Virtual Vision lifts spirituality to exciting new heights. This high calibre show hosted by two extraordinary Lightworkers bridges international boundaries on a geographical level and offers a viable foundation in which to learn, share and grow on a vibrational level. Together their expertise serves to illuminate the great mystery of life and gives concrete evidence of the unseen from a firm foundation of wisdom, credibility and integrity. Through interviews with amazing special guests everyone will be inspired toward the understanding there is more to everything than what we readily see.
Under the auspices of Virtual Vision is a new online show called "Quantum ~ Portal to Higher Consciousness". Hosted by Ara Parisien and Rev. Ted Woodroffe, this offering by Virtual Vision will feature exciting guests at the top of their field who will shine their light of understanding, wisdom and expertise where the world needs it most.
Stay tuned for upcoming announcements as we venture forward into this new frontier where Virtual Vision offers you a front row seat at the Portal to Higher Consciousness.
Co-Host Ara Parisien, International Medium and Spiritual Teacher from Victoria, British Columbia, Canada brings an international flavour to the mix. Her talent and expertise blend easily with the flow of UK energy! Her clients span the globe and the validations she offers are undeniable. She is truly a beautiful Ambassador of Spirit with a fountain of knowledge that flows with energy and eloquence. She is spiritually a master teacher on many levels. Check out her bio page to learn more!
Co-Host Rev. Ted Woodroffe, Healer and Psychic Surgeon, based in the UK, brings an expertise unsurpassed in the arena of Spirituality, Angels, Archangels, Healing (various disciplines), Psychic Surgery, the Paranormal and much, much more. He is an Ambassador of Wisdom and will share the wealth of knowledge on each and every show. Check out his bio page to learn more!


text:
Anderson in Anderson County, South Carolina — The American South (South Atlantic)
James Lawrence Orr
By Brian Scott, January 9, 2009
1. James Lawrence Orr Monument
James Lawrence Orr. . Born August 29, 1852 Died February 26, 1905 ---------- Founder and President Orr Cotton Mills ---------- Honest and Fearless in the Discharge of Every Duty. Rest in Peace.. . This historical marker is in Anderson in Anderson County South Carolina
Born August 29, 1852
Died February 26, 1905
Orr Cotton Mills
Honest and Fearless in the
Discharge of Every Duty.
Location. 34° 30.6′ N, 82° 38.95′ W. Marker is in Anderson, South Carolina, in Anderson County. Marker is on East Greenville Street (State Highway 81). Marker is located on the northeast side of the museum, near the parking lot. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 202 East Greenville Street, Anderson SC 29621, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 10 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. Orr Monument (here, next to this marker); Boy High School (here, next to this marker); "Old Reformer" Cannon (a few steps from this marker); Girls High School (within shouting distance of this marker); The Old Reformer (within shouting distance of this marker); Robert Anderson Memorial Fountain (within shouting distance of this marker); Frierson School House (within shouting distance of
By Brian Scott, May 26, 2009
2. James Lawrence Orr Marker
this marker); McGee Harness Shop (about 300 feet away, measured in a direct line); Virginia "Jennie" Gilmer (approx. 0.2 miles away); Anderson County Library (approx. ¼ mile away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Anderson.
More about this marker. The marker was originally located on South Main Street, near the ruins of Orr's Mill. It was placed on the museum grounds after a tree fell over, breaking the monument.
Also see . . . James Lawrence Orr Marker. Marker located in Piedmont, South Carolina, dedicated to Orr. (Submitted on December 4, 2011, by Brian Scott of Anderson, South Carolina.)
1. Samuel Marshall Orr, M.D.
Samuel Marshall Orr, M.D., was one of the sons of Governor James L. Orr, whose record is reviewed elsewhere, and while his two brothers, James L. and Christopher H., adopted the profession of the law, Samuel Marshall became one of the eminent physicians and surgeons of the state, though for many years he also handled extensive business interests.
Doctor Orr was born at Anderson June 5, 1855, and spent all his life in that city. He attended private schools, the King's Mountain Military School at Yorkville, completed a literary course in Furman University, and began the study of medicine under the late Dr. W.H. Nardin, Sr., at Anderson. In 1879 he graduated
3. James Lawrence Orr Monument with
Anderson County Museum in Background
from Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia, and returning to Anderson was devoted with all his talents and splendid abilities to professional work for a quarter of a century. For a time he was associated with his preceptor Doctor Nardin. His abilities and experience made him esteemed as a consulting practitioner, and Governor Richardson appointed him a member of the first Board of Medical Examiners for the state. He also served as president of the Anderson County Medical Society and vice president of the State Medical Society, and was surgeon for the Charleston and Western Carolina and the Blue Ridge Railroad Companies.
While in active practice and more particularly after retiring from his profession he gave evidence of his marked qualifications as a business man. He entered the drug business at Anderson in 1883, was prominent in connection with the first building and loan association at Anderson, and after the death of his brother Col. James L. Orr in 1905 he succeeded him in the presidency of the Orr Cotton Mill at Anderson. He held that position at the time of his death, and he had also been vice president of the Farmers and Merchants Bank at Anderson, and president and treasurer of the old Anderson Light and Power Company. He was one of the original trustees of the Anderson graded schools, and served many years as a vestryman of the Episcopal Church.
The museum wall has recently been decorated with an enlarged photograph of Orr's Mill.
1875 Doctor Orr married Miss Charlotte Alethea Allen. Mrs. Orr, who still survives her honored husband, is the mother of four children: Harry A., Mary Orr, Samuel M., Jr., and Lydia. Both sons have achieved distinction as electrical engineers. Mrs. Orr is a granddaughter of Dr. Charles Louis Gaillard, formerly of Charleston, of French Huguenot origin, while her paternal grandfather was Banister Allen of Abbeville County and of English ancestry. (Source: History of South Carolina Volume 3 by Yates Snowden (1920), pgs 111-113.)
— Submitted December 6, 2009, by Brian Scott of Anderson, South Carolina.
Categories. • Industry & Commerce •
South Carolina Postcards, Vol. IX: Anderson County, by Howard Woody, 1911
5. Orr Cotton Mills
In 1906 Orr Mill had 57,496 spindles and 1,504 looms, consumed 11,000 bales of cotton, and produced print cloths valued at $1 million. Orr Cotton Mills was incorporated in 1899 by J.L. Orr. It employed 700 operatives and had a $175,000 payroll.
6. Methodist Episcopal Church, Orr Mills
The Methodist Episcopal Church on South Main Street is shown on the postcard scene above. It is one of the two Orr Mill churches that the mill built for the operatives. Directly behind the Methodist Church is the Baptist Church. The mill gave the lots, 15 percent of the construction costs, and $100 each annually for expenses. Rev. S.T. Creech was the pastor of this Methodist Church in 1905.
7. Orr Cotton Mills, from Cotton Field to Factory
This view with the cotton field symbolized the cycle of mill economics. Farmers grew and sold cotton; cotton was turned into fabric at the mill; and jobs were thus created for operatives. The mills supported churches and schools and contributed taxes to both local and state governments. The village Baptist Church, shown above the left side, had a membership of 254 in 1909 and Rev. H.C. Martin was the pastor.
8. Orr Cotton Mills Store
Each mill built commissary-type stores for their operatives, who were usually poor families that came to the mills seeking a steady source of income and needing low cost housing and credit. The factory would assign the family a cottage and let them obtain food, clothing, and medicines on credit and subtract those expenses from the salaries of the fathers, mothers, and children at the end of each two-week payroll. The store stocked every necessity, including coffins.
9. School Building, Orr Mills
The mill owners wanted operatives with a high educational level. August Kohn's book, Cotton Mills of South Carolina, called that "welfare work." This concept caused the directors to build schools with academic and industrial subjects, churches, meeting halls, and gyms. Orr Mills spent $1,000 for a 3-teacher school building for 547 students. M. O'Neal, principal, and two other teachers taught at this school in 1905.
10. Bird-s Eye View of the Orr Mill Village
Looking North from Mill
This bird's-eye view of the Orr Mill Village shows the standard layout of a village with identical one-story cottages for small families and two-story structures for larger ones. In 1906 the village had a 1,500 population. The privies were located at the rear of each lot with a wagon path running between them for the entire distance of a street.
More. Search the internet for James Lawrence Orr.
Credits. This page was last revised on December 11, 2019. This page originally submitted on January 12, 2009, by Brian Scott of Anderson, South Carolina. This page has been viewed 2,203 times since then and 4 times this year. Photos: 1. submitted on January 12, 2009, by Brian Scott of Anderson, South Carolina. 2. submitted on June 10, 2009, by Brian Scott of Anderson, South Carolina. 3. submitted on January 12, 2009, by Brian Scott of Anderson, South Carolina. 4. submitted on June 10, 2009, by Brian Scott of Anderson, South Carolina. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. submitted on September 22, 2010, by Brian Scott of Anderson, South Carolina.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Bronze in Batumi
Luke McShane
The hammering downpour before the last round in Batumi was, in retrospect, a precious omen. After all, England's medal drought in international team competitions has lasted nearly 20 years. This year our rain dances finally took effect, as we brought home the bronze medals from the European Team Championship last week. It's our second major success of the year, following silver medals in an elite team event in Kazakhstan, in March. England last won gold in Pula, 1997 and the women's team got the bronze in Leon, 2001.
I've played in the Black Sea resort of Batumi three times, and I like it. The Georgians have khachapuri (cheesy bread) to celebrate and the city's boulevard is glorious in the sunshine. During lengthy walks, we cleared our heads and plotted surprises for our opponents, often with an escort of itinerant local dogs.
At the end of our final match with Germany, we had our hopes pinned on David Howell to clinch the win. As we watched nervously, I whispered to Gawain Jones that we at least had the right man on the job. David evidently enjoys the challenge of nursing an advantage against stubborn resistance, and he once again saw it through. My games had more ups than downs, including an opportune punch in our match with the Netherlands: see this week's puzzle. Nick Pert was a steady reserve who scored well in the early rounds. Malcolm Pein was our energetic captain who made problems disappear before we could notice them.
The Russian team took the gold medals. Our penultimate round match with them was unpromising, as my game ended in tears, and Gawain also looked doomed. It was jangling to watch. One could sense the scraping of fingernails as he clung on for the draw in the game that follows. In addition to the team bronze, Gawain's tournament performance merited an individual silver medal. Meanwhile Michael Adams capped his unbeaten run on top board by patiently wringing a win against his Russian counterpart, which secured a miraculous 2-2 draw.
Maxim Matlakov–Gawain Jones: European Team Championship, Batumi, November 2019
1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 g6 3 Nc3 d5 4 cxd5 Nxd5 5 e4 Nxc3 6 bxc3 Bg7 7 Bc4 c5 8 Ne2 O-O 9 O-O Nd7 10 Bg5 h6 11 Be3 Qc7 12 Rc1 Rd8 13 f4 b5 Facing an avalanche of pawns, this is a timely bid for counterplay. 14 Bxb5 Nf6 15 Bd3 Ng4 16 Qd2 e6 17 h3 Nxe3 18 Qxe3 Bb7 19 e5 Rac8 20 Kh2 Qc6 21 Rf2 Qd5 22 Rb1 Rc7 23 g4! Resolute play. Black's king is the one in greater danger. 23… Qxa2 24 f5 cxd4 25 cxd4 Qa3 26 fxe6 fxe6 27 g5 Ba6 28 Rd1 Qb3 29 Rd2 Bxd3 30 Rxd3 Qb5 31 Rc3 Rxc3 32 Nxc3 Qd7 33 gxh6 Bf8 34 Ne4 Qxd4 35 h7+ Kxh7 (see diagram) 36 Ng5+ Missing a concealed opportunity: 36 Rf7+ Kg8 37 Rxf8+! wins, as 37… Kxf8 38 Qh6+ leads to mate. 36…Kh6 37 Nf7+ Kh7 38 Ng5+ Kh6 39 Qg3 39 Qxd4 Rxd4 40 Nxe6 must have been the intention, but Black escapes with the fiendish 40…Bg7!! 41 Nxd4 Bxe5+ and the endgame is drawn. 39…Bc5 40 Rg2 Rg8 41 Nxe6 Qb4 42 Qg5+ Irresistibly natural, but this throws away the win. Instead, 42 Rc2 was a better try. 42…Kh7 43 Qf6 Be3 44 h4 Qe4 45 Re2 Bg1+ 46 Kxg1 Qxe2 47 Ng5+ Kh6 48 Nf7+ Kh7 49 Ng5+ Kh6 50 Nf7+ Draw agreed
FantasticStar beats MagzyBogues
Hovering amid the din
Chess borders
Old wine, new bottles


