text:
فيلم All Saints
All Saints is a movie starring John Corbett, Cara Buono, and Myles Moore. When a group of Burmese refugees join the congregation, the pastor of a failing Anglican church attempts to aid them by planting crops and enlisting the help...
L'église All Saints, オール・セインツ 幸せのはじまり, Tüm Azizler
Steve Gomer
Steve Armour
Cara Buono, John Corbett, Myles Moore, Barry Corbin
ALL SAINTS is based on the inspiring true story of salesman-turned-pastor Michael Spurlock (John Corbett), the tiny church he was ordered to shut down, and a group of refugees from Southeast Asia. Together, they risked everything to plant seeds for a future that might just save them all.
Comments about drama «All Saints» (31)
Lisa Lynch
The cast is so good. It's a true tale of the Christian faith in the Middle Ages. It's an excellent movie. If you are looking for a movie that's great, this is it.
Judith Marshall
This movie is the best movie I have ever seen. It was really good and well done. I have not seen the movie before but the acting was great. I have never seen a movie that is so good to me. The acting was good and the plot was good. I give this movie a 10 out of 10. If you want to see a good movie you have to see this movie. I am sure you will love it.
Evelyn J.
This is a very very good movie. It is one of the most brilliant and emotionally powerful movies I've ever seen. It has one of the most perfect endings I've ever seen in a movie. The way it ends is very powerful. It also has one of the best cinematography I've ever seen in a movie. I'd also recommend that you watch it on your own. It is one of those movies that you have to watch alone because it is very difficult to watch on a large screen. You'll want to watch it in a large screen because of the way it's shot and the way it's shot. This is a movie that you can watch with your whole family. If you like movies that are all about love, life, death and God, this is the movie for you. I've already seen this movie twice and I will be watching it a third time soon.
Carol Evans
this film is a masterpiece,and a brilliant study of the human condition.the special effects are mind blowing. i think that the actors did a wonderful job in portraying their characters, the rest of the crew did a superb job in putting this film together. i will not spoil the ending, because i know that it will be a shock to many people, but i will just say that i was moved to tears. the film touches on many things that people should know about, such as adultery, the pain of separation and, in particular, the tragedy of the wife's loss of a child. the film is not so much a drama as it is a study of a relationship between two people who are no longer in love with one another. the ending is what brings closure to the film, and i think that it is the best ending i have ever seen in a film. i believe that this film is an amazing work of art. i have watched it many times, and it never gets old.i have recommended this film to everyone i know, and i do believe that this film should be viewed by everyone.
Melissa P.
This is a very rare and sad movie. The story is based on the life of a young couple who lived in New York during World War II. The couple left the city for the mainland, but the wife was raped and murdered by a German soldier, and her son was adopted by the Jewish people in New York. The woman and the boy are now orphans. The older son, the "new" Jewish son, has a different history and hopes to be a lawyer. The two women in this story are the one who love the other and the man who is trying to help the younger son. The movie has many dramatic and emotional scenes, but in the end, the viewer can't help but feel sorry for the Jewish couple. The love they had for each other is something that will stay with them for the rest of their lives. I have a special fondness for the movie because it tells a great story of hope and love. I strongly recommend this movie to everyone who has a heart.
Debra Wallace
This movie is truly outstanding. It was so good that I watched it several times. The character development is outstanding. You don't know what to expect next, but you never get bored. The acting is great, the story is brilliant. I really don't want to give away the story so I will not say it, but it's quite amazing. The only thing that I didn't like was the editing. The ending was a little off, but it's still an outstanding movie. I give this movie a 10/10!
I thought this was one of the best movies I have seen in a long time. The acting was superb, the music was great, and the story was superb. I was so shocked by the ending. I think it was one of the best endings I have seen in a long time. The story of these two brothers and how they were separated at a young age was excellent. I have seen it five times and I still can't get enough of it. I loved it. 10/10
Terry Campbell
I'm a big fan of Paul Naschy's music, and I loved this movie. Naschy has always been a great musician, and this movie shows how great he can be. Naschy is a man who has so much talent, and this movie shows it. I really enjoyed this movie. I thought it was well done, and I loved how Naschy sings, and the cinematography was great. Naschy's voice is really good, and I thought the songs were really good, and it's nice to see him in a different kind of role. Naschy was very good in this movie. If you haven't seen it, I strongly suggest you do. It's a very good movie.
Daniel L.
Went to see this movie at the cinema with my son. We both loved it and are still talking about it. It is not a western, but an Asian art film. The main character is a young girl and the main actor was born in the 1930s. The film is shot in black and white and the music is beautiful and melancholic. It is one of the best films I have ever seen. I was so moved by the beauty of it. My son was really surprised by the way the movie was shot. He couldn't get used to the black and white cinematography. He just couldn't get used to it. I thought it was really well done and so much better than any film I have ever seen. It is also so much better than the "dubious" Oscars. The only way it could win an Oscar is if it had been a western and it was a good film. This film is brilliant and it deserves to win. It is a must see film. I would highly recommend it. It is really very well made and you won't regret going to see it.
Edward Banks
I have seen this movie more times than I can count. This movie is the best movie I have seen in a long time. I think that the story of this movie is very well written. The movie is very well acted. The plot of the movie is very good. The only thing I don't understand is the ending. I understand that the movie doesn't end with a happy ending. But it just doesn't seem like that. I would recommend this movie to everyone, because it is one of the best movies I have ever seen. I think that this movie is worth watching and I think that it is one of the best movies of all time.
Kathy Cook
This film is a wonderful film to watch. The actors play their roles perfectly. The story of this film is so heart warming and the way the actors portray their characters. I really enjoyed this film and recommend it to everyone to see. The only part that disappointed me was that they were on the bus for a while and I thought that it would have been better if they had stayed on the bus and seen the scene that they were in on the bus. All in all a great film that I recommend everyone to watch.
Kevin L.
There is a tendency in films to sacrifice plot for sensationalism. Some films are concerned solely with establishing their characters, while others care little for the audience, or the characters themselves. This film was more concerned with its characters than for the plot. That being said, the plot is superbly done. This film was one of those films that I found myself engaged throughout. I was never bored. I found the film to be engaging in every aspect. The cinematography was good, the acting was superb, and the story was engrossing. There were times when I found myself thinking "what's going on?" But I was always captivated by the story, and was never bored. The director was able to draw me into the story, and it was obvious that he was not concerned with the plot, or the characters. He was concerned only with the plot. This film is a must see. I hope that more people will see it.
The film was excellent. The cinematography and background music was excellent. The characters were very believable. I am a very big fan of Michael Shannon, and I think he was brilliant in this film. He really did a fantastic job of playing the role of the older brother. I thought his role was the best in the film, and I think that the rest of the cast did a great job as well. The whole cast was great, and I really enjoyed watching this movie. I would recommend this film to anyone who is looking for a good drama with a great plot. I am going to watch it again because I haven't seen it in a while. The ending was very good, and I thought that it was very emotional. I think that this movie is a very good movie and I am very happy to have seen it. I will definitely watch it again and I am really looking forward to seeing it again.
Julia Cook
Although I have seen the movie several times now, I never saw the original version of this movie. When I saw it first, I thought it was a complete waste of time. Then I saw it again and I realized how good it really was. I think the story is great and the acting is great. I also think that if you're a big fan of the original you'll enjoy this version more. I liked it even better than the original because it is more of a love story. If you're a fan of the original, you'll like this version too. I thought this movie was amazing and I hope that other people will enjoy it as well.
A decade after his classic "Thirteen Days" - an even more brilliant movie about war, death, and all things human - "Thirteen Days" director Lars Von Trier finally made another film that really deserves the hype and awards it received. "13 Days" is a thriller about a young woman, played by Charlotte Gainsbourg, who witnesses her friend being gunned down by a military police officer, played by Tom Hardy. Gainsbourg and Hardy make a strange pair, and their friendship is a powerful and tragic aspect of the film. The violence in "Thirteen Days" is sometimes hard to watch, but it is very effective and shocking in its subtlety. Von Trier seems to have a different focus on this film than he did in his previous works, and he shows a great deal of skill and confidence in the direction of the movie. The film is set in France, and there are no obvious connections to the American war movies that have come out since then. This is a much better film than the notorious "Tape", and I think it should have been nominated for the Oscars. "13 Days" is a work of genius, a must see for any Von Trier fan.
Jason H.
The movie was good, i liked it a lot. If u have seen the movie you know what i mean. i would recommend this movie to everyone who has seen the movie. it was good. It was a great movie, it was an adventure. For me it was a 10/10.
The first scene of this movie is absolutely one of the best I've ever seen. It was so scary, the director and actor did a great job and it's really creepy. I will never forget that scene. If you haven't seen this movie, go rent it now!
Kathleen O.
Saturday, 18 Apr 2020 10:32
I saw the movie at the BFI London Film Festival and the audience was in stitches. The movie is a truly wonderful and moving portrayal of a pivotal period in Irish history. It was a pleasure to see this film again and was delighted that it was screened at the prestigious festival. As well as being an excellent representation of the period, the cinematography and score are beautiful. The cast is superb and very well chosen. Although I was not at all familiar with the source material, I have read that this movie is based on a play, so I do not feel like I am watching a film adaptation. This is a movie that has been handled very well. I was pleasantly surprised by how well this movie was done. I was impressed by how much Irish history is represented and the way in which it was done in a way that is very engaging and engaging. I am a bit sad that it is not available on DVD. However, I can see how it might not appeal to everyone. The Irish setting and the portrayal of the social climate of that period is superbly done. This is one movie that I will be sure to purchase.
Cheryl Bates
Friday, 17 Apr 2020 14:50
I love this movie. It's just a good movie. Like many, I was hesitant to see this movie because I had heard so much about it. However, I loved the movie and it was a great story. The acting was superb, especially by the cast. I recommend this movie to everyone. 10/10.
Olivia S.
I went into this movie expecting a good movie, but I wasn't disappointed. It was very well written, acted, and shot. I felt like I was a part of the story. I was very impressed with the story and the actors, and I can't wait to see what the future holds for this great film. I recommend this movie to anyone who enjoys a good story. I give this movie an 8 out of 10.
I have to say that I enjoyed this film more than I expected to. The story was somewhat predictable, but not completely. The acting was decent, and the cinematography was great. I would definitely recommend this film. I give it a B+
This is a movie that I'm sure will not be liked by everyone. However, I think that many people will like it because of the way it is presented. It is a movie that shows the reality of life in the prison system. It shows the truth about what happens behind bars and how people in prison can feel and think. This is not a movie for everyone. If you have a problem with violence, or if you are sensitive to the real story of prison life, then you may not like this movie. However, if you like a movie that shows a realistic look at what happens behind bars, then you will enjoy this movie. I think that this is a movie that should be watched by all. I give it an 8 out of 10.
Sunday, 29 Mar 2020 15:46
I'm not a big fan of Clint Eastwood but I love his films and this one is no exception. The story is well told and the characters are well developed. There is a wonderful mixture of character traits and emotions and the film is well paced and maintains a high level of tension throughout. It is also a well made film with great cinematography and good acting. The only fault I can find with this film is that the ending is not as satisfying as it should be. There are some good scenes that don't get the ending they deserve but I think the film could have ended on a more satisfying note. I'm still glad I watched this film and I'm sure you will too.
Heather Sullivan
There are moments in this film when you think you know what's going to happen, and then it surprises you. But there are moments when you're like "What??" And I think that's what makes this movie so great. I feel this film doesn't take itself too seriously, and I can't think of another film that's done that for as long as this one has. In fact, I'm going to go out and buy it. (Sorry, I just want to get this off my chest. See, this film is great.) The cast is fantastic. Meryl Streep gives a performance that could make you cringe, and it's not only her, but also the other actors are great. John Cusack gives a performance that is brilliant, and I also feel he deserves an Oscar. The supporting cast is good, and they do a great job. The direction is really good, and it helps to set the mood for the film. Overall, this is one of the best films I've seen in a while, and I highly recommend it. It's not a perfect film, but it's great, and I can't think of another film that's done that for as long as this one has. I can't recommend it enough. 10/10.
A real gem of a movie, how can one possibly go wrong with this? I just can't imagine what this director had to go through to make this movie. It's just a stunning film. I can't put it into words. The acting is superb and the storyline is just as well done as the other movie. All the actors do a wonderful job. It's not a story that I would have wanted to see a second time. This is definitely one of my favorite films of all time. If you are looking for a great film to watch, I highly recommend this. It's a must see for all movie lovers. Go see it now!
I have seen this movie on the stage and I loved it. I think it was an excellent play and I have never seen the play before. I would recommend it to anyone who wants to see a great play. I also recommend that you read the book, it is more realistic and is more in line with the play.
The film is about the Catholic church and how it is used to justify, and sometimes even support, the killing of civilians in the name of religion. The film's main character is played by Anil Kapoor and it's a bit difficult to follow him as he speaks with a thick Indian accent. The film is a bit slow in the beginning and the violence is very graphic. However, once the violence starts to escalate and the main character is driven mad, it becomes a great film. I also enjoyed the fact that the film is not an anti-religious film, and it's more of an anti-church film. I highly recommend this film to anyone who wants to learn more about the Catholic church.
After the success of 'Saving Private Ryan' the war in Vietnam is a matter of public record. The Americans have won and the Vietnamese have lost. The movie 'Abandon' is based on the same facts. The movie is about the last two days of the life of a young Vietnamese man who was captured by the Americans. He is sent to a prison camp where he is forced to fight the Viet Cong. He is a good soldier and is determined to fight. But the prison camp is run by a ruthless dictator. The film is a drama and a commentary on the Vietnam War. The film is very well made and the acting is excellent. The movie is not a war movie, but a commentary on the war. The movie is very well done and it is a good movie.
I remember watching this film when I was a kid. I've seen it a few times since, and I've come to appreciate it a lot more. The story is a pretty good one, and it's a pretty good film to watch. It's not just a simple love story. It's a story of growing up in a small town and dealing with the issues that come with growing up. It's about a boy named James who's being bullied by his peers. He's also dealing with a serious case of cancer. It's a pretty good film to watch, and I recommend it to anyone who's interested in this subject.
I thought this movie was very good. The story was interesting and the actors were great. The best part of the movie was the ending. I loved it. I would definitely recommend this movie to anyone who wants to see a good movie.
I am not a fan of the genre of black comedy, I usually prefer more of a serious drama. But I had to watch this film because it was a bit of a surprise. The story was very interesting and very well developed, I liked the way it was told. The story of the film is about a young boy who has been born in a religious orphanage, he has never been able to understand the meaning of his own existence and the world around him. He is bored and he is sad and he is lonely. The film is about the journey he has to take to find out what he wants to know and to find a purpose in his life. The film is about how he tries to find a meaning in his life, what he wants to know and how he tries to find the meaning in his life. The film is very interesting, the way the story is told is very good. I recommend this film to anyone who is interested in film and to people who are interested in religion. I think this film is one of the best films I have seen this year. I recommend this film to everyone. 8/10
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Disciplined Agile is a process decision framework for delivering sophisticated agile solutions in the enterprise. It builds on the existing proven practices from agile methods such as Scrum, Extreme Programming (XP), Lean software development, Unified Process, and Agile Modeling to include other aspects necessary for success in the enterprise. DAD fills in the gaps left by mainstream methods by providing guidance on how to effectively plan and kickstart complex projects as well as how to apply a full lifecycle approach, with lightweight milestones, effective metrics, and agile governance.
This three-day workshop is not technical and is suitable for all team members. Many group exercises reinforce the principles learned. The workshop is also valuable for management tasked with moving from traditional approaches to agile.
Summarizing the Workshop: A Retrospective.
Senior IT Management who want to gain a deep understanding of how to take a disciplined approach to agile solution delivery.


