text:
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}

Symmetry is one of the basic and important concepts, which is often consulted to describe the laws of Nature. For instance, consequences of the spin symmetry (SS) and the pseudo-spin symmetry (PSS) have been an ongoing issue that is extensively discussed to characterize the nuclear structure phenomena in  nuclear physics e.g. magic numbers \cite{RefHaxel1949}, deformation and superdeformation \cite{RefBohr1982, RefDudek1987}, identical rotational bands \cite{RefByrskietal1990}, magnetic moments \cite{RefNazarewiczetal1990}. Initially, these symmetries are asserted by Smith et al. \cite{RefSmithTassie1971}  and Bell et al. \cite{RefBellRuegg1975} in their independent studies. Afterwards, the subject became more and more  popular and was studied by many authors \cite{RefMottelson1991, RefGinocchio1999, RefSugawaraetal2000, RefZhouMengRing2003, RefMishustinetal2005, RefCastro2005, RefAlhaidariBahlouliAl-Hasan2006, RefGuo2006, RefAlbertoCastroMalheiro2007, RefLuetal2012, RefLianZhaogetal2011, RefXu2012, RefHamzaviRijabi2013,  RefAlbertoCastroMalheiro2013, RefLiangShen2013, RefAlbertoMalheiroFredericoCastro2015, RefIkotetal2015, RefAlbertoetal2016, RefLuLiuetal2017}.  Detailed reviews of using these symmetries in nuclear structure phenomena, including the open problems, were given by Ginocchio \cite{RefGinocchio2005}  and recently  by Liang et al.  \cite{RefLiangMengZhou2015}. Furthermore, the foundations of these symmetries were  investigated comprehensively \cite{RefBahrietal1992, RefBlokhinBahriDraayer1995, RefGinocchio1997}. Blokhin et al. employed a helicity transformation on a non-relativistic single particle Hamiltonian and proved that the reduced radial wave function's asymptotic behaviours differ from the former cases, resulting in the increase  the diffuseness  \cite{RefBlokhinBahriDraayer1995}. Only a few years before the work of Blokhin,  Bahri et al. performed a similar transformation on non-relativistic harmonic oscillator \cite{RefBahrietal1992}. They concluded the existence of certain conditions that require having a PSS  in the Hamiltonian,  which is consistent with relativistic mean field approaches. In order to explain this correlation,
Ginocchio claimed that PSS is a symmetry that occurs in the presence of an attractive scalar potential, $V_s$, and a repulsive vector potential, $V_v$ together  with nearly equal magnitudes, $V_v+V_s=\varepsilon^-$, in relativistic mean field theory \cite{RefGinocchio1997}. Meng et al. proved that the PSS becomes an exact symmetry when $\frac{d \varepsilon^-}{dr}=0$ \cite{RefMengetal2013}. Moreover, they imitated the PSS as a competition between  the pseudo-centrifugal barrier and the pseudo-orbital potential in  real nuclei. Contrary to the PSS, the SS is defined by  $V_v-V_s=\varepsilon^+$.  In finite nuclei, the constants $\varepsilon^+$ and $\varepsilon^-$ are zero \cite{RefGinocchio1999}. Note that, Ginocchio attributed the mechanism behind these symmetries to the Dirac equation. Alberto et al. discussed the required conditions to obtain
equivalent energy spectra of relativistic $spin-\frac{1}{2}$ and $spin-0$ particles in the existence of mixed vector and scalar potential energies \cite{RefAlbertoCastroMalheiro2007}. They concluded that those conditions do not depend on the potential parameters, thus, the shape of the potential energies, but  just on  whether their difference (SS) or their sum (PSS) differ by a constant.

The solutions of the Dirac and the Klein-Gordon(KG) equations are obtained by using these symmetries in the presence of various potential energies,
e.g. SS \cite{RefGinocchio2004} and PSS  \cite{RefLisboaetal2004, RefGuoetal2005} in the relativistic harmonic oscillator potential,
resonant states solutions and PSS in the Dirac-Morse potential energy \cite{RefLiuetal2013}, PSS in the Dirac equation with a Lorentz structured Woods-Saxon potential \cite{RefAlbertoetal2001}, SS and PSS in the Hulth$\acute{e}$n-like potential and tensor interaction \cite{RefHamzaviIkhfdair2013},  SS scattering state solutions of KG particles by $q-$Parameter Hyperbolic P\"oschl-Teller potential \cite{RefIkotAtAll2015}, SS and PSS scattering of KG particles with generalized symmetric Woods-Saxon potential \cite{RefLutfuogluJiriJan2018}.

Among those studies, the Woods-Saxon potential (WSP)  is a well-known potential energy which has been used to describe the differential cross-section of the protons elastic scattering from medium and heavy nuclei in the optical model, replacing the  square well potential \cite{RefWoodsSaxon1954}.
WSP energy basically depends on three parameters: the depth of the potential well, the diffusion and the effective well radius. In the literature, solutions of the WSP in the  non-relativistic \cite{BookFlugge} and the relativistic \cite{RefKennedy2002, RefGuoetal2002, RefRojasVillalba2005} cases exist. Besides these studies, the modification of the WSP energy is examined in many  articles where  the potential is deformed with two additional parameters \cite{RefAlpdoganetal2013, RefAlpdoganhavare2014}. Such modifications are sometimes named as the generalization of the WSP by their authors. This, however,  should not be perceived as an exact generalization, since the characteristic shape of the potential does not change and the so-called generalized potential energy does not include additional physical effects. Another, "generalization" is defined with an additional physical term corresponding to  surface interactions. Satchler proposed this extra term, which is linearly proportional to the spatial derivative of the WSP, corresponding to the forces that a nucleon suffers attractively or repulsively in the vicinity of the effective radius \cite{BookSatchler}. This "Generalized Woods-Saxon potential" has been investigated comprehensively \cite{RefKobosetal1982, RefKouraYamada2000, RefBoztosun2002, RefBerkdemirBerkdemir2005, RefBoztosunetal2005, RefGonulKoksal2007, RefTianWangLi2007, RefBadalovAhmado2009,  RefKocaketal2010, RefDapoetal2012, RefIkotAkpan2012, RefIkhdairFalayeHamzavi2013, RefCandemirBayrak2014, RefBayrakSahin2015, RefBayrakAciksoz2015, RefCapakPetrellis2015, RefLiendoCastro2016, RefCapakGonul2016}.

 In this manuscript, one-dimensional form of this generalized potential that possesses parity invariance is studied. Thus, from now on it will be called as generalized symmetric Woods-Saxon potential (GSWSP) energy. Recently scattering, tight and quasi-bound solutions of the GSWSP in Schr\"odinger equation are given by \cite{RefLutfuogluetal2016}. Moreover, the effects of the surface interactions to the thermodynamics of a nucleon are examined via the non-relativistic \cite{RefLutfuoglu2018} and the relativistic \cite{RefLutfuogluCJP2018} approaches. Lately, scattering of a KG particle in the GSWSP in the presence of SS and PSS  is investigated \cite{RefLutfuogluJiriJan2018}. The motivation of this manuscript is to examine the bound state solutions of the KG equation for the GSWSP energy in the limits of the SS and PSS, respectively. Surprisingly, the constraints on the wave numbers allow us to obtain the energy spectrum of the bound state in the SS limit, while they do not allow bound states in the PSS limit.

The layout of the manuscript is as follows.  In
section~\ref{sec:gsws} the GSWSP is introduced, where, the
dependence of the potential on the parameters and the surface
interactions are qualitatively discussed by plotting them with
arbitrarily chosen parameters. In section~\ref{sec:kg} the
time-independent KG equation in the SS and PSS limits are derived
briefly. In section~\ref{sec:baglidurumcozumu}, the most general
solution for the bound states is derived in the SS and PSS limits.
Four subsections are given
 in this section. In subsection~\ref{Bound State Conditions}, the constraints on the wave numbers are investigated comprehensively and the first
 remarkable result of the manuscript is given by proving the non existence of the PSS solution. In subsection~\ref{ASB}, the asymptotic behaviors
 are used to eliminate the non-physical solutions from the general solutions. In following subsections, \ref{CC} and \ref{Quan}, the continuity
 conditions are employed to determine the quantized energy spectra and their corresponding wave functions in the SS limit.
 In section~\ref{sec:uygulama}, as a  numerical application, a neutral Kaon is considered and its energy spectra are calculated for potentials
 with repulsive and attractive surface terms, by adjusting parameters. The corresponding wave functions, the probability densities and the
 dependence of the energy spectra on the SS limit parameter are visually revealed.  Moreover, the theoretical proof of the non-existence
 of the PSS limit is verified numerically. Finally, the conclusions are given in section~\ref{sec:sonuc}.

\section{Generalized Symmetric Woods-Saxon Potential}\label{sec:gsws}

The GSWSP that is under investigation in this manuscript has the following form \cite{RefLutfuogluJiriJan2018}

\begin{eqnarray}\label{gws}
  V_{GSWSP}(x)&=&\theta{(-x)}\Bigg[-\frac{V_0}{1+e^{-\alpha(x+L)}}+ \frac{We^{-\alpha(x+L)}}{\big(1+e^{-\alpha(x+L)}\big)^2}\Bigg]\nonumber  \\
  &&+ \theta{(x)}\Bigg[-\frac{V_0}{1+e^{\alpha(x-L)}}+  \frac{We^{\alpha(x-L)}}{\big(1+e^{\alpha(x-L)}\big)^2}\Bigg]. \label{GSWSP}
 \end{eqnarray}
Here $\theta{(\pm x)}$ are the Heaviside step functions. The GSWSP depends on four parameters. Three of these parameters are common with the WSP: $V_0$ determines the depth of the well,  $\alpha$ is the reciprocal diffusion constant and  $L$ is the effective radius. Note that these three parameters are positive and real numbers in this manuscript. The fourth parameter, $W$ , is the measure of the surface interactions and can be negative or positive depending on the physical problem, i.e.  a repulsive or an attractive surface effect is adjusted with the proportionality constant to be negative or positive. Note that  in the presence of the surface effects the potential energy
changes, but a \emph{"pocket"} for the repulsive  and a \emph{"barrier"} for the attractive surface effects appears  if and only if $|W| > V_0$ with
the depth or height equals to  $\frac{(V_0-W)^2}{4W}$. Moreover, $W$ is linearly proportional to the former three parameters, and its value  can be
 determined by  the conservation laws such as momentum and energy conservations in a real problem.

To have an exact realization of the solutions of the bound state of the KG equation for the GSWSP energy, it is necessary to investigate the
 potential energy qualitatively, especially the surface interaction term dependence. Therefore, the generalization of the usual WSP energy with the increasing repulsive and attractive surface forces are plotted versus spatial distance in Fig.~\ref{fig1:2016_10_08_can_pot_v_01_pozitif_yuzey_terimi_icin}  and  in Fig.~\ref{fig2:2016_10_08_can_pot_v_01_negatif_yuzey_terimi_icin}, respectively. One sees, then, how the potential barrier or pocket occurs as the consequence of the presence of surface interactions only after $|W|$ exceeds the $V_0$ value as predicted. Besides this, in the repulsive case, an increase of $W$ ends up in the squeeze of the potential well, while in the attractive case, a decrease of $W$ causes the well enlargement. These effects are shown in comparison to the WSP well in Fig.~\ref{fig3:2016_10_08_can_pot_gercekte_ne_oluyor}. Hence, an upward shift in the energy spectra is expected for the repulsive interaction, while a downward shift is expected in the attractive case.  On the other hand, an increase of the rate of the bulk effect to the surface effect is investigated in Fig.~\ref{fig4:2016_10_08_can_pot_v_02_negatif_yuzey_terimi_icin}.  One finds that,   when the bulk effect becomes more dominant than  the surface effect,  the GSWSP tends to resemble the usual WSP. Finally, the dependence of the other potential parameters on the GSWSP is investigated in Fig.~\ref{fig5:Potential_GSWS_a_and_L_varies}. It is observed that the GSWSP cannot be a smooth potential energy in some critical values of the reciprocal diffusion parameter and the effective well radius. Therefore, appropriate parameters satisfying $e^{\alpha L} >>1$ condition are chosen  in Section~\ref{sec:uygulama} to calculate the energy spectrum.

