text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will observe the sky in very-high-energy
(VHE, E > 20$\,$GeV) gamma-ray light soon. CTA will consist of large telescope
arrays at two sites, one in the southern (Chile) and one in the northern (La
Palma) hemisphere. It will perform surveys of large parts of the sky, targeted
observations on Galactic and extra-galactic sources, and more specialized
analyses like a measurement of charged cosmic rays, constraints on the
intergalactic medium opacity for gamma-rays and a search for dark matter.
Compared to current Cherenkov telescope arrays such as H.E.S.S., VERITAS or
MAGIC, CTA will have a much improved detection area, angular and energy
resolution, improved signal/background classification and sensitivity. CTA is
expected to operate for thirty years, and all astronomers will have access to
CTA high-level data, as well as CTA science tools (ST) software. The ST can be
used for example to generate sky images and to measure source properties such as
morphology, spectra and light curves, using event lists as well as instrument
response function (IRF) and auxiliary information as input.

Gammapy is a prototype for the CTA ST, built on the scientific Python stack and
Astropy \cite{astropy}, optionally using Sherpa \cite{sherpa2001, sherpa2009,
sherpa2011} or other packages for modeling and fitting (see
Figure~\ref{fig:stack}). A 2\hbox{-}dimensional analysis of the sky images for
source detection and morphology fitting, followed by spectral analysis, was
first  implemented. A 3\hbox{-}dimensional analysis with a simultaneous spatial
and spectral model of the gamma-ray emission, as well as background (called
``cube analysis'' in the following) is under development.
A first study comparing spectra obtained with the classical 1D analysis and the
3D cube analysis using point source observations with H.E.S.S. is presented in
\cite{lea}. Further developments and verification using data from existing
Cherenkov telescope arrays such as H.E.S.S. and MAGIC, as well as simulated CTA
data is ongoing.
Gammapy is now used for scientific studies with existing ground-based gamma-ray
telescopes \cite{hgps, shells}, the Fermi-LAT space telescope \cite{owen2015},
as well as for CTA \cite{julien, roberta, cyril}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{figures/gammapy-stack}
\caption{
The Gammapy software stack. Required dependencies (Python, Numpy and Astropy)
are illustrated with solid arrows, optional dependencies (Scipy and Sherpa) with
dashed arrows.
}
\label{fig:stack}
\end{figure}

In this writeup we focus on the software and technical aspects of Gammapy.We
start with a brief overview of the context in Section~\ref{sec:context},
followed by a description of the Gammapy package in Section~\ref{sec:package},
the Gammapy project in Section~\ref{sec:project} and finally our conclusions
concerning Gammapy as as CTA science tool prototype in
Section~\ref{sec:conclusions}.

\section{Context}
\label{sec:context}

Prior to Gammapy, in 2011/2012, a collection of Python scripts for the analysis
of IACT data was released as a first test of open-source VHE data analysis
software: ``PyFACT: Python and FITS Analysis for Cherenkov Telescopes''
\cite{pyfact}. This project is not updated anymore, but it was the first
implementation of our idea to build a CTA science tools package based on  Python
and using Numpy and Scipy, during the first development stages of the CTA
project. In 2011, the astronomical Python community came together and created
the Astropy project and package \cite{astropy}, which is a key factor making
Python the most popular language for astronomical research codes (at least
according to this informal analysis \cite{perry} and survey
\cite{momcheva2015}). Gammapy is an Astropy affiliated package, which means that
where possible it uses the Astropy core package instead of duplicating its
functionality, as well as having a certain quality standard such as having
automated tests and documentation for the available functionality. In recent
years, several other packages have adopted the same approach, to build on
Python, Numpy and Astropy. To name just a few, there is ctapipe (\href{https://github.com/cta-observatory/ctapipe}{github.com/cta-observatory/ctapipe}),
the prototype for the low-level CTA data processing pipeline (up to the creation
of lists of events and IRFs); Naima for modeling the non-thermal spectral energy
distribution of astrophysical sources \cite{naima}; PINT, a new software for
high-precision pulsar timing (\href{https://github.com/nanograv/PINT}{github.com/nanograv/PINT}), and Fermipy (\href{https://github.com/fermipy/fermipy}{github.com/fermipy/fermipy}), a Python
package that facilitates analysis of data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT)
with the Fermi Science Tools and adds some extra functionality.

We note that many other astronomy projects have chosen Python and Astropy as the
basis both for their data calibration and reduction pipelines and their science
tools. Some prominent examples are the Hubble space telescope (HST)
\cite{hubble}, the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) \cite{jwst} and
the Chandra X-ray observatory \cite{sherpa2001, chandra}. Even projects like
LSST that started their analysis software developments before Astropy existed
and are based on C++/SWIG are now actively working towards making their software
interoperable with Numpy and Astropy, to avoid duplication of code and
development efforts, but also to reduce the learning curve for their science
tool software (since many astronomers already are using Python, Numpy and
Astropy) \cite{lsst}.

For current ground-based IACTs, data and software are mostly private to the
collaborations operating the telescopes. CTA will be, for the first time in VHE
gamma-ray astronomy, operated as an open observatory. This implies fundamentally
different requirements for the data formats and software tools. Along this path,
the current experiments, H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS, have started converting
their data to FITS format, yet relying on different (some private, some open)
analysis tools, and many slightly different ways to store the same information
in FITS files appeared. The CTA high-level data model and data format
specifications  are currently being written and will give a framework to the
current experiments to store data. The methods to link events to IRFs still have
to be extended to  support multiple event types and the IRF and background model
formats will have to be  extended to be more precise \cite{opendata}. The
Gammapy team is participating  in and contributing to the effort to prototype
and find a good high-level data  model and formats for CTA.

\section{Gammapy package}
\label{sec:package}

Gammapy offers the high-level analysis tools to generate science results
(images, spectra, light curves and source catalogs) based on input data
consisting of reconstructed events (with an arrival direction and an energy)
that are  classified according to their types (e.g. gamma-like,
cosmic-ray-like). In the data processing chain of CTA, the reconstruction and
classification of events are realized by another Python package,
ctapipe\footnote{\href{https://github.com/cta-observatory/ctapipe}{github.com/cta-observatory/ctapipe}}. Data are stored in FITS format. The high-level
analysis consists of:
\vspace{-0.3cm}
\begin{itemize}
\setlength\itemsep{-0.5em}

\item selection of a data cube (energy and positions) around a sky position from
all event lists,

\item computation of the corresponding exposure,

\item estimation the background directly from the data (e.g. with a
ring background model \cite{berge}) or from a model (e.g. templates built from
real data beforehand),

\item creation of sky images (signal, background, significance, etc) and
morphology fitting,

\item spectrum measurement with a 1D analysis or with a 3D analysis by adjusting both spectral and spatial shape of gamma-ray sources,

\item computation of light-curves and phasograms, search for transient signals,

\item derivation of a catalog of excess peaks (or a source catalog).

\end{itemize}
\vspace{-0.28cm}
For such an analysis, Gammapy is using the IRFs produced by the ctapipe  package
and processes them precisely to get an accurate estimation of high-level
astrophysical quantities.

The Gammapy code base is structured into several sub-packages dedicated to
specific classes  where each of the packages bundle corresponding functionality
in a namespace (e.g. data and observation handling in \textit{gammapy.data}, IRF
functionality in \textit{gammapy.irf}, spectrum estimation and modeling in
\textit{gammapy.spectrum} \ldots). The Gammapy features are described in detail
in the Gammapy documentation (\href{http://docs.gammapy.org}{docs.gammapy.org}) and many examples given in the
tutorial-style Jupyter notebooks, as well as in \cite{gammapy-icrc2015}.
Figure~\ref{fig:app} shows one result of the ``CTA data analysis with Gammapy''
notebook: a significance sky image of the Galactic center region using 1.5~hours
of simulated CTA data. The background was estimated using the ring background
estimation technique, and peaks above 5~sigma are shown with white circles. For
examples of CTA science studies using Gammapy, we refer you to other posters
presented at this conference: Galactic survey \cite{roberta}, PeVatrons
\cite{cyril} and extra-galactic sources \cite{julien}. Several other examples
using real data from H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT, as well as simulated data for CTA
can be found via \href{http://docs.gammapy.org}{docs.gammapy.org}\ by following the link to ``tutorial
notebooks''.

The Gammapy Python package is primarily built on Numpy \cite{numpy}, and Astropy
\cite{astropy} as core dependencies. Data is stored in Numpy arrays or objects
such as \textit{astropy.coordinates.SkyCoord} or \textit{astropy.table.Table}
that hold Numpy array data members. Numpy provides many functions for
array-oriented computing and numerics, and Astropy provides astronomy-specific
functionality. The Astropy functionality most commonly used in Gammapy is
\textit{astropy.io.fits} for FITS data I/O, \textit{astropy.table.Table} as a
container for tabular data (e.g. event lists, but also many other things like
spectral points or source catalogs), \textit{astropy.wcs.WCS} for world
coordinate systems mapping pixel to sky coordinates, as well as
\textit{astropy.coordinates.SkyCoord} and \textit{astropy.time.Time} objects to
represent sky coordinates and times. Astropy.coordinates  as well as
astropy.time are built on ERFA (\href{https://github.com/liberfa/erfa}{github.com/liberfa/erfa}), the open-source variant of this IAU
Standards of Fundamental Astronomy (SOFA) C library (\href{http://www.iausofa.org}{www.iausofa.org}). In Gammapy, we
use \textit{astropy.units.Quantity} objects extensively, where a quantity is a
Numpy array with a unit attached, supporting arithmetic in computations and
making it easier to read and write code that does computations involving
physical quantities.