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During their Zenmuse X7 event in Hollywood, CA on October 11, 2017, DJI announced four new prime lenses clearly aimed at the professional photographer or filmmaker. The widest angle lens is a DL-S 16mm F2.8 ND ASPH lens with a built-in 4 stop ND filter, to allow for wide-open shooting during daylight to achieve cinematic shallow depth-of-field footage. The 16mm lens is the only one of the four prime lenses, that does not have a leaf shutter. Any filter with a diameter of 46 mm that weighs 10-12 grams and is no thicker than 4.4 mm can be used with Zenmuse X7 lenses, according to DJI. When taking stills, the focal length multiplier is 1.5m turning the 16mm lens into a 24mm lens.
DJI designed all four lenses from the ground up to manufacture the lightest possible and most robust carbon-fiber body lenses without any external moving parts for optimal aerial performance. All four prime lenses have roughly same weight and the same dimensions to eliminate the need to rebalance the gimbal when switching out lenses.
Taking advantage of new FSI-Cu technology, the X7's sensor features thinner interconnection, allowing light to reach the sensing area via a larger incident angle for increased photosensitivity. This combined with the newly designed DL-mount (diameter: 58mm), enabled DJI to reduce the flange focal distance to 16,84mm roughly 1/3 of the size of a typical 52mm PL-Mount. The compact mount and lens design means that the combined weight of the 16mm lens and Zenmuse X7 camera is only about 630 grams. Together with the Inspire 2 the total weight is around 4 kilograms. DJI claims that this light-weight drone/camera combination can compete with the traditional heavy-weight camera setups weighing as much 40 kilograms.
The aperture, focus, and the 4 stop ND filter can be controlled remotely from within the DJI Go 4 app and the lens is capable of up to 8k video shooting, i.e. it should be future proof. DJI aimed to deliver very high contrast and resolution lens, with edge-to-edge sharpness. A high level of consistency has been achieved in image quality between the different lenses to make post-production easier.
The Zenmuse X7 with the 16mm lens is roughly the same size and weight (170 grams heavier) as the previous X5s and has no noticeable negative impact on the Inspire 2's speed, agility and only a limited reduction of airtime (23 minutes with the X7).
The Zenmuse X7 DL-S 16mm F2.8 ND ASPH Lens is currently for sale at $1,299 directly from DJI. You can also buy all four lenses at once for a reduced price of $4,299. The expected ship date is early November 2017.
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Borborema ist der Name mehrerer Gemeinden in Brasilien:

 Borborema (Paraíba)
 Borborema (São Paulo)

Borborema steht für:
 Planalto da Borborema, Hochebene in Brasilien, bekannt auch als Chapada da Borborema oder  Serra da Borborema

