A set of colorants for printing a multi-colored image when viewed under non-visible radiation outside of the visible spectrum can include a first colorant and a second colorant. The first colorant can be capable of absorbing non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength of the non-visible radiation to a visible wavelength, thus producing a visible color. Likewise, the second colorant can be capable of absorbing the non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength to a second visible wavelength, thus producing a different visible color.
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1. A set of colorants, comprising: a first colorant capable of absorbing non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength of said non-visible radiation to a first visible wavelength; and a second colorant capable of absorbing the non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength of said non-visible radiation to a second visible wavelength; wherein the first visible wavelength and the second visible wavelength are two different hues, and wherein upon printing, the set of colorants render a multi-colored image when viewed under non-visible radiation outside of the visible spectrum.
2. The set of colorants of claim 1, wherein the non-visible radiation is ultra violet radiation.
3. The set of colorants of claim 1, wherein the non-visible radiation is infrared radiation.
4. The set of colorants of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first visible wavelength and the second visible wavelength is red, green or blue.
5. The set of colorants of claim 1, wherein the both first visible wavelength and the second visible wavelength are independently red, green, or blue.
6. The set of colorants of claim 1, further comprising a third colorant capable of absorbing the non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength of said non-visible radiation to a third visible wavelength, wherein the third visible wavelength is a different hue from the first visible wavelength and the second visible wavelength.
7. The set of colorants of claim 6, wherein the first visible wavelength is red, the second visible wavelength is green, and the third visible wavelength is blue.
8. The set of colorants of claim 6, wherein the first visible wavelength, the second visible wavelength, and the third visible wavelength combine to emit a perceptibly full color image under the non-visible radiation.
9. The set of colorants of claim 1, wherein the first colorant and the second colorant are configured for ink-jet printing, liquid toner printing, dry toner printing, electrophotography printing, liquid electrophotography printing, dye sublimation printing, analog offset printing, Indigo printing, or reflective e-paper printing.
10. The set of colorants of claim 1, wherein the colorant is a pigment.
11. The set of colorants of claim 1, further including a colorant which reflects visible light radiation to produce a visible light-reflected hue.
12. The set of colorants of claim 11, wherein the colorant is a dye or a pigment.
13. The set of colorants of claim 11, wherein the visible light-reflected hue is selected from the group consisting of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.
For some time, there has been a desire to produce systems and methods that can offer a greater degree of document security. For example, documents often need to be marked as original, such as identification cards, passports, checks, and currency. For this purpose, specialized watermarks and printing techniques have been developed. Additionally, a variety of printing materials have been incorporated into such processes. Counterfeiting continues to advance along with the developments in providing more authentic and secure documents. Thus, there is a need to develop more techniques and materials which impart new and additional levels of authentication to documents and the like.
Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, both those described and those illustrated in the drawing, and specific language will be used herein to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Alterations and further modifications of the inventive features illustrated herein, and additional applications of the principles of the inventions as illustrated herein, which would occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
The singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a colorant" includes reference to one or more colorants.
As used herein, when referring to "colorant-containing fluids," this encompasses liquid toners, inks such as ink-jet inks, colorant-containing slurries, and other liquids that include at least one colorant in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. The term "fluid" does not require that all components in the composition be liquid, as pigments are typically dispersed in the color-containing fluid. Thus, fluid dispersions and fluid solutions are both included as colorant-containing fluids. It is also noted that the term "colorant" in many embodiments includes materials that receive light outside of the visible spectrum, and reflect light within the visible spectrum.
As used herein, the term "hue" refers to a color within the visible spectrum. Both "hue" and "color" are used to indicate distinct colors. Technically, two different hues are distinguished as light is emitted or reflected from one hue at a wavelength that is different from a wavelength of the other hue. To go further, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, this difference can be perceptively different to an ordinary viewer. Examples would include a perceived difference in yellow versus green or red verses blue. Colors can be defined by wavelength ranges associated with them: violet is 380-450 nm, blue is 450-495 nm, green is 495-570 nm, yellow is 570-590 nm, orange is 590-620 nm, and red is 620-750 nm. As used herein, a green of 496 nm and a blue of 494 nm would not be considered different hues as, although they are technically different wavelengths and even different colors as defined by their associated wavelengths, they would not likely be perceptively distinguishable by an ordinary or casual viewer as different colors or hues, whereas a mid range violet and a mid range blue would likely be perceptibly distinguishable.
The term "non-visible radiation" refers to all radiation outside of the visible light spectrum. As the visible light spectrum is typically defined as including all wavelengths from about 380 nm to about 750 nm, any wavelength of energy above or below the range is non-visible radiation. Non-visible radiation includes "IR" or "infrared" and "UV" or "ultra violet". Infrared radiation is that radiation with a wavelength greater than visible light. Specifically, IR includes radiation ranging from about 750 nm to about 1 mm. Conversely, ultra violet radiation is that radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light. Typically, UV is defined as radiation with a wavelength ranging from about 1 nm to about 380 nm. UV radiation can be sub-divided into long wave or "blacklight" (about 315 nm to about or slightly greater than 380 nm), medium wave (about 280 to about 315 nm), and short wave (less than about 280 nm).
Additionally, as discussed herein, exposing a media, colorant, or colorant-containing fluid to non-visible radiation is meant to indicate exposure at a greater level to the non-visible radiation than is typically found in ambient light. For example, bringing the colorants or media near a black light is included in exposing the colorants or media to non-visible radiation. For example, taking the colorants or media into the sunlight is not considered exposing the colorants or media to non-visible radiation, even though sunlight includes non-visible radiation.
The colorants are said to absorb non-visible radiation and shift the wavelength of the non-visible radiation to a visible wavelength. Although this is the terminology used to explain the phenomena of exciting a colorant with non-visible energy and having the colorant emit a visible wavelength, it is understood that other explanations or descriptions are equally as probable and/or valid so long as it indicates that the colorant receives non-visible wavelength and, as a result, emits or reflects visible wavelength energy. For example, it could be said that the colorants absorb non-visible radiation and emit a visible wavelength. Further, the colorants could be said to fluoresce or phosphorese a visible color upon being exposed to non-visible radiation.
The terms "light" and "radiation" can be used interchangeably.
The term "about" when referring to a numerical value or range is intended to encompass the values resulting from experimental error or differences in perception that can occur when taking measurements.
Numerical data may be expressed or presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such a range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and thus should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. As an illustration, a numerical range of "about 1 to about 5" should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited values of about 1 to about 5, but also include individual values and sub-ranges within the indicated range. Thus, included in this numerical range are individual values such as 2, 3, and 4 and sub-ranges such as from 1-3, from 2-4, and from 3-5, etc. This same principle applies to ranges reciting only one numerical value. Furthermore, such an interpretation should apply regardless of the breadth of the range or the characteristics being described.
According to various aspects of the present invention, a set of colorants for printing or rendering a multi-colored image when viewed under light outside of the visible spectrum can include a first colorant and a second colorant. The first colorant can be capable of absorbing non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength of the radiation to a first visible wavelength. The visible wavelength can produce a first hue. Likewise, the second colorant can be capable of absorbing non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength of the radiation to a second visible wavelength. The second visible wavelength can produce a second hue, which is different from the first hue. In one aspect, the first colorant and/or the second colorant can be a pigment. In accordance with the present invention, the non-visible radiation can be ultra violet radiation. Alternatively, the non-visible radiation can be infrared. In one aspect, the set of colorants can be included in a colorant-containing fluid for printing, e.g., multiple inks, multiple liquid toners, etc.
The described set of colorants can be used to produce multi-colored images which are activated under a type of energy not previously used to produce such multi-colored images. Some advanced authentication documents have been known to use a monochrome image that is activated when exposed to ultra violet light, but creating a multi-colored image (i.e. an image using two or more colors in combination) allows for many more advanced designs and application. For example, the multi-colored image can even be full-color image, similar to a typical full-color image perceived in visible light, which can be translated from non-visible light to a perceptibly red, green and blue combination. There are many combinations of colors that can produce perceptibly full-colored images under non-visible radiation. In one embodiment, red, green and blue can be used in combination, in another embodiment, any three colorant-containing fluids that can be used in combination to produce a full-colored image can be used (e.g. orange, violet and turquoise). Such a combination can be printed or rendered with colorants that absorb non-visible radiation and shift the wavelength to the visible spectrum. As such, in one aspect, at least one of the first visible wavelength and the second visible wavelength can be red, green, or blue. In a further aspect, both the first visible wavelength and the second visible wavelength can be independently selected from red, green, or blue, where the first visible wavelength and the second visible wavelength are different hues, meaning both wavelengths cannot be red.
As with other sets of colorants, the set can include additional colorants. In one aspect, the colorant set can include a third colorant capable of absorbing the non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength to a third visible wavelength. The third visible wavelength can be a different hue from either or both of the first visible wavelength or the second visible wavelength. In a red-green-blue (RGB) system, each of the three colorants can emit one of the RGB colors. The red-green-blue combination can then be printed together to create full-color images. Regarding the colorant set, for example, the first visible wavelength can be red, the second visible wavelength can be green, and the third visible wavelength can be blue. With this colorant set, the colorants can combine to emit a perceptibly full-color image under the non-visible radiation. For example, all of red, green, and blue can be perceived in a full-colored image when exposed to a common source of non-visible radiation.
To create an image, the colorants can be included in a variety of vehicles or used in various ways. In a particular embodiment, inks and/or liquid toners having colorants capable of absorbing non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength to a visible wavelength can be applied to some type of media, e.g., coated media sheets, transparencies, etc. One method of applying the colorant-containing fluids to media can be ink-jet printing. Another method includes applying the colorant-containing fluid as a toner composition, such as a liquid toner composition, as dry toner, etc. Notwithstanding the above, applications for printing include ink-jet printing, electrophotography, liquid electrophotography, dye sublimation, analog offset, Indigo printing, or reflective e-paper applications. It should be understood that any use of the colorant set described herein is practical, though for ease of discussion, much of the teachings herein is directed to colorant-containing fluid printing, such as printing with inks and toners.
As such, the first colorant-containing fluid, the second colorant-containing fluid, and any additional colorant-containing fluids can be formulated for ink-jet or toner printing. In one embodiment, the set of colorants can include a colorant which reflects visible light radiation to produce a visible light-reflected hue, as is more traditional for printing applications. This colorant-containing fluid(s) can be separate from the colorant-containing fluids containing the colorant that reflects non-visible radiation in the visible spectrum. Alternatively, the set of colorants can include both standard colorants and colorants that reflect non-visible radiation in the visible spectrum. The colorant that reflects visible light radiation and produces a visible light-reflected hue, if present in the colorant-containing fluid set, can be a dye or a pigment. Additionally, as is conventional in the more traditional ink fields that reflect visible light, the visible light-reflected hues that can be used include cyan, magenta, yellow, and/or black. Other colors such as pink, orange, red, violet, blue, etc., can also be used.
Sets of colorants described herein can be utilized to produce colored images that are activated by non-visible radiation. Accordingly, a method for printing a multi-colored image onto a media when viewed under light outside of the visible spectrum can include printing on the media a first colorant that is capable of absorbing non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength to a first visible wavelength. The method can additionally include printing on the media a second colorant capable of absorbing the non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength of the radiation to a second visible wavelength. The first visible wavelength and the second visible wavelength can be different hues.
To print a more advanced image, the method can further include printing on the media a third colorant capable of absorbing the non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength to a third visible wavelength such that the third visible wavelength is a different hue from the first and second visible wavelengths. As with the colorant sets, the first visible wavelength can be red, the second green, and the third blue. These three visible wavelengths can combine to emit a perceptibly full color image under the non-visible radiation.
In addition to printing on the media, two colorants capable of absorbing non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength of the non-visible radiation to different visible wavelengths, the method for printing a colored image can further include printing an image on the media with a colorant-containing fluid including a colorant that reflects visible light radiation to produce a visible light-reflected image. Such colorant-containing fluids that reflect visible light radiation are known in the printing industry and can include dye or pigment as colorant.
Thus, it is possible to create an image that can absorb two different types of non-visible radiation. For example, an image having at least two colors can be printed such that when exposed to a first non-visible radiation, an image appears in the visible spectrum. Further, when exposed to a second non-visible radiation, the colorants in the colorant-containing fluid reflect an alternative visible wavelength to show an image. The first non-visible radiation can be UV light and the second non-visible radiation can be IR light, or vice versa. Alternatively, the first and second non-visible light can be two different UV wavelengths, or of two different IR wavelengths. Alternatively, an image can be printed to appear red under ambient light, and appear a different color under non-visible radiation, or remain red under non-visible radiation.
