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Synthesis, Biological Evaluations and Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrazolyl, Dihydro-1H-inden-1-one Derivatives
Ashok P. Acharya 1
Milind V. Gaikwad 2
Bhaskar S. Dawane 3
1 Department of Chemistry, Mudhoji College, Phaltan, Dist-Satara (M.S.) 415523, India
2 Department of Chemistry, D.Y. Patil ACS College Pimpri, affiliated, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune (MS) India-411018
3 School of Chemical Sciences, S.R.T.M.University, Nanded (M.S) 431606, India
A series of novel pyrazol-4-yl- dihydro-1H-inden-1-one derivatives were synthesized by using greener catalyst pH 12.5 (Bleaching earth clay BEC) as an efficient catalytic and PEG-400 as a green, recyclable solvent. All the synthesized compounds are characterized with 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR and Mass Spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized molecules are subjected for the molecular docking study with 6KZV-A enzyme, the compounds IIb (E)-2-((1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one, IIc(E)-2-((3-phenyl-1-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one, IId (E)-2-((1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one and IIe (E)-2-((1-(4- nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one shows the desired bonding interaction with 6KZV-A enzyme. The compounds further were evaluated for antimicrobial activities. Amongst these synthesized compounds, the mentioned compounds show good to moderate antimicrobial activities.
Molecular docking
Bleaching earth clay pH 12.5
PEG-400 α
β -unsaturated ketones
The heterocyclic compound with hetero atom has significant importance for preparing bioactive scaffolds. The chalcone and its analogs have a broad interest in the field of medicinal chemistry. The chemical simplicity and easy synthesis method for the preparation of α, β-unsaturated ketones are of high significance for several research groups and synthetic chemists. Based on the literature report and the biological activity of α, β-unsaturated ketones, the SAR indicates the chalcones with heterocyclic moiety have significant interest for their synthesis [1–3].
The chalcone with heterocyclic moiety has significant application in the field of medicinal chemistry with a broad range of biological activity including microbial activity like antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, Antineoplastic, Antitubercular [4–6], high blood pressure [7], phagostimulatory [8], and antioxidant activities [9]. And such ketone chalcones possess anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antispasmodic properties [10,11]. The insertion of the heterocyclic compound instead of the phenyl/aryl has an important interest for the synthesis of heterocyclic α, β-unsaturated ketones. The SAR research proves that the introduction of heterocyclic compound s in α, β-unsaturated ketones leads to an increase in the pharmaceutical properties including their ADMET properties. Because of their wild range of application chalcones, the preparation of biologically active heterocyclic has great interest for the researchers and scientists.
The use of homogeneous greener catalysts has tremendous importance for preparing bioactive compounds, since the bleaching clay from nature has unique important includes there (pH 12.5), chemo selectivity, acidic and basic in properties, and heat stability. Among them, the catalyst BEC (pH 12.5) is a more coherent catalyst that is applied for numerous chemical organic transformations [12–14]. The huge surface area of clay is viscous because of its small-size (5 microns) particles and easy to solid support compared to the other catalysts like solid-supported ones.
The use of greener solvent is one of the alternative green solvents for preparing bioactive compounds because the greener solvent has unique properties including heat stability, solubility, availability, solubility with the various organic solvent, and easy recovering. The PEGs solvent is labeled under the greener category because it is nontoxic to the environment and easily available [15-18] to design novel methods and their antimicrobial property.
Herein, we have developed a novel method for preparing hybrids heterocyclic α, β-unsaturated ketones, and their biological activity. Our fundamental aim is to get the novel methodology for the synthesis of new heterocyclic moiety and its biological activity [19-24]. The main significance of this research is to find out the novel lead ligand molecule with active antimicrobial properties. The importance of medicinal applications is for discovering the novel derivatives of pyrazol-4-yl-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one, thus we have attempted to study docking for the novel multi-substituted α, β-unsaturated ketones derivatives by attractive targets 6KZV-A enzyme [25].
Material and Method
All the melting points were uncorrected and determined in an open capillary tube. The chemicals and solvents used were of laboratory grade and purified. Completion of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography on precoated sheets of silica gel-G (Merck, Germany) using iodine vapour for detection. IR spectra were recorded as KBr pellets on FTIR Shimadzu spectrophotometer (8400s). 1H NMR and 13C NMR (70 MHz) spectra were recorded in DMSO-d6 with an Avance spectrometer (Bruker, Germany) at 400-MHz frequency using TMS as an internal standard. Mass spectra were recorded by an EI-Shimadzu QP 2010 PLUS GC-MS system (Shimadzu, Japan). Elemental analyses were performed using a Carlo Erba 106 Perkin-Elmer model 240 analyzer (Perkin-Elmer, USA).
General procedure for the synthesis of α, β-unsaturated ketones (IIa-e):
The mixture of substituted Het/Ar aldehyde (1 mmol), and bleaching earth (10 wt. % of pH 12.5) was taken in the 100 mL round bottom flask along with polyethyleneglycol-400 (20mL). The formed reaction mixture was heated at 60-80 °C for 2.5 to 3.5 h. The completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC, once it confirmed the complete utilization of starting substrate; the reaction mixture was filtered over Whitman filter paper to recover the bleaching clay earth. The liquid aliquot pours into the ice-cold water and the solid precipitate is formed, filter the ppt and wash with water for 3×2 (10 mL). The crude product was dried and purified by recrystallized from aqueous acetic acid to afford corresponding α, β-unsaturated ketones as products.
2-((3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one(IIA)
Yellow solid; mp.155°C; IR (KBr, ν, cm-1): 3059, 2934, 1705, 1599, 1500-1542, 1230, 754; 1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) (δ,ppm): 4.2 (s, 2H) 7.0-9.1 (m,15H, aromatic)); 13C-NMR (70 MHz, DMSO-d6) (δ,ppm): 33, 113-142, 141-152, EIMS (m/z): 396 (M+) ; Anal. Calcd. For C25H17ClN2O: C, 75.66; H, 4.32; Cl, 8.93; N, 7.06; O, 4.03% Found; C, 75.63, H, 4.30, Cl, 8.95, N,7.07, O, 4.01%
2-((3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (IIB)
Yellow solid; mp.140oC; IR (KBr, ν, cm-1): 3057, 2932, 1708, 1598, 1500-1545 1235, 754; 1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) (δ,ppm): 4.2 (s, 2H), 6.8-9.0 (m,15H); 13C-NMR (70 MHz, DMSO-d6) (δ,ppm): 34, 111-145, 140-153; EIMS (m/z): 441 (M+H) ; Anal. Calcd. For C25H17BrN2O: C, 68.04; H, 3.88; Br, 18.11; N, 6.35; O, 3.63% Found; CC, 68.02; H, 3.90; Br, 18.12; N, 6.33; O, 3.61%
(E)-2-((3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (IIE):
Yellow solid; mp.141oC; IR (KBr, ν, cm-1): 3056, 2926, 1706, 1592, 1510-1546, 1230, 757; 1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) (δ,ppm): 4.1 (s, 2H), 6.8-9.1 (m,15H); EIMS (m/z): 407 (M+) ; Anal. Calcd. For C25H17N3O3: C, 73.70; H, 4.21; N, 10.31; O, 11.78% Found; C, 73.72; H, 4.20; N, 10.33; O, 11.80%
Recycle Bleaching Clay earth
Bleaching earth clay (pH 12.5) is readily available in India and the USA at very low cost (0.10 USD per kg) compared to the others, such as supported Zirconia, 12-tungstosilicicacid, bleaching earth clay (pH 12.5), etc. After completing the reaction, the solid catalyst was recovered in the resulting reaction mixture by filtration.
The chalcone can be synthesized by the Claisen–Schmidt condensation in presence of a base. The method has some limitations in regards to the selectivity, solubility, time duration, less yield, and use of the toxic reagent/solvent. Since form the last decade high awareness was developed regarding the use of greener techniques for generating important chemical intermediates, solid catalyst because of their easy handling, high storage capacity, and easy disposal with nontoxic to the environment. The significant aim of the study is to use greener catalysts in the greener methods for the synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds. Herein, we have developed a greener eco-friendly method for the preparation of heterocyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones sing bleaching earth clay pH 12.5 as a heterogeneous catalyst and PEG-400 as a recyclable reaction solvent.
