text:
Home cubism
Meaning of cubism in English:
mass noun
An early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.
'The early analytic cubism of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque sought to capture the essence of subjects in 'simultaneous vision' by eliminating point of view, distance and lighting.'
'Analytical cubism is generally considered the early phase of cubism.'
'By 'Egyptian style' Rousseau meant the elements of African tribal art that Picasso and other artists had assimilated when they developed the art movement known as cubism.'
'From this painting stemmed what we now know as analytical cubism, cubism's first phase.'
'Though the modern art movements of impressionism, cubism, expressionism and abstract art have influenced urban art, what we see is not a made-in-India version of Western art.'
'Pre-Columbian art's contribution to modernism fails to fit into the teleologically reconstructed development from post-impressionism, fauvism, and cubism to abstract expressionism.'
'A distinctive style of cubism combined with surrealism are what makes his paintings stand out from the crowd.'
'In music, atonality or the abandonment of rules of tonality, was the counterpart of cubism and surrealism in art and the functionalism of Bauhaus.'
'Abbreviated from a 1925 Paris exhibition, art deco was a mix of cubism, art nouveau and Russian ballet, with a fondness for strident colours and geometric lines.'
'The influence of the French avant-garde movements - surrealism, cubism, and so forth - is quite marked.'
'Apparent in her paintings are the influence of cubism, which employs geometric structure, and surrealism, and which uses fictional, sometimes abstract, subjects.'
'Later, the Jamaican artists began to incorporate artist movements like abstraction, impressionism and cubism into their works.'
'In cubism, geometrical forms and fragmentations are favored.'
'It is quite different from the shattered fragments found in the analytic cubism of his contemporaries Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso.'
'Consider the distinctive compositions of pop artist Romero Britto, whose brilliant colors and whimsical themes flirt with cubism but remain true to the artist's personal style.'
'It's not pointillist, it's not cubism - it's just in-your-face, comic art.'
'Elements of surrealism and cubism, influences of the European avant-garde art movements of high modernism are all in evidence in this striking poem.'
'For several years to come they were to explore together the possibilities of cubism.'
'Picasso discovered cubism after seeing African masks, so the two artists share the same source of inspiration.'
'Avoiding the influence of Picasso's cubism in any form, O'Keeffe epitomized the independence of the American avant-garde.'
Cubism was a reaction against traditional modes of representation and impressionist concerns with light and colour. The style, created by Picasso and Braque and first named by the French critic Louis Vauxcelles in 1908, was inspired by the later work of Cézanne and by African sculpture
Early 20th century from French cubisme, from cube (see cube).
/ˈkjuːbɪz(ə)m/
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Greek culture
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•How To Negotiate Anything: Freelancers must negotiate everything from the rent they pay to the contracts they sign. Here's how to negotiate on your own—and when to hire someone to negotiate for you.
•Online Networking: In addition to tricks and strategies for online networking from Rusch herself, this Guide also includes advice from such online networking experts as Neil Gaiman, Michael A. Stackpole, and Mitch Wagner.
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Available from Audible or in electronic form for $9.99.
The Freelancer Short Books are excerpted, in part, from Kristine Kathryn Rusch's longer work, The Freelancer's Survival Guide. If you need advice on a particular subject, and don't feel the need for the full-length guide, then these short books are for you.
The biggest dream all freelancers have is to work for themselves. They want to ditch the day job. Many freelancers quit their day job too early. Some wait too long. Some never do quit. And some should return to a day job for a few years while they fine-tune their business.
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Everyone says they want to be their own boss, but very few people know how.
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Surviving failure is even harder. But every successful person has had at least three failures before finding that success.
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Everyone has dreams, but most people don't know how to achieve them.
Goals help people achieve their dreams, but how do you know if you've set the right goals?
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Most people hate negotiating. Instead of learning it themselves, they hire someone—an agent, a lawyer, a manager—to negotiate for them. But negotiators often do not have their clients' best interests at heart.
In this short book, international bestselling writer Kristine Kathryn Rusch shows you how to negotiate anything from buying a car to buying a house, from handling a book contract to handling a negotiator.
If you have ever negotiated anything—and who hasn't?—then this book is for you.
Once you've become successful, you never have to work again—or so many people believe. But becoming a success is just the start. Staying a success is the hard part.
This short book will help you both become a success and remain one. International bestselling author Kristine Kathryn Rusch will show you the secrets to success that will change your life.
Audiobook available from Audible and iTunes. Available in electronic form for $4.99.
Celebrities like Elvis Presley and Michael Jackson prove that you can always spend more money than you earn.
Want to know how to make money while self employed? Learn how to manage the money you do earn.
In this short book, international bestselling writer, Kristine Kathryn Rusch, shows you how.
Available from Audible, in print or electronic form from $4.99.
Networking sounds hard—and it is, if you're trying to do it "right." Instead, do it your way.
International bestseller Kristine Kathryn Rusch offers her tips on networking in person. She solicited the help of great online networkers like bestsellers Neil Gaiman and Michael A. Stackpole to give online networking tips.
This short book teaches you everything you need to know about networking—and more!
Being your own boss means setting your own schedule.
Sounds easy, right? Instead, it's one of the toughest parts of freelancing.
In this short book, international bestselling writer Kristine Kathryn Rusch shows you how to create a schedule, meet deadlines, take time for vacation, and cope with illness.The perfect guide for freelancers who can't find enough time in the day.
Available from Audible, in print, or in electronic form from $4.99.
I was wondering if the Freelancer's Survival Guide was available in non-electronic form? I was hoping to give it as a gift for the holidays. Thank you!


