a new Communist statebut Lansdales arrival in Saigon on the eve of Diems official appointment was a signal that we intended to supervise the outcome. Kennedy was a Cold Warrior, but he was not locked into a Cold War mentality. Like Winston Churchill in World War II, he says, Johnson needed a war cabinet. The speech was entitled "Peace without Conquest it was delivered a month after the dispatch of the first ground troops, few months later the number of the American troops would start rise sharply.
De Gaulle and Nehru had reasons of their own for wanting the United. How, though, do you commemorate the Vietnam War, the era. Which first lied to them about the causes and nature of the war, then sent.
This weakness cost him the dream to stay along with Lincoln and Roosevelt in the pantheon of the greatest American presidents. The April 7th speech was well written and persuasive. Does not want to "shake the confidence" of its allies and so, it does not want to increase the unrest and instability. A sacred respect is due to the person of the sovereign, he claimed. This happened to be the theme of The Ugly American, by Eugene Burdick and William Lederer, which was published in 1958 and spent an astonishing seventy-eight weeks on the best-seller list. They could see the problem, but they could not solve. In the end of the Cold War Vietnam has opened its doors for the American companies and investments. Looking back, he writes: "I deeply regret that I did not force a probing debate about whether it would ever be possible to forge a winning military effort on a foundation of political quicksand. Some writers and historians have embraced President Ronald Reagans view that the war was a noble cause that might have been won. McNamara's departure from the Pentagon. I suspect that he really asked himself hard questions every night before fall asleep.
santodaime.eu 2018 - What is Causes the Tragedy in Vietnam?