Probably because they (my hosting guys) fired it up just about midnight when I asked them to stop all repairing works and just start the server and possibly some services were still starting?
I was actually second to register - Mr. Avalugg is player uno numero I checked now, Roll up you Sleeves is fine - is it still very slow for you?
I also have tried the resend button but still no activation mail.. going to try a different emai l adress and try again. Currently using Hotmail address maybe it has something to do with that.. also checked SPAM folder but no mail in there too. I will share the outcome!
Hmm... It's shown as sent on my side - to two addresses now, Hotmail can be a tough cookie I will have to dig into configurations to find if I can check if they were delivered or not. Let me know if you still having an issue.
Mine is hotmail, but had no problems.
Then it's not Hotmail, but something else :-\ I will investigate it further, but let me know if you received an activation email to your other email.
I'll have to think about it... Meanwhile, I will activate you account on my side (I have the power ) and we'll see how it goes for other people. Probably it's getting blocked by your ISP or by something else - this IP is very new and fresh and some services may consider it's as a dodgy one. Have you received any emails when you registered yesterday, the first time?
I noticed thay you have activated my account with your power but I just wanted to let you know that I never have received any email also not on the new address ans also not on the first account before the official start of the game.
It is no problem for now and it also seems that I am the only one having this problem so I think it may have something to do with my account I dont know.
Problem is solved for now and I bet people will start complaining in here when this problem occures on their account too.


text:
The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars
Based on the book by Thomas M. Disch and intended as the third film in the series, this sequel was finished and released prior to 'The Brave Little Toaster To The Rescue'. Whilst trying to protect their new "Little Master" the anthropomorphic appliances set off on an epic adventure and make many new friends along the way.
Director: Robert C. Ramirez
Actors: Carol Channing, Deanna Oliver, Eric Lloyd, Farrah Fawcett, Fyvush Finkel, Roger Kabler, Stephen Tobolowsky, Thurl Ravenscroft, Timothy Stack, Wayne Knight
Keywords:123movies 9movies Carol Channing Deanna Oliver Eric Lloyd Farrah Fawcett Free Fyvush Finkel gomovies gostream losmovie movie25 movie4k movietv primewire putlocker putlockers putlockertv Roger Kabler shockshare sitename solarmovie Stephen Tobolowsky The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars Online Thurl Ravenscroft Timothy Stack Watch The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars watch32 Wayne Knight yesmovie
Kim Possible: So the Drama
Dr. Drakken has an evil new plot for world domination, but his ultimate success depends upon finding out KP's weakness which may involve a new hottie at Middleton High School…
Genre: Action, Adventure, Animation, Drama, Family, TV Movie
Ella Bella Bingo
Ella Bella Bingo and Henry are best friends, but one day a new boy moves into the neighbourhood and everything changes.
Trolls Holiday
When the eternally optimistic Poppy, queen of the Trolls, learns that the Bergens no longer have any holidays on their calendar, she enlists the help of Branch and the rest…
Genre: Adventure, Animation, Family, Fantasy, Music, TV Movie
South Park: Post Covid: The Return of Covid
If Stan, Kyle and Cartman could just work together, they could go back in time to make sure Covid never happened. But traveling back to the past seems to be…
Genre: Animation, TV Movie
Cardcaptor Sakura: The Movie
Sakura Kinomoto, a Card Captor, wins a game of chance and is awarded a trip to Hong Kong, along with her best friend Tomoyo and her rival, Syaoran Li. It…
Country: Japan, USA, Canada
Genre: Adventure, Animation, Fantasy
Dino Brained
A dinosaur and his sidekick pilot their spaceship through the galaxy on a dizzying quest for knowledge.
It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown
This classic "Peanuts" tale focuses on the thumb-sucking, blanket-holding Linus, and his touching faith in the "Great Pumpkin." When Linus discovers that no one else believes in the creature, he…
Genre: Animation, Family, TV Movie
New Initial D the Movie – Legend 1: Awakening
The first movie in a trilogy, focusing on the battle against the Takahashi brothers. High school student Takumi Fujiwara works as a gas station attendant during the day and a…
Genre: Action, Animation
Sofia the First: Once Upon a Princess
Set in the storybook world of Enchancia, the music-filled movie follows Sofia, an average girl whose life suddenly changes when her mother marries the king and she is whisked off…
Wallace & Gromit's Cracking Contraptions
Wallace and Gromit try out a number of their latest inventions which rarely work as planned. This movie includes 10 very short stories: 1) The Soccamatic. 2) The Tellyscope. 3)…
A short documentary film, directed by Kurt Mattila, on the creation of Avatar: The Last Airbender. Starring Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino, co-creators of the hit television series.
Kong: King of Atlantis
Gigantic Kong, who has reborn from the original King Kong DNA and the DNA from his human 'brother' Jason, is the king of the island where it lives. But now,…
Genre: Adventure, Animation, Family


A Songwriters Circle is a place where creative people can perform their original songs, receive constructive critiques from their peers, and chat about their work and collaborate musically. Bring you're finished or unfinished songs, be prepared to perform your creation in front of your peers, respectfully critique others, and be open to input and ideas about your own work.
We will be hosting a FREE monthly Songwriting Circle on the FIRST MONDAY of every month! We are so looking forward to hearing your music!
PARKING INFO: We do not have enough parking permits for everyone. Please park on surrounding streets like Wilcox Ave (there are a ton of metered spots) or in the parking garage by Arclight Cinema.


text:
Historia & arkeologi (11)
Naturvetenskap & teknik (5)
Inbunden (3)
E-bok (1)
Häftad (11)
2017 eller äldre (10)
Under 200 kr (2)
Nedladdningsbar (1)
Skickas inom 8 vardagar (3)
Böcker av S J M Eaton
Sökningen gav 15 träffar.
av S J M Eaton
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United...
Centennial Discourse
Trieste Publishing has a massive catalogue of classic book titles. Our aim is to provide readers with the highest quality reproductions of fiction and non-fiction literature that has stood the test of time. The many thousands of books in our colle...
History of the Presbytery of Erie, Embracing in Its Ancient Boundaries the Whole of Northwestern Pennsylvania and Northeastern Ohio
This extensive genealogical history covers all branches of the Dwight family, male and female, spanning 240 years from the family's first settlement in this country in c.1640. The author has gathered and compiled biographical and historical detail...
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scann...
Petroleum; A History of the Oil Region of Venango County Pennsylvania
Title: Petroleum: a history of the oil region of Venago County, Pennsylvania. Its resources, etc. Publisher: British Library, Historical Print Editions The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. It is one of the world's lar...
Petroleum - Primary Source Edition
Ännu ej utkommen
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Ther...
Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem E-bok
av G E Likens, F H Bormann, R S Pierce, J S Eaton, N M Johnson
E-bok, Engelska, 2012-12-06
About 15 years ago we began the Hubbard Brook Ecosys- tem Study with the development of an ecosystem model and the conception of a method whereby some major parameters of the model could be directly measured under field conditions. The method, cal...
History of the Presbytery of Erie
History of the Presbytery of Erie embracing in its ancient boundaries the whole of northwestern Pennsylvania and northeastern Ohio. With biographical sketches of all its ministers and historical sketches of its churches. This book, "History of the...


text:
#include "greentop/sport/ReplaceInstruction.h"

namespace greentop {
namespace sport {

ReplaceInstruction::ReplaceInstruction() {
}

ReplaceInstruction::ReplaceInstruction(const std::string& betId,
    const Optional<double>& newPrice) :
    betId(betId),
    newPrice(newPrice) {
}

void ReplaceInstruction::fromJson(const Json::Value& json) {
    if (json.isMember("betId")) {
        betId = json["betId"].asString();
    }
    if (json.isMember("newPrice")) {
        newPrice = json["newPrice"].asDouble();
    }
}

