text:
package io.netty.handler.codec.spdy;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_DATA_FLAG_FIN;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_DATA_FRAME;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_FLAG_FIN;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_FLAG_UNIDIRECTIONAL;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_GOAWAY_FRAME;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_HEADERS_FRAME;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_HEADER_FLAGS_OFFSET;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_HEADER_LENGTH_OFFSET;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_HEADER_SIZE;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_HEADER_TYPE_OFFSET;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_PING_FRAME;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_RST_STREAM_FRAME;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_SETTINGS_CLEAR;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_SETTINGS_FRAME;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_SETTINGS_PERSISTED;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_SETTINGS_PERSIST_VALUE;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_SYN_REPLY_FRAME;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_SYN_STREAM_FRAME;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.SPDY_WINDOW_UPDATE_FRAME;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.getSignedInt;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.getUnsignedInt;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.getUnsignedMedium;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.spdy.SpdyCodecUtil.getUnsignedShort;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;

/**
 * Decodes {@link ByteBuf}s into SPDY Frames.
 */
public class SpdyFrameDecoder {

    private final int spdyVersion;
    private final int maxChunkSize;

    private final SpdyFrameDecoderDelegate delegate;

    private State state;

    // SPDY common header fields
    private byte flags;
    private int length;
    private int streamId;

    private int numSettings;

    private enum State {
        READ_COMMON_HEADER,
        READ_DATA_FRAME,
        READ_SYN_STREAM_FRAME,
        READ_SYN_REPLY_FRAME,
        READ_RST_STREAM_FRAME,
        READ_SETTINGS_FRAME,
        READ_SETTING,
        READ_PING_FRAME,
        READ_GOAWAY_FRAME,
        READ_HEADERS_FRAME,
        READ_WINDOW_UPDATE_FRAME,
        READ_HEADER_BLOCK,
        DISCARD_FRAME,
        FRAME_ERROR
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance with the specified {@code version}
     * and the default {@code maxChunkSize (8192)}.
     */
    public SpdyFrameDecoder(SpdyVersion spdyVersion, SpdyFrameDecoderDelegate delegate) {
        this(spdyVersion, delegate, 8192);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance with the specified parameters.
     */
    public SpdyFrameDecoder(SpdyVersion spdyVersion, SpdyFrameDecoderDelegate delegate, int maxChunkSize) {
        if (spdyVersion == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("spdyVersion");
        }
        if (delegate == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("delegate");
        }
        if (maxChunkSize <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "maxChunkSize must be a positive integer: " + maxChunkSize);
        }
        this.spdyVersion = spdyVersion.getVersion();
        this.delegate = delegate;
        this.maxChunkSize = maxChunkSize;
        state = State.READ_COMMON_HEADER;
    }

    public void decode(ByteBuf buffer) {
        boolean last;
        int statusCode;

        while (true) {
            switch(state) {
                case READ_COMMON_HEADER:
                    if (buffer.readableBytes() < SPDY_HEADER_SIZE) {
                        return;
                    }

                    int frameOffset  = buffer.readerIndex();
                    int flagsOffset  = frameOffset + SPDY_HEADER_FLAGS_OFFSET;
                    int lengthOffset = frameOffset + SPDY_HEADER_LENGTH_OFFSET;
                    buffer.skipBytes(SPDY_HEADER_SIZE);

                    boolean control = (buffer.getByte(frameOffset) & 0x80) != 0;

                    int version;
                    int type;
                    if (control) {
                        // Decode control frame common header
                        version = getUnsignedShort(buffer, frameOffset) & 0x7FFF;
                        type = getUnsignedShort(buffer, frameOffset + SPDY_HEADER_TYPE_OFFSET);
                        streamId = 0; // Default to session Stream-ID
                    } else {
                        // Decode data frame common header
                        version = spdyVersion; // Default to expected version
                        type = SPDY_DATA_FRAME;
                        streamId = getUnsignedInt(buffer, frameOffset);
                    }

                    flags  = buffer.getByte(flagsOffset);
                    length = getUnsignedMedium(buffer, lengthOffset);

                    // Check version first then validity
                    if (version != spdyVersion) {
                        state = State.FRAME_ERROR;
                        delegate.readFrameError("Invalid SPDY Version");
                    } else if (!isValidFrameHeader(streamId, type, flags, length)) {
                        state = State.FRAME_ERROR;
                        delegate.readFrameError("Invalid Frame Error");
                    } else {
                        state = getNextState(type, length);
                    }
                    break;

                case READ_DATA_FRAME:
                    if (length == 0) {
                        state = State.READ_COMMON_HEADER;
                        delegate.readDataFrame(streamId, hasFlag(flags, SPDY_DATA_FLAG_FIN), Unpooled.buffer(0));
                        break;
                    }

                    // Generate data frames that do not exceed maxChunkSize
                    int dataLength = Math.min(maxChunkSize, length);

                    // Wait until entire frame is readable
                    if (buffer.readableBytes() < dataLength) {
                        return;
                    }

                    ByteBuf data = buffer.alloc().buffer(dataLength);
                    data.writeBytes(buffer, dataLength);
                    length -= dataLength;

                    if (length == 0) {
                        state = State.READ_COMMON_HEADER;
                    }

                    last = length == 0 && hasFlag(flags, SPDY_DATA_FLAG_FIN);

                    delegate.readDataFrame(streamId, last, data);
                    break;

                case READ_SYN_STREAM_FRAME:
                    if (buffer.readableBytes() < 10) {
                        return;
                    }

                    int offset = buffer.readerIndex();
                    streamId = getUnsignedInt(buffer, offset);
                    int associatedToStreamId = getUnsignedInt(buffer, offset + 4);
                    byte priority = (byte) (buffer.getByte(offset + 8) >> 5 & 0x07);
                    last = hasFlag(flags, SPDY_FLAG_FIN);
                    boolean unidirectional = hasFlag(flags, SPDY_FLAG_UNIDIRECTIONAL);
                    buffer.skipBytes(10);
                    length -= 10;

                    if (streamId == 0) {
                        state = State.FRAME_ERROR;
                        delegate.readFrameError("Invalid SYN_STREAM Frame");
                    } else {
                        state = State.READ_HEADER_BLOCK;
                        delegate.readSynStreamFrame(streamId, associatedToStreamId, priority, last, unidirectional);
                    }
                    break;

                case READ_SYN_REPLY_FRAME:
                    if (buffer.readableBytes() < 4) {
                        return;
                    }

                    streamId = getUnsignedInt(buffer, buffer.readerIndex());
                    last = hasFlag(flags, SPDY_FLAG_FIN);

                    buffer.skipBytes(4);
                    length -= 4;

                    if (streamId == 0) {
                        state = State.FRAME_ERROR;
                        delegate.readFrameError("Invalid SYN_REPLY Frame");
                    } else {
                        state = State.READ_HEADER_BLOCK;
                        delegate.readSynReplyFrame(streamId, last);
                    }
                    break;

                case READ_RST_STREAM_FRAME:
                    if (buffer.readableBytes() < 8) {
                        return;
                    }

                    streamId = getUnsignedInt(buffer, buffer.readerIndex());
                    statusCode = getSignedInt(buffer, buffer.readerIndex() + 4);
                    buffer.skipBytes(8);

                    if (streamId == 0 || statusCode == 0) {
                        state = State.FRAME_ERROR;
                        delegate.readFrameError("Invalid RST_STREAM Frame");
                    } else {
                        state = State.READ_COMMON_HEADER;
                        delegate.readRstStreamFrame(streamId, statusCode);
                    }
                    break;

                case READ_SETTINGS_FRAME:
                    if (buffer.readableBytes() < 4) {
                        return;
                    }

                    boolean clear = hasFlag(flags, SPDY_SETTINGS_CLEAR);

                    numSettings = getUnsignedInt(buffer, buffer.readerIndex());
                    buffer.skipBytes(4);
                    length -= 4;

