text:
\section{Introduction}
 \label{sec:intro}

  In this work we present a derivation of the Fixed Center Approximation to the Faddeev equations for the $\bar{K} NN$ system for the case when the $NN$ system has total spin $S=0$. The case for $S=1$ was done in \cite{kamalov} for $K^- d$ at threshold and extended to values below threshold to find a quasibound state in \cite{trento}. An earlier version for $S=0,1$ was done in \cite{melahat} but ignored charge exchange processes in the multiple scattering of the kaons. The improved results of \cite{trento} for $ S=1 $ provided a binding of about 12 MeV smaller than ignoring the charge exchange processes and was worth being taken into consideration. The resulting binding was 9 MeV with a width of 30 MeV. Yet, a formula like the one of \cite{kamalov} for the case of $S=0$ was never derived and one is left with some worry about what could be the effects of charge exchange processes in this latter case. This is the purpose of the present paper, where a simple derivation is presented and the new results are shown.

 The study of the bound $\bar{K} NN$ system has been the center of much attention recently  \cite{Ikeda:2007nz,Shevchenko:2006xy,Shevchenko:2007zz,Dote:2008in,Dote:2008hw,Ikeda:2008ub,Ikeda:2010tk,newshev}. Earlier calculations on this system were already done in the 60's
\cite{nogami} and more recently in \cite{akayama}, yet, the works of \cite{Ikeda:2007nz,Shevchenko:2006xy,Shevchenko:2007zz,Dote:2008in,Dote:2008hw,Ikeda:2008ub,Ikeda:2010tk} improved considerably on these earlier works.
    Two different methods have been used in those papers. Those of Refs.
\cite{Ikeda:2007nz,Shevchenko:2006xy,Shevchenko:2007zz,Ikeda:2008ub} use Faddeev equations, in the formulation of Alt-Grassberger-Sandhas
(AGS) \cite{Alt:1967fx}, using a separable interaction for the potentials with energy independent strength, and form factors depending on
the three momenta. They include as coupled channels $ N \pi \Sigma$ and $NN \bar{K}$, the basic ones in the study of the $\bar K N$ interaction in chiral unitary theories at low energies \cite{Kaiser:1995eg,angels,ollerulf,Lutz:2001yb,Oset:2001cn,Hyodo:2002pk,Jido:2003cb,Borasoy:2005ie,Oller:2006jw,Borasoy:2006sr,ikedahyodo}. On the other hand the works of \cite{Dote:2008in,Dote:2008hw} use a variational method to obtain the binding energy and width, by means of an effective potential
 \cite{Hyodo:2007jq} that leads to the strongly energy dependent $\bar{K}N$ amplitudes of the chiral unitary approach.
 This includes
 the $\pi \Sigma$ channel integrated into the effective $\bar{K}N$ potential, but do not include the $N \pi \Sigma$ channel explicitly
 into the three body system. In Table IV of \cite{Shevchenko:2007zz} one finds that there are 11 MeV difference considering
just one channel $\bar{K}N$ or the two channels $\bar{K}N$ and $\pi \Sigma$, both in the evaluation of the $\bar{K}N$ amplitude and in the
$\bar{K} NN-\pi \Sigma N$ system, finding more binding in the case of two channels. One should note that this is not to be compared with the
 approach of \cite{Dote:2008in,Dote:2008hw} where the $\bar{K}N$ amplitude is always calculated with $\bar{K}N$, $\pi \Sigma$
and other coupled channels. One may argue that the consideration of $\pi \Sigma$ in the two body system would account for most of the $\pi \Sigma$ influence in the three body problem, a conjecture made by Schick and Gibson \cite{Schick:1978wi} which was
substantiated numerically in the work of Ref. \cite{Toker:1981zh}. But this was only done at threshold of $\bar K N$, so testing this at lower energies is worthwhile and we shall face this problem here too.

 The two Faddeev approaches \cite{Ikeda:2007nz,Shevchenko:2006xy} lead to binding energies higher than the variational approach, 50-70 MeV versus around 20 MeV binding
 respectively. The use of an energy independent kernel in the AGS equations is partly responsible for the extra
 binding of these approaches with respect to the chiral calculations.
 The chiral potential is energy dependent, proportional to the sum of the two external meson energies in $\bar{K}N \to \bar{K}N$, and,
 as a consequence, one obtains a smaller  $\bar{K}N \to \bar{K}N$ amplitude at  $\bar{K} N$ energies below threshold, resulting in a smaller binding
for the $\bar{K}NN$ system \cite{Dote:2008hw}. This is also corroborated in
the approach of \cite{Ikeda:2007nz,Ikeda:2008ub} when the energy dependence of the Weinberg-Tomozawa chiral potential is taken into account
 in \cite{Ikeda:2010tk}. Further discussions along this issue can be found in section 5 of \cite{trento}.

Yet, in most cases the widths are
systematically larger than the binding energy, of the order of 70-100 MeV, which makes the observation of these states problematic. A discussion on  experimental work claiming to have found a $\bar K NN$ bound state is made in section 5 of \cite{trento}, together with the theoretical work that shows that the experimental peaks observed correspond to conventional mechanisms that have nothing to do with a new bound state.

   The approach of \cite{melahat} follows the chiral unitary approach for the $\bar{K}N $ amplitudes, which provide the most
important source of the binding of the three body system.  However, rather than   looking for the binding,
 searching for poles in the complex plane or looking for the energy that minimizes the expectation value of the Hamiltonian as the other approaches do,  one looks for peaks in the scattering matrices as a function of
 the energy of the three body system. These amplitudes  could in principle be used as input for final state
interaction when evaluating cross sections in reactions where eventually this  $\bar{K}N N$ state is formed.

\section{Fixed Center formalism for the $\bar{K} (N N)$ system with $S=0$}

  We rely upon the results of
\cite{MartinezTorres:2007sr,Khemchandani:2008rk,MartinezTorres:2008gy} which prove that only on shell two body amplitudes are needed to study the three body system. By this we mean the part of the analytical amplitudes obtained setting $q^2=m^2$ for the external particles, even if the particles are below threshold.

 Like in the other works, we also assume that the two body interactions proceed in L=0.
  According to all the works, the main component of the wave function corresponds to having a $\bar{K} N $ in I=0 (coupling strongly to the $\Lambda(1405)$ and hence the total isospin will be I=1/2. The spin of the system for L=0 is provided by the two nucleons and all the works find that the most bound case corresponds to $S=0$. Since the $S=1$ case was studied in \cite{trento}, here we concentrate in the $S=0$ case. Since in our case $S_{NN}$ corresponds to the total spin of the $\bar{K}NN$ system we shall refer to $ S $ in what follows.

   In the FCA the $\bar{K}NN$ system is addressed by studying  the interaction of a $\bar{K}$ with a $NN$ cluster.
 The scattering matrix for this system is evaluated as a function of the total energy of the  $\bar{K}NN$ system and one looks for peaks in $|T|^2$.
In a second step one allows explicitly the intermediate  $\pi\Sigma N$ state in the three body system.
 A discussion of different approaches along the FCA line is done in \cite{Gal:2006cw}, where it is shown that some works
do not take into account explicitly the charge exchange $K^{-}p\rightarrow\bar{K}^{0}n$ reactions and antisymmetry of the nucleons, but
it is explicitly done in Ref. \cite{kamalov}. In \cite{melahat} charge exchange in the  $\bar{K}$ multiple scattering was also ignored, but in \cite{trento} it was taken into account for the $S=1$ case, and a quasibound state was found with about 9 MeV binding and a width of about 30 MeV.

Technically we follow closely the formalism of \cite{multirho}, where the FCA has been considered, using chiral amplitudes, in order to
 study theoretically the possibility of forming multi-$\rho$ states with large spin.

The $NN$ interaction is of long range and very strong.
It binds the deuteron in spin $S=1$ and $I=0$, with $L=0$ to a very good approximation.
It nearly binds the $pp$ system also.
The binding of the $pp$ system is so close that a little help from an extra interaction, the strongly attractive ${\bar K}N$ interaction, is enough to also bind this system and we shall assume that this is the case here for $pp$ or in general for two nucleons in $S=0$, $I=1$, $L=0$.

The strategy followed in \cite{melahat} is to assume as a starting point that the $NN$ cluster has a wave function like the one of the deuteron (we  omit the d-wave).
Later on one releases this assumption and assumes that the $NN$ system is further compressed in the ${\bar K}NN$ system.
For this we rely upon the information on the $NN$ radius in the ${\bar K}NN$ molecule obtained in \cite{Dote:2008hw}, where the $NN$
interaction is taken into account including short range repulsion that precludes unreasonable compression. The r.m.s radius found is of
the order of 2.2 fm, slightly above one half the value of the deuteron r.m.s radius of 3.98 fm ($NN$ distance).

\section{Calculation of the three body amplitude}

In order to evaluate the amplitude for the $\bar{K}NN$ with $S=0$, we follow the following strategy.

1) We evaluate first the $K^- p p \rightarrow K^- p p $ amplitude considering charge exchange processes in the rescattering of the kaons. The amplitude will contains total isospin $I=1/2$ and $I=3/2$. Since we only want the $I=1/2$, we evaluate the scattering amplitude for $I=3/2$ in addition, taking the $\bar{K}^0 p p \rightarrow \bar{K}^0 p p $ amplitude, and from a linear combination of the two we obtain the $I=1/2$ amplitude. We have found that this strategy leads to a far simpler derivation than other methods that we have also tried.

2) For the $K^- p p \rightarrow K^- p p $ we define three partition functions,

a) $T_p$, which contains all diagrams that begin with a $K^-$ collision  with the first proton of the $pp$ system and finish with $K^- p p$.

b) $T_{ex}^{(p)}$, which contains all the diagrams that begin with a $\bar{K}^0 p$ collision on a $n p$ system and finish with $K^- p p$.

c) $T_{ex}^{(n)}$, which contains all the diagrams that begin with a $\bar{K}^0$ collision on a neutron  and finish with
$K^- p p $.

