text:
World Brussels bombers had planned new attack in France: prosecutors
Brussels bombers had planned new attack in France: prosecutors
BRUSSELS - Sunday, April 10, 2016 16:16 Email Print
Damage is seen inside the departure terminal following the March 22, 2016 bombing at Zaventem Airport, in these undated photos made available to Reuters by the Belgian newspaper Het Nieuwsblad, in Brussels, Belgium, March 29, 2016. Het Nieuwsblad via Reuters
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The planners behind the March 22 bombings in Brussels which killed 32 people had initially planned to hit France for a second time but struck closer to home as investigators made arrests among key suspects, Belgian prosecutors said on Sunday.
Investigations into the Nov. 13 Paris attacks which killed 130 people showed many of the attackers lived in Belgium, including key suspects Salah Abdeslam and Mohamed Abrini who evaded police for four months after November's killings.
Abrini was arrested on Friday and admitted to having participated in the Brussels airport bombings. He has been charged with terrorist murders, prosecutors said.
"Numerous elements in the investigation have shown that the terrorist group initially had the intention to strike in France again," Belgium's federal prosecutor said in a statement.
The attackers decided to hit nearby targets when Belgian investigators closed in on them. Abdeslam, suspected of being involved in the Paris attacks, was arrested on the Friday before the Brussels bombings.
"Surprised by the speed of progress in the investigation, they took the decision to strike in Brussels," the prosecutor's statement said.
Brussels attacks Paris bombings
Britain's Libya intervention flawed, ex-PM Cameron to blame: lawmakers
"The UK's actions in Libya were part of an ill-conceived intervention, the results of which are still playing out today."
Record new U.S. military aid deal for Israel to be signed in days: sources
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Part of coverage on2016 Brussels bombings
Two further suspects charged in Brussels bombing case
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GradSchool developed a new program called the Master of Studies, which endeavours to target the often broad and advanced generalist skills a modern day worker needs, and positions GradSchool as a university that is responding to 'the future' of learning/education/work.
GradSchool is the University of Newcastle's dedicated arm for postgraduate programs, which offers students and professionals alike a platform for rapid progression in their chosen field and/or a leap in an exciting new direction.
To engage with the changing and complex world, GradSchool developed a new program called the Master of Studies. This program endeavours to target the often broad and advanced generalist skills a modern day worker needs, and positions GradSchool as a university that is responding to 'the future' of learning/education/work.
This new program allows its students the flexibility and freedom to 'design their own degree', by entrusting the student to taking a generalist focus/trans-disciplinarian focus to the structure of the program.
By allowing students to explore and learn from multiple academic areas, GradSchool recognises the ever-increasing need for the generalist in the modern day world, and the need to develop and inject more holistic and well-rounded graduates that are better able to tackle the challenges of the modern day workforce and environment.
Predominantly individuals that want complete flexibility over what they learn. This audience is not defined by age or gender, but is rather more of a psychographic as opposed to a traditional demographic.
'I was inspired to investigate/pursue this course'.
We began by exploring the idea of a generalist vs specialist, inspired by a Forbes article the GradSchool team provided to us during our initial discussions.
These shifting attitudes of the worldwide workforce stemmed from the understanding that to truly prosper in today's working environment, an individual needs to be able to tackle a multitude of roles and responsibilities.
This idea was then visually articulated and referenced by the Headjam team through 'sonobe modules'. The sonobe module is one of the many units used to build modular origami, and the flexibility and simplicity of the system allows a multitude of geometric shapes to be created.
A singular sonobe module was used to metaphorically represent the idea of a 'Masters' degree, and the interconnected sonobe modules in the form of a geometric shape, to represent the Master of Studies program – many areas coming together, to produce one goal/outcome, or degree if you will. Visually articulating the idea of 'shaping the future you want'.
This concept was rolled out through the creation of 3D elements using animation programs, which were then animated into a succinct 30 second promotional animation for the program. The individual 3D elements were then rendered out as stills and used strategically throughout printed and digital advertising for both online and traditional distribution.
The organic promotion of the Master of Studies animation has attracted in excess of 56,000 views on YouTube, and organically received in excess of 6,000 views across Facebook.


text:
Film Marie O'Sullivan's Film Reviews
Film Review: Peter von Kant (2022)
Peter von Kant's tears are slightly warmer than Petra's were 50 years ago, but François Ozon's homage to his idol Rainer Werner Fassbinder shows that we can all still get fooled by love.
If one were in any doubt as to the height of the podium on which French director François Ozon places the chaotically talented Rainer Werner Fassbinder, then this should settle things once and for all.
Ozon has adapted Fassbinder's 1972 film The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant, and his version brings some delicate alterations in tone 50 years on from the original – but to describe this as a 'loose' adaptation would be far from the mark.
The protagonist in Ozon's version (which is also set in 1972) is Peter von Kant (Denis Ménochet), an acclaimed film maker and a clear substitute for Fassbinder, sharing as he does his affinity for alcohol, drugs, and leather waistcoats. Introduced by his friend Sidonie (a diva-esque Isabelle Adjani) to her young companion Amir (Khalil Gharbia), Peter becomes instantly infatuated with the young man and sets about incorporating him into both his films and his bed. But when inevitable fractures in the relationship – caused by age, ambition, and desire – begin to take hold, Peter's fragile emotional state collapses viciously. Of course mum is there to wipe away the tears, and who else would Ozon choose for this role than Fassbinder muse Hanna Schygulla.
Gender switches aside, Peter von Kant is quite a faithful adaptation of the original story, albeit one in which Ozon takes the opportunity to reinforce his Fassbinder fascination, with both musical and visual homages to Fassbinder's posthumously released film Querelle lurking.
Obsessive ambition, self-centered pursuit of artistic goals at any cost, the need to be desired and loved – these conflicting drivers converge in both films, and it turns out that it matters little whether the protagonists are male or female – a character such as Peter/Petra does not have the emotional strength to hold everything together. Peter's bulking frame tends to moderate the cold, brittleness of his female parallel, and his assistant Karl (Stefan Crépon) is less sinister than Petra's Marlene, but it is surely obvious by now that the real issue is that it is almost impossible to talk about Peter von Kant without comparing it to The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant. Perhaps this is exactly what François Ozon wanted, but at what cost?
If such a renowned film is to be adapted 50 years on, then should it not be with the purpose of making some kind of contemporary statement, or at least an attempt at investigation into, how things are different (or not) as we view the story now? With Ozon setting this in 1972, mirroring Petra's set design, the claustrophobia of the apartment, and the mute subservience of the assistant Karl, Ozon has sadly brought little new to the chic smoked glass-topped table.
But there is one thing to be grateful for, and that is Denis Ménochet. Peter is a difficult character to like, intolerant and emotionally abusive – and we never see him actually at work being excellent at something. But for all the bluster and bawling, Ménochet succeeds in having us believe that he really did think that he loved Amir and that the feeling was, for a time, reciprocated. One could almost feel sorry for him. For a second or two.
Peter von Kant is released on Curzon Home Cinema from 23rd December, and is in cinemas from 30thDecember.
TagsDenis Ménochet • featured • François Ozon • France • French • Isabelle Adjani • Khalil Gharbia • Peter von Kant • Reimagination • Remake • The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Will a (Derrick) Rose Smell as Sweet?
Steve Simineri // Thu, 02/05/2013 - 4:15pm
It's time for Derrick Rose to return...
Ravaged by injury, the Chicago Bulls have given Deron Williams and the Nets a chance to climb back into their first-round affair, as the series shifts to the United Center for game 6 tonight. Tom Thibodeau's proud bunch heads home with a 3-2 lead, but reinforcements would surely help.
Flickr :: Keith Allison
Read more about Will a (Derrick) Rose Smell as Sweet?
Hello Playoffs: What to Expect from the Brooklyn Nets
Kenny Ducey // Sat, 20/04/2013 - 7:41pm
Deron Williams & Co. Face Hard-Nosed Bulls
Photo: Kenny Ducey, WFUV Sports
Read more about Hello Playoffs: What to Expect from the Brooklyn Nets
New Look Knicks Seeking Revenge Against Celtics
Steve Simineri // Sat, 20/04/2013 - 2:48pm
Knicks out to prove they're the better team
Just last spring the Knicks were eliminated in five quick games by the Miami Heat, but for Knick fans that feels like a decade ago, as the team had their best regular season in nearly twenty years. In a short few months fans have all but forgotten about Linsanity and barely recall two Aprils back where the team was quickly swept by the Boston Celtics in the first-round.
flickr || ph_en
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Knicks' Competent Leadership a Major Asset
Steve Simineri // Tue, 16/04/2013 - 7:14pm
Mike Woodson and Glen Grunwald deserve their due...
After Pat Riley's bolted town for Miami following the 1994-1995 season the likes of Don Nelson, Jeff Van Gundy, Don Chaney, Lenny Wilkins, Larry Brown, Isiah Thomas and Mike D'Antoni have come to lead the Knicks back to the promised land. But, all failed. In fact the group failed to land even a single division crown.
At long last behind the leadership of Mike Woodson, the Knicks first round draft choice in 1980, the franchise has secured their first division title in 19 seasons and first 50 win season in over a decade. Both achievements were goals he set for his team at the start of the season, despite New York being overlooked by many (in fact, not one of the 35 ESPN.com NBA writers picked them to win the Atlantic).
Michael Watts, WFUV Sports
Read more about Knicks' Competent Leadership a Major Asset
Nets Quietly Having a Great Season
Julian Atienza // Wed, 10/04/2013 - 7:33pm
Despite Cohesion Issues, Inaugural Season in Brooklyn is a Success
The Brooklyn Nets currently sit in fourth place in the Eastern Conference and second in the Atlantic Division. Sporting a record of 45-32, they have more than doubled their win total from last year, with 5 games left after their 104-83 thrashing of the 76ers Tuesday night. In Nets' 39 years in the NBA, only five other squads have more wins than this team currently does.
Michael Watts :: WFUV Sports
Read more about Nets Quietly Having a Great Season
Knicks Making a Statement
Steve Simineri // Tue, 09/04/2013 - 12:21pm
Knicks cruising into the playoffs.
Less than 48 hours after celebrating the franchise's last championship team, the red-hot Knicks headed into Chesapeake Energy Arena, home of the Oklahoma City Thunder, with an 11-game winning streak on the line and seemingly some of the 1972-73 team's Championship spirit.
Read more about Knicks Making a Statement
The Streak Might Be Over, But These Heat Are Still Special
Heat on path to greatness
Almost three years ago the in-your-face summer spectacle at Miami's American Airlines Arena, celebrated the arrival of LeBron James. He was asked if he took his talents to Miami to win a championship and he famously proclaimed, "Not one, not two, not three, not four, not five, not six, not seven." This came on the heels of James and ESPN partnering for the tasteless special, "The Decision," leaving him and the Heat as public enemy No. 1. In the ensuing months the team was booed in every arena, ripped to shreds all over the Internet, and crushed by most talking heads.However, when Miami's Team President Pat Riley was recruiting James to the Heat during the summer of 2010 he sold the reigning MVP on the chance to be the focal point of not just a Champion, but a dynasty.
Flickr || Kieth Allison
Read more about The Streak Might Be Over, But These Heat Are Still Special
Nets' Voice Chris Carrino Goes One on One
Mike Watts // Sun, 24/03/2013 - 12:50am
Radio voice of the Nets talks about the team, Lopez, Johnson, and Williams.
Mike Watts, WFUV Sports
Read more about Nets' Voice Chris Carrino Goes One on One
Despite Decade-Long Struggles, Knicks and Rangers Have Come a Long Way
Steve Simineri // Wed, 20/03/2013 - 1:13am
Knicks and Rangers fans want to party like it's 1994...
Read more about Despite Decade-Long Struggles, Knicks and Rangers Have Come a Long Way
The Nets Snap Four-Game Home Slide, but Deron's Back Hurts
Kenny Ducey // Sat, 09/03/2013 - 12:22am
Williams Carries the Nets to Win with 42 points on 11-16 3PT Shooting
Flickr | shinya
Read more about The Nets Snap Four-Game Home Slide, but Deron's Back Hurts


