text:
Amphibian and reptile road-kills on tertiary roads in relation to landscape structure: using a citizen science approach with open-access land cover data
Florian Heigl1Email authorView ORCID ID profile,
Kathrin Horvath1,
Gregor Laaha2 and
Johann G. Zaller1
Amphibians and reptiles are among the most endangered vertebrate species worldwide. However, little is known how they are affected by road-kills on tertiary roads and whether the surrounding landscape structure can explain road-kill patterns. The aim of our study was to examine the applicability of open-access remote sensing data for a large-scale citizen science approach to describe spatial patterns of road-killed amphibians and reptiles on tertiary roads. Using a citizen science app we monitored road-kills of amphibians and reptiles along 97.5 km of tertiary roads covering agricultural, municipal and interurban roads as well as cycling paths in eastern Austria over two seasons. Surrounding landscape was assessed using open access land cover classes for the region (Coordination of Information on the Environment, CORINE). Hotspot analysis was performed using kernel density estimation (KDE+). Relations between land cover classes and amphibian and reptile road-kills were analysed with conditional probabilities and general linear models (GLM). We also estimated the potential cost-efficiency of a large scale citizen science monitoring project.
We recorded 180 amphibian and 72 reptile road-kills comprising eight species mainly occurring on agricultural roads. KDE+ analyses revealed a significant clustering of road-killed amphibians and reptiles, which is an important information for authorities aiming to mitigate road-kills. Overall, hotspots of amphibian and reptile road-kills were next to the land cover classes arable land, suburban areas and vineyards. Conditional probabilities and GLMs identified road-kills especially next to preferred habitats of green toad, common toad and grass snake, the most often found road-killed species. A citizen science approach appeared to be more cost-efficient than monitoring by professional researchers only when more than 400 km of road are monitored.
Our findings showed that freely available remote sensing data in combination with a citizen science approach would be a cost-efficient method aiming to identify and monitor road-kill hotspots of amphibians and reptiles on a larger scale.
Anurans
Kernel density estimation
Road mortality
Amphibian and reptile species are endangered worldwide, suffering from numerous threats such as habitat modification and fragmentation, diseases, pollution, invasive species or climate change [1–4]. In Austria, where the current study was conducted, all 20 amphibian species and all 14 reptile species are protected by national conservation laws [5]. Focusing on habitat fragmentation, roads can have various negative effects on many vertebrate species [6–9]. The most direct negative effect of road traffic on animal populations is through fatal collisions with vehicles, i.e. road-kill [2]. Road-kill does not affect all taxonomic groups in the same way. Amphibians (toads, newts and salamanders) are mostly affected by road-kill when crossing roads during migration between their breeding and hibernation sites; reptiles are even attracted by the favourable microclimate on roads [4, 8, 10–12]. Amphibians and some reptile species are even more susceptible to road-kill because they get immobile in response to an approaching vehicle [13, 14]. As mentioned by Rytwinski and Fahrig [15] there are relatively few studies of the effects of roads on amphibian and reptile populations, despite the fact that amphibians and reptiles have significantly more species at risk than mammals or birds. Additionally, available data of road-kills of amphibians and reptiles for Europe is scarce and often not comparable due to different study designs [16] and because of species-specific response patterns [17, 18].
In temperate regions like Central Europe many amphibian and some reptile species require complex landscapes including wetlands for reproduction and woody areas for foraging and hibernation [19]. Hence, the composition of landscape surrounding roads is an important factor influencing the number of road-kills for both amphibian and reptile populations [1, 20, 21]. Some reptile species (e.g. European green lizard, Lacerta viridis, Laurenti, 1768) are more selective to a habitat than other species (e.g. Grass snake, Natrix natrix, Linnaeus, 1758), which migrate long distances from summer to winter habitats. Most adult toads are susceptible to road-kills when migrating to breeding ponds [1, 10], while road-kills of juvenile toads are more dispersed in space and time when moving to hibernation sites in late summer and autumn. In the northern hemisphere most road-kill studies investigate the impact of wide roads with high traffic volumes that are usually fenced off and therefore are a stronger barrier to amphibians and reptiles [6, 22, 23]. However, evidence is increasing that tertiary road networks especially affect small animal species like herpetofauna [24–27]. Nevertheless, the influences of tertiary roads on amphibian and reptile populations on a landscape level are not often studied. When monitoring herpetofaunal road-kills challenges exist because small road-killed animals disappear quickly [28], the diverse network of tertiary roads is dense and some road-killed species are difficult to identify.
The standard approach to assess the effects of road-kill on animals is to collect data on a regular basis along certain routes [29], but this method is very cost-intensive and time consuming [30]. An alternative is to use a citizen science approach, i.e. involving citizens to report road-kill sightings [29, 31–34]. However, in most citizen science projects, "presence only" data are collected, which hamper proper statistical analyses of underlying factors for road-kills [35]. The aim of the current study was to test a systematic monitoring approach that would be appropriate to engage citizens in collecting presence and absence data. Results of this pilot study would be a proof-of-concept before engaging the general public, since many challenges (e.g. motivation of citizens) exist in establishing such a citizen science monitoring approach [36]. To test this approach, we used a citizen science software for monitoring road-killed amphibians and reptiles along a fixed bicycle tour on tertiary roads. Additionally, we examine the applicability of open access remote sensing data for a large-scale citizen science approach to describe spatial patterns of road-killed amphibians and reptiles on tertiary roads. The findings will be discussed with respect to their potential for designing a cost-effective large scale road-kill monitoring system based on a citizen science approach.
We monitored road-kills for two activity periods of amphibians and reptiles from March 2014 to October 2015 on a 97.5-km stretch of road in a rural region in eastern Austria. We use the term tertiary road network to summarize (I) agricultural roads (used by farmers and cyclists, speed limit 30 km h−1), (II) cycling paths (used by cyclists only), (III) municipal roads (mainly used by residents, speed limit 50 km h−1) and (IV) interurban roads (mainly used by residents, speed limit 100 km h−1).