These amplitudes fulfill a set of coupled equations that are easy to see diagrammatically by looking at the diagrams of Fig. \ref{fig:tpp22}.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth] {tpp1parca.eps}\\
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth] {tpp2parca.eps}\\
\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth] {tpp3parca.eps}
\caption{Diagrammatic representation of the partition functions for the $K^- p p \rightarrow K^- p p $.}
\label{fig:tpp22}
\end{figure}

We have:

\begin{eqnarray}
T_{p}&=&t_{p}+t_{p}G_0T_{p}+t_{ex}G_0T_{ex}^{(p)}\nonumber\\
T_{ex}^{(p)}&=&t_{0}^{(p)}G_0T_{ex}^{(n)}\nonumber\\
T_{ex}^{(n)}&=&t_{ex}+t_{ex}G_0T_{p}+t_{0}^{(n)}G_0T_{ex}^{(p)}
\label{Eq:tptexp}
\end{eqnarray}
where
$t_p=t_{K^- p , K^- p}$, $t_{ex}=t_{K^- p , \bar{K}^0 n}$, $t_{0}^{(p)}=t_{\bar{K}^0 p , \bar{K}^0 p}$, $t_{0}^{(n)}=t_{\bar{K}^0 n , \bar{K}^0 n}$
and $G_0$ is the function \cite{multirho,melahat}

\begin{equation}
G_0=\int\frac{d^3q}{(2\pi)^3}F_{NN}(q)\frac{1}{{q^0}^2-\vec{q}\,^2-m_{\bar K}^2+i\epsilon}.
\label{Eq:gzero}
\end{equation}
where $F_{NN}(q)$ is the form factor of the $NN$ system. We can see that Eq. (\ref{Eq:gzero}) contains the folding of the $\bar{K}$ intermediate propagator with the form factor of the $NN$ system. The value of the
$q^0$ in the total rest frame is given by
\begin{equation}
q^0=\frac{s+m_{\bar K}^2-(2M_N)^2}{2\sqrt{s}}.
\label{Eq:q00}
\end{equation}
The argument of the $  t^{(0)}$, $ t^{(1)} $ amplitudes is obtained following the steps of \cite{melahat, multirho} and is given by

\begin{equation}
s_1=m^2_{\bar K}+M_N^2+\frac{1}{2}(s-m_{\bar K}^2-4M_N^2)~~.
\label{Eq:argment}
\end{equation}

By taking into account that $|K^->=-|1/2,~1/2>$ in the isospin basis, we can write all the former elementary amplitudes in terms of $I=0,~1$ ($t^{(0)},~t^{(1)}$) for the $\bar{K}N$ system, and we find

\begin{eqnarray}
t_{p}&=&\frac{1}{2}(t^{(0)}+t^{(1)})\nonumber\\
t_{ex}&=&\frac{1}{2}(t^{(0)}-t^{(1)})\nonumber\\
t_{0}^{(p)}&=&t^{(1)}\nonumber\\
t_{0}^{(n)}&=&\frac{1}{2}(t^{(0)}+t^{(1)}).
\label{Eq:tmatpex}
\end{eqnarray}

Solving Eq. (\ref{Eq:tptexp}) we find

\begin{equation}
T_{p}=\frac{t_{p}(1-t_{0}^{(n)}G_0t_{0}^{(p)}G_0)+t_{ex}^2G_0t_{0}^{(p)}G_0}{(1-t_{p}G_0)(1-t_{0}^{(n)}G_0t_{0}^{(p)}G_0)-t_{ex}^2t_{0}^{(p)}G_0^3}
\label{Eq:tpp}
\end{equation}
which in isospin basis can be simplified to

\begin{equation}
T_{p}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}(t^{(0)}+t^{(1)})-t^{(0)}t^{(1)^2}G_0^2}{(1-G_0t^{(1)})(1+\frac{1}{2}(t^{(1)}-t^{(0)})G_0-G_0^2t^{(0)}t^{(1)})}
\label{Eq:tppisosipin}
\end{equation}

The total $K^- p p \rightarrow K^- p p $ amplitude would be $2T_{p}$ accounting for the first interaction of the $K^-$ with either of the protons.

3) Now we take into account that in the basis of $|I_{tot},I_{3,tot}>$
\begin{equation}
|K^- p p>=-(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}|3/2,1/2>+\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}|1/2,1/2>)
\end{equation}
and thus
 \begin{equation}
<1/2|T|1/2>=\dfrac{3}{2}(<K^- p p|T|K^- p p> -\dfrac{1}{3}<3/2|T|3/2>)
\label{Eq:t1b2}
\end{equation}

The $<3/2|T|3/2>$ amplitude is particularly easy to obtain. In this case we take the $\bar{K}^0 p p \rightarrow \bar{K}^0 p p $ transition and diagrammatically we have the mechanism of Fig. \ref{tpp3b2} for the only partition function $T_p^{(3/2)}$.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{tpp3b2.eps}
\caption{Diagrammatic representation of the partition function for I=3/2.}\label{tpp3b2}
\end{figure}

Hence
\begin{equation}
T_p^{(3/2)}=t_{0}^{(p)}+t_{0}^{(p)}G_0T_p^{(3/2)}
\end{equation}
and the total $T^{(3/2)}$ amplitude will be  $2T_p^{(3/2)}$, accounting for the $\bar{K}^0$ interacting first also with the second nucleon. We have

\begin{equation}
T_p^{(3/2)}=\dfrac{t_{0}^{(p)}}{1-G_0t_{0}^{(p)}}=\dfrac{t^{(1)}}{1-G_0t^{(1)}}.
\end{equation}
We can now use Eq. (\ref {Eq:t1b2}) and find for the total amplitude (including the factor two for first interaction with either proton)

\begin{eqnarray}
T^{(1/2)}&=&3T_p-\dfrac{t^{(1)}}{1-G_0t^{(1)}}\nonumber\\
&=&\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}t^{(0)}+\dfrac{1}{2}t^{(1)}-\dfrac{1}{2}t^{(1)}(t^{(1)}-t^{(0)})G_0-2t^{(0)}t^{(1)^2}G_0^2}{(1-G_0t^{(1)})(1+\frac{1}{2}(t^{(1)}-t^{(0)})G_0-G_0^2t^{(0)}t^{(1)})}
\end{eqnarray}
which can be simplified dividing the numerator by $(1-G_0t^{(1)})$ with the final result

\begin{eqnarray}
T^{(1/2)}&=&\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}t^{(0)}+\dfrac{1}{2}t^{(1)}+2G_0t^{(0)}t^{(1)}}{1+\frac{1}{2}(t^{(1)}-t^{(0)})G_0-G_0^2t^{(0)}t^{(1)}}.
\label{Eq:tknncharge}
\end{eqnarray}
This equation improves over the one obtained in \cite{melahat} although they coincide for first scattering term.

\section{Explicit consideration of the $\pi \Sigma N $ channel in the three body system}

The $\pi \Sigma$ channel and other coupled channels are explicitly taken into account in the consideration of the
$\bar{K}N$ amplitude which we have used in the FCA approach. This means that we account for the $\bar{K}N \rightarrow  \pi \Sigma$ transition,
and an intermediate  $\pi \Sigma N $ channel, but this  $\pi \Sigma $ state is again reconverted to $\bar{K}N$ leaving the other $N$
as a spectator. This is accounted for in the multiple scattering in the  $\bar{K}N \rightarrow \bar{K}N $ scattering matrix on one nucleon. However, we do not consider the possibility
that one has $\bar{K}N \rightarrow  \pi \Sigma$ and the $\pi$ rescatters with the second nucleon. If we want to have a final $\bar{K}N N$
system again, the $\pi$ has to scatter later with the $\Sigma$ to produce $\bar{K}N$. One may consider multiple scatterings of the $\pi$
with the nucleons, but given the smallness of the $\pi N$  amplitude compared to the $\bar{K}N$, any diagram  having more than one rescattering
of the pion with the nucleon will be negligible. This means that to account for explicit $\pi \Sigma N$ state in the three body system it is sufficient to consider the diagram  of
Fig. ~\ref{fig:10} (for $\bar{K}N$ scattering on nucleon 1).

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{mela1.eps}
\caption{Feynman diagram  for the $\pi \Sigma N$  channel.
The equivalent diagrams where the ${\bar K}$ interacts first with the second nucleon should be added.}
\label{fig:10}
\end{figure}

The explicit expression for this contribution can be seen \cite{melahat} (section IV). In particular it involves the isospin combination in the $\bar{K}N,\pi \Sigma $

\begin{equation}
t_{\bar{K}N,\pi \Sigma}=\dfrac{1}{4}t_{\bar{K}N,\pi \Sigma}^{I=1}+\dfrac{3}{4}t_{\bar{K}N,\pi \Sigma}^{I=0}~;~S=0
\label{Eq:isospins0}
\end{equation}
We note, in passing, that the combination found for $ S=1 $ was
\begin{equation}
t_{\bar{K}N,\pi \Sigma}=\dfrac{3}{4}t_{\bar{K}N,\pi \Sigma}^{I=1}+\dfrac{1}{4}t_{\bar{K}N,\pi \Sigma}^{I=0}~;~S=1
\label{Eq:isospins1}
\end{equation}
and the $ \pi N,\pi N $ amplitudes were also different. This justifies the different effects found for these two cases, although the changes are small in both of them. Non-perturbatively we can add   $2 T^{\pi \Sigma}$ of \cite{melahat} to Eq. (\ref{Eq:isospins0}). In as much as the term $ \frac{3}{2}t^{(0)}$ is the largest component of Eq. (\ref{Eq:tknncharge}), if we add  $2 T^{\pi \Sigma}$ to $ \frac{3}{2}t^{(0)}$ in all terms in  Eq. (\ref{Eq:tknncharge}), we guarantee the correct results for the lowest order contribution and account approximately for multiple scattering including the $T^{\pi \Sigma}$  contribution. We have seen that the perturbative and non-perturbative results are very similar, but there is a difference of about 2 MeV in the position of the peak (the non-perturbative case more bound).

\section{Results for the $\bar{K}NN$ system with $S=0$}

 \begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{tmatrix.eps}
\caption{Modulus squared of the three-body scattering amplitude for singlet (S=0) with deuteron size for $NN$.  The solid line indicates the $\bar{K}NN$ system  with partial omission of  charge exchange \cite{melahat}, the dashed line indicates the same system taking into account charge exchange diagrams  and the dot-dashed line indicates the result of the including
the  $\pi \Sigma N$ channel and charge exchange diagrams.}
\label{fig:s0}
\end{figure}

In Figs. \ref{fig:s0} and  \ref{fig:s0red} we show our results. In Fig. \ref{fig:s0} we use the form factor of the deuteron for the $NN$ system and we show the results for $|T|^2$ in three options: a) Partial omission of charge exchange, using the expression obtained in \cite{melahat}

\begin{equation}
T^{(pceo)}=\frac{2 t}{1-G_0t}~;~~~t=\frac{1}{4} t^{(1)}+\frac{3}{4} t^{(0)}
\label{Eq:tknneski}
\end{equation}
By partial omission we mean that some charge exchange is accounted for when making the transition in the single
scattering from $ K^- pp $ to $\bar{K}^0 pn$, the two components of the $ \bar{K}(NN(I=1)) $ wave function. However, charge exchange in double (in multiple) scattering in the diagonal transitions $ K^- pp \rightarrow K^- pp $ would be neglected. This is unlike the $ \bar{K}(NN(I=0)) $ system where the  $ K^- (pn-np) (I=0) \rightarrow \bar{K}^0 nn$ transition in single scattering is not allowed;
b) charge exchange explicitly included, Eq. (\ref{Eq:tknncharge});
c) explicit $\pi \Sigma N$ channel added to the amplitude of Eq. (\ref{Eq:tknncharge}), as we have described in the former section.