The NiCE DB2 smart Management Pack (DB2 sMP) gives you one integration point between Micro Focus Operations Bridge Manager (OBM) and your IBM DB2 servers. The integration with OBM is seamless.
The NiCE DB2 sMP is the only solution of its kind on the market to monitor your DB2 database servers in an Operations Bridge Manager environment.
Monitor your DB2 database servers according to your actual business needs. The NiCE DB2 sMP allows you to effortlessly get an overview of all your DB2 instances and databases within the Operations Bridge Manager topology, including their status, with a simple click of your finger.
Set monitoring thresholds of selected performance data at instance and database specific levels to receive only really important alarms in the Operations Bridge Manager Event Perspective.


text:
Songs that should've been in GTA Vice City Stories
By [...], May 23, 2016 in GTA Vice City Stories
[...] 5,933
Released in 1994.
But remember, GTA VCS is set in 1984, so don't add the 1985+ songs.
ElPatron036 32
Don't care if people hate me
At the 2007 Dj Premier song, I found it at a 80s Rap Playlist, and the Original Cuban Pete was made in the 70s or something, and that was The Mask cover.
Two And Three 118
Also, DJ Premier and his work doesn't fit the the sound of the station. Anyway here is one for V ROCK
EDIT: One more for V Rock
Edited February 3, 2017 by Two And Three
Ivan1997GTA 1,619
I'm not here to be original, I'm here to rock!
Edited March 27, 2017 by Ivan1997GTA
SodaDog 472
zura~
Fresh 105 FM
V-Rock or The Wave 103
It doesn't really sound like a Wave 103 material, but it's also too soft for V-Rock.
Espantoso:
(I SWEAR TO GOD THIS SONG IS RELEASED IN 1966, EVEN THE BLACK EYED PEAS VERSION!)
Edited April 26, 2017 by ElPatron036
Zello 11,841
Edited May 6, 2017 by Zello
Steezy. 193
Dimension Shifter
Tears for Fears - Everybody Wants To Rule The World
(Even though it came out in '85..but there's been songs released in gta games that came out a year or two after the time it takes place in though..)
jaljax 864
1. Shock The Monkey-Peter Gabriel
2. Comfortably Numb-Pink Floyd
3. Caribbean Queen-Billy Ocean
4. Against All Odds-Phil Colins
5. Doo Wa Ditty-Zapp & Roger
Gummy 3,388
F*ck thyself
VCFL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4NL9nv0Vr8
Flash FM:
A station playing French music from this period would be nice. Especially considering some great films coming out from France during this period. Seriously, it works.
Femme Fatale 10,204
prettier n nastier
Victim of The Pit™
Paradise FM
Edited June 5, 2017 by Ivan1997GTA
Fluxion Cavalier 19
Returned.
Just because you like a song doesn't mean it should be in GTA. I think Rockstar did a good job with the soundtrack of GTA VCS. If you like a song, then add it to your custom music tracks folder and listen to it all you want.
Edited June 21, 2017 by Fluxion Cavalier
Markus2002 6
The Blender Guy A.k.a Alien31ita
If is arledy in the Topic, i'm sorry i din't see that
Luna 51 1,031
Van Society
It's not a thread where we like a song so much, that we want it to be in a GTA, is mostly songs that we think that would fit well in a game and specific station, the soundtrack is good indeed, but more songs from artists won't hurt such as Michael Jackson, take aside from stuff like the license to put the songs in the game.
Also not everyone plays VCS on the PSP, the custom station isn't available on the PS2.
Edited September 22, 2017 by Ivan1997GTA
I'd imagine "Legal Tender" playing before "Space Age Love Song".
Jimmy 2,947
Goodfella
The song is already featured in the PS4, Xbox One and PC versions of GTA V on Los Santos Rock Radio. And to be honest, this song doesn't really fit with the hard rock and heavy metal vibe that V-Rock was going for. This would be a better song for V-Rock.
IK. But I think the subtle, sunny and relaxing environment of VCS would be better. It's still somewhat slower but still a decent song. I'd honestly prefer if V-Rock was low of heavy metal songs tbh. That's one of the main reasons why I don't tune into it most of the time.
Well, okay. IMO, I think that the Kansas song would've fit nicely on either Flash FM or Emotion 98.3.
Letus 1,582
These two would fit well for Wave 103, imo.
Hmmm nice bike 4,701
goodest boye
The Yardies
Something extra for Flash FM
The Wave 103
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I join the rest of the world in mourning the senseless deaths by terrorism in Paris, Beirut, and Baghdad. Based on reactions in social media, the response to these atrocities calls for everything from bombing to love.
Here's where I get confused. What does responding in love look like? Does it mean burying the dead and forgetting about the terrorists? What about the Syrian refugees fleeing their homeland because of terrorist activities there? Should a country take a chance on resettling a family that plans to engage in horrific acts when the time is right?
FBI Chief, James Comey, says their database cannot properly vet refugees. According to the linked article, it's like googling someone and not finding their name. Does that mean they are desirable people?
Someone, please tell me what you would do to offer a loving response and bring justice to those innocent people who died.


Rackspace is hiring an IT Client Delivery Services Manager to be based out of our office in Jersey City or Somerset, NJ.
Jobs available in Lakewood, NJ, Albany, NY, Bridgewater, MA and Middletown, PA.
WE ARE CURRENTLY LOOKING FOR 10 LOCAL OWNER OPERATORS TO RUN ALL PIERS IN NJ (100 MILE RADIUS).
CVS Health has an exciting opportunity for you as a Pharmacy Technician at our Specialty Mail order pharmacy in Fairfield, NJ.
Work available in Newark, Dayton, Piscataway, and Elmwood, NJ!
PlanITROI is headquartered in Denville, Morris County, NJ.
© Get IT Manager Jobs | Newark, NJ | GetITManagerJobs | All Rights Reserved.


Edlefest is organised by Friends of the Church on the Hill, Edlesborough, who are part of the EDaN group (Edlesborough, Dagnall and Northall) – a team of volunteers who act under the umbrella of the parish council, with the aim of ensuring the church building is actively used by the local community. Their mission statement is to encourage more people to visit the church, increase usage and awareness in order to preserve its long term sustainable future.
Alongside the building's owners, the Churches Conservation Trust, we are trying to create a wide range of events that can be held there, to open the building up to the public. In order for events to continue and ideas grow, the building needs to be able to accommodate audiences and visitors with wider needs, so we aim to add more facilities such as permanent toilets. EdleFest evolved to tick a few of these boxes: encourage visitors, open the building to the public and raise some money to secure its future.


The City of Somerville is now offering a Tumbler composter to residents for a cost of $90. Not only does the Tumbler allow residents to reduce food waste and create rich soil, its design keeps compost material away from rodents.
This unique tumbling composter features two chambers fill one side, while the other side cures, making it easy to efficiently convert your kitchen and yard waste into rich soil enhancing compost. Just load it up, close the sliding door and use the convenient built- in hand holds to give it a turn every couple days and see how it produces finished compost in weeks. The tumbling composter is made with recycled, UV inhibited, black plastic which absorbs heat and is designed to be rodent-proof. Help divert waste from landfill or costly processing and turn your own organic waste into compost in your own backyard.
Compost bins are available for purchase at the DPW, 1 Franey Road, Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. You need to pay $90.00 either by check or money order in the name of "City of Somerville." We cannot accept cash.


First Man doesn't so much tell a straight story of Neil Armstrong's mission to the moon as much as it tries to slip inside his mind, trying to feel every jolt of the cockpit and every sting of surrounding death. Director Damien Chazelle goes digging for an experience in Armstrong's path which is certainly debatable in motivation but nevertheless keeps your eyes locked on the objective as strongly as Neil keeps focused. And for the direction Chazelle chooses to steer this towering biography, it's a trip worth taking.
Neil Armstrong is exceptionally played by Ryan Gosling, at least in the manner Chazelle was aiming for. He has tunnel vision at work, playfulness at home, but a quiet presence in both areas. He presses on in a manner that seems odd to some, reserving his tears in private with the loss of his daughter and back at work the next day without it bothering him. A controversial decision of Chazelle comes in suggesting that the death of Neil's daughter secretly drove him as a very distant echo in his mind, so pushed-aside it rarely ever comes up in conversation. It doesn't matter in the cockpit, where quick and intelligent moves are required to avoid a flaming crash or hurdling out of the atmosphere. This instinct makes him the perfect candidate for NASA's mission to the moon; a mission that requires the most dedicated of men for the most fearful of expeditions.
Neil's nature works for keeping the program going but it doesn't bode as well for his wife Janet (Claire Foy). She tries to stick with him when it comes to moving around and having another child but there's only so much a wife and mother can take when her husband is so reserved. She looks around at the other wives losing pilots and having their lives destroyed, only to see Neil so stone-faced and unemotional when it comes to loss. Janet tries to snap Neil out of it mere days before the big launch to the moon but all he can tell his kids are the same words he told the press.
To understand Neil's bravery, we're locked inside the cockpit right alongside him. We see everything he sees, peering out his helmet at the horizon gleaming off his helmet, the sky of black and blue poking through his small windows. We hear every terrifying noise within his cramped craft spaces; the loud engines, the howling winds, the buckling metal, the beeping gauges, and the static of the radio. And I have no doubt if D-Box was still a thing that we'd be feeling every bump and force that works against Neil and his mission. In terms of experiencing flight and spaceflight, Chazelle goes for the most gripping of intense scenes that rarely shake away from the terror of never landing again.
There seemed to be some controversy among the frothing patriotic condemning the film for not featuring the scene of planting the flag. Chazelle's choice of excluding the exact moment is an artistic one for sure, trying to keep the moon landing devoid of sound and falling back on the iconic audio without a swelling of music. He also tries to bring Neil's arc of contemplating death to a close, something that just doesn't feel right when accented with a moment of planting the American flag on the moon. Don't worry; you'll still feel the flag on the moon but Chazelle wants to stage it in a manner all his own and not go for the easy Clint Eastwood route of staging it with a lens flare, an orchestra, and an obligatory clap from the audience.
On first glance, First Man is certainly not Chazelle's strongest film after the more pristine and exceptional jazz pictures of Whiplash and La La Land. It stirs up many characters, including the cocky Buzz Aldrin, played well by Corey Stoll, but doesn't do much with them past their inclusion in the moon race. Neil's confliction with death is never fully realized for making him so reserved and it feels as though there should just be a little more to Janet, given the fantastic performance by Foy. But for how the film is shot and the atmosphere it weaves of portraying all the excitement, fear, and daringness of space flight, the movie succeeds at being an engaging spectacle. It just seems to be comfortable being only an experience and less so a character study. This is best exemplified after Neil dusts himself off from a failed lunar lander test that goes up in flames and one of the program heads asks if this mission is worth the cost. Neil responds that it's a little late to ask that now. And by that point in the movie, we know where this is all headed and I was content to sit back and enjoy the bumpy ride.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