At the beginning of the research, we have treated the starting substrate with Indanone and hetero-aldehyde using heterogeneous base BEC with pH 12.5 and solvent PEG-400 at room temp. The reaction was performed at room temperature after 12 hours of reaction time. Then, we have increased the reaction temperature to 45 °C for the 6 to 10 hours of reaction time; there was 40% conversion of the product. At 60 °C for 10 hours, there was the formation of the product as observed with 60% yield. When the reaction mixture was treated at 80 °C for 4 hours with a catalytic amount of bleaching Clay catalyst, there was completion consumption of the starting substrate, and the product formation was observed with 85 to 90% yield.
Scheme 1: The new synthetic pathway for α, β-unsaturated ketones (IIa-e)
The formation of the desired product with very good form of the desired protocol, we moved to explore the catalyst selectivity with the range of electron donation and accepting substituent on the 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde substrate. The halogen-substituted substrate gives a higher yield than the NO2 groups. Table-1 indicates all the novel compounds elucidated by spectral data and analytical methods.
The final compounds were confirmed by matching with literature spectroscopic data. The Infrared (IR) spectra of the compounds show the characteristic band at region 1690-1640 cm-1 due to >C=O stretching vibrations. Lowering stretching frequency of normal > C=O (1780-1710cm-1) is attributed to the presence of α, β-unsaturated ketones.1 H NMR spectra of compounds indicated a characteristic singlet of 1H near 8.1δppm due to olefinic proton and singlet of 1H proton near 8.6-9.1 δppm for pyrazoline ring. However, these singlets are coalesced (mixed) with aromatic protons. Singlet of three protons appeared near 3.8 δppm and due to-OCH3 group. Singlet of two protons appears at4.1-4.6 δppm for–CH2 of indanone ring. The aromatic protons appear as multiple around 7.0–8.5 δppm. The NMR data indicate the formation of the desired product and the peak shows the signal for pyrazole protons proton in the deshielded region, while the aromatic peak appears at the aromatic region as confirmed the formation of α, β-unsaturated ketones (chalcones). These spectral characterization and physicochemical data are helpful for confirming the formation of α, β -unsaturated ketones.
Antibacterial Activity
The Agardiffusion protocol was used to carry out the antimicrobial activity of synthesized compound [26]. The results are summarized in the zone of inhibition (ZOI) and results were checked along with the (MICs) values and totally with the standard sample and blank sample. The DMSO solvent was used for the preparation and dilution of the sample by taking 0.001 gram of compound in the dimethyl sulfide solvent. The dissolved sample was allowed to study in the plates with seed agar. The final results of the compounds were compared to penicillin drug (Table 2), based on the result, the data indicate that the compounds IIC, IID, and IIE possess more antibacterial activity (Table 2).
The ligand molecules IIC, IID and IIE display moderate activity again the Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-441), (MTCC- 443) Escherichia Coli and (MTCC-96) Staphylococcus aureus (Table 1). All the other remaining molecules IIA and IIB possess less antibacterial activity. Based on the obtained results, when the percentage of scaffold increases from 0.001 g/mL to 0.002 mg/mL, the compounds' activity increases, as well. It is observed that the enhanced antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds may be due to the presence of –OMe, Br, -Cl or -NO2 groups presented in the 2-((3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one compounds. The ZOI and the related MICs shown in Table-1 for the present antimicrobial studies signifies the importance of synthesized pyrazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents.
The molecular docking was performed by using Autodock software. The 3D structure of the ligand was generated from the 3D chem and saved in the PDB format. The protein molecules were extracted from the Protein Data Bank (https://www.rcsb.org/) [27]. The active sites/ binding sites of the protein were identified using the Computed Atlas of Surface Topography of Proteins (Castro) program (http: //cast.engr.uic.edu) [28].
The molecular docking for the synthesized compounds was performed with the enzyme 1kzn DNA gyrase and 6kzv protein an Ecoli DNA gyrase enzyme with native ligand 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline. The synthesized compound shows the active potential against the antimicrobial activity. The DNA gyrase protein is a commonly studied enzyme. The DNA gyrase is an important protein, which is responsible for the bacterial biochemical mechanism. The enzyme involves in the transcription activity which helps to produce a new copy of the DNA strand. The antibacterial agent's DNA gyrase, the enzyme blocks the generation of another copy of DNA, therefore, resulting in bacterial death. Since the higher use of antibiotics and resistance is a high problem, therefore the development of a novel antimicrobial agent is essential to combat resistant strains of bacteria.
Figure 2: A). Binding interactions between IIE and DNA gyrase (PDB code 6kzv). B) 2D structure showing hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions of 5F with 9 DNA gyrase (PDB code 6kzv) complex
The synthesized ligand IIA-IIE shows good docking results with the enzyme 1kzn and 6kzv protein. The molecule is docked in the active site of the enzyme indicating the hydrogen bonding interaction with the ARG-76 amino acids. The residues ARG-76 amino acids from H-bond with the NO2 group of the ligand with 3.1Ǻ bond distance. Similarly, the ligand shows van der Waals of interaction with amino acid residues like ASP-73, ASN-46, ALA100, THR-165, VAL-120, ALA-47, GLY-77, ARG-136 acids (Figure 2).
Finally, we have synthesized a series of synthesis of novel series of 2-((3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one derivatives via a mild, rapid, and environmentally sustainable synthesis process. The compounds IIC, IID, and IIE display activity against the S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and E. Coli bacterial strain. Furthermore, the molecular docking results give information about the compound IIC and IIE as good candidate for further research with the targeted enzyme with DNA gyrase 1kzn and 6kzv protein.
We are sincerely thankful to the Director, School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (M.S.) for providing research facilities, IICT and Vishnu chemicals, Hyderabad for spectral analysis. We also acknowledge the Principal, Mudhoji College, Phaltan (M.S.) for giving permission for the research activity. MVG thankful to the principle of D.Y. Patil ACS College Pimpri Pune for research facility.
This research did not receive any specific grant from fundig agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
All authors contributed toward data analysis, drafting and revising the paper and agreed to responsible for all the aspects of this work.
We have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Ashok P. Acharya, Milind V. Gaikwad, Bhaskar S. Dawane. Synthesis, Biological Evaluations and Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrazolyl, Dihydro-1H-inden-1-one Derivatives. Chem. Methodol., 2022, 6(4) 339-346
URL: http://www.chemmethod.com/article_146645.html
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suporting information.pdf
Accept Date: 12 March 2022
Acharya, A. P., Gaikwad, M. V., & Dawane, B. S. (2022). Synthesis, Biological Evaluations and Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrazolyl, Dihydro-1H-inden-1-one Derivatives. Chemical Methodologies, 6(4), 339-346. doi: 10.22034/chemm.2022.329102.1441
Ashok P. Acharya; Milind V. Gaikwad; Bhaskar S. Dawane. "Synthesis, Biological Evaluations and Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrazolyl, Dihydro-1H-inden-1-one Derivatives". Chemical Methodologies, 6, 4, 2022, 339-346. doi: 10.22034/chemm.2022.329102.1441
Acharya, A. P., Gaikwad, M. V., Dawane, B. S. (2022). 'Synthesis, Biological Evaluations and Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrazolyl, Dihydro-1H-inden-1-one Derivatives', Chemical Methodologies, 6(4), pp. 339-346. doi: 10.22034/chemm.2022.329102.1441
Acharya, A. P., Gaikwad, M. V., Dawane, B. S. Synthesis, Biological Evaluations and Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrazolyl, Dihydro-1H-inden-1-one Derivatives. Chemical Methodologies, 2022; 6(4): 339-346. doi: 10.22034/chemm.2022.329102.1441


