Caffeine is extracted from the bean and dehydrated. Which produces a highly concentrated caffeine powder.
We recommend using Caffeine as a nootropic supplement.
Your body does not make caffeine on its own. You get varying amounts of caffeine from coffee, tea, energy drinks and shots, yerba mate, and some pre-formulated nootropic stacks.
All caffeine is the same regardless of the source. Its effects are dose-dependent up to a tolerable limit.
Caffeine is particularly effective as a study aid because consumption of a caffeinated beverage after your study session should help you consolidate the memory of what you studied.
Caffeine is especially helpful for athletes because it improves performance and reaction time. And increases alertness and focus.
And caffeine helps improve mood.
Tolerance to caffeine builds quickly so expect to continue dosing with moderate amounts of caffeine every day to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
And caffeine is great to stack with L-Theanine because the combination helps increase alertness, memory and mood. While L-Theanine helps counteract some of the negative symptoms of caffeine's stimulant qualities.
Suggested starting dose of caffeine is 200 daily. See how your body reacts. The absolute upper limit is no more than 500 mg of caffeine per day.
This site is really good! I've been reading through several of the articles and am impressed with the quality of research and writing.
Largely because of that, I wanted to ask you something. Several places on the web have mentioned that it's possible to use phenylaline or tyrosine to avoid the effects of caffeine withdrawal. (I'm interested in this because I like to cycle caffeine, but the withdrawal symptoms are unpleasant at times.) Do you have any thoughts on the efficacy (and safety) of using them for this? I was also thinking that mucuna pruriens could be used for the same purpose — it seems similar, just further down stream of neurotransmitter precursors. I'd be curious as to your thoughts on these ideas. Thanks!
Joshua, never thought of that but sounds like a sound idea. The dopamine pathway goes like this L-Phenylalanine > L-Tyrosine > L-DOPA > dopamine. So the further along that pathway you introduce a dopamine precursor, the faster the synthesis of that neurotransmitter. Let us know how it works in your experience.
Random note — lemon balm seems to help a bit with the withdrawal headaches also.
I'd encourage others to give this a shot and see how it works for them.
Thanks for this input Joshua.


Dr. Bosman is a gynecologist in the Visalia area. She is affiliated with Sierra View Medical Center and Kaweah Delta Medical Center.
Dr. Bosman saw more pregnancy patients than 85% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated more transvaginal ultrasound patients than 95% of similar doctors in the Fresno area for 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated urine test patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine from our database whether she was was a top doctor for urine test in the Fresno area during 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated more screenings patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area for 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated complete blood count (CBC) patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine from our database whether she was was a top doctor for complete blood count (CBC) in the Fresno area during 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated more pelvic surgery patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area for 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated more C-section patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area for 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated more abdominal surgery patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area for 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated more vaginal delivery patients than 85% of similar doctors in the Fresno area for 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated more ultrasound patients than 95% of similar doctors in the Fresno area for 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw pain patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated more biopsies patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area for 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated hysteroscopy patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine from our database whether she was was a top doctor for hysteroscopy in the Fresno area during 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated hysterectomy patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine from our database whether she was was a top doctor for hysterectomy in the Fresno area during 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated more preventive care patients than 95% of similar doctors in the Fresno area for 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more Rh incompatibility patients than 85% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more menopause patients than 85% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more premenstrual syndrome (PMS) patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw endometrial (uterine) cancer patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more bleeding after menopause patients than 85% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more fibroids patients than 85% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated more fibroids treatment patients than 85% of similar doctors in the Fresno area for 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more menstrual cramps patients than 85% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more vaginitis patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients than 85% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more ovarian cyst patients than 85% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman treated more laparoscopic myomectomy patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area for 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more yeast infection patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more infertility patients than 85% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more gestational diabetes patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw breast cyst patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw sexually transmitted infection (STI) patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more hormonal imbalance patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw fibrocystic breast patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw more bacterial vaginosis (BV) patients than 75% of similar doctors in the Fresno area in 2014–2018. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw warts patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw scleroderma patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw diabetes patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw genital herpes patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw irregular periods patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw vaginal prolapse patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw urinary tract infection (UTI) patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw genital warts patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw uterine prolapse patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman saw herpes patients in 2014–2018, but we couldn't determine whether she was a top doctor for the condition in the Fresno area. Learn more.