Many people see their check engine light come on and simply ignore it. Unfortunately if you fall within that description, your vehicle will soon suffer damage. It may not happen immediately, but the check engine light always goes on for a reason.
The check engine light is a warning light, alerting you that something is wrong with your vehicle. Something may not necessarily be broken, but that small issue could turn into a much larger problem if neglected for too long. Whenever the warning light comes on, bring in your vehicle to Rocket Auto Repair and our ASE certified master technicians will diagnose the problem and correct it and get you back on the road. Our team utilizes the latest technology in auto repair to perform repairs to your automobile and correctly read the error codes behind your check engine light.
Depending on the vehicle, a check engine light could mean a variety of things. Over 300 different problems, in fact. Your vehicle's onboard computer monitors many different systems within your automobile and when it detects a problem it will turn the check engine light on. To properly diagnose the meaning behind the mysterious light you have to bring your vehicle into an auto repair shop. Once at our shop in Monmouth, check engine light technicians will use special instruments to tap into the onboard computer and get a read the error codes. The error codes indicate which system is at fault. From there, your trusted auto mechanic can perform the necessary repairs. Bring your vehicle to Rocket Auto Repair and ASE certified mechanics will diagnose and correct your check engine light!
Can I Drive if my Check Engine Light is On?
The short answer is yes, but you should refrain from driving as much as possible. It is safe to drive to your local trusted auto mechanic to diagnose the issue but it is not a good idea to continue driving. As mentioned earlier, the check engine light does not signify immediate danger, but rather a problem is occurring and that the problem will worsen and potentially cause further damage to your automobile. In our experience, ignoring the check engine light often means an expensive repair is around the corner. To avoid paying hundreds, we recommend taking your vehicle to our Monmouth check engine light specialists so we can diagnose and correct the issue. A trip to us will always be less pricey than excessive damage caused by neglecting your check engine light.
NEVER Drive if Your Check Engine Light is Flashing!
It is never safe to drive when your check engine light is flashing. A flashing check engine light indicates a misfire, which means a serious problem is occurring in your vehicle, such as excess fuel getting into your system. Misfires cause major damage to your vehicle, so if you notice that your check engine light is flashing then turn the vehicle off, or if you are driving then immediately pull over to a safe location and call a local towing company. Once the tow truck brings your vehicle to the nearest repair shop, they can diagnose the misfire and perform necessary repairs.
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The Network+ certification exam is critical for any networking professional, because it examines crucial knowledge bases such as networking, technologies, installation and configuration, media and topologies, management, and security using multiple-choice and performance-based questions. Successful completion of the Network+ test qualifies you for IT jobs such as network administrator, help desk technician, installer, certified computer technician, and IT cable installer. Many major companies, including Dell, HP, and Xerox, as well as the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security, require their technicians to receive Network+ exam certification. This is why it is critical to take the Network+ practice test to ensure you are properly prepared to pass the exam.
Passing the Network+ test and receiving your certification shows that you can competently install, configure, maintain, and troubleshoot basic network infrastructure. The Network+ certification is vendor-neutral and internationally-recognized, and being Network+ certified proves that you are knowledgeable about networking features and functions, wiring standards, and testing tools. The Network+ practice test will provide you with the necessary tools to understand the actual exam.
Since the Network+ exam is so important for technicians to have, proper exam preparation is essential for passing the exam. Practice tests are the best way to prepare for the Network+ certification exam. Total Seminars offers certification studying materials for the Network+ certification exam. Here are some reasons why you can rely on Total Seminars for the best possible preparation for the Network+ certification exam.
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HTC Vive Pro – Virtually The Best
by differentimpulse - April 3, 2018
The first thing you'll notice with the Vive Pro is that it's a deep blue, compared to the original's all-black design. While that's helpful for distinguishing the two, aesthetically the blue shade doesn't really add much. The headset looks much larger, but paradoxically, it's also significantly lighter. Its plastic case and humdrum design doesn't really distinguish it from other VR headsets, but current Vive users will notice the differences. Instead of a constant work in progress, this new headset feels like a completely finished product.
Most importantly, there's a new head strap system. It's similar to the Deluxe Audio accessory HTC released a year after the Vive's debut, which added headphones and replaced the original head straps. While this new system looks a bit complex at first and makes the headset much longer than before, it's actually pretty straightforward. You simply place the eyepiece over your face, rest the back strap against your head and rotate the dial to straighten it. There's an adjustable band at the top, but that's something you only have to deal with the first time you put it on.
The Vive Pro doesn't just have a new look, it has improved specs starting with the screen. The headset has a pair of 3.5-inch AMOLED screens with 1440 x 1600 per eye or 2880 x 1600 combined. The original Vive and Oculus Rift's OLED displays have a resolution of 2160 x 1200 or 1080 x 1200 per eye. That's a 78 percent resolution increase, which definitely makes a difference. Although the resolution is considerably higher, the refresh rate and the field of view remain the same at 90 Hertz and 110 degrees respectively.
All those top-shelf specs require a high-end system to support them. HTC has recommends a system with Windows 8.1 or later, with either an Intel Core i5-4590 or AMD FX 8350 CPU or better, with 4GB of RAM and at least a Nvidia GeForce GTX 1060 or AMD Radeon RX480. Port-wise, you'll need a DisplayPort 1.2 along with a USB 3.0 port or newer.
The Oculus Rift is a lot more forgiving, needing at least an Intel Core i3-6100 or an AMD FX4350, 8GB of RAM, either an Nvidia GTX 960 or an AMD Radeon RX 470 GPU with HDMI 1.3 and a USB 2.0 ports.
While everyone's looking for the next big thing in augmented reality, HTC is still moving the needle for virtual reality with its Vive Pro headset. Equipped with high resolution AMOLED displays, integrated earphones with a built-in amplifier and spatial 3D audio, the Vive Pro elevates the VR market to a whole new level. But at $799, evolution doesn't come cheap, and without base stations or controllers, the Vive Pro isn't wholly complete.
Tagged headset HTC Vive virtual reality
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Déjà Vu All Over Again: The Immigration Law of 1924
By Pamela | July 19, 2012 | 4
America has always been a nation of immigrants, fueled by a constant stream of those with the energy and imagination to leave the familiar in search of something more. And it has always had people who wanted to keep out the immigrants who came a generation or two after they themselves arrived.
Between 1880 and 1923, America saw the greatest voluntary migration in human history. Twenty-one million people moved to the United States in search of a better life. By 1911, the United States Immigration Commission reported that three-fifths of American wage-earners were born somewhere else..
Not everyone was happy about the new arrivals. Many groups argued that Congress should shut down the flood of immigration, just as some people now argue for tighter control of immigration. Labor unions feared that the flood of immigrants would take American jobs and depress wages. (Sound familiar?) Many longtime Americans felt that newcomers from eastern and southern Europe were inherently inferior to earlier immigrants from northwestern Europe. Others disliked the fact that many of the new arrivals were Catholic or Jewish. (Members of the Ku Klux Klan were the most violent proponents of this position, but they weren't alone.)
Responding to these pressures, Congress passed a new immigration law in 1924. In addition to limiting the total number of immigrants allowed into the country each year, the new law established immigration quotas for each country based on the proportion of each nationality in the United States in the 1890 census, effectively reducing immigration from central and southern Europe. Asian immigrants were excluded altogether, with these exception of those from Japan and the Philippines.* The quotas remained in place, largely unchanged, until 1965.
You'd think we'd learn.
*Japan kept tight control over the number of emigrants allowed to leave. The Philippines were a US possession.
Posted in American History, Déjà Vu All Over Again and tagged American History, deja vu
melissa on September 15, 2012 at 7:13 pm
The 1924 immigration law DID restrict the Japanese. In fact, it TOTALLY BANNED Japanese immigration by first abolishing the Gentlemen's Agreement and then restricting immigration to those eligible for U.S. citizenship–which the incoming Japanese were not.
pamela on September 15, 2012 at 8:12 pm
Melissa:
Diana Holdsworth on October 24, 2018 at 4:18 pm
WOW. Thank you for this information. I had no idea of the size of the "voluntary migration."
Gina Conkle on October 24, 2018 at 8:24 pm
Hi Pam,
From 1880 – 1923 the US welcomed an average of 488,000 immigrants per year. According to US Citizen and Immigration Service, 716,000 immigrants were naturalized in the 2017 fiscal year. That sounds like we're more vibrant and welcoming than ever.
Are there fringe elements? Yes. There always will be—on both sides of the political spectrum.
I submit the US has for decades taken a "patchwork" approach to immigration, more reactionary than well-planned. We reformed welfare in the late 1990s. Why not bring immigration policy into the 21st century?
We need compassion and reason in our laws. They're more effective when tempered by both.
And yes! I'm ready to vote Nov. 6th.


Bangas To Wake Up To: "Higher and Higher" by Jackie Wilson – Expanding your culture, one touch at a time.
Whenever I find the opportunity, I am going to share a great song to start your day off. Today I chose "Higher and Higher" by Jackie Wilson. This song will get you out of bed dancing and will prepare you for the typical struggle you deal with on a day to day basis.


text:
package com.intellij.refactoring.inline;

import com.intellij.openapi.project.Project;
import com.intellij.psi.PsiElement;
import com.intellij.refactoring.ui.RefactoringDialog;
import com.intellij.refactoring.util.RadioUpDownListener;
import com.intellij.ui.IdeBorderFactory;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.ItemEvent;
import java.awt.event.ItemListener;

public abstract class InlineOptionsDialog extends RefactoringDialog implements InlineOptions {
  protected JRadioButton myRbInlineAll;
  protected JRadioButton myRbInlineThisOnly;
  protected boolean myInvokedOnReference;
  protected final PsiElement myElement;
  private final JLabel myNameLabel = new JLabel();
  protected JPanel myOptionsPanel;

  protected InlineOptionsDialog(Project project, boolean canBeParent, PsiElement element) {
    super(project, canBeParent);
    myElement = element;
  }

  protected JComponent createNorthPanel() {
    myNameLabel.setText(getNameLabelText());
    return myNameLabel;
  }

  public boolean isInlineThisOnly() {
    return myRbInlineThisOnly.isSelected();
  }

  protected JComponent createCenterPanel() {
    myOptionsPanel = new JPanel();
    myOptionsPanel.setBorder(IdeBorderFactory.createTitledBorder(getBorderTitle()));
    myOptionsPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(myOptionsPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));

    myRbInlineAll = new JRadioButton();
    myRbInlineAll.setText(getInlineAllText());
    myRbInlineAll.setSelected(true);
    myRbInlineThisOnly = new JRadioButton();
    myRbInlineThisOnly.setText(getInlineThisText());

    myOptionsPanel.add(myRbInlineAll);
    myOptionsPanel.add(myRbInlineThisOnly);
    ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
    bg.add(myRbInlineAll);
    bg.add(myRbInlineThisOnly);
    new RadioUpDownListener(myRbInlineAll, myRbInlineThisOnly);

    myRbInlineThisOnly.setEnabled(myInvokedOnReference);
    final boolean writable = myElement.isWritable();
    myRbInlineAll.setEnabled(writable);
    if(myInvokedOnReference) {
      if (canInlineThisOnly()) {
        myRbInlineAll.setSelected(false);
        myRbInlineAll.setEnabled(false);
        myRbInlineThisOnly.setSelected(true);
      } else {
        if (writable) {
          final boolean inlineThis = isInlineThis();
          myRbInlineThisOnly.setSelected(inlineThis);
          myRbInlineAll.setSelected(!inlineThis);
        }
        else {
          myRbInlineAll.setSelected(false);
          myRbInlineThisOnly.setSelected(true);
        }
      }
    }
    else {
      myRbInlineAll.setSelected(true);
      myRbInlineThisOnly.setSelected(false);
    }

    getPreviewAction().setEnabled(myRbInlineAll.isSelected());
    myRbInlineAll.addItemListener(
      new ItemListener() {
        public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
          boolean enabled = myRbInlineAll.isSelected();
          getPreviewAction().setEnabled(enabled);
        }
      }
    );
    return myOptionsPanel;
  }

  protected abstract String getNameLabelText();
  protected abstract String getBorderTitle();
  protected abstract String getInlineAllText();
  protected abstract String getInlineThisText();
  protected abstract boolean isInlineThis();
  protected boolean canInlineThisOnly() {
    return false;
  }

  @Override
  public JComponent getPreferredFocusedComponent() {
    return myRbInlineThisOnly.isSelected() ? myRbInlineThisOnly : myRbInlineAll;
  }
}

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text:
Professor of Biology and Research Scientist, University of New Mexico
Matthew is a contributor to the Climate Change & Fire Projections Team, delivering analysis and products related to long-term modeling in support of California's Fifth Climate Change Assessment. He is working with the two separate approaches for statistical fire risk modeling to integrate their outputs into the LANDIS-II vegetation model, and will run scenarios for adaptation strategies in LANDIS-II. Matt is a forest ecologist working at the interface of ecology, economics, and policy on issues pertaining to climate change mitigation and adaptation. He has broad experience in long-term modeling and simulation and has been projecting climate change mitigation and adaptation scenarios in fire-prone forests in the Sierra Nevada under future climate change. He also has extensive experience in the implementation and modeling of adaptation strategies such as fuel treatments. For the Teakettle Experiment, located in the southern Sierra Nevada, he has been researching the effects of mechanical thinning treatments and prescribed fire on ecosystem properties and carbon dynamics. Matthew holds a doctorate in Ecology from UC Davis.