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Egestria suturalis es una especie de coleóptero de la familia Anthicidae.

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Soldiers from Lord Strathcona's horse regiment, 1938
Oregon Journal Negative Collection, Org. Lot 1368 0374N1193
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/soldiers-from-lord-strathconas-horse-regiment
"This was in the first batch of Finley materials we put up. While the wildlife photographs are amazing, and the quality of images is striking, to me, scenes like this stand out.
Family is a common subject throughout this collection, and it's really touching to watch them grow as you make your way through it."
– Mathieu Deschaine, Digital Collections Manager
Wading in the Santa Cruz River, 1910
William L. Finley Photographs Collection, Org. Lot 369 A0065
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/wading-in-the-santa-cruze-river
"As the person digitizing the Oregon Journal collection, I've handled literally thousands of images, but every so often, one really sticks with me. I never cease to be delighted that Mrs. George Loy's penetratingly skeptical gaze has been immortalized on film.
Decades later, the force of it remains undiminished. If you were thinking of bringing any nonsense her way, her face seems to say, you'd best think again."
– Katie Mayer, Digital Project Archivist
Mrs. George Loy, 1933-1941
Oregon Journal Negative Collection, Org. Lot 1368 0372A362
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/mrs-george-loy
"Yoneko Dozono's oral history tells a unique story. She was an American citizen, a Nisei, who grew up in Portland and then went to Japan as a teenager, where she spent the lead up and entirety of World War II, while her family was sent to the internment camps. After the war, she worked as a translator for the American troops. I find this glimpse into everyday life of the average woman in Japan during World War II fascinating."
– Sara Stroman, Oral History Librarian
Oral History Interviews with Yoneko Nadyne Dozono,
by Clark Hansen, 1998 January 23 -February 5, SR 976
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/sr-976-oral-history-interviews-with-nadyne-yoneko-dozono
"What's not to love about a vintage photo of a little boy and his puppy in the summertime?"
– Karen Peinl, Administrative & Development Assistant
Theodore Bohlman with a puppy, 1914, Herman T. Bohlman
Photograph Collection P202, Oregon State University
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/theodore-bohlman-with-a-puppy
"I think this photo is something to crow about. ☺"
– Debora Sanberg, Museum Store Coordinator
Chicken perched on a branch
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/chicken-perched-on-branch-2
"There is a set of photos of the 1925-1926 Portland Rosebuds and there are several reasons why I think they're great. First, I'm a sports uniform nerd, and these sweaters are exquisite. Second, before I moved hockey was a big part of my life, and these images got me curious about Portland's hockey past. I had no idea that the Rosebuds competed for theStanley Cup and even more surprising I learned that the roster of this 1925-1926 team was sold to become the Chicago Black Hawks—one of the "Original Six" NHL Teams. Also Dick Irvin, pictured, went on to become one of the best hockey coaches ever, winning almost 700 games and four Stanley Cups with two franchises."
Dick Irvin, hockey player for Portland Rosebuds
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/371n5905
"I love being reminded that our obsession with unusual animal friendships predates the invention on the internet. Here's William Finley's pets: Jill the dog and Don Q. Quail."
– Molly Cochran, Major Gifts Officer
Don Q. Quail perched atop Jill (dog) in the snow, 1926
William L. Finley Photographs Collection, Org. Lot 369 D1898
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/don-q-quail-and-jill-14
"I like this photograph because it depicts the important participation and contributions of women in the early mountaineering movement in the Pacific Northwest. While we often think of early early climbers as men posing with alpenstocks and wool outfits, many of the early climbing expeditions in the late 1800s to peaks such as Mt. Hood and Mt. Jefferson (depicted here) included female climbers (who, by the way, often climbed in full skirts)."
– Lindsey Benjamin, Archives Specialist
Mazama Climber on Mount Jefferson, 1917. Herman T. Bohlman
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/mazama-climber-2
"Oregon is a profoundly beautiful state. These photographs capture that well for me, and I like that these proofs capture the process of colorization of the prints. There are several examples in the collection of the same print recolored in different ways, sometimes creating dramatic differences in the scene."
Moonlight from Bird Rocks, Cannon Beach, Oregon 1909
Kiser Photo Co. photographs, Org. Lot 140, ba021251
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/moonlight-from-bird-rocks
"I like the preliminary results of the 1857 election. I like this one because I remember when Elerina came across it, and we spent time researching it. Plus, it's an example of how digital collections isn't just images."
Preliminary abstract of votes, November 1857 Oregon election
Oregon elections collection, 1846-1888; Mss 1231; Box 01, Folder 1
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/preliminary-abstract-of-votes-november-1857-oregon-election
"I love it because it is downright funny…"
– Shannon Bougher, Director of Human Resources
Turkey and two dogs, one carrying hatchet.
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/turkey-and-two-dogs-one-carrying-hatchet
"As a baseball geek especially when it comes to uniforms and logos I was very excited to see this image. This was my first opportunity to view a photograph of a player in a Portland Webfoots uniform and it did not disappoint with its silhouetted duck in profile. The subject of the photograph was most likely William Harris who was on the 1902 team. The Webfoots were the first professional baseball team to call Vaughn Street Park home."
– Andrew VanDerZanden, Visitor Services & Museum Store
Harris, baseball player for Portland
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/harris-baseball-player-for-portland-2
"The Kiser photos that were taken during the Lewis and Clark Expo of 1905 are some of my favorites. I have seen them in our collection before, but with the OHSDC, the images are scanned in at such a high resolution that you are able to experience so many fantastic details in these photos that I was never able to take in before they were made available in this forma t. Any of the shots of Portland's "little Venice" just blow my mind as it is so hard to picture something like this in modern day NW Portland!"
– Rachel Randles, Communications & Marketing Manager
Kiralfy's "Carnival of Venice", Lewis and Clark Exposition, 1905
Kiser Photo Co. photographs, Org. Lot 140, OrHi 68756
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/kiralfys-carnival-of-venice-lewis-and-clark-exposition
"My favorite item is the first set of lecture notes by Herman Bohlman in Coll 542. The first three pages transport you not only to an early 20th century lecture hall filled with bird enthusiasts, but also into Herman Bohlman's basement, where he painstakingly hand colors glass lantern slides to illustrate his lectures, and into the close-knit world of wildlife conservation. Imagine Bohlman, armed with tiny brushes after a long day on the job as a plumber, attempting to bring to life his observations in the field. He has a mountain of slides to color, and who appears but internationally-acclaimed wildlife illustrator R. Bruce Horsfall? Shhh... Lights Out... it's time for the show. #tinybrushes #missingdeadlines #famousvisitor #plumberbyday #artistbynight"
– Shawna Gandy, Library Director
Herman T. Bohlman Lecture Notes, circa 1900-1920; Coll 542;
Box 1, Folder 1; Hand painted lantern slides, Portland Audubon Society
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/lecture-notes
"This reminds me of those iconic early twentieth century images of New York under construction. I'll try to recall it's beauty the next time I'm stuck in traffic trying to get to the west side."
– Erin Brasell, OHQ Editorial, Design, & Production Manager
Joining of the center arch, Ross Island Bridge, 1926
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/joining-of-center-arch-ross-island-bridge
"I like this image from the Kiser collection. These sorts of hand-colored photos are cool; I selected this one because it's an Oregon scene, even though some of the best ones are his Glacier National Park images."
St. Peter's Dome, ca. 1909
Kiser Photo Co. photographs, Org. Lot 140, bb000204
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/st-peters-dome-2
"As someone who has worked with a lot of historical documents, I always enjoy being able to connect to the past through someone's sense of humor. Some jokes or stories lose their meaning outside of a very specific chronological context, but others like this one endure because they are charming, relatable, and vivid. I also like this particular story about Don Q. Quail because we always had a lot of quail around where I grew up and the idea of one being a happy pet and befriending a bunch of school children is too cute to bare. Finally, one of my favorite metaphors pictures a group of librarians as a covey of quail (that we are easily twitter pated, I think is the point) but that's a story for another day."
– Dana Miller, Collections Management Librarian
Don Q. Quail, 1926, William L. Finley Photographs Collection, Org. Lot 369 D1840
Irene Finley, "Don Q. Falls in Love," ca. 1926
William L. Finley Papers, 1899-1946 (MSS Finley), Oregon State University
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/don-q-falls-in-love
"I have many favorite images in the Finley collection, but this particular image is near and dear to my heart. It was likely taken on one of the first times that Irene joined William Finley in the field and is the start of a lifetime partnership in wildlife photography and conservation. Plus, who doesn't love a woman out hauling camera equipment beside her future husband? All while in a skirt and heels."
– Laura Cray, Digital Services Librarian
Irene Finley, ca. 1906
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/irene-finley-climbing-a-rock-face
"I grew up in the Hood River Valley, and something about the contrast and clarity of this photograph captures the essential wildness of the landscape in a way that modern color photography sometimes doesn't. In the Northwest, so much of the landscape is so jaw-dropping that over time, the magnificent becomes familiar, and it's easy to look at the land without really seeing it. This photograph reminds me to look again."
Hood River and Mt. Hood. View from near Hood River Station
Carleton E. Watkins photographs Org. Lot 93 OrHi 21635
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/hood-river-and-mt-hood-view-from-near-hood-river-station-o26
"Frances Emeline Grim (Geer) was one of the makers of the samplers that we featured in the sampler exhibit that was on view last year at OHS. Her sampler came across the Oregon Trail with her and her family. I love being able to put a face to the name (and trying to imagine her as a young girl)!"
– Helen Fedchak, Curator of Collections
Frances Emeline (Geer) Grim
Cartes-de-visite Collection; Org. Lot 500; b3.f462-1
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/grim-emeline-2
"I love this one because they are English Cockers, like my dog!"
Three English cocker dogs on leashes
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/three-dogs-on-leashes
"The Oregon Journal Collections are a treasure trove of early sports uniform history. There is a lot to love about the era before professionally designed sports jerseys were common."
Rosie? Helmer, Calgary Tigers hockey coach
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/rosie-helmer-calgary-tigers-hockey-coach
"While I understand the horrors of a bear in captivity (and collar), this is a pretty amazing image."
Bear drinking from a bottle, 1914
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/bear-drinking-from-a-bottle-3
"The Monteith family photographs are my vote as some of my favorites. They demonstrate how, in the face of severely deteriorated originals, OHS remains committed to and works hard to provide high-quality images to the public of the people who have contributed to Oregon's dynamic history."
– Elerina Aldamar, Reference Archivist
Monteith family photograph collection, 1847-1854
Org. Lot 1388
https://digitalcollections.ohs.org/org-lot-1388-monteith-family-photograph-collection-1847-1854
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Newly Added to OHS Digital Collections
Recent additions from the OHS Maps Collection
11 large format maps from the OHS Maps Collection have been digitized and added to our Digital Collections site. Many of these appear in Experience Oregon, and in the Spring 2019 issue of the Oregon Historical Quarterly, which includes and article by Stuart Barker about the development of the Oregon Skyline Trail from a scenic highway to an eventual hiking trail during the 1920s and 1930s.
Frames Per Second: Selections from the OHS 16mm News Film Collection, 1969-1981
The images in this exhibit are scans from the KOIN and KPTV 16mm news film collections held at the Oregon Historical Society (OHS) Research Library. Every three frames of 16mm film represents 1/8 of a second — or just faster than the blink of an eye. These stories represent, in part, the day-to-day events that helped shape Portland from 1969 to 1981.
These Century-Old Photos Inspired Some of the West's First Bird Refuges
By Kenn Kaufman, Audubon Magazine. William Lovell Finley (1876-1953) was a pioneer in using photography to promote conservation. Beginning in the late 1890s, he and his friend Herman T. Bohlman began experimenting with photography of birds in natural settings. During the following decades, Finley and his colleagues traveled through the wilds of Oregon and other western states, capturing thousands of images of wild...
Wild Wild Archive: Analog Videotape of the Rajneesh Movement at the Oregon Historical Society
by Matthew Cowan, Archivist—Moving Images & Photography, Oregon Historical Society. In 1989, local Portland television station KGW donated 512 U-matic videotapes to the Oregon Historical Society (OHS). Shot between 1983 and 1985, the collection consists of more than 300 hours of footage related to the Rajneesh movement in Oregon—when followers of the spiritual teacher Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh set up an intentional...
Directors of the Netflix Rajneeshees docuseries talk about 'the craziest story' in Oregon history
By Kristi Turnquist, The Oregonian/OregonLive. Chapman Way and Maclain Way were finishing work on "The Battered Bastards of Baseball," their 2014 documentary about the Portland Mavericks baseball team, when an archivist at the Oregon Historical Society asked what they were doing next. The two weren't sure. As grandsons of Bing Russell, actor-turned-owner of the Portland Mavericks, it wasn't a stretch that the...
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The Oregon Historical Society is lucky to have over 100 volunteers helping out in a variety of ways. Learning about Oregon history, developing new skills, and contributing to the community are all aspects of volunteering at OHS. Learn more to find out if you would be interested in volunteering with us!
Lost Portland
Postcards of the city's past grandeur.
The Fred Meyer Story
In many ways, the story of Fred G. Meyer and Fred...
On the Road with Finley and Bohlman: Portland
Hunting Birds with a Camera: How William Finley and...
Mirror on the Modern Woman: Selected Images from the Oregon Journal, 1927–1932
The 1920s heralded the era of the Modern Woman, a more...
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Oregon Historical Quarterly Single and Back Issues
Most issues of the Oregon Historical Quarterly are...
Marie Equi: Radical Politics and Outlaw Passions
Named a 2016 Stonewall Honor Book by the American...