Dr. Bosman's C-section rate is lower than the rate we predicted for her mix of cases and patients.
We first measure the actual C-section rate for the pregnant patients Dr. Bosman treats.
We then analyze the typical practices of all other doctors in the United States who deliver babies, using a data-driven model to predict the C-section rate for patients like Dr. Bosman's.
By comparing these two numbers, you can see whether Dr. Bosman's C-section rate is lower than, similar to, or higher than predicted.
Dr. Bosman sees patients and can be reached at the following location.
Dr. Bosman is able to admit and treat patients at the following hospitals.


text:
Dental Denial
Tanisha A. Sykes June 1, 2007 November 26, 2008 84
My wife saw a dentist for a cleaning, and he wanted to do an orthodontic consultation. She informed him that our insurance would not pay for the consult, so he offered the service for free. Yet, he has billed us and continues to add late fees. What is the best resolution? –L. Stallings, Philadelphia
A mentor once told me, "If it's not in writing, then it doesn't exist." Although it's a bit late to enact this mantra, remember it the next time a "free" service is offered.
Nonetheless, you do have some recourse. Assuming the dentist practices in Pennsylvania, contact the Pennsylvania Department of State Professional Compliance Office (www.dos.state.pa.us).
Its Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs regulates those holding licenses in industries such as accounting and dentistry. "It would be up to the board in terms of the disciplinary action taken against the dentist," says Cathy Ennis, deputy press secretary for the Department of State for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Although the punishment will not likely involve his suspension or the revoking of his license, the board may persuade him to let the service stand as free.
To file a complaint, log on at the above Web address (click "File a Complaint"), or call 1-800-822-2113. Be prepared to provide supporting documentation.
Mail your consumer empowerment questions to Ask Your Advocate, BLACK ENTERPRISE, 130 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10011 or send an e-mail to sykest@blackenterprise.com.
Black American Haves and Have Nots
Robert L. Johnson
Tanisha A. Sykes


The Lake Washington School District strives to provide students with optimal conditions for learning by maintaining a school environment where everyone is treated with respect and no one is physically or emotionally harmed. In order to ensure respect and prevent harm, it is a violation of district policy for a student to be sexually harassed by other students, employees or third parties involved in school district activities. Any school staff who observes, overhears, or otherwise witnesses sexual harassment or to whom such actions have been reported must take prompt and appropriate action to stop the harassment and to prevent its reoccurrence.
Sexual harassment recognition and prevention and the elements of this policy will be included in staff, student and regular volunteer orientation. Information about the policy and procedure will be clearly stated and conspicuously posted throughout each school building, provided to each employee and reproduced in any student, staff, volunteer and parent handbook that may be produced. Such notices will identify the District's Title IX Coordinator's title and contact information.
In instances involving alleged sexual assault, the school principal will immediately inform: 1) the Title IX Coordinator so that the district can appropriately respond to the incident consistent with its own grievance procedures; and 2) law enforcement. The principal will also notify the targeted student(s) and their parents/guardians of their right to file a criminal complaint and a sexual harassment complaint simultaneously.
If a complainant requests that his or her name not be revealed to the alleged perpetrator or asks that the district not investigate or seek action against the alleged perpetrator, the request will be forwarded to the Title IX Coordinator for evaluation.
The Title IX Coordinator should inform the complainant that honoring the request may limit the District's ability to respond fully to the incident, including pursuing disciplinary action against the alleged perpetrator.
