Warren Meyer, one of the first surfacestations.org volunteers, delivered Tucson today. You may remember from the "Red and Blue States" thread on CA that Tucson had the greatest positive temperature trend for any USHCN station after TOBS adjustment. I've been trying to find the words to describe this station, but the pictures really do a better job than I ever could.
The complete photo essay is available at the Tucson album at http://www.surfacestations.org The satellite and aerial photo images there are telling of the environment being measured.
Besides the obvious questions like "why is it in the middle of a parking lot?" and "why would scientists who should know better allow such a bizarre siting for a USHCN climate station of record?" Then there is this burning question: "Why did they go to the trouble of installing a precision aspirated temperature sensor and then not even bother to place it at the standard observing height?".
It appears that the Stevenson Screen serves no other purpose except as an equipment holder, as Warren reports the Stevenson Screen to be empty. Originally the standard mounting boards for the mercury max/min thermometers were mounted about 1.5 foot higher than the air inlet of the precision aspirated temperature sensor. So the lower mounting height for the precision sensor adds a positive bias.
Is there no diligence left in basic measurement?
This entry was written by Anthony Watts, posted on Jul 22, 2007 at 12:58 AM, filed under Surface Record, UHI. Bookmark the permalink. Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post. Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed.
Why yes. The USHCN is diligently recording warming as its boss expects.
The second question is very relevant due to night-time heat release from the underlying surface (which is drastically different than, say, what is observed at the Central Park Station – the issue of network inhomogeneity comes in to the picture) and the warming influence of the reduced sky view factor.
Testing….I think the spam filter is eating EVERYTHING.
At least there's no BBQ in sight. Unless they have a gathering in the parking lot.
But don't worry, this can all be corrected by applying correction factors found by examing tea leaves.
Didn't find a survey report among the thumbnails – the grass is watered via automatic sprinkler system?
Nothing is surprising anymore. It is fascinating that the station is located in the middle of a parking lot when the aerial photos show a large grassy area less than 100 feet NW of the site. While far from perfect, it has to be better than the current location. It's not as if this particular location has some special historical significance. According to NCDC records the station has moved seven times since 1956. Looks like it moved to the current location in 2001 having moved previously in 1998.
The GISS plot of this site is interesting in that the mean annual tempererature dropped fully 3 deg C from 1997 to 1998. The trend since 1998 seems to have settled into a fairly stable range about 1.8 degrees below the high range seen in the early to mid 1990s. Station records show that 1997 was the last year using max-min thermometers with 1998 using "other temperature equipment" (whatever that means). It's clear that something changed significantly in 1998 and it probably wasn't the weather.
Are you sure it is in the parking lot – or is it Mistaken Assumption #13?
Is that true? I'm more and more depressed with almost each station record.
Anthony, did you get already some GHCN photos?
eliminated during and after rainfall when everything is wet.
that they would give better picture of GW.
If they measure pollutant levels they will no doubt notice curiously high CO levels at certain times of the day. What a climate!
Is it possible that you are on Mistaken Assumption #13?
Tucson sprints ahead in the race to the bottom of the World Temperature Measurement Tourney. Surely you must be kidding! Like Gavin, I have no concern whatsoever about composite grid cell accuracy. This station is offset by the one behind the ice rink where the Zamboni dumps all its ice shavings. Sheesh.
#10. Does it rain much in Tucson?
Gerald, are you unable to see the pictures that are posted above? The station is in a fenced enclosure right in between two asphalt areas where vehicles are clearly parked. And on the fenced enclosure is a sign clearly identifying that the equipment inside the enclosure is in fact the USHCN station in question. So are you questioning whether those are actually vehicles parked next to the station? Or are you questioning whether that is actually the USHCN station?
I disagree with Jeff C. in comment 7. A gravel surface next to the parking lot, albeit less than ideal, is more representative of the downtown Tucson urban environment than a heavily irrigated grassy surface.
Even so, with all the other positive bias around, and the problem with the aspirated sensor being 1.5′ below standard observing height, and closer to the surface, the gravel probably doesn't make much difference.
Good point, I didn't see the gravel under the station and just assumed it was a continuation of the asphalt surface surrounding the site. My mistake. That being said, it would be nice if the gravel extended more than 6 feet beyond the instrument.
cooling from 1890 to present. Site is cooled to 1.1C/ century, slighly above the global trend of .8C/ century.
What is the date of this photo showing cars. Atmoz is claiming with an old sat image that the cars he is seeing out his window "may" be the same ones out there now. Well I want to work for the university, if they can afford to throw away or abandon $150,000+ dollars, they afford to pay me an exorbidant salary. After all if Atmoz has been looking out his window all these years and doesn't know if any one uses them, or not and they are beside the station he is watching and you would have to drive over sidewalks to use them, how rigourous could their expectations be? LoL.
Seriuosly, when was the photo taken and is their any reason to believe that someone would abondon automobiles in such a way? I would suggest Atmoz walk by one and see if they have current license tags. That way the validity of any assumptions would be more likely.
This is pretty funny even for a climate scientist. To suggest that the cars have been in the same location for 3 years – LOL.
If it's true (and I don't doubt it, but anything's possible) then "But notice that the parking lot does not connect to any of the streets! If you want to actually park in this lot, you need to drive on the sidewalk." seems reasonable. However I do find it hard to believe that anyone leaves that many vehicles just sitting on a closed street for 3 years. And they're not using the Stevenson Screen.
While I doubt that concrete or asphault with or without gravel is the same as hard AZ dirt (or rocky surfaces out in the 'wilderness') I'll agree that we are measuring the change more so and therefore I think that's a reasonable explanation. All in all, I'd say this isn't a 'bad' location for it.
At least there's no exhaust on it, not close to buildings, no garbage cans, people can't touch it, etc etc.
The cars are not the issue. Wind shelter and the lack of Evapotranspriration ( spell check on isle 3 ) are the issue.
Question to a silly climate scientist. Have you ever been to a community pool in the summer time where concrete surrounds the pool and then you have a nice grass covered park outside the concrete patch?
Ever see a kid WALK on the concrete and RUN on the grass because the latter was too hot? Somebody else sell these guys a vowel cause I'm fresh out.
Actually, if you examine the photos in detail, you can see they are not the same. In the old sat picture they are all white or whitish except for one at the end that is red, and there are no cars towards N Park Avenue. In the picture above, there are cars on the N Park Avenue side, and there are silver and dark vehicles besides the white. As Steve hinted, this is pretty bad, for anybody, much less someone trying scoff at some one else's work. A reasonable examination of the photographs would force a reasonable person to conclude that the vehicles are being used. Since Atmoz couldn't be bothered to actually look at pictures that he choose to comment on, could not walk so far to check for current license tags (he must help with updating tree-rings), I would not stake much hope on him finding a road into the parking lot. Considering the problem that may be at Pike's Peak in terms of actually locating the correct area, I would not hold out much hope for that group finding it either. I certainly hope Steve was exagerating or assuming that Atmoz is some sort of climatologist – comment #23.
I struggle mightily with that line of thought. Climatology-grade sites should be designed to detect very small changes in temperature over long time frames. The typical change is about 0.15C over ten years, which is tiny.
Locating a climatology-grade site in a parking lot puts it into close proximity to human activity, and human activity generally changes on decadal time scales. Parking lots are resurfaced, nearby sidewalks are added or modified, concrete and asphalt surfaces discolor over time, cars spill oil which changes albedo of the surface, nearly trees and shrubs (planted and tended by humans) change in size, car characteristics change, parking habits change, school hours change, tall buildings are built, reflective glass windows change, grass irrigation practices change. These are ones that come to mind right away – there are undoubtedly others which I've missed or which involve things that won't be invented or practiced until decades from today.
None of these makes a big difference individually, but each could modify parking lot temperature in magnitudes similar to the decadal changes being sought. It's quite risky to assume that the sum of the variability is zero.
A climatology-grade site should have few variables, and those variables should be similar across all such climatology-grade sites, so that random variability cancels and systematic variability can be removed. A university parking lot doesn't cut it. What's needed are sites which are distant from human activity and distant from tree, shrub and grass changes – in short, sites which conform to the standards.
but AGW folk concentrate on the TREND in warming. Simply, the hot parking lot got scrching hot.
The issue is these changes, subtle changes, new pavment here, a new building there, an AC unit installed… these undocumented changes can corrupt the record in a way that may not be detectable.
One way to test this is to look at the raw data for the best sites and the raw data for the worst sites.
Re #27 Indeed. So long as the site remained atop asphalt, and nothing else changed, then a long-term trend may have some meaning. The problem is that "nothing else changed" is an improbable assumption for a college parking lot surrounded by development, especially on decadal timescales.
And there are other issues, such as the effect of pavement on diurnal temperature range, which make it tricky to use the data in any comparison with other sites.
The best practice is for all sites to follow the siting standards.
We can see that the USHCN data has a positive bias when compared to the airport data. However, this does not necessarily mean that it is wrong. It is entirely possible that the temperature difference seen is natural, possibly due to elevation differences, or other means. But the two curves follow the same patterns over long time scales. I would argue that the changes in temperature seen are not due to the location of the USHCN surface station because the airport station is not located in a parking lot.
He spends a great dal of effort in the rest of the posting arguing that the siteing of the station will not affect the trend in temeprature data. He then shows data that demonstrates that the is a difference in trend between this site and a nearby one. However creates arguments that it doesn't matter or that there may be different trends at different elevations or that this one is accurate and the other site trend isn't (take your pick – one from column A and two from column B).
The most amazing thing about this is that he does not have an accurate answer at his finger tips.
Re:#30; Hmm, Atomz seems to be explaining away warming trends as being due to natural causes.
Anyway, there is vehicle access to the parking lot via the southeast corner of the lot visible via Google Earth. One can even see evidence on the concrete of their passing. It appears to be a small driveway of sorts that runs south from that corner of the lot and connects to the street.
#27 There used to be a : at the end of the address that messed up the link. The site works.
Anyway, besides finding it hard to beleive that many cars wouldn't get used for three years… What, nobody's ever driven over a sidewalk before? Or put in some asphault or concrete "ramps" for maint. vehicles etc. They look too new, also. Although it's probably not a high volume lot, no. It's not on a main street. However….
Atomz claims that the parking lot will not likely affect a trend in the measurement. However, there are different trends in the parking lot and at a nearby airport with the parking lot trend being higher. This is rather hard to reconcile with a hypothesis that the local environment has not effect on trends. Atomz has no answer for this that I see so he starts waving his arms and writing condescending prose.
Most parking lots are entered by driving over a sidewalk. That is why it is called off-street parking.
I remember seeing this station during my days as an undergraduate at UofA (Class of 2002) and wondering as well about its placement.
When founded in 1885, the university had a single building and was located well outside of town. Since then Tucson has sprawled substantially and engulfed the entirety of the surrounding regions. As I recall, the buildings nearby are mostly 2-4 decades old, but the tall glass building to the north (thinking now of reflected sunlight) is probably the newest of the adjacent buildings.
Since the vehicles in the restricted lot are still shiny from their last wash (no desert dust build up) so I can say with confidence that they are being actively used.
