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Category Archives: mGlu Receptors
Supplementary Components1. / ROCK signaling cascade is the predominant pathway that increases E-Cadherin containing cell-cell adhesions and cortical arrangement of actomyosin to promote slow, directional, spatially coherent and temporally consistent movement. In contrast, Gi/o- and Gq/11- dependent signaling cascades lessen directionality and support the independent movement of cells. The net effect of LPA on breast cancer cell migration therefore results from the integrated signaling activity of the Rho / ROCK and Gi/o- and Gq/11-dependent pathways, thus allowing for a dynamic migratory response to changes in the cellular or microenvironmental context. (highly uncoordinated vectors). and experiments are needed to tease out the effect of LPA on cell motility and dispersal in different cellular contexts, and to determine how LPA-induced changes in cell motility affect tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. 5. Conclusions The ubiquitous lipid mediator LPA alters motility of MCF10CA1a breast cancer cell sheets via two major pathways: LPA1 / Rho / Rock and roll signaling raises E-Cadherin including cell-cell adhesions and cortical actomyosin set up to market the noticed net aftereffect of LPA on cell migration – sluggish, directional, coherent and constant movement. On the other hand, Gi/o- and G11/q- reliant signaling cascades lessen directionality and boost independent motion, fostering cell dispersal. It's the stability between both of these main pathways that determines the migratory response of MCF10CA1a cells to LPA. Therefore, Sodium Channel inhibitor 1 LPA might support or oppose tumor cell motility and dispersal with regards to the cellular signaling. A thorough knowledge of the rules of LPA-induced cell motility and cell dispersal can be therefore required if the LPA signaling network is usually to be exploited for treatment Sodium Channel inhibitor 1 of tumor disease and undesired reactions should be prevented. ? Shows LPA induces sluggish, Rabbit polyclonal to Aquaporin3 directional, coherent and constant motion of MCF10CA1a cell bed linens The noticed aftereffect of LPA depends upon the total amount of signaling activity between two pathways Rho / Rock and roll signaling may be the predominant pathway to mediate noticed LPA results on MCF10CA1a cells The Gi/o- and Gq/11- reliant signaling pathway opposes the Rho / Rock and roll signaling pathway Supplementary Materials 1Click here to see.(3.4M, pdf) 4Click here to see.(9.9M, pdf) 5Click here to see.(9.8M, pdf) 6Click here to see.(1.6M, pdf) 7Click here to see.(9.5M, pdf) 8Click here to see.(2.9M, pdf) 9Click here to see.(2.5M, pdf) 10Click here to see.(2.5M, pdf) 11Click here to see.(2.1M, pdf) 12Click here to see.(1.4M, pdf) 13Click here to see.(1.6M, pdf) 14Click here to see.(1.9M, pdf) 15Click here to see.(2.6M, pdf) 2Click here to see.(15M, pdf) 3Click right here to see.(10M, pdf) Acknowledgments We wish to thank Paul Randazzo for insightful conversations of data and extensive assist with composing the manuscript, Bhagawat Subramanian for assist with the generation of RhoAKO cell remarks and lines for the manuscript, and Olga Aprelikova for commenting and reading for the manuscript. Financing: This function was funded from the Intramural Study Program, National Cancers Institute, Country wide Institutes of Wellness. R.M.L. was backed partly by NCI/NIH Honor Quantity T32CA154274. W.L. was backed by AFOSR give FA9550-16-1-0052 Footnotes Publisher's Disclaimer: That is a PDF document of the unedited manuscript that is approved for publication. Like a ongoing assistance to your clients we are providing this early edition from the manuscript. The manuscript shall go through copyediting, typesetting, and overview of the ensuing proof before it really is released in its last citable form. Please be aware that through the creation process errors could be discovered that could affect this content, and everything legal disclaimers that connect with the journal pertain. Declaration if Curiosity The Sodium Channel inhibitor 1 writers record zero issues appealing with this ongoing function. Author Efforts: The analysis was created by C.H.S. and C.A.P. Tests were performed by C.H.S.. MATLAB codes for analysis of time-lapse imaging data and clustering were provided and maintained by R.M.L. and W.L; PIV analysis.
Posted in mGlu Receptors
Major aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by excess production of aldosterone from the adrenal glands and is the most common and treatable cause of secondary hypertension
Major aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by excess production of aldosterone from the adrenal glands and is the most common and treatable cause of secondary hypertension. dysfunction. Several mechanisms have been shown to contribute to aldosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction, including aldosterone-mediated vascular tone dysfunction, aldosterone- and endothelium-mediated vascular inflammation, aldosterone-related atherosclerosis, and vascular remodeling. These mechanisms are activated Kitl by aldosterone through genomic and nongenomic pathways in mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent and independent manners. In addition, other cells have also been shown to participate in these mechanisms. The complex interactions among endothelium, inflammatory cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts are crucial for aldosterone-mediated endothelial dysregulation. In this review, we discuss the association between aldosterone and endothelial function and the complex mechanisms from a molecular aspect. Furthermore, we also review current clinical research of endothelial dysfunction in patients with PA. Keywords: primary aldosteronism, endothelial dysfunction, vascular tone, inflammation, vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis, endothelial progenitor cell 1. Introduction Primary aldosteronism (PA) is now the most common and treatable cause of secondary hypertension [1], with a reported incidence ranging from 5%C15% in hypertensive individuals [2]. The aldosterone surplus due to PA qualified prospects to greater raises in cardiovascular problems including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic assault, atrial fibrillation and center failure in comparison to important hypertension (EH) [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Furthermore, many cardiovascular practical and structural adjustments are connected with PA, including an increased percentage of remaining ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) [3], subclinical and diastolic systolic dysfunction [10], and improved arterial wall tightness [11,12]. Endothelial dysfunction can be a well-established fundamental reason behind cardiovascular illnesses and a predictor of cardiac occasions [13] and raising proof shows that aldosterone takes on an important part in the introduction of endothelial dysfunction. In current proof, the result of aldosterone is basically mediated through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). After binding towards the MR, the aldosteroneCMR complicated can additional translocate towards the nucleus to modify gene manifestation (genomic pathway) [14]. Aldosterone could also exert its quick non-genomic impact individual of HOE 33187 translation or transcription in a minute. [14]. The non-genomic impact could be mediated from the MR or additional receptors (e.g., G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 or angiotensin receptor type 1) [14]. Furthermore, aldosterone may also impact vascular soft muscle tissue endothelium and cell function without concerning MRs, either by aldosterone itself or through other receptors [15]. In this review, HOE 33187 we discuss the association between aldosterone and endothelial dysfunction from a molecular aspect of vascular HOE 33187 tone, inflammation response, early atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling (Figure 1). We also present an up-to-date review of clinical research on the association between PA and endothelial dysfunction. Open in a separate window Figure 1 Pathophysiology of aldosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction. There are four major causes of aldosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction including impaired vascular tone, vascular and systemic inflammation, vascular remodeling and early atherosclerosis. MR = mineralocorticoid receptor; eNOS = endothelial NO synthase; ROS = reactive oxygen species; EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; IL = interleukin, NADPH = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; ICAM = intercellular adhesion molecule; VCAM = vascular cell adhesion molecule; PDGF = platelet-derived growth factor; and PIGF = placental growth factor. 2. Effect of Aldosterone on Vascular Tone 2.1. Vasomotor Regulation and the eNOS System The endothelium plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular function, including vascular tone, vasculature and cellular activity. Nitric oxide (NO) was first reported to be a major endothelium-derived relaxing factor by Furchgott, Ignarro and Murad in the 1980s [16,17]. NO is synthesized from L-arginine in the presence of cofactors including tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) via endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), which is an enzyme expressed in endothelial cells [18]. Released NO diffuses to vascular smooth muscle cells of the media and regulates vascular tone in three major signaling pathways. First, it activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), which further leads to the formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) [19]. cGMP activates protein kinase G (PKG), which hinders the calcium influx from voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) and calcium release, and is mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors [20,21]. PKG also promotes the reuptake of cytosolic calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA). Consequently, the decrease in intracellular calcium concentration and inactivated.
Supplementary MaterialsFIGURE S1: Different diversities of samples
Supplementary MaterialsFIGURE S1: Different diversities of samples. examined by metagenomics and our well-developed method [individual-specific edge-network analysis (iENA)]. In addition to the dominant microbiota identified by the conventional differential analysis, iENA could recognize novel network biomarkers of microbiome communities, such as the genus in CG and small-bowel inflammation. Combined with differential network analysis, the network-hub microbiota within rewired microbiota networks revealed high-ranked iENA microbiota markers, which were disease specific and had particular pathogenic functions. Our findings illuminate the components of the fecal microbiome and the importance of specific bacteria in CG and small-bowel erosions, and could be employed to develop LAMA3 antibody preventive and non-invasive therapeutic strategies. in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Sokol et al., 2017). Significant differences in levels of bacterial genera have been used to detect atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia, and D-Ribose gastrointestinal tumors (Coker et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2019). mNGS can also be used to distinguish the functions of the gut D-Ribose microbiome in IBD and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (Vich Vila et al., 2018). Small-bowel microbiota not only regulate assimilation of the adaptive responses to lipids in germ-free mice (Martinez-Guryn et al., 2018) but also act by assessing the small-bowel damage induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Otani et al., 2017). However, use of the fecal microbiome for id of small-bowel and gastric abnormalities is not done. An accurate scientific medical diagnosis can enable monitoring, quantification, and development of an illness (Zeng et al., 2014; Yu et al., 2015), and D-Ribose will be noticed using sample-specific biomarkers (Zeng et al., 2016). Previously, we suggested an individual-specific edge-network evaluation (iENA) to detect the first warning indicators or pre-disease condition before disease starting point (Yu et al., 2017). Also, we completed proof-of-concept research in the rewiring community of intestinal ecosystems by an altered iENA method based on 16S rRNA data (Wang et al., 2018; Yu et al., 2019). Right here, we used the technique of computational systems biology that people had developed to investigate the prominent microbiota and network based on fecal metagenomics data. We determined specific bacterias that had crucial jobs in the scientific classification of erosive lesions of the tiny colon and CG that may offer avoidance and noninvasive treatment strategies. Components and Methods Moral Approval of the analysis Protocol The analysis protocol was accepted by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai 6th Peoples Medical center, which is associated with Shanghai Jiao Tong College or university (Shanghai, China). Written up to date consent was extracted from all people. Personal data were omitted and anonymized. Research Enrollment The analysis went at Shanghai 6th Individuals Medical center from Might 1, 2017 to September 1, 2018. The individuals who agreed to total examinations of MGCE (Ankon Medical Technologies, Shanghai, China) and mNGS examination of their stools (= 15) were recruited. The procedures of enrollment, fecal mNGS, and MGCE classification were completed independently by different investigators who were blinded to the results of each others examinations. Fishers exact test was utilized for evaluation of statistical difference in comparisons between three groups. 0.05 was considered statistically significant. MGCE and Stool Collection At least three stool samples were collected from each eligible individual and stored at ?80C. All patients underwent intestinal preparation with an electrolyte answer of polyethylene glycol, fasted all night, and completed MGCE in the morning. Healthy individuals (H group) were characterized by an absence of lesions in the belly and small bowel through MGCE. Gastric inflammation (G group) was recognized based on the Updated Sydney System (Dixon et al., 1996). Inflammation located in one out of three parts of the small bowel (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) but not in the belly was defined as small intestinal inflammation (I group). We recorded (i) mucosal lesions, such as erosions; (ii) capillary lesions (angiodysplasias, petechiae); (iii) mucosal changes (erythema, edema, prominent mucosal folds); (iv) changes in villi (smooth mucosa, coarsened villi); (v) lymphangiectasias/lymphocellular infiltrates. DNA Sampling Examples of total DNA from fecal examples had been extracted using.
Supplementary MaterialsS1 Fig: CpxA-mediated transcription of is certainly particular for SPI-1 inducing conditions
Supplementary MaterialsS1 Fig: CpxA-mediated transcription of is certainly particular for SPI-1 inducing conditions. the CpxR~P binding theme (-151 to -297) was utilized as adverse control (c).(TIF) pone.0211584.s002.tif (258K) GUID:?88F13BEA-09CA-4821-822A-1600ECompact disc618BA S3 Fig: DNAse We footprinting assay for Forwards strand of promoter performed using the probe for the coding strand with increasing levels of 6His-CpxR~P protein (see Experimental Methods). No significant binding of CpxR~P was noticed.(TIF) pone.0211584.s003.tif (496K) GUID:?7E67ECF1-F59B-4C9E-9CD8-08931F6ECE89 S4 Fig: DNA sequence comparison for promoter region of and Typhimurium. Underlined nucleotide indicate the CpxR binding theme verified and identified in [114]. The starts of the coding sequences are highlighted in bold letters.(TIF) pone.0211584.s004.tif (240K) GUID:?D3C49D3D-8AA5-4F84-A576-FF7A21587645 S5 Fig: Effect of deletion on SseB secretion. mutant NOS01 and the complementation strain NOS01+pSSS11 were grown in MgM-MES medium. Hexadecane and cell pellet fractions were obtained as described above (SI Experimental procedures) and analyzed by immunoblotting. Given is a representative of three biological replicates.(TIF) pone.0211584.s005.tif (727K) GUID:?4FBBB438-5E9D-4605-AC48-8B08CE9EF39B S1 Table: Global transcriptional analysis. Matrix of expression ratios between (SHS01) strains invasion inducing condition labeled with functional descriptions (provided as separate Excel spreadsheet). Raw data are available online (http://www.webarraydb.org).(XLSX) pone.0211584.s006.xlsx (299K) GUID:?0696922D-3630-4E21-A0AF-93DE31E9933F S2 Table: CpxR~P controlled input operons used to construct the CpxR~P recognition weight matrix. CD1E (provided as separate Excel spreadsheet).(XLSX) pone.0211584.s007.xlsx (33K) GUID:?08C9BB90-EF06-4FA3-8166-758F286335AC S3 Table: Putative CpxR~P target operons identified by data analysis in Typhimurium LT2. (Provided as separate Excel spreadsheet).(XLSX) pone.0211584.s008.xlsx (24K) GUID:?DCA2D959-D51F-40BA-BD87-B20D8C4F66F4 Data Availability StatementAll relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files. Abstract The Cpx-envelope stress system regulates the expression of virulence factors in many Gram-negative pathogens. In serovar Typhimurium deletion of the sensor kinase CpxA but not of the response regulator CpxR results in the down regulation of the key regulator for invasion, HilA encoded by the pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). Here, we provide evidence that deletion interferes with dephosphorylation of CpxR resulting in increased levels of active CpxR and consequently in misregulation of target genes. 14 potential operons were identified to be under direct control of CpxR. These include the virulence determinants ecotin, the omptin PgtE, and the SPI-2 regulator SsrB. The Tat-system as well as the PocR regulator that promote anaerobic respiration of tetrathionate on 1 collectively, 2-propanediol are less than immediate CpxR control also. Notably, 1,2-propanediol represses manifestation. Thus, our function demonstrates for the very first time the involvement from the Cpx program in a complicated network mediating rate of metabolism and virulence function. Intro An important band of bacterial regulatory sensing systems will be the two-component systems, each which enable bacterias to feeling and react to a particular subset of environmental adjustments and stress elements [1C3]. Two-component systems understand environmental Amiodarone changes with a membrane-anchored sensor kinase that mediates the response through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of its cognate response regulator [1]. The phosphorylated response regulator modulates the manifestation of focus on genes [3]. The Cpx-envelope tension program can be a two-component program ubiquitous among Gram-negative pathogens [4, 5]. It really is made up of the sensor kinase CpxA, the response regulator CpxR as well as the auxiliary periplasmic proteins CpxP that inhibits CpxA presumably through a primary dynamic discussion [6, 7]. The Cpx-system corresponds to indicators that creates envelope stress such as for example elevated pH, improved osmolarity, indole, adrenalin, surface area build up and get in touch with of adhesin subunits [5, 8C12]. Activation from the Cpx-system leads to CpxA autophosphorylation as well as the phosphoryl group used in CpxR [6 consequently, 13]. Interestingly, each one Amiodarone of these indicators emerge during first stages of disease in the gut and typically, appropriately, the Cpx-system could possibly be from the virulence of enteropathogenic and varieties [4, 5, 14C16]. A deletion from Amiodarone the Cpx-system demonstrated significantly reduced capabilities to colonize cells and internal organs in pigs [17, 18]. Many studies proven the impact from the Cpx-system for virulence. In serovar (can be regulated under circumstances of high osmolarity (0.3 M NaCl) and it is pH 3rd Amiodarone party [19]. Inactivation of CpxA in serovar (and development under natural or gentle alkaline pH does not have any impact Amiodarone [20, 21]. Furthermore, a mutant, however, not a mutant, was attenuated in mice virulence after dental and parenteral infection slightly.
Data Availability StatementAll the info generated within this scholarly research are one of them published content
Data Availability StatementAll the info generated within this scholarly research are one of them published content. of PE-DBMSCs. Mass spectrometry (MS) evaluation of differentially portrayed proteins uncovered HMOX1 among the main candidates lacking in Colec11 PE-DBMSCs. HMOX1 inhibition by tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) in regular DBMSCs led to a decrease in proliferation, migration, adhesion, and clone development processes when compared with the untreated handles. proteins BIBR 953 small molecule kinase inhibitor and mRNA analyses of PE-DBMSCs preconditioned with H2O2 in lower dosages showed upregulation of HMOX1 appearance. Conclusions We hereby present for the very first time that lack of function of stem cells/stromal cells isolated in the sufferers with preeclampsia may lead towards the condition exacerbation. Our outcomes claim that HMOX1 could be partially in charge of the increased BIBR 953 small molecule kinase inhibitor loss of efficiency in PE-DBMSCs and lead significantly to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Nevertheless, additional analysis must decipher its precise part in the onset and development of the disorder. (DBMSCs), have exceptional quality features. They show to prevent irritation in a variety of inflammatory illnesses [13]. Contact with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) improved success, proliferation, adhesion, and migration of DBMSCs [14]. Furthermore, preconditioning with H2O2 upregulated appearance of genes in charge of improving mobile functionalities and downregulated appearance of particular genes with opposing results on their useful final result [14]. Oxidative tension due to stimuli, such as for example improved lipids, hypoxia, hyperoxia, and ischemia, upregulate the appearance of heme oxygenase (HMOX) [15]. HMOX is normally portrayed in two isoforms, HMOX2 and HMOX1. HMOX1 degrades heme into biliverdin, free of charge BIBR 953 small molecule kinase inhibitor iron, and carbon monoxide (CO) [16]. Biliverdin is normally decreased to bilirubin with anti-oxidant properties, whereas CO provides anti-apoptotic properties [17]. HMOX is normally involved in many biological procedures that regulate oxidative tension, apoptosis, and irritation [18]. HMOX1 protects cardiac stem cells from apoptosis. It really is mixed up in proliferation of breasts [19] and pancreatic cell lines [20]. Besides, HMOX1 is available overexpressed in prostate cancers, human brain tumors, and melanomas [21C24]. Right here, we survey the isolation and characterization of MSCs (stromal cells) from from the placenta from individual PE sufferers (PE-DBMSCs) using our previously released strategies [13]. Our purpose is to comprehend if placental mesenchymal stem cells/stromal cells could possibly be mixed up in starting point from the disorder, as well as the root system behind their dysfunction. PE-DBMSCs demonstrated decreased efficiency regarding proliferation, migration, adhesion, and clone development potential when compared with MSCs isolated in the decidua area of regular placentae (DBMSCs). Pre-conditioning with H2O2 restored the useful final result of PE-DBMSCs. Mass spectrometry analyses discovered HMOX1 among the main candidates lacking in PE-DBMSCs. It's been reported that scarcity of HMOX1 led to endothelial harm [25], repeated miscarriages [26], retardation of intrauterine development [27], and PE [28]. Inhibition of HMOX1 proteins resulted in a decrease in proliferation, migration, adhesion, and clone development procedures in DBMSCs when compared with the controls, demonstrating that HMOX1 could be responsible for the increased loss of functionality in PE-DBMSCs partially. The participation of HMOX1 in stem cells/stromal cells isolated from PE sufferers is not investigated yet. As a result, the purpose of this scholarly research is normally to complex over the system of the increased loss of efficiency from the PE-DBMSCs, and here we offer a possible proof demonstrating the function of HMOX1 and stem cells/stromal cells on the starting point of PE. Materials and methods Moral approval and assortment of individual placentae The Institutional Review Table (IRB) at King Abdullah International Medical Study Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, approved this study. Human being placentae from individuals with confirmed instances of PE (diagnosed with a moderate and severe level of disease status as per the international requirements) and with uncomplicated pregnancies.