text:
THIS IS BAD! 63 Killed, 180 Injured As Bomb Explodes At A Wedding In Afghanistan (Photos)
A bomb has exploded in a wedding hall in the Afghan capital, Kabul, killing 63 people and wounding more than 180.
Witnesses told the BBC a suicide bomber detonated explosives during a wedding ceremony.
The explosion happened at around 22:40 local time (18.10 GMT) in an area in the west of the city mostly populated by Shia Muslims.
The Taliban denied they were behind the attack. No other group has admitted carrying out the bombing.
Sunni Muslim militants, including the Taliban and the Islamic State group, have repeatedly targeted Shia Hazara minorities in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
The Afghan interior ministry confirmed the death toll hours after the bombing. Pictures on social media showed bodies strewn across the wedding hall amid overturned chairs and tables.
Afghan weddings often include hundreds of guests who gather in large halls where the men are usually segregated from the women and children.
Wedding guest Mohammad Farhag said he had been in the women's section when he heard a huge explosion in the men's area.
"Everyone ran outside shouting and crying," he told AFP news agency.
"For about 20 minutes the hall was full of smoke. Almost everyone in the men's section is either dead or wounded. Now, two hours after the blast, they are still taking bodies out of the hall."
The groom who gave his name as Mirwais told local TV:
"My family, my bride are in shock, they cannot even speak. My bride keeps fainting.
"I lost my brother, I lost my friends, I lost my relatives. I will never see happiness in my life again."
Girls Swapped At Birth, Discover They're Identical Twins After A Facebook Clash
Game Of Thrones Star, Jon Snow Checks Into Rehab Over Stress and Alcohol Use
Court Of Appeal Bans President Trump From Blocking People On Twitter – RIGHT OR WRONG?
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Results: 986 results
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Baum, L. Frank. The Emerald Road to Oz. Photo available. Chicago. Rand McNally & Co. [1910] c. 1950s. Octavo. Soft cover. Reprint. Illustrated John R. Neill. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Baum, L. Frank. The Enchanted Island of Yew. Photo available. Indianapolis. Bobbs-Merrill Company. 1903. 242 pages. Octavo. Greenish gray hardcover over boards, pictorial front cover stamped in black and red. Spine lettering in burnt orange. First edition. First issue, printer's name on copyright page. Illustrated in black, white and color by Fanny Y. Cory. Color frontispiece, color plates. Black and white line drawings as chapter heads and tailpieces. Near fine copy (very light shelf wear, slight fading to boards).
Baum, L. Frank. The Land of Oz. Photo available. Chicago. Rand McNally & Co. [1904] c. 1956. Octavo. Soft cover. Reprint. Illustrated John R. Neill. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Baum, L. Frank. The Land of Oz. Being an Account of The Further Adventures of The Scarecrow and the Tin Woodsman. Photo available. New York. Konecky & Konecky. nd. 288 pps. Octavo. Decorated hard cover. Facsimile edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Baum, L. Frank. The Land of Oz. in dust jacket. Photo available. Chicago. The Reilly & Lee Company, c. 1921. 286 pps. Octavo. Hardcover. Pictorial pastedown on front cover. Illustrated in black and white by John R. Neill. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in near fine (very light shelf wear) dust jacket (in mylar).
Baum, L. Frank. The Magic of Oz. Photo available. Chicago. Rand McNally & Co. [1919] c. 1950s. Octavo. Soft cover. Reprint. Illustrated John R. Neill. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Baum, L. Frank. The Patchwork Girl of Oz. Photo available. Chicago. Rand McNally & Co. [1913] c. 1950s. Octavo. Soft cover. Reprint. Illustrated John R. Neill. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Baum, L. Frank. The Patchwork Girl of Oz. Photo available. New York. Books of Wonder. 1995. 348 pps. Octavo. Decorated hard cover. Reprint. Illustrated John R. Neill. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar). As new.
Baum, L. Frank. The Road to Oz. Photo available. New York. William Morrow. 1991. Octavo. Hard cover. Reprint. Illustrated John R. Neill. Very scarce in this condition. Fine (owner name on end paper) copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Baum, L. Frank. The Road to Oz. Photo available. New York. William Morrow. 1991. Octavo. Hard cover. First edition thus. Full number line. Illustrated John R. Neill. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Baum, L. Frank. The Road to Oz. Photo available. New York. Books of Wonder. 1991. Octavo. Hard cover. Reprint. Illustrated John R. Neill. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Baum, L. Frank. The Scarecrow of Oz. Photo available. Chicago. Rand McNally & Co. [1915] c. 1956. Octavo. Soft cover. Reprint. Illustrated John R. Neill. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Baum, L. Frank. The Wizard of Oz. Photo available. Chicago. Rand McNally & Co. [1900] 1956. Octavo. Soft cover. Reprint. Illustrated W.W. Denslow. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Baum, L. Frank. The Wizard of Oz. The First Five Novels. Deluxe binding. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, The Marvelous Land of Oz, Ozma of Oz, Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz, The Road to Oz. Photo available. New York. Barnes & Noble. 2015. 728 pps. 4to. Deluxe binding. Gilt edges. First edition thus. Full number line. Illustrated. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Baum, L. Frank. Tik-Tok of Oz. In dust jacket. Photo available. Chicago. The Reilly & Lee Co. c. 1940. 217 pps. Octavo. Pictorial plate on front cover. Reprint. Illustrated in black and white by John R. Neill. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine (very light sunning to spine) dust jacket (in mylar).
Baum, L. Frank. Charles Santore illustrations. The Wizard of Oz. Photo available. New York. Jelly Bean Press. 1991. 96 pps. 4to. Pictorial hardcover. First edition. Full number line. Illustrated in black, white and color by Charles Santore. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Baum, L. Frank. Charles Santore. The Wizard of Oz. Photo available. New York. Jelly Bean Press. 1991. 96 pps. 4to. Pictorial hardcover. First edition. Full number line. Illustrated in black, white and color by Charles Santore. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Baum, Roger S. The Rewolf of Oz. Inscribed by the author. Photo available. New York. Green Tiger Press. 1990. 32 pps. Octavo. Decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color by Charlotte Hart. Inscribed by the author "5/18/1994 Roger S. Baum". Related material laid in. Fine copy.
Baum, Roger S. The Silly Ozbuls of Oz, Signed by the author. The Silly Ozbuls of Oz and Toto, The Silly Ozbul of Oz and the Merry-Go-Round. 3 volumes in slip case. Photo available. Westlake Village. Yellow Brick Road Publishers. 1991. 4to. Hardcover. Mixed editions. Three volumes. Illustrated in black, white and color by Lisa Mertins. All volumes signed and dated by the author. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copies in fine dust jackets in slip case.
Bea, Holly. Where Does God Live? Inscribed by the author. Photo available. Tiburon. H.J. Kramer. 1997. Octavo. Hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color by Kim Howard. Inscribed by the author. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Beard, Richard. Walt Disney's Epcot Center. Creating the New World of Tomorrow. Photo available. New York. Harry N. Abrams. 1982. 127 pps. 4to. Decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Bemelmans, Ludwig. Mad About Madeline. The Complete Tales. Madeline, Madeline and the Bad Hat, Madeline's Rescue, Madeline and the Gypsies, Madeline in London, Madeline's Christmas, The Isle of God (or Madeline's Origin). Photo available. New York. Viking Press. 1993. 4to. Hard cover. Reprint. Illustrated in black, white and color. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Bemelmans, Ludwig. Madeline in America and Other Holiday Tales. Photo available. New York. Arthur A. Levine. 1999. 112 pps. 4to. Decorated hard cover. First edition, later printing. Illustrated in color and black & white. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Bemelmans, Ludwig. Madeline's Christmas. Photo available. New York. Viking Press. 1985. Folio. Hardcover. Reprint. Illustrated in color and black & white. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Bender, Michael. Waiting for Filippo. The Life of Renaissance Architect Filippo Brunelleschi. Pop-up book. Photo available. San Francisco. Chronicle Books. 1995. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Pop-up book. Fine copy.