                    // Validate frame length against number of entries. Each ID/Value entry is 8 bytes.
                    if ((length & 0x07) != 0 || length >> 3 != numSettings) {
                        state = State.FRAME_ERROR;
                        delegate.readFrameError("Invalid SETTINGS Frame");
                    } else {
                        state = State.READ_SETTING;
                        delegate.readSettingsFrame(clear);
                    }
                    break;

                case READ_SETTING:
                    if (numSettings == 0) {
                        state = State.READ_COMMON_HEADER;
                        delegate.readSettingsEnd();
                        break;
                    }

                    if (buffer.readableBytes() < 8) {
                        return;
                    }

                    byte settingsFlags = buffer.getByte(buffer.readerIndex());
                    int id = getUnsignedMedium(buffer, buffer.readerIndex() + 1);
                    int value = getSignedInt(buffer, buffer.readerIndex() + 4);
                    boolean persistValue = hasFlag(settingsFlags, SPDY_SETTINGS_PERSIST_VALUE);
                    boolean persisted = hasFlag(settingsFlags, SPDY_SETTINGS_PERSISTED);
                    buffer.skipBytes(8);

                    --numSettings;

                    delegate.readSetting(id, value, persistValue, persisted);
                    break;

                case READ_PING_FRAME:
                    if (buffer.readableBytes() < 4) {
                        return;
                    }

                    int pingId = getSignedInt(buffer, buffer.readerIndex());
                    buffer.skipBytes(4);

                    state = State.READ_COMMON_HEADER;
                    delegate.readPingFrame(pingId);
                    break;

                case READ_GOAWAY_FRAME:
                    if (buffer.readableBytes() < 8) {
                        return;
                    }

                    int lastGoodStreamId = getUnsignedInt(buffer, buffer.readerIndex());
                    statusCode = getSignedInt(buffer, buffer.readerIndex() + 4);
                    buffer.skipBytes(8);

                    state = State.READ_COMMON_HEADER;
                    delegate.readGoAwayFrame(lastGoodStreamId, statusCode);
                    break;

                case READ_HEADERS_FRAME:
                    if (buffer.readableBytes() < 4) {
                        return;
                    }

                    streamId = getUnsignedInt(buffer, buffer.readerIndex());
                    last = hasFlag(flags, SPDY_FLAG_FIN);

                    buffer.skipBytes(4);
                    length -= 4;

                    if (streamId == 0) {
                        state = State.FRAME_ERROR;
                        delegate.readFrameError("Invalid HEADERS Frame");
                    } else {
                        state = State.READ_HEADER_BLOCK;
                        delegate.readHeadersFrame(streamId, last);
                    }
                    break;

                case READ_WINDOW_UPDATE_FRAME:
                    if (buffer.readableBytes() < 8) {
                        return;
                    }

                    streamId = getUnsignedInt(buffer, buffer.readerIndex());
                    int deltaWindowSize = getUnsignedInt(buffer, buffer.readerIndex() + 4);
                    buffer.skipBytes(8);

                    if (deltaWindowSize == 0) {
                        state = State.FRAME_ERROR;
                        delegate.readFrameError("Invalid WINDOW_UPDATE Frame");
                    } else {
                        state = State.READ_COMMON_HEADER;
                        delegate.readWindowUpdateFrame(streamId, deltaWindowSize);
                    }
                    break;

                case READ_HEADER_BLOCK:
                    if (length == 0) {
                        state = State.READ_COMMON_HEADER;
                        delegate.readHeaderBlockEnd();
                        break;
                    }

                    if (!buffer.isReadable()) {
                        return;
                    }

                    int compressedBytes = Math.min(buffer.readableBytes(), length);
                    ByteBuf headerBlock = buffer.alloc().buffer(compressedBytes);
                    headerBlock.writeBytes(buffer, compressedBytes);
                    length -= compressedBytes;

                    delegate.readHeaderBlock(headerBlock);
                    break;

                case DISCARD_FRAME:
                    int numBytes = Math.min(buffer.readableBytes(), length);
                    buffer.skipBytes(numBytes);
                    length -= numBytes;
                    if (length == 0) {
                        state = State.READ_COMMON_HEADER;
                        break;
                    }
                    return;

                case FRAME_ERROR:
                    buffer.skipBytes(buffer.readableBytes());
                    return;

                default:
                    throw new Error("Shouldn't reach here.");
            }
        }
    }

    private static boolean hasFlag(byte flags, byte flag) {
        return (flags & flag) != 0;
    }

    private static State getNextState(int type, int length) {
        switch (type) {
            case SPDY_DATA_FRAME:
                return State.READ_DATA_FRAME;

            case SPDY_SYN_STREAM_FRAME:
                return State.READ_SYN_STREAM_FRAME;

            case SPDY_SYN_REPLY_FRAME:
                return State.READ_SYN_REPLY_FRAME;

            case SPDY_RST_STREAM_FRAME:
                return State.READ_RST_STREAM_FRAME;

            case SPDY_SETTINGS_FRAME:
                return State.READ_SETTINGS_FRAME;

            case SPDY_PING_FRAME:
                return State.READ_PING_FRAME;

            case SPDY_GOAWAY_FRAME:
                return State.READ_GOAWAY_FRAME;

            case SPDY_HEADERS_FRAME:
                return State.READ_HEADERS_FRAME;

            case SPDY_WINDOW_UPDATE_FRAME:
                return State.READ_WINDOW_UPDATE_FRAME;

            default:
                if (length != 0) {
                    return State.DISCARD_FRAME;
                } else {
                    return State.READ_COMMON_HEADER;
                }
        }
    }

    private static boolean isValidFrameHeader(int streamId, int type, byte flags, int length) {
        switch (type) {
            case SPDY_DATA_FRAME:
                return streamId != 0;

            case SPDY_SYN_STREAM_FRAME:
                return length >= 10;

            case SPDY_SYN_REPLY_FRAME:
                return length >= 4;

            case SPDY_RST_STREAM_FRAME:
                return flags == 0 && length == 8;

            case SPDY_SETTINGS_FRAME:
                return length >= 4;

            case SPDY_PING_FRAME:
                return length == 4;

            case SPDY_GOAWAY_FRAME:
                return length == 8;

            case SPDY_HEADERS_FRAME:
                return length >= 4;

            case SPDY_WINDOW_UPDATE_FRAME:
                return length == 8;

            default:
                return true;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Court Blocks Parts of North Carolina Voting Law
By Maya Rhodan
October 1, 2014 2:22 PM EDT
Updated at 10:05 a.m., Oct. 2
A federal appeals court on Wednesday blocked parts of a sweeping North Carolina voting law from taking hold ahead of this year's midterm elections.
The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a lower court's decision to allow provisions of the law that eliminate same-day-registration and the casting of out-of-precinct ballots. The appeals court on Wednesday still allowed other portions of the law to stand, including the cut of seven early voting days. But in a 69-page opinion Wednesday, the appeals court said an August decision by the lower district court to allow the full law was flawed.
The decision comes just weeks before the early voting period is set to begin in the Tar Heel State on Oct. 23. "The right to vote is fundamental," Judge James Wynn wrote in the majority opinion. "And a tight timeframe before an election does not diminish that right."
North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory issued a statement Wednesday saying though he was pleased most of the law will apply in November, the state plans to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. North Carolina's law has been one of the most criticized by voting rights advocates since the Supreme Court ruled that parts of the landmark Voting Rights Act are unconstitutional, which opened the door for states to enact more voting restrictions.
How 2014 Became the 'Gotcha' Election

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Our teams Robot-Fezzick, has been bagged up for a week now. The entire team has been busy tending to last minute details and the time has now come! Tomorrow morning our team will load the bus at 7 AM, along with Fezzick, and head to the Alerus Center in Grand Forks, ND for our first Regional Event of the year! There are many emotions being felt at this time as the team has been working so hard for the past 6 weeks! One factor that heightens the excitement is that this is the first Regional Event being held this close to home- in Grand Forks, which means this is a wonderful opportunity for the community to come and see what First Robotics is all about!
If you have the time, please consider making the drive to Grand Forks to cheer on team 5172! The event is free for all to attend and you would be amazed at what goes on at these competitions! There will be 47 teams competing here, with teams coming from as far away as Missouri! Thursday is our setup day. We must get through inspections and hopefully get Fezzick ready to go in time for some practice matches. Qualification matches will begin on Friday morning. Saturday, the qualification matches will continue with the finals in the afternoon. Three full days of action! For a full schedule of events please read our newsletter in the next post.
If you are unable to attend you will still be able to follow our matches at www.thebluealliance.com. We will be trying to update throughout the competition on all Social Media, including Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.
Good luck to Team 5172 and to all the First Robotics teams competing at the Great Northern Regional!


