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Happenings at the CRC
Virtual Student Center
The Danceaturgy Archive
Director's Essay
Director's Essay
The Tenth Annual Creative Research Center Symposium on the Imagination
Days of Future Past: Lessons Learned on the Other Side of the Earth
As the world's population nears 9 billion, will we be able to save the natural ecosystems we depend upon for survival? Perhaps the key to humanity's future lies in our past.
Dr. Thomas in New Guinea with Kaijende Forest Stewards, an alpine ecosystem and conservation area.
Dr. Bill Thomas, former Director of the New Jersey School of Conservation and winner of the Lowell Thomas Award for Exploration has spent the past 30 years living with New Guinea's most remote societies, learning their secrets toward creating a healthy and biologically diverse environment — on the other side of the globe.
Dr. Thomas shares with our community the enduring knowledge he has gained in New Guinea — keys to sustainability from humanity's past that we can hopefully apply to our shared future.
Watch Dr. Thomas' inspiring talk and colorful travelogue now
A page from the December, 2009 "incubation journal" of Director Neil Baldwin, developing the concept of The Creative Research Center.
During the 2019-2020 Academic Year, the Creative Research Center commemorates its first decade of institutional life.
The Creative Research Center (CRC) is a born-digital, dynamic, nimble, open-source, collaborative space — a Web forum to stimulate, reinvigorate, promote and publicize "Very Large-Scale Conversations."
What we're focused on is creativity. 'Genius' is a state, but creativity is an activity: It's stuff you're doing."
Cecilia A. Conrad, Director of the Fellows Program, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
Since our pioneering launch in April 2010, the CRC has lived in the College of the Arts of Montclair State University; however, the arts are by no means the sole proprietors of imaginative thinking. The reason-for-being of the Creative Research Center is to inspire discussion of the imagination and creativity across all fields of knowledge. The environment of Montclair State as an aspirational public university is the ideal place to incubate such a Center.
I see the blog form moving into scholarship through more diary-like texts. There is also a more European-influenced urge to write speculative scholarly essays or meditations with minimal footnotes and apparatus.
Douglas Armato, Director, University of Minnesota Press, The Future of Scholarly Publishing, a symposium, Chronicle of Higher Education, June 12, 2009.
The CRC continues to be energized by curatorial, editorial and outreach intentions to break down the so-called "silos" among academic colleges, departments and programs. Outside our familiar academic culture lies a vast and endangered world. Daily occurrences on the big stages of our overstressed society and natural environment effect – in ways writ large and small – the way men and women in the post-9/11 millennial generation live their lives.
The first challenge of the new CRC was to spark engaged, interactive (and intergenerational) discourse, crossing over academic boundaries to address real-world issues. The first great American trans-disciplinary (transcendental) thinker, Ralph Waldo Emerson, said it well, back in 1862: "It is impossible to extricate oneself from the questions in which your age is involved. You can no more keep out of politics than you can keep out of the frost."
The CRC encourages communication across the permeable membrane between public and private worlds and spheres; and explores the impact of large contexts upon the intimate content of our thoughts and character, no matter what intellectual and imaginative roads are pursued.
This year, borrowing (with admiration) a provocative question posed by the Museum of Modern Art, the CRC is likewise asking, "What happens at the intersection of precise knowledge with infinite possibility?" We are going to explore the revival of "The Long Form" as a way of expression in our "tweeting" world. We are going to encourage the intelligences of University faculty doing new work to think of our site as a blank canvas existing for the exercise of their imaginations.


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Edward F. Gotschall, 30, of Irvine has...
Edward F. Gotschall, 30, of Irvine has been hired as senior vice president and corporate controller at Pacific Savings Bank in Costa Mesa, and Paul Tuan, 41, of Cerritos has joined the S&L; as vice president and chief planning officer, a new position. Gotschall had been vice president and controller of Security Pacific International Finance Inc. in San Diego. He replaces Roy Painter, who resigned. Tuan was a vice president of planning at First Interstate Bank in Los Angeles.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After the successful experience of Graz 2015, once again, the 9th European Stainless Steel Conference Science & Market and the 5th European Duplex Stainless Steel Conference & Exhibition will be jointly organized, as a single event, by AIM, the Italian Association for Metallurgy.
academia and will compare the present and future needs to satisfy these demands now or in the future.
Short and medium term perspectives of European stainless steel fl at and long products will be widely discussed during the Stainless Steel Market Outlook session.
THE ONLINE REGISTRATION IS CLOSED. IT IS POSSIBLE TO REGISTER DIRECTLY ON-SITE AT THE REGISTRATION DESK IN BERGAMO.


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Q: Edit / Delete table options I have a table that has Edit and Delete links in each row.  I am supposed to be able to click either Edit or Delete and it would do it.  The edit link works but the delete has this error:
Deleting is not supported by data source 'SqlDataSource1' unless DeleteCommand is specified.
My tables data source is sqlDataSource1.
    <asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server"
    <asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server"
        ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:PayrollSystem_DBConnectionString %>"
        ProviderName="<%$ ConnectionStrings:PayrollSystem_DBConnectionString.ProviderName %>"
        SelectCommand="SELECT [UserID], [UserName], [UserPassword], [SecurityLevel] FROM [tblUserLogin]">
    </asp:SqlDataSource>

    <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Manage Users"></asp:Label>

    <asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text="User Name:"></asp:Label>
    <asp:TextBox ID="txtUserName" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

    <asp:Label ID="Label3" runat="server" Text="Password:"></asp:Label>
    <asp:TextBox ID="txtPassword" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

            <asp:Label ID="Label4" runat="server" Text="Security Level:"></asp:Label>
            <asp:DropDownList ID="drpdwnlstSecurityLevel" runat="server"
                onselectedindexchanged="drpdwnlstSecurityLevel_SelectedIndexChanged">
                <asp:ListItem>A</asp:ListItem>
                <asp:ListItem>U</asp:ListItem>
            </asp:DropDownList>

            <asp:Button ID="btnAddUser" runat="server" onclick="btnAddUser_Click1"
    Text="Add User" />

            <asp:Label ID="lblError" runat="server"></asp:Label>

<asp:GridView ID="tblUserLogin" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False"
    DataSourceID="AccessDataSource1">
    <Columns>
        <asp:BoundField DataField="UserID" HeaderText="UserID" InsertVisible="False"
            SortExpression="UserID"></asp:BoundField>
        <asp:BoundField DataField="UserName" HeaderText="UserName"
            SortExpression="UserName"></asp:BoundField>
        <asp:BoundField DataField="UserPassword" HeaderText="UserPassword"
            SortExpression="UserPassword"></asp:BoundField>
        <asp:BoundField DataField="SecurityLevel" HeaderText="SecurityLevel"
            SortExpression="SecurityLevel"></asp:BoundField>
        <asp:CommandField ShowEditButton="True"></asp:CommandField>
        <asp:CommandField ShowDeleteButton="True"></asp:CommandField>

    </Columns>
</asp:GridView>
                </form>

A: The table doesn't have a primary key, that's why you could not autogenerate the update and delete statments.
It's probably something like this:
<asp:SqlDataSource
    id="AccessDataSource1"
    runat="server"
    DataSourceMode="DataSet"
    ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:PayrollSystem_DBConnectionString %>"
    SelectCommand="SELECT [UserID], [UserName], [UserPassword], [SecurityLevel] FROM tblUserLogin"
    DeleteCommand="DELETE FROM [tblUserLogin] WHERE UserID=@UserID">
 <DeleteParameters>
    <asp:Parameter Name="UserID" Type="Int32" />
 </DeleteParameters>

</asp:SqlDataSource>

You have to add a DeleteCommand to your SqlDataSource. Of course you have to change the ConnectionString and the tableNames. In your DataGridView you have a CommandField to show the DeleteButton. That's why your SqlDataSource requires a DeleteCommand.
If you want to do it by the wizard, you can configure the SqlDataSource by clicking on the little arrow on top right. Under advanced options you can generate insert, update and delete commands, because you probably need them as well.
There is a nice tutorial about SqlDataSource

