text:
Taxes: How fiscally prudent is 'lower the rate and broaden the base'?
Noticias auténticamente locales para el sur de Arizona
nationworld
Craig Gurian
Remapping Debate
The corporate tax reform mantra these days — at least on the Democratic side of the aisle — is "lower the rates and broaden the base." Supporters frequently say that the goal is a corporate tax system that makes the United States more competitive in relation to other industrialized democracies, reduces inequities and inefficiencies, and is ultimately "revenue neutral." But serious questions have been raised about the premises underlying the vision of lowering rates and closing unwarranted corporate tax loopholes concurrently, and about the fiscal prudence and ultimate revenue neutrality of proceeding in that manner.
An alternative way to proceed would be to close unwarranted loopholes first, allow the dust to settle, and then make an independent determination about what is the fiscally and economically prudent course on corporate tax rates. After all, in addition to reductions in statutory rate, both the effective corporate tax rate and corporate tax revenues as a percentage of GDP have trended downward over the decades (see bottom box).
For some, the step-by-step approach is a political non-starter: "That's not going to happen," said Dean Baker, co-director of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, a progressive think-tank in Washington. "I think it makes more sense to try and close some of the loopholes and lower the rates rather than doing nothing."
To Robert S. McIntyre, though, the idea of packaging loophole-closing and rate reduction together is a "terrible strategy for the Democrats." McIntyre is director of Citizens for Tax Justice, another progressive advocacy organization in Washington. First of all, he said, "Republicans will want to compromise off [a revenue neutral proposal], which means that it will lose money." Second, McIntyre adheres to the view that corporate tax reform is supposed to "raise some money" in the course of closing tax breaks, characterizing the abandonment of such a goal — the "revenue-positive" approach — as a "complete surrender" of the principle that is supposed to animate reform.
Rates and distributional fairness
Among the arguments often deployed in support of combining rate reduction with elimination of various corporate tax breaks is that it is important to create a more even playing field in terms of the taxes paid by corporations in different sectors. It is not disputed that, currently, a corporation's effective tax rate can vary wildly depending on whether the corporation is in a high-tax-break or lower-tax-break industry, and on the finesse with which a corporation's accountants and attorneys work the system.
But do concerns about enhancing inter-corporate equity and generating greater predictability on taxes mean that rates need to be reduced? Actually not, according to a range of tax policy analysts. Jim Kessler, for example, the senior policy vice president for policy and a co-founder of Third Way, a Washington advocacy organization that bills itself as centrist, agreed that his stated goals of simplification, equity, and predictability do not require a particular nominal tax rate — the goals could be achieved by reducing loopholes and treating corporations in different sectors alike regardless of rate. (A separate goal of Third Way — remedying what it sees as a rate that puts the U.S. at a competitive disadvantage when it comes to corporate decisions as to where to locate their operations, of course, would require rate reduction).
Eugene Steuerle, a tax policy expert who is now a fellow at the Urban Institute and who is described on the Institute's website as the "Economic Coordinator and original organizer of the 1984 Treasury study that led to the Tax Reform Act of 1986," concurs with Kessler, agreeing that a decision to reduce variation in effective rates could be done as easily at a nominal rate of 35 percent as it could be done at a nominal rate of 28 percent.
And Baker agrees that, "at least as a logical matter" there is "no reason you have to lower the rates to equalize" the system.
Race to the bottom
There are several tricky aspects to the argument that rates should be lowered to eliminate any competitive disadvantage the U.S. faces in relation to other advanced economies. For one, as a 2011 Citizens for Tax Justice report points out, "U.S. corporations pay a smaller percentage of their profits in taxes than do corporations based in other developed nations." For another, a second 2011 CTJ report noted, the U.S. in 2009 collected less in corporate taxes as a share of GDP "than all but one of the 26 OECD countries for which data are available."
It was the U.S. that led the path in the mid-1980s to lower statutory corporate tax rates; it was the other member nations of the OECD that followed.
More fundamentally, the U.S. does not operate in a static international environment; countries do respond to one another. In fact, as depicted in a table in a 2008 Tax Foundation report, it was the U.S. that led the path in the mid-1980s to lower statutory corporate tax rates; it was the other member nations of the OECD (including the subset of larger nations that make up the G-7) that followed.
Why then, might not European or other competitor nations respond to another U.S. rate reduction by lowering their own rates again, in the manner of states here in the U.S. that compete with one another to offer corporations the largest tax breaks and incentives?
This was among the questions I put to a Treasury Department spokesperson who, nominally, was prepared to speak on background. But, even on background, the spokesperson refused to be responsive, declining to speak to potential future developments.
I also sought to get Senator Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) to answer the question of whether the "lower the rate" element might set off a rate-lowering arms race. Wyden has sponsored a broad tax reform bill that, on the corporate side, would lower the statutory rate from 35 percent to 24 percent and broaden the base by eliminating many loopholes and what Wyden describes as "corporate welfare." Wyden's office did not respond.
Kessler of Third Way, who supports the rate-lowering, base-broadening approach, agreed that the question of race to the bottom raises a "very legitimate" issue, and said, "I can't guarantee you that that won't happen." McIntyre went much further. "If we cut our corporate rate," he said, the other countries will reluctantly — but they'll feel pressure to do it — lower theirs as well. That's what happened after [the 1986 Tax Reform Act]."
Some of those I spoke with cited factors that might militate against reactive rate cuts by others. Kessler said that European countries would be hard-pressed to lower rates when they so desperately needed revenue, and Baker pointed out that a reform that was revenue-neutral (that is, one that did not reduce the effective rate) would be understood as one that retained in many ways the relative positions between and among countries, and thus was not a change that would logically cause other nations to respond.
Baker did say that, as a political or rhetorical matter, businesses in those countries would be likely to try to use a U.S. rate cut to argue for rate reductions that they would like to see in any event. And he cautioned against over-reliance on the idea that business location decisions are motivated solely or principally by tax rate: rate is "far from the only factor and can easily be outweighed by [other factors like] the quality of the work force, the quality of the infrastructure, and being close to other businesses." he said.
The idea that tax rate is determinative in causing companies not to locate or expand in the U.S. is a myth, Baker added. That debunking, he asserted, is readily available from "business people who are being honest."
Multiple questions as to 'neutrality'
One question about the combined approach is whether it would, in fact, be enacted as revenue-neutral. Eugene Steuerle of the Urban Institute observed that "a deficit-neutral reform of the corporate code is very difficult, because — if it's really deficit-neutral — you're going to create a lot of losers out there, and they're going to scream bloody murder, which is why that debate hasn't even proceeded very far."
But another issue is what happens down the road.
Things could work out as proponents hope, but what if they did not? "It wouldn't be the first time that the Congress passes changes to the tax code that [turned out] not beneficial to the U.S. economy," Kessler acknowledged. "I would say that the Bush tax cuts were a horrible mistake for the economy. It didn't get the revenue that the supporters said it was going to get and arguably it helped create a bubble."
I presented two scenarios in my questioning. In the first, there is loophole closing prior to any rate reduction. In the second, rate reduction occurs simultaneously with loophole closing. I suggested that Congress would be much more readily amenable to remedying any ill effects of "too much" loophole closing (responding, for example, if a business sector were able to produce evidence that it was being unfairly hurt by the absence of a credit or preference) than it would be if a problem arose because rate reduction turned out to be a mistake (for example, if the revenue lost came to be missed, if the lower rates did initiate a renewed race to the bottom with other countries, or otherwise).
Kessler agreed that, from a political point of view, the lowered rate is locked in more securely than are the elimination of tax breaks, although he argued that the need, in general, to get 60 votes in the Senate would operate to make restoration of tax breaks more difficult. (Getting to 60 may not always be as difficult as it may seem. Sometimes a tax break, even if it is one that a particular Senator does not affirmatively support and isn't afraid to oppose, comes packaged in a bill for which the Senator believes he must vote.)
McIntyre said that it would be distinctly more difficult to remedy an ill-conceived rate reduction given the level of corporate influence: "It's very hard to raise their rate. Absent a World War, I don't know how we could do it."
So why go ahead?
Kessler said he thought "it's worth rolling the dice." The level of risk in doing so is, in his view, low: he did not believe that any error in estimating the scope of the fiscal impact of rate reduction would be significant. In contrast, he thought the potential benefit of making change would be significant, saying that he believed the current tax system is "not anywhere near the optimal place where it should be on the corporate side." Kessler also said it was essential to adapt the system to a world that is significantly more globalized than it was at the time of the last major overhaul 25 years ago.
Baker's rationales for proceeding with "lower the rate and broaden the base" was that simultaneity was the only politically feasible way to achieve two desirable results: greater distributional equity, and a reduction in the "total waste" of a big industry devoted to wangling tax breaks. "If we could instead of having General Electric pay however much they're paying their accountants…to the government, that's a big gain. And if that means some other companies are instead paying less in tax, that's to my mind still positive."
Alice Rivlin, the first director of the Congressional Budget Office and a member of 2010's Bowles-Simpson panel, also thought rate reduction should proceed simultaneously with loophole elimination. Wouldn't waiting to make a separate decision on rates be more fiscally prudent? Rivlin said "no." Her reasoning, ironically, is derived from the fact that corporate tax receipts have "shrunk as a source of revenue over many years" (she characterized corporate tax revenues as "tiny"). As such, even a rate reduction that turned out to be unwise, she argued, would not have significant fiscal consequences. Thus, she concluded, on the corporate taxation side "you can't make the argument that we should wait and see if we really need [more lowering of rates]."
And the Treasury? Again, even on background and in the face of multiple inquiries, Treasury wouldn't speak to the issue of the fiscal prudence of proceeding with rate cuts at the same time as loophole closing. The spokesperson with whom I was in contact likewise would not address the asymmetry between: (1) the difficulty, if a course correction came to be needed. in restoring rates that had been cut; and (2) the ease with which, subsequent to loophole closing, an independent decision to lower rates could always be made, if warranted. (These were among the questions to which Sen. Wyden's office did not respond.)
Or perhaps not?
CTJ's McIntyre is still sounding the call for revenue-positive corporate tax reform because "the alternatives are not very pretty." If the Congress "does not get some money out of the corporations and the wealthy people, then they have to get it somewhere else to deal with the deficit," and that, McIntyre said, means entitlement programs, infrastructure, and education funding — are things that he characterized as "much more important to most Americans and, in my view, all a lot more important to a successful business economy as well."
Craig Gurian is the editor of Remapping Debate.
Plenty of candidates for stand-alone loophole closing
Robert S. McIntyre of Citizens for Tax Justice has a long list of what he considers unwarranted corporate tax breaks, but he identified as a giant one the current rule that allows U.S. companies to "defer" U.S. taxes on their offshore profits until those profits are brought back to the U.S., a process that may take years if it happens at all. The cost to taxpayers, according to a CTJ report: at least $50 billion per year.
McIntyre derides the argument in favor of maintaining or expanding the tax break as coming down to, "The other countries aren't good at policing offshore abuses either, so we can't be the ones who do," or "We won't be able to compete in China against a French company that wants to build a factory there and won't have to worry about any French taxes."
Jim Kessler of Third Way also has candidates for loopholes that deserve to be closed independent of whether anything is done regarding corporate tax rates. Among these are the provision that allows oil and gas producers to take an immediate expense deduction for intangible drilling costs. In a submission to last year's "Super Committee" that was charged with identifying the means by which to reduce the deficit by $1.2 trillion over 10 years, Third Way said that the provision "inappropriately insulated investors from the risks" of their projects, and estimated the 10-year cost of the tax break at $12.5 billion. Another tax break for that industry — a depletion allowance that allows independent oil and gas producers to shelter about 15 percent of their income — was described as "an unnecessary industry-specific subsidy" that costs taxpayers $11.2 billion over 10 years.
And Eugene Steuerle of the Urban Institute nominated for close scrutiny the current system of "tax arbitrage" by which a company can, for example, create highly negative tax rates by "borrowing and buying equipment for which you now get 100 percent expensing on a temporary basis." The "classic game" being played by international companies "has been to put their interest deductions in the high-rate country — that's the U.S." at the same time that they disproportionately book income in a foreign country.
A Treasury Department spokesperson, speaking on background, confirmed that President Obama continues to believe that there are corporate tax loopholes that should be eliminated even in the absence of rate reduction, but would only specify the President's call to end oil and gas subsidies.
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Zodiac Watch can be configured to draw two different types of chart graphics. Besides the standard wheel chart there is a bar chart, similar to the chart shown in figure 6. (If you are confused by that chart, refer to the element section.) In a bar chart all signs are positioned top, "Ram" on the left to "Fishes" on the right. Thus the area covered by a sign is a column (instead of a disc segment). Planets and houses are drawn below the signs they are in. If they leave the chart on the right or left hand side, they will come in on the other side again.
House system boundaries have to be reduced as well. The standard house system of twelve houses is reduced to quarters: The first, second and third house come to the first quarter, the fourth, fifth and sixth house come to the second quarter, and so on. So the element chart shows just the "Ascendant" (AC), the forth house (IC), the "Descendant" (DC) and the "Midheaven" (MC). All planet- and house-details as well as planet-position-statistics are adjusted to the reduced number of signs and houses.