These and other concepts may be better understood through example. Onto a print media, an image using conventional colorant-containing fluid(s), such as inks or toner compositions, can be printed. This image, referred to as A, absorbs and reflects visible light radiation. The image A can be monochrome (including black and white), or can include more than one color. A second image can be printed on the same media (or fully or partially over or under the same image). The image B can absorb ultraviolet light and shift the wavelength to produce a multi-colored image including at least two hues. In one aspect, the image may include two colorants that absorb the ultraviolet radiation and emit in the visible spectrum. Further, the image may include three or more colorants that absorb the ultraviolet radiation and emit in the visible spectrum at different hues. It should be noted in the example, though, that the infrared radiation and the ultra violet radiation can be switched. Further, another image, C, can be printed on the same media (or fully or partially over or under the same image). The image C can absorb infrared radiation and shift the wavelength of the radiation to emit in the visible spectrum. The image C can be monochrome or include more than one color. Thus, under standard lighting, an observer would see image A. Depending on the colorant-containing fluids used and type of lighting, minor distortions or variations in image quality may be observable due to the presence of images B and C, however such distortion or image quality should be minimal. Further, it is noted that images B and C can be optionally superimposed with image A in any manner desired (i.e. B over A, A over C, B and C over A, etc.). Next, the image can be exposed to ultra violet radiation, perhaps in the form of a black light, along with visible light. Such exposure would produce a visual image of A and B to an observer. Alternatively, exposure only to ultra violet radiation would produce a single image B. Image C, however, can be observed when the media is exposed to infrared radiation. Image C can be monochrome, or can be full-colored, or any variation there between. As with the ultra violet radiation, exposure to infrared radiation and visible light radiation would produce the combined image of A and C, whereas exposure only to infrared radiation would produce image C only. To go further, exposure to visible light, ultra violet, and infrared would produce the composite image of A, B and C, as visible in the visible light spectrum. In some cases, one, two or even all three images can be full-color images. Technology of this nature would allow for identification cards and perhaps bank and credit cards to move from having only a monochrome watermark design that is visible in ultraviolet light to perhaps having a full color image such as a picture of a landscape or of the individual who owns the card.
Accordingly, a method for printing a colored image can further include printing a colorant capable of absorbing a second non-visible radiation and shifting the wavelength of the second non-visible radiation to reflect a visible wavelength.
The images produced herein with a first image responsive only to visible radiation and a second image with at least two colorants that absorb non-visible radiation and reflect at least two different hues in the visible spectrum, both images on the same media, can be used for a variety of purposes. As discussed, such imaging can be very beneficial as a security or authentication tool. The second image can provide additional information (e.g. color identification picture), can alter the first image, or can provide authentication merely by its presence. Applications of this technology do not end with security, though. Printing and the resulting images of this type can be used to produce unique versions of any printed material. In one aspect, the image can be used as a game or part of a game, such as a children's game piece (e.g. with secret decoding aspects), or with other game-types (e.g. lottery tickets). Further, such images can be useful in decor as with posters and artwork.
Any colorant capable of absorbing non-visible radiation and emitting a visible wavelength can be included in the colorant-containing fluids carrying the set of colorants described herein. Example colorants include ultra violet pigments and infrared pigments. Non-limiting examples of ultraviolet pigments include Invisible Red S, Invisible Blue S, Invisible Cyan S, Invisible Blue E, Invisible Red E, Invisible Red R, Invisible Green R, and Invisible Blue R (from Glowbug); ADA4604, ADA4619, ADA4605, ADA4607, ADA4628, and ADA4625 (from H. W. Sands Corp.); IPO-19, IPO-18, and IPO-13 (from DayGlo Color Corp.); SPF-0008, SPF-0013, SPF-0018, SPF-1100, SPF-1200, SPF-1300, SPF-1400, SPF-1800, SPF-1900, SPF-2300, SPF-2100, SPF-2800, and SPF-3100 (from Spectra); Pigment UVR, and Pigment UVG (from StarDust Materials); and Blue CD164, Blue CD165, Green CD163, Green CD145, Red CD106, Red CD105, and Red CD120 (from Honeywell). Non-limiting examples of infrared pigments include UC-1 (from Glowbug); ADB5350, ADB8800, and ADB4888 (from H.W. Sands Corp.), and Pigment Z, Pigment K, and Pigment S (from StarDust Materials).
These colorants can be visually imperceptible (substantially invisible) under ambient light, or can have color under ambient light, but which have a different color when exposed to non-visible radiation. Further, more standard colorants can be added to the colorant-containing fluids of the present invention if the desire is to provide some color property to the colorant-containing fluid. For example, a small amount of standard colorant (pigment or dye) can be added to a colorant-containing fluid so that it is at least nominally visible when printed on media to ensure that the colorant-containing fluid has indeed been printed. Alternatively, a larger amount of colorant can be used if the desire is to give a colorant-containing fluid a first color which is perceptibly different under non-visible radiation.
Regarding the liquid vehicles and other additives that can be included in the formulations and methods of present invention, it is understood that the enumerated components are exemplary and do not limit the scope of vehicle components that can be used. For example, the liquid carrier and a resin can be mixed to form a slurry. The carrier liquid can include, but is not limited to, an insulating, nonpolar liquid that is used as the medium for toner particles. The carrier liquid can include compounds that have a resistivity in excess of about 10.sup.9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant below about 3.0. The carrier liquid can include, but is not limited to, hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon can include, but is not limited to, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an isomerized aliphatic hydrocarbon, branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, or aromatic hydrocarbons.
Illustrative carrier liquids include, but are not limited to, Isopar-G.TM., Isopar-H.TM., Isopar-L.TM., Isopar-M.TM., Isopar-K.TM., Isopar-V.TM., Norpar 12.TM., Norpar 13.TM.. and Norpar 15.TM., Exxo1D40.TM., Exxo1D80.TM., Exxo1D100.TM., Exxo1D130.TM., and Exxo1D140.TM. (each sold by EXXON CORPORATION); Teclen N-16.TM., Teclen N-20.TM., Teclen N-22.TM., Nisseki Naphthesol L.TM., Nisseki Naphthesol M.TM., Nisseki Naphthesol H.TM., #0 Solvent L.TM., #0 Solvent M.TM., #0 Solvent H.TM., Nisseki Isosol 300.TM., Nisseki Isosol 400.TM., AF-4.TM., AF-5.TM., AF-6.TM. and AF-7.TM. (each sold by NIPPON OIL CORPORATION); IP Solvent 1620.TM. and IP Solvent 2028.TM. (each sold by IDEMITSU PETROCHEMICAL CO., LTD.); Amsco OMS.TM. and Amsco 460.TM. (each sold by AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS CORP.); and electron, positron, or new II, purogen HF (100% synthetic terpenes) (sold by ECOLINK).
The resin can include, but is not limited to, thermoplastic toner resins. In particular, the resin can include, but is not limited to, ethylene acid copolymers; ethylene acrylic acid copolymers; methacrylic acid copolymers; ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers; copolymers of ethylene (80 to 99.9%), acrylic or methacrylic acid (20 to 0.1%)/alkyl (C1 to C5) ester of methacrylic or acrylic acid (0.1 to 20%); polyethylene; polystyrene; isotactic polypropylene (crystalline); ethylene ethyl acrylate, polyesters; polyvinyl toluene; polyamides; styrene/butadiene copolymers; epoxy resins; acrylic resins (e.g., copolymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid and at least one alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid wherein alkyl is from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, like methyl methacrylate (50 to 90%)/methacrytic acid (0 to 20 percent/ethylhexylacrylate (10 to 50%)); Ethylene-Acrylate terpolymers: Ethylene-Acrylic esters-Maleic Anhydride (MAH) or Glycidyl Methacrylate (GMA) terpolymers; low molecular weight Ethylene-Acrylic Acid ionomers and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the toner can include the Nucrel family of toners (e.g., Nucrel 403.TM., Nucrel 407.TM., Nucrel 609HS.TM., Nucrel 908HS.TM., Nucrel 1202HC.TM., Nucrel 30707.TM., Nucrel 1214.TM., Nucrel 903.TM.Nucrel 3990.TM., Nucrel 910.TM., Nucrel 925.TM., Nucrel 699.TM., Nucrel 599.TM., Nucrel 960.TM., Nucrel RX 76.TM., Nucrel 2806.TM., Bynell.TM. 2002, Bynell.TM. 2014, Bynell.TM. 2020. (sold by E. I. du PONT)). Aclyn family (e.g. Aclyn 201, Aclyn 246, Aclyn 285, Aclyn 295, Lotader family (e.g. Lotader 2210, Lotader, 3430, or Lotader 8200 (sold by Arkema)).
The charge adjuvant can include, but is not limited to, barium petronate, calcium petronate, Co salts of naphthenic acid, Ca salts of naphthenic acid, Cu salts of naphthenic acid, Mn salts of naphthenic acid, Ni salts of naphthenic acid, Zn salts of naphthenic acid, Fe salts of naphthenic acid, Ba salts of stearic acid, Co salts of stearic acid, Pb salts of stearic acid, Zn salts of stearic acid, Al salts of stearic acid, Zn salts of stearic acid, Cu salts of stearic acid, Pb salts of stearic acid, Fe salts of stearic acid, divalent metal carboxylates and trivalent metal carboxylates (e.g., Al tristearate, Al octanoate, Li heptanoate, Fe stearate, Fe distearate, Ba stearate, Cr stearate, Mg octanoate, Ca stearate, Fe naphthenate, Zn naphthenate, Mn heptanoate, Zn heptanoate, Ba octanoate, Al octanoate, Co octanoate, Mn octanoate, and Zn octanoate), Co lineolates, Mn lineolates, Pb lineolates, Zn lineolates, Ca oleates, Co oleates, Zn palmirate, Ca resinates, Co resinates, Mn resinates, Pb resinates, Zn resinates, AB diblock copolymers of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid calcium and ammonium salts, copolymers of an alkyl acrylamidoglycolate alkyl ether (e.g., methyl acrylamidoglycolate methyl ether-co-vinyl acetate), hydroxy bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylic)aluminate monohydrate, and a mixture of hydroxy bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylic)aluminate monohydrate. In an embodiment, the charge adjuvant can be aluminum tristearate.
The following examples illustrate embodiments of the invention that are presently known. Thus, these examples should not be considered as limitations of the present invention, but are merely in place to teach how to make the best-known compositions of the present invention based upon current experimental data. As such, a representative number of compositions and their method of manufacture are disclosed herein.
The ingredients are mixed and heated to a temperature from about 120.degree. C. to about 160.degree. C. This produces a slurry that is about 50-90 wt % solids. To the mixture, aluminum tristearate (a charge adjuvant) is added at an amount of about 1-5 wt % by total weight of solids. Additionally, Invisible Red S pigment (by Glowbug) is added at an amount of 2.5-60 wt % by total weight of solids. Additional Isopar-L can be added to adjust the viscosity of the slurry, and the mixture can be grinded.
The same procedure as Example 1 is followed, except SC4 pigment (from Angstrom) is used in place of Invisible Red S pigment.
The same procedure as Example 1 is followed, except SC11 pigment (from Angstrom) is used in place of Invisible Red S pigment.
In an illustrative embodiment, a toner including an UV fluorescent pigment may be prepared by preparing a mixture of a carrier liquid such as Isopar-L.TM. (about 60%-85%, by total weight), a resin such as Bynell.TM. 2022 (about 15%-40%, by total weight). The ingredients are mixed in a double planetary mixer, for example a Ross mixer, for about 1.5 hours at a temperature between about 120.degree. C. to about 160.degree. C. to produce a slurry of the carrier and polymer particles plasticized by solvation of the liquid carrier. The mixing is then continued for another 1.5 hours while the mixture cools down to room temperature. The slurry (about 50%-90%, by total weight of solids) is then added to a 750 ml attritor (e.g. a Union Process.TM. MODEL 01-HD ATTRITOR) together with a charge adjuvant like aluminum tristearate (about 1%-5%, by total weight of solids) and Invisible Red R(fine) T pigment (about 2.5%-60%, by total weight of solids). Isopar-L.TM. can be added to adjust the viscosity of the slurry. The slurry is grinded for 6 hours at about 50.degree. C.-60.degree. C. at about 700 RPM. Then the attritor is stopped and removed. This gives a UV red fluorescent toner composition.
In an illustrative embodiment, a toner including an IR fluorescent pigment may be prepared by preparing a mixture of a carrier liquid such as Isopar-L.TM. (about 60%-85%, by total weight), a resin such as Nucrel.TM. 699 (about 15%-40%, by total weight) and a resin such as ACE 5120 (about 0%-20%, by total weight). The ingredients are mixed in a double planetary mixer, for example a Ross mixer, for about 1.5 hours at a temperature between about 120.degree. C. to about 160.degree. C. to produce a slurry of the carrier and polymer particles plasticized by solvation of the liquid carrier. The mixing is then continued for another 1.5 hours while the mixture cools down to room temperature. The slurry (about 50%-90%, by total weight of solids) is then added to a 750 ml attritor (e.g. a Union Process.TM. MODEL 01-HD ATTRITOR) together with a charge adjuvant like aluminum tristearate (about 1%-5%, by total weight of solids). Isopar-L.TM. can be added to adjust the viscosity of the slurry. The slurry is grinded for 5 hours at about 50.degree. C.-60.degree. C. at about 700 RPM. After this the RPM is lowered to about 50 RPM and a pigment such as ADB8800.TM. (about 2.5%-60%, by total weight of solids) is added to the slurry. The slurry mixed for several minutes until the pigment is completely absorbed in the slurry. After absorption the RPM is raised to about 700 and cooling begins immediately to bring the temperature to about 25.degree. C.-35.degree. C. The slurry is left to mix for about 30 minutes and then the attritor is stopped and toner is removed. This gives an IR Red fluorescent toner composition.
In an illustrative embodiment, a toner including an UV fluorescent pigment may be prepared by preparing a mixture of a carrier liquid such as Isopar-L.TM. (about 60%-85%, by total weight), a resin such as Nucrel.TM. 699 (about 15%-40%, by total weight). The ingredients are mixed in a double planetary mixer, for example a Ross mixer, for about 1.5 hours at a temperature between about 120.degree. C. to about 160.degree. C. to produce a slurry of the carrier and polymer particles plasticized by solvation of the liquid carrier. The mixing is then continued for another 1.5 hours while the mixture cools down to room temperature. The slurry (about 50%-90%, by total weight of solids) is then added to a 750 ml attritor (e.g. a Union Process.TM. MODEL 01-HD ATTRITOR) together with a charge adjuvant like aluminum tristearate (about 1%-5%, by total weight of solids) and a C09.TM. pigment (about 2.5%-60%, by total weight of solids). Isopar-L.TM. can be added to adjust the viscosity of the slurry. The slurry is grinded for 6 hours at about 50.degree. C.-60.degree. C. at about 700 RPM. Then, the attritor is stopped and removed. This gives a UV Blue fluorescent toner composition.
In an illustrative embodiment, a toner including an UV fluorescent pigment may be prepared by preparing a mixture of a carrier liquid such as Isopar-L.TM. (about 60%-85%, by total weight), a resin such as Nucrel.TM. 699 (about 15%-40%, by total weight). The ingredients are mixed in a double planetary mixer, for example a Ross mixer, for about 1.5 hours at a temperature between about 120.degree. C. to about 160.degree. C. to produce a slurry of the carrier and polymer particles plasticized by solvation of the liquid carrier. The mixing is then continued for another 1.5 hours while the mixture cools down to room temperature. The slurry (about 50%-90%, by total weight of solids) is then added to a 750 ml attritor (e.g. a Union Process.TM. MODEL 01-HD ATTRITOR) together with a charge adjuvant like aluminum tristearate (about 1%-5%, by total weight of solids) and a SC17.TM. pigment (about 2.5%-60%, by total weight of solids). Isopar-L.TM. can be added to adjust the viscosity of the slurry. The slurry is grinded for 6 hours at about 50.degree. C.-60.degree. C. at about 700 RPM. Then the attritor is stopped and removed. This gives a UV Blue fluorescent toner composition.
The colorant-containing fluids of Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 are included in an ink-set, in accordance with the present invention.
The set of colorants in the colorant-containing fluids of Example 8 are combined with a standard cyan, magenta, yellow, and optionally black colored fluids, so that full color images viewed under ambient light and/or non-visible radiation can be produced from a common colorant-containing fluid set.
A colorant-containing fluid as in Example 1, 2, or 3 is admixed with from 0.1 wt % to 6 wt % of a pigment or a dye that is visible under ambient light so that the colorant-containing fluid is visible under ambient light, and under non-visible light.