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20 Best Electric Motorcycles for the Ultimate Joyride
BY Cailyn Cox
If you're passionate about motorcycles and care about sustainability, and prefer a zero-emissions engine instead of a gas-guzzler, electric motorcycles are for you. Several manufacturers are thinking about the future, and they have released bikes that are innovative and look super cool. Choosing an electric bike doesn't mean you have to sacrifice speed or performance; in fact, the Lightning LS-218 is among the fastest bikes ever built. Tried and tested brands like Harley-Davidson, Arc, and Vespa have also released impressive offerings bound to appeal to the motor-enthusiast. Whether you want to take to the open road for a joy ride or enjoy your daily commute, there are many perks to owning a battery-powered vehicle. If you need inspiration for your next bike, one of these options could be just what you've been looking for.
1. Harley-Davidson LiveWire
2. Arc Vector
3. Lightning LS-218
4. Zero SR
5. Energica Ego
6. Damon Hypersport Premier
7. Tarform
8. Johammer J1.200
9. TORP Bike
10. VERGE TS
11. Gogoro Smartscooter S2 ABS
12. Zero FXS
13. Evoke Urban S Mk20
14. Lightning Strike
15. Vespa Elettrica
16. CSC City Slicker
17. Gogoro Smartscooter S2 Adventure
18. Honda PCX ELECTRIC
19. Victory Empulse TT
20. Lito Sora Generation 2
What is the fastest electric motorcycle?
How far can an electric motorcycle go?
What companies make electric motorcycles?
Who makes the best electric motorcycle?
Which electric motorcycle has the longest range?
Harley-Davidson is an American company that has been celebrated for its designs for over 100 years — it was founded in 1903 — but perhaps their success is due, in part, to the fact that they are always thinking about the future. They are offering a new way to ride, with their electric option, the LiveWire. The first thing you'll notice is that this motorcycle looks cool, but with its instant acceleration, front and rear suspension, and aggressive riding position, it does a lot more than look the part. It also has impressive speed, going from 0 to 60mph in only 3 seconds! There are also three color options to choose from; yellow, orange, and black.
If you want an electric machine that stands out from the rest, Arc Vector certainly looks the part. It had a futuristic appearance, which is fitting since the technology is innovative. It comes with a fully integrated Human Machine Interface, and the bike is also personalized for every owner. With just a 40-minute charge time and an impressive range of 287 miles, this machine is advanced technologically but also functional. It is an extremely limited edition handcrafted in Britain, with just 399 units made, adding exclusivity.
If you're going to be purchasing a motorcycle built for speed, you don't get much better than the Lightning LS-218. The name is a giveaway as to what you can expect from this powerful machine, capable of reaching up to 215 mph. Plus, it offers powerful acceleration reaching 0 to 60 mph in 2.2 seconds. The company has marketed the Lightning LS-218 as the fastest bike in the world, gas or electric. This is a brand dedicated to bringing users bikes of the utmost quality and performance.
If you want a motorcycle that makes street riding look sporty, but is also fast and environmentally conscious, then you will be drawn to Zero SR. The sleek design allows for an aerodynamic riding posture, reaching top speeds of 223 miles in the city and 112 miles on the highway. A few specs to highlight include a one-hour charge time with a charge tank and the riding range in the town is around 89 miles, allowing you to get a fair bit of distance before having to stop and recharge.
Energica Ego has marketed itself as being the 'highest performing electric motorcycle in the world: for road, race, or in between,' and that's a pretty impressive statement to make. The Italian company brings us an electric option that we want to ride, offering bike lovers speed, a sporty design, power, and acceleration, all while considering the essential safety aspects. So, let's talk about specs; you can expect a top speed of 150 miles per hour and an acceleration from 0 to 60 mph in just 2.6 seconds! It is an excellent bike for urban commuters, but you can also enjoy a joy ride outside of the city if you wish. Let's be honest; you will want to take this motorcycle everywhere.
The Damon Hypersport Premier is already proving that it deserves a spot among the best electric motorcycles. As for what you can expect from this sporty bike? It is performance-driven, with 0 to 60 mph in less than 3 seconds. It can reach up to 200 miles per hour, which is seriously impressive, has a 2-year warranty, and has a 200-mile range on a single charge when combined with the city and highway. The fact that limited quantities are available also makes it more appealing because not everyone will be driving around town with one of these speed machines.
Tarform prides itself on creating a machine that is built with innovative, clean technology. It is the new era of motorcycling, and it's something that bike enthusiasts can be proud of. Highlights include reaching a speed of 0 to 60 mph in 3.8 seconds, and it charges from zero to 80 percent in just 50 minutes. Plus, it's easy to ride; you twist the throttle and go; no clutch of gearbox hassle!
One of the standout features of the Johammer J1.200 is undoubtedly its appearance. The sleek, futuristic design makes this bike stand out from the rest. It is appealing to an individual who wants a powerful, emission-free machine, but also one that sets itself apart, and the Austrian company behind its creation certainly delivers. You can expect innovative electric technology combined with an aesthetic that allows for synergy of weight, stability, and function. The range, which is 124 miles, is another selling point, as it requires you to stop and charge far less frequently compared to some of the other models on the market.
If you want a bike that is focused on off-road fun rather than your daily commute, then the TORP Bike will appeal to you. It has branded itself as the lightest and most agile dirt-bike on the market and has been driven by innovative technology and design. You can tackle various terrains with this model, but it is also focused on power, with the 15 kW motor and 300 N.m of torque at the back wheel. Safety and user experience are also top priorities, and this bike weighs less than 30kgs!
The VERGE TS is the impressive creation of the Finish manufacturer. Some of the highlights of this model include 80 kW of power and 1000 N.m of torque. It has a top speed of 110 mph and can reach 0 to 60mph in less than 4 seconds. The range is further than you get with many other bikes, with the battery pack allowing for between 124 and 186 mph of riding, depending on how and where you use it. Besides doing its job the way it should, this bike also looks cool, thanks to the lightweight, reinforced aluminum frame and bold coloring options.
If you want extreme torque — we are talking 213 N.m — then the Gogoro Smartscooter S2 ABS is the electric motorcycle for you. The bike can go from 0 to 31 mph in 3.8 seconds and prides itself on giving riders an 'electrifying trip every time' thanks to its performance and riding mechanics. The design has also considered safety aspects and incorporated a Bosch 10 anti-lock brake system, which monitors the front and rear wheel at a frequency of 200 times per second. This can prevent wheel lock.
The Zero FXS is described as a stealthy supermoto, which is every bit as awesome as it sounds. It offers precision handling, quick acceleration, and it is the perfect bike for the city streets. You can customize your bike to suit your needs by choosing the ZF3.6 or ZF7.2 specifications, the latter of which offers 100 miles city range, compared to the ZF3.6s 50 miles. The standard charge time and distance may differ, but the speed remains the same regardless of your choice. Expect to be zipping around town with a top speed of 85 miles per hour.
Evokes Urban S electric motorcycle was launched in 2020 and is a fantastic option for the individual who wants a stylish, economical, and environmentally aware ride. You can enjoy a refill in 3 hours with your onboard chargers and reach a top speed of 80 mph. That may not be the fastest Italian-styled electric bike on the market, but do you need more than that when you're riding in town? Another highlight is the precision braking, lack of clutch, and the 400cc of torque, all of which make for an unforgettable riding experience.
Lightning Motorcycles has continued to experiment, using their LS-218 Superbike as inspiration. They have taken the innovation and design from this bike and applied it to the all-new Strike. In many ways, these bikes are the same, or as the company states, they share clear design DNA. The appearance is almost identical, but the new version is more compact. It has a top speed of 135 mph, peak torque of 186 ft/lb drive unit, and a city range of 200 miles. The Strike has three battery sizes, depending on your preference. It has been engineered on the track but designed for urban use, and it is everything motor enthusiasts want it to be!
Vespa has long been celebrated as a company that makes excellent scooters, but now they've created their first eclectic option, and it's as stylish as you would expect. It is not the fastest bike on the market, but this is a company that has been tried and tested and will appeal to an individual who wants a brand they can trust. It's an excellent option for a leisure ride or if you're going to get to and from work. Plus, it is agile and easy to control, making for a simple yet comfortable ride.
The CSC City Slicker is an electric motorcycle that is opening up the zero-emissions market to everyone. What we mean by this is that it comes with a low price tag, making the dreams of having an e-bike more attainable. A few highlights of this design include a top speed of 46.6 miles per hour, a decent range depending on speed, and regenerative braking to help battery life. There is also a 12-month unlimited mileage warranty.
Gogoro Smartscooter S2 Adventure is similar to the S2, but it's been altered slightly to suit those who want to venture on the open road. The model has been described as the toughest and sportiest version yet, but they've also expanded the rack, so you're able to carry more gear on your travels. Other highlights include a specially designed suspension, which is higher and can increase the shock-absorption if you head onto uneven terrain. There are also waterproof travel panniers and a floor mat with anti-slip strips. What more could you want?!
Honda made its intention to create an electric range known in 2018, with PCX Electric. In addition to the innovative technology, you can also expect a comfortable riding position and a bike that is easy to handle. There is a SMART key system. Plus, a travel distance on a single charge of around 37 mph. It's an excellent choice for everyday urban use.
The Victory Empulse TT delivers much more than a cool name and impressive appearance; it has a range of 60 miles, depending on speed and use, a top speed of around 110 mph, and a powerful battery. The Brammo Lithium-ion battery has a 10.4 kWh capacity and takes just four hours to charge. It has been on the market for a few years now, having been first released in 2016. Still, it remains relevant and a great purchase for someone who wants an everyday bike for daily commutes but is also passionate about sustainability.
The Canadian company, LITO motorcycles, decided to celebrate their 10th year in business by creating an electric bike that you want to own. When they released Sora Generation 2, people took notice. It is performance-driven and innovative, plus it's sporty and incredibly cool to look at. Generation 2 has a powerful battery, can reach 0 to 60 mph in only 3 seconds, and is crafted using lightweight carbon fiber parts for optimal performance. Additionally, it has won a Red Dot Award for its design.
The fastest electric bike on the market is the Lightning LS-218. As the name suggests, this motorcycle is all about speed, reaching up to 215mph. Plus, it offers powerful acceleration reaching 0 - 60 mph in 2.2 seconds.
The range of an electric motorcycle depends on several factors; your driving style, whether you are riding in the city or on the highway, and the size of the battery pack. Other things to consider include the rider weight and terrain. Bikes like the Damon Hypersport Premier have up to a 200-mile range on a single charge, while the Brutus V9 can go up to 280 miles.
Many companies have shifted their focus to electric motorcycles. These include tried and trusted brands such as Arc, Vespa, and Harley-Davidson. Other notable manufactures are Lightning, Zero, Lito Sora, and Gogoro.
To determine who makes the best electric motorcycle is really up to the user. What do you want from a battery-powered bike? Is it speed and agility? Is it the range or power? These are factors that you have to consider. Some of the companies mentioned above and their bike models are among the best on the market.
The Brutus V9 is considered to be the electric motorcycle with the longest range. The bike can go up to 280 miles on a single charge.
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Background: I have always enjoyed writine network protocol code (for some strange reason, but I also like assembly programming), and SOAP has been a treat to work with. While not what a traditional network protocol programmer would write (gotta be assembly for speed), SOAP is clearly a technology to be reckoned with. Learn XML and SOAP. Know XML and SOAP. With high-bandwidth pipes becoming commonplace (cable modems and DSL, for example), Internet-based services and applications will become much more common. Get ready.
Since my recent article regarding SOAP, we've seen many implementations of the SOAP protocol arrive. DevelopMentor provided the first Perl and Java implementations, and Microsoft and Sun soon followed with implementations specific to their platforms. And although I'm not a corporate player, I was fortunate enough to join the fray with the COM interception/delegation architecture from the book Understanding SOAP (Sam's, ISBN 0672319225), some of the code from which I'll reuse in this article.
If you're one of those Microsoft technology consumers that is happy to incorporate the latest from Redmond into your work, I highly recommend you consider the Web Services Toolkit and even the .NET architecture as a whole. But that's another article.
This article is for the developer who not only wants to use the latest technology but also wants to know how it ticks...how it makes the magic happen. In this article you'll not be using an off-the-shelf SOAP processing architecture. Instead, you'll see how to create a rudimentary system from the ground up. If that sounds interesting to you then definitely read on. You might be surprised how easy it is to do, which is the beauty of all good magic.
Many people find the 'O' in "SOAP" confusing, because SOAP isn't about objects in the object-oriented sense. As a communications protocol it is far too basic for that. Instead, SOAP was designed to be a Remote Procedure Call (RPC) protocol, which is to say you use SOAP to convey a single remote method call. If the method call happens to come from a C++ or Java object, so much the better, but SOAP will be completely unaware of the object itself. From SOAP's viewpoint, that sort of higher-level information should be contained within the architecture that implements the SOAP protocol, if object-based computing is desired. This is very much like the DCE RPC protocol, which is the low-level protocol used by DCOM. DCOM manages the object-based aspects of the architecture, while DCE RPC handles the communications work. SOAP is analogous to DCE RPC, and you (or one of those corporate players I mentioned) must provide the DCOM aspects of the architecture.
The result of this is you needn't implement a grandiose system to implement a basic SOAP server. The only requirements you must meet are to accept and submit HTTP (or other protocol) packets, be able to interpret XML data, and to follow the SOAP specification when you create and interpret the SOAP data. There are a great number of Web servers available, so finding a good HTTP communications package isn't too difficult. Here, I'll use Microsoft's Internet Information Server, but I could have just as easily used Apache or WebSphere, or even rolled my own using socket programming techniques. Processing XML documents is a snap today because there are inexpensive, even free, XML parsers available. Once again I'll use the Microsoft DOM parser, but I could have chosen to use a SAX parser, Xerces, or simply interpreted the XML textual data myself. As for following the SOAP specification, I decided to wrap most of that functionality into a set of reusable C++ classes that together form a SOAP object model. I'll discuss these in the next section.
Therefore, the SOAP processing architecture I implemented for this article involves a SOAP server, written as an ISAPI extension, and a SOAP client, which I created using MFC (Figure 1). After all, this is for Visual C++ developers! In my opinion it would be more appropriate to roll client-side SOAP work into a COM object, but I wanted to keep the support code at a minimum. With COM, I would have to create an ATL-based COM server and plumb the SOAP calls into COM methods. While this isn't too difficult, I found exposing the SOAP mechanics as pure C++ methods reduced the code you would have to wade through to get to the good stuff (the SOAP code itself). If you share my opinion regarding client-side SOAP, feel free to play with the code you see here and roll it into your own COM object(s). Note that this doesn't mean I didn't use COM! Both the XML parser and the HTTP communications objects are COM-based.
When I first started working with SOAP, I either used the XML parser directly to create the SOAP payload, or I simply wrote the XML-tagged information to a text buffer and shipped that. Both methods worked, and each has their place, but it was clear to me that what I really needed was a set of SOAP objects that closely matched the SOAP processing model. That is, it would be nice to have a SOAP envelope object that automatically created a body object, and that would, on demand, create a header object. I could build into the envelope object the namespace intelligence SOAP requires that is not fully supported by the contemporary crop of XML parsers. I could even relinquish some of the SOAP details to a set of SOAP objects and allow them to format the SOAP document. That way, I don't need to keep re-writing the same code over and over again.
I further decided that I would want to have these objects be portable to any system, just in case I wanted to write SOAP code for other platforms. Given the wide availability of the Standard Template Library (STL) and easy access to C++ compilers on other systems, I elected to write a set of C++ based SOAP objects that use the STL as containers for various pieces of SOAP information. For example, child elements are kept in an STL vector. The data itself would be streamed to a C++ stream on demand, and that, in turn, could be converted into almost anything--text files, IStream data, or even STL strings if necessary. Using the built-in C++ support and the STL keeps things generic.