Street map of Brooklyn published for Advertising Bureau, Brooklyn City Rail Road Company. Overprinted in brown to show "Twelve Routes, 42 miles of Streets and Avenues Traversed by Cars, all Starting from Fulton Ferry." Contains a list of routes in lower left of map.
J.B. Beers & Co, and Brooklyn City Railroad. Brooklyn . New York, 1874. Map. https://www.loc.gov/item/98688603/.
J.B. Beers & Co & Brooklyn City Railroad. (1874) Brooklyn . New York. [Map] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/98688603/.
J.B. Beers & Co, and Brooklyn City Railroad. Brooklyn . New York, 1874. Map. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/98688603/>.
Contributor: J. Beers & Co.
[The Brighton Beach Hotel, Brooklyn, N.Y., being moved away from beach front] 1 photographic print : albumen ; 6 x 35.5 in. | Hotel moved using flatcars on 20 railroad tracks, pulled by locomotives.
The public and its school; a statement of the means of finding what the intelligent public ... Also available in digital form.
Is Brooklyn being counted? : problems with the 2010 census : hearing before the Committee on ... Distributed to some depository libraries on microfiche. Shipping list no.: 2011-0252-P. Also available online via FDsys. Address: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg63037/pdf/CHRG-111hhrg63037.pdf. "Serial no. 111-101."
Rules and regulations of the Green-wood cemetery; Also available in digital form.


text:
Q: How to run C code from terminal? I am working on an assignment for class, and we are to work off of a class server where the code files are held.
I have copied the files to my home directory, and have been editing with vim (since my instructor for some reason prefers it to emacs).
But how do I actually test my code? the make file is provided, and when I type make test.c, I get back make: Nothing to be done for test.c. I don't understand why this is happening, because I have a print statement as the first line in main. Shouldn't that at least run? Also, how do I pass arguments to the main function test.c while using make??
As a side question, this server doesn't have gdb either, for some reason. I'm sure there is an alternative installed, I just don't know what it would be called to try and see if it's here.

A: The argument to make is usually the thing you want it to create. Since test.c already exists, make test.c doesn't do anything. make test should compile test.c to create test. make with no arguments uses a default target specified in the Makefile; in your case it's probably the same as make test.
The make command doesn't run your program; it creates an executable that you can then run.
Once you've typed make or make test, you should be able to execute your program by typing
./test

The ./ is important; without it, you'll probably invoke the shell's built-in test command, which is not what you want.

A: Maybe what u need is only this build command:
gcc test.c -o test

Then:
./test

Have a try. ^_^

A: I think you need some basic knowledge in make. You should read some basic books on makefile and actually try it out. If you just try to stick concepts to your mind, but never actually try it out, you will never get it.
Check out this question. It asks for good tutorials on GNU Make. Also, so that you can go directly to the links, this and this are links mentioned in the main answers.

A: Simply save your code and then open the command prompt and write these command

*

*gcc .\fileName.c and press Enter

*Simply press a + tab and then print Enter and there you go.

