Once you have found the perfect sewing pattern for what you want to make, your choice in fabric is just as important. In order to achieve the best results from your sewing project, it is important to know how to choose the best fabric for a particular sewing pattern. Most patterns sold are going to be for clothing but there are also numerous other sewing projects for which patterns are made. Let's start by looking at choosing fabric for clothing projects before tackling the rest.
The fabric determines how the final product performs, how well it will wear, what type of care it will require, and how you will feel when you wear it. We all have those favorite pieces of clothing that we go to repeatedly and continue to wear them until they are no longer functional or modest! It is the combination of pattern and fabric that makes them such a good choice.
The first place to start is with the back of the sewing pattern envelope. It will list you how much fabric you will need according to the width of the fabric and the size of garment you will be making so you don't purchase too much or too little for your project. You will also find several types of fabrics listed that are recommended for the style of the pattern. While there is no law that says you can't stray from the recommendations, this information will give you a good guideline to follow based on whether the recommendations are stretch or woven, how heavy they are, and their ability to drape.
The most obvious difference between fabrics is that between woven and stretch (knitted). Some garments such as t-shirts and bathing suits are always made of stretch fabrics so that they can be pulled on without the use of fasteners and they regain their shape once you get them on.
Woven fabrics, on the other hand, have little or no "give" to them and they must be cut and sewn into the desired shape. Openings that re-fasten with zippers, buttons, or snaps must be implemented into the pattern before it will work.
Some of the sewing patterns you can buy are designed specifically for use with stretch fabrics and you shouldn't attempt to make the garment out of woven instead. In addition to the reasons above, these two types of fabrics are also different in other ways. While wovens usually come in a 44/45" width, stretch fabrics are usually 60" wide. That means that the recommended layout on the guide inside the pattern will differ from what it would be with wovens, too.
You are more likely to be successful using knit fabric to make a garment that is normally made from woven fabric than the reverse. For example, it isn't uncommon to see knit jackets that are made to go with casual pants or jeans. Just be aware of areas that will need some extra support. Use a heavy front interfacing to support buttonholes and buttons and across the tops of any outside pockets to keep them from sagging.
If you have a standard sewing machine, you may have more trouble than you bargained for when you start to sew your knit garment together. The best way to sew knits is with an overlock machine that cuts the selvage from the fabric as you sew and forms a chain stitch over the edge to retain the stretchiness of the fabric after stitching and prevent the fabric from raveling out. If your machine has a stretch stitch, it may be dependable enough to use occasionally but if you plan to make a lot of knits, it may be time to invest in a serger.
The weight of the fabric is obvious by touch. Cotton Denim, canvas, heavyweight wools, poplin, and corduroy are examples of heavy weight fabrics. You can feel the weight and thickness just by holding them. Pants, outerwear, and winter weight dresses are commonly made of these materials because they hold their original shape and provide warmth.
Medium weight fabrics like velvet, broadcloth, taffeta, oxford, and sateen are often recommended to making blouses, shirts, skirts, or other garments that require some flexibility. A blouse wouldn't be very comfortable made from canvas and it wouldn't allow you much room to move. On the other hand, a medium weight fabric gives adequate flexibility while also holding details like pleats and gathers in a way that will make the garment more appealing to the eye.
Chiffon, organza, voile, lace, cheesecloth, and mesh are some examples of light weight fabrics. Many are also quite delicate, meaning that they are easy to pick or tear. Women's clothing is more often made from these fabrics because of the feminine appearance that it gives. When choosing the fabric for a highly detailed pattern, such as multiple pleats or pintucking, lightweight fabrics are not always the best choice. The more stitching you do, the more likely you are to damage the fabric.
Lightweight fabrics that are too sheer to use as a garment can still be used to add interest to a blouse or skirt. We see this method used all the time in wedding gowns. Sheer layers of organza are layered over a satin or taffeta dress to give the dress a dreamy appeal that also coordinates with the wedding veil.
The same method can be used in creating everyday clothes without the limitation of using white fabrics. Organza or chiffon may be purchased with embroidered designs or you can use your sewing machine to create your own. Even if your pattern recommends using medium to heavy weight fabrics, you may be able to add a sheer layer to create a completely different look.
It is also important to note that there are many fabrics that have lighter or heavier versions that may be more or less appropriate for the pattern. Denim has become so popular over the years that you can find it in light, medium, and heavy weights for making any type of garment. Base your decisions on how thick and heavy a fabric feels in comparison to the others to make the best choice.
The drape of a fabric is the way it hangs. You could almost say it is a measure of liquidity, its ability to flow. Most fabrics with good drape are lightweight, with those like chiffon and organza having the best drape. Naturally, a pattern that is fitted is not going to require a fabric that has a lot of drape while one that has large, flowing sleeves or a draped neckline demands a fabric with a lot of drape.
Look at the pattern for any details where there are likely to be any "folds" of fabric. If there are, then you need a lightweight fabric with a good drape that will suit the pattern without adding a lot of weight.
It is easy to get an idea of how much drape different fabrics have before you buy the fabric for your pattern. Unroll enough of the fabric from the end of the bolt to hold at least a foot of the fabric in your hands. With the length of fabric extended between your hands, start bringing your hands closer together.
What does the excess fabric do? Fabric with good drape will gather into folds at the bottom. Those with less or no drape will create a vertical fold that stands out in your direction or fold into itself in the center.
Most bolts of fabric list the care on the end of the bolt. Fabrics have changed a great deal today and many that were always dry clean only in the past are now machine washable. Don't pass up a wool fabric for your suit pattern based on its cleaning method until you know that it really is a problem.
When purchasing natural fibers like cotton, wash the fabric before cutting the pattern out so that shrinking takes place before you sew. Also keep in mind that 100% cotton fabrics may have to be ironed frequently and some synthetics such as rayon have to be ironed with care and can actually burn or melt if they come into direct contact with the iron. The last thing you want to do is choose a fabric for a piece of casual clothing that ends up needing special treatment.
There are many patterns available today for making household items so that you can spend less, customize your designs, and take pride in your accomplishments every time you use them! These patterns may be for curtains and drapes, tablecloths and placemats, throw cushions for the sofa or the patio, or decorative items that provide the perfect accent.
Choosing the fabrics for these projects can be a lot simpler with a few issues to keep in mind. If you are making curtains or drapes, you have the option to use traditional upholstery fabrics for professional looking draperies or one of those fun poly/cotton prints to make curtains for the kitchen. Whichever option you choose, don't neglect the lining. Otherwise, the light from the sun could fade your curtains and leave them looking shabby in no time.
Any time you line a fabric that will be laundered, the lining should have similar properties with regards to all the details listed above. If either fabric is prone to shrinking, it should be laundered prior to sewing to make sure it doesn't end up puckering and ruining the shape.
When making items for outdoor use, such as cushions and pillows for the patio, get a good quality outdoor material that is water-resistant and treated to resist UV light. Although your choices may be limited as far as colors and designs, regular fabrics are not going to hold up under any type of harsh weather. Also, take the items indoors during winter or else keep them securely covered to protect them when not in use.
Once you have a better understanding of what sets fabrics apart and the different ways that they behave, you will be able to look at any sewing pattern with a different perspective. Look at the image on the envelope to determine how the fabric hangs, the special details, and the fit of the garment to determine what you need from your fabric. You can also work in the opposite direction if you find a fabric that you just love. Choosing a pattern that will use its qualities to advantage will now be an easier task and it will make sewing it even more enjoyable.