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Valves assist to control the flow of a fluids like for instance liquids, slurries, fluidized gases or regular gases by partially obstructing, opening or even by closing some passageways. Standard valves are pipe fittings but are discussed as a separate category. In cases where an open valve is concerned, fluid flows in a direction from higher to lower pressure.
Valves are used in various applications such as industrial, residential, transport, commercial and military trades. A few of the major trades which rely on valves include the mining, chemical manufacturing, power generation, water reticulation, sewerage and oil and gas sector.
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AD Boivin Design Inc
Track N Go
Parts & Manuals
Track assembly for an all-terrain vehicle (US)
Publication Number: US 2005/0133281 A1
Application Number: US 10/967,245
Filing Date: 19-Oct-2004
US Application Publication
The present invention is concerned with track assemblies for an all-terrain vehicle, which make it maneuverable and effective upon a variety of unstable, uneven, stable and even surfaces, while designed to maintain tension upon the endless track belts to keep them in their due course and prevent accidental loosening while having a punctually localized surface contact with a ground surface, and at the same time reducing the damages inflicted on the terrain.
Inventors/Applicants
Boivin, Denis [+1]
International: B62D 55/00; B62D 55/04
National: 180/9.1; 180/9.26
Continuation of application No. US 10/165,707, filed on 06-Jun-2002, now Pat. No. US 6874586, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. US 10/087,103, filed on 27-Feb-2002, now abandoned.
(Source: IFI)
BOIVIN DENIS [+1]
US 087,103 A 27-Feb-2002 [+2]
International (2006.01): B62D 55/04
Cooperative (2013.01.01): B62D 55/04
European: B62D 55/04
Patent References
US 1117640 A
Combined traction-wheel and track.
Caterpillar-wheel.
Tractor vehicle
Feb-1949
[+2]
US 2003/0159860 A1
Track assembly for an all-terrain vehicle
US 6874586 B2
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/165,707 filed Jun. 6, 2002, now pending, which was a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/087,103 filed Feb. 27, 2002, now abandoned, the specifications of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to all-terrain vehicles. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with track assemblies for an all-terrain vehicle.
Traditionally, two types of all-terrain vehicles are proposed either the wheel type or the tracked type.
Generally, a wheeled vehicle is more maneuverable than a tracked vehicle, but is not as efficient on uneven or soft terrain such as, for example snow.
Tracked all-terrain vehicles have been proposed, which require complicated track assemblies comprising a track frame to maintain the tension of the endless track belt and prevent it from loosening. Furthermore, such vehicles have generally a large contact area with the ground, which results in a decreased maneuverability and an increased impact on the often soft terrain.
Therefore, there is still room for improvements toward an all-terrain vehicle provided with track assemblies, which is maneuverable and effective upon a variety of unstable or uneven surfaces, while designed to maintain tension upon the endless track belts to keep them in their due course and prevent accidental loosening, and at the same time reducing the damages inflicted on the terrain.
An object of the present invention is therefore to provide improved track assemblies for an all-terrain vehicle.
More specifically, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided an all-terrain vehicle comprising at least two track assemblies to support the all-terrain vehicle onto a ground surface, each one of the at least two track assemblies comprising: a longitudinal endless track belt having with an inner surface provided with a plurality of inner lugs and an outer surface provided with a plurality of external lugs; a track driving wheel having a peripheral portion operatively engaged with the endless track belt to drive the endless track belt; at least one inside wheel and at least one outside wheel, each having a peripheral portion in contact with the endless track belt, the endless track belt being wounded around the track driving wheel, the at least one inside wheel, and the at least one outside wheel, the lower peripheral portion of the at least one inside wheel and the at least one outside wheel in contact with the endless track belt being above the lower peripheral portion of the track driving wheel in contact with the endless track belt; a mounting structure to mount the longitudinal endless track belt to the vehicle, the longitudinal endless track belt mounted on the mounting structure defining substantially a scalene triangle; whereby, when the vehicle is disposed on a flat surface only a portion of the endless track bell under the track driving wheel is in contact with the flat surface.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an endless track belt assembly comprising: a track driving wheel having a peripheral portion provided with a plurality of teeth; an endless track belt provided with an inner surface having a plurality of inner lugs and an outer surface having a plurality of external lugs, the inner lugs of the endless track belt operatively engaging the teeth of the track driving wheel; and at least one inside wheel and at least one outside wheel, each having a peripheral portion in contact with the endless track belt, the endless track belt being wounded around the track driving wheel, the at least one inside wheel, and the at least one outside wheel and defining substantially a scalene triangle, the lower portion of the at least one inside wheel and the at least one outside wheel in contact with the endless track belt being above the lower portion of the track driving wheel in contact with the endless track belt.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for mounting an endless track belt on a all-terrain vehicle, comprising the acts of: providing an endless track belt having inner lugs and external lugs; providing a track driving wheel being operatively engaged with the endless track belt; interconnecting the track driving wheel to at least one inside wheel and at least one outside wheel, the at least one inside wheel being mounted closer to the track driving wheel than the at least one outside wheel; tensioning the endless track belt around the track driving wheel, the at least one inside wheel, and the at least one outside wheel, each having a peripheral portion in contact with the endless track belt, the lower peripheral portion of the at least one inside wheel and the at least one outside wheel in contact with the endless track belt being above the lower peripheral portion of the track driving wheel in contact with the endless track belt.
Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the following nonrestrictive description of preferred embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the appended drawings:
FIG. 1. is a side elevational view of an all-terrain vehicle provided with track assemblies according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2. is a side elevational view of the front track assembly of the vehicle of FIG. 1, seen from of the outside of the all-terrain vehicle;
FIG. 3. is a side elevational view of the front track assembly of the vehicle of FIG. 1, seen form the inside of the all-terrain vehicle;
FIG. 4. is a sectional view taken along the line 4–4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5. is an enlarged side view of an outside idler wheel attachment of the track assembly of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6. is a sectional view of a rigid member of the track assembly of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7. is a top plan view of the attachment of the front track assembly of FIG. 1 to the all-terrain vehicle;
FIG. 8. is a side elevational view of a rear track assembly of FIG. 1, seen from the inside of the all-terrain vehicle;
FIG. 9. is a top plan view of the attachment of the rear track assembly of FIG. 1 to the all-terrain vehicle;
FIG. 10. is a sectional view similar to FIG. 4 but illustrating a second type of endless track; and
FIG. 11. is a sectional view similar to FIG. 4 but illustrating a third type of endless track.
It will be noted that throughout the appended drawings, like features are identified by like reference numerals.
A track assembly for an all-terrain vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described in details with reference to the appended drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an all-terrain vehicle 10 comprising a body 12 and four track assemblies (only two shown) according to the present invention arranged in a plane adjacent to each side of the vehicle 10.
There are two identical track assemblies in the front of the all-terrain vehicle 10, of which only one track assembly 14 is visible in FIG. 1, in place of conventional front wheels. Similarly, there are two identical track assemblies, of which only one track assembly 16 is visible in FIG. 1, in place of the conventional rear wheels.
Only the track assemblies 14 and 16 visible in FIG. 1 will be described hereinbelow. Furthermore, as they are symmetrical about a vertical axis 22 when viewed from the outside of the vehicle 10 (see FIG. 1), only the track assemblies 14 will be described hereinbelow. It is also to be noted that the elements as seen from the outside of the vehicle 10 will bear the same numbers in the rear track assembly 16 than the corresponding ones in the front track assembly 14, with a prime.
However, since the attachment of rear and front track assemblies differs as seen from the inside of the vehicles 10, they will be described separately.
The front track assembly 14 is better seen in FIG. 2. It comprises a longitudinal endless track belt 23 and a mounting structure to mount the endless track belt 23 to the vehicle 10. The mounting structure includes a track driving wheel 24, a pair of inside idler wheels 26, a pair of outside idler wheels 28 and supports to interconnect the wheels 24, 26 and 28 as will be described hereinbelow.
The endless track belt 23 is provided with inner lugs 30 on its inner surface 31 and with external lugs 32 on its outer surface 33. It is wounded around the track driving wheel 24 and the idler wheels 28 and 26.
As can be better seen from FIG. 4, the track driving wheel 24 is mounted to a conventional hub 35 of the all-terrain vehicle 10. The wheel 24 includes a first mounting plate 37 mounted to the hub 35 and a second mounting plate 34 mounted to the first plate 37 via four bolt and spacer assemblies 36. A circular disk 38 is mounted to the bolt and spacer assemblies 36 and includes equidistant wide teeth 40 contacting the inner surface 31 of the track 23.
As will be apparent to one skilled in the art, the equidistant teeth 40 are so located as to cooperate with some of the inner lugs 30 of the endless track belt 23. More precisely, as can be better seen from FIG. 2, the teeth 40 are spaced so that the distance between two consecutive teeth 40 spans the distance separating consecutive inner lugs 30 of the endless track belt 23, in a meshing engagement, in such a way as to drive the endless track belt 23.
Each of the inside idler wheels 26 includes a peripheral portion in contact with the internal surface 31 of the track 23. The wheels 26 are interconnected by a spacing element (not shown).
Similarly, each outer idler wheel 28 includes a peripheral portion in contact with the internal surface 31 of the track 23. The wheels 28 are interconnected by a spacing element 42.
The wheels 24, 26 and 28 are interconnected, as seen from the outside of the track assembly 14, by an angled connecting element 44. The angled connecting element 44 has a center portion 46 provided with an aperture 48 in which bearings 50 are mounted. A fastener 52 connects the connecting element 44 to the second plate 34 while allowing the angled connecting element 44 to pivot about the fastener.
The connecting element 44 has a short arm 54 having a free end to which the inside idler wheels 26 are rotatably mounted. The connecting element 44 also has a long arm 56 having a free end to which the inside idler wheels 28 are rotatably mounted as will be further discussed hereinbelow. Referring to FIG. 2, it is seen that the endless track belt 23 is wounded around the wheels 24, 26, and 28 and defines a substantially scalene triangle since the connecting element 44 has a short and a long arms 54, 56. The connecting element 44 is better seen from the top plan view of FIG. 6.