I won't describe the mechanics of the objects in detail here due to space constraints. I do describe them in some detail in Understanding SOAP, and if there is interest, I'll describe them in more detail in a future issue of Visual C++ Developer. Even so, there are some aspects of the objects I do need to cover because you'll see the objects in use when I discuss the ISAPI extension and MFC client.
Figure 2 provides you with the SOAP object hierarchy. Each object exposes public methods that allow you to work with some aspect of the SOAP specification. CSOAPElement, for example, is the base class for several derived objects, to ultimately include the envelope, the header, and the body. The higher-order objects derive much of their functionality from either their base class or other aggregated SOAP objects. Returning to CSOAPElement, as an example, you can see from Figure 2 that it contains an instance of CSOAPElementNamespace and CSOAPElementAttributes.
The main SOAP object is CSOAPHttpPacket, which contains both the HTTP headers and the XML payload for a given SOAP request/response. This is also the only object you need to explicitly create. All of the other objects will be created for you, upon request, and so long as you remember to destroy the instance of CSOAPHttpPacket all of the resources will be reclaimed (memory and so on).
With an instance of CSOAPHttpPacket comes an instance of CSOAPEnvelope and CSOAPBody. You gain access to these objects using CSOAPHttpPacket::GetEnvelope() and CSOAPEnvelope::GetBody() respectively. The SOAP header isn't automatically created for you, as it is optional. However, if you do want to work with the header, calling CSOAPEnvelope::GetHeader() will create the header object and return a pointer to you.
Given a pointer to the header or the body, you create independent elements using CSOAPScopingElement::InsertElement(). The concept of a scoping element went out with SOAP 1.0, but I felt it still had a place in my object model, so the envelope, header, and body all derive from the scoping element. Independent elements, in turn, can contain embedded elements, and you create them using CSOAPIndElement::InsertElement().
To some degree the objects dictate the form of the SOAP XML payload, but for the most part you are free to insert independent and embedded elements as required to support the given method invocation. The objects themselves really act more like a container than a rigid object model, and you're free to tailor the contents of the container to suit your needs.
Note that namespaces and attributes are also supported. The objects were written to support SOAP 1.1, so the SOAP 1.1 namespaces and standard attributes are easily inserted into your SOAP packet using CSOAPElementNamespace::EnableStdNamespace() and CSOAPElementAttributes::EnableStdAttribute(). If you have additional namespaces and attributes, you can insert those as well. When you insert custom namespaces, the namespace object will provide you with a cookie that you use to identify the namespace when using it with child elements.
When it's time to extract the SOAP XML-based contents from the objects, you call CSOAPHttpPacket::WriteToStream() and provide an instance of std::ostrstream that will contain the textual (XML) representation of the SOAP information. Given this stream you can put the information nearly anywhere--to a string or file, to an instance of an XML parser, or directly to the Internet if you elect to stream the HTTP header along with the XML data. I'll provide example code for many of the object model operations I described here when I discuss the server and client code.
If you reflect back to the early days of the Internet, perhaps 8 years ago, the initial crop of Web servers supported server-side customization only through the Common Gateway Interface, or CGI. The purpose of the CGI was for remote clients to be able to invoke server-side operations through a standard mechanism. Typically at this time in history, the specific CGI operations were implemented by Perl scripts and could become quite complicated.
When Microsoft joined the Internet boom and brought forth IIS, they provided a new mechanism for invoking server-side code. This mechanism was called Internet Server Application Programming Interface, or ISAPI. The ISAPI extension takes the form of a DLL that contains three well-known callback functions: GetExtensionVersion(); HttpExtensionProc(); and TerminateExtension(). The extension is designed to add processing capability to IIS, so it probably isn't too surprising to find IIS consumes the DLL and calls the callback functions at specific times when the extension's URL is accessed.
For our purposes, the truly interesting callback function is HttpExtensionProc(). GetExtensionVersion() and TerminateExtension() are used to register your ISAPI extension and terminate it respectively. These callbacks are management functions, and the code required to support them is relatively straightforward, albeit somewhat dependent upon the version of IIS you happen to be using. My code is designed for IIS 5.0 on Windows 2000, although it should work with IIS 4.0 on Windows NT 4.0 SP5.
HttpExtensionProc(), however, is called whenever IIS receives an HTTP packet destined for your extention's URL. This DLL method is where you insert code that processes the contents of the URL (a common way to pass argument data in traditional Internet programming paradigms) and/or the contents of the packet. Your implementation of this callback function will be provided a smorgasbord of information regarding the HTTP request. The information is rolled into a complex structure known as the EXTENSION_CONTROL_BLOCK. There is a lot of functionality built into the EXTENSION_CONTROL_BLOCK structure, and if you're interested in Internet-based programming and ISAPI in particular, I recommend locating a good tutorial and reference book on the subject. As it happens, for the purposes of the SOAP server I describe here relatively little of the functionality is required so I won't explain all of its features in this article.
What will be most important here is the HTTP method, stored in lpszMethod (GET, POST, and so on), and a pointer to the IIS function WriteClient(), which you'll use to send your SOAP response packet to the originating client. Access to WriteClient() is clearly important as that's how you send the result information back, but the HTTP method may not be so at first glance. The reason you're interested in the HTTP method is simply that SOAP calls are by definition POST operations (or possibly MPOST, but POST is preferred according to the specification). In some cases your SOAP server might patently fail an HTTP GET request. But in the particular case of the SOAP server I'll present I assume the HTTP GET came from a Web Browser. In this case I instead send a textual note to the client rather than fail the request or attempt to (incorrectly) process a bogus SOAP call.
Note: The code presented here is demonstrational. For low-throughput systems it should suffice, but for more profesional applications I'd do things differently (and have). This design is relatively flat, and I'd put very much more into COM objects. I'd also disable Nagling. I did things as I did here to emphasize the SOAP coding aspects rather than every possible design consideration when using ISAPI (although I refuse to use the buggy MFC ISAPI classes!).
Essentially, you request a time hack from the remote server. The simplification is that the method has no input parameters, although it does return a single string value that represents the time (it will be encoded according to the XML specification, as you'll see). This makes the SOAP encoding a bit easier to deal with for an initial implementation. If you do want to extend the code to handle more complex methods, the technique I use to extract the returned string on the client can also be used to extract input parameters (on the server) or additional output values (on the client).
The ISAPI extension code to decipher this SOAP packet is shown in Listing 1.
// return a (hardcoded) SOAP fault from here.
// parts for later formatting into a fault packet.
"<faultstring>Call your broker and dump all EnduraSoft stock immediately</faultstring>"
If the incoming HTTP method was GET, the extension returns a textual message and quits. If the HTTP method was a POST, however, the SOAP processor continues by initializing the COM runtime and creating an instance of the Microsoft XML DOM parser. Now the truly interesting SOAP work begins.
The reason for this is that eventually we'll want to check the method prescribed in the SOAPAction header against what we find in the XML payload. So after some string manipulation, we create an instance of an object I call the "activator". The activator handles the meat of the specific SOAP method request--in this manner I can keep the same basic ISAPI framework and insert a specific activator object for a given method call.
From Listing 1 you can also see I do some basic error handling using try/catch blocks. I always try to return some SOAP packet to the client if at all possible, so if I know the error, I construct a SOAP fault packet. If something catastrophic happened, I return a hard-coded fault packet.
Note that in any case I'm returning a valid HTTP response. That isn't to say the SOAP response is or is not a fault packet. There is a debate between two factions in the SOAP community today regarding the return of SOAP fault packets. One camp claims that even if the SOAP processor returns a fault, the HTTP plumbing should return a valid HTTP response code ("200 OK"). This tells the client the error was with SOAP and not the communication of the SOAP data. The other camp claims that SOAP faults should always be encoded in an error HTTP response ("500 Server Error"). I prefer the first construct and have coded things accordingly. Over time this detail, as well as others, should be ironed out with the release of updated SOAP specifications. With any luck, my prediction will come true and I won't have to change my code!
The difference between the request packet and the response packet is the method name has the string Response concatenated and the response element has a child element <return /> that contains the returned time string (which I'll discuss in a moment).
The GetRemoteTime() activator method that produces this SOAP packet is wrapped in CActivator::Invoke(), as you see in Listing 2.
// request and generate an XML response from the result.
// Construct search string "SOAP-ENV:Envelope/SOAP-ENV:Body"
// header should match what's in the XML payload.
// Check for supported method name "GetRemoteTime"
The format is year-month-day for date information and hours:minutes:seconds for time. The date and time are separated by the literal T, and any bias trails the time. The bias, which is minus 5 hours in this case, is the difference between the time indicated (2:05 in the afternoon) and UTC (Universal Coordinated Time, formerly known as Greenwich Mean Time). If there is no bias, you must assume the time indicated is UTC time. In this case, the example time string you see here tells you it is February 1, 2000 at 2:05pm Eastern.
The SOAP activator object also has two helper functions I use to create SOAP packets. CreateResponse() builds a SOAP response packet while CreateFault() builds a fault packet for return to the client. I've shown the code for CreateResponse() in Listing 3. CreateFault() is similar even if it does create a very different SOAP packet.
Here, we request a pointer to the body object from the envelope object and insert a newly-created independent element that will represent the method response. This independent element will contain the return value and any parameter data to be returned to the caller (traditionally known as out data). GetRemoteTime() has no out parameters but does return a string value representing the time.
The resulting time string is itself stuffed into the <return /> SOAP XML element, which is itself encapsulated in the method response element, as you saw previously.
The reason I load the SOAP XML data into the parser rather than return it directly as a BSTR or an STL string is that the parser serves as a final check to be sure the XML data is well-formed. If the XML data isn't well-formed the parser will refuse to load the information. The "out of memory" assumption is a gross one, given that the XML could be mal-formed, but the result of this is the client is informed the server sustained an error, even if the root of the error may be imprecise. The fact the client is informed there was an error at all is what was most important to me in this case. Even so, you could bolster the error handling here by obtaining the XML parser's error object and cracking it to see more precisely what went wrong.
You may wonder what CreateFault() is there to do given the existence of the CreateResponse() function. CreateResponse() will build a SOAP packet with valid response information. CreateFault(), on the other hand, is specifically used to create SOAP fault packets. I use CreateFault() where I need to return errors to the client. But since the code for CreateFault() is similar to CreateResponse(), I won't examine it in detail here.
All but the last line merely retrieve the XML data and perform some rudimentary checks. The last line, however, passes the XML data back to the client. At this point you've delegated the return of the resulting SOAP information to IIS, which passes it back to the client.
Before I move to the client code, I should briefly describe how you install and test an ISAPI extension. The reason this is a bit more involved than a simple application is that ISAPI extensions are DLLs that reside in IIS's address space. Therefore, you have to debug through IIS. Visual Studio gives you this capability, as you'll see, but you need to make sure things are set up correctly.
To install your ISAPI extension, you must create a virtual directory from within the IIS administration tool Internet Information Services. I called my virtual directory VCDSoap. The naming conventions are the same as for actual directories. This next sentence is very important! When you create the virtual directory, be sure to indicate the security permissions should be such that external clients can invoke and execute scripts and that you want low application protection (you don't want the DLL run in a separate process but under IIS itself). Copy the ISAPI extension DLL to the actual directory that is associated with the virtual directory. Your extension is now installed.
To debug the extension, you must do two things in addition to compiling it as debug-enabled code. First, you must force IIS to load the extension DLL into memory. If you don't, you can't set breakpoints. To do this, navigate to the extension's URL using your Web browser. You may have noted I had code in place in my extension that responded to an HTTP GET method by providing a short textual message. This isn't required, but at least I know the extension is truly loaded and responding. With the DLL in memory, you must then use Visual Studio to invoke the remote process debugger.
To do this, bring up a copy of Visual Studio and select Start Debug from the Build menu item. This will bring up a dialog box with a list control that contains all of the processes currently active on your computer. Since IIS is a system process, you must check the checkbox for system processes and then look for inetinfo (IIS' process name). Double-click this and Visual Studio will begin debugging through IIS.
Now, load a copy of your extension's source code file(s) into Visual Studio and set a breakpoint. Assuming all went well, you should now be able to run a client application and have the breakpoint trip when IIS executes to that point. From there, you single-step or otherwise debug the extension code in the normal manner.
If you decide to make changes to the extension and try again, simply copy the new DLL over the existing DLL IIS was using. If for some reason you can't overwrite the file (it was marked as busy by the system), then you'll need to log out or even reboot and then copy the file. This part is a hassle, but it's still worth it to be able to debug your extension DLLs.
Now that you've seen the server-side SOAP code, you'll note the client-side code isn't very different. I created the MFC-based client you see in Figure 3. The client application is typical MFC-based user-interface code. You can make a single request, or you can alternatively poll the server for the time in 250ms intervals. Note the edit control contains the URL of the server's ISAPI extension, so be sure to type in the correct URL or you'll receive an error (typically "server not found").
There is a helper function in the MFC code that is interesting to look into. The reason for this is two-fold. First, IIS managed all of the server-side communication for us. We have to tackle that ourselves from the client. And second, we need to extract the returned time string from the SOAP data and reformat it for display or we need to process a fault. The helper function I use to do this is called MakeRequest() and is found in the VCDSoapClientDlg.cpp file, a listing of which you see in Listing 4.
The trick is to create a search string that contains the XML node's name and look for the node. If we find the node, we retrieve its typed value (which will always be a string because SOAP returns data as XML text) and convert the time information we find there. The resulting time string is then handed to the dialog box and displayed. Fault processing isn't vastly different, although I do present the error in the form of a message box.
SendReceive() is interesting because it is here you actually submit the request to the server and await the response. This implementation blocks while you wait for the response, but it need not be so (the XML parser can be invoked as a free-threaded COM object, in which case you can spawn a thread to manage the communications for you). The secret here is to use the HTTP object that ships with the XML parser. It makes your HTTP work on the client-side very easy.
// ship the SOAP document to the remote host.
// Check the status code for "200"
Keep in mind that the SOAP specification isn't clear regarding the use of the HTTP 200 response and a SOAP fault. While I believe this is the most appropriate implementation, the authors of the SOAP specification may provide further guidance and tell us that a SOAP fault is expected to be returned in a 500-level HTTP error packet.
With the resulting SOAP XML document returned to the client for processing, you have seen a complete implementation of a SOAP processing architecture, from client to server and back again to the client. Hopefully you'll find some of this code interesting and reusable in your own applications should you elect to implement the SOAP functionality yourself (versus choosing an off-the-shelf implementation). In any case, even if you do use a third party SOAP processor, hopefully you have a deeper appreciation for how the SOAP processor works and what must take place for successful SOAP remote method calls to transpire.
Comments? Questions? Find a bug? Please send me a note!