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<POLITICS>
» sevendaysvt.com
Rocking the Vote? Vermont's youngest House rep is ruffling Prog feathers
RACHEL WESTON
n a recent weekday evening at Vermont College in Montpelier, former Governor Madeleine Kunin discussed her new book, Pearls, Politics, & Power: How Women Can Win and Lead, before a mostly female audience STORY of about 70 people. After her speech, MIKE a microphone was passed to a woman IVES in one of the front rows. Did Kunin have any advice for IMAGES female political hopefuls disillusioned JEB WALLACE- by a gender-biased media? Cultivate chutzpah, replied the exBRODEUR guv. It's easy to go door knocking, Kunin explained. But to really make it in politics, "You have to have something inside you that can withstand any criticism." "Don't give up," Kunin added after a pause. "Come see me." One young woman sitting a few rows back, wearing pearl earrings, pink pants and a blue velvet blazer, had already taken that advice. In the fall of 2005, University of Vermont graduate student Rachel Weston enrolled in Kunin's course about women, leadership and politics. A year later, at the age of 25, she became one of 11 House representatives serving Burlington — and later ended up in Kunin's book herself. The Old North End resident is still the youngest member of the Vermont chamber, by nine years. Despite her inexperience, Weston is now beginning to make waves in insider circles. While the freshman rep has gone largely unnoticed by the Vermont press since first landing in Montpelier over a year ago, she recently inspired a heated correspondence between Vermont Democrats and Progressives, as well as a string of commentaries on Green Mountain
Daily, a leading Vermont blog. Moreover, at least two prominent Progs suggest Weston is unwisely stirring up political waters in left-leaning Burlington, a city long recognized as a battleground for the two rival parties. It all started at a house party in Montpelier. During an informal Q&A session with Progressive gubernatorial candidate Anthony Pollina some weeks ago, Weston asked: Would Pollina, who had been requesting to speak before the Democratic State Committee, support hypothetical Progressive challengers over Democratic incumbents in local races? "It wasn't really an original question," recalls Weston, who asked it partly because she says she wants Vermont's "left" to establish a vetoproof majority in the House this fall. Democratic House Majority Leader Carolyn Partridge (D-Windham) says Weston was simply giving voice to a general concern shared by Democratic Party faithful. Whatever the motivations behind it, Weston's casual query informed major political developments. After she summarized her exchange with the Progressive guv-hopeful for the Democratic State Committee, party chair Ian Carleton sent a letter to Pollina putting off a formal committee decision on the latter's speaking request until June. Pollina wrote back to say his "short answer" on the Dem/Prog question was "no" — he would not support Progressive challengers over "progressive-minded" Democrats. But he also noted that the Democrats had already fielded a challenger in a Burlington district with two Progressive incum-
bents — Progs he will support. The Democratic challenger is Kesha Ram, a UVM senior who happens to be a close friend of Rachel Weston. Ram is running in the Chittenden 3-4 district against Progressive incumbents Chris Pearson and David Zuckerman. Zuckerman, a vegetable farmer who chairs the House Committee on Agriculture, says Weston is "playing hardball in a naïve way." He wasn't at the house party in question, but says that Weston's "mischaracterization" of Pollina's words has "delayed momentum" to beat Republican Governor Jim Douglas (who was elected to the Vermont House straight out of college: Middlebury, in 1972). By supporting Ram in Burlington, Zuckerman adds, Weston may be undoing some of the political goodwill he claims exists between Burlington Dems and Progs. One Green Mountain Daily blogger put Zuckerman's concerns more succinctly: "If in fact Rep. Weston is undercutting Progressive incumbents, she may not be as pure in heart and motive as it first appeared." Weston isn't a hardballer by nature. It wasn't until she'd taken Kunin's leadership class that she considered getting involved in politics. The daughter of a nurse and a former telephone lineman, the Massachusetts native gained some experience in community organizing as an undergrad at UMass Amherst. Weston decided to attend UVM's graduate program in public administration partly because it was housed under "Community Development & Applied Economics," not political science.
At the suggestion of Kunin and her friends, Weston began thinking about running for the House during her last semester at UVM, in the spring of 2006. So when she got a call from House Democratic incumbent Jason Lorber while writing a paper on campus, it only reinforced her political ambitions. "Jason called me up one day and was like, 'Would you ever think about doing this?'" she recalls on a recent evening in her second-floor Pitkin Street apartment. "I was like, 'OK, I'll think about it, but I have to finish school!'" That fall, Weston and Lorber, a California transplant, ran against Progressives Heather Reimer and Kathy Valloch. The latter candidates, both experienced community organizers, were "better qualified" for the post than was Weston, according to former Progressive House Rep. Steve Hingtgen, who once held Lorber's seat. But after knocking on roughly 3000 doors and recruiting young voters through Facebook, Weston won almost 2000 votes in the election. She and Lorber claimed two-thirds of the total vote. "Rachel is a breath of fresh air," says Dem leader Partridge. In addition to teaching her older colleagues new campaign strategies, Partridge says, Weston has been a vocal addition to the House Committee on Natural Resources & Energy. Back in July, the young rep slammed Gov. Douglas' energy policy in a Burlington Free Press op-ed. Weston is also an inspiration to UVM students, says current student body president and Vermont House hopeful Kesha Ram. The two women
Seven Days, April 9, 2008
Why Natalie Garza Won't Give Up the Seach for Her Son; Breaking Down the Compost Saga; Youngest House Representative Faces an Old Battle; Ea...


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text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}

The  escape fraction of Lyman-continuum
(LyC) photons from galaxies is a crucial
component of models of the reionization of the universe.
In recent reionization models, many reasonable assumptions have
been adopted or constraints derived for the LyC escape fraction
($f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$)
\citep[e.g.,][]{robertson2015,finkelstein2012}. However,
such constraints are typically indirect \citep{kuhlen2012}
and do not substitute for the actual detection of ionizing photons leaking
from galaxies. Because of the increasing intergalactic medium (IGM)
optical depth at higher redshifts, it is not possible
to directly measure escaping ionizing radiation from
galaxies much beyond $z\sim 3$, let alone during the
epoch of reionization \citep{vanzella2012}.
Therefore, such measurements must be performed at
$z\leq 3.5$, the highest redshift at which IGM
absorption does not destroy the signal of interest.

Direct measurements of LyC emission can be used for estimating
the average $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$ at $z\sim 3$,
and the relationships between $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$ and other galaxy
properties. Determining these relationships is crucial for translating
measurements of non-ionizing radiation
from galaxies during the epoch of reionization
into an estimate of their contribution to the ionizing budget.

Robust detections of LyC emission have recently been obtained
for several low-redshift galaxies using COS
on the {\it Hubble Space Telescope} ({\it HST}) \citep[e.g.,][]{borthakur2014,izotov2016,leitherer2016}.
At $z\sim 3$, both spectroscopic \citep[e.g.,][]{shapley2006} and ground-based
and {\it HST} imaging techniques have been used to measure LyC emission
\citep[e.g.,][]{nestor2011,mostardi2013,grazian2016,vanzella2012}.
In ground-based $z\sim 3$ LyC observations, contamination by lower-redshift interlopers
is a serious concern. When contaminated, the flux at $\sim 3500$\AA\ observed
does not consist of LyC at $z\sim 3$, but rather
non-ionizing UV-continuum from a lower-redshift
source near the line of sight. High-spatial-resolution observations
(e.g., with {\it HST}) are required to rule out contamination \citep{vanzella2012}. To date, there is only one object
with a spectroscopic detection of LyC at $z\sim 3$ and uncontaminated {\it HST} morphology, i.e.,
{\it Ion2} at $z=3.21$ \citep{debarros2016,vanzella2016}.

\begin{figure*}[ht!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{f1.pdf}
\caption{{\bf Top:} Deep LRIS spectrum of Q1549-C25. The spectrum is presented in the observed
frame, and the flux-density units are $\mu$Jy. The error spectrum is plotted
in red. Blue- and red-side spectra are joined
together at the 5000~\AA\ dichroic cut-off. {\bf Top left:} The top panel shows the LyC range ($880-910$\AA),
indicated as a blue shaded region, and Lyman-series absorption lines. $f_{900}$ is evaluated
as the mean flux-density in the LyC region. The bottom panel shows the spectral
range longwards of Ly$\alpha$, containing several labeled interstellar metal absorption lines.
{\bf Top right:} Zoomed-in spectrum of Ly$\alpha$ emission. The Ly$\alpha$ profile
profile is characterized by a single emission peak offset relative to the
systemic redshift of Q1549-C25, indicated by the vertical dotted line.
{\bf Bottom:} Two-dimensional spectrum of Q1549-C25, with the LyC region bracketed by vertical
blue lines at rest wavelengths of 880 and 990\AA. Wavelength increases
from left to right and the spatial scale is indicated with a vertical bar of 5" in extent.
The spectrum has been lightly smoothed by a Gaussian kernel with 3-pixel radius.
}
\label{fig:c25spec}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{f2.pdf}
\caption{MOSFIRE $K$-band spectrum of Q1549-C25. The spectrum is presented
in the observed frame and the flux-density units are
$10^{-18}\mbox{ ergs s}^{-1}\mbox{ cm}^{-2}\mbox{ \AA}^{-1}$. The error
spectrum is plotted in red. The [OIII]$\lambda5007$
and [OIII]$\lambda 4959$ lines are clearly detected, while H$\beta$ falls
on a sky line. The combined [OIII]+H$\beta$ emission-line flux is
$\leq 5.2\times10^{-17} \mbox{ergs s}^{-1}\mbox{ cm}^{-2}$, corresponding to a rest-frame
equivalent width of $W_{(\mbox{[OIII]+H}\beta),0}\leq256$\AA.
The systemic redshift based on [OIII] emission is $z_{sys}=3.1526$.
}
\label{fig:c25spec-mosfire}
\end{figure}

As we describe here, we have obtained deep Keck/LRIS spectroscopy for a large
sample of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at $z\sim 3$, including coverage
of the LyC region (Steidel et al., in prep.). Roughly 10\% of these galaxies show spectroscopic
detections of LyC radiation. One of them, Q1549-C25, is also covered
by multi-wavelength {\it HST} imaging, from which we determine that
the galaxy is unaffected by low-redshift contamination and represents a clean
detection of LyC emission.
In \S\ref{sec:observations}, we describe our spectroscopic and imaging
observations.  In \S\ref{sec:results}, we present the spectroscopic
detection of LyC emission in Q1549-C25, along with the galaxy's multi-wavelength morphology and
stellar population parameters.
Finally, in \S\ref{sec:discussion}, we discuss the implications for estimating
$f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$, compare the properties of $z\sim 3$ galaxies detected in LyC,
and consider the outlook for LyC observations at high redshift.
Throughout, we adopt cosmological parameters of
$H_0=70 \mbox{ km  s}^{-1} \mbox{ Mpc}^{-1}$, $\Omega_M = 0.30$, and
$\Omega_{\Lambda}=0.7$.