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Lorenzo di Bicci
Lorenzo di Bicci (c. 1350 – 1427) was an Italian painter of the Florentine School considered to be one of the most important painters in Florence during the second half of the 14th century.[1] He is believed to have learned his trade from his father, about whom little is known. Lorenzo's style, as well as that of his contemporaries Jacopo di Cione and Niccolò di Pietro Gerini, was influenced by the artist Andrea di Cione.[1] Lorenzo's paintings made use of bright colors and his compositions avoided complexity. The figures he painted tended to have round faces and were often expressionless. Another one of Lorenzo's distinctive characteristics was his precision of execution. He was known for exceptional talent in drawing, an ability that he put to use at the initial stages of his painting. Unlike many celebrated Florentine artists of this period, Lorenzo mostly received commissions from the country clergy and from the lower-middle class Florentine guilds. His successors, Bicci di Lorenzo and Neri di Bicci, continued to serve these groups.[2]
'Madonna and Child with Angels', painting by Lorenzo di Bicci, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1405–1410
1 Early life and training
3 Later Work
3.1 Madonna and Child Paintings
3.2 Major Work
4 Influences
5 Death and legacy
6 Surviving Art Works
Early life and trainingEdit
Lorenzo di Bicci was born in Florence around 1350. He is thought to have been taught the art of painting by his father, who most likely went by the nickname Jacopo, although his full name is currently unknown. By 1370, Lorenzo had become a member of the Guild of Saint Luke, the painters' guild of Florence.[3] The guild was named in honor of Luke the Evangelist, the patron saint of artists, whom John of Damascus had recognized as having painted the Virgin Mary's portrait. The Guild of Saint Luke brought together artists from a range of disciplines in Renaissance Florence. Lorenzo's earliest work suggests the influence of a master whose identity is unknown but who was believed to be a member of the Guild of Saint Luke.[4]
Early careerEdit
Lorenzo's first public work was a panel depicting St. Martin Enthroned, painted for the Arte dei Vinattieri, the wine-merchants' guild of Florence.[5] The painting was mounted in the Florentine church of Orsanmichele on a pilaster assigned to the guild on October 4, 1380, and is now in the Depositi Galleria d'Arte in Florence. The predella depicts the episode of St. Martin dividing his cloak with the beggar. It was about this time that Lorenzo began working with the painters Agnolo Gaddi, Corso di Jacopo, and Jacopo di Luca, and the goldsmiths Piero del Miglior and Niccolo del Lucia. As a group they were commissioned to value the statues of Faith and Hope by Giacomo di Pero created for the spandrels of the Loggia della Signoria in Florence. Lorenzo was commissioned to apply the blue enamelled ground and to gild the statues, work that provided him a steady income.[5]
A more significant project arrived In 1387 when Lorenzo was employed to decorate the cathedral of Florence.[6] This was a major project already underway at the time. Together with Spinello Aretino and Agnolo Gaddi, Lorenzo produced preliminary drawings for the statues of the four Apostles which would be executed in marble for the façade of the church. Once the series of statues was completed, he was then commissioned, again with Aretino and Gaddi, to paint and gild them. In his biography of the artist, Giorgio Vasari notes that Lorenzo learned much of his craft from Spinello, probably during this time.[4]
Although Giorgio Vasari's biography of Lorenzo is replete with misattributions, it does suggest that Lorenzo, during this period, produced frescoes both in and out of the city of Florence.[4] Vasari suggests that Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici commissioned Lorenzo to paint the hall of the old house of the Medici family. Among other works that Vasari mentions are a shrine on the bridge of Scandicci and a fresco of saints together with a Madonna at Cerbaia. According to Vasari, Lorenzo was then commissioned by the family of the Medici to paint a chapel in San Marco in Florence, a fresco in which he illustrated many stories of the Madonna and depicted the Virgin herself surrounded by many saints.[4]
Later WorkEdit
In 1394 Lorenzo returned to the Loggia della Signoria where he painted and gilded the statue of Charity by Jacopo di Piero Guidi.[5] In 1395, he was commissioned to value a statue of St. Victor by Piero di Giovanni Tedesco for the facade of the Florence cathedral. Three years later, in Florence, Lorenzo created three polylobed panels for the altar of the Madonna delle Grazie in the cathedral's nave. The panels displayed half-length images of St John the Evangelist, St. Matthew, and St. Mark. Another artist, Pesello, was responsible for the image of the Agnus Dei, which centered the canopy's vault, while Lorenzo's most significant contribution was a curtain that accompanied the image of the Virgin. This canopy has since been dismantled and Lorenzo's panels depicting the Evangelists are now housed in the Sagrestia dei Canonici in the cathedral. The Compagni della Croce di Santo Stefano in Empoli commissioned Lorenzo, in 1399, to produce a triptych.[5]
'Crucifixion' painting by Lorenzo di Bicci, Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea, c. 1399
Lorenzo is believed to have painted two crucifixions during the years 1399 and 1400 respectively. The first is housed in the Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea in Empoli and utilizes a simple, two-dimensional design.[7] The panel represents the Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St. John the Evangelist and St. Francis of Assisi at the foot of the cross. It is believed to have constituted the top half of a larger panel. The second crucifixion depicts Christ on the cross surrounded by angels collecting his spilt blood. The letters INRI labeling "Jesus of Nazareth The King of the Jews" are displayed on the red headpiece above the cross. The Christ and angels depicted in the later crucifixion are compositionally very similar to the first.[7]
'Imago Pietatis', painting by Lorenzo di Bicci, Czartoryski Museum in Kraków, first quarter of 15th century
Historians believe that Lorenzo painted a work of St. Francis and St. Anthony Abbot around the year 1400.[8] The painting is thought to have occupied the left side of a multi-paneled altarpiece. The remaining panels are either lost or unidentified. The figures illustrated are the saints Francis of Assisi, who founded the Franciscan order in the early thirteenth century, and Anthony the Great, a Christian monk known as the Father of All Monks. The stigmata of St Francis are pin-pointed with tiny gold rays.
Information concerning the next decade of Lorenzo's life and work is scanty.[9] From 1410 there is a record of him having been paid fourteen florins for a figure of St. Nicholas for the lunette of the portal of the Ospedale di San Matteo, Florence. This work is now at the Accademia di Belle Arti. Some historians believe Lorenzo oversaw the construction of the Palazzo Capponi alle Rovinate, a late-Gothic style palace located on Via de' Bardi in Florence, Italy. This work appears to have been commissioned by Niccolò da Uzzano, an Italian politician in the government of Florence. Lorenzo was often commissioned by Uzzano, and these commissions included frescoes and a painting for the Church of Saint Lucia dè Magnoli.[4]
Giorgio Vasari's biography of Lorenzo indicates that in 1418, Lorenzo painted a large fresco of St. Thomas examining a wound in the side of Christ.[4] This fresco additionally included the other Apostles who were shown as surrounding Christ. Adjacent to this scene Lorenzo created a fresco of St. Christopher, and Vasari suggests that up until this point, no artist had successfully depicted a figure on such a large scale with accurate proportions. Other historians have attributed these works to Bicci di Lorenzo, Lorenzo's son. In any case, both works, impressive in scale, have managed to retain their color and definition for hundreds of years.[4]
'Madonna and Child' painting by Lorenzo Di Bicci, Walters Art Museum, c. 1400
Madonna and Child PaintingsEdit
Lorenzo is reported to have completed many Madonna and child paintings, however little is known about the composition dates of these paintings. Between 1375 and 1380, Lorenzo is known to have painted a Madonna of Humility with Two Angels, which is extant and held privately. Until 1936, this panel was attributed to Jacopo di Cione.[10] A very similar work known to have been completed by Lorenzo between 1405 and 1410 titled Madonna and Child with Angels is conserved in the Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, lending further support to the current attribution of the Madonna of Humility. In style, Lorenzo's is part of an established tradition. The best known is the Madonna dell'Umilita, painted by Guariento di Arpo, which Lorenzo's painting closely resembles.[11] In both paintings, the Madonna is posed on a cushion, seated in a demure fashion suggestive of humility. The blue of her apparel is in the tradition of the Madonna and, in the case of Lorenzo's painting, the clothing is notable for its simplicity, with the absence of any elaborate drapery that is sometimes depicted. Again, this style is suggestive of the humble nature of the seated figure.[11]
Some years later Lorenzo painted a Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist, Catherine of Alexandria, Anthony Abbot, and St. Nicholas at the Virgin's feet.[12] The work is executed in tempera and gold on a wood panel and its size is that of a typical anconetta, or small altarpiece. During the time of Lorenzo, this image would likely have been framed in a Gothic-style tabernacle as it would have served for private, rather than public, enjoyment.[12] Neri di Bicci, Lorenzo's grandson painted a similar work. Neri's Virgin and Child Enthroned with Two Angels and St. Ansanus, John the Baptist, St. Nicholas, St. Sebastian, Catherine of Alexandria, and Bartholomew currently resides at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. It is believed that Neri drew inspiration from his grandfather Lorenzo.
A number of other Madonnas are attributed to Lorenzo, one of which is located at the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore. The locations of the remaining paintings are unknown.[10]
Major WorkEdit
Perhaps Lorenzo's best-known work is a devotional triptych painted in 1399 that now hangs in the Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea in Empoli.[13] The Madonna is present in all three panels, although only in the center panel is she the dominant presence. The left wing depicts the Nativity and shows the Madonna kneeling in an attitude of prayer. A seated saint is in the foreground and the panel's upper section, which comes to a point, depicts a seated angel. The right panel displays the crucifixion and the Madonna is one of three figures beneath the crucifix. As in the left panel, she is clearly recognizable because of the consistency in the color of her garments and the simplicity of her figure. The pinnacle of the right panel showcases a seated female figure praying. In both side panels, Madonna's figure is on the same scale as the other figures, whereas in the center panel, she is not.[13] The central figure is nearly identical to the Madonna of Humility with Two Angels, further suggesting that the earlier Madonna was indeed the work of Lorenzo. The Madonna in the center panel sits on a Gothic throne, adorned with a red and gold cloth. A Christ Child sits on her lap and grips her finger. Surrounding them are a group of six Saints, including both John the Evangelist and John the Baptist. Lorenzo's artistic style is seen in the clean and simple compositional structure, the use of bright color, and the expressionless character of the figures' faces.[14]
InfluencesEdit
Lorenzo's style was influenced by Andrea di Cione di Arcangelo, who was an Italian painter, sculptor, and architect in Florence.[15] Lorenzo served as one of his pupils and worked alongside Jacopo di Cione, Andrea's younger brother and an Italian Gothic period painter active in Florence.
Death and legacyEdit
It is now clear that many of the works that Vasari attributed to Lorenzo di Bicci were in fact produced by his son, Bicci di Lorenzo. Similarly, Joseph Archer Crowe and Giovanni Battista Cavalcasele, two highly respected Italian art critics, attributed several frescoes to Lorenzo, including those in the Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, and those in San Francesco, Arezzo, that are now thought to be painted by Bicci di Lorenzo.[9] Some confusion between the works of father and son is understandable, considering that Lorenzo personally trained his son in his workshop, one of the largest and most active studios in Florence at that time. Bicci di Lorenzo went on to become an influential painter and sculptor, much like his father, while Lorenzo's grandson, Neri di Bicci, inherited the workshop following the death of Lorenzo di Bicci and Bicci di Lorenzo.
Lorenzo is believed to have died in 1427, although the exact date of death is unknown.[5] Lorenzo's workshop continued to flourish for over a century. Even now, art historians believe that many of his most significant works have yet to be identified.
Surviving Art WorksEdit
Madonna of Humility with Two Angels (c. 1375-1380), Private Collection
St. Martin Enthroned (c. 1380), Depositi Galleria Arte, Florence
St. Julian and St. Zanobius (c. 1380-1400), Academia Gallery, Venice
St. Mark (c. 1398), Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence
The Crucifixion (c. 1399), Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea, Empoli
Triptych (c. 1399), Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea, Empoli
Madonna and Child (c. 1400), Walters Art Museum, Baltimore
Crucifixion (c. 1400), Allentown Art Museum, Pennsylvania
St. Francis and St. Anthony Abbot (c. 1400), Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, Bristol
Madonna and Child with Angels (c. 1405-1410), Fine Arts Museum, San Francisco
St. Nicholas (c. 1410), Accademia di Belle Arti, Florence
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lorenzo di Bicci.
^ a b "BICCI, Lorenzo di". Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Oxford University Press. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
^ "Lorenzo di Bicci". Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
^ Lane, Jim (October 13, 1995). "The Painter's Guild". Humanities Web. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
^ a b c d e f g Vasari, Giorgio (1987). Lives of the Artists. London: Penguin.
^ a b c d e Stirton, Paul. "Bicci di Lorenzo." The Oxford Companion to Western Art. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, accessed February 20, 2017, http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/opr/t118/e276.
^ Paul, Sirton. "Bocci di Lorenzo". The Oxford Companion to Western Art. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
^ a b Robinson, Kristin (1990). "Study of a Painted Crucifixion by Lorenzo di Bicci" (PDF). Nyu.edu. Kress Paintings Research. The Conservation Center, Institute of Fine Arts. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
^ "Core Record NIRP - VADS: the online resource for visual arts". vads.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
^ a b Bruno Santi. "Lorenzo di Bicci." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. <http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T051954>.
^ a b Philadelphia Museum of Art. Paintings from Europe and the Americas in the Philadelphia Museum of Art: A Concise Catalogue. Philadelphia, 1994, repro. p. 220
^ a b Burton B. Fredericksen and Federico Zeri. Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. Cambridge, 1972, p. 148
^ a b Philadelphia Museum of Art. Paintings from Europe and the Americas in the Philadelphia Museum of Art: A Concise Catalogue. Philadelphia, 1994, repro p. 220
^ a b R. Fremantle, Florentine Gothic Painters, London 1975, p. 411, reproduced fig. 837.
^ Itinerari del Museo, della Collegiata e della Chiesa di Santo Stefano. Proto Pisani R. C., Firenze, Editori: Becocci/Scala, 1994.
^ M. Boskovits, Pittura Fiorentina alla vigilia del Rinascimento: 1370-1400, Florence 1975, pp. 55 and 108.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_di_Bicci&oldid=1045161450"