Json::Value ReplaceInstruction::toJson() const {
    Json::Value json(Json::objectValue);
    if (betId != "") {
        json["betId"] = betId;
    }
    if (newPrice.isValid()) {
        json["newPrice"] = newPrice.toJson();
    }
    return json;
}

bool ReplaceInstruction::isValid() const {
    return betId != "" && newPrice.isValid();
}

const std::string& ReplaceInstruction::getBetId() const {
    return betId;
}
void ReplaceInstruction::setBetId(const std::string& betId) {
    this->betId = betId;
}

const Optional<double>& ReplaceInstruction::getNewPrice() const {
    return newPrice;
}
void ReplaceInstruction::setNewPrice(const Optional<double>& newPrice) {
    this->newPrice = newPrice;
}

}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Forum Home > REGIONAL HISTORY > Europe > Medieval Europe 476 AD - 1492 AD
Formation of a Lithuanian State
Points: 3 Topic: Formation of a Lithuanian State
Posted: 14 Jun 2018 at 04:25
"By approximately 1245, Mindaugas was being called supreme king, and it was understood that all of the Lithuanian lands and those of certain neighbours – southern Selonia, Black Rus', possibly the Rus'ian castles of Breslav and Minsk were in the hands of a single sovereign."
http://www.genuinehistory.com/formation-of-a-lithuanian-state/
toyomotor
Location: Tasmania, AUST.
Points: 5242 Posted: 14 Jun 2018 at 12:49
Yes, but understood by whom?
The Rus, at the time comprised of tribes, and in 1245, they were still basically under feudal bondage to the Mongols.
The Mongols had terrorised the Kievan Rus (or Rus as they were known at the time) and the latter had brought the Mongols off, and even contracted Mongols to fight for them.
But, around 1245, Mindaugas was still engaged in "on again-off again" battles with other aspirants to the Crown, which itself was bestowed by the Pope, not the people.
Lithuania, as a region, had been in existance for centuries with only local lords in control. Mindaugas unified Lithuania by deals and by defeating some of the opposition, but he wasn't truly recognised as the first King until about the 19th Century.
(See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindaugas)
Edited by toyomotor - 20 Jun 2018 at 15:13
It's not that I was born in Ireland,
It's the Ireland that was born in me.


text:
Opera HITS!
Canandaigua Academy Theatre
Gerard Floriano
Founder & Artistic Director
www.gerardfloriano.com
An accomplished orchestral conductor who has worked extensively in opera, Maestro Gerard Floriano maintains a busy schedule as artistic director, music director, and guest conductor having conducted concerts in Krakow, Warsaw, Prague, Barcelona, Madrid, Florence, Rome, Vienna, Salzburg and Leipzig, as well as in many of America's premier concert halls, including NYC's Carnegie Hall and Alice Tully Hall, Baltimore's Meyerhoff Symphony Hall, and Buffalo's Kleinhans Music Hall. He is the visionary and creative force behind Finger Lakes Opera. Now in its seventh season, Finger Lakes Opera has become a glimmering treasure on the western New York cultural scene. "Finger Lakes Opera is one of the most vibrant arts organizations in western New York. Their level of artistry rivals the very best regional opera companies in the country." (Anthony Dean Griffey, operatic tenor and professor of voice at the Eastman School of Music). Music critics have been effusive in their praise as well: John Pitcher wrote "Floriano proved to be nothing less than a virtuoso conductor… He led his fine orchestra with color, precision and a welcome degree of sweep… ushering in a New Age of Opera in Western New York" and the 2015 production of L'elisir d'amorE garnered similar acclaim from Rochester City Newspaper, "….Musical director and Finger Lakes Opera artistic director Gerard Floriano paced the whole show to perfection, and the orchestra…had every Donizettian detail in place."
Upcoming highlights of 2018-2019 include a new production of La Bohème at Finger Lakes Opera, Beethoven's 9th Symphony with the Geneseo Symphony Orchestra and Festival Singers, as well as a return to Spain where Maestro Floriano will lead the Geneseo Chamber Singers in concerts in Madrid, Burgos, Zaragoza, and Barcelona. Of a recent performance of Louise Farrenc's Symphony No. 1 with the Rochester Chamber Orchestra, music critic David Raymond wrote… "Floriano and the RCO presented this rare piece splendidly and with such palpable enthusiasm that you'd think it had been in the musicians' repertoire for years. The tempos were well judged, and the music practically leaped into the Hochstein Performance Hall."
Recent guest conducting engagements include the philharmonic orchestras of Buffalo and Rochester as well as the Geneseo Symphony Orchestra. Floriano spent nine seasons at the Brevard Summer Music Festival as resident conductor for this renowned orchestral training institute where he led the Brevard Symphony Orchestra as well as the top student orchestra, and also served as assistant conductor/chorus master of the Janiec Opera Company. He has also served as the director of the Conductor's Institute at Opera Viva! in Verona, Italy. His imagination and commitment to family programming includes original productions integrating music history with contemporary culture such as his trilogy of original children's concerts based upon John Williams's music from the Harry Potter motion picture series. His reputation as an innovator and an expert at training musicians of all ages has been recognized by the League of American Orchestras. Additionally, Dr. Floriano has published an article on the life and work of Jerome Kern in the Encyclopedia of Broadway and American Culture.
Floriano is currently chair of the Department of Music and director of choral activities at the State University of New York at Geneseo where he received the coveted SUNY Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Scholarship and Creative Activity. Other conducting positions have included fellowships at the Aspen Summer Music Festival and the Oregon Bach Festival, resident conductor at the Brevard Music Center and co-artistic director of Mercury Opera Rochester. Floriano and his wife, Joan, who is also a musician and performer, make their home in western New York.
Support the Arts
Consider making a one time, recurring, or corporate donation!
info@fingerlakesopera.org
Copyright © 2019 Finger Lakes Opera. All Right Reserved


Cumin powder - 1/4 tsp.
Cut cauliflower into florets, wash well and soak in water alongwith salt for 15 minutes.
After de-worming wash the florets again. Half boil the florets alongwith salt. Drain & keep aside.
Chop onions, tomatoes and dice capsicum.
Heat oil in a pan and add mustard seeds. When they crackle, add turmeric powder and cumin seeds. Add grated ginger, and capsicums(If adding onions, add at this stage. I haven't used it). Saute till u find white spots in the capsicum . Now add chopped tomatoes and saute for 5 minutes. Add the half-boiled cauliflowers. Add coriander powder, cumin powder, chilli powder and required amount of salt. Mix well, sprinkle some water and cook covered till done. Take out the lid and add the garam masala. Mix well and saute for a minute. Turn off the heat and add amchur powder.
A simple cauliflower-capsicum curry and a comfortable side dish with Phulkas, rotis and pooris. Goes well with South Indian & North Indian thali.
looks gr8 with mixed veggies. hope it tastes the best with roti..
It looks so appetizing shathiji. Wish you blog more often as you used to.
Very simple yet delicious looking veg curry. Excellent preparation.
lovely yummy and colourful curry.
Wat a wonderful subji to enjoy with rotis,looks colourful and delicious..
This looks yummy and it tastes good with chapathi.
That goes well with Roti...Yummy..
Lovely side dish recipe.For keeps.
Yummy delicious looks so tempting.
comforting dish and goes perfectly with roti's..
Coloful Subji and Healthy too..
Veggies looks crisp and well coated with masala.


First, let me start by saying that I am not the biggest fan of Starbucks, especially after the controversy last year involving people of color, the former CEO, and my personal history of having their burnt tasting coffee turn my stomach ( I don't know if this is a widespread issue or a problem with a certain location). Well, I am delicate, so maybe it's me.
I had to visit the new location that has opened up in the Meatpacking District. I visited Starbucks Reserve Roastery after going to check out the new Samsung Galaxy 10 first look event and it was also at Samsung 837 just like my last post. I have been playing with new phones as much as I possibly can lately, fancy tech fascinates me just in case you weren't aware. I spent about two hours there with my friend Jheanel and we got way too comfortable in this huge space. That said we got comfortable enough for me to give you six reasons to visit even if you aren't the biggest fan of the huge Starbucks corporation.
What's So Special About Starbucks Reserve Roastery?
Well, I was surprised to learn that there are many reasons that make this place so special. You can choose from five different ways to brew your coffee, compare different brewing methods with an experience called a "flight", and pair your coffee with truffles. Have you ever had cold brew infused with nitrogen? The amount of choice is enough to overwhelm you if you don't know what you want. And if you are a tourist, there are enough pricey souvenirs to choose from but I am not quite sure when the occasion for these would come up.
I guess I want to spend $4500 for a mermaid statue at Starbucks?
It's highly likely that you haven't tried everything there yet. If you are addicted to premium imported coffee then the Starbucks Reserve Roastery is the place to get lesser known blends from Africa, South America, and Asia that aren't carried in the smaller Starbucks stores. And all of it is ground in-house in small batches as needed in their massive store grinder or for purchase in small batches at the coffee bars next to a fireplace, c'mon. Be your most bougie self.
Teetotalers and lushes will be satisfied. If you are into alcohol, which I am not, you will find a full-service bar with a menu full of coffee and tea-based drinks. There are also a bunch of spirit-free drinks on the menu which is what I chose. So no pressure.
It's convenient. It is a great way to wait for the impossibly packed venues like Buddakhan, the Standard and Morimoto for an opening. And while you wait, you can get a little nibble at the pizza bar, Princi.
It's beautifully designed. The level of Instagramabilty in this large space, larger than some clothing stores in Manhattan, from the beautiful drinks, the decor and the food.
The drink menu is extensive. There are four drinks with coffee and ice cream, twelve different ways to have espresso, seven ways to have cold-brew, eleven alcohol cocktails, and four non-alcoholic drinks. So much to choose from even if you don't drink coffee. And all of this doesn't include the food options from the restaurant, Princi.
It can fall into budget territory. And the best part for me is that a "happy hour special" was in effect when I came in on Saturday. What was that special you ask? Oh, I'll tell you, be easy. When you a drink at the bar, Arriviamo, at the top floor of Starbucks Reserve Roastery gives you free pizza from Princi while you drink. While the drinks at the bar aren't necessarily budget-friendly, this little deal is for someone feeling sticker shock looking at the menu. And the pizza was delicious!
My friend Jheanel and I looked on the menu and were about to give up and then she spotted at the bottom of the menu a spirit-free category of cocktails and was so happy. There were at least four drinks to choose from and with varied flavors mixed together. They were so beautifully presented that we felt so fancy. Jheanel ordered the Siren's Glaze. It was served with an empty wine glass glazed in hazelnut chocolate and the drink is served on a decanter to pour in a bit at a time to swirl in the glass, alongside with candy and nut bark on the side. So complex in the mix in flavors and was meant to sip and enjoy.
I ordered the G&C, which is a Genmaicha tea-based drink, with Italian Soda, Rosemary sprig and citrus. It was refreshing. The combinations in flavors were surprising and delicious. Isn't my drink pretty? I have to admit that the drinks were not what you would consider budget by any means but with the addition of snacks, it sort of balanced out. Starbucks Reserve Roastery is located at 61 9th Avenue in Manhattan.
Have you ever been to a Starbucks Reserve Roastery? Well if not Starbucks, does your town have a coffee shop with this kind of luxury? This was an unreal coffee experience for me. There were bathroom attendants, people! Do you get me?
If you have had a truly extra experience , tell me about it in the comments below.
I actually don't drink Starbucks much (only their tea in the summer) but this definitely looks like fun. And free pizza? Get outta here! Definitely popping in next time!
The mermaid statue reminds me of a Matt Groening (the creator of the Simpson's) take on the Starbucks logo. Sort of like a mermaid made in Marge Simpson's image, kind of creepy. Actually, I think that you might like the espresso drink made with chocolate ganache, I know how much you like chocolate.
I would definitely go here. Looks really fun and worth it!
I think that you would enjoy it.
That looks fun, we have a Starbucks on the ground floor of our building where I work in Glasgow – always smells acrid/burnt so I am not a fan – however your drink is really cute, that is tempting (and the mermaid chick – I'll take two).
Looks like heaven! I'll have to check it out.
It's a great place to unwind.