\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{f3.pdf}
\caption{$5"\times5"$ postage stamp images of Q1549-C25. From left
to right, we show ground-based $V$ band, $U_{336}$, $V_{606}$, $J_{125}$, and $H_{160}$,
oriented with north up and east to the left. The LRIS slit is overlaid on each postage
stamp.  These images indicate that C25 consists of a single component within a $1"$
radius. The faint galaxy 1\secpoint3 to the south does not contribute to
the flux measured in the LRIS spectrum. The lack of $U_{336}$ detection for Q1549-C25 is
consistent with the spectroscopic detection of $f_{900}$, given the depth of the $U_{336}$ imaging.
}
\label{fig:c25-panelfig}
\end{figure*}

\section{Observations \& Methods}
\label{sec:observations}

\subsection{Keck Spectroscopy}
\label{sec:observations-keck}
As described in Steidel et al. (in prep.),
we used the LRIS spectrograph on the Keck~I telescope to assemble
a sample of 136 galaxies at $2.72\leq z\leq 3.52$
($\langle z\rangle = 3.05\pm0.18$) with deep rest-UV spectra covering the LyC
region (rest-frame $880-910$\AA). The galaxy Q1549-C25 has coordinates of
R.A.=15:52:06.07 and decl.=+19:11:28.4 (J2000), ${\cal R}_{AB}=24.83$
\citep[i.e., roughly $L^*$;][]{reddy2008}, and falls in the HS1549+1919 field,
one of the survey fields of the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey \citep[KBSS;][]{rudie2012,steidel2014}.
This object was originally identified as a $z\sim 3$ photometric candidate and confirmed
at $z_{Ly\alpha}=3.16$ using, respectively, LRIS $U_nG{\cal R}$ imaging and spectroscopy
\citep{steidel2003,reddy2008}. In subsequent deep LyC spectroscopy, Q1549-C25 was observed through
a multi-object slitmask with 1\secpoint2 slits, at a sky position angle of $\theta=72^{\circ}$.
Data were collected in April and June 2008, for a total exposure time of 8.4 hours under photometric
conditions and seeing $\sim$0\secpoint5$-$0\secpoint7. LRIS was configured with the ``d500" dichroic,
sending wavelengths shorter and longer than $5000$\AA, respectively, to the blue and red
channels, where they were dispersed, respectively, by a 400 lines/mm grism blazed at 3400\AA,
and 600 lines/mm grating blazed at 5000\AA.

LRIS spectroscopic data were reduced as described in Steidel et al. (in prep.).
In brief, individual two-dimensional spectra were flatfielded, cut out, rectified, corrected
for non-uniform slit illumination, background-subtracted, combined, extracted to one dimension,
and wavelength and flux-calibrated. The spectra were also dereddened for Galactic extinction,
using $E(B-V)=0.045$ for the HS1549+1919 field \citep{schlegel1998}.
When trying to detect the faint signal of LyC emission,
it is crucial to minimize and quantify the systematic and statistical uncertainties associated with
these steps. We used careful tests for residual systematic errors in background
subtraction to establish that the zero flux level was robustly estimated (see Steidel et al., in prep
for details),\footnote{As described in Steidel et al. (in prep.), we performed multiple
careful tests of our background subtraction. In one such test, we
created a stack of 10 two-dimensional spectra with LyC detections
(including the spectrum of Q1549-C25), registering the individual
spectra at the position of each target galaxy. From this two-dimensional stack, we
extracted spectra over the wavelength regions $3450-3650$\AA\ and $4000-4100$\AA,
including all pixels along the slit except those within $\pm 4$" of the
stacked target position.  The resulting pixel flux distributions in each of these wavelength
regions are centered on zero counts, in agreement with pure Gaussian
noise, with a standard deviation as expected by our noise model
including photon counting statistics and detector read noise.}
a significant improvement over previous analyses \citep[e.g.,][]{shapley2006}.

A Keck/MOSFIRE $K$-band spectrum was obtained for Q1549-C25 in May 2016, for a total
of 1.5 hours in photometric conditions with 0\secpoint7 seeing.
Observations were performed and data reduced as described in \citet{steidel2014}.

\subsection{{\it HST} and Other Imaging}
\label{sec:observations-hst}

We have obtained deep {\it HST} imaging
in two pointings in the HS1549+1919 field \citep{mostardi2015}. Each pointing
is covered by WFC3/UVIS $U_{336}$ (5 orbits), ACS/WFC $V_{606}$ (5 orbits), WFC3/IR $J_{125}$ (3 orbits)
and $H_{160}$ (3 orbits). These pointings were chosen to optimize the number of
LBGs and Ly$\alpha$ emitters (LAEs) with apparent LyC emission detections
inferred from $3420$\AA\ narrow-band imaging \citep{mostardi2013}. Despite not being
detected at $3420$\AA, Q1549-C25 has coverage in
all four {\it HST} bands, enabling a careful analysis of its multi-wavelength morphology.

In addition, there is ground-based optical and near-IR imaging, as well as
{\it Spitzer}/IRAC photometry for Q1549-C25. These include the original Keck/LRIS
$U_nG{\cal R}$ plus $V$-band imaging, $J$ and $K_s$ from Palomar/WIRC
\citep{reddy2012}, $K_s$ and medium-band $J_1$, $J_2$, $J_3$, $H_{short}$, and $H_{long}$ from Magellan/FourStar,
and IRAC channels 2 ($4.5\mu m$) and 4 ($8.0\mu m$). Q1549-C25 is detected in all
bands except $U_{336}$, $U_n$, $J$, $H_{long}$, and IRAC channel 4.

\section{Results}
\label{sec:results}

\subsection{The Direct Detection of LyC}
\label{sec:results-lyc}

Q1549-C25 is one of 13 galaxies in the LRIS LyC sample with
a $\geq3\sigma$ detection of $f_{900}$, the average flux density at rest-frame $880-910$\AA. The
rest-frame UV spectrum of Q1549-C25 is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:c25spec}. The top left
panel highlights the LyC region, in which we measure
$f_{900}=0.043\pm0.010$~$\mu$Jy, corresponding to an AB magnitude
of $m_{900}=27.33\pm0.26$. The bottom panel shows the two-dimensional spectrum
of Q1549-C25 over the LyC region, where a faint signal is apparent.
The average non-ionizing UV flux density is estimated
from the LRIS spectrum over the rest-frame range $1480-1520$\AA, yielding
$f_{1500}=0.523\pm0.019$~$\mu$Jy. Combining these measurements, we find
$f_{900}/f_{1500}=0.08\pm0.02$ for the ratio of ionizing to non-ionizing flux
density.

The rest-frame UV spectrum of Q1549-C25 features strong  Ly$\alpha$
emission (rest-frame equivalent
width, $W_{Ly\alpha,0}=15$~\AA) at $z_{Ly\alpha}=3.156$ (see Figure~\ref{fig:c25spec}, top right)
and several low-
(Si~II~$\lambda1260$, OI+Si~II~$\lambda1303$, C~II~$\lambda1334$,
Si~II~$\lambda1526$, Fe~II~$\lambda1608$)
and high-ionization (Si~IV~$\lambda\lambda1393,1402$, C~IV~$\lambda\lambda 1548,1550$)
interstellar metal absorption features at $z_{abs}=3.149$ (top left panel). The difference between
Ly$\alpha$ emission and interstellar absorption redshifts arises due to large-scale outflow motions
in the ISM of Q1549-C25 \citep[e.g.,][]{pettini2001,shapley2003}.
The systemic redshift, $z_{sys}=3.1526$, is measured from the [OIII]$\lambda 5007$
emission centroid in the MOSFIRE spectrum (Figure~\ref{fig:c25spec-mosfire}).

Multiple Lyman-series absorption lines are also detected in the spectrum of Q1549-C25, although
their profiles may be contaminated by absorption from intervening Ly$\alpha$ forest
features. Given the high signal-to-noise of the spectrum, it is finally worth noting that
there is no evidence of a spectroscopic ``blend" with a lower-redshift
object along the line of sight. Such contamination would have appeared in the form
of absorption or emission features corresponding to an additional, lower redshift
\citep[see, e.g., Figure 5 of][]{siana2015}.