 \begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{tmatrixred.eps}
\caption{Modulus squared of the three-body scattering amplitude for singlet (S=0) with reduced $NN$ size from \cite{Dote:2008hw}.  The solid line indicates the $\bar{K}NN$ system with partial omission of  charge exchange , the dashed line indicates the same system taking into account charge exchange diagram and the dot-dashed line indicates the result of the including
the  $\pi \Sigma N$ channel and charge exchange diagrams.}
\label{fig:s0red}
\end{figure}

We can see from the figure that the consideration of charge exchange processes reduces the binding in 4 MeV with respect to the results in \cite{melahat}. This is smaller than the 12 MeV shift found in \cite{trento} for the $S=1$ case. Also, relatively, the change is more drastic in the $S=1$ case since there was a reduction of 12 MeV  from 21 MeV, while here there is a reduction of 4 MeV over a total of 32 MeV binding. When we consider the explicit intermediate $\pi \Sigma N$ state we find an extra reduction of 1 MeV in the binding.

The results are similar, but the differences more pronounced, when we redo the calculations using the reduced $NN$ radius of \cite{Dote:2008hw} (see \cite {melahat} for details to implement the form factor with the reduced radius). As we can see in Fig. \ref{fig:s0red}, the binding goes now from about 44 MeV when partial omission of charge exchange is considered, Eq. (\ref{Eq:tknneski}), to 38 MeV when it is explicitly considered, and then to 35 MeV  when the $\pi \Sigma N$ channel is explicitly taken into account. The latter case is our final result, which provides 35 MeV binding for this system and a width of about 50 MeV.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{Tkbarn.eps}
\caption{Single scattering amplitude: Modulus squared of $ t^{(0)} $, $ t^{(1)} $, and $ \frac{3}{2}t^{(0)}+ \frac{1}{2}t^{(1)}$. The argument is $ \sqrt{s} $ for the three body system. The argument $ \sqrt{s_{1}} $ for the two body system is  obtained through Eq. (\ref{Eq:argment}). The upper x-axis scale is for  $\sqrt{s_{1}} $.}
\label{fig:kbarn}
\end{figure}

It is interesting to see the origin of the peaks in Figs. \ref{fig:s0}, \ref{fig:s0red}. For this purpose we show in Fig. \ref{fig:kbarn} the modulus squared of the $ t^{(0)} $, $ t^{(1)} $, and $ \frac{3}{2}t^{(0)}+ \frac{1}{2}t^{(1)}$  amplitudes. We see that the shape of  Figs. \ref{fig:s0}, \ref{fig:s0red} is similar to the one of the $ t^{(0)} $, which already provides a peak in the total amplitude of Eq. (\ref{Eq:tknncharge}) at the single scattering level. The multiple scattering is responsible for an extra binding of about 25 MeV and 10 MeV increase in the width.
Alternatively, we can view the $\bar{K}NN$ state as a bound $ \Lambda(1405) N $ state as suggested in \cite{oka1, oka2}. In this case Fig. \ref{fig:kbarn} could be interpreted as having a non interacting $ \Lambda(1405) N $  state, where the $ \Lambda(1405)$ has been formed in the collision of the $\bar{K}$ with one nucleon and the second one has been a spectator. Then, the results of Fig. \ref{fig:s0red}, where the $\bar{K}$ has reinteracted with the two nucleons, could be interpreted as a system where the  $ \Lambda(1405)$ has interacted with the second nucleon and a quasibound $ \Lambda(1405) N $ state is formed \cite{oka2}.

\section{Discussion and Conclusions}

We have done a derivation of the FCA to the Faddeev equations for the case of the $\bar{K}NN$ system with $S=0$, complementing what was already done in \cite{kamalov} for the $K^- d$ at threshold, extended below threshold in \cite{trento}. With this new formula we evaluate the $\bar{K}NN$ amplitude below the $\bar{K}NN$ threshold and we find a clear peak of $|T|^2$ at about  3334 MeV, reducing the former binding by about 6 MeV,  with a width of 50 MeV.  This is a moderate change with respect to the one found in \cite{melahat} ignoring the charge exchange processes, and also smaller than the effect found in \cite{trento} for the $S=1$, where the charge exchange processes was found quite important, reducing the binding of the $\bar{K}NN$ with $S=1$ in about 12 MeV.
  We have also shown that the explicit consideration of the $\pi N \Sigma$ state in the three body system is rather moderate, and goes in the direction of decreasing the binding by about  3 MeV.
  In summary, here and in \cite{trento} we have shown that the FCA to the Faddeev equations is a good tool which provides reasonable values for the binding and width of the  $\bar{K}NN$ system, corroborating qualitatively findings done with other methods which are technically much more involved. We find a binding for the $\bar{K}NN$ system with  $S=0$ of 35 MeV with a width of 50 MeV.
 This should be compared to the about 20 MeV binding in \cite{Dote:2008in, Dote:2008hw} and 16 MeV in a recent paper \cite{Barnea:2012qa} using the same input as in \cite{Dote:2008in, Dote:2008hw}. Even with these differences,  the binding obtained here is substantially smaller than other values quoted in the literature which did not use the chiral dynamical approach. As to what to attribute the difference with the results of \cite{Dote:2008in, Dote:2008hw, Barnea:2012qa}, certainly there are approximations done in the FCA. One of them, making a static picture of the two $ NN $ and using Eq. (\ref{Eq:argment}), which relates the $\bar{K}N$ effective energy to the total energy, does not consider recoil of the nucleon.

  One can make some rough estimate of this effects as follows. Since $ s_{1}=(p_{\bar{K}}+p_{N_{1}})^{2} =(P-p_{N_{2}})^{2}$, with $ P $ the total fourmomentum of the $\bar{K}NN$ system ($ P^{2}=s $), we would have
\begin{equation}
s_{1}=(\sqrt{s}-p_{N_{2}}^{0})^{2}-\vec p_{N_{2}}^{~2}
\label{Eq:yenis1}
\end{equation}
and the first term of Eq. (\ref{Eq:yenis1}) would correspond to the expression of Eq. (\ref{Eq:argment}) that neglects recoil. Continuing with the rough approximation we can think that

 \begin{equation}
\dfrac{\vec p_{N_{2}}^{~2}}{2M_{N}}\simeq B_{N}\simeq M_{N}(\dfrac{2M_{N}+m_{\bar{K}}-\sqrt{s}}{2M_{N}+m_{\bar{K}}}),
\label{Eq:yenipn2}
\end{equation}
with $ B_{N} $ the binding energy of a single nucleon,
where we have assumed the kinetic energy to be of the order of the binding energy and the binding energy of each particle proportional to its mass (this is also implicit in Eq. (\ref{Eq:argment}) (see \cite{melahat,multirho})).
 This correction results into a decrease of the binding of the $S=0$ state by about 8 MeV, bringing the results closer those of \cite{Dote:2008in, Dote:2008hw, Barnea:2012qa}. Incidentally, the $S=1$ state reported in \cite{trento} would reduce its binding by about 2-3 MeV.

 On the other hand, the variational or Faddeev approaches also have intrinsic uncertainties tied to the use of off-shell extrapolation of the amplitudes.
  To our knowledge there is only one work where the effects of these off-shell extrapolations has been studied in the three body system. This is the work of \cite{MartinezTorres:2008gy} (section V), which studies the $K \bar{K} \phi$ system with Faddeev equations, and the off-shell effects were shown to produce a shift of 40 MeV in the energy of the $ X(2175) $
 resonance (now called  $ \phi(2170) $).
 One can make some guesses on what the effects could be in the present case. The amount of 40 MeV over the excess energy of the  $ \phi(2170) $ over threshold of $K \bar{K} \phi$, 170 MeV, is about 24 \%. Thus, the same proportion applied to the binding of the $\bar{K}NN$ system found by us gives 8 MeV. Alternatively, we can look at
the differences between different approaches using the same input to give us an idea of the possible effects. Inspection of the results of \cite{Dote:2008in, Dote:2008hw,Ikeda:2010tk, Barnea:2012qa} tells us that the differences are of the order of 10 MeV. Thus, effects of the order of 10 MeV from unphysical off-shell contributions are likely in the $ S=0 $ case.
 On the other hand, the $S=1$ case of \cite{trento} could be a privileged one in this sense, since applying the same percentage as before to the 9 MeV binding found in \cite{trento}, we find likely  off-shell effects of the order of 2 MeV.
 The findings for the $S=1$ in \cite{trento}, with the uncertainties estimated here could be in agreement with the results for this case in \cite{Barnea:2012qa},  where the authors conclude that if there is a quasibound $ K^{-} d$ state it must be bound by less than about 11 MeV.

  Within the uncertainties of the method, the simplicity of the present approach allows one to get an insight on the problems, following the analytical expressions of the amplitudes.
  Ultimately, improvements on all these works could be done within the approach of
\cite{MartinezTorres:2007sr,Khemchandani:2008rk,MartinezTorres:2008gy}, which  one must encourage, which uses full Faddeev equations in coupled channels and relies upon the on-shell t-matrices alone.