\section{The Klein-Gordon equation} \label{sec:kg}
The KG equation is a linear homogeneous second order partial equation
\begin{eqnarray}
  \Big[\hat{p}^\mu \hat{p}_\mu- (m_0 c)^2\Big]\Phi(\vec{r},t) &=& 0
\end{eqnarray}
and describes spinless scalar or pseudo-scalar particle dynamics. It is relativistically invariant and  was proposed by  Klein \cite{Klein1926} via
two quantities,  rest mass and linear momentum. Here, the speed of light is denoted by $c$ while  the four-momentum operator is represented with $\hat{p}^\mu$.

The interactions of a KG particle with the electromagnetic field are described by the minimal substitution with an electromagnetic coupling term $e$
where $e$ is a real number.
\begin{eqnarray}
  \hat{p}^\mu &\rightarrow & \hat{p}^\mu - \frac{e}{c} A^\mu
\end{eqnarray}
The four-vector  potential $A^\mu$ contains time and spatial components. In this manuscript the spatial potential terms are chosen to be zero. The
non-zero time component term is called "a vector potential", $e A^0\equiv V_v$. On the other hand, "a scalar potential", $V_s$, is coupled to the rest
 mass with another coupling constant $g$.
\begin{eqnarray}
  m_0 &\rightarrow & m_0 + \frac{g}{c^2}V_s.
\end{eqnarray}
In this paper, a time independent potential energy is going to be used  in  $(1+1)$ Minkowski space-time. In the weak regime, where $g<<1$, the mass
coupling drops and the expression is reduced to the usual KG equation. In the strong regime, where $g\approx 1$, the time independent KG equation
becomes
\begin{eqnarray}
  \Bigg[\frac{d^2 }{d x^2}+\frac{1}{\hbar^2c^2}\Big[ \big(E -V_v \big)^2- \big(m_0c^2 + g V_s\big)^2\Big]\Bigg]\phi(x) .
  &=& 0, \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \label{KGham}
\end{eqnarray}
Here $\hbar$ is the Planck constant. The relations between the potential energies are given in the SS limit as
\begin{eqnarray}
  V_v -  g V_s&=& \varepsilon^+.
\end{eqnarray}
Then Eq.~(\ref{KGham}) yields to
\begin{eqnarray}
   \Bigg[\frac{d^2 }{d x^2}+\frac{1}{\hbar^2c^2} \bigg[E^2-\big(\varepsilon^+ -m_0c^2\big)^2 -2V_v\Big(E-\big(\varepsilon^+ -m_0c^2\big)\Big)\bigg]
   \Bigg]\phi(x) &=& 0.  \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,
\end{eqnarray}
Similarly, for the PSS limit
\begin{eqnarray}
  V_v + g V_s&=& \varepsilon^-,
\end{eqnarray}
gives
\begin{eqnarray}
  \Bigg[\frac{d^2 }{d x^2}+\frac{1}{\hbar^2c^2} \bigg[E^2-\big(\varepsilon^- +m_0c^2\big)^2 -2V_v\Big(E-\big(\varepsilon^- +m_0c^2\big)\Big)\bigg]
  \Bigg]\phi(x) &=& 0.  \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,
\end{eqnarray}
It is worth noting that for  finite nuclei, the constants $\varepsilon^+$ and $\varepsilon^-$ are shown to  be  zero~\cite{RefGinocchio1999}.
In this paper, the KG equation that possesses SS or PSS is examined by the common expression  given by
\begin{eqnarray}
    \Bigg[\frac{d^2 }{d x^2}+\frac{1}{\hbar^2c^2}\Big[ \Big(E^2-\big(\varepsilon^{\mp}\pm m_0c^2\big)^2\Big)-2V_v\Big(E- \big(\varepsilon^{\mp}
    \pm m_0c^2\big)\Big)\Big]\Bigg]\phi^{\mp}(x) &=& 0.
  \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\label{KG1}
\end{eqnarray}
Here $\varepsilon^{\mp}$ is used, $+$ indicates the SS, while $-$  represents the PSS limits.

\section{Bound State Solutions}\label{sec:baglidurumcozumu}

The GSWSP energy has parity invariance in one dimension. The solutions in either direction can be deduced by exploiting this symmetry. Here, a solution for negative $x$ is analyzed, and then, the extension of the solution in the positive $x$ region will be given.

The substitution of the GSWSP given in Eq.~(\ref{GSWSP})  to Eq.~(\ref{KG1}) gives,
  \begin{eqnarray}
  \Bigg[\frac{d^2}{dx^2}+\alpha^2\bigg[-{\epsilon_\mp}^2+\frac{{\beta_\mp}^2}{1+e^{-\alpha(x+L)}}+\frac{{\gamma_\mp}^2}
  {\big(1+e^{-\alpha(x+L)}\big)^2}\bigg] \Bigg]\phi_L^{\mp}(x) &=& 0. \label{KG2x<0}
\end{eqnarray}
Here, the following parameter abbreviations are used to reveal the most general dependence of the parameters.
\begin{eqnarray*}
-{\epsilon_\mp}^2 &\equiv& \frac{E^2-\big(\varepsilon^{\mp}\pm m_0c^2\big)^2}{\alpha^2\hbar^2c^2},\\
{\beta_\mp}^2  &\equiv& \frac{2\Big(E- \big(\varepsilon^{\mp}\pm m_0c^2\big)\Big)(V_0-W)}{\alpha^2\hbar^2c^2},  \\
{\gamma_\mp}^2    &\equiv& \frac{2\Big(E- \big(\varepsilon^{\mp}\pm m_0c^2\big)\Big)W}{\alpha^2\hbar^2c^2}.
\end{eqnarray*}
Remark that $\varepsilon^{\mp}$ is zero for the GSWSP energy. A new transformation on the spatial component is defined as
\begin{eqnarray}
  z &\equiv& \Big[1+e^{-\alpha(x+L)}\Big]^{-1},
\end{eqnarray}
and it is found out that the KG equation yields
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\Bigg[\frac{d^2}{dz^2}+\bigg(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{z-1}\bigg)\frac{d}{dz}+\bigg(\frac{\beta_\mp^2-2\epsilon_\mp^2}{z}
-\frac{\epsilon_\mp^2}{z^2}-\frac{\beta_\mp^2-2\epsilon_\mp^2}{(z-1)}+\frac{\beta_\mp^2+\gamma_\mp^2-\epsilon_\mp^2}
{(z-1)^2}\bigg)\Bigg]  \phi_{L}^{\mp}(z) = 0. \,\,\,\,\,\,\, \label{KG3x<0}
\end{eqnarray}
Note that, the boundaries are mapped into $z\rightarrow 0 (x\rightarrow -\infty)$ and $z\rightarrow 1 (x\rightarrow 0)$ since $e^{\alpha L} >> 1$. The general solution is considered with an ansatz as
\begin{eqnarray}
  \phi_{L}^{\mp}(z) &\equiv& z^{\mu_\mp} (z-1)^{\nu_\mp}f_\mp(z), \label{gensol}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mu_\mp$ and $\nu_\mp$ satisfy
\begin{eqnarray}
  \mu_\mp^2-\epsilon_\mp^2 &=& 0, \\
  \nu_\mp^2+ \beta_\mp^2+\gamma_\mp^2-\epsilon_\mp^2 &=& 0,
\end{eqnarray}
conditions. Note that  positively defined wave numbers $k_\mp$
\begin{eqnarray}
k_\mp&\equiv&\frac{1}{\hbar c}\sqrt{-\big(E\mp m_0c^2\big)\big(E\pm m_0c^2 \big)}, \label{k1}
\end{eqnarray}
and $\kappa_\mp$
\begin{eqnarray}
\kappa_\mp &\equiv& \frac{1}{\hbar c} \sqrt{\big(E\mp m_0c^2\big)\big(E\pm m_0c^2+2V_0 \big)}\, , \label{k2}
\end{eqnarray}
are related with the following parameters
\begin{eqnarray}
  \mu_\mp  &=& \frac{k_\mp}{\alpha}, \\
  \nu_\mp&=& \frac{i\kappa_\mp}{\alpha}.
\end{eqnarray}
Substituting Eq.~(\ref{gensol}) into the Eq.~(\ref{KG3x<0}) gives
\begin{eqnarray}
   &&z(1-z)f_\mp{''}(z)+ \Big[(1+2\mu_\mp)-(1+2\mu_\mp+2\nu_\mp+1)z\Big]f_\mp{'}(z)\nonumber \\&&-\Big[(\mu_\mp+ \nu_\mp)^2+(\mu_\mp+\nu_\mp)+
   \gamma_\mp^2\Big]f_\mp(z)= 0. \label{KG_eq5}
\end{eqnarray}
Notice that the resulting differential equation has the very well known form of the Hypergeometric equation
\begin{eqnarray}
   z(1-z)u{''}(z)+ \Big[c-(1+a+b)z\Big]u'(z)- ab u(z) &=& 0, \label{Hypergeometric_dif_eq}
\end{eqnarray}
that has  solutions
\begin{eqnarray}
  u(z) &=& A\,\,\, {}_2F_1[a,b,c;z]+B z^{1-c}\,\,\, {}_2F_1[1+a-c,1+b-c,2-c;z]\,, \label{hipergeometrik_genel_cozum}
\end{eqnarray}
where ${}_2F_1$ is a hypergeometric function. Comparing Eq.~(\ref{KG_eq5}) with Eq.~(\ref{Hypergeometric_dif_eq}) the solution of the function is
determined as follows
\begin{eqnarray}
  f_\mp(z) &=& D_1^\mp   \,\,\, {}_2F_1[\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+2\mu_\mp;z]\nonumber \\
    &+& D_2^\mp z^{-2\mu_\mp}  \,\,\, {}_2F_1[-\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1-\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1-2\mu_\mp;z] \,, \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
\theta_\mp \equiv \frac{1}{2}\mp \sqrt[]{\frac{1}{4}-\gamma_\mp^2}.
\end{eqnarray}
Hence, the most general solution in the negative region is found to be
\begin{eqnarray}
  \phi_L^\mp(z) &=& D_1^\mp z^{\mu_\mp} (z-1)^{\nu_\mp} \,\,\, {}_2F_1[\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+2\mu_\mp;z]
  \nonumber \\
  &+&D_2^\mp z^{-\mu_\mp} (z-1)^{\nu_\mp} \,\,\, {}_2F_1[-\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1-\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1-2\mu_\mp;z]. \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,
\end{eqnarray}
The covariance of the KG equation implies that $\phi_R^\mp(y)$ will be symmetric to $\phi_L^\mp(z)$.
\begin{eqnarray}
  \phi_R^\mp(y) &=& D_3^\mp y^{\mu_\mp} (y-1)^{\nu_\mp} \,\,\, {}_2F_1[\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+2\mu_\mp;y]\nonumber
  \\
  &+&D_4^\mp y^{-\mu_\mp} (y-1)^{\nu_\mp} \,\,\, {}_2F_1[-\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1-\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1-2\mu_\mp;y]. \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,
\end{eqnarray}
Here $D_1^\mp, \cdots, D_4^\mp $ represents four normalization constants  and
\begin{eqnarray}
  y \equiv \Big[1+e^{\alpha(x-L)}\Big]^{-1},
\end{eqnarray}
is used  for the coordinate transformation in positive region. Analogously to the case in negative region,  the boundaries in the positive region are also mapped into $y\rightarrow 0 (x\rightarrow \infty)$ and $y\rightarrow 1 (x\rightarrow 0)$ since $e^{\alpha L} >> 1$.