New Classes - New Opportunities to Learn!
Registration will close on May 10th.
If you have any questions, please reach out to Mrs. Wilcox, Summer School Director.
We are delighted to be entering our 10th season in summer programming! We are offering 4 weeks of fun and learning in our Summer School/Camp Program. We are excited to continue to provide opportunities to students entering grades K-8 and their families. Our offerings include those in academics, enrichment, performing and visual arts, and summer camp!
Our vision for Summer at OLG is to better serve our current students at Our Lady of Guadalupe School, reach out to our parish families, and meet our local neighbors by offering a unique opportunity to blend student populations thus creating community. We have retained excellent qualified teachers to work with your children in providing an inclusive and engaging environment that will allow for meaningful learning. This diverse and dynamic program is designed to offer your children a place to develop their skills through creativity and fun!
We hope that you will join us this summer, as we know that your Summer at OLG will be filled with learning, fun, friends, and great memories. We hope to see you this SUMMER AT OLG!
All incoming kindergarten students participating in any summer activities, both Summer School and Summer Camp, MUST HAVE COMPLETED a TK Program prior to the beginning of summer.
Please be aware that SNACKS ARE NOT provided! Send a healthy snack with your child(ren), but we are a NO PEANUT ZONE! With a growing number of students with SEVERE food allergies, we cannot allow peanuts on our campus during school and camp!


Scores 23 Highway MPG and 18 City MPG! KBB.com Best Resale Value Awards. This Toyota Tacoma has a strong Regular Unleaded V-6 3.5 L/211 engine powering this Automatic transmission.
Wheels: 16 Silver Alloy, Wheels w/Machined Accents, Variable Intermittent Wipers, Urethane Gear Shift Knob, Trip Computer, Transmission: 6-Speed Automatic -inc: electronically controlled w/intelligence, Tires: P245/75R16 AS, Tailgate/Rear Door Lock Included w/Power Door Locks, Tailgate Rear Cargo Access, Step Bumper w/Black Rub Strip/Fascia Accent.


text:
\section{Introduction}
The existence of non-baryonic Dark Matter (DM) has been established by many astrophysical observations from gravitational effects~\cite{Ade:2015xua}. However, the nature of DM and its interactions with other particles and
among themselves remain unknown. Probing the DM signals at the hadron collider could elucidate the particle physics properties of DM without suffering from astrophysical uncertainties thus becomes one of the main object
of the current and future LHC experiments as well as future colliders such as 100 TeV $pp$ collider and high
energy lepton colliders such as ILC or FCC-ee, CEPC.
The strategy for DM search at colliders is rather simple: to look for events with large momentum unbalance
that is produced by recoiling the DMs against energetic detector reconstructable objects such as jets.

The DM effective field theory (EFT)~\cite{Goodman:2010yf,Goodman:2010ku,Duch:2014xda} which is supposed
to be low energy approximation to a renormalizable theory for DM by integrating out the heavy particle that
mediates the DM interaction has been widely used in early LHC analysis.
The scalar $\times$ scalar operators describing the Dirac fermion DM $\chi$ interacting with Standard Model
(SM) particles take the forms
\begin{align}
\frac{1}{\Lambda^2} (\bar{\chi}\chi) (\bar{f}f), ~~~ \frac{1}{\Lambda^3} (\bar{\chi} \chi) \text{Tr} (G^{\mu\nu} G_{\mu\nu}) , \label{eq:oeff}
\end{align}
where the scale $\Lambda$ has dimension of mass, $f$ correspond to SM fermions and $G^{\mu\nu}$
is the gluon field.
Then the limits on the DM relic density, DM direct/indirect detection and DM collider searches can be
presented  in terms of a common coefficient $\Lambda$ and DM mass.
However the EFT description might be useful only in the low energy phenomenology such as DM direct
detection. At high energy scale such as at the LHC,  unitarity  shall be violated in general in the EFT approach
~\cite{Buchmueller:2013dya,Busoni:2013lha,Busoni:2014sya,Busoni:2014haa}.
Also thermal relic density or indirect detection would require extensions of operator basis involving other
SM particles such as heavy quarks ($c, b, t$, etc.), the SM Higgs boson or electroweak gauge bosons.

In order to cure this problem of the DM EFT,   simplified model frameworks have been proposed to undertake
the DM searches at colliders~\cite{Abdallah:2014hon,Abdallah:2015ter,Abercrombie:2015wmb}.
The DM model Lagrangian with the minimal scalar mediator is defined as (Ref.~\cite{Buckley:2014fba}
for example)
\begin{align}
\mathcal{L} = \mathcal{L}_{\text{SM}}  + \frac{1}{2} (\partial_\mu \phi)^2 - \frac{1}{2} m^2_\phi \phi^2 + i \bar{\chi}  \slashed{\partial} \chi - m_\chi \bar{\chi} \chi  - g_\chi \phi \bar{\chi} \chi - \sum_f g_v \frac{y_f}{\sqrt{2}} \phi \bar{f} f ~.~ \label{eq:lsimp}
\end{align}
The model has 5 new parameters, DM mass $m_\chi$, scalar mediator mass $m_\phi$, DM-mediator coupling $g_\chi$, SM-mediator coupling $g_v$ and the mediator decay wdith $\Gamma_{\phi}$,
to which the collider search bounds can be applied.
The collider phenomenology of simplified models with different mediator spins are also studied, in gluon gluon fusion production channel~\cite{Harris:2014hga,Harris:2015kda} and in vector boson fusion production channel~\cite{Khoze:2015sra} if interactions between SM gauge bosons and the scalar are included.
However, the simplified model Lagrangian~(\ref{eq:lsimp}) still has some problems, since  the term
$\frac{y_f}{\sqrt{2}} \phi \bar{f} f$ violates the SM gauge symmetry explicitly
~\cite{Talk:ko_talks,Baek:2015lna,Englert:2016joy},  because $\phi$ is a SM singlet scalar and $\bar{f} f$ is
$SU(2)_L$ doublet. Therefore this simplified model may not be a suitable approximation/simplification of a
UV-complete model for singlet fermion DM.

The simplest way to write down a renormalizable and gauge invariant UV completion for effective operator~(\ref{eq:oeff}) is to introduce a singlet scalar $s$ that interacts with SM particles by the mixing with the SM Higgs boson,
where the singlet DM can be either a fermion~\cite{Baek:2011aa} or a vector~\cite{Baek:2012se} particle.
The LHC and the ILC searches for those minimal Higgs portal DM models with the full SM gauge symmetry are
discussed in Ref.~\cite{Talk:ko_talks,Baek:2015lna,Bauer:2016gys} and in Ref.~\cite{Ko:2016xwd}, respectively.
And importance of the gauge invariance in DM collider phenomenology within other setups and/or contexts
have also been studied in Ref.~\cite{Bell:2015sza,Choudhury:2015lha,Kahlhoefer:2015bea,Ko:2016zxg,Bell:2016uhg}.

In this work, we continue the study of collider search for singlet fermion DM with scalar mediators within the
gauge invariant and renormalizable Higgs portal DM model discussed in Ref.~\cite{Baek:2011aa}.
Comparing to previous studies~\cite{Talk:ko_talks,Baek:2015lna,Bauer:2016gys}, we consider the model with varying scalar decay width and resolved top quark in gluon gluon fusion production process. Moreover, the interference effects between two scalar propagators on both production cross sections and distributions of kinematic variables are discussed in detail. And their effects on the collider bounds for the singlet fermion DM searches at the LHC will be considered in terms of the CMS mono-jet/mono-V search.

This paper is organized as follows. A brief introduction on the gauge invariant UV completion of effective operator
(1.1) is given in Sec.~\ref{sec:model} in the framework of Higgs portal DM model. In Sec.~\ref{sec:intf}, taking the gluon-gluon fusion process as a representative example, we highlight the interference effects on both DM production cross section and final state distributions. More realistic applications to a CMS DM search including all dominant DM production processes are studied in Sec.~\ref{sec:cms}.
The results are summarized in Sec.~\ref{sec:conl}.

\section{A gauge invariant model for singlet fermion DM with Higgs portal}
\label{sec:model}
In this section, we discuss the simplest Higgs portal singlet fermion DM model with SM gauge
invariance  and renormalizability.
The model contains a SM singlet Dirac fermion DM $\chi$ and a singlet scalar mediator $S$ in addition to the SM particles. In order to preserve the SM gauge symmetry, the $S$ only couples to SM particles through the mixing
with the SM Higgs $h$. It is assumed that the DM $\chi$ is odd under $Z_2$ dark parity.
Without $Z_2$  parity,  one could write a dim-4 operator, $\bar{l}_L \tilde{H} \chi$, that would make
$\chi$ decay as forbidden.  And this $Z_2$ distinguishes the DM $\chi$ from the right-handed neutrino for neutrino
masses and mixings.

The $Z_2$-invariant Lagrangian related to the DM sector can be written as follows~\cite{Baek:2011aa}:

\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}_{\text{new}} &= \bar{\chi} (i \slashed{\partial} -m_\chi - g_\chi S ) \chi + \frac{1}{2} \partial_\mu S \partial^\mu S - \frac{1}{2} m^2_0 S^2  \nonumber \\
         & - \lambda_{HS} H^\dagger H S^2 - \mu_0^3 S - \mu_1 S H^\dagger H -\frac{\mu_2}{3!} S^3
         - \frac{\lambda_S}{4!} S^4~,~ \label{eq:lag}
\end{align}
where $H$ is the SM Higgs doublet.
When both scalar fields develop nonzero vacuum expectation value, $v_H$ and $v_S$, we can expand $H$
and $S$ as

\begin{equation}
H =
\left( \begin{array}{c}
  G^+ \\
  \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (v_H + h + iG^0)
  \end{array} \right) , ~~~~~ S= v_S +s~,~
\end{equation}
where $G^+$ and $G^0$ are Goldstone bosons. Substituting into the Eq.~(\ref{eq:lag}), we can obtain the mass
matrix for physical scalar fields $s$ and $h$. This mass matrix can be diagonalized by introducing a mixing
angle $\alpha$, which is determined by the $\lambda$ and $\mu$ couplings in the $\mathcal{L}_{\text{new}}$.
So two mass eigenstates $H_{1,2}$ can be expressed in terms of $h$ and $s$:

\begin{equation}
\left(  \begin{array} {c}
  h \\
  s
       \end{array} \right) =
       \left(  \begin{array}{c c}
         \cos \alpha & \sin \alpha \\
         -\sin \alpha & \cos \alpha
         \end{array}  \right)
         \left(
           \begin{array}{c}
           H_1 \\
           H2
           \end{array}
         \right)~.~ \label{eq:hmix}
\end{equation}

We will take the $H_1$ as the SM-like Higgs that is consistent with the LHC discovery~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012xdj}.  So far the measurements of the 125 GeV Higgs boson signal strengths~\cite{Khachatryan:2014jba,Aad:2015gba} indicate that the mixing angle $\alpha$ is small $\sin\alpha \lesssim 0.4$~\cite{Robens:2015gla,Cheung:2015dta,Dupuis:2016fda}.