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Extremely beautiful and stylish, this anchor necklace exemplifies discerning fashion and goes well with just any kind of clothing. It makes your looks more stylish and fashionable and imparts a different level of confidence and eloquent mood. Ideal to meet your daily styling needs it transforms your looks from simple to gorgeous within minutes.
Surfer necklace with anchor pendant in Mazama and genuine leather cord. Clasp in Mazama or you can have it adjustable with knots. Your option, your preference.


text:
Paul Lambert needs to raid Norwich City for star ASAP to keep Stoke City in the Premier League
By Adam Simeoni
New Stoke City boss Paul Lambert has it all to do if he is to keep the Potters in the Premier League, with the club languishing in the relegation spots following a heavy defeat to Manchester United on Monday evening.
Fans here in The Transfer Tavern watched quietly as their side were dismantled by a far superior Red Devils outfit at Old Trafford, and there is a growing belief that the club's long stay in the top flight may finally be coming to an end. Not many here are inspired by the appointment of Lambert, and fans told our landlord over a game of pool that serious signings must be made this month if the new manager is to keep the club in the division. A new striker is a must, with the club having mustered just twenty-three goals this season, and fans are keen to see Lambert raid his former club Norwich City for Portuguese forward, Nelson Oliveira.
The 26-year-old has performed well at Carrow Road since making a permanent switch from Benfica, and would certainly be tempted by a Premier League move given that the Canaries are struggling in mid-table in the second tier. Seven goals to his name this season, which has been tarnished by injury, Oliveira in in-demand, and achieving his dream of making the Portuguese squad that travels to Russia this summer will certainly be in his thoughts. Impress at Stoke and score enough goals to keep them afloat, then Portugal manager Fernando Santo will have no choice but to include the prolific forward in his side. If Stoke want survival, Oliveira is the type of player they must be targeting.
Stoke fans, let us know your thoughts!
Related Items:Lambert, nelson oliveira, Norwich, Stoke
Manchester United: Fans hail Fabrizio Romano update on Max Aarons
Everton: Fans laud link to Norwich City ace Max Aarons
Derby County: Fans rage at referee decision versus Stoke City
Article title: Paul Lambert needs to raid Norwich City for star ASAP to keep Stoke City in the Premier League


Sandhills Children's Center serves children 12 months of the year who have special developmental needs. Please consider making a contribution today or join us at one of our upcoming fundraising events! Click here to visit our special event giving page.


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Q: Is it safe to access a method of C# from an unmanaged C library? I'm accessing a method of C# from C now. Below is some snippet of code in C#.
IntPtr pFunc = Marshal.GetFunctionPointerForDelegate (
    new DelegateForMyMethodInCsharp (
        MyMethodInCsharp
    )
);

setFuncPtr(pFunc);

setFuncPtr() is a function of a C library to set the pointer of a C# method. After this code I can call the C# method in the C library whenever I want without any problems but I'm not sure if this is okay.
When using pointers for variables stored in heap in C#, the keyword 'fixed' must be used due to GC. Because the stack section of memory contains methods, it makes sense for me to write code like above. But because I haven't seen people write that way yet, I hope to hear your opinions.
This is a very simple question, but a very important question to me.
I don't want to write unsafe code.

A: You need to make sure that the delegate instance is not garbage collected.
To do that, you can simply store it in a field, and make sure that field is rooted for as long as the unmanaged code hangs on to the pointer.
This is necessary because delegates store not just a pointer to a .Net method, but also state (the first argument; typically this).  To make a function pointer for that, the runtime must create a thunk that refers to this object, so that unmanaged code can get there from nothing but a function pointer.  This is bounded by the lifetime of the delegate instance.
For more information on the difference between delegates and function pointers, see my blog.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