The monitoring was conducted between the Leithagebirge and the Lake Neusiedl in Northern Burgenland, which is located in eastern Austria (Fig. 1). We chose the area for its high biodiversity in amphibian and reptile species and its relatively dense network of tertiary roads [37]. The study route consisted of 61 km of agricultural roads, 26 km of municipal roads, 8 km of interurban roads and 2.5 km of cycling paths, and is partly in the Natura 2000 sites Neusiedler See—Nordöstliches Leithagebirge (north-east of the study route) and Mattersburger Hügelland (south-west of the study route) [38]. The landscape of the study area is topographically heterogeneous with elevations ranging from 115 to 748 m. The climate of the region is considered Continental-Pannonian with 562 mm average annual precipitation and 10.7 °C annual mean temperature (Neusiedl am See; years 1981–2010) [39]. The Leithagebirge is forming the western boundary of the Natura 2000 site and at the same time framing the lake basin. The Leithagebirge exhibits a crystalline basement with accumulated reef lime stones of tertiary origin and is marked by mainly oak and mixed oak forests. In the outlying areas open farmland (vineyards interspersed with trees, bushes and grasslands residues) and dry grasslands dominate. The study area is a biodiversity hotspot in Austria as Pannonian, Alpine and Mediterranean floristic and faunal elements intermingle [38].
Location of the study route in Eastern Austria (a). Type of road sections of the study route (b)
We monitored the selected route from March 2014 to October 2015 by using a smartphone app (Roadkill | SPOTTERON, NINC Media, Vienna, Austria) from the citizen science project Roadkill (http://www.roadkill.at/en). In the citizen science project volunteers collect presence only data of all vertebrate species killed on roads [35, 40]. The app was not adjusted to our approach but rather used as data collection tool in a more systematic way. In the current project, we used the Roadkill app to monitor road-killed amphibians and reptiles along a predefined route on average every 11 days. We monitored road-kills by cycling, since slower traveling speed results in higher detectability especially of smaller species [41]. We stopped at each road-killed animal and filled in the form provided by the SPOTTERON Roadkill application, which included coordinates of the spot, a picture of the animal, species name and number of individuals. All other locations where no road-kill was detected represent absence data. Our monitoring therefore results in a presence/absence dataset of locations along the route at different points in time.
Remote sensing data
We used only open data to follow the idea of open science and to test the applicability of freely available remote sensing data in describing spatial patterns of road-killed amphibians and reptiles. We downloaded the most current CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) land cover data from copernicus land cover monitoring services [42]. We divided the study route in 500 m sections and for each section assessed the surrounding landscape within a 500 m buffer on each side of the road by recording the area of each land cover class. The sum of the area of all land cover classes results in the study area. CORINE land cover (CLC) is a geographic land cover/land use database for a Pan-European region. CLC data provides information on the biophysical characteristics of the Earth's surface based on images acquired by Earth Observation satellites with a Minimal Mapping Unit (MMU) of 25 ha [43]. The CLC 2012 uses a standardized European level-3 nomenclature consisting of 37 classes [44]. We used only the 14 classes which are present in the study area. The study area consisted of a high number of vineyards, arable land and urban areas (Table 1).
CORINE land cover classes in the study area. Land cover classes in descending order of proportional area
Land cover class
CLC code
Area (ha)
Area (%)
Non-irrigated arable land
Discontinuous urban fabric
Complex cultivation patterns
Land principally occupied by agriculture, with significant areas of natural vegetation
Broad-leaved forest
Coniferous forest
Mixed forest
Continuous urban fabric
Industrial or commercial units
Sport and leisure facilities
Inland marshes
Transitional woodland shrub
First, monthly variations of road-kills per year were analysed using Chi squared tests. Second, to find road-kill hotspots on the study route, we used the software KDE+ [45]. KDE+ identifies clusters of road-kills based on kernel density estimation and provides a measure of the significance of a hotspot based on Monte Carlo simulations [46]. Third, we divided the study route in 500 m sections to calculate conditional probabilities to assess the association of a certain land cover class with a road-kill event directly from the sample. Conditional probabilities [P(E|B)] of road-kill events (E) on each land cover class (B) were calculated to analyse which land cover classes are associated with an increased/decreased risk of road-kills, as compared to the overall probability P(E) of sections having a road-kill event. To obtain conditional probabilities, the areal fractions of land cover classes were determined for each section. The probability of a road-kill on a certain land cover class [P(E∩B)] is the total area of B of sections affected by road-kills [A(E∩B)] divided by the total area of all sections (A). [P(E∩B)] was finally divided by the overall availability (i.e., total area fraction) of this land cover class in the study area [P(B)] to obtain its conditional probability. Fourth, to analyse which land cover class is related to the number of road-kills we employed general linear models (GLM) with Poisson distributions. Possible collinearity was handled by means of stepwise model fitting and variance inflation factors (VIF). From all fitted models that do not contain predictors VIF >10, the one with the lowest value in the akaike information criterion (AIC) was chosen.
Note that conditional probabilities and general linear models are performed to 500 m road sections whereas the study route as a whole was used for the kernel density estimation. Chi squared tests and general linear models were performed using the "Rcmdr" package (R Commander Version 2.2–3) [47] in the open source program "R" (R version 3.2.4) [48].
Cost efficiency estimation
A rough estimation of the cost efficiency of our citizen science approach was made to compare costs of our pilot study with a classical monitoring approach. Numbers used for the calculation are based on standard staff costs in Austria, one offer provided by an Austrian engineering office and one offer provided by the software company which developed apps for project Roadkill.
During our monitoring of 20 months, we found 252 road-killed animals (180 amphibians and 72 reptiles) comprising eight species (Table 2). Green toad (Bufo viridis, Laurenti, 1768), common toad (Bufo bufo, Linnaeus, 1758) and grass snake (Natrix natrix) were the dominating species of the investigated amphibian and reptile species, respectively. Most amphibians and reptiles were killed on agricultural roads.
Numbers of road-killed amphibians and reptiles found from March 2014–October 2015 on monitored sections of municipal roads (26 km), cycle paths (2.5 km), agricultural roads (61 km) and interurban roads (8 km)
Municipal road
Cycle path
Agricultural road
Interurban road
Rk km−1
Green toad (Bufo viridis)
Common toad (Bufo bufo)
Agile frog (Rana dalmatina)
Tree frog (Hyla arborea)
Grass snake (Natrix natrix)
Lizards (Lacertidae)