The  Lagrangian describing the interactions of  $H_{1,2}$ with the SM particles and the singlet fermion
DM  is given by

\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}_{\text{int}} &= -(H_1 \cos \alpha + H_2 \sin \alpha) \left[ \sum_f \frac{m_f}{v_h} \bar{f} f
- \frac{2m^2_W}{v_h} W^+_\mu W^{-\mu} - \frac{m_Z^2}{v_h} Z_\mu Z^\mu  \right] \nonumber \\
     & + g_\chi (H_1 \sin \alpha - H_2 \cos \alpha) ~ \bar{\chi} \chi ~.~ \label{eq:lint}
\end{align}
in the mass eigenstates for the neutral scalar bosons.

There are four free parameters relevant to our phenomenological study,  $m_\chi$, $m_{H_2}$, $g_\chi$
and $\sin \alpha$.
Moreover, there could be new decay modes open for the $H_2$, such as $H_2 \to H_1 H_1$ if kinematically
allowed. And we  will see later that the total decay width of $H_2$ ($\Gamma_{H_2}$) is playing a very important
role in reconstructing observables at detector  level through interference between $H_1$ and
$H_2$ propagators.   Therefore  $\Gamma_{H_2}$  will be treated as the fifth free parameter in the following discussion.

\section{The interference effect between two scalar  mediators at LHC}
\label{sec:intf}
In the singlet fermion DM model with Higgs portal described in the previous section, the DM production is
dominated by three processes as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:diag}: i.e. gluon-gluon fusion (ggF), vector boson fusion
(VBF) and Higgs Strahlung (VH).

\begin{figure}[htb]
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{ggf}
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{vbf}
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{vh}
 \caption{\label{fig:diag} The dominant DM production processes at LHC. }
\end{figure}

In contrast to the simplified scalar mediated DM model recommended by the LHC Dark Matter Forum~\cite{Abercrombie:2015wmb}, there are two propagators ($H_1$ and $H_2$) that can mediate the DM
pair production in the gauge invariant model descried in the previous section. Note that the Lagrangian in
Eq.~(\ref{eq:lint}) resembles the singlet scalar mediated DM model in Ref.~\cite{Abercrombie:2015wmb} when
only fermionic couplings of $H_2$ are concerned.

The interference between two propagators in the differential  production cross sections of the DM pair take
the following form:

\begin{align}
\frac{d \sigma_i}{d m_{\chi\chi}} \propto | \frac{\sin 2\alpha ~ g_\chi}{m_{\chi\chi}^2 - m^2_{H_1} + i m_{H_1} \Gamma_{H_1}} - \frac{\sin 2\alpha ~ g_\chi}{m_{\chi\chi}^2 - m^2_{H_2} + i m_{H_2} \Gamma_{H_2} }  |^2  ~,~ \label{eq:intf}
\end{align}
where $\sigma_i$ corresponds to the cross section of given production process and  $m_{\chi\chi}$
is the invariant mass of DM pair. The minus sign between two propagators comes from the $SO(2)$ nature
of the  mixing matrix in Eq.~(\ref{eq:hmix}), which is found to be helpful to evade the DM direct detection
~\cite{Baek:2011aa,Duerr:2016tmh} in such class of models.  The interference effect will not only influence
the total production rate of DM pair, but also change the shape of kinematic variables.

To give more concrete examples on the interference effect, a few assumptions are made to narrow down the parameter space.
We will fix $\sin \alpha =0.2$ and $g_\chi=1$ in our following discussion. Because the differential cross section
are universally proportional to $g_\chi  \sin 2\alpha $ as shown in Eq.~(\ref{eq:intf}), changing the $\sin\alpha$
and $g_\chi$ will simply rescale the differential cross section as long as the $\Gamma_{H_i}$ does not differ much.
The scalar $H_1$ is identified as the 125 GeV Higgs boson with properties that are consistent with the LHC
discovery, so that $m_{H_1}=125$ GeV and $\Gamma_{H_1} = \cos^2 \alpha \cdot \Gamma_{h_{\text{SM}}}$.
Models with $m_\chi < m_{h_{\text{SM}}}/2$ will be highly constrained by the Higgs invisible decay search at
LHC. This usually requires very small $g_\chi$, e.g. for $\sin \alpha =0.2$, $g_\chi$ should be smaller than
$\lesssim 0.1$ in order to satisfy the current upper bound on the invisible Higgs branching ratio:
Br($h_{\text{SM}} \to \chi \chi$)$<0.24$~\cite{CMS:2016rfr}.  Then the DM production cross section should be
small in such cases. The same situation exists when DM is heavy.  So we will focus on the scenarios with
medium DM mass in this work,  which we choose $m_\chi =80$ GeV without lose of generality.
Then we are left with two most relevant parameters: $m_{H_2}$ and $\Gamma_{H_2}$.

The FeynRules~\cite{Alloul:2013bka}/MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO~\cite{Alwall:2014hca} framework is used
in order to calculate the NLO QCD cross sections and simulate the events. The FeynRules takes the Lagrangian
of the simplified model in Eq.~(\ref{eq:lint}) as well as the UV/$R_2$ counterterms for the NLO QCD computations
from NLOCT~\cite{Degrande:2014vpa}/FeynArts~\cite{Hahn:2000kx} to generate the Universal FeynRules Output
model files. The MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO uses the model files to compute the tree-level and loop-level amplitudes
for any processes of the model.

We calculate the Leading-Order (LO) cross section of the gluon-gluon fusion DM pair production by using the loop induced mode~\cite{Hirschi:2015iia} of MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO. The results for varying $m_{H_2}$ and $\Gamma_{H_2}$ are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:xsec}.

\begin{figure}[htb] \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{xsec}
 \caption{\label{fig:xsec} The LO cross section for gluon-gluon fusion process at 13 TeV LHC.
 The meanings of the different line types are explained in the text and the similar strategy
 will be used in all figures.}
\end{figure}

In the figure, the  $\Gamma_{\min}$ for $H_2$ is calculated by assuming $H_2$  decays only into SM particles
and DM pair through the interactions given in Eq.~(\ref{eq:lint}), where we have set $\sin \alpha =0.2$ and $g_\chi=1$.
Note that the actual $H_2$ decay width could be larger than $\Gamma_{\min}$,
if $H_2 \rightarrow H_1 H_1$ is open and non-negligible, or if there are other decay channels  of $H_2$.
For example, there could be  extra dark sector particles such as dark Higgs or dark gauge bosons if $Z_2$
symmetry is replaced by dark gauge symmetry (see Refs.~\cite{Baek:2014kna,Ko:2016zid} for example).
These extra channels are more model dependent though.
Therefore we consider three different widths of $H_2$ throughout the work: $\Gamma_{\min}$, $5\times\Gamma_{\min}$ and $20\times\Gamma_{\min}$, respectively.
The lines associate to $H_1\&H_2$ and $H_2$ are calculated with and without the $H_1$ as the mediator respectively. The former case corresponds to the gauge invariant singlet fermion DM models with
Higgs portal, while the later case corresponds to the  usual singlet scalar portal DM model as proposed in
Ref.~\cite{Abercrombie:2015wmb} and widely used in literature.

From Fig.~\ref{fig:xsec}, we can observe that including the $H_1$ will substantially reduce the DM pair production
cross section when $m_{H_2}\lesssim 2 m_{\chi}$. This is because of the destructive interference between two mediators caused by the minus sign in Eq.~(\ref{eq:intf}).  Note that the collider signatures in this
parameter region have not been studied carefully in previous studies of the singlet fermion DM model with Higgs
portal except in Ref.~\cite{Baek:2015lna}, partly because the signal cross section is expected to be small.
Our study in the present work shows
that the signal cross section is even smaller than that of the simplified model with a single
scalar mediator which is violating the full SM gauge invariance.

Once the $m_{H_2} \gtrsim 2 m_\chi $, the cross section increases dramatically due to resonant enhancement~\footnote{In this mass region, the $H_1\&H_2$ scenario can be effectively described by the $H_2$ scenario only when the decay width of $H_2$ is narrow and the mass of $H_2$ is relatively light.}.
From Eq.~\ref{eq:intf}, we know the contributions of two propagators interfering constructively in the region $m_{\chi \chi} \in [2m_\chi, m_{H_2})$ and destructively in the region $m_{\chi \chi} \in (m_{H_2}, +\infty)$.
When $m_{H_2}$ is not much larger than twice of DM mass, the destructive effect dominates.
As the $H_2$ becomes heavier ($\gtrsim 270$ GeV in our parameter setup), there are more fraction of events
falling into the constructive region. This explains why the $H_1\&H_2$ scenario has smaller cross section than
the usual $H_2$ scenario when $m_{H_2} \in (2 m_{\chi\chi}, \sim 270~\text{GeV})$ and larger cross section
when $m_{H_2} \gtrsim 270$ GeV.
Such features will become even more significant for wider decay width of $H_2$ as we can expect.
Given $m_{H_2}=400$ GeV as an example, the difference in total cross section is $\frac{\sigma(H_1\&H_2)-\sigma(H_2)}{\sigma(H_2)} \sim 4\%$ for $\Gamma_{H_2}= \Gamma_{\min}$ while can be as large as $\sim 106\%$ for $\Gamma_{H_2}=20\times \Gamma_{\min}$.

\begin{figure}[htb] \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{mxxB}
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{mxxD}
 \caption{\label{fig:mxx} The parton level distributions of $m_{\chi\bar{\chi}}$ for gluon-gluon fusion process at 13 TeV LHC. }
\end{figure}

To see the interference effect more explicitly, we plot the differential cross section in $m_{\chi\chi}$
for the ggF process in Fig.~\ref{fig:mxx}. Two different masses of $H_2$ are considered with the DM
mass being fixed to 80 GeV. For both masses, we can observe the enhancement in event fraction for
$m_{\chi \chi} \in (2m_\chi, m_{H_2})$ and deduction in event fraction when $m_{\chi \chi} > m_{H_2}$.
For $m_{H_2}=200$ GeV, the total event fraction in $(2m_\chi, m_{H_2})$ is smaller than that in $(m_{H_2}, +\infty)$ while it is opposite for $m_{H_2}=400$ GeV.
Note that for heavy mass and large decay width of $H_2$, the resonant peak can be smeared out as shown
by the solid blue curve in the right panel  due to the significant enhancement from the interference effect between $H_1$ and $H_2$.