\subsection{Bound State Conditions}\label{Bound State Conditions}
Since the KG particles are confined, their wave functions should exponentially decay outside  the potential well, whereas, sinusoidal wave functions should accompany to the particles within the well. We investigate these conditions comprehensively for the SS and PSS limits. Two wave numbers defined in  Eq.~(\ref{k1}) and  Eq.~(\ref{k2}) should be real to satisfy the confinement conditions
\begin{eqnarray}
   -\big(E\mp m_0c^2\big)\big(E\pm m_0c^2 \big) &>&0, \label{SSbirincikosul}\\
  \big(E\mp m_0c^2\big)\big(E\pm m_0c^2+2V_0 \big)&>&0, \label{SSikincikosul}
\end{eqnarray}
in addition to the condition $V_0>0$. Note that, due to Klein paradox, $V_0$ has an upper limit.  This value is in order of $mc^2$ of the depth parameter and the bound particle's energy reaches the continuum. This is known as supercriticality \cite{Calogeracos1999}.

\subsubsection{Spin symmetric limit}

In order to comprehend the inequalities, that are found as the bound state conditions, we plot them in SS limit in  Fig.~\ref{fig6:SSpotandenergyrelations}. The shaded area  indicates the intersection of the required conditions. The first condition, given with  Eq.~(\ref{SSbirincikosul}), puts the energy eigenvalues in a limited interval.  The other condition, given by  Eq.~(\ref{SSikincikosul}), assigns the minimum value of energy spectrum.
If a  KG particle with a rest mass energy $m_oc^2$ is confined in a GSWSP energy well that has the depth parameter less than $\frac{m_0c^2}{2}$, only positive bound states can be obtained. Negative energy eigenvalues start to appear with constriction, in GSWSP energy wells that have  $V_0$  values in between $m_0c^2$ and $\frac{m_0c^2}{2}$. In a GSWSP energy well that is constituted with $V_0=m_0c^2$ value, the whole range of energy spectrum from $-m_0c^2$ to $m_0c^2$ is obtained. For other potential energy wells that have greater values of $V_0$ beyond $m_0c^2$, the energy spectrum  interval does not enlarge further.

\subsubsection{Pseudo-spin symmetric limit}

For the PSS limit, the analysis of the required conditions given in  the subsection~\ref{Bound State Conditions} ends up with a surprising result. The inequalities given with  Eq.~(\ref{SSbirincikosul}) and Eq.~(\ref{SSikincikosul}) are satisfied in the shaded area plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig7:PSSpotandenergyrelations}. On the other hand, a GSWSP energy well occurs only for a positive potential depth parameter $V_0$. Therefore,  the energy eigenvalue solution of bound state in the PSS limit is an empty set and consequently, a KG particle cannot be confined within a GSWSP well.

\subsection{Asymptotic Behaviors}\label{ASB}

In order to analyze the asymptotic behaviours of the wave
functions, the transformation variables $z$ and $y$ are examined
at positive and negative infinities and found to be zero. Thus,
the asymptotic behavior of hypergeometric functions gives unity.
The other multipliers, namely $(z-1)^{\nu_{\mp}}$ and
$(y-1)^{\nu_{\mp}}$, act like phase multipliers and yield to
$e^{-\frac{\pi \kappa_{\mp}}{\alpha}}$. Since  the wave number
$k_{\mp}$ are determined as a  positive real number by the imposed
conditions studied in  the Eq.~(\ref{SSbirincikosul}), the wave
functions behave  as exponential functions.
\begin{eqnarray}
 \phi_L^\mp(x\rightarrow -\infty) &\approx& \Big[D_1^\mp e^{x k_\mp } + D_2^\mp e^{-xk_\mp } \Big]e^{-\frac{\pi \kappa_{\mp}}{\alpha}} , \\
 \phi_R^\mp(x\rightarrow \infty) & \approx & \Big[D_3^\mp e^{-xk_\mp} + D_4^\mp  e^{xk_\mp } \Big]e^{-\frac{\pi \kappa_{\mp}}{\alpha}}.
\end{eqnarray}
To be consistent with being a solution to a bound state problem, $D_2^\mp$ and  $D_4^\mp$ should be taken as zero. Thus, the wave functions vanish
at both infinities.

Finally, it should be emphasized that the wave functions do not depend on the surface terms at infinities as one can expect.

\subsection{The Continuity Conditions}\label{CC}

The wave function should be continuous and well-defined at every point. Therefore, the matching of the solutions at the critical point $x=0$ should
be investigated.
\begin{eqnarray}
  \phi_L^\mp(x) \bigg|_{x=0^-} &=& \phi_R^\mp(x) \bigg|_{x=0^+},  \\
  \frac{d \phi_L^\mp(x)}{dx} \bigg|_{x=0^-} &=& \frac{d \phi_R^\mp(x)}{dx} \bigg|_{x=0^+}.
\end{eqnarray}
Note that at this critical point two transformations that have been used, namely,  $z\Big|_{x\rightarrow 0^-}$ and $y\Big|_{x\rightarrow 0^+}$, yield
 to a same non-zero number, hereby $t_0$,
\begin{eqnarray}
  t_0 \equiv (1+e^{-\alpha L})^{-1}.
\end{eqnarray}
From the equality of the wave function
\begin{eqnarray}
(D_1^{\mp}-D_3^\mp)t_0^{\mu_\mp}(t_0-1)^{\nu_\mp}M_1^{\mp}&=&0, \label{kendisi}
\end{eqnarray}
 is found and from the equality of the derivation of the wave function
\begin{eqnarray}
(D_1^{\mp}+D_3^\mp)t_0^{\mu_\mp}(t_0-1)^{\nu_\mp}\Bigg[\Bigg(\frac{\mu_\mp}{t_0}+\frac{\nu_\mp}{t_0-1}\Bigg)M_1^{\mp}+
\frac{(\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp)(1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp)}{1+2\mu_\mp} M_3^{\mp}\Bigg] =0, \nonumber \\ \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \label{turevi}
\end{eqnarray}
is obtained. Here
\begin{eqnarray}
  M_1^\pm &\equiv& \,\,\, {}_2F_1[\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+2\mu_\mp;t_0], \\
  M_3^\pm &\equiv& \,\,\, {}_2F_1[1+\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,2+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,2+2\mu_\mp;t_0].
\end{eqnarray}
Since $t_0$ is nearly equal to one, the hypergeometric functions have to be transformed. The identity given in  \cite{RefGradshytenRyzhikBook}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{HypergeoZ=1}
  _2F_1(a,b,c;t) &=& \frac{\Gamma(c)\Gamma(c-a-b)}{\Gamma(c-a)\Gamma(c-b)} \,\,\, _2F_1(a,b, a+b-c+1;1-t)+(1-t)^{c-a-b}\nonumber \\
  &&\times \frac{\Gamma(c)\Gamma(a+b-c)}{\Gamma(a)\Gamma(b)}\,\,\, _2F_1(c-a,c-b,
  c-a-b+1;1-t). \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,
\end{eqnarray}
is used and derived
\begin{eqnarray}
  M_1^\mp &=& S_1^\mp N_1^\mp+ (1-t_0)^{-2\nu_\mp}S_2^\mp N_2^\mp, \\
  M_3^\mp &=& S_3^\mp N_3^\mp+ (1-t_0)^{-1-2\nu_\mp}S_4^\mp N_4^\mp.
\end{eqnarray}
with the new definitions
\begin{eqnarray}
  S_1^\mp &\equiv& \frac{\Gamma(1+2\mu_\mp)\Gamma(-2\nu_\mp)}{\Gamma(1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp-\nu_\mp)\Gamma(\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp-\nu_\mp)}, \\
  S_2^\mp &\equiv& \frac{\Gamma(1+2\mu_\mp)\Gamma(2\nu_\mp)}{\Gamma(1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp)\Gamma(\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp)}, \\
  S_3^\mp &\equiv& \frac{\Gamma(2+2\mu_\mp)\Gamma(-1-2\nu_\mp)}{\Gamma(1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp-\nu_\mp)\Gamma(\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp-\nu_\mp)}, \\
  S_4^\mp &\equiv& \frac{\Gamma(2+2\mu_\mp)\Gamma(1+2\nu_\mp)}{\Gamma(2+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp)\Gamma(1+\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp)},
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
  N_1^\mp &\equiv&  \,\,\, {}_2F_1[\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+2\nu_\mp;1-t_0],  \\
  N_2^\mp &\equiv&  \,\,\, {}_2F_1[1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp-\nu_\mp,\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp-\nu_\mp,1-2\nu_\mp;1-t_0],  \\
  N_3^\mp &\equiv&  \,\,\, {}_2F_1[1+\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,2+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,2+2\nu_\mp;1-t_0],  \\
  N_4^\mp &\equiv&  \,\,\, {}_2F_1[1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp-\nu_\mp,\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp-\nu_\mp,-2\nu_\mp;1-t_0].
\end{eqnarray}
Note that the behavior of the wave function solutions  within the
GSWSP well, to the contrary to the behavior at infinities, depends
on the surface effects by $\theta^\mp$ terms as suggested.
\subsection{Quantization and the Wave Function Solutions}\label{Quan}
The continuity conditions give the quantized energy spectra with the solutions of the Eq.~(\ref{kendisi}) and Eq.~(\ref{turevi}). As a consequence of
the combined solutions the energy spectra are separated into two subsets, namely even, $E_n^e$, and odd, $E_n^o$, subsets respectively.
\subsubsection{Even Solutions}
The even solutions are obtained by the equality of $D_1^\mp$ and $D_3^\mp$ with
\begin{eqnarray}
  \frac{(S_1^\mp N_1^\mp)+(1-t_0)^{-2\nu_\mp}(S_2^\mp N_2^\mp)}{(S_3^\mp N_3^\mp)+(1-t_0)^{-1-2\nu_\mp}(S_4^\mp N_4^\mp)}&=&  -\frac{(\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp)(1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp)t_0(t_0-1)}
  {(1+2\mu_\mp)\big((\mu_\mp+\nu_\mp)t_0-\mu_\mp\big)}.\,\,\, \label{ciftcozum}
\end{eqnarray}
The wave function
\begin{eqnarray}
  \phi_L^\mp(z) &=& D_1^\mp z^{\mu_\mp} (z-1)^{\nu_\mp} \,\,\, {}_2F_1[\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+2\mu_\mp;z],\\
  \phi_R^\mp(y) &=& D_1^\mp y^{\mu_\mp} (y-1)^{\nu_\mp} \,\,\, {}_2F_1[\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+2\mu_\mp;y],
\end{eqnarray}
guarantees a non-zero value at critical point
\begin{eqnarray}
  \phi_L^\mp(t_0) &=&  \phi_R^\mp(t_0)=D_1^\mp t_0^{\mu_\mp} (t_0-1)^{\nu_\mp} M_1^\mp.
\end{eqnarray}

\subsubsection{Odd Solutions}
The odd solutions are found by the combined solutions of $D_1^\mp+D_3^\mp=0$ and
\begin{eqnarray}
  \frac{S_1^\mp N_1^\mp}{S_2^\mp N_2^\mp} &=&
  -(1-t_0)^{-2\nu_\mp}.
\end{eqnarray}
The odd wave function
\begin{eqnarray}
  \phi_L^\mp(z) &=& D_1^\mp z^{\mu_\mp} (z-1)^{\nu_\mp} \,\,\, {}_2F_1[\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+2\mu_\mp;z],\\
  \phi_R^\mp(y) &=& -D_1^\mp y^{\mu_\mp} (y-1)^{\nu_\mp} \,\,\, {}_2F_1[\mu_\mp+\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+\mu_\mp-\theta_\mp+\nu_\mp,1+2\mu_\mp;y],
  \label{tekcozum}
\end{eqnarray}
is zero at the critical point
\begin{eqnarray}
  \phi_L^\mp(t_0) &=&   D_1^\mp t_0^{\mu_\mp} (t_0-1)^{\nu_\mp} M_1^\mp,\\
  \phi_R^\mp(t_0) &=&  -D_1^\mp t_0^{\mu_\mp} (t_0-1)^{\nu_\mp} M_1^\mp.
\end{eqnarray}
since $M_1^\mp=0$.