Smooth snake (Coronella austriaca)
Blind worm (Anguis fragilis)
Numbers of road-killed animals (Rk) and road-killed animals per kilometer (RK km−1)
Road-kill reports were not equally distributed across months (amphibians: X2 = 136.44, df = 7, p < 0.001; reptiles: X2 = 34.889, df = 7, p < 0.001). Figure 2 shows that most amphibians were reported in July (n = 64), followed by April (n = 36) and August (n = 30), whereas most reptiles were reported in October (n = 20) and September (n = 19).
Total numbers of road-killed amphibians (white, n = 180) and reptiles (grey, n = 72) per month from March 2014–October 2015. No road-killed amphibians or reptiles were found between November 2014 and February 2015
Spatial patterns
Applying the KDE+ software to our road-kill monitoring data resulted in several hotspots including sections of 2–37 road-killed amphibians and of 2–8 road-killed reptiles, respectively (Fig. 3; Table 3). The vast majority of amphibian hotspots are next to arable land and suburban areas, whereas most reptile hotspots are located near the reed belt of the lake Neusiedl.
Amphibian (blue) and reptile (purple) road-kill hotspots calculated with KDE+. Highlighted are the four strongest hotspots of amphibians (A–D) and reptiles (E–H). Asterisked letters differ the two hotspots in one circle
KDE+ results of the strongest four amphibian and reptile hotspots
Animal group
Road-kills
Green toads and common toads represented 96% of all road-killed amphibians and grass snakes represented 83% of all road-killed reptile species, therefore we focused the following analyses on these three most often found species. Number of road-killed common toads and green toads per 500 m section varied from 0 to 35. The overall probability of a road-killed toad in the study area calculated per section was 0.36. This value was then used as a benchmark for conditional probabilities of road-kill events by land cover class (Table 4). All land cover classes with P(E|B) >0.36 are associated with increased risk of road-killed common toads and green toads, whereas land cover classes with P(E|B) <0.36 constrain the risk. Transitional woodland shrub (CLC 324), Sport and leisure facilities (CLC 142) and Land principally occupied by agriculture, with significant areas of natural vegetation (CLC 243) exhibit the highest conditional probabilities, whereas Industrial or commercial units (CLC 121) and Pastures (CLC 231) were associated with the lowest conditional probabilities. Using the best fitting general linear model focusing on the most often road-killed species common toad and green toad (AIC: 687.67; Table 5), a significant positive relation of Land principally occupied by agriculture, with significant areas of natural vegetation (CLC 243) and Transitional woodland shrub (CLC 324) and amphibian road-kills was seen, indicating that this land cover classes promoted amphibian road-kills. Complex cultivation patterns (CLC 242) and Vineyards (CLC 221) had a significantly negative relationship with the number of road-killed common toads and green toads.
Conditional probabilities of road-killed common toads and green toads for all land cover classes [P(E|B)]
H(E)
H(E1)
H(E)+ H(E1)
P(E∩B)
P(B)
P(E|B)
Proportion of each land cover class per section containing road-killed toads [H(E)] or not [H(E1)]. The probability of a road-killed toad on a certain land cover class [P(E∩B)] divided by the overall availability of this land cover class in the study area [P(B)] results in the conditional probability P(E|B). Land cover classes in descending order of P(E|B); the higher the P(E|B), the higher the probability of a road-kill on the specific land cover class
GLM containing land cover classes as explanatory variables that influence road-kill numbers of green toad and common toad
Std. error
z value
P(>|z|)
−1.56E-05
Land cover classes in descending order of P(>|z|)
Number of road-killed grass snakes per 500 m section varied from 0 to 6, with an overall probability of a road-killed grass snake per section of 0.17. Again, conditional probabilities P(E|B) were calculated for all 14 land cover classes (Table 6). Inland marshes (CLC 411) and Sport and leisure facilities (CLC 142) appeared to promote reptile road-kills, whereas Transitional woodland shrub (CLC 324), Industrial or commercial units (CLC 121) and Continuous urban fabric (CLC 111) appeared to constrain them. Using the best fitting general linear model again excluding all but the most often road-killed reptile species grass snake (AIC: 294.79; Table 7), resulted in significantly positive relations of the land cover classes Inland marshes (CLC 411), Sport and leisure facilities (CLC 142) and Complex cultivation patterns (CLC 242) with reptile road-kills. Discontinuous urban fabric (CLC 112) and Land principally occupied by agriculture, with significant areas of natural vegetation (CLC 243) were significantly negative related to the number of road-killed grass snakes.
Conditional probabilities of road-killed grass snakes for all land cover classes [P(E|B)]
Proportion of each land cover class per section containing road-killed grass snakes [H(E)] or not [H(E1)]. The probability of a road-killed grass snake on a certain land cover class [P(E∩B)] divided by the overall availability of this land cover class in the study area [P(B)] results in the conditional probability P(E|B). Land cover classes in descending order of P(E|B); the higher the P(E|B), the higher the probability of a road-kill on the specific land cover class
GLM containing land cover classes as explanatory variables that influence road-kill numbers of grass snakes
We compared two cases for cost-efficiency estimation (Table 8), monitoring by researchers only and a citizen science approach. Based on our calculations, using an approach involving researchers only would result in 22,000 €. This includes monitoring road-kills by a graduate student on a study route of 100 km over two vegetation periods and recording the surrounding landscape structure and habitat descriptions by an engineering office. Alternatively, the use of citizen science in combination with open access land cover data as we supposed in our pilot study would result in 86,000 €. This includes adjusting the citizen science smartphone application of the project Roadkill to allow for monitoring roads, maintaining the application and professional support of the participants for a 2-year period.
Cost-efficiency estimation for the cases researcher and citizen science
Costs (€)
Road-kill monitoring
Assessing surrounding land cover
App adjustment
App and website maintenance
Costs are calculated in Euro for monitoring 100 km of roads over 2 years
To our knowledge, this is among the first studies testing the suitability of a citizen science approach in examining the impact of tertiary roads and the surrounding landscape on amphibian and reptile species by using freely-available remote sensing data.