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text:
Medical News Today: Lose 5 times more weight by training your mind
Losing weight requires making diet and lifestyle adjustments, but once we've done that, can we do anything to maximize the good results? A new study shows that applying a simple mind imagery technique could boost weight loss significantly.
A mental imagery technique is very useful in helping people lose weight.
Recently, Dr. Linda Solbrig and colleagues, from the University of Plymouth in the United Kingdom, conducted a study.
Its main objective was to find out which types of motivational intervention would be the most effective in aiding weight loss efforts.
The scientists compared a fairly common talking therapy known as Motivational Interviewing (MI) with a novel type of motivational intervention called Functional Imagery Training (FIT).
In MI, the person embarking on a weight loss program receives counseling that allows them to find and voice what motivates them to change (in this case, shedding excess weight).
With FIT, however, the person who wishes to lose wight is taught to fully visualize, in as realistic a way as possible, achieving their goal of weight loss, and what that would allow them to do or experience that they are unable to do or experience at present.
"Most people agree that in order to lose weight, you need to eat less and exercise more, but in many cases, people simply aren't motivated enough to heed this advice — however much they might agree with it," explains Dr. Solbrig.
"So FIT comes in with the key aim of encouraging someone to come up with their own imagery of what change might look and feel like to them, how it might be achieved and kept up, even when challenges arise," she adds.
The researchers wanted to see which approach — MI or FIT — would bring about the best results for the participants. The study's findings appear in the International Journal of Obesity.
Talking therapy vs. functional imagery
Dr. Solbrig and team recruited 141 participants with body mass indexes (BMIs) of at least 25. Current guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) say that a person with a BMI of 25 is deemed overweight, and a person with a BMI of 30 or over could be diagnosed with obesity.
Of the total number of participants, 55 underwent MI and 59 underwent FIT. They all participated in two sessions of the intervention that had been allocated to them: one face-to-face, and one by phone.
The participants also received follow-up calls every couple of weeks for a period of 3 months, and then once per month for another 3 months. The maximum contact time for each person was 4 hours over the entire study period.
Assessments took place at baseline, after 6 months (at the end of the intervention), and then again after 12 months from baseline.
The researchers found that the participants who underwent FIT had lost five times more weight, on average, compared with those who underwent MI. Specifically, participants in the FIT group lost 4.3 centimeters more around their waists over 6 months than those in the MI group.
This amounts to an average of 4.11 kilograms lost by individuals in the FIT group, compared with an average of 0.74 kilograms lost by those in the MI group.
Moreover, those who underwent the FIT intervention reported still losing excess weight even after the 6-month intervention period. At the 12-month mark, participants in the FIT group had lost 6.44 kilograms, on average, and those in the MI group had lost only 0.67 kilograms, on average.
"It's fantastic that people lost significantly more weight on this intervention, as, unlike most studies, it provided no diet/physical activity advice or education," as Dr. Solbrig points out. "People were completely free in their choices and supported in what they wanted to do, not what a regimen prescribed."
A potent multisensory technique
What makes FIT so much more effective than MI, the specialists believe, is that it uses multisensory imagery, asking people to imagine everything about their enhanced experiences following weight loss — from how these might look and feel to how they might taste and smell.
An optional app to support the participants in picturing these scenarios was also made available to them.
"We started with taking people through an exercise about a lemon [regarding the FIT technique]," says Dr. Solbrig, adding, "We asked them to imagine seeing it, touching it, juicing it, drinking the juice, and juice accidently squirting in their eye, to emphasize how emotional and tight to our physical sensations imagery is."
"From there we are able to encourage them to fully imagine and embrace their own goals. Not just 'imagine how good it would be to lose weight' but, for example, 'What would losing weight enable you to do that you can't do now? What would that [look, sound, and smell] like?' and encourage them to use all of their senses."
Dr. Linda Solbrig
This technique might be particularly effective in the case of people who may find it truly difficult to keep up their motivation for losing weight.
For example, one study participant who was allocated to the FIT group notes that it allowed her to really stay focused on her reasons for embarking upon her weight loss journey.
"I lost my mum at 60, and being 59 myself with a variety of health problems, my motivation was to be there for my daughter. I kept thinking about wearing the dress I'd bought for my daughter's graduation, and on days I really didn't feel like exercising, kept picturing how I'd feel," the participant explains.
"I've gone from 14 stone to 12 stone 2," she adds, "and have managed to lower the dosage I need for my blood pressure tablets. I'd still like to lose a touch more, but I'm so delighted with the mindset shift."
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text:
The 2022 Texas lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect the lieutenant governor of the state of Texas. The election coincided with various other federal and state elections, including for governor of Texas. Primary elections were held on March 1, with runoffs being held on May 24 for instances in which no candidate received a majority of the initial vote. Texas is one of 21 states that elects its lieutenant governor separately from its governor.

Incumbent Republican lieutenant governor Dan Patrick won re-election to a third term, defeating Democratic nominee Mike Collier in a rematch of the 2018 election.

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

Dan Patrick, incumbent lieutenant governor

Eliminated in primary
Trayce Bradford, activist
Todd Bullis, businessman and anti-abortion activist
Daniel Miller, president of the Texas Nationalist Movement
Aaron Sorrells, businessman
Zach Vance, retired military

Endorsements

Polling

Results

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Mike Collier, finance chair of the Texas Democratic Party and nominee for comptroller in 2014 and lieutenant governor in 2018

Eliminated in runoff
Michelle Beckley, state representative from the 65th district

Eliminated in primary
Carla Brailey, vice chair of the Texas Democratic Party

Withdrawn
Matthew Dowd, political consultant, ABC News contributor, and former staffer to U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen

Endorsements

First round

Polling
Graphical summary

Results

Runoff

Polling

Results

Libertarian convention

Nominee
Shanna Steele, college student and former federal employee

General election

Endorsements

Polling
Graphical summary

Dan Patrick vs. Michelle Beckley

Results

See also
2022 Texas elections

Notes

Partisan clients

References

External links
Official campaign websites
 Mike Collier (D) for Lieutenant Governor
 Dan Patrick (R) for Lieutenant Governor

Lieutenant Gubernatorial
Texas

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text:
/*
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */
/*
 * This code was generated by https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-java-client-services/
 * Modify at your own risk.
 */

package com.google.api.services.domains.v1beta1.model;

/**
 * A domain that the calling user manages in Google Domains.
 *
 *
 This is the Java data model class that specifies how to parse/serialize into the JSON that is
 * transmitted over HTTP when working with the Cloud Domains API. For a detailed explanation see:
 * https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/java/google-http-java-client/json
 *

 *
 * @author Google, Inc.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("javadoc")
public final class Domain extends com.google.api.client.json.GenericJson {

  /**
   * The domain name. Unicode domain names are expressed in Punycode format.
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String domainName;

  /**
   * The state of this domain as a `Registration` resource.
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String resourceState;

  /**
   * Price to renew the domain for one year. Only set when `resource_state` is `IMPORTABLE`.
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private Money yearlyPrice;

  /**
   * The domain name. Unicode domain names are expressed in Punycode format.
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getDomainName() {
    return domainName;
  }

  /**
   * The domain name. Unicode domain names are expressed in Punycode format.
   * @param domainName domainName or {@code null} for none
   */
  public Domain setDomainName(java.lang.String domainName) {
    this.domainName = domainName;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * The state of this domain as a `Registration` resource.
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Das OWRK-Verfahren, benannt nach Owens, Wendt, Rabel und Kaelble, ist ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der polaren und dispersen Anteile der Oberflächenenergie von Festkörpern. Um das Verfahren anwenden zu können, ist es nötig, den Kontaktwinkel von mindestens zwei Prüfflüssigkeiten auf der zu messenden Probe zu bestimmen.

Notwendige Daten
Für die Berechnung ist die Kenntnis über die polaren und dispersen Anteile der Oberflächenspannung der Prüfflüssigkeit vorausgesetzt. Des Weiteren muss der statische Kontaktwinkel  zwischen zwei Prüfflüssigkeiten und der zu vermessenden Oberfläche bestimmt werden.

Vorgehen
Zunächst muss die von Owens und Wendt ermittelte Gleichung linearisiert werden, wodurch sich die folgende Form ergibt:

Nun wird auf die Y-Achse eines Koordinatensystems aufgetragen. Demgegenüber wird auf die X-Achse aufgetragen. Setzt man nun die entsprechenden Werte ein und führt eine lineare Regression durch, so können die polaren und dispersen Anteile der Oberflächenenergie aus Y-Achsenabschnitt und Steigung berechnet werden. Der Y-Achsenabschnitt  entspricht der Wurzel der dispersen Anteile der Oberflächenenergie. Die Steigung entspricht der Wurzel der polaren Anteile der Oberflächenenergie. Die gesamte Oberflächenenergie des Festkörpers berechnet sich als Summe von polaren und dispersen Anteilen.

Einzelnachweise

Prüfverfahren
Oberflächenphysik


text:
Bill seeks extended safety netting at all Ohio pro ballparks
Updated: 1:52 PM EST Jan 27, 2020
wlwt
SOURCE: wlwt
An Ohio state lawmaker introduced legislation Thursday requiring all major and minor league baseball teams in the state to install protective netting from foul pole to foul pole.State Rep. John Patterson introduced his bill in response to concern from a constituent blinded in one eye by a hard-hit foul ball, The Columbus Dispatch reported.Dina Simpson, 46, has been pushing for the change since her injury in 2017.She was sitting along the third-base line with her family at a Lake County Captains game outside Cleveland when she was struck in the eye by a line drive. She suffered a concussion, a broken nose and a broken orbital bone. She has been told by doctors that her right eye is permanently blinded."I'm thankful I took the hit and not my son," said Simpson, who was sitting with her 4-year-old when she was struck.The Captains, a Single A farm club for the Cleveland Indians, extended netting to the end of the dugouts before the 2018 season.The legislation from Patterson, a Geauga County Democrat, would require pole-to-pole netting be installed by the 2021 season. No additional protection would be required in front of the outfield bleachers.Similar safety concerns have arisen elsewhere in the country. A 2-year-old girl sitting on her grandfather's lap at a Houston Astros game last season was struck by a foul ball, causing a fractured skull and permanent brain damage, an attorney for the girl's family said.Major League Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred announced in December that protective netting at every park must extend "substantially beyond the end of the dugout." He said seven teams will have netting from foul pole to foul pole. The Cincinnati Reds have cited structural issues for not expanding netting the foul poles at Great American Ball Park. A team spokesman said netting will stretch significantly past each dugout.The Cleveland Indians will be extending netting at Progressive Field this season but have not said how far. An announcement is expected by the end of the month.The Columbus Clippers, the Indians' AAA affiliate, have pledged to extend netting to the foul poles for the upcoming season at Huntington Park.No additional protection would be required in front of outfield bleachers.
COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) —
An Ohio state lawmaker introduced legislation Thursday requiring all major and minor league baseball teams in the state to install protective netting from foul pole to foul pole.
State Rep. John Patterson introduced his bill in response to concern from a constituent blinded in one eye by a hard-hit foul ball, The Columbus Dispatch reported.
Dina Simpson, 46, has been pushing for the change since her injury in 2017.
She was sitting along the third-base line with her family at a Lake County Captains game outside Cleveland when she was struck in the eye by a line drive. She suffered a concussion, a broken nose and a broken orbital bone. She has been told by doctors that her right eye is permanently blinded.
"I'm thankful I took the hit and not my son," said Simpson, who was sitting with her 4-year-old when she was struck.
The Captains, a Single A farm club for the Cleveland Indians, extended netting to the end of the dugouts before the 2018 season.
The legislation from Patterson, a Geauga County Democrat, would require pole-to-pole netting be installed by the 2021 season. No additional protection would be required in front of the outfield bleachers.
Similar safety concerns have arisen elsewhere in the country. A 2-year-old girl sitting on her grandfather's lap at a Houston Astros game last season was struck by a foul ball, causing a fractured skull and permanent brain damage, an attorney for the girl's family said.
Major League Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred announced in December that protective netting at every park must extend "substantially beyond the end of the dugout." He said seven teams will have netting from foul pole to foul pole.
The Cincinnati Reds have cited structural issues for not expanding netting the foul poles at Great American Ball Park. A team spokesman said netting will stretch significantly past each dugout.
The Cleveland Indians will be extending netting at Progressive Field this season but have not said how far. An announcement is expected by the end of the month.
The Columbus Clippers, the Indians' AAA affiliate, have pledged to extend netting to the foul poles for the upcoming season at Huntington Park.
No additional protection would be required in front of outfield bleachers.


