Network Chiropractic care or "Network Care" for short includes Network Spinal Analysis and Somato-Respiratory Integration. These two tools are used together to help your body open and provide a way for you to utilize stored tension in your body as fuel for growth. Through Network care your body creates new neural strategies that allow for greater health and well being.
Both of these techniques where developed by Dr. Donald Epstein. Dr. Epstein continues to evolve the work so that the most advanced version is available and regularly provides training to chiropractors and other bodymind practitioners.


After a variety of stumbling blocks and false starts, the Treaty of Lisbon is now in force, despite the widespread instability let loose in the last two years as protectionism reared its terrified head in many EU Member States and nationalisation and massive state support for the national banking sector became panaceas for the global financial drama. Nonetheless, forces are still at large that seem to threaten the basic freedoms of the Union and to undermine the future of the common market. Given these circumstances, in June 2009 the Institute of European Public Law of the University of Hull assembled a range of experts in relevant fields to offer papers and reach some consensus on what has been achieved in the EU legal order and what the future holds for that order given local tensions and global uncertainty. This remarkable volume reprints those papers.
• constitutional pluralism in the EU.
An authoritative appraisal of challenges facing the process of 'Europeanization' at a time of considerable uncertainty for the European Union and its legal order, this volume examines the present state of development of different areas of European law and reflects on the future for these areas in the light of the impasse on constitutional and legal reform and their eventual resolution. As such it will prove to be highly relevant to current and future debates in this area and should be of considerable interest to scholars in European law, politics and allied fields.
Introduction; P. Birkinshaw, M. Varney. Part One: The Future of the European Union Legal and Political Order. The Future of European Public Law; J. Schwarze. The Future of the European Order; J.E Fossum. The EU and Global Administrative Law; J.-B. Auby. Governance and Constitutionalism in the European Order; A. Menendez. Part Two:The Future of Regulation. Legal Control of Regulatory Bodies: Principle, Policy and Teleology; P. Craig. Financial Regulation: From Harmonisation to the Birth of EU Federal Financial Law; T. Tridimas. The State, Competition and Public Service; C. Bovis. Regulating Media Markets: The Need for Subsidiarity and Clarity of Principle; M. Feintuck, M. Varney. Part Three: Citizenship and Human Rights. EU Law's Fundamental Rights Regime and Post-national Constitutionalism: Kadi's Global Setting; G. Anthony. Citizenship and European Democracy: Between the European Constitution and the Treaty of Lisbon; M. La Torre. The European Asylum Policy: Between Myth and Reality; D.U. Galetta. Transparency and Access to Documents; P. Birkinshaw. Part Four: Constitutional and Legal Principles in an Uncertain Order. Multilevel Governance and Executive Federalism: Comparing Germany and the European Union; J. Ziller. The Role of European Judges in an Era of Uncertainty; J. Bell. The Esoteric Dimension of Constitutional Pluralism: EU's Internal Constitutional Sub-units and the Non-symbolic Cumulative Constitution; C. Kombos.


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HomeScience On the island of the Druids found 4000-year-old object disguised as a hill
On the island of the Druids found 4000-year-old object disguised as a hill
In Britain, archaeologists studying the famous Welsh mound, Bryn Celli Ddu, discovered a mound inside which a 4,000-year-old stone pyramid was hidden.
About the discovery reports Live Science. The find was made in Wales on the island, which is called the island of the Druids. It is believed that the Druids conducted religious ceremonies there. Bryn-Kelly-Doo mound was discovered by archaeologists about a century ago.
In the ancient pyramid of Egypt found "the path to the afterlife"
It was the Neolithic tomb, which had a sacred significance. Earlier, ceramics, weapons, a variety of tools, and the so-called patterned stone — a plate with a fancy pattern — were found in it.
Bryn-Kelly-Do mound is famous for its tunnel that led to the tomb. At the summer solstice, the octagonal burial chamber was illuminated through this corridor. During the excavations, the attention of archaeologists was attracted by a hill located 150 meters from the tomb.
The study confirmed that it is man-made. Moreover, under a layer of soil was found a pyramid, built of stones. Radiocarbon analysis showed that it was built around 1900 BC.
However, some of the artifacts found inside it may be much older. So, archaeologists discovered flint tools and a double "curb" of massive stones, some of them weighing more than one ton.
The stone pyramid may be even larger than its famous neighbor. Scientists call it a funeral, as no other explanation has been proposed for its purpose. But this is only an assumption, because the researchers did not find the remains during the excavations.
On the border with Ukraine found the KV-1 tank with the dead crew
Found dyes: Scientists investigated the terracotta head found in Crimea
. (tagsToTranslate) Culture (t) Art (t) Museums and Monuments (t) Society (t) Science (t) Zen
Tags:4000yearold, disguised, Druids, hill, island, object
Historians: The legendary Philistine warrior turned out to be European
Astronomers have determined where mysterious signals come to Earth
Rescuer found!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The perfect tool to match Healthy Skin Cream Foundation shades with skin tone. 16 shades.
While GlyMed Plus has tried to accurately display the colors of products, the actual colors you see will depend on your monitor and may not be accurate. If you are considering the GlyMed color line for your business, we strongly recommend that you purchase a "Master Color Palette" first to see the colors firsthand.


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Suzi Recommended
Suzi Events
In 2003, Atlanta's theatre industry struggled to attract a larger local audience and greater national attention. A group of theatre professionals organized annual Awards to improve visibility for theatres and artists. Having just lost one of Atlanta's stars, Suzi Bass, to cancer at the height of her stage and screen career, we named the awards after her. The first event in 2005 began with the Spirit of Suzi Award, given each year to a person or organization whose commitment embodies the qualities Suzi herself was known for. Performance awards were introduced in 2006 and now recognize 32 separate categories. The Suzi Awards, dubbed "the best theatre party in Atlanta" by press and audiences, has always brought the theatre community together.
The Suzi Bass Awards would not be possible without the hard work of our volunteers on the board. They are change makers. Each of them come from a different background, providing the diversity of our team; however, they all have a common interest: theater!
It's been said that any press is good press– and those of us in non-profit entertainment know that to be true –
though we all prefer the better reviews.
Below are links to our social media pages, as well as archival collections of press coverage on our Suzis awards shows and the organization itself.
photo provided courtesy of Aurora Theatre
The Suzi Mission
The mission of the Suzi Bass Awards is to celebrate and promote Atlanta professional theatre through the evaluation and recognition of excellence.
admin@thesuzis.org