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Tune in to Hear What the APWU is Doing to Fight the Sale of the Post Office
Richmond, VA Our fight to stop postal privatization will continue well after the election! We must continue to advocate for a public Postal Service and keep it from being sold off to the highest bidder. On Nov. 14, at 11 a.m. EST and 7 p.m. EST the...
Eastern Region APWU Members Meet with NJ-3 Congressional Candidate
On Sunday, October 7, the day before the National Day of Action, Eastern Region APWU members met with Andy Kim, Democratic Party candidate for the NJ-3rd Congressional District, and presented him with a COPA contribution.
Saving the Postal Employees' Relief Fund
(This article first appeared in the September/October 2018 issue of the American Postal Worker magazine) By Human Relations Director Sue Carney Your donations are needed to sustain the Postal Employees' Relief Fund (PERF). PERF is a nonprofit...
Resolutions Opposing Privatization of the Postal Service Introduced in Congress
On July 16, a leading group of Congressional representatives took action to help combat a proposal to privatize the Postal Service by introducing House Resolution 993. The privatization proposal, put forward by the White House's Office of...
Major Victory For Expanded Postal Services
On Wednesday, July 18, the APWU and our allies won a big victory by defeating an attempt to prohibit the Postal Service from expanding financial services. In a vote on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives, an amendment to a government...