text:
TheBiteTour > Blog > Europe > Explore Germany > Top 15 things to do in Munich – Germany
Explore Germany
Top 15 things to do in Munich – Germany
Posted by Abegail May 25, 2021
After Berlin, the city of Munich is often considered the next most important city in Germany, but above all the key capital of the country: indeed, this town is as much appreciated by its inhabitants as by tourists due to its monuments, its amazing museums, and its department stores. The architectural design of the city oscillates between the rococo of the 18th century and the neo-classicism of the 19th century. The city was marked by the Wittelsbach family, who left their mark on Nymphenburg Castle (their summer house ) and the residential palace in the center of the town. Visiting Munich, finally, is also about the joie de vivre that's confirmed on each street corner. How can we not mention Munich without mentioning the famous Beer Festival that happens there in October?
What to do in Munich? What to visit? What to see? Here's a small, Non-exhaustive list of all of the sights in the city you shouldn't miss. Note that you shouldn't be afraid to rent a bicycle to discover the city center, the city is filled with bicycle paths to travel and circulate in quiet and peace.
1- Discover the Olympic Park
2- View the Marienplatz (Mary's Square)
3- Our Lady's Cathedral (Frauenkirche)
4- The food market (Viktualienmarkt)
5- Taste the beers at the Hofbräuhaus Brewery
6- The Renowned Nymphenburg Palace
7- The Pinakotheques (Pinakothek der Moderne, Alte Pinakothek, Neue Pinkothek)
8- The Lenbach Villa (Lenbachhaus Museum)
9- The Königsplatz
10 — The Maxvorstadt district
11- Bavaria Film Studios (Bavaria Film)
12- The BMW Museum
13- The English Garden (Englischer Garten)
14- Participate in the Oktoberfest
15- More thoughts for Munich sightseeing
This park is a vast complex that has been built for the 1972 Olympic Games And is recognizable from afar as a result of its 290-meter high TV tower. It's possible to visit its summit to enjoy a stunning view of the Alps.
Credit:Bjs, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
This is the historical heart of Munich: many monuments and buildings Are concentrated here and it's often the meeting place for all Munich residents. Marienplatz is acquainted with the imposing Town Hall and its neo-Gothic style. And what about its carillon, which seems several times each day and is guaranteed to captivate you?
Credit:Diliff, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Nothing similar to the one in Paris, however, this palace is a place to see. Recognizable with its bulbous domes, it may be located on Weinstrasse. The Theatinerkirche with its normal rococo facade can also be viewed on this street. Don't miss to find the Teufelstritt (the"Kick" or"Footprint" of the devil) in the palace. Legend has it that the devil himself entered this church and because he could not be seen (at least he thought he could)he believed he could do anything he wanted. However, a ray of sunlight entered through one of the windows and burnt him leaving a footprint on the ground.
Credit:Richard Hoare, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
It's surely the biggest food market in Munich, it has been around since The start of the 19th century. There's a huge backyard called a beer garden (Biergarten) that provides you the chance to quietly enjoy the surrounding air.
Credit:© Jorge Royan / http://www.royan.com.ar
This is Munich's "tavern", the place to be for beer and the best Sausage in town. You'll be welcomed in a large room (with a capacity of 1000 people) with a singular ceiling.
Credit:Bernardo Bellotto, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Schloss Nymphenburg, literally"Nymphenburg Castle", is the summertime residence of the Wittelsbach family. Allow at least half a day to walk around the fantastic, gigantic baroque construction. The design is a cheerful combination of Rococo, neo-classical and Baroque, with a beautiful gallery, a Chinese cabinet, and an English garden.
Credit:I, Rufus46, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
It's the most important museum complex that includes the older Pinacoteca, the new pinacoteca, and the contemporary pinacoteca, places entirely dedicated to modern art. Whether you love 14th century or contemporary painting, whether you would like to find European art of the 16th or 17th century or all of the artistic expressions and styles of the 20th century, whether, in architecture or painting, design or graphic arts, the Pinakotheken in Munich is the place to be.
Credit:Rufus46, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
For many art lovers, this is the municipal art gallery and it owes its Global popularity to its formidable collection of works of art that belonged to the artistic present called"The Blue Rider", establishing the basis of what we call abstract art. You are going to see imperial and relevant works by Kandinsky naturally, but also by Klee or Macke.
Credit:Michael Key, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
It's a vast esplanade That's surrounded by 3 very important Buildings, such as 2 museums' home imperial collections of antiquity. This square was made by the architect von Klenz. This square is famous for its concentration of museums but additionally, it marks the entry to the most attractive areas of the city of Munich. A magical place, tasty, somewhat bourgeois, and pleasant to go to.
Credit:bynyalcin, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Located north of the old city, this district (which takes its title From Maximilian of Bavaria) will suit all fans of old and beautiful books. It's the district of the bookshops but also of those clothing shops, picturesque cafés, and restaurants. It's not possible to overlook this Munich atmosphere!
Credit:Tore Sætre, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Perhaps You don't know it, however, Munich was also among the most Important movie studios in Europe. Today, a couple of TV series are still taken there, but many prestigious directors like Hitchcock, Orson Welles, and actresses such as Romy Schneider have regularly set foot on its soil.
Credit:Jiří Sedláček, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Car lovers, how do you not visit the museum devoted to the BMW brand?
The museum retraces the history of the car from its first Models to its prototypes, but in addition, it talks about current events, the effect of BMW in the automotive world, and its connection with ecology. The architecture of this building is actually worth a visit, especially with its futuristic tower that doesn't leave one indifferent.
To unwind in the city setting, why not bask in this lovely English garden? It was laid out in the end of the 18th century and covers almost 400 hectares. Ideal for enjoying sports, resting in the grass, enjoying the casual atmosphere of this place while having a drink in one of the beer gardens of the park. Probably among the biggest parks in the world.
Credit:sandexx, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
It has been mentioned before but this occasion is of utmost Significance of living and feeling the Munich atmosphere. An enormous beer festival which brings around 6 million people in a really friendly, warm and family atmosphere. An opportunity to taste regional specialties but also to honor sauerkraut and roast chicken. The Oktoberfest takes place in the second half of September until the beginning of October.
Watch people surfing on the Eisbach Canal…
Visit Neuschwanstein Castle
Visit Dachau Concentration Camp, 17 km northwest of Munich.
Go to the Deutsches Museum (one of the biggest science and technology museums in the world)
Attend a Bayern Munich match or see the Allianz Arena
As mentioned previously, do not be afraid to rent a bicycle to ride around town.
15 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions & Things to Do…
The Top 10 Most Beautiful Cities In Germany
Tags: Munich
Abegail May 25, 2021
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Dr. Kawamura is a physician scientist. He had clinical training from Akita University in Japan and spent two years at Stanford University as a postdoctoral fellow working on ovarian physiology. He is now the Director of Reproduction and Fertility Center at St. Mariana University.
Dr. Ishizuka is a world-renowned expert on primary ovarian insufficiency, also known as premature ovarian failure. He was the Chairman of Ob/Gyn department in St. Mariana University, Japan and now heading the Rose Lady's Clinic at Kawasaki, Japan. He is also Professor Emertus of St. Mariana University.
Dr. Hsueh, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Stanford University Medical School, is an ovarian physiologist working on ovarian physiology for 40 years. He first designed the IVA procedure using mouse ovaries and then collaborated with Dr. Kawamura to demonstrate the feasibility of using IVA to activate human follicles.