Road-kills of both amphibians and reptiles were recorded during the whole vegetation period mainly on agricultural roads. The role of tertiary roads for road-kill of endangered species is generally not widely appreciated, however is perhaps more significant in regions where higher ranking roads are already equipped with efficient road-kill mitigation measures. Green toads and common toads represented 96% of all road-killed amphibians with peaks in April, August and September. These two species are also among the most abundant species in the study region [37]. From our results it seems that identifying road-kill hotspots of both species in spring would be most straightforward because of mass migration to the spawning sites during this time [49]. However, when the goal is to assess the effect of road-kill on population dynamics, surveys would need to also include surveys in late summer and autumn when individuals of both species forage in their terrestrial habitat up to 10 km away from the breeding ponds [50]. Grass snakes represented 83% of all road-killed reptile species with road-kill peaks in September and October. Grass snake is the most abundant snake species in the study region [37]. Starting in November, Grass snakes overwinter underground in areas which are not subject to freezing (e.g. compost heaps, burrows of mice) and get active again in March or April [37]. One reason for the peaks of road-killed reptiles in September and October could be that young grass snakes hatch from their nesting sites in August and sprawl into the surrounding landscape crossing our study route. Indeed, when we double-checked the photos of the road-killed reptiles it turned out that about 80% of road-killed grass snakes were juvenile. Additionally, in September and October roads are frequently used by snakes and lizards for basking during the day, but roads during these months are also more frequently used by farmers during wine harvest. Numbers of both amphibian and reptile road-kills per month suggest, that road-kill monitoring should comprise whole activity periods to get a complete overview. Here citizen science would be a suitable approach, since it would be very costly to monitor amphibians and reptiles on tertiary roads covering a wide geographic range in short time periods with a classic approach involving researchers only.
Additionally, KDE+ analyses showed significant road-kill hotspots indicating that road-kills are not randomly distributed in the landscape. This is an important information for nature conservation authorities aiming to mitigate threats for endangered amphibian and reptile species.
Conditional probabilities and general linear models applied in our study showed a positive relationship of the land cover classes Transitional woodland shrub (CLC 324) and Land principally occupied by agriculture, with significant areas of natural vegetation (CLC 243) and common toad and green toad road-kills. It was encouraging to see, that land cover classes based on a rather coarse 500-m grid matched well with the most preferred habitats of the most abundant amphibian species in the study. Green toads and common toads use water bodies only for spawning. Green toads inhabit various kinds of terrestrial sites including gravel pits, field edges, ruderal plots, dry grassland, open forests or suburban areas whereas common toads live mainly in areas with dense vegetation such as forests and scrubland areas, parks or gardens [37]. Grass snake road-kills were positive related to land cover classes Inland marshes (CLC 411), Sport and leisure facilities (CLC 142) and Complex cultivation patterns (CLC 242). Grass snakes, as the most frequently found reptile species in our study inhabit a broad range of open or semi-open habitats, including reed belts, riparian zones, forests, gardens or parks. Grass snakes can be found in the reed belt of the lake Neusiedl in high numbers matched by the CORINE land cover class Inland marshes [37]. We monitored the study route on average every 11 days and might have underestimated the number of road-kills as the persistence time of carcasses could be lower [28, 51]. Notwithstanding this limitation, our current results are in line with previous studies. This is especially important, more frequent monitorings would be difficult over a long time span with a citizen science approach. Generally, the suitability of the CORINE land cover dataset for modelling amphibian and reptile road-kills encourages us to apply our monitoring approach to a broader geographical scale.
Based on our rough cost efficiency estimation, monitoring the influence of land cover on road-kills with a citizen science approach is suitable when monitoring more than 400 km road sections. Below 400 km a conventional monitoring approach with professional researchers only seems to be more efficient. However, this calculation is just a rough estimation and should be treated with care; it is based on Austrian standard staff costs and is calculated for investigating the factor land-cover only. If other factors besides land cover are planned to be investigated, the cost efficiency could be tremendously different.
Overall, our findings confirmed previous results showing that amphibian and reptile species are especially susceptible to road-kill in the vicinity of their preferred habitats [1, 52]. Nevertheless, this is interesting, as we achieved these results using freely available remote sensing data and a survey technique that could easily be adopted on a larger scale using a citizen science approach. We are confident, that the results of this pilot study can be used as basis for other citizen science projects in this field trying to enlarge their study area. A first step to the extension of our monitoring system would be to get an overview of road-killed amphibians and reptiles on a landscape scale by monitoring tertiary road networks potentially using a citizen science approach to cover this wide geographic range [35, 36, 53]. Furthermore, these data could then be used to reduce the impact of road traffic on amphibians and reptiles by installing temporal or permanent mitigation measures.
AIC:
(akaike information criterion)
CLC:
(CORINE land cover)
CORINE:
(coordination of information on the environment)
GLM:
(general linear model)
KDE+:
(kernel density estimation plus)
VIF:
(variance inflation factors)
WMTS:
(web map tile service)
FH and JGZ conceived and designed the study; FH, JGZ, KH performed the study; FH, KH and GL analysed the data; FH, JGZ and GL wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We want to thank Philipp Hummer and Rainer Holzapfel who developed the website and apps of Project Roadkill (http://www.roadkill.at/en). Comments of two anonymous reviewers helped to improve former versions of this manuscript.
The data set supporting the results of this article is included within the article (and its additional file).
This work was partly funded by the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Citizen Science Network.
Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordan Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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ZAMG—Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik. Klimamittel. Klimanormalperiode 1981–2010. 2012. http://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/klima/informationsportal-klimawandel/daten-download/klimamittel. Accessed 22 Sept 2015.
Heigl F, Zaller JG. Using a citizen science approach in higher education: a case study reporting roadkills in Austria. Hum Comput. 2014;1. http://hcjournal.org/ojs/index.php?journal=jhc&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=10. Accessed 21 Jan 2015.
Teixeira FZ, Pfeifer Coelho AV, Esperandio IB, Kindel A. Vertebrate road mortality estimates: effects of sampling methods and carcass removal. Biol Conserv. 2013;157:317–23.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
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Landscape ecology and ecosystems


