Understanding the real capacity of a facility, system or process is always a challenge. Actual capacity can be masked by so many variables such as inventory levels, labor issues, equipment downtime, quality levels to name a few. In addition, scheduling strategies and techniques as well as product mix can play a large role in determining the true capacity of any system.
ProModel's predictive analytic solution for capacity and throughput analysis is one of the most accurate ways to proactively determine a facility's true capacity under any circumstance and help you come as close to achieving that level as possible.
A diversified, global defense and information solutions company is successfully using Process Simulator Professional to model and simulate their complex, large scale manufacturing processes. This organization provides mission-critical, next generation solutions for the command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance markets. It employs approximately 10,000 people and generated over $3 billion in revenue last fiscal year.
When this organization bids a project in the areas of integrated electronic warfare, sensing and surveillance, air traffic management, information, cyber-security, or networked communications, it must leverage its years of experience, knowledge and technical expertise. Its markets demand a lot and the risks in meeting these demands must be all but eliminated. Bidding such projects requires proof and validation.
What resources will they need, how many, and by when?
In their high-mix production processes, where are the bottlenecks?
Can their manufacturing process meet the demands of the new program without jeopardizing current contracts?
How long will it take to ramp up to maximum utilization?
How do they layout a new manufacturing line or facility?
A reusable modeling and simulation tool that allows them to measure and validate manufacturing processes data prior to actual manufacturing. Process Simulator Professional is a reliable and easy to use Visio plug-in. This analysis tool allows this customer to build models of complicated interdependent manufacturing processes and new facility designs. These models are used to simulate the process before contracts are signed and projects begin. They provide the proof and validation needed to determine if and how to meet the stringent requirements of this customer's contract obligations.
When a new contract is bid, this organization must know how to meet the production requirements of the contract and what it will cost. For one project they may need to model 90 different manufacturing processes or parts. Some of these processes may require new and expensive equipment. Process Simulator helps them determine what equipment is needed, how many pieces of that equipment are necessary and other data needed to meet the designated delivery dates.
Each complex process must be analyzed as a dynamic system because the production ramp-up and learning curve (cycle time) for each process is so critical to their business success. Accounting for the learning curve is essential to their profitability. Often at the beginning of production, a contract sells product below cost and over time moves from a loss to a profit. This organization must know when this will occur, how many resources will be required to meet delivery dates, and what training will be required and for how long.
Process Simulator Professional is a modeling and simulation tool that allows them to easily build many unique process models and later connect these models to one another. It can also be used to help determine the footprint and space requirements needed to house large scale equipment and the correct and efficient placement of manufacturing tools and other resources.
One of the critical functions for which the repair depot is responsible is the reset (refurbishing) of the water purification unit (WPU). They conduct the process from "site arrival through reset complete".
These water purification units are used to convert polluted river or lake water to potable water for troops in the field.
The facility can currently reset 73 units per year.
The repair depot was anticipating increased demand due to the continued high level of troop deployment throughout the world, and needed to know what their maximum capacity was.
The current state model helped validate that the model is reflective of the actual process and determined that the maximum throughput under with current staffing is 75 units per year.
They model also helped determine that the functional test equipment is the primary constraint limiting them to 75 units. If they relieved that constraint the next constraint would be the mechanics.
An outpatient clinic at an academic medical center offers comprehensive evaluations/consultations to patients undergoing an anesthesia-related, low to medium risk, planned surgery/procedure. Implementation of surgical process improvement initiatives across various surgical specialties led to an increase in demand for the clinic services. The administration believed insufficient consultation rooms would hinder their ability to expand services.
Determine the capacity requirements, both facility and personnel, needed to support the expected growth in patient volumes.
The simulation model results indicated that there were a sufficient number of rooms at the outpatient clinic to meet the increase in demand. However, imbalance in patient scheduling across the day was causing a bottleneck in the system. By redistributing the workload more evenly across the day, the patient throughput in the clinic could be increased by 30 additional appointments.
- providers, respiratory therapists, and administrators.
A 100 year old global recycler, manufacturer, fabricator, and distributor of steel and related metal products, has corporate headquarters in the USA. One of their growing facilities in the south, was uncertain that current truck weighing processes could easily handle future volume projections. They were pretty sure the infrastructure and/or business practices needed to change to meet growing demand.
They asked ProModel Corporation to evaluate flow constraints associated with the current truck weigh-in and weigh-out infrastructure and procedures. This would help them better analyze the proposed addition of a new entry weigh-in location.
ProModel consultant, Dave Tucker, worked with them to construct an initial current state truck flow model.
Scale report data from October 2015 was examined and company subject matter experts (SMEs) were interviewed to fill in data gaps. The model was populated with typical activity times and capacity constraints for scales, scrap unload, slag pick-up, finished goods loading and tarping areas. A working model utilizing all of these inputs was tested and refined during validation and verification efforts. Next, some future state scenarios with an additional inbound scale (also changed the use of current inbound/outbound scales) were developed with additional scenarios experimenting with increases to finished goods trucks.
Loading and unload points are "black boxed" using associated capacities and processing times.
The plant is open 24 hour / 7 days a week.
A reusable modeling and simulation tool that allows them to measure and validate current weighing processes as well as test future scenarios. For example, 11 scenarios were tested and run for 30 unique one month replications and compared to the baseline.
The model determined that adding another inbound scale would not reduce the typical total truck flow cycle time significantly. So the organization delayed this capital improvement indefinitely. Furthermore, the model also showed that the bottleneck area was really in finished goods loading. ProModel is now working on a 2nd project to look for ways to improve that process area and reduce truck flow cycle time more significantly.
With a rapidly escalating demand for green energy, our client was already in a customer-delivery backlog situation and was expecting things to get worse due to their capacity limitations. They were planning on building several new manufacturing facilities to meet this increasing demand for their products. They also knew that they were not maximizing the throughput capability of their existing facility, but were not sure which of several very costly process improvements would yield the best result in the shortest amount of time.
In order to improve their current delivery dilemma and also minimize the number of new plants, they needed to optimize the throughput capability of the current facility. The management team realized that with the severe levels of risk involved both to short and long-term customer delivery, as well as the millions of dollars at stake based on which choices they made, that simulation analysis would be the best method for determining the fastest and most effective course(s) of action.
The client team working in conjunction with the ProModel team developed the appropriate simulation model to help determine that adding uniquely sized buffers, in critical areas of a line would result in an immediate throughput increase. However, with each buffer costing hundreds of thousands of dollars, every single piece of equipment was a critical decision. It was determined that a scenario involving multiple, uniquely sized buffers was the most cost effective and fastest change they could make to improve the throughput of the plant.
This improvement will be replicated throughout the other similar lines in this plant and is expected to reduce cycle time between 10 to 25 percent. After incorporating the recommended changes to this facility with the resulting increase in capacity, the client will be able to more confidently improve other existing facilities and also determine how many additional facilities need to be built, and when, in order to meet the increased demand projections while balancing it with sound capital investment timing decisions. If implemented, ROI to the client from this project will be in the thousands of percent, and savings will be in the millions of dollars.
A large pharmaceutical organization with which ProModel has a long standing and successful relationship, was developing a drug purification and manufacturing process for a crucial new vaccine. The organization was ramping up for multimillion dollar per month production levels of the vaccine which needed to be manufactured in at least four different ways to fight various strains of a similar disease. Many of the pieces of equipment that would be required to meet the production levels were very expensive. Therefore, it was important for them to determine if they could meet the predicted capacity with their current resources. They also wanted a method for optimizing the process as production requirements increased over time.
According to global planning groups, who provided operations and estimated annual dosage volume, they had produced 12 lots during startup and 62 lots during the first year. They needed to increase the number of lots per year to 110. For this type of product this is a huge jump in production. Manufacturing Engineering had an urgent need to determine how best to meet this goal. Because of the complexity of the process, the number of expensive resources required and the huge rise in production requirements, they knew simulation was the only possible way to accurately predict whether they could meet this quota with current resources and if they could not, what resources would need to be added, at what cost.
Using the Process Simulator model the customer was able to determine that they could successfully make their 110 lots per year quota without purchasing any additional resources. They also identified exactly what the capacity limitations were with their current resources and what resources they needed to purchase to exceed that capacity. They developed a prioritized plan for making the changes they required to optimize the production process, including automation of certain production line steps, and an added buffer tank which is an expensive change.
Customer service requirements at the client's typical retail bank branches vary over the course of a day and week for its products and services. For example, mornings might be 'teller services heavy' whereas after 2 PM might be 'banker services heavy'.
It appeared that branches were staffed using a "Just-In-Case" approach in order to maintain an acceptable service level. The current staffing method could not adequately address these fluctuations in customer demand other than by over scheduling its employees.
Management saw an opportunity to increase profitability while maintaining or improving service by developing more efficient branch staff assignments. Could labor costs be reduced, without negatively affecting service, by doing a better job of matching skills to both 'what is needed' and 'when it is needed'? Applying this concept of "Skill-to-Demand" staffing would increase profitability and possibly increase service levels.
The challenge was how to generate a staffing schedule according to this new approach? If they could predict which skills and in what quantity were required by time and day, costs and service would improve. With thousands of branches, the savings multiplied across their network of retail locations could be very significant.
The client's business objective for this initiative was to determine if changes to staffing policies at its retail banking branches could reduce labor cost and increase profitability while simultaneously improving customer satisfaction.
The analysis showed how $120,000 of savings annually per branch came from matching the specific assignments of staff to "fuzzy" data about when a client would need them. Wait times at walk-up and drive-thru windows also decreased providing an improved customer experience.
The project's key to success was the software's ability to replicate demand by when it occurred during the week. This enabled the branch managers to match staff schedules closely to "Customer Demand" as opposed to the more costly "Just-In-Case" approach.
An armored vehicle component production facility supplies parts for other company sites where vehicle final assembly takes place. This component facility was experiencing a significant amount of late orders due to demand increases from several government programs over an 18 to 24 month period. In addition, moving bottlenecks were making it extremely difficult to plan production.
Company executives needed to be able to give their customers reliable delivery dates and assure them that these dates would be met. In order to accomplish this, it was decided that managers at the component facility needed a more accurate short-term production planning tool. Decision makers wanted to better understand the true capacity of the component facility operations, as well as a way to test and evaluate new ideas for improving process throughput.
Because of past successes with our COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) simulation technology, they decided to work with us to develop a custom predictive analytic solution that would aid in their short term planning to improve on time delivery and become an effective tool for long-range production planning alternatives.
After proving it out at this initial facility, the plan is to implement it at each facility on the supply chain.