Turning now briefly to FIG. 3 of the appended drawings, as can be seen from the inside of the all-terrain vehicle 10, the idler wheels 26 and 28 of the front track assembly 14 are also directly connected together by an elbowed connection element 58. The inside idler wheels 26 are rotatably mounted to a first end of the elbowed connection element 58 while the outside idler wheels 28 are rotatably mounted to a second end of the elbowed connection element 58.
The rotatable connection of the outside idler wheels 28 to the angle connection element 44 and to the elbowed connection element 58 will now be described with reference to FIG. 5.
As will easily be understood by one skilled in the art upon inspection of FIG. 5, the tension of the endless track belt 23 is adjusted by the connection of the outside idler wheels 28 to the elements 44 and 58. For concision purpose, only the connection of the wheels 28 to the elbowed connection element 58 will be described.
With reference to the enlarged side view of FIG. 5, a tension adjusting assembly according to another aspect of the present invention will be described. As can be seen from this figure, a distal end of the connection element 58 includes a slotted aperture 60 receiving a fastener 62 used to rotatably mount the wheels 28 to the assembly. By sliding the fastener 62 in the aperture 60, it is possible to increase or decrease the tension on the track 23. To adjust and maintain this track tension, a cam element 64, having an outer periphery provided with notches 66 located at different distances from the attachment point of the element 64, is mounted to the fastener 62. By selecting which notch 66 is in contact with a fixed pin 68 of the element 58, a predetermined tension may be maintained. It is to be noted that the cam element 64 is provided with a handle 70 to facilitate the manipulation by a user.
Returning to FIG. 4 of the appended drawings the endless track 23 will be described in greater detail.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the overall profile of the track 23, from one side to the other, i.e. transversely, is generally convex. However, the convex profile of the track 23 is created by a lug arrangement comprising two successive transverse rows of lugs arranged in a staggered relationship.
A first transverse row of lugs contains three lugs 72, 74 and 76 and a second row of lugs contains four lugs 78, 80, 82 and 84. These lugs are symmetrical about a longitudinal axis (not shown).
A first lateral lug 72 of the first row includes three ground-contacting surfaces separated by two indentations. The shape of lateral lug 72 is such that the ground contacting surfaces are generally transversally convex.
A central lug 74 is centered about longitudinal axis and includes two ground-contacting surfaces separated by an indentation. The ground contacting surfaces are symmetrical about the longitudinal axis and are generally transversally convex.
A second lateral lug 76 is a mirror image of lug 72 about the longitudinal axis.
The first and second lateral lugs 72 and 76 are laterally spaced apart from the central lug 74.
In the second transverse row of lugs, a first intermediate lug 80 includes two ground-contacting surfaces separated by an indentation. The ground engaging surfaces are slightly transversally convex.
A first external lug 78 includes two ground-contacting surfaces that are separated by an indentation and are transversally convex.
Finally, the second intermediate lug 82 and the second external lug 84 are respectively mirror images of lugs 80 and 78 with respect to the longitudinal axis. For concision purposes, these lugs will not be further described herein.
Of course, the sequences described hereinabove of the lug arrangement defined by the rows of lugs are repeated onto the entire external surface of the endless track 23.
The endless track belt 23 further includes, for each row of lugs, a stiffening rod 71, made of glass fibers for example. Each stiffening rod 71 is embedded in the material forming the track belt 23 so as to be generally parallel to the inner surface 31 thereof. The rods 71 provide enhanced rigidity to the endless track belt 23. The enhanced rigidity of the track belt 23 has many advantages. For example, it helps the track to provide adequate traction even when the center portion of the track is not in direct contact with the ground, as illustrated in FIG. 4. However, it has been found that this type of traction may be detrimental to the steering of the vehicle in some conditions.
As it is apparent from FIG. 4 the ground contacting surfaces of symmetrical lugs 78 and 84 are not aligned with the outer surfaces of the other lugs to form a continuous profile. Indeed, the ground contacting surfaces of lugs 78 and 84 are more angled and exceed the convex profile defined by the other lugs. This configuration of the outer lugs is advantageous since it further prevents the vehicle from tipping over during sharp turns at high speed when the vehicle 10 is severely tilted.
As mentioned hereinabove, the way the front track assembly 14 is attached to the body 12 of the vehicle 10 differs from the way the rear track assembly 16 is attached to the body 12 of the vehicle 10. These two attachments will be described hereinbelow.
The front track assembly 14 is attached to the body 12 of the vehicle 10 in a fashion shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, while the rear track assembly 16 is attached to the body 12 of the vehicle 10 in a fashion shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
As seen in FIGS. 4 and 7, the front track assembly 14 is mounted to a tubular wheel table 100 of the vehicle 10 by means of a generally triangular plate 102 fastened thereto by a plurality of U-bolts 104, 106, 108 and 110. A rod 112 is connected between the elbowed connection element 58 and a pivot 114 of the tubular wheel table 100. A first end of the rod 112 is attached to the elbowed connection element 58 by means of rubber damping elements 116, in such a way as to allow a vertical movement at this point of the rod 112 in relation to the elbowed connection element 58. A second end of the rod 112 is attached to the pivot 114 of the tubular wheel table 100 by means of an R-clip 120, in such a way as to allow at this point a horizontal movement of the plate 102 holding the tubular wheel table 100 relative to the elbowed connection element 58.
The front track assembly 14 is further attached to the body 12 of the vehicle 10 through a conventional rod 150 of the suspension system of the vehicle 10 and a conventional rod 157 used for direction (see FIG. 4).
As seen in FIGS. 8 and 9, the rear track assembly 16 is mounted to the body 12 of the vehicle 10 by a rod 212. The rod 212 is connected on a first end to the elbowed connection element 58′ by means of a rubber damping attachment 216. It is attached, on a second end, to a tubular chassis 130 of the body 12 of the vehicle 10 by means of a chipping joint 132 fastened thereto by an R-clip 134.
From the above description of the fashion in which the front and rear track assemblies 14 and 16 are mounted to the body 12 of the vehicle 10, in relation to FIGS. 4 and 7, and 8 and 9 respectively, the present invention provides for track assemblies that are easily removed or mounted to the vehicle 10, through using R-clips (120 and 134), which enable disconnecting the track assemblies from the vehicle in a simple manner.
As stated hereinabove, the interior surface 31 of the endless track belt 23 is provided with a plurality of equally spaced lugs 30, which ensure a positive engagement with the teeth 40 provided on the outer circumference of the wheel 24. In operation, the wheel 24 is coupled to a drive shaft, via the hub 30, connected to an engine (not shown), in such a way that the engine drives the wheel 24 in rotation. The wheel 24 thus drives the endless track belt 23 by the meshing engagement of the teeth 40 with the internal lugs 30 of the endless track belt 23.
It is further to be understood that the external lugs 32 on the external circumference surface of the endless track belt 23 respectively exert a positive mechanical connection with the underlying ground surface that contributes to propel the vehicle 10.
FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show sectional views similar to that of FIG. 4 but illustrating variants of an endless track that may be mounted to the track assembly of the present invention.
In FIG. 10, the overall profile of the endless track belt 23a, from one side to the other, i.e. transversely, is generally convex.
The convex profile of the endless track belt 23a is created by the same lug arrangement as that described hereinabove in relation to FIG. 4. In this specific embodiment however, the endless track belt 23a does not include stiffening rods under each row of lugs. Consequently, the rigidity of the endless track belt 23a is less than the rigidity of the endless track belt 23 (FIG. 4) and the profile of the endless track belt 23a conforms itself to the profile of the ground. Since the pressure is more localized in the center of the endless track belt 23a, a more punctually localized contact zone between the endless track belt 23a and the ground 29 is created. In many cases, this punctually localized contact zone makes the vehicle 10 more maneuverable.
Turning now to FIG. 11, a third version of an endless track belt 23b will be described. The endless track belt 23b is wounded around the track driving wheel 24 and the idler wheels 28 and 26, is still provided with inner lugs 30 on its inner surface 31. However, its outer surface is provided with rectangular lugs 86. Since there are no stiffening rods in the endless track belt 23b, the endless track belt 23b is free to conform itself to the ground 29, as seen in FIG. 11. Furthermore, since the pressure is exerted only in the middle of the endless track belt 23b by the wide teeth 40, a punctually localized contact zone between the endless track belt 23b and the ground 29 is created.
As will be apparent to one skilled in the art, the endless track belts 23a has a particularly punctually localized contact surface with the ground 29. Indeed, since it is transversally convex, it generally contacts the ground 29 with a limited surface at any given time when the ground 29 is hard.
Furthermore, since there are no guiding rails for the endless track belts 23, 23a or 23b, the external lugs only exert a pressure on the ground 29, when it is hard, in the vicinity of the wide teeth 40 if the wheel 24. Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 8, it will be seen that the lower peripheral portion of the track driving wheel 24 in contact with the endless track belt 23 is below the lower peripheral portion of the idler wheels 26, 28 in contact with the endless track belt 23. Therefore, on flat ground surfaces, only a punctually localized surface of endless track belt 23, under the track driving wheel; 24, is in contact with ground 29. Even on uneven ground surfaces, the contact surface is reduced since only a portion of the endless track belt 23 is in contact with ground 29. These three combined features improve the maneuverability of the vehicle since it emulates the contact of a conventional tire onto hard ground, given that a shortened length of contact of the endless track with the ground surface reduces the resistance to a turning force.
Of course, one skilled in the art could designed another convex profile of the external lugs of the endless track belts 23 and/or another arrangement of the mounting assembly of the endless track belts 23 to the vehicle 10 to obtain this "one point contact" feature without departing from the spirit and nature of the present invention. For example, one could provide a guiding rail having a convex profile and transversally convex lugs to achieve similar results.
As people in the art will understand, the all-terrain vehicle of the present invention, provided with four endless track assemblies, can be used for a wide range of operations and terrain, while being highly mobile and offering good running performance.
The endless track structure maintains an adequate configuration over a variety of surfaces.
It will be obvious to people skilled in the art that the present invention can be applied both in the case of a two-wheel drive vehicle wherein the power is typically applied only to the rear track belt assemblies and the front track assemblies merely facilitate steering, and in the case of a four-wheel vehicle, wherein power is independently provided to each one of the four track assemblies.