Remark that the term that indicates the surface interactions, namely $W$, does not take part in the wave numbers related with $\mu$ and $\nu$ parameters, although it is present in the coefficients $\beta$ and $\gamma$. On the other hand, $W$ stands in the hypergeometric functions. With this point of view, to have pocket or barrier in the potential energy function is not related with the wave numbers while it is related with the particle's energy, rest mass and the potential depth parameter.

\section{Applications} \label{sec:uygulama}
In the previous section, we  algebraically proved that bound states can occur only in the presence of the SS limit. In this section,  numerical
results are dealt with to strengthen the obtained conclusions for two different types of GSWSP energy wells.

\subsection{Bound states of GSWSP with repulsive surface effects}

In this subsection,   a confined neutral Kaon, where its rest mass energy is $m_0c^2=497.648 \,\,MeV$, is initially considered in  a GSWSP energy well constructed with  arbitrarily determined parameters   $V_0=\frac{m_0c^2}{2}$, $W=2 m_0c^2$, $\alpha=1\,\, fm^{-1}$ and $L=6\,\, fm$. Note that, $\alpha L=6$ which makes $e^{\alpha L}$  much  greater than one. The positive value of $W$ indicates that the considered surface forces are repulsive. Moreover, a surface barrier occurs since $V_0 < W$ and its height is found to be $\frac{9}{32} m_0c^2$ ($139.963 \,\, MeV$).

The Newton-Raphson (NR) method is used to calculate the energy spectra via the  transcendental Eq.~(\ref{ciftcozum}) and Eq.~(\ref{tekcozum}). The obtained eigenvalues are tabulated in Table~\ref{tab1}. with their corresponding node numbers denoted by $n$.

\begin {table}[!ht]
\caption{\label{tab1}
Energy spectrum of a confined neutral Kaon in a GSWSP energy well with repulsive surface interactions. Note that all calculated energies have units in $MeV$. }
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
  \hline

  $n$  & 0& 1 & 2  & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 &  7   & 8    \\ \hline
  $E_n$ & 33.962  & 86.193  & 139.950  & 194.935   & 249.319  & 303.138 & 355.809 & 407.437 & 457.746 \\
    \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

Using the first three eigenvalues, their corresponding unnormalized eigenfunctions have been plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig8:barierwavefunc}. The repulsive surface effects, in addition to the bulk effect, push the particle toward the center. Therefore, the probability density near the core is higher.

The procedure is repeated to calculate bound state energy spectra for different GSWSP energy wells. All parameters are kept same except the potential depth parameter. The spectra are tabulated in Table~\ref{tab2}  for the cases $V_0=m_0c^2$, $V_0=\frac{3m_0c^2}{2}$, respectively.

\begin {table}[!ht]
\caption{\label{tab2}
Energy spectra of a confined neutral Kaon in  GSWSP energy wells that have been parameterized with $W=2 m_0c^2$, $\alpha=1\,\, fm^{-1}$ and $L=6\,\, fm$. Note that all calculated energies have units in $MeV$ and $n$ are the node numbers. }
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|l|c|c|}
  \hline

  n &    $V_0= m_0c^2$    & $V_0= \frac{3m_0c^2 }{2}$    & n    & $V_0= m_0c^2$    & $V_0= \frac{3m_0c^2 }{2}$        \\\hline
  0                     & -410.270       & -493.730     & 11    & 297.283 & 59.956    \\
  1                     & -320.136       & -467.612     & 12    & 347.212 & 110.177   \\
  2                     & -242.476       & -424.559     & 13    & 395.518 & 159.275   \\
  3                     & -170.674       & -373.166     & 14    & 442.678 & 207.153   \\
  4                     & -103.544       & -318.552     & 15    & 486.799 & 253.807   \\
  5                     & -39.538        & -262.729     & 16    &         & 299.119   \\
  6                     & 21.623         & -207.001     & 17    &         & 343.019   \\
  7                     & 80.580         & -151.731     & 18    &         & 385.311   \\
  8                     & 137.411        & -97.334      & 19    &         & 425.766   \\
  9                     & 192.442        & -43.837      & 20    &         & 463.891   \\
  10                    & 245.676        & 8.581        & 21    &         &           \\
  \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

The calculated energy spectra are plotted versus the depth parameters of the potential energy well and node number in Fig.~\ref{fig9:KGboundEnergies}. Whether a neutral Kaon is confined in the GSWSP energy well is determined by the potential parameter  value $\frac{m_0c^2}{2}$. Only nine eigenvalues are obtained. Note that, they have only positive values as predicted in Fig.~\ref{fig6:SSpotandenergyrelations}. In a deeper GSWSP energy well, $V_0=m_0c^2$, the number of the possible microstate numbers increases. Moreover, the range of the energy spectrum widens to be in between $-m_0c^2$ to $m_0c^2$, as expected. Sixteen node numbers increase to twenty one when the GSWSP energy well becomes deeper by setting the depth parameter as $\frac{3m_0c^2}{2}$. In this case, the repulsive surface effects become less dominant on the bulk effects. The height of the barrier is calculated to be $15.552 \,\, MeV$. Note that, the energy eigenvalues are only found to be in the KG interval.

\subsection{Bound states of GSWSP with attractive surface effects}
In this subsection, a neutral Kaon confinement is considered in a GSWSP energy well constructed with the attractive surface effects, hence $W$ is  negative and equal to $-2 m_0c^2$. The other parameters namely $V_0$, $\alpha$ and $L$ are chosen to be same as those  in the previous subsection and equal to $\frac{m_0c^2}{2}$, $1\,\, fm^{-1}$ and $6\,\, fm$, respectively. The depth of the local pockets near the surface is calculated to be $-388.788 \,\,
 MeV$.

The energy spectrum, that is calculated with the NR method  is tabulated in Table~\ref{tab3} with their corresponding node numbers. The bound state energy spectrum consists of sixteen eigenvalues. In the spectrum the initial values of node number is four rather than zero, which means the confined particle  is not in the ground state. A particle in its ground level is expected to be localized around the center of the potential well, whereas, neutral Kaon does not satisfy this criterion, since the surface effect deepens the well around the surface. The particle is localized at a sufficiently excited level with a non-zero $n$ value.  Therefore, the particle is expected to localize not only around the center of the well. The probability density distribution extends beyond the nuclear surface as demonstrated in Fig.~\ref{fig10:ProbabilityPocketEpsilon=0_50-n=678_456}, implying a non-zero probability in outer vicinity of the well as a quantum mechanical effect.

\begin {table}[!ht]
\caption{\label{tab3}
Energy spectrum of a confined neutral Kaon in a GSWSP energy well with attractive surface forces. The potential well has parameters $V_0=\frac{m_0c^2}{2}$, $W=-2 m_0c^2$, $\alpha=1\,\, fm^{-1}$ and $L=6\,\, fm$. Note that all calculated energies have units in $MeV$.}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
  \hline

  n    &$E_n$     &n & $E_n$      &  n   & $E_n$   & n      & $E_n$     \\\hline
  6    & 47.403   &10& 177.494    &  14  & 305.153 &  18    & 417.433   \\
  7    & 78.700   &11& 210.232    &  15  & 335.082 &  19    & 441.465   \\
  8    & 111.445  &12& 242.588    &  16  & 371.316 &  20    & 463.049   \\
  9    & 144.380  &13& 274.238    &  17  & 391.456 &  21    & 481.232   \\
  \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\subsection{Non-existence of bound state solutions numerically in the PSS limit}

The parameters defined for the attractive and the repulsive surface effects in the previous subsections are used in PSS limit to investigate a
bound
state solution numerically. The NR method verify that there is no bound state energy spectrum in PSS limit.

\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:sonuc}

In this work, in the limits of  spin symmetry (SS) and pseudospin symmmetry (PSS), the bound state solutions of the Klein-Gordon(KG) equation are investigated in the generalized symmetric Woods-Saxon potential (GSWSP) energy in one spatial dimension. The GSWSP differs from the usual Woods-Saxon potential by the additional repulsive or the attractive surface interactions terms. In the first part of the manuscript the structure of the GSWSP energy is investigated in detail. Then, the KG equation is obtained briefly in the SS and PSS symmetry limits. The conditions
on the wave numbers are derived and it is shown that an energy spectrum can be obtained only in the SS limit. To have numerical results, in SS limit, a neutral Kaon is chosen to be confined in repulsive and attractive GSWSP energy. The energy spectra are calculated for both cases. Moreover, in the PSS limit, it is verified  also numerically that an energy spectrum does not exist.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
This work was partially supported by the Turkish Science and
Research Council (T\"{U}B\.{I}TAK) and Akdeniz University. The author thanks to Dr. M. Erdo\u{g}an for the discussion on the preparation of the manuscript and to Dr. E. Pehlivan for the  proof reading of the first version and  to Prof. M. Horta\c{c}su  for the  proof reading of the final version. Furthermore, the author would like to emphasize his gratitude to the anonymous referee for her/his careful review of the manuscript with very kind comments and suggestions.