Home Help Do Angelic Energy offer any discounts on energy costs?
We are working hard to make sure that our customers have access to competitive energy prices. We offer fixed term tariffs that protect customers from unpredictable price rises.


text:
Tag Muse
Muse's inflatable blimp drone crashes into crowd
Watch Muse's drone crash into a crowd like the 2016 version of Spinal Tap.
We took a lot of photos during 2013, so here are 50 of our best live shots.
Undie-clad Australian band runs through 100 charted songs in 30 minutes
Here's something worth listening of not watching, because while we're not sure why Aussie band Bareback Titty Squad decided to do it in...
Muse release trailer for new album 'The 2nd Law'
Muse have released a trailer to announce their new album, The 2nd Law, and since it's 2012 yes, of course it gets all dubstep by the end....
10 year(s) ago
Arcade Fire, Crystal Castles, and Justin Bieber take home NME Awards
Last night the Shockwaves NME Awards celebrated its 58th year at the O2 Academy Brixton in London, England. The majority of the awards were...
27 incredibly cool musical Lego creations
Let's get serious for a second, here: If you didn't enjoy The Lego Movie, you functionally have no soul. Because despite the fact that the...
5 Mint Records poster sightings in teen dramas and blockbuster movies
There's no question that Mint Records is coming off a huge year, boasting a brand new roster of up-and-coming Canadian artists. Decades...
Muse go dubstep for "Unsustainable." Thoughts?
If you remember the teaser that announced Muse's new album then you knew this was coming. But after weeks of wondering what it'd sound...
MEME ALERT: Musicians re-imagined as animals
On the heels of the #BonnyBear meme, here are some other popular musicians re-imagined as animals.
Muse facing potential five year ban down under
Towards the end of this story you will follow one more golden rule: don't fuck with Australians, rather don't fuck with Australians when...
10 songs played on dot matrix printers
By now, recycling old media is, well, old news. While sales of vinyl (ahem, "vinyls") continue to rise at astronomic rates, the cassette...
PHOTOS: Muse at the Air Canada Centre
Muse at the Air Canada Centre on April 9, 2013
Watch the video for Muse's Olympic anthem, "Survival"
By now you've likely heard Muse's Olympic anthem "Survival," but today an official video for the track is available online. Unfortunately...
Muse writing new album without lead singer Matt Bellamy
Considered one of the best rock acts to see in a live setting, Muse released their last studio album The Resistance in 2009, winner of the...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Progressive No Line Bifocals
VS Eyewear offers a broad selection of both prescription and non-prescription brands at Pricing, Quality and Customer Care that can not be beat!
All About Progressive No-Line Bifocal lenses
The reason why progressive no-line bifocals lens were created was for cosmetic purposes so people could have an appealing alternative to the traditional lined bifocal lenses. These lenses are far more technical than a standard lens.
When we think of vision, there are three distinct distance ranges: near for reading or work up-close to your face, intermediate, for anything at arm's length, and distance, for things that are farther away. Not many prescribed lenses can fix all three visions at once except for a progressive no-line bifocal lens.
A no-line bifocal lens is the modern lens that strays away from its predecessors. It is without a visible line, creating a smoother transition between each region.
The regions are like those in lined bifocals except that the edges of the lens is considered a dead spot. The top region of the lens corrects distant objects, while the bottom portion of the lens corrects intermediate and up-close objects.
A wearer may prefer bifocals without lines if they do not appreciate lined bifocal lenses; having a visible line in the lenses can be distracting to some. It can be more cosmetically appealing to wear and less strenuous on the eye. Plus, instead of owning multiple prescribed glasses, wearers can own only one pair with no-line bifocals.
Progressive lenses are recommended for people who suffer from nearsightedness, farsightedness and/or astigmatism. As much as progressive bifocals are beneficial, there are some disadvantages.
The cost of progressive lenses can be pricey compared to other lens types. There are some people who are more acquainted with a lined bifocal lens and have trouble adapting to progressive lenses. It may have an affect on the wearer's peripheral vision at the edge of the lens which can cause people to become disoriented or nauseous. Most people will adjust to the distortion quickly and there are some who have higher sensitivity in their peripheral vision who have trouble adjusting. For people who have trouble adjusting, lined bifocals are recommended.


text:
De veldgrasuil (Apamea anceps) is een nachtvlinder uit de familie van de uilen, de Noctuidae.

Beschrijving
De voorvleugellengte bedraagt tussen de 16 en 21 millimeter. De grondkleur van de voorvleugels is gelig of grijzig bruin met zandkleurige marmering.

Waardplanten
De veldgrasuil gebruikt grassen, met name kropaar en kweek, als waardplanten. De rups is te vinden van augustus tot april. De soort overwintert als rups.

Voorkomen
De soort komt verspreid over het Palearctisch gebied voor.

In Nederland en België
De veldgrasuil is in Nederland een zeldzame en in België een niet zo algemene soort. De vlinder kent één generatie die vliegt van begin mei tot en met juli.

Externe links

Apamea
Dier uit het Palearctisch gebied

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Prospective Cover Letter Example prospective cover letter example speculative job application cover letter prospective template photos download. prospective cover letter example prospective cover letter doritrcatodosco. prospective cover letter example prospective cover letter doritrcatodosco printable. Prospective Cover Letter Example prospective cover letter example prospective cover letter doritrcatodosco free. prospective cover letter example start writing the common app reveals new essay for college templates. prospective cover letter example prospective cover letter doritrcatodosco free. Prospective Cover Letter Example prospective cover letter example the general rules for writing cover letters template.
Prospective Cover Letter Example prospective cover letter example prospective cover letter doritrcatodosco. prospective cover letter example prospective cover letter doritrcatodosco printable. prospective cover letter example prospective cover letter doritrcatodosco free. prospective cover letter example start writing the common app reveals new essay for college templates. prospective cover letter example prospective cover letter doritrcatodosco free.


text:
Oberhofen ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Niederbergkirchen und eine Gemarkung im oberbayerischen Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn.

Lage
Der Weiler liegt auf einem Höhenrücken, knapp 3 km südöstlich von Niederbergkirchen. Neben einigen kleinen Verbindungen führt eine Gemeindestraße von Niederbergkirchen kommend nach Mühldorf am Inn.

Geschichte
Vor der Gemeindegebietsreform war Oberhofen eine selbstständige Gemeinde mit folgenden Gemeindeteilen:

Am 6. Juni 1961 hatte die Gemeinde 525 Einwohner, 43 davon in Oberhofen. Der einwohnerstärkste Ort war Rohrbach (97). Die Gemeindefläche betrug 1964 1130 Hektar. Am 1. Mai 1978 wurde die Gemeinde nach Niederbergkirchen eingegliedert.

Sonstiges
Sehenswert ist das ehemalige Rekonvaleszentenheim des Klosters Raitenhaslach mit angebauter Hauskapelle St. Nikolaus.

→ Liste der Baudenkmäler in Niederbergkirchen

Seit dem Jahr 1885 besteht eine Freiwillige Feuerwehr.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Niederbergkirchen
Ort im Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn)
Gemeindeauflösung 1978
Weiler in Oberbayern


Rma/Rmai Networks - The Brant Mortgage Team | Residential & Commercial Mortgage Brokers | Canada | Rma.
How to make your credit better in 5 steps.
Is your credit score effecting your ability to get a mortgage?
Many people are asking is a variable rate mortgage a good option these days.
You guys are the best! You manage to make mortgages make sense to me.
I appreciated the personal feeling, given the circumstances that I needed mortgage assistance. It was a difficult time and Sheryl made the process more comfortable and easier.
Sheryl, Thank you for your guidance and for sharing your knowledge with me as I navigated my renewal. Algthough Manulife was not in the cards for me, I am so grateful that you were able to share the Manulife details with my parents. It will make retirement much easier for them. I am so grateful, Thank you.


So instead of mentioning data, people have begun waving their hands and talking vaguely about the "cloud." This seems to be the perfect metaphor—a mystical vapor hanging over Earth, occasionally raining information on the parched recipients below. It is both unknowable and all-knowing. It answers all questions, if only we know how to interpret those answers.
This evolution brings to mind two images. The first is from the current scientific hypothesis that all of the information in a black hole resides in the event horizon that surrounds it. This is like the idea of the cloud, while on Earth below, the practical reality of the cloud manifests in proliferating server farms. These farms bring the second image to mind: Douglas Adams's city-size supercomputer, Deep Thought, from the classic novel (and radio play and TV show and movie) The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.
With these imaginary end states in mind, I wonder: Where is all this headed? Will data increase indefinitely, or is there some point of diminishing returns? Is there such a thing as enough data—or possibly too much?
For the purposes of our discussion, let's say that data is composed of 1s and 0s, information is the words and images encoded by data, and knowledge is what we glean or learn from that information. The critical refining is between information and knowledge. In the refining of oil, the ratio of the useful final product to the starting amount of crude is not a function of the amount of crude. Not so with information: The more crude information we have to deal with, the less knowledge we want to produce per bit. Otherwise, big data will simply overwhelm us as it continues to grow. What we want is the small knowledge that we obtain from the big information. As the data set gets bigger, the job gets harder. The catch, however, is that unless the big information is big enough, it may not contain the small signal that we are searching for.
I'm also mindful of the propensity of drawers, closets, and hard drives to eventually become filled with useless junk. I sometimes blame this on the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy—that is, disorder—always increases. Perhaps this will ultimately be true of the cloud. Old, useless information accumulates, and it's too much work to purge it. Moreover, who's to say what is useless and what is not? Everything is in there, but everything is too much. Entropy is maximized, and the data ultimately becomes, as Shakespeare put it, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing.