As will be further understood by one skilled in the art, the all-terrain vehicle 10, equipped with track assemblies according to the present invention, may be viewed as a snow vehicle since it may be used on snow as efficiently as conventional snow vehicles such as snowmobiles, for example. However, the one-point contact feature of the present invention allows the use of the all-terrain vehicle on harder surface without the usual drawbacks of tracked vehicles.
Interestingly, the present track assembly system can equip all four wheels of an all-terrain vehicle or only the front or rear wheels thereof, since it only weakly reduces the speed of the vehicle relative to the underground surface.
A further possibility would be to use track assemblies according to the present invention in place of the rear wheels of a vehicle, while mounting skis in place of the front wheels thereof.
Although the present invention has been described hereinabove by way of preferred embodiments thereof, it can be modified, without departing from the spirit and nature of the subject invention as defined in the appended claims.
While illustrated in the block diagrams as groups of discrete components communicating with each other via distinct data signal connections, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the preferred embodiments are provided by a combination of hardware and software components, with some components being implemented by a given function or operation of a hardware or software system, and many of the data paths illustrated being implemented by data communication within a computer application or operating system. The structure illustrated is thus provided for efficiency of teaching the present preferred embodiment.
It should be noted that the present invention can be carried out as a method, can be embodied in a system, a computer readable medium or an electrical or electro-magnetical signal.
The embodiment(s) of the invention described above is(are) intended to be exemplary only. The scope of the invention is therefore intended to be limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.
(Source: USPTO)
1. An all-terrain vehicle comprising at least two track assemblies to support the all-terrain vehicle onto a ground surface, each one of said at least two track assemblies comprising: a longitudinal endless track belt having an inner surface provided with a plurality of inner lugs and an outer surface provided with a plurality of external lugs; a track driving wheel having a peripheral portion operatively engaged with said endless track belt to drive said endless track belt; at least one inside wheel and at least one outside wheel, each having a peripheral portion in contact with said endless track belt, said endless track belt being wounded around said track driving wheel, said at least one inside wheel, and said at least one outside wheel, the lower peripheral portion of said at least one inside wheel and said at least one outside wheel in contact with said endless track belt being above the lower peripheral portion of said track driving wheel in contact with said endless track belt; a mounting structure to mount said longitudinal endless track belt to said vehicle, said longitudinal endless track belt mounted on said mounting structure defining substantially a scalene triangle; whereby, when said vehicle is disposed on a flat surface only a portion of said endless track bell under said track driving wheel is in contact with said flat surface.
2. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said mounting structure comprises at least one interconnecting arm between said track driving wheel and said at least one inside wheel and said at least one outside wheel.
3. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 2, wherein said at least one interconnecting arm comprises an angled connecting element provided with a short arm having a free end to which said at least one inside wheel is rotatably mounted and a long arm having a free end to which said at least one outside wheel is rotatably mounted.
4. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 3, wherein said at least one interconnecting arm further includes an elbowed connection element interconnecting said at least one inside wheel and said at least one outside wheel, whereby said at least one inside wheel is rotatably mounted to a first end of said elbowed connection element while said at least one outside wheel is rotatably mounted to a second end thereof.
5. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said longitudinal endless track belt has an overall transversal profile generally convex.
6. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said longitudinal endless track belt further include at least one transversal stiffening rod.
7. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 6, wherein said stiffening rod includes fiber glass material.
8. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of external lugs form a lug arrangement comprising at least two successive transverse rows of lugs arranged in a staggered relationship.
9. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 8, wherein said lug arrangement comprises a first row of lugs and a second row of lugs, said first row of lugs being arranged in a first sequence comprising a first lateral lug, a central lug and a second lateral lug; said second row of lugs being arranged in a second sequence comprising a first intermediate lug, a first external lug and a second intermediate lug.
10. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, wherein track driving wheel comprises equidistant teeth contacting the inner surface of the endless track belt, said teeth being so located as to cooperate in a meshing engagement with said inner lugs of the endless track belt.
11. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 10, wherein said track driving wheel includes a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate mounted thereto by a bolt and spacer assembly supporting said teeth.
12. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said at least one inside wheel is at least one inside idler wheel.
13. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said at least one outside wheel is at least one outside idler wheel.
14. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said track driving wheel is mounted to a hub of the all-terrain vehicle.
15. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 2, wherein said endless track belt is under a tension that may be adjusted by a tension adjusting assembly mounted to said at least one interconnecting arm.
16. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 15, wherein said tension adjusting assembly includes: a cam element rotatably and slidably mounted to a slotted aperture of said at least one interconnecting arm; and a pin fixedly mounted to said at least one interconnecting arm to contact the cam element; wherein one of said inside and outside wheels is so rotatably mounted to said cam elements as to be moved by a rotation of said cam element, thereby adjusting the tension of said endless track belt.
17. An endless track belt assembly comprising: a track driving wheel having a peripheral portion provided with a plurality of teeth; an endless track belt provided with an inner surface having a plurality of inner lugs and an outer surface having a plurality of external lugs, said inner lugs of said endless track belt operatively engaging said teeth of said track driving wheel; and at least one inside wheel and at least one outside wheel, each having a peripheral portion in contact with said endless track belt, said endless track belt being wounded around said track driving wheel, said at least one inside wheel, and said at least one outside wheel and defining substantially a scalene triangle, the lower portion of said at least one inside wheel and said at least one outside wheel in contact with said endless track belt being above the lower portion of said track driving wheel in contact with said endless track belt.
18. The endless track belt assembly according to claim 17, comprising at least one interconnecting arm between said track driving wheel, said at least one inside wheel and said at least one outside wheel.
19. The endless track belt assembly according to claim 18, wherein said at least one interconnecting arm comprises an angled connecting element provided with a short arm having a free end to which said at least one inside wheel is rotatably mounted and a long arm having a free end to which said at least one outside wheel is rotatably mounted.
20. The endless track belt assembly according to claim 18, wherein said at least one inside wheel and said at least one outside wheel are further connected by an elbowed connection element, whereby said at least one inside wheel is rotatably mounted to a first end of said elbowed connection element while said at least one outside wheel is rotatably mounted to a second end thereof.
21. The endless track belt assembly according to claim 17, wherein said longitudinal endless track belt has an overall transversal profile generally convex.
22. The endless track belt assembly according to claim 17, wherein said longitudinal endless track belt further include at least one transversal stiffening rod.
23. The endless track belt assembly according to claim 22, wherein said stiffening rod includes fiber glass material.
24. The endless track belt assembly according to claim 17, wherein said at least one inside wheel is at least one inside idler wheel.
25. The endless track belt assembly according to claim 17, wherein said at least one outside wheel is at least one outside idler wheel.
26. The endless track belt assembly according to claim 18, wherein said endless track belt is under a tension that may be adjusted by a tension adjusting assembly mounted to said at least one interconnecting arm.
27. The endless track belt assembly according to claim 26, wherein said tension adjusting assembly includes: a cam element rotatably and slidably mounted to a slotted aperture of said at least one interconnecting arm; and a pin fixedly mounted to said at least one interconnecting arm to contact the cam element; wherein one of said inside and outside wheels is so rotatably mounted to said cam elements as to be moved by a rotation of said cam element, thereby adjusting the tension of said endless track belt.
28. A method for mounting an endless track belt on an all-terrain vehicle, comprising the acts of: providing an endless track belt having inner lugs and external lugs; providing a track driving wheel being operatively engaged with said endless track belt; interconnecting said track driving wheel to at least one inside wheel and at least one outside wheel, said at least one inside wheel being mounted closer to said track driving wheel than said at least one outside wheel; tensioning said endless track belt around said track driving wheel, said at least one inside wheel, and said at least one outside wheel, each having a peripheral portion in contact with said endless track belt, the lower peripheral portion of said at least one inside wheel and said at least one outside wheel in contact with said endless track belt being above the lower peripheral portion of said track driving wheel in contact with said endless track belt.
Recreational vehicle (CA) 2
Track assembly for an all-terrain vehicle (US) 2
Track for snow vehicles (CA)
Track unit for snow vehicle (US)
Recreational vehicle (CA)
Track for snow vehicles (US)
Apparatus and kit for coupling a snowmobile suspension (US)
Track for snow vehicles (CA) 2
Track assembly for an all-terrain vehicle (CA)
Position sensitive damper (US)
Rear suspension system for a land vehicle (CA)
Apparatus and kit for coupling a snowmobile suspension (CA)
Track assembly for a motorized vehicle (CA)
Snowmobile suspension system (CA)
Apparatus and kit for coupling a snowmobile suspension (CA) 2
Track assembly for an all-terrain vehicle (CA) 3
Recreational vehicle (US)
Track assembly for a motorized vehicle (US)
Adjustable apparatus and kit for a coupled snowmobile suspension (US)
Adjustable apparatus and kit for a coupled snowmobile suspension (CA)
Recreational vehicle (US) 2
Snowmobile suspension system (US)
Rear suspension system for a land vehicle (US)
Copyright 2019 © AD Boivin Design Inc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: method return types I'm new to C# and I'm trying to figure out the best way to test if a method returns correctly, ie; did the method get the information I wanted.
It's the types that are making this difficult. Is there a way that I can sometimes return bool and sometimes return something else?
In PHP I would create my function like this
function myFunc(){
    //Do Stuff
    if(/*whatever*/) return (string) "abcdefg";
    return false; //otherwise it will just return false
}