\section{References}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Welcome to CBK Summer Camp Park Slope !
Created By Kids is excited to announce our 7TH YEAR running our Summer Camp Program! We will host a thirteen-week Summer Camp Program beginning this June. Each week, students explore different thematic concepts, beginning with an educational foundation as inspiration.
Each camp week is based on a unique theme. During the week we'll use a variety of art-making techniques, including ceramics (both hand-built and wheel-thrown), jewelry-making, mixed media, textiles, printmaking, paper-making, art installations and more! The variety will keep kids interested while they learn about cultures, history, and literature through unique artistic projects.
Our camps are held at our studio located at 592 Pacific St. Brooklyn, NY steps away from Atlantic Terminal/Barclays Center. Camp drop off begins at 8:45 am, with pick up at 4 pm. We offer an Early Drop off beginning at 8 am and Extended Day until 6 pm (see pricing in camp description).
We hope to see everyone for another CREATIVE SUMMER at CBK!
CBK will be running our Jr. Counselor Program again this summer, please see description at the bottom of our summer camp themes. Recommended ages 11-13 years.
At the end of our week-long summer camps, every student goes home with an armload of cool projects that we've been working on throughout the week. But because we realize the season's schedules are hectic and not all schools are dismissed at the same time, we've created a shorter series of day-long camps in the weeks leading up to our various, ever-popular themed weeks. These day sessions have a sharper focus, with projects spanning a range of media that can be completed in a single day - other than clay works, these finished pieces can usually be taken home right after class. In our fine arts camps students will have the opportunity to try their hand at a little bit of everything, we'll explore printmaking, sculpture, jewelry, ceramics, and impressionistic and realistic drawing and painting. As always, we'll look at different artists for inspiration for a mini-art-history lesson, too! Your children will leave camp with new artistic knowledge and projects!
During our Ceramics & Pottery Wheel camp week, students explore the various ways in which artists use clay, including both hand built and on the pottery wheel. During this camp week we will learn to manipulate the clay to make functional and sculptural forms. We will learn all basic techniques involved with throwing on the wheels. Beginning with wedging and centering the clay. After getting a feel for how the wheel works students will then begin molding the clay into symmetrical, functional forms. Through repeated practice, they'll learn to shape the clay as the wheel spins, gaining a feel for the proper thickness and form. The students will also get the chance to hand build with clay not only to add to their thrown pieces (handles, lids etc.) but to also create pottery with slabs, coils and pinching. After the pottery air drys the students will learn how to trim their clay projects with clay tools. The projects are then fired in our kiln so they are ready for the next stage, glazing. They will learn different glazing methods; brushing, dipping, underglaze and layering, giving their pottery a completed and finished look.
Throughout the week we will also gather inspiration from other ceramicists, adding to their pottery, different textures created with a variety of tools, manipulating the functional forms into different shapes and learn how to layer glazing techniques to create their our signature style of pottery. Each student will go home with a comprehensive and impressive body of work they will be proud of!
True innovators can make art out of anything, and that's the idea behind our science-meets-art week. We'll create our materials from scratch, including paper, paint, chalk while discussing that the process is as important as the finished projects. We'll do a textile project with safe, natural dyes, and embellish the finished work with hand-made beads created with a unique "cold porcelain" compound. We'll use unusual techniques to create works of art, incorporating salt, baking soda, ice and vinegar into paintings. We will do a new experiment everyday learning about simple machines, density, gravity, light and more! These quirky projects will have them shouting EUREKA! with every new discovery.
Grandiose tales of dragons, kings and queens and knights in shining armor - these heroic fables will provide epic inspiration when we explore Medieval arts. We'll design family crests to create mixed-media shields, and screenprint beautiful flags with their personalized coat of arms. They'll build mini castles out of clay and design tapestries based on the period's elaborate textiles depicting mythical beasts. We'll also learn some physics when we make small working catapults out of wood, wire, and rubber bands, and try our hand at calligraphy. It will be a true Renaissance for your young artist.
Lights! Camera! Art! It's movie week at CBK and your child is in the directors chair. We'll spend the week working together to create our very own stop motion animated film. Kids will create storyboards and production notebooks to flesh out their characters and narrative.
Throughout the week we'll use paint and paper to create various sets, build and animate characters out of clay, record voice work as well as their own foley for sound effects using found objects, and finally film the finished project. Students will also design and print their own movie posters and other "marketing materials" to promote their movies far and wide. We're ready for our closeup! It's Sunset Boulevard by way of Pacific Avenue!
Clothing and textiles are a part of our everyday lives, but there's a long process that goes into their design and construction. That's what makes fashion design one of the most exciting careers in the art world! During our Fashion Design week, we'll explore the process from beginning to end, with the ultimate goal of creating a wearable garment of the student's' choosing. This begins with a study of today's fashion where we'll look at style, movement, and color to create our own illustrations and collages from magazines to design fashion boards.
We'll learn the basics of hand sewing, stitchery, and machine sewing - each student will share a sewing station to practice these essential skills, such as hemming and making seams. Students will design their own textiles from raw material, creating a unique design through safe dyeing processes, painting, printing (block or screen) and batik techniques; this is what they will use to construct their final pieces - either a dress, skirt, shirt, or bag. We'll make our own sewing patterns according to each child's choice of garment, measuring carefully as we build a finished product they can really wear. Students will be asked to conceptualize their own fashion brand, designing a personalized logo, making a tag, and sewing in a label - just like the apparel they wear every day!
The reach of art is far and wide and this week explores three pioneers from across the eras. Students will study three masters of their craft and learn to emulate their distinct styles with a personal twist. Up first, the man himself, Leonardo DaVinci (1452 - 1519). Children will build DaVinci's famous flying machines and execute the project from the literal drawing board to a physical specimen they'll be able to wear home. We'll also be doing Mona-Lisa-self-portraits with your child flashing that mysterious smile.
Next we'll study the works of Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973) working with clay to create sculptures reminiscent of his famous style. To follow, we'll be blacking out part of the studio and create our own light paintings with long exposures to print and take home. Finally we'll cover the work of Jeff Koons (1955 - present) where kids will get to recreate the balloon animals sculptures in papier-mâché and work in watercolors to paint his porcelain works. Of course these are only three artists in a world of potential candidates, though it will be easy to branch off and show how far each artist influences another across decades and even centuries.
New York kids are surrounded by buildings, but rarely do we stop to admire those massive skyscrapers or beautiful brownstones for the works of art that they are.
This week will awaken the architectural designer in your child as we construct replicas of famous buildings into pillows. We'll sketch detailed perspective drawings of busy city blocks, paper-mache Gothic-inspired cathedrals, and make block prints based on the iconic Russian skyline. We'll draft blueprints and build mini-cities using acrylic-painted wood. We'll look to some of our favorite architect's work Frank Lloyd Wright, Frank Gehry and more when making our building designs out of mixed recycled materials. After our architecture week, your child will never see the city in the same way again!
Take the plunge with CBK as our INTO THE DEEP week kicks off. We'll explore the wreckage of sunken ships and create our own treasure boxes out of clay, students can take home and fill with all their found trinkets. As the journey rolls along kids will create and design logbooks to mark specific finds and we'll carve our own scrimshaw on clay.
We will make scrolls out of fabric and screen print our own sea animals. Students will make star guides of their favorite constellations to help us across the seven seas. We'll study ancient sea maps and their exotic creatures, creating our own with water colors and tea soaked paper. Finally, we'll "grow" our own coral reef using cardboard, plaster of paris and paint. With a sea full of wonder the depth of their creativity is endless!
Ancient Greece was revered for its beautiful mosaics, classic sculpture, and advances in architecture, literature and technology. Students will learn all about Greece's lasting impressions in these fields as they explore the mythology and craft behind the history.
We'll make relief sculptures from clay much like Ancient Greek masters did, and use plaster to create symbols representing the Grecian gods and heroes and their powers. We'll construct laurel wreath headpieces that they can actually wear, and will work on a multi-layer screen print diptych featuring the iconic black and red figures found all over Grecian pottery. Greek week is sure to awaken creativity of mythic proportions!
Fine Art Day Camp sessions have a sharper focus, with projects spanning a range of media that can be completed in a single day - other than clay works, these finished pieces can usually be taken home right after class. During our fine art day camps students will have the opportunity to try their hand at a little bit of everything, we'll explore printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, and impressionistic drawing and painting. As always, we'll look at famous examples for inspiration (and a bit of a mini-art-history lesson, too). Looking forward to a few more days of CREATIVITY before school starts!
CBK's popular Jr. counselor program is back this summer. This program is offered to students ages 11-13 years old. The Jr. counselors will help assist the teachers with the daily tasks of setting up the art projects and helping the younger students. All the counselors can also choose to participate in the activities and art projects during the camp week. This is a great opportunity for the older students to learn about the art process from start to finish, while gaining a sense leadership by helping the younger students.
Our Jr. Counselor program is only available for full weeks of camp. Please not we have limited spaces for jr. counselors each camp week.


The Oscar-winning film Shakespeare in Love is a tongue-in-cheek romantic comedy about the young playwright and his struggle with writer's block during the staging of his latest play, Romeo and Ethel, the Pirate's Daughter. Complicating matters, he falls in love with Viola De Lesseps, a beautiful young woman with a secret desire to be an actress. She disguises herself as a man to audition for his all-male play and Shakespeare unknowingly casts her in the lead role. Gwenyth Paltrow received an Oscar for her gender-bending portrayal of Viola. The agony of Shakespeare's ill-fated romance with the already-engaged Viola leads to several rewrites of the play, changing the pirate comedy into the tragic romance Romeo and Juliet.
Written by Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard, the dialogue is full of hilarious and remarkable allusions to Shakespeare's work. The story offers a fascinating fictional imagining of Shakespeare and the world surrounding his work.
Directed by John Madden (1998). Rated R.


A space shooter video game made during AGDG 2017, for the "GAMES MADE QUICK???" game jam (https://itch.io/jam/games-made-quick). You fly around in your spaceship, shoot the evil CYBER ENEMIES, and hopefully do not crash too much.
Controls are relatively simple and explained in game. Difficulty can be toggled by pressing 'p' on the menu screen. The normal mode is fairly hard, but there is cute robot art at the end if you manage to beat it!
Screen zoom can be adjusted by pressing 'o'.
Featuring a 4 song soundtrack of totally not recycled music, spectacular robo voice acting and Actual Cute Pictures!
Fully software rendered (uses GLUT, but only to open a window), and thus, possibly not very fast on any given machine. Mostly fixed point math, and with 8-Bit RGB332 colour palette (the best palette). Rasterizer ripped out from what was originally a demo running on a microcontroller, and fixed up a lot.
Release binaries for windows and 64bit ubuntu and possibly OS X can be found on http://halcy.itch.io/cyber-defense-2200 .
Version 1.2 features improved just about everything, a mac build (thank you, @alazyreader), some polish and cute robo voicing.