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home ECONOMICS THE EFFECTS OF TAX EVASION AND AVOIDANCE ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
THE EFFECTS OF TAX EVASION AND AVOIDANCE ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
This research project is a very crucial study on the effects on tax evasion and avoidance on Nigeria economy. To solve the research problem, both primary and secondary data were collected. The research instrument used in collecting the data was questionnaires and oral interview. Other forms of data collection were also consultation of relevant texts.
In the conclusion of this research work, we can see that the problems of tax administration cannot be over looked that the government should as a matter of necessity provide the necessary facilities needed for administration of tax as well as employ more qualified tax officials.
A well organized society, say a country or a state government owes some fundamental obligations to the people it governs. These obligations are in the forms of provisions of basic social amenities such good roads, health, security of lives and properties, shelter, good water etc.
The citizens on there own part owe the government by making equitable contribution in the form of levy on tax. It is against these background that government levy taxes on its citizenry to pursue the above stated objectives it owns to the people.
"Tax according to C. S. Ola is defined as:
"non punitive yet compulsory levy on the income and properties of individuals and organizations by government and which it does not account for, the proceeds from the levy on trade the government uses to pursue the accomplishment of some social, economic and political objective in the interest of it's citizens"
However, another school of thought maintain that though tax is non-punitive but compulsory an efforts should be made to pay as little possible with the frame work of the law thus engaging in legal tax evasion. Thus has led us on one of the most universal social malice effecting the proper administration of government at various levels.
This tax evasion and avoidance which is the subject matter of this work. The acid rest of an efficient government is its ability to generate sufficient revenue to finance its enormous expenditure, and all things being equal tax should be in the forefront in government revenue generation, but on the contrary tax has always contributed miserly to government revenue. Undoubtedly there has been the after math of excessive tax evasion.
Empirical evidence have shown that the unco-operative and unprogressive attitude of our citizenry towards tax payment result in major financial problems of government.
Obviously it is an agreed fact, that payment of taxes is among the basic things needed for the survival of any society. In a State such as Enugu the need for an effective tax assessment and collection cannot be over-emphasized.
The government is at a major transitory strategy her quest for industrialization and provision of amenities for her citizens.
The hall mark of technological advancement, economic growth, social satisfaction, the people's needs and value to the society center exclusively by within the ambit of taxation. Also the increasing impact government is making in Economic development is such that it requires substantial financial assistance from every individual in the society.
This phenomenon therefore presupposes a qualitative and practical approach to a good system of base administration and collection. Admittedly, negative attitudes of the populace especially in the payment of tax have resulted in tax evasion and tax avoidance. Tax evasion is capable of pulling down a well organized government.
Again on this background, it is the considered intention of the researcher to verify and ascertain to what extent tax evasion exist in Enugu State and its impact on the totally generated tax revenue.
1.1 background of the study:
"A Tax is a compulsory exaction of money by a public authority for public purposes".
Taxation is raising money for the purpose of government by means of contribution from individual persons", a tax signifies an exaction for the support of the government and the Supreme Court said of tax in Nicholas US Anaes that "the one power upon which the whole national fabric is based, it is necessary to the existence and property of a nation and is in the air he breathes for the natural men.
It is not only the power to destroy; it is also the power to keep alive.
According to Eddy C. Ndekwu, in his book tax structure and administration in Nigeria "Increased tax was first introduced in Nigeria in 1904 by late Lord Lugard when tax became operative in the Northern Nigeria. At this time, taxes were paid in kind. The first ordinance on tax was in 1912 and this applied to both the Northern region in 1928. In 1929, 2 percent flat rate income tax was imposed for both salary and wage earner. This continued until 1939 when the Companies Income Tax Ordinance (CITO) was enacted. As a result of the lapses in (CITO) the Nigerian Income Tax Ordinance was enacted in 1940.
In 1961, a major landmark was reached in tax development in Nigeria. Two tax laws were passed which transformed tax administration in Nigeria, they are:
1) Income Tax Management Act (ITMA)
2) Companies Income Tax Act (CITA) a petroleum profit ordinance was passed in 1959 for the purpose of regulating the taxation of companies engaged in petroleum exploration and mining in Nigeria.
From then onwards, research work by various authors and experts have been done on Tax. It has to be observed here that a great deal of research done had concentrated on tax structure and administration. Not much effort was devoted to the crucial aspect of tax evasion and its attendant effects government revenue. Tax evasion involves a deliberate dishonesty on the part of a tax payer by failing to comply with duties of discourse to the Inland Revenue.
Tax evasion is quite different from tax ordinance tax avoidance generally refers to a legitimate exploitation of tax legislation so as to pay less than is equitable. Some notable Nigerians have in the recent past attempted to address the issue of tax evasion. Ajibola .O. wrote in the Business Time of 1984 on "Decree to curb tax evaders Soon". The write up critically analyses the negative effects of tax evasion and how it can be curbed.
Again, in Business times of February 20th 1984, Oluruleke A.P. cried out that "Firms falsify Records to invade taxes another work, he called for tax returns in Nigeria – "Taxation in Nigeria, prospects for Reforms" and in his paper published daily times of September 21 1985, he listed the causes of tax evasion.
Dr. C. S. Ola in his book "Income tax law for corporate and incorporated bodies in Nigeria, listed a number of cases where issues of tax avoidance were tried in law courts. It is nevertheless generally accepted by most people that a tax-payer is entitled to be astute to prevent so far as he honestly can, the depletion of his means by tax.
Mezie F. was being practical when he said in debate US commission of Lajeation that "It is perhaps inevitable in an acquisitive society that taxation is regards as a burden from which those who are subject to it will seek to escape by any lawful means available".
Nevertheless a empirical evidence has shown that tax evaders or tax avoiders are mostly the minor illiterate elites who with all zeal try illegally and legally to circumvent the various tax laws. The social and economic consequence of this involves a high tax burden on the majority of the illiteracy in the society. Attempts were made by the IJM 1961 schedule 2 paragraphs to provide penalties for tax avoidance.
In Enugu State, the finance law of Eastern Nigeria is applicable. These are provisions in No. 5 sections 35, 36 and 38 regarding penalties for offences in connection to tax evasion.
According to Enugu State in Nigeria, Board of Internal Revenue Annual Report 1997 – 2002, the incidence of tax evasion which involves false declaration, impersonation, using frictions address, transfer of ownership of assets of Limited Liability Company are various ways and means people perpetrate tax evasion. From the investigations carried out, it was a starting revelation. All the segment of our society engages in tax evasion.
The salary and wage earner continuously every year make false declaration on their assessment forms. From false basic salary, claiming to have children even when he is not yet married. Claiming for aged parents who are already dead all aimed at avoiding to pay the correct trade over ninety percent of the business man in his state pays nothing to the covers of the government in form of tax from the profit he made in business registered companies, converse with some assessment officers to declare low profit so as to pay less tax property tax rates entertainment tax pools and belting tax are completely evaded impunity in the State. The hot is endless.
1.2 statement of the problem:
The problem therefore, is that the various taxes review by the government which may be (income rate, entertainment tax, road tax, pool belting tax, property tax act, value added tax) have not yielded enough revenue from projections made. This indicates therefore that tax contribute unimpressively to the government revenue.
There is a growing realization that conditions within which the most modern equitable and flexible instrument of taxation work, do not yet prevail in the country. And most of the under developed countries of the world and that substantial modification of the fiscal techniques applicable in under-developed countries are necessary to adopt for the circumstances of the country. Our tax laws and administrative procedures have been very static and this proves ineffective with the result that government losses revenue that would have been collected as tax.
Procedural approach to income tax administration ought to be dynamic in order to be responsible to changing devices through which tax payers evade and avoid tax.
1.3 objectives of the study:
This research work aimed at achieving the following objectives:
a. To establish that there exist tax evasion and avoidance in Enugu State.
b. Exploring the causes of the tax evasion and avoidance.
c. Assessing the extent of its impact on total generated revenue from taxes.
d. Suggesting possible ways of abating of eradicating the practice of tax evasion and avoidance.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION:
The following are the research questions:
1. What is the reason of citizens evading tax?
2. What is the effect of tax evasion on government projected revenue?
3. What is the punishment for tax evasion?
4. How does tax evasion affect the provision of basic amenities for the citizens?
5. Is there enough government machinery to check tax evasion?
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
This research work will try to review the effects which tax evasion has directly or indirectly on the revenue generation of Enugu State the circumstances that may have given credence to evasion of tax and the relevant machinery necessary to check it.
1.7 A REVIEW OF TAX ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA:
Tax analysts have ascribed the problem of tax evasion and avoidance to the inadequacies inherent in our tax system. However before reviewing the administration in the State and it's inherent problems, it will be pertinent to understand what Adam Smith enunciated as "Canons of a good tax system" Accordingly "Taxation should be equal" by which he meant proportionally to the tax payers income. There are three ways of collecting tax from individuals so that it falls equally. One is the per capital tax, in which everyone pays the same contribution, the proportioned tax in which everyone pays the same proportion of their income as tax.
The progressive tax, in which the amount of tax is adjusted to fall most heavily on the rich, "which of these tax system gives the fairest tax?
It must be judged not from the weight of burden in absolute terms, but relative to the utility to the tax payer of the income surrendered the per-capital income is unfair. The utility of income given up is very much greater for those in low income bracket.
The proportional tax, which more often than not is applied indirectly tends to be regressive the progressive system is therefore the fairest system for direct taxation and this system has been adopted by most nations.
"Tax should be arranged so that collection is convenient" taxes are invariably a burden at the time of payment even when the tax payer agrees they are just and equitable to collect them of the most convenient point reduces losses by non-payment and simplifies the whole process. The PAYE (pay as You Earn) system has achieved maximum convenience, tax is extracted from the pay packet before it is received and the employee pays it over to the tax department. Clearly this is painless extraction for the employee does not miss what he never has some employees have really no idea of what they pay in tax.
"Taxes should be economic, that is productive of revenue". Any tax which costs more than, it raises in revenue is clearly a waste of time of course taxation might be introduced for reasons other than causing revenue (for example to discourage and undesirable habit) for purposes of revenue taxes should be abandoned if it is un-economic.
The compliance cost to the tax payer and the administrative cost to the government negatively affect output of tax collected. Though collection costs may be necessary they should be kept as low as possible as they are unproductive and do not make economic sense. A tax should be abandoned of the point where the marginal cost of collection becomes greater than the marginal revenue.
"Taxes should be certain" A system of tax collection which is not certain will almost invariably cause discontent.
The system should permit fair and non-arbitrary administration and should be understandable to the payers.
The manner of payment the amount to be paid should all be clear to the payer so as non to be left at the mercy of tax collectors. Taxes should be impartial, complete impartiality is achieved by direct taxation if it is designed so as to be progressive, two citizens in the same situation as regards income should be equally taxed though impartiality is much more difficult when indirect taxes are imposed.
A tax on hair dressing will not affect some people, the non smoker avoids tobacco duty and the hotelier avoids the alcohol tax. In many cases of on goods the incidence of the tax is on someone other than the person who consumes the goods. The impartiality achieved by progressive taxation is often called vertical equity.
Horizontal equity by contract seek to ensure that two persons with the same income and the same commitments pay the same tax, but while this is fairly easy to achieve with direct taxation, it cannot be achieved with direct taxation, since two payers have different scale of preferences for goods and services.
The tax structure permits the use of fiscal policy for stabilization and growth objectives. It should be able to direct and correct economics ills. The system should be sufficiently elastic so that the revenue from tax may be increased or decreased according to the requirements of the governments.
The qualities of a good tax system mentioned above were not meant to obtain strictly as various objectives are not necessarily in agreement. For instance, a tax system which is design to achieve equity might end up distorting investment thus having negative effect on the general economy.
In such a situation of conflict of objective, these have to be a trade off.
Nigerian tax analysts have argued that to an unreasonable extensions tax system have to fall short of Adam Smith standard "Tax assessment and tax collection constitute a thorn in the taxing efforts of most developing countries including Nigeria".
One time director of Federal Board of Inland Revenue mentioned that "the present taxation system is completely faculty and two rapid to be used as an instrument of fiscal policy and it does not encourage industrial development and economic growth"?
In his own contribution, Victor Eromosole a tax analyst opined "our tax laws need to review as a matter of urgency in order to make them relevant to the present day demands and circumstances. It is very doubtful; in spite of minor subsequent amendments – how relevant the Income Tax Management Act (IMTA) 1961 enacted barely a year after Independence could really be today – Indeed ITMA is so archaic that is fit for the archives.
"Failing to fully incorporate the far reaching socio-economic developments over the past three decades in our tax laws is conspicuous omission, fines and financial figures contained in the act have almost been to make it appear ridiculous with inflation".
The irresponsible neglect in the tax system of the country makes the burden of taxation fall heavily on the majority of the poorer for instance the head tax may be necessary but not efficient. As a great number of our populace live in the rural areas to a great extent, they are subsistence farmers or seasonal labourers. So government encompassing head tax neglects the ability to pay principles. All subsistence farmers do not make the same income. Why they be taxed equally? Also in the cities majority are traders for this group, assessment and collection is not efficient. The amount to pay is not certain. Most of them do not pay tax commensurate with their income. Some do not even pay at all. Again the tax table does not give allowance for windfall projects, traders who lost money, farmers with negative harvest. Because level of collectivity is very poor government cannot predict revenue properly, this causes the whole budgetary process to flop.
"The efficiency of any tax system is not just a matter of appropriate tax laws but also a function of the efficiency and integrity of its administration in almost all the States in Nigeria, the low revenue yield of taxation is attributable to the fact that tax provisions are not appropriately enforced either on account of inability to cope for reasons of inadequate manpower, lack of dedication by staff, lack of by-patriotism by tax payers or on account of outright dishonesty or corruption.
Commenting on shortage of manpower and facilities in United Kingdom tax officials are referred to as "Her Majesty's Inspectors of Taxes" thus demonstrating full backing and recognition of the importance of their work but the poor facilities and restricted prospects makes the job unattractive and therefore by denying tax administrative authority the quality and quantity of staff it needed.
For effectiveness and efficiency, it requires a complement of staff trained in Public Administration, Accountancy, Economics, Social Sciences, Business Management and Computer Technology.
A major problem of our tax our tax administration was pinpointed in a seminar by Ewugor as lack or education on the tax system. The denounced tax drive and that it should give way for tax education.
According to him "Tax drive without tax education will amount to a double standard and is bound to fail its objectives".
The tax payers should be informed to imbibe the culture of good record keeping for especially those in business.
Our tax system can only be said to have scored a pass mark with the public sector and organized private sectors. Pay As You Earn (PAYE).
1.8 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH TAX ADMINISTRATION MACHI:
The Board of Internal Revenue, Enugu State with it's headquarters in Enugu is the main tax administration machinery. It has at least one office in urban area in the State. Each local government office has a tax collector agent in each town.
The Board equally has an office in Enugu State Liason Offices in Lagos and Abuja which collect taxes from employees under P.A.Y.E in the Laison Office as well as withholding tax on dividends to state residence.
In spite of all these, there is still high rate of tax evasion; which is attributable to the problems of tax administration machinery.
THE INTERNAL PROBLEM;
This could be regarded as operational shortcomings. Since it hinders carrying on efficiently the responsibility charged to them
This comprises of the following:-
a. Inadequate staffing
b. Inadequate supply of facilities and
c. Dishonesty among the tax assessors
a) Inadequate Staffing:
The headquarters of the Board of Internal Revenue has two divisions and seven units, with four tax offices plus twelve sub-offices. The staff strength of all these offices and units were one hundred and fifty nine senior officials and six hundred and sixty-five officials giving a total of eight hundred and twenty four officers who are responsible for collection of taxes and other revenue in the whole of Enugu State. Most of the junior officials are not well educated to the extent that they find it difficult to apply tax laws. The skeletal numbers of experienced officers are mostly found in urban areas.
These few are loaded with jobs as the available shaft is not sufficient. We are all aware that our tax laws; especially ITMA 1961 are still carbon copy of British tax laws with insignificant modifications. They are meant for developed countries which have experienced and have experienced and qualified tax officials that can interpret them and apply accordingly. The tax interacts and deals with influential; knowledgeable managing directors and business as well as academicians who are looking for any loophole to minimize of avoid tax liability. The lack of adequate experienced tax officials in Enugu State has created opportunity for tax evasion.
Tax evaders can muddle their accounts up and even direct the ill-equipped half-baked junior tax officials on what he ought to pay. This results in loss of appropriate revenue that ought to come if properly assessed.
b) Inadequate Supply of Facilities:
A visit to the headquarters Enugu tax office shows that offices lack facilities. They have not enough vehicles yet they go on tax drive, the offices are not well equip
1. EFFECT OF PRIVATIZATION OF GOVERNMENT OWNED INDUSTRIES IN DEVELOPING ECONOMY (NIGERIA)
» CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Today, we are witnesses to sweeping changes that are taking place in the economies of both de...Continue Reading »
2. AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF MICRO FINANCE BANKS ON THE BENEFICIARIES: A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA STATE
» ABSTRACT The thrust of this study is to evaluate the impact of Microfinance banks credit on Kaduna State and to examine the impact of Microfinance on ...Continue Reading »
3. THE EFFECT OF TAX ADMINISTRATION ON REVENUE GENERATION IN ENUGU STATE. (A CASE STUDY OF THE STATE BOARD OF INTERNAL REVENUE ENUGU STATE)
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF STUDY In all generation, the problems of personal income tax generation and administration continues to surface...Continue Reading »
5. TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: A CASE OF TELECOMMUNICATION
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Information and communications technology (ICT) has become a potent instrument/force of developin...Continue Reading »
6. IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the study Government Expenditure no doubt is an important instrument for a government to control the econo...Continue Reading »
7. THE EFFECT OF BANK DISTRESS ON NIGERIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH
» ABSTRACT The study aimed at establishing the various factors that affect the real GDP of the NIGERIAN economy, however great emphasis is on the effect...Continue Reading »
8. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH ON THE NIGERIA ECONOMY
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The consequences of population growth on the economic development of less developed countries...Continue Reading »
9. THE ROLES AND IMPACT OF CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA IN NIGERIA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The role of the central bank in promoting national economic policy and development has in recent ...Continue Reading »
10. THE IMPACT OF INTEREST RATE ON INVESTMENT DECISION IN NIGERIA: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS (1981-2010)
» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Investment is the change in capital stock during a period. Consequently, unlike capital, investme...Continue Reading »