Recent visitors will notice that pretty much all the images from this blog have gone.
I've been less than impressed with Google's privacy/sharing settings of late so am changing the way I back-up, save and publish images. Blogger has been a great platform for me for many years, and it's a shame that what seems like clandestine back-end tinkering has lead to this. No doubt it's a symptom of our time, for, as they say, "If something's free it's you who is being sold".
More interesting posts to come soon.


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Another advantage of the Hit and Miss style is that the slatted panel design has an approx. 15% wind load reduction as the gaps between the pales allows air to pass through. Therefore in windy areas the hit-and-miss fence is an obvious choice.


BioCON uses a unique Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) technology to elevate the atmospheric concentration of CO2 in the experimental plots. Much research using elevated CO2 has been done in enclosed areas, such as growth chambers and greenhouses where it is relatively easy to control the levels of gasses. There are some limitations associated with these techniques, however. It is difficult to study plants under certain natural condidtions, such as temperature, pollination, wind, humidity, and sunlight, within these enclosures. Size of the plant growth and experimental area is also constrained when using these technologies. The FACE system used in the BioCON experiment was developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. It uses natural wind conditions to carry CO2 enriched air across the vegetation. Because the plants are outside in a more natural environment, the chamber effects normally created by enclosures such as greenhouses are reduced or eliminated.
The BioCON experiment is made up of six fumigation circles. Three of these circles are fumigated with CO2 enriched air. The FACE system is designed to maintain the level of CO2 above the experimental planting at 550 parts per million (ppm), using sensors set up in and near the circles and a central control computer. The remaining 3 circles are 'fumigated' with ambient air (~360 ppm CO2) with no experimental CO2 addition in order to protect against erroneous results caused by the experimental equipment. Sensors at each circle continuously transmit information about wind speed and direction, as well as CO2 concentrations above the plots via fiber optics to a control computer. The computer, located in a centralized control trailer, uses this information to calculate the amount of CO2 to release, and which side of the circle to release it on. This information is sent to fan houses located at each circle that contain instruments which adjust the CO2 fumigation equipment.
The amount of pure CO2 added is controlled by a valve inside the fan house. The CO2 then is mixed with ambient air and this mixture is blown by a large fan into an underground pipe, called a plenum, which runs around the plot circle in the shape of an octagon.
To conserve CO2, the enriched air is only emitted on the upwind side of the circles. Every 4 seconds, the control computer relays control instructions to the fan where a system of electronic components open and close large pneumatic valves on vertical emitter pipes installed around the plots (upwind pipes are opened, downwind pipes are closed). After passing through these valves, the CO2 enriched air travels up through the vertical pipes and isemitted through a series of small holes. Natural wind currents distribute the enriched air over and through the plots. When the wind speed is too low to carry the enriched air across the plots, alternating vertical pipes are opened so that small, shifting winds can still distribute the CO2 enriched air.
Because air flow is important to the distribution of the CO2, as much of the infrastructure at the site as possible is buried so as not to obstruct wind. This includes the plenums, CO2 piping, and utilities serving each circle. Any above-ground structure in the field is located at a distance great enough from any fumigation area to prevent disturbance of the air flow patterns.


towhoismorefamous.com. Ladies and Gentlemen, for those who believe, Elvis has never left the building.
A true fan and music writer Mandy Baggot has hosted my post today. The great man plays a big part in Shannon's Law. I can't give away too much of the story. He has to rely on others to provide physical manifestations of his presence. This does not mean that the King is not still here. Wherever there is a blue suede shoe there is a footprint. Wherever there is a heartbreak hotel there is a tear stained sheet bearing his scent. Wherever some helpless human can't help falling love there is a man in a white suit who understands. If you believe like me you should read my book and feel the presence of the great man.
While researching the book I splashed out on a new Elvis DVD to help me soak myself in the flavour. It is a show to commemorate the 25 years since his death. Footage of Elvis is mixed with his old backing musicians playing live. It's very skilfully done and you can catch it here.
Writing books allows me many forms of self indulgence. It was a joy to include Elvis. Somehow he arrived on Earth and brought his own era with him. He was a fabulous performer who brought a charisma and a belief that will never fade.
Emma Thinx: When you're OTT, you're feeling the real thing.


PERIOD OF RECORD.--January 2000 to current year.
GAGE.--Water-stage recorder and crest-stage gage. Datum of gage is 46.99 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
REMARKS.--U.S. Geological Survey satellite data-collection platform at station.
13.98 ft; Minimum discharge, 6.3 ft/s, Aug. 22-24, 2002.
and the U.S. Geological Survey.
This station managed by the MD-DE-DC Water Science Center Baltimore office.