Thursday evening was going as planned. Jason and Bryce were going to storage for the LAST time to get everything out and close out the account. Woohoo! (All that's left now is to get the playground set from my IL's.) I had just changed my clothes and was getting started on dinner. I had some leftover, frozen chicken BBQ on the stove and was getting started on making a cabbage and kale dish as a side. I was cutting the cabbage in half or at least trying to when the knife (the VERY sharp knife) got stuck. I pulled it out and it released oddly and kind of came up and went back down and OUCH.....right into my left pinky. I looked...pretty gross. A big chunk was flapping off of it and right through the nail. Ew. Definitely stitches. I quickly wrapped it in paper towel and put pressure on it - it barely bled as a result. I called Jason who was just finishing up and he hurried home. I called my mom next knowing I needed someone to drive me to the hospital and someone to stay with the kids - I didn't care which. Jason arrived home and took a look. He agreed, stitches. My mom arrived soon after and we left right away. The kids were noticeably freaked out and a little worried. I kept reassuring them that I would be okay. I was mad at myself but also grateful it wasn't any worse!
I can share a photo if you want but didn't want to gross anyone out unnecessarily. Ha!
It's all wrapped up today and a little sore. I'm surprisingly good at typing with using my left ring finger in place of my pinky for all the A, Z and Q letters. I can get the stitches out in 7-10 days. My family doctor can't fit me in until 6/10 - so I hope it's not too late. I know my mom can remove them though so I might just have Nurse Berlyn take a look.
Once again, I'm grateful it was no worse and was able to be easily repaired. My hopes of doing some gardening this weekend may be foiled though since I do not want to risk getting it dirty or messing with the wound by nudging it. I can get it wet starting tomorrow but will be very careful. The last thing I need is an infection!
I did something similar with a mandolin a couple years ago... literally mandolined a layer RIGHT off my pinky. Like a chunk. I'm REALLY good with blood and gore but my fingertip laying on the counter not attached to my hand REALLY freaked me out and the bleeding wouldn't stoP! There was nothing to stitch either. So they just stopped the bleeding (which took forever) and wrapped it up and it just had to heal. So freaky.
Well, there goes my interest in a mandolin! I had one on my gift list!! I'm feeling knife shy right now. I wanted strawberries in my lunch but didn't want to cut the tops off so I just ate them off.
i just went weak in the knees. this is why i could never ever be a doctor. glad it wasn't worse, but ouch.


What's the difference between fee-only and other advisors?
There are countless fee-only financial advisors in Los Angeles which makes finding the right one to work with a bit overwhelming. Putting your financial trust into a stranger can also prove to be quite challenging, and you want to ensure you pick right financial advisor for you. At Satori Wealth Management, our team is led by Danny Michael who has over 17 years experience providing highly personalized and proactive financial planning and investment management services to business owners, professionals, individuals, and families. To help guide you when selecting a fee-only financial advisor near you in Los Angeles, we put together some information for you.
Choosing the right financial advisor means understanding the different fee structures that advisors (and their firms) have.
1. A fee-only financial advisor is someone who will not earn commissions from investments. They earn no money from their recommendations to clients and are only paid for the service they provide.
2. A fee-based financial advisor will earn commissions from investments on top of the fee they charge.
3. A commission-only financial advisor will earn their income from receiving commissions on the investments they buy and sell for their client.
Another noticeable difference among financial advisors is the word fiduciary. You will notice there is something called a fiduciary financial advisor, and this means that they are legally obligated to put the client's needs above their own. The financial advisor must only act in their client's best interest at all times. A fiduciary financial advisor will also have control over their client's assets while also being trusted to buy and sell securities on their behalf.
Due to the higher standards set for a fiduciary (such as control over their client's assets), they are regulated by the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
This federal law ensures that fiduciaries perform their services in the best manner for their clients.
The specific set of rules explained in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 are called the Fiduciary Standard. People who must follow the fiduciary standard are Certified Financial Planners (CFP), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), certified investment advisers, and other persons who work with finances such as broker-dealers. The fiduciary standard is also the main source in which the SEC regulates all investment advisors.
The fiduciary standard says that an advisor cannot buy any securities for their account before purchasing them for a client. They also are not permitted to make trades that will earn them higher commissions for themselves or their firm (for a fee-based or commission only advisor).
All investment advice must be as accurate as possible with thorough and complete information that is up-to-date. Lastly, any potential conflicts of interest must be disclosed to clients at all times.
Los Angeles is home to over 12 million people, and as the second most populous city in the United States. This means there are a plethora of fee-only financial advisors near you ready to assist. Having access to so many can make it difficult to weed through the less desirable fee-only advisors to find the best one for you.
Certified Financial Planner (CFP)– this certification means that the financial advisor has decided to prove their knowledge and comprehension in the financial planning field. This is the most common type of certification for financial advisors. To receive the certification, the advisor applies through the Certified Planner Board of Standards and then must be complete the required coursework. This proves the advisor is an expert in financial fields such as retirement planning, estate planning, insurances, and more.
To keep the CFP certification, the advisor must complete continued education programs every two years.
Enrolled Agent (EA)– the EA credential is awarded by the IRS and is the most elite certification they grant. This makes them a federally-authorized tax practitioner. A financial advisor with an EA is an expert in taxes and is permitted to represent taxpaying clients before the IRS. Due to the high-standard EA's are held to, they must follow a Code of Ethics.
Accredited Investment Fiduciary (AIF)– an AIF is a financial advisor who has become an expert in fiduciary responsibilities. They achieve this by completing advanced courses that enhance their knowledge and comprehension of fiduciary responsibilities. Like with most other certifications, an AIF must sign and agree to oblige to the Code of Ethics. Additionally, they are required to complete six hours of continuing education each year.
Personal Financial Specialist (PFS)– a Personal Financial Specialist is a type of CFP who has proven their expertise in all areas of wealth management. A PFS certification is granted by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). This certification is only temporary. The PFS must complete 60 hours of continuing education at a professional level every three years.
Retirement Income Certified Professional (RICP)– a RICP has undergone training to understand how to effectively help a client with their retirement needs. This includes structuring their retirement plans, understanding and avoiding risks, and how to increase their wealth after retirement.
The financial advisor must oblige to The American College's Code of Ethics, where the RICP certification is granted. To keep this title, the financial advisor must complete 30 hours of continuing education every two years.


The five things you need to remember when applying for digital PR jobs.
Whether this is your first job out of university or you are looking to make the jump from 'traditional' PR these five recommendations will help you land your first job in digital PR.
Being able to confidently and accurately provide an answer to this question is the first – and arguably the most important – step to securing a job in the industry. While it may seem simplistic, it never ceased to amaze me how many experienced PR practitioners all the way up to Heads-of-Department positions couldn't answer this question. Common misconceptions include that digital PR is either just social media or getting coverage on newspaper websites rather than print.
Unfortunately reader there is no one-size-fits-all, copy-and-paste-into-interview-notes answer for this question. As, without sounding contrite, digital PR can mean different things to different people. It can also be given several different labels, including online PR and content marketing. Its most common meaning is the use of PR tactics to acquire high authority backlinks for the purpose of improving a website's SEO. But it can also include online content promotion, digital communications, video promotion, and influencer marketing.
My advice is to develop a solid understanding of all of the above and adapt your answer to whom your applying for.
The key word here is 'understand'. Memorising and then reciting digital terms absent understanding them is a quick way to give the interviewer the complete opposite impression of that which you are aiming for. If you say you enjoy working with influencers, be sure you a) can explain what an influencer is and b) are able to give examples.
For entry level or executive positions you will typically only need to know these metrics – not know how to report on them. Whereas for more senior positions you will be expected to be able to use programmes such as Google Analytics to source them.
4. What are your favourite digital PR campaigns?
This was a question that we find is almost always met by ponderous silence when asked in interviews, yet it's probably the easiest to prepare for and therefore answer. It also gives you the opportunity to commentate on someone else's successful work to demonstrate your understanding of digital PR. Head to sites such as PR Examples for inspiration if you're struggling.
The vast majority of a digital PR role requires the fundamental attributes any PR practitioner should possess. Writing, communication, knowing what is and isn't a story and account management are all vital skills. Given the choice of a candidate who succeeds at points 1-4 and one that only does so on point 5, it would typically be the latter who would get the job. Be careful not to be blinkered on the 'digital' and forget about the 'PR'.
For more information on any of the recommendations in this blog post or to learn more about our digital marketing training please get in touch here.