Then call it like this to test if it worked or not
if(!$var=myFunc()) die("It Didn't Work");
echo $var;

But with C#, my function has to return a specified type, not a string or bool false if it didn't work out.
If in C# I have a method that returns IntPtr I could have it return (IntPtr) 0 instead of false, but this is messy and there's probably a better way of doing it.
Any Ideas? What's the standard and usual way of doing this in C#?

A: There are typically two approaches here:

*

*Use Exceptions

*Use the TryXXX approach.

The appropriate method depends on what this is doing.  If the "false" case is really something that's exceptional and not the norm, raising an exception is an appropriate way of handling it.
If, however, you're doing something like parsing user input, where its common that you'll "fail", using the TryXXX approach is a good example.  This would look like:
bool TryMyFunc(out string result)
{
     if (...)
     {
         result = "abcdefg";
         return true;
     }

     result = string.Empty;
     return false;
}

This is how Int32.TryParse works in the framework, for example.

A: You can always return null.
string Foo()
{
    if (!success) return null;
    return "abcd";
}

You then check the call like that:
var tmp = Foo();
if (tmp == null) return -1;
// tmp is a string so do your work

The null return will only work with object, unfortunately you can't do that with an int. In that case throw an exception or use a nullable int:
int? Bar()

A: In your example I would return null from your function in C#:
public string myFunc(){
    //Do Stuff
    if(/*whatever*/) return "abcdefg";
    return null;
}

And then in your calling code:
string myVar = myFunc();

if(null != myVar)
{
    throw new Exception();
}

Console.WriteLine(myVar);

It should be noted though that any time you throw exceptions for non-exceptional circumstances (meaning, if your call to myFunc could, in reasonable usage, return null) you will take a serious performance hit. It takes a long time to generate an exception, so it's generally better to avoid them, perhaps by using a pre-requisite check before even calling myFunc.
In circumstances where you're dealing with non-nullable value types, C# has a concept called Nullable Types.

A: If your Intention is how to return types you can use Tuple<>
public Tuple<string,bool> myFunc()
{
    //Do Stuff
    if(/*whatever*/) return (string) new Tuple<string,bool>("abcdefg",true);
    return new Tuple<string,bool>(null,false);
}

A: Use Exception based programming:
public string Blah()
{
    if (whatever)
    {
        return "abcdefg";
    }
    throw new Exception("Something went wrong");
}

Or you could return null or string.Empty

A: Personally, I prefer use null.
public string foo()
{
    if (whatever)
    {
        return "abc";
    }

    return null;
}

and Then:
 if(foo() != null)
  {
    //do something
  }
  else
  {
   // *It Didn't Work*
  }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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This post would have been hours earlier, but we ended up in an hour long conversation in Fashion Emergency, that provided some interesting insight into how Marketplace works. CronoCloud should be following it up with a post that will provide information that may be helpful to stores that list there, so look out for that in days to come.
This months Collabor88 has the theme 'Trending' which has a metalic and emerald green base to it. I found it interesting when Pantone announced Emerald as the colour of 2013 in the last months of last year, and as someone that really does enjoy great greens, I was pleased. The metalic blend and emerald green of the palette for the event has created somewhat of a Wizard of Oz feeling, and the adorable TinMan glasses by Intrigue were the starting point for this post. They are so fun, and the small chips of emerald at the tops of the frames made them super special.
The dress by Ingenue has this beautiful mesh like metalic finish to it, especially in the silver. Combined with either a t-shirt under – as worn – for a casual day look, or without for more of a dressy early evening and into the night look, it really is special. The texture also worked perfectly with some bangles I bought last week from Maubray. There are many colour stacks to choose from, as well as the fat pack which I grabbed, the cool thing about them is that they are mod, and copy, so that you can unstack them and make your own combinations, or just wear one if you don't like lots of bangles at once. That was actually the deciding factor for me, while I do like bangles, sometimes you just want a single to finish off a look.
Other great jewellery at Collabor88 are the peacock earrings, also by Intrigue, and the beautiful set by Cae that I am wearing the necklace of, as I will save the earrings for another time. The simplicity of the set makes it a go to option, and the leather strapping lets it be classy and casual. Another item at Collabor88 and one to add to your growing collection, is the Renee skin with special Trending themed make ups, there is an incredible Emerald Smokey eyeshadow, but as I was wearing the glasses at first, I went with the more subtle gold like look.
Lastly and perfectly timed, so much so that I actually asked Whimsy to let me blog it first lol. The Candice hair by Vanity Hair…it has two parts with a mesh tail, and is a really beautiful pony, that worked well with the glasses because there are no bangs to work around. I am wearing the hairbase from lelutka underneath.


Arrow Lock's Revolution Touch-screen keyless entry system is impervious to water, heat and impact, yet offers controlled access for multiple users. The system reduces the need to distribute and keep track of multiple keys and is ideal for buildings that need to limit traffic to controlled areas. Installation takes about five minutes with a multilingual voice prompt guiding the user through the programming process. Up to 1,000 codes are available in advanced mode.