CELTIC appeared to put a bullet in Aberdeen's title hopes with a terrific victory in front of the Sky cameras.
Craig Fowler looks at what we've learned from an action packed 90 minutes at Parkhead.
Everyone has been at odds to explain how a team, who'd won eight straight league games, could then go five matches without a win, including four defeats. One suggestion was that the challengers lacked a leader on the park to pull them through difficult times, and that theory was lent credence by the showing at Celtic Park.
Aberdeen matched Celtic for the opening 40 minutes, but when they needed to weather five minutes of pressure from the home side just before half-time they couldn't do it. Then Ash Taylor made a baffling error which lost all hope of a galvanising victory. From there, Celtic could, and probably should, have scored more.
When confidence was high, Aberdeen looked invincible. Now that the chips are down every game seems a struggle.
Celtic will be thankful for his continued omission from the Scotland starting XI since Griffiths appears to be a man on a mission, out to prove Strachan wrong for preferring Steven Fletcher and Chris Martin ahead of him.
His opener was top class and highlighted his predatory movement around the penalty area as he snuck into the perfect spot in between Ash Taylor and Paul Quinn, before showing off his uncanny aerial ability for such a diminutive forward, leaping out of his socks to power a header right into the corner.
Emilio Izaguirre's return to the starting XI against Hearts appeared to indicate Tierney's appearance against Dundee United was nothing more than a form of encouragement to the young player. Instead, it seems the 18-year-old was merely rested for the trip to Gorgie as Deila showed no hesitation throwing him back into the line-up against the closest challengers.
Tierney responded with another terrific performance, getting up and down the left wing and putting in an inch-perfect cross for Griffiths to head the hosts in front.
Expect him to start against Molde on Thursday, particularly since his manager decided to withdraw him with 10 minutes remaining. A move that allowed for a standing ovation from the home support.
Having been prematurely pushed back into the starting XI in midweek due to Scott Brown's knee injury, Deila was asking a lot of his flying winger to play two high-intensity games on only two days rest having only just returned from his own spell on the sidelines.
Any fears were quickly vanquished, however, as Forrest tortured Shay Logan in the opening 25 minutes. He would go quiet for a spell before turning it on again, scoring an excellent goal with a mixture of skill and composure.
This is Forrest's most consistent season to date as he's turned into one of Celtic's star performers. If he stays fit – a big if, mind – then he'll be in the conversation for player of the year at the conclusion of this campaign.
Aberdeen would have lost by more had it not been for their excellent custodian. In the Dons' recent slump he has been the shining light, pulling off four terrific saves at the end of the draw with Motherwell last weekend, before making another couple of stunning stops from Griffiths to keep the scoreline respectable at Parkhead. Craig Gordon is the better keeper overall, but Ward has been number one so far this season.