If the complainant still requests that his or her name not be disclosed to the alleged perpetrator or that the district not investigate or seek action against the alleged perpetrator, the district will need to determine whether or not it can honor such a request while still providing a safe and nondiscriminatory environment for all students, staff and other third parties engaging in district activities, including the person who reported the sexual harassment. Although a complainant's request to have his or her name withheld may limit the district's ability to respond fully to an individual allegation of sexual harassment, the district will use other appropriate means available to address the sexual harassment.
Title IX prohibits retaliation against any individual who files a complaint under these laws or participates in a complaint investigation. When an informal or formal complaint of sexual harassment is made, the district will take steps to stop further harassment and prevent any retaliation against the person who made the complaint, was the subject of the harassment, or against those who provided information as a witness. The district will investigate all allegations of retaliation and take actions against those found to have retaliated.
Anyone may use informal procedures to report and resolve complaints of sexual harassment. Informal reports may be made to any staff member. Staff will notify complainants of their right to file a formal complaint and the process for same. Staff will also direct potential complainants to an appropriate staff member who can explain the informal and formal complaint processes and what a complainant can expect. Additionally, staff will also inform an appropriate supervisor or professional staff member when they receive complaints of sexual harassment, especially when the complaint is beyond their training to resolve or alleges serious misconduct.
During the course of the informal complaint process, the district will take prompt and effective steps reasonably calculated to end any harassment and to correct any discriminatory effects on the complainant. If an investigation is needed to determine what occurred, the district will take interim measures to protect the complainant before the final outcome of the district's investigation (e.g., allowing the complainant to change academic or extracurricular activities or break times to avoid contact with the alleged perpetrator).
Informal complaints may become formal complaints at the request of the complainant, parent/guardian, or because the district believes the complaint needs to be more thoroughly investigated.
The district will inform the complainant and their parent/guardian how to report any subsequent problems. Additionally, the district will conduct follow-up inquiries to see if there have been any new incidents or instances of retaliation, and to promptly respond and appropriately address continuing or new problems. Follow-up inquiries will follow a timeline agreed to by the district and complainant.
Anyone may initiate a formal complaint of sexual harassment, even if the informal complaint process was initially utilized. At any level in the formal complaint process, the district will take interim measures to protect the complainant before the final outcome of the district's investigation.
All formal complaints must be in writing and will set forth the specific acts, conditions or circumstances alleged to have occurred and to constitute sexual harassment. The Title IX Coordinator may draft the complaint based on the report of the complainant for the complainant to review and approve. The superintendent or Title IX Coordinator may also conclude that the district needs to conduct an investigation based on information in his or her possession, regardless of the complainant's interest in filing a formal complaint.
The time period for filing a complaint is one year from the date of the occurrence that is the subject matter of the complaint. However, a complaint filing deadline may not be imposed if the complainant was prevented from filing due to: 1) Specific misrepresentations by the district that it had resolved the problem forming the basis of the complaint; or 2) Withholding of information that the district was required to provide under WAC 392-190-065 or WAC 392-190-005.
Complaints may be submitted in writing to the district Title IX Coordinator: Director of Student Services, 16250 NE 74th St., Redmond, WA 98052 or 425-936-1289 or titleix@lwsd.org.
The Title IX Coordinator will receive and investigate all formal, written complaints of sexual harassment or information in the coordinator's possession that they believe requires further investigation. The Coordinator will delegate his or her authority to participate in this process if such action is necessary to avoid any potential conflicts of interest. Upon receipt of a complaint, the Coordinator will provide the complainant a copy of this procedure.
Investigations will be carried out in a manner that is adequate in scope, reliable and impartial. During the investigation process, the complainant and accused party or parties, if the complainant has identified an accused harasser(s), will have an equal opportunity to present witnesses and relevant evidence. Complainants and witnesses may have a trusted adult with them during any district-initiated investigatory activities. The school district and complainant may also agree to resolve the complaint in lieu of an investigation or through the informal complaint process. When the investigation is completed, the Coordinator will compile a full written report of the complaint and the results of the investigation.