text:
Layout & Postcodes
Parking at Lanterns
Lanterns Gymnasium
Lanterns Court Estate Office
18 Denison House
20 Lanterns Way, Lanterns Court
London, E14 9JH, England
Notice Board:
Latest News on the Notice Board:
Westferry Prinworks Info
Parking space 31 available for rent to a Resident of Lanterns Court
Next Window Cleaning: Thursday 4th January 2018
PARKING PERMITS IN THE UNDERGROUND CAR PARK
Parking space 184 available for rent to a Resident of Lanterns Court (UNDER OFFER)
PARCEL COLLECTION
Information regarding Concierges Website
A letter from Hyperoptic to Residents at Lanterns Court
Lanterns Court Concierge
London 27 July - 9 September: Get Ahead of the Games
Written by Concierge
Things you should know about commuting during the Olympic Games.
Seventy per cent of road journeys in London will be unaffected by the Games and there will be a ban on planned roadworks during the Games period. However, at certain times and in certain locations in London, roads will be affected by Games operations or by the traffic displaced by Games operations. You are advised to avoid driving in these affected areas if possible. If you need to drive into or through the affected areas between 6am and 7pm, you should allow extra time to make your journey.
Games venues, road events and the Olympic and Paralympic Route Network (ORN and PRN) will all affect how roads in certain places will operate during the Games. Some roads in central London and other Greater London locations, such as Richmond, Kingston, Putney, Tower Hamlets and Greenwich, will have restrictions placed on them.
Whilst the majority of roads in Greater London will be largely unaffected by road restrictions, areas around affected roads will be much busier than usual and should be avoided.
On some days, roads will be particularly affected within an area bounded by the North and South Circular.
If you need to drive in affected areas between the hours of 6am and 7pm, expect your journey to take longer than usual.
Taxi and minicab companies are being fully briefed on how road operations will be affected, but journeys could take longer than usual if they go into or across affected areas during busy times.
Not all the details about transport operations are currently available, such as information about road closures or restrictions to parking and access. This is because some of the plans for the Games are still being finalised. As soon as more detailed information is available, the getaheadofthegames.com website will be updated.
source: getaheadofthegames.com
Lanterns Court Winter Wonderland
Sunday, 05 February 2012 13:37
Where is the tune of the Santa's bells?
The 4th day of February and winter has finally visited London! With the layering of white flakes around Lanterns Court it gave us all a picturesque Sunday morning surprise.
So taken with the scene, we sent forth an exploration party to record the beautiful snows cape; if you were lucky enough, we're sure you would confirm it indeed had a wet consistency and crispy texture However, you needed to get your skates on to beat snow melting into a Lanterns slush - Walk.
See below some pictures taken by our very own rotating - roving eye.
We would like to welcome you to Lanterns Court!
R & C Estate Management, the company appointed by Lanterns Court Ltd to manage and maintain your development since the end of 2010 when the site was being completed, is no longer in operation as of 1st of April 2014. The property manager assigned by R & C Estate Management to look after Lanterns Court, Simon Osborne, decided to take the opportunity to take on new challenges with a different company and is no longer involved in management of Lanterns Court as of Monday 31st of March.
The new management company appointed to look after Lanterns Court now is Y & Y Management.
May we take this opportunity to introduce the Property Manager Adam Azoulay, your main contact with Y & Y Management in regards to overall management of Lanterns Court including the service charge. During his time at Y&Y Management Adam has taken full management of a substantial portfolio and has gained experience which includes health and safety inspections, financial management, insurance claims, invoicing, service charges and budgeting.
The first Building Manager from 1st December 2010 was Fortuni De Villiers. Fortuni, however, decided to return to his home country South Africa and accordingly resigned his position and left Lanterns Court on Friday 20th July 2012. The new and current Building Manager from 23rd July 2012 is Mateusz Filipiak who has stepped up to the position from being the Assistant to Fortuni since 4th of January 2011. Mateusz will continue to be based on site Monday to Friday 9am to 5pm with the new management company as the Estate Manager and he will be happy to assist with any enquiries you may have. You can contact him in his office in Apartment 18 on the ground floor in Denison House.
TV across UK is going digital.
London TV region switches to digital in April.
TV is going digital. The existing analogue TV signal will be switched off and replaced with a new, stronger digital TV signal. It will mean that almost everyone will be able to receive digital TV through an aerial (Freeview).
Digital TV also uses less broadcast space which means that after switchover, there will be more room for new services such as wireless broadband, local TV and High Definition Television (HDTV).
To keep your TV service, you will need to convert your TVs to digital before your area's switchover date.
The Crystal Palace transmitter group, made up of the main transmitter and its local relays, serves Greater London and parts of the home counties.
The transmitter switches in tow stages on 4 April and 18 April to give people the chance to check their equipment. It is important your TV is converted by stage one.
If you have Freeview, then you will need to re-tune on both switchover dates.
Digital TV offers new ways to enjoy your TV service:
Greater choice of TV channels
New features such as on-screen listings, interactivity, audio description and subtitling for people with visual and audio impairments.
Optional additional channels and services including premium channels(e.g movies, sports), broadband and telephony.
To find out what services are available where you live, click here in order to compare services with the digital options table.
If you have not received a copy of the brochure, you can collect it from the Concierge Desk in Denison House.
source: digitaluk.co.uk
Lanterns Concierge are on the web!
We proudly announce that, after long months of preparations, we have finally launched our virtual office on the web. We aim not only to deliver great face to face customer service but, we also wish to offer you the best possible Concierge service on the internet. The aim of this website is to provide you with comprehensive information about our development and its local area as well as other useful information in regards to your stay in London.
It does not matter whether you are a Londoner or have just arrived in the capital. You will find here a lot of helpful information such as local points of interest and variety of web links which will enhance your knowledge about the city that was once called Londinium
Place yourself comfortably in your seat and enojoy Lanterns Court experience on the web.
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© 2011 - 2018 | Lanterns Court Concierge
Website by mf.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A decent follow-up to the original blaxploitation classic, Scream, Blacula, Scream finds Mamuwalde awakened by aspiring voodoo priest "Whatchoo Talkin' 'Bout" Willis (Richard Lawson) because, well, he' s an idiot. Mamuwalde proceeds to turn him into a vampire slave, and then Willis turns his girlfriend Denny (Lynne Moody) into a vampire and so on and so on.
Through Willis, Mamuwalde comes across voodoo practitioner Lisa (Pam Grier) and persuades her to try to help him exorcise his vampiric demons. Though it's not as good as Blacula, Scream, Blacula, Scream still manages some genuine scares (a couple courtesy of the ever-reliable floating "ghoul on wheels" effect). Where the sequel falls apart (aside from the fact that Pam Grier remains utterly clothed throughout) is the story. If Blacula doesn't want to be a vampire, where's the suspense? Why is Lisa so reluctant to exorcise him? Why are the cops still trying to kill him? (As with the first film, Blacula enjoys throttling cops.) Perhaps the writers began asking themselves these questions, because it seems like they just gave up at the end.
How much do you wanna bet the next line out of his mouth includes the word "sucka"?
The latest Batman movie didn't even try.
Jenny couldn't deal with Blacula's mack stance.
As a dance, "the Blacula" was just too damn creepy.


