It is becoming more and more popular for urban and suburban folks to keep chickens at home. Aside from producing eggs, they will accomplish some bug control, and generate a great fertilizer for your lawn or garden, among other things. The folks who keep chickens swear that "farm-fresh" eggs are superior, but they also talk about something fun for their kids to be involved in, and some folks are hobbyists who want to breed unusual, even exotic breeds of chickens or poultry. They can be pets who happen to provide fresh eggs, or poultry raised for consumption, or decorative additions to the back yard.
There are dozens of websites, blogs, and articles across the Internet that discuss keeping and how to raise chickens in urban or suburban settings. However, there is a one important consideration that many folks don't give any attention. Specifically, one of the last things people consider is how local laws and HOA rules intersect with raising poultry at home. And it may surprise you to find out just how many issues can come up! Homeowner association problems arise when a person does not know their HOA rights with regard to raising chickens.
To begin with, let's take a quick look at what raising backyard chickens involves in terms of supplies and equipment. Some different things will be needed, depending on whether you want to hatch eggs and raise chicks, buy very young chicks, or acquire "pullets" (chickens nearing maturity, but not yet laying eggs,) or even mature, laying hens. For our purposes, we will deal with maintaining adult chickens, as there are many places--from your local feed store to Google--where information on raising chicks, etc., can be found.
That list may is not exhaustive, but it is fairly complete regarding the basics. What is notable is that EACH of these may raise HOA issues with local laws and HOA regulations. Let's have a look at each one.
Most municipalities have some regulations regarding keeping chickens at home. A Colorado HOA attorney will be up-to-spped on these regulations. The most common regulation: Keeping chickens is not permitted! However, if chickens are allowed, then generally there are restrictions on how many chickens someone can have at a time.
Next, if chickens are permitted then some municipalities may require a permit. Generally only a few chickens are allowed even with the most basic permit. Unfortunately, even if municipal ordinances allow chickens, some folks don't think to also check their Home Owners' Association (HOA) rules or By-Laws to avoid problems with HOA! This is usually where people run "a-fowl" and incur the wrath of their HOA. It is not unusual for the By-Laws or HOA rules to be much more restrictive when raising chickens is concerned. While towns and municipalities are modifying local laws and regulations allowing chickens, HOA's are just now coming to grips with this newest "Urban Trend."
Remember HOA rules and By-Laws were often written long ago by developers who built the local neighborhoods--when times or trends were much different than today--the focus then being upon urban rather that rural. As a result the HOA rules and By-Laws that were written by a Colorado homeowners association attorney often incorporated broad and/or general prohibitive language. For example, if the HOA just prohibits "live stock" on the properties, can an argument be made that chickens are not livestock? The word, "livestock," typically refers to domesticated animals like cows, horses, sheep, or goats. Chickens are poultry, but are they livestock?
However, the more important question is whether your HOA will take a dim view of keeping chickens at home. It is certainly worth taking a close look at your HOA documents before getting chickens and building the hen house. Keep in mind HOA rules and By-Laws generally overrule municipal ordinances or regulations when it comes to keeping chickens. Once more thing: chickens can be noisy, and with more chickens comes more noise! Don't think that you can hide your chickens from your neighbors because they won't go unnoticed for very long!
Chickens will require a structure that protects them from harsh weather as well as predators, like hawks, coyotes, or other animals. Typically, chickens are "locked in" to such a structure at night, to protect them.. The size of your hen house will be determined by how many birds you intend to keep. A general rule of thumb: one chicken requires around four square feet of space. Obviously, the more chickens you have, the larger the structure you will need. Keep in mind that there may a municipal ordinance that regulates the size of any outbuilding or unattached structure.
There are several considerations involved in building a hen house, such as making sure that it is easy to access, for cleaning and egg gathering, as well as making it sturdy and secure against predators (including, sometimes, the neighbors' dog or cat).
Your hen house can be another area where HOA rules can impact your endeavor. For example, many HOAs regulate where on the property such a structure can be placed, what colors it can be painted, as well as how large it can be. When the regulations were written, the authors may have had in mind structures like tool sheds, but the same rules may (or may not!) apply to a chicken coop or hen house. Be sure to look at your HOA regulations before you get too far down the path of making plans and buying materials, much less beginning construction. If you find the regulations are too strict, there may be loop-holes you can exploit. For example, the restrictions may apply to "fixed, permanent structures," which some circumvent by building a "movable" hen house. Here again, while you MAY circumvent the actual written rules, you should first consider how difficult or agreeable your HOA will be to housing chickens in your back yard from the beginning.
Once you have determined how large your hen house should be, there are many resources that will give you some ideas on what the actual construction should consist of, what materials are best suited for the job. Take all of these things into consideration after you have reviewed your HOA rules and By-Laws.
Your chickens won't be in the coop all the time. They will want to get out and scratch in the dirt and do other "chicken things." The space the birds use for this exercise is your chicken run.
Constructing the chicken run will depend a lot on your environment. Some folks create a large fenced area (including a wire-fence top, if there are air-born predators in the area, such as hawks and owls.) Other folks simply have a tall fence around their yard, and give the birds free run of their yard. This last can be a little tricky. Depending on the KIND of chickens you choose, you have to give serious consideration about the type of enclosure you choose. Remember---chickens can fly!
As a general rule, few issues with local laws and HOAs will interfere with your chicken run. Perhaps the most significant factor will be neighborhood dogs and cats that will see your chickens as legitimate prey. Many dogs find a fence to be only a minor inconvenience, and most house cats won't be constrained by a fence at all.
The issue here is simply this: You are unlikely to be happy with losing chickens to predators--or to neighborhood domestic pets. The first time your neighbor is asked to pony up for the cost of replacing a few hens or a vet bill, they might start searching the HOA rules and By-Laws for a reason that your chickens have to go. You may prevail in that argument, but how much time do you want to invest in having that argument at all? If you have a question, you can call me to consult.
The best solution? Build your chicken run not only to keep out natural predators, but to protect your chickens from neighborhood pets, Including, sometimes, even your own dogs and cats.
Food and water issues for your chickens are unlikely to be directly addressed by local law or your HOA regulations,. These issues are likely to fall under "nuisance" laws or "code violations." Issues like standing water which is not kept fresh can be a breeding ground for mosquitoes, or scattering feed which is not consumed by the chickens will attract rodents, and chicken waste can create an issue when your neighbor complains about unpleasant smells... These issues when allowed to go unaddresssed can become violations of either local laws or HOA regulations.
To be fair, the smell factor will depend on a several things. These things are, how many chickens do you have, how did you design your chicken coop/chicken run, and what is your cleaning schedule. Most important might be the number of chickens you keep. But chickens are live animals, and frankly, all live things create smells. On a farm, it is common to place the chicken house some small distance from the family home, and perhaps even taking into consideration the prevailing winds, and putting the chicken house down-wind. In a suburb, it is likely that down-wind to your home is directly UP-wind to someone else. And even if the regulations and local laws don't address this, you may not want the problems with your neighbors that creating a bad smell that blows to their home brings. It's something to consider.
As to the waste, chickens create a LOT of waste, considering the size of each animal. One solution for neighbor relations might be sharing that waste with your any neighbors. Chicken waste is high in nitrogen--which is good for plants! But the best solution might be either hauling off the waste periodically, or keeping few enough birds that it doesn't "mount up" too fast.
As an aside, there are other areas that may fall under "nuisance laws" as well, such as noise. Hens generally don't create a lot of early-morning noise, but as the day warms up, they will become more active and more noisy. Roosters, on the other hand, really do greet the sun with crowing every morning. And they can CROW and CROW and CROW! In a suburban setting, your neighbors will hear them. Each and every morning. Remember, being a quiet neighbor will foster good neighbor relations.
Healthcare issues are the one area where local regulations are unlikely to be a direct issue. However, there is a trend in favor of "animal rights" that has been gaining momentum for some time, and it's important to be aware of what that may mean for you.
Essentially, what it comes down to is terms that can be fairly fluid or open to interpretation. What exactly constitutes "neglect" or even "cruelty" to animals? That could be a subject of considerable debate, in the real world of animal husbandry, but most municipalities have laws and regulations regarding neglect and cruelty to animals. At what point you run "a-foul" of them (no pun intended) can be a case-by-case question, and sometimes the answer a court comes to on that will surprise you.
The best practice is, obviously, to have any sick chicken treated, or undertake treatment yourself if you are equipped and knowledgeable enough to do it. Sometimes that means euthanizing a chicken. The days of "waiting it out" to see if the chicken recovers are probably gone, and honestly, if the chicken appears to be in distress, it's best to make a decision about treatment or euthanasia sooner rather than later.
Which brings up one last issue that should be addressed. ARE you considering raising chickens for meat?
Some folks will never want to terminate a chicken, especially if they have kept it around for four or five years, and maybe named it, and collected eggs from it during the laying-period of its life. But after many years, sometimes you end up with a chicken that stops producing any eggs. What will you do with that chicken? Keep it "in retirement" for the rest of its life? Or, are your chickens food, and destined for the table from the time you start raising them?
Culling chickens from time to time may become an integral part of your overall management program. And that may create other issues you may want to consider. To begin with, many townships have regulations about humane slaughter of food animals. You should look in to these local laws. But beyond that, your neighbors may feel very strongly about how, or why, you choose to cull your flock. Again, this may never be a problem. Or... it might be. It's something to take into consideration at the beginning of the project, rather than after you have a neighbor who is suddenly dead-set against your chicken management practices. Backyard chickens and a homeowner association is not mutually exclusive if you take the time to make them compatible from the start. If not, you may be looking for a HOA attorney or HOA lawyer to help turn your dream of raising chickens into a reality.
Here's a short article by the CSU Extension Service on raising backyard chickens. You may also want to check out this article from HGTV regarding this topic.