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More Art And Architecture (1733)
Books > Art and Architecture > Painting > Pahari Paintings of The Nala-Damayanti Theme
Pahari Paintings of The Nala-Damayanti Theme
by Dr. Karan Singh
Ever since the dawn of civilization India has been a major focus of artistic creativity, and down through the ages we have produced some of the greatest works of art known to man. A special feature has been that each region of India at one time or the other, and in one or other of the plastic or performing arts, has made contributions that have enriched the total fabric of Indian art. This fascinating, even bewildering, diversity has been a major feature throughout Indian history, and has greatly enriched the contribution that India has made to world culture. Not only has our artistic expression varied from period to period along the time scale, but within the same historical period different regions have excelled in one or other form of artistic expression. The total impact of the entire process puts India in the first rank of nations who have evoked and concertized the innate human urge for artistic expression in a sustained manner.
The paintings reproduced in this beautiful volume were created in the second half of the 18th century in the Dogra-Pahari region of North India, mainly in what is now Himachal Pradesh. Apart from their martial qualities and rich folklore, the several schools of Pahari art have been a major contribution of the Dogra-Pahari people to the grand mosaic of Indian culture. Professor B. N. Goswamy has with great competence traced the historical and geographical background in which these paintings were produced. I would only add that they combine the beauty and freshness of the mountains with the rare delicacy and grace of the people living in that area.
The quest for beauty and perfection has been one of the earliest signs of civilized man. When, after millions of years of evolution, man was able finally to overcome the basic problem of survival, some mysterious factor within impelled him towards the quest for perfection. Very often this took the form of religious and mystical practices, and indeed a large proportion of art has traditionally been associated in one way or the other with religion. This has been particularly true of India where great religions-Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Islam-have all contributed towards artistic achievement. However, although the basic motivation may be religious, the artist in India has often treated many entirely secular themes within his broader context. The present set of paintings are a remarkable example of the way in which a theme from a great religious classic the Mahabharata as treated in Sriharsa's Naisadhacarita, has been represented in a largely secular setting. Nala and Damayanti in these paintings emerge as archetypal lovers in a story full of romance and intrigue, mystery and magic. In the hands of these anonymous artists of two centuries ago the personages and events of the Nala-Damayanti story take on a new significance. Here we see not only the lovers themselves but a large number of individual people portrayed with great feeling, and one wonders whether the artists took for their models actual people living at the time in the courts of the many hill kingdoms. There are also a number of other creatures- elephants and peacocks, deer and domesticated birds-portrayed with an intensity which is quite startling. The whole effect is to transport one into a fascinating miniature world with its own aura and ethos.
The story of how these paintings came into my possession has its own interest. Back in the mid-fifties, when I was Sadr-i-Riyasat of Jammu and Kashmir, I received a message from Pandit Kunjlal Vaid who lived in Basohli, itself the seat of a former hill kingdom and of one of the major schools of Pahari painting which bears its name. The message said that the Pandit was anxious to see me, but could not undertake the journey to Jammu due to his advanced age and failing health. He, therefore, requested me to visit Basohli as early as possible in order to meet him. I was at Kashmir when I got the message, and the subsequent winter when the Government had moved down to Jammu I decided to visit Basohli. I had been there only once earlier as a boy with my father, and had no clear recollection of the place. I arranged the visit, and while I was in the Dak Bungalow Pandit Kunjlal called upon me. Although his health was advanced-he must have been over 80 at the time-his eyes were keen and his speech clear. He met me with great affection and, to my surprise, placed before me a parcel wrapped in a large square handkerchief. He undid the cloth and, one by one, showed me the exquisite paintings with loving care. He said that many foreigners had come to him wanting to buy the collection but he had not agreed to part with it. Now that he was old and had no children, he would like to present the paintings to me. As he put it in Dogri, "these paintings came from the Royal Palace, and it is there that I wish them to return."
I was overwhelmed by his gesture, and deeply moved by the sentiments behind it. I remonstrated with him and said that I could not possibly accept a gift of this nature unless he was prepared to take an adequate price in return. At that his eyes filled with tears. He said that for many generations his family had been deriving sustenance from mine, and that he would under no circumstances accept any payment or remuneration. This put me in somewhat of a quandary. On the one hand I was reluctant to accept the paintings as a present, but on the other I realized that these were a valuable national heritage and that if I did not take them they may well be lost as soon as the Pandit passed away. I decided to accept them. He was overjoyed, asked me to keep them carefully and look at them on hot summer days when they would "cool the heart". Later that year I happened to go South and purchased a sandalwood and ivory walking stick which I sent to the Pandit. It was the only present that he ever accepted from me; a few months later he passed away.
The 47 paintings of the Nala-Damayanti series which are illustrated in this volume brought out by the National Museum form an important part of the Amar Mahal Museum and Library that my wife and I have set up in Jammu. This institution also houses a family portrait gallery, a gallery of modern art, a memorabilia section on my mother, and my own library that I have built up over the last 20 years including a few books that I was able to salvage from those belonging to my father and grandfather. It is my considered view that such collections should not in this day and age remain simply confined to a few individuals. They are a part of our national heritage, and should be made available to a wider public. It is with this in mind that we decided to convert the picturesque building known as Amar Mahal in Jammu, with its magnificent location overlooking the Tawi River and the great triple-peaked mountain of Vaishno Devi, into an institution which would be of value not only to Jammu but to the entire nation. This will be open to scholars and to the general public, including the large number of tourists who visit Jammu or pass through it to the valley. In due course it is our hope that this Institution, sponsored by the Hari-Tara charitable Trust that we have created in memory of my parents, will grow in scope and cover a number of scholarly and research activities in the academic and cultural fields. The very first hall displays the Nala-Damayanti series, and I like to feel that the words and the vision of Pandit Kunjlal Vaid have thus been fulfilled. The paintings have come back into the Palace, and the Palace in turn has gone back to the people.
Foreword by Dr. Karan Singh vii
Acknowledgements xi
Text Illustrations xi
Essay and Notes by Dr. B. N. Goswamy iff.
Colour Plates with Notes 62
Monochrome Plates 114
Concordance 137
Sanskrit Text with translations 138
Select Bibliography 155
NAF987
National Museum, New Delhi
10.0 inch X 13.5 inc
170 (Throughout Color Illustrations)
Weight of the Book: 1.695 kg
Viewed 9553 times since 27th Jun, 2018
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A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences. While many perform the same or similar biological roles, some isoforms have unique functions. A set of protein isoforms may be formed from alternative splicings, variable promoter usage, or other post-transcriptional modifications of a single gene; post-translational modifications are generally not considered. (For that, see Proteoforms.) Through RNA splicing mechanisms, mRNA has the ability to select different protein-coding segments (exons) of a gene, or even different parts of exons from RNA to form different mRNA sequences. Each unique sequence produces a specific form of a protein.