  \section{Acknowledgments}
  We thank A. Gal and T. Hyodo for useful comments. This work is partly supported by DGICYT contract number
FIS2011-28853-C02-01, the Generalitat Valenciana in the program Prometeo, 2009/090. We acknowledge the support of the European Community-Research Infrastructure
Integrating Activity
Study of Strongly Interacting Matter (acronym HadronPhysics3, Grant Agreement
n. 283286)
under the Seventh Framework Programme of EU.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
NASA to design new 'Earth System Observatory' as part of national push against climate change
NASA will design new, Earth-focused missions to support our growing understanding of climate change and provide important information to those on Earth impacted by its effects, the agency announced May 24 as part of a new Biden administration plan to "enhance climate resilience."
The Biden administration, prior to meeting with climate and homeland security team members on May 24, announced earlier that day in a White House release that it will support the development of NASA's new "Earth System Observatory" — a series of next-generation climate data systems that will be used to better track climate change and its impact on communities around the world.
Additionally, the administration plans to allocate $1 billion in "pre-disaster mitigation resources," for communities impacted by "extreme weather events and other disasters," all as part of a new plan to "enhance climate resilience," according to a White House statement. The announcement did not include any information about budget or timelines for the observatory program.
Related: 2020 ties record for the hottest year ever, NASA analysis shows
"Over the past three decades, much of what we've learned about the Earth's changing climate is built on NASA satellite observations and research," NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said in a NASA statement.
"NASA's new Earth System Observatory will expand that work, providing the world with an unprecedented understanding of our Earth's climate system, arming us with next-generation data critical to mitigating climate change, and protecting our communities in the face of natural disasters."
The new observatory will follow recommendations made by the 2017 Earth Science Decadal Survey by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, which outlines guidelines for research and observations, according to the NASA statement.
With the Earth System Observatory, NASA aims to study many aspects of our home planet, including how aerosols affect the global energy balance, which scientists hope will shed light on climate predictions; clouds, convection and precipitation in the hope of improving severe weather forecasts and air quality forecasts; water levels and drought assessment to support planning for water use and disaster response; biology and geology on Earth's surface to see how climate change impacts food, agriculture, water, energy and more; and major changes in our planet's surface caused by climate change-driven disasters, according to the statement.
"As the number of extreme weather events increases due to climate change, the ability to forecast and monitor natural disasters is integral for the nation's preparation, mitigation and resilience," a White House statement reads.
Related: Earth Observing System: Monitoring the Planet's Climate
"NASA's Earth System Observatory will be a new architecture of advanced spaceborne Earth observation systems, providing the world with an unprecedented understanding of the critical interactions between Earth's atmosphere, land, ocean and ice processes," the statement continues. "These processes determine how the changing climate will play out at regional and local levels, on near and long-term time scales."
White House support for this observatory is not the first time that the Biden administration and NASA have banded together to tackle climate change. Back in March, NASA joined the White House National Climate task Force, which is being organized to "combat the climate crisis," according to the executive order that detailed the task force back in January.
"Given our unique ability to observe the planet from space and the long-term data records we've been able to assemble, NASA is in a prime position to inform policy decisions in the current administration and beyond," Gavin Schmidt, acting NASA senior climate advisor and director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, said in a NASA statement about NASA joining the task force.
Email Chelsea Gohd at cgohd@space.com or follow her on Twitter @chelsea_gohd. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Living… at the office, practically. McCroskey's job is vital: He's responsible for keeping track of all the planes in the air.
Profession… air traffic controller. McCroskey is in charge of the tower at the airport, though he carries himself with the authority of a jaded detective, constantly smoking and making wisecracks.
Interests… his several addictions. McCroskey, when stressed, needs a little something to take the edge off. At various times on this hectic evening, he says he "picked the wrong week" to quit drinking, smoking, sniffing glue and taking amphetamines.
Challenge… helping guide a troubled flight safely to the ground. When the pilots on an L.A.-to-Chicago flight fall ill, the plane finds itself in the hands of a traumatized former fighter-pilot named Ted Striker. McCroskey, with the help of Striker's former commanding officer, needs to guide him to safety.
Personality… fast-talking, no-nonsense, and straight to the point. Never without a cigarette in his hand, McCroskey doesn't have time for niceties. He won't hesitate to get down to business and tell it like it is.
Steve McCroskey's popularity ranking on CharacTour is #4301 out of 5,000+ characters. See our top-ranked characters and read their profiles.


text:
Charles George Gordon facts for kids
Charles George Gordon
Charles George Gordon (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885) was a British Army officer and mercenary. He served the Khedive of Egypt as Governor of the Sudan. He was killed by supporters of Muhammed Ahmed, the Mahdi, a rebel against Egyptian rule in the country.
The poor and the elderly
Gordon was born in London in 1833, where his father was a major in the Royal Artillery. While still a very small child the family moved to Dublin so his father could work on modernising the guns at the Pigeon House Fort. In 1837 they moved to Edinburgh when his father was posted to Leith Fort. The family were then sent to the island of Corfu where his father had to arrange for the guns to be placed in new positions. Gordon 's parents wanted him to have an English education so he was sent to Fullands School at Taunton. When he turned 14 he attended the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich. He was often bullied, and he would become quiet and withdrawn. He go for several days without speaking to anyone. He would stand still and stare at the bullies until they felt uncomfortable and stopped. Gordon was accused of having bullied other students, and was punished by having to stay at the college for another term. He passed his exams and joined the Royal Engineers on the 23 June 1852.
Gordon worked as an engineer repairing various army buildings in Chatham, and repairing the fort at Pembroke. In 1855 he was sent to the Crimean War and took part in the siege of Sebastopol. After the war, Gordon was sent to survey and map the border between Russia and the Romanian principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. In May 1857 he was sent to map the border between Russia and Turkey. He was awarded a Turkish war medal and the French Legion of Honour. Gordon returned to England at the end of 1858, where he was promoted to major, and took up a post at Chatham.
At the end of the Second Opium War in 1860, Gordon was sent to China with a force of soldiers to protect British interests. In 1863 he was put in charge of the "Ever Victorious Army", a mercenary army under the command of European officers. This army was to fight a rebellion against the Manchu by the armies of the Heavenly Kingdom. Gordon was able to create a highly disciplined and successful fighting force. By careful planning he was able to lead the Ever Victorious Army to victory of the rebels. The Chinese Emperor made him a Field Marshall in the Imperial Army and presented him with China's highest award, the peacock feather. The British Army promoted him to Lieutenant Colonel and he was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath. He returned to England at the end of 1864.
Gordon was made Commandant of Engineers at Gravesend. He had the job of repairing the forts guarding the Thames at Gravesend and Tilbury. Gordon was horrified by the number of poor people, especially old people and children. A man of strong religious belief, Gordon felt is was his duty to God to help provide food, clothing and education for these people. He spent about 90% of his army pay on the poor. The poor boys he called "Wangs", after the Chinese Princes of the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace.
Charles Gordon as a tidu (Captain General)
Gordon Gardens, Gravesend
General Gordon in Egyptian uniform
Gordon caricatured by Ape in Vanity Fair in 1881
Muhammad Ahmad, the self-proclaimed Mahdi
General Gordon in Khartoum
General Gordon's Last Stand, by George W. Joy
Gordon's head shown to Slatin
General Charles George Gordon Statue in Gravesend
Statue in Gordon Reserve, Melbourne, Australia
Statue on the Victoria Embankment, London
Charles George Gordon Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


text:
Minorities Gain Ground in Technology
Tyrone Taborn is chief executive officer, editor and publisher at the Career Communications Group Inc. in Baltimore.
Jul 17, 2007 3:00 AM (178 days ago) by Andrew Parchman, The Examiner
BALTIMORE (Map, News) – Technology is the future of minority business.
As much a public leader as a businessman, Tyrone Taborn fused his interests in technology with his desire to aid his community 25 years ago when he founded Career Communications Group, of which he is president and chief executive officer.
Career Communications Group, a talent management and career development company in Baltimore, publishes several national magazines and Web sites about technology and minorities.
Recently, Taborn was named one of the 50 most important African-Americans in technology and a "HistoryMaker" — a person "who by his or her own accomplishments has made significant strides … with a particular movement, organization or association that is important to the African-American community," the HistoryMaker foundation's Web site states. Other HistoryMakers include Chicago Cubs legend Ernie Banks and Sen.Barack Obama, D-Ill..
(Story continues here)
Technology is the Root of All Evil by Philip Emeagwali
According to history books, gun-wielding European slave traders kidnapped one in five Africans and transported them across the oceans to the Americas. A less visible, but no means less drastic technological tool of suppression, is the compass, a device used worldwide for navigation. In the same way that Britain used its maritime knowledge and the US harnessed its intellectual capital to rule the world, the early slave traders used the simple compass to wreak havoc on civilization.
It is a sad fact that the innocuous navigation tool originated during and was fuelled by the Atlantic slave trade. The technological development of the innocent compass, invented in China for religious divination 2,000 years ago, allowed Africa to be ravaged in unspeakable ways.
It was the compass that created the Atlantic slave trade, enabling the early colonial navigators – and their blood merchants – to chart an accurate course from Gorée Island, off the coast of Senegal, to Brazil; paving the way for the trans-Atlantic slave trade, which began on August 8, 1444. This trade in human merchandise covered four continents and lasted four centuries, and serves as a shameful beacon for the depravity of human greed and conquest.
The compass became the de facto weapon of mass destruction, which led to the de-capitalization and decapitation of Africa. It created the African Diaspora with one in five people taken out of the motherland. It was the largest and most brutal displacement of human beings in human history.
Today, it is hard to imagine that such destruction and the wholesale abduction of a race could result from a tool as common as the compass. Yet, as a people who survived the slave trade, we must draw our strength from lessons learned from the past and draw our energy from the power of the future. And the power of the future lies in "controlling" technology and harnessing it for the benefit of mankind, not for his destruction.
The people of Africa must take note that the Internet is our modern-day compass, and within it resides our own clay of wisdom. As we prepare for our great journey into the cyberspace of the future, with its technological promise – its clay of wisdom – we must understand the strategic value and potential of this all-important tool. Our image of the future inspires the present and the present serves to create the future.
Africa's lack of substantial technological knowledge of the Internet and its potential may lead it to be assaulted or manipulated in unexpected ways, just as it was devastated generations ago for the lack of a simple compass. We didn't recognize the power of the compass then; the danger is that we don't recognize the power of technology today. While Africa merely contemplates the future, the West, the quickest off the mark to wield technology's weapons, actually makes the future.
This fact, and how the power of technology can be wielded against the poor, was brought home to me clearly when I received the following email recently:
"About a year ago, I hired a developer in Africa to do my job. I am paying him $12,000 a year to do my job, for which I am paid $67,000 a year," the sender wrote. "He's happy to have the work and I'm happy that I have to work only 90 minutes a day. Now I'm considering getting a second job and doing the same thing."
Technology in the hands of others has been used to exploit Africa for centuries. But now it's time for Africa to grasp technology and finally embrace the modern age's clay of wisdom and advancement. Africa has the chance to show the world how technology can be used for good, not evil. And the people of Africa can use today's technology, not to mimic their own exploitation, but to right the wrongs of the past and empower themselves with the same tool that has been used to oppress them in the past. Africa can provide a shining example for the world in using technology for its own upliftment and the benefit of mankind.
This time, it is our choice.
Excerpted from a keynote speech delivered by Philip Emeagwali at the African Diaspora Conference in Tucson, Arizona. For the entire transcript and video, visit emeagwali.com.
Nigerian-born Philip Emeagwali won the 1989 Gordon Bell Prize, the Nobel Prize of supercomputing. He has been called "a father of the Internet" by CNN and TIME; extolled as "one of the great minds of the Information Age" by former US president Bill Clinton; and voted history's greatest scientist of African descent by New African.