\subsection{Multi-wavelength Morphology}
\label{sec:results-morph}

Q1549-C25 is the only galaxy in our LRIS LyC sample with a significant
LyC detection for which multi-wavelength {\it HST} imaging also exists.
Figure~\ref{fig:c25-panelfig} shows
ground-based $V$-band, along with {\it HST} $U_{336}V_{606}J_{125}H_{160}$
imaging. In contrast to the majority of $z\sim 3$ apparent sources of LyC
emission \citep{vanzella2012,mostardi2015,siana2015},
Q1549-C25 consists of a single source of emission at {\it HST} resolution, with no nearby sources of potential
contamination to the LRIS spectrum. The closest source to Q1549-25 is at a radial
separation of 1\secpoint3 in the southern direction, well outside the LRIS slit,
significantly fainter than Q1549-C25 at all wavelengths, and undetected in $U_{336}$.
Although there are two apparent positive fluctuations at separations of
0\secpoint5--0\secpoint6 from Q1549-C25 in the $H_{160}$ image (one of which also corresponds
to a positive fluctuation in the $J_{125}$ image), these are not significant
and have no counterparts in $U_{336}$ or $V_{606}$.
\citet{mostardi2015} performed a detailed analysis of the multi-wavelength morphologies
and photometry of 16 LBGs in the HS1549+1919 field covered by
$U_{336}V_{606}J_{125}H_{160}$ imaging, using the
$V_{606}$ image for detecting objects and defining isophotes with {\it SExtractor}
\citep{bertin1996}. In this analysis, Q1549-C25 was described by a single
segment, with uniform morphology in $V_{606}$, $J_{125}$, and $H_{160}$, and classified
as ``uncontaminated."

The $U_{336}$ filter provides a clean probe of the LyC spectral region at $z=3.15$,
and therefore a potential window on the morphology of escaping LyC emission.
However, as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:c25-panelfig}, Q1549-C25 is undetected in $U_{336}$.
This non-detection is entirely consistent with the spectroscopic detection of LyC
emission, given the depth of the $U_{336}$ image. Using an isophote defined by $V_{606}$,
we measure a 3$\sigma$ upper limit of $m_{336}=26.80$, consistent with the LRIS LyC detection,
based on the assumption of a flat spectrum between rest-frame $880-910$\AA\ and the effective rest
wavelength of the F336W filter, i.e., 808\AA\ (which is the most optimistic case, given
the likely increased IGM attenuation at shorter wavelengths).

\subsection{Stellar Population Modeling}
\label{sec:results-sed}
We used the \citet{bruzual2003} population synthesis code to
model the spectral energy distribution (SED) of Q1549-C25,
characterizing its stellar population and dust content.
For such modeling, we fit ground-based
$G$, ${\cal R}$, $J_1$, $J_2$, $J_3$, $H_{short}$, along with
{\it HST} $V_{606}$, $J_{125}$, and $H_{160}$ and {\it Spitzer}/IRAC channel 2,
correcting $G$ and $V_{606}$ beforehand
for the contribution from Ly$\alpha$ emission ($W_{Ly\alpha,0}=15$\AA),
and $K_s$ for the combined contribution of [OIII] and H$\beta$ ($W_{(\mbox{[OIII]+H}\beta),0}=256$\AA).
Based on a constant star formation (CSF), solar-metallicity model,
Chabrier IMF, and \citet{calzetti2000} extinction curve,
we find $E(B-V)=0.0^{+0.0}_{-0.0}$,
Age$=1.3^{+0.5}_{-0.4}$~Gyr, SFR=$6^{+0}_{-1}\mbox{ }M_{\odot}\mbox{ yr}^{-1}$, and
$M_*=7.9^{+2.5}_{-2.3}\times10^9 M_{\odot}$, where parameter confidence intervals reflect
the photometric uncertainties.\footnote{91\% of Monte Carlo realizations of the best-fit
model yielded $E(B-V)=0$.} Assuming an exponentially-rising star-formation
history yields very similar best-fit parameters. Figure~\ref{fig:c25-sedplot}
shows the SED of Q1549-C25, along with the best-fit CSF model.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{f4.pdf}
\caption{Observed and best-fit model SEDs for Q1549-C25. $G$ and $V_{606}$
have been corrected for  Ly$\alpha$ emission, while $K_s$ has been corrected
for emission from [OIII]$\lambda 5007$ and H$\beta$.  The parameters
for the best-fit CSF model are indicated in the legend.
}
\label{fig:c25-sedplot}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:discussion}

\subsection{The LyC Escape Fraction}
\label{sec:discussion-fesc}

\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{f5.pdf}
\caption{ Distribution of $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$ for Q1549-C25.
$f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$ is estimated  based on the observed $f_{900}/f_{1500}$,
an assumed intrinsic ratio, $L_{900}/L_{1500}=0.20$, and 1000 simulated realizations
of IGM+CGM transmission in the LyC region at $z=3.15$. In each panel, black
symbols result from assuming no measurement uncertainty in $f_{900}/f_{1500}$, while
blue ones assume the observed error of 0.02. Values of $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC}) > 10$
(i.e., resulting from low $t_{IGM}$) have been fixed at 10, and
$f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})=1$ is indicated as a vertical dotted line.
{\bf Left:} Histogram of $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$ for Q1549-C25.
$f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})\leq 1$ corresponds to 45\% of the realizations.
{\bf Right:} Joint distribution of $t_{IGM}$ vs. $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$.
With the assumption of no error bar in $f_{900}/f_{1500}$, there is a one-to-one relation
between $t_{IGM}$ and $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$.
}
\label{fig:fescdistfigs}
\end{figure*}

We can estimate the LyC escape fraction of Q1549-C25 based
on the observed LyC to non-ionizing UV flux-density ratio, $f_{900}/f_{1500}$,
the intrinsic luminosity-density ratio, $L_{900}/L_{1500}$, and the IGM
transmission factor, $t_{IGM}$. The escape fraction is typically quoted
in both {\it relative} and {\it absolute} terms. The relative escape
fraction, $f_{\mbox{esc,rel}}(\mbox{LyC})$ is a measure of how the observed
$f_{900}/f_{1500}$ ratio (corrected for IGM absorption) compares to the
theoretical one, while the absolute escape fraction, $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$,
is simply the ratio of the escaping to intrinsic LyC luminosity density. In terms
of the quantities described above, we define $f_{\mbox{esc,rel}}(\mbox{LyC})$
as:

\begin{equation}
f_{\mbox{esc,rel}}(\mbox{LyC})=\frac{(f_{900}/f_{1500})}{(L_{900}/L_{1500})t_{IGM}}
\label{eq:fescrel}
\end{equation}

The absolute escape fraction is defined as:

\begin{equation}
f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})=f_{\mbox{esc,rel}}(\mbox{LyC})\times f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{1500})
\label{eq:fescdef}
\end{equation}

where $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{1500})$ refers to the absolute escape fraction at $1500$\AA,
modulated by dust attenuation. Since $E(B-V)=0$ for Q1549-C25, $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{1500})=1$,
and $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC}) = f_{\mbox{esc,rel}}(\mbox{LyC})$. Therefore,
equation~\ref{eq:fescrel} can be rewritten as:

\begin{equation}
f_{900}/f_{1500} = f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})(L_{900}/L_{1500})t_{IGM}
\label{eq:f900f1500}
\end{equation}

Our measurement of $f_{900}/f_{1500}=0.08\pm 0.02$ constrains
the quantity, $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})(L_{900}/L_{1500})t_{IGM}$.
A precise estimate of $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$ is not possible, given
the uncertainties in $t_{IGM}$ for a single $z=3.15$ sightline \citep{vanzella2016},
and, to a lesser extent, $L_{900}/L_{1500}$. However, based on reasonable
assumptions, we can place rough constraints on $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$.

In order to investigate constraints on $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$, we generated 1000
model $z=3.15$ sightlines simulating the distribution of H~I absorbers in both the IGM
and circumgalactic medium (CGM), the latter reflecting the the enhancement in intergalactic H~I absorption
in the vicinity of high-redshift star-forming galaxies.
The absorber distributions were based on observations from
\citet{rudie2012} and \citet{rudie2013}, and are described in more detail in
Steidel et al. (in prep). For each model sightline, we calculated the average
transmission factor, $t_{IGM}$, over the rest wavelength range, $880-910$\AA.
We also considered the intrinsic luminosity-density ratio, $L_{900}/L_{1500}$,
with $L_{900}$ and $L_{1500}$ defined in units of $\mbox{ergs s}^{-1}\mbox {Hz}^{-1}$.
For an age of $\sim 1$~Gyr, solar-metallicity
CSF models predict $L_{900}/L_{1500}$ ranging from $0.14-0.25$
\citep{bruzual2003,siana2007,stanway2016}.
Larger values are possible for lower metallicities
or different assumptions regarding massive stellar evolution. We adopted $L_{900}/L_{1500}=0.20$ as a fiducial value.