Cut into slices, the two onions.
In a pan to melt a big spoon of honey along with a big spoon of balsamic vinegar.
When everything is melted and well blended, add the onions and cook slowly until the onions are well cooked (approximately 3/4 of an hour).
This quantity is enough for a lunch or dinner for 4 people and keeps well in a little jar for 2 weeks at least.


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Home Americas
US gives Turkey ultimatum on Russian missiles
TOPICS:Defence ManagementMiddle-EastMillitaryRussiaTurkeyUSA
Posted By: Michael Al-Said 19th June 2019
Turkey has been given a deadline of the end of July to choose between buying US fighter jets and Russian anti-aircraft missile systems
Acting US Defence Secretary Patrick Shanahan set out the ultimatum in a letter to his Turkish counterpart, Hulusi Akar.
Turkey, he said, could not have both America's F-35 advanced fighter jets and Russia's S-400 systems.
The two Nato allies have been locked in a row over the S-400 for months.
America argues that the Russian systems are both incompatible with Nato defence systems and pose a security threat, and wants Turkey to buy its Patriot anti-aircraft systems instead.
Turkey, which has been pursuing an increasingly independent defence policy, has signed up to buying 100 F-35s, and has invested heavily in the F-35 programme, with Turkish companies producing 937 of the plane's parts.
'Too late for Turkey to back out'
This issue appears to be a red line for both nations, Turkey and the US.
Speaking at the annual Globsec Security Forum here in Bratislava, Slovakia, Nato's new Supreme Allied Commander Europe, Gen Tod Wolters, said "we are not interested in sharing the capabilities of our F-35 with Russia".
Clearly, the Pentagon believes that if Turkey were to acquire both this state-of-the-art F-35 fighter and Russia's formidable S-400 missile defence system – then Russian technicians would be able to access the plane's vulnerabilities, putting US pilots at additional risk.
US, Turkish and Russian forces already operate in the same region in northern Syria.
But a senior Turkish diplomat – who asked not to be named – told me that Washington had raised no objections while Turkey was negotiating the deal with Russia, only after it was signed.
Now, he said, it was too late for Turkey to back out even if it wanted to.
When Turkey makes a deal, he said, it sticks to it.
What consequences does Turkey face?
Mr Shanahan says in his letter that the US is "disappointed" to hear that Turkish personnel have been sent to Russia to train on the S-400.
"Turkey will not receive the F-35 if Turkey takes delivery of the S-400," he writes. "You still have the option to change course on the S-400."
The letter includes a schedule for winding down Turkish participation in F-35 pilot training.
"We do not want to have the F-35 in close proximity to the S-400 over a period of time because of the ability to understand the profile of the F-35 on that particular piece of equipment," US under Secretary of Defence Ellen Lord told reporters.
The first four F-35s due to be delivered to Turkey have still not left the US, officially to allow Turkish pilots to train in them in America.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said on Tuesday his country was "determined" to proceed with the S-400 deal.
"Unfortunately we haven't received a positive proposal from the American side on the subject of Patriots like the S-400s from Russia," he said.
Turkey has the second-largest army in Nato, a 29-member military alliance set up to defend against what was at the time the Soviet Union.
The head of Russia's state defence conglomerate Rostec, Sergei Chemezov, was quoted as saying on Friday that Russia would start delivering the S-400 to Turkey in "about two months".
What is the S-400 system?
The S-400 "Triumf" is one of the most sophisticated surface-to-air missile systems in the world.
It has a range of 400km (250 miles), and one S-400 integrated system can shoot down up to 80 targets simultaneously.
Russia says it can hit aerial targets ranging from low-flying drones to aircraft flying at various altitudes and long-range missiles.
How does the S-400 work?
1. Long-range surveillance radar tracks objects and relays information to command vehicle, which assesses potential targets
2. Target is identified and command vehicle orders missile launch
3. Launch data are sent to the best placed launch vehicle and it releases surface-to-air missiles
4. Engagement radar helps guide missiles towards targe
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hi, I am khakionly. I had a car accident in 1995 which changed my life. I was 25, and am 46 now, so that'd be 21 years, right? In 4 years, I'll have been handicapped as long as I was not. I can walk slightly with a walker. Not fully, or long-term, but that day will come, I believe. I have a speech deficit and, while I can talk, I can rarely be understood. My memory has been… well, damaged is the ony description that is adequate. I remember things for about 5 minutes, which is an improvement. My long-term memory, memory before my accident, is decent.
It's great to meet you. There are plenty of people here who have had experiences similar to yours. You aren't alone. And if you have trouble speaking clearly, it certainly does not show in your keyboarding, because you are coming through loud and clear!
We're glad that you joined us, and we hope that you will be too.
Nice to meet your Karyn.
Hi Karyn and welcome. It sounds like you have a positive attitude, which is great!
My memory is shot too, so I can relate. I make lots of notes, both on paper and on my phone.
I still forget stuff, but its ok.
Hi Karyn, I love hearing that you continue to expect to walk more! My injuries date back almost ten years and I have now met at three TBI survivors who were in wheelchairs and are gradually going from wheelchairs to walking. One is actually even driving for two years now. One of these friends, a fellow by the name of Michael Coss, has several YouTube videos made about him and his words and his determination have been very inspirational for me and others.
Anyway, I wanted to say hi and wish you well. Cheers!
Hallo, Karyn! Welcome to our beautiful support network!


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text:
← Dear Diary, Part 3
The House That Grandpa Built
Posted on May 10, 2018 by Nikki Shields under All Things Family
The first image that came to mind when I was asked to write something for my grandfather's funeral was a dollhouse. I was puzzled initially – what does a dollhouse have to do with anything? How is a dollhouse going to help me speak in front of a bunch of people without sobbing?
But then it came to me – Grandpa Ron built a dollhouse for my 4th Christmas, a beautiful dollhouse, so big, so full of detail. It's in my parents' basement now, as it has been for thirty plus years, probably covered in layers of dust. It needs some repair work, a few updates, but this house is still one of a kind. It has two stories, nine rooms, and each room has wallpaper of a different print, carpet of a different color. Grandpa glued hundreds of tiny individual wood shingles on the roof and one side is hinged so that when opened a storage area or attic is revealed. There is a staircase that connects the top and bottom floors and it is a two-bathroom home. How many doll families do you know that can say they have two full baths? The sides of the house are painted red and over the paint, Grandpa drew thousands upon thousands of tiny perfectly shaped bricks with a pencil. Even as a child, the tediousness of this small detail was not lost on me. It must have taken hours.
Thinking about the toy that Grandpa Ron built for me, and specifically it's tiny hand drawn bricks, I understood why the dollhouse had popped into my head.
Grandpa Ron was a builder, a builder of things.
He built toys, cabinets, shelves, furniture, houses, additions, and buildings. My own children play every day with toys he built when I was little. The homes of my sisters, cousins, aunts, uncles, and parents, are filled with his beautiful custom wood work. You can't drive through the surrounding towns without seeing a house or structure that he helped to design, build, redesign, or rebuild. Each project he did was completed with attention to both quality and detail. He built with his hands, wood, and tools.
Grandpa Ron was a builder, a builder of community.
His work with youth organizations helped to build the character of many young people in this community. He designed and built with the help of others the church hall addition which made the church accessible to all and strengthened the presence of faith in our community. His long history of participation and leadership with boards, committees, and organizations equals many, many hours of service to others. He built a company with my dad, quite familiar to those who have had their AC go out in August or their furnace stop working in January. He headed the project to build the Veteran's Memorial at the local park, a tribute that now brings hundreds of community members together every year for Memorial Day. Grandpa Ron spent his life contributing to the betterment of this and several nearby communities. He built with hard work, his mind, and time.
Grandpa Ron was a builder, a builder of family.
He and Grandma Sara built a strong, loving family. Each of their children in turn built their own family and their children are now doing the same. Five children, fifteen grandchildren, and four plus great-grandchildren, not to mention all the lucky souls who have married into this circus. Despite the ever-increasing size of our family, Grandpa Ron was quietly present in all we did. He kept up with each of us and never missed an opportunity to let us know he was proud. In his words, "There's not a deadbeat in the bunch!" The most important thing he did in his life was to teach us, his family, to build too. First he showed us how to work hard. Then he taught us to use our hands, our minds, and our time as tools to build things, to build community, to build our own families. Like the thousands of tiny bricks he drew on the side of my dollhouse all those years ago, he put time and attention to detail into each member of his family. He built with pride, presence, and love.
Grandpa Ron and Nikki, Christmas 1984
This entry was tagged essay, eulogy, family, grandpa, grandparents, Grief, grief writing, inspiration, personal essay, Relationships. Bookmark the permalink.
12 thoughts on "The House That Grandpa Built"
What a wonderful story. You are lucky to have had him.
I agree and thank you! ❤
What a nice tribute to a special man.
Thank you! ❤❤
Gee Jen
He sounds marvellous. I am sorry for your loss
Diana Miles
You did great! I love your story and hope you made it through at the funeral. A great tribute.
❤❤ Thank you my friend!
Pingback: Sunday Share: Y2W20 | All In A Dad's Work
Thank you for the share!!
Eli Pacheco
Now that was beautiful. So glad I came here from Eric's blog. Isn't it awesome to consider that you're a legacy of a person like that? What an enduring gift to the world.
Thank you for your kind words! It is awesome to part of such a strong, hardworking family. Thanks for reading and following! ❤🤓


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Beatmania THE SOUND OF TOKYO! es un videojuego musical derivativo de beatmania exclusivo para consola. Fue estrenado en 2001 con solo trece canciones, todas licenciadas y sin aparición en otra entrega. Fue el último videojuego exclusivo para consola, y a partir de aquí, las versiones restantes solo serían contrapartes de juegos arcade.