The Middle Tennessee defense showed up in a big way, with two forced turnovers and four forced fumbles (Devin P. Grimes/MTSU Sidelines).
The MTSU Blue Raiders (3-3, 1-1) achieved their first conference victory of the season against the Florida International Panthers (3-2, 2-1) by a score of 37-17 on Saturday.
The Blue Raiders welcomed the return of Mike Minter, Walter Brady, Shane Tucker, Isaiah Upton and Terelle West, who added depth to a team that sorely needed it.
Middle Tennessee didn't waste any time putting points on the board as Cannon Rooker connected on a 37-yard field goal to give the Blue Raiders a 3-0 lead after their first drive.
Florida International responded on the ensuing drive with a 29-yard Jose Borregales field goal to tie the game at three.
On a drive near the end of the first quarter, MTSU converted on a fourth and three from the FIU 43-yard line to set up a 19-yard touchdown pass from John Urzua to Brad Anderson to make it a 10-3 ballgame.
After a Khalil Brooks sack on third down forced an FIU punt, MTSU marched down the field and tacked on another seven points.
Linebacker Tavares Thomas came into the ballgame at quarterback to run the wildcat formation and punched it in on a gutsy one-yard carry to give Middle Tennessee a halftime lead of 17-3.
Thomas found paydirt again on the Blue Raiders' first drive out of the locker room, this time from three yards out to give Middle Tennessee a 24-3 lead.
After completing a 46-yard pass to receiver Thomas Owens, FIU quarterback Alex McGough cut into the MTSU lead with a 13-yard touchdown run to make the score 24-10.
With 15 seconds remaining in the third quarter, Rooker's second field goal of the game pushed the Blue Raider lead to 27-10.
McGough continued to hook up with Owens, as the receiver's 10th catch of the day was a four-yard touchdown that cut the MTSU lead to 27-17 with 11:34 left in the game.
After being set up by a couple Anderson carries, Thomas scored his third touchdown of the game to make it 34-17 in favor of Middle Tennessee.
The defense iced the game late, as defensive tackle Jordan Ferguson's interception led to Rooker's third field goal of the game to give MTSU a 37-17 advantage.
The Blue Raider defense had nine tackles for loss, four forced fumbles and four sacks on the day.
John Urzua's efficiency proved big as he completed 80 percent of his passes in the MTSU victory.
At the end of the first quarter, Urzua was 13-14 for 102 yards. On the first play of the second quarter, Urzua found Anderson on a 19-yard wheel route to give MTSU a 10-3 lead.
At halftime, Urzua led the Raiders into the locker room with a 14-point lead. He was 16-19 for 134 yards with one touchdown.
At the end of the ballgame, Urzua hooked up with Anderson, Ty Lee and Shane Tucker at least four times each on his way to an even 250-yard, one-touchdown performance.
Urzua also completed his first career start without throwing an interception, and FIU failed to sack him.
Anderson continued to provide the Blue Raiders with production out of the backfield.
Aside from his 19-yard touchdown reception, Anderson added another five catches for an additional 28 yards.
Anderson also ran for 112 yards on 11 carries, including a 37-yard scamper in the third quarter that set up MTSU's third touchdown.
The Alabama native added a 23-yard carry in the fourth quarter that set up Thomas' third touchdown run of the day.
The 100-yard performance was the second of Anderson's young career.
Khalil Brooks had three tackles for loss in the first half, including a big sack on third down that pushed the Panthers back eight yards to their own 20-yard line.
Late in the second quarter, Brooks ended another FIU drive when he came up with a sack to force another FIU punt.
Brooks' five total tackles for loss tied J.K. Sabb's school record set in 2005.
In the fourth quarter, Brooks' strip sack of McGough gave him his fifth tackle for loss on the day.
The Raiders will travel to Birmingham next week to take on the UAB Blazers (2-2, 1-1). Kick-off is at 5:30 p.m.