We all love having a clean home, but sometimes it's easier said than done. Some items throughout your home can be difficult to clean, or you just may not know where to start.
To make it easier, we've put together a list of how to clean irregular surfaces in your home.
Once you've cleaned these items, you'll probably want the rest of your home clean, too. Why not hire the professionals to do it? Visit The Cleaning Authority today for a free online estimate.


text:
Kenyans heal devastated land with the power of mangroves
Malindi, Kenya | April 8, 2022, Friday @ 17:51 in World » GENERAL | By: AFP | Views: 1544
A photo taken 19 May 2007 shows fishermen returning from a fishing expedition near a mangrove at Gazi near in the Kenyan coastal town of Mombasa. Mangrove are an important breeding ground and habitat for fish, crustaceans and birds and vital in warding off coastal erosion even though in Kenya and the rest of Africa efforts to conserve and restore mangrove are minimal, which has seen some of Kenya's 54,000 hectares (133,380 acres) depleted with impunity mostly through industrial development and pollution which has caused havoc on important ecosystems and eradicated a buffer against typhoons and hurricanes. (AFP PHOTO/TONY KARUMBA)
Photo license Purchase photo
(AFP) - Along a riverbank scarred by logging, Joseph Mwandenge Mangi points out a solitary mangrove tree, a species once abundant in the forest where the mighty Sabaki River meets the sea.
"This is the last one. There are no more left," said the 42-year-old Kenyan, who grew up on the estuary and possesses a seemingly encyclopedic knowledge of its flora and fauna.
The surviving tree is a sombre reminder for local communities working to restore this critical ecosystem to health, and make amends for the plunder of the past.
For generations villagers living near the Sabaki estuary had relied on its natural bounty for lumber and firewood, fresh water, seafood, farming land, and plants for traditional medicine.
Sustainably nurtured, the coastal wetland is also a resilient ally in the face of a changing climate -- storing carbon, filtering water pollution, and protecting against extreme weather and rising sea levels.
But years of unchecked exploitation inflicted terrible damage on the mangroves, mudflats, freshwater pools and sandy dunes at the mouth of Kenya's second-longest river.
Mangrove wood -- harvested sustainably for centuries to build traditional Swahili homes -- was chopped down to feed construction in fast-growing coastal towns like nearby Malindi, a popular tourism hub.
Locals overfished the river, using mosquito nets that trapped even the smallest of sea life.
Fertile soils were uprooted and washed downstream into the Indian Ocean, further reducing fish in the Sabaki and killing coral reefs offshore.
"The landscape has changed. Back in the day, we used to have a huge forest with elephants and monkeys," said Francis Nyale, a 68-year-old village elder, standing among a clearing of gnarled mangrove stumps.
- Climate ally -
But one tree at a time, local villagers are bringing the estuary back to life.
Further down the Sabaki, where its brown waters meet the blue ocean, and swarms of migratory birds flock overhead, a team of volunteers plant mangrove saplings along the riverbank.
They've planted tens of thousands in recent years, reclaiming cleared land and aiding significant forest regrowth, said Francis Kagema, coast regional coordinator from conservation group Nature Kenya.
There are early signs that their efforts are paying off.
Crouched in a grove of older trees, Kagema spotted clusters of tiny green shoots bursting out of the dark soil -- evidence of natural regeneration, an ecosystem on the mend.
"The world is changing, a lot. But for the mangroves, their ability to bounce back... and colonise the areas they used to be in the past, is quite encouraging," he said.
These remarkable trees also deliver for the planet many times over -- mangroves can absorb five times more carbon than forests on land, and act as a barrier against storm surges and coastal erosion.
Protecting mangroves is 1,000 times cheaper per kilometre than building seawalls against ocean rises, according to the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), which sponsors the Sabaki restoration project.
"Healthy wetlands –- critical for climate mitigation, adaptation, biodiversity, and human health and prosperity –- punch above their weight in terms of benefits," said Leticia Carvalho, UNEP's principal coordinator for marine and freshwater.
- 'Our trees, our heritage' -
For local communities, there are economic benefits in rehabilitating nature.
UNEP estimates that a single hectare of mangrove forest can deliver anywhere between $33,000 and $57,000 per year economically.
In Sabaki, local guides are supplementing their income by leading visitors and school groups to see the hippos and birdlife that call the estuary home.
Work is under way to improve tourist facilities, expand traditional beekeeping in the forest, and open a nursery for plant saplings.
Convincing the Sabaki's four villages that there is value in conservation requires careful diplomacy and a local touch, said Mangi, who leads a community group restoring the estuary.
They are working with fishermen to abandon unsustainable practices, and volunteer rangers who catch loggers in the estuary handle offences in-house to keep everyone on side.
"We don't take them to the police. We talk to them. We want them to understand that please, there is something good in these trees (rather) than cutting," said Mangi.
Jared Bosire, from the Nairobi Convention, a regional environmental partnership for the Western Indian Ocean, said the Sabaki community was demonstrating how local approaches to conservation could prove mutually advantageous.
"The hope is there will be lessons learned that could be replicated in other areas," said Bosire, the Convention's project manager.
More than 80 percent of mangroves have already been lost along western parts of the Indian Ocean.
For Mangi, there would be no community without them: "If we don't have these trees, we lose our heritage."
Tags: environment, climate, Kenya
World » General | 6 hours ago
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World » General | January 27, 2023, Friday @15:25
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World » General | January 26, 2023, Thursday @12:34
Pope Francis heads to war-torn DR Congo and South Sudan
New Zealand's new PM known for his candour and poor dress sense
World » General | January 25, 2023, Wednesday @13:53
Climate change increases human trafficking risks: UN
World » General | January 24, 2023, Tuesday @18:46
Kenya seeks inclusion in 2023 Africa Cup of Nations
World » Africa |
Crunch UN biodiversity meeting seeks to save 'planet in crisis'
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text:
Siasat.com/News/India/Congress seeks answers from PM on border developments
Congress seeks answers from PM on border developments
PTI| Posted by Neha | Updated: 7th January 2022 8:09 pm IST
Congress leader Rahul Gandhi (PTI)
New Delhi: The Congress Friday demanded answers from Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the developments at the country's borders, amid reports that China was constructing a bridge over the Pangong Tso lake in eastern Ladakh.
"What has been happening at our borders is a major lapse of national security. Will the PM ever talk about it? #PangongTso #China," Congress leader Rahul Gandhi said in a tweet.
Senior Congress leader and Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha Mallikarjun Kharge also said any other PM would be focused on serious national security lapses in Pangong Tso and Arunachal Pradesh.
"But for the first time in 70 years, a Prime Minister is worried about security threat from his own party workers," he said, sharing a video of purported BJP workers raising slogans next to the PM's car when he was held up on a flyover in Punjab's Ferozepur on January 5.
India Thursday asserted that a bridge being built by China across Pangong lake in eastern Ladakh is in an area that has been under that country's "illegal occupation" for around 60 years, and said it was taking all steps to ensure that the country's security interests are "fully protected".
On China building the bridge across the Pangong lake area, External Affairs Minister spokesperson Arindam Bagchi said India has been monitoring this activity "closely" and that it has never accepted such illegal occupation, in the country's first official comment on the matter.
"This bridge is being constructed in areas that have been under illegal occupation by China for around 60 years now. As you are well aware India has never accepted such illegal occupation," he had said.
Congress Narendra Modi Rahul Gandhi