text:
Jamia Wins North Zone Inter-Varsity Hockey (Men) Tournament
Jamia Milia Islamia (JMI) University wins the final match of North Zone Inter-Varsity Hockey (Men) Tournament 2010-11 played on January 4, 2011.
Home: News: Jamia Wins North Zone Inter-Varsity Hockey (Men) Tournament
Delhi: Jamia Milia Islamia (JMI) University won the last league match of North Zone Inter-Varsity Hockey (Men) Tournament 2010-11 played on January 4, 2011 at 2.00 pm. Jamia won its match against Panjab University, Chandigarh with a solitary field goal scored by Mr. Devi Prasan of Jamia Hockey Team.
According to the press release issued by the University, the prize distribution ceremony was held after the last match in the Hockey Ground of Faculty of Education. Mr. Zafar Iqbal, former Hockey Olympian and Arjuna Awardee, was the Chief Guest of the programme. Prof. S.M. Rashid, Pro Vice-Chancellor, JMI presided over the ceremony. The final standing of the teams are as follows: Jamia Millia Islamia stands on First Position, Kurukshetra University on Second Position, GND University on Third Position and Panjab University, Chandigarh on Fourth position.
This year, Jamia Millia Islamia had hosted North Zone Inter-Varsity Hockey (Men) Tournament from December 28, 2010 till January 4, 2011. Total of 27 Universities from North Zone had participated in the Tournament. All the Universities were divided into four pools viz. A, B, C & D. A total 29 matches were played out. Out of these, 23 were played at the knock-out stage and 6 were played at the league level.
- By Madiha Wasi
Jamia Millia Islamia News
Jamia to Host the North Zone Inter University Hockey Tournament (Men) From Dec 28
Jamia Student Bags First Prize in Inter-University Elocution-cum-Extempore Competition
Jamia Millia Professor Gets Young Scientist Award
Jamia Students Bring Laurels at Shooting Championship
Jamia to Organize a Workshop on �Study Smart� On December 13
JEE Advanced 2014 Date Announced
IIMA to Launch RTE Resource Centre
Centre of Excellence Established at PSG College of Technology
UGC Releases List of Fake Universities in India
Sunstone Business School Launches PGPM for Working Professionals in Tier 2 & 3 Cities


text:
package ru.stqa.pft.addressbook.appmanager;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

/**
 * Created by mocius on 2017-03-26.
 */
public class SessionHelper extends HelperBase{

  public SessionHelper(WebDriver wd){
    super(wd);
  }
  public void login(String username) {
    type(By.name("user"), username);
    type(By.name("pass"), "\\undefined");
    click(By.xpath("//form[@id='LoginForm']/input[3]"));
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


San Rafael, CA – Tarpan Records is pleased to announce the international release of EVOLUTION the upcoming full-length album by Narada Michael Walden releasing on October 30th 2015. The albums' first single, Billionaire On Soul Street, which was released on August 14th, 2015 and the forthcoming album represent a change of direction for Narada, one that brings him back to his roots in Dance and Club Music, Funk and Soul. The first single was, and full-length album will be released on Narada's own imprint, Tarpan Records.
Los Angeles, CA: On October 2, Shanachie Entertainment will release "Live In Tokyo," the definitive concert experience from contemporary jazz icon Keiko Matsui. Recorded during a sold-out stop on her 2014 Soul Quest World Tour, the CD/DVD release showcases her stunning live show like never before.


text:
Who is Suzy Nakamura? Age, Height, Net Worth, Tv-Series, Movies, Husband, Children
October 26, 2022, 10:25 pm inActress
Suzy Nakamura
Suzy Nakamura Age, Height, Net Worth, Tv-Series, Movies: Suzy Nakamura is a well-known American theater artist, actress, writer, director, and comedian, who has garnered global recognition because of her magnificent performance in various movies as well as Tv shows like For Your Consideration (2006), Daddio (2000), Half & Half (2002), Help Me Help You (2006), Go On (2012), and Snowfall (2021). Besides this, she is a theater artist known for her few successful plays like Coptors, Pen to Paper, The Redwood Curtain, and others.
Suzy Nakamura Biography / Wiki
On 2 December 1968, Suzy was born in Chicago, Illinois, USA, and grew up with her Japanese descent family. She graduated from Lane Technical College Prep High School and moved to Columbia College for a bachelor's degree in arts and theater. Being fond of acting from a young age, she began her acting journey while studying in high school.
Suzy Nakamura Age
As per Suzy Nakamura's date of birth, her age is 54 years (as of now, in 2022).
Suzy Nakamura Height and Weight
Suzy Nakamura's height is about 5′ 4″ and her weight is approximately 54 kg.
A post shared by suzy nakamura (@notreallysuzy)
Suzy Nakamura's Net Worth
As per several media reports, Suzy Nakamura's current net worth is estimated to be more than 5-8m USD. Her major sources of earnings are acting, movies, Tv series, theater plays, brand promotions, advertisements, and other business ventures.
Suzy Nakamura Theater Plays and Early Fame
Suzy commenced her acting career while studying in high school after joining the school drama club and even acted in various school plays. Subsequently, she completed her acting training in Asian-American theater. She gained early fame because of her impressive performance in a play called "An Infinite Ache". Her work in the play was praised by critics and the play was critically successful.
Other than this, Suzy has worked in various plays as well as dramas including The Showatorium, Shogun's Heroes, Coed Prison Sluts – The Musical, The Armando Diaz Experience, The Dickie Bell Twist Dance Party, The Second City Alumni Jam, The Powerhouse Variety Show, The Redwood Curtain, and others.
Suzy Nakamura is posing for a photographer
Suzy Nakamura Tv-Series and Web Shows
In 1996, Suzy started her Tv career as Suzy Yamamoto in a comedy-drama series called "Common Law". She garnered global recognition on Tv in 1998 because of her magnificent performance as Beverly Andolini in a comedy-drama series called "The Closer" created by John J. Strauss and Ed Decter. The series was critically successful and has a rating of 7.1 on IMDB so far.
Apart from this, Suzy is known for playing major and minor roles in various Tv series and web shows including The West Wing (1999), Curb Your Enthusiasm (2002), Abby (2003), Good Morning, Miami (2004), The Minor Accomplishments of Jackie Woodman (2006), Grey's Anatomy (2008), 10 Things I Hate About You (2009), Men of a Certain Age (2010), The Goldbergs (2014), All About the Washingtons (2018), The Neighborhood (2020), and others.
Suzy Nakamura The West Wing
Suzy is known for playing the major role of Cathy in the 1999s drama series "The West Wing" created by Aaron Sorkin. The story of the series revolved around the lives of staffers of the White House West Wing. The series was critically successful and has a rating of 8.9 on IMDB as of now. Subsequently, the series received various awards including ACE Eddie Awards, ALMA Awards, American Film Institute Awards, and others.
Suzy Nakamura Curb Your Enthusiasm
In 2002, Suzy played a recurring role in a comedy-drama series called "Curb Your Enthusiasm" created by Larry David. The series received positive reviews from critics and has a rating of 8.8 on IMDB so far. Other than this, the series was critically successful and even won various awards including the Directors Guild of America Award, the Emmy Award, the Hollywood Critics Association TV Award, and the Screen Actors Guild Award.
Suzy Nakamura Modern Family
Suzy appeared as Dr. Miura, a supporting cast in the 2009s comedy, drama, and romantic series "Modern Family" created by Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan. The series followed the story of three different families and their struggles. Besides this, Suzy's performance was praised by the audience and even nominated for various awards globally.
Suzy Nakamura is posing with fellow artists
Suzy Nakamura Snowfall
In 2021, Suzy was cast as Irene Abe in a crime-drama series titled "Snowfall" created by Dave Andron, Eric Amadio, and John Singleton. The audience as well as critics praised the series for its gripping storyline and direction. Furthermore, Suzy's performance was commendable in the series and received nominations for various awards.
Suzy Nakamura Movies and Short Films
Suzy started her movie career as a supporting cast in the 1997s comedy movie "Men Seeking Women" directed by Jim Milio. Her global popularity as an actress came in 2000 for playing the major role of Connie Ling in a drama-romantic movie called "Timecode" created by Mike Figgis. The movie received mixed reviews from critics and was commercially successful as well.
Besides this, Suzy is known for playing major and minor roles in various movies as well as short films such as Deep Impact (1998), Treasure Island (1999), Stark Raving Mad (2002), Malibu's Most Wanted (2003), Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story (2004), Must Love Dogs (2005), The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), For Your Consideration (2006), American Zombie (2007), Evan Almighty (2007), Spy School (2008), Horrible Bosses 2 (2014), and others.
Suzy Nakamura is with her pet cat
Suzy Nakamura Family/ Parents/ Siblings
Suzy was born into a Japanese descent family and has not shared much about her parents as well as siblings at this time. If we received information regarding her family members then promptly update you guys.
Suzy Nakamura Husband/ Children
Suzy was married to a famous writer and producer named Harry Hannigan. In 2018, both separated citing personal issues. There is no authentic information available about their children as of now.
Suzy Nakamura is in a photoshoot
Unknown Facts about Suzy Nakamura
Suzy Nakamura hails from Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Her full name is Susan Aiko Nakamura.
She is a noted theater artist, actress, writer, director, and Tv celebrity.
In 1996, Suzy made her acting debut in a comedy-drama series called "Common Law".
Her hobbies include traveling, cycling, photography, fishing, surfing, reading books, and painting.
She is an avid animal lover and has a pet dog.
Suzy is a gourmet of Italian, Mexican, Japanese, and Spanish cuisines.
Lidya Jewett is also a famous actress known for working with Suzy Nakamura in various movies and Tv shows.
Suzy Nakamura is at an event
Suzy Nakamura Instagram @notreallysuzy
Suzy Nakamura Twitter @SuzyNakamura
Does Suzy Nakamura, Consume Alcohol? Yes
Does Suzy Nakamura, Swim? Yes
Does she go to the Gym? Yes
Is Suzy Nakamura a Jogger? Yes
Who is Suzy Nakamura?
Suzy Nakamura is a well-known American theater artist, actress, writer, director, and comedian, who is globally famous because of her remarkable work in different movies and Tv shows like For Your Consideration (2006), Daddio (2000), Half & Half (2002), Help Me Help You (2006), Go On (2012), and others.
Is Suzy Nakamura married?
Yes, Suzy Nakamura was married to Harry Hannigan and separated in 2018.
How old is Suzy Nakamura?
The age of Suzy Nakamura is 54 years (as of 2022).
When is the Birthday of Suzy Nakamura?
Suzy Nakamura's birthday is on 2 December 1968.
What is the Zodiac Sign of Suzy Nakamura?
The Zodiac Sign of Suzy Nakamura is Sagittarius.
How tall is Suzy Nakamura?
Suzy Nakamura is 5′ 4″ tall.
Where is Suzy Nakamura from?
Suzy Nakamura is from Chicago, Illinois, USA.
How much is the net worth of Suzy Nakamura?
Suzy Nakamura's net worth is assessed to be more than 5-8m USD.
Previous article Who is Lidya Jewett? Age, Net Worth, Height, Tv-Series, Movies, Boyfriend, Family, Siblings
Next article Who is Alex Eubank? Height, Age, Girlfriend, Weight, Workout, Net Worth, Biography, Family, Wiki
Who is Lidya Jewett? Age, Net Worth, Height, Tv-Series, Movies, Boyfriend, Family, Siblings
Who is Alex Eubank? Height, Age, Girlfriend, Weight, Workout, Net Worth, Biography, Family, Wiki