Modo de juego
El jugador tiene dos modos de juego principales: Modo Open y Fixed. El modo "Open" permite al jugador elegir una canción para jugar hasta tres canciones por ronda y tiene tres modos de dificultad los cuales son, mientras que el modo "Fixed" es el equivalente al modo experto en las versiones lineales de beatmania. Se escogen Courses compuestos de cinco canciones, y se evita que la barra de energía se agote por completo hasta llegar al final.

Lista de canciones
Las siguientes tablas muestran las canciones introducidas en el juego:

Referencias

Videojuegos de 2001
Videojuegos de Konami
Videojuegos de Bemani
Videojuegos para PlayStation
Videojuegos de música
Videojuegos de beatmania
Videojuegos desarrollados en Japón

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Soorma Trailer Launch
The trailer of Soorma is out. The upcoming sports film, starring Diljit Dosanjh and Taapsee Pannu, is based on the life of Indian hockey team's former captain Sandeep Singh.
Sandeep was paralysed and used a wheelchair for two years after an accidental gunshot injured him in 2006. And fighting all odds, he got back on his feet and made a comeback to international hockey in 2008. It was under his captaincy that India won the 2009 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup and also qualified for the 2012 Olympics in London. Sandeep has also been hailed as one of the most dangerous drag-flickers of all time with drag speeds of over 145 km/hr which led to his nickname, 'Flicker Singh'.
Soorma is a biopic of ace hockey player and former Indian hockey captain Sandeep Singh. The film stars Diljit Sosanjh and Taapsee Pannu in the lead.
Varun Dhawan Launches Amish's Suheldev
Femina Miss India 2018 Bash
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Isha Ambani's Engagement Party
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Meet Student Of The Year 2 Star Ananya Panday
Sridevi's Final Journey, Stars Attends Funeral
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Varun Dhawan Launches Amish's Suheldev (8 images)
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Baba Siddiqui Iftar Party 2018 (22 images)
GQ 100 Best Dressed Party (16 images)
Bollywood Beauties At Cannes 2018 (16 images)
Inside Neha Dhupia Angad Bedi's Wedding (15 images)


I wonder what additional parts are.
Ok, can we get some official pictures please?
The US site says extra head only available on the site, but no pictures of it?
None that I saw. I pre-ordered through there anyways just to lock in one for myself. Can not miss Power Girl.


Two major facies are represented: one predominantly carbonate and the other with a higher proportion of non-carbonate clastics. The lower two-thirds of the former consists mainly of small and large reef bodies and reef detrital beds which can not easily be correlated regionally. The clastic sequence on the other hand offers an opportunity of regional faunal correlation in spite of detailed changes in facies.
The dolomitic siIts tones of the Ghost River formation lie below undoubted Devonian over much of the region and are of uncertain age. In the clastic sequence they are overlain in turn by dark, coarse-grained dolomites of the lower, and the black argillaceous limestones of the upper Flume formation; black calcareous and non-calcareous shales of the Perdrix formation; interbedded shales and limestones with some small algal and coral reefs of the Mount Hawk formation; silty and sandy dolomites, limestones, and mudstones of the Alexo formation; massive crystalline limestones and dolomites of the Morro member and thin-bedded dolomites, dolomitic breccias and cherty limestones of the Costigan member of the Palliser formation.
Seven rhynchonellid zones are recognized in this sequence, each with a characteristic fauna. Several are distinguishable in well cores from the plains to the east and most of them may be traced in the northern outcrop regions of the Mackenzie River basin. Of the zone fossils, two species and one subspecies are new and, with one additional rhynchonellid species, are described in the appendix.


AT&T U-Verse is a good TV provider with plenty of channels for channel surfers. How does it compare to Comcast Xfinity? Read our comparison chart below.
While Comcast Xfinity is a cable TV provider which lets you choose to have a contract or no contract. Xfinity TV offers a combination of normal and cloud DVR. You can record your shows into your DVR machine, as well as upload it to the cloud. This lets you watch your shows on the go, which is handy if you travel.
Compare AT&T U-Verse with Comcast Xfinity, side-by-side. Read on for an in-depth look, including ratings, reviews, pros and cons.
AT&T's U-Verse Total Home DVR can record up to 4 shows at once. Has 500GB storage space. Paired with receivers to connect up to 4 TV sets, with a total of 4 unique streams. Larger DVR unit with 6 unique streams and 1TB storage space available. Two types of DVR services: normal and cloud DVR. Normal DVR records up to 6 shows at once, and has 500GB storage capacity. Cloud DVR records up to 60 hours. You can download recordings to your device to watch offline.
$180 early termination fee per service, pro rated $15 per month. All equipments is leased and must be returned, unreturned equipment fees apply. All equipment must be returned within 30 days of termination. Unreturned equipment fees apply.
Standard professional installation included for up to 3 rooms. Additional installations cost extra. Standard professional installation fee of $60. Final bill generated after installation.
$5 discount if you sign up for autopay feature. Can be set up with bank account, credit/debit card. $5/month discount when signing up for Xfinity's Autopay and Eco-bill feature. Autopay can be set up with bank account, or debit/credit card.
Additional receiver ($10/month) HD DVR Box ($19.95/month), Additional cable box ($9.95/month).
Which is Better: AT&T U-Verse or Comcast Xfinity?
In short: AT&T U-Verse's selection is impressive. Comcast Xfinity's contract is outstanding.
The ondemand feature of comcast offers much more titles. Also the technology abd set up of direct tv seems outdated.
Verizon Fios Review: Is It Good?


text:
class MonitoringStatusDefaultToHttpMapping < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    change_column :atmosphere_http_mappings,
                  :monitoring_status, :string, default: "new"
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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We live in an age of overinflated celebrities. The other day, Benedict Cumberbatch demanded an audience with the Home Secretary to voice his views about immigration. The idea was gloriously skewered by Julia Hartley-Brewer of this parish; but it's a sign of the times that one couldn't actually guarantee that such a meeting wouldn't happen – the prospect of the Minister of the Crown kowtowing to the preening prince of the screen was sadly all too plausible.
So it is especially good that the Prime Minister has pre-emptively told Jamie Oliver and his overpaid, nannying chums to do one on their sugar tax campaign.
"A bunch of rocket-munching celebs feeling tremendously good about themselves because they've bossed the rest of us around."
Oliver grandly told the Health Select Committee that he had had "robust" discussions with the Prime Minister about his proposed introduction of a 20 per cent tax on sugar-sweetened drinks. Which, we can confidently say, would be the beginning of sugar taxes, not the end of it – because the state, he thinks, should "frankly, act like a parent" when it comes to such matters.
This tells us all we need to know. Paternalism is a rather literal word for it. They know what's best – not just for them, but for us. Not only do they know it; they want to force us all to share their choices, regardless of our own views.
It's an unpleasant campaign, because it is hugely patronising. We all know that sugar isn't good for us. From time to time, we choose to have it anyway. We eat sugary things because they taste good.
It's an unpleasant campaign, because – whilse they really don't like this point – those preaching over sugar are too rich to have to care about the price of food. The effect of sugar taxes would be to raise the price of food for those least able to afford it.
"If this bullying nonsense made it to the statute books, what have a stealth tax on those least able to afford it"
And it's a stupid campaign, because it won't work: we already have a sugar tax. It's called VAT. Most foods and drinks in the UK are exempt from VAT. However, sweets, chocolates, sports drinks, and soft drinks are standard-rated for VAT – so there's already effectively a 20 per cent sugar tax on sweets, chocolates and soft drinks. This is effectively a sugar tax, and despite it, obesity levels have not gone down.
If you want to do something about obesity, there's plenty you can do without a tax. Better nutritional labelling on products would be a first step. Some nutritional labels are confusing, and a more simplified labelling system could easily be introduced, and could be done so relatively quickly.
Encouraging children to do more exercise, particularly in the summer holidays, would be another good step. Sedentary lifestyles are a key reason why obesity levels have risen in recent years. Exercise is key to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Good amounts of physical activity can help prevent heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and other health conditions. In case this is too cryptic: get off your bum and do some exercise.
So, three cheers for the PM. Because, if this bullying nonsense made it to the statute books, what we'd be left with is a stealth tax on those least able to afford it, and a bunch of rocket-munching celebs feeling tremendously good about themselves because they've bossed the rest of us around. Stick to the TV shows, Jamie.
Alex Deane is an Executive Board Member of the People Against Sugar Tax campaign. He has a spare tyre, because he's freely chosen to eat too much.