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Crete Minoan Civilization
One of the great traditions of modern Crete is…ancient Crete. The island's history and archaeology have been an appealing subject, a scholarly calling and an expanding local industry since at least the last decades of the 19th century. Catering to a public seemingly never tired of such stories, media headlines often touch on the island's distant past. The archaeologist Arthur Evans sailed to the island in 1894 as a curious, well-heeled history buff pursuing a mysterious prehistoric script. At Knossos, he found its source. He also discovered a lifelong passion, a career and an avenue for sharing his own worldview of both the past and the present. Just as, in antiquity, all Cretan roads led to Knossos, so too, after Evans' excavations began in 1900, have all things Minoan essentially begun there. Whether or not Knossos "owned" the entire island under a single powerful king, perhaps memorialized in the "King Minos" of later legend, it certainly became the most powerful palace at a time when an island-wide Minoan network of administrative, storage and export centres put their timeless stamp on the histories of Crete, its Aegean neighbors and its distant trade partners east and west.
MANAGING ISLAND RESOURCES
Crete's first monumental buildings rose at Knossos, Phaistos and Malia, while smaller settlements sprung up around the island as well. During Middle Minoan/Late Minoan times (1750-1490 BC), a devastating earthquake (ca. 1700 BC) meant the main palaces had to be completely rebuilt, setting the stage for the culture's greatest era (17th-15th c. BC). Further secondary centers were founded at Kydonia, Archanes, Galatas, Gournia, Petras (Sitia) and Zakros. Independently, or as part of a later, more unified system, these sites served as collection and redistribution points for agricultural crops, craft products, artistic works, and other commercial goods.
DISRUPTIONS AND RENEWAL
Minoan history is marked by a series of natural disasters or major social disruptions, the first of which was the volcanic eruption of nearby Thera (Santorini) – now newly radiocarbon-dated from a charred fragment of olive wood to the early 1500s BC. More consequential was a fiery event in about 1490 BC, when all of Crete's secondary Minoan centers or settlements were destroyed, perhaps through a violent takeover led by a core group of local elites, or by an invasion by forces from the Greek mainland. A newly formed elite class of Minoans/Mycenaeans now ruled the island from virtually unscathed Knossos, with an increasing mainland influence detectable in Minoan art and religion. This "Third Palace Period" was a time when Crete enjoyed its greatest overseas influence. Homer retrospectively describes Late Bronze Age Crete as "a land…in the midst of the wine-dark sea, a fair, rich land, begirt with water; and therein are many men, past counting, and ninety cities."
AFTER THE PALACES
Around 1370 BC, Knossos was also destroyed; it would be approximately 400 years before it was repopulated. During the subsequent "Post-palatial" period (1370-1100 BC), Crete's outlying administrative centers, towns and villages became more independent, as the island's now-fully-Mycenaean overlords ruled not from Knossos, but the mainland. Many native Cretans relocated inland to more defensible sites, where they could better protect themselves from an increasing inflow of Hellenic immigrants. Nevertheless, Crete remained a sea power, sending, according to Homer, a contingent of eighty ships to aid in the Trojan War.
AN INTERNATIONAL CAST
Political turmoil and the rugged natural landscape were obstacles to early archaeological attempts in Crete, but perhaps the greatest obstacle was the reluctance of government officials to issue permits. In 1879, Minos Kalokairinos, a lawyer, businessman and antiquarian from Irakleio, hired twenty workers and simply began digging. He was stopped by the authorities three weeks later, but not before he had revealed portions of the palace's West Wing and West Magazines. Soon, others appeared, too. Heinrich Schliemann himself joined the throng in 1886, hoping to buy the mound, but was deterred by its Turkish landowners' exorbitant demands. Evans, less concerned with cost, purchased 25% of Knossos in 1894, then the remainder of the palace area in 1900. Early excavations at the other main Minoan palaces – Phaistos (1884, 1900-1904) and Malia (from 1921) – were launched by Italian and French scholars. Harriet Boyd-Hawes, an American female pioneer in Greek archaeology, led the first excavations at Gournia in 1901-1904. Notable Greek archaeologists in Crete have included Spyridon Marinatos, Nikolaos Platon and Yiannis (J. A.) Sakellarakis.
LARGE AND SMALL
Knossos was by far the largest, most monumental Minoan center on the island. During the Late Bronze Age, the palace grew to include over 1,500 rooms, rising 3-4 stories and covering an area of about 20,000 square meters. The city around it was also enormous, occupying some 750,000 sq.m. Comparatively, the Phaistos and Malia palaces reached only about 10,000 and 7,500 square meters. The secondary centers had far smaller scales, as we see at Kydonia (Hania), in the west, and Zakros, in the east. The smallest complexes, or country "manor houses," are exemplified by Myrtos-Pyrgos, west of Ierapetra, or Vathypetro, south of Archanes, where a wine press and pottery kiln have been found.
SHARED CULTURAL IDENTITY
Minoan centers exhibit a cultural consistency both in architectural features – including ashlar masonry, light wells, shrines, storerooms, multiple floors with staircases and courtyards – and in the extraordinary artifacts unearthed. Characteristic Minoan objects at the Archaeological Museum in Irakleio include masterpieces such as the Harvester Vase, Knossos Snake Goddess figurines, the Phaistos Disc and the painted Aghia Triada sarcophagus, as well as stunning gold jewelry, wall paintings, inscribed tablets and signet rings and engraved stone seals, with imagery alluding to a central female deity; animal sacrifice; and daemonic creatures symbolizing the dark side of nature beyond human control.
FROM THE BOTTOM UP
For much of the 20th century, Minoan Crete was viewed as a place of peaceful, proto-literate people, without wars or need of more than a merchant navy, who lived in sophisticated palaces and cherished nature, art, religion and commerce. The focus was on the elegant, luxurious lives of palace-based Minoan elites. Now, however, old myths and interpretations are being swept away. Previous palace-centric studies of Crete's Minoan past have provided only a narrow glimpse of the full spectrum of Minoan society. At Knossos, after decades of investigation, only 2% of the entire Late Bronze Age city has been excavated. In contrast, today's researchers are expanding their studies to look instead at ordinary Minoans and how they lived. By combining landscape surveys, targeted excavations and interdisciplinary scientific analyses of diverse evidential materials, archaeologists working in Crete are now developing a "bottom-up approach." The complex picture currently emerging is no longer one of a hierarchical series of palaces controlled by Knossos, but of individual polities competing with each other, heavily influenced by socio-religious ideologies emanating from Knossos and involved in Knossos-led economic interactions. But these were only firmly unified under a single (external) authority in the final stages of the Late Bronze Age, after 1370 BC. What's more, the Minoans knew warfare, as telltale clues indicate, including weapons in shrines, tombs and residences; the existence of settlements in defensible positions; and the 2009 discovery of long coastal walls at Gournia that may represent fortifications.
Among the many female figures in Cretan myths, foremost is Europa, the first queen of the island. One of Zeus' conquests, she was a Phoenician princess abducted from Tyre and borne to Crete on a handsome white bull (Zeus). On arriving, Zeus revealed himself and gave her gifts, including Talos, a gigantic bronze automaton tasked with guarding Crete. Europa bore Zeus three sons, Minos, Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon; Minos became king of Knossos and ruled the island. Thus, Europa was the founder of Crete's leading family.
HUMBLE RUINS
Following the final collapse of Crete's Bronze Age civilization (ca. 1000 BC), Iron Age city-states gradually arose. However, Crete only returned to peace and prosperity after Rome's annexation (1st cent. BC), with Gortyn becoming the island's capital. Knossos, a community marked by affluent villas in the 2nd century AD, eventually declined during medieval times. In 1857, a French scholar lamented that the area of Knossos, "the oldest city of ancient Crete," was marked by "one miserable village, whose name, Makrytichos (Long Wall), informs the antiquarian that there were once great constructions here; but…[now]…only …vague, formless…mounds of bricks." If he could only see the site today!