text:
This shot of Nicky joining in as Pammy dances at the Cleo Club appears to me to have been taken within seconds of TS-104-17A/7 from the US Press Materials folder, and this color 8×10, the purpose of which I still don't know. (Its post is here.) Although the presence of Miguel Pinero and the various extras would seem to indicate all three were taken on the actual day of the shoot, they were shot either during a run-through or an unused take (or an unused portion of a used shot), as none of them match up to the action as shown in the film, even allowing for the different vantage points of the still and movie cameras.
Another shot of Pammy and Nicky performing, or having just finished performing, "Your Daughter Is One" in the WJAD studio. It's a shot we haven't seen so far. The word "Rickenbacker" is clearly visible on the guitar's headstock, so this photo belongs to the series of photographs from before it was removed (as it appears in the film) (yes, that's from a different scene, but it's the same guitar).
Here Pammy and Nicky push their first television off a rooftop. A shot of them throwing their last one appeared in the songbook and inside the soundtrack album. In the film, Pammy doesn't hold the box flap back, and Nicky is barely visible behind the box until after the TV is gone. However, another shot that was obviously taken a split second after this one appeared way back as a tiny part of the collage that made up the double-sided promo poster. In that shot, the television is obviously on its way out of the box and down. Of course they didn't really let the TV's plummet to the street if it wasn't shown happening in that shot, but it never occurred to me before now that not only did they catch them, they had to catch them completely intact right after they left the shot so they could be thrown off again in retakes. Either that, or part of the budget went for multiple identical junk television sets.
[Robin Johnson and Trini Alvarado as Nicky and Pammy in the Cleo Club]
[Robin Johnson and Trini Alvarado as Nicky and Pammy in the WJAD studio]
[Robin Johnson and Trini Alvarado as Nicky and Pammy drop a television]
Lobby cards (AAT ID: 300208593)
8 in (H) x 10 in. (W)
1981, Great Britain (works);
Times_Square_UK_Lobby_Card-4_manual_crop_1080px.jpg
detail from [Double-sided promotional poster, outside] (image)
image 3 from 2-sided poster_800px.jpg
800 px (W) x 686 px (H), 96 dpi, 411 kb (image)
vlcsnap-2016-07-23-20h33m29s240.png
frame capture from Times Square (1980)
captured 2016-07-23
comments: 0 »	tags: 1981, Cleo Club, EMI, lobby cards, Miguel Pinero, Pammy, promotion, Rickenbacker, Trini Alvarado, UK
Posted on 23rd May 2015 in "Times Square"
TS-69-34A
TS-72-8A
Robin Johnson (right) is determined to become a rock music star, Trini Alvarado is her fellow teenage runaway and their wild, bizarre escapades in New York make them minor media celebrities when reported by an all-night radio disc jockey in "Times Square."
On the left is the same photo as this one, cropped differently and of course without the autograph.
On the right is the photo that may be the one used the most to promote the film. We'll have a better idea about that once I'm done with all this stuff. Until just now, I always thought it was a cropped version of this photo (that version of which I've only seen on the Web and believe to have been cut from a UK lobby card), but now I realize they were taken a second or two apart. Look at their arms.
TS-113-4A
Trini Alvarado is co-starred as the troubled teenage daughter of a New York politician whose lack of attention turns the girl into a teenage runaway and a try at becoming a dancing attraction in a sleazy nitery in "Times Square."
TS-78-2
Peter Coffield (left), ambitious New York politician and widower, confronts disc jockey Tim Curry when the all-night performer encourages Coffield's runaway daughter to continue her rebellion against authority in "Times Square."
As always, there is no shot in the film that matches up either of these two photos. Mr. Pearl does throw Johnny into the table as at left, but the shot cuts from a close-up of Pearl grabbing Johnny and pushing him to a close-up of Johnny landing; there is no shot of the two of them. Also, Johnny's hand never touches the mic stand as it does in the photograph. There is nothing even close enough to bother with a frame grab.
We see Pammy looking in the mirror fairly clearly in the film, but just like these photos, in the film we see it from her father's perspective, and she's not quite in the same pose as in the photo. Here's the closest frame from the film:
TS-69-34A/4
TS-72-8A/14
TS-78-2/16
TS-113-4A/6
black and white photographic prints, 8 in (H) x 10 in (W) (works);
inscriptions: [on photos] TS-69-34A/4; TS-72-8A/14; TS-78-2/16; TS-113-4A/6;
(on borders) TIMES SQUARE
©1980 Associated
comments: 0 »	tags: 1980, AFD, Cleo Club, Nicky Marotta, Pamela Pearl, Pammy, Peter Coffield, Press Kit, Rickenbacker, Tim Curry, Trini Alvarado, WJAD
Pammy's Dancing Career Cut Short
Despite recent appearances, this is a Robin Johnson site, not a Times Square site. But, for better or worse, there's far more Times Square material out there than for the rest of her career combined. Plus, the vast majority of her fans (though not all) found her through Times Square. So I'll be posting the occasional Times Square item that Robin isn't in. And today, I'm also breaking my general rule about one item at a time, because these two are so close together in the film.
The first is one of the 8″ x 10″ color prints on Kodak paper, and shows Pammy in the middle of demonstrating her new moves to another Cleo girl. The second is the second of the slides, and shows her reacting to seeing her father in the club. Again, they don't match up to the shots used in the film, mostly because the POV seems to be standing directly behind where the other dancer is sitting. The first shot might conceivably have been taken during the actual take, but Trini's hands and feet are in different positions in the second one than they appear in the film.
This scene is notable for containing one of the few appearances of the "Doomsday Book," the giant ledger Pammy bought to document her and Nicky's lives in a scene cut from the film, and which Nicky methodically burns page by page at the end. It's visible lying on the keyboard in the first picture. It's the one thing Pammy grabs as she runs out of the club.
That's all I have to say about that. I've been unsuccessful so far in figuring out the location of whatever bar served as the Cleopatra. If I ever do work it out, you'll be the first to know.
Here, for tradition's sake, are the closest frames from the film:
Times Square Color Production Still / "Walk on the Wild Side"
color photographic print, 8 in (H) x 10 in (W) (work);
866 px (W) x 1080 px (H), 96 dpi, 595 kb (image)
inscription: [on back:] [handwritten:] 60-6A
Times Square slide 63-25
35mm color slide, 2 in (H) x 2 in (W) (including mount) (work);
853 px (W) x 480 px (H), 72 dpi (images)
frame captures from Times Square (1980)
comments: 0 »	tags: 1979, Cleo Club, Doomsday Book, not topless, Pammy, Times Square, Trini Alvarado


text:
The Phoenix Mercury lost to the LA Sparks 78-68 Friday night at US Airways Center
By: Kayla Mortellaro
PHOENIX— A feeling unfamiliar to the Phoenix Mercury encompassed US Airways Center Friday night as the Los Angeles Sparks left the court winners, 78-68.
The Mercury are now on a three-game losing streak, and have dropped two-straight at home for the first time since July 10 and 14, 2013.
Right from the start of the game, the Mercury looked out of sync offensively as the Sparks hit their own offensive stride with All-Star Candance Parker back in the line-up.
"Teams are just outplaying us at the moment, we aren't executing the schemes as well as we want," head coach Sandy Brondello said after the game. "Once again we started off without the necessary energy to start a game and that is a concern for me."
At the halfway point, the Mercury was trailing by eight points, 38-30. Phoenix came out in the second-half with more energy to chip away at the Sparks lead. With 2:11 to play, the Mercury cut the lead to three points, but was unable to close the gap all the way.
"I think it starts with effort, just playing hard," Brondello said. "Obviously it is a long season, and we do rely on three players in particular. But everyone else, there is no excuse, just got to be the aggressor. We've had great chemistry, so I can't really blame it on that. Our schemes- we know our schemes. So, it's more about executing and mental focus going into the game."
The Sparks were able to dictate the pace of the game despite being without All-Star Nneka Ogwumike who did not travel with the team because of concussion-like symptoms. LA spaced the floor well and played effective team basketball. Parker had her sixth double-double in 10 games this year with 26 points and 10 rebounds on the night. Kristi Toliver added 17 points, and Jantel Lavender put up 15 points with 11 rebounds.
"Candance [Parker] really came to play tonight and produced some scoring tonight," Sparks head coach Brian Agler said. "I thought we played really good team basketball. I thought Kristi [Toliver] hit some really critical shots and free throws for us."
DeWanna Bonner had the tough task of guarding Parker all-night. Bonner admitted Parker is a tough player to guard, but that she could have done more.
"I think she was posting a lot," Bonner said. "I probably wasn't as physical as I should have been. She hit a couple of tough shots on the outside- we kind of gave her both [shots], which we can't do."
The Mercury were led by Brittney Griner's 20 points and six rebounds. Candice Dupree added 15 points and six rebounds, and Bonner added 13 points. For much of the game, the Mercury were shooting below 40 percent from the floor. They ultimately finished the night at 43.9 percent compared to the Sparks' 49.2 percent.
"We are beating ourselves," Griner said. "Not to take away nothing from the other teams, but we are beating ourselves right now."
The Mercury have lost their last three games by a combined 37 points (12-15-10), and it is their first three-game losing streak in their last 74 games.
In order to combat the lack-luster energy and offensive struggles, coach Brondello thinks her squad "needs to get a little angry."
For Griner, she knows her team is talented, it just boils down to executing.
"Everybody on the team can score, we just got to do it, we got to hit open shots," Griner said. "We can't go into the next game thinking about our losses, we just have to go into it with confidence."
The Mercury have a quick turnaround as they play host to their third Western Conference opponent in a row, the Minnesota Lynx on Sunday. So far this season, Phoenix is 2-1 against Minnesota, and 12-5 against Western Conference opponents.
"Look, I think it's resting more than anything, you know, just getting on the scout, moving our legs a little bit," Brondello said about the plan for the quick turnaround. "We know what we need to do. We have played well against Minnesota. But now it's just getting ready, getting our mind ready, getting our body ready."
Tip-off is Sunday at 3 p.m. at US Airways Center.
And despite the recent skid, the Mercury secured a playoff berth with a San Antonio Stars loss earlier in the night. The Mercury have now made it to the postseason 10 out of 19 seasons, and for the sixth time in the last seven years.
Brittney Griner Candace Parker Candice Dupree DeWanna Bonner Kristi Toliver LA Sparks Mercury Minnesota Lynx Phoenix Mercury Sandy Brondello Sparks Western Confernce	2015-08-21
Kayla Mortellaro


I have been happily married for 30 years and have 8 beautiful children. I hold a bachelor of arts in social science and a certificate of education in k-8th grade. I have been working in the education profession for 18 years and enjoy seeing each child reach their individual potential. I am also a drama director of seven years both here at St. John's and Mid Coast Youth Theater. My hobbies are running, cooking, singing, and acting.