The discovery of isoforms could explain the discrepancy between the small number of protein coding regions genes revealed by the human genome project and the large diversity of proteins seen in an organism: different proteins encoded by the same gene could increase the diversity of the proteome. Isoforms at the RNA level are readily characterized by cDNA transcript studies. Many human genes possess confirmed alternative splicing isoforms. It has been estimated that ~100,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) can be identified in humans. Isoforms at the protein level can manifest in the deletion of whole domains or shorter loops, usually located on the surface of the protein.

Definition
One single gene has the ability to produce multiple proteins that differ both in structure and composition; this process is regulated by the alternative splicing of mRNA, though it is not clear to what extent such a process affects the diversity of the human proteome, as the abundance of mRNA transcript isoforms does not necessarily correlate with the abundance of protein isoforms. Three-dimensional protein structure comparisons can be used to help determine which, if any, isoforms represent functional protein products, and the structure of most isoforms in the human proteome has been predicted by AlphaFold and publicly released at isoform.io.  The specificity of translated isoforms is derived by the protein's structure/function, as well as the cell type and developmental stage during which they are produced. Determining specificity becomes more complicated when a protein has multiple subunits and each subunit has multiple isoforms.

For example, the 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme, which performs different roles in human cells, has 3 subunits:
 α, catalytic domain, has two isoforms: α1 and α2 which are encoded from PRKAA1 and PRKAA2
 β, regulatory domain, has two isoforms: β1 and β2 which are encoded from PRKAB1 and PRKAB2
 γ, regulatory domain, has three isoforms: γ1, γ2, and γ3 which are encoded from PRKAG1, PRKAG2, and PRKAG3
In human skeletal muscle, the preferred form is α2β2γ1. But in the human liver, the most abundant form is α1β2γ1.