So far, we have discussed the features of the interference effect at parton level for $gg \to H_i \to \chi \chi$.
In practice, there will be extra radiations from the gluons in initial state and top quarks in the loop, which may
affect the features of interference to some extent. Moreover, the variable $m_{\chi \bar{\chi}}$ is not a physical
observable at hadron colliders since it cannot be reconstructed there.
In order to obtain a more realistic results on the interference effect to a realistic DM search at hadron collider,
we need to include those radiations in our events simulation and present the result with a more realistic and
measurable  observable.

In a typical DM search at the LHC, one usually requires an energetic jet in the final state, i.e. mono-jet search.
So we generate the DM pair production in associate with an extra jet at parton level. The events are passed to Pythia6~\cite{Sjostrand:2006za} for parton showering and hadronization. The final state particles are used for reconstructing the physical objects such as isolated lepton and jets. Jets are clustered using the anti-$k_t$ algorithm~\cite{Cacciari:2008gp} with distance parameter of $R=0.4$ as implemented in Fastjet
~\cite{Cacciari:2011ma}.   The benchmark points with $m_{H_2}=400$ GeV  and three different decay widths
for $H_2$ are chosen for representative study because the interference effect here is relatively large.

\begin{figure}[htb] \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{njet}
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{ptj1}
 \caption{\label{fig:pythia} The distributions of the number of reconstructed jets (left) and the transverse momentum of the leading jet (right) for ggF process at 13 TeV LHC, including the radiation of an extra jet and parton shower effect.}
\end{figure}

The distributions of reconstructed jet number $N_{\text{jet}}$ and leading jet transverse momentum $p_T(j_1)$ are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:pythia}. The jets are required to have $p_T(j)>20$ GeV and $|\eta(j)|<4.5$.
Both the frequency and the energy of jet radiation are proportional to the energy scale of a event, which is given by $m_{\chi\chi}$. And the
interference effect tends to increase the event rate in low $m_{\chi\chi}$ region and reduce the event rate in high $m_{\chi\chi}$ region. As a result, we can observe that the $H_1\&H_2$ scenario has lower jet multiplicity and
softer $p_T(j_1)$ distribution comparing to the $H_2$ scenarios. The differences become larger for wider
$H_2$ decay width.

\begin{figure}[htb] \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{eptj1}
 \caption{\label{fig:cuml} The cumulative curve of the $p_T(j_1)$ distribution in ggF process at 13 TeV LHC. }
\end{figure}

A DM search at the LHC usually counts the number of events that pass certain cuts, e.g. $p_T(j_1)>200$ GeV.
Thus the efficiency of the cut is directly related to the search sensitivity. The efficiency for a given cut $p_T(j_1) >
p_T^0(j_1)$ is calculated by integrating the $p_T(j_1)$ distribution in the right panel of Fig.~\ref{fig:pythia} from $p_T^0(j_1)$ to infinity, i.e. the cumulative curve. We present the cumulative curves for different scenarios in Fig.~\ref{fig:cuml}. The difference in efficiencies between $H_1\&H_2$ and $H_2$ scenarios becomes more significant for more stringent $p_T(j_1)$ cut and/or larger $H_2$ decay width.
For example, when $H_2$ width is large $20\times \Gamma_{\min}$, the efficiency ratios (defined as
$\frac{\epsilon(H_1\&H_2)}{\epsilon(H_2)}$) are 0.83 and 0.66 for $p_T(j_1)>100$ GeV and $p_T(j_1)>200$ GeV
cuts, respectively. As for narrower $H_2$ width $5\times \Gamma_{\min}$ the corresponding efficiency ratios are
0.95 and 0.88.

\section{The LHC search bounds}
\label{sec:cms}
Motivated by the gauge invariance of simplified Higgs portal DM models, we have found that the existence
of the additional SM-like Higgs $H_1$ propagator could affect the LHC DM search, both on total production
rate and shape of kinematic variables.
In this section, we will demonstrate the importance of  this influence in a practical analysis at the LHC.

In Ref.~\cite{CMS-PAS-EXO-16-037}, the CMS collaboration reported DM searches in final states with either
an energetic jet or a boosted hadronically decaying vector boson using 12.9 fb$^{-1}$ data set at 13 TeV.
The search is especially relevant to our simplified model in which two Higgs bosons couple strongly to top
quark and vector boson.
In their search, two classes of cuts are designed aiming for the energetic jet and boosted boson respectively.
\begin{itemize}
\item{Mono-jet cuts:} (1). Events are required to have missing transverse momentum $p^{\text{miss}}_T >200$ GeV.  (2). A event is vetoed if it contains any isolated leptons, isolated photons, $\tau$-tagged jets and b-tagged jets. (3). The jets are clustered using anti-$k_t$ algorithm with $R=0.4$ (denoted by $j^{\text{ak4}}$). The leading $j^{\text{ak4}}$ is required to have $p_T(j^{\text{ak4}}_1) > 100$ GeV and $|\eta(j^{\text{ak4}}_1)|<2.5$. (4). The minimum azimuthal angle between the $\vec{p}_T^{\text{miss}}$ and leading four $j^{\text{ak4}}$s with $p_T>30$ GeV is required to be greater than 0.5.
\item{Mono-V cuts:} (1). A more stringent cut on $p^{\text{miss}}_T$ is applied, $p^{\text{miss}}_T >250$ GeV. (2). The final states particles are reclustered using anti-$k_t$ algorithm with $R=0.8$, denoted by $j^{\text{ak8}}$. The leading $j^{\text{ak8}}$ should has $p_T(j^{\text{ak4}}_1) > 250$ GeV and $|\eta(j^{\text{ak8}}_1)|<2.4$. (3). Invariant mass of the leading $j^{\text{ak8}}$ after pruning~\cite{Ellis:2009me} is required to be between 65 and 105 GeV. (4). The N-subjettiness variable $\tau_{N}$~\cite{Thaler:2010tr} is used to discriminate the two prong decays of the vector boson from QCD jets. The leading $j^{\text{ak8}}$ is required to have $\tau_2/\tau_1 <0.6$.
\end{itemize}
Two signal regions (SR) are defined in their analysis based on above cuts: the mono-jet SR and mono-V SR. Events that pass both mono-jet cuts and mono-V cuts are assigned to the mono-V SR. And those that pass the mono-jet cuts while fails any of these mono-V cuts are assigned to the mono-jet SR.
By recasting their analysis on the SM Higgs invisible decay and comparing with their results given in the Fig.15 of Ref.~\cite{CMS-PAS-EXO-16-037}, we can find that the 95\% CL expected upper limit on the number of new physics events in mono-jet SR ($N^{\text{upper}}_{\text{mono-jet}}$) and mono-V SR ($N^{\text{upper}}_{\text{mono-V}}$) are around 10833 and 447.2, respectively. The upper bound will be projected to our simplified Higgs portal DM model with either one or two scalar bosons.

The DM pair can be produced by three processes in our model as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:diag}.
The ggF process itself does not produce any observable signals at detector. Extra energetic jets radiation from either initial state gluon or top quark in the loop can circumvent this issue. The LO cross section for DM pair production in association with a jet is computed by the MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO, where the jet is required to have $p_T(j)>100$ GeV. Meanwhile, the higher order corrections are found to be quite significant in improving the ggF cross section in Higgs production. Using the SusHi program~\cite{Harlander:2012pb,Harlander:2016hcx,Harlander:2002wh}, the NNLO K-factors for Higgs mass $\in [100,500]$ are calculated to be around 2.5. So the production cross section for the ggF process is given by multiplying the LO cross section in MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO with a universal K-factor of 2.5.
Two forward/backward jets are produced in associate with DM pair in VBF processes. The correction to the inclusive VBF Higgs production cross section up to NNLO is found to be only around percent level~\cite{Cacciari:2015jma}. So the LO cross section for DM production in VBF process can be used directly, where we only impose mild cuts on forward/backward jets, $p_T(j)>20$ GeV and $|\eta(j)|<4.5$.
As for the VH process, we include all three vector bosons $W^\pm$ and $Z$ in the final state. Even though only hadronically decaying Vs are considered in the CMS analysis, we do not include the decay branching ratio of the vector bosons when calculating the DM production cross section.
The NLO cross section in QCD is calculated by the MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO.

\begin{figure}[htb] \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{xsec1}
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{xsec20}
 \caption{\label{fig:xsec3} The production cross sections for ggF (black), VBF (red) and VH (blue) processes at 13 TeV LHC. Left panel: The decay width of $H_2$ is $\Gamma_{\min}$. Right panel: A relatively large decay width of $H_2$ is chosen, $20\times \Gamma_{\min}$.
 The difference between the solid and the dashed lines with the same
 color show the importance of the interference effects from two scalar boson propagators.}
\end{figure}

In Fig~\ref{fig:xsec3}, we plot the cross sections of three DM production processes at the 13 TeV LHC.
The main features of this figure regarding the variations of $m_{H_2}$ and $\Gamma(H_2)$ follow the general
arguments that are conducted for Fig.~\ref{fig:xsec}. Beside those, we can observe that the ggF is the most
dominant production process even after applying the stringent cut on the radiated jet. The cross section of VH is around
one to two orders of magnitude smaller than that of ggF. Among three DM production processes, the interference
effect between two propagators is most significant in VH process. This is because the VH process has higher
energy scale than ggF/VBF process due to the heavy vector boson in the final state. The fact that the parton
distribution function of proton favoring small $x$ (which is the energy fraction for a given parton inside the proton) helps to increase the production probability in the low energy scale region, i.e. the constructive interference region.

Next, we should simulate events for calculation of the signal efficiencies in mono-jet search and mono-V search. Signal events are simulated based on the FeynRules/MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO framework as introduced before.  The Pythia6 is used for decaying the vector boson in VH process, as well as for parton showering and hadronization. The realistic detector effects are simulated by the Delphes3~\cite{deFavereau:2013fsa}. For each production process, the same cuts that used in computing the cross section are used in event generation.