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Chief Rabbi of Moscow lights the first Chanukah Candle in Albania.
December 12th, the Conference of European Rabbis met with the Prime Minister of Albania Edi Rama.
On the first day of Chanukah, the first candle was lit at the government residence of the Albanian Prime Minister. The delegation of the CER included the trustees of the organization, the president of the Jewish community of Albania Geront Koreta and the ambassador of the State of Israel in Albania Boaz Rodkin.
Despite the fact that the Jewish community in Albania has about 100 people, and there are no synagogues, Jewish life there exists. The leader of the community Geront Koreta actively develops the community with his initiatives. This was reason enough for the Conference of European Rabbis to meet with the Prime Minister of Albania in order to discuss future joint projects.
This meeting began with the ceremony of Chanukah candle lighting of the first candle. "I have lit candles in my life, but this is my first Chanukah candle,"- the prime minister jokingly commented during the ceremony.
During dinner, Prime Minister Edi Rama spoke about the history of the Albanian Jews, he specifically mentioned the relationship towards the Jews during World War II. "Albania did not give up the Jews to the Nazis. Even more so, the Albanian people always attempted to help and hide the Jews, so they would not be found by the German soldiers",- said the Albanian Prime Minister.
It is worth noting that during World War II, Albania really became one of the first countries in terms of the number of Righteous Among the Nations (in proportion to the number of the Jewish population): there were 64 Albanians, the righteous of the world, for 244 Jews. Albania hosted Jewish refugees from Germany, Austria, Croatia, and Serbia, and Albania became one of the few European countries in which the Jewish community after the Second World War became more numerous than before.
Edi Rama shared with the Conference of European Rabbis about his initiative to create a Jewish center and a museum of Albanian Jews. He noted that this is important both for the development of the Jewish community and for educating the rest of the population: "I am convinced that people, especially young people, need to talk about all religions. Despite the prevalence of Muslims in our country, people need to know what Judaism is, what Christianity is, what Islam is. And this only confirms the need to create a Jewish center, as well as a museum where not only Jews but everyone else can get acquainted with the history of Jewry and the heroism of the Albanian people during the war".
Rabbi Pinchas Goldschmidt thanked the Prime Minister for this meeting and noted that the CER is ready to fully support the initiative of the Albanian authorities:
Rabbi Pinchas Goldschmidt remarked:"A visit to Albania can cause a lot of questions because of the small size of the community. However, the importance of such a meeting is not always determined by the size of the community or by the size of the Jewish population. The historical significance of this meeting is that we can start the development of the Jewish community in Albania.
We are grateful to the Prime Minister Edi Rama for the invitation and hospitality, as well as for his readiness to revive and support the Jewish community in Albania today when the number of the community is not more than 100 people. The Albanian people showed their best qualities towards Albanian Jews during World War II and this must not be forgotten. The memory of the past is a reliable foundation for building the future".