Based on the ensemble of simulated $z=3.15$ sightlines, the measurement and uncertainty
in $f_{900}/f_{1500}$, and the assumed value of $L_{900}/L_{1500}=0.20$, we calculated
the distribution of $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$ (Figure~\ref{fig:fescdistfigs}, left,
blue shaded histogram). We find that slightly less than half (45\%) of the
distribution of $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$
is at $\leq 1$, and 95\% of the distribution is at $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC}) \geq 0.51$.
The results are very similar if, instead of assuming $L_{900}/L_{1500}=0.20$,
we randomly draw $L_{900}/L_{1500}$ values uniformly between 0.14 and 0.25.
It is also useful to visualize the inverse relationship between $t_{IGM}$ and $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$,
given $f_{900}/f_{1500}$ and $L_{900}/L_{1500}$ (Figure~\ref{fig:fescdistfigs}, right).
With no measurement error (black points), a requirement of $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC}) \leq 1$
translates into an IGM transmission factor of $t_{IGM} \geq 0.40$, which is higher
than the average at $z=3.15$. Scatter is introduced into the $t_{IGM}$ vs. $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$
relationship by the measurement uncertainty in $f_{900}/f_{1500}$ (blue points), yet the requirement
of $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC}) \leq 1$ implies a mean transmission of $\langle t_{IGM} \rangle=0.519$,
which is significantly higher
than through a random $z=3.15$ sightline ($\langle t_{IGM}(z=3.15) \rangle = 0.339$).

\subsection{A Comparison of Q1549-C25 and {\it Ion2}}
\label{sec:discussion-c25comp}

The only other $z\sim 3$ galaxy with a direct spectroscopic detection of uncontaminated
LyC emission is {\it Ion2} at $z=3.21$ \citep{debarros2016,vanzella2016}. It is therefore
useful to compare the properties of {\it Ion2} and Q1549-C25.
In terms of the escape of LyC emission, {\it Ion2} appears more extreme than Q1549-C25.
\citet{debarros2016} report $f_{900}/f_{1500}=0.11$ ($\mbox{S/N}\sim 5$)
for {\it Ion2}.
Using the same IGM+CGM model tuned to $z=3.2$, and the same assumed value for $L_{900}/L_{1500}$,
we find that 95\% of the distribution of $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$ is at $\geq 0.79$ for
{\it Ion2}. {\it Ion2}, like Q1549-C25, is characterized by negligible dust extinction,
and therefore  $f_{\mbox{esc,rel}}(\mbox{LyC})= f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$.
\citet{debarros2016} report a significantly lower escape fraction for {\it Ion2}
($f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})=0.64\pm 0.1$), but assume
a more transparent model for IGM opacity \citep{inoue2014}, and $L_{900}/L_{1500}=1/3$.
Regardless of the particular IGM model assumed, both sources are characterized
by significantly higher $f_{900}/f_{1500}$ values and $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$  distributions
than average at $z\sim 3$ (Steidel et al., in prep), suggesting large variations in these quantities
among high-redshift star-forming galaxies.

Along with a higher $f_{900}/f_{1500}$, {\it Ion2} also has significantly larger
rest-frame Ly$\alpha$ and [OIII]$\lambda 5007$ emission equivalent widths than Q1549-C25,
with  $W_{Ly\alpha,0}=94$~\AA\ and $W_{\mbox{[OIII]},0}=1500$~\AA.
In addition, no low-ionization metal absorption lines are detected in the rest-UV spectrum
of {\it Ion2}, suggesting a lower covering fraction of neutral gas than the spectrum
of Q1549-C25, in which several low-ionization lines are detected. Finally,
the Ly$\alpha$ profile of {\it Ion2} is double-peaked, with the centroid of the blue peak
coinciding with the galaxy systemic redshift. Comparing this profile with Ly$\alpha$
radiative transfer models, \citet{debarros2016} cite it as evidence for a low neutral
gas column density. The Ly$\alpha$ profile of Q1549-C25 on the other hand is described by a single
peak (at a resolution of $R\sim 1400$, higher than that of the VLT/VIMOS
spectrum of {\it Ion2}), which is redshifted by $500\mbox{ km s}^{-1}$
relative to the interstellar absorption lines, and $250\mbox{ km s}^{-1}$
with respect to the systemic redshift. The large-scale outflow in Q1549-C25, reflected
by the offsets of Ly$\alpha$ and interstellar
absorption redshifts \citep{shapley2003} relative to systemic, may yield a porous ISM whose gaps
provide escape routes for LyC photons.

As stated above, the stellar population fits for both galaxies imply $E(B-V)\sim0$,
which is conducive to the escape of LyC radiation, and SFRs and stellar masses
lower than the median for ${\cal R}\leq25.5$ LBGs ($\mbox{SFR }=6M_{\odot}\mbox{ yr}^{-1}$
and $M_*=7.9\times10^{9}M_{\odot}$ for Q1549-C25, and $\mbox{SFR }=16M_{\odot}\mbox{ yr}^{-1}$
and $M_*=3.2\times10^{9}M_{\odot}$ for {\it Ion2}).
The best-fit age for Q1549-C25 is $\sim 1$~Gyr,
while it is 400~Myr for {\it Ion2}. Both of these are older than the median CSF age
derived for LBGs \citep{kornei2010}, which is notable, given that the intrinsic ratio of
LyC to non-ionizing UV luminosity density, $L_{900}/L_{1500}$, is highest
at young ages ($\leq 10$~Myr) and declines to a minimum value at ages $>300$~Myr
\citep[assuming continuous star formation;][]{siana2007}. \citet{mostardi2015}
present photometric evidence that the galaxy, Q1549-MD5b is leaking LyC radiation, and
described by an age of only 50~Myr. Accordingly, LyC leakage appears to occur
over a wide range in galaxy age.

\subsection{Outlook}
\label{sec:discussion-outlook}
The direct and uncontaminated spectroscopic detection of LyC emission has
now been achieved for two galaxies at $z\sim 3$. Based on reasonable assumptions,
both sources suggest high escape fractions ($\gtrsim0.5$), though the constraints
on $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$ are not precise. Both sources are characterized
by negligible dust extinction and strong Ly$\alpha$ emission, and, contrary to
simple expectations, stellar population ages older than the median for $z\sim3$ LBGs.
In order to make progress on estimating the typical LyC escape fraction at $z\sim 3$ and during the epoch
of reionization, we now require an order-of-magnitude larger sample of galaxies with
clean detections of LyC emission. With such a sample, averaged over many sightlines,
the constraints on the mean IGM transmission and therefore $f_{\mbox{esc}}(\mbox{LyC})$
will be much stronger. Our survey
of LBGs with deep LRIS spectroscopy of the LyC region has yielded 13 galaxies,
including Q1549-C25, with apparent spectroscopic detections of LyC and no evidence of blending
from lower-redshift interlopers.
Observations at the spatial resolution of {\it HST} will enable us to rule out possible contamination
and characterize the global contribution of star-forming galaxies at $z\geq 3$
to the ionizing background.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
We thank the anonymous referee for a constructive report.
CCS acknowledges support from NSF grants AST-0908805 and AST-1313472.
AES acknowledges support from the David \& Lucile Packard Foundation.
NAR is supported by an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship.
We wish to extend special thanks to those of Hawaiian ancestry on
whose sacred mountain we are privileged to be guests. Without their generous hospitality, most
of the observations presented herein would not have been possible.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Sponsors wanted to examine & present new Palestinian textbooks
Center for Near East Policy Research - July 11, 2018
Israel, Jews and Peace in the New PA Textbooks Used in UNRWA Schools Today – Final Study
ישראל, היהודים והשלום בספרי הלימוד החדשים של הרש"פ מחקר סופי –בשימוש בבתיה"ס של אונר"א היום
ספרי הלימוד של הרשות הפלסטינית: ההתייחסות ליהודים, לישראל ולשלום
Items Taken from the New PA Schoolbooks used in UNRWA schools, August 2017
An Investigation: Humanitarian aid to the Palestinian Authority: Embezzled For Personal Gain
David Bedein - January 12, 2017
Executive Summary When Mahmoud Abbas stood in front of the Seventh Fatah Congress on Nov. 29, 2016, he faced an immediate challenge – that of retaining his rule amid increased criticism within the ruling Fatah...
The UNRWA Reform Initiative (U.R.I.)
David Bedein - December 9, 2016
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) serves five million descendants of the Arab refugees from the 1948 Arab-Israeli War of Independence, who still subsist in refugee conditions, under the premise of the "right...
Synagogues:Sponsor an arsoned family with total loss
Mass arson swept through Israel in November, 2016 , leaving 566 families whose homes were completely destroyed That arson has disappeared from any news coverage, anywhere, leaving people to assume that people who lost their...
DURING THE PAPAL VISIT TO BETHLEHEM, THE POPE SAID NOTHING ABOUT THE SUFFERING OF...
Center for Near East Policy Research - August 28, 2016
HERE ARE A FEW PIECES FILED ON THAT SUBJECT FOR THE PHILADELPHIA BULLETIN, A NEWSPAPER THAT CEASED PUBLICATION IN 2010 Bethlehem Churches Bear Brunt Of Religious Hatred By: David Bedein Jan 9 2008 http://israelbehindthenews.com/bin/content.cgi?ID=318&q=2 Tense Relations Between Christians And...
Confronting Human Rights Abuses in the Palestinian Authority: An Essential Step for Progress in...
Bassem Eid - May 18, 2016
Introduction The condition of Palestinian human rights is one that has been of considerable concern to international observers and policymakers. The protection and safeguarding of the fundamental rights of Palestinians is a matter that not...
US gov't fabrication: that PA/UNRWA school books meet standards of peace education
David Bedein - March 25, 2016
1. Last July, our agency met with U.S. State Dept officials who supervise school books for the PA and UNRWA, who assured us that new PA/UNRWA school books will now reflect principles of peace,...
Power Point: The Next Intifada
Jonathan D. HaLevi - October 4, 2015
Download: The Next Intifada
Arab Bank Convicted as Hamas Supporter
Center for Near East Policy Research - September 24, 2014
A leading Middle East financial institution, liable to huge damages, has been deemed a supporter of Hamas. In an unprecedented verdict, a federal court jury in New York found the Arab Bank liable for financing...
Qatar's Support of Hamas and Jihadist Forces in the Middle East
http://jcpa.org/article/qatars-support-of-hamas-jihadist-forces/#sthash.dk14HQuF.dpuf Vol. 14, No. 30 September 23, 2014 Qatar is unquestionably engaged in international terrorist financing. According to the U.S. Treasury's division for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, "Qatar, a longtime U.S. ally, has...
Hamas Policy after Operation "Protective Edge"
Jonathan D. Halevi - September 19, 2014
http://jcpa.org/article/hamas-policy/ Vol. 14, No. 29 September 18, 2014 Hamas leader Khaled Mashaal recently revealed Hamas' unfolding strategy in the wake of the Gaza war, particularly the use of the international system as an economic safety net...