Report drawn up on behalf of the Committee on Agriculture on the communication from the Commission of the European Communities to the Council (Doc. 1-685/80) on the social aspects in the Community sea-fishing sector. EP Working Documents, document 1-830/81, 8 December 1981.


Rates include daily continental breakfast and catch-and-release fly fishing in our stocked ponds. Rates are based on double occupancy - add $15 daily for each additional guest, or less $5 daily for singles.
All reservations are held pending receipt of one night deposit; two night minimum stay on weekends. Cancellations require 72-hour notice prior to date of arrival for refund. See contact info below.
Check-in is between 2 p.m. and 8 p.m. Please call to make special arrangements if you plan to arrive later than 8 p.m. If you prefer an earlier check-in, please call the morning of your arrival to see about the possibility.
Please, no smoking in the cabin. We prefer children over 12, for safety reasons due to all the nearby water. No pets please.
Payments may be made by check or cash.


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Joanna Newsom Quotes
I'm not a wanderer, which is funny because I'm on tour half the time. I'm a home, hearth and family kind of person.
— Joanna Newsom
I didn't sing for years and years, but I started playing harp when I was maybe 9 or 10. I had actually wanted to play for years leading up to that, but no teacher in our little town would take me on as a student, because I was too young.
Around eighth grade I decided I wanted to be a composer and that's what I went to college for. Just a few years back, I switched out of composition and into creative writing so I could work with words.
There's something fundamental to the harp that has retained its appeal my whole life. It's an instrument I am just in love with.
Heart Quotes
It broke my heart when I learned the moon had been passing the sun's light off as its own.
People Quotes
I never thought people would be mortally offended by the sounds I was making.
I would happy for someone to download my music.
If I ever met Dolly Parton for sure, I would just not be able to say anything. I love her.
Families of privilege and money would have harps in their parlors, and their cultured daughters would learn to play. It's got such a strange history. But that wasn't the context that I learned it in, so the inherent friction between that history and the more humanist folk-y history wasn't in my conscience at all.
I have a deep rooted folk sensibility that I can't get away from completely.
And all that we built, and all that we breathed And all that we spilled or pulled up like weeds Is piled up in back and it burns irrevocably And we spoke up in turns 'til the silence crept over me.
Realize Quotes
I didn't really know a lot of the history when I was younger. I didn't realize that the harp is coded in such a specific way in musical circles. It's kind of this society instrument because of its history as a young woman's parlor instrument.
I have a lot of interest in interior rhyming; not just rhyming at the end of the lines, but playing around with rhymes within the lines, playing with where the syllabic emphases in the sentences are, lining those up at strange moments in the line of the song. I'm not sure if that comes across or not.
What a woman does is open doors. And it is not a question of locking or unlocking.
My voice in combination with the harp - which, by the way, I use because I've played it my entire life, not to make some statement about the harp - somehow has ... coloured people's interpretations of the music and projected an idea of childlike or fairytale quality or innocence. Which sometimes prevents people from listening to the songs the way I would like them to be listened to.
I wasn't interested in writing music that wasn't beautiful for me to listen to.
Progress Quotes
I recorded harp first or singing first. I recorded it all together. Part of the reason is that I don't know how to play the songs without also singing. I forget how they progress. I don't think that any of them are verse, chorus, verse, and so on. They are not simple.
The so-called positive press has in some ways been more difficult to swallow than the negative.
I've been unaware of how people react to the instrument. People have ideas of what a harp is supposed to sound like, and a lot of them are negative ideas.
I had known that people would probably have strange reactions to my voice, because I have kind of an unwieldy, difficult voice, but I never thought that anybody would have a problem with the harp. I just assumed... C'mon, it's a beautiful instrument.
We deserve to know light. And grow evermore lighter and lighter.
There are some mornings when the sky looks like a road.
I don't look at people's expressions, because I still get nervous when I play, especially when I first put the harp up there. I just try to tune - it takes me a half-hour to tune, and I get nervous if I look at anybody when I do it.
I can bear a lot but not that pall
I have a voice that's obviously untrained - and I think untrainable - so I kind of secreted it away for a long time. Actually, I would write songs with lyrics when I was younger, but I would just sing in my head.
I give away CDs at shows if someone wants a CD but doesn't have any money. I wouldn't want to do that forever.
We are blessed and sustained by what is not said
I played piano for about two years when I was a kid. I didn't play long enough to be really great.
Worth Quotes
And a thimble's worth of milky moon Can touch hearts larger than a thimble.
I wasn't born of a whistle or milked from a thistle at twilight No I was all horns and thorns sprung out fully formed, knock-kneed and upright.
I don't think I'm abnormal and I think that lets people down.
I can't play my songs on the smaller harp. I have a Celtic harp. I can't do the key changes.
Never get so attached to a poem that you forget truth that lacks lyricism.
I definitely don't subscribe to the theory that more instruments, or more vocal tracks, harmony, or double tracking the voice, is a good thing. People do their early albums very stripped down, then each album becomes bloated.
Expect Quotes, People Quotes
It's totally different. I usually don't tell people about the Pleased if they know me from the harp. And if they are there to see the Pleased, I usually don't tell them about the harp. I am nervous that these people will expect something similar.
Respect Quotes
In high school, we studied a lot of poetical forms. I was really interested in the math that was involved and the strange live break ups. That gave me a great amount of respect for a rhymed stanza.
Lyrics are very different. There is a clear line between that and a poem. Something that has been a source of great excitement and delight for me is this idea that I get to rhyme.
It's valid that the Strokes and the Pleased have been influenced by some of the same bands. But it's invalid in the sense that we listen to the Strokes and try to sounds like them. I think that they are a good band.
People in San Francisco and the East Bay have shown interest, done interviews, and have come to shows. I guess that the news travels fast out of this island that we are on.
Afraid Quotes, People Quotes
People are often afraid for me. They think that I am going to break. I can make it through a set.
The way that words fit together is always interesting to me. I love words.
The very first Walnut Whales recording was recorded just a few weeks after I had started singing, out of the blue, started singing. And the voice, you can hear how uncomfortable I am with it, and how terrified I am with it.
You should listen to a lot of different music.
Well, yeah, I wanted to resist the urge to thicken everything up with instrumentation, because I just felt like I was interested in seeing how the songs did on their own.
I am always trying to write.
I am consciously not trying to bring in World Music elements. The ways that I work and feel are completely different in how they sound than someone playing the Kora in Africa would play it.
I am consciously trying not to make it sound Celtic or African.
I am not doing something that it is experimental music in relation to classical music.
I am producing sounds that people are not used to hearing from the harp.
I can understand someone not liking the voice or the songs.
I can't play my songs on the smaller harp. I have a Celtic harp. I can't do the key changes.
I definitely don't subscribe to the theory that more instruments, or more vocal tracks, harmony, or double tracking the voice, is a good thing. People do their early albums very stripped down, then each album becomes bloated.
I did spend a year in high school being obsessed with Fleetwood Mac.
I give away CDs at shows if someone wants a CD but doesn't have any money. I wouldn't want to do that forever.
I have a deep rooted folk sensibility that I can't get away from completely.
I have a recording that I did of instrumental songs.
I have writing songs on my own for about six years.
I played piano for about two years when I was a kid. I didn't play long enough to be really great.
I started playing harp about fourteen years ago.
I recorded harp first or singing first. I recorded it all together. Part of the reason is that I don't know how to play the songs without also singing. I forget how they progress. I don't think that any of them are verse, chorus, verse, and so on. They are not simple.