"For sites with less than 5 acres disturbed at one time, filter fences, straw bales or equivalent control measures shall be placed along all side slope and down slope sides of the site." (Reference: Section 290-7.2.e-5 of the City Code of Ordinances).
"Perimeter erosion control measures shall be placed within 24 hours of beginning excavating." (Reference: Section Comm 21.125(1)(a) of the Wisconsin Administrative Code).
"Erosion control measures shall be placed along down slope areas and along side slope areas as required to prevent or reduce erosion where erosion during construction will result in a loss of soil to waters of the state, public sewer inlets or off-site." (Reference: Section Comm 21.125(1)(a) of the Wisconsin Administrative Code).
Vegetative buffers shall be inspected weekly at minimum and within 24 hours after a precipitation event of 0.5 inches or greater.
If vegetative buffers become soil covered, contain rills, or are otherwise compromised, other perimeter sediment control measures shall be installed.
Buffers shall be maintained to have dense vegetation between 3 and 12 inches in height.
Vegetative buffers shall be used for sheet and rill erosion only.
Vegetative buffers shall be located on the contour and along the entire length of the down slope edge of the disturbed area.
The width of the vegetative buffer shall be a slope of no greater than 5%.
The disturbed area draining to the vegetative buffer shall have slopes of 6% or less.
The vegetative buffer shall have a minimum width of 25 feet. 25 feet of buffer is adequate for 125 feet of up slope disturbed area. An additional 1 foot of buffer width shall be added for every added 5 feet of up slope disturbed area.
"Vegetative Buffer For Construction Sites" (WDNR Technical Standard 1054).
"Vegetated Buffers" (USEPA - National Menu of Stormwater Best Management Practices).


As of 2007, Charles County had approximately 140,444 residents citizens within it's boundaries. Located in the Southern portion of Maryland, Charles County can be found within the the confines of the Washington Metropolitan Area. Being as how Charles County was founded in 1658, it has clearly had time to grow, and is home to a variety of historical attractions / landmarks. One such attraction can be seen when visiting the Thomas Stone National Historic Site, which, happens to be located within Charles County. During your visit to the park, you'll have the opportunity to visit Thomas Stone's actual house; an attraction which tourists from all over travel to visit.
One local attraction which has become increasingly popular can be found by visiting the Charles County Government Building Parking Lot every Wednesday and Saturday. Here you will have the opportunity to experience the La Plata Farmers Market & Craft Fair, home of some of the freshest produce around as well as some of the most unique art pieces currently available.
Also, besides attractions such as the farmers market, Charles County is located predominantly on the shore and is home to some of the most delicious seafood establishments in all of Maryland. As with much of Maryland, you do not want to miss the seafood found within Charles County. Seafood is not all they have to offer with Charles County. El Dorado, a restaurant located within the city La Plata, has come to earn the reputation for some of the finest Tex-Mex and Spanish Cuisine in the area. Some of their classics include swordfish steaks, skewered steaks, grilled shellfish, and even Castilian style roast lamb.
Charles County has everything from shopping, to fine food, and crafts. They are also home to the minor league baseball team known as the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs. With one of the most loyal fan bases, visiting the Blue Crabs for an afternoon game and hot dog is a must do on everyone's visit list. Other sporting activities include over two hundred miles of biking trails, both wooded and paved. There are also a number of historical trails which can be traveled on. Some of these include the 55 mile naturally historic route as well as the John Wilkes Booth Escape Route, which is over 49 miles.
Regardless your interests, Charles County has it all!
An overhead view of Indian Head, a peninsula found within the boundaries of Charles County, MD.


This was formerly my favorite restaurant. Freshest salad bar in town. Went downhill fast a few months ago. The location is now closed!
Went during Alabama game had a blast ! we stayed for 7hrs to watch 2 games staff was great and transfer our ticket to 2nd waiter paid at the end of the 2nd game NO Problem! Only way to watch SEC Football this Fall. Also has great food! Staff changed the TV to watch the games we wanted to watch just have to Ask Waiter!
Service is horribly slow!! Food is terrible. This restaurant gives the chain a bad name. Will never return! It should close down so they can put something else in that location.
I have been to Sam's in Decatur, Alabama on several occasions and it has been very good every time. I have tried the club sandwich, ribs, chicken tenders, and pizza and it was all very good. The servers have been very attentive. I will be back!!!
The service was horrible, staff super unfriendly, & food so-so. There was 55 tv's and they were only showing 3 channels. No "bar" atmosphere mainly cause it was crazy quiet.
Best cookies and sweets around!!


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Home Lifestyle Health & Fitness South African Gay Musician and Socialite Succumbs to Anal Cancer.
South African Gay Musician and Socialite Succumbs to Anal Cancer.
Koyo Bala surrendered to a battle with cancer Monday morning at Groote Schuur hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Before he died the 36-year-old gay musician and socialite has confirmed that the anal cancer he was diagnosed with in 2012 had returned. In the recent past Bala has staged a brave fight against cancer and had been diagnosed HIV positive.
Speaking to the publication, Bala said: "I went for chemotherapy for six weeks and a radiation programme two years ago, but the cancer came back severely." Bala, best known as a member of defunct gay trio 3Sum, in 2012 underwent an operation to remove piles.He was, however, following tests told that he didn't have piles, but cancer.
He was at the time treated with radiation and chemotherapy for six weeks, but his doctors recently referred him to physicians at the Victoria Hospital in Cape Town, where he will have surgery in the coming weeks.
"I was referred to Cape Town to do the operation by doctors in Johannesburg. The doctors told me they were surprised I had the cancer because it is something that is more prevalent in women," he explained.
Bala was diagnosed with cancer a few months after he publicly admitted that he was HIV positive, a period in which he also lost his mother to a stroke.Speaking for the family longtime friend and housemate Ephraim "Ephymol" Molingoana told Sowetan Live that Bala always kept a positive outlook and remained strong throughout his battle with the fatal disease.
SOURCEGhana News
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Ketchikan is the southeasternmost city in Alaska. It is located in Ketchikan Gateway Borough. Its economy is based mostly on tourism and commercial fishing and is known as the "Salmon Capital of the World". Interestingly the city is home to the largest collection of standing totem poles in the world. If you need flowers delivered to this town, be it to a resident, visitor or business Avas Flowers offers delivery. We have a large variety of flowers that can meet the requirements of any occassion.
Avas Flowers has many years of experience in the tasks of designing and delivering of sympathy flowers for funeral services. The sending of sympathy flowers is a common way of expressing your support and empathy to the family and friends of those who are in mourning. We have a large variety of standing sprays, sympathy vases and other appropriate arrangements in a diverse array of styles and colors, so you can be sure to find one to precisely express your sentiments. We offer delivery to the Ketchikan Mortuary among others.
If you have the need to send flowers to a patient at the Ketchikan General Hospital Avas Flowers offers delivery. Sending Flowers is a wonderful way to show the patient that you are thinking of them in this difficult time for them. Brighten their stay and their spirits with a beautiful arrangement to wish them a full and speedy recovery.
Many of us have an elderly relative or friend that need the extra care that an assisted living facility provides. Sending a lovely floral arrangement or a fresh fruit basket is a wonderful way to show a resident that they are in your thoughts. The gift of flowers brings a smile to everyone's face and lifts their spirit. We offer delivery to the Ketchikan Pioneers Home and the Ketchikan General Hospital Long Term Care Center.


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OEC is een historisch Brits merk van motorfietsen.

OEC stond voor: Osborn Engineering Co, Gosport, Hampshire, later O.E.C. Ltd., Portsmouth en O.E.C. Ltd., Riverside Works, Weybridge.

Frank Osborn bouwde al in 1901 motorfietsen, waarbij hij gebruikmaakte van blokken van Minerva en MMC. Mogelijk werden al vanaf 1914 de Blackburne-motorfietsen bij OEC geproduceerd en kwamen de modellen onder beide merknamen op de markt (badge-engineering).

Osborns zoon John nam samen met Fred Wood in 1920 het merk Blackburne over en de eerste machines die daarna gebouwd werden heetten dan ook OEC-Blackburne. Er waren 346-, 498-, 676- en 1096 cc-modellen. Een beroemde machine is de 990 cc V-twin met Anzani-motor die vanaf 1923 in races werd gebruikt.

OEC gebruikte vanaf 1920 het zogenaamde "Duplex-stuursysteem" van Fred Wood en al vijf jaar eerder was er een zijspancombinatie voor taxigebruik met een stuurwiel. In 1929 kwam er een model met de watergekoelde Tinkler-motor, die echter geen succes werd.

In de jaren dertig werden er ook Matchless-motoren gebruikt en na de oorlog Villiers-tweetakten. In de recessie van de jaren dertig kwam ook OEC in grote financiële problemen. De productie werd stilgelegd, maar Osborn en Wood kregen steun van een groep Britse motordealers en namen de productie weer op.

Whitwood Monocar
Van 1936 tot 1939 produceerde Osborn Engineering een soort auto op twee wielen, de "Whitwood Monocar". Deze werd zowel met open als gesloten carrosserie geleverd en had twee steunwieltjes die bij stilstand op de grond gezet werden. De Monocar was met verschillende JAP-motoren leverbaar, die varieerden van 248- tot 490 cc.

Atlanta Duo
Een ander "luxe" model dat van eind 1935 (of begin 1936) tot 1937 gebouwd werd was de Atlanta Duo, een Feet forward bike waarbij de rijder op een comfortabel zadel achterover geleund zat en dat wat plaatwerk had om de rijder tegen de weersinvloeden te beschermen.

Tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog produceerde OEC vrijwel uitsluitend militaire producten tot de fabriek bij een bombardement vernield werd. Na de oorlog werd deze herbouwd en ging men lichte motorfietsen met Villiers-blokken produceren. OEC-speedwaymachines hadden een JAP-motor. In 1954 kwam OEC opnieuw in de problemen en het merk verdween definitief van de markt.

Zie ook Temple.

Spot- en bijnamen

OEC (algemeen): Odd Engineering Company De werkelijke naam was Osborn Engineering Company, maar men maakte weleens aparte modellen.