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<title>Uses of Class org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.UDAggregate (apache-cassandra API)</title>
<meta name="date" content="2015-08-28">
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Uses of Class
org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.UDAggregate

Packages that use UDAggregate

Package
Description

org.apache.cassandra.config

org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions

org.apache.cassandra.schema

org.apache.cassandra.service

Uses of UDAggregate in org.apache.cassandra.config

Methods in org.apache.cassandra.config with parameters of type UDAggregate

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

void
Schema.addAggregate(UDAggregate udf)

void
Schema.dropAggregate(UDAggregate udf)

void
Schema.updateAggregate(UDAggregate udf)

Uses of UDAggregate in org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions

Methods in org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions that return UDAggregate

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

static UDAggregate
UDAggregate.create(FunctionName name,
      java.util.List<AbstractType<?>> argTypes,
      AbstractType<?> returnType,
      FunctionName stateFunc,
      FunctionName finalFunc,
      AbstractType<?> stateType,
      java.nio.ByteBuffer initcond)

static UDAggregate
UDAggregate.createBroken(FunctionName name,
            java.util.List<AbstractType<?>> argTypes,
            AbstractType<?> returnType,
            java.nio.ByteBuffer initcond,
            InvalidRequestException reason)

Uses of UDAggregate in org.apache.cassandra.schema

Methods in org.apache.cassandra.schema with parameters of type UDAggregate

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

static Mutation
LegacySchemaTables.makeCreateAggregateMutation(KSMetaData keyspace,
                           UDAggregate aggregate,
                           long timestamp)

static Mutation
LegacySchemaTables.makeDropAggregateMutation(KSMetaData keyspace,
                         UDAggregate aggregate,
                         long timestamp)

Uses of UDAggregate in org.apache.cassandra.service

Methods in org.apache.cassandra.service with parameters of type UDAggregate

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

static void
MigrationManager.announceAggregateDrop(UDAggregate udf,
                     boolean announceLocally)

static void
MigrationManager.announceNewAggregate(UDAggregate udf,
                    boolean announceLocally)

void
MigrationManager.notifyCreateAggregate(UDAggregate udf)

void
MigrationManager.notifyDropAggregate(UDAggregate udf)

void
MigrationManager.notifyUpdateAggregate(UDAggregate udf)

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These are the most difficult things I've learnt/am still learning.
1. There are always going to be people who are smarter, better looking, more sociable, and just all around "better" than you. In fact, you'll learn there are LOTS of people who fit that description. To be happy, then, you have to learn to accept yourself and your shortcomings.
2. Success does indeed come from hard work. Hard work without talent doesn't ensure success, but talent without hard work ensures mediocrity.
3. It's unlikely you'll become anything close to your wildest ambitions, simply because you'll learn everyone has big ambitions, and there's only so many slots in this world.
4. Idealism aside, money = opportunity and therefore matters. Relationships and power matter more.
5. Friendship isn't forever. Social and economic status does create divides and strains even the oldest relationships.
6. Your parent(s) basically gave up their freedom to raise you, and deserve a medal. You know this because with only one job on your plate, you already have no time.
7. Adult life is about learning to live with ambiguity. Remember when you thought you'd have it all sorted out by 30? No. Whether it be your career, your relationships or your beliefs, you will always question whether you are making the right choices and will have to deal with regret.
I'm sure there's more, but that's all I've got for now..


text:
Q: How to pop the navigator two pages back? I need to leave the current screen and navigate back to the second to last screen.
void leaveStatefulWidget3(){
  Navigator.pop(context);
}

// StatefulWidget 2...