text:
Budget, Economy
Daily News Clips
Lowell Feld
Adam Siegel
Ivymain
Josh Stanfield
Kellen Squire
Featured Guests Posts
Blue Virginia
Saturday News: "The Coronavirus Is Evolving Before Our Eyes"; "Biden's plan can build a bridge to a better economy"; "Even the Guy MyPillow CEO…
Friday News: "The Covid-19 Death Toll Is Even Worse Than It Looks"; "Four Rules That Should Guide Bidenomics"; "Trump won't say the one thing…
Virginia Republicans' Disastrous Start To The Legislative Session
Video: Virginia Senate Democratic Caucus Lays Out Priorities and Agenda
Video: VA House Speaker Eileen Filler-Corn Opens 2021 House of Delegates Session, Which Will Adjourn in Memory of Capitol Police Officer Brian Sicknick
Thursday News: "Trump is impeached yet again. But most GOP members shrug at sedition"; "How Facebook Incubated the Insurrection"; "Two Virginia police officers, man…
Wednesday News: "House to impeach Trump as GOP support grows"; "We must end the post-truth society"; "Now Social Media Grows a Conscience?"; "Security heightened…
Tuesday News: "Yes, It Was a Coup. Here's Why."; "This Putsch Was Decades in the Making"; "Impeach, Convict and Disqualify"; "The U.S. must punish…
Home Mark Herring In Response to AG Mark Herring's Request, Facebook Reveals 1.7 Million Virginians...
Mark Herring
In Response to AG Mark Herring's Request, Facebook Reveals 1.7 Million Virginians Affected by Reported Misuse of Personal Data
lowkell
From AG Mark Herring's office – nice job!
IN RESPONSE TO AG HERRING'S REQUEST, FACEBOOK REVEALS 1.7 MILLION VIRGINIANS AFFECTED BY REPORTED MISUSE OF PERSONAL DATA
~ In March 26 letter, Herring and fellow state AGs requested information on the scale of the incident and Facebook's privacy and data security practices ~
RICHMOND (May 2, 2018) – In response to a demand for information from Attorney General Mark R. Herring, Facebook has revealed that up to 1.7 million Virginians, or approximately 20% of all Virginians, may have been impacted by the alleged privacy breach that has recently come to light. According to Facebook, approximately 7,100 users in Virginia downloaded the third-party application at issue, potentially exposing the private information of up to 1.7 million friends of those users. The information was provided in response to a letter Attorney General Herring sent Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg on March 26 demanding information about the number of potentially affected Virginians and about Facebook's privacy policies and data security practices.
"While we continue to await a fuller explanation about this incident from Facebook and its leadership, an important first step is getting our arms around the scale of the exposure," said Attorney General Herring. "The fact that one in five Virginians may have had their personal information shared without permission is extremely troubling. I'd encourage all Virginians to take this opportunity to review their privacy settings and make sure they understand just what they may be sharing with Facebook and other social media platforms."
According to Facebook:
7,103 Virginia users installed the application
1,702,732 friends of those users had their information potentially exposed
1,709,835 total Virginians may have had their information potentially exposed
Facebook has said that up to 87 million users, mostly in the United States, may have had their data inappropriately turned over to Cambridge Analytica.
Attorney General Herring was one of a bipartisan group of 37 state attorneys general who wrote Facebook with specific questions about the incident and Facebook's privacy and data protection policies, including:
How many users in the states of the signatory Attorneys General were impacted?
Were terms of service clear and understandable?
How did Facebook monitor what developers did with the data that they collected?
What type of controls did Facebook have over the data given to developers?
Did Facebook have protective safeguards in place, including audits, to ensure developers were not misusing the Facebook user's data?
When did Facebook learn of this breach of privacy protections?
During this time frame, what other third-party "research" applications were also able to access the data of unsuspecting Facebook users?
Attorney General Herring and his team will update the public as more information becomes available.
Daily Feature
Previous articleWednesday News: Talking to Mueller Could Be Minefield for Trump; Former Trump Doctor Says Office Raided; Kanye Craziness; "'Blue wave' lifts Joe Cobb, Djuna Osborne to Roanoke council seats"
Next articleNew Poll of the New Hampshire 2020 Democratic Primary Finds TMac in Last Place, No Matter Who's in the Field
Video: AG Mark Herring Says "we have to hold those elected officials who are fanning the flames, repeating the lies, accountable"
Majority of Virginia Senate Democrats Endorse AG Mark Herring for Reelection
Sen. Mark Warner on Trump's Permanent Suspension by Twitter: "This is much bigger than one person"; It's about "an entire ecosystem that allows misinformation...
Blue VirginiaFollow
Blue Virginia@bluevirginia·
Memo from Incoming WH Chief of Staff On the First Ten Days of the Admin. ("On Inauguration Day...Biden will sign roughly a dozen actions to combat the four crises, restore humanity to our immigration system, and make government function for the people") https://bluevirginia.us/2021/01/memo-from-incoming-white-house-chief-of-staff-ron-klain-on-the-first-ten-days-of-the-administration
In general, @BarbaraComstock's right - primaries are better than conventions, with the exception that without Instant Runoff Voting, someone can win a multi-candidate primary with a small plurality of the vote, and that's not good. https://bluevirginia.us/2021/01/saturday-news-the-coronavirus-is-evolving-before-our-eyes-bidens-plan-can-build-a-bridge-to-a-better-economy-even-the-guy-mypillow-ceo-mike-lindell-wants-for-a-coup-is-confused#comment-5229979698
- Blue Virginia Sponsor -
Support Blue Virginia
Blue Virginia has published more than 2,000 articles covering Virginia politics in the last year, reaching 2.2 million visitors and generating 7.1 million pageviews. Please consider donating to support our coverage of Virginia politics.
Daily News Briefings
Saturday News: "The Coronavirus Is Evolving Before Our Eyes"; "Biden's plan can build a...
lowkell - January 16, 2021
Friday News: "The Covid-19 Death Toll Is Even Worse Than It Looks"; "Four Rules...
Thursday News: "Trump is impeached yet again. But most GOP members shrug at sedition";...


text:
The new Innovestment
According to Hermann Hesse, every reset has an inherent magic: Innovestment is back! As the name "Innovestment" suggests, we have always tried to combine two factors, innovation and investment. While we are already looking forward to being able to present new exciting (growth) companies and thus investment opportunities to you in the future, we have also applied the topic of innovation to ourselves. But before we introduce you to the future - the new innovestment - let's take a look at the past and clarify where we come from and what we are all about.
How it all began in 2011
When we launched Innovestment in Germany in 2011 together with Seedmatch (crowdinvesting) and Startnext (crowdfunding) as one of the first crowdfunding platforms for startups ever, we did so in the face of a deplorable so-called early-stage funding gap. Innovative companies without collateral were threatened with extinction right from the start, because capital was not available from banks, especially in markets and models that were considered uncharted territory and the VC industry was still nascent relative to UK and US. However, if these ideas are not promoted accordingly, Germany will not only lose its place among the world's top in the long run, but investors will also potentially lose a lot of money. As a country of hidden champions, Germany in particular knows the triad of technology, progress and prosperity.
With Innovestment, we made these startups accessible to investors. A lot has happened since then: While in 2011 only six companies nationwide were financed with 1.4 million euro via crowd investing, in 2018 748 projects were already able to make use of it and collect a proud 297 million euro. The market has also diversified considerably as platforms specialised in real estate such as Exporo or iFunded have emerged.
Money must work
According to our philosophy, we want to enable investors to invest in a self-determined way. The innovestment model allows them to act as entrepreneurially as the companies we present, which in turn are financed in a sustainable manner.
Innovestment has always seen itself as a trendsetter and pacemaker of development and since its foundation in 2011 has arranged a total of over 8 million euros in 30 public and 10 private project financings. We are proud of the companies that we have been able to accompany so far and that have been financed thanks to you, our investors, because your wealth of ideas and your passion for entrepreneurship drive the economy forward and make the world a better place. At the same time, money flows where we believe it belongs: Into the real economy and therefore into companies that shape the future.
And we too are now turning to the future. Neither could investors in the meantime expect relaxation on the interest rate front nor has much changed in the starting position of the young companies. We therefore remain true to our goals and are creating the basis for their implementation through restructuring: We want to make it easier for companies to obtain financing and at the same time create attractive investments with which investors can expand their portfolios in the long term.
Innovestments new model
Our model was further developed in three main categories:
transparency and
What is changing for investors in concrete terms:
The entire investment and financing process has been revised and thus simplified even further, because your time is worth it to us. We are starting off with a new business and fee model that is as clear as it is fair. The conditions for investors have also changed and now provide for a fixed minimum term and interest rates for the subordinated loan. A central feature of our design and functional makeover is the elimination of the so-called funding bar, i.e. the display of the capital already invested, as we attach importance to the fact that investors make their decisions independently and do not possibly succumb to the herd instinct.
Today, we also offer investments in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the areas of sustainability (impact investing), innovation(growth and project financing) and entrepreneurship (revenue stage startups). Thus we cover the entire growth process from seedling to fully-grown tree in full bloom. This set-up also allows a certain degree of risk diversification in the portfolio.
What is actually changing for companies:
From now on, a company valuation is no longer necessary, since the subordinated loan is purely interest-based and does not provide for a participation in the equity capital. On the other hand, the Financial Investment Brokerage Regulation (Finanzanlagenvermittlungsordnung - FinVermV) has been amended to allow new thresholds. You can read them here.
What is changing for Innovestment itself:
Innovestment now has a new shareholder structure, from whose decades of experience in financial asset brokerage we can draw. And we look beyond the German horizon: Within the framework of internationalisation and European harmonisation, our platform will soon be available in English, so stay tuned!
We are also sharpening our focus in two areas that are close to our hearts. On the one hand, we are pursuing a multi-asset approach, which allows us to present exceptional entrepreneurs as well as impact investments. On the other hand, we would like to increase the proportion of female investors from the current 10% to 25%, thus enabling women to diversify their assets more effectively.
So the name stays the same, we also keep our drive, but everything else has been revised. Many of these points still need a more detailed explanation and therefore we will take them up again in detail shortly. Do you have any questions? Then write to us, we look forward to the exchange with you!
Are you curious?
If you would like more information about the investment process at Innovestment, please visit our "How it works" page.