Brits historisch motorfietsmerk


761 How Robust Is Your Camera?
Listener Chris wonders about weather sealing and condensation on his camera, Niels tries to micro-adjust the focus on his lens and Ray is looking for opinions on Art lenses. Oh, and we take a quick look at Kodak's new announcement to bring their 10 year discontinued slide film Ektachrome back.
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Deviations from The Script: on Michael Portnoy's "Relational Stalinism – The Musical"
"If, as William Burroughs has written, language is a virus from outer space, then Portnoy might come from a planet where dyspraxia is the common, acceptable mode of being." Noam Toran attended Michael Portnoy's performance at the Witte de With, and spoke with WdW's director, Defne Ayas. He shares his insights on Tohu Magazine.
Critique / Noam Toran
Michael Portnoy, Witte de With, performance, behavior, musical, theater, physical theatre, language, absurd, Tino Sehgal, Pierre Huyghe, Phillipe Parreno, Defne Ayas, Charlemagne Palestine, William Burroughs, dyspraxia, poetry, humor, nonsense
The first thing I hear upon pushing through the black curtains on the third floor of the Witte de With is the cry of a distressed baby, along with what sounds like the incoherent stammerings of a deranged person. Promising beginnings, and perfectly in line with Portnoy's reputation as an agitator of the behavioral status quo, though it turned out that the baby was merely an all-too-innocent visitor promptly taken away by his slightly embarrassed parents. It takes me a while to find the performance, as the space is large and dark, fragmented into bare rooms, illuminated here and there by a few naked bulbs. A calm, methodical voice draws me in, where I join a small line-up of visitors. A performer, seated by the wall in one of the rooms, clad in a black suit streaked with white stripes, calls into the microphone:
Enter like a virgin with a mixture of jittery hope, body dysmorphia, misdirected longing, and mild substance abuse.
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Michael Portnoy. 77 Blinks, part of "Relational Stalinism – The Musical" at Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art,
2016. photo: Aad Hoogendoorn
Another performer emerges from behind a white curtain at the back wall, dressed in the same way, and begins to pantomime the 'order' given to him: first approaching the center of the room with a coy smile, then clutching at his body with revulsion, followed by uncontrollable shaking and scratching, before returning backstage. Another order is placed:
Enter like the man whose name has just been entered into a Google search followed by the word "infection".
Again the performer returns, this time his face is solemn, before opening up with fear, and retreating into a cringe. This continues on for ten or so more orders, and then the group moves to another room, where another performer is waiting.
michael_1.jpg
Michael Portnoy. The Agglutinators (Rigoberto), part of "Relational Stalinism – The Musical" at Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art
"Hi, I'm Anal Leek. I'm an underage Japanese girl. I have a motor disease. I also have a leek inside of my anus. I was discarded in an industrial dumpster outside the Stedelijk museum because I deviated from my programmed role in a piece by Toni Seagull stolen from Phillipe Parreno and Pierre Huyghe. Would you like to know how I deviated from my role?"
The actress proceeds to deliver an entangled monologue full of popular referencing, non-sequiturs, and dirty jokes. She moves in sharp, aggressive gestures, circling and cutting up the space. The combination of wordplay and choreography is highly watchable, and enacted with the intention of eliciting nervous giggles, the actress at one point sitting cross-legged like a samurai, with her back turned to the audience, chanting gutturally in Japanese while making masturbatory gestures. The show ends, and we are guided to another part of the gallery.
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Michael Portnoy. Mental Footnotes, part of "Relational Stalinism – The Musical" at Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art
2016. photo: Sofie Knijff
This formal procession –an 'act' beginning and ending in one space, followed by another in a different space– is how Relational Stalinism – The Musical is structured, so that the audience encounters eleven pieces of physical theatre running a total of two hours. Although not explicitly connected, all the performances share an experimental approach to language seemingly untethered to reason, moving us into an at-times exhilarating space of absurd poetics. In this linguistic 'terrain-vague', the performers dip in and out of coherence and in and out of political and cultural allusions, using a variety of methods, both tried and novel, from the cut-ups and assemblages of the Dadaists to more contemporary improvisational, generative, and non-linguistic techniques.
The "Anal Leek" skit turns out to be one of the highlights, and the most transparently critical piece of the eleven (the title's satirical take on Nicolas Bourriaud's Relational Aesthetics coming into literal play), as the skit directly references Tino Sehgal's infamous employment of an adolescent girl to embody the personality of 'Annlee', the otherwise-pedestrian manga character famously purchased and liberated by Pierre Huyghe and Phillipe Parreno in the work No Ghost Just A Shell (2002). Portnoy's unsolicited use of the character (and his critique) goes a necessary step too far, apparently taking Annlee back into the anarchic fold and perverse logic of Japanese manga, and re-animating her in a way that feels like a more genuine attempt at personification. With this type of work Portnoy articulates his outsider status, a position that Defne Ayas, the Witte's director, is quick to bring to the foreground when we meet the following week to discuss the project.
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Michael Portnoy. The Citybank Sessions (A Dance of Logic), part of "Relational Stalinism – The Musical" at Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art
Enthusiastic and giving and requiring no prompts, Ayas immediately opens up about working with Portnoy (consistently since Performa 2007), and it's clear that she sees her responsibility as providing a soft landing for his first large-scale experiment in white cube performativity. We begin by discussing the intentional conversation with Charlemagne Palestine's exhibition GesammttkkunnsttMeshuggahhLaandtttt on the floor below, and what she sees as a kind of shared diasporic attitude, both never having been properly acknowledged in the United States, and in turn fostering their identity as self-proclaimed "monsters in disguise": necessary antagonists questioning contemporary notions of value and taste in art. She even describes theirs as a "Meshuge" energy, where craziness might be a positive liberating force. She also clarifies Portnoy's "conceptual horticulturalism" describing it as a methodology for improving "breeds" of art. In this way the techniques in Relational Stalinism can be read as a cross-pollination of various movements and trajectories in art practice, with the aim being to challenge the current forms and make new and improved ones. After an enjoyably circuitous conversation, we return to what we agree is the backbone of the work: Portnoy's experimental approach to language.
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Michael Portnoy, An(al) Lee(k), part of "Relational Stalinism – The Musical" at Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art
If, as William Burroughs has written, language is a virus from outer space, then Portnoy might come from a planet very similar to our own but where dyspraxia is the common, acceptable mode of being. His scripts are overflowing with materials high and low, philosophical dérives and nonsensical meanderings, delivered without a clear sense of structure or valuation. The effect could be akin to visiting a low-risk psychiatric ward where the patients are unable to express their thoughts coherently, and instead regurgitate what they know in unfiltered streams of consciousness. The resulting prose feels, for better or worse, allied to the post-Internet trend in poetry, with its fractured, a-historical broken-mirroring of the world. It's also filled with a lyrical humor, and in its best moments evokes a kind of dysfunctional landscape as dark and smart and funny as a Tom Waits or a Kool Keith song. Take, for example, another section from the "Anal Leek" script:
Samantha, your warehouse woman, has just given you a box of woven hair in a bin, as a gift. You fear it's infected and enact fecal protocol sprawl. Ergo-Ergo, you tell Samantha that your obsession with your "friends" is a metaphorical form of death. Now you are meant to discuss whether it is better to die due to the inattention of a costermonger, a costermonger, or from an infectious disease alone?
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Michael Portnoy, 100 Big Entrances (WdW), part of "Relational Stalinism – The Musical" at Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art
If there is any disappointment in the performance, it comes from what feels like the single tonality of the piece as a whole, insofar as the rules of performativity remain roughly the same across all the acts. There are very few troughs and peaks of experience for the visitors –the 'register' of the work remains very much the same throughout– and even when the fourth wall is breached, it's done sparingly, in a prescribed and scripted manner.
Put another way, the work feels safe, and not as challenging as I was steeling myself for. Both Portnoy's reputation and the purposefully cryptic but tempting press release penned by the WdW, have led me to believe I would be a 'spect-actor', to borrow from Augusto Boal's Theatre of the Oppressed, immersed and pro-actively engaging in a kind of assault on rational behavior. But one senses the work is too rigid and exact in its construction, too motivated towards producing a specific tone or atmosphere to provide the audience with a transcendental experience. There's no question that it's a thoughtful piece of work, one which is cultivating a new performative voice, but as much as it proclaims an absurdist spirit, the piece is timed and coordinated too resolutely. Somewhat dictatorial, as the title implies.
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Michael Portnoy, Blues on Blues, part of "Relational Stalinism – The Musical" at Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art
But I wish to end on a generous note, as it feels like Portnoy is still prototyping for something greater to come. A hint of what might be in store is apparent in the fourth act: the excellent, hilarious "Citibank Sessions", where one of the performers, equipped with mike and headset, cold-calls the Citibank business helpline and embarks on a live, improvised rant. Exploiting the customer service provider's limited frame of reference, the actor asks rambling, disjointed questions about their 'performance'. The service provider, thinking the caller is referring to the performance of an account, tries desperately to contextualize the conversation and make it coherent, but to no avail. Any attempt at moving it towards intelligibility further emboldens the actor, and the provider, exasperated, finally hangs up. What the Citibank Sessions reveals is the pure power of the absurd, and the opportunity, perhaps necessity, to defy the collective social commitment to order and reason, and go occasionally, gleefully, off-script and off-piste.
9_Michael Portnoy_The Citybank Sessions_A Hoogendoorn.jpg
Michael Portnoy, Relational Stalinism – The Musical, Witte de With, Rotterdam, January 29 - March 6, 2016
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The structure of the gold market is facing an unprecedented wave of change resulting from evolving gold demand patterns, regulatory change, new types of participants and innovation. How individual gold market centres respond to these opportunities and potential threats will shape the gold trading landscape over the next decade and beyond.
The market's demand profile continues to shift towards the East with China and India alone comprising more than half of global gold demand in recent years. Moreover, Asian countries have been investing in all stages of the value chain from production through to refining and fabrication. China today is both the largest producer and consumer nation, which is reflected in the country's appetite to play a more influential role in gold trading and pricing. An undoubted shift in influence towards China and its market infrastructure, primarily the Shanghai Gold Exchange, is taking place.
Financial markets have seen a wave of new regulations introduced since the financial crisis in 2007/8. Most of the regulations are aimed at improving the resilience of the financial system by increasing the capitalisation of banks, addressing systemic risks and increasing levels of market transparency. Most of the new regulations apply across asset classes and are not unique to gold. While the regulatory direction of travel is consistent around the globe, there are naturally differences in regulation and implementation by region and jurisdiction. Overall, regulations have imposed costs on market participants and have had some unintended consequences such as a reduction in market liquidity. It will likely take a few more years until regulatory change stabilises and the full impact on the gold market structure becomes clear.
Partially as a function of regulatory change, there is a broad shift across asset classes from OTC markets towards transparent trading on exchanges. This trend can also be observed in gold as regulators seek to raise the relative cost of bilateral OTC trading and incentivise a move towards central clearing of contracts. Banks, the primary intermediaries in the wholesale market, typically face higher capital and collateral costs by trading OTC. Additionally, central clearing (which underpins exchange-traded contracts) offers netting benefits, operational efficiencies and a degree of transparency largely absent from OTC markets. These gold market trends underpin the World Gold Council's desire to partner with players like the London Metal Exchange to catalyse the evolution of the gold market's structure.
Banks have historically always played a dominant role in the gold market, performing financing functions, facilitating risk transfer, providing investor access and offering physical market services (e.g. physical distribution and custody). In recent years many banks have retrenched or exited the commodity markets due to capital constraints, market consolidation and cyclical considerations. Coupled with banks' restraints on taking proprietary positions, non-bank players have become increasingly important providers of liquidity and influence price discovery. These players include hedge funds, algorithmic traders and high frequency trading firms. Retail investors increasingly also interact directly with the wholesale market (e.g. through ETFs in the West or the futures market in China) and can meaningfully influence gold prices.
Technology innovation is disrupting many sectors and the way gold is traded will likely not be immune. Blockchain technology, in particular, holds promise in offering a more robust, operationally and cost efficient mechanism for facilitating the settlement of gold transactions. Notwithstanding a series of challenges, it could enable the move towards true 'delivery vs. payment' spot trading that could eliminate settlement risks and realise other benefits. More broadly, blockchain technology could become an integral component of the gold value chain, facilitating tracking of gold from 'mine to consumer' and thereby strengthening the market's chain of integrity. Establishing tamper-proof gold provenance would make the gold market more transparent, efficient and help eliminate illegal practices such as smuggling of conflict-gold.