Mechanism

The primary mechanisms that produce protein isoforms are alternative splicing and variable promoter usage, though modifications due to genetic changes, such as mutations and polymorphisms are sometimes also considered distinct isoforms.

Alternative splicing is the main post-transcriptional modification process that produces mRNA transcript isoforms, and is a major molecular mechanism that may contribute to protein diversity. The spliceosome, a large ribonucleoprotein, is the molecular machine inside the nucleus responsible for RNA cleavage and ligation, removing non-protein coding segments (introns).

Because splicing is a process that occurs between transcription and translation, its primary effects have mainly been studied through genomics techniques—for example, microarray analyses and RNA sequencing have been used to identify alternatively spliced transcripts and measure their abundances. Transcript abundance is often used as a proxy for the abundance of protein isoforms, though proteomics experiments using gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry have demonstrated that the correlation between transcript and protein counts is often low, and that one protein isoform is usually dominant. One 2015 study states that the cause of this discrepancy likely occurs after translation, though the mechanism is essentially unknown. Consequently, although alternative splicing has been implicated as an important link between variation and disease, there is no conclusive evidence that it acts primarily by producing novel protein isoforms.

Alternative splicing generally describes a tightly regulated process in which alternative transcripts are intentionally generated by the splicing machinery. However, such transcripts are also produced by splicing errors in a process called "noisy splicing," and are also potentially translated into protein isoforms. Although ~95% of multi-exonic genes are thought to be alternatively spliced, one study on noisy splicing observed that most of the different low-abundance transcripts are noise, and predicts that most alternative transcript and protein isoforms present in a cell are not functionally relevant.

Other transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory steps can also produce different protein isoforms. Variable promoter usage occurs when the transcriptional machinery of a cell (RNA polymerase, transcription factors, and other enzymes) begin transcription at different promoters—the region of DNA near a gene that serves as an initial binding site—resulting in slightly modified transcripts and protein isoforms.

Characteristics
Generally, one protein isoform is labeled as the canonical sequence based on criteria such as its prevalence and similarity to orthologous—or functionally analogous—sequences in other species. Isoforms are assumed to have similar functional properties, as most have similar sequences, and share some to most exons with the canonical sequence. However, some isoforms show much greater divergence (for example, through trans-splicing), and can share few to no exons with the canonical sequence. In addition, they can have different biological effects—for example, in an extreme case, the function of one isoform can promote cell survival, while another promotes cell death—or can have similar basic functions but differ in their sub-cellular localization. A 2016 study, however, functionally characterized all the isoforms of 1,492 genes and determined that most isoforms behave as "functional alloforms." The authors came to the conclusion that isoforms behave like distinct proteins after observing that the functional of most isoforms did not overlap. Because the study was conducted on cells in vitro, it is not known if the isoforms in the expressed human proteome share these characteristics. Additionally, because the function of each isoform must generally be determined separately, most identified and predicted isoforms still have unknown functions.

Related Concept

Glycoform

A glycoform is an isoform of a protein that differs only with respect to the number or type of attached glycan. Glycoproteins often consist of a number of different glycoforms, with alterations in the attached saccharide or oligosaccharide. These modifications may result from differences in biosynthesis during the process of glycosylation, or due to the action of glycosidases or glycosyltransferases. Glycoforms may be detected through detailed chemical analysis of separated glycoforms, but more conveniently detected through differential reaction with lectins, as in lectin affinity chromatography and lectin affinity electrophoresis. Typical examples of glycoproteins consisting of glycoforms are the blood proteins as orosomucoid, antitrypsin, and haptoglobin. An unusual glycoform variation is seen in neuronal cell adhesion molecule, NCAM involving polysialic acids, PSA.

Examples

 G-actin: despite its conserved nature, it has a varying number of isoforms (at least six in mammals).
 Creatine kinase, the presence of which in the blood can be used as an aid in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, exists in 3 isoforms.
 Hyaluronan synthase, the enzyme responsible for the production of hyaluronan, has three isoforms in mammalian cells.
 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme superfamily responsible for the detoxification pathway of many drugs, environmental pollutants, and toxic endogenous compounds has 16 known isoforms encoded in the human genome.
G6PDA: normal ratio of active isoforms in cells of any tissue is 1:1 shared with G6PDG. This is precisely the normal isoform ratio in hyperplasia. Only one of these isoforms is found during neoplasia.
Monoamine oxidase, a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines, exists in two isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B.

See also
 Gene isoform

References

External links

 MeSH entry protein isoforms
 Definitions Isoform

Protein structure

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Елизабета Касон (, Денби, Велс 14. април 1881 — 17. децембар 1954, Бристол) била је британски лекар и пионир у радној терапији. Првобитно обучена за секретарицу, почела је да студира медицину на Универзитету у Бристолу са 32 године. Диплому лекара стекла  је 1926. године, и тако постала прва жена која је дипломирала медицину на Универзитету у Бристолу. Добитник је награде Гаскел Краљевског медицинско-психолошког удружења и дипломе психолошке медицине Универзитета у Лондону.

По завршетку медицине Касон је 1929. године у Бристолу основала резиденцијалну клинику за жене са менталним поремећајима, у којој је било довољно стамбеног простора за лечење 800 пацијенатица, а следеће године и прву школу радне терапије у Великој Британији у истој згради.

Када је контролу над школом Касон 1948. пренела у надлежност непрофитне компаније, она је  и дање остала на њеном челу као потпредседник и медицински директор ове установе.

Године 1949. године основала Труст Елизабета Касон са намером да унапреди образовање и лечење радном или окупационом терапије. Године 1951. именована је за ОБЕ за свој рад у Дорсет Хоусу и такође је постала почасни члан Светске федерације терапеута радном терапијом.

Живот и каријера
Елизабета, позната као Елси била је шесто дете менаџера банке и аматера произвођача органа, Томаса Касона, из Велса, и његове супруге Лоре Ен. Један од њене браће, Луис Касон, постао је глумац и позоришни редитељ. Док је живела у Денбију, породица је стимулисала седморо деце да уживају у уметности.

Када је 1891. године отац Томас  одлучио да покрене производњу органа  породица се преселила у Лондон, у коме се Елизабета школовала на Краљевском колеџу у Лондону,  за секретарице по очевом налогу. Након стицања звања секретарице, радила је као секретарица у фирми свог оца за изграду органа до његовог пензионисања. Током 1908, Елизабета је радио као стамбени менаџер за социјалног реформатора  Октавију Хил, бринући се о животним условима становника у Црвеном крсту у Сауварку.  Следећих пет година била је организатор рекреативних активности у сали, фокусирајући се на уметност.  Филозофија Октавије Хил утицала је на Елизабетин рад током наредних година.

Године 1911, Елизабетин ујак, Исамбард Овен, проректор на Универзитету у Бристолу, обећао јој је да ће пронаћи место на факулзтету на коме би студирала  медицину уколико положи пријемни испит и упише се на универзитет. Две године се мучила са испитом из латинског језика, али га је на крају положила. Студије медицину почела је 1. октобра 1913. у доби од 32 године, а дипломирала 1919.  године. Након стицања дипломе лекара преузела је место у болници  West Hertfordshire Hospitalу у Хемел Хемпстеду.

Радећи као лекар приметила је да пацијенти на женским одељењима уживају у коришћењу свог уметничкиог талената и закључила да су такве активности важне за лечење болесника.  Схвативђи да ове активности не само да заокупљају пацијенте, већ им помажу и да стекну самопоштовање и да реше своје проблеме, она је са својим пацијентима почела да примењује радну терапију.

Када је Елизабета постала лекар у санаторијуму Холови 1921. године, све више је развијала интересовање међу пацијентима за радну терапију, све  док је радила у овој установи до 1929. године. У то време је дипломирала и медицинску психологију на Универзитету у Лондону, а 1922. године, докторирала је на Универзитету у Бристолу 1926. (поставши прва жена којој је то пошло за руком). За свој рад 1927. добила је награду Гаскелл од Краљевског медицинско-психолошког удружења.