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Massive year for sport boosting international visitor numbers
By René de Monchy | 07 Feb 2017
This year kicks off a huge year for New Zealand hosting world class sporting events that will attract tens of thousands of international visitors to New Zealand.
There are major events being held just about every month. These are just some of the 2017 sporting highlights that will draw big crowds from overseas:
The World Masters Games – regarded as the largest event New Zealand will host in at least the next decade – 25,000 participants plus supporters from around the world, with most of the international visitors from Australia.
The DHL New Zealand Lions Series – a highlight on rugby's global calendar, held only once every 12 years – 20,000 fans expected, mostly from the UK.
Three world class golf tournaments including the first LPGA tour event hosted in New Zealand. Biggest golf fans are from Australia, USA, China, and Japan.
The Audi Quattro Winter Games NZ - one of the top five winter sports events in the world set in Queenstown with a backdrop of the spectacular Southern Alps.
The Rugby League World Cup - co-hosted by New Zealand, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Games in Auckland, Christchurch, Hamilton and Wellington.
Crankworx- Attracting some of the world's top mountain bikers for five days of competition and concerts.
Air NZ's increasingly popular Queenstown and Hawke's Bay international marathons.
Sport is a big part of New Zealand life. New Zealanders play it, watch it and support it. We have a proud history of hosting major sporting events and part of that is ensuring that competitors, their fans, family and supporters have a great experience in New Zealand.
We want the sports visitors to leave New Zealand having experienced great kiwi hospitality, taking home some great memories, sharing those memories with friends and families and, ideally, wanting to come back to see more.
At Tourism New Zealand we are putting all our efforts into attracting people to visit outside of the peak season and for visitors to visit more regions while they are here. These sporting events are spread throughout the year which means we can show New Zealand as a destination for all seasons.
The events are also being held right across the country, providing more opportunities to get visitors to see more of New Zealand.
The major sporting events will attract visitors from a variety of our key markets. The World Masters Games will be most popular with Australians while the vast majority of visitors for the Lions tour will be coming from the UK.
Tourism New Zealand is also working with other agencies to help make sure that the visitors have a safe as well as memorable experience here. We will continue to provide information for international visiting drivers to ensure they know about the differences of driving in New Zealand and provide them with information about what they need to know.
Accommodation will be at a premium in some cases but New Zealand is experienced in supporting the demands of major international events. The advice from the experts is to book early, call on family and friends for accommodation and check out all the forms of accommodation available.
For a sports mad country like New Zealand, it's going to be a great year. Let's make sure our visitors have an excellent experience, whatever the sports results.
This article first appeared in Inside Tourism
Keep up to date with news about tourism by signing up for our fortnightly e-newsletter.
René de Monchy
Director of Trade, PR & Major Events
Haka record goes international - and overseas media get a great taste of NZ
Lions fans arrive to a feast of rugby and more
Lions - one year to go


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Workplace health and safety benefits.
Enhanced ability to think and concentrate.
Increased blood flow to working muscles and joints.
Decreased blood pressure and pulse rate.
Techniques that are most effective include remedial massage, trigger point therapy and / or Swedish massage. The massage could last from 10 to 20 mins, with the employee fully clothed, sitting either at their desk using a head piece to support their upper body or on a free standing massage chair where they can sit forward and are supported in comfort.


text:
Belgium
 Congo Free State
 Théophile Wahis, Governor-General of the Congo Free State (1892–1908)
 Émile Wangermée, acting Governor-General of the Congo Free State (1896–1900)

France
 French Somaliland – Léonce Lagarde, Governor of French Somaliland (1888–1899)
 Guinea – Noël-Eugène Ballay, Lieutenant-Governor of Guinea (1896–1898)

Japan
 Taiwan – Nogi Maresuke, Governor-General of Taiwan (14 October 1896 – January 1898)

Portugal
 Angola –
 Gilherme Auguste de Brito Capelo, Governor-General of Angola (1896–1897)
 António Duarte Ramada Curto, Governor-General of Angola (1897–1900)

United Kingdom
 Malta Colony – Arthur Fremantle, Governor of Malta (1893–1899)
 Colony of Natal – Sir Walter Hely-Hutchinson (1893–1901)
 Royal Niger Company – Sir George Taubman Goldie, Governor of the Royal Niger Company (1895–1900)
 New South Wales – Viscount Hampden, Governor of New South Wales (1895–1899)
 North-Eastern Rhodesia
 Patrick William Forbes, Administrator of North-Eastern Rhodesia (1895–1897)
 Henry Lawrence Daly, acting Administrator of North-Eastern Rhodesia (1897–1898)
*#Territory was not a UK protectorate at the time.
 North-Western Rhodesia
 British South Africa Company establishes colony of North-Western Rhodesia, 9 April
 Robert Thorne Coryndon, Administrator of North-Western Rhodesia (1897–1899)
*#Territory was not a UK protectorate at the time.
 Queensland – Charles Cochrane-Baillie, Governor of Queensland (1896 – 31 December 1900 then State Governor on Australia's Federation to 1901)
 Tasmania – Jenico Preston, Lord Gormanston, Governor of Tasmania (1893–1900)
 South Australia – Sir Thomas Buxton, Governor of South Australia (1895–1899)
 Victoria – Thomas, Earl Brassey, Governor of Victoria (1895–1900)
 Western Australia – Lieutenant-Colonel Gerard Smith, Governor of Western Australia (1895–1900)

Colonial governors
Colonial governors
1897

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text:
Q: Protractor custom locator fails to locate the element I have added a custom data attribute to the elements i need to identify and interact using protractor. The attribute is data-test-id. I created a custom locator in the onPrepare callback in conf.js to detect the element. It is below:
onPrepare: function () {
    by.addLocator('testId', function(value, parentElement) {
      parentElement = parentElement || document;
      var nodes = parentElement.querySelectorAll('[data-test-id]');
      return Array.prototype.filter.call(nodes, function(node) {
        return (node.getAttribute('[data-test-id]') === value);
      });
    });
  }

My angular app has a h1 with the text Home inside it. I added the data-test-id attribute to it:

Home

Here is my Protractor test:
test.js:
describe('Navigate to the website.', function() {
    it('Should have the Heading as Home', function() {
        browser.get('http://localhost:8888/#/');
        browser.waitForAngular();

        var textValue = 'Home';
        var heading = element(by.testId('test-element'));

        expect(heading.getText()).toEqual(textValue);
    });
});

conf.js:
exports.config = {
  //directConnect: true,
  seleniumAddress: 'http://localhost:4444/wd/hub',
  // Capabilities to be passed to the webdriver instance.
  capabilities: {
    'browserName': 'chrome'
  },

  // Spec patterns are relative to the current working directly when
  // protractor is called.
  specs: ['test.js'],

  // Options to be passed to Jasmine-node.
  jasmineNodeOpts: {
    showColors: true,
    defaultTimeoutInterval: 30000
  },

  onPrepare: function () {
    by.addLocator('testId', function(value, parentElement) {
      parentElement = parentElement || document;
      var nodes = parentElement.querySelectorAll('[data-test-id]');
      return Array.prototype.filter.call(nodes, function(node) {
        return (node.getAttribute('[data-test-id]') === value);
      });
    });
  }
};

When I run the sample test, I get the following error:

1) Navigate to the website. Should have the Heading as Home
  Message:
       NoSuchElementError: No element found using locator: by.testId("test-element")

What am I doing wrong? How can I fix this issue and get this to work?

A: When you are getting the attribute, you should ask for data-test-id instead of [data-test-id]. Looks like a copy-paste error.
Replace:
return (node.getAttribute('[data-test-id]') === value);

with:
return (node.getAttribute('data-test-id') === value);

A: I also faced the same issue and below solution solved my problem :
by.addLocator('lid', function(value, parentElement) {
        var nodes;

        if(parentElement)
            nodes =  parentElement.querySelectorAll();
        else
            nodes = document.querySelectorAll('body *');

        return Array.prototype.filter.call(nodes, function(node) {
            if( node.hasAttribute("lid") && node.getAttribute('lid') === value)
                return node;
        });
    });

querySelectorAll() needs to give the input as 'tag', if no parentElement is sent then it queries all the tags under 'body' tag otherwise all elements from the parentElement. After that loop through all the elements and check whether attribute 'lid' exists or not. If exists verify the value, if the value is desired value then it returns that element.