text:
Abbott and the Boat Parade
commtims / November 15, 2014 December 18, 2020
Love Thee Neighbor Plans "Homeless Armada" in Boat Parade
Following his continuing defiance of City ordinances and high-profile protests at Mayor Jack Seiler's home, Arnold Abbott today announced his plan to have a "Homeless Armada" in the annual Winterfest Boat Parade, consisting of a lead boat, a cooking/feeding barge and various support boats.
Abbott and Seiler at news conference
Abbott says his plan is to provide food at numerous locations along the parade route so the homeless can eat while they watch the parade.
Although most homeless are downtown or on the beach, he plans to make other stops at parks, residential lots and businesses along New River and the Intracoastal, enabling the homeless to watch the parade from numerous locations, from Riverfront to Shooters and back.
Asked whether he had approval from the Winterfest Committee, he said "I don't ask for permission from the City, why should I need permission from Winterfest. What are they going to do, have the Coast Guard sink us?"
In addition to the feeding mission, Cross Chartering Yacht Transport lead boat will feature "Homeless Celebrities" who will be available for media interviews condemning the City's heartless attitude. Awards will also be given in many categories, including most sensational media coverage, and best high-profile local attorneys who are donating their time to insure the homeless are fed somewhere they don't live, and aren't anywhere near their homes.
City: Fort Lauderale, Fla.
Dateline: April 1st ……….
….special thanks to Bor ….
Previous ArticleUpdate on McKinzie Lawsuit
Next ArticleDon't Believe My Last Post !
5 Replies to "Abbott and the Boat Parade"
steve sticht says:
I'm betting $50 on Abbott getting sunk by the Coast Guard…..
He big shot, they sunk your bumship!
Count LF Chodkiewicz Chudzikiewicz says:
Firstly, thank you Commissioner Smith for letting people like me who have to go to Europe or other places but live in Ft. Lauderdale (South Middle River) know what the heck is going on back home.
Secondly, What kind of public relations LUNATICS are on the Ft. Lauderdale City Commission. As an observant Jew who supports most actions of the City Commission I was outraged they had not only a meeting but a "Salute the City's volunteers event on the (religious) First Day of Passover, but that our Mayor made an assine comment about "deferring issues a Jew would be interested in" as if I have "Jewish" items on a City Agenda, then the "public relations" guy at City Hall misinforms everyone Passover, which consists of two night meals on the night before the First Day of Religious Services and the night before the Second Day of religious services, but is celebrated by eating Matzos etc. during 8 days, is in fact "celebrated for 8 days, and one day or another doesn't matter!) unbelieveable ignorance from a 10 or 20 year event of government in a County with one of the largest Jewish populations on the planet.
Then the Mayor insults the Jewish Commnity by appearing on the night before, not a Jewish HOIDAY like Passover, but on the religious Eve of a HIGH HOLY DAY making a Jewish High Holy Day a "day to honour an ex-assistant city Manager!!!!!!!! Then in my neighborhood with Orthodox Jews, the City';s traffic office holds a traffic meeting on a Saturday, our Sabbos, so Othodox Jews that are effected can't attend.
then there is the electing of a PLANTATION RESIDENT to a Fort Lauderdale City Commission seat!
And the CONTINUING INTERNATIONAL COVERAGE of our OUT OF TOUCH WITH REALITY OF MODERN PUBLICITY City Commissioner lead by the Mayor because neither the Mayor of City Commission has successfully explained the reasons for the problems with the homeless and their advocates.
The arrogance, not evil, the stupidity, not corruption, of the Mayor and City Commission has caused our problems I believe.
So far the City Commission has outraged Jews, those who want honest government, those who want to help the unfortunate who are hungry or homeless, and I wonder what people will feel like when the City Mayor and Commission discloses they plan to spend ONE BILLION DOLLARS on new stormwater schemes and an INCREASE IN THE SALES TAX for "transportation"!!!!
I don't know how "good intentions" and "honest government" can have so screwed things up the City is getting a reputation as greedy, heartless, clueless, clod-land!!!!!!! I mean, "Mr. Intregirty" Dean Trantalis voting to put a PLANTATION RESIDENT IN AS A FORT LAUDERDALE CITY COMMISSIONER – what in the name of Heavens is going on back home??????
I can't even watch CNN International News without seeing us, the people of Ft. Lauderdale, portrayed in a negative way!
I wish everyone back home a HAPPY THANKSGIVING, even Dean Trantalis and Mr. Cox the homeless guy from City Hall Commission meetings,
more fun than spring break says:
Mr. Cox esteemed citizen and activist who has spoke on every item at every meeting both conference and commission since August has kicked their butts and then some with one hand tied behind his back.
(Did not think it was possible because even FtLdle Land Barons couldn't do it.)
Isn't there an FtLdle advisory board that needs that kind of dedication from a member?
I feel very sorry for Mr Abbott and his supporters. People who can not adjust or change with the times are not going to get everything they want in life. I hope the City Commission listens to the residents and businesses that are affected by these feeding events. As a city we are not monsters, I can't think of anyone I know in this town who hasn't helped with some event, fund raiser, project or charity to make life better for those in our community who need assistance. I resent the "heartless city" that the media has thrust upon us. Mr Abbott wants to be in the boat parade… go for it. It's the way we as a town celebrate. Mr. Abbott to be a celebrity and now it appears wants HIS OWN charity. Please give the city government credit for making it possible for him to do what he likes for so long. However, He does need to have more cleaniness in the area he chooses and a place for people to wash their hands and go to the potty. Several locations have been offered to him… BUT he wants HIS OWN area of the beach for the city to clean up —- (doesn't everyone? ) I am FOR the ordinance and thank you Tim for all the work. you have done in this city. I wish Mr Abbott's supporters would stop with his "heartless' remarks. Many of us have done lots towards helping the homeless including adopting families, which thousands help us do every year. Lots of people would help him too if he wasn't so intent on having his own charity his own way. I'm proud of the projects by Fort Lauderdale people. Who cares who gets the "glory"? Thank you.
Fred Carlson says:
HOLY MATZABALLS, oops it's them BAGELS got der hooleies. I thought our Jewish CITY MANAGER was in charge of these things like scheduling Holy Easter..
But somehow everybody agrees on that date …But Xmas…huh uh..aw fugeddabout it. we got Black Friday right? Whaaat dey sayin a'bout dat on Sistrunk? Guess I'll ash Arnold to serve wine with the meals,,kosher wine ok?