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Any Price (25)	 $500-4,999 (23)	 $5,000-19,999 (1)	 $20,000 and up (1)
Antiquarian|All Galleries
De admirabili Viperae natura et de mirificis ejusdem facultatibus.
Abbatius, Baldus Angelius.
The Hague: Sam Broun, 1660. Duodecimo, engraved title page, four wood engraved plates. Early papered boards, old library stamp on verso of title page, an excellent copy contained in a half calf and marbled boards Solander box. Baldo Angelo Abati was an Italian physician and naturalist who lived in the..... More
Price: $1,850.00 AU
Banks' Florilegium: a publication in thirty-four parts of seven hundred and thirty-eight copperplate engravings of plants collected on Captain James Cook's first voyage round the world in H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771, with five supplementary plates ...
Banks, Joseph.
London: Alecto Historical Editions in association with the British Museum (Natural History), 1980-1990. Folio, 738 copper-engraved plates in titled window mounts, colour printed a la poupee in up to 17 colours with additional watercolour touches from the original plates after Sydney Parkinson, Frederick Polydore Nodder, John Frederick Miller, James Miller..... More
Price: $125,000.00 AU
Banks' Florilegium: plants collected on Captain James Cook's First Voyage round the world in H.M.S. Endeavour 1768-1771 [Madeira section only].
London: Alecto Historical Editions in association with the British Museum (Natural History), 1985. Folio, Eleven copper engraved plates, à la poupée and finished by hand, each with the publisher's and printer's blindstamp, numbered and initialled by the printer, in window mounts with title, loosely contained in cloth-backed portfolios, in the..... More
A history of British birds.
Bewick, Thomas.
Newcastle: R. E. Bewick, (1805. second edition). Octavo, wood engravings. Contemporary half calf and marbled boards, some wear, a stain in volume two but not affecting text, a very good copy. Volume one: History and description of land birds. Volume two: History and description of water birds. Anderson and Gibson..... More
A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland.
Blackwall, John.
London: Ray Society, 1861-1864. Folio, 29 handcoloured lithographed plates. Publisher's quarter cloth and papered boards with title labels, corners a little bumped but a very good copy. John Blackwall (1790-1881) was a pioneering arachnologist, correspondent of Charles Darwin, and one of the first naturalists to be interested in spiders of..... More
A philosophical account of the works of nature: endeavouring to set forth the several graduations remarkable in the mineral, vegetable and animal parts of the creation.
Bradley, Richard.
London: W. Mears, 1721. Quarto, 28 handcoloured engraved plates. Contemporary full calf and maroon leather label, some wear and corners bumped, all edges coloured, a sound copy. Richard Bradley was appointed to the chair of botany at Cambridge University in 1724. This work is an early attempt to describe the..... More
Selecta Fungorum Carpologia of the brothers L. R. and C. Tulasne. Translated into English by W. B. Grove.
Buller, A. H. Reginald and C. L. Shears, editors.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931. Folio, 61 uncoloured plates, a very good set lacking dustwrappers. "The Carpologia at the time of its publication (1861-1865) was an epoch-making work and [is] one of the great mycological classics. Its primary purpose was to demonstrate the pleomorphism of the Ascomycetes which had been denied..... More
Foreign finches in captivity.
Butler, Arthur G.
London: L. Reeve & Co., 1894. Quarto, 59 (of 60) handcoloured lithographs by Frohawk, lacks the Painted Finch plate and the Chestnut-breasted Finch/ Three-coloured Mannikin plate is substantially trimmed but not affecting image. Publisher's blindstamped burgundy morocco grain cloth with handsome gilt finch design on upper board, top edge gilt..... More
Destruction of life by snakes, hydrophobia, etc. in western India.
By an ex-commissioner.
London: W. H. Allen, 1880. Duodecimo, Publisher's green cloth with titles, a few blemishes otherwise a very good copy, rare.	More
Nests and eggs of Australian birds: including the geographical distribution of the species and popular observations thereon.
Campbell, Archibald James.
Sheffield: Author, 1900. Octavo, 28 (27 of eggs) chromolithographs by Brittlebank, photographs. Publisher's brown decorated cloth [single volume], a superb bright crisp copy, scarce in this condition. A. J. Campbell, a foundation member of both the Royal Australasian Ornithologists' Union and the Bird Observers' Club, was a prolific contributor to..... More
Maryland Geological Survey.
Clark, William Bullock, editor.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1897-1922. Quarto, 21 volumes. Publisher's cloth (except for two volumes), a fine set. A monumental work on the geology of North America. Freight will be charged at cost.	More
Oeuvres du Comte de Lacepede, comprenant l'histoire naturelle des quarupedes ovipares, avec la synonymie des auteurs modernes les plus celebres.
Desmarest, M. A. G.
Bruxelles: Lacrosse et cie, 1839. Octavo, Binders half morocco and cloth boards, printed wrappers retained. Text volumes only of mammals, reptiles and fish. Not in Wood or Ronsil.	More
Parrots in captivity.
Greene, W. T.
London: George Bell and Sons, 1884-1887. Octavo, three volumes, 81 colour-printed wood-engraved plates (chromoxylographs) by Benjamin Fawcett drawn by A. F. Lydon. Publisher's primary issue dark green blindstamped cloth, a fine set in the best of three variant publisher's bindings, scarce in this condition. The first book devoted exclusively to..... More
London: George Bell and Sons, 1884-1887. Tall octavo, 81 colour-printed wood-engraved plates (chromoxylographs) by Benjamin Fawcett drawn by A. F. Lydon. Publisher's turquoise green blindstamped cloth, a very good crisp set. The first book devoted exclusively to parrots in captivity and with much of Australian interest. Occasional contributions were made..... More
Review of the genus Cisticola.
Lynes, H.
London: The Ibis, 1930. Octavo, 20 colour plates. Handsome binder's red cloth, a small sticker pasted on the front endpaper from the author. The plates are produced in folding chart form and are highly attractive examples of measured drawings. Published as a Supplement to The Ibis, Twelfth Series, Volume six.....	More
London: The Ibis, 1930. Octavo, 20 colour plates. Handsome publisher's "Ibis" red cloth, a very good copy. The plates are produced in folding chart form and are highly attractive examples of measured drawings. Published as a Supplement to The Ibis, Twelfth Series, volume six.	More
Indian snakes. An elementary treatise on ophiology with a descriptive catalogue of the snakes found in India and the adjoining countries.
Nicholson, Edward.
Madras: Higginbotham and Co., (1893. second edition). Octavo, 20 lithographic plates, many figures handcoloured. Publisher's brown cloth with gilt cobra, title page and early leaves laid down, otherwise a very good copy.	More
A handbook to the birds of British Burma, including those found in the adjoining sate of Karenne.
Oates, Eugene W.
London: R. H. Porter, 1883. Octavo, coloured folding map. Contemporary half morocco and patterned cloth, bookplate, scarce. Wood p. 497.	More
The birds of the Malay Peninsula: a general account of the birds inhabiting the region from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore with the adjacent islands.
Robinson, Herbert C. and Frederick N. Chasen.
London: H. F. & G. Witherby, 1927-1976. Small quarto, 125 colour plates by Gronvold. Publisher's red cloth (volume five in dustwrapper), a fine set. Volume five Conclusion and survey of every species was produced much later (1976) by Lord Medway and David R. Wells.	More
Catalogue of the Psittaci, or parrots in the collection of the British Museum.
Salvadori, T.
London: British Museum (Natural History), 1898. Octavo, 18 chromolithographic plates by Keulemans. Publisher's brown cloth, partly unopened, apart from a library pocket and a small paper library stamp on the bottom of the spine, a near fine copy. Volume 20 from Richard Bowdler Sharpe's 27 volume Catalogue of Birds in..... More
British Wild Flowers ... described, with an introduction and key to the natural order by C. Pierpoint Johnson.
Sowerby, John E.
London: John Van Voorst, (1863. second edition). Octavo, frontispiece and 86 handcoloured steel engraved plates. Handsome contemporary full gilt morocco, all edges gilt, marbled endpapers, two nineteenth century ownership inscriptions (one dated 1863), an occasional spot, otherwise a fine crisp copy. The expanded reissue of Sowerby's classic work on British..... More
The ferns of Great Britain [with] The fern allies: a supplement.
Sowerby, John E. and Charles Johnson.
London: Henry G Bohn, 1859. Octavo, 80 handcoloured plates. Publisher's handsome blindstamped and decorated cloth, all edges gilt, a few occasional spots and signature on front endpaper, a fine copy. BM(NH) p. 1984; Plesch; p. 414; Pritzel 8793.	More
The birds of the British Islands.
Stonham, Charles.
London: E. Grant Richards, 1906-1911. Large quarto, 318 uncoloured plates by Lillian Medland. Publisher's cloth, top edge gilt, a few flecks, internally some light spotting. Lilian Medland married Tom Iredale and illustrated his Birds of Paradise and Bower Birds 1953 and Birds of New Guinea, 1956.	More
A list of birds known to inhabit the Island of Celebes.
Walden, Arthur.
London: Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 1872. Quarto, coloured map and ten handcoloured plates. Contemporary brown half morocco and marbled boards, upper corner of drop title restored without affecting text, a very good copy. Transactions of the Zoological Society, volume eight part two.	More
The internal structure of fossil vegetables found in the carboniferous and oolitic deposits of Great Britain, described and illustrated.
Witham, Henry.
Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1833. Quarto, 16 engraved plates. Contemporary full calf, expertly rebacked, a "prize" binding with a contemporary written inscription pasted in. Henry Witham (1779- 1844) was the first English person to investigate the internal structure of fossil plants by sectioning the specimens and was a founder..... More


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\noindent
Microswimmers can modify their motion in response to a physical or chemical stimulus from the surrounding environment.
They are equipped with simple sensory capacities
and behavioral patterns aimed at survival
in dynamic environments such as oceans or biological fluids ~\cite{pedley1992hydrodynamic,fenchel2002microbial,kiorboe2001marine}.
Inspired by motile microorganisms, researchers have been developing artificial particles that feature similar swimming behavior either in a predefined way or by active control of their dynamical actions~\cite{lauga2009hydrodynamics,ebbens2010pursuit,ghosh2009controlled,mair2011highly,fischer2011magnetically,wang2012nano,gazzola2014reinforcement,gazzola2016learning}.
One long-term goal is to engineer micro-robots that can swim toward specific target locations and autonomously perform complex tasks, with potential   biofluidic and pharmaceutical applications~\cite{nelson2010microrobots,gao2014environmental,abdelmohsen2014environmental,patra2013intelligent}.
Another important goal suggested by behavioral studies is to understand  the origin of different navigation strategies in various fluid environments~\cite{reddy2016learning}.