English Language Centre (ELC) trains the students to develop four language skills – Listening, Reading, Writing and speaking to enable them to appear for the City & Guilds IESOL exam. It also offers Cambridge English: Preliminary (PET) Preparatory Course in combination with IESOL preparatory course. ELC aims to equip the students to comprehend the concepts with clear perception. ELC also offers mathematics crash course under the guidance of the academic faculty members from general education section of the BBA Program.
a. To coordinate placement test activities at regular intervals.
b. To guide students and conduct various preparatory courses.
c. To liaison with international testing agencies for the MOHESR approved tests.
d. To plan and conduct IELTS workshop.
e. To Plan and conduct Toastmaster club activities.
The ELC follows the directions provided by the long range strategic plan - 2012-2017 to enhance the services offered to the student body that is aspiring to join BBA, MBA programs. In order to facilitate the proper implementation of the strategic plan ELC prepares semester & annual plans.
ELC conducts TOEFL, IELTS, City & Guilds placement tests for admission to the BBA and MBA Program. It also conducts training programs for Cambridge English: Preliminary (PET) and City along with IELTS and City and Guilds IESOL Exam.
What is the role of English Language Centre (ELC)?
English Language Centre (ELC) trains the students to develop four language skills – Listening, Reading, Writing and speaking to enable them to appear for the IELTS exam. It also offers Cambridge English: Preliminary (PET) Preparatory Course ELC aims to equip the students to comprehend the concepts with clear perception. ELC also offers mathematics crash course under the guidance of the academic faculty members from general education section of the BBA Program.
What are the different kinds of placement tests that I can take at SUC?
In addition to the English Placement tests what other tests should I take?
You need to take Math Placement Test.
Will I be exempted from writing Math Placement Test?
Yes, If you have a SAT score of 500 or if you have a transfer of credit from the other universities or those who have an EmSAT Math Score between 1100 and 1275, you will be exempted from taking a Math Placement Test.
How do I take Math Placement Test?
The sample questions are available in Math Placement Test guide which is available on the portal.
How do I know Math Placement Test dates?
What are the passing marks for Math Placement Test?
60 % is the passing mark.
If I do not get the passing marks what do I do?
You need to register for Math Foundation Course.
Is the Math Placement Test mandatory?
Yes it is; without which you are not entitled to take the next level math course.
It is one semester and it's a non-credit course.
What are the passing marks for Math Placement Course?
60 percent marks and you need to clear it in one semester without which you cannot proceed to the next level of Math courses.
What happens if I don't clear Math Placement Course?
You have to repeat the course and you are not promoted to level 2.
What is the mathematical ability test for BBA program?
SUC conducts a mathematical ability test in which an applicant is required to score a minimum of 60% passing score for placement into the BBA program.
Which tests are the approved by Ministry?
Does Skyline offer any preparatory Courses?
Skyline offers City & Guilds IESOL Preparatory course, the duration of which is 45 hours.
It also offers Cambridge English: Preliminary (PET) Preparatory Course to those students whose competency in English language skills is not adequate. After the completion of this course, the students will undergo Academic IELTS preparatory program. Upon the completion of this course, based on their score the students will be moved to BBA program. ELC offers an exclusive IELTS course both Academic and General.
Does ELC conduct any short term courses?
ELC conducts short term courses like General English / Business English to students of ESP (English for specific purposes) and ESL (English for second language learners). The duration of these courses will range from one week to one month, based on the needs of the students. All these courses will have periodical tests and final test after which the students are given proficiency certificates.


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"But you're not really foreign": An Autoethnography of a Working-Class Canadian "Passing" in England
Kristin O'Donnell
This chapter explores my lived experience as a young working-class Canadian immigrant in the twenty-first-century Britain, drawing on memory work and autoethnography to interrogate notions of class belonging inflected by race. As an immigrant during a period of heightened tension over immigration, my position as a white native English speaker from a former Commonwealth country mitigated my "foreignness". Instead of being conceptualised as "other", I am able to "pass" in both working- and middle-class surroundings. But my "double migration" of class and country—one always slightly obscuring the other and making me hard to place—constitutes a liminal and unstable space. Through reflexive vignettes, I chart a transition from self-conscious working-class Canadian to comfortably passing in middle-class academic environments. Through my status as not-quite-different and yet not-quite-British, I offer a broader perspective on questions of class, race, identity and the inclusions and exclusions that arise from such categories.
Canadian immigrant Memory work Englishness Whiteness Belonging
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BBC News (2019). EU Referendum Results. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/politics/eu_referendum/results
Berg, A. J. (2008). Silence and Articulation—Whiteness, Racialization and Feminist Memory Work. NORA – Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 16, 4, 213–227. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08038740802446492 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, K., & Nencel, L. (2011). Border skirmishes and the question of belonging: An authoethnographic account of everyday exclusion in multicultural society. Ethnicities, 11, 4, 467–488. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796811415772 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodd, P., & Colls, R. (2014). Englishness: politics and culture 1880–1920, Second edition. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Lapiņa, L. (2017). Recruited into Danishness? Affective autoethnography of passing as Danish. European Journal of Women's Studies, 25, 1, 56–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506817722175 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDowell, L. (2009). Old and New European Economic Migrants: Whiteness and Managed Migration Policies. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35, 1, 19–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830802488988 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeil, R. (2014). Costs and 'benefits': benefits tourism, what does it mean? Retrieved from https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/commentaries/costs-and-benefits-benefits-tourism-what-does-it-mean/
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2000). Knowledge and skills for life: first results from the OECD program for international student assessment (PISA). Retrieved from Paris: http://www.oecd.org/education/school/programmeforinternationalstudentassessmentpisa/33691596.pdf
Preston, P. (2004, 29 February 2004). Tabloids brimming with bile. The Observer. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/feb/29/pressandpublishing.business
Samuel, R. (2012). Theatres of memory: past and present in contemporary culture (2nd ed.). London: Verso.Google Scholar
Schilter, C. (2018). Hate crime after the Brexit vote: heterogeneity analysis based on a universal treatment. London: London School of Economics.Google Scholar
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Stewart, H., & Mason, R. (2016, 16 June). Nigel Farage's anti-migrant poster reported to police. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/16/nigel-farage-defends-ukip-breaking-point-poster-queue-of-migrants
Vargas-Silva, C., & Sumption, M. (2018). Net migration in the UK. Retrieved from Oxford: https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/briefings/long-term-international-migration-flows-to-and-from-the-uk/
1.University of BrightonBrightonUK
O'Donnell K. (2019) "But you're not really foreign": An Autoethnography of a Working-Class Canadian "Passing" in England. In: Goode J. (eds) Clever Girls. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29658-2_14


Constipation is difficult to define. There is no one definition of "normal." Not everybody has a bowel movement every day. Stool frequency or consistency varies from person to person.
Normal stools are soft and formed (not hard or lumpy). They are passed without urgency or straining. A sudden change from a person's normal pattern should be reported to a doctor.
Long-term, repeated, or difficult to manage constipation itself is a symptom. It's not a disease.
feeling of incomplete emptying after defecation.
Constipation is a problem for about 1 in 6 children at some time. Boys and girls are equally affected.
The onset and duration of the constipation are important to consider. Most persons who see a doctor have had longstanding constipation symptoms. A sudden (acute) onset of symptoms should prompt a doctor visit. This is especially important if constipation is accompanied by pain, bleeding, or a recent change in bowel habit.
What's the Difference Between Constipation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder. Symptoms include abdominal discomfort or pain, and a change in stool frequency or consistency. There is chronic or recurrent diarrhea, constipation, or both in alternation.
People with IBS may have symptoms that overlap with functional constipation. However, persons with functional constipation may not have the abdominal pain of IBS. Also, they would not have intervals of normal bowel habit and diarrhea with loose stools that can occur in IBS.
For more information about IBS, visit IFFGD's web site at www.aboutIBS.org.
When constipation starts abruptly, or becomes long-term and hard to manage, it is important talk to a doctor. Constipation can result from many things. It may result from an illness, obstruction, or abnormality. It may be a problem with nerve or muscle control.
Remember, constipation is a symptom. Work with a doctor to determine the cause. Then work out a treatment plan that best meets your needs and circumstances.
and discover much more in our publications library.
Thompson, WG. Functional diarrhea, constipation, abdominal bloating, and gas. Functional GI disorders Education Program Guide, Chapter 3, IFFGD, 1997.
Drossman DA, et al. Rome III: the functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2006 Apr;130(5).
Kamm MA. Constipation and its management. BMJ. 2003;327:459-60.


PRESS RELEASE – Redge Camacho fired a 74-71=145 to win the 15-17 boy's slot in the 2012 Thailand Junior World Golf Championship. Camacho fired four birdies on the difficult Guam International Country Club's championship course. Nalapon Vongjalorn shot a 172 to finish in second place.
Jordan Heath, Guam's top 15-17 female junior golfer, was unopposed in the 15-17 Girls Division. She will lead Guam's Girls' Team in the Thailand tournament.
Devin Hua played steady golf as he captured the 13-14 Boy's slot. He also played from the championship tees and shot 78-75-153 on his way to a five stroke victory over Terance Camacho.
Nalathai Vongjalorn, Guam's Ladies Champion, shot 82-78-160 to win the 13-14 Girl's slot. Mary Parsons carded a 83-83-166 to finish second.
These four junior golfers will travel to Bangkok in November to compete in this prestigious international junior golf event. The Thailand Golf Association will provide free accommodations, entry fees, meals, and local transportation to the Guam Team members.