text:
Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)
(Redirected from Theosis (Eastern Orthodox theology))
Icon of The Ladder of Divine Ascent (the steps toward theosis as described by John Climacus) showing monks ascending (and falling from) the ladder to Jesus
Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, Hagia Sophia
Theology (History of theology)
Holy Mysteries
View of salvation
View of Mary
View of icons
Crucifixion / Resurrection / Ascension
Apostolic succession
Four Marks of the Church
Autocephaly
Patriarchate
Ecumenical Patriarch
Episcopal polity
Degrees of monasticism
Autocephalous jurisdictions
Czech lands and Slovakia
* Autocephaly recognized universally de facto, by some Autocephalous Churches de jure. Canonicity universally recognized:
Partially recognized autocephaly by Constantinople:
Noncanonical jurisdictions
Old Believers
True Orthodoxy
Catacomb Church
Old Calendarists
National:
Abkhazina
Syncretic Orthodox Catholic Churches:
Evangelical Orthodox
Western Orthodoxy
Seven Ecumenical Councils:
Other important councils:
Quinisext Council
Constantinople IV
Constantinople V
Jassy
(Synod of) Constantinople
Pentarchy
Christianization of Bulgaria
Christianization of Kievan Rus'
Moscow–Constantinople schism
History of Eastern Orthodox theology
(20th century (Neo-Palamism))
Apophaticism
Essence vs. Energies
Metousiosis
Mystical theology
Nepsis
Oikonomia
Palamism
Philokalia
Phronema
Differences from the Catholic Church
Opposition to the Filioque
Opposition to papal supremacy
Divine Services
Akathist
Apolytikion
Ectenia
Kontakion
Liturgical entrances
Lity
Memory Eternal
Omophorion
Orthodox bowing
Orthodox marriage
Paschal greeting
Paschal Homily
Paschal troparion
Prayer rope
Prosphora
Russian bell ringing
Semantron
Sticheron
Troparion
Use of incense
Paschal cycle
12 Great Feasts
Other feasts:
Feast of Orthodoxy
Intercession of the Theotokos
The four fasting periods:
Nativity Fast
Great Lent
Apostles' Fast
Dormition Fast
Major figures
Athanasius of Alexandria
Basil of Caesarea
Cyril of Jerusalem
Gregory of Nazianzus
Cyril of Alexandria
John Climacus
Maximus the Confessor
John of Damascus
Kassiani
Cyril and Methodius
Photios I of Constantinople
Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
Orthodox cross
Saint titles
Christian mysticism
Theology · Philosophy
Apophatic
Ascetical
Cataphatic
Neoplatonic
Henosis
Invoking of Mystic Saints
Active ascetism
Stages of Christian perfection
Divinization
Spiritual dryness
Religious ecstasy
Passive ascetism
People (by era or century)
Ancient African
Pseudo-Dionysius
Paul of Thebes
Anthony the Great
Arsenius the Great
Poemen
Macarius of Egypt
Moses the Black
John Cassian
11th · 12th
Bernard of Clairvaux
Guigo II
Dominic de Guzmán
Anthony of Padua
Jacopone da Todi
Angela of Foligno
Richard Rolle
Walter Hilton
Margery Kempe
Hadewijch
Beatrice of Nazareth
Lutgardis
John of Ruysbroeck
Johannes Tauler
Henry Suso
Bridget of Sweden
Catherine of Siena
Mechthild of Magdeburg
Marguerite Porete
Francisco de Osuna
John of Ávila
Teresa of Ávila
Catherine of Genoa
Margaret Mary Alacoque
Pierre de Bérulle
Jean-Jacques Olier
Louis de Montfort
Charles de Condren
John Eudes
John of St. Samson
María de Ágreda
Anne Catherine Emmerich
Veronica Giuliani
Francis de Sales
Dina Bélanger
Catherine Labouré
Mélanie Calvat
Maximin Giraud
Bernadette Soubirous
Conchita de Armida
Luisa Piccarreta
Mary of the Divine Heart
Gemma Galgani
Marthe Robin
Adrienne von Speyr
Alexandrina of Balazar
Faustina Kowalska
Berthe Petit
Sister Lúcia of Fátima
Alfred Delp
Edvige Carboni
Elena Aiello
Contemporary papal views
Aspects of meditation
(Orationis Formas, 1989)
Reflection on the New Age (2003)
Literature · Media
Lingua Ignota
Ordo Virtutum
Scivias
Ascent of Mount Carmel
Spiritual Canticle
Way of Perfection
Book of the First Monks
The Interior Castle
Abbey of the Holy Ghost
A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation
Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul
From Willow Creek to Sacred Heart
The Glories of Mary
The Ladder of Divine Ascent
The Story of a Soul
Theologia Germanica
Devotio Moderna
The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima
Sol de Fátima
The Consolation of Philosophy
The Mirror of Simple Souls
Sister Catherine Treatise
Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii
The Vision of Adamnán
Theosis, or divinization ("divinization may also refer to apotheosis, lit. "making divine"), is a transformative process whose aim is likeness to or union with God, as taught by the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches. As a process of transformation, theosis is brought about by the effects of catharsis (purification of mind and body) and theoria ('illumination' with the 'vision' of God). According to Eastern Christian teaching, theosis is very much the purpose of human life. It is considered achievable only through a synergy (or cooperation) between human activity and God's uncreated energies (or operations).[1]
According to Metropolitan Hierotheos (Vlachos), the primacy of theosis in Eastern Orthodox Christian theology is directly related to the fact that Eastern Christian theology (as historically conceived by its principal exponents) is based to a greater extent than Latin Catholic theology on the direct spiritual insights of the saints or mystics of the church rather than the apparently more rational thought tradition of the West.[2] Eastern Christians consider that "no one who does not follow the path of union with God can be a theologian"[3] in the proper sense. Thus theology in Eastern Christianity is not treated primarily as an academic pursuit. Instead it is based on applied revelation (see gnosiology), and the primary validation of a theologian is understood to be a holy and ascetical life rather than intellectual training or academic credential (see scholasticism).[2]
1 Divinization
2 Theoria
3 As a patristic and historical teaching
5 Ascetic practice
6 Western attitudes
9.1 Footnotes
Divinization[edit]
Further information: Divinization (Christian)
Athanasius of Alexandria wrote, "He was incarnate that we might be made god" (Αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐνηνθρώπησεν, ἵνα ἡμεῖς θεοποιηθῶμεν).[4] His statement is an apt description of the doctrine. What would otherwise seem absurd—that fallen, sinful man may become holy as God is holy—has been made possible through Jesus Christ, who is God incarnate. Naturally, the crucial Christian assertion, that God is One, sets an absolute limit on the meaning of theosis: as it is not possible for any created being to become God ontologically, or even a necessary part of God (of the three existences of God called hypostases), so a created being cannot become Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit nor the Father of the Trinity.[5]
Most specifically creatures, i.e. created beings, cannot become God in His transcendent essence, or ousia, hyper-being (see apophaticism). Such a concept would be the henosis, or absorption and fusion into God of Greek pagan philosophy. However, every being and reality itself is considered as composed of the immanent energy, or energeia, of God. As energy is the actuality of God, i.e. his immanence, from God's being, it is also the energeia or activity of God. Thus the doctrine avoids pantheism while partially accepting Neoplatonism's terms and general concepts, but not its substance (see Plotinus).[5]
Maximus the Confessor wrote:
A sure warrant for looking forward with hope to deification of human nature is provided by the Incarnation of God, which makes man God to the same degree as God Himself became man ... . Let us become the image of the one whole God, bearing nothing earthly in ourselves, so that we may consort with God and become gods, receiving from God our existence as gods. For it is clear that He Who became man without sin (cf. Heb. 4:15) will divinize human nature without changing it into the Divine Nature, and will raise it up for His Own sake to the same degree as He lowered Himself for man's sake. This is what St[.] Paul teaches mystically when he says, '[]that in the ages to come he might display the overflowing richness of His grace' (Eph. 2:7)[6]
Theoria[edit]
Further information: Christian contemplation
Through theoria (illumination with or direct experience of the Triune God), human beings come to know and experience what it means to be fully human, i.e., the created image of God; through their communion with Jesus Christ, God shares himself with the human race, in order to conform them to all that He is in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness. As God became human, in all ways except sin, he will also make humans "God", i.e., "holy" or "saintly", in all ways except his Divine Essence, which is uncaused and uncreated. Irenaeus explained this doctrine in the work Against Heresies, Book 5, Preface: "the Word of God, our Lord Jesus Christ, Who did, through His transcendent love, become what we are, that He might bring us to be even what He is Himself."
As a patristic and historical teaching[edit]
For many Church Fathers, theosis goes beyond simply restoring people to their state before the fall of Adam and Eve, teaching that because Christ united the human and divine natures in Jesus' person, it is now possible for someone to experience closer fellowship with God than Adam and Eve initially experienced in the Garden of Eden, and that people can become more like God than Adam and Eve were at that time. Some Eastern Christian theologians go so far as to say that Jesus would have become incarnate for this reason alone, even if Adam and Eve had never sinned.[7]
All of humanity is fully restored to the full potential of humanity because the Son of God took to himself a human nature to be born of a woman, and takes to himself also the sufferings due to sin (yet is not himself sinful, and is God unchanged in being). In Christ the two natures of God and human are not two persons but one; thus a union is effected in Christ between all of humanity in principle and God. So the holy God and sinful humanity are reconciled in principle in the one sinless man, Jesus Christ. (See Jesus' prayer as recorded in John 17.)[8]
This reconciliation is made actual through the struggle to conform to the image of Christ. Without the struggle, the praxis, there is no real faith; faith leads to action, without which it is dead. One must unite will, thought, and action to God's will, his thoughts, and his actions. A person must fashion his life to be a mirror, a true likeness of God. More than that, since God and humanity are more than a similarity in Christ but rather a true union, Christians' lives are more than mere imitation and are rather a union with the life of God himself: so that the one who is working out salvation is united with God working within the penitent both to will and to do that which pleases God.
A common analogy for theosis, given by the Greek fathers, is that of a metal which is put into the fire. The metal obtains all the properties of the fire (heat, light), while its essence remains that of a metal.[9] Using the head-body analogy from Paul the Apostle, every man in whom Christ lives partakes of the glory of Christ. As John Chrysostom observes, "where the head is, there is the body also. There is no interval to separate between the Head and the body; for were there a separation, then were it no longer a body, then were it no longer a head."[10]
Stages[edit]
Theosis is understood to have three stages: first, the purgative way, purification, or katharsis; second, illumination, the illuminative way, the vision of God, or theoria; and third, sainthood, the unitive way, or theosis. Thus the term "theosis" describes the whole process and its objective. By means of purification a person comes to theoria and then to theosis. Theosis is the participation of the person in the life of God. According to this doctrine, the holy life of God, given in Jesus Christ to the believer through the Holy Spirit, is expressed through the three stages of theosis, beginning in the struggles of this life, increasing in the experience of knowledge of God, and consummated in the resurrection of the believer, when the victory of God over fear, sin, and death, accomplished in the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ, is made manifest in the believer forever.[11]
Ascetic practice[edit]
See also: Desert Fathers
The journey toward theosis includes many forms of praxis, the most obvious being monasticism and clergy. Of the monastic tradition, the practice of hesychasm is most important as a way to establish a direct relationship with God. Living in the community of the church and partaking regularly of the sacraments, especially the Eucharist, is taken for granted. Also important is cultivating "prayer of the heart", and prayer that never ceases, as Paul exhorts the Thessalonians (1 and 2). This unceasing prayer of the heart is a dominant theme in the writings of the Fathers, especially in those collected in the Philokalia. It is considered that no one can reach theosis without an impeccable Christian living, crowned by faithful, warm, and, ultimately, silent, continuous Prayer of the Heart.[12]
The "doer" in deification is the Holy Spirit, with whom the human being joins his will to receive this transforming grace by praxis and prayer, and as Gregory Palamas teaches, the Christian mystics are deified as they become filled with the Light of Tabor of the Holy Spirit in the degree that they make themselves open to it by asceticism (divinization being not a one-sided act of God, but a loving cooperation between God and the advanced Christian, which Palamas considers a synergy).[13]
This synergeia or co-operation between God and Man does not lead to mankind being absorbed into the God as was taught in earlier pagan forms of deification like henosis. Rather it expresses unity, in the complementary nature between the created and the creator. Acquisition of the Holy Spirit is key as the acquisition of the spirit leads to self-realization.[14]
Western attitudes[edit]
Western attitudes towards theosis have traditionally been negative. In his article, Bloor highlights various Western theologians who have contributed to what he calls a "stigma" towards theosis.[15] Yet, recent theological discourse has seen a reversal of this, with Bloor drawing upon Western theologians from an array of traditions, whom, he claims, embrace theosis/deification.[15]
The practice of ascetic prayer, called Hesychasm in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches, "is centered on the enlightenment or deification (... or theosis, in Greek) of man".[16]
Hesychasm is directed to a goal that is not limited to natural life alone and goes beyond this to deification (theosis).[17]
In the past, Roman Catholic theologians generally expressed a negative view of Hesychasm. The doctrine of Gregory Palamas won almost no following in the West,[18] and the distrustful attitude of Barlaam in its regard prevailed among Western theologians, surviving into the early 20th century, as shown in Adrian Fortescue's article on hesychasm in the 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia.[19] Fortescue translated the Greek words ἥσυχος and ἡσυχαστής as "quiet" and "quietist".[20]