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text:
Home›Latest›Lorde, H.E.R. and Lewis Capaldi Use DPA Microphones on Tour
Lorde, H.E.R. and Lewis Capaldi Use DPA Microphones on Tour
Summer tours are back in full swing, and artists are looking to make a statement with accurate, reliable audio. From Lorde and Bon Iver, to Tindersticks, H.E.R. and Lewis Capaldi, DPA Microphones has long been trusted to provide the consistent, professional results that artists and engineers expect when performing live, and the clear, reliable audio fans look forward to hearing.
Phillip J. Harvey, FOH mixing engineer for pop artist Lorde, is currently traveling through Europe in support of the artist's Solar Power Tour. A longtime fan of DPA, Harvey started Lorde on a d:facto™ 4018VL Vocal Microphone in 2017. Since then, he has put DPA mics on nearly the entire drum kit, with 4099 CORE Extreme SPL on snare bottom, hi-hats, toms and under heads, and a 2011 Twin Diaphragm Cardioid on snare top. The 4099 loud SPL version is also featured on conga and quinto, and the 4488 CORE Headset Microphones can be found on backing vocals. "The flat response of the d:facto is a huge asset and the bleed is very palatable―unlike any other vocal mic I've experienced," he says. "That realistic response provides the foundation for coloring sounds in the mix any way I want, and it's amazing! All five backing vocalists use the 4488s with wireless belt-packs, which is imperative because the band members change stage positions for each song during the set. It was a challenge incorporating headset mics into a pop show, but the 4488s proved to be the best choice for clarity, fidelity and comfort, and were very easy to work with. Lorde herself also loves the d:facto and has told me: 'this mic is so natural and real, there is no hiding from it.' "
Pop singer-songwriter Lewis Capaldi is also heading out on tour with DPA, thanks to FOH Engineer Andy Bush. To ensure crystal clear vocals, Bush chose the DPA 2028 Vocal Condenser Microphone. He also miked the entire drum kit with DPA, opting for a variety of 2011C Twin Diaphragm Cardioids, 4018C Supercardioid, 4011E Cardioid and 4099 Extreme SPL Instrument Microphones. Of the 2028, Bush says it "just makes Lewis' voice sound very natural; there's no artificial presence peaks and very little proximity effect, so I feel that my end result is far superior. Additionally, the stereo pair of 4011s on the overheads has really opened up the sound of the kit. It gives it that extra bit of clarity and precision that we didn't have before. There's very little EQ on all the close mics, just deploying the high-pass filters to get rid of unwanted room sounds. Because the mics are so flat and articulate, I don't need to process channels as much or cut as much EQ, and I feel that they offer a more accurate representation of what's actually happening on stage." Bush and the DPAs will be supporting Capaldi throughout his European tour this summer.
For its European tour, alternative rock band Tindersticks' FOH Engineer Graham Pattison is also utilizing DPA microphones. With many of the stops this summer featuring an orchestra accompaniment, Pattison needed mics that would pick up every instrument without muddying the sound. To meet these requirements, he chose 4099 CORE Instrument Mics and 4015 Wide Cardioid Microphones from DPA Microphones. "We have 4099s and 4015s across our string section and I wouldn't have it any other way," he says. "The clarity and detail we get from the DPA mics is extraordinary."
American indie-folk band Bon Iver is heading out on a U.S. tour this summer, with long-time FOH Engineer Xandy Whitesel. For lead singer Justin Vernon, Whitesel regularly calls on the DPA d:facto 4018VL Vocal Microphone to create the clearest and truest sound of his unique vocals. After initially testing the mic during a rehearsal, Whitesel was immediately impressed with the increased clarity. "It never sounds muddy," he explains. "The upper-mids are smooth and the highs are un-hyped, which is something I always look for in a microphone. The d:facto is the most clear and natural sounding mic I have had the opportunity to use. Justin has a fantastic voice and we needed to present it as if he isn't using a microphone at all. I found that the DPA d:facto achieves this better than any other mic I've used in the past."
Production Manager/Monitor Engineer William "Chainey" Harpe and FOH Engineer Kevin Brown have also entrusted DPA to provide clear, uncolored sound for R&B singer H.E.R.,who is on aU.S. tour supporting Coldplay. For H.E.R.'s performances, the duo usually selects DPA's d:facto 4018VL Vocal Microphone to allow the singer's natural talent and vocals to shine through uninhibited. "The linear response of the d:facto capsule actually helps accentuate and pull out the mid-range Gabriella (H.E.R.) has in her voice," Brown explains. "For the DPA to capture that and give you this big, warm vocal through a PA in a huge arena says a lot about the capsule." The pair also typically use the DPA 4099 CORE Instrument mics for H.E.R.'s touring drum kit. "A lot of times when I'm mixing other mics on drums, I go back and forth moving and testing," adds Chainey. "The 4099 CORE mics sound so natural. I noticed that if we have them in a good position, we're pretty much set to go. There is never a lot of phasing or cross pattern between the drums; I really enjoy the sound we get."
As an audio veteran and FOH Engineer for rock group Florence + The Machine, Brad Madix will be out on tour in Europe with the band this summer. A longtime fan of DPA, Madix typically selects the brand's 4099 CORE Instrument Mics and 2011C Compact Twin Diaphragm Cardioid Mics to capture accurate audio from the band's percussion setup. "The integration of these two solutions from DPA provide such a clear, natural sound," he says. "The rigidity of the 4099s and their ability to be easily adjusted makes them the ideal solution for large tours and live performances." Madix also trusts the brand's 5100 Mobile Surround Microphone for live recordings. "The 5100 mobile surround mic is great for seamlessly picking up both ambiance and audience — it takes care of everything," he concludes.
For more information, visit dpamicrophones.com.
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Q: Visual Studio: Using ReportViewer with a user-generated database file (datasource) My program allows users to create local SQL Server database files (.mdf) to store huge amount of generated data. Now, I want to create reports which lets the user select a database that the program generated for them. This means that I can't attach a datasource to my application to create RDLC's. However, all the databases have the same schema coming from some "master" database I created for the program.
How can I create reports using ReportViewer with dynamically generated database files?
I'm thinking of just copying the data from the generated database to my "master" database using queries, generating a report, and truncating the master database after, so that I can create RDLC's using the master database. However, that seems inefficient and messy. Is there a better way to do this?
Thanks.

A: Create the datasource to point directly to your master database, then create a parameter in the report, and ask for it before running the "actual" report. This parameter could be a combo or checkbox which will have as values the data generated from a query where you get the database names.
Finally on your report use the parameter as variable and then select from the DB that you really need, like :
Select table from mydatabase.schema.table

A: This is what worked for me:
First, update the connection string from the "master" database's to point to the database you want to access like what dbamex suggested. For example, if you have this connection string from your app.config:
<add name="MyConnectionString" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDB)\MSSQLLocalDB;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\Resources\SSA.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30"

Then you can add something like this in your code that you can call when you want to access the user-generated database:
Dim config As Configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None)
config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings("MyConnectionString").ConnectionString = "Data Source=(LocalDB)\MSSQLLocalDB;AttachDbFilename=" & new_db_path & ";Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30"
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified)

So any dataset in your app that uses the connection string will be updated to point to the new one. Hope this helps.


(First visited on May 20th 2011. Last visited on 15th September 2012) You know a bathhouse can be designated 'luxury' when you visit on consecutive days, even when you are impeccably clean, and during your stay spend substantially more time in the pools and saunas than engaged in ablutive processes. It's my opinion, but currently, I consider Wonderful Spaland, Wol-Seong-Dong, as one of the best bathhouses in Daegu, and certainly what I would rank as a' luxury bathhouse' where one goes to relax, spend time with friends and do more than simply get clean. It's failing are few and trivial. First, it isn't a 24 hour establishment and second, it has no jjimjilbang. I can live with that! However, it does have several floors dedicated to golf, a large fitness center and besides being impeccably clean, is fairly new.
I often joke about how bathhouse 'event pools' are event-less. Personally, pretty coloured water, even with a few bubbles gurgled through it, doesn't constitute much of an event. And so often, the added aromas are scent-free. In Wonderful Spaland you can expect a surprise and on my last visit the scent of one pool lingered on my skin for a few days.
The Wonderful complex is slightly on the edge of the built up area of Wol-Seong-Dong and noticeable by the green golfing nets on its roof. A large foyer on the ground floor, next to a Paris Baguette, welcomes visitors. The changing area (male) is bright and very spacious with decent size lockers, barbers and shoe shine. This is probably one of the largest bathhouses I've been to and there are plenty of areas to enjoy. The event pool was a ruby-red brew of intense red ginseng opposite which was 'milky bubble bath' with beautifully silky soft water. The bath really does look like a vat of milk. Other pools included hot (열), warm (온) and a second event pool, which on various visits has included lavender and mugwort additives. The largest pool (안마) comprises about 25 massage facilities with 6 different types of massage. Next is the cold pool (냉), significantly colder than many other establishments and very bracing. In another corner is a partitioned area where slatted wooden panels provide privacy so that large sliding doors can be opened reducing the temperature to that of the outside. Though not strictly a no-ch'eon (노천), which is usually fully outside, this is what it is often called. Nearby is a salt sauna (소금 사우나), small sleeping area and a fantastically intense oak charcoal bath (짬나무 / 목초탕).
Alongside the pools are 4 large saunas: a three leveled yellow mud sleeping sauna (황토), a steam sauna (안개) and a pine sauna (핀란드). However, the most enjoyable was the Roman sauna (로만 사우나), a large circular room with a conical ceiling. The entire room, a large mosaic at the center of which is a boxed-in steam vent. The entire room and conical ceiling where either covered in mosaic or various 'jewels.' However, the crowning feature was the heady scent of cinnamon and what might possibly have been aniseed. The humid aroma, blasted intermittently out of the large steam chamber seemed to shift and shade between the two key notes with spells when they seemed to blend equally.
I have to say, I have a sensitive nose and there was something almost 'trippy' in the Wonderful Spa Land olfactory experience so much so that I feel disappointed by its absence in other bathhouses. If you're only going to visit one bathhouse during your stay in Daegu, this is at the top of my recommendations and while you body relaxes, you can guarantee your nose will be subject to a comprehensive and pleasurable workout.
Location – Daegu, Wol-Seong-Dong (Wikimapia link ) near Wolbae Subway. It is within easy walking distance of Wolbae subway and by taxi from Lotte Cinema in Song-so, it is 5000 Won. A taxi from Wolbae subway will be little more than 2500 Won. It is also on the route of the 655 bus (Daegu Metropolitan City Bus Guide). (The brochure above has a small map).
Facilities – car parking, screen golf, golf driving area, fitness training, first floor Paris Baguette, coffee shop, small restaurant.
Others – hairdressers, shoe shine, massage and rub downs, various seasonal discounts, numerous televisions. About a five minute walk from the 'meat fest' barbecued buffet restaurant, Gong-Ryong (공룡 – 'Dinosaur.).
Thank you so much for posting this! I was trying to find a place to go in Daegu and I just came back from wonderful spaland. and let me tell you, it is wonderful!!!!!
I was on the "womans" side and it is very similar to what you described in the mens side. It was easy to get to (driving) and will be going back. I loved the sented saunas. i really like the salt room as well. heck, I liked them all. Thanks again for posting! otherwise, I would not have been able to go to one without knowing what to expect!
Angela, I'm so glad you found it as exhilarating as I did. It is certainly the best bathhouse I have been to. Next you should maybe try Saeng Hwal – which I have to post about or Migwang or Goong Cheon Lavender. Keep me posted.
Just went today with two friends. It was badass! So far my favorite has been Lavender, but Wonderful Spa Land may have just taken first place.
Thanks for the blog, it's so helpful!
Glad you enjoyed it! Thanks for visiting.