text:
Canada Emerges Victorious in June Feature Games
Team Canada men's national team came out victorious 60-55 over Argentina in the exhibition feature game on June 19 at the National Training Centre in the Parapan American Sports Centre in Toronto. Meanwhile, the women's national team beat the Netherlands 54-52 a few days earlier on June 13 at the same location.
Men defeat Argentina
Pat Anderson and Nik Goncin led Canada in scoring with 15 and 12 points respectively in the game.
"It was a great atmosphere," Anderson said. "One which we don't get to play in too often with the noise and the distractions, it was a great test…to assess where we're at and communicate and work together under intense circumstances."
The game started off with both teams missing shots but Canada broke through to open the scoring. Tyler Miller found David Eng to make it 2-0. Argentina responded with free throws to take the lead back before the home side hit back-to-back jumpers (courtesy of Bo Hedges and Nik Goncin) to take a 6-4 lead.
It was Canada's first game in a while, and the first in a series of exhibition matches. "There's a little extra nerves and sort of looking around at each other sometimes but I think we, once the early parts of the game, the jitters were through, we were able to channel that energy from the crowd, the kids and settle into the game," Anderson noted.
Both sides continued to trade baskets throughout the first quarter as Villafane stayed hot for Argentina with a number of outside shots. The first quarter ended with Argentina up 17-12 after a three by Villafane and a steal in transition.
Adrian Perez started off Argentina on the strong foot in the second quarter with a layup off a steal but Lee Melymick responded with a basket. Canada started to cut into the Argentina lead with a Goncin field goal but weren't able to stop them from scoring.
Hedges hit from just inside the three-point line to cut the lead to 27-23 late in the quarter, leading Argentina into a timeout. Pat Anderson checked into the game afterwards and quickly drew a foul. He hit one of two free throws before hitting a three to tie the game. However, Argentina would take a 29-27 edge into halftime with Villafane leading all scorers with 11 points.
Anderson said Canada hit their stride at the end of the first half.
"Coming off the bench is a little bit strange but a good opportunity for me to practice that and for me to understand what other guys, who do come off the bench more often, what they're faced with and how they prepare and how they contribute," he said. "It's a good experience but I was itching to get out there."
Canada went on a run to start the second half, taking a 37-31 lead as Anderson added to his scoring totals. Eng scored off a drive to the basket to make 41-33. Canada continued to get scoring throughout the quarter as Deion Green scored his first points of the game. They took a 48-40 lead into the fourth quarter.
The score stayed at 48-40 early in fourth as both teams made defensive stops before Anderson got to the free throw line and hit both. Joel Gabas grabbed an offensive rebound to make it 53-44 but Goncin responded with an offensive rebound of his own late in the game. He continued his scoring streak with a jumper and the foul. Captain Alolfo Berdun hit a late three as Argentina made a last-minute push but it wasn't enough.
"I think we look like a hungry team, which is not surprising coming off a 12th place finish [at Worlds] but it really for us [was] a tactical challenge," Anderson said.
"Every team, every opponent presents new challenges," he said. "We can't take any games off because of the opportunity to practice the Xs and Os."
"We have to approach every game that way whether there are 1000 people here or one person here," he added.
Canada's women beat Netherlands
Canada women's national team took down the defending European and World champion Netherlands 54-52 on June 13 at the National Training Centre at the Parapan American Sports Centre in Toronto. This was after losing to the Netherlands in the quarterfinals of the 2016 Paralympics and in the group stage of the 2018 World Championships.
Canada built up a lead throughout the game, which proved crucial as Netherlands made a 13-4 run late in the game. However, Canada's defence withstood it and prevailed with the victory.
Canada got spread out scoring with Arinn Young leading the way with 13 points. Cindy Ouellet added 10 points while Kady Dandeneau chipped in seven.
Canada's men's team takes on the Netherlands later today at 5 p.m. ET. They also face off against Argentina and the Netherlands a number of times between June 20 and June 25th.
The women's team will be competing in the USA tournament in Georgetown, Kentucky from July 11-17. Both teams will continue to compete in exhibition games in preparation for the 2019 Parapan American games in Lima, Peru from Aug. 23 to Sept. 1.
Photo Link

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Die lustigen Vagabunden ist der Titel von:

 Die lustigen Vagabunden (1926) (Lykkehjulet), dänischer Spielfilm von Urban Gad und A.V. Olsen
 Die lustigen Vagabunden (1928), deutscher Spielfilm von Luise und Jakob Fleck
 Die lustigen Vagabunden (1940), deutscher Spielfilm von Jürgen von Alten
 Die lustigen Vagabunden (1963), österreichischer Schlagerfilm von Kurt Nachmann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
if test "$#" -ne 1; then
    echo "################################"
    echo "Usage:"
    echo "./01_setup.sh <voice_name>"
    echo ""
    echo "Give a voice name eg., slt_arctic"
    echo "################################"
    exit 1
fi

current_working_dir=$(pwd)
merlin_dir=$(dirname $(dirname $(dirname $current_working_dir)))
experiments_dir=${current_working_dir}/experiments
data_dir=${current_working_dir}/database

voice_name=$1
voice_dir=${experiments_dir}/${voice_name}

acoustic_dir=${voice_dir}/acoustic_model
duration_dir=${voice_dir}/duration_model
synthesis_dir=${voice_dir}/test_synthesis

mkdir -p ${data_dir}
mkdir -p ${experiments_dir}
mkdir -p ${voice_dir}
mkdir -p ${acoustic_dir}
mkdir -p ${duration_dir}
mkdir -p ${synthesis_dir}
mkdir -p ${acoustic_dir}/data
mkdir -p ${duration_dir}/data
mkdir -p ${synthesis_dir}/txt

### create some test files ###
echo "Hello world." > ${synthesis_dir}/txt/test_001.txt
echo "Hi, this is a demo voice from Merlin." > ${synthesis_dir}/txt/test_002.txt
echo "Hope you guys enjoy free open-source voices from Merlin." > ${synthesis_dir}/txt/test_003.txt
printf "test_001\ntest_002\ntest_003" > ${synthesis_dir}/test_id_list.scp

global_config_file=conf/global_settings.cfg

### default settings ###
echo "######################################" > $global_config_file
echo "############# PATHS ##################" >> $global_config_file
echo "######################################" >> $global_config_file
echo "" >> $global_config_file

echo "MerlinDir=${merlin_dir}" >>  $global_config_file
echo "WorkDir=${current_working_dir}" >>  $global_config_file
echo "" >> $global_config_file

echo "######################################" >> $global_config_file
echo "############# PARAMS #################" >> $global_config_file
echo "######################################" >> $global_config_file
echo "" >> $global_config_file

echo "Voice=${voice_name}" >> $global_config_file
echo "Labels=state_align" >> $global_config_file
echo "QuestionFile=questions-radio_dnn_416.hed" >> $global_config_file
echo "Vocoder=WORLD" >> $global_config_file
echo "SamplingFreq=16000" >> $global_config_file
echo "SilencePhone='sil'" >> $global_config_file
echo "FileIDList=file_id_list.scp" >> $global_config_file
echo "" >> $global_config_file

echo "######################################" >> $global_config_file
echo "######### No. of files ###############" >> $global_config_file
echo "######################################" >> $global_config_file
echo "" >> $global_config_file

echo "Train=50" >> $global_config_file
echo "Valid=5" >> $global_config_file
echo "Test=5" >> $global_config_file
echo "" >> $global_config_file

echo "######################################" >> $global_config_file
echo "############# TOOLS ##################" >> $global_config_file
echo "######################################" >> $global_config_file
echo "" >> $global_config_file

echo "ESTDIR=${merlin_dir}/tools/speech_tools" >> $global_config_file
echo "FESTDIR=${merlin_dir}/tools/festival" >> $global_config_file
echo "FESTVOXDIR=${merlin_dir}/tools/festvox" >> $global_config_file
echo "" >> $global_config_file
echo "HTKDIR=${merlin_dir}/tools/bin/htk" >> $global_config_file
echo "" >> $global_config_file

echo "Step 1:"
echo "Merlin default voice settings configured in \"$global_config_file\""
echo "Modify these params as per your data..."
echo "eg., sampling frequency, no. of train files etc.,"
echo "setup done...!"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
2021 Dean's Report
Warrington's future is bright – see for yourself!
UF Warrington's new digital 2020-2021 Dean's Report
Launch Dean's Report
#13 in the nation
Undergraduate business programs, among US publics
Heavener School of Business ranked by U.S. News & World Report
#7 in the nation
Undergraduate accounting programs, among US publics
Fisher School of Accounting ranked by U.S. News & World Report
We Are Business Gators
We see things differently. We view obstacles as opportunities, and face challenges with resolve. We bring the values of excellence, innovation and grit to whatever we choose to pursue. Because we have been built for significance. We've been made to perform.
Warrington helps you take the next step in your professional journey from anywhere in the world. No matter what your professional goals are, Warrington has an online program to get you there.
With the backing of strong rankings from respected publications around the globe and a large alumni network, UF MBA is an industry leader with nine program formats to fit your busy schedule.
On-campus and online specialized master's programs prepare students to stand out in their industry. Warrington has long been at the forefront of specialized degrees and offers six individualized programs.
Take our online tour to explore the University of Florida Warrington College of Business. Our videos and photos walk you through graduate program options, introduce you to our campus and other insights from students and campus leaders.
Get started. Learn what your Warrington experience will be.
Among U.S. Schools
U.S. News & World Report 2021 Best Online MBA Programs
Among Publics
U.S. News & World Report 2022 Best Colleges
| Website Feedback | Page updated: December 23, 2021


text:
Facebook page opens in new windowLinkedin page opens in new windowTwitter page opens in new windowInstagram page opens in new window
Charter Oak Financial
Insurance Advisors and Financial Planning
Mission, Vision + Values
Christopher Richards Joins Charter Oak Financial Leadership Team
Norwalk, Conn., June 15, 2020—Christopher Richards has joined Charter Oak Financial as the managing director of the firm's Norwalk office.
Mr. Richards is responsible for attracting new talent to his team, while helping the firm's existing Norwalk-based professionals grow their practices. He will also play key part in expanding Charter Oak's presence throughout Fairfield County.
Across his 18-year career, Mr. Richards has held management roles in several entrepreneurial industries. His financial services experience spans both private practice and leadership—including his most recent tenure as a partner at another large company—and has been recognized with numerous national accolades.
Charter Oak Managing Partners Brendan Naughton and Brad Somma commented: "Chris has risen to the top of our profession by blending his deep understanding of the industry and the workings of a successful practice with his ability to lead by example and motivate his teams. We look forward to Chris's successes at Charter Oak."
Mr. Richards resides in Norwalk, Conn. He has two children.
Charter Oak Financial serves the risk management, business services and retirement and investment planning needs of families, individuals and businesses across the Northeast. Through our mission, vision, and guiding principles, we are committed to delivering exceptional client experiences, fostering a positive firm culture, and being an influence for good in our communities.
Charter Oak's offices are located throughout Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York. To learn more, visit www.charteroakfinancial.com.
Securities, investment advisory and financial planning services offered through qualified registered representatives of MML Investors Services LLC, Member SIPC (www.sipc.org). Supervisory Office: 330 Whitney Avenue, Suite 600; Holyoke, MA 01040. Tel: 413-539-2000.
Local firms are sales offices of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (MassMutual), and are not subsidiaries of MassMutual or its affiliated companies. **An insured, owner or payer of a Massachusetts Mutual (MassMutual) policy or contract.
PreviousPrevious post:Lena and Teresa Wu Start the Feed Your Hospital Initiative in NYC – An Inspiring Story in the Midst of COVID-19NextNext post:Charter Oak Named Among Best Companies to Work for in New York State
Joanna Leary
jleary@charteroakfinancial.com
© Copyright 2021 Charter Oak Financial
Securities, investment advisory and financial planning services offered through qualified registered representatives of MML Investors Services, LLC.
Member SIPC . Supervisory Office: 330 Whitney Avenue, Suite 600, Holyoke, MA 01040, Tel: (413) 539-2000.
Check the background of your Financial Services Professional on FINRA's BrokerCheck.


qdPM: Project Management Tool which helps the project team to be in synchronization. It helps keep track of project status, discussions, meetings, documentations and deliver timely deliveries as planned.
SharePoint: Common Portal shared between the Client and UMANG team, so as to maintain the transparency in work flow. Clients can take advantage of this tool to monitor the project progress.
SVN~ Code Subversion: This tool helps you maintain project source code and documents, also importantly the version control when more than one team member share the project resources.
Delivery Checklist: This List is a final checklist at the time of delivery, which is updated and maintained by teams involved at all stages of the software development, from Development to Documentation, and from Testing to Delivery.
Doc-O-Matic: This tool helps in creating and maintaining the software source code technical documentation of different technologies and languages.
Minutes of Meeting(MOM): Upon end of every meeting between the client and UMANG team, a MOM is shared with the client which contains the list of attendees, points discussed, highlights of the meeting, plan of action and more.
Help Menus: Guides to help the users traverse through the software is an integral part of the development. HelpMenus are produced upon request by clients.
MantisBT: Bug Tracking Tool which helps the testing team to report minor and major bugs; and the development team can get notifications and resolve the accordingly. The bugs can be monitored by the entire project team and can generate project reports.
SourceGuard UMLD: For Delphi Project, We use this inhouse developed component which helps in memory leak detection and bug reporting.
Test Case List: Set of conditions or variables under which a tester will determine whether an application, software system or one of its features is working as it was originally established for it to do. The mechanism for determining whether a software program or system has passed or failed such a test is known as a test oracle.