I want to make music that somehow connects to the things that I love in America music.
I wanted to write songs which I think is a different thing. I wanted to write music that is informed by folk music. The chord progressions are obvious references.
I wasn't interested in writing music that wasn't beautiful for me to listen to.
Botswana Proverbs
Palestinian Proverbs
Maasai Proverbs
Nicaraguan Proverbs
Bahumbu Proverbs
Arabian Proverbs
Lula Proverbs
Omani Proverbs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Nissan electric crossover debuts at Geneva
By Natalie Middleton / 3 years ago / New Cars / No Comments
Nissan has unveiled an upgraded version of its IMx electric crossover concept, featuring a new look and Brain-to-Vehicle (B2V) technology.
Nissan IMx Kuro electric crossover concept
Previously shown at the Tokyo Motor Show in October 2017 as the IMx, the zero-emission concept features Nissan's new electric vehicle platform, which is designed to bring a completely flat floor, enhancing cabin space and driving dynamics. The drivetrain features a pair of high-output electric motors at the front and rear, bringing a combined 320kW of power and all-wheel-drive capability. The high-capacity battery brings a claimed range of more than 600km (373 miles) on a single charge.
Upgrades on the new IMx Kuro concept include Nissan's B2V system. This works alongside a future version of Nissan's ProPilot technology, which provides fully autonomous operation, and can read and interpret the driver's brain waves, assisting with manual driving and speeding up reaction times– for example on braking – while also adjusting autonomous driving if the driver is showing signs of discomfort.
"The IMx KURO zero-emission crossover concept vehicle embodies the future of Nissan Intelligent Mobility," said Jose Munoz, Nissan's chief performance officer. "Nissan Intelligent Mobility is Nissan's commitment to changing the way people and cars communicate, as well as how cars interact with society in the near future and beyond."
Nissan IMx Kuro
Natalie Middleton
Natalie has worked as a fleet journalist for nearly 20 years, previously as assistant editor on the former Company Car magazine before joining Fleet World in 2006. Prior to this, she worked on a range of B2B titles, including Insurance Age and Insurance Day. Natalie edits all the Fleet World websites and newsletters, and loves to hear about any latest industry news - or gossip.
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R2I PRESENTS
Fadika Commodities
The Fadika family of Sierra Leone has specialised in mining Diamonds, Iron ore and importing and exporting many other commodities starting with the Sierra Leone Diamond Company in the late 1990's. The Leader of the Family Gibril Moseray Fadika has directed the family empire to help rebuild Sierra Leone creating 83% of the GDP for the country whilst leading the country in human rights and philanthropy in helping the people of Sierra Leone out of poverty and continued this mission across the whole content of Africa with Amazing Success until his passing . Mr Gibrill K Fadika his nephew., Family and Moseray Trust Foundation have carried on his business affairs and philanthrophy in his honor.
Mr Gibril Moserey was the Vice Chairman of Shandong Steel (SL) Ltd and Executive Director of Pan Africa Minerals Ltd, with a cumulative investment portfolio in Africa of over $3.1 Billion.


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The percentage of students of color on sports teams is lower than Middlebury's already low percentage of students of color on campus. Middlebury is 63 percent white, and of the college's 2561 students, only 25 percent identify as domestic US students of color, according to the fall 2017 student profile.
For student athletes of color, this reality can feel isolating.
Sebastian Sanchez, one of two athletes of color on the baseball team, reached out to Olivia Bravo '20, Chellsa Ferdinand '20, Jourdon Delerme '20 and Diego Meritus '19, members of the softball, volleyball, football and football teams, respectively, about starting a club for people of color (PoC) in sports. The resulting organization, Student Athletes of Color, is funded directly by the athletic department. It recently held its first official meet-and-greet and was received enthusiastically by the student body.
The club's members hope Student Athletes of Color will create an informal space in which they can build a strong community.
Bravo said the strong relationships between members of individual teams are not shared between members of different teams.
"As PoC we immediately see each other in the athletic facilities and maybe give each other a smile or a head nod, but there is no relationship beyond that. I think that is our biggest goal, to change that," Bravo said.
Amherst College has a Student Athletes of Color group, and a friend of Meritus' is working to form one at Williams College. The group believes Student Athletes of Color would also be of interest to other colleges in the New England Small College Athletic Conference (Nescac) and hopes to eventually form a Nescac-wide organization.
"I think this is a very realistic goal and is something I can see happening before I graduate in the next few years," Bravo said.
Hello! My name is Paula Petit-Molina and I am a student-athlete of color at Bowdoin College; I also happen to be leading a coalition that was passed down to me by a former student of color and I have been waiting for something just like this. I am so excited to hear that another NESCAC school has started a group where people form connections with people who aren't on the team! I am looking forward to getting in touch with you!


What Places Do You Go To When Hanging Out With Friends?
In our current society we can see that the numbers of parties and hang outs have increased. The reason for this is because these are best way to enjoy our life and especially, we can see that youngsters in our society spend most of their time with their friends. They go to different places to have fun with their friends. It is because; whatever we do in our young ages will be the good memory in our life. That's the reason why we have to make more friends and we have to enjoy our life. These days we can see that, most of the college students and working crew hangout with their friends and team whenever they get free times. Most of the hotels and restaurant will be fully packed because of these people. Also, the colleges and working places encourages their students or the workers to hang out and build a good relationship. By doing this unity of that places can be build up.
Generally, most of the people in our society choose the best cafes, best restaurants or best hotels to hang out. The reason for this is that, in theses best places we can obtain the best services. Especially we can get good foods from these places. Another important thing is that, people expect more services and facilities from these places. For example, people expect, big space, friendly customer service, clean surrounding, good interior set ups, Wi-Fi services, parking facilities and other similar facilities etc. also, these are the main aspects which people consider when they are choosing a place to eat.
Moreover, these days' people give importance to the prices of the food. The reason for this is that, most of the good food places sell the food in high prices. And most of the people choose the places according to their budgets. A good example for this is that, most of the high class people go to 5 star restaurants. The reason for this is that, they can get the expected high class services from these places. Also these days there are certain places in which we can get good foods and best services for low prices.
Therefore when we are planning to hang out with our friends, we have to find the best place to hang out. Also these days, a person expects beautiful surroundings and good interior works. The reason for this is that, people get attract to those art works. Also, we can get beautiful photos in those backgrounds.


The American-led forces in Afghanistan must address the country's drug trade because the huge opium and heroin crops are being used by militants to finance their activities, the top United Nations drug official has warned.
Antonio Maria Costa, executive director of the Vienna-based United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, said in an interview here that there were indications that those carrying out violence in Afghanistan were financing their attacks with drug trafficking, and in some places forcing farmers to grow opium poppies.
Mr. Costa said that he had asked the American-led forces here several times to focus on the drug trade, and that he had seen reports that military forces had recently intercepted drug traffickers and had destroyed at least one illegal heroin laboratory.
Afghanistan was the world's largest source of illicit opium in 2002, producing 3,750 tons, according to the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. This year's harvest will be much the same, Mr. Costa said.
His agency, which is supporting a 10-year Afghan government program to eradicate opium and heroin production, estimates that the poppy crop brought $1.2 billion to farmers and traders last year. That is double the Afghan government's yearly budget and roughly the amount spent by the donor countries on reconstruction in Afghanistan last year.
The amount of money ''has very major political and military implications,'' Mr. Costa said. He said Afghanistan was still in danger of falling into the hands of drug traders.