// StatefulWidget 3 {....}
// the current one (where the navigator is now)

My app has navigated from the first screen to 2, and then to 3.
I need to leave or Navigator.pop(context) the  StatefulWidget 3 to  stateFull 1.
NOTE : I have complete access to my leaveStatefulWidget3() method from StatefulWidget 3, but don't know how to specify the route to use Navigator.pop(context) in leaveStatefulWidget3().
When I use Navigator.pop(context) directly from the first widget it leaves stateFull 1.

A: just use Navigator.pop(context) twice

A: You could easily use 'popUntil' with 'pushNamed'
Add the route settings with route names when pushing,
like this.
 Navigator.pushNamed(context, < StatefulWidget name >);

Then, at the recent widget ( in your case, its stateful_widget 3 )
Navigator.popUntil(context, ModalRoute.withName("/"));

*Here you can use widget name or '/'
*'/' will bring you back to the startup widget
Or , if this is always from certain widget to very first one
You could directly use
Navigator.of(context).popUntil((route) => route.isFirst);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Base ten decimal number -19.382 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard
How to convert the decimal number -19.382(10)
1. We start with the positive version of the number:
|-19.382| = 19.382
2. First, convert to binary (base 2) the integer part: 19. Divide the number repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
19(10) =
4. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.382. Multiply it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
1) 0.382 × 2 = 0 + 0.764;
10) 0.584 × 2 = 1 + 0.168;
We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...)
5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:
0.382(10) =
0.0110 0001 1100 1010 1100 0000 1000 0011 0001 0010 0110 1110 1001 0(2)
Positive number before normalization:
19.382(10) =
1 0011.0110 0001 1100 1010 1100 0000 1000 0011 0001 0010 0110 1110 1001 0(2)
6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:
Mantissa (not normalized): 1.0011 0110 0001 1100 1010 1100 0000 1000 0011 0001 0010 0110 1110 1001 0
4 + 2(11-1) - 1 =
(4 + 1 023)(10) =
1. 0011 0110 0001 1100 1010 1100 0000 1000 0011 0001 0010 0110 1110 1 0010 =
1 (a negative number)
Number -19.382, a decimal, converted from decimal system (base 10)
-19.382(10) =
-19.382 = 1 - 100 0000 0011 - 0011 0110 0001 1100 1010 1100 0000 1000 0011 0001 0010 0110 1110 Jul 17 22:26 UTC (GMT)
13.125 = 0 - 100 0000 0010 - 1010 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Jul 17 22:26 UTC (GMT)
-0.139 = 1 - 011 1111 1100 - 0001 1100 1010 1100 0000 1000 0011 0001 0010 0110 1110 1001 0111 Jul 17 22:25 UTC (GMT)
-107 = 1 - 100 0000 0101 - 1010 1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Jul 17 22:25 UTC (GMT)


That's what my Dad always told me	on the ballot	they should always have a third choice	like none of the above	then if enough people picked that	they'd have to get new candidates.
That's the most important thing to me - that if I'm gonna spend however long it takes to make a movie	give up 14 hours a day for however many weeks or months	then it's very important for me to know that I'm working with people who I respect and enjoy and that we're going for something together.
I've always been at war with myself	for right or wrong.


text:
Boston celebrates suspect's capture
Boston residents rejoiced Friday night amid the news that the Boston Marathon suspect who had triggered a city-wide manhunt was finally in custody.
By KOURTNEY GEERS
A police officer and crowd react to news of the arrest of one of the Boston Marathon bombing suspects, Friday, April 19.
Hundreds of Northeastern University students gather in Hemenway Street to celebrate the capture of suspected Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev in Boston April 19.
Joseph Eli Libby, 20, of Boston, carries a flag near a makeshift memorial on Boylston Street, near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, Friday, April 19.
Members of the public cheer as police officers leave the scene where Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the surviving suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, was taken into custody, April 19.
A line forms to shake the hand of officer Raymond Coldero (right) as a crowd reacts to news of the arrest of one of the Boston Marathon bombing suspects during a celebration at Boston Common, Friday, April 19.
A crowd reacts to news of the arrest of one of the Boston Marathon bombing suspects during a celebration at Boston Common, Friday, April 19, in Boston.
Frank McGillin, who has ran three Boston Marathons, waves a U.S. flag as a crowd reacts to news of the arrest of one of the Boston Marathon bombing suspects during a celebration at Boston Common, Friday, April 19.
Frank McGillin (right) who has ran three Boston Marathons, and his wife, Peggy, pose for a photograph as a crowd reacts to news of the arrest of one of the Boston Marathon bombing suspects during a celebration at Boston Common, Friday, April 19.
Neighborhood residents cheer to news that police have captured Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the surviving suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, in Watertown, Mass., April 19.
Residents stand on their stoops to cheer for law enforcement officials after the capture of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the surviving suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, in Watertown, Massachusetts April 19.
Police officers and SWAT team members greet each other after a police assault on a house on Franklin Street in Watertown, Mass., April 19.
Law enforcement officials are seen in front of 67 Franklin St after the capture of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the surviving suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings.
Members of the public cheer as police officers leave the scene where Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the surviving suspect in the bombings, was taken into custody.
People wave U.S. flags while cheering as police drive down Arlington street in Watertown, Mass., April 19.
Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick speaks during a news conference announcing the capture of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the second suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing.
Police officers smile to fellow officers as they leave the scene after the arrest of a suspect of the Boston Marathon bombings in Watertown, Mass., April 19.
Taylor Richard (center) of Belmont, Mass., and Alyssa Kohler, 17, of Cambridge, Mass., wrap themselves in the American Flag in Watertown, Mass., April 19.
A gathering of people including the media gather around a police officer as he leaves the scene after the arrest of a suspect of the Boston Marathon bombings in Watertown, Mass., April 19.


text:
Q: How to get number of possible items of an Enum? Is there a builtin way to get the number of items of an Enum with something like Myenum.length,
Or do I have to implement myself a function int size() hardcording the number of element?

A: Yes you can use the Enum.values() method to get an array of Enum values then use the length property.
public class Main {
    enum WORKDAYS { Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday; }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(WORKDAYS.values().length);
        // prints 5
    }
}

http://ideone.com/zMB6pG

A: To avoid calling values() method each time:
public class EnumTest {

    enum WORKDAYS {
       Monday,
       Tuesday,
       Wednesday,
       Thursday,
       Friday;

       public static final int size;
       static {
          size = values().length;
       }
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      System.out.println(WORKDAYS.size); // 5
   }
}

A: The enum.values() method is added by the Java complier and is not mentioned in the APIs.
Where is the documentation for the values() method of Enum?

A: MyEnum.values() returns the enum constants as an array.
So you can use:
int size = MyEnum.values().length

A: You can get the length by using Myenum.values().length
The Enum.values() returns an array of all the enum constants. You can use the length variable of this array to get the number of enum constants.
Assuming you have the following enum:
public enum Color
{
    BLACK,WHITE,BLUE,GREEN,RED
}

The following statement will assign 5 to size:
int size = Color.values().length;

A: I searched for a Kotlin answer and this question popped up. So, here is my answer.
enum class MyEnum { RED, GREEN, BLUE }
MyEnum.values().size // 3

This is another way to do it:
inline fun <reified T : Enum<T>> sizeOf() = enumValues<T>().size
sizeOf<MyEnum>() // 3

Thanks to Miha_x64 for this answer.