text:
Photos: LG X120 3G netbook hands-on
LG's latest netbook incorporates wireless 3G Internet, looks decent, and unlike almost all netbooks, it's actually usable. We know, madness!
Nate Lanxon Feb. 20, 2009 7:47 a.m. PT
There are 1.6 million ants for every human on the planet. And there are 1.6 million models of netbook for every ant. To celebrate, here's another one for the ants: LG's X120 -- a pretty netbook with integrated 3G. Whatever your personal bias is towards or away from netbooks, it's got the looks so many haven't.
Integrated wireless 3G Webbery aside, it's got a 10-inch screen running at a resolution of 1,024x576 pixels, a 1.6GHz Intel Atom CPU, a miserable 1GB of RAM, a 160GB hard disk and it runs Windows XP. Yawnorama indeed -- how very typical.
But lo and behold, it actually felt half-decent, and for this not-at-all-biased-against-netbooks reporter, that's quite an achievement on LG's part. And if nothing else, you could actually type on it, which offers a triumphant bonus slice of Mr Kipling's Epic Win Cake, dripping with success-flavoured jam and icing made from the bitter tears of everyone who bought an early Eee PC.
The X120 will be released in the UK on contract with undetermined mobile phone networks in the first half of 2009, probably free or at least heavily subsidised. More photos over the next few pages.
A usable keyboard on a netbook. What next? A Big Brother without idiots? A Brit award given out for a reason other than sales?
There's an integrated webcam up there at the top of the display.
One of our favourite aspects of the X120 is its design -- this matte finish in particular impressed, and contrasts nicely against the thousands of netbooks wrapped in cheap glossy plastic.