In Badakhshan, a northern province where poppy cultivation has spread this year, farmers chatted freely to visitors last month as they harvested their crops. There seems to be little interference from the authorities here, although the government in Kabul has outlawed growing opium poppies and there have been local efforts in some places to eradicate their cultivation.
Local and foreign officials cite a power vacuum and lack of central government control in many places, as well as poverty and the influence of drug traders and militant groups for the increase in illegal production.
Local officials complain that neither the central government nor international groups help them fight the drug trade. Gen. Muhammad Daoud, the military chief of the four northeastern provinces, said there had been no international assistance to combat the drug trade in the last two years.
The Afghan cabinet is on the point of passing legislation on drug trafficking, Mr. Costa said, but he warned that the struggle to eradicate opium and heroin production would take a generation.
For the farmers, many of whom subsist on what they grow, the draw is the money.
''We know it is bad, but we are poor and that's why we do it,'' said Jorukash, 45, as he and his nephew cut poppy stalks in his fields. He said he could get $100 from his land if he grew wheat, but $1,000 if he grew poppies. Jorukash said he had already collected the opium resin and sold it in the bazaar, and bought grain that would provide enough bread for his family for the winter.


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Makinde felicitates with Oyo residents, urges them to be peaceful
Governor Seyi Makinde of Oyo State
Governor of Oyo State, Seyi Makinde, has congratulated residents of Oyo State and Nigerians in general on witnessing the New Year, praying God to make 2022 a prosperous year for all and sundry.
Makinde, who appreciated all residents of the state for their immense support and cooperation with his government in 2021, urged them not to relent in their support and prayers for Oyo State.
The governor, according to a statement by his Chief Press Secretary, Taiwo Adisa also enjoined Oyo State residents to continue to live in harmony and take precautions regarding the prevention of the COVID-19.
According to Makinde, 2021 was a quite eventful year in the life of our dear state," as it was characterised by developments and moments that could be termed as high and low.
The governor maintained that though there were challenges, the support of the people and their prayers ensured that Oyo State triumphed, with several landmark infrastructure development projects and programmes delivered in line with the focus of his administration to take Oyo State from poverty to prosperity.
"I congratulate all citizens and residents of Oyo State on witnessing the New Year.
"It is my prayer that 2022 will be an exciting, prosperous and rewarding year for our dear state and all its people.
"As a government, we can make one promise; that 2022 will be eventful and it will mark a decisive moment in our agenda to move the state from poverty to prosperity.
"As you would have known, our administration delivered several landmark infrastructure projects in 2021.
While many projects and policies introduced by our government to develop our state are at various stages of completion, we also flagged off several others, with 2022 set as the date line for the completion of all these efforts.
Kaduna Government shuts 2 Schools over alleged rape of minors
Security operatives rescue 9 kidnap victims, kill one Bandit, arrest two others in Kaduna
Oyo State Government
Oyo state Police command


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About The Culling Of Elephants In Botswana
by Ron Thomson
I am amazed at how many elephant management experts there are in the Western World. Gauged by the number of letters of advice that land upon the desk of the Botswana President, Mr Mokgweetsi Masisi, there must be thousands. Now we have more advice from a well-known South African, John Varty, who has never conducted an elephant culling operation in his life – but who, none-the-less, has all the answers to Botswana's massively-excessive elephant population management problem.
Here is my tuppence worth of input to this debate:
Botswana currently suffers from a gross over-population of elephants that started some 60 years ago. No culling or any other kind of overt management has been practised on Botswana's elephants in all this time – thanks to the inadequacies of Mr Masisi's predecessors, – especially the most recent, Mr Ian Khama, who, when he was in office, listened to the advice of nobody but his animal rightists friends. And THEY all demanded that TOTAL PROTECTION MANAGEMENT be applied to Botswana's elephants… which is a recipe for disaster.
Mr Khama obtained most of his advice from a (strongly animal rightist) film-making cameraman called Derek Joubert, whose expertise is definitely NOT elephant management. Mr Joubert, however, like other animal-rights-orientated tourism operators in Botswana, in forging a friendship with Mr Khama, was looking after his own parochial interests – TOURISM. Mr Khama is himself a tourism-orientated businessman. And Mr Joubert persuaded Mr Khama into believing that, for tourism to prosper in Botswana, it was necessary to constantly bombard the country's tourists with massive wildlife spectacles – like huge herds of elephants – every hour of every day. He never once gave a thought to the utterly destroyed habitats in which these elephants lived, nor to the fact that maintaining elephants in these numbers was NOT ecologically sustainable.
Nobody seems to understand – or to care – that sustainable tourism can only be constructed on the establishment and maintenance of well-balanced ecosystems inside the national parks. If the ecosystems (comprising soils, plants and animals) are not stable and well-balanced, they will eventually collapse; and when they collapse so will whatever eco-tourism structures that have been constructed upon them. So the first rule of thumb in the management of an African national park – in the interests of the park's wild animals and in the interests of eco-tourism – is to create and to maintain a well-balanced ecosystem. Mr Khama obviously did not know this. Neither do his animal rightist tourism-business associates – his erstwhile primary advisers.
But Mr Masisi DOES know this, and he is striving, against gigantic odds from an ignorant and misled First World public, to rectify that which his predecessors have ignored.
For many years elephant bulls were allowed to be hunted in Botswana – several hundred every year – and all this did was to (slightly) increase the preponderance of breeding females in the Botswana elephant population. Hence, during the 1990s already, Botswana's elephants were increasing at the rate of 8.3 percent per annum – which gives a population doubling time of about nine years. (An incremental rate of 7.2 percent per annum gives an exact population doubling time of 10 years.) There has never – in Botswana's history – been an elephant management strategy applied that has taken cognizance of elephant numbers, with relative regard to the elephant carrying capacity of the Botswana habitats.
Devastation of habitat for lifetimes to come. Image: Theodore George Pistorius
As a consequence of all this past MIS-management, the elephants of Botswana have grown in number every year for the last 60 years. And during the height of every dry season – August/ September/October/early-November – they have annually eaten out all edible grass and palatable woody plants within 25 kms of the dry season waterholes. And I mean they have eaten the edible vegetation FLAT – into extinction.
Huge numbers of large top-canopy trees have been wiped out (including whole groves of ancient baobab trees – some over 5000 years old); many favourite-food tree species have been eaten into extinction; and entire ecosystems (for example, riverine forests; and deciduous Acacia/Combretum woodlands) have completely disappeared – leaving behind exposed Kalahari sand-soil and little else. And, in the teak forests (which elephants don't fancy eating) they have demolished the understory plant communities in their entirety.
Most of the big Baobabs in upper Delta already destroyed – going for the last younger trees now. Image: Theodore George Pistorius
Under these conditions, as the dry season advances every year, the elephants find it harder and harder to find enough food to stay alive; and as each dry season month passes, they get thinner and thinner. Lactating mothers are the worst affected. And as their milk dries up so their baby calves (which are dependent on mother's milk for survival during their first three years of life) are abandoned. They are abandoned because, without their mother's milk, the babies do not have the energy to walk the (x2) 25 km journey, with their mothers – from the water, to the herd's food supply, and back to the water again – each day. These baby elephants die of starvation, of thirst and/or of heat fatigue; or in the absence of their mothers, they killed and eaten by lions and hyenas.
THIS is the reality of life – and death – for baby elephants in Botswana in this day and age. One benefit of this state of affairs – if you can call it a benefit – is that the multiple baby elephant deaths each year, slows down the otherwise very fast rate of natural elephant population expansion.