As an example, a script that generates a counts image from an event list using
Gammapy is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:code_example}. The point we want to make
here is that it is possible to efficiently work with events and pixels and to
implement algorithms from Python, by storing all data in Numpy arrays and
processing via calls into existing C extensions in Numpy and Astropy. E.g. here
\textit{EventList} stores the RA and DEC columns from the event list as Numpy
arrays, and \textit{SkyImage} the pixel data as well, and
\textit{image.fill(events)}, and all processing happens in existing C extensions
implemented or wrapped in Numpy and Astropy. In this example, the \textit{read}
and \textit{write} methods call into \textit{astropy.io.fits} which calls into
CFITSIO (\cite{cfitsio}), and the \textit{image.fill(events)} method calls into
\textit{astropy.wcs.WCS} and WCSLib (\cite{wcslib}) as well as
\textit{numpy.histogramdd}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{examples/code_events_image}
\caption{
An example script using Gammapy to make a counts image from an event list. This
is used in Section~\protect\ref{sec:package} to explain how Gammapy achieves
efficient processing of event and pixel data from Python: all data is stored in
Numpy arrays and passed to existing C extensions in Numpy and Astropy.
}
\label{fig:code_example}
\end{figure}

Gammapy aims to be a base package on which other more specialized packages such
as Fermipy (\href{https://github.com/fermipy/fermipy}{github.com/fermipy/fermipy}) for Fermi-LAT data analysis or Naima \cite{naima} for
the modeling of non-thermal spectral energy distributions of astrophysical
sources can build. For this reason we avoid introducing new required
dependencies besides Numpy and Astropy. That said, Gammapy does import the
following optional dependencies to provide extra functionality (sorted in the
order of how common their use is within Gammapy). Scipy \cite{scipy} is used for
integration and interpolation, Matplotlib \cite{matplotlib} for plotting and
Sherpa \cite{sherpa2001, sherpa2009, sherpa2011} for modeling and fitting. In
addition, the following packages are used at the moment for functionality that
we expect to become available in the Astropy core package within the next year:
\textit{regions} (\href{https://astropy-regions.readthedocs.io}{astropy-regions.readthedocs.io}) to handle sky and pixel regions,
\textit{reproject} (\href{https://reproject.readthedocs.io}{reproject.readthedocs.io}) for reprojecting sky images and cubes and
\textit{healpy} (\href{https://healpy.readthedocs.io}{healpy.readthedocs.io}) for HEALPix data handling.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{figures/gammapy_example_sky_image.png}
\caption{
Application example: significance image for the Galactic centre region using
1.5~hours of simulated CTA data. White circles are peaks above 5~sigma.
}
\label{fig:app}
\end{figure}

\section{Gammapy project}
\label{sec:project}

In this section we describe the current setup of the Gammapy project. We are using the common tools and services for Python open-source projects for software
development, code review, testing, documentation, package distribution and user
support.

Gammapy is distributed and installed in the usual way for Python packages. Each
stable release is uploaded to the Python package index (\href{https://pypi.python.org}{pypi.python.org}), and
downloaded and installed by users via \textit{pip install gammapy} (\href{https://pip.pypa.io}{pip.pypa.io}).
Binary packages for conda are available via the conda Astropy channel
(\href{https://anaconda.org/astropy/gammapy}{anaconda.org/astropy/gammapy}) for Linux, Mac and Windows, which conda users can install
via \textit{conda install gammapy -c astropy}. Binary packages for the Macports
package manager are also available, which users can install via \textit{port
install gammapy}. At this time, Gammapy is also available as a Gentoo Linux
package (\href{https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/dev-python/gammapy}{packages.gentoo.org/packages/dev-python/gammapy}) and a Debian Linux package is in preparation.

Gammapy development happens on Github (\href{https://github.com/gammapy/gammapy}{github.com/gammapy/gammapy}). We make extensive use
of the pull request system to discuss and review code contributions. For testing
we use pytest (\href{https://pytest.org}{pytest.org}), for continuous integration Travis-CI (Linux and Mac)
as well as Appveyor (Windows). For documentation Sphinx (\href{http://www.sphinx-doc.org}{www.sphinx-doc.org}), for
tutorial-style documentation Jupyter notebooks (\href{https://jupyter.org}{jupyter.org}) are used. For
Gammapy developer team communication we use Slack (\href{https://gammapy.slack.com}{gammapy.slack.com}). A public
mailing list for user support and discussion is available (\href{https://groups.google.com/forum/\#!forum/gammapy}{groups.google.com/forum/\#!forum/gammapy}).
Two face-to-face meetings for Gammapy were organized so far, the first on in
June 2016 in Heidelberg as a coding sprint for developers only, the second on in
February 2017 in Paris as a workshop for both Gammapy users and developers.

Gammapy is under very active development, especially in the area of modeling,
and in the implementation of a simple-to-use, high-level end-user interface
(either config file driven or command line tools). We will write a paper on
Gammapy later this year and are working towards a version 1.0 release.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}

In the past two years, we have developed Gammapy as an open-source analysis
package for existing gamma-ray telescope and as a prototype for the CTA science
tools. Gammapy is a Python package, consisting of functions and classes that can
be used as a flexible and extensible toolbox to implement and execute high-level
gamma-ray data analyses.

We find that the Gammapy approach, to build on the powerful and well-tested
Python packages Numpy and Astropy, brings large benefits: a small codebase that
is focused on gamma-ray astronomy in a single high-level language is easy to
understand and maintain. It is also easy to modify and extend as new use cases
arise, which is important for CTA, since it can be expected that the modeling of
the instrument, background and astrophysical emission, as well as the analysis
method in general (e.g. likelihood or Bayesian statistical methods) will evolve
and improve over the next decade. Last but not least, the Gammapy approach is
inherently collaborative (contributions from $\sim$30 gamma-ray astronomers so
far), sharing development effort as well as know-how with the larger
astronomical community, that to a large degree already has adopted Numpy and
Astropy as the basis for astronomical analysis codes in the past 5~years.

\section{Acknowledgements} \label{sed:acknowledgements}

This work was conducted in the context of the CTA Consortium. We gratefully
acknowledge financial support from the agencies and organizations listed here:\\
\href{http://www.cta-observatory.org/consortium_acknowledgments}{www.cta-observatory.org/consortium\_acknowledgments}

We would like to thank the Scientific Python and specifically the Astropy
community for providing their packages which are invaluable to the development
of Gammapy, as well as tools and help with package setup and continuous
integration, as well as building of conda packages.

We thank the GitHub (\href{https://github.com}{github.com}) team for providing us with an excellent free
development platform, ReadTheDocs (\href{https://readthedocs.org}{readthedocs.org}) for free documentation hosting,
Travis (\href{https://travis-ci.org}{travis-ci.org}) and Appveyor (\href{https://appveyor.com}{appveyor.com}) for free continuous integration
testing, and Slack (\href{https://slack.com}{slack.com}) for a free team communication channel.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The natural lake of warm muds is the perfect result of the balance between the intervention of man, and nature. The artificial human intervention has not changed anything of an already existing natural heritage; on the contrary, works of removal of the soil's crust, did in the 60s of the twentieth century to create a volcanic lake , permitted a man to better overwork the properties of the place, without artificially changing its original qualities. The volcanic lake has emissions of water from lower slope with a presence of vapours of sulphur, anhydrite, metal saults, and natural radioactivity. It seems impossible to manage to immerge into the waters of a place where the strong smell of sulphur is perceived at the distance, but the landscape's suggestion and benefit effects of volcanic muds give a sensation of great well-being, making the experience of immersion into muds unique and unforgettable, if considered as a souvenir of well-being, relax, and enjoyment of all the senses. Among rocks and in muds there are breathes which the crater makes; the immersion into the natural lake of warm muds of Vulcano is really the realisation of the symbiosis between man and nature. The continuous emission of these breathes creates mud of clay, whose elevated acidity and the elevated concentration of sulphur do not permit germs' creation. Muds' bathes do not only produce a sensation of a psychophysical well-being; on the contrary, they are real therapies. In fact, they are advised those who suffer from breathing and skin diseases, and those of the human musculoskeletal system.
The benefits concerning the human musculoskeletal system's diseases refer to the analgesic and the relaxing action of mud, useful for the treatment of bursitis and tendinitis. For a mud bath, concerning the post-trauma of the bones, it is always recommended a doctor's opinion.
In case of dermic pathologies, or more simply for those with a type of dry skin, there are some useful and needful advices. Mud must not be applied on one's face by whoever as if it were a beauty mask. For example, those who have dry skin will not obtain the same benefits of who has more oily skin; the doctor's advice is then indispensable, in order to avoid the aggravation of latent dermic pathologies, or those present in a light or a not serious form. The sulphuric emanations are also a perfect treatment for breathing pathologies. A natural way to do aerosol is to inhale the emanations at the safe distance of 50 cm from geyser. In conclusion, the natural lake of muds of Vulcano, is not only a unique scenery from landscape's point of view, but is a kind of "natural clinic" for the treatment of body and soul. Both physical and psychological benefits are achieved, if we consider that treating your body in such a special and evocative place , you obtain an immediate sensation of well-being and relax. In short, the muds of Vulcano are a Spa in the open air, a natural thermal centre.


text:
Framtidsvision är en tanke, ett mål för hur världen skall se ut och fungera i framtiden. Många påstår att vi människor kan förändra vår framtid genom att vara optimistisk och tänka positiva tankar, vilket får en avgörande roll i hur  framtiden för oss kommer att se ut.