Filmmaker Sumithra Prasanna visited a unique institution in India that relies on community members, rather than experts, to help solve local problems.
Welcome to Economica's Your Voices section, where we highlight submissions from the IMOW Community! Stand-out stories will be specially featured here on Your Voices.
This is a space to speak up and share Your Voice.
We are no longer accepting submissions for Economica: Women and the Global Economy.
Thank you for your participation, creativity, and thoughts!
Photographer Lili Almog presents an intimate look at women in rural China, and examines how the rapid modernization of society is changing women's economic opportunities and cultural traditions.
Lisa Link presents this striking performance art video project about the impact of U.S. economic policies of the last ten years on middle and working class women.
Photojournalist Paola Gianturco visited the Barefoot College in India and met women from all over Africa who are being trained to become solar engineers.
Kathy LeMay, president and CEO of Raising Change, a social change fundraising organization, explains what financial security means to her.
Si Se Puede: We Can Do It!
Ms. Foundation: Recovery for Who?


When considering a commercial bathroom renovation or remodelling project there are several important considerations. Below I have compiled some of the common questions I am asked from businesses' considering renovating their bathroom facilities and in my answers reveal what businesses' should consider to ensure a successful bathroom renovation.
What type of fixtures are suitable for a commercial bathroom renovation?
Commercial bathrooms have different demands compared to domestic bathrooms due to high frequency usage. In order to avoid costly breakdowns and to minimise future disruptions, we at Mudge Commercial Plumbing recommend using proven, reliable, quality fixtures. We can assist recommending plumbing fixtures that will suit your expected usage demand to help keep costs down but would advise against using the cheapest components available. It will only cost you more and create more headaches for you in the future.
How can you minimise disruptions to tenants and the public?
Noisy and disruptive works can be completed outside trading hours. This option is more expensive due to overtime rates however can be preferable to the alternative.
Disruptions can be minimised during your commercial bathroom renovation by supplying additional plumbers so that the disruptive work can be completed in the shortest time span possible.
If significant disruptions are anticipated or if you are wanting to avoid any disruptions then we can provide an alternative temporary bathroom facility during the remodelling of your commercial bathroom.
How can you ensure the Commercial Bathroom Renovation is completed on schedule?
You will be dealing directly me, the owner of the business, Paul Mudge. I have quoted your project and will be supervising your bathroom renovation, so I am intimately in tune with the requirements of your project. This minimises any disconnect between a commercial plumbing company's estimates and operations departments.
I have hand picked each one of my 5 plumbers because of their skill, reliability and work ethic. They have all been working for several years with Mudge Commercial Plumbing on a wide variety of commercial plumbing projects.
As a small, medium sized Commercial Plumber we are more nimble and flexible. This can be very important when working with and / or coordinating other trades on site.
Good planning is at the heart of ensuring our projects hit your schedules. As the operations manager in the business I plan and closely monitor every plumbing project.
How can you ensure my Commercial Bathroom Remodelling project is run safely?
At Mudge Commercial Plumbing we believe comprehensive site management plans and safe work method statements are a necessity for your commercial bathroom renovation to help identify potential hazards and what measures can be taken to minimise those risks.
We are also a prequalified plumbing contractor with CM3, Australia's leading online Contractor OHS/WHS Prequalification system. CM3 certification ensures both contractors and the clients they conduct work for are able to demonstrate contractor health and safety management capabilities. It also provides assistance for companies to better manage their contractors around health and safety requirements. For further details regarding CM3 click here.
With many commercial bathroom renovations occurring in public areas, it is even more critical than ever to ensure your plumber is performing their work safely.
How do you deliver a high standard of workmanship on every project?
We run a small team of skilled plumbers that have all worked for Mudge Commercial Plumbing for several years. They each take great pride in their work and having worked together for so long they each understand the workmanship standards that are expected.
As the owner and Operations Manager I supervise and inspect every commercial bathroom renovation project to ensure that our high quality workmanship is maintained at all times.
Direct communication with the owner of the business, minimises miscommunications and allows you to address any concerns promptly.
We believe our proven track record with several Perth shopping Centres is a testament to the standards of our workmanship.
How much does a commercial bathroom renovation cost?
Our typical commercial bathroom renovations may range from as little as $5K right through to $100K. Your project costs will vary significantly depending upon the size and number of fixtures in the bathroom, the desired finish and quality of components, site access and whether minimising disruptions is important and several other factors. I can provide a detailed quote from site plans and / or a site visit.
Mudge Commercial Plumbing Perth specialise in small to medium sized commercial plumbing projects and maintenance. We service Metropolitan Perth from Yanchep to Mandurah and as far east as Northam and Toodyay. We have completed many successful commercial bathroom renovation and remodelling projects for Shopping Centres, Restaurants & Bars, Aged Care & Retirement facilities, Schools & education facilities, Shops & Office premises and Public facilities.
At Mudge Commercial Plumbing we believe we are the right choice for your bathroom renovation and plumbing maintenance for many of the reasons outlined in the FAQ's above, ultimately however the "proof is in the pudding". Perhaps the "pudding proof" lies in the fact that we are the preferred commercial plumber for Vicinity's Rockingham, Mandurah, Galleria, Dianella, Flinders, Vic Park, Kalamunda, Livingstone & Maddington shopping centres.


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Home › The Terror by Dan Simmons
The Terror by Dan Simmons
The Terror by Dan Simmons is based on true events surrounding Her Britannic Majesty's Ships Terror and Erebus, and now a gripping 10-part AMC Original TV series from Sir Ridley Scott.
Published by Bantam; TV Tie-In edition (5 April 2018)
Size: 12.7 x 4.1 x 19.8 cm
The men who were part of Sir John Franklin's 1845 expedition - as scientifically advanced an enterprise as had ever set forth - had every expectation of triumph, and theirs were the first steam-driven vessels to go in search of the fabled North-West Passage.
But the ships have now been trapped in the Arctic ice for nearly two years. Coal and provisions are running low. Yet the real threat isn't the constantly shifting landscape of white or the flesh-numbing temperatures, dwindling supplies or the vessels being slowly crushed by the unyielding grip of the frozen ocean.
No, the real threat is far more terrifying. There is something out there that haunts the frigid darkness, which stalks the ships, snatching one man at a time - mutilating, devouring. A nameless thing, at once nowhere and everywhere, this terror has become the expedition's nemesis.
When Franklin meets a terrible death, it falls to Captain Francis Crozier of HMS Terror to take command and lead the remaining crew on a last, desperate attempt to flee south across the ice. With them travels an Eskimo woman who cannot speak. She may be the key to survival - or the harbinger of their deaths. And as scurvy, starvation and madness take their toll, as the Terror on the ice become evermore bold, Crozier and his men begin to fear there is no escape...
Just one of our titles exploring the expedition of Sir John Franklin, as well as other polar explorers in our Navigation & Exploration collection of books at the National Maritime Museum.
'A brilliant, massive combination of history and supernatural horror'
The Moon Exhibition Book: A Celebration of our Celestial Neighbour