Intuition and mystery push ourselves to great levels of creativity. Creativity fuels passion and passion fuels life.
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Specialties: Conceptual Design to CD'S. Design-build. Client liaison. Sustainable Research and Design. Managing Design teams. Entitlements. Licensed in California and Colorado. Licensed Contractor in California.
Single Family Homes in Southern California.
development, Disney's Park operations and Creative-Production teams.
Berliner Architects, Los Angeles, CA, US, Project Architect.
entitlement documentation, Specifications and Contract documents.
check revisions and created marketing and web design solutions for the firm.


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Olympia and Hetty
By Binoy Kampmark - posted Friday, 18 July 2008 Sign Up for free e-mail updates!
Australia is currently beset by a moral apoplexy that takes one back to the bad old days when "dirty" literature like Lady Chatterley's Lover failed to make it to the stands. The same could be said for films that were given the savage cut, or simply not shown at all. Such an Australia was afraid to digest images that might have released it from its self-imposed immaturity.
Why this rush of sexual accusation, this over-heated condemnatory attitude? We had Bill Henson's photographs at a Sydney gallery (the righteous told us we are dirty to even look at them); then there was the Art Monthly Australia cover photo of Olympia Nelson, taken by her mother, Melbourne photographer Polixeni Papapetrou.
The father of the model in question, Robert Nelson, an art critic, can't quite see what the fuss is about. Nor can his articulate daughter. "I love the photo so much. I think that the picture my mum took of me had nothing to do with being abused, and I think nudity can be a part of art." Not so, according to those advocates who resemble the Taliban in terms of dress codes for children.
The question to be asked is where this "sexualisation" is coming from. Certainly not from those who happily go about their business during the course of day, seeing images that could not remotely attract that description. The image of Olympia Nelson had been available for public consumption for sometime prior to this nonsense, and was shown without much fuss.
As always, the party guiltiest of smut is the party who sees it everywhere (killjoys, censors, and so forth). Bravehearts and other child protection groups portray themselves as a keen defenders of children (we are all defenders now, from the vigilantes camping in Carbrook waiting a suitable chance to lynch Dennis Ferguson, to zealous data-crunching bureaucrats), but in order to mount a suitable defence, a suitable opponent must be created. Enter the obsession with sexual innuendo, sexual imagery, the dark forces that say more about the accusers than they do about the accused.
It may not have been very bright to have put the image up in Art Monthly Australia. Editorial policy might have simply ignored the Bill Henson saga. But in another sense, the editors took a stand worth making. Art is a commitment, and art can, whatever the aesthetically inclined might say, be political. To not make the statement against this current upsurge or moral insanity would have been worse.
There is a more dire aspect to this whole episode. Hetty Johnston and her assembly of Braveheart warriors are not merely trivialising genuine abuse, they are cheapening its gravity where it matters most. This is not child protection but a fictional demonisation of a process that does not exist at the level Johnston would like us to believe. Genuine offences are somehow mixed and conflated. We are bound to regard all crimes as having a uniform taint of abuse. With such an approach, punishment lacks sense and perspective.
There is no need to go so far, as some men's groups suggest, of seeing Johnston, as in the words of a publishing collective, "part of the greater feminist push to see men stigmatised as child abusers … and that used against them by women to retain custody in family law disputes". But there is much to doubt in such fundamentalist crusades. Johnston herself had a child adopted out.
Her reasons, as she claims in her autobiography In the Best Interests of the Child were economic, a darker era where the "reality was cruel". She could not "seriously consider [her] preferred option of keeping my baby". In time, her pursuit of children's rights resembles a public therapy session in motion, a catharsis of sorts. Artists and spectators beware.
Support for Johnston's stance has been forthcoming. Instead of being scotched from the start, this controversy has been fanned by the highest in Canberra. Leaders on both sides of politics are now art critics (or rather, they have decided to tell us what is, and what isn't art). Brendon Nelson is even more zealous than his counterpart, Kevin Rudd, who is also enthusiastic in proclaiming such art as "revolting". For Nelson, "The use and sexualisation of children in this way is indefensible, whether in the name of art, parental consent or political protest". Such behaviour gave a "two-fingered salute to the rest of society".
Johnston and Bravehearts are but one part of this apoplectic surge in seeing sex in everything. In this, the parents are not protectors but perpetrators. The true urge to sexualise does not reside merely in Dennis Ferguson. We are no longer confronted by the spectacle of predators in search of their child quarry, but child protection members who pontificate at will over vast spheres of society they have little understanding about. Who, then, are the real pornographers now?
One can only speculate what they will find next: a curiously inappropriate use of children with teddies on advertisements for real estate perhaps. Be wary, Mr Hooker.


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Edgar Willems' pedagogical proposal is based on the psychological relationship between Music, the human being and the created world.
The study of their constituent elements and of how each domain is organized has enabled the elaboration of a sequence that is directly inspired by and respectful of them.
The acquisition of musical language comes about in a way similar to that of the mother tongue.
This is an active musical education requiring receptivity, permeation, and imitation, but also self-expression and inventiveness.
Our goals (musical, human, social)
Musical aims:
To bring about a love for music—first as a language but also as an art and a science—through joyful music-making;
To lay the foundation for musical artistry by developing the musical ear and rhythmic sense prior to and in preparation for the study of solfège (ear training), playing an instrument, and all other musical disciplines;
To cultivate access to the musical language and art of different historical periods and diverse cultures.
Human aims:
To bring into play all sensory-motor, affective, intellectual, and intuitive (inventive and creative) faculties while expanding upon and harmonizing them among themselves.
Social aims:
To appeal to all (children, adolescents, or adults) without regard for their initial aptitude, their age and their origin;
To take advantage of small group instruction in order to cultivate the richness and requirements of encountering others (listening, personal expression, communication), and to encourage the extension of this activity into the milieu of general education, such as "family music," for example.
Pedagogical progression
Living experience precedes perception and must therefore have primacy over formal knowledge.
We therefore call upon teachers to provide real-life experiences with the different properties of sound, rhythm, melody, rudimentary harmony (whether classical or modern), singing, songs, and physical movement.
The sequence is comprised of 4 developmental levels:
Level 1 – Introduction to music
Introductory level, where oral and concrete life, discovery of musical phenomena, arousal of interest, compliance, active participation and initiative, and linking to holistic functioning give rise to good deeds and beautiful actions.
The general scheme of an introductory music lesson is structured in four main parts:
developing the ear and voice,
rhythmic activities,
singing and songs,
moving naturally to music.
A more conscious extension of Level 1 including a more exact knowledge of the graphic representation of certain aural and rhythmic musical phenomena, more memory development, and more relative awareness.
Level 3 – Pre-theoretical and pre-instrumental introduction
A period for organizing all previous experiences, for making a consistent transition from concrete to abstract including various dispositions, lateralization of the body, instrumental applications such as on chromatic tonebars, among others.
Level 4 – Living solfège and instrumental education
Living solfège is the acquisition of musical literacy, in which improvisation figures prominently alongside of rhythmic reading and writing, and is regarded as one of the crowning achievements of musical education.
Musical language continues to be viewed as a whole across all styles and periods. Modal and tonal systems are elaborated according to their role in the evolution of man's expressive language.
Instrumental education (all instruments), which begins parallel to musical education, follows organically after pre-theoretical and pre-instrumental education.
It requires the study of music to precede that of an instrument, and actual music making to precede that of technical mastery.
Playing an instrument occurs in 4 different and complementary domains:
playing by ear to reproduce songs and musical pieces heard and memorized without notation;
playing by note-reading, usually at first sight;
playing from memory, dedicated to the internalization and interpretation of artistic musical literature;
improvisation, which must be practiced from the beginning, through which various moods are expressed—musical games that take advantage of the possibilities of the instrument or even inventions derived from music itself (rhythmic, melodic, harmonic).
One develops a musical attitude through utilizing the vital sources of rhythm and dynamic sound relationships with the acquisition of instrumental technique in mind.
This attitude maintains one's inner musical impulse and contributes to the expansion of one's musicality, instrumental progress coming through music itself as something experienced, felt, and thought "from within."