text:
Daler Mehndi styled the look of Sapna Choudhary himself for new song 'Bawli Tared'
Haryanvi star Sapna Choudhary recently took on the social media to announce the release date of her new music video alongside Daler Mehndi. The music video will be out on April 25th and the title of the song is 'Bawli Tared' which is written by Daler Mehendi and Krishna Bhardwaj. However, the interesting part of the song is not its poster but the look of Saapna Choudhary. The singer himself created the look of Sapna Choudhary in the song. He even posted a picture.
Daler Mehndi took on Instagram and wrote, "This makeover and song look of Sapna Chowdhary is styled by yours truly. An absolute fun video shot by Sumit Bhardwaj and project conceived by @pawanchawla2010 will hit your screens on 25th April by Worlds biggest channel @tseries.official 2DAYS to Go!!! The song is composed by Me Co-written by – Krishna Bhardwaj and yours truly. #BawliTared. Sower your love."
The song is produced by Pawan Chawla and the video of the song is directed by Sumit Bhardwaj. Even Sapna Choudhary posted on Instagram and said, "Sapna too took to social media to inform her fans about the collaboration, she shared a still from her upcoming song and captioned it by saying, "Hello friends Ram Ram. Our next music video बावली तरेड़ will be released on coming 25th April by T series. Let's spread this everywhere. And I hope you all will like this. With legend singer @dalersmehndi and Project by @pawanchawla2010 ( P&M Movies ). Director @sumitbharadwajofficial, thanks @rajchanana ji. Big thanks @tseries.official"
The fans are really excited about the song and video to come out. Both of the stars have a huge fanbase and are immensely loved. This is the collaboration of Haryana and Punjab and we know it is going to be amazing. The stars have put a lot of effort to create this and we hope that they will receive a great response.


Great opportunity in a convenient Ilion location! This home on a corner lot has 3 spacious bedrooms, the master has a walk-in closet. The property features a beautiful updated bathroom, new carpeting, newer vinyl windows, and a fenced in yard. Schedule your appointment today!


Join the Children's Center for Dance Education as they climb up a giant beanstalk! What will they find?!
The 2019 Spring Ballet performance for the Children's Center for Dance Education is Jack and the Beanstalk at the Old National Events Plaza's Aiken Theatre on May 5 at 3:00pm. Tickets are $16 and should be purchased one week before the performance to ensure timely ticket delivery. Purchase tickets online and an administration fee of $1 is added to each ticket.


text:
The following appeared on Concept.
Perfectly illustrates the political message of Muslimgauze, the title speaks for itself. It is probably the album where one feels more of the epic breath that recurs in all albums. A great classic.
review by Cyrille Sottile
translation by T @ The Edge with the use of Power Translator
The following appears in All Music Guide.
An important release, and not just musically - this turned out to be the first album by Muslimgauze for Staalplaat, the Dutch-based label that, with its sister company Soleilmoon in the United States, proved to be Bryn Jones' staunchest supporter, releasing the lion's share of his massive discography over the course of the 1990s and beyond. Only three songs long, Iran still deserves attention if only for the killer opening track alone, an extended remix of "Lion of Kandahar." It's a slamming song with a pulsating beat that alternately takes over then subsides back into the mix, as other drums and percussion play around it. Bells, drones, and synth strings flesh out the overall piece, at times doing a radical revamp of the core beat as well. As an example of Muslimgauze's radical fusion of styles, it's near perfect. "Qom" has its points, with a strange, echoing clatter providing the main rhythm among many as the song slowly but surely builds. I still falls a touch flat, however, against the brilliant opening track. "Intifadah" brings it all to a fine conclusion; cymbal clashes herald yet more throbbing beats, occasionally dropping many of the rhythm tracks in various combinations. Some nicely unexpected shifts in tempo are provided, as string and sitar noises, among others, slide out of the speakers.
review by Ned Raggett
All Music Guide
Release date: June 21, 2010 (fourth version)
"Iran" was the first Muslimgauze recording to be released on CD, and therefore occupies a special place in the hearts of Muslimgauze fans. The year was 1988, and Dutch label Staalplaat had recently been introduced to the music of Muslimgauze through their association with Soleilmoon. At the time, Staalplaat was known for their attractively presented cassette releases. "Iran" was their first CD release, and signaled the start of the label's transition away from the cassette format. Soleilmoon reissued "Iran" in America in 1993 after Staalplaat relinquished their rights to the material, although by then more than half a dozen Muslimgauze CDs had been issued by Staalplaat, Soleilmoon and other labels. "Iran" was available for another five years, until 1998, when it went out of print.
The Muslimgauze catalog is profoundly deep, with 200 or more releases, depending on how you count them. Ever the one to love his latest compositions above all others, Bryn Jones, the man behind Muslimgauze, pushed his record labels to issue new product and let older titles go out of print, which for the most part that made sense. After all, fans want the newest album, so why keep something old in print? But with the passing of time, the question has been answered: History is relevant, and the old recordings are still important. Thus it is with particularly great happiness and pride that we bring back the first ever Muslimgauze CD.
For this reissue the CD packaging has been completely redesigned. The original print films were converted into digital files so that the photographs could be reused, but the essay "Breien Met Mist / Zonder Handleiding" (Knitting With Fog / Without Manual) written in Dutch by Andrew McKenzie of The Hafler Trio, was deleted, allowing us to put full emphasis on the presentation of the images. The new package is printed entirely on high quality heavyweight papers, and is a work of art in its own right, rivaling the music recorded on the CD it's designed to hold. A sturdy slipcover pocket holds a black-and-white four-page booklet together with a CD slipcase made with scented, metallic gold paper. It is truly an art object to cherish and treasure.
The following is from Fathom Distribution.
Fathom Distribution is proud to offer one of the first Muslimgauze CD's, in reissue. Three long tracks that culminate in one of the finest Muslimgauze releases in the catalog. Layers of acoustic, ethno-traditional, and electronic drums along with vocal accents and haunting reverb make for an intense listening experience. As always, the political context of the times whence this music came is ever-important and informs the sound. For this reissue the CD packaging has been completely redesigned. The new package is printed entirely on high quality heavyweight papers, and is a work of art in its own right, rivaling the music recorded on the CD it's designed to hold. A sturdy slipcover pocket holds a black-and-white four-page booklet together with a CD slipcase made with scented, metallic gold paper. It is truly an art object to cherish and treasure.
comments by Ibrahim Khider
Fathom Distribution (Saturday, July 31, 2010)
see also Iran, Zul'm, Infidel and Salaam Alekum, Bastard & Iran, Bhutto, Hebron Massacre, Drugsherpa & In Search Of Ahmad Shah Masood
Iran Iran (2) Iran (3) Iran (4)


I think that computers in the classroom are unnecessary. My ESL program had to fight long and hard to get textbooks which only cost about $20-30 per student. A computer costs at least $400 (www.e4me.com) with most people spending more. The money can be better spent by hiring more teaching personnel, helpers, and buying written reading materials.
It depends on the set-up. All schools and colleges here in the UK are linked up and have good IT facilities.


Copyrights records by David Gerber Company, Inc.
Medical school; story / By Howard Rosenman.
Copyrights records by Howard Rosenman Productions, Inc.
Medical school / By Howard Rosenman.
Daddy : an original one-act play / by Donald C. Drake.
Ivan and Jane : an original two-act play / by Donald C. Drake.
Time watch : an original one-act play / by Donald C. Drake.
Lord, I surrender / words and music by Donald A. Drake.
Medical school for lawyers : the complete neurological examination.
Copyrights records by SEAK, Inc.
Medical school admission requirements, 1979-80 : United States and Canada.
Washington, D. C. : Association of American Medical Colleges, c1978.
Association of American Medical Colleges, employer for hire.
Medical school : the dramatic true story of how four years turned a class of raw students into qualified physicians / by Donald Drake.
New York : Rawson Associates Publishers, c1978.
Medical school, a possibility! : A helpfull [sic] guide for high school students looking ahead.
Medical school : the interview and the applicant / Marguerite Rush Lerner.
New Matter: "substantial editorial revision."
Woodbury, N. Y. : Barron's Educational Series, c1981.
Copyrights records by Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
Medical school admissions : a strategy for success / Henry Wechsler, Barbara Gale.
Cambridge, Mass. : Ballinger Pub. Co., c1982.
Medical school admission interviews / W. John Campbell.
Medical school faculty and department chairmen perceptions on ... / Sandra Ellen Colombo.
Prev. reg. as Strategy for success: a handbook for prehealth students, 1990, TX 2-824-438.
Champaign, IL : National Association of Advisors for the Health Professions, c1994.
Copyrights records by Corder, Brice W.
Medical school admission success! / by Stanley Zaslau.
Freeport, NY : FMSG Pub. Co., c1995.
Medical school professors reveal The science and art of living a longer and healthier life / by Carl E. Bartecchi and Robert W. Schrier ; foreword by Richard D. Lamm.
Durant, OK : EMIS, c1997.
Spine ti.: The science and art of living a longer and healthier life.
Copyrights records by Schrier, Robert W.
Copyrights records by Lamm, Richard D.
Medical school financing and research : problems and policy options / R. Glenn Hubbard.
Washington, DC : AEI Press, 1998.
Medical school, college premed, high school : general resource referral guide made easy for students and parents / by Michael Reth.
Medical school is murder : a Ben Candidi mystery / Dirk Wyle.
Miami : Rainbow Books, c2001.
Medical school socialization for death and dying.
entire text: Patricia Greene Ruopp.
Medical school in the university of hard knocks for parents of pre-schoolers / by Donald B. Gibson.
Cleveland, TN : Ivy League Media, c2004.
Cover ti.: Ivy League Media presents Medical school in the university of hard knocks for parents of pre-schoolers.
Medical school test construction and analysis : a method for instructional improvement / by Jane Sachar and E. Roger Marchand.
co-author of entire text: The Regents of the University of California, employer for hire of E. Roger Marchand & Jane Sachar.
Copyrights records by Regents of the University of California.
Medical school muscle : the ultimate workout for getting in! : Straight talk on medical school admissions / John Zebala, Dan Jones.
Medical school muscle : the ultimate workout for getting in!
Medical school admission from high school : the college applicants guide to medical school early admission programs.
Medical school, semester one : e-Book format.
Annotation on appl. states deposit contains text & compilation.