Among female-specific malignancies worldwide, ovarian malignancy may be the leading reason behind loss of life from gynecologic malignancy under western culture. lifetime dangers of ovarian malignancy are 54 and NSC 131463 23% for and mutation service providers, respectively . PARP inhibitors in mutation service providers specifically exploit the idea of artificial lethality by merging base excision restoration inhibition using a faulty HR DNA fix pathway . Therefore, BRCA tumors are especially vunerable to PARP and provide a promising method of targeted therapy. Scientific trials in repeated ovarian cancers have confirmed single-agent activity of PARP inhibitors [47C49]. The initial Stage I trial of olaparib was examined in sufferers with mutations and was well-tolerated with quality 2 toxicities of nausea, throwing up and exhaustion . Pharmacodynamic research demonstrated significant PARP1 inhibition in tumor tissue at a dosage degree of 100 mg daily and higher . Continue, three randomized Stage II studies incorporating olaparib monotherapy have already been reported [49C51]. In the initial, females with repeated, BRCA-deficient epithelial ovarian cancers had been randomized between olaparib at 200 mg double daily, olaparib at 400 mg double daily, and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) . Preliminary results present a median PFS of 6.5, 8.8 and 7.1 months, respectively. The best price of response is at the high-dose olaparib group at 31%. In another Stage II trial, olaparib at 400 mg double daily was weighed against placebo inside a cohort of ladies with repeated serous epithelial ovarian malignancy as maintenance therapy after total response to platinum therapy . The analysis demonstrated olaparib maintenance therapy considerably prolonged PFS weighed against placebo NSC 131463 in individuals with gene mutation reported a reply price (RR) of 80% with PFS of 1 . 5 years . Compared, for individuals who received just olaparib, RR was 48% with PFS of 9 weeks. Notably, although unwanted effects were more prevalent for women acquiring the mixture therapy, these were workable with reduced amount of treatment dosages. Several Stage II and III tests are currently analyzing olaparib in conjunction with chemotherapy [54C56]. PARP inhibition in conjunction with DNA-damaging providers may improve the ramifications of chemotherapy and possibly delay treatment level of resistance . A recently available Stage II trial shown olaparib together with paclitaxel and carboplatin accompanied by maintenance monotherapy considerably improved PFS weighed against paclitaxel and carboplatin only . The best clinical advantage was observed in ovarian malignancy. Additional PARP inhibitors including veliparib and rucaparib show similar effectiveness in ovarian malignancy individuals. Desk 2. PARP inhibitors in ovarian malignancy. mutationNeutropenia, lekopenia, anemiamutations is definitely available, there presently is definitely no validated biomarker for HR-deficient ovarian malignancy predictive of response to PARP inhibition . The medical advantage of PARP inhibitors may possibly not be limited by NSC 131463 germline mutation providers but a wider band of sufferers with Rabbit Polyclonal to Actin-pan BRCA dysfunction . It really is vital to develop suitable companion diagnostic exams to enable individual selection and recognize dependable biomarkers for accurate prognosis of targeted therapies. Using the developing availability and range of multiplex-gene examining and substantial parallel sequencing, sufferers with mutations in HR-related genes are getting identified and could be ideal PARP inhibitor applicants. Furthermore to complications in identifying suitable patient candidates, a couple of sufferers with HR-deficient tumors who usually do not react or develop level of resistance to PARP inhibition . This suggests tumors can possess both and obtained level of resistance to PARP inhibition . Provided the multiplicity of aberrant pathways involved with ovarian cancers, it is improbable inhibition of an individual cascade will end up being sustainable. For instance, a couple of data to claim that contact with DNA damaging agencies network marketing leads to re-expression of by hereditary reversion . This causes a incomplete recovery of HR-mediated DNA fix and makes cells less delicate to PARP inhibition . Another system of resistance consists of increased appearance of multidrug resistant (Mdr1a/b) genes which encode the medication efflux transporter P-glycoprotein . Elevated appearance of this focus on results in the necessity for increasing medication concentrations necessary for effective inhibition. Furthermore, tumors could also adjust to evade blockade of angiogenesis by VEGF inhibitors through upregulation of proangiogenic indicators, such as for example matrix metalloproteinase and SDF-1 . Furthermore, distinctions between different PARP and VEGF inhibitors possess yet to become fully described. Multiple PARP inhibitors seem to be energetic in epithelial ovarian cancers in Stage II and III tests. However, there.


At the time New Jersey established a ban on fracking, it seemed symbolic, much like the moratorium in Vermont, which has no economically recoverable natural gas; the Marcellus Shale, primarily in New York and Pennsylvania, doesn't extend into New Jersey.
At long last Britain is discussing and objecting to fracking – or we would be if the general public had access to accurate information. As it is, Prime Minister David Cameron is going all out to promote a country-wide embrace of shale gas.


text:
Home > TV SPECIALS > CILLA - TV MINI-SERIES ABOUT THE CAREER OF CILLA BLACK - DVD
CILLA - TV MINI-SERIES ABOUT THE CAREER OF CILLA BLACK - DVD
Cilla is a British drama television mini-series about the early career of Cilla Black. It was broadcast in three parts on ITV, and began on 15 September 2014 with Sheridan Smith playing the starring role!
Episode 1 (September 15, 2014)
In 1960s Liverpool, young Priscilla "Cilla" White is working as a typist, but frequently performs at Liverpool's famed Cavern Club, where she meets young singer-songwriter Bobby Willis. Mersey Beat, a local music publication, prints an article on Cilla in which she is mistakenly referred to as "Cilla Black". However, young Cilla likes the sound of it and decides to use if for her stage name. It is arranged for her to audition for the Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein. However, her voice wavers mid-performance, and she loses ground to her rival, Beryl Marsden. Episode 2 (September 22, 2014)
As Cilla's confidence returns, following her disastrous audition, Bobby urges her to give singing another go, and Brian Epstein gives Cilla another chance to audition by inviting her into the studio to record what would become her debut single, Love of the Loved. The song fails to break the Top 30, but Brian then insists that Cilla change direction and take a gamble on a cover of a Dionne Warwick ballad entitled Anyone Who Had a Heart. The gamble pays off and Anyone Who Had a Heart shoots straight to the top of the charts.
Cilla follows up Anyone Who Had a Heart with a second consecutive number one, You're My World. However, she fails in her subsequent bid to crack the American market and tempers flare in her blossoming relationship with Bobby. Meanwhile, Brian Epstein's life is unravelling as the Beatles start to drift apart and Epstein, a closeted homosexual, wrestles with his inner demons which include a dependency on sleeping pills. One evening, Cilla and Bobby are out enjoying a meal when Bobby takes a phone call and tells Cilla that Brian has been found dead. By his bed, the police found a contract from the BBC for Cilla to star in her own TV series, which she signs. The epilogue states that Bobby became Cilla's manager, a role he would play for the rest of his life, and we also see a photo of the real Cilla and Bobby on their wedding day in 1969.


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"Nero Wolfe is a fictional detective, created in 1934 by the American mystery writer Rex Stout. Wolfe's confidential assistant Archie Goodwin narrates the cases of the overweight detective genius. In total, Stout wrote 33 novels and 39 short stories from 1934 to 1974, with most of them set in New York City. Wolfe's residence, a luxurious brownstone on West 35th Street, features prominently in the series. Many radio, television and film adaptations were made from Stout's stories. Nero Wolfe first appeared on radio July 5, 1943 in a short-lived NBC series starring Santos Ortega as Wolfe with Luis Van Rooten as Archie. The second series aired during 1945 on the Mutual network starred Francis X. Bushman with Elliott Lewis as Archie. The third, and most successful incarnation came to radio in 1950. It starred Sydney Greenstreet as Wolfe with the part of Archie voiced by several actors including Lawrence Dobkin, Gerald Mohr and Harry Bartell. Nero Wolfe was an armchair detective who rarely left the house. Archie Goodwin, would collect the facts and report back. Wolfe would probably not have taken on many cases had he not needed his client's money to pay for his two true passions: fine food and the collecting of orchids. Enjoy 12 of the finest radio episodes of Nero Wolfe, starring Sydney Greenstreet, who is perhaps best known for playing Kasper Gutman, the villain opposite Humphrey Bogart (Sam Spade) in the film The Maltese Falcon. 10/27/50 The Case of the Careworn Cuff 11/3/50 The Case of the Dear Dead Lady 1/26/51 The Case of the Phantom Fingers 2/2/51 The Case of the Vanishing Shells 2/16/51 The Case of the Party for Death 3/2/51 The Case of the Hasty Will 3/9/51 The Case of the Disappearing Diamonds 3/16/51 The Case of the Midnight Ride 3/23/51 The Case of the Final Page 3/30/51 The Case of the Tell Tale Ribbon 4/16/51 A Slight Case of Perjury 4/20/51 The Case of the Lost Heir"