Host Marlon Brando pretending to steal Bob Hope's Oscar, which he won for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his performance in "On the Waterfront." All Silver Gelatin prints are estate stamped and numbered. The lithograph prints are open edition and unsigned.


text:
		<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/bootstrap.min.css" />
		<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" />
		<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/yalms.css" />

		<form action="admin_editbook.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
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			PDF: <input type="file" name="pdf" id="pdf">

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text:
Chief Strategy OfficerMaisha Meds2021-10-26T02:58:08-08:00
Maisha Meds is hiring! We're looking for a visionary leader and stellar strategist to improve health care in Africa.
About Maisha Meds
Maisha Meds is an organization dedicated to improving health care in Africa. We began full-time operations in 2017 and over the past few years has grown to support over 2.5million patient encounters annually across Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Nigeria, and Zambia with our suite of software products. We are building the financial and technology infrastructure to enable global health funders to pay for health outcomes at the last mile, with a focus on malaria case management (and results from a RCT with UC Berkeley due out later this year), injectable contraceptives, prenatal care, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, and COVID testing and vaccination.
We use data from our point of sale software to design programs that leverage financial incentives to improve uptake of high impact health products. We measure our success by our ability to improve the quality and affordability of healthcare diagnosis, treatment, and prevention for low-income patients across Africa. And we work with a mix of leading global health funders, pharmaceutical companies, and ministries of health to make this happen.
We believe that our model has the potential to increase the transparency, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of healthcare programs in low-income countries by enabling global health funders to pay for results while leveraging debt and equity financing to help achieve scale. But building these programs will require a paradigm shift from larger global health funders. Achieving this will require us to:
Develop experimental proof-of-concepts with a variety of partners and scale those with most potential
Collaborate closely with groups like USAID, Global Fund, GAVI, UNFPA, and program-related investment teams to structure deals
Expand our data sales and medication e-commerce business units, with a goal of driving overall organizational sustainability
We are looking for a leader with experience in thought leadership, outcomes financing, and pharma business expansion who is keen to lead an interdisciplinary team focused on research, commercial viability, and global health funder engagement. This includes:
Lead global health strategy and business development, with a focus on paying for outcomes: You will help us to structure results-based financing deals to help pay for healthcare outcomes for millions of patients. This work will include:
Helping us structure results-based financing contracts with large-scale global health funders, including understanding whether to partner or build an outcomes fund in-house and closing deals worth upwards of $25M annually within the next 2 years
Working with research and operations team to build A/B testing framework to help design programs cost-effectively for new geographies
Leading dissemination activities to build norms around paying for outcomes, including developing the evidence base to help multilateral funders build outcomes financing into their core budgets and replenishment requests
Lead commercial strategy and revenue activities: You will own the P&L and strategy for our e-commerce business (currently profitable with $2mil+ in annualized revenue) and our data sales business (with line of site to $1mil+ in commercial contracts annually to fund pharmacy network expansion), help us decide how to focus these efforts going forward, including optimal business structure and targets. This may also include a capital raise or sale of self-sufficient business units to help us focus further. This will include:
Work with our head of new business to "productize" our data insights operations. Build systems to achieve subscriptions and recurring revenue and deepen our value proposition with manufacturers and wholesalers
Oversee the new GM of our reorder business to strengthen our value proposition with pharmacies, including developing trade finance partnerships and standardizing marketing activities; recommend whether to spin this off and/or how we might design a joint venture with a commercial partner
Work with CEO to structure financing to enable us to be smarter with funds than we are currently – we now use grant funding for our entire business, but may raise debt or equity to fund our expansion (depending on revenue and CAC / LTV projections)
Oversee external communications, research activities, and scale partnerships: You will be responsible for external messaging; engagement with healthcare and economics researchers; and partnerships development with healthcare and technology providers to enable us to deliver on the promise of scale with this model. This will include:
Leading engagement with UChicago's Development Innovation Lab, UC Berkeley, KEMRI, and other partners to answer questions related to healthcare delivery, incentives design, and market intelligence
Developing scale partnerships in Uganda, Nigeria, and elsewhere to enable claims processing and incentive delivery at scale, with a goal of building a network of 100,000 health facilities using our software in 5 years
Overseeing communications manager to provide regular compelling touchpoints for conveying information about us externally
We are seeking exceptional professionals with 8+ years of senior management experience in a fast-growing organization and deep health sector experience. Our ideal candidate will have the following:
Deep passion for healthcare delivery and strong alignment with our vision and mission
Record of building funding partnerships and innovative finance models with governments, multilateral funders, and private foundations
Experience and comfort owning a P&L and strategy for profitable pharma business units
Creativity with strong problem-solving and analytical skills
Record of impactful thought leadership and advocacy to improve healthcare delivery
Experience in a fast-paced entrepreneurial setting and/or in management consulting
Humility and personal stability. We are looking for passionate professionals that combine strong leadership skills with humor and patience
Interest in serving as inspiring leader in a dynamic, multicultural, and values-based environment
Advanced degree (Master's or Doctoral), preferably in public policy, economics, public administration, business, medicine, or public health.
We would prefer to have you based in East Africa, but are also open to Washington DC or London as well.
Tell me more about Maisha Meds
On a roll: Doubling year over year with new funding partnerships soon to be announced and recent expansion into Uganda, Nigeria, and Ethiopia
Great team: Founded, managed and backed by successful veterans of Stanford School of Medicine, Google, mPharma, I&M Bank. We have technologists, clinicians, and economists working side by side to solve difficult problems.
Great funders: We're backed by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, USAID Development Innovation Ventures, CIFF, WHO FIND, and Pfizer to pay for healthcare on behalf of patients, with others to be announced soon.
Huge market: Disrupting a massive, growing $50+ billion market for healthcare payments for low-income patients, with a focus on paying for health outcomes to ensure patients get better.
Great customers: Create incentives that ensure our nurses, pharmacists, and clinicians provide excellent care and pay them when this happens.
Impact: A fun and exciting start-up culture that empowers its people to make a huge impact.
We offer competitive salary and benefits, including health insurance, 401(k) / pension, stock options, and sponsorship for work visas in Kenya.
hello@maishameds.org
Copyright 2020 © Maisha Meds. All rights reserved.


For a limited time you save 15% to 40% on all We R Memory Keepers products! Everything We R (from paper collections to bestselling tools) is on sale! These great discounts can't last forever and are subject to expire at any time, so shop early for BIG SAVINGS and the best selection!


WHAT: A march in protest of police brutality and racism. Hundreds of demonstrators gathered in front of City Hall on Saturday before marching along Queen Street West and up Yonge Street, chanting "Black lives matter" and "No justice, no peace, no racist police," and holding up signs displaying similar messages. The march came to a halt at Dundas Street, where the protestors laid themselves down for 4.5 minutes—a gesture meant to symbolize the 4.5 hours Michael Brown's body was left on a Ferguson, Missouri, road after he was shot and killed by police.


Do you want to add a sense of style, sophistication and ambience to your bedroom space but are not sure how to accomplish it? Do you have a bedroom that would benefit from the addition of a gorgeous, functional piece of furniture? Are your kids having a hard time keeping their room organized? Are you looking for a reading bench for your bedroom and could really use a little more space for storing things? Well, if you answered yes to any of these questions, there is a solution just for you. Yep, you should consider getting bedroom benches with storage. Bedroom benches with storage have been popular for centuries. These bedroom benches with storage bring unparalleled grace and elegance to bedrooms with all types of decor. Whether you prefer rich upholstered bedroom storage benches or the more practical, but just as beautiful, storage benches, you can truly customize your space and add that needed touch without spending a lot of money or doing a complete remodel.
Bedroom benches with storage come in all shapes and sizes. They can be placed at the foot of your bed or in front of a window. These pieces of furniture are wonderful ways to store things that are not needed all of the time like blankets and linens. They can also be used to hold shoes or other articles of clothing that are worn only during certain seasons. Now, when considering your options, you need to take a few things into consideration. The first is what size do you need. How big is your room? The right size bench will flow perfectly with its surroundings. A bench that is too small will look odd and out of place. One that is too large will become an obstacle to get around and make your room look small as well. When considering size measure your space look at options and see what will fit the best with a piece of cardboard or other material to mimic the bench. If your bench is going in front of a window make sure you will like the height as well.
The next thing you need to consider is your decor. People often make the mistake of purchasing a piece of furniture that does not quite flow with its surrounding. Remember though, not all furniture in a room has to be the same exact style. Use your senses to make a decision. Sometimes furniture like benches do well at standing out a little bit in a room, while other times depending on the situation, a piece just needs to fit in and not be noticed or stand out. Remember that these are pieces of furniture and come in just about every style you could imagine, from all varieties of wood, to metal, or having cushions on top. The selection is nearly endless. The third thing to think about is what do you want the storage function to be. Do you just need a spot to store bed linens, or are you looking for more? Bedroom benches with storage take on many shapes, one bench that may house your linens, would not be what you want if you want to store shoes or boxes with old memories inside. Another function you may want is that this piece of furniture not only has enclosed storage, but may have display areas underneath the bench as well. The final area of consideration for function to think about is what kind of top do you need. Are you going to be sitting on it often, or do you want the beauty of solid wood or other material. If it is in front of a window consider a sitting style bench and if you will sit on it infrequently like for changing clothes a hard top will do just fine.
After deciding what is right for find what you need and incorporate it into your room and you will, without doubt be happy for having the function and beauty of bedroom benches with storage. The addition of a bedroom storage bench to your decor is also very affordable. Pricing usually starts out as low as $200. Of course, you can spend more than that depending on what style of bedroom storage bench you pick and what custom options you choose. No matter what piece you finally decide to purchase, you can be sure that your bedroom storage bench will become one of your most treasured possessions. You will probably decide your kids need one too!
Label: bedroom benches, storage benches, bedroom furniture, Bedroom storage, bedroom decor.