In this paper, we continue the study  presented in Ref.~\cite{colabrese2017flow}. The previous target was to find efficient motility strategies for a simple model of microswimmers in a two-dimensional flow via {\it reinforcement learning algorithms}.
These algorithms are suitable to find optimal or approximately optimal  behaviours for performing a given pre-selected task.
The investigated simple model considers smart active microswimmers able to sense some basic cues from their environment. Furthermore, the particles have the ability to exert a control over some internal parameters that govern the preferred swimming direction with which they tend to align.
Using reinforcements from the environment the particle should find an efficient strategy to alter the internal parameter in order to achieve some long-term goal.
In Ref.~\cite{colabrese2017flow} we have shown that with a suitable choice of sensory inputs and actions, it is possible to find  very efficient strategies to escape from fluids traps, at least for two-dimensional flows with different degrees of complexity.
In this work, we start from the same setup of Ref.~\cite{colabrese2017flow} and we expand to the more complex case of  particles
immersed in a three-dimensional flow given by a superposition of two stationary Arnold-Beltrami-Childress (ABC) helical velocity fields.
The ABC flows are particularly relevant for fluid dynamics, because they are exact stationary solutions of the Euler equations with non-trivial chaotic Lagrangian properties. As a result, in such flow configurations even a simple tracer which follows the streamlines is chaotically advected in the whole flow volume. Here we ask the question whether the swimmers  can learn to move efficiently through the chaotic flow towards a given direction (say upwards).

We consider an active particle that moves with constant speed in a direction that results from the competition between the shear-induced viscous torque and a torque that is controlled by the particle itself (see Fig. \ref{fig:1}).
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\begin{overpic}[width=5cm]{Fig1.pdf}
		\put(37,79){$\ve{P}$}
		\put(79,78.5){$\ve{K}_a$}
		\put(-28,80){\color{MyBlue}Torque due to }
		\put(-28,73){\color{MyBlue}rotational}
		\put(-28,66){\color{MyBlue}swimming}
		\put(-28,59){\color{MyBlue}towards $\ve K_a$}
		\put(74,13){\color{MyGreen}Viscous torque due}
		\put(74,6){\color{MyGreen}to fluid gradients}
	\end{overpic}
	\caption{Sketch of the force balance on the body of the microswimmer. The smart microswimmer swims at all times with a constant swimming velocity with amplitude  $v_{\rm s}$ and with variable instantaneous direction $\ve{P}$.
		The orientation of $\ve P$ is determined by a competition between the viscous torque due to fluid gradients (green curved arrow), and the  torque controlled by the particle itself (blue curved arrow) such that it tries to rotate towards
		a direction $ \ve{K}_a $, with $a$ labelling one of the six possible orientations for the set-up  studied in this paper.
		The goal is  to learn the optimal policy  to swim upwards as fast as possible by dynamically selecting $\ve{K}_a$.}\label{fig:1}
\end{figure}
In absence of flow,  the optimal strategy is to behave as a naive \textit{gyrotactic particle} which is constantly  reoriented by gravity to swim upwards.
In the presence of a flow, this choice may reveal quite inadequate. Depending on the particular realization and the properties of the swimmer, there is a competition between reorientations due to gravity and due to rotations from the vorticity of the flow.
This competition may hinder efficient ascent through the flow and even cause naive gyrotactic particles to remain trapped at a given depth~\cite{santamaria2014gyrotactic,durham2009disruption,durham2013turbulence}.
Similar trapping effects are observed also in other contexts dominated by nonlinear coupling between particle and surrounding flow, for example for driven inertial particles in laminar flows \cite{sarracino2016nonlinear,cecconi2017anomalous}.
Using limited information about the regions of the flow they visit, the smart particles gradually develop a policy to escape from trapping regions and to find efficient pathways in order to globally move against gravity faster than naive gyrotactic swimmers.
Reinforcement learning provides a way to construct such efficient strategies  by accumulating good and bad experiences.
\section{Smart active swimmers}
\label{sec:swimmer}
\noindent
We consider neutrally buoyant, passive microswimmers that are small enough so that all inertial effects and feedback on the flow field $\ve u$ can be neglected~\cite{purcell1977life}.
The translational motion of an individual microswimmer is governed by flow advection  and by the swimming velocity with
constant magnitude $v_{\rm s}$ in the instantaneous direction $\ve P$:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Pos}
\dot{\ve{X}} = \textbf{u}  + v_{\rm s} \textbf{P} + \sqrt{2D_0}\ve\eta\,.
\end{equation}
Here $\dot{\ve X}$ denotes the time derivative of the position of the swimmer, $\ve X$.
In order to avoid structurally unstable dynamics, we have introduced a Gaussian white noise $\ve\eta(t)$ such that $\langle \eta_i(t)\eta_j(t') \rangle = \delta_{ij}\delta(t-t')$, where $D_0$ denotes the intensity of a small translational diffusivity.
The rotational motion of the particle is determined from the two torques illustrated in Fig.\ref{fig:1} and the corresponding change in the direction of $\ve P$ is given by~\cite{pedley1992hydrodynamic}:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Dir}
\dot{\ve{P}} =  \dfrac{1}{2B}[\ve{K}_a- (\ve{K}_a\cdot \ve{P})\ve{P}] + \dfrac{1}{2}\ve\Omega \times \ve{P} +\sqrt{2D_{\rm R}} \ve\xi\,.
\end{equation}
Here $ \ve{K}_a$ is a given target direction, $ \ve{\Omega}\equiv\ve\nabla\times\ve u$ is the flow vorticity, $B$ is a parameter that determines the time scale of alignment between $\ve P$ and $\ve{K}_a$ in the absence of flow.
As we did for the translational motion, we have added also here a Gaussian white noise $\ve\xi(t)$ which introduces a rotational diffusivity via the small parameter $D_{\rm R}$ and it is such that the unit amplitude of $\ve P$ is preserved.
In our case, the index $a$ of $\ve{K}_a$ takes a discrete set of values that corresponds to a finite number of possible target directions.
Naive gyrotactic particles have a single value $K_a=\hat z$ and always tend to align in the vertical  direction opposite to gravity.
Our smart active particle can choose its direction $K_a$ dynamically, depending on local cues measured along the trajectory,  as is explained in Section~\ref{sec:implementation}.