Under 1950- och 60-talen var den populära bilden av år 2000 att man familjerna skulle ha flygande bilar, robotar som tjänsteflickor, och resa på semester till månen. En del av detta kan märkas i TV-serien Jetsons.  Många tror också på världsfred som en verklig framtidsvision.

Framtid

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


President Patrick Hillery officially opens Coláiste Íosagáin in Stillorgan.
Pupils, teachers and parents gather in Stillorgan for the unveiling of a plaque by President Patrick Hillery to mark the official opening of the Irish language secondary school Coláiste Íosagáin.
An RTÉ News report broadcast on 2 October 1983.
Clondalkin man Ciaran Kavanagh has not got a telephone in his home and has been waiting to get one for the past five years.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Explores the way in which the Classical world has been mirrored in the art, literature and culture of later intervals, and the way the traditional world has shaped the fashionable. Reception Perception tracks on what number of occasions a receiver was targeted per route run, and how many routes they caught a cross on. This shows true involvement within the offense. It is intended either as a further 12 months's research after a first degree or as coaching in the technical disciplines wanted to undertake doctoral research in the discipline of the classical world and its reception. So, there you've gotten it; a sample of the big range of knowledge you get by following Reception Perception.
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text:
Netflix Releases Chilling Trailer for Aaron Hernandez Docuseries
January 7, 2020 January 7, 2020 urbanhollywood411	Leave a comment
Netflix released the first full-length trailer Tuesday for its upcoming documentary series on Aaron Hernandez.
Killer Inside: The Mind of Aaron Hernandez explores the rise and fall of the former New England Patriots tight end, who killed himself in prison in 2017.
At the time of his death, Hernandez was serving a life sentence for the 2013 murder of semi-professional football player Odin Lloyd. Hernandez was also accused in the 2012 double murder of two Boston-area men, but was acquitted.
Related Story: Nick Gordon, Bobbi Kristina Brown's Ex-Boyfriend, Dies at 30
Through courtroom footage, Hernandez's phone calls from prison, and interviews with his former teammates, Netflix's three-part documentary series attempts to get inside the mind of the troubled athlete and explain why he threw it all away.
"I can't wait to be free," Hernandez says in a phone call.
With a history of family abuse, rage and a fascination with guns and gang life, Hernandez is described in the trailer as "a ticking time bomb."
"No one has allegedly murdered two people and then played an entire season as a professional athlete," one interview subject says.
Another person says, "Aaron was absolutely operating on the edge." The trailer also cites his history of concussion-related injuries, which can lead to CTE.
Killer Inside: The Mind of Aaron Hernandez is directed by Geno McDermott. The series premieres Jan. 15 on Netflix.
Watch the full trailer above.
Aaron Hernandez Killer Inside: The Mind of Aaron Hernandez Netflix Trailer
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A continuation of the Lady's study group at the home of the Brodies. Led by Jean Brodie, the study is full of conversation on biblical topics which can be topical for our society today. As ladies in the church, be encouraged that your leadership and prayers can be built up by getting together to share and fellowship together. Join the studies at 7pm . For more information, please email info@vkhbc.com.