Three production processes are analyzed individually. The signal efficiency of mono-jet/mono-V search for a given benchmark point in a production process is defined as the ratio between the number of signal events in mono-jet/mono-V SR and the total number of simulated events. In order to show the influence of the interference effect to signal efficiency, we plot the efficiency ratios between signals with and without $H_1$, i.e. $\epsilon(H_1\&H_2)/\epsilon(H_2)$, for different production processes with varying $\Gamma_{H_2}$ and $m_{H_2}$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:eff2}.

\begin{figure}[htb] \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{ej1}
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{ej20}\\
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{ev1}
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{ev20}
 \caption{\label{fig:eff2} The cut efficiency ratios for mono-jet search (upper panels) and mono-V search (lower panels) in different production processes.
Left panels: The decay width of $H_2$ is $\Gamma_{\min}$. Right panels: A relatively large decay width of $H_2$ is chosen, $20\times \Gamma_{\min}$.  }
\end{figure}

As we can see from the figure, because the interference effect always enhances the production rate in
low energy scale region, the efficiency ratios are smaller than one in most cases.
In mono-jet search, when $m_{H_2} < 2 m_\chi$, the amplitudes of the Feynman diagrams with $H_1$ and $H_2$ propagators are of similar size, so the destructive interference effect is significant, especially in the high energy scale region. When the $H_2$ is not so heavy and has small decay width, the amplitude of $H_2$ becomes dominant once it goes on-shell, $m_{H_2} > 2 m_\chi$. Then, the interference effect is negligible. The interference effect is more important for scenarios with wider $H_2$ decay width. For $m_{H_2} \in [50,500]$ GeV and $\Gamma(H_2) = 20\times \Gamma_{\min}$ the interference effect can change the signal efficiency by around 20\% in ggF and VBF production processes. The VH process is most sensitive to the interference effect because of the higher energy scale, where the efficiency ratio decrease quickly as increasing either $m_{H_2}$ or $\Gamma(H_2)$. For $m_{H_2}=500$ GeV and $\Gamma(H_2)=20\times \Gamma_{\min}$ , the $\epsilon(H_1\&H_2)/\epsilon(H_2)$ in VH process can be as low as $\sim 50\%$, while it is $\sim 80\%$ for $\Gamma(H_2)=\Gamma_{\min}$ or $m_{H_2}=200$ GeV.
Comparing to the mono-jet search, the typical signal efficiency in the mono-V search is more than one order of magnitude smaller, thus larger fluctuations of efficiency ratios due to lower statistics are observed.
For ggF and VH processes, the main trends of $\epsilon(H_1\&H_2)/\epsilon(H_2)$ with varying $m_{H_2}$ and $\Gamma(H_2)$ follow that in the mono-jet search, with an overall shifting downward.
On the other hand, the efficiency ratio of VBF process is quite insensitive to the interference effects in the mono-V search, irrespective of the $H_2$ decay width.

Known the production cross sections and the signal efficiencies, we now able to calculate the CMS search constraints on our models. For a given parameter point, the number of signal events in the mono-jet/mono-V SR is calculated by $\mathcal{L} \times \sigma_i \times \epsilon^{\text{mono-jet/mono-V}}_i$, where $\mathcal{L}=12.9$ fb$^{-1}$ is integrated luminosity and $i$ indicates the production process, ggF, VBF or VH.  The contributions from all three production processes are added up which will be compared with the $N^{\text{upper}}_{\text{mono-jet}}$ in mono-jet search and $N^{\text{upper}}_{\text{mono-V}}$ in mono-V search. The limit on the signal strength
\begin{align}
\mu_{\text{mono-jet/mono-V}} = \frac{\sigma}{\sigma_{\text{theory}}} = \frac{N^{\text{upper}}_{\text{mono-jet/mono-V}}}{\sum_{i={\text{ggF, VBF, VH}}} \mathcal{L} \times \sigma_i \times \epsilon^{\text{mono-jet/mono-V}}_i  }
\end{align}
for $H_1\&H_2$ and $H_2$ scenarios are plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig:excl2}.

\begin{figure}[htb] \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{monoj}
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{monov}
 \caption{\label{fig:excl2} The CMS exclusion limits on our simplified models. Left: upper limit from mono-jet search. Right: upper limit from mono-V search.  }
\end{figure}

From Fig.~\ref{fig:excl2} we can observe  that the features of the exclusion bounds are approximately described
by the inverse of the production cross sections. In the light $H_2$ region $m_{H_2} < 2m_\chi$, the reduction
of cross section due to destructive interference leads to very weak bound in the $H_1\&H_2$ scenario.
The bounds become much more stringent when $m_{H_2} \gtrsim 2m_\chi$ because of the resonant
enhancement, especially for narrow decay width of $H_2$.
However, the interference effect on signal efficiencies also play non-negligible roles in the exclusion bounds.
As we have discussed for Fig.~\ref{fig:xsec}, the interference effect on cross section leads to smaller cross
section when $m_{H_2} \in (2 m_{\chi\chi}, 270~\text{GeV})$ and larger cross section when $m_{H_2} > 270$ GeV. The reduction of signal efficiency from interference effect will the enlarge the difference in search sensitivities for $m_{H_2} \in (2 m_{\chi\chi}, 270~\text{GeV})$ and shrink it for $m_{H_2} > 270$ GeV, as can be seen clearly from the solid and dashed blue curves in Fig.~\ref{fig:excl2}.
Among two searches, the mono-V search has slightly better sensitivity than the mono-jet search. Both of them are indicating that the signal cross section in our model is at least one order of magnitude below the current reach. This is mainly because of the suppression factor of $\sin^2 2\alpha$ in all DM production cross sections. Much larger data set or/and higher hadron collision energy are expected to probe our models.

\begin{table}[h!]\centering
 \begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c|c}
   & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Mono-jet SR} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Mono-V SR}  \\ \cline{2-7}
    & ggF & VBF & VH & ggF & VBF & VH  \\ \hline
  $H_2, \Gamma_{\min}$ & 194.4 & 22.3 & 2.9                & 7.8 & 1.2 & 1.4 \\
  $H_1\&H_2, \Gamma_{\min}$ & 197.0 & 22.7 & 3.2      & 7.7 & 1.3 & 1.5 \\
  $H_2, 20\times\Gamma_{\min}$ & 6.2 & 0.82 & 0.092   & 0.28 & 0.049 & 0.043 \\
  $H_1\&H_2, 20\times\Gamma_{\min}$ & 9.2 & 1.5 & 0.28  & 0.36 & 0.094 & 0.11 \\
 \end{tabular}
 \caption{\label{tab:bench} The number of events of different production processes in mono-jet SR and mono-V SR for each signal process with $m_{H_2}=400$ GeV at 12.9 fb$^{-1}$ 13 TeV LHC. }
\end{table}

The composition of the DM signal in the mono-jet SR and the mono-V SR in terms of three production processes
for the benchmark point with $m_{H_2} = 400$ GeV are provided in Table~\ref{tab:bench}.
For mono-jet search, the ggF is always the most dominant process, the composition of which is around one order
of magnitude larger than that of VBF and around two orders of magnitude larger than that of VH process.
The VH becomes much more important in the mono-V search, whose composition is only a few times smaller
than that of ggF. Note that in mono-V search, there are still large contributions from ggF due the mis-tagging of
boosted vector boson jet. We would also like to point out that the interference effect tends to increase
the composition of VH in both SRs, especially for the scenario with large $H_2$ decay width.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conl}

In this paper, we have considered the collider phenomenology of a gauge invariant and renormalizable model
for singlet fermion DM with Higgs portal. In this model, there appear two neutral scalar bosons formed by
the mixing of the singlet and the doublet Higgs bosons that could mediate the DM production.
In certain kinematic regions, their interference can affect the signal in either destructive or constructive manners.
This leads to very important applications to the DM searches at the LHC which have been largely ignored in
the previous study except in Ref.~\cite{Talk:ko_talks,Baek:2015lna}.

Due to the minus sign in the scalar mixing matrix (\ref{eq:hmix}), the DM production rate is enhanced in
the kinematic region where $m_{H_1}< m_{\chi\chi} <m_{H_2}$ and suppressed in the region of
$m_{\chi\chi}<m_{H_1}$ or  $m_{\chi\chi}>m_{H_2}$, thus affecting  both DM production cross sections and final
state distributions.  The cross section will be reduced substantially when the $m_{H_2}<2 m_{\chi}$,
thereby rendering the collider search for DM less effective than naively expected from the simplified model
without the SM Higgs-like $H_1$  propagator.
For $m_{H_2}>2 m_{\chi}$, the interference effect in cross section changes from destructive to constructive
one with increasing the $H_2$ mass.
Assuming $m_{H_1}<2m_{\chi}$, such that the SM Higgs invisible decay is kinematically forbidden,
the interference effect always enhances the signal events in the low $m_{\chi\chi}$ region.
Since the frequency and the energy of the jet radiation are proportional to $m_{\chi\chi}$, lower jet multiplicity
and less energetic jets in the final state are obtained.
We also find the interference effect becomes more important for larger decay width of $H_2$.

The CMS search for DM in final states with either an energetic jet or a boosted hadronically decaying vector
boson has been applied to scenarios with and without $H_1$. The interference effect will dramatically
reduce the sensitivity in the parameter region $m_{H_2}<2 m_{\chi}$ while the suppression is only mild when
$m_{H_2}$ becomes slightly higher than $2 m_{\chi}$. The sensitivity can even be enhanced when $H_2$ is
significantly higher than $2 m_{\chi}$.
In our model setup the production cross section of DM signals is more than one order of magnitude below the
current LHC search sensitivity, mainly because of the small factor $\sin^2 2\alpha$ in production cross section.

\acknowledgments
This work is supported in part by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Research Grant NRF-2015R1A2A1A05001869 (PK, JL), and by the NRF grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP)
(No. 2009-0083526) through Korea Neutrino Research Center at Seoul National University (PK).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Report Documents Hardships, Solutions for Rural Black Women and Children
Susanna Hegner
As the wealth gap in America widens, one group consistently finds itself at the bottom of the economic opportunity chasm. "On nearly every social indicator of well-being — from income and earnings to obesity and food security — Black women, girls and children in the rural South rank low or last." So finds an eye-opening new study by the Southern Rural Black Women's Initiative of Black Belt counties in Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia.
In Unequal Lives: The State of Black Women and Families in the Rural South, researchers examined poverty, income, employment, education, health, public infrastructure and housing in nine counties across the three states considered persistently poor, meaning at least 20 percent of the population has been impoverished for 30 consecutive years. What they found was alarming: Between 85 and 95 percent of African-American women in seven of those counties lived in poverty, with poverty rates of 56 to 60 percent in the other two. The unemployment rate for black women was four times higher than that of white women in the same counties, and those who did have jobs earned nearly a third less than white women.
The report's author points out the lack of decent public infrastructure exacerbates the challenging economic situation by isolating rural communities and making it harder for residents to find and access jobs, school and medical care. In rural Mississippi, for example, the study found only 59 percent of residents had Internet access—the lowest rate in America—and public transportation was extremely limited. The ongoing dearth of connectivity, vital services, higher education institutions and job opportunities has driven young people out of these communities and into urban areas, perpetuating a cycle of "brain drain."
Through an array of initiatives, SRBWI addresses poverty and inequality in 77 rural Black Belt counties that are among the most neglected in the country. Its Young Women's Leadership Institute connects participants with community projects and mentors. The Women in Agriculture and Alternative Economies Project supports entrepreneurship rooted in sustainable, cooperative agriculture and textile manufacturing. Its Human Rights Commissions increases civic engagement for rural, low-income women.
SRBWI has incubated several alternative-economy startups, generating income for hundreds of women, jobs for local youth and healthy food for communities. Among them are a regional sewing co-op, cultural tourism initiatives and an agricultural network connecting farmers with food hubs, schools and other markets. SRBWI worked with municipal leaders and community-based organizations to repurpose an abandoned school into a USDA-certified commercial kitchen to incubate worker-owned businesses.
The Initiative is making great strides toward a more equitable economic model in the Black Belt, but it can't do it alone. While the findings in Unequal Lives are staggering, the report contains several specific recommendations for the rural South, including:
Alternative enterprise development, job creation and training for low-income women and families in careers with opportunities for mobility
Targeted investments and tax incentives for enterprises, place-based alternative economic development and worker-ownership models
Early links to the labor market for young people in the rural South
Expanded work supports, such as transportation, childcare and tax credits for low-income families as they work toward economic security
Increased philanthropic investments in efforts to close gaps and remove barriers to equity and opportunity for low-income black women, girls and families
Improved public infrastructure–including reliable broadband and transportation systems—and tax incentives to attract supermarkets, financial institutions and businesses to high-need, rural communities
With persistence, collaboration, inclusive policies, and strategic public and private investment, the rural South can make real progress on persistent poverty and glaring inequality. In her introduction to Unequal Lives, SRBWI Cofounder Shirley Sherrod writes, "It is our hope that the report will spark a dialogue and open up conversations about how to create an economy and build communities that work for all citizens, including those living in the rural South."
Author: Susanna Hegner
Southern Rural Black Women's Initiative
Shirley Sherrod