That phrase used to be very true of me, and in the space of a few years here I am now, bounding around in front of audiences, shouting on the radio and even sometimes seen having the occasional rant on television!
I suppose I should go back to the beginning, where this whole story started and which without the experience I would not be bounding around in front of people talking about what I do.
A far cry from the happy, bubbly outgoing person I am now my teenage years were not particularly fun. You can imagine the usual, you are different, you don't quite fit in and others pick up on that and in turn pick on you. How does this leave you feeling? Deflated, self-conscious and wishing you would just disappear?
Believe me I tried to disappear, I almost let them win, the people that dictated that I was different, therefore I should be punished. It was a lot to do with appearance, how I carried myself, how I dressed and how I acted. I kept thinking "well maybe they are right, maybe I should just be the same" but that wasn't enough for me.
As the time went on, the bullying got worse and the other things piled on top I can safely say I finally lost it, Food became my way of escape, and the result was far from emotional eating, I simply stopped. I decided one day I shouldn't eat, and instead I would deprive myself of it.
This may have started as a way of coping, but in the end it became about how I looked, how skinny I could become, not for anyone else, but for me, to show myself the willpower I had and the strength I had to abstain from food. I slowly became paranoid about my body how I would look and how I would appear to others, spending ages getting ready, then deciding I couldn't go out because this wasn't right or that wasn't right, it literally took over every waking moment of every single day.
Hours in front of a mirror, scrutinising every single part of my body, and picking at faults that looking back, simply were not there. I hated what stared back at me, I wanted it to go, I wanted to just disappear. It sounds weird, but it was almost like it wasn't me staring back, but my worst enemy, never before have I despised someone so much, my own reflection!
So that was it, I had an eating disorder, congratulations, was this what I wanted to achieve?
I had a real problem coming to terms with it, trying to deal with the incredible self-loathing I felt, and finally I gave in and accepted it, broke down in tears and said to myself "I really need help".
From that point I spent years trying to help myself, with professionals trying to help me at the same time with many up's but far too many downs, not much changed, but strangely enough it took just one phrase to change it all.
One night I ended up in hospital for what must have been the umpteenth time, oh the glamorous world I lived in!
While that phrase wasn't the one thing that cured me, I will admit it had a massive impact, what had I done to myself, my mind, my body? Why did I put myself through this?
From that point I was determined to make a change, I was better than this!
And so my four year recovery begun, learning many things along the way, about respect for what you have, respect for the one body I will ever get, and respect for the one mind I lost and found again. I found my body again, and I was happy with it, could even go as far to say I love it now, it's not perfect, but what is!
I now work with a leading charity which works with eating disorders, talk at events and help others with my experience, something I never thought I would have the confidence to do and frankly something I could never see from where I was those few years ago.
I can now leave the house smiling, unashamed and proud of what I have achieved. So maybe it wasn't the best way to learn a valuable lesson, to be broken down and shattered, but I got there in the end and came out the other side a better person, a happy one, even a successful one.
What was the one lesson I learnt?
This is who I am, I won't change for anyone, so accept me for me, and most importantly no more wars against that mirror.
I suppose that was the quick tour through my life so far but I left one major thing out of this whole story, and I did it on purpose, the one fact about me that if I said at the beginning would change your whole perception of this story……..
I'm a 25 year old man.
"The only body I have"
Ate too many mince pies with it.


Eggnog Cookies are full of seasonal flavor. These will be great for gift boxes, holiday gatherings, or for a delicious holiday snack.
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Prepare cookies sheets by lining with parchment paper.
Cream butter and sugars together in a large bowl. Slowly add egg yolks and extracts then beat until creamy. Add eggnog and continue mixing until smooth. In a medium bowl, stir together flour, baking powder, nutmeg, cinnamon and salt. Add to creamed mixture and mix until well combined.
Scoop by heaping teaspoonfuls onto prepared cookie sheets. Bake for 10-12 minutes or until bottoms are just slightly browned. Leave on cookie sheets for 3-5 minutes then remove to wire racks and let cool completely.
While cookies are cooling, whisk powdered sugar and eggnog together. Place mixture in a small plastic resealable bag and snip corner. Drizzle icing back and forth across cookies then sprinkle with nutmeg.
Store in airtight cookie tin.


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Oklahoma Convenience Stores Terrorized by Diaper Flasher
TULSA, Okla. – A man who's flashed several Tulsa, Okla., convenience store clerks wearing only a diaper has struck again.
Authorities said the man made his fourth appearance last week striking a Broken Arrow, Okla., gas station, FOX affiliate, KOKI-TV reports.
Click here to read KOKI-TV's full report.
"You can't help but laugh about a man wearing a diaper in public, but the key part is he's exposing himself," Corp. Mark Mears of the Tulsa Police Department told KOKI-TV.
Store clerk Kyle Holdman told the station that his friend was working the night of the flasher's latest appearance.
Click here for FOXNews.com's Crime center.
"He was just kind of like creeped out by it," Holdman told KOKI-TV. "The guy went into the bathroom and came back in a diaper. He told him he needed to go find somewhere else to do that."
Tulsa police said the "diaper flasher" has struck three other south Tulsa convenience stores.
The man has struck at least three other south Tulsa convenience stores and has exposed himself on at least one occasion to a store employee, police said.
"Some of the people that commit indecent exposures will escalate to commit rapes and lewd molestations," Mears told the station. "It's very important that we find out who he is."
The man has told some witnesses he's acting on a dare.
The man is white, slender and in his mid 20s and has been seen in a silver Ford Ranger. Anyone with information is asked to call Crime Stoppers at 918-596-COPS.


text:
Brosnan's 'I.T.' Shows Our Creepy Digital Future
More and more, cinemas are being poisoned with big budget, paint-by-number studio disappointments.
Take the 2016 summer as a perfect example. Is anybody clamoring for another viewing of "Independence Day: Resurgence," "Jason Bourne" or that "Tarzan" movie?
While a VOD release was once, and still slightly is, scoffed at, it's where some of the better films can be found. They're not always the best in terms of technical quality. At least these small budgeted films are ambitious. That's a trait major studios have nearly abandoned.
"I.T. [Blu-ray] " certainly isn't going to change lives or reshape cinema. It's still a slick, original thriller that packs more entertainment in its 90 minutes than a fair share of what studios spend millions advertising to us.
Pierce Brosnan is Mike Regan, a very wealthy business owner with an idyllic slice of the American dream. It's all turned upside down when he invites one of his company's techs over to his house to fix the Internet.
The stranger (James Frecheville) pushes all the wrong buttons.
He begins talking to Regan's daughter, showing up uninvited at Regan's house and creepily uttering the word "friend" a lot around the boss. When Regan cuts ties with him, the CEO's life immediately goes haywire. His company's cyber security system gets hacked and his house becoming a digital prison for his family.
FAST FACT: Pierce Brosnan says he can't stand to watch himself in the four James Bond movies he made. "I was never good enough," he says.
It's an intriguing concept since our lives are in the midst of going full-blown digital. More and more of what we do and have is filtered through a digital wall. It's scary to think how much of your life can actually be controlled by a tech-savvy guru.
Early in the film we see the generational divide between the I.T. menace and Regan as they debate the merits of privacy and whether it exists anymore. Regan believes it's a right while his young tech insists it's a privilege.
Sure, the film gets a little bonkers (could you really control someone's brake system remotely?) and there's a real muddled third act. In fact, for being a film filled to the brim with sleek devices, the finale seems incredibly unimaginative and low-tech.
RELATED: Top 5 Signs Pierce Brosnan Is the Next Liam Neeson
Still, "I.T." works enough to be exactly what it needs to be – an entertaining B-movie thriller. Aging action star Brosnan carries a weathered look across his smooth, Irish face that gives a newfound sinister quality to him, plus extra layers to his quieter scenes. He's quieter now, more real than when he was a winking, one-liner spewing James Bond.
As for Frecheville … the kid is actually unnerving. The script leaves him with the freedom to create moments that enter the genuinely creepy category.
Above all, "I.T." looks appropriately flashy and slick. Director John Moore ("A Good Day to Die Hard") makes it seem as though his film had twice the budget it actually does and proves despite a record with more than a few stinkers, he's an impressively visual filmmaker.
"I.T. [Blu-ray] " is not grand cinema. It's a well-paced, Hitchcockian B-movie with a formidable protagonist, a creepy villain and a sly take on modern living. In today's digital monster movie landscape, it's hard to ask for more than that without feeling greedy.
The Blu-ray includes a behind the scenes featurette, but unfortunately no in-depth look at the plausibility of some of the digital predatory acts in the movie.
Move! Brosnan's 'I.T.' Needs a Full Reboot
Is 'Lawnmower Man' Hollywood's Definitive VR Film?