The Title IX Coordinator or designee will respond in writing to the complainant and the alleged perpetrator within thirty (30) calendar days of receipt of the complaint, unless otherwise agreed to by the complainant or if exceptional circumstances related to the complaint require an extension of the time limit. In the event an extension is needed, the district will notify the complainant in writing of the reason for the extension and the anticipated response date. At the time the district responds to the complainant, the district must send a copy of the response to the office of the superintendent of public instruction.
The response of the Title IX Coordinator or designee will include: 1) a summary of the results of the investigation; 2) a statement as to whether a preponderance of the evidence establishes that the complainant was sexually harassed ; 3) if sexual harassment is found to have occurred, the corrective measures the district deems necessary, including assurance that the district will take steps to prevent recurrence and remedy its effects on the complainant and others, if appropriate; 4) notice of the complainant's right to appeal to the school board and the necessary filing information; and 5) any corrective measures the district will take, remedies for the complainant (e.g., sources of counseling, advocacy and academic support), and notice of potential sanctions for the perpetrator(s) (e.g., discipline).
The Title IX Coordinator or designee's response will be provided in a language the complainant can understand and may require language assistance for complainants with limited English proficiency.
If the complaint alleges sexual harassment by a named party or parties, the coordinator will provide the accused party or parties with notice of the outcome of the investigation and notice of their right to appeal any discipline or corrective action imposed by the district.
Any corrective measures deemed necessary will be instituted as quickly as possible, but in no event more than thirty (30) days after the district's mailing of a written response, unless the accused is appealing the imposition of discipline and the district is barred by due process considerations or a lawful order from imposing the discipline until the appeal process is concluded.
If a complainant disagrees with the Title IX Coordinator's or designee's written decision, the complainant may appeal the decision to the Superintendent or designee, by filing a written notice of appeal with the superintendent's office within ten (10) calendar days following the date upon which the complainant received the response.
Both parties shall be allowed to present such written facts, witness statements, or other documentation as the Superintendent or designee deems relevant and material.
Unless otherwise agreed to by the complainant and the Superintendent or designee, or for good cause, the Superintendent or designee shall render a written decision on or before the thirtieth (30th) calendar day following the filing of the written notice of appeal, unless otherwise agreed to by the complainant and the Superintendent or designee, or for good cause.
The written decision shall include notice of the complainant's right to appeal to the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction as set forth below.
The decision will be provided in a language that the complainant can understand which may require language assistance for complainants with limited English proficiency.
The decision will include notice of the complainant's right to appeal to the Superintendent of Public Instruction and will identify where and to whom the appeal must be filed. The district will send a copy of the appeal decision to the office of the superintendent of public instruction.
If a complainant disagrees with the decision of the Superintendent or designee the complainant may file a complaint with the Superintendent of Public Instruction.
A complaint must be received by the Superintendent of Public Instruction on or before the twentieth (20) calendar day following the date upon which the complainant received written notice of the board of directors' decision, unless the Superintendent of Public Instruction grants an extension for good cause. Complaints may be submitted by mail, fax, electronic mail, or hand delivery.
A complaint must be in writing and include: 1) A description of the specific acts, conditions or circumstances alleged to violate applicable anti-sexual harassment laws; 2) The name and contact information, including address, of the complainant; 3) The name and address of the district subject to the complaint; 4) A copy of the district's complaint and appeal decision, if any; and 5) A proposed resolution of the complaint or relief requested. If the allegations regard a specific student, the complaint must also include the name and address of the student, or in the case of a homeless child or youth, contact information.
At any time during the complaint procedure the district may offer mediation consistent with the procedures set forth in WAC 392-190-0751. The complainant and the district may agree to extend the complaint process deadlines in order to pursue mediation.
The purpose of mediation is to provide both the complainant and the district an opportunity to resolve disputes and reach a mutually acceptable agreement through the use of an impartial mediator.