text:
Product Life Cycle Stages
product life cycle stages explained
PLM Software Guide
We are here to educate on the product life cycle stages and help people understand the strenths and weaknesses of this concept. By explaining the product life cycle stages, we clearly define the phase, each with its own characteristics that will have different impact on each reader depending on their particular situation. We discuss introduction, growth, maturity and decline.
We also go into new product development, because before a product comes to market, it must be developed. This is where most of product's costs are determined because these costs are "designed in" before the first product every rolls off the assembly line. New products need to be developed constantly as existing product move to the maturity phase and replace revenue lost to new competitors in the market.
And the Product Life Cycle model does have its flaws. We cover that as well in the challenges section of our site. To understand the difficulties of using the Product Life Cycle Curve, just look at it in a little more detail and you will find that profit as well as revenue should be a key component of your analysis.
We look forward to your feedback on our site.
NEW PLM Software Guide
The Complete Guide to PLM Software
Product Life Cycle Challenges
Expanding the Product Life Cycle
What is Product Life Cycle Management
New Product Development Stages
Product Life Cycle Examples
PLM Software – The Complete Guide to Product Life Cycle Management Software
Product Management Jobs
New product development process explained, step by step
The Stages Explained
As consumers, we buy millions of products every year. And just like us, these products have a life cycle. Older, long-established products eventually … [Read More...]
What is PLC?
Just about all manufactured products have a limited life, and during this life they will pass through four product life cycle stages; Introduction, … [Read More...]
Developing Products
Before a product can embark on its journey through the four product life cycle stages, it has to be developed. New product development is typically a … [Read More...]
Most consumers probably aren't aware of the product life cycle stages. Even though they make a conscious decision to switch from one product to … [Read More...]
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text:
Wang Shaw-lan (chino: 王效蘭; pinyin: Wáng Xiàolán, nacida en 1941) es una empresaria taiwanesa, dueña y editora del diario United Daily News.

Biografía

Wang nació en Chongqing, aunque sus raíces familiares proceden de Zhejiang. Es la mayor de 5 hermanos. En 1947, su padre Wang Tiwu, coronel del ejército de Chiang Kai-shek, marchó a Taiwán junto al líder nacionalista. Allí fundaría el periódico United Daily News, en 1951.

Wang Shaw-lan estudió periodismo en Taipéi, en la Universidad de Shih Hsin, donde se graduó en 1964. A continuación, trabajó como reportera en el periódico familiar. Se casó con un piloto de la fuerza aérea y vivió en Suiza con su familia. Más tarde regresó a Taiwán, para hacerse cargo del periódico.

Lanvin
En agosto de 2001, a través de su holding Harmonie SA, Wang compró Lanvin, la más antigua casa de moda en funcionamiento de París, propiedad de L'Oréal. Ese mismo año, Wang contrató al estilista y diseñador israelí Alber Elbaz como responsable de la línea de diseño Lanvin.

Wang Shaw-lan también fue directora de los periódicos Min Sheng Bao y Europe Journal, que no pudieron sortear la crisis económica y desaparecieron en 2006 y 2009, respectivamente.

Distinciones
Obtuvo dos distinciones de la Legión de Honor francesa, así como el nombramiento de caballero de la Orden de las Artes y las Letras de Francia.

Referencias

Caballeros de la Orden de las Artes y las Letras
Galardonados con la Legión de Honor
Personas vivas

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The Secretary shall make grants to academic departments, programs and other academic units of institutions of higher education that provide courses of study leading to a graduate degree, including a master's or doctoral degree, in order to enable such institutions to provide assistance to graduate students in accordance with this subpart.
has necessary research resources not otherwise readily available in such institutions to such students.
The principal criterion for the award of grants shall be the relative quality of the graduate programs presented in competing applications. Consistent with an allocation of awards based on quality of competing applications, the Secretary shall, in awarding such grants, promote an equitable geographic distribution among eligible public and private institutions of higher education.
The Secretary shall award a grant under this subpart for a period of 3 years.
The Secretary shall award a grant to an academic department, program or unit of an institution of higher education under this subpart for a fiscal year in an amount that is not less than $100,000 and not greater than $750,000.
Whenever the Secretary determines that an academic department, program or unit of an institution of higher education is unable to use all of the amounts available to the department, program or unit under this subpart, the Secretary shall, on such dates during each fiscal year as the Secretary may fix, reallot the amounts not needed to academic departments, programs and units of institutions which can use the grants authorized by this subpart.
The Secretary shall make new grant awards under this subpart only to the extent that each previous grant recipient under this subpart has received continued funding in accordance with subsection (b)(2)(A).
To the extent that appropriations under this subpart are insufficient to comply with paragraph (1), available funds shall be distributed by ratably reducing the amounts required to be awarded under subsection (b)(2)(A).
Provisions similar to this section were contained in section 1134m of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244.
A prior section 1135, Pub. L. 89–329, title X, § 1001, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title X, § 1001(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1489; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title X, § 1001, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 778, related to Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244, § 3, title VII, § 702, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1585, 1803, effective Oct. 1, 1998. See section 1138 of this title.
Another prior section 1135, Pub. L. 89–329, title X, § 1001, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title I, § 186(a)(1), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 312; amended Pub. L. 93–380, title VIII, § 837, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 606; Pub. L. 94–482, title I, § 176(a)(3)–(5), title V, § 501(a)(20), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2165, 2236; Pub. L. 95–180, § 1(c), Nov. 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 1372; Pub. L. 96–49, § 53(a), Aug. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 354, related to development plans for expansion or improvement of postsecondary education programs in community colleges, prior to repeal by section 1001(a) of Pub. L. 96–374.
Another prior section 1135, Pub. L. 89–329, title X, § 1001, as added Pub. L. 90–575, title II, § 271, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1047, contained Congressional statement of purpose respecting improvement of graduate programs, prior to the general amendment of subchapter X of this chapter by Pub. L. 92–318.
A prior section 711 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132b of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.
Another prior section 711 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132b of this title, prior to the general amendment of part A of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.
Another prior section 711 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132b of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 99–498.
2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–315 inserted ", including a master's or doctoral degree," after "leading to a graduate degree".