text:
> Infinity The Game - English > Infinity CodeOne > Rules >
Let's Talk About Intent in Code One
Discussion in 'Rules' started by KestrelM1, May 8, 2020.
Ashtroboy said: ↑
So you're saying that A1 moves and reveals 3*3 but doesn't see a 3*3 of B2, B2 chooses to forgo his ARO, that A1 can shoot B2 because even though B2 did nothing A1 has reciprocal LOF because B2 could see a 3*3 of A1?
Yes, that is exactly what we are saying.
#141 toadchild, May 15, 2020
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QueensGambit SecUnit
That's correct, yes. The use of the word "attacker" isn't ideal, but the rules also describe it as "if I can see you, you can see me" which is a much clearer description of reciprocal LoF.
#142 QueensGambit, May 15, 2020
a person or animal that attacks someone or something
This is my definition and I suspect most people's definition of the word attacker, if CB mean something else then they need to either define attacker as enemy trooper or rephrase the bullet point. Could you please point me to the definition of attacker you are using in the C1 rules please. Because I wouldn't call someone not doing an attack an attacker.
Since this is reciprocal, it also cuts both ways.
Active model peeks 1mm of their base out, drawing a 3x3 LoF onto reactive model.
Reactive model does not have their own LoF, but gains it via reciprocal LoF, even though all the active model has done so far is move.
Reactive model declares Dodge.
Active model... also dodges?
In any case, both AROs are legal even though no attacks were declared. If the reactive model could not use reciprocal LoF here, it would cause a number of weird timing issues.
Ashtroboy Active Member
I seem unable to delete my comment
#144 Ashtroboy, May 15, 2020
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solkan Well-Known Member
That is how it works, yes. Reciprocal LoF is not created by one or the other party declaring an attack. Reciprocal LoF is created by one party having LoF.
Disclaimer: I didn't bother to quote your dictionary quotation because it's irrelevant.
You wanted evidence that that passage doesn't mean what you thought it does. That's why I produced the evidence of where that text originated.
If the wording annoys you, you should direct that annoyance at Corvus Belli, because they wrote it that way, copying it from the previous edition's texts that they have used to describe the concept.
#145 solkan, May 15, 2020
Criticism of CB for wording choice is 100% valid, and has been made many times. They cleaned up a number of minor issues in C1 (I like the universal find/replace for base contact as silhouette contact), but there are still cases where "attacker" is used to mean "other model, regardless of what sorts of skills it's declaring". It's a problem, and does lead to confusion.
For a classic N3 example, see its use in Sixth Sense, where it's possible to read it as saying that none of the abilities granted by that skill work until after the opponent declares an attack on you, which is clearly contradictory to how the skill is intended to be used.
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Dragonstriker That wizard came from the moon.
Apropos of nothing; AP & K1 should affect the ARM mod from cover.
Change my mind.
#147 Dragonstriker, May 16, 2020
solkan said: ↑
I was looking for you to provide the evidence in the Code One rules, your evidence comes from N3 rules. As Code One is aimed at new players it seems strange that they need to look at a different soon to be defunct ruleset. That is why I included the dictionary definition of the word attacker as without referencing N3 that is the definition most new players will come to the game with.
toadchild said: ↑
In any case, both AROs are legal even though no attacks were declared. If the reactive model could not use reciprocal LoF here, it would cause a number of weird timing issues
well the reactive model doesn't need reciprocal LOF in Code One as the requirements are as follows
Troopers can only Dodge if at least one of these is true:
► They are the Active Trooper.
► In the Reactive Turn, they have a valid ARO.
► They are affected by a Template Weapon.
the only reference to any form of attack is being affected by a template weapon.
Again I am making these statements from a new Code One players point of view, and assuming they haven't read or want to read N3 as it's an unrelated ruleset, and any preconceived views from n3 shouldn't be applied to Code One. Apologies if I come across as confrontational, that is not my intention, I have been looking forward to CodeOne/N4 as n3 seemed to much of a mess of a ruleset and I'd rather be able to find answers in those rulesets without having to refer back to older rules.
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"Valid ARO" means you need either LoF to the active model or a ZoC violation by the active model. So if the enemy is more than 8" away, you need LoF to them to declare it.
I'll go into a bit more detail, but I also want to say that I think this is diving a lot deeper than C1 is intended to go. I'm not going to quote any N3 rules, but it may not be possible to get a definitive answer using C1 alone. I think that if an unanswerable question arises in the "starter" product, looking to the "full" game isn't the worst possible approach.
Here's how a normal dodge situation works:
Active model moves so it's in cover and has LoF to at least a 3x3 area of reactive model.
Reactive model has LoF to at least a 3x3 area of active model, and declares dodge.
Active model shoots at reactive model.
Everything is functioning exactly as intended, and this is the flow we'll see in 99.99% of games.
On page 26, this is the part that defines reciprocal LoF:
► As long as any Trooper can draw LoF to its target, the target can draw LoF to its attacker as well, as long as the attacker is within the target's front 180º arc.
Please note that this is the only use of the word "attacker" on the entire page.
Let's try a couple scenarios where reciprocal LoF comes into play.
First, the active model limits their own exposure against a reactive model that is easily visible:
With full reciprocal LoF
Active model moves so that only a 1mm vertical stripe is visible around a corner, but has LoF to at least a 3x3 area of reactive model.
Reactive model does not have its own LoF and must rely on reciprocal LoF. Declares dodge.
Active model shoots with its second skill.
With reciprocal LoF only triggered by "attack"
Reactive model does not have its own LoF and must rely on reciprocal LoF. Currently there is no attack declared so there's no LoF; no LoF means no ARO.
Reactive model gains LoF due to attack being declared and may ARO.
Second, the active model is exposed but is shooting a highly obscured target:
Active model moves to gain LoF to a 1mm strip of reactive model of reactive model.
Reactive has LoF and declares Dodge.
Active model has LoF via reciprocal LoF rule and shoots with its second skill.
Active model has no LoF via reciprocal LoF rule since reactive model did not attack. Shooting is not possible.
Neither of these interpretations breaks the game, but the first one is how I generally understand it to function. Input from CB on how much mechanical weight the word "attacker" is meant to have in that bullet point would be nice, but is not necessary in normal gameplay situations.
meikyoushisui Competitor for Most Ignored User
ijw said: ↑
As an aside, and without commenting on the main topic, I suspect you and @psychoticstorm are talking at cross-purposes.
I think PS is saying that a new player, from reading the CodeOne rules, is not going to come to the conclusion that you can nominate a theoretical position to control your LoF.
If that's the case, then I would agree there.
I think I was taught intent during the first five minutes of my first demo game. I was very confused the first time I played against someone who didn't want to play intent.
#151 meikyoushisui, May 16, 2020
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Nuada Airgetlam Nazis sod off ///
meikyoushisui said: ↑
Not wanting to play intent comes across as ill will towards opponent at the table. The reverse of intent play is "No, place the model and make your mistake, I already know how to abuse it and will argue that you made it, even though you were aware of what the mistake would be and you were attempting to avoid it".
To me it's a definition of a shitty WAAC opponent that will not bend even an inch towards you and will not show you any grace.
#152 Nuada Airgetlam, May 16, 2020
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RobertShepherd Antipodean midwit
Nuada Airgetlam said: ↑
Something to be aware of is that this cuts both ways. Some people are unfortunate enough to play in communities where the default is non-collaborative/coercive behavior between players. This isn't the norm in infinity (which by dint of its core mechanics makes ongoing dialogue with your playing partner almost obligatory) but it can happen when local cultural mores are strong enough to overcome the game's inherent incentives toward cooperation.
For people in those situations, intent is an uncomfortable concept, because they're used to having to police their opponents rather than work with them to play the game. It comes across as a WAAC position itself, because they can't assume good faith on the part of the person expressing an intention.
#153 RobertShepherd, May 16, 2020
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That's a bit disingenuous. Playing with or without intent doesn't make you a good/cooperative player or not. I've had experiences with people who don't like playing with intent who are stellar and supportive players to their opponents and the exact opposite with people who likes to play with intent. You can get absolutely demolished by a player using intent to obfuscate movement and lines of fire and speed up the game to the point where it's impossible for the opponent to even verify whether a slice even is possible. My worst experience when playing wargames has been playing Infinity and an opponent doing exactly that to me, and I have played against some very uncooperative gotcha-style Warhammer 40k in the past which is a strong contributing reason why I have permanently shelved 10k+ points of 40K (primary reason being that the rules are having a case of the dumb since the 80's).
Playing intent doesn't make you a good person. All it does is change how you abuse the game against your opponent.
#154 Mahtamori, May 16, 2020
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Mahtamori said: ↑
That's a bit disingenuous. Playing with or without intent doesn't make you a good/cooperative player or not.
Good no, cooperative of course. You literally refuse to cooperate with me on one of the most basic things, instead being obtuse about 1mm here or there and argumentative about consequences of that as result - because I will say I succeeded in my model placement and you will claim I did not. 15 minutes later the mood is sour and we're definitely not cooperating.
I've had experiences with people who don't like playing with intent who are stellar and supportive players to their opponents and the exact opposite with people who likes to play with intent.
That's a non-sequitur, I did not refer to the general character of the person, as it obviously cannot be measured by the binary of intent play. I meant the situation at hand and cooperating within that context.
You can get absolutely demolished by a player using intent to obfuscate movement and lines of fire
Example, please? How do you "obfuscate movement and lines of fire" by clearly declaring where the model is and what it sees?
and speed up the game to the point where it's impossible for the opponent to even verify whether a slice even is possible
I'm sorry, if a player is "running past you" without allowing you to properly check for ARO / LOS, he's breaking the rules and being a cheating asshole. You can do that perfectly well without intent as well, just blaze through a few moves and not let the other person notice what's happening.
My worst experience when playing wargames has been playing Infinity and an opponent doing exactly that to me, and I have played against some very uncooperative gotcha-style Warhammer 40k in the past
So you got burned by a guy who played intent and abused mutual verification of movement, LOS, ARO, etc by playing "speed chess" with you and your takeaway is that intent was the problem there? I'm confused.
I didn't say it made you a good person. Refusing to play intent when offered / requested though, especially by a regular, not "top-tier" player, is a red flag as far as I'm concerned. Unwillingness to cooperate always is.
RobertShepherd said: ↑
As above, the fact that one is forced to play with WAAC assholes doesn't make playing intent an inherently uncooperative mode of play. WAAC assholes have that quality that they will abuse any and all forms of gameplay trust and you have to pay close attention to whatever they're doing. I pity people with a meta like that, I am unfortunate enough to have several players of this kind locally.
However that has no bearing on intent play itself. Intent play is a cooperative and trusting tool. The fact that people are able and willing to abuse that trust doesn't mean that it's wrong to trust people. It's wrong to abuse the trust offered by the other player.
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Arguing about who is or isn't a good person might risk moving this topic in the direction that got it banned the last time around?
Also, I gotta say, Infinity has a great community. I like to compare it to duplicate bridge, which I've played regularly for about ten years now. Bridge is a game where the rules require cooperation, collaboration, and good faith, much more explicitly than Infinity's rules. Yet, the bridge community is chock full of complete assholes. When I started Infinity it was a breath of fresh air.
If an opponent tries to win through gotchas and tries to refuse to allow PBI, they can definitely come across as an asshole and maybe they are. But I'd usually rather give them the benefit of the doubt. Maybe that's how they were taught the rules, or maybe they're new and just haven't figured out how the game works yet. It's just... I'd rather find reasons not to get angry rather than reasons to get angry. If I enjoyed hating my opponents, I'd go play some bridge.
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That's exactly why I said "massive red flag", as in "OK, I gotta watch out here, he may or may not have ulterior motives in refusing PBI" and not "OMFG, anyone not playing intent is 100% a WAAC cheater asshole!!!" ;)
I wasn't actually addressing you, more regarding what RobertShepherd wrote and in general the strawman that one way to play or the other means you're automatically going to play in a more generous and genuine way. At any level of intent you're going to have tools to be an asshole, they might look a bit different but you can still be an asshole with them.
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No I think I pretty much stand by my (tentative) conclusions. For pith/clarity: I don't think the nature of a person has any correlation whatsoever to their opinion on this, but I think the nature of their company might.
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psychoticstorm Aleph's rogue child
More or less what @ijw has said was my point, in my experience no new player especially a player coming purely from Infinity CodeOne will think of "intent" game-style except if it is hammered to him by the one demoing the game, to be honest coming back on an already activated miniature is a novel thing that some new players have issues to familiarize/ remember.
On a more practical note, as I said this is an Infinity CodeOne thread, and everybody here brings baggage from old editions, rules that do not exist in Infinity CodeOne and frankly its not a good thread for any new player exploring Infinity CodeOne to read or get informed about any rules questions they can have for Infinity CodeOne.
I think it needs to either close or move to off topic, I will hear a few suggestions before I do so.
#160 psychoticstorm, May 17, 2020
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So it was more marshalling duty today. Check point two, Black Mountains fell race. Location, the summit of Pen y Gadir Fawr. That meant a short 3km ascent from the car park in the valley below to get there. What was surprising was that my Strava segment was the third quickest of the six on record for the ascent - and I was only pootling.
And for once the marshalling was in the dry. In fact, it was one of the sunniest days for a while. Not a cloud in the sky. And to top that off, the runners and riders were through the checkpoint in good time. Then it was back down and to the race HQ for cake and then the drive home.


text:
Q: If $r(a) < 1$, does $\sum_{n=0}^\infty a^{*n}a^n$ necessarily converge? In Murphy, exercise 2.6:

Let $A$ be a unital C$^*$-algebra. If $r(a) < 1$ and $b = (\sum_{n=0}^\infty a^{*n}a^n)^{1/2}$, show that $b \geq 1$ and $\lVert bab^{-1}\rVert < 1$....

where $r(a)$ denotes the spectral radius of $a$. Is the convergence of $\sum_{n=0}^\infty a^{*n}a^n$ an assumption of the problem, or does it follow from $r(a) < 1$? If it does not follow from $r(a) < 1$, is there a counter example? I can't seem to make any progress in either direction.