Join the Jamestown Area Labor Federation for pizza on the picket line to show your support of the RHI Monofrax strikers.
From now through December 3, the Jamestown Area Labor Federation will be collecting non-perishable items to be donated to the RHI Monofrax workers currently on strike. These workers are fighting for a fair contract and are only making $100.00 per week while they do it. Please help us gather food to be distributed at December Third's Solidarity Rally.
Non-Perishable items can be dropped off at the IBEW Local 106 Union Hall located at 322 James Avenue, Jamestown, NY.


gas to the heat capacity is negligible except at very low temperature. The various models are shown graphically in Figure 13-05b1.
(~ 6x1023 particles in 1 atomic weight of the substance / mole = NA = Avogadro's number). Figure 13-05b2 lists the specific and molar heat for some selected substances. The conversion from J/g-K to J/mole-K is by multiplying the atomic weight. It leads to some curious situations that the relative amount is reversed after the conversion, (e.g.. graphite has higher value of specific heat than gold, but it is the opposed in molar heat because the latter has higher atomic weight). Since the hot or warm sensation is related to the temperature sensors on our skin, thus we would feel cooler for substance with high heat capacity from same amount of heat input (see insert in Figure 13-05a2).
dQ = dU + dW .
These simple formulas have only limited applications to most metals and mono-atomic gases. Other substances have more complicated structure with internal energy stores in other forms (such as rotation and by large number of constituent atoms), which do not contribute to the raise of temperature, and thus would have large value of heat capacity. While some complex materials have relatively low heat capacity as the heat is stored independently by each atom, not by the bulk motion of the molecules (see Figure 13-05b2). This model cannot explain the behavior at low temperature. One of the attempts to resolve the problem is by using the quantized energy as shown presently.
See Figure 13-05b1 for comparison with experimental data.
See Figure 13-05b4 to compare.


The day of the concert brought us face to face with cold, hard facts. The ensemble arrived for the dress rehearsal in the afternoon. Despite our detailed agreement, the hall had again been set for an amplified rock concert that night, and the technical staff was not allowed to alter things according to our plans. We had to perform on the pre-set stage, we could not move the side curtains, and the screen was not placed behind the stage. The only technical detail that was arranged according to the agreement was the voice amplification for the narrator.
Instead of being able to alter the acoustics and make the hall as reverberant and projective as possible, we were forced to perform in dry theater-like conditions. The acoustically challenging ensemble of The Soldier's Tale as well as Salonen's Catch and Release were performed in full emergency mode, the players simply concentrating on the music and trying to forget the acoustic conditions around them.
The process organizing of the Stravinsky concert immediately humbled me. There were no halls available at the Academy on the chosen concert day. Therefore I had to settle on the first possibly suitable venue that was available. The Vaunusali Hall appeared to be vacant for the hours of the concert, but was otherwise extremely tightly booked, limiting our rehearsal opportunities. Moreover, the rent of the hall is rather expensive, especially compared with the Sibelius Academy venues, which would have been free for doctoral students. However, in order to keep the whole project running, I had to book the venue and take the risk of not getting extra funding.
An interesting adversity cropped up at the start of the rehearsals: The massive volcanic eruption in Iceland with its ash cloud spreading over Europe halted most of the airline traffic. At the time of our first rehearsal our conductor was stuck in Malaysia and our clarinet player in Paris. I spent an entire weekend booking a standin conductor and clarinetist for only one prima vista rehearsal, with the vague option of participating in the performance if the missing people would not make it themselves. Ultimately they did.
The acoustic aspect of the concert was close to catastrophic. According to my quick preliminary studies of its acoustic potential, the hall would have been more-or-less acceptable if we had been allowed to carry out the planned adjustments. That did not happen. Therefore my fundamental concept of acoustically optimizing the ensemble sound was not realized.
However, the unfortunate acoustic circumstances demonstrated the fundamental characteristics of The Soldier's Tale ensemble. It is a movable theater band and, as an integral part of the stage drama, is designed to work under any circumstances. Incidental good acoustics were just an additional luxury, which Stravinsky most probably did not anticipate while planning the inaugural tour of The Soldier's Tale. However, despite the original minimal inner resonance characteristics of the two pieces that share the same lineup, my plan was to demonstrate how even this challenging ensemble could gain from optimizing the acoustic conditions around it. All in all, due to circumstances beyond my control and partly through sheer misfortune, the acoustic aspect of my first doctoral concert failed. Jukka Isopuro's critics and the audience's impressions were in line with this conclusion. Nonetheless, musically the performance went according to our plans.
The final boost of anger-induced adrenaline comes after conductor Lintu paid a visit to the audience side, "Well - to tell you the truth the ensemble sound is nonexistent. Now we just do it!"
It really feels like being x-rayed throughout the performance. We just have to keep the skeleton together and moving.


text:
Q: Float rounding in python 2.6 on 32-bit platform I am using quite old Python 2.6.6 on Debian 6 (32-bit). Faced issue that any number with decimal 1 after dot represented like: 37.100000000000001 instead of 37.1. Ok, I'd like to return it as in was introduced, i.e. 37.1 as float in JSON response. And I want in returned as float (otherwise '{0}'.format(number) saves me).
UPD: sample taked on my system:
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Dec 27 2010, 00:02:40)
[GCC 4.4.5] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> f = 37.1
>>> f
37.100000000000001
>>> round(f,2)
37.100000000000001

When JSON prepared it looks like:
>>> import json
>>> f = 37.1
>>> json.dumps({'value': f})
{ 'value': 37.100000000000001 }