text:
Chier peut faire référence à :

Verbe
 Chier est un verbe français, dans le registre vulgaire. Il signifie « déféquer ».

Titres

 Fallait pas m'faire chier la veille, un album live du groupe Entre 2 caisses paru en 2000 ;
 J'irai chier dans ton vomi, un album studio du groupe de punk Métal urbain, paru en 2006 ;
 Qu'est-ce qu'on s'fait chier !, un album des Têtes Raides paru en 2003.

Toponyme
 , un village de la commune de Târnova dans le comté d'Arad, Crişana en Roumanie.

Hydronyme
 , un oued (fleuve) dans l'État de l'Unité au Soudan du Sud.

Architecture
 , un barrage dans le comté de Jackson et l'état du Wisconsin aux États-Unis.

Voir aussi
 la Chiers, une rivière franco-belgo-luxembourgeoise.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The first China twentieth Century architectural heritage project announced Wuda early construction of Wuhan university student dormitory Sakura selected map. The newspaper (reporter Wang Zhen) "the first batch of China twentieth Century architectural heritage" list recently announced, including the Great Hall of the people and other 98 selected, including the early construction of Wuhan University, Hubei has 7 projects on the list. "The first Chinese architectural heritage project in twentieth Century" was recommended by the 97 members of the Architectural Heritage Committee of the Heritage Society of China in twentieth Century, which lasted for one year. This list includes different types of architectural heritage produced in the course of the twentieth Century history. There are 7 projects selected in this province, namely, the early construction of Wuhan University, the site of the Wuhan national government, the site of the Wuchang uprising army government, the modern buildings in Wuhan, Wuhan, Yangtze River bridge, Jianghan Guan building and Huaxin Cement Factory site in Hankou. Our city and Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Chongqing and other countries have become more cities selected projects. Another earlier Yangtze River bridge, Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, was selected as a bridgehead project. Wuhan University is the early buildings Chinese university campus construction and planning in 1930s only complete one, completed in 6 years, a total of 30 projects, 68 buildings, construction area of 78596 square meters, the building is Chinese history there has never been a huge project. In 2001, Wuhan University was listed as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units, including 15 26 buildings: Boys dormitory (now Sakura dormitory), dining room and student club (now Sakura dining hall and student activity center), the school (School of mathematics and Statistics), College of science, the former residence of Zhou Enlai and Guo Moruo the former residence, national Wuhan University library, Lujiang mid arch, (the old library), law school (now the Quality Development Strategy Research Institute), Institute of Technology (the administration building), gymnasium (Song Qing Gymnasium), central hydraulic experiment (now archives), and later the construction of the 61 Memorial Pavilion and the former residence of Li Da.