A: Since $r(a)<1$, from
$$
r(a)=\lim_n\|a^n\|^{1/n}=\lim_n\|a^{*n}a^n\|^{1/2n}
$$
 it follows that there exist $c<1$ such that for all $n$ big enough, $$\|a^{*n}a^n\|\leq c^{2n}.$$ So the series always converges.
For a little more detail, given $\varepsilon>0$ with $c=r(a)+\varepsilon < 1$, there exists $n_0$ such that for all $n\geq n_0$ we have $$ |r(a)-\|a^{*n}a^n\|^{1/2n}|<\varepsilon.$$ In particular,
$$
\|a^{*n}a^n\|^{1/2n}<r(a)+\varepsilon = c,
$$
which gives
$$
\|a^{*n}a^n\|\leq c^{2n}.
$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I have been travelling now for almost 3 months and it is something that I have always dreamed of doing but never really believed that I would. I have always had travel motivation but now travel is giving me life motivation too.
At 13 I wanted to move to Hollywood (typical theatre school kid) then at 16 I went to New York with college & almost convinced myself not to go to the airport with everyone else but to run away and stay there (which obviously didn't happen). When I was 18 I started my degree in Primary Teaching and booked as many holidays as humanly possible. Between 2013 and 2016 I visited Portugal, Gibraltar, Spain (3 times), Egypt (twice), Venice, Croatia, Turkey, Athens, Poland, Crete & Santorini. Most of these were new places to me and were an escape from the stresses of University.
During my final year in University, my boyfriend and I decided that we wanted to visit Australia but not only visit, go travelling 'properly'. Living out of our backpacks & staying in hostels. At first, I was convinced that I wouldn't be able to do it, then I asked myself 'why not?' I couldn't think of a good enough reason so I let myself get excited.
We decided that we would work for 18 months & then go with as much money as we could have possibly saved giving ourselves the best start.
When we first left, I didn't know what I wanted to get out of this year. I knew that we wanted to do the 88 Days regional work to get our second year visas to leave the option of returning but other than that, all I wanted was to do something that would make me happy.
As the weeks have gone on & I have seen what this beautiful country has to offer, I've been filled with so many ideas of what I'd like to do. Unfortunately, I would probably need to be 12 different people all at once to do it all. It wouldn't be the first time I've been called a dreamer, I'm sure it won't be the last.
Writing this blog has encouraged my love of writing even more. Ever since I was a child, I have loved to read. I was that kid who took a book everywhere, including to parties 'just in case'. Not only have I always loved to read, but I loved to write! I have always had so many ideas that I couldn't always put pen to paper which is why the drafts section of my blog currently has over 20 posts in (all of which are varying in levels of completion). I want to be a writer. A travel writer, a children's book author, to write a memoir, I want it all.
Walking around a shopping centre in Noosa, I walked into a bookshop (I can never resist) and I was hit with another one of my childhood dreams. I want to own a bookstore/library & encourage even more people to read. I want to host events for children to engage them with reading for pleasure. I want to open up a chain of bookstores that have heart & soul instead of mass produced bestsellers.
I also want to never stop travelling & to see every country before I die. I want to be able to make enough money that I never have to settle for a job that I'm only doing to fund more travel. I want to do all of the above whilst still being an explorer. Now you can see why I'm a dreamer who may have her head in the clouds but has good intentions.
Travelling in these last few months has made me no closer to figuring out what I'll actually do with my adult life, but it has made me more passionate about my life. I know that this was 100% the best thing I could have done & though I miss everyone at home, I know that they're happy that I've found happiness.
Before I came travelling (or decided to travel), I knew (or thought) that I would end up working in a job related to my degree, I'd save up, move out, go through the traditional route of life and it terrified me that I would never get to see the world for more than 2 or 3 weeks at a time.
Travelling has helped with my self-esteem, it has helped with my confidence & even though some might describe long-term travel as putting off the 'real world', I have grown up more in the last 3 months than in the 3 years previous & I can say without a hint of cringing or awkwardness that I am proud of myself. I don't want to settle for a life that I am not in control of. There's a quote I have seen on Instagram that states 'in 10 years from now, make sure you can say you chose your life & that you didn't settle for it.' That is my mantra.
This post is amazing! I would love to get out and travel as you have!
I love this! After my degree (1 more year to go woo) my boyfriend and I have decided to do just this! It's amazing to be able to read your blog and see your adventures and see you do what we are planning in just two short years!!
Im planning to work for about the same! I bet i find tonnes!
Wow, I can totally relate to this! Traveling solo for a year gave me so much confidence that I started my own business. Before, I thought I had to get a respectable office job like everyone else, but, like you, I think 2 weeks of vacation time is the definition of tyranny! Now, I'm a travel writer, and I'm working to make a full-time income from it. I promised myself I would never go to a job interview again! It's so important to choose a life that makes you happy and fulfilled!
Amazing! It definitely opens your eyes as to how much control we actually have over our lives! I used to feel very out of control, like my life was happening and just dragging me along with it but now I know that that's only because I was allowing it. Good luck with your writing, I hope you can make it your life's work!
Congratulations on following your dreams! Too many people dream forever and never follow through to make them reality.
Thank you! I've always known that I wanted to go but never believed I would! Now that I'm doing it, I can't imagine living any other way!
I think I understand what you're talking about. Travelling has made me much more aware of my dreams and of what I want to do, too. There are so many options out there, and why stick to a traditional life that I know will make me unhappy if I can also have an untraditional one?
I know how hard it is to choose one dream (because we can never have everything at once), but I am sure that by the time you return home, you will have figured something out and you will know what to do next.
Travelling has given me a new lease on life where I'm not (as) afraid to try it. I may not do all of the things that I want to do right now, but I'm going to have a go and I wouldn't have if it wasn't for the confidence that travel has given me.
Thank you so much! I definitely want to stay true to myself, it's so important to me to grow but not change myself to suit others around me!
Dream big and reach for the stars but be prepared to work hard to achieve them is my moto in life!