Another reality of this scenario is that every other species of herbivorous wild animal is plagued with the same problem – finding enough food to stay alive during the dry season (because the elephants have long ago eaten up all the edible plants). And (like the baby elephants) – because of inadequate nutrition – these other animals do not have the physical strength to make the 25 kms hike (each way) – between water and the location of the distant food supply. So, these lesser animals have to 'somehow' find enough food in this plant-less desert to stay alive – or they die. And they do die!!! In 2013, the Botswana government admitted that all other game species that shared the demolished habitats with the elephants, were in free-fall decline by, on average, 60 percent. Some species were down in number that year, by 90 percent.
And another majestic Baobab destroyed by elephants. Image: Marietjie Viljoen
The reality is, therefore, that by hosting far too many elephants for far too long, Botswana's past political leadership sacrificed the country's biological diversity. Now we have Mokgweetsi Masisi in the saddle – a man of foresight and integrity, who wants to rectify all these wrongs – and all he is getting for his trouble is undeserved invective from people in the First World who do not understand that what Masisi is prescribing is EXACTLY what Botswana needs.
Seronga and upper Delta are devastated by huge amounts of Elephants as we speak —almost all ancient Boababs destroyed and most big trees de barked and dying -this will not recover for lifetimes to come. Image: Theodore George Pistorius
Wildlife management is the action that man takes to achieve man-desired objectives; and culling is the prescribed management practice for reducing an animal population, every year, by its annual increment – ONLY. Culling, therefore, serves the purpose of keeping the elephant population numbers stable.
This, however, is NOT what Botswana's elephants need at this time. Botswana's elephants now number between 10 and 20 times the sustainable carrying capacity of their habitats. They, therefore, need drastic "population reduction management" which has the objective of reducing the size of the elephant population very quickly.
Population reduction management will reduce Botswana's elephants in numbers that are far above the annual population incremental rate. And they will need to be continually reduced in such very large numbers – for several years – until they reach a population number that the habitats can once again sustainably support. The botanical scientists will know when that number has been reached when they record that the habitats have started to recover.
Unless THIS be the management objective – and unless it is achieved – whoever is doing the management of Botswana's elephants, will be wasting his time. And pussy-footing around this emotionally-charged and delicate subject is also just a waste of time. The public needs to have the management needs of Botswana's elephants explained to them "cold-turkey".
Dealing with the byproducts of population reduction, however, is a secondary consideration. We must never lose sight of the fact that the purpose of the exercise is to reduce the number of elephants. Having said THAT, however, responsible and civilised people do not waste valuable natural resources.
Now we have another dubious expert pontificating about abattoirs, where they should be located and how they should be operated. I have carried out elephant population reduction exercises during my long career in African national parks – extensively – and I can tell you that you will have to reduce Botswana's elephants in very large numbers – for several years – to make any kind of impression on their numbers. Far more elephants will have to be 'taken-off' each day, therefore, than even a herd of abattoirs could ever handle.
What happens next (after an abattoir has been constructed) – as happened in Kruger National Park – is that the capacity of the abattoir to handle 'X' number of elephant carcasses per day, becomes the official factor that prescribes how many elephants you can "cull" (or kill) every day. And THAT is putting the cart well before the horse.
Nevertheless, it is possible to kill 50 elephants a day – have 15 carcasses processed by an abattoir each day – and have the remaining 35 carcasses processed 'in the field'. THAT would work! BUT it is NOT O.K. to kill just 15 elephants a day because THAT is all the abattoir can handle. The essence of a population reduction exercise is to reduce the number of elephants. It is NOT to keep abattoirs operating at maximum efficiency. And the wildlife manager must NOT lose sight of that priority consideration.
You don't actually have to have an abattoir at all to effect elephant population reduction in Botswana. In Zimbabwe's Gonarezhou National Park – where I headed the management team that reduced that national park's elephant population from 5000 to 2500 in 1971/72:
We killed, on average, 41.6 elephants a day, every day;
We carried out all the biological work necessary on every carcass (and exactly the same data was recovered in the field in the Gonarezhou as was recovered by the South African scientists during the culling era (1967 to 1994) in the sophisticated Kruger National Park abattoir);
Each animal was measured, sexed and fully biopsied;
The hide was collected in panels, cleaned, salted and stacked;
The meat was collected – cut into strips – salted and dried on chicken-wire racks in the sun (and thus turned into biltong that was deemed, by the veterinarians, to be suitable for human consumption);
The ivory was collected, cleaned and indelibly punch-stamped; and
The remnant bones and guts was all buried deep in the ground – EVERY DAY!
NOTHING – except the intestines and the bones – was really 'wasted'.
NB: Bulls – because they live in their own communities away from the cows – were shot, individually (or in small groups), with heavy calibre hunting rifles. We were conscious of the fact that. Ideally, we should kill one adult bull for every adult cow that we killed in the breeding herds. In practice, however, THAT didn't happen. However, Botswana's intention to resume elephant-bull hunting will 'roughly' take care of the number of bulls that should be removed from the population, too.
The killing operation itself was carried out by three (hand-picked) highly expert game-ranger elephant-hunters, hunting in unison as a team and shooting at point blank range. We used British (=R1) military rifles – The NATO SLR (Self-Loading Rifle) (7.62 mm) – using ordinary pointed military bullets. And the three of us regularly 'put down' between 30 and 50 elephants inside the time span of just 60 seconds. One bullet – one brain-shot – one dead elephant. The biggest number we killed and successfully handled in one day was 57. So ALL this can be done – VERY HUMANELY; in the field; without an abattoir; and without helicopters.
NB: Some sound and solid advice: Don't use helicopters. We used a Piper Super-Cub as our spotter aircraft instead – and it fitted the bill admirably. The elephants ignored the soft hum of this light aircraft's engine overhead.
The very presence of a helicopter in the sky above a herd of elephants, scares the living daylights out of every individual – even those that have never seen a helicopter before. I had a helicopter at my disposal during the entire Gonarezhou exercise (both years) and when I realized just how badly they affect the elephant herds on the ground – scattering them and having every elephant running in panic for the hills – I stopped using it.
As far as the remaining elephants "losing trust" with man – after an elephant population reduction exercise was over – all I can tell you is my experience in this matter. We excluded all tourism activity during the killing exercise itself – but we allowed tourists back into the Gonarezhou National Park after the operation – just a week after we had cleared the ground of all our equipment. And we encountered NO post-operation elephant aggression towards our visitors. This was, perhaps, because we killed every elephant in every breeding herd that we tackled; none escaped wounded; none escaped unwounded.
With regards to the observation that elephant-proof fences "cut off elephant migration routes". That just doesn't happen – simply because elephants do NOT "migrate" – not in the proper sense of that word.
The core of an elephant's home range is that part of its year-round habitat that it occupies during the very restrictive dry season period. This is the range that an elephant is forced to live in during the dry season because water is then the limiting and determining factor – with regards to just where an elephant can or cannot live at that time of the year.
As soon as the rains arrive, and surface water becomes NON-LIMITING, the elephant herds disperse in all directions, over (in the case of Botswana) hundreds of kilometers – moving, during the rains, into Namibia, Angola, Zambia and Zimbabwe (Hwange National Park).
Nevertheless, throughout the wet season elephants regularly visit the dry season part of their home range, too. This means that an elephant's home-range 'pulses' with the seasons: being restricted during the dry season and very expansive during the summer rains – but no part of its overall annual home range is ever completely abandoned.