We denote the characteristic speed and magnitude of vorticity of the flow by $u_0$ and $\Omega_0$ respectively.
The dynamics in Eqs. (\ref{eq:Pos}) and (\ref{eq:Dir}) depends on two relevant dimensionless parameters.
First, the swimming number $\Phi\equiv v_{\rm s}/u_0$, that
quantifies the relative magnitude of the particle swimming speed to that of the flow.
Second, the stability number $\Psi\equiv B\omega_0$, that quantifies the relative magnitude of rotations due to the fluid vorticity compared to rotations due to the self-induced torque of the particle.
In the limit of $\Phi\gg 1$ and $\Psi\ll 1$ the flow can be neglected and the optimal strategy to navigate upwards will be simply given by the naive gyrotactic case, with ${\ve K}_a= \hat z$ at all times.
On the other hand, when  $\Phi$ is small, particles are mainly advected by the flow and navigation becomes hard.
Likewise, when  $\Psi$ is large, navigation is hard because particles are strongly  re-oriented  by the fluid vorticity.
In this work we will focus on microswimmers with parameter combinations in the regime of small $\Phi$ and large $\Psi$ where navigation is hard.
Typical values of $\Phi$ and $\Psi$ encountered in natural planktonic microswimmers in the ocean range from $ \Psi\sim 1$--$50$ and $\Phi\sim 0.03$--$1$ for surface water and $ \Psi \sim 0.01$--$50$ and $\Phi\sim 0.03$--$10$ for the very deep sea~\cite{gustavsson2016preferential}.
\section{The three-dimensional chaotic flow}
\label{sec:flow}
\noindent
The  ABC family of flows is characterised by having vorticity perfectly aligned or anti-aligned with velocity at each point in
the three-dimensional space.
Even though the flow has a simple Eulerian representation, it has highly non-trivial Lagrangian properties.
In order to make navigation through the flow more complicated, we decided to explore a  less symmetric case by  taking
a linear superposition of two ABC flows:
\begin{eqnarray}
u_x&=& C\cos y + A\sin z + \widetilde{C} \cos 4(y + \Delta_1) + \widetilde{A} \sin 4(z + \Delta_2) \nonumber\\
u_y&=& A \cos z + B \sin x + \widetilde{A} \cos 4(z + \Delta_2) + \widetilde{B} \sin 4(x + \Delta_3)\nonumber\\
u_z&=& B \cos x + C \sin y + \widetilde{B} \cos 4(x + \Delta_3) + \widetilde{C}\sin 4 (y + \Delta_1), \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
with parameters
\begin{eqnarray}
A = 1.5;\quad \widetilde{A} &=& 2.0;\quad \Delta_1 = 0.9; \nonumber\\
B = 0.5;\quad \widetilde{B} &=& 1.0;\quad \Delta_2  = 0.4 ; \nonumber\\
C = 2.5;\quad \widetilde{C} &=& 0.3;\quad \Delta_3 = 2.9.
\end{eqnarray}
For  what concerns the results shown in this paper, the exact choice of the linear superposition is not important. We have checked that with other similar values of the parameters all our results are qualitatively the same.
To visualize the spatial complexity of the flow we show the magnitude of the velocity field in Fig.~\ref{fig:lsABC}.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=5cm]{velocitymagnitude.png}
	\caption{Colour-coded representation of the spatial dependence of the magnitude of the velocity, $|\ve{u}|$, for the superposition of two ABC flows considered in our study.}\label{fig:lsABC}
\end{figure}
\section{Implementation of reinforcement learning}
\label{sec:implementation}
\noindent
The reinforcement learning framework for an agent (the smart  microswimmer) has three basic components.
First, the {\it state} $s$ denotes what the agent senses.
The state $s$ is an element of $\mathcal{S}$, where $\mathcal{S}$ denotes a finite set of distinct states the agent is able to recognise.
Second, the agent can choose an {\it action} $a$.
The choice of action determines the dynamical evolution of the particle.
It is chosen depending on the current state and can be selected from a finite set of possible actions $\mathcal{A}$.
The final component is the {\it reward} $r$.
It is evaluated after the particle has interacted with the environment using an action $a$ determined by the state $s$.
It quantifies the immediate success or failure of the action chosen for the current state to reach the targeted  goal.

In our implementation, particles can perceive only a coarse-grained representation of their current swimming direction $\ve{P}$ and of the local flow vorticity. We have chosen a state space $\mathcal{S}$ that is the product of two subsets, one identifying the coarse grained values of the $z$-component of the vorticity field, $\Omega_z$ and the second identifying a coarse grained value of the instantaneous swimming direction, $\ve P$. The discrete state space is $\mathcal{S} = \mathcal{S}_{\Omega_z} \times \mathcal{S}_{\ve{\mbox{\footnotesize{\boldmath$P$}}}} $, where $\mathcal{S}_{\Omega_z}$ are ten distinct equispaced intervals of $\Omega_z$ and where  $\mathcal{S}_{\ve{\mbox{\footnotesize{\boldmath$P$}}}} $ are the six angular sectors of the direction $\ve P$ depicted in Fig. \ref{fig:sketch}. As a result, we have in total $10\times6=60$ possible states.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=5cm]{sphere.png}
	\caption{Sketch of the six angular sectors into which the instantaneous directions $ \ve{P}$ are mapped to define the set of states, ${\cal S}_p$.
		The unit sphere is divided into three segments separated by the planes $z=-0.5$ and $z=0.5$. The segment $-1\le z<-0.5$ corresponds to the direction $-\hat z$. The region $0.5< z\le 1$ corresponds to the direction $\hat z$. The remaining segment is divided into four equal-sized circular sections that are centered around the directions $-\hat x$, $\hat{x}$, $-\hat y$ and $-\hat y$.}
	\label{fig:sketch}
\end{figure}
The set of actions comprises six target swimming directions
${\ve K}_a \in \mathcal{A} = (\hat{x}, -\hat{x}, \hat{y}, -\hat{y}, \hat{z}, -\hat{z}) $.
Because we want the particles to go upwards, we let the reward be the net increase in the $z$-direction during any time interval the particle interacts with its environment.