But I want it be:
{ 'value': 37.1 }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
presidential election and has continued following the vote
Violence erupted in several towns in Côte d'Ivoire in the lead up to the presidential election and has continued following the vote. According to the National Human Rights Council, the violence led to 55 deaths between 31 October and 10 November, and 282 people were injured.
Last week, violence escalated in the central region of Côte d'Ivoire, including in the towns of Mbatto, Elibou and Daoukro.
Authorities in Côte d'Ivoire must investigate the killing of dozens of people with rifles, guns and machetes since the presidential election, Amnesty International said today.
Eyewitnesses interviewed by the organisation described post-election violence scenes which took place amid intensifying clashes between opposition and ruling party supporters since 31 October. In some instances, security forces were overwhelmed failing to prevent violence from both sides.
We are urging the Ivorian authorities to investigate the bloody violence and bring perpetrators to justice. The impunity that has long reigned in Côte d'Ivoire provides fertile ground for people to commit killings and other human rights violations with no fear of being held to account.
We are urging the Ivorian authorities to investigate the bloody violence and bring perpetrators to justice. The impunity that has long reigned in Côte d'Ivoire provides fertile ground for people to commit killings and other human rights violations with no fear of being held to account," said Samira Daoud, Amnesty International West and Central Africa Director.
"This is the second time in a decade that elections in Cote D'Ivoire have been marred by violence. The authorities must urgently take measures to protect lives and send a clear message that killings will not go unpunished."
There have also been dozens of arrests of opposition party members, including opposition leader Pascal Affi N'Guessan who has been in detention since the evening between 6 and 7 November.
Between the 9 and 10 of November, an opposition protest in the town of Mbatto led to at least two deaths and dozens of people injured, five of whom in a critical condition, according to information received by Amnesty International.
Eyewitnesses told the organisation that supporters of the ruling party attacked protesters with stones, which later led to a violent clash with
http://www.ucen.ucsb.edu/sites/www.ucen.ucsb.edu/files/webform/resumes/poland-vs-netherlands-live-s-tream.pdf
http://www.ucen.ucsb.edu/sites/www.ucen.ucsb.edu/files/webform/resumes/norway-vs-austria-live-s-tream.pdf
http://www.ucen.ucsb.edu/sites/www.ucen.ucsb.edu/files/webform/resumes/northern-ireland-vs-romania-live-s-tream.pdf
http://www.ucen.ucsb.edu/sites/www.ucen.ucsb.edu/files/webform/resumes/netherlands-vs-poland-live-s-tream.pdf
http://www.ucen.ucsb.edu/sites/www.ucen.ucsb.edu/files/webform/resumes/moldova-vs-kosovo-live-s-tream.pdf
machetes and guns while security forces were overwhelmed.
One witness told Amnesty International:
"…. They started with stones, then machetes, and at last we heard gun shots …. We were brutally assaulted. … They started to burn, to break some things and to injure us with bullets. The gendarmes who were in the middle to disperse the crowd with tear gas were (even) discouraged. We were left to ourselves.
https://superbowl-superbowl.com/ https://superbowl-superbowl.com/2020/ https://superbowl-superbowl.com/live/ https://superbowl-superbowl.com/stream/
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import duty China to Poland:Upon its accession to the European Union on May 1, 2004, Poland became part of the EU customs union. This means that the same import duty rates are applicable in all member states. Tariff rates are contained in the European Union's Common External Tariff. Information on customs duty rates is available from the Integrated Tariff of the European Community (TARIC) database.


If there's one thing that over 20 years' experience in the Further Education (FE) industry teaches you, it is that nothing ever appears to be simple in FE. So, if you have been trying to find out what you need to become an assessor, but you just can't make heads or tails of what information is out there, no worries. We have put together a page just for you. Using research from literally thousands of enquiries and our extensive industry-knowledge, we have put together a comprehensive list of Frequently Asked Questions. Whether you just want to know how to become an assessor or what all of these acronyms are that you have heard about, our FAQ should help.
How Does the CAVA Compare to the A1, D32/33 or TAQA?
Are the Old D32/33 & A1/A2 Qualifications Still Valid?
What Level would I be Qualified to Assess up to?
What are the Job Prospects like for Assessors?
What Does the Assessor Course Involve?
What's the Difference Between the 4 Assessor Qualifications?
Which Assessor Qualification is Suitable for my Industry?
Generally speaking, in order to become an assessor, you need two things. These are; occupational competence and the appropriate assessor qualification.
Occupational competence is basically the 'knowing your stuff' part. You need to have a good amount of experience working in the occupation for which you want to assess learners in. When it comes to applying for assessor jobs, you will be asked to show evidence of your occupational competence as well. So, you can use prior qualifications and experience of working in relevant job roles as evidence for this.
Then there is the assessor qualification. If you don't already hold an accredited assessor qualification, you will need to attain one. The most highly regarded assessor qualification is the Level 3 Certificate in Assessing Vocational Achievement (CAVA). This will not only qualify you to assess learners in any learning environment, but it will also qualify you to assess their occupational competence in the workplace. Upon completion of this course and providing you have sufficient occupational competence, you would be qualified to assess learners completing NVQs and Apprenticeships.
As an NVQ Assessor, you would be responsible for supporting and guiding learners through their vocational qualifications. You would collect various different types of evidence from your learners to meet all of the learning outcomes from within their qualifications.
Work closely with training staff and candidates' line managers.
For those of you that have already done a bit of digging into assessor training before arriving here, you may have seen all sorts of acronyms being thrown around! We have designed a page with exactly you in mind if that is the case.
If you would like a really short and concise explanation; the CAVA is the 'top dog' assessor qualification (I suppose you could say). It forms part of the latest suite of assessor qualifications (often referred to as TAQA) which replaced the A1 Award back in 2010. But before the A1, there was the D32/33. The D units were the first accredited assessor qualifications.
TAQA stands for Training, Assessment and Quality Assurance. It is the name for the current suite of Assessor and Internal Quality Assurance qualifications. So, 'TAQA' is not 'a qualification'; it is instead, an umbrella term that covers a branch of qualifications.
We are aware of how confusing this particular term can be for people. Simply because there are so many assessor job vacancies that just refer to 'a TAQA' or 'the TAQA'. Which to all intents and purposes, makes it sound like it should be a qualification. However, as you now know, it isn't.
Are the old D32/D33 and A1/A2 qualifications still valid?
In short, yes. HOWEVER, this is dependent on a couple of things. Firstly, you need to have been working in a suitable job role which has involved assessing and/or training. Secondly, you absolutely have to have an up to date Continuing Professional Development record. Ideally, part of your CPD should have involved you achieving the knowledge-based unit from the most up to date assessor qualifications (UPPA).
If you have been out of assessing for a while, then we would certainly recommend completing the most suitable assessor course from the latest suite of assessor qualifications. Have a look at our Assessor Qualifications page to find out what the most suitable qualification will be for you.
The answer to this question will depend on a few different factors. It will depend on your previous qualifications, your previous experience, the requirements set out by the awarding organisation for the qualifications you want to assess and your employer's policies.
That is why this is such a tricky question to answer. However, for wanting of a simple answer; you will be able to assess up to whatever level you can evidence occupational competence for. For example, if you have been working in a certain industry for over 7 years and you have got a Level 3 NVQ in that occupation, you will be able to assess up to level 3 in your area of expertise. However, it's not always that straightforward. The linked page below should provide you with a more thorough understanding.
After I have completed my assessor course, what level can I assess up to?
Obviously, the demand for assessors varies based on which industry it is that you are looking at assessing in and where it is that you are based. Nevertheless, there tends to be a quite a good demand for assessors, particularly in the following industries: Health and Social Care, Childcare, Business services (Business Admin, Customer Service, Team Leading etc.), Construction and Hair & Beauty. The thing is, where there are apprenticeships and vocational qualifications, there are assessors needed. So, it is just about making sure that you have the suitable qualifications and experience and know the right places to look for these jobs.
As you will have seen if you have already visited our Assessor Qualifications page, there are in fact four current assessor qualifications. So, obviously it would depend on which qualification you choose when it comes to finding out what the course involves.
Regardless of which qualification you choose you will either a cover a combination, or all of the units below.
Essentially, Unit 1 is the theory based unit and units 2 and 3 involve assessing two candidates. Unit 2 requires you, as the trainee assessor, to assess 2 candidates in the workplace. Whereas, Unit 3 involves you assessing 2 candidates in a learning environment, like via a Virtual Learning Environment for example. You will find that the vast majority of assessor training providers will require you to have access to the learners to assess. However, there are a select few (including ourselves), that can provide you with access to the learners to assess.
Which Assessor Qualification is for me?
To explain the difference between the four assessor qualifications, it might help to know what each one is called and which units they cover. To make it as simple as possible, we have listed each qualification title, what the course is known as and a brief explanation of who each course is for.
Summary: The CAVA would qualify you to carry out all types of assessments. It qualifies you to carry out vocationally related assessments in learning environments (like classrooms, simulations and online learning systems). But in addition to that, it also qualifies you to assess the competency of learners within their workplace.
Ideal for: Anyone looking to become an NVQ Assessor as a career change.
Summary: This qualification is suitable for those that only need to be able to assess learner's in their work environment.
Ideal for: Anyone who works for a company that wants to be able to do in-house assessments on employees completing vocational qualifications; reducing the requirement for external assessors.
Summary: You can probably tell what's coming here already… The AVRA only qualifies you to be able to assess in learning environments. Just to clarify, would not be able to carry out competency-based assessments in the workplace with this qualification.
Ideal for: Anyone that wants to deliver classroom-based/online vocational qualifications (like knowledge-based BTEC courses).
Summary: The UPPA is a single-unit knowledge-based qualification. It would only provide you with the theory behind the principles and practices of assessment. So, this assessor award on its own, would not qualify you to carry out any assessments.
Ideal for: Anyone who has previously completed an assessor qualification. The UPPA provides previously-qualified assessors with the knowledge that they need to bring themselves up to speed with the current standard.
All of them! Whether you are experienced in Plumbing, Social Care, Hairdressing, Hospitality or Dog Grooming for that matter, it's the same qualification you need to become an assessor. This may come as a surprise, but the assessor qualifications are industry standard qualifications.
You could think of it like this; you can get an NVQ level 3 in Management. That qualification would qualify you for a management role within your industry; whatever industry that may be. Likewise, the assessor qualification could be referred to as an NVQ Level 3 in Assessing. Because the assessment processes and practices are the same across all industries, it's the same qualification you would need.
However, we do appreciate that there is a lot of information to take in there. So, if you would prefer to have a chat with someone, either to clarify a few things or even get started, please get in touch. You can either call us on 01205 805 155, or request a call back, whichever you would prefer!


This factsheet explains why safety belts matter, responsibilities, fines, choosing a safety belt and maintenance.
This information is no longer available in factsheet format. Instead, you can read this information in our safety for children section.
This factsheet is a general overview of what information parents and care givers need to know when children travel in a vehicle. This includes what the legal requirements are for restraining children in a vehicle, as well as what information you need to know when renting or purchasing (new and used) child restraints, and the fitting of child restraints into a vehicle.


KERRY & EDDIE KRAUSE, CHERYL & IAN RENNIE, NEVILE AND JEFFREY (both dec).
LOVING GRANDMOTHER AND GREAT GRANDMOTHER OF HER MANY GRANDCHILDREN.
LATE OF CURTIN STREET GRIFFITH, WHO PASSED AWAY ON SATURDAY 27TH AUGUST AT GRIFFITH BASE HOSPITAL AT THE AGE OF 77 YEARS.
RELATIVES AND FRIENDS OF THE LATE NARELLE COGGAN ARE RESPECTFULLY INVITED TO ATTEND A GRAVESIDE SERVICE WHICH WILL BE HELD AT THE GRIFFITH LAWN CEMETERY ON THURSDAY 1ST SEPTEMBER COMMENCING AT 10.30AM.
IN LIEU OF FLOWERS, DONATIONS TO 'GRIFFITH CAN-ASSIST' WILL BE GRATEFULLY RECEIVED AT THE SERVICE.


Before I go any further, I know…I went a little print crazy here but life isn't fun if you don't scare yourself a little bit from time to time right?
Lately the thrifting gods have been on my side! I thrifted this AMAZING dark floral print midi skirt just in time for fall and it only cost me $7.
I could see the bold print from a mile away and I was attracted to it like a magnet. When I started putting this look together I kept fall in mind by pairing a dark colored top and motorcycle jacket.
Having staple pieces in your wardrobe is essential because it helped me bring this "pricey looking" OOTD together for $7. They only thing I actually purchased was the skirt. I already had my black button down, heels, moto jacket, and my sunnies. Now that what I call looking fab for less.
Leave me a comment and tell me about your thrifting adventures. Enjoy!
Culottes are like when a pair of pants, shorts and a skirt get together and have a baby! Ha ha! They are loose and cool but not stuffy like a traditional pair of pants. They don't leave you feeling exposed like skirts can sometimes. Finding the right pair can be tricky but once you do, they will be a spring and summer favorite.
I styled these white culottes with a bright red orange top that I picked up from a thrift shop for $4 bucks about two years ago. What style experts say about timeless pieces is true. The shirt is from the 90's but is 100% silk and is in great condition. Red orange is definitely a spring and summer trend this year so I was glad to already have it.
Lastly, I added a leopard print belt (LOVE leopard prints!!!!) and my fancy bow pumps. My belt and shoes make an other wise forgettable outfit stand out and memorable. When you keep pieces simple you can go crazy with the little things that matter! The purses that you see here are from Milan Blocks and you can mix and match them easily with a simple outfit. They are so fun that you will want them to be the center of attention when you go out! What interesting things do you like to add to simple outfits to make it stand out? Leave me comment and let me know, Enjoy!
You will not believe where I got this jumper and what it cost me! GOODWILL, $7!!!!
This is probably the most comfortable and least expensive OOTD that I have done so far. One Sunday a few weeks ago we were out thrifting and we stopped by Goodwill. As I'm walking around thinking that I won't find anything, I see a GW associate hang a garment on the dress rack. It caught my eye because it looked too lumpy to be a dress and it was a really rich black. Most things are faded once they get to Goodwill so I had to go check it out.
When I got closer I could tell it was a jumper. I inspected it for rips and tears to find out that it was in perfect condition.I fancy jumpers and rompers because it's so easy to put on one piece and a pair of shoes then run out of the door. They just fit my life. I love the sheer details on the shoulder and the metal hardware on the collar, drawstring, and sleeves. The fabric is really light and breathable. It was a really warm day when I wore it for the first time and I wasn't hot at all.
Next time your'e out shopping, stop by a thrift store. You never know what treasures you might stumble upon. Enjoy!
I'm not sure if I have mentioned this before but I absolutely love leopard prints! This outfit gives me a "clean slate" to put all of my leopard accessories with. While I was out having lunch with my husband a few days ago we stopped by a thrift store. I thrifted this top for 4.50 and the shorts for $5.00. Both of these items for under $10!?!?! So awesome right?!
The shirt is a size 10 but looks great tucked into a high waisted bottom. The shorts actually started out as pants. I have been wanting a pair of high waisted shorts that aren't too short. I definitely don't want my cheeks hanging out but nowadays it's tough to find that combination. This older denim provides me with HUGE deep pockets, a high waist, and adjustable length. Everything I wanted! Don't you love when that happens? Me too!
To spice everything up I went for my leopard print belt, leopard bracelet, Charm Envy nail bracelet and my A+B necklace. My go to brown purse and wedge heels were the icing on the cake. I just love when a look comes together 🙂 Today is Earth Day so try your hand at a cool thrifted look as a way to reuse, reduce, and recycle. Enjoy!


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ACL - February 26, 2018
4 simple functional tests after ACL injury that predict the future
Functional or physical performance tests, such as hop tests, are commonly used by physiotherapists and other rehabilitation clinicians to evaluate recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. Indeed, they make up a vital part of the clinical decision on when to progress patients to next stages of rehabilitation and when an athlete can safely return to sport after ACL injury.
But can they predict the future? Are these functional tests of knee and lower-limb capacity that we use so often in the clinic able to tell us anything about future outcomes? Thankfully the answer is yes. Performance on functional tests performed after ACL injury can provide valuable information on future risk of poor knee symptoms, impaired quality of life, graft rupture and other knee injuries, and long-term osteoarthritis development.
Single hop for distance
In 91 people with ACL injury treated non-operatively, a hop for distance limb symmetry index (LSI=injured leg ÷non-injured leg) of <88% at 2.5 months after injury predicted worse self-reported knee function (ie. IKDC score) 1-year later (Grindem et al., 2011).
In 180 people with ACL reconstruction, a hop for distance LSI of <90% 1-year after surgery predicted the presence of radiographic tibiofemoral osteoarthritis 10-years postoperatively (Pinczewski et al., 2007).
Triple crossover hop for distance
In 85 people following ACL reconstruction, single legged hop tests (particularly the triple crossover hop and 6-metre timed hop) LSI <88% at 6-months after surgery predicted an unsuccessful outcome, assessed with the IKDC score, 1-year postoperatively (Logerstedt et al., 2012).
One leg rise
In 93 people following ACL reconstruction, an inability to perform ≥22 one leg rises on the reconstructed knee at 1-year post-surgery predicted poorer knee-related quality of life (ie. KOOS-QOL score) at 3-years postoperatively (Culvenor et al., 2016).
In 87 people from the KANON trial with ACL injury treated with either rehabilitation alone or ACL reconstruction plus rehabilitation, performance (ie., LSI) on a variation of the one leg rise test (the lowest sitting height from which able to stand up on one leg) at the completion of ~8-months of rehabilitation predicted self-reported knee function at 2- and 5-years post-injury (Ericsson et al., 2013).
6 metre timed hop
In 145 people with ACL injury, after 2-months of non-operative rehabilitation, performance on the 6-metre timed hop helped to explain those who later underwent ACL reconstruction and those who continued non-operative management (Eitzen et al., 2010).
Battery of hop tests
As part of return to sport criteria in 109 people following ACL reconstruction, achieving >90% LSI on each test in a battery of functional tests (hops, strength) resulted in only 6% reinjuries over the following 2-years, compared to 38% reinjuries in those with <90% LSI (Grindem et al., 2016).
Using a similar discharge criteria in 158 male professional athletes, those with >90% LSI on each hop and strength test had a 4-times lower risk of ACL graft rupture compared to those with <90% LSI (Kyritsis et a., 2016).
What to do in the clinic?
Let's use these clinical tests of functional performance and their prognostic ability to empower and motivate patients along their ACL rehabilitation journey. They provide instant feedback in the clinic and their important impact on future outcomes can be utilised to enhance motivation and adherence to rehabilitation.


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Towards a multi-tracer timeline of star formation in the LMC -- I.\ Deriving the lifetimes of H\,{\sc i} clouds
Ward, JL, Chevance, M, Kruijssen, JMD, Hygate, APS, Schruba, A and Longmore, SN Towards a multi-tracer timeline of star formation in the LMC -- I.\ Deriving the lifetimes of H\,{\sc i} clouds. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ISSN 0035-8711 (Accepted)
2007.03691v1.pdf - Accepted Version
Publisher URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1977
The time-scales associated with the various stages of the star formation process remain poorly constrained. This includes the earliest phases of star formation, during which molecular clouds condense out of the atomic interstellar medium. We present the first in a series of papers with the ultimate goal of compiling the first multi-tracer timeline of star formation, through a comprehensive set of evolutionary phases from atomic gas clouds to unembedded young stellar populations. In this paper, we present an empirical determination of the lifetime of atomic clouds using the Uncertainty Principle for Star Formation formalism, based on the de-correlation of H$\alpha$ and H\,{\sc i} emission as a function of spatial scale. We find an atomic gas cloud lifetime of 48$\substack{+13\\-8}$\,Myr. This timescale is consistent with the predicted average atomic cloud lifetime in the LMC (based on galactic dynamics) that is dominated by the gravitational collapse of the mid-plane ISM. We also determine the overlap time-scale for which both H\,{\sc i} and H$\alpha$ emission are present to be very short ($t_{over}<1.7$\,Myr), consistent with zero, indicating that there is a near-to-complete phase change of the gas to a molecular form in an intermediary stage between H\,{\sc i} clouds and H\,{\sc ii} regions. We utilise the time-scales derived in this work to place empirically determined limits on the time-scale of molecular cloud formation. By performing the same analysis with and without the 30 Doradus region included, we find that the most extreme star forming environment in the LMC has little effect on the measured average atomic gas cloud lifetime. By measuring the lifetime of the atomic gas clouds, we place strong constraints on the physics that drives the formation of molecular clouds and establish a solid foundation for the development of a multi-tracer timeline of star formation in the LMC.
This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The version of record Jacob L Ward, Mélanie Chevance, J M Diederik Kruijssen, Alexander P S Hygate, Andreas Schruba, Steven N Longmore, Towards a multi-tracer timeline of star formation in the LMC – I. Deriving the lifetimes of H I clouds, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, , staa1977, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1977 is available online at:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1977
Q Science > QC Physics
10.1093/mnras/staa1977


S.P.L.A.S.H. Parenting: Celebrate each child!
Just like the flowers in a field and the snowflakes that fall from the sky, children are unique and wonderful. Our children are not born to us in order to fulfill our dreams and expectations. They are gifts to us, who depend on our love and care and affirmation of who they are, not what we expect them to be.
Watching a child grow and develop is the precious reward of parenting. Often we are surprised by the talents and interests of our own children.
Parents: take the time to help your children recognize and develop their own special interests and gifts. Support them in exploring their ideas and allow them to express themselves. Pay attention to them.
It sounds so simple but in our distracted and Internet connected lives, our children may not be getting the attention they deserve.
Remember that you have been given the amazing blessing of being a parent to a completely amazing, uniquely talented child. It's your job to educate, nurture, and allow that child to develop into all that he/she can be. So get busy loving, affirming and discovering everything about that wonderful blessing--that is your child!


Crazed cousins try to settle a feud with permanent ink, and end up doing permanent damage. Lovebirds dare to test the boundaries of their relationship, but it could draw a final line in the sand.
Things get hot when lovebirds Cara Maria and Paulie ("The Challenge") risk their new relationship. Best frenemies make throwing shade an art form when they use ink to bust each other's balls.
Cousins try to trump one another with ink that goes tattoo far. Ex's stay enemies when former lovers come clean with "deeply" revealing tattoos that really "stink."
In the premiere, "Jersey Shore" veteran Angelina tests her fiancé's love for her nasty side with a tattoo that's bloody horrific. Meanwhile, best friends reveal their dirty little secrets in permanent ink.


Health benefits for baby. Breast milk naturally contains all the nutrition your baby needs. Breast milk is easier to digest than formula. It is full of antibodies that help protect your baby from infections. In addition, studies suggest that breastfed children may have higher intelligence scores than those who are not breastfed.
Breastfeeding is perfect food for your baby. Although doctors and experts agree that breast milk is best, some mothers are not able to breastfeed, or choose not to. The decision is up to you. As a mom I know how much we want only the best for our little ones. World Health Organization recommends breast milk exclusively for the 1st 6 months, then up to and past 2 years with food also. Formula is just not a good enough substitute for breast milk. Formula fed babies are more prone to bacterial infections, respiratory illnesses and diarrhea; Whereas, according to UNICEF, breastfed babies have six times greater chance of surviving the first six months.


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Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
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One Baylor Plaza Mail Stop BCM225 Houston, TX 77030
Molecular and Human Genetics Chair's Message
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I am pleased to introduce you to the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics at Baylor College of Medicine. We strive to transform medicine with the practice and science of genetics and genomics. The integrated research, clinical, and diagnostic activities housed within our department have led in the transformation of genetic medicine. In spite of the challenges of the COVID19 pandemic, our team continues to excel in all aspects of our mission.
We continue to be a top-ranked genetics department. Among other U.S. genetics departments, our department has consistently ranked first in total awarded National Institutes of Health funding and total number of NIH grants.
We continue to be leaders in the diagnostic testing arena with Baylor Genetics, our joint venture with H.U. Group Holdings, Inc. This jointly governed laboratory continues to support the academic mission and innovation of the department while promising to extend the impact of genetic diagnostic testing worldwide including, most recently, for infectious diseases.
We continue to support our partnership with the Chinese University of Hong Kong Center for Medical Genetics, where our faculty is delivering the department's clinical, training and research missions to a global venue.
We led the development of a new masters in genetic counseling program and its inaugural class graduated in 2020. Our web-based platform called Consultagene for delivery of telegenetic services, launched in 2018, continues to expand the reach of the department's comprehensive genetic services in a virtual setting.
In addition, new and continuing consortia with the NIH and industry are leading to new gene discoveries and advancements in the implementation of genetics and genomics. These consortia include the All of Us program, the Undiagnosed Diseases Network, the Center for Mendelian Genomics, the Knockout Mouse Phenotyping Program, the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network, and the newly established the Center for Precision Medicine Models.
Ultimately, the innovation that has characterized our department continues to flourish. The future holds much promise due to the talent and dedication of our renowned faculty, trainees and staff. I consider myself privileged to be a part of this exciting and vital effort.
Brendan Lee, M.D., Ph.D.
Robert and Janice McNair Endowed Chair in Molecular and Human Genetics
The Department of Molecular and Human Genetics embodies five decades of organized genetics activity at Baylor College of Medicine. Our goal is to transform medicine with the practice and science of genetics.
View the 2020 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Annual Report.
Department Brochure
View the 2021 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Brochure.