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Kris Jenner Won't Marry Corey Gamble
June 27, 2017 by TeamCLEO
Kris Jenner reportedly won't ever marry Corey Gamble and a source has claimed that whilst they are still seeing each other, there are times when they are fine and when they aren't.
The 'Keeping Up With The Kardashians' star reportedly has no intention to tie the knot with her boyfriend and whilst they are still seeing each other, there are times when they are fine and when they aren't.
A source told People magazine: "Kris is still seeing Corey. Sometimes they seem fine and sometimes not great …
"Their relationship is more business than romantic … They will never get married."
The pair got back together in May after splitting a few weeks before when Kris told him she needed some space to focus on her show.
An insider said at the time: "Kris told Corey that she needed some space so that she could focus on her family and the show right now. She said that she was getting sidetracked with this relationship and that she needed to put her family before her own needs and wants.
"Kris just really wants to focus on the show right now to ensure that her family stays on air. A lot of people in her inner circle think that Corey was nothing but a rebound from Caitlyn anyway."
And Kris previously admitted she wasn't keen to tie the knot again, although wouldn't rule it out completely.
She said: "You know I've done that twice and it didn't work out so well. So, I don't know. You never know.
"I'm going to take a page out of Goldie [Hawn] and Kurt [Russell]'s book or Kourtney [Kardashian]'s book. I just think as long as things are going to well, why ruffle it up?"
However, Kris did confess she is having "too much sex" with Corey and said their physical relationship was leaving her exhausted.
She said: "I literally have too much sex. I'm exhausted … I've realised I don't want to get married, but I really have a lot of fun with Corey, and I love being with him. He said, 'I don't want kids. I love you, and I feel that way about you.'"
*Sourced by Bang Showbiz
Tags: #cleo, cleo malaysia, corey gamble, dating, keeping up with the kardashians, kris jenner, momager, reality tv, relationship, showbiz
eighteen + 2 =
Taylor Swift Is Gonna Be Releasing A Social Media App For Her Fans
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Choupette Set To Inherit Karl Lagerfeld's Fortune
Jennifer Lopez And Drake Are Reportedly Dating
Lady Gaga To Replace Beyoncé At Coachella
Check Out Fazura's Latest Single And MV, "Can't Forget Me"
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Tag: vostok 1
What Are You Doing For Yuri's Night?
On April 12th, 1961, history was made when the first human being – Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin – went into space. Similarly, on April 12th, 1981, the inaugural launch of the Space Shuttle took place. In recognition of these accomplishments, people from all around the world have been celebrating "Yuri's Night" – a global festival honoring humanity's past, present, and future in space – for over a decade and a half.
This year will mark the 56th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's historic flight and of human spaceflight in general. As with every Yuri's Night that has happened since 2001, this year's festivities will feature educational events, presentations and games (along with general revelry) at venues located all across the world. Do you have any plans for Yuri's Night 2017? And if not, perhaps you would like to know what's happening?
Plenty of events have been planned for this year that are sure to appeal to science enthusiasts and those with a passion for space exploration. One of the highlights for 2017 is a chance to enjoy a virtual reality space vacation, which comes courtesy of the fun folks at Guerilla Science – a London and New York-based group that specializing in creating educational events and installations for festivals, museums, galleries, etc.
Screen shot from Guerilla Science's "space vacation" VR app. Click to see the animation. Credit: guerillascience.org
For the sake of this year's Yuri's night, they are offering people a chance to experience a VR application that allows people to experience a trip to Mars' Mariner Valley, or to take a self-guided tour on the Moon using the clicker to navigate. To learn more about this application (which is also available for beta testing), be sure to check out Guerilla Science's "Intergalactic Travel Bureau". As they describe the bureau's purpose on their website:
"The Intergalactic Travel Bureau is a live, interactive experience that explores the incredible possibilities of space tourism through personalized space vacation planning experiences. It's a little bit like Virgin Galactic and SpaceX meet the Jetsons and Mad Men. Bringing together space scientists, astronomers, science educators, actors and the general public, the Bureau has popped up all over the UK and the US since 2011."
In addition, a virtual event is being hosted by Spacelog, a volunteer organization dedicated to sharing mission transcripts and photographs that celebrate the history of space exploration. In commemoration of Gagarin's historic flight, they will be publishing the transcripts of the Vostok 1 mission on their Facebook page. Like the mission itself, the event will start at 4:10 am UTC and conclude at 07:55 UTC on Wednesday, April 12th.
For those interested, the Yuri's Night Global Team (led by Veronica Ann Zabala-Aliberto) is still seeking Regional Team Leaders to help provide support, coordination, and resources for the hundreds of Yuri's Night parties that have been planned. In addition to organizers and outreach personnel, the Global Team is also seeking translators who are fluent in Arabic and Turkish. To check out what positions are available, go to their website.
Statue of Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Credit: AFP
So far, a total of 127 events have been registered in 38 countries, and on 7 continents. That's right, an event has even been planned for Antarctica, specifically in Loung B3 at the South Pole Station (located at the geographic South Pole). So if you're in the area – for whatever reason, possibly doing field studies on Emperor Penguins or something! – be sure to swing by!
To find an event in your neck of the woods, consult the full list here. And if you are interested in hosting one, you can register at the Yuri's Night website. The website is also looking for donations to keep their volunteer and community efforts going.
Wherever you happen to land on April 12th, be sure to raise a glass to all those who have risked life and limb over the past fifty-plus years to establish humanity as a space-faring species!
Further Reading: Yuri's Night
April 12, 1961: The First Human in Space
On April 12th, 1961, the first human being broke free of the gravity bond with Earth, and orbited the planet.
Though most everyone is familiar with the American Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon, what it took to get there, and the "One small step…" of Neil Armstrong, fewer people are familiar with Yuri Gagarin, the Soviet cosmonaut who was the first human in space. He orbited Earth in his Vostok 1 spacecraft for 108 minutes.
Gagarin became an international celebrity at the time. He received the USSR's highest honor, the Hero of the Soviet Union. Quite an honor, and quite an achievement for someone who, as a child, survived the Nazi occupation of Russia by living in a tiny mud hut with those members of his family who were not deported for slave labour by the Germans.
The Space Race between the USA and the USSR was in full swing at the time of Gagarin's flight, and only one month after Gagarin's historic journey, American astronaut Alan Shepard reached space. But Shepard's journey was only a 15 minute sub-orbital flight.
Gagarin only has one space flight to his credit, aboard the Vostok 1 in 1961. He did serve as back-up crew for the Soyuz 1 mission though. Gagarin was a test pilot before becoming a cosmonaut, and he died while piloting a Mig-15 fighter jet in 1968.
Space travel in our age is full of 'firsts.' It's the nature of our times. But there can only ever be one first person to leave Earth, and that accomplishment will echo down the ages. Scores of people have been into space now. Their accomplishments are impressive, and they deserve recognition.
But this day belongs to Yuri Gagarin.
Who Was The First Man To Go Into Space?
Picture if you will two titanic powers struggling to see who will be the first to conquer space. Between them, they have the best scientists in the world, many of whom they "borrowed" from Germany after the Second World War. They are sparing no expense, and that includes the cost in lives, in order to be the first to get a human being into space.
Sound scary? Well, if you were an American astronaut or a Soviet cosmonaut in the 1960's, it sure would be! But for men like Yuri Gagarin, the first man to go into man in space (and also the first man to orbit the Earth) the rewards would last a lifetime.
Early Life:
Like most heroes of the space age, Gagarin's story began in his infancy. Born to Alexey Ivanovich Gagarin and Anna Timofeyevna Gagarina in the village of Klushino, Russia (Smolensky Oblast) on March 9th, 1934, Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin began his life on a collective farm and witnessed some terrible things in his early years.
In 1941, the village was occupied by the Nazis, and the Gagarin family was forced to relocate to a mud hut on their property as a German officer took possession of their house. His two older siblings were deported to Poland for slave labor in 1943, and did not return until after the war in 1945.
Gagarin pictured in a Yak-18 plane, while training to become a pilot with the Soviet Air Force. Credit: rian.ru
Another version of Gagarin's biography suggests that the family relocated east of the Urals ahead of the Nazi advance, and returned to the region after the war. In either case, by 1946, the family moved to the nearby town of Gzhatsk, where Gagarin continued his secondary education.
At the age of 16, Gagarin entered into an apprenticeship as a foundryman at the Lyubertsy Steel Plant near Moscow, and also enrolled at a local "young workers" school for seventh grade evening classes. After graduating in 1951, he was selected for further training at the Saratov Industrial Technical School.
While there, Gagarin volunteered for weekend training as a Soviet air cadet at a local flying club, where he learned to fly biplanes and the Yak-18 trainer. He graduated from technical school in 1955, and was drafted into the Soviet Army.
Pilot:
In 1957, he was sent to the First Chkalov Air Force Pilot's School in Orenburg, where he trained on Mig-15 jet fighters. While there, he met Valentina Ivanovna Goryacheva, a medical technician graduate of the Orenburg Medical School. The two were married on 7 November 1957, the same day Gagarin graduated from Orenburg.
Gagarin pictured inside the cockpit of the Vostok 3KA-3 spacecraft (Vostok 1) before being launched into orbit. Credit: Getty Images
By 1960, Gagarin had earned the rank of Senior Lieutenant and had come to the attention of the Soviet space program. After a rigorous selection process, he became one of 20 pilots selected to become a cosmonaut, and was further selected to be part of an elite training group known as the Sochi Six – from which the first cosmonauts of the Vostok program would be chosen.
Vostok Program:
Out of the twenty selected, Gagarin and fellow cosmonaut Gherman Titov were selected to be the first cosmonauts to go into space. This was due to a combination of factors, including their performance during training sessions, their height (since space was limited in the small Vostok cockpit), and by an anonymous vote by the members of the program.
Gagarin's historic flight took place on April 12th, 1961, roughly one month before NASA was able to put a manned spacecraft of their own into space. His spaceship, the Vostok 1, weighing approximately 4700 kg (over 10,000 pounds), was quite primitive by modern standards. For starters, the craft wasn't even piloted by Gagarin himself, mainly because the Russians had not yet tested the effects of weightlessness on any humans (only dogs!).
The actual flying was done by crews on the ground. It also had no maneuvering capabilities and consisted of a re-entry craft and service module. The cosmonaut was not even allowed to land in the re-entry craft because it was deemed too dangerous, and had to instead leave the craft and parachute to the ground.
The re-entry capsule of the Vostok 3KA-3 (Vostok 1) is seen with charring and its parachute on the ground after landing south west of Engels, in southern Russia. Credit: space.com
Gagarin's flight began with his takeoff at the Baikonur Cosmodrome and ended with him parachuting safely to the ground in Kazakhstan one hour and forty-eight minutes later. During the flight, he was said to have been humming "The Motherland Hears, the Motherland Knows", a patriotic song composed by Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich.
According to western sources at the time, Gagarin was also rumored to have said "I don't see any God up here" during his flight. However, the transcripts contradict this story, which appears to have been a reference to a remark Khrushchev had made after the flight and was falsely attributed to Gagarin. What he is known to have said during the flight was: "The Earth is blue… How wonderful. It is amazing."
Retirement and Death:
Gagarin gained worldwide fame and recognition after the flight, touring Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada and Japan before returning home to Star City to continue his work with the Russian space program. He was no longer allowed into active service given his celebrity status, the government fearing that they might lose their poster boy in an accident.
Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the first man to fly in space, as seen in 1968 before his death in a jet crash. Credit: RSC Energia
This would prove to be an ironic decision, considering that seven years later, he died in an accident during a training flight. This occurred on March 27th, 1968, when Gagarin's plane crashed and he and his instructor were killed. For many years, the circumstances surrounding the accident remained shrouded in mystery, and were the subject of much speculation and rumor.
In 2013, the truth about his death was finally revealed when the report detailing the incident was declassified. In an article that appeared on Russia Today, former cosmonaut Aleksey Leonov shared the details of the report, which indicated that the crash was the result of an unauthorized Su-15 fighter flying too close to Gagarin's MiG, thus disrupting its flight and sending it into a spin.
Legacy:
In Russia, and around the world, Gagarin has gone down in history as one of the greatest astronauts/cosmonauts of all time and one of the biggest contributors to human space flight. For his accomplishments, he has been immortalized by numerous countries, and in countless ways.
The statue of Yuri Gagarin, the first human to fly in space, looms over the town square in Karaganda, Kazakhstan March 9 as officials prepared to commemorate him on his 80th birthday. Credit: NASA
In addition to commemorative coins, a hockey cup named in his honor and several commemorative stamps, he was given the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" – a privilege reserved only for a select few. Numerous statues have also been erected in his honor, such as the one that towers over the town square in Karaganda, Kazakhstan (shown above).
Since 1962, April 12th has been celebrated in the USSR, and later in Russia and other post-Soviet states, as the Cosmonautics Day, in honor of his historic flight. In 2011, it was declared the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations. Since 2001, Yuri's Night, an international celebration, is held every April 12th to commemorate milestones in space exploration.
The Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City was renamed the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in 1969, which was visited by Neil Armstrong during his tour of the Soviet Union.
The launch pad at Baikonur Cosmodrome from which Sputnik 1 and Vostok 1 were launched is now known as Gagarin's Start. The village of Klushino where he was born was also renamed Gagarin in 1968 after his death, and his family's house was converted into a museum.
Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, during his visit to France in 1963. Credit: Ria Novosti
But perhaps the most notable thing about Gagarin, for which he is remembered most fondly, is his smile. As Sergei Korolev – one of the masterminds behind the early Soviet space program – once said, Gagarin possessed a smile "that lit up the darkness of the cold war".
We have written many articles about Yuri Gagarin for Universe Today. Here's Yuri Gagarin and Vostok 1, on the 50th Anniversary of Human Spaceflight. And here's Who was the First Woman to go into Space?, Alan Shepard: Complicated, Conflicted and the Consummate Astronaut, Sally Ride, First American Woman in Space, Passes Away, and Who was the First Dog to go into Space?
If you'd like more info on the Yuri Gagarin, check out the History of Human Spaceflight, and here's a link to Yuri Gagarin, The First Man in Space.
We've also recorded an entire episode of Astronomy Cast all about Space Capsules. Listen here, Episode 124: Space Capsules, Part 1: Vostok, Mercury and Gemini.
Wikipedia – Yuri Gagarin
NASA – Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space
Aerospace Guide – Yuri Gagarin
Wikipedia – Vostok 1
ESA – The Flight of Vostok 1
Posted on June 4, 2015 April 28, 2017
Who Are The Most Famous Astronauts?
There have been many astronauts who have made tremendous contributions to our knowledge of space. But asking "who is the most famous?" is somewhat tricky. For one, its a bit subjective. And second, it can be hard to objectively measure just how important and individuals contributions really are. Surely, all astronauts are deserving of recognition and respect for their bravery and contributions to the pursuit of knowledge.
Nevertheless, in the course of human space exploration, some names do stand out more than others. And some have made such immense contributions that their names will live on long after we too have passed away. So without further ado, here are just a few of the most famous astronauts, along with a list of their accomplishments.
Yuri Gagarin:
As the first man to ever go into space, no list of famous astronauts would be complete without Yuri Gagarin. Born in the village of Klushino in the Smolensk Oblast on March 9th, 1934, Gagarin was drafted into the Soviet Air Force in 1955 and trained in the use of jet fighters. In 1960, he was selected alongside 19 other pilots to join the newly-formed Soviet Space Program.
Yuri Gagarin before a space flight aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft, April 12th, 1961. Credit: RIA Novosti
Gagarin was further selected to become part of the Sochi Six, an elite group of cosmonauts who formed the backbone of the Vostok program. Due to his training, physical size (as the spacecraft were quite cramped), and favor amongst his peers, Gagarin was selected to be the first human cosmonaut (they had already sent dogs) to make the journey.
On April 12th, 1961, Gagarin was launched aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and thus became the fist man to go into space. During reentry, Gagarin claimed to have whistled "The Motherland Hears, The Motherland Knows", and reportedly said, "I don't see any God up here" when he reached suborbital altitude (which was falsely attributed).
Afterwards, he toured the world and became a celebrity at home, commemorated with stamps, statues, and the renaming of his ancestral village to Gagarin. The 12th of April is also known as "Cosmonauts Day" in Russia and many former Soviet-states in his honor.
Gagarin died during a routine training exercise in March 27th, 1968. The details of his death were not released until June of 2013, when a declassified report indicated that Gagarin's death was caused by the error of another pilot.
Alan B. Shepard Jr.:
In addition to being an astronaut and one of the Mercury Seven – the first seven pilots selected by NASA to go into space – Shepard was also the first American man to go into space. He was born November 18th, 1923 in Pebble, California and graduated from the United States Naval Academy with a Bachelor of Science degree. While in the Navy, Shepard became a fighter pilot and served aboard several aircraft carriers in the Mediterranean.
Alan Shepard prepares for his historic flight on May 5, 1961. Credit: NASA
In 1959, he was selected as one of 110 military test pilots to join NASA. As 0ne of the seven Mercury astronauts, Shepard was selected to be the first to go up on May 5th, 1961. Known as the Freedom 7 mission, this flight placed him into a suborbital flight around Earth. Unfortunately, Alan was beaten into space by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin by only a few weeks, and hence became the first American to go into space.
Shepard went on to lead other missions, including the Apollo 14 mission – which was the third mission to land on the Moon. While on the lunar surface, he was photographed playing a round of golf and hit two balls across the surface. After leaving NASA, he became a successful businessman. He died of leukemia on July 21st, 1998, five weeks before the death of his wife of 53 years.
Valentina Tereshkova:
Another famous Russian cosmonaut, Tereshkova is also internationally renowned for being the first woman to go into space. Born in the village of Maslennikovo in central Russia on March 6th, 1937, Tereshkova became interested in parachuting from a young age and began training at the local aeroclub.
After Gagarin's historic flight in 1961, the Soviets hopes to also be the first country to put a woman into space. On 16 February 1962, Valentina Tereshkova was selected to join the female cosmonaut corps, and was selected amongst hundreds to be one of five women who would go into space.
In addition to her expertise in parachuting (which was essential since Vostok pilots were to parachute from the capsule after reentry), her background as a "proletariat", and the fact that her father was a war hero from the Russo-Finnish War, led to her being selected.
Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova photographed inside the Vostok-6 spacecraft on June 16, 1963. Credit: Roscosmos
Her mission, Vostok 6, took place on June 16th, 1963. During her flight, Tereshkova orbited Earth forty-eight times, kept a flight log and took photographs that would prove useful to atmospheric studies. Aside from some nausea (which she later claimed was the result of spoiled food!) she maintained herself for the full three days and parachuted down during re-entry, landing a bit hard and bruising her face.
After returning home, Tereshkova went on to become a cosmonaut engineer and spent the rest of her life in key political positions. She married fellow cosmonaut Andrian Nikolayev and had a daughter. After her flight, the women's corps was dissolved. Vostok 6 was to be the last of the Vostok flights, and it would be nineteen years before another woman would go into space (see Sally Ride, below).
John Glenn Jr.:
Colonel Glenn, USMC (retired) was a Marine Corps fighter pilot and a test pilot before becoming an astronaut. Due to his experience, he was chosen by NASA to be part of the Mercury Seven in 1959. On February 20, 1962, Glenn flew the Friendship 7 mission, and thus became the first American astronaut to orbit the Earth and the fifth person to go into space.
John Glenn enters his Friendship 7 spacecraft on On Feb. 20, 1962. Credit: NASA
For his contributions to spaceflight, John Glenn earned the Space Congressional Medal of Honor. After an extensive career as an astronaut, Glenn retired from NASA on January 16th, 1964, to enter politics. He won his first bid to become a US Senator in 1974, representing Ohio for the Democratic Party, and was reelected numerous times before retiring in January of 1999.
With the death of Scott Carpenter on October 10, 2013, he became the last surviving member of the Mercury Seven. He was also the only astronaut to fly in both the Mercury and Space Shuttle programs – at age 77, he flew as a Payload Specialist on Discovery mission (STS-95). For his history of service, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012.
Neil Armstrong:
Neil Armstrong is arguably the most famous astronauts, and indeed one of the most famous people that has ever lived. As commander of the historic Apollo 11 mission, he will forever be remembered as the first man to ever walk on a body other than Earth. Born on August 5th, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio, he graduated from Purdue University and served the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics High-Speed Flight Station before becoming an astronaut.
Neil A. Armstrong inside the Lunar Module after EVA. Credit: NASA
In accordance with the Holloway Plan, Neil studied at Purdue for two years and then committed to three years of military service as a naval aviator before completing his degree. During this time, he trained in the use of jet aircraft and became a test pilot at Andrews Air Force base, meeting such personalities as Chuck Yeager.
In 1962, when NASA was looking to create a second group of astronauts (after the Mercury 7), Armstrong joined and became part of the Gemini program. He flew two missions, as the command pilot and back-up command pilot for Gemini 8 and Gemini 11 (both in 1966), before being offered a spot with the Apollo program.
On July 16th, 1969, Armstrong went into space aboard the Apollo 11 spacecraft, alongside "Buzz" Aldrin and Michael Collins. On the 20th, after the lunar module set down on the surface, he became the first person to walk on the Moon. As he stepped onto the lunar surface, Armstrong uttered the famous words, "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind."
After retiring from NASA in 1971, Armstrong completed his master's degree in aerospace engineering, became a professor at the University of Cincinnati, and a private businessman.
On Augusts 25th, 2012, he died at the age of 82 after suffering complications from coronary artery bypass surgery. On September 14th, his cremated remains were scattered in the Atlantic Ocean during a burial-at-sea ceremony aboard the USS Philippine Sea.
For his accomplishments, Armstrong was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2009.
James Lovell Jr.:
Lovell was born on March 25th, 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio. Like Shepard, he graduated from the US Naval Academy and served as a pilot before becoming one of the Mercury Seven. Over the course of his career, he flew several missions into space and served in multiple roles. The first was as the pilot of the Apollo 8 command module, which was the first spacecraft to enter lunar orbit.
He also served as backup commander during the Gemini 12 mission, which included a rendezvous with another manned spacecraft. However, he is most famous for his role as commander the Apollo 13 mission, which suffered a critical failure en route to the Moon but was brought back safely due to the efforts of her crew and the ground control team.