1969 Chevy C20 – William M.
I found this truck east of Sacramento, CA. It is a C20 factory air BBC Chevy built in Fremont, CA. I purchased it to put a camper on and tow my boat to the lake and take my two grandsons camping the way we did it in the 1960's and 1970's. No electronic devices, sit around the fire and also go fishing. I live in a nice area and the truck was gold and white, with rusty spots on it. My neighbors would throw eggs at it every month or so.
I found the LMC website and started buying parts for it. Then I found a restoration shop in Stockton next to my work and started the frame off restoration (it took 13 months). I had the body parts removed sandblasted, primed three times, block sanded then painted. Every nut and bolt is refurbished or new. I also did major powder coating. Example: I removed the bottom moldings, had them straightened, sandblasted, primed, powder coated and baked, as I did with many parts. I bought many parts two or three times because I didn't like the way they looked. I bought many new parts like door handles and bumpers then stripped the chrome off and had them powder coated.
I told my motor builder at B&R I wanted to put the biggest camper on it and tow my boat up and down the foothills. He suggested I use a 427 block instead of the 396 and we put my crank and heads in a 427 block he had at the shop, Kieth black pistons, roller rockers, Edelbrock air gap intake and a Holley 780 carb. The rest of the truck is completely rebuilt to stock. Suspension coil overs, shocks, ball joints, bushings you name it. I can tell you a story about every part on the truck. Example: I found the saddle tanks in Sacramento, had them boiled out at my local radiator shop and the guy said "they had to send them out because they were plastic lined." They drilled holes in the tanks to bead blast the inside then they plugged the holes and relined the tanks with plastic. That's how the whole build went.
I made the exotic hardwood for the bed myself and was not willing to put any holes in it for a gas tank (that would have been lass expensive). I also had the tanks and bed mounted from under the wood bed as to not damage the hardwood masterpiece.


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Call 318-324-0700 to schedule an initial consultation.
Police brutality / Excessive force
Press & Cases
Call 318-324-0700 to schedule an initial consultation
A wrongful death claim is usually brought by a family who lost their loved one due to the negligent (or intentional) acts of another person or group of people.
These accidents are always a tragedy — especially when they could have so easily been avoided if the proper precautions had been taken.
Carol Powell Lexing has 29 years of experience helping victims in these types of cases, working tirelessly to act as a voice for the voiceless.
Causes of Wrongful Death
Many cases of wrongful death appear in the workplace environment, although not all of them do.
An example of a wrongful act that could lead to death may be the carelessness of a driver or failure to provide precautionary measures. Some of the main causes of wrongful death include:
Medical Accidents
When health workers lack the skill and expertise to carry out their duties properly, this can lead to the death of patients.
Negligence in the aviation industry
Many plane crashes are caused by mechanical faults on the part of the airline, or negligence by the pilots -- either of which lead to the loss of innocent lives.
Poisonous products/perishables
There have been an unfortunate number of instances of deaths resulting from contaminated foods and drinks. In such cases, the manufacturers are held liable and would pay for damages.
Some negligent drivers swerve out of their lanes and move into the lanes where pedestrians walk. Others drive above the speed limit, while distracted, or while under the influence, running people over and never stopping to assist them.
Trucks are known for their size and used for conveying large quantities of goods. Truck accidents are usually caused by reckless driving, excess load, and drunkenness.
However, wrongful deaths do not only emanate from the negligence of other people.
In some instances, there could be an intentional act to cause injury/death. In these cases, a person bringing such a claim must show the following;
That the defendant intended to cause harm to the plaintiff
That the plaintiff did not consent to any contact that led to his/her death
That the contact caused excessive injury/death on the plaintiff
Contact Carol Powell Lexing Today
Four Things You Must Prove In A Claim For Wrongful Death
You should seek a wrongful death claim if you believe that the cause of death of your loved one was due to the wrongful or negligent act of a person or the company where they worked.
To present a claim for damages based on wrongful death, you must prove that:
The person or organization whose action was negligent owed a duty of care to the deceased. This could be anything from a duty to drive carefully to a duty to provide safety kits.
The same person/company breached such a duty of care. The breach here may be reckless driving or failure to provide the safety measures.
The breach specifically caused the death. So you must prove that the injuries leading to the death of that relative emanated from the negligent acts of the driver/company
You and the other claimants suffered damages resulting from the death of the person.
If you and your wrongful death attorney can prove the above, you have a good chance of being successful in your claims and receiving the compensation due to you.
Defenses In A Wrongful Death Claim
In some cases, a defendant may bring up certain defenses to exonerate himself/herself from liability. Such defenses may include:
Comparative fault is raised when the death was caused while the defendant was trying to save or defend himself/herself.
If the actions of the plaintiff contributed to his/her death, the defendant could raise a defense.
Illegality
If the plaintiff was involved in an unlawful act at the time of death, the beneficiaries might not be able to claim damages.
For this reason, it's important you and your attorney make sure to provide strong evidence to your claims.
Proving a wrongful death is not always easy, and you'll need the assistance of a dedicated attorney both in preparing the legal process and making sure you get the compensation you deserve. At Carol Powell Lexing & Associates, we either settle on our client's terms or prosecute to verdict. Contact The Law Office of Carol D. Powell Lexing & Associates today.
Proving a wrongful death is not always easy, and you'll need the assistance of a dedicated attorney both in preparing the legal process and making sure you get the compensation you deserve. Carol Powell Lexing is an experienced civil rights lawyer who will work to ensure to get justice for any wrongful death issue. Contact The Law Office of Carol D. Powell Lexing & Associates today.
2485 Tower Dr, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
© 2023 Carol D. Powell Lexing & Assoc.. |
Faith-filled and relentless.


Nostrand Paint & Hardware is located at the address 1787 Nostrand Ave in Brooklyn, New York 11226. They can be contacted via phone at (718) 693-6327 for pricing, hours and directions.
For maps and directions to Nostrand Paint & Hardware view the map to the right. For reviews of Nostrand Paint & Hardware see below.


Jäkel A, von Hauenschild P. Therapeutic effects of cranial osteopathic manipulative medicine: a systematic review. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 2011;111(12):685-93. A PDF of the full text of this study can be found here.
Green C, Martin CW, Bassett K, et al. A systematic review and critical appraisal of the scientific evidence on craniosacral therapy. British Columbia Office of Health Technology Assessment 1999;99:1 A PDF of the full text of this study can be found here.