A depressing season for Liverpool comes to an end this afternoon with a game at relegated Hull that seems like a case of going through the motions. But it's more than that for at least one of Liverpool's squad. 16-year-old academy player Jack Robinson is on the bench and would become the club's youngest-ever first team player if the manager brought him on.
Will it be Rafa's last game in charge? Despite the speculation it seems unlikely, but it really is difficult to work out what happens next for a club that is falling apart from above, and too hard to tell which of the squad – or those out through injury or otherwise – will be a part of the club's plans for next season.
Yossi Benayoun is believed to have played his last game for the club, but if the chairman is to be believed Fernando Torres hasn't.
But can we believe the chairman? That is the sort of question all Liverpool fans must strive to find an answer to, because the truth has been a stranger to the Anfield boardroom for far too long.
Next Next post: 25 years – Remembering the victims of the Bradford City fire.


text:
Rothneyia wroughtoni är en stekelart som beskrevs av Cameron 1897. Rothneyia wroughtoni ingår i släktet Rothneyia och familjen brokparasitsteklar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Brokparasitsteklar
wroughtoni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The artist's sea paintings show he had substance – but what if the waves weren't the only thing attracting him to the beach?
The reputation of John Singer Sargent, the oleaginous American dandy with the extra-quick hands, has gone through something of a rebuild recently. Nobody has ever doubted that Sargent could chuck paint around with marvellous skill. That was obvious to all. Even grumpy old Rodin called him "the Van Dyck of his times". For most of the 20th century, however, Sargent's skills as a portraitist were deemed to be meretricious. His speciality — the wafer-thin English countess leaning against an Adam fireplace — was a subject progressive aesthetics looked down on. There are various centuries in which being the Van Dyck of your times would have been considered an achievement, but the 20th was not one of them.
Just lately, though, as the stern world-view of the holocaust century recedes into history, we have grown more forgiving. A few years ago, an ambitious retrospective at the Tate proved immensely popular with gallery-goers. Among critics, too, the opinion was enlarging that Sargent's skills had been undervalued. Now the Royal Academy has steered us away from his portraiture altogether by mounting an intriguing survey of his sea paintings.
Sargent and the Sea seeks to understand his career-long love of beaches and getaways as the fruitful by-product of his restless origins. He was born in Florence in 1856, to expatriate Americans who were happily bumming around Europe, floating from capital to capital, staying where they wanted, seeing what they wanted. Dad had the money; Mum had the snobbery and the art tastes. When their eldest son showed obvious signs of artistic talent, they sent him to Paris to study under the haughtiest painter at the salon, the appalling Carolus Duran, a man so full of himself, you wonder where his vital organs were squeezed in.
Of all the painters to whom Sargent could have been shipped, Carolus was perhaps the most dangerous. Nearly modern, nearly brilliant, nearly insightful, he was much too fond of appearances — particularly his own — to risk a genuine visual upset. Pretty much all the accusations later levelled at Sargent could be levelled at his teacher.
This display begins with a short documentary precis of Sargent's own wanderings, topped off by one of the most pleasing pictures in the show. Painted circa 1875, while he was already in Carolus's atelier, Seascape with Rocks is a view of the Brittany coast at a drab twilight. The sea is grey. The rocks are brown. The location is unspectacular. Nothing here gives the painter an easy route to an impressive conclusion, but Sargent fixes on the quietude and makes the scene magical by blurring the divide between sea and sky into a beautiful meeting of opalescent whites. These are delightful effects that are common in pearls and certain types of English countess. But rare in seascapes.
Unfortunately, Sargent's taste for the pearly becomes a shortcoming when directed at bigger and wilder waters. In 1876, when he was 20, his mother took him on his first trip to America. On the journey, he recorded the action at sea in a series of jaunty sketches. These were later worked up into two showy set pieces that are the exhibition's next focus.
Atlantic Storm was a conscious attempt to echo Turner, the king of the sea, whom Sargent much admired. Ninety per cent of the picture describes the sea in one of its satanic moods. A huge wall of water looms over a small ship that bobs about in the swell, like a tiny cork in a big Jacuzzi. Inspired by a real storm Sargent had sailed through on his return to Europe, the painting does some things well: a dramatic composition, an inventive angle of view. Where it goes awry is in the actual treatment of the waves, which is smudgy and approximate. The coloration, too, feels artificially bright, as if the Mediterranean were pretending to be the Atlantic.
Sargent produced a sister painting of a sunset that also hangs here, also pays homage to Turner and also features a huge expanse of the Atlantic. This time, the coloration is pearly grey, which Sargent does beautifully, set off with a few exquisite glows of sunset orange. Unarguably pretty, Atlantic Sunset has martinis flowing through its arteries, rather than lava. Where a Turner sunset is related to a nuclear explosion and burns your eyes with its fiery reds and uncontrollable yellows, a Sargent sunset would look good on the back of an art deco hairbrush.
Most of his subsequent involvement with the sea is actually an involvement with beaches and boats, both of which he enjoyed messing about on. Like Carolus, Sargent accepted enough of the impressionist rethink to quicken his paintwork, but never enough to be truly revolutionary. The result is a painterly breeziness that gives his scenes of Brittany an unfixed quality, as if the jelly hadn't set. It's particularly true of En route pour la pêche, the ambitious set piece he aimed at the Paris salon in 1878, for which the sketches are more pleasing than the final painting.
The show's most tempting picture, A Boat in the Waters off Capri, painted in 1878, looks down on a rowing boat moored in the crystal-clear waters of a sandy bay. If not for the shadow cast on the sea bed by the boat, you would hardly know there was water there at all. Yes, there is something of the travel brochure about this perfect Mediterranean view, but these are early days to get the Thomas Cook mood exactly right.
The final section features Sargent in Venice. I found it particularly disappointing. Again, it isn't the sea that attracts him here, but the waterside. Where most painters who come to Venice admire the intoxicating light conditions, Sargent manages to make the Serenissima appear claustrophobic, cluttered and muddy. Shuffling about the canals in a gondola, more often than not he stares up at some famous Venetian vista through a crisscross of masts and riggings. As an angle of view, it has more in common with scenes of Golgotha than with the usual treatments of Venice. If we must venture some psychology here, I would describe these as the works of a dark, knotted, inhibited psyche.


text:
Morris Louis Bernstein (November 28, 1912 – September 7, 1962), known professionally as Morris Louis, was an American painter. During the 1950s he became one of the earliest exponents of Color Field painting. While living in Washington, D.C., Louis, along with Kenneth Noland and other Washington painters, formed an art movement that is known today as the Washington Color School.

Early life and education
From 1929 to 1933, he studied at the Maryland Institute of Fine and Applied Arts (now Maryland Institute College of Art) on a scholarship, but left shortly before completing the program. Louis worked at various odd jobs to support himself while painting, and in 1935 was president of the Baltimore Artists' Association. From 1936 to 1940, he lived in New York City and worked in the easel division of the Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project. During this period, he knew Arshile Gorky, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and Jack Tworkov. He also dropped his last name.

Work

Color field painting
He returned to his native Baltimore in 1940 and taught privately. In 1948, he pioneered the use of Magna paint - a newly developed oil-based acrylic paint made for him by his friends, New York paintmakers Leonard Bocour and Sam Golden. In 1952, Louis moved to Washington, D.C. Living in Washington, D.C., he was somewhat apart from the New York scene and he was working almost in isolation. During the 1950s he and a group of artists that included Kenneth Noland, Gene Davis, Thomas Downing, Howard Mehring, Anne Truitt and Hilda Thorpe among others were central to the development of Color Field painting. The basic point about Louis's work and that of other Color Field painters, sometimes known as the Washington Color School in contrast to most of the other new approaches of the late 1950s and early 1960s, is that they greatly simplified the idea of what constitutes the look of a finished painting. They continued in a tradition of painting exemplified by Jackson Pollock, Barnett Newman, Clyfford Still, Mark Rothko, Robert Motherwell, and Ad Reinhardt. Eliminating gestural, compositional drawing in favor of large areas of raw canvas, solid planes of thinned and fluid paint, utilizing an expressive and psychological use of flat, and intense color and allover, repetitive composition. One of Louis's most important series of Color Field paintings were his Unfurleds.

Stain painting
All of the Color Field artists were concerned with the classic problems of pictorial space and the flatness of the picture plane. In 1953, Louis and Noland visited Helen Frankenthaler's New York studio, where they saw and were greatly impressed by her stain paintings, especially Mountains and Sea (1952). Upon their return to Washington, Louis and Noland together experimented with various techniques of paint application. Louis characteristically applied extremely diluted, thinned paint to an unprimed, unstretched canvas, allowing it to flow over the inclined surface in effects sometimes suggestive of translucent color veils. The importance of Frankenthaler's example in Louis's development of this technique has been noted. Louis reported that he thought of Frankenthaler as the bridge between Jackson Pollock and the possible. However, even more so than Frankenthaler, Louis eliminated the brush gesture, although his flat, thin pigment is at times modulated in billowing and subtle tones.

In 1954, Louis produced his mature Veil Paintings, which were characterized by overlapping, superimposed layers of transparent color poured onto and stained into sized or unsized canvas. The Veil Paintings consist of waves of brilliant, curving color-shapes submerged in translucent washes through which separate colors emerge principally at the edges. Although subdued, the resulting color is immensely rich. In another series, the artist used long parallel bands and stripes of pure color arranged side by side in rainbow effects.  The painting Tet is a good example of his Veil Paintings.

The thinned acrylic paint was allowed to stain the canvas, making the pigment at one with the canvas as opposed to "on top".  This conformed to Greenberg's conception of "Modernism" as it made the entire picture plane flat.

Late paintings

Louis destroyed many of his paintings between 1955 and 1957. He resumed work on the Veils in 1958–59. These were followed by Florals and Columns (1960), Alephs (1960), Unfurleds (1960–61) — in which rivulets of more opaque, intense color flow from both sides of large white fields of raw canvas — and finally the Stripe paintings (1961–62). Between summer 1960 and January/February 1961, he created about 150 Unfurleds, generally on mural-size canvases.