Permits will probably show Sq. ft of the building aditions.
Use Building Sq footage as a proxy for Urbanization.
Note in particular the comparison of urban sites with Diablo Junction, last few pages.
He's clarified it in a post on his blog that he should take out the part about them not moving in 3 years and that his point was this "misc" parking lot didn't get a lot of use. Rather immaterial, but at least he recognizes he was clear.
Anyway, I think something's been missed here. What is the purpose of the land stations? What are we supposed to be measuring? The given purpose is to track what "the climate" is doing, correct? So let's see if we can get there from here.
1. Instruments that are capable of doing so.
2. Instruments that are accurate and remain so.
3. Instruments located in a stable environment.
4. Instruments located where outside influences are known and accounted for.
1. Not not the entire time there hasn't.
2. Not the entire time, maybe not now.
3. Not the entire time, no; not now; climate, stable?
For the sake of argument, let's say we do, though.
What are we trying to measure at the end of it all?
What the overall temperature of the earth is doing, increasing or decreasing or remaining stable, I believe. How are we doing it?
There is an average of 1 anomaly station every 1000 kilometers of area. Obviously, if you have 5 in some specific 1000 kilometers, 4 others don't get measured. That may or may not be important. The point is, there are at most 1 per every 1000 km.
But what are we measuring when we do? The temperature of the air 5 feet off the ground. (Let's not get into how many actually are, or how pristine the temp is; I've got a point here.) So if every 1000 kilometers we were sampling 1 point of air 5 feet off the ground in an area free from other influences with an accurate measurement, and extrapolating that was indicative of the temperature for the entire area (and that was in fact true), what would that mean? Anything?
Probably not even with 1 station, and especially not combined with every other one of the measurements (how that's done, and how it's combined with the SST is another issue that pollutes the meaning of any of it, even if everything else wasn't jacked up, and of course it is, see numbers 1-4 above).
But what we're missing? That we're paying attention to any of that in the first place, or any of the side issues. I think those are all immaterial, and I'll tell you why.
That should have said "not clear" and I'm just guessing it's 'he' no first name or gender-specific language has been used.
Back to my rant about what we're missing.
We still don't know what it is we're actually measuring, do we? Regardless of its dubious accuracy or not. I said earlier we were measuring the temperature of "the air" 5 feet off the ground in order to track the anomalies. We're not really. We are measuring how much heat the ground is absorbing and how much heat the ground is releasing, and how that mixes with air 5 feet up. We are basically tracking the anomalies of the ground. That is, if there are no other sources absorbing and releasing heat nearby. And if there are no other influences affecting the air itself. Pretty tall order to fill.
In the case of this station, we are really tracking how much heat the fence, asphault, and gravel absorb and give off and how that mixes with the air at the thermometer. In the case of one where the thermometer is in grass, we are measuring the ground and the grass and how that mixes with the air at the thermometer. You get the point.
We are in large part not tracking anomalies of climate, but tracking the heat absorbtion abilities of asphault, and how it mixes with air at a thermometer location. How many of the stations are at airports on asphault? Interesting question, no?
Of course, it is true that anywhere we measure we're measuring that same thing, and it is the temperature, and it is indicative of the temperature variations around that area of the datapoint. So that's rather obvious, but perhaps not. But it's not just "air" free from influences we're measuring, it's what the surface 5 feet under the air is doing and how that's mixing with the air.
But what we're really missing?
Even if the air at 5 feet was not influenced at all by what's under (and/or around) it, which is clearly impossible, it doesn't matter: We are working with models. Think about what was said.
The location was not picked to measure the air, or measure the climate, or to get the anomalies of such things. The location was picked to have the readings not be like the climate at the measurement location, it was picked to give the readings of someplace else. What possible meaning is there to the measurements if we're artifically trying to mimic "what it's really like"?
So rather than getting the readings of the area we're in, we purposely are trying to skew the measurements so they are like another location. Why not just put the damn thermometer in the freezer, or on a roof, or inside a car trunk, or bury it ten feet underground? Why not mail it to somebody in Hawaii to take the measurements? Why not put the sensor on a 100 foot pole, or put it into the gulf stream, or throw it in the ocean? Why bother taking them at all?
We're guessing the asphault is more like what Tucson (or the desert or the mountains or some native shrubby grass) is actually "like", so we purposely bias the thermometer to make it look more like that. So now we have another reading of what the surface of a runway is like and how it behaves.
What we have a bunch of data on how asphault covers more of the surface of the earth and what its thermal properties are in various strengths and amounts of sunlight, wind, humidity, rainfall, etc, for different locations. On purpose.
If you can change the measurements of the air by changing the underlying surface, you are measuring the surface and what it does. There is no way the surface doesn't have its own anomalies, so that's what we get.
The anomaly method fixes everything.
In light of record low winter temps in the Southern Hemisphere: in Brisbane, AUS, lowest low since establishment; record lows and first snow in Buenos Aires since 1918, record lows and snow twice in the past weeks in Santiago de Chile, record lows and deaths due to severe cold in Peru, etc., etc, is there anything comparable on record re: deep cold "waves/snaps" for either NH or SH?
Please tell us that you are being sarcastic. Geoff.
I think steve mosher has in implicit sarcasm atg. The trick is guessing when he isn't being sarcastic!
Why is it you don't see the errors until 0.1 seconds after you press Submit?
Sorry, sometimes I can't even tell when I'm being sarcastic.
There's a difference between hard packed dirt and asphault. That is, it's ability to store heat.
Individual grains of sand have an irregular shape. When they are pressed against each other, even in hardpack, the grains only touch each other at the ends of each grains protrusions.
The tar in asphault fills in the spaces between individual pieces of the aggregate. As a result, asphault is much more efficient at transporting heat from the surface, where the sun is heating it.
50: Also, I think the specific heat of asphalt is very high.
28: Hmmm, I'm not so sure that some heat source like asphalt or nearby buildings do not influence the anomaly. If the true temperature increases, because of, say, increased TSI, the Tmax of the asphalt probably increases more than that. If so, that could create an upward trend that is greater than the upward trend of the true temperature. The AC units are even more of a problem, since they run more the higher the temperature, and this would defintely exaggerate any true temperature effects.
These pictures raise the question of whether the warming bias in the temperature record may be intentional. I would normally assume stupidity rather than malice, but when the university Department of Atmospheric Science is responsible for recording data – how could they not know this station is not a good quality station? These people get their funding by scaring people with alarming scenarios of impending doom from global warming.
This is a major embarrassment to the University of Arizona and to the Department of Atmospheric Science. If I was a prof there, I would have been jumping up and down years ago to get this changed. This is not simple incompetence.
This is not simple incompetence.
No, it's publicly funded incompetence.
I am pretty surprised that the author of that heat wave report never even glanced down the urban/rural path in looking at factors affecting the heatwave. Even if he only brought the issue up in order to summarily dismiss it, the absence of any discussion at all is pretty surprising. Given similar findings are both high altitude rural stations and low altitude costal rural stations, isn't there any innate curiousity that would cause him to question whether the urban influence had any factor in the changes? Especially since high nighttime temperatures and elevated dewpoints are hallmarks of urban heat island effects?
You can usually tell when Steve Mosher is being sarcastic. He's typing. 😀 I almost always agree with him, tho. Just FYI.
I wasn't going to out the Atmoz person specifically, with specifics, (notice my wording in my rant) but now that I see others are picking up on it, and the person is posting on other blogs with the same info, it's appropriate I believe.
The blog states that the person, N. Johnson from the reply, is a graduate student in the atmospheric sciences department whose current area of study is the impact of aerosols on stratocumulus microphysics. So a cloud focused climate scientist type. Who's going to bring up the "but you don't work in this particular field" card first? I'd hope it would be the AGW folk, since they love to do that it seems.
Just because the station is located in a hot spot means it will add a positive bias, but it does not necessarily mean that it will introduce a change in the trend.
Of course it will introduce a change in the trend, the material is different. But nice of you to admit that the surface influences the readings, and that some sites are being purposly chosen to bias the readings a certain way. So they can then be corrected? This makes absolutely no sense.
I tried to find a plot of the spectral emissivity of dry soil, but couldn't locate one quickly.
Have you had time yet? And if so, did you find 1 answer?
I would posit that the dry soil has spectral characteristics more closely related to the asphalt than the grass.
Some numbers would be nice. But let's see…. "I'm guessing dry dirt is like asphault" Um, no, it's not.
Nope, it turns out we're interested in the change in temperature.
Nope, we're interested in accurate change in natural temperature over time that is free from adjustments and tweaks.
I'm not sure if any of you have been to Tucson, or anywhere else in the Southwest, but there isn't a lot of natural grass.
"Anyone reading this blog ever been to the Southwest?" Um, I doubt that's possible at all.
Of course some of us have been there. Know where Sierra Vista is?
No matter. If you want to measure the "native rocky terrain of the Southwest" put the thermometer on the "native rocky terrain of the Southwest". And here's an interesting point; possibly the "native rocky terrain of the Southwest" in point A, may react differently than the "native rocky terrain of the Southwest" of point B or C or D or ZZ?
3. Absolute temperature matters not just trend. TREND doesnt melt ice or expand oceans.
I don't knw why these guys just don't take the approach gavin did and suggest that we calculate trend using only the good sites.
Putting them [the thermometers] all above the same type of surface may seem like an interesting way to make the data the same, but you're still just measuring how the thermal characterists of the substance acts in mixing with the air 5 feet up. You're measuring asphalt and air. Or whatever and air.
Take for example a few different locations. They aren't all going to have the same amount of sunlight (how much the material warms, how much heat will be released), the same age or condition (and if not planned correctly or using the same material there versus new, thickness) of the material (rate of absorbtion and release, which would change depending on the amount of sunlight – say 10 hours a day versus 2, the material ages differently), the type of soil underneath and the amount of moisture in that soil (also affecting the material's condition and properties), and the temperature of the air and the amount of water vapour in it (which is in turn affected by air windspeed and direction).
The thermometer needs to be located away from human and environmental influences, and in a place indicitive of the area.
The USHCN station and the sign have been removed. I went by the location and took a couple of pictures this morning June 25th 2008.
The unit was mounted in a location that obviously biased the readings to the high side. A couple of the vehicles do look like they have been parked there for maybe a year. There was not nearly enough dust to demonstrate a three year stay. But none of the vehicles in the picture are there.
The pan directly underneath the unit was metal filled with sand. Fully 10% of the pan was bare and none of the sand covered more than 1/4″ deep. The gravel surround was just a hastily shoveled covering with no flora. The surrounding buildings reflect a large amount of solar radiation from one side in the morning and then the other side in the afternoon. The buildings also block the natural air currents.
All in all I would say that one of three things possibly transpired here.
1. The job was doled out to some maintenance department and they were just told to move and re-install the station.
2. One of the typically well-indoctrinated but poorly educated graduate students was in charge of the relocation and installation.
3. One of the typically liberal and agenda driven professors did the job this way on purpose.
HAve you posted the pictures at Anthony's website? They sound interesting.
Being in a bit of a hurry this morning I only took two photos of the missing station. The area is a short drive for me so if anyone would like a more complete photo essay of the site and surroundings please let me know. Also where do I find "Anthony's website"?
Yes, a full set of photos of the "empty" site would be nice, as well as a survey of the new site, if you can find it.
I was a student there in the late 80's, I don't remember the weather station, I have a recollection of stuff on the roof of the Physics and Atmospheric Sciences building, but that might of been different instruments. The Gould-Simpson building to the west went in the late 80's, and it would of made the heat worse, I do recall that building causing an oven like effect between it and the PAS building.
About the parking lot, some time in the past, that would of been a working parking lot, (you could park near your building!) Heat stroke has became a desirable property during the time I was there and parking has been consolidate towards large structures at the edges of campus. I doubt the station was in the parking lot during the 70's.
To be fair to the people at the U of A there is no good place to get a consistent temperature measurement on campus, the place seems to exist for the benefit of building contractors.
USHCN offers "Average Mean Temperature" as well as "Average Urban Heat-Adjusted Mean Temperature" monthly data for many of its sites. They also offer the same analysis for a site's minimum and maximum temperatures. See here , bottom portion of page, for access to such data for Tucson, AZ.
This plot prompts several comments as well as a simple question.
I can rationalize the strong UHI adjustments to the minimum temperature as well as the weaker, UHI opposite-sign adjustments to max temperatures. I have difficulty accepting, at first glance, the early-50s sudden increase in UHI adjustments and the circa 1990 leveling of the adjustments but perhaps there are good reasons for those. What I struggle with is the difference between "average mean" temperature and the corresponding "(min +max)/2" temperature. It seems like they should be the same. My tired brain is undoubtedly overlooking the obvious answer to this elementary question so, if anyone would kindly explain the difference, I'll greatly appreciate it.
David, are not the mean temperatures adjusted for MMTS and TOBS while the Tmin and Tmax are not.
When I plotted the listed mean (average temperatures) for this station versus the calculated (Tmin + Tmax)/2, I got good agreement in recent times with poorer agreement going back in time.
I'm confused. The chart seems to say that UHI currently increases Tucson minimum daily temps by about 3 degrees, but also DECREASES maximum daily temp by about 1/3 degree. Is that what they really mean?
If more time is spent below the (min+max)/2 value than above, this would explain it. Also other odd daily curve shapes. This can be worked out if hourly readings are recorded as well as the daily max/min.
RE #67 thanks, pjm. Perhaps that's the case, though I'd be surprised to learn that Tucson has hourly data back to 1907.
My understanding is that USHCN uses only two values, daily min and daily max, in their temperature calculations, even if hourly data is available.
Tucson sits in the middle of the Sonora desert. I have visited Tucson since 1968 and was spending a week a year there from 1985 til 2003. One should consider the amount of vegitation that has been planted there over the years as the town grew. So depending on sta. siting direction of wind etc. this could explain the difference. If this is the station at the university there are no adjustments that could take into account all of the problems at that site.
The USHCN data base contains monthly maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin), and mean temperature (Tmean) data (expressed to the nearest hundredth of a degree fahrenheit) for each of the of the four types of adjusted data records. There is also a FILNET mean data set that is the mean monthly temperature calculated from the FILNET-adjusted maximum temperature and the FILNET adjusted minimum temperature data sets.
That seems to indicate that the adjusted data exists for min and max. If so, then why not present that data at the website.
A related puzzle for me is that the difference between the green curve and the dashed curve grows over time rather steadily. That doesn't match how I would expect MMTS and TOBS to behave.
I may be turned the wrong way on this and thereby missing the obvious, simple explanation.
Re #70 jc, I think your interpretation is correct – the graphic suggests that UHI raises the nighttime temperature and (slightly) lowers the daytime temperature.
My calculations showed just the opposite – the difference diminishes going forward in time.
David, as I recall, the Filenet includes all the corrections save UHI, i.e. Areal, SHAP, TOBS and MMT. I do not believe the OBS and probably the MMT (not so sure here) corrections are conveniently or meaningfully applied to the maxT and minT. As I also recall, USHCN has a data set series called calculated Mean which is, I think, (Tmax +Tmin)/2 and a second series called mean temperature which I assume has the corrections noted above.
David, I calculated the differences for both Tucson, AZ filenet and urban adjusted temperature series for Tave – (Tmin+Tmax)/2 and I obtained, in both cases, a diminishing difference going forward in time.
The differences for (Tmin+Tmax)/2 between the filenet and urban adjusted were small compared to the differences between these two series for Tave. This result indicates to me that the Tmin and Tmax temperatures for the USHCN urban adjustment do not receive any or very little of the urban adjustment given the Tave temperature.
Re #74 Kenneth, thanks for the check on Tucson. I've explained my puzzle poorly and, as a result, we may be talking past each other.
The graph shows the difference between mean and (max+min)/2 for the UHI-adjusted data (red line) and also for the non-UHI adjusted data (blue line). As you note, both the red line and the blue line move towards zero as time progresses.
My question has to do with the difference between the blue line and the red line. That difference (blue minus red) becomes greater as time progresses. I don't understand why. There is probably a simple and obvious explanation, but it escapes me at the moment.
Increasing urbanization creates more and more urban heat over time, which increases how much it's removed. It's only a few tenths of a degree, and only for the mean of the high and low hour anyway. And it's originally measured in whole degrees anyway. Don't worry about it. It's not really there.
David, the differences that you see between the T ave – (Tmin + Tmin)/2 and UTave – UTmin + UTmax)/2 over time can be shown to be entirely due to the differences between (Tmin + Tmax)/2 and (UTmin + UTmax)/2 and goes from 0.02 degrees F at 1904 to 0.17 degrees F present time. Therefore, the difference that is of interest to you in your post is a difference in the minimum and maximum temperatures between the filenet and urban adjusted temperature series. This in turn indicates that an adjustment is made to the minimum and maximum temperature on going from filenet to urban adjusted, but that it is of a magnitude less than that made to the average temperatures going from filenet to urban adjusted (0.2 degrees F at 1904 to 1.4 degrees F at present time).
I need to recheck this observation but as I recall there was an additional adjustment to the urban adjusted temperature series beyond that for the UHI and it involved adjustments for missing and questionable data. That, however, does not make sense of the differences that we see going forward. I do know that when you work with the individual data series using the raw data some of these differences become more apparent. Too bad it is not explained in detail in the readme files.
If you are like me, you will want to attempt to find this difference yourself before going to the source.
Re #77 Ken, thanks. I plan to back to square one and work my way forward from the original data. It's a learning exercise for me.
While I do that I think I'll try to develop a step by step flowsheet to illuminate all the steps and decision points. The lowly flowchart can be quite helpful at times.
David, a flow chart would be a great tool for looking at and analyzing some of these puzzles we see with USHCN temperature series.
I think I can rationalize the differences between the (Tmin+Tmax)/2 and Tave temperatures for the progressively more adjusted USHCN series prior to the urban adjusted, but given the readme statements from USHCN below, I cannot do the same for the urban adjustment.
I base that thought on the proposition that the urban adjustments are made to the maximum and minimum temperatures as noted by the evidence shown in the graphs in Re: David Smith (#66), for the Tmin and Tmax between the filenet and urban adjusted data series. I think that the answer may be in the Karl paper on the urban adjustment.
Perhaps an adjustment made to the maximum and minimum temperatures is also applied independently to the average temperatures.
Finally, I think it is worth noting that the urban adjustments appear large for Tucson in light of some of the data sets where these adjustments are minimized in importance. It is also interesting to see the inflection points in the adjustments and the large difference and direction in the adjustment to the minimum versus maximum temperatures – as David has noted in this same graph.
David, the link and excerpt below shows that NOAA/NCDC/USHCN recognize that the calculated (Tmin +Tmax)/2 does not necessarily equal the value for Tave – otherwise why publish a Tave and calculated Tave series of temperatures. The remaining question is why they differ.
So far, I have only been able to find an abstract of the Karl et al. (1988) paper on the urban adjustment. I have also noted that this adjustment leads only to a 0.06 degree change in the US temperature trend over the 20th century.
The USHCN data base contains urban adjusted monthly maximum (urban.max.Z), minimum (urban.min.Z),and mean (urban.mean.Z) temperature data (in hundredths of degrees fahrenheit) for the 1221 USHCN stations. There is also an urban mean data set (urban.mean.calc.Z) that is the mean monthly temperature calculated from the urban adjusted maximum temperature (urban.max.Z) and the urban adjusted minimum (urban.min.Z) data sets.
David, I think we should not bother with the urban adjusted differences between (UTmin+UTmax)/2 and UTave and here is why.
USHCN Version 2 data became available in recent months which has replaced the Karl urbanization adjustment and siting adjustments with a 'change point detection algorithm' that NCDC` believes will better identify previously undocumented inhomogeneities.
In the original HCN, the regression-based approach of Karl et al. (1988) was employed to account for urban heat islands. In contrast, no specific urban correction is applied in HCN version 2 because the change-point detection algorithm effectively accounts for any "local" trend at any individual station. In other words, the impact of urbanization and other changes in land use is likely small in HCN version 2.
The link below gives the adjusted version 2 average, minimum and maximum temperatures for the 1221 USHCN stations. I extracted these data for Tucson, AZ station number 28815 and compared the Tave to (Tmin + Tmax)/2 and they agree completely. David, they have moved on and I suspect that we should follow suit.
Now that I have the latest and greatest version of the Tucson final adjusted temperature (Version 2), I thought it would be appropriate to compare it to the urban and filenet versions from earlier times. The graph below shows that comparison.
Additionally I did regressions for these three temperature series for the time period 1895-2006 and report a summary of those calculations below. Lag 1 r is the lag 1 autocorrelation for the regression residuals. The trends are in degrees C per decade.
I wanted to comment in more detail in this post on my findings from above with regard to the trends that are calculated from the various USHCN temperature versions and now also including the GISS temperature data for the University of AZ station.
What I find most interesting and worthy of further discussion and analysis is the relatively large adjustment in the USCHN temperature data on going from filenet to urban adjusted. It amounts to approximately a 0.7 degree C per century adjustment or 1/3 of the temperature trend prior to the UHI adjustment. I would think that such large adjustments could be subject to large errors and/or uncertainties. Remembing also that the Karl adjustments for UHI effects for the USHCN temperatures are based on populations and considering that simplistic approach in light of what we have found for the Watts and team CRN quality findings, regardless of population considerations, and the correlations with temperature trends, one has to have some major doubts about the uncertainty of those adjustments over time.
When we compare the two different UHI adjusted USHCN temperature series, i.e. the urban adjusted and Version 2 adjusted, we see further uncertainties in the comparison of the 1.17 degrees C per century for Ver2 and 1.44 degrees C per century for the Urban adjusted. Also note the lower Stdev of the trend for the Ver 2 series and its lower lag 1 auto correlation of the regression residuals when compared to the comparable values for the urban adjusted series.
I am in the process of comparing by station the USHCN temperature series Version 2 adjusted, Urban adjusted, Filenet adjusted, TOBS adjusted, Areal adjusted and GISS temperature series. I found that the default GISS temperature series that I used in the comparison in the previous post on this thread is comparable to the USHCN Filenet and that another series listed as Homogenous adjusted is probably closer to the USHCN Version 2. To show a more complete comparison I have listed the previous regressions and the new one for the GISS Homogenous adjusted series below. The trends are in degrees C per decade.
I also have included a plot of the difference between the USHCN Version 2 temperature series and the GISS Homogenous for the period 1895-2006. The differences are in degrees F. While the regressions of these two time series would seem to indicate that there are similarities in the trends over time, the difference plots shows some substantial differences from year to year.


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Das Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) ist ein Paketverwaltungssystem, das im Bereich des Betriebssystems Debian entstanden ist und dpkg zur eigentlichen Paketverwaltung benutzt.
Ziel ist es, eine einfache Möglichkeit zur Suche, Installation und Aktualisierung von Programmpaketen zur Verfügung zu stellen. APT besteht aus einer Programmbibliothek und mehreren diese Bibliothek nutzenden Kommandozeilen-Programmen, von denen apt-get und apt-cache zentral sind.

APT steht auch in OpenSolaris zur Verfügung (es wurde in die Distribution Nexenta OS aufgenommen) und wurde auch auf macOS portiert, wo es im Rahmen des Fink-Projektes zur Installation von Debian-Softwarepaketen genutzt wird.

Interna
In der Datei /etc/apt/sources.list stehen die sogenannten Repositories, also Quellen für Pakete. Dies können entweder CDs oder DVDs, Verzeichnisse auf der Festplatte oder, öfter, Verzeichnisse auf HTTP- oder FTP-Servern sein.
Befindet sich das gesuchte Paket auf einem Server (oder einem lokalen Datenträger), so wird dieses automatisch heruntergeladen und installiert.

Die Pakete liegen im Debian-Paketformat (.deb) vor, in dem auch die jeweiligen Abhängigkeiten der Programmpakete untereinander abgelegt sind. So werden automatisch für ein Programm auch eventuell erforderliche Programmbibliotheken mit heruntergeladen und installiert.

APT setzt auf dpkg auf. APT beschäftigt sich in erster Linie mit der Beschaffung von Paketen, dem Vergleich von verfügbaren Versionen der Pakete und der Verwaltung von Paket-Archiven.

Anwendungsbeispiele
 apt-get install paketname installiert ein Paket und sämtliche Abhängigkeiten und in der Standardeinstellung zusätzlich empfohlene Pakete (engl. recommends).
 apt-get remove paketname entfernt ein vorhandenes Paket und die Pakete, die von diesem abhängen. Abhängigkeiten dieser Pakete oder Konfigurationsdateien werden jedoch nicht entfernt.
 apt-get --purge remove paketname entfernt ein Paket und die Konfigurationsdateien.
 apt-get upgrade bringt, sofern möglich, alle Pakete auf den neuesten Stand, installiert jedoch keine neuen Pakete (was evtl. nötig ist, um das System aktuell zu halten, falls sich Abhängigkeiten geändert haben)
 apt-get dist-upgrade bringt alle Pakete auf den neuesten Stand und installiert bei Bedarf neue Pakete oder entfernt Pakete, die mit den zu installierenden Paketen in Konflikt stehen.
 apt-get update holt die neuesten Informationen über Pakete vom Debian-Server.
 apt-get source paketname holt den Quelltext des Paketes vom Debian-Server in das aktuelle Verzeichnis.
 apt-cache search suchwort sucht nach Programmen.
 zum Finden von Programmen oder Dateien in noch nicht installierten Paketen kann das separate Tool apt-file oder auch dpkg -L verwendet werden

Will der Benutzer beispielsweise Gnome installieren:

 # apt-get install gnome
 Paketlisten werden gelesen... Fertig
 Abhängigkeitsbaum wird aufgebaut... Fertig
 Die folgenden zusätzlichen Pakete werden installiert:
  abiword-common abiword-gnome bluefish evolution gnome-office gtkhtml3.0
  libenchant1 libgal2.0-6 libgal2.0-common libgtkhtml3.0-4 libpq3 libsoup2.0-0
  planner
 Vorgeschlagene Pakete:
  abiword-plugins abiword-plugins-gnome abiword-doc weblint gnome-spell
  postgresql-doc postgresql-client
 Empfohlene Pakete:
  abiword abiword-help gnucash
 Die folgenden NEUEN Pakete werden installiert:
  abiword-common abiword-gnome bluefish evolution gnome gnome-office
  gtkhtml3.0 libenchant1 libgal2.0-6 libgal2.0-common libgtkhtml3.0-4 libpq3
  libsoup2.0-0 planner
 0 aktualisiert, 14 neu installiert, 0 zu entfernen und 136 nicht aktualisiert.
 Es müssen noch 16,3 MB von 17,9 MB Archiven geholt werden.
 Nach dem Auspacken werden 53,8 MB Plattenplatz zusätzlich benutzt.
 Möchten Sie fortfahren? [J/n]

Frontends
apt-get war das erste Frontend – befehlszeilenbasiert – das innerhalb des Projekts entwickelt wurde. apt ist ein zweites Kommandozeilen-basiertes Frontend von APT, das einige Designfehler von apt-get überwindet. Daneben gibt es weitere Frontends für die Paketverwaltung, die APT verwenden. Aptitude bietet eine zeichenorientierte Benutzerschnittstelle. Synaptic ist ein GUI-Frontend für die Desktop-Umgebung. Unter KDE stehen außerdem die Programme Adept oder KPackageKit zur Verfügung. Letzteres unterstützt neben APT zusätzlich weitere Systeme wie RPM. Mit der auf der Abstraktionsschicht QApt aufbauenden Muon Package Management Suite sind daneben auch weitere GUI-Frontends in der Entwicklung.

Smart Package Manager kann ebenfalls auf Repositories zugreifen, die für APT erstellt wurden. Er nutzt dabei aber nicht APT, sondern eigene Routinen.

Mit Fink und Cydia stehen Frontends für macOS und dessen Derivate zur Verfügung.

APT-RPM

Obwohl ursprünglich für Debian-Programmpakete geschrieben, wurde APT später auch auf RPM-Systeme portiert. Gustavo Niemeyer führte die Portierung für die Linux-Distribution Conectiva durch und pflegte diese geraume Zeit als Maintainer.
Inzwischen arbeitet er aber hauptsächlich an seinem neuen Projekt Smart Package Manager, und APT-RPM wird von anderen Entwicklern gepflegt und weiterentwickelt.

Apt-cacher und apt-proxy
Wer mehrere Rechner mit einer APT-basierten Paketverwaltung im Netz hat, kann sein Netz und die Server, die die Pakete zur Verfügung stellen, erheblich entlasten, indem er eines dieser Programme einsetzt. Im Gegensatz zu weniger spezifischen Proxyservern wie etwa Squid, die nur die in den Übertragungsprotokollen enthaltenen Informationen verwenden können, kennen und verwerten diese Proxys die Paket-Struktur und sichern die Aktualität ihrer gespeicherten Daten entsprechend. Apt-cacher kann so eingestellt werden, dass er sich in regelmäßigen Abständen automatisch aktualisiert.

apt-offline
Mit apt-offline besteht die Möglichkeit, apt auch auf PCs ohne Internet-Anbindung zu benutzen.

Mit apt-offline können sogenannte Signatur-Dateien erstellt werden, die eine Art Liste von offline verfügbaren Paketen darstellt. Auf einem Rechner mit Internet-Anbindung werden alle neuen Pakete und Updates in einem ZIP-Archiv abgelegt. Auf dem Offline-Rechner können dann wiederum die Pakete im normalen apt-Cache eingehängt werden.

Weblinks
 Debian Wiki: APT
 Deutschsprachige Anleitung

Einzelnachweise

Freie Installationssoftware
Debian
Linux-Software
Unix-Software
Solaris-Software
BSD-Software

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Global Measures
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The ICCE Newsletter, Issue Number 12
Issue #12 of the ICCE Newsletter is now available. Please click here to access the Newsletter for a summary of recent developments, including updates from Thailand and Malaysia, a report on the DIFC Courts and the ICCE conference, and an article on the topic of judicial well-being from Chief Judge Jan-Marie Doogue of the District Court of New Zealand.
Review of the International Framework for Court Excellence 2nd Edition
The Executive Committee for the International Consortium for Court Excellence is currently undertaking a review of the 2nd edition of the International Framework for Court Excellence with the view to developing a 3rd Edition. We invite members and other interested organisations to have input into its development by providing us with feedback on the IFCE. Please click here for the Consultation Paper outlining the various issues the Consortium is considering in its review and a template form for providing feedback. Please return the form with your feedback to liz.richardson@monash.edu by C.O.B. Friday 12 October 2018, or if you would prefer to receive a Word version of the feedback template.
Issue #11 of the ICCE Newsletter is now available. Please click here to access the Newsletter for a summary of recent developments, including an interview with Dan Hall, Chair of the ICCE Executive Committee, news about regional forums in Columbia, Sri Lanka, and Singapore. The newsletter also contains feature articles from Indonesia and the District Court of New Zealand.
International Conference for Court Excellence to be Held in Dubai
The International Consortium for Court Excellence is pleased to announce that registrations are now open for the International Conference on Court Excellence in Dubai, to be hosted by the Dubai International Financial Centre Courts on 7-8 November 2018.
Please click here for information and registration.
Issue #10 of the ICCE Newsletter is now available. Please click here to access the Newsletter for a summary of recent developments, including international updates from Indonesia, Singapore, and Dubai, and a feature article on the 2019 IFCE Assessment to be conducted by the District Court of New Zealand.
The Framework for Court Excellence in Indonesian Translation
The Indonesia Judiciary has kindly provided a version of the Framework for Court Excellence in Indonesian. To access this resource, please go to the Resources/The Framework section, or click here to access directly.
The ICCE Newsletter, Issue Number 9
Issue #9 of the ICCE Newsletter is now available. Please click here to access the Newsletter for a summary of recent developments, including a report on the NACM-IACA conference, a membership update, an update from the Executive Committee, a list of new publications including the Second Edition of the Global Measures of Court Performance, and more.
IFCE Use and Impact Research Paper Now Available
The Secretariat of the International Consortium for Court Excellence has recently published a research paper by Dr Liz Richardson entitled the 'Use, Modification and Impact of the International Framework for Court Excellence' canvassing the ways in which the IFCE has been utilized in the different jurisdictions around the globe. The paper, containing 14 Court Summaries, will be an important resource for courts and tribunals and will assist the Consortium in developing the next edition of the IFCE. The Research Report can be accessed here.
Issue #8 of the ICCE Newsletter is now available. Please click here to access the Newsletter for a summary of recent developments, including a membership update, notes on new resources, international updates from Namibia and a feature article on Achieving Court Excellence from Hon. Justice Brian J. Preston and Ms. Joanne Gray.
(December 2016)
Announcing the Innovation and Excellence in Courts Conference 2017
The Supreme Court of Victoria, in collaboration with the Australasian Institute of Judicial Administration, is pleased to announce that the Innovation and Excellence in Courts Conference 2017 will be held in Melbourne, Australia on the 27 and 28 March 2017. Conference themes include Operational Agility, Transforming Service Delivery, Reforming Service Delivery, Excellence Frameworks and Performance Management. The Call for Papers closes on 31 January 2017. More information about the conference can be found at www.courtinnovationconference.com.au.
New Report on Court Excellence in Indonesia Now Available
A new report has been entered into the resources section, entitled Court Excellence of District Court Batulicin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia 2016. This report provides a summary of recent court management activities in the Batulicin District Court. Please click on the link above, or visit the Resources from the Courts page, to access this report.
Additional Tools to Support the International Framework for Court Excellence Now Available
The Consortium is pleased to announce that two new resources have been uploaded to the website to use when conducting the Self Assessment Questionnaire under the International Framework for Court Excellence. A PDF version of the Questionnaire can be found here, and a downloadable Excel version here. Further a PDF for the simplified checklist contained in the Thinking of Implementing the International Framework for Court Excellence can be accessed here, and a downloadable Excel version here.
Issue #7 of the ICCE Newsletter is now available. Please click here to access the Newsletter for a summary of recent developments, including a report on the 11th IACA Conference, a summary of new publications including The International Framework for Court Excellence and Therapeutic Jurisprudence: Creating Excellent Courts and Enhancing Wellbeing, and updates from New Zealand and Costa Rica.
The International Framework for Court Excellence and Therapeutic Jurisprudence: Creating Excellent Courts and Enhancing - By E. Richardson, P. Spencer and D. Wexler
Liz Richardson from the ICCE, Magistrate Pauline Spencer from the Magistrates' Court of Victoria and Professor David Wexler from the University of Puerto Rico have recently published an article on the intersection between the IFCE and therapeutic jurisprudence. This article will be of interest to courts and tribunals interested in mainstreaming principles of therapeutic jurisprudence into their general court practices and to those courts who are operating programs based in therapeutic jurisprudence such as problem-solving courts. The article can be accessed in the Resources from the Courts section of the website and by clicking here.
Issue #6 of the ICCE Newsletter is now available. Please click here to access the Newsletter for a summary of recent developments, including the expansion of the ICCE Executive Committee, a membership update, the latest ICCE publications, new resources that have been added to the ICCE website and recent events.
A Summary of the Global Measures of Court Performance
Ingo Keilitz, Laurie Glanfield and Dan Hall have recently prepared a brief version of the Global Measures of Court Performance (Global Measures) document available in the Resources section of this website. This document is a concise summary of the forthcoming second edition of the full version of the Global Measures and is downloadable here.
The Updated ICCE Governance and Membership Policies Are Now Available
We are proud to present a Governance Policy (click here) which summarizes the International Consortium for Court Excellence's role, goals, values, membership and work policies. Also, the Membership Policy has been updated (click here).
Register Now for the International Conference on Court Excellence 2016
As we advance into the first quarter of the 21st century, judiciaries worldwide are preparing themselves to meet the opportunities and challenges that are being presented to them. The International Conference on Court Excellence 2016 will be held in Singapore on 28 and 29 January 2016, and brings together judicial officers, court administrators, and experts to share perspectives on the latest trends and developments in court administration. Click Here to Register. For inquiries, please contact rsvp@courtexcellenceconference.com.
The International Framework for Judicial Support Excellence ('IFJSE')
The Consortium has recently developed a version of the Framework aimed at Judicial Support Organisations, entitled the International Framework for Judicial Support Excellence ('IFJSE'). The IFJSE is based on the IFCE and follows the same structure as the publication 'Thinking of Implementing the International Framework for Court Excellence.' However, the Self-Assessment Questionnaire in the IFJSE is substantially different and is not designed to be used by courts or tribunals. The purpose of the IFJSE, like the IFCE, is to assist organisations identify areas of their operations that may require improvement and to develop improvement plans to guide implementing change. Click here to access the IFJSE.
Issue #5 of the ICCE Newsletter is now available. Please click here to access the Newsletter for a summary of recent developments, including updates from the District Courts of New Zealand, the NCSC and Dubai International Financial Centre Courts and feature article from Elizabeth Wiggins, Mira GurArie and Judge Jeremy Fogel from the Federal Judicial Center on the importance of judicial performance feedback.
International Conference for Court Excellence 'Judiciary of the Future' - Singapore - January 27-29 2016
The Call for Papers for the International Conference for Court Excellence entitled 'Judiciary of the Future,' which is to be held in Singapore on January 27-29 2016, has been released. The due date for abstracts has been extended to 30 August 2015. The conference is being hosted by the State Courts of Singapore, one of the founding members of the International Consortium for Court Excellence. There will be presentations on the Framework but also on a wider range of issues listed in the Call for Papers. The Call for Papers and information about the conference can be found here.
Issue #4 of the ICCE Newsletter is now available. Please click here to access the Newsletter for a summary of recent developments, including updates for the Pacific Islands and Ukraine, and feature articles from Chief Justice Marilyn Warren of the Supreme Court of Victoria (Australia) and Chief Justice Robert J. Torres of the Supreme Court of Guam.
The Spanish Language Implementing the Framework Guide
The International Consortium for Court Excellence has created a Spanish-language edition of the Implementing the Framework resource. Please click here to access the Implementing the Framework sub-page, or here to access the document directly.
Issue #3 of the ICCE Newsletter is now available. Please click here to access the Newsletter for a summary of recent developments, including updates for Australia, the United States, New Zealand and Singapore, and a special welcome for the Judiciary of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Instructions for Deploying the Court Excellence Self-Assessment Questionnaire in Your Jurisdiction
The Court Excellence Self-Assessment Questionnaire is a component of the International Framework for Court Excellence. The New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au) within the NSW Department of Justice, Australia have built an online version of the survey so that it might be deployed in jurisdictions around the world. The survey has been developed in SurveyMonkey. This document tells you how to administer the survey in your jurisdiction. If you are interested in developing your own version of this survey for deployment by your own court or organization, please click here for further information.
A Membership Policy Update and Details on the Executive Committee
There are two major updates to the site this month - a revision of the Membership Policy page (here) and download (available here), and a new Members sub-page (here) featuring details on the Executive Committee, with download (available here). The Executive Committee page details the governance structure of the International Consortium for Court Excellence.
A Resource from the Supreme Court of Victoria
Following the March 2013 AIJA Conference, the Supreme Court of Victoria offers their informative report on intiatives in court excellence, Implementing the IFCE as a "Holistic" Means for Achieving Excellence. This document is available in the Resources from the Courts section, as well as directly through this link (click here).
Second Editions of Resource Materials Are Now Available
Second Editions of two resources, The International Framework of Court Excellence (available here) and Thinking of Implementing the International Framework of Court Excellence? (available here) are now available for download. We look forward to releasing additional resources in the future.
Applying the International Framework for Court Excellence in Abu Dhabi
As part of the Abu Dhabi Government's 2030 vision and government-wide restructuring program, the Abu Dhabi Judicial Department (ADJD) was created as an independent judicial agency in June 2007. Still a young organization, the ADJD has made much progress over the last years striving for judicial excellence and becoming one of the highest performing courts in the World.
As a next logical step in its efforts to achieve world class standards and services, the ADJD's senior management decided to introduce the International Framework for Court Excellence (IFCE) to the ADJD and to apply it to its own strategies, processes, procedures, and resources in place.
For more information, please access the World Bank Law and Justice news page here.
(December 2012-Present)
Past Issues of the ICCE Newsletter Are Still Available
Additional information on past developments is available through the ICCE Newsletter. Please see below for .pdf downloads of these publications.
Issue 2, December 2011:
Issue 1, April 2011: English
© 2014 National Center for State Courts U.S.A. — for the use and protection of the members of the International Consortium on Court Excellence provided that the members of the Consortium will have a non-exclusive, perpetual license to make use of the work in support of the goals of the Consortium.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sift all dry ingredients together in a large bowl, and set aside.
In a separate bowl, mix together the sugar, oil, melted butter or apple sauce, and eggs; add remaining ingredients, and beat after each addition. Add in the sifted ingredients, and stir well.
Cool cake and frost with a whipped cream or cream cheese frosting, and garnish.


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Meet the 30 Under 30 Class of 2018.


text:
Equity investments in breakthrough innovations by Innovation Council Fund
EU must increase its capacity to produce critical medicines
EU accuses Apple of App Store antitrust violation in online music market
EU debates modern and safe retail instant payments
Global competition control on pharmaceutical companies
EU Commission announced the first equity investments in breakthrough innovations by European Innovation Council Fund. 42 highly innovative start-ups and small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) will together receive equity financing of around €178 million. They will develop and scale up breakthrough innovations in health, circular economy, advanced manufacturing and other areas. Among them, the French company CorWave is the first EU company in which the EIC Fund is investing.
Europe has many innovative, talented start-ups, but too often these companies remain small or relocate elsewhere.
Mariya Gabriel, Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education
The equity investments, ranging from €500.000 to €15 million per beneficiary, complement the grant financing through the EIC Accelerator Pilot to enable companies to scale up faster. This is the first time the Commission has made direct equity or quasi-equity investments, namely equity investment blended with a grant, in start-up companies, with ownership stakes expected to range from 10% to 25%.
EIC Accelerator selected a total of 293 companies for funding worth over €563 million in grants since December 2019. Among those, 159 companies will additionally receive the new equity investments from the EIC Fund. The 42 companies announced today are the first of this group to successfully pass the evaluation and due diligence process. The other 117 companies are in the pipeline to receive investments pending the outcome of the relevant process.
Mariya Gabriel, Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth said: "This new form of financing – combining grants and equity – is unique to the European Innovation Council. It will bridge the funding gap for highly innovative companies, unlock additional private investments and enable them scale up in Europe."
CorWave: first EU company to sign investment agreement with the EIC Fund
The highly innovative French company CorWave was the very first to receive a direct equity investment. CorWave's mission is to bring a new standard of care to patients with life-threatening heart failure. The €15 million EIC Fund investment has played a critical role . It has mobilised additional investors to unite behind the French SME, which led to a €35 million of investments in the fourth stage of start-up financing for CorWave.
This sizeable venture will enable CorWave to successfully bring to the market and scale up its innovative medical solution "Left Ventricular Assist Device" (LVAD). It will significantly improve the lives of those with advanced heart failure. It will reduce half severe complications and the need for rehospitalisation. At the same time LVAD will improve significantly their quality of life. CorWave's high-growth potential will also translate into high-quality jobs in the EU.
Beneficiaries of equity investments
The investment agreements with the other target companies are now being finalised, and will be announced shortly. A few examples of this first round of investments:
Hiber (The Netherlands): an international satellite and communication company that provides global and affordable Internet of Things connectivity;
XSUN (France): a solar aircraft company that designs energy-independent drones to be fully autonomous. They could operate without any human intervention;
GEOWOX LIMITED (Ireland): a technological company that provides automated property valuations, leveraging high-quality open data and machine learning models;
EPI-ENDO PHARMACEUTICALS EHF (Iceland): a pharmaceutical company focused on developing a proprietary portfolio of drugs . They focus on the huge global burden of chronic respiratory diseases.
These first investments had a thorough evaluation by external experts. There was a diligence process by the external practitioners and investors on the EIC Fund Investment Committee and a final decision by the EIC Fund Board of Directors.
European Innovation Council (EIC) Fund
Established in June 2020, the European Innovation Council (EIC) Fund is a breakthrough initiative of the Commission. It will make direct equity and quasi-equity investments (between €500.000 and €15 million) in the capital of start-ups and SMEs. It is first of its kind in terms of EU intervention in direct equity-type investments. In its current stage, it makes such investments, in combination with grants. It comes as part of blended finance under the EIC Accelerator Pilot. The allocated maximum funding (grants and equity) can reach €17.5 million.
The EIC Fund aims to fill a critical financing gap faced by innovative companies when bringing their technologies from high technology readiness levels to the commercialization stage. The Fund will help to fill this financing gap at the start-up stage where the EU venture capital market still underperforms compared to the global venture capital market. Its main purpose is not to maximise the return on the investments, but to have a high impact by accompanying companies with breakthrough and disruptive technologies in their growth as patient capital investor.
The Fund aims to support equality and gender balance, and to highly contribute to sustainability with a particular focus on health, resilience and the green and digital transitions. Its role has become even more important today, as the coronavirus crisis had a very strong impact on many SMEs in the EU, including many innovative startups.
Tags: Business LeadershipEconomic GrowthGrowthHubs of InnovationInnovationInnovationsMaintaining InnovationMariya GabrielRestoring Economic GrowthSmall and Medium enterprises (SMEs)Start-ups
Direct EU grants for French ski lifts operators season damages
UN Guide to Help Women in Tourism Recover from Crisis


text:
A dose of old-school Indian honesty
This short autobiography recounts the evolution of a significant intellectual life shaped by thoughts and ideas gleaned from living in three countries - India, Germany and the US.
J. N. Mohanty was born in Cuttack (in the eastern state of Orissa) and raised wherever his father was posted as a judge. His roots lie in a village where there still stands an ancestral house to which his family would return regularly. As was customary for a comfortably off middle-class Indian boy, Mohanty grew up learning Hindu myths and rituals as well as attending an English-medium government school during the last days of the British Raj.
In 1945, he went to Calcutta to read philosophy at Presidency College and gradually became a devotee of the city's cultural ambience, in spite of the overwhelming chaos of those years, in which he witnessed corpses littering the streets during the great communal killings of Hindus and Muslims in 1946. He was among the first batch of graduates in independent India, after which he did postgraduate work at the university.
The book's intimate portrayal of his associates in Calcutta confirms that Mohanty belongs to what was a generation of well-informed, discerning minds. A colleague, Rash Vihary Das, my own former tutor, used to receive philosophy books direct from Blackwells in Oxford before anyone else in Calcutta. Mohanty quotes a remark about Das made by Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the one-time professor of philosophy at Calcutta who became president of India: "Rash Vihary thinks I do not know any philosophy" - and an even more pointed remark by another colleague apparently made to Radhakrishnan himself: "Professor, you are a first-rate speaker, a second-rate politician and a third-rate philosopher." Like the author, I mourn for such honesty in the present Calcutta academy.
The chapter on Gottingen, where he went in 1952 for his doctorate and to read mathematics as well as Vedic Sanskrit, is particularly engaging.
Mohanty, who is best known for his work on Edmund Husserl, brings to life German phenomenologists such as Hermann Wein and Josef Konig. He also describes his discovery that some academic acquaintances were tainted with Nazism; and he reflects that he knew nothing of Nazi atrocities because in the Indian newspapers "Hitler was praised as a man of great moral and spiritual power" as a result of his being a celibate and a vegetarian who did not smoke or drink.
After teaching intermittently in Calcutta, Mohanty eventually emigrated to the US in 1970, where he became a professor at Temple University and Emory University. Calcutta was then so politically volatile and violent with the rise of the Naxalite extremists that he could no longer maintain the tranquillity of mind needed for philosophy; he was also perhaps missing the stimulation of contact with Western phenomenologists. His robust self-analysis of why he decided to leave, despite his status in Calcutta, is honest and unsentimental, and will interest many faced with a similar dilemma. Between Two Worlds is an intriguing memoir by a scholar deeply rooted in his Indian heritage who achieved a considerable position in the study of Western philosophy.
Krishna Dutta holds degrees in philosophy from Calcutta University and Birkbeck, University of London.
Author - J. N. Mohanty
Publisher - Oxford University Press
Pages - 134
Price - £14.99
ISBN - 019 564835 8
Accept lecture capture despite attendance drop, says dean
More than half of academics surveyed said being videoed makes them less spontaneous, but importance to students is clear
Why can't students recognise transferable skills?
If academics want students to see value in course-based activities, we need to make clearer to them exactly what broader skills they will learn by completing them, says Tanya Martini
By Tanya Martini
Should US prisons throw open their doors to higher education?
A punitive attitude towards incarceration limits the access of the US' uniquely large prison population to college degrees. But there are signs that attitudes are finally shifting. Paul Basken considers the arguments and looks at some prime examples of what can be achieved with a captive audience
A 'graduate school' should award its own degrees
The Advertising Standards Authority is wrong to permit to any provider of training to graduates to declare itself a "graduate school", says Viv Ellis
By Viv Ellis
Augar's plan to restore England's maintenance grants is a mistake
Reviving maintenance grants will redirect taxpayers' money to those who don't need it. Better to spend it on lifelong learning, says Ryan Shorthouse
By Ryan Shorthouse
Clinical Lecturer in Paediatric Dentistry with Honorary Consultant
Technology Specialist - Systems Integration and Management (Microsoft)


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HOT TOPICS Online privacy Penguins Ebola
Two charged with conspiracy to commit murder after alleged Halifax plot foiled
Emily Chan, CTVNews.ca
Published Saturday, February 14, 2015 8:38AM EST
Last Updated Saturday, February 14, 2015 5:25PM EST
Two people have been charged with conspiracy to commit murder in connection with an alleged plot to attack a Halifax mall.
Nova Scotia RCMP announced Saturday they have laid charges against 23-year-old Lindsay Kantha Souvannarath, of Geneva, Ill., and 20-year-old Randall Steven Shepherd, of Halifax.
A third person -- a 17-year-old male from Cole Harbour, N.S. -- was released without charge overnight, but police say he remains under investigation.
Police arrested three people after acting on a Crime Stoppers tip received earlier in the week.
A fourth suspect, a 19-year-old man, was found dead by police at his parents' home in Timberlea, N.S., just after 1 a.m. on Friday.
Speaking to reporters Saturday, police said they seized three long-barrel guns from the Timberlea home.
Police allege the suspects planned to use the guns to achieve their goal of "opening fire to kill citizens, and then themselves" on Valentine's Day at the Halifax Shopping Centre. The mall advertises itself as the largest shopping centre in Nova Scotia.
"This is a reminder that this type of incident can happen anywhere," Halifax Police Chief Jean-Michel Blais said in a statement. "Recognizing our citizens may be anxious in the wake of this news, we have additional high visibility patrols in and around the city. We encourage people to go about their daily lives."
Nova Scotia RCMP Asst. Commissioner Brian Brennan described the suspects as "four individuals that had a friendship."
He added: "Their friendship is not based on culture or ideology. They are four individuals who formed a friendship and decided to plan and commit a heinous crime."
Police would not comment on a possible motive, but said the individuals seem to have communicated online.
Brennan said a 20-year-old man and 23-year-old woman were arrested at the Halifax Stanfield International Airport around 2 a.m. on Friday. He said the woman was arriving by plane and the man was there to meet her.
The Geneva Police Department said Saturday they executed a search warrant at the home of the 23-year-old woman at the request of Canadian police. Multiple items were taken from the residence, but police did not provide any further details.
Geneva police said the woman was not known to authorities, and her family is co-operating with the investigation.
The two suspects are expected in court Tuesday morning.
Brennan did not comment on the circumstances surrounding the 19-year-old's death in Timberlea. He said Nova Scotia's Serious Incident Response Team is currently investigating.
One of the man's neighbours said the 19-year-old didn't interact with others in the community.
"He was one of those people who kept to himself, not a people person," Steven Greenwood, 19, told The Canadian Press.
Greenwood's mother, Cindy, awoke early Friday morning to sight of armed police officers outside her home.
"I just found out this morning what the plan was … that's scary," she said.
"It's a little scary to know this is just the next house down," she added.
The 50-year-old knew there was a couple living in the home, but didn't recall meeting their son.
Another resident told The Canadian Press that 19-year-old who had died had attended a nearby school, and that the family had lived in area for many years.
Greenwood said she felt sorry for the man's family. A man in house asked reporters to leave on Saturday, saying he had just lost his son.
Earlier Saturday, Justice Minister Peter MacKay said the alleged plot would have been "devastating," but was not linked to terrorism.
"What I can tell you is that this appeared to be a group of murderous misfits that were coming here, or were living here, and prepared to wreak havoc and mayhem on our community," he told a news conference.
"Make no mistake about it, there could have been a real tragedy and it would have marked our city and our province forever."
Man in alleged Halifax shooting plot never spoke of guns: friend
N.S. police say they've foiled attempt to kill people in a public place
Halifax Police Chief Jean-Michel Blais, right, and RCMP Asst. Commissioner Brian Brennan field questions at a news conference regarding a foiled mass murder plan, in Halifax on Saturday, Feb. 14, 2015. (Andrew Vaughan / THE CANADIAN PRESS)
A house is seen on Tiger Maple Drive in Timberlea, N.S, a Halifax suburb, where police found a deceased person early Friday, Feb. 13, 2015. (Andrew Vaughan / THE CANADIAN PRESS)
Justice Minister Peter MacKay addresses a news conference, regarding a foiled mass murder plan, in Halifax on Saturday, Feb. 14, 2015. (Andrew Vaughan / THE CANADIAN PRESS)
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HOMAGE TO ERIK SATIE /
INES TRICKOVIC & FRIENDS (CROATIA)
This year, Ines Trickovic gathered the cream of Croatian jazz and classical music – Goran Končar, violinist, Zvjezdan Ružić, pianist and Ljerka Končar Gamulin, cello player with her vocals. This fantastic quartet started the Homage to Erik Satie project, a combination of classical music and jazz where Ines wrote all the poetry on Satie's music. In this project she's in the double role, as author and performer, and for the first time in the history opus Gnossienne and Gymnopedie of Erik Satie become songs for singing.
INES TRIČKOVIĆ:
Born in 1982 in Dubrovnik. Her musical journey began in an unconventional way. Growing up in the war-torn city ,this self thought singer, learned music and jazz by listening to Chet Baker, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Tom Jobim, Ellu Fitzgerald, and Billie Holiday.
Without a day of music school, she has become one of the most admired jazz singers in Croatia and abroad. She has performed in over 3000 concerts so far and has collaborated with Jaar Saari, Aaron Goldberg, Mikael Jacobsson, Gilad Hekselman, Marcus Gilmore, Julian Shore, Brian Girley, Kruno Levacic, Edd Lo, Luka Zuzic, Eddie Luis, The Jewsers, Detour, Mariom Igrecom and many others.
Some of the festivals and projects featured include: Liburnia jazz festival, Samobor jazz festival, The Nightingale theater, Musical Day of Amor and Ivan Rockbayka in the renaissance of Vladimir Stefancica, Le Petit Festival du Theater, Runjiceve veeri, Cabaret Lilibelle jazz the international jazz festival in Hong Kong, the OCT loft Jazz Festival in Shenzhen, the Safed International Music Festival (Israel), Beishan World Music and Jazz Festival, the Macau Literary Festival-Script Road, the Novigrad Summer Jazz Evenings, the Dubrovnik Summer Festival, , Jazzarella jazz festival, at the concert series "All Souls at Sundown, New York,
With its sequel, she released the album "Runjic in Blue", which was declared as one of the most up-to-date jazz vocal albums ever recorded in Croatia, and in 2014 she was awarded the highest Croatian music award "Porin" for the best jazz performance of the year.
In May 2014, participated as the first Croatian jazz artist in the prestigious jazz concert cycle "All Souls At Sundown" in the unitary church in Manhattan, New York, accompanied by renowned jazz pianist Aaron Goldberg.
In April 2015, recorded a new album in New York "Tales of the quiet lands and other stories" in collaboration with: Brian Girley, Julian Shore, Gilad Hekselman, Shin Sakaino and Kolja Gjoni.
On April 6, 2016, she performed as a headliner with a concert "Ines Trickovic & Friends" in the prestigious Carnegie Hall Hall in New York where she performed with some of the most famous jazz musicians of today, as the legendary jazz drummer Marcus Gilmore and guitarists Gilad Hekselman.
lives and works on the Macau-Hong Kong-New York-Dubrovnik route.
… You can never ignore her warm and enchanting voice. The eclectic genius has never had traditional music education, but relies on its own strength. Today, Ines is considered one of the greatest jazz singers. She is far more than just a talented singer and songwriter, swimming in many different styles like cabaret, comedy, jazz and theater. Beishan International Jazz Music Festival 2013
… Ines is a born singer and band leader. You can feel her strong instinct and music in the first minutes of her performance. When you hear it, you do not doubt that she is unique. – Zoran Staji, music critic. Zagreb 2013.
Ines Trickovic is full of personality and multidimensional charm.
She is a warm and dramatic performer, with love for jazz classics and Brazilian music. –Aaron Goldberg
In her career of singing with many singers, singers, Ines is unique. She has a God given sense of rhythm, immaculate intonation and the ability to emotionally capture the audience. That, combined with her lyrical soprano full of emotions, explains why I said the unique "at the very beginning. – Joe Pandur
www.inestrickovic.com
GORAN KONČAR (violin):
Goran Konar, one of the most prominent Croatian violinists, studied at the Music Academy in Zagreb at Martino Baric and Josip Klime and graduated in 1978 in Leonid Kogan's class at the Tchaikovsky Conservatory in Moscow. He graduated from Max Rostal in Bern and Henry Serynga in Geneva, then at Yfrah Neamana in London, whose assistant was from 1981 to 83 at the Guildhall School of Music.
Since 1988, she has been a professor at the Zagreb Academy of Music. Hold master classes in Madrid, Berlin, Turin, Milan, Sidney, Tokyo, Beijing, Stellenbosch and elsewhere. In 2004 she started LAUS Summer Academy in Dubrovnik together with the greatest violinist names in the world (Zakhar Bron, Viktor Tretyakov, Dmitry Sitkovetsky, Leonid Sorokow).
His international solo career began in 1982, visiting most European countries, USA, Japan, Korea and Israel.
From 1984 to 1994 he was the concertmaster of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in London, the Croatian Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra and the Zagreb Philharmonic Orchestra. He has worked with renowned orchestras and conductors all over the world.
He won first and special prizes at national competitions in the country, Musical Life in Moscow (1980) for the performance of the Concert for Violin and Orchestra Dmitry Šostakovi, the First Prize at the Bratislava International Concert in 1984 and other high prizes. The prize list is particularly emphasized by the award Vladimir Nazor (2006).
In his solo and pedagogical practice, he was especially dedicated to the interpretations of Johann Sebastian Bach's work (Solo Sonatas and Bands), then a repertoire that worked with Max Rostal (WAMozart and the French repertoire – M. Ravel, C. Debussy and C. Franck) Yfrahom Neaman (JS Bach, M. Bruch, E. Bloch, F. Mendelssohn) and Leonid Kogan (Russian literature – PIČajkovski, A. Glazunov, A. Haaturjan, S. Prokofiev and D. Šostakovič for the performance of which he was the first foreigner who won the Russian prize).
Special attention is given to the performances of the 20th century classics (B. Bartok, B. Martino, S. Gubajdulina, A. Nilsson, K. Goldmark) and contemporary works, which is why a number of composers devote themselves to compositions (Boris Papandopulo, Milko Kelemen, Giuseppe Gavazza Holloway, Ivo Malec).
His first album was released by EMI 1984 in London, and recorded for BBC, CBS, France Musique, HRT and other radio and television stations. Croatia Records has released one of the few integral performances of solo violin sonata Eugene Ysaÿea.
Since 1987 until 2012, the Zagreb Quartet has been conducting its entire arts and crafts for over a quarter of a century, and has been built into the existence of this most long-lasting, not only Croatian, but also European Chamber Orchestras.
Zvjezdan Ružić (piano):
Pianist, arranger and composer was born on June 21, 1988 in Rijeka. He graduated jazz piano at the Kärntner Landeskonservatorium in Austria in the class of Prof. Goods Bargada (USA). He attended jazz seminars by pianist Emil Spanyi and attended regular classes with private watches at the world's pianist David Gazarov. Since 2009 he is a permanent member of jazz band Jazziana Croatica. The ensemble has so far recorded four studio albums – of which three are awarded with the most prestigious Croatian record label Porin. In 2015, he released his first solo album "The Knightingale Cabaret" – a project that brings together jazz musicians from Croatia and Slovenia; Lenart Krei, Vojkan Joci, Tomaž Gajšt, Luka Veselinovi
, Adriano Bernobić and Alba Nacinovich. The album is made up of six compositions in which Ružić combines the elements of American jazz that he studied with traditional Croatian melodies and cultural heritage from the clime he grew up.
In 2007 he performed with the Rijeka Rivers group at the jazz festival in the UK. He has performed with Jazziana Croatica in several countries, from which he has to perform at the Schoenberg Hall at UCLA University in California, performances at jazz festivals in Munich, Budapest, Paris, Milan and other European cities.
He collaborates with numerous eminent musicians of Croatian jazz and pop scenes, and is a permanent member of Goran Kon
ar & Charlie Jurković quintet, Veselino Jazz project, Finger Snap Trio, Charlie Jurković & Zvjezdan Ružić dua and other projects.
He composed music for the performances "La fatiche di Pseudolus", "I botoni de la Montura" and for "La finta ammalata" of the Italian drama HNK I. pl. Zajc in Rijeka. He participated in the recording of the album "Meeting Point" by Goran Konar & Charlie Jurković quintet, "Several words" by Spartacus Črnjari, "Little Book Of Notes" and "Nehaj" Jazziane Croatice, "Magnetic Whale" bassists and double bassist Luke Veselinovi, Crocs Big Band "," Night Speaking "Vedran Ružić Trio," The Fat Manager "by The Hood Fellas," Song For My Cat "Finger Snap Trio," For Believers Only "saxophonist Denis Razumovic, Tihomir Hojsak's" Jazz Room " on the album "Event" by Borna Šercar trija featuring Sabrina nominated for the Porin Discography Award, "Wagner Goes to Hollywood" by Jazziane Croatice and the album "The Knightingale Cabaret" released in 2015 under the Aquarius Records label.
He is the winner of the Professional Awards awarded by the Croatian Music Union; The 2010 winner is in the category "Young hopes of jazz". 2011, 2012 and 2013 won the Status Award in the category "Jazz Piano". In 2016 he became a member of the Croatian Community of Independent Artists.
In 2018 he was awarded the Porin Prize for Best Jazz Album of the Year.
LJERKA KONČAR GAMULIN (violoncello):
Born in 1986 in Split. Grew up in the family of famous musicians.
She is the winner of many awards at national and international youth cello competitions. She has performed in prestigious halls in Salzburg, London, Paris, Brussels, Italy, Malta and Lithuania.
Has also participated in the project Goran Konar & Darko Jurković jazz quartet from which the CD 'Meeting point' was recorded.


Quest for Quality: Inside and Out!
You can apply now to be a presenter at our 2019 Oregon Afterschool Conference. Please send questions or inquiries to Bethany.Thramer@oregonask.org.
Thank you to everyone who joined us in Salem!
We had a great day of fun, engaging discussions and hands-on learning! Please check below for links and copies of resources from the sessions or reach out if you have a question -bethany.thramer@oregonask.org. If you couldn't make it, check out the OAC 2018 Brochure to see what sessions were offered. A few highlights from the conference….
Our Keynote Speaker, Sadiq Ali, joining us all the way from Maryland. CLICK HERE To watch the conference welcome and keynote.
Sadiq is a two time best selling author, speaker, professor, education consultant, leadership trainer, social entrepreneur, trained mediator, certified mentor consultant and founder of the Millionaire Manners Academy training organization. We had a great time hearing about the power of storytelling and how we can help support youth in expressing themselves as we all become the best versions of ourselves.
A few pictures from the day….
Expression Sessions – 90 minute discussion-based sessions focused on a variety of topics where each of you are contributors to one anothers learning.
Carol Tang – Currently, Dr. Carol Tang is the Executive Director of the Children's Creativity Museum in San Francisco with a mission to nurture creativity and collaboration in all children and families. Carol was Director of the National Coalition for Science After School and head of exhibits and public programs at the California Academy of Sciences during their 2008 re-opening. In 2012, Carol received a California "Leading Women in STEM" award and was part of the Museum Leaders of the Future initiative of the California Association of Museums. She now serves on the Board of Directors of the National Afterschool Association and How Kids Learn Foundation.
Heather Singmaster from Asia Society, focused on Workforce Readiness Skills for All Students in a Global Economy.
Shirley Lomax from Western Oregon University returning this year to explore some of the fundamentals of human-environment interactions, including carrying capacity and understanding cause-and-effect relationships in nature.
Our 2017 conference theme, Choose Your Own Afterschool Adventure, emphasized helping guide and equip youth with necessary equipment for them to find their own success, whatever that may be. You can take a look at our 2017 Conference Review to see who attended and how they rated it. Thank you to so many for joining us in the adventure and making a memorable experience as we learn from one another.
CLICK HERE to see photos from the 2017 conference.
Every year, OregonASK Expanded Learning Partnership provides this one day professional development conference focused on improving the quality of out of school programs across the state. We try to provide a balance of opportunities for front line staff, as well as program management and Set 2 Oregon Registry level trainings.
OregonASK's mission is to inspire learning, keep kids safe, help working families, and support whole-child development and wellness. One way that we work to support our mission is to provide training and resources to education and community organizations to equip them with structured, educational, and enrichment opportunities for students.
Thank You to All Who Joined Us Last October!
Thanks to our all of our Session Presenters, Table Exhibitors and wonderful Volunteers for giving your time to share resources with participants!
And Thank You to all the afterschool and summer program participants who joined us at Chemeketa Community College on Saturday for a full day of Stepping into the Future!


With everything else we need to "cover" in a class period, it's easy to let independent reading time slide from the agenda. However, volumes of research shows that if we make time for reading then there will likely be less instruction and "coverage" needed. Here's one small snippet from those those volumes.


When playing live there are some tells that are nearly always reliable. Most have to have a pattern established before categorizing them as reliable, but there are some very reliable tells that remain amazingly consistent. The most reliable live tell I've found is the following. When you are faced with a big decision (usually calling an all-in decision) if you ask your opponent, "If I fold will you show?" and they say, "Yes or sure" then you can safely muck your hand because you're beat.
After years of live experience I've found this simple question to save me thousands of dollars. Why is this so reliable? Most opponents you face in live games don't like to show bluffs. Nearly all of your opponents want a friendly game and they like showing off big hands. So by just asking you give them permission to flash their monster hand to you. In return you can smile and say, "Very nice hand – you played that really well" and thank them silently to yourself for saving you so much money.
Now that's not to say there aren't exceptions to this tell. If you are against a very aggressive opponent they may tell you yes, but only because they want to show you how they outplayed you to try and tilt you. Against this opponent you may need to throw in the comment that you'll also fold and show your hand if they show you theirs. If they don't agree to do so, then you have a tough decision on your hands, but it leans slightly more to the fact that you may have the best hand.
Against aggressive AND tricky opponents, this won't be a very reliable tell. Yet if they do answer that they'll show, then it should lean you more towards a fold, but you'll still have a difficult decision. However against most opponents, who will be slightly more passive and at the table to have fun, you can save yourself a lot by just asking a simple question.