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Unlikely Parentage
One year before Tim Paterson developed his "Quick and Dirty Operating System," the US military created a powerful new programming language called "Ada." Dozens of books and manuals were written about Ada, and every computer programmer in the world was acutely aware of her. Ada was a stunningly beautiful woman who had walked into their room.
Paterson sold his "Quick and Dirty OS" to Bill Gates who shortened QDOS to "DOS" and used it as the foundation of what was to become the mighty Microsoft empire.
But why did the US government choose the name "Ada?" Unlike DOS, Ada was not an acronym. She was a real woman who died in 1852.
Five short weeks after Ada was born, her mother left her father, believing him "to have his head so much in the clouds that his feet never touch the ground." Under no circumstances was the daughter of Annabella Milbanke going to grow up and become a worthless romantic like her father! Instead, Annabella insisted that young Ada study mathematics. But much to her terror, Ada's vivid vision of mathematics was laced with imagination and described in metaphors. After years of confrontation and heated debate with her rigid mother, Ada finally wrote a letter saying,
"If you can't give me poetry, can't you at least give me 'poetical science?'"
When Ada was 18, she met a man at a dinner party who spoke of his dream for Mathematical Engine.
"What if a calculating engine could not only foresee, but could act on that foresight?" No one but Ada understood the strange man, but she would never be the same. That man was Charles Babbage, and over the next 10 years Ada sent him a series of letters that would provide the inspiration and much of the guidance that allowed him to create the world's first computer. In her letters, Ada predicted that Babbage's machine would someday be used not only for scientific inquiry, but also to compose complex music and produce amazing graphic images. And she imagined all this during the years when tribal Indians ruled the heartland of America and Martin Van Buren was the president of all 27 United States. In one of her letters, Ada describes an algorithm for the analytical engine to compute Bernoulli numbers - the first algorithm ever specifically tailored for implementation on a computer, earning her the undisputed title of "World's First Computer Programmer."
As she lay dying of cancer at the tender age of 36, Ada asked to be buried next to her flamboyantly handsome father, the "useless romantic" her mother had never allowed her to meet, a man who had died when Ada was just 8 years old. So if you're ever in Nottinghamshire, England, look for Ada's tombstone next to that of her father - George Gordon, Lord Byron, the most famous of all the poets of England's Romantic Age.
Is thy face like thy mother's, my fair child!
Ada! sole daughter of my house and heart?
When last I saw thy young blue eyes they smil'd,
And then we parted - not as now we part,
But with a hope. - Awaking with a start,
The waters heave around me; and on high
The winds lift up their voices: I depart,
Whither I know not; but the hour's gone by,
Albion's lessening shores could grieve or glad mine eye.
- Opening lines of the third cantos of Byron's epic poem, Childe Harold.
~ Roy H. Williams
To view the archives click here.
Invisible Heroes is a collection of more than 100 biographical stories written by Roy H. Williams, the Wizard of Ads. You can read a few of these stories in the archives of this web page, but most of them are inaccessible because they're soon to be published in a book.
We create our heroes from our hopes and dreams. And then they create us in their own image. Heroes raise the bar we jump and hold high the standards we live by. They're the embodiment of all we're striving to be.
Do you want to be notified when Invisible Heroes is published? Give us your email address and we'll send you a note when the book is ready. (We solemnly swear not to let anyone else have your address. We detest spam as much as you do.)
Please notify me when the Invisible Heroes book is published.
Your email address will NOT be released to any third party.
Monday Morning Memo
Wizard Academy - © 2003 T:(512)-295-5700


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●Erwin Chemerinsky
●Mathew Thomas
●Joseph Shrand, M.D.
"THE CASE AGAINST THE SUPREME COURT"
Erwin Chemerinsky
Established in 1789, the U.S. Supreme Court needs to be reformed because no matter what, ideology matters and a Justice's socio-political views are often a powerful factor in how the Court decides cases. So contends University of California, Irvine Law School Dean, Erwin Chemerinsky, a Constitutional Law expert who's argued a few cases before the Court during his 30-plus year career. Chemerinsky argues that the Supreme Court has failed its Constitutional duty to stop discrimination and protect people's rights. He presents a strong case, citing history and today's largely Conservative Roberts Court as examples of why the selection and confirmation of Justices should be based on merit and their Terms limited. Chemerinsky also says the Court's cases should be televised so all citizens can watch a crucial branch of government at work.
"WE ARE NOT
In his sweeping debut novel, Author Matthew Thomas tells the 20th Century story of an Irish-American family pursuing the American Dream across 3 generations. For ambitious Nursing Administrator Eileen Tumulty, the dream is love and marriage and a home a world away from her immigrant parent's cramped Woodside tenement in Queens. When she meets and marries brain researcher Edmund Leary, Eileen keeps pushing and striving for more, hoping her husband will share her ambitions. She snags a "fixer" in suburban Bronxville where the couple raises their son, Connell. When Edmund's earlier reluctance begins to manifest a much deeper dilemma, the family must hold together, bound by hope and love.
Will Return Next Week!
"THE FEAR
Five Ways To Overcome It
and Trust Your Imperfect Self
Joseph Shrand, M.D.
Leigh Devine, M.S.
If you've ever been held back from accomplishing a goal because of fears – real or imagined -- Harvard Medical School Psychiatrist Joseph Shrand can help you understand and process them rationally, and transform the fear into trust that you are doing the best you can with what you know at any given time. Dr. Shrand explains 5 proven strategies to enhance your resilience and reduce fearful thoughts by developing the rational part of your brain. His "I-Maximum" approach will help you confront and process your fears in healthier ways, leading to a more positive, confident self.
Eso Won Books
EsoWonBookstore.com


Asphalt Crack Filling - Hollywood & Bonita Springs, FL - PaveCo Inc.
Maintaining paved areas includes making sure that whenever cracks appear on the surface, you have to fill them immediately to avoid further damage. Once moisture begins to enter to the soil, the asphalt begins to loosen and deteriorate over time.
We recommend crack filling because it prevents the cracks on the asphalt surface from becoming bigger. Crack filling helps you get more out of your asphalt surfaces by reducing the amount of money you spend on resurfaces and other more severe damage that cracks cause over time. Why wait until your asphalt surface becomes a liability? Contact PaveCo in Florida today for your crack filling solutions today.
Crack filling is a cost-effective way of taking care of your asphalt pavements and driveways. You spend way less than you would if you had to resurface the entire pavement. By filling the crack early, you save lots of money and time. This is one of the reasons why more people are in support of crack filling as a way to keep paved surfaces long-lasting over the years.
Cracks can be caused by failures in the structure, surface or the seams of your paved surface. By fixing these cracks by filling, you prevent the development of potholes which cost even more to repair.
PaveCo has been in the asphalt and paving business for more than a decade and can fill out any cracks you may have on your driveway, pavement or parking lot professionally, helping you maintain a clean and smooth asphalt surface at all times. Call us today at 954.256.9300 or send us an email on info@paveco.com for a free consultation.


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NewsPoliticsFederal Election 2021
Annamie Paul steps down as Green Party leader
Megan Devlin
Annamie Paul (CPAC)
Green Party leader Annamie Paul announced Monday she's stepping down as head of the federal political party.
Paul took the reins from former leader Elizabeth May in 2020, becoming the first Black person and first Jewish woman to lead a major political party in Canada.
But the Greens had a lackluster performance this federal election marred by infighting, and Paul lost her bid for the Toronto Centre riding to Liberal Marci Ien.
Paul held a press conference Monday morning in a Toronto park where she announced she's stepping down as leader.
"I asked myself whether this was something I wanted to continue. Whether to have to fight and struggle just to fulfill my democratically elected role as leader of this party," she said. "I just don't have the heart for it."
Liberal Taleeb Noormohamed wins Vancouver Granville riding
Tight races across Canada might have to wait all week for an elected MP
Paul spoke of her opportunity to lead the party as breaking a glass ceiling, but also a transition that came with unexpected consequences.
"What I didn't realize at the time was I was breaking a glass ceiling that would fall on my head, leaving a lot of shards of glass that I'd have to crawl over throughout my time as leader."
The Greens won two seats in the 2021 election, the least of all major political parties.
Megan Devlin+ FOLLOW
+ Politics
+ Federal Election 2021