Artworks (selection)

 Untitled, 1959–60, the Doris and Donald Fisher Collection at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in the Approaching American Abstraction Exhibition

Exhibitions
A memorial exhibition of Louis' work was held at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 1963. Major Louis exhibitions were also organized by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, in 1967 and the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., in 1976.  In 1986 there was an important retrospective exhibition of his works at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York. During 2007-2008 an important retrospective was held by museums in San Diego, at the Museum of Contemporary Art, in Atlanta at the High Museum, and in Washington, DC. at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.

Art market
In 2015, a striped canvas by Louis, Number 36 (1962), from the collection of Lord Anthony and Lady Evelyn Jacobs sold for £1.5 million at Christie's London.

Personal life
He married Marcella Siegel in 1947. She supported him throughout his career and in memory of him she supported one artist every year through the Morris Louis Fellowship at George Washington University.

Death
Morris Louis was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1962 and soon after died at his home in Washington, D.C. on September 7, 1962. The cause of his illness was attributed to prolonged exposure to paint vapours.  The Estate of Morris Louis is represented exclusively by Diane Upright, a former professor of fine art at Harvard University.

See also
 Color field painting
 Washington Color School
 Post-painterly abstraction
 Magna paint

References

Sources
 Greenberg, Clement. Late Writings, edited by Robert C. Morgan, St. Paul: University of Minnesota Press, 2003.
The Columbia Encyclopedia
Kleiner, Fred S.; and Mamiya, Christin J., Gardner's Art Through the Ages (2004). Volume II. Wadsworth Publishing. .
Schwabsky, Barry. "Irreplaceable Hue - Color Field Painting." Art Forum 1994. Look Smart 20 April 2007.
Color As Field:American Painting, 1950-1975., retrieved December 7, 2008
Wilkin, Karen and Belz, Carl. Color As Field:American Painting, 1950-1975. Published: Yale University Press; 1 edition (November 29, 2007). ,
De Antonio, Emile and Tuchman, Mitchell. Painters Painting A Candid History of The Modern Art Scene, 1940–1970, Abbeville Press 1984,
Various authors: Barbara Rose, Gerald Nordland, Walter Hopps, Hardy S. George; Breaking the Mold, Selections from the Washington Gallery of Modern Art, 1961–1968, exhibition catalogue, Oklahoma City Museum of Art 2007,
 Carmean, E.A. Toward Color and Field, Exhibition Catalogue, Houston Museum of Fine Arts, 1971.
 Carmean, E.A. Helen Frankenthaler A Paintings Retrospective, Exhibition Catalog, Harry N. Abrams in conjunction with The Museum of Modern Art, Fort Worth,
 Henning, Edward B. Color & Field, Art International May 1971: 46–50.
 Tucker, Marcia. The Structure of Color, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, 1971.
 Michael Fried. Morris Louis, Harry N. Abrams, Library of Congress Number: 79-82872

External links
 Morris Louis - Official website
 Morris Louis at the National Gallery of Art

 Tate Collection Page
 2007 Retrospective
 "Morris Louis Now: An American Master Revisited", September 20, 2007 to January 6, 2008
 Morris Louis - Artist Overview on The Art Story Foundation

1912 births
1962 deaths
Abstract expressionist artists
Abstract painters
20th-century American painters
American male painters
Baltimore City College alumni
Deaths from lung cancer
Jewish American artists
Jewish painters
Maryland Institute College of Art alumni
Modern painters
Artists from Baltimore
Works Progress Administration workers
Painters from Maryland
Painters from Washington, D.C.
Artists from Washington, D.C.
Artists from Maryland
20th-century American Jews
20th-century American male artists


Thorlabs offers a wide variety of collimation and coupling components that can be used to effectively collimate or couple light out of and into FC/PC, FC/APC, or SMA terminated fiber. Optical isolators help protect sensitive laser sources and components from back reflections while fiber couplers, WDMs, circulators, and switches are the fundamental tools to creating fiber based optical circuits. We also offer a line of components for optogenetics applications, including fiber optic cannulae, patch cords, and light sources.


text:
/**
 * Author : Sankara Reddy Telukutla
 * Jul 21, 2014  11:03:11 PM
 *
 */
package com.itreddys.evillage.dao;

import java.util.List;

import com.itreddys.evillage.bean.Account;
import com.itreddys.evillage.exception.eVillageException;

/**
 *
 */
public interface AccountDAO {
	public List<Account> findAll() throws eVillageException;

	/**
	 * @param account
	 * @return
	 */
	public boolean authenticate(Account account) throws eVillageException;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Trump team is taking the healthcare.gov site offline during the annual signup period — a stunt they have already tried, and failed, to use to reduce health care signups.
After Republicans repeatedly failed to repeal Obamacare, the Trump administration started trying to sabotage the popular health care law in any way it could.
But Team Trump's latest stunt is one they have already tried, and failed, to use to keep people from signing up for health care: shutting down the signup website for 12 hours every Sunday for "maintenance."
From Nov. 1 to Dec. 15, during the open enrollment period for those needing coverage in 2019, the administration has scheduled maintenance that will take the crucial healthcare.gov website offline from 12 a.m. to 12 p.m. every Sunday.
For many Americans, weekends are the only time they have to sit down and figure out their health care. Making the government's insurance exchange portal unavailable for half of every Sunday might prevent some citizens from signing up for affordable health care plans.
The administration pulled this same stunt last year, taking the healthcare.gov website offline for 12 hours on Sundays during the open enrollment period.
But that attempt failed. Visits to the website during the open enrollment period for 2018 coverage actually increased compared to the previous year.
Trump also tried to sabotage the health care system by eliminating certain subsidies for coverage. He did this even though the assistance for low- and middle-income earners disproportionately went to states Trump won in 2016.
That didn't really work either.
At the end of the year, the government reported that 11.8 million Americans signed up for 2018 health care exchange plans during the open enrollment period, just a slight dip from the 12.2 million who signed up for 2017 plans.
Ever since President Barack Obama signed the Affordable Care Act in 2010, Republicans have pushed to repeal it without concern for the millions of Americans who would suffer as a result.
The GOP efforts under Trump to repeal the law and replace it, with a much worse alternative that would have stripped health coverage from millions, came up short.
Yet Republicans remain fixated on sabotaging Americans' access to affordable health care. And even if their sabotage efforts don't work, they're always willing to try again.


The Scottish Government's Homelessness and Rough Sleeping Action Group has set out new recommendations in order to meet the commitment to eradicate rough sleeping in Scotland.
This builds on the previous recommendations from the group in November 2017, 'Tackling rough sleeping this winter', which was backed by an initial £328,000 worth of investment from the government and group members.
The Scottish Government will provide an further £150,000 to continue some of the services to summer whilst the latest recommendations are taken forward.
"As we come out of a particularly bad winter period, the action group's work so far has been vital in ensuring front-line staff are supported and that people are helped to move into safe and warm places to stay. Additional funding will allow the work that has taken place in our main cities to continue while we take the group's hard work forwards."
"Nobody in Scotland should have to endure the danger and indignity of sleeping rough. [...] We can end rough sleeping in Scotland. Other countries and cities around the world have done it, so we know it's possible. With the right political will and momentum, we can make this a reality in Scotland too."
You can find out more about the Homelessness and Rough Sleeping Action Group, its work, and the recommendations by following the links below.


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EMPLOYEE BENEFITS IN THE SPOTLIGHT AS 'WAR FOR TALENT' HOTS UP
Financial Advisers Manchester-IFA » News » EMPLOYEE BENEFITS IN THE SPOTLIGHT AS 'WAR FOR TALENT' HOTS UP
The Benefit of Employee Benefits
The number of people in work in the UK stands at a record high and the unemployment rate is at its lowest since 1975. Consequently there is a 'war for talent' as employers seek to stand out from the crowd to attract and retain the best staff. Speaking at a recent event, Pareto Financial Planning's Alan Makinson said employee benefits have become a key part of this changing landscape. Alan, who leads Pareto's dedicated employee benefits team, gave a presentation at a summit organised by accounting and business advisory firm HURST at its offices in Stockport.
Pareto has partnered with HURST to provide entrepreneurial clients with an additional financial planning service. The event was for HR and finance professionals seeking to find out more about the benefits available, how they work in practice, and how companies can improve the productivity of their workforce.
Alan updated the audience on the sector as a whole while also speaking about the opportunities and potential pitfalls regarding employee benefits.
He said companies are now offering more and improved benefits, including those which focus on employee wellbeing, while at the same time jobseekers are increasingly expecting an attractive package when considering a new role. Employee benefits are regarded as a key element of efforts to retain, reward and attract staff as well as looking after the workforce, said Alan.
"There is a war for talent. As a result, employers are using benefits to stand out from the competition," he told the gathering. Alan added that employers increasingly recognise a link between staff wellbeing and productivity and many have introduced a range of perks which reflect this concern.
However, traditional benefits such as workplace pensions are still viewed by employees as the most valuable, ahead of benefits such as childcare vouchers, private medical cover, life insurance, cycle-to-work incentives, gym membership and retail or leisure discounts.
Alan, who has more than 30 years' experience in the sector, said companies often neglect reviewing the benefits they have in place, and he cited several examples which demonstrate the importance of a regular review.
Group life insurance scheme. This provides a lump sum death benefit, typically as a multiple of salary. It is a low-cost, high-value benefit. Pareto's case involved a director with pension benefits worth about £300,000 who is a member of the company's death-in-service scheme, with cover of £1m. Should he pass away, the total of these benefits would be tested against his lifetime pension allowance of £1.03m. Therefore, his benefits would exceed the limit by £270,000, which would incur up to a 55 per cent tax charge , leaving his family facing a tax bill of up to £148,500.
Pareto's solution was to alter the existing death-in-service scheme to an 'unapproved ' scheme which would not be tested against the lifetime allowance. This would mean only the director's pension benefits of £300,000 would be tested against the lifetime allowance.
*Use for guidance only
Group income protection. This is designed to provide an income to employees in the event of long-term illness or injury. This case involved an employer who offered this benefit to all staff, but questioned its cost and value. The package involved offering 50 per cent of an employee's salary minus long-term state incapacity benefit. The policy was costing the employer £11,000 a year. Pareto's solution was to revise the level of cover, rising to 60 per cent of salary for managers. The deduction for state incapacity benefit was removed. A fixed term of two years' cover was introduced for non-managerial staff. These measures were possible with no change to the annual cost of the policy.
Private medical insurance under a group policy which provides cover for all employees. This case involved a national firm with over 300 staff. Its policy was due for renewal with an annual premium of £276,000, and the company came to Pareto for advice and assistance. Brokering the policy found that the most competitive provider would charge £247,000, so we informed the existing provider who immediately reduced its premium to £230,000. The alternative provider revised its quote to £215,000 and our client switched to them, saving £61,000 on the premium which had been quoted initially.
This highlights the value of a market review and advice. The brokering process is very common and is good practice.
The importance of reviewing your workplace pension and employee benefits
Alan also highlighted changes to minimum pension contribution rates which come into force in April. He urged employers to regularly review their pension costs and their providers, and to consider salary sacrifice schemes to achieve savings. He also urged the audience to review their traditional employee benefits, and spoke about the importance of providing financial education to staff.
There is a growing desire for financial education in the workplace, which can help reduce stress and increase motivation. It helps staff to understand the value of the benefits on offer, and the impact on them, said Alan. Adam Hogwood, of employee benefits provider Caboodle Technology, also spoke at the event.
We have a specialist employee benefits team spearheaded by experienced EB consultant Alan Makinson.
Pareto Staff Choose Lifeshare As The Firm's Charity of The Year
Trailblazers share their succession planning stories