text:
Objective Game Reviews
Category Archives: PlayStation
10, PC, PlayStation, Reviews, Strategy
5 February 2014 Objective Game Reviews
Genre | Turn Based and Real Time Strategy
Developer | Mythos Games and MicroProse
Platforms | PC, PlayStation
Website | http://www.xcomufo.com/
X-COM: UFO Defense is a strategy game in which the player takes control of the eponymous X-COM organization in an effort to defend Earth from an alien invasion. The player manages the organization in real time by setting up bases, sending out planes to shoot down the eponymous UFOs, and conducting research and manufacturing. The player also controls X-COM's soldiers in turn based battles at the sites of crashed and landed UFOs.
Continue reading X-COM: UFO Defense Review →
9.5, PC, PlayStation, PS3, Reviews, RPG
Final Fantasy VII Review
20 January 2014 Objective Game Reviews
Genre | RPG
Developer | Square
Platforms | PlayStation, PlayStation 3, PC
Website | http://www.finalfantasyviipc.com
Final Fantasy VII is an RPG wherein the player controls a mercenary and the friends that he meets while he travels the world searching for Sephiroth, a man with whom the player's character shares a connection that is revealed over the course of the game. Along the way, the party is beset by mutated creatures, wrestles with personal demons, and fights against the ShinRa Electric Energy Company that acts as a de facto worldwide government.
Continue reading Final Fantasy VII Review →
Game reviews that are fact, not opinion
Site Index Select Category Features (3) Subjective Reviewer of the Month (3) Platforms (98) Android (4) Gamecube (1) iOS (9) Linux (35) OSX (57) Ouya (2) PC (94) PlayStation (2) PlayStation 2 (1) PS3 (27) PS4 (3) Vita (3) Wii U (5) XBOX (2) XBOX 360 (28) XBOX One (3) Reviews (99) Action (11) Adventure (20) Art (16) Fighting (1) Interactive Fiction (22) Platformer (11) Puzzle (17) Roguelike (6) RPG (10) Shmup (1) Shooter (34) Sim (4) Stealth (1) Strategy (7) Score (99) 10 (10) 5 (1) 5.5 (2) 6 (1) 6.5 (3) 7.5 (10) 8 (16) 8.5 (20) 9 (27) 9.5 (9) Uncategorized (1)
Reviews by Platform
© 2014 Objective Game Reviews


text:
When his mum is sent back to prison, Al knows exactly who's to blame. Mr Brayker from downstairs has been making trouble for Al's mum ever since they moved in. Al is determined to get his revenge with a plan that involves the only two creatures he can rely on: his pet rats, Venom and Vulture. But things don't turn out exactly as he'd imagined ...
Author Patrice Lawrence
When his mum is sent back to prison, Al knows exactly who's to blame. Mr Brayker, who lives downstairs, has been making trouble for Al's mum ever since they moved in, and Al's determined to get his revenge. Ignoring advice from his gran and sister, Plum, Al takes things into his own hands with a plan that involves the only two creatures he can rely on: his pet rats, Venom and Vulture. But things don't turn out exactly as he'd imagined ...
Written by award-winning author, Patrice Lawrence, this is a moving story of community, loneliness, and how you never quite know what's going on in someone else's life.


text:
Puigcerdà receives Barça
Double game this weekend for both Nordic Vikings as for CH Jaca in a day where the new confrontation between Puigcerdà and Barça.
LNHH LOTTERIES
SH MAJADAHONDA – NORDIC VIKINGS (Friday 3, 10:00 p.m.)
New match between the two teams that are sharing the court The fridge of Majadahonda. SH Majadahonda after his last two victories he has resumed the good competitive rhythm that he lost for a few weeks and needs to win to continue his fight for a playoff berth.
Nordic Vikings has also achieved important victories recently and made the Barça until extra time in their last match. He faces the first of his matches this weekend at an increasing level of play.
CH HUARTE – CHH TXURI URDIN (Saturday 4, 2:45 p.m.)
Despite some great results CH Huarte not quite hooked on the lead group, while CHH Txuri Urdin he is still in the fight for fourth place but in a very irregular way.
The match between both teams promises to be very matched and it could determine if either of the two teams already says goodbye to their options permanently.
CG PUIGCERDÀ – BARÇA HG (Saturday 4, 9:30 p.m.)
Intense duel between the leader of the league, CG Puigcerdà, and the current champion of the LNHH Lotteries, Barça HG, with favoritism for the first by the classification table and the sensations in the ice.
CG Puigcerdà He did his job in the preseason, signed some great foreign players and thereby mitigated the losses of the retiring veterans. At Barça HG They have lost scoring effectiveness and it is difficult for them to get the games out although they will fight for the first places.
CH JACA – MILENIO PANTHERS (Saturday 4, 9:30 p.m.)
First game of the weekend of a CH Jaca that he will try to defend his second place between now and the end of the regular season.
The match before Millennium Panthers It seems appropriate to add the three points for another week and maintain the differences.
CH JACA – NORDIC VIKINGS (Saturday 6, 9:30 p.m.)
On monday night CH Jaca will take advantage of the feast of the Constitution to face a Nordic Vikings growing.
The trip and the greater irregularity of the group of Swedish origin make favorites to the Aragonese to also add in this meeting.
IBERDROLA FEMALE ICE HOCKEY LEAGUE
VALKYRIAS ALHAMBRA – CH HUARTE (Saturday 4, 10:00 p.m.)
Duel between both teams that have not won a game yet. Impresses that CH Huarte they would start as favorites but when playing at home it could be that Valkyrias Alhambra they will give the first joy to their fans.
CH JACA – MILENIO PANTHERS (Sunday 5, 1:30 p.m.)
Direct duel between two teams fighting to get into the top four with an advantage of CH Jaca, by game in addition to acting as locals, in front of the Millennium Panthers.
CG PUIGCERDÀ – CHIMERAS VALDEMORO (Sunday 5, 3:00 p.m.)
And a couple of hours later the third, CG Puigcerdà, and fourth of the league will play an even match reissuing the one played two weeks ago between both teams in Madrid, which ended with the victory in extra time of Chimeras Valdemoro.
The most complicated scene of Belén Rueda with a dog that cannot be seen: «It is very aggressive»
'Dragon Ball': The creator has the perfect actor to be Goku (but it's impossible)


Web browser made by Apple for the Mac.
Easy-to-use open source Web browser by Google Inc.
Quickly browse the web without slowing down your Mac.
The Opera browser offers a personalized, fast, and secure navigation experience.
A feature rich web browser that is fast, functional and flexible.
Mega Sync Client allows you to sync your computer with your Mega cloud drive.
Read, Organize and Archive electronic mail and newsletters.
Google Notifier keeps you up to date with notifications of new mail and events.
Easy-to-use tool for managing e-mail accounts.
New mail client designed for Yosemite.
This program is an email client developed for Mac.
Comprehensive and free suite of business applications.
Very nice open-source productivity suite.
It is a set of visualization products and document exchange technologies.
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View, edit, convert, and print PDF documents on your Mac.
Read, annotate, share, and convert your PDF documents.
This app helps you create, edit, and convert PDF files.
The primary download link for this listing is the native build.
Easy-to-use application designed for creating and editing vectors.
A program for generating HDR pictures on your Mac.
Its awsome for manga and anime images as well as other photo editing.
Powerful compression tool with many integrated additional functions.
FDM allows you to download files up to 10 times faster.
Free BitTorrent client for the Mac.
BitTorrent client, content downloader, and video player all-in-one.
Light and reliable peer-to-peer client for sharing information.
Open-source download manager written in Java.
Send instant messages, share files, and hold video conferences.
Communication app that lets you enjoy free messages and voice calls anytime.
Send messages, exchange files, and make voice and video calls.
Messenger app based on the MTProto protocol.
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Simple yet helpful music players designed for Macs.
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Play your favorite movies and music, preview images, etc.
It is a free software program that works as a media player.
Mac Informer shows updates for all of your installed applications.
One of the most popular instant messaging tools in the world.
It's the fastest and most elegant tool that allows you to download files from the Internet up to 10 times faster.
With Mountain Lion, the Game Center social gaming network is now on the Mac, so you can enjoy games with friends who have a Mac, iPhone, iPad or iPod touch.
The Maps app lets you use every pixel of your display to explore new destinations, and it takes full advantage of the graphics power of your Mac.
Microsoft Office is a commercial office suite, consisting of a number of interrelated applications and services.


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The European College of Orthodontics is made up of many member categories: student members, affiliated members, full members, associated and senior members.
Only the affiliated and full members are actively employed as orthodontists.
Associate members are active practitioners in complementary disciplines, but are not orthodontists.
Student members are in the process of specialization and are not yet active in the work force as orthodontists.
Senior members have ceased their professional activity.


Combine water and potato flakes.
Add matzoh meal, egg, salt and knead with hands into a dough.
Roll into 3/4"-inch thick ropes, then cut into about 1/2" pieces.
Don't boil until the sauce is ready.
Add gently to the boiling water. Wait for them all to float, then boil another minute or so. Add to sauce along with a half-cup of the starchy water.
Melt the butter, allow to brown on low heat.
Add the mushroom, turn up the heat a bit to brown.
Add the basil and milk, let the milk simmer a couple minutes to thicken.
Gently fold in the gnocchi with a half-cup of pasta water.
Add the parmesan, parsley, pine nuts and truffle oil.
Other notes: was this something a Roman would be proud to serve? No, it was a little dense and coarse, but for a passover meal, it was fantastic. Yes, pine nuts are OK, they're not kitnyot.
These sound very good. Thanks for posting this.
Potato flakes? My imaginary Italian grandmother would be spinning in her imaginary grave. Since most of the labor comes in after the potatoes are cooked, not that hard to do with real potato. I have a cousin with Celiac and you can find Passover friendly recipes with potato starch and almond flour subbing for Matza Meal. I haven't made it in a couple of years because our Seders draw a crowd and it gets really time-consuming in volume. But always yummy.
spinynorman99 wrote: Potato flakes? My imaginary Italian grandmother would be spinning in her imaginary grave. Since most of the labor comes in after the potatoes are cooked, not that hard to do with real potato. I have a cousin with Celiac and you can find Passover friendly recipes with potato starch and almond flour subbing for Matza Meal. I haven't made it in a couple of years because our Seders draw a crowd and it gets really time-consuming in volume. But always yummy.
I hear you, and if I had a potato in the house, I'd have used it. But it was really more a matter of time than effort: I got dinner on the table probably 20 minutes faster.
For some reason, I've always got a partial box of potato flakes. They really only get used for potato blintzes, not even once a year.
But to be honest, they make a decent mashed potato. It's smoooooother than I like my mash, but if you use butter and milk, they taste pretty darn good.
JoelF wrote: But to be honest, they make a decent mashed potato. It's smoooooother than I like my mash, but if you use butter and milk, they taste pretty darn good.
I have been known to make a bowl of instant potatoes topped by instant gravy on occasion (okay, it's been many years and my wife would kill me for the committing this carb-dinal sin these days, but it was a comfort food of my youth).
I agree that a box of Hungry Jack potato flakes is well worth keeping around.


WAKE COUNTY, NC (WTVD) -- The Wake County Board of Education announced Tuesday evening the appointment of Dr. Del Burns as interim superintendent of the Wake County Public School System.
Dr. Burns will take office on February 1st. By the end of Dr. Burns' interim contract on June 30th, the Board hopes to have found a permanent replacement for outgoing superintendent Dr. Jim Merrill, who is retiring January 31.
Dr. Burns, who previously served as superintendent of WCPSS from 2006-2010, returns to guide the helm of the largest school system in the state throughout this transition of leadership.
He's a familiar face to many in Wake County, as he spent the vast majority of his long and successful education career in WCPSS as a special education teacher, assistant principal, principal, associate superintendent, deputy superintendent, and ultimately superintendent.
Since leaving WCPSS in 2010, he has started and run his own educational consulting firm, Burns Alliance, which provides coaching, mentoring, and training for administrators in a variety of districts across several states.
He has also served as an interim superintendent for several North Carolina school systems including the Alamance-Burlington School System, Edgecombe County Schools, Orange County Schools, and currently the Bertie County Schools.
The Board felt that Dr. Burns' 40-plus years of experience in education, track record of success in multiple roles and districts, and familiarity with WCPSS and the Wake County community would suit him perfectly to the interim position.
The Board is confident that he will continue to implement the district's vision and build upon the progress of the current administration.
"The Wake County Public School System is highly respected across our state and nation. It is an honor to return and serve as interim superintendent during this period of transition. I look forward to working with the Board of Education and the dedicated employees who teach or support those who teach students every day."