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8 September 2021 / JCN Newswire
HKTDC Hong Kong Watch & Clock Fair and Salon de TE open today
HONG KONG, Sep 8, 2021 - (JCN Newswire) - The special edition of the 40th HKTDC Hong Kong Watch & Clock Fair and ninth Salon de TE, organised by the Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC), Hong Kong Watch Manufacturers Association Ltd and The Federation of Hong Kong Watch Trades and Industries Ltd, officially open today, bringing together more than 160 exhibitors. The physical fairs run from 8 to 12 September at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC), while the online version runs until 19 September, providing continued sourcing opportunities through both physical and online formats.
The five-day fairs are open to the general public for the first time, offering visitors the opportunity to appreciate precious timepieces and shop for watches at discounted prices. Organised by the HKTDC, Asia's premier fashion event CENTRESTAGE runs from 10 to 12 September at the HKCEC, presenting designer brands from around the world. The concurrent fairs create synergies and new business opportunities for participants from both the watch and fashion industries.
World Brand Piazza features exquisite international brands
Showcasing quality watches of different designs, Salon de TE comprises various thematic zones including World Brand Piazza, Craft Treasure, Chic & Trendy and Renaissance Moment. Sponsored by Prince Jewellery & Watch for the 11th consecutive year, World Brand Piazza presents 12 renowned international brands, including Blancpain, Breguet, Chopard, CORUM, FRANCK MULLER, Glashutte Original, Jacob & Co, Jaquet Droz, Juvenia, PARMIGIANI FLEURIER, Piaget and SARCAR Geneve.
A broad range of timepieces are under the spotlight, including the following:
Masterpieces showcase exquisite micro-engraving skills
- Memorigin highlights the Six Steeds in the Tang Dynasty tourbillon watch, its first manual-winding watch that possesses a central tourbillon with free sprung balances. Each piece involves 260 hours of craftsmanship to showcase the Yangtze River, Yellow River, mountains and 18k galloping gold horses on the 42mm-diameter watch. (Booth: 1D-A20)
- ANPASSA presents its Racing Tourbillon RXD31MCS with an 18k gold micro-engraved golden dragon featured on the tourbillon movement. The titanium case is set with rainbow-coloured gemstones, showcasing the talent of the watchmaker in creating three-dimensional visual art. (Booth: 1D-A17)
Sparkling designs grab attention
- Fouette presents the Le Petit Prince L'Etoile, which is produced in a limited quantity of just 100 pieces. The watch features 76 pieces of cubic zirconia on the bezel and eight pieces on the L'Etoile dial. It also includes a Le Petit Prince figurine in 925 sterling silver with luminous stars and hands - features that are all highly attractive to fans of the Little Prince. (Booth: 1D-B05)
- The Temporis "My" collection, inspired by the 12 zodiac constellations, has the watch case, bezel and crown set with 350 sparkling stones. The highlight of the piece is the constellation symbol rendered in black sparkling stones that provide a strong contrast to the silvery white background. (Booth: 1D-B07)
Artistic designs on trend
- The MONA LISA, Da Vinci @ Traveling Muzeum Collection Watch was designed by renowned fashion designer Vivienne Tam, and engineered by eminent scientist James Wong. The dial is decorated with 29 pieces of genuine topaz and features a crown set with valuable alexandrite. The watch, which also features a high-quality, shock-tolerant 316 S/S Swiss movement, is available for sale in a limited edition of 1,680 pieces. (Booth: 1D-B01)
- The Roulette Master Skeleton automatic model by Romago has a transparent case back showcasing an open-worked rotor. The watch is water resistant up to 50m. (Booth: 1D-B09)
Classic and trendy must-haves
- The Iza Collection C174RRD from Swiss brand COINWATCH showcases a stainless-steel case with 16 diamonds and a rose gold PVD bezel. The piece also features an interchangeable double-wrap leather strap. (Booth: 1D-A09)
- Empire Watch brings back a classic with a modern twist, featuring a metallic blue colour and a minimalist dial design. This quartz analogue watch is made from stainless steel with a mesh band safety lock, sapphire glass and a Japanese movement. (Booth: 1E-C35)
The Watch & Clock Fair also showcases parts and components. For example, the Japanese watch movement MIYOTA is introducing the Caliber 9029 at the fair, a new calibre that meets the latest trend for slimmer watch designs using its two-hand Premium Automatic movement. Other zones showcase complete watches, clocks, packaging and trade services.
Events, lucky draws and attractive shopping offers for public visitors
Various public activities are being held during the fairs including watch parades, "Watch X Fashion" parades and product launches, with the participation of local celebrities such as Cheung Tat-ming, Nelson Cheung, Derek Wong, Lilian Kan and Chan Wing-luk. Lucky draws will be organised during the fairs with prizes such as a tourbillon watch valued at HK$28,000, a one-carat moissanite diamond ring, jewellery pieces, fashion items and more. Visitors can also participate in Smart Bidding to bid for watches starting at 10% of the original price, including a tourbillon watch valued at HK$47,000. Visitors can download electronic coupons (https://bit.ly/2W7eWU7) to enjoy discounts of up to 40% when buying watches at the fairs. In addition, key opinion leaders are conducting livestreaming shows during the fairs to introduce selected watches at the onsite studio.
A watch craftsmanship workshop with the theme "Reminisce and Inherit: Locally-Made Tourbillion Demonstration" (12 September) will feature local watchmakers introducing Hong Kong-made tourbillons and demonstrating aspects of the manufacturing process. Visitors can take this chance to get a deeper understanding of the art of watchmaking.
Industry experts offer valuable insights on market prospects and trends
Industry participants should not miss a series of forums and seminars that provide first-hand market information and insights into the latest business trends. A seminar titled "Global Luxury Watch Investment and Market Outlook in Mainland China" (10 September) will invite John Ng, Horologer of Montres S.A. and known as the only Asian disciple of master horologer Philippe Dufour, Ho Sai-chu, Chairman of Chih Lo Lou Art Promotion (Non-Profit Making) Ltd, and watch experts and consultants from renowned auction houses such as Sotheby's, Christie's and Phillips to share insights into global and Mainland Chinese luxury watch investment, the role of the younger generation in the watch industry and the watch industry outlook in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
Meanwhile, the Hong Kong International Watch Forum, broadcast online on 6 September, featured sharings by representatives of watch associations from Mainland China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan and Switzerland. In addition to the latest market insights, participants discussed the future direction for development in the global watch manufacturing sector. Video playback is available for viewing on the fair website. Under the theme "Redesigning the Future of Luxury Watches", the Asian Watch Conference (9 September) will invite a representative from iClick Interactive to share her views on online and offline marketing strategies for luxury watch brands in the mainland, while Dayton Industrial's representative will offer insights into the latest developments of the watch industry. Louis Chan, Principal Economist (Global Research) from HKTDC Research, will share future markets insights for the watch industry.
Click2Match enables business matching
The HKTDC has mobilised its network of 50 offices worldwide to invite overseas buyers to connect and maintain contact with exhibitors through video conferencing. The AI-powered online business matching platform Click2Match helps to bring exhibitors together with the most suitable buyers. Participants can also take advantage of functions such as a meeting planner, live chat and e-business card exchange, helping them to overcome barriers and build business connections around the world.
Design competition to promote local creativity
To nurture budding local designers, the HKTDC joined together with the Hong Kong Watch Manufacturers Association Ltd and the Federation of Hong Kong Watch Trades & Industries Ltd to organise the 38th Hong Kong Watch & Clock Competition. The theme of the Open Group was "Minimalism" and the winning design, "SPACE BAR" by Tam Kwok-tung, presents an empty transparent container in which the hands are hidden under the wheels. The student group's theme was "Live Fully" and the first prize went to Yip Tsz-yan from the Hong Kong Design Institute for her "Insight" design, which took inspiration from the optical arts. The winning and finalist entries from the competition are on display at Hall 1D Concourse during the fair, showcasing the best of Hong Kong's creativity to buyers and the public.
- Hong Kong Watch & Clock Fair: https://hkwatchfair.hktdc.com
- Salon de TE: https://hkwatchfair.hktdc.com/te
- Photo download: https://bit.ly/3l3krM0
The Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC) is a statutory body established in 1966 to promote, assist and develop Hong Kong's trade. With 50 offices globally, including 13 in Mainland China, the HKTDC promotes Hong Kong as a two-way global investment and business hub. The HKTDC organises international exhibitions, conferences and business missions to create business opportunities for companies, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in the mainland and international markets. The HKTDC also provides up-to-date market insights and product information via research reports and digital news channels. For more information, please visit: www.hktdc.com/aboutus. Follow us on Twitter @hktdc and LinkedIn
HKTDC's Communications & Public Affairs Department
Janet Chan, Tel: +852 2584 4369, Email: janet.ch.chan@hktdc.org
Angel Tang, Tel: +852 2584 4544, Email: angel.hc.tang@hktdc.org
Copyright 2021 JCN Newswire. All rights reserved. www.jcnnewswire.com
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昭和電工子会社、液化炭酸ガス事業に関するサプライチェーン強靭化投資実施を決定
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Scallop to launch in EU and UK markets in October
LONDON, Sep 8, 2021 - (ACN Newswire) - Scallop, the world's first DeFi-powered banking app with integrated DeFi-powered accounts, is formalizing plans for launch in the EU and UK markets in late October
BurningMoon Announces Regular Live Token Buyback and Burn Events
BurningMoon announces that it will continue its Live Token Buyback and Burn Events on a regular basis. Its first Buyback and Burn Event sparked wide interest among investors and a positive market response,


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text:
sports · November 25, 2022
Fifa World Cup 2022: Know Argentina Schedule And Where To Watch Live
He played for the Chargers in the 1998 and 2000 seasons, missing the 1999 season mainly because of a shoulder injury, but was released by the Chargers following the 2000 season. He spent the 2001 preseason with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, but was released just before the start of the season. Leaf played 4 games with the Dallas Cowboys in 2001, starting three, all losses, and was released, ending his playing career.
Cristiano has not confirmed if it will be his final World Cup but has admitted that it is not his final tournament with Portugal. Lionel Messi turned 35 this year, even though Cristiano Ronaldo is 37 years old. The duo have been dominating world football for more than a decade now, but have not managed to get their hands on the World Cup. Wayne Rooney was in the headlines this week right after Cristiano Ronaldo's explosive interview, but the Manchester United legend still desires his former teammate or Lionel Messi to win the FIFA Planet Cup. Holmes also revealed Conrad Smith, who has been mentoring centre Amy du Plessis, visited instruction on his birthday ahead of their second pool match against Wales when the Black Ferns won at Waitākere Stadium. Meanwhile, Trent Alexander-Arnold and Jordan Henderson will also be organizing an assault with England.
The least prolific scoring World Cup was the 1990 tournament when 115 goals were scored at only two.21 targets per game. Through the 16 games completed Thursday, the Mexico-Poland, Denmark-Tunisia, Croatia-Morocco and South Korea-Uruguay matches all went scoreless. Addo is a 47-year-old former Ghana player who is in his initial international coaching job and at his initial Planet Cup.
The nation has produced eight new stadiums with soccer pitches covered in grass flown in from the United States and outside air conditioning systems that can reduce the temperature by a lot more than 20 degrees Fahrenheit . Final month, Qatari officials announced the addition of 30,000 rooms to meet the surge in demand for accommodation, including some on cruise ships and conventional wooden boats identified the original source as dhows. Qatar and World Cup organisers have faced ongoing criticisms concerning the death of migrant workers in the creation of stadiums and the country's views on homosexuality, which is illegal in Qatar. Fifa right away mentioned it was "very concerned", even though clearly not concerned adequate to have completed its own due diligence.
The 2022 FIFA Globe Cup gets a single step closer on Friday, April 1 when the official World Cup draw takes place in the host nation of Qatar. TSN has complete coverage of the draw, starting at 11am et/8am pt with a a single-hour pre-show, followed by the draw at noon et/9am pt. Right after the draw has concluded, coverage continues with a two-hour post-show at 1pm et/11am pt. TSN's Matt Scianitti will be reside in Doha and will be gathering reaction from around the world following the draw.
Need to France win the group, they will most likely face Mexico and England in the subsequent two matches, generating the road back to the final anything but a cakewalk. Other individuals think the effect of that game goes further, marking a solidification of the American player as one particular great sufficient to go toe-to-toe with top rated Premier League players, whether or not at the club level or internationally. "I never believe it reflected the feeling inside the English players. I feel there was possibly a bit of a skewed judgment from the English press," stated goalkeeper Brad Guzan, who played for Aston Villa at the time. "There was banter. There have been tiny jokes right here and there, but I believe deep down they knew that, listen, it is the World Cup. There are no simple games."
Thursday's opponents Switzerland look powerful adequate to extend that undesirable sequence additional. The 30-year-old Mané has also shown up in large games for Senegal, scoring the penalty that won the African Cup title in a shootout against Egypt in February. A month later, he scored the winning penalty in another shootout against the Egyptians that clinched a Globe Cup berth for his country. Senegal does not have another attacking player of Mané's good quality, so it'll be intriguing to see how they handle if the Bayern Munich star is sidelined for the tournament, and who will step up in his absence.
In the 65th minute of the match, Cristiano Ronaldo converted from the spot to put Portugal 1- ahead. With that objective, Ronaldo became the very first male footballer in history to score purpose in five distinct FIFA World Cups. In the striker's part, forward Richarlison has got the nod in current instances, whilst Gabriel Jesus, whose objectives have dried up at Arsenal, possesses the nous and function rate to bring the ideal out of Brazil's flair players.
The defending Planet Cup champion France, in one instance, expects only one hundred fans to attend as part of its official supporters group. How the tournament — with extra than a single million guests expected to go to — will be secured also still has not been articulated. Nonetheless, FIFA confirmed that the new format would not increase the maximum quantity of games any team would play, with the cap at seven matches for each and every finalist. The tri-national North American bid beat out the competing bid from Morocco, earning 134 votes to Morocco's 65.
Major emerging talent will be heading to Sri Lanka in 2024 for the U19 Men's Cricket World Cup, as the ICC Board announced host nations for U19 events between 2024 and 2027. Some fans even got to meet with David Beckham, one of the several pitchmen Qatar has signed to market this year's Globe Cup. England's federation stated it found out about the plan offering fans costs-paid trips to the tournament from news media reports. The invitations went out in late September, and targeted some of the most nicely-connected and nicely-recognized fan leaders backing the 32 teams headed to the Planet Cup.
In 2013, I began my Ziff Davis career as an intern on PCMag's Computer software team. Now, I'm an Analyst on the Apps and Gaming group, and I definitely just want to use my fancy Northwestern University journalism degree to create about video games. I'm currently working on a book about the history of video games, and I'm the cause almost everything you consider you know about Street Sharks is a lie. The two nations signed an agreement in 2020 to push ahead with a joint bid to host the tournament and created it official in June. The final was a high-octane affair as the two neighbouring countries currently had a storied football rivalry.
It delivers not only the soundtrack to the games but the backdrop, also. It turns stadiums from sterile bowls into something filled with life. Soon after missing the 2018 tournament, the US have rebuilt with amongst the world's youngest rosters in 56 matches beneath Berhalter. The Americans open against Wales on 21 November, face England on Black Friday and play 22nd-ranked Iran on 29 November in the toughest of the eight groups by ranking. The United States ended their Globe Cup tune-up matches in unimpressive fashion, playing to a – draw against Saudi Arabia on Tuesday evening at Murcia, Spain, that saw oft-injured Gio Reyna come off in the 30th minute mainly because of muscle tightness. Tunisia had been the lowest ranked team in Pot three and Australia certified via an intercontinental play-off.
Almost half of the players come from teams outdoors the best division, which is less than in 1958 and 2020. Nonetheless, the 2022 Planet Cup players come from lower-ranking teams than previous years. "We of course watched their game back and she scored their target … but she's constantly going to be somebody we're going to have to watch out for. The Phoenix will want to tighten up at the back as they have another top quality striker to deal with on Saturday, coming up against McDonald, a 19-cap US international and 3-time NWSL champion. An unfortunate slog of injuries plagued her early in her spell, top Kiera Walsh, Caroline Wier and Sam Mewis to claim the midfield 3 positions. The second half of the season saw Lavelle start out most matches on the bench, drifting extra swiftly into the footnotes of matches than the headlines.
In total, 64 matches will be played more than the course of the subsequent month. Australians can stick to the Socceroos at the 2022 Fifa World Cup on the Guardian's live weblog and watch every single match reside and free of charge on SBS Tv or SBS On Demand. Here's how, when and exactly where to watch each and every game, with Australia vs Tunisia on Saturday evening. MMA fighter Connor McGregor tops the list with a whopping $180 million earned in 2021.
Tags: absolutelydefendkicksmysteryplanetplayerssolved
Next Speedy Camping Trip? You Can Now Have Your 1,012bhp Hennessey Mammoth With A Tent On Best
Previous Women's Globe Cup Play-off Draw Women's Planet Cup
Padres Notes: Melvin Feels Great Alfaro Earns Time Knehr Changes Focus
The 8 Oldest Religions In The Globe
Las Vegas Raiders All through History