Animals that truly migrate vacate their winter home range completely – and THAT does NOT happen with elephants. Elephants can be found wandering through their dry season home-range throughout the year.
And, with regard to elephants and fences, they very quickly learn how an elephant-proof game fence restricts their movements. Mr Varty's observations about fences and other game animals, however, might well be valid – and Botswana has experience with this phenomenon. Some years ago, I am informed, tens of thousands of plains game animals died on the foot-and-mouth game fences that had been erected to safeguard Botswana's beef-export industry with Europe.
Nevertheless, elephants can be beneficially restricted to their sanctuary reservations – without any adverse effects – by the use of elephant-proof game fencing.
The only proviso to this observation is that they should ALWAYS be maintained in numbers that do not exceed the carrying capacities of their habitats. Whether or not other game animals – like zebra and wildebeest – can be correctly considered ' migrants', is not an issue that needs to be discussed in this dissertation – which is purely concerned with elephants and their management needs.
Game proof fences will also be a necessity if Botswana is to follow the South African game ranch model, too. So our judgments about the goodness or the badness of game fences should not be too magnanimous or too harsh. Fences have their uses in modern day wildlife management.
Mr Varty is correct in saying that Botswana is a beautiful country with an abundance of free-ranging wildlife; and, yes, it is probably true to say that it is the envy of every country in Africa.
But the current wildlife management state of affairs in Botswana – where the habitats have been annually trashed for the last 60 years by too many elephants – also tells us that the present wild animal (especially elephant) populations are unsustainable.
Under the current elephant population pressure, sooner or later, the wildlife ecosystems of Botswana will collapse – indeed, they are starting to collapse as I write these words – and, when that happens, everything else will crash, too. In this process, Botswana will lose:
All its unique biological diversity;
The fascinating physio-gnomic character of its game reserves; and
Its tourism infrastructure will become an anachronism – because the massive wildlife spectacles (especially the never-ending displays of hundreds and thousands of elephants – that Botswana's tourist operators current rely upon to attract visitors) – will have disappeared.
Mr Masisi's plans, therefore….
To reduce the grossly excessive elephant numbers to a level that will allow the already trashed and massively 'desertified' habitats to recover their former glory:
From that basis to rebuild the strength and the vigour of the currently terribly degraded soils;
To enable the full recovery of the heavily damaged plant communities (the habitats);
To enable the currently dysfunctional ecosystems in the Botswana sanctuaries to recover; and
To effect recovery of the FULL SPECTRUM of Botswana's wonderful wild animal species populations, and fascinating wild plants, in a state of balance with their ecosystems…
… is the right way to address this most important and vexing environmental problem.
I, therefore, agree with Mr Masisi's plans to introduce an elephant population reduction (culling) programme for Botswana. I agree that he should re-introduce elephant hunting as an additional population reduction measure; and I agree that the local rural people of Botswana should become part of a symbiotic partnership arrangement with government in the process of this entire exercise. Only when the rural people accrue significant survival benefits from 'their' elephants will they be incentivized enough to work WITH government to stop all illegal hunting activities – by anybody and everybody.
Further than that, I will not be so arrogant as to tell Mr Masisi HOW he should bring this massive programme into effect.
I make just two further suggestions: that Botswana should not restrict its elephant population reduction programme to the daily capacity of one (or more) abattoirs to handle "X" number of elephant carcasses.
The population reduction exercise is too important a task, and too big a task, for anyone in the government of Botswana to lose sight of the purpose of the population reduction programme. And, in that regard, I recommend that the Botswana Government should agree to a primary population reduction target – and that they should stick to it; and that that primary objective should be to reduce the elephant numbers in Botswana – whatever they may be – to 50 percent of the current standing population number.
The final conclusion to this population reduction exercise – how many MORE elephants will need to be taken off – can and should be determined ONLY following the conclusion of this first step in the exercise.
Original Post: https://www.mahohboh.org/about-the-culling-of-elephants-in-botswana/
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In order to protect the natural landscape and rich biodiversity of the national park, efforts have been made to promote the conservation and survey of wild fauna and flora, as well as the natural landscapes, including the protection project and population survey of Miyajima dragonfly, beach clean-up, investigation of proposed sites for marine parks, and other various projects through cooperation with involved parties.
In collaboration with park volunteers and nature guides, a wide array of nature programs are offered seasonally including nature observation meetings centered on use locations in Mt. Washu and Miyajima Island.
Also, various projects aimed at learning the importance of nature and environment are offered targeting children as junior park rangers.
In order for visitors to get the most out of the national park and interact with nature safely and comfortably, the park facilities such as visitor centers, trails, and campgrounds centered on Mt. Rokko and Goshikidai Plateau are maintained in a good and safe condition.


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You are here: Home / China / Will Alibaba Draw VCs Back to China?
As the Alibaba offering approaches, one can't help wondering why U.S. investors have had so much trouble capitalizing on Chinese tech IPOs.
American tech types have tried repeatedly to capitalize on the country, but factors like partner defections, accounting scandals committed by China-based companies, and a slowdown in the country's GDP growth rate have yielded disappointing returns.
Still, success will only come if a firm is willing to stick it out and take the time to forge relationships within China's close-knit entrepreneurial community, says David Chao, co-founder and general partner of DCM, the early-stage venture firm.
Last week, DCM scored another China-based investment win when Kanbox, a personal cloud storage service that is often likened to Dropbox, was acquired by Alibaba for an undisclosed amount.
Pointing to a separate, recent deal – the Beijing-based search engine Baidu's agreement to pay $1.9 billion for China's popular smartphone app store 91 Wireless – Chao says that it's actually becoming easier for savvy investors to generate returns.
"Five years ago," he observes, "almost all successful Internet companies were destined to go public. Now that you have a second generation of successful Internet companies going public — large cash companies," Internet investors can expect exits through M&A, too.
I ask Chao if it's too late for firms that still haven't made a foray into China — as well as whether he thinks U.S. investors have the intestinal fortitude to stick it out. Will Alibaba be the company that refocuses their attention?


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Little Rock Culture Vulture
Cultural events, places and people in the Little Rock area
About the Little Rock Culture Vulture
Little Rock Cultural Institutions and Organizations (alphabetical)
LR Cultural Sites by Discipline
Shows Seen
NPHS Fall of the House of Usher, ushers in fall
PIPPIN's Magic Just for You
The Lullaby of a Golden Tent Season
Thoroughly Enjoyable Millie(s)
2014 Tony Award Predictions
2015 Tony Awards
2015 Tony Award Nomination Predictions
Tony Award Nomination Analysis
2016 Tony nomination predictions
Where's B? An appreciation of Byrne Blackwood
Little Rock Look Back: City of LR approves 1935 municipal auditorium plan
Posted on August 26, 2017 by Scott
An August 25, 1935, rendering in the ARKANSAS GAZETTE of the proposed Little Rock auditorium at Capitol and Scott Streets.
On August 26, 1935, the City of Little Rock took its first significant step in a decade for the creation of a City auditorium.. Under the leadership of Mayor R. E. Overman, the City Council approved authorization for the City to apply for $1,000,000 from the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works (PWA) for the construction of an auditorium. The PWA had issued a September 16, 1935, deadline for applications to be received as it sought to spend $4.8 billion in construction projects.
The auditorium plan was announced on Saturday, August 24, 1935. Much preparation had already been undertaken before the project was publicly unveiled. Private presentations hhad taken place, a team of architects had been chosen (Eugene Stern and the firm of Wittenberg & Delony), and a location had been selected.