text:
29 Powerhouses: Canadian Women Killing It In 2018
Story from Entertainment
29 Powerhouses: The Canadian Women Killing It In 2018
A toast to the game-changers, the culture-makers, the stereotype-smashers, and the boys' club-crashers.
Courtney Shea, Rosemary Westwood, Kate Kelleher
When we launched Refinery29 Canada in October, I wrote about our mission to help women see, feel, and claim their power. This showcase of ass-kicking Canadian women, which we're calling 29 Powerhouses, is closely tied to that mission. Because as incredible as it is to blaze our own trail, the path gets a little bit clearer with so many gutsy women lighting the way.
For me, there's no better way to close out 2018 than by making a big freaking deal over 29 of these firestarters. (Because who doesn't love a good list?) It's also a chance to challenge the way we typically think about power as confined to the boardrooms and backrooms of big business and politics. It's true some of our list-makers are dominating those spaces (Foreign Affairs Minister Chrystia Freeland, #5, may be the only person to have bent Donald Trump to her will in the last 12 months), but power can also be reviving a dying art form (Instagram poet Rupi Kaur, #14), clapping back against the ruling class (teenage sex-ed crusader Rayne Fisher-Quann, #3), producing the cultural event of the decade (unofficial royal-wedding planner Jessica Mulroney, #2), and, of course, supporting other women (Knixwear founder Joanna Griffiths, #18, who does so quite literally).
Topping the list is Karena Evans, the just-turned 23-year-old director (happy birthday, Karena!), who owns her power in a major way. This year, she wrangled the Degrassi cast for Drake's "I'm Upset" video, added "actor" to her CV, and is about to make her TV debut, directing the premiere of a show about a community of strippers in Mississippi. "Any time I get the opportunity, it's about telling an authentic, inclusive, representative story," Evans said in the exclusive interview that accompanies this feature. Tellingly, when she arrived on-set for her R29 photo shoot, she brought her bestie, Clark, with her. "There's power in women supporting women, and in the past few years in particular, I think women are realizing that," Evans said. "If Clark's winning, I'm winning. If I'm winning, my girls are winning."
And if the women on this list are winning (and YEAH, they are), then we are too.
— Carley Fortune, Executive Editor
Photographed by Chrris Lowe.
1. Karena Evans, director, Toronto
Even if you don't know Karena Evans' name, you know her work as the 23-year-old force behind all three of Drake's 2018 Internet-breaking music videos: the one where he gives away the video budget to the needy in Florida, the one with all the badass female celebs, and the one with the Degrassi cast reunion. Needless to say, Drizzy can work with whoever he damn well plizzies, so the fact that he tapped Evans three times running says a lot about her craft and capability. Following this month's Grammy noms, a Rolling Stone article posited that Drake's Best Song nod for "God's Plan" was as much about the video as the song itself — further evidence that Evans is unstoppable. And uncontainable. Not content to simply conquer one industry in 2018, she also earned raves for her acting performance in Firecrackers, a modern Thelma and Louise story that premiered at TIFF and recently raked on the fest's top 10 Canadian films list.
Photo: Courtesy of Ted Belton.
2. Jessica Mulroney, stylist/secret wedding planner, Toronto
Best known as Meghan Markle's Canadian BFF, Jessica Mulroney was the uncredited architect of the royal wedding, reportedly consulted on everything from the dress to the flower arrangements. Since May 19, the 38-year-old has become a celeb in her own right — the no-longer-secret style weapon behind the Duchess's estimated $212-million USD influence on the global fashion economy and a fixture of the British gossip rags (which described her royal blue, rear-hugging wedding day ensemble as a "Pippa moment"). When the newlywed Meghan wanted respite from the drama around her dad, she flew to Toronto to hang with Jessica, and when the Sussexes went Down Under for their first overseas tour in October, J-Mulz went along for the ride. These days her schedule is crazier than ever with a new fashion line for The Bay, new celebrity clients including Shania Twain, and a new gig as a fashion correspondent on Good Morning America. Still, it's probably safe to assume she's got time for godmother duties, should the opportunity arise.
Photo: Toronto Star/Getty Images.
3. Rayne Fisher-Quann, teen activist, Toronto
On September 21, 40,000 students and teachers walked out of classrooms at 100 high schools across Ontario in protest of Premier Doug Ford's sex-ed curriculum rollback, which removes mentions of gender identity, bullying, consent, and same-sex relationships from elementary school classrooms, as well as the scrapping of Indigenous education programs. The expression of collective WTF? (the largest youth demonstration in the province's history) was organized by 17-year-old Grade 12 student Rayne Fisher-Quann, whose activist career had kicked off just a few months earlier with the March For Our Education rally in July. Since then she has emerged as a powerful voice for young people, boldly sharing her own experiences of abuse and harassment as a way to demonstrate why the updated curriculum is not just advisable, but essential.
Photo: Courtesy of Karen Reid.
4. Annamaria Enenajor, lawyer, Toronto
For Annamaria Enenajor, the mission to delete the records of the half-million Canadians with simple cannabis possession convictions is less about getting high (she's not much of a toker), and more about getting justice (her stimulant of choice). Last spring the 34-year-old partner at Ruby, Shiller, Enenajor & Digiuseppe and founder of Cannabis Amnesty launched a petition calling on the feds to consider "expungement," ie total erasure. The problem with the current policy is that "suspended" charges ultimately remain on permanent records, affecting everything from job, housing, and scholarship applications, to border-crossing and custody hearings. The even bigger problem: It's totally racist, since Black, Indigenous, and other racialized cannabis consumers experience disproportionate arrest rates and stigma surrounding drug use in Canada. Clearing the deck is the first logical step, and given Enenajor's own permanent record (getting what she wants), we'll probably get there sooner than later.
Photo: Courtesy of Adam Scotti.
5. Chrystia Freeland, politician, Ottawa
Under the contemporary truism that you're nobody till Donald Trump trash talks you on Twitter, Canada's hardest-working MP officially arrived on September 26, 2018. That's when the Big Bad Troll recapped the latest NAFTA negotiations with Canada by noting: "We don't like their representative very much." But for all of his huffing and puffing (and threatening the "ruination" of the Canadian economy), POTUS proved incapable of blowing Chrystia Freeland down or even breaking her stride. With America caught in a fog of regressive nationalism and ridiculous bluster, the 50-year-old former journalist has personified Canadian values around human rights, feminism, and multiculturalism. And she got the new NAFTA deal (which sounds a lot like the old deal) done, managing to both placate The Donald and put Canadian interests first.
Photo: Matt Winkelmeyer/Getty Images.
6. Sandra Oh, Actor, Los Angeles
The just-tapped Golden Globes host and SAG nominee already has some experience with awards shows: Sitting front row at the 2018 Emmy awards, flanked by her parents and looking resplendent AF in a deep-cut ruby red dress, Sandra Oh was victorious even before the winner was announced. That the trophy went elsewhere (to Claire Foy for S2 of The Crown), didn't take away from the 47-year-old Korean-Canadian's historic achievement as the first Asian woman nominated in the leading actress category. Her portrayal of Eve Polastri on the totally unique and addictive thriller Killing Eve is emotionally understated — imagine Dr. Cristina Yang as a detective chasing a seductive serial killer through Europe. Playing confident women with their own self-defined versions of femininity is kind of Oh's thing. Now would someone hand this woman a trophy?
Photo: Linda Roy.
7. Autumn Peltier, environmentalist, Manitoulin Island, ON
Two years ago, Autumn Peltier earned props as the 12-year-old who used a photo op to call out Prime Minister Trudeau on his environmentally dubious Pipeline policy and got him to commit to a clean-water strategy. This year, the Anishinaabe teen took that same mission to the UN's General Assembly meeting in New York, telling the group of international dignitaries that it's time to "Warrior up!" and protect our planet's most precious resource. With eco-protection taking a major hit south of the border this month, her message of H2O sacrosanctity is more urgent than ever.
Photo: GP Images/WireImage.
8. Tessa Virtue, figure skater/#relationshipgoals, London, ON
If you look back fondly on this year's winter Olympics, there's a good chance one half of Canada's five-flame emoji ice-dancing duo has something to do with that. Regardless of their stated relationship status ("just friends"), the will-they-or-won't-they, are-they-or-aren't-they, oh-come-on-and-just-rip-each-other's-leotards-off-already chemistry between Tessa Virtue and her partner, Scott Moir, tapped into our collective need for an unabashedly uplifting narrative — and scored the Games' best TV ratings. Virtue was also the #1 most Googled Canadian this year, with Moir coming in at #7 (because in skating women really do rule supreme). This fall, the gold-medal winners embarked on a nationwide "Thank You Canada" tour. No, no, guys — on behalf of Canada — and all the babies born nine months after that Moulin Rouge free program — thank you.
Photo: Justin Lloyd/Newspix/Getty Images.
9. Alessia Cara, pop star, Brampton, ON
YouTuber turned chart-topper Alessia Cara recently put her haters on notice, calling out perpetrators of stan culture (ie, hardcore music fans who morph into toxic Internet trolls) right before releasing her aptly titled new album, The Pains of Growing. Since bursting onto the scene as an atypical pop ingenue in 2015, the 22-year-old has fended off criticism on everything from her flannel-forward fashion sense to her Grey Cup halftime show to her 2018 Grammy win for Best New Artist. But if her ascent has been occasionally rocky, Cara has also been an inspiration for young people who feel like they don't belong. Besides, hit ballads aren't born of the best of times.
Photo: Courtesy of Rebecca Wood.
10. Tanya Tagaq, throat singer/author, Toronto
She's best known as the woman whose electric, pounding throat singing catapulted the Inuk tradition onto the pop music scene, but Tanya Tagaq debuted an entirely new talent in 2018 with her first novel, Split Tooth. The best-selling and Giller Prize–nominated book is an ambitious and acrobatic blend of memoir, fiction, poetry, and dream journals that explores the life of a teenage girl in 1970s Nunavut. It's not her first artistic venture away from music: The 43-year-old is an actor and painter. Oh, and a member of the Order of Canada. She's also earned global headlines for defending the Inuit seal hunt, a vital source of food and clothing, and Split Tooth, while a departure from her music, is entwined with it. Both employ the same themes of the life, dignity, and history of Indigenous people. "Literature has been infected by the long arm of colonialism," she told the Globe and Mail. Tagaq is part of the antidote.
Photo: Courtesy of Bianca Scarlato.
11. WondaGurl, record producer, Brampton, ON
By the age of 21, WondaGurl (aka Ebony Oshunrinde) has already collaborated with some of the biggest artists in rap. Rihanna, Kanye West, and Drake, to name a few, have all come to the Brampton-born producer for her signature drum beats and silky-smooth synths. Hell, she even produced a track for Jay-Z at the age of 16. She credits YouTube for helping her learn the ropes and the women in her family for laying the foundation: her mom passed along her taste in music, her grandmother gave her a keyboard, and her aunt bought her a computer. "It's been up-and-down as a woman in the industry — just a lot of people don't take you seriously," she told BET earlier this year. Given that she produced two tracks on Travis Scott's mega-hit, Grammy-nominated album Astroworld this year, it's about damn time they did.
Photo: Courtesy of Heather Pollock.
12. Jessica Platt, hockey player, Sarnia, ON
Last January, Jessica Platt, 29, had an important resolution to see through. Ten days into the New Year, the Toronto Furies defensewoman posted a message on her Instagram feed announcing that she is a transgender woman "fortunate enough to be able to live my life as who I am meant to be as well as follow my passion and play the game I love." As the first openly trans woman to play in the Canadian Women's Hockey League, Platt, who quit hockey as a teenage boy because she felt out of place in the male environment, became an instant icon for LGBTQ athletes who remain vastly underrepresented on rinks, courts, and fields across the country. Her announcement prompted the CWHL to update its rules regarding the participation of transgender athletes. Meanwhile she recently made the move from defense to forward, which feels pretty perf.
Photo: David Levenson/Getty Images.
13. Esi Edugyan, literary superpower, Victoria
Only three writers in Canadian history have twice won the prestigious $100,000 Giller Prize, and Esi Edugyan is one of them, as well as the first Black woman to win Canada's top literary award. Her latest novel, this year's Washington Black, not only earned her the Giller but a slew of international accolades, including a nomination for the £50,000 Man Booker Prize and a place on the New York Times' 10 best books of the year list. Washington Black is an epic work of historical fiction that charts the life of a young Black slave who escapes the cane fields of Barbados to explore the world. Edugyan, who grew up in Alberta and whose parents immigrated from Ghana, has become one of the world's leading literary observers of race. "Confronting the world as a Black woman is my particular reality," she told the CBC, "one that informs my work in both obvious and subtle ways."