Maria-Liisa Nevala (b. 1943) is a Finnish literary scholar who wrote her Ph.D. thesis on the works of the poet Eino Leino. She was Associate Professor of Finnish literature at Helsinki University from 1977 to 1991 and Professor from 1991 to 1992. In 1992 she was named managing director of the Finnish National Theatre, a position she held until her retirement in 2010.


The pupils in 5th and 6th have been taking part in the new Mathletes initiative and have done extremely well. A special congratulations to Tadhg Carroll and Fiona Mc Anespie who reached the Provincial stage of the Mathletes tournament where Fiona came an outstanding first place and went on to the National finals where she came 6th and our School made it into the top Primary Schools list. Well done to all we are very proud.


text:
Püente is a Restaurant designed from the union of different cultures and influences, where the name itself creates the link between them. It's a great place to have a new culinary experience, combining a modern, casual and fun atmosphere with excellent, interesting food and drinks.
Our menu is designed so that the dishes are shared at the centre of the table accompanied by cocktails with which we hope to delight you from the beginning to the end, building a bridge, that new link, from our kitchen to your plate
Our Young Head Chef Paulo Timoteo had a career in different fine dining restaurants and worked with Michelin star chefs. Now he has set out on a project in which his roots merge giving rise to dishes with which he wants to make everyone who dares to accompany him enjoy in this new adventure.
With Peruvian origin, Spanish heart and Asian soul, he has come to Zürich to transport us with each bite to many different places.
View The Full Menu
Our service strikes the perfect balance, between meticulous attention to detail, explaining to our customers about the background of our dishes and, at the same time, providing a pleasant experience that makes diners feel welcome in this great family and want to return again.
Püente creates an informal relaxed environment that does not attend to prejudice or protocols and is made for those who know how to appreciate good food.
Booking a table online is easy and takes just a couple of minutes.
Tuesday - Saturday from 6pm - 11pm
Sundays from 12 - 5pm
© PUENTE 2020 • Baumgasse 10, 8005 Zürich • Tel: 044 869 00 00


One Race We Never Win in Homer Alaska!
According to RealtyTrac.com, a foreclosure listing service, one in every 11,358 housing units in Alaska had a new foreclosure listing in August, 2016 (the most recent data available).
Preapproval vs. PreQualfied - What is the difference?


text:
Pair of local prep stars among those to be…
Pair of local prep stars among those to be honored by Sportswomen of Colorado
Chitambar, Ashton named players of year by SWOC in respective sports
Matthew Jonas/Staff Photographer
Erie High School golfer Hadley Ashton poses for a portrait at Colorado National Golf Club in Erie on Thursday, April 28, 2022.
By Brian Howell | bhowell@prairiemountainmedia.com | Boulder Daily Camera
PUBLISHED: January 24, 2023 at 2:01 p.m. | UPDATED: January 24, 2023 at 2:07 p.m.
Several Colorado Buffaloes and others from the area are being honored by the Sportswomen of Colorado.
This week, the SWOC announced its list of honorees for the 49th annual awards celebration, which will take place on March 12 at the Hyatt Regency Denver Tech Center.
The SWOC is honoring women, coaches and organizations for their achievements in sports in 2022.
Among the honorees is former CU women's basketball star Mya Hollingshed and soccer star Civana Kuhlmann, along with Boulder High School's Lily Chitambar and Erie High School's Hadley Ashton.
Hollingshed is being honored as the local college basketball player of the year. She was first-team All-Pac-12 in the 2021-22 season after helping the Buffaloes reach the NCAA Tournament. She was then a first-round pick in the WNBA Draft.
Kuhlmann recently wrapped up her collegiate career and is being honored as the college soccer player of the year. A transfer from Stanford, Kuhlmann was first-team All-Pac-12 in her lone season at CU, finishing second in the conference with 30 points (12 goals, six assists). Earlier this month, she was selected in the fourth round of the NWSL draft.
CU graduate Micaela DeGenero was named the Division I college track and field athlete of the year. As a senior last year, DeGenero earned first-team All-American honors with a runner-up finish in the 1,500-meter run at the NCAA Championships.
Chitamber, who graduated from Boulder last spring, was named the women's tennis player of the year. She won her second consecutive Class 5A No. 1 singles state title and was named the BoCoPreps player of the year.
Ashton, a sophomore at Erie, was named the high school girls golfer of the year. She won the Class 4A state title as a freshman last spring, helping the Tigers to the team title. She was named the BoCoPreps girls golfer of the year.
Also honored will be CU graduate Allie McLaughlin for mountain running and Boulder residents Nell Rojas (marathon) and Clare Gallagher (ultra marathon).
At the awards celebration, the SWOC will also present the Sportswoman of the Year Award. For a full list of honorees and information on the celebration, visit sportswomenofcolorado.org/awardscelebration
Brian Howell | Sports Writer
Brian Howell has worked for Prairie Mountain Publishing since 2004 and has covered the Colorado Buffaloes since 2010.
bhowell@prairiemountainmedia.com
Follow Brian Howell @brianhowell33


text:
/**
 * @file
 *   This file implements a SPI interface to the OpenThread stack.
 */

#include <common/code_utils.hpp>
#include <common/new.hpp>
#include <net/ip6.hpp>
#include <ncp/ncp.h>
#include <ncp/ncp_spi.hpp>
#include <platform/spi-slave.h>
#include <core/openthread-core-config.h>
#include <openthread-instance.h>

#define SPI_RESET_FLAG          0x80
#define SPI_CRC_FLAG            0x40
#define SPI_PATTERN_VALUE       0x02
#define SPI_PATTERN_MASK        0x03

namespace Thread {

static otDEFINE_ALIGNED_VAR(sNcpRaw, sizeof(NcpSpi), uint64_t);
static NcpSpi *sNcpSpi;

extern "C" void otNcpInit(otInstance *aInstance)
{
    sNcpSpi = new(&sNcpRaw) NcpSpi(aInstance);
}

static void spi_header_set_flag_byte(uint8_t *header, uint8_t value)
{
    header[0] = value;
}

static void spi_header_set_accept_len(uint8_t *header, uint16_t len)
{
    header[1] = ((len >> 0) & 0xFF);
    header[2] = ((len >> 8) & 0xFF);
}

static void spi_header_set_data_len(uint8_t *header, uint16_t len)
{
    header[3] = ((len >> 0) & 0xFF);
    header[4] = ((len >> 8) & 0xFF);
}

static uint8_t spi_header_get_flag_byte(const uint8_t *header)
{
    return header[0];
}

static uint16_t spi_header_get_accept_len(const uint8_t *header)
{
    return ( header[1] + static_cast<uint16_t>(header[2] << 8) );
}

static uint16_t spi_header_get_data_len(const uint8_t *header)
{
    return ( header[3] + static_cast<uint16_t>(header[4] << 8) );
}

NcpSpi::NcpSpi(otInstance *aInstance):
    NcpBase(aInstance),
    mHandleRxFrameTask(aInstance->mIp6.mTaskletScheduler, &NcpSpi::HandleRxFrame, this),
    mPrepareTxFrameTask(aInstance->mIp6.mTaskletScheduler, &NcpSpi::PrepareTxFrame, this),
    mTxFrameBuffer(mTxBuffer, sizeof(mTxBuffer))
{
    memset(mEmptySendFrame, 0, kSpiHeaderLength);
    memset(mSendFrame, 0, kSpiHeaderLength);

    mTxState = kTxStateIdle;
    mHandlingRxFrame = false;

    mTxFrameBuffer.SetCallbacks(NULL, TxFrameBufferHasData, this);

    spi_header_set_flag_byte(mSendFrame, SPI_RESET_FLAG|SPI_PATTERN_VALUE);
    spi_header_set_flag_byte(mEmptySendFrame, SPI_RESET_FLAG|SPI_PATTERN_VALUE);
    spi_header_set_accept_len(mSendFrame, sizeof(mReceiveFrame) - kSpiHeaderLength);
    otPlatSpiSlaveEnable(&NcpSpi::SpiTransactionComplete, (void*)this);