Дело
Са дугогодишњим интересовањем за драму и под утицајем покрета за уметност и занат, Елизабет није волела "атмосферу беспослице и досаде" у дневним собама менталних болница. Посматрајући своје болесника она је "једног понедељка ујутру... открила је да се атмосфера у болници потпуно променила и схватила да су припреме за божићну декорацију почеле, а сви пацијенти су радосно радили у групама, користећи све своје уметничке таленте са правим интересовањем и задовољством. Од тог тренутка она је знала да радна терапија треба да буде саставни део лечења и да се мора обезбедити у психијатријским болницама."

Само запажање није било ново у медицини, али страст са којим се Елизабета укључила у реализацију радне терапије било је изузетно. Од осамнаестог века, радна терапија била је део "моралног" третмана у пионирским менталним установама, као што је Ретрит у Јорку, док је терапија радом била усвојена у неким напредним менталним болницама у Шкотској и у САД, а коришћено је као помоћно средство у лечењу војника повређених током Првог светског рата. Та сазнања и искуства постала су камен темељац за лечење радном терапијом којеу су примењивала Елизабетиних психијатријских пацијената у Dorset House's  Бристол, болници коју је основала Елизабета и одакле је покренула прву школу радне терапије у Великој Британији.

Елизаветино наслеђе у лечењу менталних поремећаја

Иако је Елизабета Касон била инспиративни и креативни психијатар, она  се данас вероватно више памте међу радним терапеутима него међу колегама психијатрима. Радна терапија на начин како  је она то промовисала у установама у којима је радила, данас је нешто другојачија и мање фокусира на креативне уметности, а више на класичној рехабилитацији. У том контексту многи сматрају да се можда  Елизабетино наслеђе огледа баш у томе што нас информише о вредности креативних уметности у психијатрији и наводи да је у тој области један од њених циљева промоција и разумевање употребе уметности у лечењу менталних поремећаја. То најбоље илуструју ове Елизабетине рачи:

Код оних који ткају треба приметити оригиналност боја и дезена, чији резултати су задовољавајући. Платнене крпе, џепови, јастучнице, мараме и материјали за сукње и одела се ткају и касније дорађују на различите начине.

Својим утицајем у друштвеним реформама и покретима у уметности и занату, Елизабета Касон, заједно са Џоном Раскином (1819–1900) и Октавијом Хил (1838–1912) идентификовала се као покретач у развоја радне терапије у Уједињеном Краљевству.

Извори

Спољашње везе

1881.
Умрли 1954.
Енглески лекари
Историја медицине


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text:
China / Politics
China, India resume military dialogue
By Hu Yinan (China Daily)
BEIJING - China and India are due to start their fourth Annual Defense Dialogue in New Delhi on Thursday, as military leaders from the world's two most populous nations resume their highest-level and most intensive exchanges yet after a freeze of nearly two years.
During the two-day talks, Ma Xiaotian, deputy chief of the General Staff of the People's Liberation Army, and Indian Defense Secretary Shashikant Sharma are expected to discuss regional security, military exchanges and confidence-building measures on the border between the two nations.
Earlier reports from New Delhi indicated that discussions on a joint military exercise next year would also be part of the talks.
The drill, codenamed "Hand-to-Hand", has been on hold since 2008, when the first bilateral Annual Defense Dialogue was held.
The Telegraph India website said the Annual Defense Dialogue "has assumed greater symbolism" after scheduled talks on border dispute management between the two countries were deferred.
Indian National Security Adviser Shiv Shankar Menon was scheduled to meet State Councilor Dai Bingguo for the talks in New Delhi on Nov 28 and 29. The talks were canceled at the last minute. Neither of the two sides has commented on why.
Earlier, bilateral military exchanges suffered a year-long setback over a visa dispute. India halted military exchanges in July 2010 after China provided a stapled visa instead of a stamped one for the then head of India's Northern Army Command.
The command controls part of the disputed area of Kashmir.
Defense cooperation resumed only in June, two months after the decision to do so was made during talks in China between Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and President Hu Jintao.
The Chinese and Indian leaderships share a consensus on promoting bilateral relations, but the issue at hand is to put that political consensus into practice, said Fu Xiaoqiang, an expert on South Asian studies at the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations.
The scheduled meeting indicates that China and India have for now "resolved a degree of their tit-for-tat diplomacy", Lora Saalman, a Beijing-based analyst at the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy, was quoted by Bloomberg as saying.
"It does not signal that the overall tensions underpinning such disputes have been resolved," Saalman added.
Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei last week said China "has taken note of the remarks made by the Indian side" on a US-Australia-India security group mooted by Australia.
Australian Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd earlier said a security pact with the United States and India was worth exploring, and "the response from the Indian government has really been quite positive".
A spokesperson for India's Foreign Ministry later denied knowledge of the proposal, saying New Delhi was "not aware of any such proposal".
India is, however, expected to hold a trilateral dialogue with the US and Japan in Washington on Dec 19, according to US State Department spokesman Mark Toner.
Indian Foreign Secretary Ranjan Mathai has said New Delhi would persist with its policy of engaging with both China and the US without antagonizing either side.
"In India, we have been able to engage constructively with both China and the United States despite some ups and downs. An India that continues to grow rapidly and build its relations with both China and the US may be in a position to participate effectively in, if not initiate, a trilateral dialogue between the three countries which could be a major factor of stability in Asia," he said.
China is India's largest trade partner, while India is China's fourth-largest trade partner.
US envoy on DPRK to hold 9-day Asia tour
Think tank lowers China's 2011 growth to 9.2%
Putin takes formal step to regain Kremlin top job
Drink was 'deliberately' poisoned
Property prices remain high in smaller cities
Trade barriers a growing menace
S&P affirms China's ratings, outlook 'stable'
Exchange looks to add foreign members
CUC Best Workshop: Mr Rooster
Exclusive interview with Pakistani Ambassador to China
Speedy Santas
China pandas leave for Britain on Sunday
Photographer – Yang Yueluan
Weekly Photos: Nov 7-13
Billionaires in China, RMB's appreciation , Shortage of life-saving heart drug, 9/11 anniversary, Biden talks China,
Clicks and roses
Hawk's eye view
Getting 'naked'
The yin and the yangtze
Four-letter names


Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo has revealed the reason why he refused to celebrate after scoring an equaliser against Barcelona in Sunday's Clasico.
The Portuguese superstar looked unusually somber after he scored in the 14th minute to cancel out Luis Suarez's opening goal - a surprising reaction to scoring against Madrid's hated rivals.
It turns out that Ronaldo's lack of celebration was due to the ill health of his former manager and mentor Sir Alex Ferguson. The Manchester United legend was admitted to hospital last week with a brain hemorrhage.
"How could I cheer if the man who taught me how to play football is fighting for his life in the hospital?" said Ronaldo, quoted by the Daily Star.
Ferguson is now reported to be awake and talking following emergency surgery, but Ronaldo was clearly concerned for the man who brought him to Old Trafford from Sporting CP for £12m in 2003.
"Alex Ferguson is my father in football."
Despite Ronaldo's muted celebration, Sunday's Clasico was no less fierce than usual, with Barcelona's Sergi Roberto shown a straight red card before half time with the score at 1-1.
Lionel Messi restored Barcelona's lead in the second half but Gareth Bale's sublime goal leveled the scores once more. Neither side could get a winner, meaning that Barcelona are only three games away from going the entire La Liga season unbeaten.
Real Madrid face Liverpool in the Champions League final in Kiev on May 26.