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text:
sehepunkte 9 (2009), Nr. 10
Jürgen Dummer / Meinolf Vielberg (Hgg.): Leitbilder im Spannungsfeld von Orthodoxie und Heterodoxie
This is a collection of six essays, each investigating the exemplary role of a figure who represents one side of a controversy within the church or between the church and the ambient society. Hans Christof Brennecke's article on Marcion is subtitled "das philosophische Gottesbild in der Spannung zwischen Orthodxie und Heterodoxie". He begins by pointing out that the Greeks who populated the churches outside Palestine could not be expected to cherish the cultic practices of Israel or accept as Father a God whose attributes contradicted the postulates of philosophy. We may demur to this, since it assumes that the majority of converts took their notions of the divine from the philosophers; Brennecke is certainly right, however, when he argues that the rejection of the Old Testament in the early church was prompted not by any particular animus against Jews but by a sense of its obsolescence. Marcion was not prepared to join catholics in applying the balm of allegory; on the other hand, his own thought may have suffered from pedantry in interpretation, since, as Brennecke deftly observes, we cannot be certain whether he meant to divide the world between two gods or to personify different attributes of the same deity (23). Not so shrewd is his credulous attempt to tease social history from ancient reports of Marcion's attempts to bribe the church.
Ernst Dassmann's study, "Ambrosius von Mailand", can be summarised in his own epigram that the bishop extended his tolerance to the erring but denied it to the error (45). As a protagonist of the one faith in a realm of mixed religions, he was forced to accept diversity of practice, though his occupation of a contested church in defiance of the imperial soldiery lends itself to a brisk and arresting narrative. The harshness of his policy towards the Jews and their royal protector cannot be denied, though it is tempered, in Dassmann's view, by a charitable eschatology. For all the ingenuity of his machinations, Ambrose is characterized at last as one who promoted a search for answers that he did not possess (46). It might be wished that Dassmann himself had investigated the theological questions of the day, and the manoeuvres that Ambrose adopted in response to them with the rigour and subtlety of Neil McLynn's recent Ambrose of Milan, which does not figure in the bibliography to this article.
Michael Durst's "Hilarius von Poitiers" considers its subject, not as a theologian, but as an "'orthodoxes Leitbild' der Spätantike". A saint in the eyes of all subsequent ages, Hilary is, by his own profession, a bishop of the catholic faith, a soldier of truth and a prisoner of conscience; not content to praise him, with Rufinus, as a protagonist of orthodoxy, Jerome commends his eloquence, and Paulinus of Périgueux styles him the champion and soul of faith. Cassiodorus (amanuensis to an Arian monarch) prefers to dwell on his sagacity as an exegete, but in other circles he is one of the most authoritative doctors of the Church, receiving from Victor of Lérins the technical appellation magister probabilis. This itinerary of fame reminds us that it is not his own pen that makes a man a Father of the Church; it does nothing to bring out any peculiarity in the career or reputation of Hilary, for nothing is said of him. Neither by himself or by his admirers, which was not said of Augustine, Athanansius and even Origen.
Günther Christian Hansen's essay, "Herakles am Scheideweg: Der Kyniker als Leitbild in der Spätantike" does not in fact confine its reconnaissance to late antiquity. After a brief synopsis of the parable, ascribed by Xenophon to the sophist Prodicus, in which Heracles makes a choice between the blandishments of vice and the solemn overtures of virtue, he traces the metamorphoses of the conceit in German culture. Returning to the fable, he notes that Philo of Alexandria substitutes pleasure for vice in a variant that he seems inclined to derive from a common source in Antisthenes rather than from Xenophon. He alludes briefly to another version in Themistius and to the "monstrous" elaboration of the theme in the Tablet of Cebes (114), which, as he remarks, has blended the choice of Heracles with the image of the two paths, widely attested in antiquity and familiar to every reader of the Gospels. Robert Aldridge's "Peter and the Two Ways" (Vigiliae Christianae 1997) would have been a useful addition to the footnotes, but it is difficult to see how even an amplified version of this learned piece could be reconciled with the title of the volume.
In "Ephräm versus Bardaisan", Thomas Kremer differs from Hans Drijvers, who maintained that the dualistic theology of this Syrian polymath was derived primarily from Greek antecedents. To Kremer, the depiction of God as light, the reification of darkness in the primordial abyss and the delegation of divine providence to celestial luminaries all bespeak an acquaintance with the renascent Zoroastrianism of this epoch. At the same time, he observes that Ephraem Syrus, in his satires on Bardaisan, exaggerates those features of his thought which are least compatible with orthodox Christianity. The question is an intricate one, since Mani's system is also traced to Persian sources in Christian polemic, though it now appears that he took his first lessons in dualism from the Elchasaites. Studies of Mithraism have concluded that the cult would not have spread to the west had it not been fashioned anew by a chain of intermediaries, and we cannot tell what turbid and devious channels might have carried Persian lore to Edessa in the closing years of the second century.
The difficulty if ascertaining what is primitive in any creed is illustrated in the concluding article by Judith Lieu, "Gedächtnis and Identität: die frühchristliche Entdeckung einer Vergangenheit". Noting that the construction of the past in late antiquity has become a fashionable pursuit of scholarship at a time when many nations are writing pedigrees for themselves, she shows that ancient texts on the provenance of Christianity are informed by the same desire for legitimation. Melito undertakes to prove that good emperors have never been persecutors, and that Christ was born at a time uniquely propitious to the diffusion of his Gospel. Against the Jews, who were busy with the refashioning of their own history, Justin Martyr urges that the Christian brotherhood, and not the biological line of Israel is the true brotherhood. Competition for primacy within the church engendered works like the Clementine Recognitions, which traces its curious teachings to an age before Paul disturbed the unanimity of the Church. Not in themselves original, these observations are newly combined to form a compact and learned survey.
This is a collection of erudite pieces, some of which amass information not easily found elsewhere within the covers of one book, let alone within the dimensions of a single article. There appears to be no common programme, no concerted investigation of the "limits of biography" or the methods and purposes of heresiology, no attempt to produce a seamless examination of a particular tendency or epoch, such as might now be demanded from a symposium in the English-speaking world. Perhaps this is not to be regretted: if one employs six hands to make a volume, there is something to be said for allowing each to freely what it does best, without editorial goading or restraint.
Jürgen Dummer / Meinolf Vielberg (Hgg.): Leitbilder im Spannungsfeld von Orthodoxie und Heterodoxie (= Altertumswissenschaftliches Kolloquium; Bd. 19), Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2008, 178 S., ISBN 978-3-515-09241-8, EUR 35,00
Mark J. Edwards
Christ Church, University of Oxford
Mark J. Edwards: Rezension von: Jürgen Dummer / Meinolf Vielberg (Hgg.): Leitbilder im Spannungsfeld von Orthodoxie und Heterodoxie, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2008, in: sehepunkte 9 (2009), Nr. 10 [15.10.2009], URL: http://www.sehepunkte.de/2009/10/15039.html


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Regulatory and Standards
iHeart to Pay $1 Million to Resolve EAS Case
By Leslie Stimson of Radio World published 19 May 15
WASHINGTON—Radio broadcaster iHeartCommunications will pay a $1 million civil penalty to resolve an FCC investigation into misuse of EAS tones.
iHeart's WSIX-FM in Nashville aired a false emergency alert during the broadcast of the nationally syndicated program, "The Bobby Bones Show," back in October 2014. Airing real EAS tones for anything other than an emergency is prohibited because the commission doesn't want the public to hear the tones so often they ignore them.
"The public counts on EAS tones to alert them to real emergencies," stated Enforcement Bureau Chief Travis LeBlanc. "Misuse of the emergency alert system jeopardizes the nation's public safety, falsely alarms the public, and undermines confidence in the emergency alert system."
When discussing an EAS test that aired during the 2014 World Series, show host Bobby Bones aired real EAS tones from a recording of the 2011 national EAS test. The tones were transmitted to more than 70 affiliates; some of the stations re-transmitted the tones, setting off a multi-state cascade of false EAS alerts on radios and televisions in multiple states, according to the commission.
As part of its settlement with the agency, iHeart admitted wrongdoing. In addition to the fine, the broadcaster also agreed to implement a three-year compliance and reporting plan.
iHeart must also remove or delete all simulated or actual EAS tones from the company's audio production libraries.
This case makes five total actions the Enforcement Bureau has taken since December 2014 for misuse of EAS tones, totaling nearly $2.5 million. All involved broadcasters or cable operators. Iheart joins Viacom/ESPN, Univision, Pathfinder and SM Radio on that list.


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You Can't Handle the Truth, in More Ways Than One
By Michelle Dean
Perhaps you listened to the recent "This American Life" episode about conditions in the Apple-contractor Foxconn's factories in Shenzhen. It was voiced by a man named Mike Daisey, who had written a theatre piece called The Agony and the Ecstasy of Steve Jobs, from which the TAL episode was excerpted.
It turns out that most of what Daisey "reported" from China in his piece was at best embellishment and at most fabrication. He misrepresented how many factories he went to. He tells of meeting people poisoned by a solvent that cleans iPads; he didn't. He says he saw guns at the gates to the factories when there weren't any.
When Ira Glass and the TAL crew confronted him about this, Daisey gave what is now the rote dodge in these types of situations: "[I]t's not journalism. It's theater."
No one's spilling many pixels on defending Daisey, and he's not particularly good at defending himself, so I don't want to pick on this incident overmuch. But his argument is both familiar and worrisome, and worth discussing. There's this habit of dividing the world into writers who care about the Truth and those that don't. I don't think it's that simple.
Daisey's translator tells an interviewer that she knows, of course, that Daisey is a writer, and not a journalist. But, she says, "As a Chinese, I think it's better if he can tell the American people the truth. I hope people know the real China."
That critique is kind of devastating in its simplicity. Because the fact is, Daisey the Artist (and his more respected forebears) is indifferent to the "real" China. He's only doing theater. And who gives a crap about workers in China when there's Theater to be had, am I right?
I do not think that generic distinctions should have a strong place in this discussion. There are things that most people call theater that stick to the facts (cf. The Laramie Project). There are things that most people call journalism that do not (cf. Up in the Old Hotel). And in any event, it's thoroughly unsatisfying.
But speaking of genres, I do myself write reported but "literary" nonfiction. All that means is that I want to tell you about the world outside my head. But in order to do that I need to make the world enjoyably readable. And the world has a habit of resisting that. There's too much of it, and it all goes by so fast. And people lie, and even worse, they forget, and later it can all be terribly hard to untangle.
But the work of untangling is so often worth it that I distrust writers who claim they shouldn't have to, if they are "only" doing Art.
For many journalists that knowledge gets encoded in their bone marrow, and along the way morphs into self-righteousness. And I know, I know, all that sermonizing about The Truth can be irritating, as though truth were a nation, one and indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.
Just like the Pledge of Allegiance, for many literary journalists the idea of "Truth" is a country we're hoping to discover. We're not quite there. It's a place we think is worth trudging towards even if we never get there, even if we know on some level it's just a fantasy. Everyone who writes knows that some tangles can't be teased out.
My point, I suppose, is that we get closest to Truth when we are self-aware about the mixed results such journeys. When we know where and when our egos get the better of us, let us think we have discovered the truth without working for it. When we know that what we write about other people incurs responsibilities that are inescapable parts of our self conceptions as Writers and Artists.*
In that Sugar column we all love, she quotes Flannery O'Connor: "The first product of self-knowledge is humility." Sugar says to write what you have to write you have to be humble. You have to get on the ground. And arriving on the scene — whether it's in China, or Las Vegas, or your dentist's chair — with an idea of what the Truth is not humble.
And you can't be on the ground before you shut up, and sit your ass down, and listen, and listen, and listen again for hours, before you write a word.
But maybe that's just me.
* (It's the awareness of, and anxiety about, those responsibilities that led me to love Sari Botton's series here on Conversations with Writers Braver than Me. Though I've always wanted to say to her: the fact that you are upfront about your concerns about writing about living people, about hurting them, I think that's brave in and of itself.)
Michelle Dean has written for a variety of places, including The Awl, ELLE and Bitch. More from this author →