The auditorium complex was slated for a block bounded by Capitol, Scott, Fourth and Cumberland Streets. The Women's City Club building on that block would remain with the new structure being built to wrap around two sides of the existing structure. The site was chosen because it was one block east of the Main Street business corridor and near existing meeting locations such as the Boys Club, Albert Pike Hotel, Albert Pike Masonic Lodge and several churches.
As planned by the architects, this structure's front façade would have run the length of the Capitol Avenue side of the block. The building was proposed to be constructed of concrete, stone and steel. It would have a large hall with a proscenium stage and seating capacity of 4,000 with overflow of an additional 500. The adjoining exhibition hall could seat 3,500 people. The plan called for 150 cars to be parked in the building, and an additional 100 cars to be parked on a surface lot on the site.
Following an August 26 closed door meeting to discuss the project from which members of the public and press were excluded, in open session the City Council voted to pursue the funding for the million dollar auditorium. If approved by the PWA, the funds would be provided in grants and loans, to be paid by over a 35 year period.
The auditorium proposal was filed with the PWA in Washington in September 1935. Throughout the next several months, Mayor Overman and the city were engaged in a series of conversations and negotiations with the PWA for the expansion of both the water system and the sewer system. This diverted attention from pursuing the auditorium immediately. This specific auditorium project stalled. But because the plan had been filed by the September 16 deadline, it allowed the City to make use of PWA funds a few years later which would lead to the construction of Robinson Auditorium.
This entry was posted in Architecture, Government, History, LR Look Back and tagged Arkansas Democrat, Arkansas Gazette, City of Little Rock, Eugene Stern, Little Rock City Council, New Deal, PWA, R. E. Overman, Robinson Center Performance Hall, Wittenberg Delony & Davidson by Scott. Bookmark the permalink.


The CHRIS and PAUL Show Return for one night to showcase some never seen sketches and a few classics. Chris and Paul have honed the uncanny ability to take seemingly predictable situations and attack audiences with such twists that people are left gasping….mostly in shock after their signature surprise endings. Finding success with a stylized modern-day vaudeville act; a tribute to their great comedic inspirations of the past.


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Navajo Code secret 2019 Talker Fleming Begaye Sr.
Navajo Code Talker Fleming Begaye Sr.
Check out this story on azcentral.
Please read the rules before joining the discussion.
CONNECT COMMENT EMAIL MORE Navajo Code Talker Fleming Begaye Sr.
Jonathan Nez and Myron Lizer, president and vice president of the Navajo Nation respectively, announced Begaye's death in a Facebook post on Friday.
May the Creator bless you and your family with strength and comfort.
His funeral is scheduled for May 17, at the Potter's House Church in Chinle at 10 a.
Theodosia Ott, Begaye's granddaughter, said he was one of the smartest and kindest people she had ever known.
He was born in Red Valley, a small, unincorporated community in Apache County roughly one mile west of the New Mexico border in 1921.
He enlisted, was wounded in battle and returned to Arizona where he became a businessman, parlaying a gas station into several stores.
Ott recalled her grandfather's generosity after Thanksgiving when homeless people would approach their doorstep asking for food.
They're somebody's children too.
Photo: Courtesy of Theodosia Ott Ott said she didn't know her grandfather served in World War II until she was about 12 or 13-years-old and saw pictures of him in uniform.
She said her grandfather was initially hesitant to tell her about his time in the war, as Code Talkers were prohibited from doing so until the program was declassified in 1968.
Many were tight-lipped even after the declassification — Begaye included.
Begaye told her how he dropped out of high school to enlist, that referred to ships as click to see more kinds of animals in the Navajo tongue over the radio and telephone.
The Japanese were never able to break it.
Ott said she learned about Begaye's time in the Marines — between 1943 and 1945 — in bits and pieces, as her grandfather suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder.
Begaye was for their service in World War II.
President Donald Trump, standing left, holds up the card of Navajo Code Talker Thomas Begay, center, during their meeting in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, Monday, Nov.
Photo: Susan Walsh, AP Former Navajo Code Talker Peter MacDonald was with Begaye at the White House and recalled Begaye surviving the Battle of Tarawa, swimming to the beach after his landing craft was destroyed.
He also spoke of how Begaye was badly shot this web page another battle and had to be hospitalized at a naval hospital for a year.
Ott, however, said Begaye was hospitalized because of a nearby landmine that exploded.
When Ott asked her grandfather if he was ever afraid, Begaye said "yes" but his duty to his country superseded any fear he harbored.
The two married in August 1945, after which Begaye performed various odd jobs.
The couple had three children.
Ott's mother, Veronica Walter, is the only surviving child.
Begaye eventually started up and ran a gas pump in Chinle in 1960 that evolved into a variety of different shops and businesses collectively called Begaye's Corner until it closed in 1988.
Ott said Begaye and his wife donated much of their money to community programs and the local school.
Navajo Code Talker Thomas H.
Begay right before the start of the Navajo Nation Code Talkers Day parade on Aug.
Brown center watches the Navajo Nation Code Talkers Day parade on Aug.
Brown watches the Navajo Nation Code Talkers Day parade on Aug.
Hayes American Legion Post No.
Newman is helped to his vehicle by his grandson, William Newman, before the start of the Navajo Nation Code Talkers Day parade on Aug.
Begay right and Navajo Code Talker Peter MacDonald greet members secret code victoria free ship the Marine Forces Reserve Band before the start of the Navajo Nation Code Talkers Day parade on Aug.
Newman listens to the Marine Forces Reserve Band during the Navajo Nation Code Talkers Day parade on Aug.
Christopher Lyman plays the taps during the Navajo Nation Code Talkers Day ceremony on Aug.
Brown during the Code secret 2019 Nation Code Talkers Day ceremony on Aug.
Brown is unveiled during the Navajo Nation Code Talkers Day ceremony on Aug.
Newman signs a poster after the Navajo Nation Code Talkers Day ceremony on Aug.
Begay during the Navajo Nation Code Talkers Day parade on Aug.
He also herded cows and sheep on the farm until about 10 years ago when caring for them became too physically exhausting.
But his old age never kept him from tending to his plants — or reading the local papers during his spare time.
Everyday he read the newspaper.
Begaye and Helen lived their life together until she died in 2008.
Ott said Helen could always lift Begaye's spirits, and her grandfather's health quickly deteriorated to the point he needed a pacemaker placed after her death.
She said her grandfather continued to live on, but began saying how much he missed his wife several days before his death.
Begaye and I can't wait to see her.
Follow him on Twitter.
May 24, 2019: Former state lawmaker Doug Todd was instrumental in the creation of Valley freeways as he sponsored legislation that paved the way for loops 101 and 202.
The Republic June 3, 2019: William Tully Brown was a Navajo Code Talker who helped develop a military code used during the Pacific Theater of World War II.
Office of the Navajo Nation President and Vice President May 10, 2019: Navajo Code Talker Fleming Begaye Sr.
He died at age 97.
Courtesy of Theodosia Ott April 12, 2019: Former Mesa Mayor and WWII veteran Wayne Pomeroy died at 96.
His family has operated a clothing click here in downtown Mesa for 68 years.
Courtesy of Lauren Kuby March 10, 2019: Karl Eller was an American business mogul and namesake of University of Arizona's College of Management.
He died of a heart attack at age 75.
Arizona Supreme Court Oct.
She was a candidate for governor in 1986.