text:
Shall We Gather at the River
Author(s): Peter Murphy
Fiction | No Category
Shall We Gather At The River tells the story of Enoch O'Reilly, the great flood that afflicts his small town, and the rash of mysterious suicides that accompany it. Charlatan, Presleyite and local radiovangelist, O'Reilly is a man haunted by the childhood ghosts of his father's sinister radio set...a false prophet destined for a terrible consummation with that old, evil river. A suicide mystery and a rich patchwork narrative of legend, myth, occult inheritance, eco-conspiracy, viral obsession, airwaves, water and death, Shall We Gather At The River is a spellbinding piece of work, marked by prose that is by turns haunting, poetic and blackly humourous. With shades of Flannery O'Connor's Wise Blood, Jeffrey Eugenides' The Virgin Suicides, of Twin Peaks and Wisconsin Death Trip, Shall We Gather At The River is a novel that will further cement Murphy's reputation as one of the most original and exciting novelists to emerge in recent years.
A small town, a river, a flood. Winter 1984. Over a period of fourteen days, nine souls enter the water...
At its best, the book operates almost like a collection of linked short stories, and there are sections that stand alone as absorbing performances in their own right. The prose is both evocative and slippery, characterised by a kind of evasive bombas ... the effect of the book is, quite appropriately, like that of listening to a shortwave radio being flicked up and down the frequencies ... there are enough moments of poignancy and lyrical force to make tuning in a worthwhile endeavour. -- Mark O'Connell Sunday Business Post Murphy's rural Ireland feels thrillingly unpredictable, if not downright malevolent ... Murphy rightly eschews easy answers when it comes to explaining the tragedy and, at its best, his prose is as eerily hypnotic as the river of the book's title. -- Daragh Reddin Metro This tale, full of foreboding, is delivered through chapters of prose, journal entries, news reports, radio broadcasts and interviews. Add a moody mix of Irish folklore, myth, superstition, sensationalism and religious hysteria with a subtle and affecting use of language, and you have a strange and engaging novel that can easily be read in one sitting. We Love This Book Perhaps the thing that stops this from being a dull novel about the horrors of fate is that it isfunny. Ornate, even grotesque, comic episodes are a significant part of its charm ... Murphy moves into and out of various characters' voices with ease and grace ... wonderful portrayals of how we try to re-narrate ourselves and our lives, even if our new stories don't last long enough. -- Aime Williams Spectator The myth and mist-soaked cloth of his work is woven through with a distinctly gothic rhythm and rhyme, a tautness of telling and ear for phrase. Shall We Gather at the River? - the title comes from a Victorian hymn - grabs you with this cocktail on the very first page and doesn't let go until the wild ride is over... a pummeling, relentless prose-track of fire, brimstone, black comedy and rock'n'roll. Caught by the River Peter Murphy can write like an angel. Well, like a bad angel - a clarification he'd probably prefer. His gaze is mischievous, and he delights in words and can nail things and people with incisive descriptions that can be startling or funny but are always lucid. He has a showman's zest for the flamboyant, the baroque, the subverted cliche and lyrical phrase. Echoes of other writers - Pat McCabe, Angela Carter, Flannery O'Connor, Samuel Beckett - reveal his good taste. And he has a gift that is much rarer in writers than it should be: a sense of rhythm, a feel for the way sentences follow each other to carry the reader with them. Murphy is also a musician, and it shows. -- Anne Haverty Irish Times We need more books like this, I thoroughly enjoyed this ... the Irish novel needs more of this type of book ... a triumph -- Declan Burke RTE 'Arena' His two startling novels, John the Revelator, and now the even more terse and unflinchingly all-consuming Shall We Gather at the River - the former suggestive in its title of the Book of Revelation, the second evocative of a stirring Christian anthem - are books of hyperbole, of thunderbolt, neither readily forgotten -- Tom Adair The Scotsman A ripping yarn ... Murphy rattles a genre's pots and pans with passion and poetry. -- Donal O'Donoghue RTE Guide [Murphy] writes well about the voodoo effect of music, and the way that songs and stories can invade our dreams ... his Southern Gothic style - a cross between Flannery O'Connor and Flann O'Brien - is peculiarly well suited to depicting the small-town madness of 1980s Ireland ... an ambitious eco-fantasy by a talented stylist. -- Keith Hopper Times Literary Supplement Beautifully wrought prose ... Murphy has created a haunting fable about death and the sins of the father, that will live on in your memory. -- Stav Sherez Catholic Herald 'Murphy is a writer with a wicked imagination. His highly stylised brand of gothic prose serves up a treat of gruesome, eschatological images that are equally disturbing and amusing simultaneously.' -- JP O'Malley Sunday Independent
Peter Murphy's 2009 novelJohn the Revelatorwas one of the most acclaimed Irish debuts of recent years, hailed as 'an absolutely wonderful novel' by Colm Toibin and 'a brilliant book' by Neil Jordan, it was shorltisted for both the Costa First Novel Award and the Kerry Group Prize for Fiction. He is also a freelance journalist and reporter for RTE's arts review showThe Works. mrpetermurphy.com / facebook.com/mrpetermurphy
Publisher : Faber & Faber
Imprint : Faber & Faber Fiction
Author : Peter Murphy


text:
Openfit / Nutrition / Vitamins and Supplements
23 of the Best Vitamin K Foods
By Brittany Risher • Feb 12, 2020
Some nutrients and foods get all the attention. We continue to hear about the importance of protein in our diets, we devour oranges at the first sign of sniffles to sneak in extra vitamin C, and we've ridden the wave of the green juice, kale, avocado toast, and cauliflower fads. But what about the often under appreciated vitamin K foods?
Although this vitamin may not get as much time in the spotlight as others, vitamin K is an essential nutrient our body needs to perform many important functions. And many foods high in vitamin K also contain other valuable nutrients, so they're great to include in your diet overall.
But you may not know much about vitamin K foods off the top of your head, so first learn why it's important to consume this nutrient. Then use our vitamin K foods list below to be sure you're getting enough of your daily K.
What Is Vitamin K?
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that our bodies use for several important functions like blood clotting and keeping bones strong and healthy. Vitamin K actually refers to a family of compounds and includes vitamin K1 (called phylloquinone) and vitamin K2 (called menaquinones).
Vitamin K1 is found in leafy green vegetables and is our primary source of dietary vitamin K. "It makes up about 80 to 90 percent of the vitamin K we consume," says Lisa Young, PhD, RDN.
Then there's Vitamin K2. "This is found in small amounts in animal-based and fermented foods, but is mainly bacterial and is produced by bacteria in the gut," says Krista Maguire, RD, CSSD, and nutrition manager at Openfit.
How much vitamin K should you have daily?
According to the National Institutes of Health, adults should aim to consume 120 micrograms (mcg) of vitamin K each day, based on a 2,000-calorie diet.
What Are the Benefits of Vitamin K?
Vitamin K helps clot blood, and some research suggests that vitamin K supports bone health. According to a 2017 review in the Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, supplementing with K2 (along with vitamin D and calcium) may improve bone quality, therefore reducing the risk of bone fractures. Then a small meta analysis published in Medicine in 2017 also found that consuming higher levels of vitamin K from foods may reduce the risk of fractures. However, the research on bone health and vitamin K overall is inconsistent, and more data is needed for conclusive results.
Vitamin K Foods You Should Add Into Your Diet
The best source of vitamin K1 is leafy green vegetables, while the best source of vitamin K2 is animal foods such as meat and cheese. However, these are not the only vitamin K-rich foods. Here are some other foods high in vitamin K, according to the USDA National Nutrient Database for phylloquinone and Menaquinone-4.
Food Portion Vitamin K1
Collard greens 1 cup, chopped and cooked 773 mcg K1
Swiss chard 1 cup, chopped and cooked 573 mcg K1
Turnip greens 1 cup, chopped and cooked 529 mcg K1
Spinach 1 cup, raw 145 mcg K1
Kale 1 cup loosely packed 1-inch pieces, raw 113 mcg K1
Broccoli ½ cup, chopped and cooked 110 mcg K1
Soybeans 1 cup, roasted 87 mcg K1
Cabbage ½ cup, shredded and cooked 82 mcg K1
Green beans 1 cup, cooked 60 mcg K1
Romaine lettuce 1 cup, shredded 48 mcg K1
Avocado 1 cup, pureed 48 mcg K1
Asparagus ½ cup, cooked 46 mcg K1
Edamame 1 cup frozen, cooked 41 mcg K1
Green peas 1 cup cooked 41 mcg K1
Pumpkin puree 1 cup, canned 39 mcg K1
Carrot juice 1 cup 37 mcg K1
Okra ½ cup, cooked slices 32 mcg K1
Blueberries 1 cup 29 mcg K1
Chicken breast 3 ounces grilled, meat only 9 mcg K2
Cheddar cheese 1/4 cup, diced 3 mcg K2
Swiss cheese 1/4 cup, diced 2 mcg K2
Milk, whole 1 cup 2 mcg K2
Ham 3 ounces, pan-broiled 2 mcg K2
Symptoms of Vitamin K Deficiency
The symptoms of low vitamin K include hemorrhage, bruising, and excessive bleeding. However, because vitamin K deficiency is rare, these side effects typically only happen in severe deficiencies. Groups who are at the highest risk of low vitamin K are infants who don't receive a vitamin K injection at birth and those with gastrointestinal disorders (such as celiac disease and ulcerative colitis) who don't absorb vitamin K well.
Vitamin K Precautions
Although we do need vitamin K in our diets, certain medications can negatively interact with vitamin K. In particular, it can have serious interactions with blood thinners and anticoagulants. "Since vitamin K helps clot blood, it would be considered an antagonist to these prescription medications that are taken to prevent blood clots," explains Maguire. If you take these medications, talk to your doctor and try to keep your dietary intake of vitamin K consistent.
Also talk to your healthcare provider if you take bile acid sequestrants to lower cholesterol levels or the weight-loss drug Orlistat, as both have been shown to reduce absorption of vitamin K. Lastly, antibiotics can destroy good bacteria that make vitamin K2 in your gut, however, you should be okay as long as you aren't on the antibiotics for longer than several weeks. When in doubt, check with your doctor!
About Brittany Risher
Brittany Risher is an accomplished content strategist, editor, and writer specializing in health, mental health, and mindfulness content. After earning her bachelor's and master's degrees in journalism from Northwestern University, she worked at Men's Health, Prevention, Women's Health, Shape, and Greatist before going freelance three years ago. Today she works with brands and publications, helping them create content that engages their audience and builds brand loyalty. Considered a "Swiss Army knife for content," Brittany helps with all things content, from editorial strategy and project management to editing and writing. Her clients include Sonima, Men's Health, Women's Health, SELF, Elemental, ZocDoc, Yoga Journal, Everyday Health, My Fitness Pal, and Centennial Media. Follow her on Twitter.
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The creation of the world has stopped many times in Argentina in order to build marvelous places. Mariposita sinthesize these places recreating them in each of its rooms.
There are 6 theme rooms of different sizes, suites and executives. Each room is specially decorated recreating the diverse geographical regions of Argentina. Bright and functional, each room has a private bathroom, twin/double spring beds, pillow menu, safety box, dual A/C, telephone for local calls in/out, Internet, WIFI, hairdryer, amenities.