In order for users to schedule activities, share information, and perform other collaborative actions, you must first define their relationships in User Management.
After opening the user's account, click the Relationships tab.
Click Add New Learner or Add New Observer.
Choose a user from the menu and then click the Add button.
Repeat to add more observers, as needed.
Activities are conducted between a learner and observer. There are situations where it is appropriate for other observers to be able to view a learner's activity, but not participate in the activity. Use auto-share to allow access to others' activities or to give others access to the user's activities.
Click an auto-share link to choose observers.
Click Add new auto-share observer.
Select an organization, if applicable, and then select an observer.
Return to either the primary observer's or auto-share observer's profile, and then open the appropriate auto-share link.
Find the desired user tile and click Delete in the upper right corner.


The core principle of this RSA is giving Support to our members .
Support assistance is available to all Returned and Service members, spouse/partner, widows/widowers, dependants, weather they are members of the RSA or not.
This RSA also extends its support services to its members who are not returned or service members.


Reliable collection and monitoring of your production data ensures visibility and traceability of your weighing process.
Formulation systems control material dispensing processes for accurate execution of recipes.
Statistical Quality & Process Control is used to comply with legal requirements by documenting and archiving production quality parameters through sample taking.


CBS Sports and Turner Sports today announced TeamCast commentator teams for the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship from San Antonio with Michigan, Loyola (IL), Villanova and Kansas competing for the National Championship. TeamCast coverage will air on TNT and TruTV, alongside TBS's traditional telecasts of the NCAA Final Four National Semifinals on Saturday, March 31, and National Championship on Monday, April 2.
Matt Park, play-by-play – Park just completed his 11th season as the voice of the Michigan women's basketball team. He is a three-time Michigan Association of Broadcasters award winner for play by play on both radio and television.
Jay Feely, analyst – Feely, a Michigan alum, has been an analyst for the NFL ON CBS since 2016 after first joining CBS Sports Network in 2014. Feely works as THE NFL ON CBS' kicking analyst, as well, including serving that role beginning in 2015 and during Super Bowl 50. He won a National Championship with Michigan in 1997 and enjoyed a 14-year NFL career as a kicker.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta, reporter – Dr. Gupta, a Michigan alum, is a multiple Emmy-award winning chief medical correspondent for CNN, where he has worked since 2001. He is the host of Vital Signs for CNN and a member of the staff and faculty at the Emory University School of Medicine.
"Loyola (IL) TeamCast" on truTV at 6:09 p.m.
Jeff Hagedorn, play-by-play – Hagedorn, a Loyola alum, currently serves as the radio voice for the Loyola men's basketball team. He previously worked on television coverage of the Houston Rockets.
Jerry Harkness, analyst – Harkness served as captain of Loyola's 1963 National Championship team, which was inducted to the College Basketball Hall of Fame in 2013. That same year, Harkness was awarded the Muhammad Ali Athlete Award and he is also a member of the Loyola Athletics Hall of Fame.
Shams Charania, reporter – Charania, a Loyola alum, currently serves as an NBA reporter for Yahoo! Sports, breaking news from around the league.
Scot Pollard, analyst – Pollard, a Kansas alum, appeared in an Elite 8 and three Sweet 16s in his four years as a Jayhawk, finishing his career in the school's top-5 in rebounds and blocked shots. He won an NBA title with the 2008 Boston Celtics, capping a 12-year NBA career.
Scott Graham, play-by-play – Graham returns as play-by-play announcer for Villanova's TeamCast after serving in the same role in 2016. He currently announces Big East games for a variety of networks.
Randy Foye, analyst – Foye, a Villanova alum, was a 2006 first team All-American and the Big East Player of the Year in leading Villanova to the Elite 8. He played for seven teams in a 12-year NBA career.
Kacie McDonnell, reporter – McDonnell, a Villanova alum, returns as reporter after serving in the same role in 2016. She currently works for NESN, covering Boston-area teams.
National Semifinal game coverage will tip-off on Saturday at 6:09 p.m. ET, with TBS featuring three hours of pre-game coverage beginning at 3 p.m. (At the Final Four presented by Infiniti, followed by The Final Four Show from 4-6 p.m.). For the second time in the 80-year history of the event, TBS will televise the National Championship on Monday, April 2, with Capital One Championship Central pre-game coverage starting at 7 p.m., followed by the opening tip at 9:20 p.m. Coverage on both nights will conclude with Inside March Madness presented by Buick.
Saturday's NCAA Final Four National Semifinals will feature Loyola (IL) against Michigan at 6:09 p.m. on TBS. Kansas against Villanova will follow 40 minutes after the completion of the Loyola (IL)/Michigan game. Jim Nantz will call the action with analysts Grant Hill and Bill Raftery with reporter Tracy Wolfson for the fourth straight year.
Ernie Johnson and Greg Gumbel will host studio coverage from the Final Four and National Championship with a group of analysts headlined by Charles Barkley, Clark Kellogg and Kenny Smith. Three former NCAA basketball champions – Candace Parker, Christian Laettner, Danny Manning and Kris Jenkins – along with Brendan Haywood, Seth Davis and college coaches will also be part of on-site coverage from San Antonio.
Accompanying the live television coverage, NCAA March Madness Live will once again provide live streaming of the NCAA Final Four National Semifinals – including the TeamCast presentations – and the National Championship Game on desktop computers, tablets, mobile phones and most set-top boxes.


Over the last week or so, the discussion "should we continue to support IE6" has been gaining more and more momentum. Digg, Mashable, Techcrunch and other websites ran features about why IE6 should be given the boot, websites like facebook and youtube are starting to phase out the browser, hinting users to upgrade their browser.
This sparked a long and heated debate in a number of web design agencies and clients I am working with (or have worked with / for), whether it would be worth just dropping the support for Internet Explorer 6 and ask users to upgrade their browsers so that they can enjoy the website to the fullest.
Not so long ago I received an email from a former student of mine who has just started up his own design studio asking whether or not outsourcing work to contractors, freelancers or studios makes sense and what to look out for.
Especially for upcoming design studios or companies / agencies who are lacking in a certain area (such as developers or Flash animators) it makes sense looking to outsource work to keep employment costs low and not having to worry about whether or not there will be enough work to keep someone (or a whole team) employed.
Following up on the previous article you may have some idea about if the mobile web is something for your company and your products. You have probably looked at your target audience by now, you know what users are going to look for on your website, how they find it, what information they read on your website that is related to the product, and you have a clear picture in your mind what content you want to promote for a mobile device user.
The biggest checklist for of inclusive design…. ever!