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The Patriots and Trojans will meet Friday at 2:30 p.m. CST at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis for the Class 3A state title. This will be the eighth meeting between the two programs in the postseason and it's been almost pure dominance by Chatard. The Trojans have won six of the seven previous matchups with their lone loss coming in the 2004 semistate.
However, both teams know that past games mean almost nothing when it comes to this year's contest between the No. 1 and No. 2 ranked programs in 3A. Here's a look at each team's offense, defense, special teams and what both programs need to accomplish to come away with a state championship.
Offense: Standout athletes galore on both sides
It's not exactly a secret what Heritage Hills wants to do when they get the ball on offense. They've ran the ball 534 times this season compared to just 67 passing attempts. However, even with an offense that isn't necessarily balanced they've had a tremendous amount of success.
Seniors Jacob Wetzel, Phoenix Rodgers and Cole Sigler have all rushed for over 600 yards and double-digit touchdowns. As a team, they've rushed for over 200 yards in all 14 games this season. Heritage Hills head coach Todd Wilkerson knows against a team such as Chatard that they're going to have to determine which way the games goes early.
"We have to be able to move the chains, we have to go into this game with the mindset that we had against Gibson Southern's high-powered offense in the past," Wilkerson said. "We want to control the tempo of the game but we're going to have to hit some big plays as well, I don't think you can just gain four yards at a time and beat a team like this."
When Chatard head coach Rob Doyle watches the Patriots on offense, he admits their flexbone option style isn't something that's very commonly seen with the opponents the Trojans face.
"It almost reminds me of Navy or Army the way their offense works - that's not something you usually see in this part of the state," Doyle said. "We're going to have to figure out how to adjust to what they do pretty fast or else it might be a long day for us."
Chatard has a mixed bag of weapons on offense as they rank eighth in the entire state with an average of 44 points per game. They sport a 2,000-yard passer in senior Kyle Cheek, a 2,000 yard rusher in senior Daylen Taylor and a 1,000-yard receiver in Andrew Sowinski.
"We've got a lot of different things they're going to have to try and stop," Doyle said. "We do a little bit of everything."
Defense: Points will come at a premium
While both Heritage Hills and Chatard have put up high scoring totals in their postseason games to this point, there's a good chance that may come to an end on Friday. Both teams rank in the top 30 in the state when it comes to their defense as the Patriots are 2nd with 6.93 points allowed while the Trojans come in at 26th as they give up just a little over 12 points a game.
The Patriots will play several different coverages and they have a boatload of guys who can get to the ball in a hurry. Wetzel and Rodgers lead the way with 124 total tackles while senior defensive lineman Mark Doyle has been a captain in the trenches, placing pressure on opposing offenses from the opening snap. They've also set a school record with 27 interceptions already this season, led by Sigler's eight picks and junior Adam Guth's five takeaways.
However, Wilkerson believes the Patriots still need to work on something simple -- tackling. A missed tackle led to a Danville touchdown in last Friday's semistate game.
"We had some guys in position last week (to make tackles) and were able to hit some ball carriers but then we slid off," Wilkerson said. "We have to make sure we gang tackle and have a lot of guys getting to the ball."
Defensively, the Trojans are loaded with tons of talent. There's senior linebacker Wyatt Schrader, who Doyle said is "probably one of the top linebackers in Chatard history." Along with all-city senior defensive tackle George Assalley and standout senior starting safety Patrick Mastrian, Chatard has plenty of weapons that can force turnovers and miscues in a hurry.
Looking at what Chatard does defensively, it's safe to say that Wilkerson is almost in awe.
"When you watch them on film, you don't see too many teams scoring on them," Wilkerson said. "They're just so fast and athletic, I described it to somebody else as it seems like they have three linemen and eight linebackers running around - that's how athletic they are."
Special teams: Confident kickers a key
When it comes to a strong kicking game, Heritage Hills and Chatard may be two of the state's poster boys. Junior Ethan Hill is 45-of-48 on extra points this season for the Patriots while Chatard senior George Forsee is an eye-popping 83-of-84 on PATs in 2019.
Both teams have also been led by reliable punters. Guth averages 42 yards per punt for the Patriots while sophomore Jack Annee has totaled over 1,000 yards on just 33 punts for Chatard.
The two programs also have prided themselves on having dangerous kick and punt returners. Sigler has already returned two scores for the Patriots this season while Sowinski took back a punt return for a touchdown earlier this season and can cut past defenders with ease.
"We have to stress to our kids this week that a team like Chatard is going to have better athletes on their special teams," Wilkerson said. "Making sure we're locked in and focusing on the little details is going to be key."
Adjustments can make or break the game
When asked what the first thing they notice about their opponent is, both coaches were quick to mention that each team provides a unique challenge that neither program has truly seen yet this season.
For Chatard, the best way to combat that is by focusing on the aspects they know well. With that, they believe they'll be able to make the Patriots uncomfortable from the start.
"With multiple ways we can run our offense, we're going to show them a lot of different things," Doyle said. "We have to be able to take away some of the things the other team wants to do."
The "little things" are something that Wilkerson and the Patriots pride themselves on keeping clean week in and week out. In fact, it's something that could be the difference between winning and losing a state championship.
What's the most important one this week? After committing nine penalties for 85 yards last week against Danville, the Patriots know that number has to be significantly lower.
"A 10-yard penalty when you're a running team hurts. We can't have 1st-and-20 plays," Wilkerson said. "I want to see those penalties minimized or gone completely - we have to be able to execute our offense."
Contact Courier & Press sports reporter Hendrix Magley via email at hendrix.magley@courierpress.com or via Twitter @TweetsOfHendrix.
IHSAA state football championships
Class 3A: Heritage Hills (14-0) vs Bishop Chatard (13-1), 2:30 p.m. CST
Class 4A: Memorial (12-1) vs East Noble (14-0), 2:30 p.m. CST