Philippines can be a potential producer of cocoa. The climatic conditions and soil characteristics are conducive to growing cocoa. There is presently an increasing interest from local farmers because local and international demand for cocoa products is way beyond the production capacity of the country and world prices have been constantly favorable. With a positive attitude towards sustainable cacao production in the country, the Philippines can compete globally in the world's supply of cocoa products.
According to statistics, the country's supply reached a deficit of 44,349 metric tons a year (2005) against local consumption. Production was then nearly 5000 metric tons in 2005. Local consumption then reached nearly 50,000 metric tons. There is indeed a large demand for local production of cocoa beans. With the present civil war happening in Ivory Coast which produces about 40% of the world's cacao, major buyers (mostly from the US and Europe) are seeking alternate supply elsewhere. Cacao is considered an equatorial crop (crops that thrives well on regions occupying the equator), the Philippines has a great potential growing cacao.
Pod shape is AMELONADO characterized by an ovoid shape without a prominent point and with a diameter greater than 50% of the length.
Resistance to insect pests and diseases is moderate.
Starts to flower at the age of 17.63 months and fruiting follows at 19.63 months.
Pod shape is Cundeamor describe as a variety with elongated cylindrical fruit with ridges, a rugose surface, pronounced bottleneck and sharp point.
Pod length and width ratio is 16.02 cm is to 9.45 cm. Pod color is green when young and turns yellow when mature with wall thickness of 1.35 cm.
Pod index is 16.2 pods/kg with 44 beans per pod. Canopy diameter is 195 cm. Bean is striped.
Leaf length and width ration 22.36 cm is to 8.13 cm.
It flowers at the age of 16.80 months in the stage of first fruiting.
Pod shape is Cundeamor. Pod length is 20.07 cm and width of 8.65 cm.
Pod is yellow when old from the original color of green color of green when still young with wall thickness of 1.02 cm.
Pod index is 21.69 pods/kg having 46 beans/pod. Bean is violet in color.
Canopy diameter is 278 cm. Moderately resistant to insect pests and diseases.
It has en elliptical leaf shape with smooth leaf margins.
Pod shape is Amelonado with a superficial ridges and a smooth surface.
Pod length is about 17.97 cm and has width of about 8.67 cm.
Pod is red in color while still young and becomes yellow/orange when mature.
It has a pod wall thickness of around 1.80 cm. Bean color is violet and a hundred beans weigh about 182 grams. It is moderately resistant to known insect pests and diseases.
Pod shape is Amelonado and is red in color while still young and becomes yellow/orange when mature.
It has a pod wall thickness of around 1.40 cm with 34 beans per pod.
Pod index is 25 pods/kg of dried beans.
In any crop, good production and income generation start with ensuring the best quality available for the variety of the crop being produced. Aside from choosing the variety, propagation techniques and nursery management will be described in this section.
Collect seeds only from ripe and healthy pods.
Select bigger seeds since the possibility high that they would produce vigorous and fast growing seedlings are high.
Remove mucilage that covers the seeds by rubbing the seeds with sawdust or sand.
Cacao seeds are sensitive to fungal attacks and could lead to non-germination. It is best to soak cleaned seeds in fungicide solution for about 10 minutes. Follow strictly instructions indicated in labels.
Spread the seeds on wet sacks and cover with wet newspaper for 24 hrs.
Keep it moist but well ventilated to avoid formation of fungi.
Start collecting seeds that show sign of germination (a pig tail-like root appears on one side). Usually, germination starts after two days.
Sow the pre-germinated seeds not more than 1 cm deep in prepared polybags. Be sure seeds are sown with the pigtail-root pointed downwards.
Use select 8″ x 10″ polybags. The soil must reach 2 to 3 cm from the top of the plastic bag.
mix completely composted organic materials to improve the soil characteristics such as water holding capacity, nutrient content and soil texture.
If possible sterilize soil by boiling soil with water in drums or other convenient containers. In some cases, spraying formaline solutions also help sterilize soils. Cheapest way to sterilize soil is the use solar drying.
Loamy to sandy loam soils are the most suitable medium in terms of physical property for raising seedlings.
Nursery establishment for cacao seedling are similar to most tree crop nurseries. Young seedlings will require ample shading, constant supply of clean water and drainage. There are also other requirements written in the books but the ones stated here are general characteristics of nursery good for cacao seedlings.
Choose flat grounds. Work area must not entail more effort from uneven ground work place.
Availability of quality water sources like good water table for shallow wells, presence of irrigation canals or other natural water source like river or creeks. Also, free from saline waters.
For cacao seedlings, shading material is a must. 0 to 2 month old seedlings require 70 to 80% shade. However, gradual removal of shading is recommended to prepare seedlings for field planting. Shading materials may use materials in the vicinity of the nursery itself. This is to avoid additional expenditures.
The period of keeping the seedlings in the nursery affects the arrangement of the bags. Polybag arrangement must be systematically carried out to facilitate maintenance and grafting. Normally, a twin row with alternate path of 45 cm in width is recommended. In order to enhance the seedling growth and to avoid the seedling etiolation, the seedlings are usually spaced further apart from each other when the seedlings are 2 to 3 months old.
The distance is 25 to 30 cm apart starting from the middle point of the polybag. The distance gradually increases when the seedlings are kept in the nursery for a longer period.
Weeding: Weeds do not normally cause problems in the nursery and those that appear can be removed without much expenditure on labor. On the other hand, weeds growing along spaces in between the blocks may be controlled by cutting down with scythes. The use of herbicide is not recommended. Therefore weeding could be done manually or by mulching with available materials such as rice hull.
Fertilizer application is carried out after the first leaf hardens and should be based on the result of soil analysis. If analysis is not available, incorporate 15-35 grams of diammonium phosphate (18-48-0) per bag depending on the size of polybag. The use of granular fertilizer is also done when the leaves are dry to avoid leaf scorching.
Culling/Selection: To ensure uniform growth and development of the seedlings to be planted in the field, cull out the poor-growing seedlings in the nursery. This practice may be carried out by removing the bags containing seeds which did not germinate and small, crinkled seedlings.
Transplanting: To reduce the seedling shock during transplanting, it is necessary to rotate the polybag to a few degrees one week before field planting. It is done for the seedlings whose leaves have hardened and especially for those which roots have penetrated the ground. Watering has to be done for a few days later. Field planting must be started at the onset of the rainy season. Unless irrigation is available, field planting during the dry season is not advisable.
Vegetative propagation gives more advantage in terms of reproduction of true-to-type trees, more uniform growth, early to bear flowers, and the clone perpetuates most if not all important characters of the original seedling mother tree like pod value, bean size, fruit wall thickness and others. Major consideration in vegetative propagation is the use of the selected varieties mentioned above.
Patch Budding – This is the propagation of true-to-type trees using buds from any of the nine NSIC approved clones.
Nodal Grafting – Propagation on the sides of the seedling using nodes.
Conventional cleft grafting – This propagation technique is similar to the procedure used in grafting mangoes. Rootstocks are cut horizontally leaving only two leaves behind. Scion of selected variety is attached to rootstocks with an inverted V shape and fastened to each other using thin plastic sheet covering all wounds to prevent drying.
Only use a sharp knife and keep it only for grafting or budding- nothing else.
Avoid grafting in very hot and very dry periods, and also in very wet periods.
Make a secure and evenly shaded nursery.
Best soil is made-up of aggregated clay or loamy sand with 50% sand, 30-40% clay, and 10-20% silt.
Deep soil, about 150 cm, highly favors the growth of cacao.
Ideal rainfall for cacao cultivation ranges from 1250 to 3000 mm per annum, preferably 1500-2000 mm with dry season of not more than 3 months.
Temperature ideal for cacao lies between a mean maximum of 30-32°C and mean minimum of 18°C.
Altitude of the area should lie between 300-1200 meters above sea level. Suitable temperature is generally found in an altitude up to 700 m.
Cacao thrives best in areas under Type IV climate which has an evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year.
The leaves of the cocoa seedlings are tender and will be burnt by direct sunlight. Therefore, in order to protect them and ensure their survival and health, the seedlings must be shaded from direct sunlight during the first few years. Direct sunlight shuts off the ability of cocoa leaves to produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis. Carbohydrate is the source of energy for growth. If no energy is produced, the tree cannot grow or produce cocoa pods.
Only older cocoa trees can survive the direct rays of the sun. The upper leaves, which receive direct sunlight, shade the lower leaves that provide energy for the tree and the cocoa fruit to grow. However, if there is too much shade, cocoa leaves cannot perform photosynthesis and there is no energy for growth.
Newly planted cocoa trees need 75% shade (25% direct sunlight overall) during their first year. This can be reduced to a 50% level of overall shade in their second year. After that, the pod bearing cocoa trees need to be shaded only about 25% density of direct sunlight for the rest of the cocoa tree's life span.
Permanent shade crops that have a thin canopy, tall trunk and do not defoliate seasonally are ideal to intercrop with cocoa trees for long periods. Some suitable crop bearing varieties are coconut, cashew, longan, durian, mango and mangosteen. Both cacao and shade trees can be planted as in picture below.
In the case that shade crops (both temporary and permanent) do not create enough shade for cocoa seedlings growth, temporary structures can be made from other, easily available materials such as palm fronds, sugar cane leaf, and etc.
Table 1. List of some common and suitable plants to intercrops with cacao.
Planting points are to be marked with stakes using suitable size and length of cable wire or guide from straight line planting.
Depending on the shade from existing trees and tree crops, and soil fertility, the planting density of cocoa varies from 400-1100 plants/ha. In the case of intercropping in coconut and cashew, the density of cocoa averages about 600 plants/ha. Basal fertilizers are very important to enhance the growth of young cocoa trees in the establishment stage.
Right time to plant is during early morning or late afternoon.
It is not advisable to plant seedling with young and soft flush leaves as they are susceptible to sunburn, planting shocks or stress.
Best season to plant in the field is during the onset of rainy season.
Size of the hole should be big enough to accommodate the ball of the soil mass.
Normally, a hole of 30 cm wide x 30 cm long and 30 cm deep.
In holing, the surface of soil should be separated from the sub-soil.
Manual by ring weeding method 1 meter radius from the stem as removed with the use of sickle.
In the absence of soil analysis (PCARRD, 1989) recommended rates of fertilizer application for various ages of trees as shown below.
Control the shape and height of the tree, to ensure easy access for harvesting.
Maintenance pruning starts with regularly removing the low hanging branches or those that grow downwards.
Second remove regularly the chupons on the stem.
Also remove all shoots and additional branches that are within 60 cm of the jorquette. Removal of shoots is necessary to avoid production of non-essential branches.
Furthermore, it is important to remove regularly all dead, diseased and badly damaged branches.
Top pruning of the highest branches ( up to 4 meters) in order to keep the tree short for easy regular harvesting and maintenance.
In addition to this it is recommended to open the center of the tree by pruning in the shape of a champagne glass in order to reduce humidity and increase sunshine.
The cocoa pod borer does not like the sunshine and increased wind. The additional sunshine to the stem will increase flowering as well.
Pruning has to be done regularly and correctly, results in more pods on the tree with less infestation and diseases.
Rehabilitation can be carried out by removal or replacement of the existing unproductive trees: through side grafting or through bark grafting. Side grafting involves the utilization of scions from plants known for high yield and quality beans to be side grafted to existing unproductive trees in the plantation.
Find the hard leaf flush from "super trees".
Prepare budsticks for side grafting.
Make first horizontal deep cut on the main trunk of unproductive tree.
Shave bark downward into the cut.
Make sure original cut is through the bark to the white wood inside.
Make two cuts downward from the horizontal cut.
Create "window" by peeling the bark neatly and cleanly downward to reveal the white sapwood (cambium) inside.
Tie window closed with straw (younger tree).
Here, graft is tied securely with straw (older tree).
Cover side graft with plastic bag and tie tightly against the tree with raffia. Remove plastic bag after one month.
Another younger tree with side graft covered with plastic bag and tied tightly against the tree with raffia. Remove plastic bag after one month.
Repeat the same steps for the 2nd and 3rd. Each tree should have three grafts to begin with. Be sure each graft are at least 30 cms apart and opposite each other.
Cut the main tree with chainsaw at least 1 foot above the ground in a slanting manner.
Ringweed the stump 1 ft. around and and apply animal manure or organic fertilizer in the stump holes.
Apply organic fertilizer and control pest & diseases regularly.
Most common cacao pests in the Philippines are: Cacao Pod Borer, Vascular Streak Dieback, Helopeltis and Cacao Stem Borer. Whereas, the most common cacao disease is Black Pod.
Regular harvesting (weekly harvesting of all ripe pods) in order to break the lifecycle of the pest.
Pruning; to increase the sunlight, which the pest does not favor.
Fertilizer; to increase the general health of the tree and in addition increasing cacao production.
Plant VSD tolerant varieties such as hybrids PA 173 x SCA 9, PA 138 x SCA 9, ICS 39 x SCA 6, PA 156 x IMC 67, PA 156 x SCA 9, ICS 95 x SCA 6, clones PBC 123, PBC 159, ICS 95 and others.
Frequent harvesting to avoid pathogen sporulation.
Scraping off the bark from the infected area and put paint or soap on it.
Typically, Helopeltis likes open canopies and sunlight penetration. Still, one should prune the trees carefully and reduce shade if it is too heavy – this is to allow better visibility on the disease and better application of control methods. (Note: if pruning is too rigorous, new chupons will grow which are a feeding ground for Helopeltis).
Cut off infested braches at 40 cm below the lowest larvae hole. These branches should be destroyed.
After pruning of an infested tree, big branches, especially those with stem borer holes, should be burned.
The hole can be covered or plugged with mud or wood to prevent the larva to come out, so that it cannot feed and hatch, or cannot breathe.
Squirt some soap solution in the exit hole. After a while, the larva will emerge from the hole, probably driven out by the unpleasant soap fume. Catch and kill the Stem Borer.
Cause: Insects such as caterpillars, cocoa loopers, grasshoppers, locusts, leaf cutting ants, leaf beetles.
Solution: Chemical control is effective. Shade management is also important. Some shade trees such as Leucaena are often associated with more caterpillar problems. Open sunny conditions attract locusts and grasshoppers. Red weaver ants may be effective in controlling leaf beetles.
Cause: Insects. Possibly Rhyparid beetle.
Solution: Chemical control, or biological with crazy ant. Control with light traps is also possible.
Cause: Insect such as thrips, aphids, leaf hoppers and pysillids.
Solution: Chemical control. Take care to spray underneath the leaves as well as on top.
Solution: Control with chemicals and shade management. Target spraying to affected plants only. Thrips have natural enemies such as pirate bugs watch out for them and avoid spraying them.
We should collect pods and store for 7 – 9 days for quicker fermentation and better flavor of cocoa beans.
The best way is to use a non-sharpened steel blade to crack the pod then twist the pod open. You can also use a wooden hammer or crack two pods together.
Discard the placenta, pulp and soft or empty beans, germinated beans and damaged beans from the bean mass.
Correct pod disposal is important to avoid pest and disease buildup. The safest ways are composting or burying after drying. Avoid leaving pod husks on the ground, as insects and diseases can spread from these pods.
Cover with plastic shelters during rain or remove the beans to a dry spot.
During drying separate bean clusters, remove pod placenta, and flat, damaged or germinated beans.
Avoid using wood fired kilns that produce smoke- this is not an approved drying method and will result in smoke contaminated cocoa!
Keep bags of beans on a wooden palette in a dry and ventilated place. Don't put hot beans into plastic bags to avoid mould and moisture increased.
Record all weight of pods harvested, wet bean fermented, beans dried in a record book, and dates of harvest, fermentation and drying.
Sir, do you offer training on cocoa farming?
I am from Negros Occidental and I decided to plant cacao on my 75 birthday so that I can see it fruiting when I am 80 ha ha ha. I had been searching the elusive Holy Grail of the cacao bean….White Bean cacao or criollo. Lo and behold found it and was able to get scions from a 30 years old tree and i will have a thousand seedlings to be planted in September.. I know that is not the best producing cacao but it is the best according to what I read…so nothing but the best for an old lady like me.If you have any seed that you can sell me. Happy to hear from you. Thanks for your time to listen.
Believed me, there's money in planting cacao….
we will try cacao farming here in zamboanga city high land areas.
Ano po ba an recommended insecticide para sa Rose beetle at Rhyparid beetle?
its ok of planting cacao intercrop in oil palm?
where can we market our cacao products?
Gusto ko n magstart ng cacao farm!