Lovell is a recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He is one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon, the first of only three people to fly to the Moon twice, and the only one to have flown there twice without making a landing. Lovell was also the first person to fly in space four times.
Original crew photo, (left to right) Jim Lovell, Thomas K. Mattingly, and Fred W. Haise. Credit: NASA
Dr. Sally Ride:
Sally Ride became renowned in the 1980s for being one of the first women to go into space. Though Russians had already sent up two female astronauts – Valentina Tereshkova (1963) and Svetlana Savitskaya (1982) – Ride was the first American female astronaut to make the journey. Born on May 26th, 1951, in La Jolla, California, Ride received her doctorate from Stanford University before joining NASA in 1978.
On June 18th, 1983, she became the first American female astronaut to go into space as part of the STS-7 mission that flew aboard the space shuttle Challenger. While in orbit, the five-person crew deployed two communications satellites and Ride became the first woman to use the robot arm (aka. Canadarm).
Her second space flight was in 1984, also on board the Challenger. In 1986, Ride was named to the Rogers Commission, which was charged with investigating the space shuttle Challenger disaster. In 2003, she would serve on the committee investigating the space shuttle Columbia disaster, and was the only person to serve on both.
Sally Ride communicates with ground controllers from the flight deck during STL-7 in 1983. Credit: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
Ride retired from NASA in 1987 as a professor of physics and continued to teach until her death in 2012 from pancreatic cancer. For her service, she was given numerous awards, which included the National Space Society's von Braun Award, two NASA Space Flight Medals, and was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame and the Astronaut Hall of Fame.
Chris Hadfield:
Last, but certainly not least, there's Chris Hadfield, the Canadian astronaut, pilot and engineer who became famous for his rendition of "Space Oddity" while serving as the commander of the International Space Station. Born on August 29th, 1959 in Sarnia, Ontario, Hadfield became interesting in flying at a young age and in becoming an astronaut when he watched the televised Apollo 11 landing at age nine.
After graduating from high school, Hadfield joined the Canadian Armed Forces and spent two years at Royal Roads Military College followed by two years at the Royal Military College, where he received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering in 1982. He then became a fighter pilot with the Royal Canadian Air Force, flying missions for NORAD. He also flew as a test pilot out of Andrews Air Force Base as part of an officer exchange.
In 1992, Hadfield became part of the Canadian Space Agency and was assigned to NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, as a technical and safety specialist for Shuttle Operations Development. He participated in two space missions – STS-74 and STS-100 in 1995 and 2001, respectively – as a Mission Specialist. These missions involved rendezvousing with Mir and the ISS.
Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield performing his rendition of "Space Oddity". Hadfield is the first Canadian to serve as commander of the ISS. Credit: CTV
On December 19th 2012, Hadfield launched in the Soyuz TMA-07M flight for a long duration stay on board the ISS as part of Expedition 35. He became the first Canadian to command the ISS when the crew of Expedition 34 departed in March 2013, and received significant media exposure due to his extensive use of social media to promote space exploration.
Forbes described Hadfield as "perhaps the most social media savvy astronaut ever to leave Earth". His promotional activities included a collaboration with Ed Robertson of The Barenaked Ladies and the Wexford Gleeks, singing "Is Somebody Singing?" (I.S.S.) via Skype. The broadcast of this event was a major media sensation, as was his rendition of David Bowie's "Space Oddity", which he sung shortly before departing the station in May 2013.
For his service, Hadfield has received numerous honors, including the Order of Canada in 2014, the Vanier Award in 2001, NASA Exceptional Service Medal in 2002, the Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002, and the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012. He is also the only Canadian to have received both a military and civilian Meritorious Service Cross, the military medal in 2001 and the civilian one in 2013.
Universe Today has interesting articles on Neil Armstrong, "Buzz" Edwin Aldrin, and the enduring legacy of Apollo 11.
If you are looking for more information, you should check out famous aviators and astronauts and astronaut biographies.
Astronomy Cast has an episode on the US space shuttle.
NASA: Alan Shepard Jr
NASA: Neil Armstrong
NASA: John Glenn
NASA: James Lovell Jr.
NASA: Sally Ride
Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova; 1st Woman in Space 50 Years Ago! Ready for Mars
50 Years ago today, Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova made history and became the first woman ever fly in space, when she launched aboard the Vostok-6 capsule on June 16, 1963.
The then 26 year old Tereshkova blasted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome – following in the historic footsteps of Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the first human to fly in space for a single orbit in 1961.
Her mission was far longer, lasting nearly 3 days (70 hours 50 minutes) for a total of 48 orbits of Earth at altitudes ranging from 180 to 230 kilometers (110 x 144 mi). She conducted biomedical & science experiments to learn about the effects of space on the human body, took photographs that helped identify aerosols in the atmosphere and manually piloted the ship.
"Hey, sky! Take off your hat, I'm coming!" she said in the seconds prior to liftoff.
Vostok-6 was her only space mission.
First woman in space Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova is seen during a training session aboard a Vostok spacecraft simulator on January 17, 1964. Credit: AFP Photo / RIA Novosti
But today at age 76, Tereshkova is ready to forget retirement and sign up for a truly grand space adventure – a trip to Mars.
"I am ready [to go to Mars]," she said in remarks on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of her June 16, 1963 blastoff, according to Roscosmos, the Russian Federal Space Agency. Apparently Mars is her favorite planet!
"Of course, it's a dream to go to Mars and find out whether there was life there or not," Tereshkova said. "If there was, then why did it die out? What sort of catastrophe happened?"
Valentina Tereshkova today at age 76 – ready for a Mission to Mars. Credit: RIA Novosti
Tereshkova's landmark flight on Vostok-6 was made ever more historic in that it was actually a joint space mission with Vostok-5; which blasted off barely two days earlier on June 14 with fellow Soviet cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky.
Vostok-5 and Vostok-6 flew within 5 kilometers (3 miles) of one other at one point. They spoke to each other by radio as well as with the legendary Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev. Her call sign was "Seagull". Bykovsky's call sign was "Hawk".
Sergei Korolyov, the father of the Soviet space program, called her "my little seagull."
Korolev wanted to launch a woman to space to score another spectacular first for the Soviet Union at the height of the Cold War with the United States.
So she had been selected as a member of the cosmonaut corps just a year earlier in March 1962 along with four other female candidates. Teseshkova was the only member of that female group ever to achieve orbit.
Sergei Korolev, founder of the Soviet Space program, and Valentina Tereshkova. Credit: Roscosmos
Tereshkova, a textile factory worker, was chosen in part because she was an expert parachute jumper – a key requirement at that time since the Vostok capsule itself could not land safely. So the cosmonauts had to eject in the last moments of the descent from orbit at about 7,000 m (23,000 ft) and descend separately via parachute.
It would take nearly two decades before another woman – also Soviet- would fly to space; Svetlana Savitskaya in 1982.
The first American female space flyer – Sally Ride – finally reached orbit a year later in 1983 aboard the Space Shuttle.
To date, woman comprise about 10% of the people who have flown to space-57 out of 534.
Today, June 16, there are two women orbiting Earth out of 9 humans total – NASA Astronaut Karen Nyberg aboard the International Space Station and Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping aboard Shenzhou 10.
Vostok-6 was the last of the Vostok spacecraft series.
Bykovsky flew a total of 5 days and 82 orbits. He landed 3 hours after Tereshkova on June 19.
Tereshkova became an instant heroine upon landing, a 'Hero of the Soviet Union' and will forever be known as the 'First Lady of Space.'
On June 14, Russian Television aired a special 50th anniversary program celebrating the flights of Vostok-5 and Vostok-6 – "Valentina Tereshkova – Seagull and the Hawk"
And don't forget to "Send Your Name to Mars" aboard NASA's MAVEN orbiter- details here. Deadline: July 1, 2013
Learn more about Mars, Curiosity, Opportunity, MAVEN, LADEE and NASA missions at Ken's upcoming lecture presentations
June 23: "Send your Name to Mars on MAVEN" and "CIBER Astro Sat, LADEE Lunar & Antares Rocket Launches from Virginia"; Rodeway Inn, Chincoteague, VA, 8 PM
Posted on April 19, 2011 December 24, 2015
Yuri Gagarin From the Earth to Mars Tribute
50 Years ago, the dream of human spaceflight opened with the courageous blastoff of Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin inside the Vostok 1 spacecraft on April 12, 1961. Gagarin was the first person to orbit the Earth. Less than a month later on May 5. 1961, Astronaut Alan Shepard bravely set forth on America's first human spaceflight – Freedom 7.
Barely three weeks afterward on May 25, 1961, these momentous events of the early Space Age led directly to Project Apollo and the historic announcement by President Kennedy that the United States "would land a man on the moon" by the end of the 1960's.
In honor of Yuri Gagarin, NASA's Opportunity Mars Rover explored a small and highly eroded crater dubbed "Vostok Crater" in 2005 during its journey in the Meridian Planum region on the Martian surface. Along the edge of the crater, researchers commanded Opportunity to use the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT), to drill into a rock dubbed "Gagarin" on Sols 401 and 402 in March 2005.
Yuri Gagarin - first human in space. Credit: Russian Archives
I created the poster collage above as a tribute to the first human spaceflight by Yuri Gagarin and his legacy which eventually led to the exploration of Mars by the Spirit and Opportunity rovers
Opportunity landed on Mars on Jan. 24, 2004 for a planned 90 sol mission. By the time that Opportunity arrived at Vostok Crater, she had already lasted more than 4 times longer than expected and found that water existed on ancient Mars.
Opportunity is still alive today on Sol 2571, more than 28 times beyond its design lifetime !
Opportunity used its rock abrasion tool (RAT) on a rock named "Gagarin" during Sols 401 and 402 on Mars (March 10 and 11, 2005). This false-color image shows the circular mark created where the tool exposed the interior of the rock Gagarin at a target called "Yuri." The circle is about 4.5 centimeters (1.8 inches) in diameter. Gagarin is at the edge of a highly eroded, small crater that was named "Vostok" for the spacecraft that carried Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin in the first human spaceflight, on April 12, 1961. This image combines exposures taken through three different filters by Opportunity's panoramic camera on Sol 405 (March 14, 2005). Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell Univ./ASU
Scientists are using the data gathered from "Gagarin Rock" and other locations explored by Opportunity to help elucidate the history of the past flow of liquid water on the red planet and determine whether the wet environmental conditions could ever have supported martian microbial life – past or present.
"The 50th anniversary of mankind's first fledgling foray into the cosmos should serve as an important reminder of the spirit of adventure and exploration that has propelled mankind throughout history," said Mars rover science team member James Rice of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md, in a statement. "We are a species of explorers; it is encoded into our very DNA."
"Half a century ago Yuri Gagarin was lofted into a totally unknown, remote and hostile environment and in doing so opened up a new limitless frontier of possibilities for mankind," Rice added. "A mere 23 days later another brave human, Alan Shepard, climbed aboard a rocket and ventured into the starry abyss. Their courage and vision continue to inspire and lead us into the unknown. Hopefully, one day in the not too distant future it will lead humanity on a voyage to Mars."
Many people, including myself, were inspired by the Space Race to become scientists and engineers and hope that continues for the next generation of students today.
Read more about Yuri Gagarin and Opportunity in my related stories:
Yuri Gagarin and Vostok 1 Photo Album – 50th Anniversary of Human Spaceflight
Countdown to Yuri's Night and the 50th Anniversary of Human Spaceflight !
Stirring Video Tributes to Yuri Gagarin
Opportunity Rover Completes Exploration of fascinating Santa Maria Crater