Now that we've had a fun peek at some filming and behind the scenes pics of Billions Season 3 featuring our favorite working couple, let's revisit a post on how the relationship between Bobby Axelrod and Wendy Rhoades mirrors another relationship Damian has played: Paul and Lizzie from the BBC film Friends and Crocodiles.
Of all the compelling themes in Billions, perhaps the most compelling is the relationship between Bobby Axelrod and Wendy Rhoades. We've all explored it as some point whenever we've talked about Billions. Damianista did a two-part treatise on the relationship between Bobby and Wendy: Part I, Part II. Bookworm saw the story of Peter Pan in them: Fly Away, Fly Away. I focused on their revelatory therapy session in "Magical Thinking" and imagined their back story as a fanfic: Rubble. Suffice it to say, the relationship has provoked a lot of thought.


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Personen
 Harry Forrester, Engels profvoetballer
 Jay Forrester, Amerikaans wetenschapper
 Maureen Forrester, Canadees contra-alt
 Patrick Forrester, Amerikaans ruimtevaarder
 Stephanie Forrester, Schots triatlete en duatlete

Televisie en film
M.b.t. de serie The Bold and the Beautiful
 Forrester Creations, fictief modehuis
 Bridget Forrester, personage
 Caroline Spencer Forrester, personage
 Eric Forrester, personage
 Felicia Forrester, personage
 Kristen Forrester Dominguez, personage
 Phoebe Forrester, personage
 Rick Forrester, personage
 Ridge Forrester, personage
 Stephanie Douglas Forrester, personage
 Thomas Forrester, personage
 Thorne Forrester, personage

M.b.t. de serie Mystery Science Theater 3000
 Castle Forrester, fictief Kasteel
 Dr. Clayton Forrester, personage
 Pearl Forrester, personage

Andere
 Finding Forrester, Amerikaanse film uit 2000

Overige
 Forrester Research, Amerikaans marktonderzoeksbureau
 Forrester (Oklahoma), plaats in de Amerikaanse staat Oklahoma
 Forresters Point, plaats op het Canadese eiland Newfoundland


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Celebrating St Patrick
Sorry, this film is not available for viewing in your region
Unfortunately, due to copyright permissions we are unable to show this video in your area.
New York City, Tavern on the Green, The Bushmills Inn
Transmission 17/03/1989
1hr 17min 15sec
Digitised as part of the UTV Archive Partnership Project (ITV, Northern Ireland Screen and PRONI)
Department for Communities, ITV, Public Record Office of Northern Ireland
It is illegal to download, copy, print or otherwise utilise in any other form this material, without written consent from the copyright holder.
Live from Bushmills and New York City (NYC), Niall Toibin and Gerry Kelly host this four-part programme celebrating the joys of Irish folk music, in time for St Patricks day!
Found in the "most beautiful corner, of the most beautiful island on earth" is the "world's oldest distillery", the Bushmills Inn. It is here, that the night kicks off with fiddle player Sean Maguire playing a tune for the bar. Back to NYC and Pete Seeger explains the heritage of Irish folk music and how, without it, there "wouldn't be American cowboy songs".
A riveting performance from The Chieftains sets the tone for Richard Harris, who makes mention of the troubles of Ireland and the various charities he sponsors, in an effort to ease tensions. He finishes with a poem he wrote about the conflict on the island. Next, we meet Mary O'Donnell, a fashion designer who shows off her designs from the Irish film Love Spell (1979).
Part three and four introduce an assortment of famous faces from the Irish folk scene, including archive footage of the McPeake family in 1963. The programme concludes with Toibin reading a message from the Whitehouse, before the true celebration begin off camera for the one day each year that "everyone claims to be Irish!"
Shot List
[00:01:50. Introduction to programme; views of the countryside and waterfalls, sheep, deer, fishing boats, and New York City. Views of the New York Police Department (NYPD) and yellow taxi cabs. Scenes from rural Ireland and New York. [00:03:19] Part one. Welcome from presenter Niall Toibin [NT] from the Bushmills Inn, Co Antrim. Gerry Kelly [GK] presenting from the Tavern on the Green, New York. [00:04:33] Performance by fiddle player Sean Maguire. [00:07:37] Interview with Pete Seeger [PS]; discussion on folk music, Irish music, and traditions. PS performance of "All Mixed Up". [00:13:40] "Song For Ireland" by Ralph McTell [RMcT]. [00:17:50] ND tells jokes. [00:21:50] Part two. GK welcome back. Performance by The Chieftains. [00:25:04] Interview with Richard Harris [RH]. Discussion on Ireland and education in the country; discussion on the scholarship RH has set up to improve education. Discussion on cross-community initiatives. RH performance of a poetry reading "There Are Too Many Saviours On My Cross". Views of children and Celtic crosses. [00:36:02] Performance by Liam Clancy and "The Fairweather Band". [00:40:21] Interview with Shivaun O'Casey; discussion on hr father Sean O'Casey. [00:43:09] Interview with Mary O'Donnell [MOD], fashion designer. Views of some of MOD's fashion designs. [00:46:40] Performance by Tommy Sands and PS. [00:50:15] Part three. Performance by The Furey Brothers and Davey Arthur. [00:55:04] Interview with Peter Yarrow [PY] (from Peter, Paul and Mary). Performance of "Fair Ireland" by PY. [01:01:24] PY, Lucy Simon and PS performance. [01:06:45] Footage of a McPeake family performance from 1963. Performance by Francie McPeake and Francie McPeake Junior. [01:09:24] Performance by Bob Horan. [01:11:30] Part four. Performance by Phil Coulter, RMcT and Liam Clancy of "The Town I Love So Well". [01:17:50] ND reading a message from the White House. Presentation of a cake from George Bush. [01:20:02] Performance by PS.
An Ulster Television Production.
Hosted by Gerry Kelly and Niall Toibin
New York Director: Bruce Milliard
Bushmills Director: David Donaghy
Programme Associate: Tommy Sands
Executive Producers: Michael Beattie and Moore Sinnerton
Produced by David Donaghy
Other Contributors: Ralph McTell, Liam Clancy and "The Fairweather Band", Shivaun O'Casey, Tommy Sands, The Furey Brothers and Davey Arthur, Peter Yarrow, Lucy Simon, Francie McPeake and Francie McPeake Junior, and Bob Horan.
Ulster Television would like to thank:
The Tavern on the Green (New York City), The Bushmills Inn (County Antrim, Northern Ireland), Are Lingus, The Northern Ireland Tourist Board, The Old Bushmills Distillery, Bill McAndrew, Charles Comer, Maebeth Fenton,
NI Direct - PRONI
McPeake Family
A Toast to Saint Patrick
Festival 1988: Belfast Town
Making Replicas of St Patrick's Grave
Milestones or Millstones: Coming of St Patrick
Saint Patrick's Day Pilgrimage in Downpatrick
Shamrock Rose and Thistle: Episode 4
Star Treks: Daniel O'Donnell - Where The Heart Is
The Life and the Times of: The Pipes


Williams finally issues Q3 dividend amount.
The company hasn't answered the long-term questions surrounding the impact of the fee cuts.
The stock remains difficult to own until more questions are resolved.
As the market was closing for the week, Williams Cos. (NYSE:WMB) left shareholders in the dark regarding the upcoming dividend and the strategic alternatives resolution. In Williams: Negative Implications Of Chesapeake Deal, the research highlighted some of the issues with the fee cuts from the Chesapeake Energy (CK) deal. Long after the market closed on Friday, the company and market news sources provided some more information.
Fitbit: Were You Paying Attention?