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Trump is 'perfectly happy' to put more tariffs on China and will NOT strike a deal on trade in face-to-face talks with country's president Xi at G-20 next week, says Wilbur Ross
The president is expected to sit down with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Japan later this month
He has threatened to slap $300 billion in tariffs on Chinese goods
Ross predicted an eventual deal
But he said Trump was 'perfectly happy' to impose the tariffs
Trump backed down on a threatened 5 per cent tariff on Mexico this month
By Geoff Earle, Deputy U.s. Political Editor For Dailymail.com
President Donald Trump is 'perfectly happy' to slap $300 billion in additional tariffs on China, his Commerce Secretary said Monday.
Trump, who is expected to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Japan at the end of the month, ultimately will make a deal, Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross predicted.
But Ross said Trump is prepared to take the next step up in a trade war that has raged for a year.
'We will eventually make a deal, but if we don't, the president is perfectly happy with continuing the tariff movements that we've already announced, as well as imposing the new ones that he has temporarily suspended,' Ross told CNBC Monday.
Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross said the president is 'perfectly happy' to impose tariffs
Ross also downplayed expectations for a meeting in Japan, assuming a one-on-one goes forward.
'We hope there will be conversation, but G20 environment is not one where you're going to negotiate a 2,500 page agreement. G20 is where at the 40,000 foot level there may be an agreement on a path forward, but that's about as far forward as you can expect it to go,' Ross said.
Ross listed a series of repeated complaint about Chinese business practices, including legal restrictions on private firms and market access for foreign imports – as well as the regime's willingness to enforce what is agreed to.
'Given China's record it's very, very important to us that we have good enforcement and that's tough,' he said, characterizing it as a main stumbling block.
The U.S. and China have been in an escalating trade war since last year, but talks to try to end it broke off in May.
Trump said Friday 'it doesn't matter' if Xi attends the upcoming summit meeting.
It is unclear how mass protests in Hong Kong will affect China's posture. Trump and the Chinese leader, who can remain in power indefinitely following the removal of term limits, are expected to meet at the G20 summit in Osaka, Japan.
Ross made his comments to CNBC from the Pairs Airshow Monday
Trump has repeatedly blasted China for unfair trade practices, and has threatened to impose additional tariffs
Xi Jinping has been contending with mass protests in Hong Kong
'I think we'll get the opportunity to see President Xi in just a couple weeks now at the G20 summit. I'm sure this will be among the issues that they discuss,' Secretary of State Mike Pompeo told Fox News Sunday.
Trump has followed through on some combative trade tactics, while backing off on others.
Trump failed to follow through on a threatened 5 per cent tariff on Mexican imports this month, citing concessions by the Mexican government, although some of those were revealed to have been in the works for months.
Trump is 'perfectly happy' to put more tariffs on China and will NOT strike a deal on trade at G-20