text:
Want to vote Libertarian be always felt you were wasting your vote. Is this the year?
Thread starter Smeagol
Is now the time for people to vote Libertarian?
No. The stakes are still too high to gamble with your vote.
Yes. Too few people like the Dem or Rep candidates. Perfect time.
I don't want to see the Libertarians becaome mainsteam.
A major third party is setting up American for a minority supported executive branch. Bad idea.
Smeagol
I know people who want to see the Libertarian party become as mainstream as the Republicans and Democrats but always felt the stakes were too high to "throw away" their vote on an unelectable candidate. At the same time, part of the reason a third party isn't emerging is because none have proven to be significantly popular enough to gain traction and interest. With the unfavorable numbers in both the likely Republican and and Democrat nominees so high, is this the year we should start making the American people consider a third option?
Carjosse
Sit Nomine Digna
Re: Want to vote Libertarian be always felt you were wasting your vote. Is this the y
If the Libertarian want to become relevant I believe they should work on being elected to the House or Senate first.
MrWonka
Smeagol said:
I'm voting Democrat no matter what so you can take this with a grain of salt. Obviously if you'd normally vote Republican and hate Hillary I think you'd be wise to vote libertarian instead of Trump. If you'd normally vote Democrat though I'd say you should stick with Hillary since she's the only candidate that can realistically defeat Trump.
All kidding aside though.... If the libertarian party would like to attempt to force it's way into the big time this is the time to do it. I've long predicted that the Republican party had to eventually fracture. It's happening sooner than I thought, and not exactly along the lines that I thought, but it's close. If Gary Johnson can get even 5-10% of the vote you'll at the very least force republicans and democrats to take you a bit more seriously in 2020.
Ikari
MrWonka said:
If the LP gained that much, the Republocrat party would work harder to suppress the third parties.
pinqy
Carjosse said:
I disagree. That would be harder because a handful of Libertarians can do nothing in the Senate or House. They would need enough to be able to spoil either party's plurality and that's harder to do. President is a different matter.
pinqy said:
But then people might actually know what they stand for.
Sherman123
I'm not a Libertarian and don't want to see a third party gain traction just because its a third party. I do not want them to be successful anymore than I want my other political opponents to be successful.
Van Basten
Black Is Smart
The New New Frontier
It's never the right time to vote right-libertarian, it's never the time in general.
I trust the American people will never be that dumb and that cruel.
SocialD
In local elections absolutely. but in order to make it more mainstream you cant start with national elections it just isn't feasible. YOu have to make '3rd parties' more common in city , county and state governments before they will have a practical chance of becoming mainstream on the national scene.
its a problem however that most people don't pay attention to anything except presidential elections. On average maybe half the people or so vote during those elections. during midterm national elections its more in the mid 30%.
State an local elections vary but in the few states I could find data its often less than 10% on state elections.
I also came across data that shows that this has dwindled significantly over the years. in the 1950s about ~15% more people turned out to vote than do now. and slowly declined since.
If you get more 3rd party in your city county and state offices.. and they perform well then they have a decent chance in a congressional election should they decide to run for office on the national scale. get one in the house they represent well they move to senate etc.. over a several election cycles they become mainstream. wont happen overnight and wont happy from the top down .
Well this is interesting.
Pay Attention To Libertarian Gary Johnson; He's Pulling 10 Percent vs. Trump And Clinton | FiveThirtyEight
NeverTrump
Exposing GOP since 2015
Post-Trump America
Are you serious? Both Bernie Sanders and Trump are more libertarian than any other candidate in modern history. Together form the bulk of the Libertarian Platform. There is also no better time to be a pissed off citizen or disenfranchised voter. Which also happens to make up a good chunk of the Libertarian base. I don't want to see Libertarians gain power because frankly I just don't agree with their misplaced Utopian daydreams.
So another question one must ask oneself here about the legitimacy of the libertarian movement circa 2016. I ask this: Can you trust the people you would be voting with? That means, you have to not like Trump and not like Sanders and not like Clinton! I am one of those people. Yet I don't share any of the Libertarian Principles that were fought over to the death on the internet in 2008 and 2012. I also don't want to vote for the libertarian ticket because of the weirdo candidates that they also put up!
I find it hard to justify Gary Johnson getting 10% of the vote and feel that as Donald Trump has turned the political world upside down the majority of his (johnson's) support has converted some of the normal party goers/status quo people over to the ticket. Principles have seemingly gone out the window in this election and I would find it extremely hypocritical if Libertarians couldn't find a reason to vote for Trump or Sanders, depending if they are right or left libertarian. Why wouldn't they?
Fiddytree
Neocon Elitist
ModerateGOP said:
You are conflating being perpetually and hopelessly pissed off with being a Libertarian. Libertarians tend to be perpetually and hopelessly pissed off people, but they tend to not agree with other people who are perpetually and hopelessly pissed off.
Fiddytree said:
Then why don't I see the pissed off Jeb Bush conspiracy kooks saying that Jeb Bush was supposed to win such and such state? I only saw that against the Cruz campaign and that was not on the same level as the Ron Paul people or the Santorum people against Romney and his supposed inside track. You see a similar pattern of pissed off people agreeing with each other that Bernie Sanders (even though he has mathematically no shot and the rules have been in place for decades) should be winning. Those same Ron Paul people are happy that the Sanders people are spreading their message! Populism doesn't stay inside party lines. At least, not anymore...
jamesrage
I picked other.Every election is the time to vote 3rd party or what ever candidate it is you want to vote for. As long as people settle for the lesser of two evils, then evil always wins. People let themselves every election be intimidated by the die hard party-tards who claim that if you vote 3rd party then you are throwing you vote away or voting for the opposition.Party-tards always want their party to win,so of course they are going to say if you vote 3rd party then you are really voting for Clinton if you vote 3rd party then you are really voting for Trump.So as long as people fall for that bull**** a 3rd party president will never happen.
Cyrylek
Considering that we are having two utterly anti-libertarian and utterly unpopular major candidates, the moment is now. If the double-governor Johnson/Weld ticket materializes, it even could lead somewhere - for example, to capturing a few states and denying 270 electoral votes to either abomination. A responsible voter, in my view, should watch the polls closer to the election, and vote Libertarian if there is a realistic chance of winning the state, and for the Robot-Lizard Lady, as a lesser (though still serious) evil, otherwise.
cpwill
USofA
Phys251 said:
Gary Johnson isn't the nominee yet - we'll find out this weekend. Libertarian polling has Austin Petersen beating him. Petersen has greater ability to appeal to disaffected Republicans, and greater presence while speaking, but is young, and has never held government office.
Are you serious? Both Bernie Sanders and Trump are more libertarian than any other candidate in modern history.
.... this is sarcasm, yes?
cpwill said:
Tell me how Gary Johnson is any different than the others and I'll give you just as much evidence that he is exactly the same!
Gary Johnson =/= Libertarian, any more than "Donald Trump" = "GOP".
Both Sanders and Trump want to vastly increase the size and scope of the federal government, to include its ability to control and steer our lives. That's not exactly whatcha call "Libertarian".
Gary Johnson isn't the nominee yet - we'll find out this weekend. Libertarian polling has Austin Petersen beating him.
But not really (outside of sloppy online polls): http://hammeroftruth.com/2016/libertarian-party-membership-survey-2016/
So suppose a Libertarian candidate was elected President. How would they get anything on their agenda through Congress?
Cyrylek said:
But not really (outside of sloppy online polls): Libertarian Party Membership Survey 2016 · Hammer of Truth
That's why you always do source validation; thanks for the correction.
jet57
not here
Libertarians are too Ayn Rand for my taste.
Both Johnson and Weld are moderate libertarians and governed in NM and MA as libertarian Republicans. Neither was a radical, and both accomplished a lot. It is a little surprising that the radical Libertarian (capital L) Party seems to be embracing them, but - great!
Moon said:
Easy: cooperate with GOP on constitutional and economic issues, with Democrats on immigration and social stuff.


text:
'Too weird to live, too rare to die!'
The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves
Shortlisted for the BBC Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-fiction 2011.
Life is on the up.
We are wealthier, healthier, happier, kinder, cleaner, more peaceful, more equal and longer-lived than any previous generation. Thanks to the unique human habits of exchange and specialisation, our species has found innovative solutions to every obstacle it has faced so far.
In 'The Rational Optimist', acclaimed science writer Matt Ridley comprehensively refutes the doom-mongers of our time, and reaches back into the past to give a rational explanation for why we can – and will – overcome the challenges of the future, such as climate change and the population boom.
Bold and controversial, it is a brilliantly confident assertion that the 21st century will be the best for humankind yet.
Reviews of The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves
'A triumphant blast on the vuvuzela of common sense' Boris Johnson
'A glorious defence of our species… a devastating rebuke to humanity's self-haters' Sunday Times
'No other book has argued with such brilliance against the automatic pessimism that prevails' Ian McEwan
'His theory is, in a way, the glorious offspring that would result if Charles Darwin's ideas were mated with those of Adam Smith' The Economist
'Original, clever and controversial' Guardian
'As a work of bold historical positivity it is to be welcomed. At every point cheerfulness keeps breaking through' The Times
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(i) Due to the long response time of glaciers, mass loss committed by past forcing but not yet realized, is a strong component of glacier mass change on annual to decadal (in some regions even centennial) timescales. This mass loss commitment forms the basis for a relatively strong and spatially fine-grained predictability of future glacier mass change. We will quantify the committed mass losses on the global scale, subsequently leading to a quantification of committed regional SLR.
(ii) It has been shown that modes of internal variability (e.g., NAO and IOD) cause a significant fraction to regional glacier mass change on interannual timescales. However, a comprehensive analysis on the global scale is missing. We will perform this analysis, quantifying the uncertainty in mass loss (and SLR) projections associated with internal variability.
(iii) Natural forcing of the climate system has a significant effect on the global glacier mass budget (e.g., ~1 mm drop of sea level after each major volcanic eruption through glacier mass gain). As with the internal variability, we will quantify the uncertainty of projections attributable to this mechanism.
(iv) It has been shown that the impact of anthropogenic forcing is detectable in past glacier mass change; but so far, no specific attribution to its individual components has been done. Analyzing the impact of individual anthropogenic forcings on the glacier mass budget will allow us to isolate the impact of different emission scenarios on projected glacier mass change and associated SLR.
For all these four mechanisms, we will perform hindcast experiments in order to obtain a comprehensive uncertainty assessment. We will then perform ensemble projections in order to test whether the ensemble spread can in fact be explained by the predictability and attribution analysis.
Anthropogenic fraction of total glacier mass loss, annual values (gray), and running mean over 20-year periods (blue); the solid line is the ensemble mean; shading indicates one ensemble standard deviation. Updated from Marzeion et al. (2014).
The PARSL-Glac project is also a member of the Focusgroup Cryosphere and Sea Level (FCS).


text:
Marie af Ungarn (født 14. april 1371, død 17. maj 1395) var datter af kong Ludvig 1. af Ungarn og Elisabeth af Bosnien. Hun arvede kongeriget Ungarn, mens hendes yngre søster Hedvig af Polen besteg den polske trone, da polakkerne ikke ønskede at fortsætte unionen med Ungarn.

Biografi
Efter sin ældre søster Katarinas død i 1378 blev Marie hyldet som tronarving til både Ungarn og Polen efter sin far. Hun trolovedes samtidig med Sigismund af Luxemburg, som ifølge parternes aftale skulle blive hendes medregent efter vielsen.

Ved faderens død i 1382 arvede Marie Ungarns krone. Moderen var regent under hendes umyndighed. Den polske adel forhindrede hendes tiltræden af Polens trone ved at kræve, at den fremtidige monark skulle bo i Polen. I stedet valgtes Maries lillasøster Hedvig i 1384 til polsk monark.

Ungarn truedes af invasion fra både Maries trolovede Sigismund og hendes slægting Karl af Neapel, som begge ønskede at overtage tronen. Hendes mor trolovede hende derfor med en søn af Frankrigs konge. I 1385 giftede Marie sig med Sigismund af Luxemburg, efter han havde invaderet landet. Efter bryllupet begav Sigismund sig til Bøhmen. Ungarns opposition indbød Karl III af Neapel, som hyldedes som monark. Maries mor Elisabeth fik ham dog myrdet i februar 1386.

Et oprør under Johan Horvath brød da ud i Kroatien til fordel for Karls søn, Ladislaus. Elisabeth og Marie tilfangetoges af fjenden, da de færdedes i krigsområdet, og Ladislaus mor og formynder krævede, at Elisabeth blev henrettet, fordi hun myrdede Karl. Elisabeth kvaltes, mens Marie forblev i fangenskab.

Nu betragtedes Ungarns trone som vakant, og Marias mand Sigismund hyldedes som Ungarns konge i Budapest. Den 4. juni 1387 befriedes Maria af Sigismund og genindsattes som Ungarns monark. Parret regerede nu efter den oprindelige overenskomst som samregenter. Marie havde sit eget segl og undertegnede statlige handlinger og dokumenter, men hun syntes mest have bekræftet Sigismunds handlinger snarere end have ført en selvstændig politik. I 1394 blev Johan Horvath endelig taget til fange, og Maria gav ordren til hans henrettelse. Maria omkom gravid efter fald fra en hest.

Litteratur

 Duggan, Anne J. (2002). Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe: Proceedings of a Conference Held at King's College London, April 1995. Boydell Press. .

 Engel, Pal; Ayton, Andrew; Pálosfalvi, Tamás (1999). The realm of St. Stephen: a history of medieval Hungary, 895–1526 Volume 19 of International Library of Historical Studies. Penn State Press. .

 Goodman, Anthony; Gillespie, James; (2003). Richard II: The Art of Kingship. Oxford University Press. .

 Grierson, Philip; Travaini, Lucia (1998). Medieval European coinage: with a catalogue of the coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, Volume 14. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .

 Gromada, Tadeusz; Halecki, Oskar; (1991). Jadwiga of Anjou and the rise of East Central Europe. Social Science Monographs. .

 Jones, Michael; McKitterick, Rosamond (2000). The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 1300-c. 1415. Cambridge University Press. .

Regerende dronninger af Ungarn
Huset Anjou
Katolske monarker