Cell mates: Honda has yet to reveal where the production FCV will be sold or leased, but it will join a growing number zero-emissions vehicles around the world.
HONDA has taken another zero-emission step toward its next hydrogen-fuelled model, with the production version of its FCV concept rolling out under its own steam – literally – at the Tokyo motor show later this month.
The angular electric concept first surfaced last year, revealing a vehicle that uses a fuel-cell stack to produce about 100kW of power from its electric motor but emits only water vapour.
Honda is sticking with the FCV name that christened the concept for now, but is yet to decide if the production version will adopt a new name or carry on the family tradition.
Little technical detail has been revealed in the short press release, but the production car reportedly has a similar range to the FCV showcar which could travel about 700km on a single tank.
Its "high-output" motors make "exhilarating driving" a possibility and while no power output is specified, the 100kW power of the concept is likely to have increased as is typical with early and emerging technologies.
In addition to a mode of transport, the FCV can be turned into a mobile electricity generator, providing a power output for communities in emergency situations thanks to its power inverter.
The Japanese car-maker introduced a four-door hydrogen/electric car named the FCX Clarity in 2008, but it was sold in limited numbers and limited markets.
While a handful of global regions have already put their hand up for the car, it is too early for Honda Australia to make a decision regarding the possibility FCV sales Down Under.
Honda Australia public relations manager Melissa Cross told GoAuto there was a lot of work required beyond just a feasible vehicle before we see a hydrogen vehicle for sale here.
Rivals Hyundai and Toyota already have fuel-cell vehicles in circulation around the world with the Korean car-maker producing an ix35 Fuel Cell that is available for lease in the United States or for sale in parts of Europe.
There is one example of the ix35 Fuel Cell in Australia for evaluation purposes, but there are no plans to offer it for sale here given it is produced in left-hand drive only. The company is more optimistic about its next hydrogen-fuelled model, however, after confirming that it will be built in right-hand drive.
Toyota has developed its own fuel-cell vehicle in the Mirai – meaning 'future' in Japanes – which is currently on a short visit to Australia for a hydrogen convention and is sold in Japan and parts of Europe and the US.