The ECO is a non-profit, non-partisan organization acting as a catalyst between the public and private sectors to promote open dialogue, collaboration, planning and action. The Council is the community's oldest and most influential organization dedicated to advocating for an improved quality of life and a healthy business climate in Okeechobee County.
Since its inception, the ECO has given industry leaders a single, united voice by which they can express new ideas, business needs, and community concerns to policy makers at both the local and state level. The Council consistently advocates for responsible public spending, government transparency, improved education opportunities, and endeavors prudent to strengthening the local business climate.


9th Annual Washington Beer Open House! The Washington Beer Commission invites you to visit 140+ of our state's many innovative, esteemed, and downright friendly craft brewers on Saturday, March 2nd, 2019 from Noon – 5:00pm.
List of Breweries thus far.


The United Methodist Women (UMW) of First Church will hold a Mission Meal on Sunday, March 17, immediately following the 10:45 a.m. worship service. Takeout is available. Enjoy a meal of chili, cornbread and brownies. A freewill offering will be accepted, with proceeds benefiting local ministries that support women, children and youth.
The 2017 Women's Retreat will be held on Feb. 3 to 5 at Mt. Asbury Retreat Center. All women are invited to attend! Click here for more information and the registration form.
The annual Women's Retreat will be held at Mt. Asbury Retreat, Newville on February 5 to 7, 2016. All women are welcome. See registration form for more information. Hope to see you there!


The news that Miss Turner was giving up teaching came as a tremendous shock to all who had ever enjoyed the Thursday lessons. Miss Turner seemed, like the dormouse, to sleep half the year, and, with one or two rare exceptions, the School never saw her at all throughout the summer months. Nevertheless, we said good-bye to her at the end of the spring term without any doubt that she would reappear in the autumn with her usual smile and unfailing recognition of all whom she had ever taught, and it is difficult to believe that this autumn will not find her with us once more.
Her humour and sympathy were the most outstanding things about her, and rose to every occasion. In the days before the new floor was in the hall, dancing was not infrequently stopped by the dangerous appearance of large nails, which had to be hammered down, but this never upset Miss Turner, any more than did the rare occasions when all the electric lights went out. Her sense of humour never failed. Her personality was felt by all, whether devotees of dancing or not. Anyone who listened to her teaching the babies in the two-fifteen class, and saw what latent powers she brought to light, could not fail to be lost in admiration of her gift for teaching. In the other classes she helped us to appreciate the charm of old-fashioned dances as well as the most modern one-step and fox-trot, and she taught them side by side.
Dancing itself was, after all, one of the least important things that Miss Turner taught us. Lessons in the Hall were capable of infinitely wider application than the ballroom; they enter into every part of life. By her insistence upon grace of movement and the rhythm which is to be found everywhere she has shown us the way to appreciate so much of what helps to make "this too much loved earth more lovely." 1923.


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text:
Q: Как с помощью Netfilter изменять пакеты в linux? Я так понимаю, необходимо написать модуль ядра. Из поисков я понял, что мы заставляем iptables все FORWARD пакеты идти к нам на прокси, а там уже можно делать с пакетами всё что угодно.
У кого есть примеры или статьи, книги где описаны методы для реализации этой задачи?
Смысл в написании собственного балансировщика сети.

A: Вот ещё два метода перенаправления на внешний прокси:
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -s ! squid-box -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to squid-box:3128
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -s local-network -d squid-box -j SNAT --to iptables-box
iptables -A FORWARD -s local-network -d squid-box -i eth0 -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 3128 -j ACCEPT

и
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -j ACCEPT -p tcp --dport 80 -s squid-box
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -j MARK --set-mark 3 -p tcp --dport 80
ip rule add fwmark 3 table 2
ip route add default via squid-box dev eth1 table 2

http://tldp.org/HOWTO/TransparentProxy-6.html
Не думаю что стоит копировать описание с первоисточника, а то получится перевод статьи, а не простой ответ
Ключевые слова для поиска в Интернет: iptables external transparent proxy

A: Чтоб не использовать прокси рекомендую посмотреть захват пакетов в nf_queue. Данный модуль позволяет перенаправить выбранные пакеты в отдельную очередь в user-space, а там приложением уже вне ядра работать в пакетами. Описание технологии: http://wiki.nftables.org/wiki-nftables/index.php/Queueing_to_userspace
Где-то на гитхабе был готовый http фильтр

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Welcome to St David's
Extensive grounds in residential West Wickham
Meet the Head Teacher and Team
Pupil Leadership
After St David's Prep
The History of St David's Prep
Wishford Schools
Joining St David's
Life in Pre-Reception to Year 2
Meet the EYFS and Pre-Prep team
Life in Years 3-6
Meet the Prep team
Sporting fixtures
The Tempest!
WHAT A SHOW!
By Rosheen Venables (parent Y6 & Y4)
Last week saw the long-awaited Year 6 play 'The Tempest' brought to life by the children. A Shakespearean play acted by 10 and 11 year olds is no mean feat, but the performances were marked by the commitment of the children, the staff and their parents. Each child embraced their roles, faultlessly delivered their lines and most importantly did it with huge smiles on their faces. It was lovely to see. But it's more than that. The play marks the beginning of the end of the children's journey at St David's. It's a rite of passage that embodies friendships, team work and tenacity. They are now almost too mature for St David's, but they will take what they've learnt here with them on their next adventure as they navigate their way through senior school. As a parent, that's all we can ask for.
What was also striking was that every teacher was there, from Pre-Prep through to Prep, contributing their time and effort as make up artists, prompters, photographers or lighting and sound technicians. And that's because they care. Year 5 students were also there to support them in their singing and of course, next year their time will come. Sitting there I realised that the play exemplifies what St David's does so well: nurturing, encouraging and instilling resilience and confidence. Showing the merits of working as a collective to achieve a common goal.
Ultimately, however, the final applause was for the actors. Take a bow Year 6, the stage is yours, well done on such a tremendous effort! You did it!
Our Y6 Leavers
Might private school be the right choice for your child?
St David's receives a glowing review.
Year 6 pupils are self-motivated learners!
A Resilient Rabbit?
What did they eat in the Stone Age?
TEL: +44 (0)20 8777 5852 - EMAIL: office@stdavidsprep.com
St David's Prep, Justin Hall, Beckenham Road, Kent, BR4 0QS
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