In the same period, Edward Pace's article on quietism indicated that, while in the strictest sense quietism is a 17th-century doctrine proposed by Miguel de Molinos, the term is also used more broadly to cover both Indian religions and what Edward Pace called "the vagaries of Hesychasm", thus betraying the same prejudices as Fortescue with regard to hesychasm;[21] and, again in the same period, Siméon Vailhé described some aspects of the teaching of Palamas as "monstrous errors", "heresies" and "a resurrection of polytheism", and called the hesychast method for arriving at perfect contemplation "no more than a crude form of auto-suggestion".[22]
Different concepts of "natural contemplation" existed in the East and in the medieval West.[a][23]
The twentieth century saw a remarkable change in the attitude of Roman Catholic theologians to Palamas, a "rehabilitation" of him that has led to increasing parts of the Western Church considering him a saint, even if uncanonized.[24] Some Western scholars maintain that there is no conflict between Palamas's teaching and Roman Catholic thought.[25] According to G. Philips, the essence–energies distinction is "a typical example of a perfectly admissible theological pluralism" that is compatible with the Roman Catholic magisterium.[25] Jeffrey D. Finch claims that "the future of East–West rapprochement appears to be overcoming the modern polemics of neo-scholasticism and neo-Palamism".[26] Some Western theologians have incorporated the theology of Palamas into their own thinking.[27]
Pope John Paul II said Catholics should be familiar with "the venerable and ancient tradition of the Eastern Churches", so as to be nourished by it. Among the treasures of that tradition he mentioned in particular:
the teaching of the Cappadocian Fathers on divinization (which) passed into the tradition of all the Eastern Churches and is part of their common heritage. This can be summarized in the thought already expressed by Saint Irenaeus at the end of the second century: God passed into man so that man might pass over to God. This theology of divinization remains one of the achievements particularly dear to Eastern Christian thought.[28]
Eastern Christianity portal
Christian perfection
Christian universalism
Eastern Orthodox Christian theology
Exaltation (Mormonism)
Glorification
Holiness movement
Vladimir Lossky
Poustinia
^ John Meyendorff wrote:
The debate between Barlaam and the hesychasts can probably be best understood in the light of their different interpretations of what St. Maximus the Confessor used to call "natural contemplation" (physikē theōria) or the new state of creative being in Christ. Barlaam – and also medieval Latin tradition – tends to understand this created habitus as a condition for and not a consequence of grace. Palamas, on the contrary, proclaims the overwhelming novelty of the Kingdom of God revealed in Christ, and the gratuitous nature of the divine and saving acts of God. Hence, for him, vision of God cannot depend on human "knowledge".[23]
^ Bartos 1999, p. 253; Kapsanis 2006.
^ a b Vlachos 1994.
^ Lossky 2002, p. 39.
^ Athanasius 2011, sec. 54.3, p. 167.
^ a b Lossky 2002, pp. 29–33.
^ PHILOKALIA, Volume 2, page 178).
^ Lossky 2002, ch. 1.
^ Mathewes-Green 2009, p. 12.
^ Popov 2012, p. 48.
^ Chrysostom 2012.
^ Lossky 2002, pp. 8–9, 39, 126, 133, 154, 196.
^ Kotsonis, John (2010). "Unceasing Prayer". OrthodoxyToday.org. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
^ Maloney 2003, p. 173.
^ Kapsanis n.d.
^ a b Bloor 2015.
^ Chrysostomos 2001, p. 206.
^ Fortescue 1910; Horujy 2005.
^ Fortescue 1910.
^ Andreopoulos 2005, p. 215; Fortescue 1910.
^ Fortescue 1910, p. 301.
^ Pace 1911.
^ Vailhé 1909, p. 768.
^ a b Meyendorff 1983, pp. 12–13.
^ Pelikan 1983, p. xi.
^ a b Finch 2007, p. 243.
^ Finch 2007, p. 244.
^ Ware 2000, p. 186.
^ "Pope John Paul II, Orientale Lumen". vatican.va. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
Andreopoulos, Andreas (2005). Metamorphosis: The Transfiguration in Byzantine Theology and Iconography. Crestwood, New York: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88141-295-6.
Athanasius of Alexandria (2011). On the Incarnation of the Word. Popular Patristics Series. 44. Translated by Behr, John. Yonkers, New York: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88141-427-1.
Bartos, Emil (1999). Deification in Eastern Orthodox Theology: An Evaluation and Critique of the Theology of Dumitru Stăniloae. Paternoster Biblical and Theological Monographs. Paternoster Press. ISBN 978-0-85364-956-4.
Bloor, Joshua D. A. (2015). "New Directions in Western Soteriology". Theology. 118 (3): 179–187. doi:10.1177/0040571X14564932. ISSN 2044-2696.
Chrysostom, John (2012). The Homilies On Various Epistles. Altenmünster, Germany: Jazzybee Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8496-2097-4.
Chrysostomos (2001). "An Overview of the Hesychastic Controversy" (PDF). Orthodox and Roman Catholic Relations from the Fourth Crusade to the Hesychastic Controversy. Etna, California: Center for Traditionalist Orthodox Studies. pp. 199–232. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
Finch, Jeffrey D. (2007). "Neo-Palamism, Divinizing Grace, and the Breach between East and West". In Christensen, Michael J.; Wittung, Jeffery A. (eds.). Partakers of the Divine Nature: The History and Development of Deificiation in the Christian Traditions. Madison, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-4111-8.
Fortescue, Adrian (1910). "Hesychasm" . In Herbermann, Charles G.; Pace, Edward A.; Pallen, Condé B.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Wynne, John J. (eds.). Catholic Encyclopedia. 7. New York: Encyclopedia Press (published 1913). pp. 301–303.
Horujy, Sergey S. (2005). "Christian Anthropology and Easter-Orthodox (Hesychast) Asceticism" (lecture). Orthodox Fellowship of All Saints of China. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
Kapsanis, George (n.d.) [1992]. Deification as the Purpose of Man's Life. Retrieved 11 June 2017 – via www.greekorthodoxchurch.org.
——— (2006). Theosis: The True Purpose of Human Life (PDF) (4th ed.). Mount Athos, Greece: Holy Monastery of St. Gregorios. ISBN 960-7553-26-8. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Lossky, Vladimir (2002) [1957]. The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church. Crestwood, New York: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-913836-31-6.
Maloney, George A. (2003). The Undreamed Has Happened: God Lives Within Us. Scranton, Pennsylvania: University of Scranton Press. ISBN 978-1-58966-017-5.
Mathewes-Green, Frederica (2009). The Jesus Prayer: The Ancient Desert Prayer That Tunes the Heart to God. Brewster, Massachusetts: Paraclete Press. ISBN 978-1-55725-659-1.
Meyendorff, John (1983). "Introduction". In Meyendorff, John (ed.). Gregory Palamas: The Triads. The Classics of Western Spirituality. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-2447-3.
Pace, E. A. (1911). "Quietism" . In Herbermann, Charles G.; Pace, Edward A.; Pallen, Condé B.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Wynne, John J. (eds.). Catholic Encyclopedia. 12. New York: Encyclopedia Press (published 1913). pp. 608–610.
Pelikan, Jaroslav (1983). "Preface". In Meyendorff, John (ed.). Gregory Palamas: The Triads. The Classics of Western Spirituality. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-2447-3.
Popov, Ivan V. (2012). "The Idea of Deification in the Early Eastern Church". In Kharlamov, Vladimir (ed.). Theosis: Deification in Christian Theology. 2. Chapter translated by Jakim, Boris. Cambridge, England: James Clarke and Co. pp. 42–82. ISBN 978-0-227-68033-9. JSTOR j.ctt1cgf30h.7.
Vailhé, Siméon (1909). "Greek Church" . In Herbermann, Charles G.; Pace, Edward A.; Pallen, Condé B.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Wynne, John J. (eds.). Catholic Encyclopedia. 6. New York: Encyclopedia Press (published 1913). pp. 752–772.
Vlachos, Hierotheos (1994). "The Difference Between Orthodox Spirituality and Other Traditions". Orthodox Spirituality: A Brief Introduction. Levadia, Greece: Birth of the Theotokos Monastery. ISBN 978-960-7070-20-3. Retrieved 10 June 2017 – via Orthodox Christian Information Center.
Ware, Kallistos (2000). "Eastern Orthodox Theology". In Hastings, Adrian; Mason, Alistair; Pyper, Hugh (eds.). The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought. Oxford University Press. pp. 184–187. ISBN 978-0-19-860024-4.
Anstall, Kharalambos (2007). "Juridical Justification Theology and a Statement of the Orthodox Teaching". In Jersak, Brad; Hardin, Michael (eds.). Stricken by God? Nonviolent Identification and the Victory of Christ. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-6287-7.
Braaten, Carl E.; Jenson, Robert W., eds. (1998). Union with Christ: The New Finnish Interpretation of Luther. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-4442-2.
Christou, Panayiotis (1984). Partakers of God. Brookline, Massachusetts: Holy Cross Orthodox Press. ISBN 978-0-916586-67-6. Retrieved 11 June 2017 – via Myriobiblos.
Clendenin, Daniel B. (1994). "Partakers of Divinity: The Orthodox Doctrine of Theosis" (PDF). Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society. 37 (3): 365–379. ISSN 0360-8808. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
Gleason, Joseph (2012). "What Is Theosis?". The Orthodox Life. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
Gross, Jules (2003). The Divinization of the Christian According to the Greek Fathers. Translated by Onica, Paul A. Anaheim, California: A & C Press. ISBN 978-0-7363-1600-2.
Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti (2005). One with God: Salvation as Deification and Justification. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-2971-0.
Kangas, Ron (2002). "Becoming God" (PDF). Affirmation & Critique. 7 (2): 3–30. ISSN 1088-6923. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
——— (2002). "Creation, Satanification, Regeneration, Deification. Part 3: Regeneration for Deification, Regeneration as Deification" (PDF). Affirmation & Critique. 7 (2): 71–83. ISSN 1088-6923. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
Keating, Daniel A. (2007). Deification and Grace. Naples, Florida: Sapientia Press. ISBN 978-1-932589-37-5.
Mantzaridis, Georgios I. (1984). The Deification of Man: St Gregory Palmas and the Orthodox Tradition. Translated by Sherrard, Liadain. Crestwood, New York: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88141-027-3.
Marks, Ed (2002). "Deification by Participation in God's Divinity" (PDF). Affirmation & Critique. 7 (2): 47–54. ISSN 1088-6923. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
Marquart, Kurt E. (2000). "Luther and Theosis" (PDF). Concordia Theological Quarterly. 64 (3): 182–205. ISSN 0038-8610. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
Marshall, Bruce D. (2002). "Justification as Declaration and Deification". International Journal of Systematic Theology. 4 (1): 3–28. doi:10.1111/1463-1652.00070. ISSN 1468-2400.
Meconi, David Vincent (2013). The One Christ: St. Augustine's Theology of Deification. Washington: Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-2127-4.
Mosser, Carl (2002). "The Greatest Possible Blessing: Calvin and Deification". Scottish Journal of Theology. 55 (1): 36–57. doi:10.1017/S0036930602000133. ISSN 1475-3065. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
Nellas, Panayiotis (1987). Deification in Christ: Orthodox Perspectives on the Nature of the Human Person. Translated by Russell, Norman. Crestwood, New York: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88141-030-3.
Olson, Roger E. (2007). "Deification in Contemporary Theology". Theology Today. 64 (2): 186–200. doi:10.1177/004057360706400205. ISSN 2044-2556.
Pelikan, Jaroslav (1974). The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine. Volume 2: The Spirit of Eastern Christendom, 600–1700. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-65373-0.
Pester, John (2002). "The Gospel of the Promised Seed: Deification According to the Organic Pattern in Romans 8 and Philippians 2" (PDF). Affirmation & Critique. 7 (2): 55–69. ISSN 1088-6923. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
Robichaux, Kerry S. (1996). "'... That We Might Be Made God'" (PDF). Affirmation & Critique. 1 (3): 21–31. ISSN 1088-6923. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
——— (2002). "Can Human Beings Become God?" (PDF). Affirmation & Critique. 7 (2): 31–46. ISSN 1088-6923. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
Russell, Norman (1988). "'Partakers of the Divine Nature' (2 Peter 1:4) in the Byzantine Tradition". ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΡΙΑ: Essays Presented to Joan Hussey for Her 80th Birthday. Camberley, England: Porphyrogenitus. ISBN 978-1-871328-00-4. Retrieved 15 June 2018 – via Myriobiblos.
——— (2006). The Doctrine of Deification in the Greek Patristic Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199205974.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-920597-4.
Shuttleworth, Mark (2005). Theosis: Partaking of the Divine Nature. Ben Lomond, California: Conciliar Press. Retrieved 15 June 2018 – via Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America.
"Theosis". OrthodoxWiki. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
Christian salvation
Mortification
Recapitulation
Synergism
Related theology
Canonics
Patriology
Theocentricism
Son (Hypostatic union
Christocentric)
Angelic hierarchy
Lapsarianism
Incurvatus in se
Missiology
Polity (Congregational
Presbyterian)
Conciliarity
Summary of differences
Preterism
Millenarianism (Pre- / Post- / A-millennialism)
Adventism
Covenant / New Covenant theology
Millennialism
Soul sleep
War in Heaven
History of Christian theology
Calvinist–Arminian debate
Semipelagianism
Conciliarism
Counter-Reformation
Pietism
Great Awakenings
Biblical law
Liturgics
By tradition
Assumption of Mary
Traditionalism
Filioque
Josephology
Papal infallibility
Quartodecimanism
Real presence
Sacerdotalism
Veneration
Cataphatic theology
Essence–energies
Gnomic will
Phyletism
Proskynesis
Sobornost
Tabor Light
Miaphysitism
Monophysitism
Monoenergism
Monothelitism
Aphthartodocetism
Adiaphora
Believer's baptism
Protestant ecclesiology (Branch theory)
Priesthood of all believers
Anglo-Catholicism
Evangelical Catholic
High church
Latitudinarian
Low church
Wesleyan–Arminian
Conditional preservation of the saints
Imparted righteousness
Prevenient grace
Two kingdoms
Loci Theologici
Theology of the Cross
Confessional Lutheranism
Haugean
Lutheran orthodoxy
Lutheran scholasticism
Neo-Lutheranism
Reformed (Calvinist)
Free Grace
Five solae (Sola fide
Solus Christus)
Pentecostalist
Baptism with the Holy Spirit
Glossolalia
Anabaptism
Messianic Judaism
Prosperity theology
Restorationism
Outline of Christian theology
Christianity portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)&oldid=905334015"
Eastern Orthodox theology
Eastern Catholicism
Christian soteriology
Christian terminology
Heaven (Christianity)
Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text