text:
STRIP DOWN, WITH NEW ACOUSTIC VERSION OF THE SINGLE, GONE!- FROM THE BAND, RIGHTFIELD
Out west, a duo consisting of Jack Blocker and Reed Hoelscher began their musical journey at the University of Arkansas, as students dorming at the school. Even though their friendship dates back to kindergarten, Jack and Reed were following two distinctly different musical paths. The two were close friends until eighth grade when Reed moved away to Texas. To spite the separation, the friends found themselves back together in college and their love for music spawned the genre bending band, Rightfield.
Rightfield found success quickly, signing with Quadio Records last year. They have already amassed over two–million streams on Spotify and that number continues to grow. The bands debut album Rightfield, One and their deluxe album version, released recently by Quadio both include the single "GONE!". Originally an alternative/indie song with a bright and melodic tone, Rightfield stripped the tune back to an acoustic version with darker, more emotional, introspective vibes. Lyrics like "Racing out, I'm wishing I left flowers on the gate. Jaded by the nights that came and never went away. Pretty sure I waited long enough so maybe I'll be on my way and I'm taking off with nothing, honey, I might be insane.", give the song a very devil-may-care feeling, while the new stripped down acoustic melody offers a version of the song, portraying real regret in a somber tone that serves to give the lyrics an added depth, from it's original incarnation.
Rightfield wanted this version of the song to feel natural, like a campfire sing-along. The nostalgic vibe, they wanted the song to embody, was in reverence to the older style country/Americana songs that were just recordings of live performances in small venues. The intimacy and tenderness of that sort of performance is easy to recognize in this acoustic version of "GONE!". Not only does this acoustic jam offer the duo a chance to present fans with music unlike the majority of their catalog, but it also offers the band an opportunity to pay homage to some southern influences, which they hold near and dear to their hearts.
There is no doubt that Jack and Reed will continue to find success with their music. No matter what kind of music you like, there is something coming out of these fellas' for everyone! It's a rare thing, to find a band so versatile that there s a song to love for almost every kind of listener.
I, for one, am extremely excited to see what comes next from these boys!
Listen to more music from Rightfield, here:
RDFO APPROVED
Lexie Carroll Continues To Impress with New Single "violet"
Jas. Releases Highly-Anticipated Debut EP "Along the Way"
Woody Preps Forthcoming Debut Project with New Single "Lost Goodbye"


Scala's expert advice can help you find the best venue for your event and help you to an event planning solution fast. Here's a small selection of top addresses in London and around to get you thinking, constantly updated. There are many more possibilities. We can compile a costed venue shortlist for you, depending on what you have in mind, from party to a formal wine tasting and everything in between.
with stunning panoramic views over the Thames.
central. As we are members, you can book through Scala.
which welcomes guests who book space for one-off events.
chic spaces ideal for wine events.
range of corporate event activities, especially wine and food.
Canary Wharf's most stylish eateries.
In the heart of the City, an atmospheric well-run ship for client events.
Luxury hotel with gorgeous grounds and grand event premises.
Scala.......the best communicator on the wine circuit.


text:
Jane Feather (born Jane Robotham 1945 in Cairo, Egypt) is a popular British–American writer of historical romance novels. In 1984 she wrote five contemporary romances under the pseudonym Claudia Bishop. She is a New York Times-bestselling, award–winning writer, and has more than ten million romance novels in print.

Biography
Jane Robotham was born on 1945 in Cairo, (Egypt), and grew up in New Forest, in the south of England. She has a master's degree in applied social studies from Oxford University. She is married and has three children.

In 1978 she moved with her husband and children to New Jersey, where she worked as a psychiatric social worker.

In 1981 she began her writing career after she and her family moved to Washington D.C. Since printing in 1984 she wrote five contemporary romance novels under the pen name Claudia Bishop and since 1986 has written historical romances under her name, Jane Feather.

References

External links
 Jane Feather at Fantastic Fiction

British romantic fiction writers
Living people
1945 births


Here are my thoughts on the matter. Please bear in mind these are my personal opinions, and I'm not giving advice, legal or otherwise. But I hope you find the points worth thinking about.
The full article was originally published in my newsletter, Digital Education. If you don't wish to wait for this full series to to run, sign up using the form below or, if it does not appear (it's a timed pop-up) click here. Answer the email to confirm your wish to subscribe, and read the edition of 20th July 2017.
Set up a Google alert for your name, and perhaps the name of your course: https://www.google.co.uk/alerts. I was once alerted to the fact that a Local Authority was, without permission, selling a resource I'd created. I contacted them and offered them the opportunity to take it down or share the proceeds with me. They chose the former.
To be honest, I think if someone really wants to steal your stuff there's not much you can do about it. However, it's worth trying to make it difficult, just in case a large company decides to do so.
I hope you have enjoyed this series, and found it useful.


text:
Swansea Manager Gives Blunt Assessment of Michael Obafemi's Form This Season
By Colman Stanley Updated Dec 23, 2022 11:00 PM
Swansea coach Russell Martin has spoken very frankly about Michael Obafemi, and the Irish striker's disappointing club form this season.
Despite finishing last season strongly, Obafemi has scored just three times in 19 Championship appearances for the mid-table Welsh side this season, while injuries have hampered him as well.
Martin spoke to Wales Online, and also discussed the striker's lack of effort on the pitch.
"Michael hasn't done well enough," said Martin. "He had a great end to last season. He's not given us anywhere near enough this season, he knows my thoughts on that. I think we'll have to wait and see (on potential January interest).
"The August thing rocked him, for sure. Some players can cope better with that than others. It's very similar to last season's pattern really which is really frustrating for us.
"You take a step forward and then two steps back. He knows my thoughts on it. We've had really honest chats."
Swansea Manager Russell Martin Disappointed With Michael Obafemi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsnwDuN7sl0
READ HERE: The Breakthrough: How Michael Obafemi Got His Career Back On Track
"We got really praised with the way we dealt with him last season," continued Martin. "It was about getting him to a point where he could trust himself, we could trust him to do a certain role in the team and we haven't quite seen that this season. Everyone expected him to pick up where he left off last year, but football is not linear.
"He's a young man living a long way from home with different things to deal with. Young men don't always get it right. We really love Mike as a character, a person, but all we can ask for from any of the lads is 100%, all in, a willingness to run for the team, and we've only seen that in glimpses."
SEE ALSO: Jamie Carragher Denies Gerrard Deliberately Missed Penalty To Get Roy Hodgson Sacked
Michael Obafemi


Golden State Warriors star Draymond Green is not afraid to do some talking, but there is at least one player in the NBA whom he doesn't bother trying to mess with anymore.
That would be San Antonio Spurs legend Tim Duncan.
In a diary entry for ESPN's The Undefeated, Green noted the impact Duncan has had on basketball, even saying that the Spurs star is "arguably the greatest power forward of all time." Duncan has been superb throughout his storied career, but he goes about the game with a completely different style than Green.
As in he does very little talking on the court.
I do have a Tim Duncan story. My rookie year I kind of talked junk to everybody. In the middle of the game I started talking to Tim, and I had already got into it with somebody on their team. I don't remember who it was. But I started talking to Tim and he kind of just stared at me. I just kept talking junk to him and he kept staring at me.
At that point I realized during the rest of my career that I might as well not talk to him. Either, one, he is not going to talk back because he has no respect for me. Or, two, he is not going to talk back because that is who he is. Or, three, both. I figured then that was the last time I would talk junk to Tim. And that was the last time.
There are some athletes who let smack talk get inside their heads. Not Tim Duncan. He's solid as a rock and won't let anything get to him. To make matters worse for the opponent, he won't even respond to trash talk. And that just adds to Duncan's mystique.


text:
package ru.iterators;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class IteratorArrayTest {

    @Test
    public void whenIterateShouldDisplay2DArrayNumbers() {
        IteratorArray it = new IteratorArray(new int[][]{{1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}});

        int result = (Integer) it.next();
        assertThat(result, is(1));

        boolean hasNext = (boolean) it.hasNext();
        assertThat(hasNext, is(true));

         int result2 = (Integer) it.next();
        assertThat(result2, is(2));

        boolean hasNext2 = (boolean) it.hasNext();
        assertThat(hasNext2, is(true));

        int result3 = (Integer) it.next();
        assertThat(result3, is(3));

        boolean hasNext3 = (boolean) it.hasNext();
        assertThat(hasNext3, is(true));

        int result4 = (Integer) it.next();
        assertThat(result4, is(4));

        boolean hasNext4 = (boolean) it.hasNext();
        assertThat(hasNext4, is(true));

        int result5 = (Integer) it.next();
        assertThat(result5, is(5));

        boolean hasNext5 = (boolean) it.hasNext();
        assertThat(hasNext5, is(false));

  //     int result6 = (Integer) it.next();
  //     assertThat(result6, is(new NoSuchElementException()));

        }
    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub