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health / WEF
Mental health stigma: Why the British Royal family dropped the stiff upper lip
by Sean · 3 January 2019
Around 450 million people worldwide suffer from mental ill-health or neurological disorders and approximately one-quarter of the global population will be affected by them at some point during their lives. Yet the stigma that still persists means many people avoid talking about them.
This attitude is beginning to shift, even in the unlikeliest places. While the "stiff upper lip" – the idea that you should suppress your emotions – may be as British as fish and chips, the younger generation of the Royal family are taking a different approach.
Putting themselves firmly at the vanguard of the global conversation about mental health are the Duke of Cambridge, Prince William (second in line to the British throne) and his brother Prince Harry, the Duke of Sussex.
The Duke of Cambridge is attending Davos in 2019 to talk about mental health. He will also be discussing Mental Health at Work, an initiative designed to improve emotional and mental wellbeing in the workplace.
It is operated in conjunction with the mental health charity Mind, which found in a recent survey that 48% of British workers have experienced a mental health problem at work. However, only half of them had talked to their employer. The initiative wants to change this, and offers resources on everything from coping with stress to getting better quality sleep.
Putting their heads together
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry, the Duke of Sussex, cheer on runnersImage: REUTERS/Matt Dunham/Pool
Princes William and Harry have been outspoken about mental health, sharing some of their own struggles as part of this commitment to battle the stigma and silence surrounding the topic.
Referring to his time as an air ambulance pilot, Prince William admitted his own mental health had been affected by things he experienced at work.
"I worked several times on very traumatic jobs involving children, and after I had my own children I think the relation between the job and the personal life was what really took me over the edge, and I started feeling things that I have never felt before, and I got very sad and very down about this particular family," he told the audience at the This Can Happen workplace mental health event in November 2018.
When Prince Harry spoke about the impact of the death in 1997 of his mother Princess Diana, he detailed the impact grief had on his mental health.
"I can safely say that losing my mum at the age of 12, and therefore shutting down all of my emotions for the last 20 years, has had a quite serious effect on not only my personal life but my work as well," he told the UK's Telegraph newspaper.
He added: "I have probably been very close to a complete breakdown on numerous occasions when all sorts of grief and sort of lies and misconceptions and everything are coming to you from every angle."
The two princes, along with Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, are among the driving forces behind the Heads Together Initiative to tackle mental health stigma and raise funds for support services.
This article first appeared on the World Economic Forum and is part of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting.
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In the wrong place at the wrong time?
Dick Turpin was convicted of robbery but had also been guilty of a string of murders (Wikicommons)
In each generation from 1500 to 1750, between 1 and 2% of all English men were executed either by court order or extra-judicially (at the scene of the crime or while in prison). This was the height of a moral crusade by Church and State to punish the wicked so that the good may live in peace.
Meanwhile, the homicide rate fell ten-fold. Were the two trends related? In a recent paper, Henry Harpending and I argued that a little over half of the homicide decline could be explained by the high execution rate, and its steady removal of violent males from the gene pool. The rest could be partly explained by Clark-Unz selection—violent males lost out reproductively because they were increasingly marginalized in society and on the marriage market. Finally, this decline was also due to a strengthening of controls on male violence: judicial punishment (policing, penitentiaries); quasi-judicial punishment (in schools, at church, and in workplaces); and stigmatization of personal violence in popular culture.
These controls drove the decline in the homicide rate, but they also tended over time to hardwire the new behavior pattern, by hindering the ability of violent males to survive and reproduce. The last half-century has seen a dramatic relaxation of these controls but only a modest rise in the homicide rate among young men of native English origin.
The above argument has been criticized on two grounds:
1. Executed offenders were not the worst of the worst. They were often people caught in the wrong place at the wrong time.
2. Executed offenders may have had children who survived to adulthood.
This week's column will address the first criticism. Did execution remove the most violent men? Or did it randomly remove individuals from, say, the most violent third?
Many genetic factors influence our propensity for personal violence: impulse control; violence ideation; pleasure from inflicting pain; etc. Regardless of how strong or weak these factors may be, the propensity itself should be normally distributed within the male population—it should follow a bell curve. If we move right or left from the population mean, the number of men should initially decline very little, with the result that over two-thirds of the men can be found within one standard deviation of the mean.
We really have to go one standard deviation to the right before the men begin to seem abnormally violent, but the remaining right-hand "tail" leaves us only 16% of the male population. What if we're looking for a man who's at least twice as violent as the normal two-thirds? He's in the far right 1%. In a single gene pool, violent men stand out not just because they are noticeably abnormal but also because they are much less common.
Identifying the most violent men. But how?
Were these men the ones that the English justice system executed between 1500 and 1750? Murder is violence taken to its logical extreme, yet most murder cases went unsolved in early modern England. The crime was difficult to prove for want of witnesses, either because none wished to come forward or because they had likewise been murdered. There were no police, no forensic laboratories, and much less of the investigative infrastructure that we have today. If you committed a one-time murder, your chances of not getting caught were good.
The criminal justice system in the eighteenth century [...] therefore operated on a rationale very different from that of a modern state, with its professional police forces, social services and a fully bureaucratised law-enforcement system. In the early eighteenth century at least, the enforcement of law and order depended largely on unpaid amateur officials, the justices of the peace and the parish constables and other local officers. (Sharpe, 2010, p. 92)
This is not to say that the justice system gave murder a lower priority. Rather, with the limited resources available, judges and juries engaged in "profiling." They scrutinized not only the offence but also the accused—his character and demeanor, his behavior during the crime and in the courtroom, and his previous offences. Juries could be lenient in cases of first-time offences for theft, but this leniency disappeared if the accused had a criminal history.
The justice system thus looked for signs that the accused had already committed worse crimes or would go on to do so. Ironically, our current system is the one that tends to catch people who were in the wrong place at the wrong time, i.e., inexperienced one-time murderers.
Hanged for robbery but guilty of murder
This may be seen in a book, published in London in 1735, that told the life stories of 198 executed criminals. Of the 198, only 34 (17%) had been sentenced to death for murder. A much larger number, 111 (56%), were charged with robbery, being described as highwaymen, footpads, robbers, and street robbers. Finally, another 37 (19%) were executed simply for theft (Hayward, 2012; see note). Robbery was punished more severely than simple theft because it threatened both life and property, especially if the victim failed to cooperate sufficiently or seemed to recognize the robber.
Robbery is the taking away violently and feloniously the goods or money from the person of a man, putting him in fear [...]. Yea, where there is a gang of several persons, only one of which robs, they are all guilty as to the circumstance of putting in fear, wherever a person attacks another with circumstances of terror [...] And in respect of punishment, though judgment of death cannot be given in any larceny whatsoever, unless the goods taken exceed twelve pence in value, yet in robbery such judgment is given, let the value of the goods be ever so small. (Hayward, 2013, p. 27)
Sooner or later, a robber ended up killing. We see this in the life story of Dick Turpin, who was hanged for cattle theft, even though he had committed worse crimes:
The process of reconstruction may not tell us much about Turpin's personality, but it does give us the opportunity to put together a remarkable criminal biography, a tale of violent robberies, of murder, and, eventually, of the horse-thefts that led to his execution. (Sharpe, 2010, p. 8)
Allegations of murder came up in trials of robbers, but typically remained unproven because no witnesses could be produced. Nonetheless, the accused would sometimes confess to murder, either to clear his conscience or, in the wake of a death sentence, because he had nothing left to lose, like this man convicted for highway robbery: "This Reading had been concerned in abundance of robberies, and, as he himself owned, in some which were attended with murder" (Hayward, 2013, p. 91). A member of another gang, when caught, confessed to a long string of murders:
[...] he, without any equivocation, began to confess all the crimes of his life. He said that it was true they all of them deserved death, and he was content to suffer; he said, moreover, that in the course of his life he had murdered upwards of three-score with his own hands. He also carried the officers to an island in the river, which was the usual place of the execution of those innocents who fell into the hands of their gang [...] (Hayward,2013, p. 1014)
In most cases, however, the accused would deny involvement in murders even after being condemned to death:
There has been great suspicions that he murdered the old husband to this woman, who was found dead in a barn or outhouse not far from Hornsey; but Wigley, though he confessed an unlawful correspondence with the woman, yet constantly averred his innocency of that fact, and always asserted that though the old man's death was sudden, yet it was natural. (Hayward, 2013, pp. 92-93)
At the place of execution he behaved with great composure and said that as he had heard he was accused in the world of having robbed and murdered a woman in Hyde Park, he judged it proper to discharge his conscience by declaring that he knew nothing of the murder, but said nothing as to the robbery. (Hayward, 2013, p.96)
If we look at executed criminals, their profile is not that of unfortunates caught in the wrong place at the wrong time. Most were young men who had done their work in the company of likeminded young men. Those who operated alone were atypical, like this highwayman:
Though this malefactor had committed a multitude of robberies, yet he generally chose to go on such expeditions alone, having always great aversion for those confederacies in villainy which we call gangs, in which he always affirmed there was little safety, notwithstanding any oaths, by which they might bind themselves to secrecy. (Hayward, 2013, p. 93)
For most, long-term safety was a secondary concern. Their behavioral profile—fast life history, disregard for the future, desire to be with other young men and impress them with acts of bravado and violence—stood in contrast to the ascendant culture of early modern England. One example is this robber:
[...] when he returned to liberty he returned to his old practices. His companions were several young men of the same stamp with himself, who placed all their delight in the sensual and brutal pleasures of drinking, gaming, whoring and idling about, without betaking themselves to any business. Natt, who was a young fellow naturally sprightly and of good parts, from thence became very acceptable to these sort of people, and committed abundance of robberies in a very small space of time. The natural fire of his temper made him behave with great boldness on such occasions, and gave him no small reputation amongst the gang. [...] He particularly affected the company of Richard James, and with him robbed very much on the Oxford Road, whereon it was common for both these persons not only to take away the money from passengers, but also to treat them with great inhumanity [...] (Hayward, 2013, pp. 108-109)
This sort of description comes up repeatedly. Most condemned men struck observers as very atypical, and not merely among the worst third of society. In 1741, an observer described a hanging and the interactions between the condemned men and a crowd composed largely of their friends:
The criminals were five in number. I was much disappointed at the unconcern and carelessness that appeared in the faces of three of the unhappy wretches; the countenance of the other two were spread with that horror and despair which is not to be wondered at in men whose period of life is so near [...]
[...] the three thoughtless young men, who at first seemed not enough concerned, grew most shamefully wanton and daring, behaving themselves in a manner that would have been ridiculous in men in any circumstances whatever. They swore, laughed, and talked obscenely, and wished their wicked companions good luck with as much assurance as if their employment had been the most lawful.
At the place of execution the scene grew still more shocking, and the clergyman who attended was more the subject of ridicule than of their serious attention. The Psalm was sung amidst the curses and quarrelling of hundreds of the most abandoned and profligate of mankind, upon them (so stupid are they to any sense of decency) all the preparation of the unhappy wretches seems to serve only for subject of a barbarous kind of mirth, altogether inconsistent with humanity. And as soon as the poor creatures were half dead, I was much surprised to see the populace fall to hauling and pulling the carcasses with so much earnestness as to occasion several warm rencounters and broken heads. These, I was told, were the friends of the persons executed, or such as, for the sake of tumult, chose to appear so; as well as some persons sent by private surgeons to obtain bodies for dissection. The contests between these were fierce and bloody, and frightful to look at [...] The face of every one spoke a kind of mirth, as if the spectacle they beheld had afforded pleasure instead of pain, which I am wholly unable to account for. (Hayward, 2013, pp. 8-10)
The situation in early modern England was akin to a low-grade war, and it was not for nothing that its justice system seems to us so barbaric. The judges and juries were dealing with barbarians: gangs of young men who led a predatory lifestyle that made life miserable for people who ventured beyond the safety of their own homes.
We are still left with the original question: Were these criminals the most violent 1 to 2% or a random sample of a much larger proportion? In general, they behaved quite unlike most people, especially if they belonged to gangs, which seem to have been responsible for most homicides. It is hard to see how such people could correspond even to the most violent 16%—a range of individuals that begins one standard deviation to the right of the mean, at which point behavior just begins to seem "abnormal."
In all likelihood, execution removed individuals who were more than one standard deviation to the right of the mean, with a strong skew toward people more than two standard deviations to the right—in other words, something less than the most violent 16% with a strong skew toward the most violent 1%.
These assumptions differ from those of our model, which assumes that execution removed the most violent 1 to 2%. On the other hand, our model also assumes that each executed criminal would, in the absence of execution, have killed only one person over a normal lifetime. Clearly, many people among the executed were already serial murderers, not so much among the convicted murderers as among the convicted robbers. It is difficult to say whether the two sources of error would balance each other out, since we need more information on (1) just how abnormal the executed were in terms of behavior and (2) how many people they would have otherwise killed over a normal lifetime.
Executed criminals were probably a heterogeneous group. A quarter of them (mostly the thieves) would have likely killed 0 to 1 people on average if allowed to live out their lives. Another quarter may have averaged 1 to 2 murders. Finally, the remaining half may have had an ever higher score. Within this last group, we can be sure that a hard core of individuals would have each gone on to kill dozens of people, if they had not already done so.
The other executed criminals were identified as 8 housebreakers, 7 forgers, 4 pirates, 2 incendiaries, 1 threatening letter writer, 1 ravisher, 1 thief-taker, and 1 releaser of prisoners. Wherever a single individual was charged with more than one crime, I classified him or her under the most serious offence, i.e., murder took precedence over robbery, and robbery took precedence over theft.
Of the 198 executed criminals, 10 were women. The book actually tells the life stories of 201 criminals, but three of them were not executed. I excluded the life stories in the appendix (7 murderers and 4 thieves) because they came from a much earlier time period and may have been less representative.
Frost, P. and H. Harpending. (2015). Western Europe, state formation, and genetic pacification, Evolutionary Psychology, 13, 230-243. http://www.epjournal.net/articles/western-europe-state-formation-and-genetic-pacification/
Hayward, A.L. (2013[1735]). Lives of the Most Remarkable Criminals - who Have Been Condemned and Executed for Murder, the Highway, Housebreaking, Street Robberies, Coining Or Other Offences, Routledge.
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13097/13097-h/13097-h.htm
Sharpe, J. (2010). Dick Turpin: The Myth of the English Highwayman, Profile Books.
http://books.google.ca/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=4PLg58uSY2QC&oi=fnd&pg=PP9&dq=the+myth+of+the+english+highwayman&ots=-tncTTdZlQ&sig=hBBGSOhajnOpHc_G6_128gSDgtc#v=onepage&q=the%20myth%20of%20the%20english%20highwayman&f=false
Labels: England, gene-culture co-evolution, genetic pacification, Henry Harpending, violence
Photo by Shawn
I have returned to my old website, after being expelled from The Unz Review. The immediate cause was my decision to close commenting on my last column. A catfight was developing between myself and Ron Unz in the comments, and I wanted to give the two of us time to cool off. I also needed time to write my next column, which would have replied in detail to two of his criticisms. Ron felt I was violating his freedom of speech and promptly blocked access to my author's account.
This may be all for the best. In the heat of anger, people say certain things they had previously kept quiet about. Ron was still resentful over my criticisms of his article "Race, IQ, and Wealth," which he had published some three years ago (Unz, 2012; Frost, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c). I thought his thinking had evolved since then, particularly with the latest findings by Piffer (2013, see also Frost, 2014). Apparently not.
It's important not to lose sight of the big picture. The Unz Review is still doing good work by assisting writers like Steve Sailer and Razib Khan, and others may join them in the future. But it is very unlikely that I will return there.
I don't wish to be drawn into a tedious argument over "I say, he says." For what it's worth, I did not delete any comments that Ron made in reply to my criticisms of his 2012 article. He may be thinking of an email exchange between the two of us, which was partly reproduced in Frost (2012b). In the time I've known him, I've only deleted one of his comments, and that was the one he left after I had closed commenting on my last column.
Frost, P. (2012a). Ron Unz on Race, IQ, and Wealth, Evo and Proud, July 21,
http://www.evoandproud.blogspot.ca/2012/07/ron-unz-on-race-iq-and-wealth.html
Frost, P. (2012b). More on Race, IQ, and Wealth, Evo and Proud, July 28
http://www.evoandproud.blogspot.ca/2012/07/more-on-race-iq-and-wealth.html
Frost, P. (2012c). He who pays the piper, Evo and Proud, August 18
http://www.evoandproud.blogspot.ca/2012/08/he-who-pays-piper.html
Frost, P. (2014). Population differences in intellectual capacity: a new polygenic analysis, Evo and Proud, March 8
http://evoandproud.blogspot.ca/2014/03/population-differences-in-intellectual.html
Piffer, D. (2013). Factor analysis of population allele frequencies as a simple, novel method of detecting signals of recent polygenic selection: The example of educational attainment and IQ, Interdisciplinary Bio Central, provisional manuscript
http://www.ibc7.org/article/journal_v.php?sid=312
Unz, R. (2012). Race, IQ, and Wealth, The American Conservative, July 18.
http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/race-iq-and-wealth/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Douglas County may well need a counselor when this election is over, and the Carson Valley Active 20-30 Club may have found just the man for the job.
Substance abuse counselor Lance Crowley was named citizen of the year by the club.
A Sheridan Acres resident, Crowley works with Minden firm Three Peaks Therapy.
Winners of the 2018 Carson Valley Days Parade were announced at the Carson Valley 20-30 Club at Lampe Park on Saturday afternoon.
The overall parade winner was All About Dance.


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Providing video production services in Russia
Archive | May 2014
in Our films
Julia Seregina Collection
As part of our documentary "Women in creative industries" we filmed the collection catwalk of Julia Seregina that took place at the Flacon Fashion Festival in Moscow in the Flacon design factory on the 23rd of May. We got loads of great behind the scenes footage as well as the main event and could not resist making a short film.
Julia combines contemporary design and the comfort of natural knitwear to create new forms and silhouettes that flatter the femininity and beauty in women. She tirelessly searches for new sources of inspiration and takes themes from the natural environment to create collections that inspire. Find out more about her work here
in Munro on Location
SDI Toolbox Motion Graphic
On the 29-30 april, The Service Desk Institute (SDI) had a soft launch of their Big Red Toolbox at SITS14 (The service Desk and IT support Show) at Earls Court, London. We created a motion graphic for their show stand which brought to life the toolbox logo.
We are really excited to be part of the toolbox project working with a great team, and look forward to bringing to life a lot of their industry research in interesting and innovative ways.
We have had a big part in the development of the Toolbox branding, from the original logo through to the website look and feel.
in Fixer/Producer, Munro on Location, TV shows
Tough Trains Siberia
Just back from Northern Siberia where we were filming an episode of 'Tough Trains' about the world's most extraordinary train journeys. This travel series from the makers of Globe Trekker features remarkably tough feats of railway engineering across the globe in some of the harshest climates.
For this episode we travelled on passenger and freight trains, drove the ice road which follows the notorious unfinished railroad, known as Stalin's Road of Death and spent time with reindeer herders in their Choom on the way to Salekhard. We then traveled on the most northerly railway in the world from Obskaya all the way to Bovanenkovo.
This is a pretty tough journey in very extreme conditions but even with the freezing winds and snow fields as far as you can see it was a fantastic adventure for the whole crew, traveling the all the way from Tuymen to Karskaya.
Here is a little behind the scene's fun.
Women in creative industries
We are in the process of developing this short film about 3 women in different creative industries. It shows how they have to balance their family life and their professional life. All 3 took part in the British Councils work shop for creative entrepreneurs held in November 2013. All 3 also got into the 5 chosen to have a further 3 months tutoring sessions.
We will show how this has helped them develop and aim to inspire others to take the huge risk of turning their passion into a business.
This film follows Nika Chernyaeva, a modern artist who gave up her well paid job in PR to concentrate only on developing her very unique style of painting.
Fashion designer Yulia Seregina, who's collections are of search beauty in opposing environmental and urban themes designed for "City-smart" woman
Then our very own Alyona Pimanova – A TV and documentary film producer who is focused on showing foreign production teams the beauty of Russia, its people and culture.
This project is at the pitching stage and we very soon hope to have more news about the funding of this film and start production.
Just Blaze Official Music Video
Although Munro Productions specialise in providing high quality filming services in Russia we sometimes can not resist getting involved with musicians to create music videos. This one was filmed for Arron Hudd and includes shots of London's south bank skatepark as well as Old Arbat Street in Moscow.
This was so much fun to film and produce and we really look forward to working on another video for Arron. We are dedicated to making factual and social documentaries, there is just something about making a music video where you can just be totally creative. We love music at Munro HQ and are always looking for the next music video shoot.
The lyrics have such vivid imagery that we worked hard to make the video reflect that.
TFT14 Winter Ident
Tomorrow's Future Today, is the world's first 24-hour, global virtual conference. Munro Productions created the TFT14 winter ident which was seen live across the globe as the conference followed the sun. Find out more about TFT by visiting their website http://www.tomorrowsfuturetoday.com
We are now looking forward to the TFT14 summer conference and starting work on the summer ident.
in Munro on Location, Our films
Mir Estates Corporate Film
In December 2013 we filmed a corporate video for Bulgarian Real Estate company Mir Estates. Our brief was to create a film to be used as a marketing tool, to meet the team and to show some of the beautiful properties for sale in Bulgaria. We first met Stanimira Kulova, head of Mir Estates while filming I want a house abroad for TLC Russia in 2011.
Stanimira Kulova has since then become a good friend of ours and so it was with great pleasure to make this film for them. We were especially pleased with the helicopter/multicopter shots that added a special element to this film. The whole shoot was great fun and they made our crew feel very welcome while filming in their office in Moscow.


Qualifications: Experience in quantity or restaurant cooking and baking; self-motivated; ability to work well with others. Expected to have acquired the necessary skills and information to perform the job reasonably well after six (6) months in the position.
Technical Skills:. Ability to understand and follow oral and written instruction of varying detail.
Supervision: General supervision is provided and job related decisions are reviewed. Employee has no supervisory responsibility over subordinate personnel.
Financial Accountability: Employee does not have direct financial accountability in this position and does not participate in the budget development process. Employee does have indirect financial responsibility by assuring supplies are used effectively and not wasted.
Appropriate Dress: Appropriate uniform and identification required.
Personal Relations: Deals frequently with residents, family members, other staff members and the general public. Must be able to maintain good relations.
Physical Requirements: Ability to move, sit, stand, bend and lift intermittently throughout the workday. Ability to lift up to 75 pounds. Must be able to pass job-related physical and substance abuse screening.
Mental Requirements: Ability to read and comprehend facility policies and procedures. Ability to protect confidential information, be attentive for extended periods of time, work under distracting conditions, and utilize good judgment. Ability to adapt to different people, behavior and circumstances, to control anger and maintain professional demeanor, and to remain calm under stress and anger.
Special Requirements: Must be able to pass pre-employment physical and substance abuse screening. Must meet current Kansas's regulations regarding criminal background checks.


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Q: vb.net how to send sms via gsm to mobile phone from desktop aplication having difficulties in sending sms via gsm to mobile phone. it giving me this error. CANNOT CONNECT TO PORT COM11. THE REQUESTED RESOURCE IS IN USE. Using windows 7. below is my code
            Dim comm = New GsmCommMain("COM11", 460800, 6000)
            TextBox2.Text = "Balance" + "" + Txtbalance.Text
            Dim pdu = New SmsSubmitPdu(TextBox2.Text, Txtcellnumber.Text)
            comm.Open()
            comm.SendMessage(pdu)
            comm.Close()

A: Have you run your program or visual studio as an Administrator?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Being "green" or "living sustain-ably" doesn't just mean recycling and turning off the lights when you leave a room. There are many things you can do everyday to reduce your impact on the environment that are easy and fun. Check out the tips below to find out how you can live a little more green everyday. Click on the photos to learn more about each topic.
They may not be the cuddliest of all creatures (note: if you get a cactus, best not to even try), but plants can spruce up your space and freshen the air.
If you can adjust the thermostat in your room, turn the heat to a maximum of 68° and the air conditioning to a minimum of 76°. Adjust the temperature if you're away and make sure your windows are closed and sealed so air doesn't leak out.
Power strips are great for increasing the number of outlets you have, keeping alliances safe from power surges, and for saving electricity. Just remember to flip the switch off when you're done using your appliances!
Vinegar, baking soda, and a few other basic items can go a long way to keeping your dorm room clean and sanitized. These simple ingredients are non-toxic, safe to handle, and cheaper than buying commercially produced alternatives.
Keep a recycling bin (or box) beside your trashcan so you remember to sort out what's recyclable before you throw things in the trash. See the How To Recycle at Berea College page for more details.


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WinterSilks is a clothing brand that was introduced in 1978. The company is known for selling some of the most comfortable silk apparel that will keep you warm and cozy. The firm began as a boutique mail-order company that was known for selling some of the most luxurious silk wears that people could find. WinterSilks is a member of the brand, Bluestem Brands, Inc. The company offers its customers a chance to buy a variety of ready-to-wear men and women apparels, some sleepwear and lingerie, along with some other accessories, etc.
The brand offers the majority of these clothing items in silk. However, the company has expanded its range of fabrics and now provides a variety of fabrics to choose from. Also, all these fabrics have some similar qualities; they're skin-friendly, provide comfort and warmth and are incredibly comfortable to wear. The brand even offers its customers the chance to shop for comfort at discounted rates by only using valid WinterSilks coupons. These, WinterSilks coupons help in minimizing the cost of an order and allow you to shop for the products you want without messing the budget you have.
The brand is inspired by the comfort that one experiences while wearing a pair of long johns.
Has an online presence as well as an ever-growing global presence.
Ever wondered about the concept behind the company's available silk wears? Well, years ago, the founder of the brand used to walk from work in sub-zero weather, freezing in the cold. It was until he came upon a pair of some silk long johns and he wore them to work. To his utter surprise the pair of new clothing kept him extremely warm and dry throughout the day, and so he decided to wear them every day. These long johns allowed him to wear his work clothes on top, provided him with comfort and made it easier to walk in freezing temperatures. And so this is how he came up with the idea of introducing silk wear for people to opt for, that would provide them with extreme comfort and warmth during cold weather. The offered silk wear could be worn to work as well as at home.
The company sells both men and women silk clothing, long underwear, some intimates and sleepwear for customers to are. You can get your hands on a pair of these fabulous silk apparels at low rates by simply using WinterSilks coupons. These clothing and accessories are designed while keeping in mind one's comfort. The store features luxurious silk pajamas to silk long underwear and lots of other products that you can shop for at some amazing prices by simply using WinterSilks one at checkout.
WinterSilks offers its customers to take advantage of the WinterSilks base layers for the winters to keep them super warm and cozy without having to bulk on too much. The company has three different types of these special bases layers, the lightweight base layer, the mid-weight and lastly the heavy-weight base layers. These are perfect for people looking for some comfortable and warm clothing. These silk long underwear help by keeping one warm and are luxuriously soft against the skin.
The lightweight ones are stretchable, breathable. They keep you warm on the inside while you walk around in cold weather. You can wear them under your everyday regular clothes. They are great to wear when traveling.
The mid-weight long underwear is created using silk that is a bit heavier in weight, yet still not too heavy to be uncomfortable. These are great add-ons to wear in the chilly autumn seasons. You can just turn down your thermostats and save energy because if you're wearing this pair of long underwear, you won't need the extra heat.
Lastly, the heavyweight base layer is the best option for you to opt for during the extreme winter times. These will keep you keep warm and dry all day long. They are an excellent choice for outdoor activities and great for sleeping in during the winters as well!
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Dripping with sweat, and smelling of booze, Dirty Moonshine is everything your mother told you to avoid. Rumbling and thundering from the Gauteng highveld, Dirty Moonshine sets the South African music scene ablaze.
Reminiscent of hot days, boozy nights, and dusty shoes, Dirty Moonshine has taken their own unique brand of rock' n roll across the country, with a view to turn every single venue upside down.
Four members with a collective experience old enough that it could legally order its own scotch, the band has forged its own inimitable sound within an otherwise decaying market.
So if you like some grit in your music, and dust in your soul, follow the thud of the bass to find Dirty Moonshine on a stage near you.


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Netflix movie to film in Macon-Bibb County
by Rachel Gambill | Jul 2, 2019 | Community News, News
Netflix will be filming portions of a movie in Macon-Bibb County during the next several weeks. "Ivan" will begin prepping areas of the community July 1, and filming will be from July 15 through July 22. A full list of permanent closures and temporary closures can be found in the links below, both as a list of streets and maps.
"We're getting a reputation as a great place to film, from our locations to our ability to work with the companies to the welcoming nature of our community," says District 2 Commissioner Larry Schlesinger. "I'm excited the film industry is doing more and more work here as it has a direct positive impact on our businesses."
This filming follows several movies that have filmed in Macon-Bibb, including The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings, Wise Blood, A Trip to Bountiful, The Crazies, Trouble with the Curve, 42, Need For Speed, The Fifth Wave, The Best of Enemies, and Zombieland: Double Tap. Several television shows have also filmed here, including Brockmire, The Originals, The Vampire Diaries, Witches of East End, and "Brooklyn."
Click each map to enlarge:
Filming Timeline:
Temporary Convenience Center hours expand to include weekends
Effective immediately, the hours at the Convenience Center in Downtown Macon (1010 11th Street) will expand to provide people more access to unload their trash and other material. The new hours of the temporary center will be seven days a week from 8:00 a.m. - 4:00...
Storm Scoop: The Battle of Snow and Ice
As we deal with lower temperatures this winter season, we want to remind you to be prepared if snow and ice ever appears in our community. Make sure you have your disaster kit ready with extra water, flashlights, batteries, non-perishable foods, and other...
Staff Spotlight: Carl Crump and Gloria Dwight
This week, we are shining our Staff Spotlight on two people who work hard to make City Hall and other County buildings look their best. Carl Crump is our Facilities Maintenance Manager, overseeing a dozen maintenance workers in the County. Crump, who was born and...
Macon-Bibb kicks off Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. celebrations
The Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Commission has officially begun the year-long celebration in honor and remembrance of Dr. King. On Monday, January 3, the Commission kicked off the celebration with a wreath laying ceremony. You can watch the full ceremony here. "We need...
Macon-Bibb County offers two new COVID-19 testing sites
Beginning Monday, January 10, Macon-Bibb County and Heritage Pharma Group will offer free COVID-19 testing at two drive-through sites. Tests include both the PCR (nasal swab) and rapid (mouth swab) tests. Mayor Lester Miller made the announcement on Friday along with...
100 houses down in #BlightFight, plenty more to go
As we start the new year, our Code Enforcement crews and other departments are working hard to take down more blighted and dangerous houses in our community. The goal is not only to keep Macon-Bibb looking great, but to make it a safer place to live. On Wednesday,...
Yard & bulk waste collection week ahead
Ryland Environmental is continuing its transition to the new solid waste collection company for all Macon-Bibb County, and this past week, they were finishing up delivery of the new trash (red) and recycling (blue) carts while emptying all other carts on the curb to...
Trash Talk: Ryland takes over
Ryland Environmental has officially taken over all solid waste services in Macon-Bibb County. Trucks rolled out on Monday, January 3 to pick up trash, recycling, yard debris, and bulk waste in every part of the County. Most of the new trash and recycling carts...
Superior Court Clerk's Office closed through January 10
In an effort to protect the safety of the staff of this office and the citizens who utilize our services our office is now closed to the public due to COVID. We have had a number of employees test positive for COVID and we feel that the best way to help prevent...
Community brings Christmas spirit to Brookdale Resource Center
On Christmas Eve, dozens of volunteers and donors made it a mission to bring Christmas to residents at the Brookdale Resource Center and they accomplished it. About 100 volunteers came together to wrap presents, decorate the Center, and feed guests and their families....


Tokyo-based artist Risa Fukui meticulously cuts sheets of paper that reveal detailed portraits. Entitled Life-Sized, Fukui has produced a collection of ten new large-scale works mounted on translucent panels. Fukui developed each piece with swirling, haphazard lines that overlap in what look like hand-drawn doodles. Up close, each piece is a messy pattern, but from a distance, the chaos reveals an orderly structure of facial features that emerge from each portrait. When you look at the portraits from behind, they are colorful while, from the front, they are beautiful all-white, floating shapes. Life-Sized is currently on display at the Pola Museum Annex in Tokyo until September, 8, 2013.


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Northwest Military
Northwest Military Blogs: McChord Flightline Chatter
August 10, 2011 at 12:34pm
Airstrike kills Taliban members who caused U.S. helicopter crash
By Tyler Hemstreet Comments
Write to Editor
This from Air Force Times: An airstrike involving American fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft killed the Taliban leader responsible for the ambush that killed 38 U.S. and Afghan forces over the weekend, according to the top U.S. commander in Afghanistan.
The Tuesday airstrike killed Mullah Mohibullah and another insurgent who fired the shot that brought down a CH-47 Chinook on Aug. 6, killing the 30 U.S. troops aboard.
Military officials announced the airstrike Wednesday morning. Gen. John Allen, the top U.S. commander in Afghanistan, told reporters about the mission during a video conference at the Pentagon.
Air Force F-16s and an AC-130H, as well as Army AH-64 Apache helicopters conducted the operation, a spokesman for NATO troops in Afghanistan told Air Force Times.
The F-16s dropped GBU-38 and GBU-54 bombs, and the Spectre fired its 105mm and 40mm cannons. The Apaches attacked insurgents with 30mm cannons.
To read the complete story, click here.
Filed under: Afghanistan Deployment U.S. Air Force
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You are here: Home Page > Law > Intellectual Property Law > Competition Law and Intellectual Property in China
This title is available as an ebook. To purchase, visit your preferred ebook provider.
Bookseller Code (07)
A new practitioner law publication
https://global.oup.com/academic/covers/pop-up/9780198793526
Competition Law and Intellectual Property in China
Edited by Spyros Maniatis, Ioannis Kokkoris, and Xiaoye Wang
Analysis of the interplay of competition law and intellectual property law in Chinese practice.
Cutting edge research, and leading practitioner insights.
Coverage of China's Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) and its enforcement.
Discussion of the developments in the transformation of patent, trademark, and copyright laws.
The edited volume will adopt a thematic approach to some controversial issues in the area of competition law and IP in China and will include contributions from leading academics and practitioners. The combination of the editors as well as the contributors' expertise on competition and IP law, and their practical experience and perspectives, guarantees that the book will present a high quality up to date, detailed analysis of the different perspectives that these jurisdictions take in the enforcement of competition and IP law.
The volume discusses the current trends as well as the future challenges of the enforcement in these areas. The book aims to further the understanding of these controversial and fast paced issues by offering insights and recommendations on the basis of a comprehensive and thoughtful analysis. It therefore aims to become the ultimate point of reference to scholars, law and policy makers, and other stakeholders.
1. Introduction to IP and Anti-Monopoly Legislation and Practice in China, Ioannis Kokkoris, Spyros Maniatis and Yajie Gao
2. Patent Type Requirements and Procedure from Filing to Granting, Fabio Giacopello
3. Patent Litigation in China, Alan Xu
4. Trade Marks and Related Rights in China, Dong Zhu and Xiuqin Lin
5. Intellectual Property Courts in China, Duncan Matthews
6. Copyright and Competition: Law and Enforcement in the People's Republic of China, Guan H. Tang
7. SEPs and Competition Law: From the Perspective Case Huawei v. IDC, Xiaoye Wang and Yajie Gao
8. Intellectual Property Rights and China's Competition Law Enforcement: Implications for Foreign Rights Holders, Mark Williams
9. Anti-Competitive Agreements and Intellectual Property Licensing in China, Ken Dai
10. Abuse of Dominance and Intellectual Property in China, Fay Zhou, Anna Mitchell and Xi Liao
11. Competition Law and Industrial Policy in China, Burton Ong and Tao Tao
12. Merger Control and its Impact on Innovation in China, Francois Renard and Charles Pommies
Spyros Maniatis, Professor of Intellectual Property Law and Head of CCLS, Queen Mary University of London,Ioannis Kokkoris, Chair in Law and Economics, Queen Mary University of London,Xiaoye Wang, Professor and Director of Economic Law Department, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Professor Ioannis Kokkoris holds a Chair in Law and Economics at the Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London, UK. He is an expert on competition law and economics. His main research interests are in the area of law and economics, comparative competition law/economics and policy focusing on EU, China and ASEAN, as well as intellectual property. Professor Kokkoris has formerly served as Principal Case Officer/Economic Advisor in the Mergers branch at the Office of Fair Trading, UK where he dealt with leading cases such as NASDAQ/LSE, NYSE/Euronext, Global/GCap and was a member of the drafting team of the UK Merger Guidelines. He has also worked on abuse of dominance cases as well as cartels and other anticompetitive agreements cases. He has previously served as an Economist in the Merger Task Force at the DG Competition-European Commission.
Professor Spyros Maniatis is Professor of Intellectual Property and Director of the Centre for Commercial Law Studies at Queen Mary University of London. He is co-author of "Trade Marks, Trade Names, and Unfair Competition World Law and Practice" and "Trade Marks in Europe: a Practical Jurisprudence". Professor Maniatis is a lawyer, academic and IP specialist who works closely with IP practitioners and whose primary area of expertise is international and European trade mark law. He has been teaching trade mark law since 1995 at a postgraduate level (for example, he teaches the LL.M. in International and Comparative Law of Trade Marks, Designs and Unfair Competition at Queen Mary along with David Llewellyn, a solicitor and editor of Kerly's Law of Trade Marks and Trade Names). He has published many articles and has contributed parts or chapters to several works on IP law.
Professor Xiaoye Wang holds a Doctor Juris from University Hamburg in 1993, and is Professor of Law at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Distinguished Professor at Hunan University. She serves as Vice President of the Chinese Society of Economic Law, Consultant Expert for the Anti-Monopoly Commission under the State Council, and was advisor for the Drafting Committee of the China's AML under the State Council and the National People's Congress(NPC), and the Head of the Consultant Committee for WTO Trade and Competition Policy under MOFCOM.
Dr. Cristina Volpin (Associate Editor) is as a Competition Expert at the OECD, Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs. She was previously an associate lecturer and research fellow in competition law at the Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London. She contributed to various international projects, including the study on the review of the European Merger Regulation regarding minority shareholdings. She is guest editor of the Antitrust Bulletin and she has published in the Common Market Law Review and other leading journals. She was a Visiting Research student at UCL. She graduated in Law from the University of Padua and holds a Ph.D. in EU Competition Law from the same University.
Ioannis Kokkoris
Spyros Maniatis
Xiaoye Wang
Yajie Gao
Fabio Giacopello
Alan Xu
Dong Zhu
Xiuqin Lin
Duncan Matthews
Guan H. Tang
Ken Dai
Fay Zhou
Anna Mitchell
Xi Liao
Burton Ong
Tao Tao
Francois Renard
Charles Pommies
How to Fix Copyright
William Patry
The Oxford Handbook of International Antitrust Economics, Volume 1
Roger D. Blair and D. Daniel Sokol
Neil Weinstock Netanel
Competition Law and Policy: Cases and Materials, 3rd edition
Philip Clarke, Stephen Corones, and Julie Clarke
EU Cartel Law and Economics
Damien Geradin, Hans Zenger, and Andreas Stephan
Contemporary Intellectual Property
Abbe Brown, Smita Kheria, Jane Cornwell...
EU Competition Law
Alison Jones and Brenda Sufrin
Blackstone's Statutes on IT and e-Commerce
Steve Hedley and Tanya Aplin
Competition Law in India
T Ramappa
Information Technology Law
Ian Lloyd
Intellectual Property Law Concentrate
Tim Press
Competition Law of the EU and UK
Sandra Marco Colino
Indian Patent Law and Practice
K.C. Kankanala, A.K. Narasani, and V. Radhakrishnan
Goyder's EC Competition Law
Joanna Goyder and Albertina Albors-Llorens
Law > Intellectual Property Law
Law > Antitrust Law


In celebration of the seventieth anniversary of The House of Dior's debut spring-summer 1947 collection, the National Gallery of Victoria, Australia recently presented the never-before-seen exhibition The House of Dior: Seventy Years of Haute Couture. Exclusive to Melbourne, the exhibition is a collaboration between the NGV and the House of Dior, Paris, and features a sumptuous display of over 140 garments from Christian Dior Couture designed between 1947 and 2017.
The NGV has announced that two Dior haute couture works, especially commissioned for and acquired by the gallery, will be on display in the exhibition. They are Essence d'Herbier from the spring–summer 2017 collection, designed by Maria Grazia Chiuri and Look 10, Bar coat from the autumn-winter 2012–13 collection, designed by Raf Simons. Drawing primarily on material from the House of Dior archive and the NGV Collection, the exhibition also features accessories, sketches, photographs, haute couture toiles (prototypes) and multimedia.
The exhibition, first outside of Paris, will also explore Dior's unique affinity with Australia, including the historic spring 1948 fashion parade at David Jones, Sydney, which featured 50 original creations by Christian Dior. It is also featuring the iconic grand, sweeping staircase used in countless photo shoots and fashion parades over the House's 70-year history.
The exhibition opening was celebrated with the inaugural NGV Gala, a ticketed, black-tie ball on Saturday 26 August 2017. The proceeds from this event will go toward supporting the NGV Fashion and Textiles Collection.
How does fashion transcend virtuosity and timelessness? In a 1953 etching that turned up in the Dior archives, Albert Decaris retraces Dior's expansion around the world in a map. Then, there's the couturier's assertion in his autobiography titled 'Dior by Dior: "A complete collection should address all types of women in all countries." These inspirations have led Maria Grazia Chiuri, the Artistic Director of women's collections, in creating the Autumn-Winter 2017-2018 Haute Couture collection that celebrates the House's 70th anniversary.
Chiuri's designs is a symbolism of a desire for faraway lands, the need to travel to discover the world and oneself, to feel emotion, grow and evolve; her own journey from Rome to Paris and her exploration of the Dior heritage. She is inspired to draw elements from the masculine wardrobe and mixing them with ethnic pieces. Stephen Jones, the milliner celebrates his 20th anniversary this year as Dior's hat designer and artist Pietro Ruffo designed the décor that retraces the Earth and the celestial sphere with poetic grace.


Directions: Rt. 18F Lower River Rd. to Youngstown Estates entrance. Follow Riverview Dr. to stop sign. Turn right onto Dansworth Dr, then left onto Hawthorne Pl. House will be on your left, sign in place.
Please contact me with more information about the property located at 401 Hawthorne Place, Porter. The MLS number is B1180788.


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Nine out of ten Statistics are taken out of Context
This guest post is by Professor Robin Lovell-Badge, who is head of the division of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics at the Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research in London. This is a very clear and thorough debunking of a common animal rights myth where they suggest that because nine out of ten drugs that pass animal tests still fail to be approved, that animal tests must not work – In this post Prof Lovell-Badge explains the true meaning of these misused and misunderstood statistics.
Facts without context
Those opposed to animal research often point out that most drugs that pass the legally required toxicology tests in animals go on to fail in human clinical trials. They then go on to suggest that this shows that animal research does not work, or that it is proof that animals are not accurate models for humans.
However, this is misleading without an understanding of the relevant context and the reasons for the animal safety tests. Ironically, the figures cited by many animal rights activists are actually drawn from industry and are intended to explain the expense of developing safe and useful medicines.
The most frequently used statistics are
"90% drugs tested on animals fail" – British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection
"92% of drugs fail in clinical trials, having successfully passed through animal studies" – Safer Medicines Trust
"In fact according to the FDA's research, nine out of ten drugs deemed successful in animal tests fail in human clinical trials" – Humane Society International
The main sources of this information come from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2006, Mike Leavitt said:
"Currently, nine out of ten experimental drugs fail in clinical studies because we cannot accurately predict how they will behave in people based on laboratory and animal studies," said Health and Human Services Secretary Mike Leavitt (alternative source).
The 92% statistic comes from an earlier report which showed only 8% of those drugs passing animal testing stages would go on successfully to be FDA approved.
"For example, a new medicinal compound entering Phase 1 testing, often representing the culmination of upwards of a decade of preclinical screening and evaluation, is estimated to have only an 8 percent chance of reaching the market." – Challenges and Opportunities Report, FDA, 2004
Are the figures right?
To help break down these statistics, it is useful to look at the success rates at each stage (source). In the diagram below the red percentages show the proportion of drugs that move from one stage to another – so 64% of New Molecular Entities (NMEs – essentially new drugs) will pass the animal tests (preclinical studies) and be moved into Phase 1 clinical trials in humans. Looked another way, animal experiments remove 36% of the potential drugs from moving onto the next stage. This is almost certainly a good thing as it avoids humans being given drugs which are likely to be toxic to them. The percentages at the bottom look at the percentage chance that a drug that has made it to that stage will make it all the way – so of all the drugs that make it to Phase 2 clinical trials, 12% will be approved by the FDA (and 88% will fail).
NME = New Molecular Entity. This means a possible drug that is going through trials.
The first thing to note is of those drugs which pass animal tests, 94% will fail during human clinical trials stages (Phases 1 – 3)*.
* number of drugs which have passed Phase 3 clinical trials ÷ number of drugs which have passed just animal tests = 1.2 ÷ 19.4 = 6.2% of drugs which reach Phase 1 trials are eliminated by Phase 1-3 clinical trials. 100 – 6.2 = 93.8% fail.
So the failure rate is actually higher than even the animal rights organisations suggest (since they are using data from before 2006). Is this damning for animal research?
Consider that of all the drugs which pass Phase 1 clinical trials in humans, 86% will fail in later stage human trials**. Yet, we do not hear activists suggesting that humans are an entirely inappropriate model for drug development (though we should note that one human is not a perfect model for another).
** number of drugs which have passed Phase 3 clinical trials ÷ number of drugs which have passed Phase 1 trials = 1.2 ÷ / 8.6 = 14% of drugs which pass Phase 1 trials are eliminated by Phase 2-3 clinical trials. 100 – 14 = 86% fail.
Facts with context
Here is where it is important to understand a little about the drug development process.
Before the preclinical animal tests there are a large number of pre-preclinical non-animal tests done on all manner of research tools including computer models, automatic screening, cell cultures, microbial studies and more. These methods are used to (relatively) cheaply remove many potentially toxic, or obviously non-starting drugs from reaching the more expensive animal testing stage – greatly reducing the amount of animal research required for a drug to reach market.
So contrary to animal rights claims of alternative methods being better, the truth is that 94% of drugs that pass animal AND non-animal preclinical tests will fail in human tests.
So rather than damn just the animal tests, have animal rights activists managed to damn all of preclinical research? In short, no.
The role of preclinical animal tests is to check if the drug offers any potential therapeutic value and, importantly, if it is safe enough to move to Phase 1 trials in humans. This does not even mean free of all side effects, but to learn whether a drug can safely be given to humans and at what approximate dosage.
If you want to know how truly successful animal tests are, consider that in over 30 years there has not been a single death in a Phase 1 clinical trial in the UK. The last major incident was in 2006 in the Northwick Park trials where 6 people suffered extreme side effects in a Phase 1 clinical trial – though it should be noted that TGN1412 was a very novel type of molecule which was poorly understood. Considering that there are normally over 200 Phase I clinical trials each year in the UK (each involving multiple people), animal testing has been exceptionally effective at keeping dangerous drugs away from people.
Even Phase 1 clinical trials in humans are not intended to check for efficacy, but rather to assess whether a drug is safe enough to be tried in a larger number of patients (who are suffering from an illness the drug is intended to treat).
Furthermore, when a drug is licensed for use, it is on the basis of the clinical trials in humans, not the preclinical animal tests which exist to ensure that a drug is safe enough to move into Phase 1 trials. So when animal rights activists claim that adverse drug reactions can be blamed on animal tests approving the drug, remember that it is the clinical trials in thousands of people which provide the evidence of its safety.
Professor Robin Lovell-Badge
Head of the Division of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London
Posted on January 23, 2013 April 5, 2017 by EditorPosted in News, Outreach News, Science NewsTagged 92% of drugs, animal tests, drug development, FDA, nine out of ten drugs, predictive.
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10 thoughts on "Nine out of ten Statistics are taken out of Context"
The funniest thing is the failure to realize that a negative correlation is *just as useful* as a positive correlation. If we, counterfactually, take their claims as intended*; then we ought to still test on animals and throw away those compounds that pass, instead of those that fail.
* That animal testing has a 90% success rate.
Just to add, the true success rate is "0.1(P +Animal) + P(- Human|- Animal)". Where P(+ Animal) is the probability that a drug passes animal trials and P(- Human|- Animal) is the probability that a drug fails human trails given that it failed animal trials.
Registry says:
I'll say, lastly, that the potency of this 94% figure is that, no matter how many drugs then go on to fail in the human stages of testing, the central point is that any candidate drug must in every instance demonstrate some adequate measure of safety in animal models before advancing to human systems. The process itself is arranged in a way that requires compatibility with a non-human system, which is something that the field (especially via epidemiology and toxicology) has long recognized as a poor approach to identifying novel medicines. It also begs the question of what candidates have been failed out of development because of animal model data that could have beneficial effects in humans? I look forward to regulatory options in the future for industry to be able to retest promising candidates in this group in an approach that is fundamentally more human-like, as I expect there are sound therapies that emerge.
Apologies for the sequential comments!
"Yet, we do not hear activists suggesting that humans are an entirely inappropriate model for drug development (though we should note that one human is not a perfect model for another)." As an aside, I think this is part of the larger point: humans voluntarily participate in clinical trials. Let's please avoid demonising the other side for having a position, and let's also avoid our own games of toying with context and characterization.
It seems a bit out of sorts to avoid acknowledging that animal rights groups frequently cite this figure as a reason for exploring additional methodologies of drug development beyond the approach that has yielded the not-exciting 94% failure rate. It's not so much that an alternative is better because of this scary number, it's that there's generally not an alternative for the whole of preclinical testing so we're left with this scary number. And that is a real issue: how do we develop a system that doesn't result in such a high failure rate when the cost of putting a candidate drug through the system is so incredibly expensive. Once to market, too, authorised drugs continue to cause adverse effects in the humans who consume them, the tracking of which are still as imperfect as the drug development process. In that regard, it is disingenuous to say that animal testing has saved consumers from grievous harm because so few people have died during the clinical trials themselves. And this I add as an epidemiologist on the adverse event tracking side of the equation.
animal tests remove dangerous drugs from reaching stages at which their adverse or toxciological effects would result in much human suffering. It doesn't save all consumers – but that's not it's job.
It's hard to say definitively what it's job is, since the regulations on the matter simply say that tests systems need to reliably define a compound's purity, potency, safety and efficacy. It gets more complicated when the entity in question is a biological or biosimilar. Nevertheless, the actual aims to a preclinical study aren't set in stone and are typically determined (in the U.S.) in consultation between the FDA and the company hoping to begin a clinical trial. For instance, "sponsors may request to meet with FDA-reviewing officials early in the drug development process to review and reach agreement on the design of necessary preclinical and clinical studies… The primary purpose of this meeting is to review and reach agreement on the design of animal studies needed to initiate human testing," as outlined in 21 CFR 312.82. Animal tests are one component of a suite of preclinical tests that are applied for this purpose. A more proper wording of the idea you reference is that animal tests and many other tests remove dangerous drugs from causing human suffering in clinical trials.
And yet, nevertheless, the whole shebang isn't very good at identifying the good drugs in the mix, which is most certainly a goal of preclinical testing. I hope we can at least agree that the ideal is to move toward systems that are better than the status quo.
Dilip says:
Good informative article, which clearly conveys the facts about requirements of animal research to animal activist, who are opposing it. As on date there are no complete alternatives available to replace overall animal experiments in new drug development process.
Alistair Thompson says:
Excellent article. I think that the most important take home message is that animal and non-animal preclinical testing has made clinical trials much safer by eliminating unsafe and toxic candidate compounds. I do not think that many people would be willing to take part in clinical trials if a compound had not been extensively tested on animals first. I certainly wouldn't.
Kevin Elliott says:
Good article. If I've got my logic sorted out properly, would it be valid to say that "94% of drugs that pass non-animal preclinical tests will fail in human tests"? I'm not opposed to non-animal tests, but they have limits.


All Gardening videos. Right here. Enjoy!
Casey Lynn Lawrence is starting to Prep her Raised Bed Gardens for the Season. She shows you how she Preps and what she adds to set them up for another successful Season. Plus she tells you a Secret 'Ingredient' she mixes in every year!
Casey Lynn Lawrence shows a Simple DIY Home Decor Idea that can make any table inside or outside your home look great! She calls it, 'The Plant Platter'! In this video, she uses tropicals and succulents, but you can also use herbs! It doesn't get any more 'Garden to Table' than that! Indoor Gardening and Home Decor Combined!
Casey Lynn Lawrence shows you the Easiest and Quickest way to create your own Custom Pot Covers for your Plants! It takes 2 Minutes, 2 Materials and Under $2! The quick 'How To' Lesson is first. Continue watching for the FULL DETAILED Lesson that follows! Enjoy Indoor Gardening, In Stye! If you love gardening, you will love this idea where gardening and Home Decorating come together!
Casey Lynn Lawrence will show you how to Grow and Garden In Your Home! What you Will Learn: How to Water your seedlings, When they are ready to Transplant, How to Transplant Seedlings, What Soil and Containers to Use and How to Harden Your Plants! Plus, Casey shares a great tip on Gardening in Your Home that will Prevent gnats and make your plants stronger!
Casey Lynn Lawrence shows you how she Preps her Window Boxes/Containers for the Gardening Season. She will share tips on how to clean, what soil she uses and what Jason used to make these Window Boxes. Plus, an imperative Tip for when creating your Window Boxes, or for any Container! The Lawrence Network hopes you Enjoy this Fun and Entertaining Lesson! Thank You for Watching!
Casey Lynn Lawrence takes a trip to her parent's Greenhouse to capture Blooming Flowers and Beautiful Foliages on Camera! She even includes the variety names of all the plants throughout this Visual Video!
Casey Lynn Lawrence shows you her technique on Seeding in her home. It's a technique she learned from her Dad, Farmer Wayne, Who is a Professional Seeder and Lifetime Farmer. You will learn the seeding technique, and when Vermiculite comes into play. You will also learn how to water it once you are finished seeding. Then Casey will go over Germination tips with using your DIY Germination Chamber, and how critical it is to get those trays out once the seed pops!
Casey Lynn Lawrence shows you how you can use regular household items to start Seeding in your own home! She shows ideas for containers to start seeds in, and how to adjust them for successful germination. Plus, don't miss this easy DIY Germination Chamber that anyone can duplicate in their home by just using those same regular household items! Gardening on a Budget never got easier!!


text:
Foreign ownership of Aussie land: the peril of selling the farm
0 Published: 16 Jun 2011
Posted by: Ianis Peybernes
Short URL: https://farmlandgrab.org/18814
Posted in: Australia China Hassad Food Olam
Crikey | 16 June 2011
by Tom Cowie
Source : Crikey
With the world's population set to hit 7 billion later this year — and 10 billion by the end of the century — top quality agricultural land has never been more valuable.
Perhaps it's with an eye for a good investment opportunity or, as some concerned observers believe, to protect against any potential future food shortages, but government-backed companies have begun buying up farmland around the world, with Australia's vast tracts of top quality primary production land a prime target.
Qatar-based Hassad Foods has been a major player in the big local farmland buy-up. Backed by the Qatar Investment Authority, the company has invested more than $60 million in prime Australian sheep grazing land in the past year, with more properties in the company's sights. As well as prized Kaladbro Estate in western Victoria and Queensland's Clover Downs, Hassad's burgeoning portfolio also includes 6800 hectares of sheep grazing land in Canowindra in New South Wales.
And they're continuing to look to add to their string of acquisitions. Last week The Weekly Times reported Hassad were poised to snap up a further 8500 hectares of land in Victoria's western district in a deal worth $35 million — about 20% above market price.
Meanwhile, China state-owned conglomerate Bright Foods has also been hungrily looking to acquire local agribusinesses because of the favourable local environment for overseas investors. The Shanghai-controlled company have reported to be interested in Foster's wine division, while last year they made a failed $1.7 billion tilt for sugar producer CSR. The company has also signed a memorandum of understanding with the NSW government to explore local wine, diary and sugar investment opportunities.
In the south-east of Australia, Brazilian beef giant JBS has been busy buying up abattoirs and meatworks, while Singapore-based Olam International now control almost 45% of Australian almonds — thanks to its purchase of Timbercorp and its 8096-hectare plantation.
Crikey has begun mapping the recent purchases of prime Australian farmland by overseas interests (click the image to view the map)
Ausbuy CEO Lynne Wilkinson says the issue of food security is paramount to the rest of the world and should also be to Australia.
She says there have been many recent instances, including the sale of over 100,000 hectares of farmland in Western Australia to the Arab States, which show the Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB) and the ACCC are not looking after Australia's long term security interests.
"When countries buy our land it raises issues of sovereign risk, and in our grab for cash we lose the intellectual property of generations of Australian farmers," she told Crikey. "We cannot guarantee the food grown on this land will stay in Australia or that the profits from exports will be here."
Entrepreneur Dick Smith says he has "no doubt" there has been an increase in foreign-controlled companies buying up local agricultural properties. Smith has recently been advocated a push to a more sustainable level of economic growth.
"What people don't realise is that if someone buys prime agricultural land, we can't force them to sell us the food from that land," he told Crikey. "They can ship the food form the land directly to their country and I think that should be looked at."
Hassad chairman Nasser Mohamed Al Hajri has previously tried to allay fears that his company is setting oil-rich Qatar up for any future food shortages. But that hasn't stopped the United Nations expressing concerns over foreign multinationals buying up swathes of farmland.
Independent SA senator Nick Xenophon is worried that corporations who aren't state-owned but are "effectively arms of foreign governments" are going under under the radar in purchasing farmland. Under FIRB rules, state-owned companies must get approval for any local investment.
"If these foreign governments are planning how they are going to feed their people in the future, surely the Australian government should also been considering this issue more seriously," he told Crikey. "We should be selling the food, not the farm."
Because the sale of agricultural land in Australia is exempt under Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB) regulations, there is rarely much attention given to the overseas purchases of farmland unless the purchase of assets exceeds the $231 million threshold.
This means that there is no central source of data on just who owns what farmland — and what country they represent.
That's something Shadow Minister for Agriculture and Food Security John Cobb hopes will change with the passing of a motion in parliament earlier this year, which will see the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) collate a list of direct foreign ownership of agricultural land, water rights and businesses for the first time.
"This motion gives parliament the information needed for sensible safeguards. It will ensure the future of Australia's food security and economic interests as they relate to foreign ownership," said Cobb at the time.
Nationals leader Senator Barnaby Joyce believes the motion is a good step towards understanding the level of overseas investment in Australian agribusiness: "I think you should always take the temperature before you make the prescription," he told Crikey.
But Joyce also thinks more needs to be done to protect local food security. He says if overseas investment continues unabated a situation could arise where food prices become more expensive.
"These countries are treasuring something that perhaps we don't, because they know what it's like to be hungry," he said. "To be honest, we can build another Sydney Opera House but we can't build more primary agricultural land once it's gone."
Dick Smith agrees, but doesn't think any political party will do anything about because of the economic advantages of foreign investment: "I think we should just say any land that produces food should not be sold to overseas interests," he said. "To end up with large amounts of foreign ownership of farm land when there will undoubtedly be food shortages is unsustainable."
*Additional research by Crikey intern Iona Salter
**Are you a farmer who has recently been propositioned by an overseas conglomerate? Or have you already sold the farm? You can email us with your story at [email protected] or alternatively via our anonymous tip offs section.
Original source: Crikey
Email address (optional - if you want a reply)


text:
Find A Park > Dag Hammarskjold Plaza > News > Three Monumental Sculptures By Mexican Artist Juan Soriano On View
Dag Hammarskjold Plaza
The Daily Plant : Wednesday, November 12, 2014
Three Monumental Sculptures By Mexican Artist Juan Soriano On View
Photo Courtesy of the Artist
NYC Parks' Art in the Parks program is proud to announce the exhibition Juan Soriano in New York City: Monumental Sculpture at Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza. Three of Juan Soriano's sculptures are on view in the park, located on 47th Street between 1st and 2nd Avenues. Pájaro III (Bird III), Pájaro de Dos Caras (Bird with Two Faces), and Paloma de Bronce (Bronze Dove) are on view through April 2015. This exhibition is Parks' 18th temporary art installation in collaboration with the Friends of Dag Hammarskjold Plaza since 2000.
Mexican artist Juan Soriano (1920-2006) was an independent voice during the years that murals by Rivera, Siqueiros and Orozco dominated Mexican art. Soriano put distance between his art and theirs, creating an individual vision in painting, ceramics, stage and costume design, and monumental sculptures. Inspired by the popular and indigenous arts of Mexico, Soriano also drew on Cubism, German Expressionism, Fauvism and the Paris artists of the interwar period.
Soriano was born in Guadalajara, Mexico in a household of nannies, four sisters and thirteen aunts always dressed in black in varying stages of mourning. These women had a profound effect on his art, especially his portraits of women. At an early age he was already considered a very talented artist and at age 14 he had his first exhibition. Just one year later in 1935, after the encouragement of fellow artists, he moved to Mexico City and entered the social circles of progressive intellectuals and artists. However, after a period he felt trapped by the dogmatic imposition of the muralists and left for a long journey through Europe.
He was in constant search for new expressions, and was, in his own words, afraid of auto complacency. During his search in the mid 1980s he shifted to monumental sculptures that were often semi-abstract representations of animals from his imagination. He intended for people to actively interact with these imaginary animals—to touch them, see them and question their existence. The current show of three oversized birds also demonstrates his whimsical side.
This exhibition is presented by The World Council of Peoples for the United Nations, The Consulate General of Mexico in New York, The Mexican Cultural Institute of New York, and the Fundación Juan Soriano y Marek Keller.
NYC Parks' Art in the Parks program has consistently fostered the creation and installation of temporary public art in parks throughout the five boroughs. Since 1967, collaborations with arts organizations and artists have produced hundreds of public art projects in New York City parks. For more information visit www.nyc.gov/parks/art.
MILLION TREES NYC STEWARDSHIP DAY EDGES TREES CLOSER TO MILLION GOAL
On October 25, 495 volunteers took part in MillionTreesNYC's Fall Stewardship Day. Stewardship Day took place at eight locations including, Van Cortlandt Park, Raoul Wallenberg Forest, Inwood Hill Park, two locations at Alley Pond Park, Clove Lakes Park and Conference House Park.
Volunteers arrived and received a demonstration on stewardship work and how to plant trees. They were then set to work on planting trees with shovels, wheelbarrows and tools in tow. One volunteer came with his parents who were visiting from Ohio and chose to spend the day planting and caring for trees rather than go sightseeing.
As of October's Stewardship Day with 913, 765 planted trees, MillionTreesNYC edges closer to its goal to plant and care for a million trees.
MillionTreesNYC was launched in 2007 with the goal of planting and caring for a million trees citywide by 2015. MillionTreesNYC offer workshops in addition to events that teach tree care and foster stewardship.
Trees are vulnerable when they are young and recently planted. Therefore active maintenance can help ensure their long-term survival. You can even become a Street Tree Steward to care for newly planted street trees in your neighborhood.
To learn more about MillionTreesNYC or how to become a Tree Steward, please visit www.nyc.gov/parks
QUOTATION FOR THE DAY
"The tree which moves some to tears of joy is in the eyes of others only a green thing that stands in the way. Some see nature all ridicule and deformity… and some scarce see nature at all. But to the eyes of the man of imagination, nature is imagination itself."
Directions to Dag Hammarskjold Plaza
"Arch III" Arrives At Dag Hammarskjold Plaza
Rachel Owens' Inveterate Composition For Clare In Dag Hammarskjold Plaza
Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza
Katharine Hepburn Garden
More About Dag Hammarskjold Plaza
Council Member: Keith Powers
Park ID: M203C
Property Type: Triangle/Plaza


The idea of value investment is being inspired to apply the knowledge and skillsets in making actual, accurate precise investment decisions. Learned from Warren Buffett's investing approach and at the same time understand your own investment approach.
In completion of this course, participants may consider to take up the course, Investing for Life.
Apply his idea to a retail investor – is it workable?
What is the suitable way for yourself?


The InCommon Assurance Program enables Service Providers to reduce their risk by requiring Identity Providers to adopt a set of standard identity and electronic credential practices that meet service risk requirements.
To request InCommon Identity Assurance Qualifiers from a certified Identity Provider, a Service Provider must be an InCommon Participant.
Determine which Identity Assurance Profile aligns with your risk assessment. For guidance with this step, you can use E-Authentication Guidance for Federal Agencies [PDF], which provides a process for determining whether your service warrants requesting 800-63 Level 1 (InCommon Bronze) or Level 2 (InCommon Silver). NIST levels 3 and 4 are not supported by InCommon at this time.
Configure your SAML software to use SAML V2.0's AuthnContext mechanism, check InCommon metadata for official Identity Assurance Qualifiers at runtime, and to handle errors in the event the IdP can not satisfy your assurance requirements. For more information, see Assurance Technical Implementation Considerations on the wiki.
Notify InCommon of your intent to request Bronze or Silver Profiles, by sending your contact information to admin AT incommon.org. You will be added to an email list to keep you up to date on developments and changes in the Assurance Program.


text:
Die Pfarrkirche Mautern an der Donau ist die Pfarrkirche der römisch-katholischen Pfarre Mautern (an der Donau) im niederösterreichischen Bezirk Krems-Land. Sie ist dem heiligen Stephanus geweiht und gehört zum Dekanat Göttweig.

Geschichte
Durch das Wirken des spätantiken Missionars und Klostergründers hl. Severin von Noricum von 453 bis zu seinem Tod 482 in Mautern (Kastell Favianis) ist Mautern früh mit dem Christentum verbunden und entwickelte sich in der Endphase der Römerzeit zu einem geistig-religiösen Zentrum. Im Jahr 893 schenkte der König des Ostfrankenreiches Arnolf von Kärnten das Gebiet dem Stift Kremsmünster. Der erste Kirchenbau und die Pfarre entstanden zwischen 1045 und 1065. Im 11. Jahrhundert fand die Aufnahme der Pfarre in die Dotierung des Stiftes Göttweig statt, das Bischof Altmann im Jahr 1083 gründete. Im Jahr 1386 erfolgte die Inkorporation und um 1415 die Loslösung von der Stiftspfarre.

In der zweiten Hälfte des 14. Jahrhunderts erfolgte ein Neubau der Kirche, wobei die nördliche Chorseitenkapelle (Totenkapelle) älteren Bestandes ist (Ende 14. Jahrhundert). In den Jahren 1695/96 baute Carlo Antonio Carlone das Langhaus innen um und barockisierte es. Der mächtige, dreigeschossige Kirchturm im südlichen Chorwinkel wurde über mittelalterlichen Kern von 1774 bis 1777 von dem Baumeister Karl Ehmann errichtet.

Weblinks

 Pfarre Mautern

Einzelnachweise

Pfarrkirche in der Diözese St. Pölten
Kirchengebäude in Niederösterreich
Dekanat Göttweig
Pfarrkirche
Bauwerk im Mostviertel
Mautern an der Donau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
S.I. No. 451/2002 - Courts and Court Officers Act 2002 (Section 22) (Commencement) Order 2002
View SIAmharc ar an IR
AmendmentsLeasuithe
I, Michael McDowell, Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, in exercise of the powers conferred on me by section 1 (3) of the Courts and Court Officers Act 2002 (No. 15 of 2002), hereby order as follows:
1. This Order may be cited as the Courts and Court Officers Act 2002 (Section 22 (Commencement) Order 2002.
2. The 1st. day of October, 2002 is appointed as the day on which section 22 of the Courts and Court Officers Act 2002 comes into operation.
GIVEN under my Official Seal,
16 September 2002.
MICHAEL McDOWELL
MINISTER FOR JUSTICE, EQUALITY
AND LAW REFORM.
(This note is not part of the Instrument and does not purport to be a legal interpretation)
This Order provides that Section 22 of the Courts and Court Officers Act 2002 comes into force on 1 October 2002.
Section 22 of the Courts and Court Officers Act 2002 confers powers on County Registrars which extend and are in addition to those conferred on them by the Courts and Court Officers Act 1995 .