text:
Q: PrimeFaces update single row of datatable from dialogue I have a requirement where I am using rowExpension inside a datatable.
which opens another datatable(sub table).
Below sub table I have one edit button.
upon clicking edit it opens model dialogue and once I click save it closes the dialogue but I am not able to find a way to update that particular sub table.
Below is the code snippet of subtable & dialogue. Can anybody suggest me a way to update the particular subtable for which the edit button is clicked.
<p:rowExpansion id="partyRows">
                                <p:dataTable
                                    var="party"
                                    value="#{pocAccountBean.parties}"
                                    rows="20"
                                    id="test"
                                    widgetVar="partyTable"
                                    resizableColumns="true"
                                    emptyMessage="No associated parties found."
                                    rowIndexVar="idx"
                                    styleClass="testClass_#{account.accountNbr}">

                                    <p:column headerText="Party Name" sortBy="#{party.partyKey}">
                                        <h:outputText value="#{party.partyKey}" />
                                    </p:column>

                                    <p:column headerText="Party Type" sortBy="#{party.partyType}">
                                        <h:outputText value="#{party.partyType}" />
                                    </p:column>

                                    <p:column headerText="Agent Code" sortBy="#{party.agentCode}">
                                        <h:outputText value="#{party.agentCode}"/>
                                    </p:column>

                                    <p:column headerText="Party Status" sortBy="#{party.partyStatus}">
                                        <h:outputText value="#{party.partyStatus}" />
                                    </p:column>

                                    <p:column headerText="Education Level" sortBy="#{party.educationLevel}">
                                        <h:outputText value="#{party.educationLevel}" />
                                    </p:column>

                                    <p:column headerText="Current Date" sortBy="#{party.currentDate}">
                                        <h:outputText value="#{party.currentDate}" />
                                    </p:column>

                            </p:dataTable>

                            <h:panelGrid columns="1" cellpadding="5" border="0">
                                 <p:commandButton value="Edit" type="button" onclick="PF('dlg2').show();"/>
                            </h:panelGrid>

                            <p:dialog header="Terms" widgetVar="dlg2" modal="true" height="400" width="800" id="d1" dynamic="true">
                                <h:inputText value="#{pocAccountBean.agentCode}" />
                                <p:commandButton action="#{pocAccountBean.setAgentCodeInParties()}" value="Save" onclick="PF('dlg2').hide();" update="@(.testClass_#{account.accountNbr})"></p:commandButton>
                            </p:dialog>

                        </p:rowExpansion>

A: RequestContext.getCurrentInstance().update("form:something:" + index + "something");

This is what worked for me.
"update" attribute does not take run time expression value.

A: To update a specific row in datatable you can use RequestContext to update specific component, so remove the update expression from your commandButton, and add this to your setAgentCodeInParties method:
RequestContext.getCurrentInstance().update(
  s.getClientId(FacesContext.getCurrentInstance())
  + ":" + event.getRowIndex()
  + ":***"
);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In this new video course, 7 different employees talk about their experiences in the workplace on the topics of harassment, diversity, bullying and bias. The course has a down to earth, real world feel which allows the viewer to connect to the content in a personal way. This eye-opening and entertaining program will help your staff focus on respecting co-workers and building a more productive, tolerant and inclusive workforce.
While this program is sold as one DVD or course, the 4 sections allow it to be used as 4 separate training sessions. Each module stands on it's own. In addition, the video uses a diverse cast of employees that almost anyone in the workplace will find relatable.
The definition of nconscious bias and strategies to overcome it.
The differences between diversity and inclusion.
The "Rebuttal Brain" – How to shut the urge to rebut others.
Using the W.E.T. test to make the workplace more inclusive.
The definition of hostile work environment harassment.
How to combat the tactics of control used by bullies.
The film's accompanying Leader's Guide and PowerPoint presentation provide an assortment of assessments and activities to augment and simplify the trainer's job. The "Practical Answers to Tough Questions" Employee Handbook, offered in both print and digital formats, supplies a valuable resource that takes the guesswork, and some of the discomfort, out of tackling these difficult topics.
Employees from the real world give examples and stories from their own experiences.
Surveys and training aids with phenomenal success rates.
Legal coverage of the videos topics.
Optional form to agree with the course topics.