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The beauty of Virginia is nothing to be missed, especially during the fall season. As the leaves turn and the temperature cools, we've put together our top-three picks for the best way to spend your weekends this fall. Whether a fun day with the family, a romantic weekend getaway, or a quiet escape with friends, there's something for everyone. Find the perfect way to enjoy this fall season, because you deserve it.
Visit the wineries of Northern Virginia: Virginia is a goldmine of some of the most premier wineries on the East Coast. Between the hundreds of wineries throughout the state, some of the best are within an hour drive from Falls Church. Visit the Paradise Springs Winery in Clifton, Virginia, for an incredible wine tasting experience, and learn the process of creating fine wine from start to finish. Head to the winery on any Friday in September for live music during your tasting. Make your way to The Winery at Bull Run to enjoy a five-star dinner and wine pairing, overlooking their scenic estate. It's particularly beautiful during the fall season, when the leaves are changing colors. They even offer a group wine tasting and paint night! Our last recommendation is an hour from Falls Church, but is well worth the trip. The Bluemont Vineyard is nestled in the Loudoun Valley and offers wine tastings with 360° panoramic views of lush greenery. You may even spot the Washington Monument in the distance.
Camp or Lodge at Shenandoah National Park: Shenandoah National Park is comprised of 200,00 acres of pristine greenery, cascading waterfalls, and mountain views. The fall time is the ideal time to visit because as the leaves change, the mountains turn into a scenic overlook filled with the most beautiful foliage. For the most stunning views, hike to the top of the mountain right before sunset. As the light disappears behind the trees, you'll be swept away by the golden hues that light up the mountain. In addition to sightseeing, Shenandoah has something to offer for everyone. From fishing, to hiking, and even the occasional wildlife sighting, Shenandoah is the perfect place to take an autumn getaway. Stay for the whole weekend and experience the unencumbered night sky full of stars as an added bonus. If camping isn't your style, check out the Skyland Resort, which offers the perfect lodging accommodations for a family getaway. For a romantic weekend or more upscale accommodations, we recommend a visit to the Glen Gordon Manor. Featuring charming, country decor and views of the Shenandoah Valley from nearly every turn, you won't be disappointed.
Spend a Weekend at the Salamander Resort & Spa: Located in Middleburg, VA, just an hour from Falls Church, sits a scenic resort, and an all encompassing trip opportunity for any occasion you could imagine. Offering many incredible ways to enjoy the fall, it hosts the perfect accommodations for your girl's weekend, romantic getaway, or family adventure. Enjoy their five-star spa and dining options, including an exclusive wine bar. Take an apple cider bike tour, and even visit the nearby orchard to go apple and pumpkin picking. Wind down with a bonfire in front of one of their many fire pits. For the adventurous types, take a zipline through the colorful fall foliage or sign up for an hour of horseback riding. The opportunities are endless at Salamander Resort & Spa.
While autumn is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful and temperate times of year, Virginia offers particularly incredible ways to make the most of the season. Summer's end doesn't mean the fun has to stop, so grab your closest friends or get the family together, and enjoy a weekend away before the temperature drops!


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Home News Bontebok thrive at Vergelegen wine estate
Bontebok thrive at Vergelegen wine estate
Two of the nine newborn bontebok on Vergelegen wine estate.
One of the rarest antelope species in Southern Africa is thriving on Vergelgen wine estate in Somerset West, which welcomed nine newborns to its now 50-strong bontebok herd this summer.
Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus pygargus) are recognisable by purplish highlights on their sleek chocolate-brown coats, a white rump patch, and a white blaze on their faces. They once roamed the Southern Cape in large numbers, but hunting decimated them to only 17 in the world. These animals were saved by the Van der Bijl and other farming families, and in due course the Bontebok National Park was established. There are now between 2 500 and 3 000 bontebok world-wide.
"We first welcomed 13 bontebok to the estate about 10 years ago," says Vergelegen CEO, Don Tooth. "Our conservationist at that time, Gerald Wright, was on the advisory board of the Helderberg nature reserve. He and City of Cape Town vet, Dr Elzette Jordan, noted that the reserve was becoming overpopulated with bontebok.
"There was insufficient grazing to support all the animals. Some mineral deficiencies, especially zinc and possibly copper, were also becoming apparent. The animals were captured and transferred to us, with the understanding that nine antelope would always belong to the City."
The buck were treated for ecto-parasites and given copper and zinc supplements, and have since thrived on the estate's lush indigenous and pasture vegetation.
There are now three breeding groups established on the estate, according to Vergelegen environment manager, Eben Olderwagen. Each group consists of one ram and seven to eight ewes, with the nine newborns distributed among them.
Another five young rams travel together, after being chased out of the herds by other bontebok, while more young rams roam the property in small groups of two or three.
"They are completely free roaming," says Mr Olderwagen. "I monitor them regularly and if we note something is wrong then we will arrange for treatment, but other than this they look after themselves."
The animals complement the biodiversity of the 3 000-hectare estate – of which 1 900 hectares were declared a private nature reserve last year – and have also played their
part in pioneering social studies, says Mr Tooth.
Some years ago, Dr Anja Wasilewski of Marburg University in Germany researched bontebok at Vergelegen and the Tygerberg and Helderberg nature reserves. Dr Wasilewski investigated their social bonds, relationships, scent communication and use of space, leading to greater understanding of the bonteboks' complex social systems.
"The Vergelegen team is proud to have played a small part in helping ensure the sustainability of this outstanding antelope breed," says Mr Tooth. "Care for the environment is key at the estate. Vergelegen was the first Biodiversity and Wine Initiative champion back in 2005, and we are committed to making the estate a prime destination for future generations to enjoy."
A bontebok newborn roams freely on Vergelegen wine estate.
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The average home buyer is £4,500 better-off after the stamp duty changes that were introduced on 4 December 2014.
According to Halifax, a person buying a property paid a total of £3,676 in stamp duty tax, based on the current average house price in England and Wales of £273,531.
Under the previous tax structure, a buyer would have paid a total of £8,205 in stamp duty payments.
Purchases of homes above £925,000 in the first 6 months of 2015 were 10% lower than in the first half of 2014.
Sales above £1.5 million have also seen a bigger impact with a 20% decline. Total stamp duty revenues rose by 16% between 2013/14 and 2014/15 to a new record high of £7.5 billion.
London contributed 40% of all stamp duty revenues in 2014/15, compared with 13% of all property transactions.
"The changes made to stamp duty a year ago have been of significant benefit to many buyers. Only those purchasing the most expensive homes are worse off.
New rates of stamp duty that are 3% higher than the current bands will be introduced from 1 April 2016 on purchases of additional properties such as buy-to-lets and second homes. Mobile homes, caravans, houseboats and properties sold for less than £40,000 are exempt from the new rates.
No changes have been announced to land and buildings transaction tax in Scotland.


hello gang. newbie on board. hope to have as much fun wheeling and dealing as i have on other boards. looking currently for 2008 aflac cards and 08 usa stuff. thanks.
Good luck with your collections. If you have any questions, don't be afraid to ask!


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ABP plans for vehicle storage facility for 15k cars at former Tioxide site set for approval
The Moody Lane site has been bought by ABP, who have submitted a planning application to North East Lincolnshire Council
Jack Longstaff
The now redundant Huntsmans Tioxide site, Moody Lane, Grimsby (Image: Grimsby Telegraph)
Massive plans to transform the former Tioxide site in Grimsby into a vehicle storage facility for more than 15,000 cars are set to be approved.
The Moody Lane site has been bought by ABP, who have submitted a planning application to turn the former Huntsman land into a storage facility for vehicle imports and exports.
North East Lincolnshire Council's planning committee are recommended to approve the scheme when the panel next meets to discuss the borough's latest planning matters, on Wednesday, October 11.
The moment Grimsby's 'most wanted' is arrested by armed police
If accepted, the site will be capable of holding 15,200 cars and could create 24 full-time jobs.
Titanium dioxide was manufactured at the site from the 1940s until production ceased in March 2009.
RPM Industrial Services Ltd two years ago purchased the extensive site, demolished the buildings and iconic chimney stack, fully cleaning the land for future use.
The iconic chimney was demolished in June 2015.
In April 2016, they were successful in gaining planning permission to erect 18 light industrial/commercial units and a cafe on part of the land. This also includes a corporate training facility.
How dumped baby spent 18 months unclaimed in hospital morgue after being found in drain
RPM then sold the remaining land to ABP, which has submitted plans for the site.
The new planning application submitted to the council on behalf of ABP, by AECOM Infrastructure and Environment Ltd, will see some of the 41.9 hectares utilised for "storage and distribution of vehicles associated with import/export activities at the Port of Grimsby."


Catch Kyle and Jackie O from 7pm weeknights on Max FM! The biggest stars live on your hit music station, and Kyle and Jackie O have the hottest ones out there each and every night.
For more videos, prizes and podcasts, jump over to their website.
M-TERTAINMENT: G-Eazy & Halsey split as America celebrates Independence Day!
M-TERTAINMENT NEWS: Grant Denyer wins Gold and Adam Sandler plays Wedding Crasher!
WAIT A MINUTE, THERE'S A BRAND NEW CHIP FLAVOUR?!?!


The criminal justice system exists to protect the citizenry and maintain safety and order. Together and separately the components of the criminal justice system act to prevent crime, suppress criminal conduct, implement and review preventive crime measures, implement legal measures to maintain order, allow judicial determination of culpability, impose sanctions based upon the guilt of the actor, and provide approved correctional measures for convicted offenders.
The term prison(s) can be combined with any number of terms such as overcrowding, sentences, nurses, release, etc.