    // We signal an interrupt on this first transaction to
    // make sure that the host processor knows that our
    // reset flag was set.
    otPlatSpiSlavePrepareTransaction(
        mEmptySendFrame,
        kSpiHeaderLength,
        mEmptyReceiveFrame,
        kSpiHeaderLength,
        true
    );
}

void
NcpSpi::SpiTransactionComplete(
    void *aContext,
    uint8_t *anOutputBuf,
    uint16_t anOutputBufLen,
    uint8_t *anInputBuf,
    uint16_t anInputBufLen,
    uint16_t aTransactionLength
)
{
    static_cast<NcpSpi*>(aContext)->SpiTransactionComplete(
        anOutputBuf,
        anOutputBufLen,
        anInputBuf,
        anInputBufLen,
        aTransactionLength
    );
}

void
NcpSpi::SpiTransactionComplete(
    uint8_t *aMISOBuf,
    uint16_t aMISOBufLen,
    uint8_t *aMOSIBuf,
    uint16_t aMOSIBufLen,
    uint16_t aTransactionLength
) {
    // This may be executed from an interrupt context.
    // Must return as quickly as possible.

    uint16_t rx_data_len(0);
    uint16_t rx_accept_len(0);
    uint16_t tx_data_len(0);
    uint16_t tx_accept_len(0);

    // TODO: Check `PATTERN` bits of `HDR` and ignore frame if not set.
    //       Holding off on implementing this so as to not cause immediate
    //       compatibility problems, even though it is required by the spec.

    if (aTransactionLength >= kSpiHeaderLength)
    {
        if (aMISOBufLen >= kSpiHeaderLength)
        {
            rx_accept_len = spi_header_get_accept_len(aMISOBuf);
            tx_data_len = spi_header_get_data_len(aMISOBuf);
            (void)spi_header_get_flag_byte(aMISOBuf);
        }

        if (aMOSIBufLen >= kSpiHeaderLength)
        {
            rx_data_len = spi_header_get_data_len(aMOSIBuf);
            tx_accept_len = spi_header_get_accept_len(aMOSIBuf);
        }

        if ( !mHandlingRxFrame
          && (rx_data_len > 0)
          && (rx_data_len <= (aTransactionLength - kSpiHeaderLength))
          && (rx_data_len <= rx_accept_len)
        ) {
            mHandlingRxFrame = true;
            mHandleRxFrameTask.Post();
        }

        if ( (mTxState == kTxStateSending)
          && (tx_data_len > 0)
          && (tx_data_len <= (aTransactionLength - kSpiHeaderLength))
          && (tx_data_len <= tx_accept_len)
        ) {
            // Our transmission was successful.
            mTxState = kTxStateHandlingSendDone;
            mPrepareTxFrameTask.Post();
        }
    }

    if ( (aTransactionLength >= 1)
      && (aMISOBufLen >= 1)
    ) {
        // Clear the reset flag.
        spi_header_set_flag_byte(mSendFrame, SPI_PATTERN_VALUE);
        spi_header_set_flag_byte(mEmptySendFrame, SPI_PATTERN_VALUE);
    }

    if (mTxState == kTxStateSending)
    {
        aMISOBuf = mSendFrame;
        aMISOBufLen = mSendFrameLen;
    }
    else
    {
        aMISOBuf = mEmptySendFrame;
        aMISOBufLen = kSpiHeaderLength;
    }

    if (mHandlingRxFrame)
    {
        aMOSIBuf = mEmptyReceiveFrame;
        aMOSIBufLen = kSpiHeaderLength;
        spi_header_set_accept_len(aMISOBuf, 0);
    }
    else
    {
        aMOSIBuf = mReceiveFrame;
        aMOSIBufLen = sizeof(mReceiveFrame);
        spi_header_set_accept_len(aMISOBuf, sizeof(mReceiveFrame) - kSpiHeaderLength);
    }

    otPlatSpiSlavePrepareTransaction(
        aMISOBuf,
        aMISOBufLen,
        aMOSIBuf,
        aMOSIBufLen,
        (mTxState == kTxStateSending)
    );
}

ThreadError NcpSpi::OutboundFrameBegin(void)
{
    return mTxFrameBuffer.InFrameBegin();
}

ThreadError NcpSpi::OutboundFrameFeedData(const uint8_t *aDataBuffer, uint16_t aDataBufferLength)
{
    return mTxFrameBuffer.InFrameFeedData(aDataBuffer, aDataBufferLength);
}

ThreadError NcpSpi::OutboundFrameFeedMessage(otMessage aMessage)
{
    return mTxFrameBuffer.InFrameFeedMessage(aMessage);
}

ThreadError NcpSpi::OutboundFrameEnd(void)
{
    return mTxFrameBuffer.InFrameEnd();
}

void NcpSpi::TxFrameBufferHasData(void *aContext, NcpFrameBuffer *aNcpFrameBuffer)
{
    (void)aContext;
    (void)aNcpFrameBuffer;

    sNcpSpi->TxFrameBufferHasData();
}

void NcpSpi::TxFrameBufferHasData(void)
{
    mPrepareTxFrameTask.Post();
}

ThreadError NcpSpi::PrepareNextSpiSendFrame(void)
{
    ThreadError errorCode = kThreadError_None;
    uint16_t frameLength;
    uint16_t readLength;

    VerifyOrExit(!mTxFrameBuffer.IsEmpty(), ;);

    SuccessOrExit(errorCode = mTxFrameBuffer.OutFrameBegin());

    frameLength = mTxFrameBuffer.OutFrameGetLength();
    VerifyOrExit(frameLength <= sizeof(mSendFrame) - kSpiHeaderLength, errorCode = kThreadError_NoBufs);

    spi_header_set_data_len(mSendFrame, frameLength);

    // Half-duplex to avoid race condition.
    spi_header_set_accept_len(mSendFrame, 0);

    readLength = mTxFrameBuffer.OutFrameRead(frameLength, mSendFrame + kSpiHeaderLength);
    VerifyOrExit(readLength == frameLength, errorCode = kThreadError_Failed);

    mSendFrameLen = frameLength + kSpiHeaderLength;

    mTxState = kTxStateSending;

    errorCode = otPlatSpiSlavePrepareTransaction(
        mSendFrame,
        mSendFrameLen,
        mEmptyReceiveFrame,
        sizeof(mEmptyReceiveFrame),
        true
    );

    if (errorCode == kThreadError_Busy)
    {
        // Being busy is OK. We will get the transaction
        // set up properly when the current transaction
        // is completed.
        errorCode = kThreadError_None;
    }

    if (errorCode != kThreadError_None)
    {
        mTxState = kTxStateIdle;
    }

    // Remove the frame from tx buffer and inform the base
    // class that space is now available for a new frame.
    mTxFrameBuffer.OutFrameRemove();
    super_t::HandleSpaceAvailableInTxBuffer();

exit:
    return errorCode;
}

void NcpSpi::PrepareTxFrame(void *aContext)
{
    static_cast<NcpSpi*>(aContext)->PrepareTxFrame();
}

void NcpSpi::PrepareTxFrame(void)
{
    switch (mTxState)
    {
    case kTxStateHandlingSendDone:
        mTxState = kTxStateIdle;

        // Fall-through to next case to prepare the next frame (if any).

    case kTxStateIdle:
        PrepareNextSpiSendFrame();
        break;

    case kTxStateSending:
        // The next frame in queue (if any) will be prepared when the
        // current frame is successfully sent and this task is posted
        // again from the `SpiTransactionComplete()` callback.
        break;
    }
}

void NcpSpi::HandleRxFrame(void *aContext)
{
    static_cast<NcpSpi*>(aContext)->HandleRxFrame();
}

void NcpSpi::HandleRxFrame(void)
{
    uint16_t rx_data_len( spi_header_get_data_len(mReceiveFrame) );
    super_t::HandleReceive(mReceiveFrame + kSpiHeaderLength, rx_data_len);
    mHandlingRxFrame = false;
}

}  // namespace Thread

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Q: How to hash an unbounded array of unbounded strings to a digest of N integers with no zeroes I am trying to design the following algorithm

Input: unbounded array of unbounded strings sorted alphabetically, integer N
Output: Hex integer ID with N digits, none of which are zero

I'm not sure how to create good hash functions. So far my best attempt has been to

*

*take each character in a string, multiply it by a prime (of a list of primes that eventually loops back)

*multiply each obtained number together and xor it with a pseudo-random bit string of length N/4.

*create the final_id as the first_id

*For each string id generated this way, xor the final_id with this string id

Or in pseudo code:
int ids[] = {};
for(string str : strings)
{
     int id = 1;
     for(char c: str)
     {
        id *= c * list.nextPrime();
     }
    id ^ hash1;
    ids.push_back(id);
}

final_id = ids[0];
for(id : ids) final_id = (final_id * id) ^ hash2;

return final_id;

This seems random enough for a good choice of primes and hashes, but it does not guarantee non-zero digits.
I also have the issue that I don't know if I can make this uniformly distributed (to minimize hash collisions).
Any suggestions?


The graffiti themed character is created with a hoodie, backpack, glowing eyes, and a "Backjumps" logo sweater (a homage to the graffiti magazine). At 7" tall, the "Backpacker" is at life size to a real spray 12 oz. spray can and comes complete with a New York Fat Cap. The piece was produced on Discordia Merchandising's DIY Spray Can vinyl figure.


text:
package de.melnichuk.prettyconfiguration;

import com.beust.jcommander.Parameter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Settings {

    @Parameter(names = {"--template", "-t"})
    private String template;

    @Parameter(names = {"--output-dir"})
    private String outputDir;

    @Parameter(names = {"--output-name"})
    private String outputName;

    @Parameter(names = {"--static-resource", "-s"})
    private List<String> staticResources = new ArrayList<>();

    @Parameter(names = "--input-dir" )
    private String inputDir;

    @Parameter(names = "--input-files", variableArity = true)
    private List<String> inputFiles = new ArrayList<>();

    @Parameter(names = "--input-mixin-files", variableArity = true)
    private List<String> inputMixinFiles = new ArrayList<>();

    public String getTemplate() {
        return template;
    }

    public String getOutputDir() {
        return outputDir;
    }

    public String getOutputName() {
        return outputName;
    }

    public List<String> getStaticResources() {
        return staticResources;
    }

    public String getInputDir() {
        return inputDir;
    }

    public List<String> getInputFiles() {
        return inputFiles;
    }

    public List<String> getInputMixinFiles() {
        return inputMixinFiles;
    }
}