text:
Laura Deakin Contemporary Jewellery
Mygration
A Gap in Nature
My press
Confused Series
Pearl Series
Impressions Series
Necklace Forms
Ring Forms
The Pearl Principle or: A flash, a pipe and a hole
Lunar; the power of water; the essence of the moon and ruler of the tides; germination; cosmic life; the divine essence; the life-giving power of the maternal archetype; the female principle of the ocean; self-lumination(1); initiation; justice. It was believed that the pearl was created when a flash of lightning penetrated the oyster(2), which was seen as the union of fire and water, both fertile forces, standing for birth, rebirth and fertility. The pearl also symbolizes innocence, purity, virginity, perfection, humility and restraint, as well as transcendent wisdom, intellectual enlightenment; spiritual awareness; the mind per se. It embodies the blossoming of the flower of light. The pearl is one of the Eight Precious Things; the heart of Buddha; the Third Eye. It represents the feminine yin principle, immortality(3); auspicious premonition; the genius of concealment. Redemption; Christ; the Savior; the Word of God; baptism; spiritual mercy; heaven.(4)
In spite of their association with tears, pearls are generally regarded as symbols of virtue which – according to the Medieval scholar Lonicerus – strengthen the living spirit emanating from the heart. And there is a saying among Eastern European jewelers: the pearls we believe in bring us tears, which are colored silver like the moon, but are tears of joy.
There are no end of myths, fairy tales and murder mysteries surrounding the pearl. Lust comes to mind – femmes fatales, vamps. Evil is calling: the conch opens. Let us omit the coy Aphrodite of Ancient Greece, who even back then attracted the salacious advances of the cloven-hoofed Pan(5). Let us forget Bottocelli's beauty born of sea foam, La nascita de Venere, who casts her eyes shyly to the side(6). The winds blowing from the top left-hand corner of the picture are not able to rock the scallop from which she has emerged. With a stiff breeze and hard surf she would stand quite differently on her "board".
Did Mark Anthony nibble on Cleopatra's ear conch? The Roman scholar Plinius reports that in order to prove her love to the Roman general, the Egyptian queen bet she could prepare the most costly of all banquets for him. Anthony was amazed to find just two empty plates and two glasses of wine. Cleopatra released a pear-shaped pearl from one of her earlobes, dropped it into her glass and sipped the calcium carbonate and conchiolin which then dissolved in her drink and was worth 30 million sesterces = 0.85 million ounces of fine silver = 1,560,850 euros – as an aperitif. Mark Anthony capitulated, and instead of tasting the second pearl presumably turned his attentions to the one or other of Cleopatra's conches.
Even the ancient Arabs (oh boy!) compared pearls with shimmering teeth. But it was left to Salvador Dali to place a double row of white pearls between a pair of full, ruby lips(7) in trivial, surrealist style to create a brooch for a woman's blouse. Blinding promise flashing seductively from a half-open mouth: an oralized version of the conch and the pearl.
The torso trembles, hips, thighs and buttocks move. The hands are active, too – they touch all parts of the body as in ecstasy. Then there are inward and outward movements of the knees and feet. The dancer arches his back or even drops into a squat.(8)
The Charleston, regarded as provocative and immoral, and highly popular at the end of the Belle Époque, was always danced with long pearl necklaces that linked all the senses together, swinging in dangling loops across neck, stomach and groin. The "teeth" moving from here to there and back again – and as is well-known, behind the teeth – like a mollusk – lurks the tongue.
Still not enough? Do you know Tampopo – the first Japanese noodle western (1985, directed by Juzo Itami)? If so, you will be familiar with the following legendary scene. Dripping wet, an ama emerges from the sea, traditionally draped in white. She hands the "man in the white suit", a member of the Yakuza, a freshly opened shell. Unrestrained, he greedily slurps the oyster and hurts his mouth on the sharp scale. And then something completely unexpected happens. The pearl diver approaches his face and licks across his bleeding lips with a long, fluid tongue. And to this day, the fans of this ramen soup road movie are asking themselves whether there was a pearl in the oyster … did you see it twinkle?
It is said that if the right woman wears the right pearl necklace at the right time, even the toughest guys turn soft. Pearl necklaces are devastating: they make women irresistible to men. I would have liked to have invented the pearl necklace. The principle is brilliant, as with all simple things, as ancient as the oldest known examples of the use of jewelry by human beings(9); those tiny snail shells, bored through in the same spot with a small hole some 100,000 years ago, to be placed on a slender thread and worn round the neck. Excavated in Qued Djebbana in Algeria and in Skuhl near Haifa, Israel, anthropologists regard these "pearls" as the earliest evidence of symbolically meaningful objects(10) or – as they call it – information storage outside the human brain(11): quite simply the roots of human culture(12). If I had invented the pearl necklace – my goodness, just think of the royalties: that wouldn't be bad, even for the last thousand year
The pearl necklace is so brilliant that most goldsmiths, jewelry designers, craft jewelry artists and the rest do not even both to try to redefine, vary or interpret this object of desire. The few attempts at a new artistic approach to this classic item have tended to be miserable failures. Yet it is possible to coax new facets out of it all the same: and here it is, the exception.
Dishonest Pearls, a piece of jewelry created by Laura Deakin in 2006, has all the features of a pearl necklace at first glance: the string of bead-like elements, the spherical shapes, the connecting string, pearl luster, the graceful, cascading appearance when worn around the neck. Yet the ingredients, so we read with surprise, are polyester filler, silk and synthetic nacre(13). And, of course, we see that the beads are concave rather than convex. What has happened?
Laura Deakin has pressed cheap pearl necklace imitations of glass beads with applied fake mother-of-pearl into filler, which has in turn been pressed into hemispherical negative moulds. The silk thread that connects the individual husks was embedded from the start. Once the plastic mass has hardened, the filler sticks so powerfully to the surface that the mother-of-pearl imitation is stripped off the beads when separated and the shimmering skin of the pearls glows from the inside, like a cast. By destroying the original false pearl, an effigy is created, which is entirely authentic: one might describe the process as deconstruction – a common artistic strategy. The pearl is dead – long live the pearl!
By means of this brilliantly simple, yet complex process, Laura Deakin transforms the pearl necklace into a highly confusing mirror image of itself. At first sight one would call it a pearl necklace – which is not completely untrue considering its filler beads. More than anything else, however, it is the luster glowing from inside the husks that tempts one to apply this ambivalent and ambiguous designation. Seen in the right light, we have known this since Maurits Cornelius Escher's optical illusions that concave shapes can suddenly turn into their very opposite and appear convex, making fools of us and leading our eyes by the nose.
Ceci n'est pas un collier de perles. With René Magritte in mind, whose pipe(14) painted in oil colors cannot be filled with tobacco and smoked, one wonders whether Deakin's work of art ultimately is a pearl necklace or simply the image of one – or as Magritte called it more accurately, une représentation(15). Due to the marked transformations it has involved, it cannot be described as a reproduction. In fact in both cases a new image has been created – an irritation, a challenge to visual perception and thought. However, regardless of the visual aspect Dishonest Pearls remains a three-dimensional object that can certainly be worn by somebody as a necklace.
Even without a woman or a seductive look, I bow to this "representation of a pearl necklace". Voilà, here I lie – and cannot be any other way. Overwhelmed by rapture.
However, the small, shimmering husks can also be seen as a reincarnation of the lost pearls. Grey, rough and jagged on the outside, glossy and iridescent on the inside, they could represent a new generation of pearl oysters, ready to meet a single washed up grain of sand – a tiny, lingering, recalcitrant intruder – and cover it with a fine layer of pearl luster for its own protection. After all, a pearl is nothing more than this: a fully assimilated alien, an asylum-seeker glazed with calcium carbonate and conchiolin.
Otto Künzli
Notes and sources:
The pearl's gloss is known as luster; the iridescent interference light that glows from its depths is called orient and the weight of pearls used to be measured in grans or grains. The unit of measurement was a grain of wheat weighing 0.05 grams
"The divine flash of lightning from heaven passed into the pure shell, the Mother of God, and a precious pearl; Jesus, was created. It is written that Christ, the Pearl, was born from the divine flash of lightning." From Johannes Damascenus, born 675 AD. (kunstbrowser.de). The Kurds regard the pearl as an embryo slumbering at the bottom of the shell uterus (wikipedia.org/perle).
In ancient China it was the custom to place a pearl in the mouth of the Emperor when he died, as this promised eternal life.
A plethora of symbolic meanings, associations and anecdotes can be gleaned from encyclopedias on the subject of pearls and shells. This enumeration is based on just one section from a single source, abbreviated and edited. J.C. Cooper, Illustrated Encyclopedia of Traditional Symbols, p. 136, Thames and Hudson Ltd. London 1978.
e.g. Statue group in marble; Aphrodite, Pan and Eros, found on the island of Delos, around 100 BC, National Archeological Museum, Athens.
One of the most famous oil paintings (1486) by the Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli (Uffizi, Florence). For comparison, there is a painting in the same museum entitled Venus of Urbino by Titian (1538). The recumbent Venus looks directly at the viewer, confronting him with her nakedness.
Ruby Lips, Dali – A Study of his Art-in-Jewels, p. 36, plate XIII, The Owen Cheatham Foundation, New York, 1959.
Description of the Charleston dance, 1925.
Marian Vanhearen, Sience, vol. 312, p. 1731, 2006.
Michael Simm, Eitelkeit vor 77 000 Jahren, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Panorama, April 16th 2004.
Maggie Fox, Old beads push back birth of creativity, News in Science, April 16, 2004.
s this the earliest sign of human culture? New Scientist, April 10, 2004, p. 8.
Des Wahnsinns Fette Beute, exhibition catalogue, p. 133, Die Neue Sammlung – State Museum of Applied Art and Design in the Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich. Florian Hufnagl (ed., Arnoldsche Art Publishers Stuttgart, 2008.
La trahison des Images, 1929 (literal translation: "The Betrayal of Images"), better known by the name Ceci n'est pas une pipe ("This is not a pipe"), is one of the best known oil paintings by the French surrealist René Magritte. It consists of the naturalistic portrayal of a pipe, underneath which appears the sentence Ceci n'est pas une pipe. Today it hangs in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California.
René Magritte as quoted in Harry Torczyner, Magritte: Ideas and Images, p. 71.
© Copyright 2000-2023, Laura Deakin.


According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than five persons in ten live today in urban areas and this number will increase to seven persons in ten by 2050. If no changes are to be done by that time, we will have to face serious costs in health.
Today, living in a city is affecting our health. The use of the car led citizens to adopt a sedentary lifestyle, which increased the risk of obesity and chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.
It is therefore eminent to start searching for a healthy lifestyle, while staying in the city. Moving to the suburbs in not a solution, however, changing your daily habits is.
Hitting a gym near you, with your friends, working out at home, or even short walks in the afternoon are essential to both your body and your mental health. You can have a walk in Ashrafieh when the weather permits. Especially in Spring, while it's not too hot nor rainy. Define a nice itinerary in the neighborhood, and follow it several times a week, walking at a good pace.
Improving your physical activity will reward your state of mind.


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Flying Clubs Club Connector Newsletter Club Spotlight: Washington State Non-profit Modifies its Mission to Become Flying Club
Club Spotlight: Washington State Non-profit Modifies its Mission to Become Flying Club
November 19, 2017 By Steve Schapiro
It's not often you find a flying club in formation that has been around for almost 25 years. But that is the situation with the Airhawks Flying Club based at Orcas Island Airport (ORS) in northwest Washington State.
Bob Waunch founded the Airhawks organization in 1994 to teach kids in the San Juan Islands about aviation. Over the years it modified its mission to providing scholarships to students to help with flight training expenses. And now it's evolving once again into a flying club with an aircraft.
"When it was formed it was titled, Airhawks Flying Club," Bob said. "So all we've done is modify our mission to include actual training. The flying club will be a subpart of our non-profit organization. We'll be supervised by the Airhawks Board."
Unique Opportunity
The change in the organization's mission came about because of a unique situation to have a Cessna 162 Skycatcher donated to the club.
Max Lyons is the president and CEO of Hillsboro Aviation, located just outside of Portland, Oregon. It is one of the largest providers of aviation services in the Pacific Northwest, operating an FBO, as well as helicopter and fixed wing charters, aircraft sales, management, maintenance, and a part 141 flight academy.
The flight school had ordered 60 Skycatchers, and had taken delivery of about 20, before Cessna decided to stop selling the Light Sport trainer designed to replace the C-150. Hillsboro sold all of their Skycatchers but had one left that had some nose gear damage. It sat for about a year before it was repaired.
Max brought the plane to Orcas Island, where he has a home, with the intention of donating it to a non-profit for training young people. He chose Airhawks, which is now evolving from a scholarship organization to a flying club.
"We're leasing the aircraft for one year to see if the club really gets going," Bob said. "If it does, then he's donating the aircraft to us." For that to happen, the club has to put 200 hours on the aircraft in the first year.
So far the club has six members that have paid a $500 initiation fee to join, and there are a few more that will be joining soon. Dues will be $50 a month and the aircraft will rent for $100 an hour, Hobbs time, wet. The hourly rate includes $35 to cover the lease. If the club is successful and the plane is donated, the hourly cost will drop significantly in the second year.
Filling a need
The club will fill a need on the islands for aircraft rental and flight training. "We live on an island and we have not had any active CFIs for several years, and we've never had any aircraft for rent," Bob said. "There is a really strong interest in flying because it is an island, it's boats and airplanes. There is a lot of flying, a lot of people in flying, but there have been a bunch of people that have wanted to learn to fly and those that are no longer current that want to get back in to flying."
One club member is a rusty pilot who used to own a 172 and is looking to get back into flying, and several other members are new pilots. Another club member, a former F-16 pilot who flies air ambulances, is completing his CFI and will serve as the club's instructor.
As it stands now, there is one flight school at Friday Harbor Airport on San Juan Island, which Bob said has had difficulty maintaining instructors as many have left to pursue careers with the airlines. The only other option is to go to Bellingham, on the mainland.
Taking the ferry to Bellingham is an all day trip. The ferry takes about an hour and a half, and then you drive an hour to get to the airport, making a one-way trip at least two and a half hours. Flying takes 15 minutes, and that includes taxi time, Bob said. Another option is an instructor could fly an aircraft to Orcas Island to meet a member, but the member would be responsible for paying for that time as well.
Club Goals
To start the club is looking for at least eight members to be able to cover costs, with insurance being the biggest financial liability at this point. "Our goal is to make sure we get enough flying time on the aircraft so we can get it donated and then enough members so we can get a bigger, more powerful aircraft," Bob said. "As soon as we can get a four-place aircraft like a warrior or a 172 or something in that class, people will want to upgrade right away."
Other items on the club's to do list are finalizing operating rules, which Bob is working on, and developing a website and Facebook page. Once the club starts flying it also plans to offer demo flights for the kids and expects scholarship applications will increase.
For nearly 25 years, Airhawks has been inspiring San Juan Islands youth to take to the skies through a scholarship program. With the opportunity to get an aircraft donated to the organization, it is modifying its mission to become a flying club to continue to promote aviation in an area where there is a strong interest but hasn't had the means.
Name Airhawks Flying Club
Location Orcas Island Airport (ORS), Orcas Island, WA
Website None yet
Facebook None yet
Year formed 2017
Aircraft 2011 Cessna 162 Skycatcher ($100/hr)
Rates are Hobbs time, wet
Joining fee $500
Monthly dues $50