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The Judds announced as part of Country Music Hall of Fame class of 2021
August 16, 2021 August 24, 2021 by Jessica Blankenship
The Judds will be part of the 2021 Country Music Hall of Fame Class. Photo Credit: Kristin Barlowe
Five-time GRAMMY, nine-time CMA, and seven-time ACM Award-winning iconic duo, The Judds, will join Eddie Bayers, Ray Charles and Pete Drake as 2021 inductees into the Country Music Hall of Fame.
Country Music has a long history of family ties, and the genre has never had another family like The Judds. One of the most successful duos in Country Music history, mother Naomi and daughter Wynonna scored 20 Top 10 hits, including 14 No. 1s, between 1984 and 1991.
Those recordings —"Mama He's Crazy," "Why Not Me" and "Grandpa (Tell Me 'bout the Good Old Days)" among them —stood out not only because of Wynonna's disarming voice and Naomi's unique approach to harmonies but also for their way of combining folk, bluegrass and blues into a sound like nothing else at the time.
"When we moved to Nashville in the late 70s, still struggling to make ends meet and dressing Wy and Ashley in thrift store dresses, I could've never imagined the success we achieved as The Judds. I am beyond thrilled and humbled for this incredible recognition. There's no greater pinnacle in Country Music than the Country Music Hall of Fame," Naomi shared.
"This moment takes me back to 1983 when Mom and I first started. We would get in the car and visit multiple radio stations a day. It kind of feels like I've hit the lottery. It is so surreal. John Lennon always said that he just wanted to be remembered, and now we're truly part of history, or I should say HERstory. What an honor," Wynonna said.
"The Judds broke barriers and blazed a trail for women, as well as men, in the entertainment industry. Naomi Judd's non-stop perseverance paved the way for her family to break away from poverty and become international superstars. Naomi never stopped believing in herself or her family, and is a testament to persistence, determination and hard work," shared Greg Hill, Naomi Judd's manager.
"The works of this year's inductees span crucial timestamps of Country Music history," says Sarah Trahern, CMA Chief Executive Officer. "This impressive career landmark is the pinnacle of accomplishment in Country Music and I'm so proud to see Eddie, Ray, Pete, Naomi and Wynonna getting their much-deserved plaques on the wall of the Rotunda. Today's fans and generations to come will forever be reminded of the distinct impact each made on this genre."
"These people saw through artificial divisions, moved beyond rigid stylistic restrictions, and connected with worldwide audiences," says Kyle Young, Country Music Hall of Fame® and Museum Chief Executive Officer. "In revealing their individuality, they taught us about commonality. Lately, we've lived through a time of division and a time of isolation. But in the music of these greats, we find connection and inclusion."
Naomi — born Diana Ellen Judd on January 11, 1946 — grew up in Ashland, KY, the daughter of a filling-station owner and his wife. She married as a teenager and had two daughters, Christina and Ashley Ciminella. Following a move to California and a divorce, Diana raised her daughters in California. As part of a fresh start, all three took Diana's maiden name. Diana and her older daughter changed their first names, as well. Diana became Naomi, a biblical figure she admired, and Christina became Wynonna, using an adapted spelling of Winona, the northern Arizona town mentioned in the song "Route 66."
Naomi financed the family's move to Nashville by renting her restored 1957 Chevrolet — the same she'd drive from California to Tennessee — for use in "More American Graffiti" and by securing roles for her and Wynonna in the film. They made the move in 1979, and Naomi took a job as a nurse at Williamson County Medical Center. In early 1980, she and a 15-year-old Wynonna began appearing in the early mornings on WSM-TV's "The Ralph Emery Show." Emery dubbed them the "Soap Sisters" after Naomi told him she made her own lye soap.
Their break came via a chance encounter with Nashville producer Brent Maher, whose teenage daughter — a schoolmate of Wynonna's — was injured in a car accident. Maher had seen the Soap Sisters' television performances and recognized Naomi, one of his daughter's nurses. When Maher's daughter was dismissed from the hospital, Naomi gave Maher a tape she and Wynonna had made on a portable tape recorder in their kitchen. Maher began working with the two singers and, following a live audition in the offices of RCA Records' Nashville office, they secured a recording deal with RCA Records/Curb Records.
The Judds made their debut in late 1983 with "Had a Dream (For the Heart)," a B-side for Elvis Presley seven years before. It began with a simple guitar strum, followed by a line of a cappella vocal from Wynonna. The record only cracked the Top 20, but the record's less-is-more approach made the necessary impression. The follow-up, "Mama He's Crazy," went straight to No. 1, immediately making The Judds Country Music's most successful mother-daughter act since Mother Maybelle Carter and the Carter Sisters. "Mama He's Crazy" was the first of eight straight chart-toppers for the duo and earned Naomi and Wynonna their first of five GRAMMY Awards.
On the strength of "Mama He's Crazy" and the six-song Wynonna & Naomi EP, The Judds won the Horizon Award at the 1984 CMA Awards ceremony (where Naomi famously began her acceptance speech by exclaiming, "Slap the dog and spit in the fire!"). They released their first full-length album, Why Not Me, the following week.
The Judds went on to win nine CMA Awards and seven from the Academy of Country Music, dominating both organizations' vocal duo categories through the 1980s. In 1986, The Judds received their first of three CMA Awards nominations for Entertainer of the Year, making 22-year-old Wynonna the youngest person ever to be nominated for the honor. She held that distinction for more than 20 years.
Between 1984 and 1991, The Judds released six studio albums and an EP, their stripped-back style helping revive the popularity of acoustic sounds in Country Music and opening up the genre for more traditional approaches.
In October 1990, Naomi announced her retirement from performing due to chronic hepatitis. That retirement would come after the 124-date Love Can Build a Bridge Farewell Tour, which wrapped December 4, 1991, at Middle Tennessee State University in Murfreesboro, TN. They have occasionally reunited since then, notably for the 1994 Super Bowl halftime show, a 2000 reunion tour, a 2008 performance at the Stagecoach Festival and the Last Encore Tour in 2010-2011.
Following the Love Can Build a Bridge Farewell Tour, Naomi and Wynonna pursued separate career paths. Wynonna launched a solo recording career with three No. 1 singles and a 5x Platinum album, Wynonna, in 1992. Naomi published her autobiography, "Love Can Build a Bridge," in 1993. Wynonna published her own memoir, "Coming Home to Myself," in 2005. Naomi pursued acting and television, hosting a talk show and serving as a judge and mentor on an entertainment competition series.
Together, the Judds have 16 Gold, Platinum, and multi-Platinum albums and longform videos, led by 2x Platinum albums Why Not Me and The Judds Greatest Hits. Wynonna has another half-dozen albums and videos certified by the Recording Industry Association of America.
During 2018-2019, Naomi and Wynonna were the subjects of the Country Hall of Fame and Museum exhibit, "The Judds: Dream Catchers," which followed the duo from their beginnings in Eastern Kentucky to the peak of their careers. At the time, museum CEO Kyle Young quoted "A Million Miles to the City" a song by another Kentuckian, Tom T. Hall, adding that the tale of The Judds was "a million-mile story, told with heart and soul, about a miraculous, fortunate and harmonious journey."
In her autobiography, Naomi wrote of her first visit to Music Row and the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, saying, "It was as if we'd entered the pearly gates and were riding down streets of gold" and comparing the Hall to "a cathedral filled with holy relics."
Now she and Wynonna have found a permanent home in the cathedral.
Jessica Blankenship
Jessica Blankenship is the owner and founder of Kentucky Country Music website with over 20 years experience in music journalism, concert planning, photography, and promotion. Jessica is a Kentucky Colonel and alumni of the 2019 Leadership Kentucky BRIGHT Class and a recipient of the Laurel County's Ten Under 40 Award. Listen to her each week on WFKY on Friday mornings for the Nashville News Roundup.
www.kentuckycountrymusic.com
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Breakbeat hardcore is een genre binnen de elektronische dansmuziek.

Breakbeat hardcore ontstond eind jaren 80 in de ravescene van het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Het combineert four-on-the-floor-ritmes met breakbeats op een tempo van 130 tot 150 BPM. Er wordt gebruikgemaakt van samples uit funk en hiphop en drumcomputers als Roland TR-909. Het bevat korte akkoorden uit synthesizers en korte stukken vocalen of rap, die vaak versneld worden afgespeeld. Bekende platen uit het genre zijn Anasthasia van T99, Quadrophonia van Quadrophonia (band), Frequency van Altern-8 en Experience van The Prodigy. Breakbeat hardcore werd opgevolgd door jungle en 4-beat.

Elektronische-muziekstijl


Madison Street Capital has received an excellent overview for the year of 2015. This year more than 42 hedge funds were closed or announced. The 2015 transaction volume was measured by AUM and was determined to be approximately 27% higher than in previous years. Such success was reached due to the waver of successful fourth quarter transactions. The transactions in the third quarter made up a large percentage of the profits which kept Madison Street Capital in the black. Thanks to those closing quarter transactions, the year is set to be a massively profitable year. Hedge fund assets have been higher than previously reported in years. This is due to managers' willingness to adapt to the changing markets and produce profits which are sustainable. The trend in hedge fund management has shown us that mediocre performance must be alleviated through diligent effort. The hedge funds that showed mediocre returns in the past years have seen dismal reviews and retention rates. It is of absolute importance to provide a premium return for clients and Madison Street Capital understands this.
While the smaller hedge funds have struggled to maintain their profitability in the industry Madison Street Capital has not seen any lag in their bottom line. The institutional investors at the company have researched into ways to become more profitable across the board by making greater contributions and investments into the alternative asset management sector. By managing their funds in new and innovative ways, the Madison Street Capital reputation is one of new and exciting investment managers. Their managers have won the M&A Awards for the most innovative transaction due to their new deal with an automotive company. Their debt underwriting and asset management have proven to be the best in the market and they were recognized as being the top company out of more than 620 from around the country.
The M&A Awards took place in Chicago and the companies that were recognized represented the best hedge funds and investment banks in the country. There were keynote speakers in attendance; they were the top investors from prestigious firms. Such a packed list of respected names makes the attendance a true honor. The smaller hedge firms which were having difficulty presenting reasonable returns were happy to hear the speakers and gain some insight into alternative methods of investment. The innovative of these great companies will provide many great benefits for companies and individuals seeking their service.
To learn more, connect with Madison Street Capital on LinkedIn.