Photo: Courtesy of Kayla Rocca.
14. Rupi Kaur, poet, Brampton, ON
Two years ago, Rupi Kaur's debut poetry collection, milk and honey, beat out the previous all-time bestseller, The Odyssey by Homer, 10-to-1. In 2017, her follow-up volume, the sun and her flowers, debuted at #1. Today the 26-year-old is the uncontested queen of the Insta-poetry movement, which means she's either the saviour or the ruination of the Bard's favourite art form, depending on who you ask. Regardless, Kaur's work — tattoo-friendly, fragmented verses about heartbreak, womanhood, and various forms of millennial angst — has been instrumental in moving poetry from the dusty bowels of bookstores to the buzzy tables up front. Over the summer, Emma Watson tapped milk and honey as her newest feminist book club selection, just the latest in a list of celebrity fans.
Photo: Courtesy of Kelsey Giesbrecht.
15. Taylor Bowman, social media activist, Manitoba
Like a lot of ex-Hedley devotees, 22-year-old Taylor Bowman (whose hometown is undisclosed for security reasons) has her own Jacob Hoggard story. In 2015 she says that the band's front man grabbed her then-18-year-old butt outside a bar. After talking with other female fans and learning her experience was allegedly far from unique, she decided to take action, tweeting the message: "I believe survivors and will continue to stand with them" along with the hashtag #OutHedley2k18, which has since been used more than 1,000 times. What started as a place for women to share their experiences ultimately provoked the band's early retirement, a police investigation, and sexual assault charges against Hoggard, who will appear in court on December 19. Who says a hashtag can't make a difference?
Photo: Courtesy of Adam Coish.
16. Vivek Shraya, gender critic/artist, Calgary
With her breakout bestseller, I'm Afraid of Men, Vivek Shraya has written a galvanizing text of the #MeToo era. In it, the musician, artist, academic, and writer explores her experiences as a trans woman of colour growing up in Canada, many of them painful, in service of a question that implicates us all: What are the costs of patriarchal masculinity, especially for the most marginalized of voices? Shraya, 37, seems driven not only to expose cultural injustice but reverse it: She's launched an imprint for Arsenal Pulp Press that will also serve as a mentorship opportunity for one young writer of colour. Her next work, a comic book called Death Threat, will be based on the ones she's received — a renegade's answer to the risks of challenging gender in 2018.
Photo: David Cooper/Toronto Star/Getty Images.
17. Robyn Doolittle, investigative journalist, Toronto
In the age of #MeToo, no journalist has done more to uncover our country's indifference towards sexual assault than Robyn Doolittle. Doolittle, 34, spent 20 months investigating how 873 police jurisdictions handle sexual assault complaints, and what she found was damning: On average, police deem 1 in 5 accusations of assault to be baseless. Unfounded, the resulting investigative series for the Globe and Mail published this year, shook the criminal justice system. The federal government earmarked $100-million to combat gender-based violence. Law-enforcement agencies are reviewing more than 37,000 cases and many are pledging to revamp their approach to policing sexual violence.
Photo: Courtesy of Griffiths Knixwear.
18. Joanna Griffiths, panty pioneer, Toronto
Six years ago, Canada's most accomplished underweartrepreneur launched Knixwear, with the radical notion of imagining female undergarments through a female gaze: undies that absorb period leaks, bras that provide lift without uncomfy underwire, and real women models in all shapes and sizes. Since then, the anti-Victoria's Secret brand has become a major player, selling a garment every 10 seconds, with a devoted following on social media. For Joanna Griffiths, 34, supporting her customers is about more than a killer sports bra. Following her own miscarriage earlier this year, she launched a #FacesofFertility campaign, encouraging women to share their stories in the name of busting stigma.
19. Julie Buczkowski and Angela Pastor, stylists to the stars, Toronto
The Fitzroy began as a seasonal pop-up boutique, but when regular customers started "borrowing" their designer dresses, the BFF business partners realized their destiny was in short-term shopping ops. These days they are turning rent-a-frock into the hottest fashion trend, shipping pieces for the Grammys, the Oscars, and outfitting Toronto's glitter girls for all the big galas, where "Find a Fitzroy" is the new Where's Waldo. Clients, including Schitt's Creek's Annie Murphy, save cash and closet space, while supporting sustainability and scoring access to rare finds by Rachel Zoe and For Love & Lemons. For winter they're adding (faux) fur outerwear to their stock — because the perfect dress requires a Meghan Markle–worthy power coat.
Photo: Mark Horton/Getty Images.
20. Celina Caesar-Chavannes, politician, Ottawa
To those inclined to lump white privilege and systemic racism in with magic beans and the Easter Bunny, the MP from Whitby, ON, has proven a powerful and irrepressible foe, unafraid to talk about our country's very real racial inequalities, even if it gets her labelled a self-serving racist in her own right (yes, seriously). But if her tendency towards telling it like it is has summoned some extreme internet vitriol, Celina Caesar-Chavannes has also earned the respect and admiration of hundreds of Canadians who got behind the #HereForCelina hashtag following her Twitter smack down with the alt-right's new golden boy Maxime Bernier, a group that included PM Justin Trudeau.
Photo: Courtesy of Adam Moco.
21. Jen Lee Koss, retailer/philanthropist, Toronto
If you're a Canadian arts institution in need of a little extra scratch, look no further than the preposterously well-connected gala whisperer, Jen Lee Koss. The founder of Brika (an odds-defying online artisanal boutique that became so popular it opened a brick-and-mortar shop) and close personal friend/former roommate of Chelsea Clinton has spearheaded two substantial 2018 fundraising efforts: crowd-sourcing $100,000 towards a permanent Kusama exhibit at the AGO, and bringing in $2-million for the National Ballet, as co-chair of this year's Mad Hot Gala. Speaking of mad hot, she is also married to a former Olympic speed skater.
Photo: Courtesy of Jason Le Cras.
22. Dr. Jen Gunter, vagina doctor/Paltrow dissenter, San Francisco
Since first calling out Goop on vaginal steaming back in 2015, Winnipeg-bred, San Fran-based OBGYN Jen Gunter, 52, has emerged as the loudest, smartest, and most hilarious voice of the celebrity pseudo-science resistance — known for her fondness of fact-based medicine and four-letter words. Earlier this year when Gwyneth Paltrow's lifestyle brand Goop agreed to pay a $145,000 USD settlement based on "misleading" information around the efficacy of jade hoo-ha eggs, Gunter would have been justified in a few self-congratulatory fist pumps. Instead she produced a peer-reviewed paper on the same topic. XOXO, Science.
Photo: Vanessa Heins.
23. Lauren Toyota, vegan evangelist, Toronto
Championing recipes like dairy-free nacho cheese sauce and Southern fried cauliflower, the 36-year-old host of the hot for food YouTube channel is fighting back against the notion that vegans are a bunch of health-obsessed killjoys and doing for plant-based diets what Gordon Ramsay did for four-letter words. Lauren Toyota's new cookbook Vegan Comfort Classics hit the bestseller list earlier this year, and last month she headlined the first-ever Vegan Sweets Con in Long Beach, CA. Because in health and wellness-obsessed La La Land, Canada's vegan queen is next-level cool.
Photo: George Pimentel/WireImage.
24. Hayley Wickenheiser, NHL coach, Calgary, AB
Hayley Wickenheiser has gone from crushing the competition to breaking up the brass as the new assistant director of player development for the Toronto Maple Leafs. The four-time Olympic medal winner isn't the first woman to be part of an NHL coaching staff, but her strategic role makes her the first in a position that could eventually lead to head coaching duties. And it's not just on home turf where Wickenheiser is promoting diversity and inclusion in Canada's good old game: A month after the Pyeongchang Olympics she travelled to North Korea to work with the nation's newly amalgamated women's hockey team. And just last month, India's first-ever female team came to Alberta to participate in the annual Wickfest women's hockey charity tournament.
Photo: Shannon VanRaes/Bloomberg/Getty Images.
25. Viola Desmond, civil rights icon, Halifax
Her career — providing cosmetics and hair products to women of colour — was an important statement on gender and racial equality. But it was her refusal to leave the "whites only" section of a New Glasgow, N.S., movie theatre in 1946 that turned the successful entrepreneur into a civil rights icon — one who got her due this year as the first-ever female face on a regularly distributed Canadian currency (the Queen notwithstanding). Often referred to as Canada's "Rosa Parks" based on the similar narratives, it's worth noting that Desmond's "I'm not going anywhere" moment happened nine years before the famous American bus protest, which means (with all due respect), Parks is America's Viola Desmond.
Photo: Courtesy of Mark Sommerfeld.
26. Rebecca Belmore, visual artist, Toronto
To say Rebecca Belmore's work gets to the injustice at the heart of Canada would be an understatement. The 58-year-old has built a dual reputation over decades as one of the country's most celebrated visual artists and one of our most potent moral compasses. This year marked another career peak with Facing the Monumental, a powerful 30-year retrospective at the Art Gallery of Ontario. Belmore's installations are sensuous, unnerving, and uncompromising: She wrapped an Indigenous woman in brown paper at Queen's Park to represent the effect of colonization; created a largescale waterfall installation, onto which a video of her splashing the camera with blood is projected; and, perhaps most famously, built sister installations where people must either speak to, or crouch down and listen to, the Canadian landscape. Belmore employs aesthetic beauty to examine violence against women and Indigenous people, land rights, water rights, and her own identity. "As an Indigenous woman, people don't think I know what I'm doing," she recently told Canadian Art. Her body of work proves them criminally wrong.
Photo: Courtesy of Louisa Nicolaou.
27. Devin Connell, food influencer, Toronto
When people refer to Devin Connell as Canada's Gwyneth Paltrow it's not because of her easy-chic wardrobe or her beachy blond waves — though the whole effortlessly elegant thing doesn't hurt. With her newly launched food and lifestyle brand, Crumb, the 36-year-old restaurateur and Toronto food-scene scion (her parents are Ace Bakery) is poised for Goop-like supremacy, though she's more accessible recipes and restaurant tips than sex dust and vagina eggs. A mom of two, Connell is passionate about bringing fun and spontaneity into the kitchen, and Crumb is an unfussed (but Insta-worthy) celebration of food and eating. High-profile fans like Claire Danes and Daphne Oz are taking notice. With a Crumb cookbook coming out next year and plans to delve into e-commerce, the future is looking Lark-filter bright.
Photo: Courtesy of Devon Little.
28. Charlotte Day Wilson, musician, Toronto
The video for Charlotte Day Wilson's soulful single "Work" is a powerful representation of inclusiveness. It features just one shot of a diverse group of women, gender queer, and transgender individuals riding down an escalator, one in a "The Future Is Female" top. Identifying as queer, 25-year-old Wilson is already an advocate for young women breaking into music, and speaks out about the industry's "boys club." After the video for "Work" won the 2018 Prism Prize, Wilson put her money where her mouth is and announced she was using her winnings to create a $10,000 grant program for emerging female and gender non-binary music video directors. And in February, Wilson dropped her self-produced second EP, Stone Woman, without a label, making it clear that her voice has only begun making waves.
Photo: Courtesy of Asalah Youssef.
29. Alia Youssef, photographer, Toronto
For her thesis project, 23-year-old Ryerson photography student Alia Youseff set out to combat what she calls "invisible representation," wherein the dominant image of Muslim women in the mainstream (the voiceless, oppressed, hijab-wearing stereotype) becomes a damaging visual shorthand for all members of the community. "The Sisters Project" is a series of 180 portraits of Muslim women from across the country: a flag football coach from Quebec, a cop from Ottawa, a mental health professional from Victoria. The images — 16 of which were recently exhibited at the Ryerson Image Centre in Toronto — are shot horizontally to highlight the diverse environments in which the subjects feel at home and are accompanied by a short Q&A, in which the subjects name their proudest accomplishment. For the photography student from Toronto, the answer feels obvious.
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Q: C# DateTime - RFC 3339 format I am trying to generate RFC 3339 compliant date strings (ie. '2008-03-19T00:00:00.0000000-04:00') however I seem to be having an issue with the offset being invalid. I am using the following:
private string GetDate(DateTime DateTime)
{
    DateTime UtcDateTime = TimeZoneInfo.ConvertTimeToUtc(DateTime);
    return XmlConvert.ToString(UtcDateTime, XmlDateTimeSerializationMode.Utc);
}