SAP PP module is another important module that includes software designed specifically for production planning and management. This module also consists of master data, system configuration and transactions in order to accomplish plan procedure for production. SAP PP module collaborate with master data, sales and operations planning, distribution resource planning, material requirementsplanning, Kanban, product cost planning and so on while working towards production management in enterprises.


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Q: Log4j: Logger stops working after load third party jar Logger suddenly stops working after call a method of third party jar. I have checked code of jar, they are also using log4j with log4j.xml. I am configuring log4j by using the properties file.
My log4j configuration
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout, R
#log4j.rootLogger=ERROR, stdout, R
log4j.appender.R.File=/logs/app_test.log
log4j.appender.R.MaxFileSize=10MB
log4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.R.MaxBackupIndex=175
log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p %t %c - %m%n
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p %c - %m%n
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender

Third party logs configuration (log4j.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">

<!--Pattern used: Date Thread_Name Full_Class_Name.Method_Name Level:Line
    no -->
<!-- %-23d{ISO8601} [THREAD:%t] [%-2c.%M():%L] [%p] - %m%n -->

<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">

    <appender name="consoleAppender" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern"
                value="%-23d{ISO8601} [%-5p] [%-22t] [%-30C{1}:%4L] - %m%n" />
        </layout>
    </appender>

    <appender name="errorAppender" class="org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender">
        <param name="File"
            value="${catalina.base}/logs/metascan/metsascanWrapperError.log" />
            <param name="maxFileSize" value="10MB" />
                    <param name="Threshold" value="ERROR" />
        <param name="maxBackupIndex" value="2" />
        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss:SSS} [%-40t] %5p - %m %n" />
        </layout>
    </appender>

    <appender name="infoAppender" class="org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender">
        <param name="File"
            value="${catalina.base}/logs/metascan/metsascanWrapperInfo.log" />
        <param name="maxFileSize" value="10MB" />
        <param name="maxBackupIndex" value="2" />
        <param name="Threshold" value="INFO" />
        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern"
                value="%-23d{ISO8601} [%-5p] [%-22t] [%-30C{1}:%4L] - %m%n" />
        </layout>
    </appender>

    <appender name="debugAppender" class="org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender">
        <param name="File"
            value="${catalina.base}/logs/metascan/metsascanWrapperDebug.log" />
        <param name="maxFileSize" value="10MB" />
        <param name="maxBackupIndex" value="2" />
        <param name="Threshold" value="DEBUG" />
        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern"
                value="%-23d{ISO8601} [%-5p] [%-22t] [%-30C{1}:%4L] - %m%n" />
        </layout>
    </appender>

    <category name="com.xerox.metascan" additivity="true">
        <priority value="ERROR" />
        <appender-ref ref="infoAppender" />
        <appender-ref ref="debugAppender" />
        <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender" />
    </category>

    <!-- <category name="org.springframework"> <priority value="error" /> <appender-ref
        ref="infoAppender90" /> <appender-ref ref="errorAppender90" /> </category> -->
    <root>
        <priority value="error" />
        <appender-ref ref="errorAppender" />
        <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender" />

    </root>

</log4j:configuration>

I have read the configuration on log4j website, preference will always go to log4j.xml over properties file. So, I don't want to change in the third party jar. I am assuming that they are overriding my log4j configuration but I don't know the exact issue because even system.out.println doesn't work.
So how we I resolve the issue, is there any way I can ignore the third party logs configuration?
Any suggestions will be helpful, Thanks.

A: No, You cannot ignore the third party logs, You can override them by loading externally log4j configuration.
PropertyConfigurator.configure("log4j.properties");

but ideally, this is not a good practice. You should tell them who provided you the jar and they should fix that because any third party jar should not affect your configuration.


(MoneyWatch) Delegating is one of the oldest management principles around. But experts have pushed the concept so hard that it often seems like the best leaders delegate literally everything. In my career I've met more than a few managers who do just that -- they hand off or dump so much on others that the delegators lose touch with too much of what's going on in their business.
In one memorable moment years ago, I sat in the office of a senior executive who was on the phone with his boss, making up answers to questions as he went along, because his minions were handling everything and he was clueless about the world outside his big office. I happened to know his answers were BS, and when I looked at him incredulously, he winked at me as if to say, "Do I know how to work this guy, or what?"
Employees: The most important element of your business -- period. Without good people, you have no good products, no happy customers and for that matter, probably no job. Know them (preferably by name), respect them, build them up and don't manage from on high. In other words, don't delegate away your connection with the human engine of your business.
Products: I've met managers and executives -- though almost never small business owners -- at trade shows and elsewhere who were so clueless about their own products that they'd walk me over to a sales rep and listen to the demo with me, with just as much curiosity. Again, you don't have to work on the assembly line (though it helps) to be close to what it is you're selling. Some of the most legendary CEOs of some of the biggest and most successful companies -- people whose delegation trickles down through thousands of others -- can still talk to you all day about their products. If they're not too busy to stay on top of it, neither are you.
Numbers: You may have a top-notch CFO, a team of accountants and a well-oiled operations team, but if you manage a business, it doesn't matter who else knows the key numbers, you need to as well. Sales, gross margin, profit/loss, inventory, whatever the critical stats are in your enterprise, they should always be in your head. If you have to make a phone call or send an email to find out "how you're doing" for the month, that's not delegating -- that's you not being on top of your business. In fairness, yes, you can delegate someone to report the numbers to you every day, week or month. But you shouldn't just be memorizing numbers that are fed to you; you should be truly tuned-in to your company's performance.
As with many things, the larger your business, the harder it may be to stay close to the nitty-gritty. But whether your company employs 10 people or a thousand, remember that you are one of them (even if you own the place... especially if you own the place).
So no matter how many people you have to do your bidding, you can't hand it all off. If you've delegated away so much that you've lost touch with the heart and soul of the business -- its people, products and performance -- you've handed off the most important tools you need to lead.
Michael is an entrepreneur who has launched businesses including Skooba Design and Hotdog Yoga Gear travel bag brands, as well as Journeyware Travel Outfitters. Michael sold his company in 2014 and is now focused on writing, speaking and consulting. Learn more about his ventures at www.businesswithclass.com.


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En la mitología griega, Creonte (Κρέων) es un personaje perteneciente al ciclo tebano. Era hermano de Yocasta, madre y esposa de Edipo. Fue rey de Tebas en tres ocasiones.

Es un personaje señalado de la tragedia Antígona, de Sófocles. En esta obra Creonte es regente de la ciudad de Tebas tras la muerte de los dos legítimos aspirantes al trono, Eteocles y Polinices, los hijos de Edipo. Ha prohibido que se dé sepultura al cadáver de Polinices, por haber muerto atacando su propia ciudad. La hermana de este, Antígona, contradice su orden y le da sepultura, por lo que es condenada a muerte. Creonte desoye todas las súplicas en su favor, y su obstinación en defender la legalidad civil, a pesar de que es contraria a las leyes divinas, le conduce al desastre. Su hijo Hemón, el prometido de Antígona, se suicida y a continuación su propia esposa, a pesar de que en el último momento Creonte había reconsiderado su actitud.

En esta tragedia griega, hay tres debates o discusiones dialécticas de Creonte que se representan por medio del recurso del agón y en los que se enfrenta con Antígona, Tiresias y Hemón.

Véase también
 Los siete contra Tebas
 Las Fenicias
 Antígona (Sófocles)

Bibliografía
 Sófocles, Antígona, Madrid: Edimat (2002), ISBN 978-84-9764-007-1.

Reyes de Tebas
Los siete contra Tebas