Opportunity used its rock abrasion tool on a rock named "Gagarin" during the 401st and 402nd Martian days, or sols, of the rover's work on Mars (March 10 and 11, 2005). This image, taken by Opportunity's navigation camera on Sol 405 (March 14, 2005), shows the circular mark left on the rock. The circle is about 4.5 centimeters (1.8 inches) in diameter. At the end of the rover's arm, the tool turret is positioned with the rock abrasion tool pointing upward in this image. The abrasion target on the rock Gagarin was informally named "Yuri." Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Opportunity Traverse Map during 7 year long journey across Mars.
Map shows the long journey of Opportunity spanning the Meridiani Planum region from landing in Jan 2004 to recent stop at Santa Maria crater. Opportunity explored Vostok Crater in March 2005, about 1 year after landing as indicted by marker in yellow. Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell Marco Di Lorenzo, Kenneth Kremer
Today, April 12, is the 50th Anniversary of Earth's first manned spaceflight by Hero Cosmonaut , Yuri Gagarin of what was then the Soviet Union. He was strapped aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft and blasted off to the High Froniter at 9:07 a.m. Moscow time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome
Roskosmos – the Russian Federal Space Agency – honors his memory with this stirring video tribute chronicling the Flight of Yuri Gagarin. The outstanding video is set to the song "Seed" with lyrics sung by the Russian Red Army Choir. Dramatic video clips show rare views of Gagarin in training, the actual launch day events and concludes with his grand reception.
Gagarin's smile is infectious and the video brings him to life. Watch and enjoy – several times . And be prepared to journey back in time to the era of the Space Race and the Soviet Union.
Included below is another music video with more amazing videos clips from the Flight of Yuri Gagarin on April 12, 1961and a brief video summarizing his all too short life. Gagarin would have been celebrating his 75th birthday on March 9.
Today, people around the globe will celebrate the historic occasion at over 500 Yuri's Night Events. You can still join in the fun and attend. Find out how at the Yuri Night Website. Or join Ken in Princeton Junction, New Jersey for a free talk about Yuri and another historic space milestone, the 30th Anniversary of the first shuttle flight: STS -1.
And be sure to watch the new film First Orbit, steaming online, which recreates the view that Gagarin would have seen.
Send Ken your "Yuri's Night" event photos/report and any photos of Yuri Gagarin to publish at Universe Today. Email kremerken at yahoo dot com
Read more about Gagarin in my earlier stories:
Roscosmos website
Yuri's Night Website
Yuri's Night Party list
Yuri's Night Party with Ken in Princeton Junction, NJ, USA
First Orbit Website
STS-1 NASA Mission Website
50 Years ago on April 12,1961 the era of Human spaceflight opened with a roar to the heavens above with the thunderous blastoff of Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard the Vostok 1 capsule from the Baikonur Cosmodrome Site No.1 at 9:07 a.m. Moscow time. Gagarin, at the age of 27, dared to brave the perils of the unknown and became the first human being to be strapped atop a rocket, ascend to outer space and view what no one else had ever seen, the entire Earth as a sphere. A bold and courageous test flight in every dimension. And the effects of weightlessness had only been tested on dogs – not people.
Herein is a picture album of significant launch day events, including three collages of rare photos of Yuri Gagarin climbing up the launch tower and boarding the Vostok 1 spacecraft for the historic liftoff of the first manned spaceflight on April 12, 1961.
Sergei Korolev, "Chief Designer" of the Soviet Space program radioed, "LIFT OFF! We wish you a good flight. Everything is all right."
Yuri Gagarin in orbit
"Poyekhali!", Gagarin replied "[Off we go!]."
"I see Earth! It is so beautiful!" Gagarin said from orbit. "I see rivers. Visibility is good."
Roscosmos, the Russian Federal Space Agency, put out a call for anyone interested in Yuri Gagarin and the birth of the human space exploration era to share their documents, photos and other information with the public – and the fabulous collages resulted from the response.
Do you have photos or memories of Gagarin ? Send them to Ken. Gagarin traveled widely as an ambassador of goodwill, bridging the dangerous ideological gulf between East and West during the height of the Cold War.
Gagarin's flight lasted 108 minutes for a single orbit around the Earth. The mission was brought to a close with the de-orbit firing of the reentry rockets. Gagarin ejected from the capsule at 7 km altitude because the hard landing of the capsule was too dangerous for people. So he parachuted safely to the ground. April 12 has been celebrated as Cosmonautics Day in Russia every year since 1962. Vostok 1 was Gagarin's only flight
Tragically, Gagarin's life ended on March 27, 1968. He was flying a routine training mission in a MiG-15UTI fighter with flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin when the plane suddenly crashed near the town of Kirzhach. Gagarin was laid to rest in the wall of the Kremlin on Red Square.
In honor of this 50th anniversary of the dawn of Human spaceflight, a global network of over 444 Yuri's Night parties are being staged worldwide on April 12, 2011 to celebrate one of the humankind's greatest achievements – that's double the number from 2010.
20 years after Gagarin's flight, NASA's first space shuttle blasted off on the STS-1 mission on April12, 1981.
You can join in the local Yuri's Night festivities taking place in more than 70 countries from Afghanistan (visited by Gagarin in Dec. 1961) to Vietnam. Or join Ken in Princeton Junction, New Jersey for a free presentation about Gagarin's flight and my behind the scenes look at the space shuttle and beyond.
Read Ken's other stories about Yuri Gagarin and Yuri's Night:
Yuri Gagarin - First Spaceman
On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel into space, launched into orbit on the Vostok 3KA-3 spacecraft (Vostok 1). Credits: alldayru.com
Rollout and Erection of Vostok 1 Credits: alldayru.com
Yuri Gagarin suits up for launch
Yuri Gagarin seen dressing in a heating/cooling garment worn under his orange pressure suit. On 12 April 1961, Gagarin became the first human to travel into space, launched into orbit on the Vostok 3KA-3 spacecraft (Vostok 1). Credits: alldayru.com
Gagarin heads to the launch pad on April 12, 1961
Yuri Gagarin on the bus on the way to the launch pad with cosmonaut German Titov behind him. Titov was the back-up pilot who later became pilot of Vostok 2. Credit: NASA
Rare Photos of Yuri Gagarin and Vostok 1 Launch on April, 12, 1961 – First Human Spaceflight.
Collage of rare photos of Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin boarding Vostok 1 spacecraft and historic launch of first manned spaceflight on April 12, 1961 from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site No.1 at 9:07 a.m. Moscow time (607 UTC), Soviet Union. Gagarin is greeted by Oleg Ivanvosky who now works in the museum of Lavochkin R&D. Credits: Oleg Ivanvosky/ Evgeny A. Sivukhin/Lavochkin R&D/Roscosmos
Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin strapped inside Vostok 1 capsule on April 12, 1961
Launch of Yuri Gagarin and Vostok 1 on 12 April 1961 opens Era of Human Spaceflight
Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey into outer space by launching to orbit aboard Vostok 1.
Vostok 1 Landing
Here the reentry capsule of the Vostok 3KA-3 spacecraft (Vostok 1) is seen with charring and its parachute on the ground after landing south west of Engels, in the Saratov region of southern Russia. Gagarin ejected from the capsule at 7 km altitude and parachuted safely to the ground. Credits: alldayru.com
Stamps published to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Gagarin's mission. Credit: Roscosmos
Posted on April 9, 2011 December 24, 2015
Celebrate Yuri's Night on April 12, 2011 -- 50th Anniversary of Human Spaceflight
On April 12, 1961, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (left, on the way to the launch pad) became the first human in space, making a 108-minute orbital flight in his Vostok 1 spacecraft.
Newspapers like The Huntsville Times (right) trumpeted Gagarin's accomplishment.
Send Ken your Yuri's Night event reports and photos
Mark your calendars. April 12, 2011 marks the 50th Anniversary of Human Spaceflight and Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin's astonishing First Orbit of our precious planet Earth on April 12, 1961. Gagarin was the first human to enter outer space and see what no one else had ever witnessed – our commonly shared Earth as a planet and beautiful blue globe with no borders.
Space enthusiasts worldwide are celebrating this watershed moment in Human history at a network of over 400 "Yuri's Night" parties taking place in more than 70 countries on 6 continents and 2 worlds, according to the official "Yuri's Night" website.
Gagarin's flight took place in the midst of the inflammatory Cold War rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States and shocked the world into new realities. The Space Race led to the first lunar landing by the United States and Neil Armstrong's first steps on the moons surface in 1969. Eventually, the world's superpowers beat swords into plowshares and united their efforts to build the International Space Station.
Yuri Gagarin was the first person to boldly leave the bonds of Earth's gravity and thus became the first "Spaceman". Gagarin blasted off inside the bell-shaped Vostok 1 spaceship from the launch pad at Baikonur at 9:07 a.m, Moscow time (607 UTC) to begin the era of human spaceflight.
Gagarin flew around the Earth in a single orbit at an altitude of 302 kilometers (187 miles). The flight lasted 108 minutes and safely ended when he descended back and parachuted to the ground, just north of the Caspian Sea. At the age of 27, Gagarin was instantly transformed into a worldwide hero. After the momentous flight he soon embarked on an international tour.
20 years later on April 12, 1981, NASA's first space shuttle blasted off on the STS-1 mission on a daring test flight with astronauts John Young and Bob Crippen strapped inside Space Shuttle Columbia.
Russian postcard featuring Yuri Gagarin
The first "Yuri's Night – World Space Party" was held on April 12, 2001 to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Gagarin's spaceflight. Over 10,000 people attended 64 events located worldwide. The goal was to inspire people, increase awareness and support for space exploration across the globe and foster the spread of new ideas to broaden our access to space.
"Yuri's Night" has been growing in popularity every year. Events range in size from a few folks to numbers in the thousands. Attendees range from astronauts and cosmonauts, NASA and global space agency officials and reps, scientists and engineers, famous actors, playwrights, writers, artists, athletes and musicians to just everyday folks and kids of all ages and backgrounds. Everyone can get involved.
In honor of the 50th anniversary of Gagarin's flight, documentary film maker Christopher Riley conceived and created a film titled "First Orbit" to try and show the approximate view of Earth that Gagarin actually saw. There is only scant footage of Gagarin's actual flight and he himself took no pictures of the Earth from orbit.
"First Orbit" recreates much of the view of the Earth's surface that Gagarin would have seen fifty years ago. Mostly he flew over the world oceans as well as the Soviet Union and Africa.
Riley collaborated with the astronauts aboard the International Space Station, chiefly Paolo Nespoli of ESA, who took film footage from the new 7 windowed Cupola as the station matched the actual flight path of Gagarin and Vostok 1 as closely as possible. The free film celebrates 50 years of human spaceflight.
"First Orbit" premiers worldwide on YouTube in a special global streaming event for Yuri's Night on April 12 . Watch the short trailer below, with original and stirring music by Philip Sheppard.
Orbital flight path of Yuri Gagarin and Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961
Gagarin's call sign was Cedar or Kder - which means Siberian Pine in Russian. Map courtesy of Sven Grahn
It's easy and free to register your local party at the Yuri's Night event website. There is still time to register your Yuri's Night party – Indeed the list has grown as I typed out this story !
Some events are already set to kick off this weekend. I'll be presenting at an interactive and free Yuri's Night evening event in Princeton Junction, New Jersey, about Gagarin's flight and my experiences with the space shuttle and what's beyond.
Send Ken your "Yuri's Night" event photos/short report to post in a round up story at Universe Today about the global festivities celebrating the historic achievement of Yuri Gagarin. Email kremerken at yahoo dot com
First Orbit Trailer II
Russian built Mini Research Module MRM-1 launched aboard US Space Shuttle Atlantis in May 2010.
Shuttle Atlantis delivered MRM-1 (known as Rassvet) to the International Space Station.
MRM-1 undergoes final prelaunch processing inside clean room at Astrotech Space Operations Facility in Florida. Docking port to ISS is protected by red colored covering. Equipment airlock for experiments at top. Russian Flag mounted at left.
Rassvet underscores the cooperation that exists today, in stark contrast to their rivalry during the Cold War. Russia, the United States, Europe, Japan and Canada have now united their space exploration efforts to build the International Space Station. The worlds space powers cooperate in other space exploration projects today as well that venture to the Moon, Mars and beyond to Deep Space. Credit: Ken Kremer