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Oppo A1K Arrives In Russia
Nisha Shiwani
Oppo's latest midrange smartphone has arrived in Russia, the Oppo A1k. It got certified in Thailand and some of its specs leaked last month. Thanks to the Russian release, the official list of specifications of the A1k is here.
A1 Launched Last Year
For those who don't know, the A1k is new model of the Oppo A1 midrange handset. The A1 launched about a year back with same specifications but the latest one has a water drop notch and removes the fingerprint scanner to keep cost lower.
The A1k has a 6.1-inch display with a resolution of 1560 x 720 px along with 19.5:9 aspect ratio. A waterdrop notch helps the phone attain an 87.4% screen to body ratio. The display panel is supported by Gorilla Glass 3.
Rumored To Be Coming India Soon
There's a MediaTek Helio P22 supporting the hardware with 2GB of RAM+32GB of internal storage. Android 9 Pie is pre-loaded in the form of Oppo's Color OS 6.0. There is a single camera around back, it's an 8MP snapper with f/2.2 aperture and dual-LED flash. The selfie camera, a 5MP shooter with f/2.0 aperture.
The device supports FM Radio, dual SIM cards, and a 3.5mm headphone connection. It houses a 4,000 mAh battery and is rechargeable through a microUSB port.
This device is also believed to be coming to Indian market soon. Reportedly, retail sources disclosed that Oppo A1k will cost Rs 7,990 when it comes in India.
Related Topics:oppo a1oppo A1K
Crisis time ahead in our electoral process; Time to revisit and reinvent our electoral decision making process
Priyanka lambasts Smriti Irani for her remarks against the poor of Amethi wearing torn shoes. Blames ruling party of shutting down pro people projects opened by Rahul
Nisha Shiwani More from the Author
Nisha Shiwani hails from the pink city of Jaipur and is a prolific writer on a wide variety of topics. She loves to write on Real Estate/Property, Automobiles, and the Education vertical. She has a strong inclination towards Finance and about the latest developments in the Technology space and also writes on the same.
Conscientious journalist Mohd Sahil Maqbool is no more. Condolence meeting at PCI on 24th March
YET ONE MORE BLUDGEONING OF A NEWLY MARRIED WOMEN IN DHARCHULA, UTTARAKHAND
NASA scraps all-women space walk for lack of well-fitting suits
Forest fires create havoc in Uttarakhand. 6 die while dowsing jungle fire.
Action will be taken against the BJP lawmaker says Anil Baluni MP
Would Congress Party see its fortune's revival after Rahul's elevation to the top slot?
Earthquake shakes Delhi - waking up people from sleep
Embroidery on denim is a stylish yet funky fashion. Though it began a few years ago, it's still in fashion and always offers a trendy look with super fun. Since many don't have an embroidery machine, so it becomes tough to design some embroidery on jeans by yourself. For this, we have an excellent idea. Just grab a vintage silk embroidered fabric and carefully cut out the floral embroidered designs and then stitch them onto your jeans manually.
1. A pair of jeans which should not be stretchable denim!
2. Any fabric with pretty embroidery of your choice on it or patches.
3. Scissors, needle and matching thread.
Here how to proceed:
Carefully cut out the embroidered patches and leave about a little fabric around the edges. Make sure not to cut into the embroidery or it will loosen.
Place the patches on the jeans and decide where exactly you want your embroidery to be fixed. Then, carefully pin the embroidery piece in place.
Now begin with stitching, run the needle/thread around the edges with a hemstitch and make sure to run it through the sides or the edges of the embroidery, so that the thread loops will keep it in place.
And there you have your trendy pair of denim…
Happy DIY!! 
Brown rice is considered as the healthier substitute to white rice as its outer layer known as the hull is removed while processing. Therefore, white rice or refined rice may score higher in terms of taste and flavor but is a lack of essential nutrients. Brown rice is rich in fiber content, consuming in small portions of it make you feel fuller, thus helping in weight loss.
Here's presenting a brown rice recipe to motivate you to adopt healthy food habit.
Mutton Khichda
Mutton khichda is a traditional Mohammedan recipe made from rice, mutton, lentils, and other spices.
Ingredients needed: 500 gms wheat (cracked and cooked tender), one cup rice, one cup channa dal, one cup split arhar/tur daal, one cup sabut masoor dal, one cup dhuli moong dal, One kg mutton, one cup oil, five cloves, five peppercorns, one tsp cumin, one tsp cinnamon (broken), one cup onions chopped, four tsp chili powder, two tbsp coriander powder, one tsp garam masala, two Tbsp ginger-green chili-coriander leaves paste and salt to taste.
For garnishing: fried onions (brown and crisp), ginger julienne, mint leaves, and green chilies
Let's cook:
1. Mix all the dals and rice then add 3 cups of water and salt. Cook all till it becomes tender.
2. Heat oil, add cinnamon, peppercorns, cloves, cumin, and saute till they change color a bit.
3. Then add chopped onions, mutton along with chili powder, coriander powder, garam masala, salt, and the green paste.
4. Keep stir-frying till meat turns opaque, then transfer it in a pressure cooker and cook until the meat is tender.
5. Then mix the meat along with cooked wheat and dal mixture and then simmer for 2 to 3 minutes.
6. Garnish with fried onions (brown and crisp), ginger julienne, mint leaves, and green chilies and serve.
Mushroom Brown Rice
Mushrooms are major flavor agent in this recipe also offers a protein-rich meal seasoned with mild salt and pepper.
Ingredients needed: one cup brown basmati rice (washed), 9 to 10 mushrooms (washed and sliced), one onion (chopped). Half cup butter (the amount is optional and butter can be replaced with 2 tbsp olive oil), one green capsicum, one tsp black pepper, salt to taste and two cups of water.
1. Wash the brown rice and keep it aside.
2. Slice the mushrooms, onions, and capsicum.
3. Take a pan and add butter/olive oil then add onions and saute until it becomes light pink.
4. Then add mushrooms and Saute until it becomes wilt and tender.
5. Now add the capsicum and Saute.
6. Add the pre-washed brown rice and saute for 5 to 7 minutes.
7. Then add salt and pepper along with 2 cups of water.
8. Cook for 15 minutes or till the rice gets cooked.
Chicken and Brown Rice
This is a hearty one-pot meal, perfect for weekend dinners.
Ingredients needed: two tablespoons olive oil, one whole cut-up chicken (2 to 3 pounds), skins removed, breasts halved crosswise (save wings for another use), coarse salt and ground pepper, one medium onion finely chopped, four cloves of garlic crushed, one cup long-grain brown rice, four plum tomatoes, diced, one jar (12 ounces) roasted red peppers drained and sliced into 1/2-inch strips, 10 ounces one frozen or fresh green peas, Lemon wedges for serving (optional)
1. Heat oil in a large skillet on medium flame and add chicken along with 1 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon pepper and cook for 10 minutes until it becomes golden on all sides. Then transfer to a plate.
2. Again add onion, garlic, 1 teaspoon salt, and 1/4 teaspoon pepper to skillet and stir frequently, until onion becomes translucent and soft for 3 to 5 minutes.
3. Then add rice, peppers, and tomatoes along with 1 and 1/4 cups of water; then place the chicken pieces in rice mixture. Bring to a boil and reduce the flame. Then cover it and simmer over medium-low flame until rice is cooked and tender, approximately for 55 to 60 minutes. If any liquid remains in skillet, then remove the lid and simmer till the liquid is evaporated.
4. Sprinkle peas into the skillet; cover with the lid and remove from flame.
5. Keep aside till the peas are heated through nearly about 10 minutes.
6. Serve with lemon wedges (optional).
Happy Meal !!!😊😊
Padma Shri Pankaj Udhas is one of best ghazal singers hailed from Gujrat, India. Blessed with a legendary voice, Pankaj Udhas has won millions of hearts in India and abroad as well. He began his journey to success with the release of ghazal album, Aahat in 1980. Subsequently, he recorded multiple hits such as Mukarar (1981), Tarrannum (1982) and Mehfil (1983). His other contributions include Pankaj Udhas Live at Royal Albert Hall (1984), Nayaab (1985) and Aafreen (1986). Latter to his success as a ghazal star, he was invited to by Mahesh Bhatt to appear and sing for the film Naam. Udhas reached to the peak of success after his super hit song "Chitthi Aayee Hai" in the film Naam in 1986.
One of the most loved ghazal singers, Pankaj Udhas has given us many of the best songs that still hold a special corner in our hearts. Here are 10 of his most soulful executions:
Remember a young John Abraham in the Music Album…
One of his 90s gem that reached millions of hearts …
If you listen to his voice, you can feel the pure and eternal love…
A perfect amalgamation of deep words and a legendary voice…
Listening his ghazal are like Asking you to be yourself in his own beautiful way…
Another soulful song that was quite a surprise for MTV India to play non-stop…
Remember the beautiful video of young Sameera Reddy, based on O'Henry's The Gift of the Magi?
Listening to this ghazal feels like someone is singing only for you.
Let's not talk of love or chain and think we can't untie…
This one is probably the best song ever sung by Pankaj Udhas…
Hope this collection soothes your heart and soul!!
Sarovar Hotels Plans To Expand Its Reach Across India By The End Of 2019
In order to expand its reach across the country, leading hospitality firm Sarovar Hotels has planned to add around 16 properties by the end of this year. With this expansion, the group will be adding 970 more rooms to its portfolio.
At present, the group is managing around 73 hotels in the country and three in the international arena with a total of 6000 rooms.
Speaking on the above expansion, Ajay Bakaya, Managing Director, Sarovar Hotels said, "We took this decision to strengthen our reach across India and that's why we are opening around 16 new properties by the end of 2019,"
He further added that the upcoming properties will be developed under the brand name- Sarovar Premiere, Sarovar Portico, and Hometel Suites Brand. These properties will be located across various cities like Dehradun, Bengaluru, Dindi, Ahmedabad, Goa, Junagadh, Udaipur, Dahisar, Bodh Gaya, Jammu, Dibrugarh, and Morbi among others.
While most of the hotels will be under the Portico series, the one at Bodhgaya and another at Dahisar will be under Premiere series and Hometel Suites brand respectively.
"The hospitality sector has witnessed a huge jump and a sturdier growth in the last few years. The reason behind this is the increased use of advanced technology as well as huge domestic travel. India remains severely undersupplied in hotel rooms. We will see hospitality grow both by conventional and disrupter means" Bakaya added.
Sarovar Hotels and Resorts is one of the leading hotel management companies in India. The group has its leg in each and every segment of hotels ranging from tech-enabled spaces to modern designs, from affordable to boutique suites across the country. The group also deals in setting up of new hotels and resorts which are managed under long term management contracts.
Apart from India, the group has its properties in Zambia and Nairobi in Africa.
Rabindranath Tagore is regarded as the greatest poet and writer in modern Indian literature. The Bengali poet was not only one of the greatest novelists and educators in India but also a Nobel Laureate for Literature (1913). In 1915, Tagore was awarded as the knighthood; however, he surrendered the award in 1919 in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where British troops killed around 400 Indian activists.
Tagore experimented with many poetic forms in his writing but many of his works have lost in translations into other languages. Tagore was the first Indian to introduce psychological realism to his novels.
Here are some of the best Rabindranath Tagore Love Poems:
"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars."
― Rabindranath Tagore
Nearly 80% of the plastic bottles used and thrown every day become non-bio degradable litter that takes a huge toll on environmental health. Of course, it is more convenient to sip the drink straight from plastic bottles however the plastic litter accumulated from the same acts as toxic pollutants which cause water, land, and air pollution.
So, reusing and repurposing of plastic bottles is an excellent way to contribute to saving the environment from getting polluted. It is a surprising fun to repurpose, redesign and reuse the plastic bottles. Let's check that below.
#1 Zipper Case for stationery items
Transform the old plastic bottles into sturdy and useful zipper cases that will help to organize the office stationeries or art and craft supplies. This is also a fun-filled craft idea for kids.
#2 Piggy Bottle Bank
A cute piggy bank not only encourages kids to save also it inspires them to learn about recycling. All it needs is a cut on the bottle appropriately and lots of fun in creating super cute designs on the bottle to make it an adorable piggy bank.
#3 Vertical Hanging Garden
This is a rare but excellent idea for growing small leafy vegetables and herbs. A plastic bottle vertical garden is designed by looping the bottles horizontally along an interior wall or balcony. Here are some interesting ideas for a plastic bottle vertical garden.
#4 Amazing Jewelry Stand
A beautiful jewelry stand from plastic bottles looks great and can hold and hang tons of small jewelry items. And it doesn't even take long to make as you have to just cut the bottoms of plastic bottles, then fix a metallic rod through them and see your craft transforms into a beautiful jewelry organizer.
#5 Tiny Snack Bowls
Transform the discarded plastic bottles into an unbreakable snack or dry fruit bowls for a small kitty party or family get together. Cut the bottom of the plastic bottle then use a hot iron to flatten and smooth out its edges and here is a pretty bowl all set for you. You can make it fancier by putting additional decoration to the tiny bowls.
Happy DIY 😊😇😊


Bamboo Click Flooring – This bamboo click flooring is beautiful for choosing right home flooring design. One of the largest and most impactful design areas of your home is the floor. The floor is an important part of your home that it carries all the items of your home and your family. The floor design ideas reflect the concept and quality of your life. Flooring sets the mood for the entire space – and home – and is not often changed, so your choice is important. This collection of flooring options includes new materials, wood styles, and artistic options. Browse these articles for inspiration and education on the kinds of flooring that are best for the lifestyle you lead.
There are hardwood flooring, parquet flooring, laminate flooring, vinyl flooring, bamboo flooring, cork flooring, carpet tiles and on and on. And, for each type of flooring on the market, the styles, sizes, prices that are available offer an almost mind-numbing variety of choices. You can get this bamboo click flooring these sources, and for more these sources about most trend home flooring design in this year. Permit your space to bring out your attitude by planning its layout in a related manner. Take a walk on the wild side with these stylish flooring ideas.
If you are trying to look for ideas for flooring then this is the place to be. For the different size of floors in different areas, there are different ideas that I could share to you. Different areas require different types of floors but basically, they are somewhat similar regarding the type of it that is used. And some examples of the ideas is bamboo click flooring. Every reference of flooring design ideas have been selected and chosen by the best design, beautiful flooring, elegant model and trend of home flooring design now to give you the true characteristic of bamboo click flooring itself.
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