Recently a client asked me a very good question about how retailers look at businesses when they are considering buying your product.
Below is a snippet of the conversation.
Client Question: What kind of information do I need to give retailers so that they're assured that I'll be a good supplier to buy from? Is it info about where I'm manufacturing? Things like that?
Me: You're going to have to give everyone country of origin because it's a legal standard. As far as the factories, some retailers like QVC and Wal-Mart may want to do a factory inspection.
When it comes to, "are you going to be a good vendor?" one criteria is how responsive you are. The vendor paperwork that's filled out after they say yes we like your product is really long. It's ridiculously long because it's the vendor item setup forms, all the information about your product, the SKU #s, case pack quantities and UPC codes, thumbnail image, etc. Then there's the new vendor setup form which is separate than the item forms.
Many retailers will ask what % of your business they would be? It's dangerous if their account is your only one.
They want to make sure your vendor paperwork is getting filled out properly and that you understand vendor paperwork. So your sales rep will hopefully be able to help you with that. We work with that with clients. There are a lot of different pieces. It has to do also with an invisible confidence, which might sound a little strange but there's a confidence that comes with you and your sales reps knowing that you can deliver and that you're offer to them is good.
That is different and comes across. It has to do with how your paperwork gets submitted, the PowerPoints and how they were created, as well as what they look like, because if it looks like you know the drill and you know what information they need to make decisions than it presents you as savvy. It's when the item comes across without the needed information that you get branded as small time. Things like correct pricing, how many should be in each store or any sort of plan-o-gram image if that's needed.
Meaning, you have to show the layout of the product in the store. Maybe there's no display work when there really should be. Those kinds of things make a big difference in presenting you and your business in a really good light.
For example, Wal-Mart, won't even really look if the product isn't done and done well. When I say the product is done, I mean the packaging is right, if you're going to show them a display that there's a display that makes sense and that the information is correct. They aren't interested in investing their time, particularly in developing a product. So that's part of how they know you are ready to do business with them.
Me: So it's how you answer the questions and how the meeting gets handled. Then, if you're going to offer a guarantee or not it doesn't really matter. They'll tell you if they need you to do one. In regards to your vendor paperwork, some buyers are more understanding of a lot of questions, others don't want you to have to ask them anything. They just want to buy your product and move it.
Your vendor paperwork is very important and they'll send vendor paperwork even if you're going to do online sales only, like Target.com. They're still going to need item and vendor setups. Sometimes retail stores will use their websites to test your product before they take it in for a store order. That way they can see how great you were to work with for online and it lets them test how great you'll be to work with for in-store.
Client: That makes sense. That's a good entry for me anyway.
Me: Yes, especially for what you're doing it makes sense. Those are the signals they'll be watching for: how you answer the questions, the timeliness of paperwork and whether it's complete and sometimes it will be who your sales rep is and who made the introduction. It makes a difference. If they know you have good people around you that makes a huge difference, because it's reputation.
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text:
<?php
/**
 * User: Mario Giustiniani
 * Date: 25/12/13
 * Time: 21.09
 */

namespace Manticora\OAuthBundle\Command;

use Manticora\OAuthBundle\Model\ClientRoleableInterface;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Command\ContainerAwareCommand;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputArgument;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;

class CreateClientCommand extends ContainerAwareCommand
{
    protected function configure()
    {
        $this
            ->setName('manticora:oauth-server:client:create')
            ->setDescription('Creates a new client')
            ->addArgument('name', InputArgument::REQUIRED, 'Sets the client name', null)
            ->addOption('redirect-uri', null, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED | InputOption::VALUE_IS_ARRAY, 'Sets redirect uri for client. Use this option multiple times to set multiple redirect URIs.', null)
            ->addOption('grant-type', null, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED | InputOption::VALUE_IS_ARRAY, 'Sets allowed grant type for client. Use this option multiple times to set multiple grant types..', null)
            ->addOption('role', null, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED | InputOption::VALUE_IS_ARRAY, 'Sets role for client. Use this option multiple times to set multiple roles..', null)
            ->setHelp(<<<EOT
The <info>%command.name%</info>command creates a new client.

  <info>php %command.full_name% [--redirect-uri=...] [--grant-type=...] name</info>

EOT
        );
    }

    protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
    {

        // $this->getContainer()->get('security.context')->

        $clientManager = $this->getContainer()->get('fos_oauth_server.client_manager.default');
        $client = $clientManager->createClient();
        $client->setName($input->getArgument('name'));
        $client->setRedirectUris($input->getOption('redirect-uri'));
        $client->setAllowedGrantTypes($input->getOption('grant-type'));
        if($client instanceof ClientRoleableInterface) {
            $client->setRoles($input->getOption('role'));
        }

        $clientManager->updateClient($client);
        $output->writeln(sprintf('Added a new client with name <info>%s</info> and public id <info>%s</info>.', $client->getName(), $client->getPublicId()));
    }
}


Home » Topics » Myc the protein encoded by the MYC gene that activates the cell cycle » Research » Dose-Adjusted EPOCH-R Compared With R-CHOP as Frontline Therapy for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Clinical Outcomes of the Phase III Intergroup Trial Alliance/CALGB 50303.
Summary of "Dose-Adjusted EPOCH-R Compared With R-CHOP as Frontline Therapy for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Clinical Outcomes of the Phase III Intergroup Trial Alliance/CALGB 50303."
Alliance/CALGB 50303 (NCT00118209), an intergroup, phase III study, compared dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R) with standard rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) as frontline therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
A comparative study of induction chemotherapy with or without autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of newly diagnosed young medium/high risk diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients.
Treatment of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in Elderly Patients; Replacing Doxorubicin with either Epirubicin or Etoposide (VP-16).
VCAP-AMP-VECP as a preferable induction chemotherapy in transplant-eligible patients with aggressive adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma: a propensity score analysis.


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Aston Martin DB4 är en sportbil, tillverkad av den brittiska biltillverkaren Aston Martin mellan 1958 och 1963.

DB4

Astons nya bil presenterades på London Motor Show 1958. Det var en större och snabbare bil än företrädaren DB Mk III. Karossen ritades av Carrozzeria Touring och konstruerades enligt deras Superleggera-princip, men byggdes av Aston själva i Newport Pagnell. Motorn, konstruerad av Tadek Marek, hade testats i racervagnen DBR2. 1961 (med Series IV) introducerades en starkare Vantage-variant. 1962 (med Series V) modifierades karossen med ett rymligare bakparti och fronten från GT-modellen, vilket förebådade DB5. Med Series V introducerades också en cabriolet-kaross.

Tillverkningen uppgick till 1 185 exemplar.

DB4 GT

För den som tog bankörning på allvar presenterade Aston DB4 GT 1959. Med 130 mm kortare hjulbas och tunnare karosspaneler lyckades man sänka vikten med 80 kg. Fronten var mer aerodynamiskt utformad med inbyggda strålkastare. Motorn var försedd med tre Weber förgasare och dubbeltändning.

GT:n byggdes i 75 exemplar. Dessutom byggdes 14 st Vantage GT med GT-motorn i den vanliga DB4-karossen.

DB4 GT Zagato

 Se även Aston Martin DB4 GT Zagato.

1960 byggde Zagato 20 st vagnar på GT-chassit. Dessa var ytterligare 150 kg lättare än GT:n och hade än starkare motor.

Under den värsta superbils-hypen byggdes 4 nya bilar 1991, sanktionerade av Aston Martin och Zagato. De hade till och med egna chassinummer i originalserien. Bilarna hade DB4-chassin, uppgraderade enligt GT-specifikation och till viss del uppgraderade med moderna komponenter för att förbättra väghållningen. År 2000 byggdes ytterligare två sådana vagnar.

Flera Aston Martispecialister erbjuder i dag replikor så kallade "recreations" av DB4 GT Zagato byggda på original DB4-chassin som kortas till rätt längd och som förses med kopior av Zagatokarossen. Man använder DB4:ans vanliga motor som byggs om till GT-specifikation, fast med den skillnaden att cylindervolymen ökas till 4,2 liter. Övrig mekanik och elkomponenter hämtas även de från vanliga DB4. Bromsar och fjädring brukar dock vara av modernare snitt.

Varianter:

Källor
Aston Martin Heritage av Chris Nixon & Richard Newton, 1991.

Externa länkar

DB4
Bilar fomgivna av Bertone
Bakhjulsdrivna fordon

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