She also ran for Arizona Senate.
She founded Corporate Education Consulting in Phoenix and served as its chairwoman.
Corporate Education Consulting Sept.
Jones and his wife, Janet, established the Yavapai College athletics scholarship fund and routinely gave back to the college's community.
He lobbied on behalf of a paid holiday to commemorate Martin Luther King Jr.
His tenure ended with his arrest in a fatal hit-and-run accident and an admission of a cover-up involving child abuse by diocesan priests.
He died at age 82 from complications related to Parkinson's disease.
He was a former Vietnam POW and Navy pilot, was a powerful figure in Washington in his six terms as Arizona senator and twice ran for president.
After a year-long battle with brain cancer, he died at age 81.
She was known for her firm-yet-personable style.
Springer died at age 81 https://slots-bonus-money.website/secret-code/secret-code-android-mobiles.html her home.
Pitt was killed in a Scottsdale-area shooting spree that left 5 others dead.
The Republic file photo April 21, 2018: Roy Hawthorne was a Navajo Code Talker who used his native language as an uncrackable code during World War II.
At 92, he was one of the last surviving Code Talkers.
Supreme Court and the first Native American to take a seat on the Central Arizona Water Conservation District Board.
He died in Flagstaff at 41.
He died at 95.
Associated Press March 9, 2018: Joe Woods, a powerful Mesa and East Valley developer and father of former Arizona Attorney General Grant Woods, died at age 84.
The Republic Navajo Code Talker Teddy Draper Sr.
Draper, who was part of the 5th Marine Division, fought in the Battle of Iwo Jima and received a Purple Heart as well as a Congressional Silver Medal.
Navajo Nation officials say George B.
Navajo Code Talkers Association Oct.
Miller was hired as ASU's athletic director in 1971, and in subsequent years oversaw a major expansion of the university's sports programs, including the addition of numerous women's programs, as well as upgrades to facilities.
His 1979 firing of legendary head football coach Frank Kush triggered threats and a backlash against the university.
Miller was fired in early 1980.
Miller left Arizona and became athletic director at San Diego State University from 1985 to 1995 and continued his involvement in various NCAA efforts.
Miller was inducted into the ASU sports Hall of Fame in 1994.
Special for The Republic Oct code secret 2019, 2017: Former Phoenix Fire Chief, Alan Brunacini, died at age 80.
Brunacini, who served as fire chief for 28 years, joined the Phoenix Fire Department in 1959.
Prior to becoming fire chief in 1978, Brunacini held every sworn position in the organization including a firefighter, engineer, captain, battalion chief and assistant chief.
Brunacini was also the pioneer of the current National Standard on Firefighter Safety, NFPA 1500.
Phoenix Fire Department Oct.
Patterson was a Navajo code talker who used the Navajo language to outsmart the Japanese in World War II.
Navajo Nation Office of the President and Vice President Oct.
Reed was a captain at Fire Station 276 in downtown Tempe for 19 years.
Tempe Fire Medical Rescue Department Oct.
He was in his late 70s.
Carlozzi was a volunteer with the department for nearly 25 years, providing comfort to both citizens and firefighters.
Carlozzi, referred to as Father Carl, worked alongside crews around the Valley to comfort residents going through tragedy.
He also presided over nearly 100 firefighters' weddings and baptized dozens of their children.
After retiring from major league baseball, Hilton founded the Arizona School of Baseball in Scottsdale, teaching many of the state's future stars.
Hilton made more of an impact behind the scenes in youth baseball, code secret 2019 his lasting lessons, his passion and meticulous care to make each player the best he could be.
Known for both his civil-rights activism and religious service, he worked in Phoenix for decades, pushing for equality and cooperation between politicians and faith leaders until the last months of his life.
Special for The Republic Aug.
She was elected to Avondale City Council in 2014 and voted vice mayor in January 2017.
City of Avondale Aug.
Cruz was a prominent Mexican-American community leader and a founding board member of the social-services agency Chicanos Por La Causa.
She helped found CPLC in 1969 and worked for the agency for more than four decades as a social-services counselor.
McClelland helped transition Shamrock into a Phoenix-based entity with a major distribution business.
McClelland was a University of Arizona graduate who guided Shamrock Foods Co.
He served as both chief executive officer and chairman of the family-owned business, including 45 years as CEO.
June 22, 2017: Legendary ASU coach Frank Kush died at age 88.
Kush came to ASU as an assistant coach under Dan Devine in 1955, then was promoted to coach when Devine left for Missouri.
Kush convinced the public to approve a proposition elevating Arizona State College to university status and created a legacy that will extend far beyond his death.
Kush was the face of the fledgling university for more than two decades with football success unequaled before or since.
His teams won 176 games in 22 seasons, the last ending after five games with a controversial firing.
Coronado spent 17 years in Surprise, overseeing the 2003 opening of the city's spring-training stadium that is home to the Texas Rangers and the Kansas City Royals.
City of Surprise June 2, 2017: El Mirage Vice Mayor Joe Ramirez died at 66.
Ramirez was first elected to the El Mirage City Council in 2000.
Mayor Lana Mook said she encouraged him to run again with her check this out 2010, to which he agreed.
Fellow councilmen said he "knew everything about this city," its weak points and strong points.
City of El Mirage May 3, 2017: Pete Garcia, former CEO of Chicanos Por La Causa and president of the Victoria Foundation, died at St.
Garcia led Chicanos Por La Causa for nearly 25 years from 1984 to 2008.
The organization is one of Arizona's largest non-profits, working to empower working-poor families.
Special for The Republic April 10, 2015: Raul Hector Castro, who became Arizona's only Latino governor and a well-traveled U.
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Photo: Courtesy of Theodosia Ott Ott said she didn't know her grandfather served in World War II until she was about 12 code secret 2019 13-years-old and saw pictures of him in uniform.
She said her grandfather was initially hesitant to tell her about his time in the war, as Code Talkers were prohibited from doing so until the https://slots-bonus-money.website/secret-code/game-secret-codes.html was declassified in 1968.
Begaye told her how he dropped out of high school to enlist, that referred to ships as various kinds of animals in the Navajo tongue over the radio and telephone.
He also spoke of how Begaye was badly shot in another battle and had to be hospitalized at a naval hospital for a year.
Begaye eventually started up and ran a gas pump in Chinle in 1960 that evolved ian drake secret code a variety of different shops and businesses collectively called Begaye's Corner until it closed in 1988.
Begay right and Navajo Code Talker Peter MacDonald greet members of the Marine Forces Reserve Band before the start of the Navajo Nation Code Talkers Day parade on Aug.
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The Republic June 3, 2019: William Tully Brown was a Navajo Code Talker who helped develop a military code used during the Pacific Code secret 2019 of World War II.
His family has operated a clothing store in downtown Mesa for 68 years.
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go here a year-long battle with brain cancer, he died at age 81.
Springer died at age 81 in her home.
Special for The Republic Oct 15, 2017: Former Phoenix Fire Chief, Alan Brunacini, died at age 80.
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Coronado spent 17 years in Surprise, overseeing the code secret 2019 opening of the city's spring-training stadium that is home to the Texas Rangers and the Kansas City Royals.
Mayor Lana Mook said she encouraged him to run again with her in 2010, to which he agreed.
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Navajo Code Talker Fleming Begaye Sr. dies at 97
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The name was inspired by the Victorian era home where the company's founder once lived.
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Roy was reportedly disappointed by the lack of choices available for women at the time when purchasing undergarments for his wife.
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