The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that a company's royalty payments for the right to use certain trademarks could be currently deducted, reversing a Tax Court decision. Since the royalty payments were calculated using a percentage of sales, the Second Circuit held, the royalty cost was incurred only if inventory was sold; therefore capitalization of the cost was not required under the uniform capitalization (UNICAP) rules of IRC § 263A.
Robinson Knife Manufacturing Co. manufactured kitchen utensils that it sold under the Pyrex and Oneida names using trademark rights purchased from Corning Inc. and Oneida Ltd. Under the agreements, Robinson paid Corning and Oneida a percentage of the wholesale price of any utensils sold. The company deducted royalty payments totaling $3,925,667 on its 2003 and 2004 tax returns. The IRS determined that $412,713 of the royalty costs should have been capitalized as part of inventory and assessed deficiencies for both years. Robinson sought relief from the Tax Court. The court, however, held that the costs were properly allocable to the utensils, since "the royalties directly benefited and/or were incurred by reason of [Robinson's] production activities." Robinson appealed to the Second Circuit.


text:
Above the Gene, Beyond Biology: Toward a Philosophy of Epigenetics
1. How Epigenetics Deals with Biological Complexity
Jan Baedke
University of Pittsburgh Press
ONE HOW EPIGENETICS DEALS WITH BIOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY One can best feel in dealing with living things how primitive physics still is. ALBERT EINSTEIN, 1947 The word explanation occurs so continuously, and has so important a place in philosophy, that a little time spent in fixing the meaning of it will be profitably employed. JOHN STUART MILL, 1843 EXPLAINING COMPLEX LIVING SYSTEMS UNTIL RELATIVELY RECENTLY, JOHN Stuart Mill's call for dealing with scientific explanation was addressed by philosophers of science as well as scientists in a rather monistic way. Many were convinced that a phenomenon is explained only if some law covers it as a special case. Accordingly, philosophers usually focused on phenomena in the exact sciences or held 14 ◂ HOW EPIGENETICS DEALS WITH BIOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY the view that all scientific explanations can be reduced to a small number of laws or theories at a physical level. This view of scientific explanation has imposed an overstated criterion of how certain explanations do, in fact, explain, which has led some to describe biologists' scientific program as a technological application of basic laws of nature, similar to that of, for example, engineering (Smart 1959). However, due in no small part to the increasing success of molecular biologists in "decoding" the genome and the importance of their findings for humans, as well as the emergence of the field of philosophy of biology in the 1960s to 1970s, this view has gradually changed. 1 Two consequences have to be considered in this context. First, both the applicability of the so-called covering-law account of explanation in biology and the existence of biological laws have been called into question (see chap. 3). Second, new accounts of scientific explanations that fit the unique explanatory challenges in biology and the special sciences more generally have been (re)developed. In philosophy of biology, these new explanatory accounts draw on a long tradition of conceptualizing relationships in and between living systems (between structures of various size, from DNA to organisms, and of different strength), as well as analyzing the role with which they figure into explanation. For example, by revising the Aristotelian concept of teleology (Aristotle 1984, 195a23–24, 198b8–9), Ernst Mayr (1961) developed an idea of final cause that he considered to be explanatorily relevant exclusively for evolutionary biologists. In addition, it has been debated how the seemingly goal-directedness of living beings can be addressed properly by functional explanations (Lehman 1965; Wimsatt 1972). More recently, philosophers of science have focused on clarifying the nature of causal dependency relations at higher levels of organization. These dependencies are usually cited as explanantia in the special sciences in general and in biology in particular. Causal relations have been grounded in complex regularities, as argued by John Leslie Mackie (1974), or in counterfactual dependencies described in the form "if event c had not occurred, event e would not have occurred" (Lewis 1973, 2000). In addition, they have been also understood as relations of probabilistic relevance (Pearl 2000; Williamson 2009) and as relations involving manipulability (Woodward 2003). The latter of these has been highly influential in recent philosophy of science. This approach is exemplified by the so-called interventionist account of James Woodward, which integrates counterfactual and probabi- ▸ 15 HOW EPIGENETICS DEALS WITH BIOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY listic theories with the view that causes are (probabilistically) dependent on an intervention and are thus exploitable for purposes of control. In particular , interventionism has been invoked in philosophy of biology to specify causal relations and how they figure in causal explanation in a variety of research fields, ranging from molecular genetics to ecology (see chap. 3). Moreover, this theory has been used extensively to make sense of how biological mechanisms constitute a phenomenon and how mechanistic explanation functions in biology (see chap. 4). These more recent accounts of causal and mechanistic explanation have been in large part developed to address problems that arise due to the complexity of living systems investigated in biology. For example, models of these systems often include events with low probabilities. This means that there are dependencies in the living world—between genes, cells, organisms , and their environment—that only hold occasionally or even rarely. Are these dependencies causal? In order to answer such a question, we first have to understand what constitutes a living system's complexity. Complexity has been defined in various ways (see S. Lloyd 2001; Emmeche 1997; Holland 1998, 225–31; Mitchell 2003, 4–7; and Northrop 2010, 2–4). With respect to the issue at...
Related ISBN


When the InvisiYouth Charity team works with teens and young adults with chronic illnesses, there is one program that we knew had to be incorporated into the execution of our platform in a unique, InvisiYouth way: fun events.
Each year, InvisiYouth Charity provides fun, free events to youth around the United States and internationally all on the same day called the InvisiEvents: Multi-City Series.
These series of events, funded solely by donations and fiscal sponsors, brings together teens and young adults with all types of chronic illnesses and their friends in different cities to enjoy a day of fun activities, to meet new people in their cities and abroad through social media conversations, and to learn from one another about the uniqueness of the teen-illness experience.
We provide our events to give so many young people with illness a much-deserved day of fun outside of their health struggles, where they can connect with other InvisiYouth members around the world, and educate each other on ways to navigate between illness life and youth life. InvisiEvents are held every year on the same day in multiple cities with the help of amazing volunteer cohosts. We also encourage them to bring friends and siblings who do not have illness to create an environment of inclusion. This lets our youth learn from each other about teen life and expand the understanding to the general youth population about what teen illness can be like so misconceptions can shed.
With all of our social media hashtags like #InvisiEvents, our teens and young adults can communicate with our entire international community while they also get to do fun activities like baking classes, amusement parks, sporting events, lunches and more.


text:
February 17, 1986 Issue
A Night in the Garden
By Charles Dickinson
The New Yorker, February 17, 1986 P. 28
Moss, the captain of Picket Team D, arrived in the rain on the strike's 4th day for the 4-8 am shift. He had blisters from the first day of the strike. On that day the strikers had been enthusiastic. It was late Oct. and the weather was fine. By the 3rd day, they had been through one round of picket duty. No talks were scheduled between labor and management. TV news was losing interest. Moss was the only one there at 4am. He was 33, unmarried, and so far had enjoyed the time off. At 4:20, a woman named Royster arrived. They walked without talking. Around 7, more people came with excuses for being late. Strike pay of $100 was issued on the 9th day. Team D was beginning to fall apart, but Moss had perfect attendance. On the next early shift Royster came at 5. Her perfume was very strong. Moss was not sure he liked it, but said he did. It was called "A Night in the Garden.' In the 20th day the owner tried to cross the picket line. He was hit in the head by an egg. On the next 4-8 am shift Moss told Royster he knew she had thrown it. She said that the owner was so arrogant and insensitive that he made her angry. Later she borrowed $10 from Moss. She lived with her mother and had to buy groceries. She asked for money again on the 30th day. He could only give her $2. He had to tell his parents he could not visit at Christmas. He used part of the money he had saved for their presents for bills. He went shopping with the rest. He bought a bottle of perfume for Royster. He gave it to her on the 46th day. She was embarrassed. She said that for Christmas she was going to pretend to her mother that the strike was over. She said maybe she and Moss could go out for a drink sometime, and asked if he had ever told her his name.
Published in the print edition of the February 17, 1986, issue.
More:Love AffairsPerfumeStrikes
Get book recommendations, fiction, poetry, and dispatches from the world of literature in your in-box. Sign up for the Books & Fiction newsletter.