but this returns me with a value such as "1977-02-03T05:00:00Z"
I have also attempted using a specific format such as
 utcDateTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.fffK", DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo);

But with the same results.

See this existing reference: How do I parse and convert DateTime's to the RFC 3339 date-time format?

A: You are converting your data to UTC, so its timezone offset to UTC is 0:00. The RFC defines a convenient notation for UTC dates, the suffix Z. So this looks like a valid data-string to me.

A: I used this approach for .NET 6:
public static class DateTimeExtensions
{
     public static string ToRFC3339(this DateTime date)
     {
         return date.ToUniversalTime().ToString("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.fffK");
     }
}


text:
Provisional driver returns 0.202 reading after crash with child in car at Kempsey
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Mirage News
May 23, 2020 2:42 am AESTDate Time
No Improvement in Death Rate for COVID-19 Patients who Received Hydroxychloroquine
A research team led by investigators from Brigham and Women's Hospital has evaluated real-world evidence related to outcomes for COVID-19 patients who were treated with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine analogues (with or without a macrolide). Investigators found no evidence that either drug regimen reduced the death rate among patients. Patients treated with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine regimens were far more likely to experience abnormal, rapid heart rhythms (known as ventricular arrhythmias) than their counterparts who had not received the drugs. The team's findings are published in The Lancet.
"No matter which way you examine the data, use of these drug regimens did not help," said corresponding author Mandeep R. Mehra, MD, executive director of the Brigham's Center for Advanced Heart Disease. "If anything, patients had a higher likelihood of death. We also saw a quadrupling in the rate of significant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with COVID-19 who had been treated with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine regimens."
Mehra and colleagues conducted their study using the Surgical Outcomes Collaborative database, an international registry comprised of de-identified data from 671 hospitals across six continents. The analysis included data on more than 96,000 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. This included almost 15,000 patients who had received the anti-malarial drug chloroquine or its analog hydroxyquinone with or without an antibiotic (macrolides such as azithromycin and clarithromycin) early after COVID-19 diagnosis. The study's primary endpoint was death or discharge from the hospital.
Mehra and colleagues found that 10,698 patients taking one of these drug regimens died in the hospital (11.1 percent) and 85,334 survived to discharge. The team compared this death rate to that of a control group, after accounting for confounding variables, such as age, sex and underlying risk factors. The death rate among the control group was 9.3 percent. Each of the drug regimens of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine alone, or in combination with a macrolide, was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death with COVID-19.
In addition, each of the drug regimens was associated with an increase in the risk of ventricular arrhythmia. Among the treatment groups, between 4 and 8 percent of patients experienced a new ventricular arrhythmia, compared to 0.3 percent of patients in the control group.
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been known to cause cardiovascular toxicity and previous studies have shown that macrolides can increase the risk of sudden cardiac death. A preliminary analysis of patients in Brazil treated with chloroquine and an antibiotic has suggested a high dose of chloroquine may be a safety hazard. Results from randomized, controlled clinical trials are not expected until the summer.
The authors caution that the current study is observational in nature — this means that it cannot absolutely answer the question of whether the drug regimens were solely responsible for the changes in survival. Randomized clinical trials will be required before any conclusion can be reached regarding harm.
"These findings suggest that these drug regimens should not be used outside of the realm of clinical trials and urgent confirmation from randomized clinical trials is needed," the authors conclude.
The development and maintenance of the Surgical Outcomes Collaborative database was funded by the Surgisphere Corporation. The present analysis was supported by the William Harvey Distinguished Chair in Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston. Mehra reports no direct conflicts pertinent to the development of this paper. Other general conflicts include consulting relationships with Abbott, Medtronic, Janssen, Mesoblast, Portola, Bayer, NupulseCV, FineHeart, Leviticus, Roivant and Triple Gene. Dr. Desai is the founder of Surgisphere Corporation, Chicago. The other authors have no pertinent conflicts to report.
Paper cited: Mehra M et al. "Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine with or without a Macrolide and Outcome in COVID-19: A Multinational Registry Analysis" The Lancet DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31180-6
/Public Release. The material in this public release comes from the originating organization and may be of a point-in-time nature, edited for clarity, style and length. View in full here.
Tags:arrhythmia, authors, Boston, brazil, Brigham and Women's Hospital, cardiovascular, clinical trials, covid-19, disease, Harvey, heart disease, heart rhythm, hospital, medicine, Multinational, outcomes, research
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text:
Ex-NFL star Sharper to appear twice in New Orleans court
An April 7 court date has been set in a Louisiana state court for Darren Sharper, the former NFL star who has entered pleas in four states where he is accused of drugging and sexually assaulting women.
Ex-NFL star Sharper to appear twice in New Orleans court An April 7 court date has been set in a Louisiana state court for Darren Sharper, the former NFL star who has entered pleas in four states where he is accused of drugging and sexually assaulting women. Check out this story on dailyworld.com: https://www.dailyworld.com/story/news/local/louisiana/2015/03/26/ex-nfl-star-sharper-appear-twice-new-orleans-court/70510418/
AP Published 5:23 p.m. CT March 26, 2015 | Updated 5:25 p.m. CT March 26, 2015
California authorities have been ordered to turn former NFL All-Pro safety Darren Sharper over to U.S. Marshals in New Orleans.(Photo: AP)
NEW ORLEANS – An April 7 court date has been set in a Louisiana state court for Darren Sharper, the former NFL star who has entered pleas in four states where he is accused of drugging and sexually assaulting women.
So far, Sharper has pleaded guilty to charges in Las Vegas and Arizona, and no-contest in Los Angeles.
The April 7 appearance in New Orleans criminal district court will follow an April 6 date in federal court, also in New Orleans.
Sharper, who has been jailed for more than a year, is expected to serve another nine years in prison as a result of the multi-jurisdiction plea deal.
Sharper retired in 2011 after a 14-year NFL career that included a Super Bowl victory with the New Orleans Saints.
Read or Share this story: https://www.dailyworld.com/story/news/local/louisiana/2015/03/26/ex-nfl-star-sharper-appear-twice-new-orleans-court/70510418/
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