The aim is to find an approximately optimal policy $\pi^*$  to choose an action $a$ given a certain instantaneous state $s$: $\pi^* : s \rightarrow a$~\cite{book:sutton}.
The algorithm constructs $\pi^*$ by the introduction of intermediate strategies $\pi_n$ during the $n$-th learning step, such that $ \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \pi_n = \pi^*$.
The instantaneous  policy $\pi_n$ depends in a deterministic way on the entries of a {\it quality matrix} $Q_{\pi_n}(a_n,s_n)$ according to a greedy rule: for any given state $s$ we pick the action $a$ that corresponds to the largest value of $Q$. This is motivated by the fact
that $Q$  quantifies the expected discounted sum of future rewards, conditioned on the current state $s_n$, action $a_n$ and policy $\pi_n$:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:return}
Q_{\pi_n}(s_n,a_n) = \langle r_{n+1}\rangle + \gamma \langle r_{n+2}\rangle +
\gamma^2 \langle r_{n+3}\rangle + \cdots\,.
\end{equation}
Here the future rewards are given by the change in $z$ experienced between any two changes of state: $$r_{n+1}= z(s_{n+1})-z(s_n)$$
and $\gamma$ is the {\it discount factor} with $ 0 \leq \gamma < 1$. It quantifies the importance of future rewards.
For a value close to zero, only the next few rewards are taken into account, resulting in a short-sighted policy that greedily maximises the immediate reward, but may fail to reach a long-term goal.
For a value close to unity, we have a far-sighted optimization where later rewards give significant contributions, possibly allowing for long-term goals to be reached.
The one-step Q-learning algorithm that we use provides a way to update the matrix $Q$ such that for large $n$ we find an approximately optimal policy $\pi^*$ under suitable conditions~\cite{book:sutton}. The rule is that at any state change, $s_n \rightarrow s_{n+1}$,
we  update the value of $Q$ for the old state-action pair $(s_n,a_n)$  according to the reward, $r_{n+1}$,  and to the expected future rewards when being in the new state $s_{n+1}$ according to the current policy:
\begin{align}\label{eq:Q}
Q(s_n&, a_n) \leftarrow   \\
& Q(s_n, a_n) +   \alpha [r_{n+1} + \gamma \max_{a}Q(s_{n+1}, a) - Q(s_n, a_n)]\,. \nonumber
\end{align}
Here $0< \alpha <1$ is a free parameter which controls the learning rate~\cite{book:sutton}. It is possible to show~\cite{book:sutton} that for Markovian systems $ Q \rightarrow Q^{*} $ with probability $1$ if $ \alpha $ is taken to decay slowly to zero and the action selection rule samples each action an infinite number of times.
The system considered here is not Markovian, but, as illustrated in Section \ref{sec:result}, the rule~(\ref{eq:Q}) still produces approximately optimal policies for large values of $n$.

Training sessions are organised  into subsequences, called episodes, $E$, with $E=1,\dots,N_E$ where $N_E$ is the total number of episodes
of each session. The first episode in each session starts with random position and orientation for the particle and with an optimistic initial strategy,  i.e. all entries of $Q$ are very large.  This is done in order to enhance  exploration in the space of the state-action pairs. At the end of each episode, we restart at another random position and orientation for the particle, but we keep the final $Q$ matrix from the previous episode. In this way, every time we restart a new episode we have some exploration due to the random restart
but we keep accumulating experience concerning the policy. In our particular case, an episode lasts until $T=8000$, where $T$ is a given
physical time.
\section{Results}
\label{sec:result}
\noindent
In order to quantify the ability of the smart particle to learn during a training session, we monitor the total vertical distance travelled by the swimmer during each episode $\Delta Z (E)= z(T) - z(0)$, normalized by the same quantity for the naive gyrotactic particle, the latter averaged over many different initial conditions:
\begin{equation}
\Sigma (E) = \frac{\Delta Z}{\langle \Delta Z_g \rangle}\,.
\end{equation}
Fig.~\ref{fig:gyroReturn} shows  the evolution  of $\Sigma$ vs $E$ during 10 independent training sessions.
The blind policy at $E=0$ gives $\Sigma(E) \sim 0$ because the particles are as likely to go down as up before training. After a number of episodes, $E \sim 500$, the learning gain increases to eventually settle at an approximately optimal level. Which level is reached depends on the history of states, actions and rewards the particle encounters. These depend on the initial conditions and on the white noises in Eqs.(\ref{eq:Pos}) and (\ref{eq:Dir}). All training sessions in Fig.~\ref{fig:gyroReturn} are highly successful, outperforming the naive gyrotactic swimmer by obtaining an upward drift that is better by a factor between five and nine. In Fig.~\ref{fig:learnProcess} we show a visual comparison between representative trajectories: smart particles (blue trajectories) go upwards faster than naive particles (red trajectories) once they find the elevator regions in the flow. In order to quantify the learning gain, we perform also an \textit{exam} phase by using a fixed approximately optimal $Q$-matrix obtained at the end of one of the $10$ training experiments shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:gyroReturn}. In the exam, we evaluate the discounted return along one episode starting from the stable attractor of the dynamics, i.e. after that particles have forgotten their initial conditions:
\begin{equation}
R(E) = \sum_{n=1}^{N_s}r_n\gamma^n,
\end{equation}
where $ N_s $ is the total number of state changes for that episode and it is of the order of a few thousand.
In Table~\ref{tab:gyroReturn} we show the discounted returns averaged over $ 1000 $ trajectories  for smart $\langle R(E)\rangle $ and naive particles $\langle R(E)_g\rangle$, for three points in the parameter space. For the considered cases we found that smart particles show improvement over the naive gyrotactic ones, as pointed out in the third column of Tab.~\ref{tab:gyroReturn}, in which the ratio between the respective discounted returns is reported .
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=.6]{GyroABCreturn.pdf}\caption{Dependence of the normalized total vertical distance $\Sigma(E)$ vs $E$ during 10 different independent training sessions (black curves). The value of $\Sigma(E)$ that is visualized is averaged  over  a window of 500 consecutive episodes to smooth out fluctuations. Notice that in all cases the smart particles are able to learn a strategy that outperform the naive case after $\sim  1000$ episodes. The small scatter among the optimal final strategies is due to the limited exploration introduced in the protocol (see the conclusions for a discussion about how it is possible to further improve these results using an $\epsilon$-greedy strategy). Parameters: $\Psi=9.5$, $\Phi=0.03$, $D_0\omega_0/u_0^2=0.004$, $D_{\rm R}/\omega_0=0.005$, $\alpha=0.1$, $\gamma=0.999$}
	\label{fig:gyroReturn}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering

	\includegraphics[scale=0.51,trim={10mm 115mm 0mm 11mm}]{match4.pdf}

	\caption{Three-dimensional evolution of two representative trajectories for smart active particles (blue) compared with two trajectories for naive gyrotactic particles (red). The inset shows a portion of a smart particle trajectory inside an elevator region. The $ \Omega_z $ field is colour-coded.}
	\label{fig:learnProcess}
\end{figure}
\begin{table}[htbp]
	\centering
	\begin{tabular}{|cccc|}
		\hline
		$(\Psi,\Phi)$ & $\langle R(E) \rangle$ & $\langle R(E)_g \rangle$ & $\langle R(E) \rangle/ \langle R(E)_g \rangle$\cr
		$(2.8,0.3)$ & 1026.4&359.5 & 3.0 \cr
		$(28.5,0.08)$ & 174.5& 85.4& 2.9\cr
		$(9.5,0.03)$ & 376.5& 26.4& 14.3\cr
		\hline
	\end{tabular}

	\caption{Average discounted return $\langle R(E) \rangle$ for some different parameter combinations $\Psi$ and $\Phi$ both for smart and naive particles. The last parameter combination corresponds to the data in Fig.~\ref{fig:gyroReturn}
	}\label{tab:gyroReturn}
\end{table}
In order to show the non-trivial policy that the smart particles are able to learn, we  visualize in Fig. \ref{fig:gyrotraj} the optimal actions taken in different spatial regions during the ascent through an {\it elevator}.
While the instantaneous direction of the smart particle always points upwards (it moves within the angular sector of the state $ \hat{z}$), the preferential direction changes depending on the $ \Omega_z $ states crossed by the particle.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering

	\includegraphics[scale=.6,trim={0mm 5mm 0mm 20mm}]{colorABC.pdf}
	\caption{ Three-dimensional rendering showing how the six actions, $\ve{K}_a$, are taken in the elevator region  by smart particles following one of the approximately optimal policies obtained in Fig.~\ref{fig:gyroReturn}.}
	\label{fig:gyrotraj}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=.75]{SD2.pdf}

	\caption{Logarithmic plot of the square root of the vertical mean square displacement, $\Delta z(t) = (\langle (z(t) -z(0))^2 \rangle)^{1/2}$, as a function of time for the  smart active particles (blue) and for naive particles (red).
		The average is over  $10$  trajectories also shown in the figure (grey filled circles for smart particles and yellow empty circles for naive particles). Notice that around $t \sim 1000$ the smart particles start to systematically outperform the naive case, indicating that this is the typical time needed to find the elevator regions inside the volume.
	}\label{fig:logscale}
\end{figure}
To quantify the long-term gain  in the upward drift, we show the square root of the mean square displacement:
\begin{equation}
\Delta z(t) = (\langle (z(t) -z(0))^2 \rangle)^{1/2}
\end{equation}
in a logarithmic scale in Fig.~\ref{fig:logscale}.
For large times, the smart particles have a quasi-ballistic behaviour with $\Delta z (t) \sim t$, while naive gyrotactic particles are drifting upwards much slower.
The data refers to the exam phase, in which we use a policy derived from a constant $Q$-matrix taken from the final episode of a training session.
It is interesting to notice that while $\Delta z$ for naive particles has a constant slope when plotted against time,
$\Delta z$ for smart particles change slope after the characteristic time needed to find an elevator region in the underlying flow.
It is not clear why this time scale is so large ($t\sim 1000$).
We expect that changing the learning framework, for example by choosing a reward that is beneficial for quick ascension, should result in a strategy that more quickly finds the elevator regions.

\section{Conclusions}
\noindent
In this paper we have extended the analysis done in Ref.~\cite{colabrese2017flow} to show how smart microswimmers
are able to learn approximately optimal swimming policies  to escape fluid traps and to efficiently swim upwards even in the presence of a complex three-dimensional underlying flow with chaotic trajectories.
We achieve this goal by applying a reinforcement learning algorithm, where the microswimmer adapts its strategy by learning from experience. In particular, we rely on the one-step Q-learning algorithm to converge to an approximately optimal policy in an iterative way. We benchmark the performance by comparing the ability to reach the goal (in our case to quickly move upwards) with the case of naive particles that cannot adapt their swimming direction. For all cases we tried, we found that the policies generated using reinforcement learning outperform the naive ones. The smart particles are able to find  elevator regions in the three-dimensional volume, allowing them to quickly ascend the flow, while naive particles are meandering around  with a slower mean vertical  velocity. In principle, even better strategies could be obtained by adopting an $\epsilon$-greedy algorithm, i.e. allowing for additional exploration during the learning phase by leaving to the particle a small probability $\epsilon$ to choose an action  different from the optimal one, at each time the state changes  ~\cite{book:sutton}. This is sometimes useful to further enhance exploration vs exploitation during the learning phase.

It is important to make clear that we are not interested at this stage to make a fully realistic model of either the particle dynamics, or the actual complexity of real fluid flows.
At this stage we also avoid complications that may be present if one were to implement the reinforcement learning protocol online for physical microswimmers, such as time delays between sensing, actions and rewards.
Our goal is instead to propose a way  to develop novel strategies for designing smart devices. The reinforcement learning algorithm provides solutions to perform difficult tasks in complex environments.\\
Acknoledgements: SC and LB acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Unions Seventh Framework Programme, ERC Grant Agreement No 339032.

\section{Authors contributions}
\noindent
All the authors were involved in the preparation of the manuscript.
All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
BrahMos missile successfully test-fired in Odisha
FeaturedNational
BALASORE: India on Monday successfully test-fired a land-attack version of Brahmos supersonic missile from Chandipur coast in Odisha's Balasore district.
The test met all flight parameters, said a source in the Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO).
The missile, with a strike range of 290km, can be fired from land as well as sea-based platforms, he said.
On March 11, 2017, the first extended version of the missile, which had a strike range of 450 km, was successfully tested, the source added.
BrahMos is a joint venture between the DRDO and the NPOM of Russia.
EC on ex-AAP MLAs plea against disqualification
Markets shut, public transport off roads, connectivity suspended
Assam Rifles jawan, who 'detained' Manipur IPS officer, summoned by…


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A: You need a comma after "POST".

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TORRANCE, Calif. /California Newswire/ — DocMagic, Inc., the premier provider of fully-compliant loan document preparation, regulatory compliance and comprehensive eMortgage services, announced that on Thursday, May 24, the entire company participated in Red Nose Day – an effort to help end child poverty both in the U.S. and in some of the poorest communities in the world. Red Noses can still be purchased from Walgreens retail outlets through June 2, 2018 in support of the fundraising campaign.
Red Nose Day is a fundraising campaign run by the non-profit organization Comic Relief Inc., a registered U.S. 501(c)(3) public charity. In 2015, Red Nose Day officially launched in the U.S. with a mission to bring people together to have fun, raise money, create awareness and help change the lives of children living in poverty. Globally, the event has raised over $1 billion since its launch in the U.K. in 1988.
Pictures of DocMagic employees supporting Red Nose Day can be found on the company's Facebook page and a video can be found on YouTube.
The official event was televised by NBC on Thursday, May 24 at 7:00 p.m. PDT. A number of different celebrities and comedians showed to support Red Nose Day, which included Julia Roberts, Jack Black, Jennifer Garner, Kelly Clarkson, Ben Stiller, Sarah Silverman and Marlon Wayans, to name a few.
DocMagic also participates in other charitable events and community service activities throughout the year. The company has delivered thousands of its 'Sergeant Doc' themed bunnies to the children of military service members. Plans are currently underway for additional giveaways to various charities and causes this summer.
DocMagic, Inc. is the leading provider of fully-compliant loan document preparation, compliance, eSign and eDelivery solutions for the mortgage industry. Founded in 1988 and headquartered in Torrance, Calif., DocMagic, Inc. develops software, mobile apps, processes and web- based systems for the production and delivery of compliant loan document packages. The company's compliance experts and in-house legal staff consistently monitor legal and regulatory changes at both the federal and state levels to ensure accuracy. For more information on DocMagic, visit https://www.docmagic.com/.
Red Nose Day is a fundraising campaign run by the non-profit organization Comic Relief Inc., a registered U.S. 501(c)(3) public charity. Red Nose Day started in the U.K., built on the foundation that the power of entertainment can drive positive change, and has raised over $1 billion globally since the campaign's founding in 1988. Red Nose Day launched in the U.S. in 2015 with a mission to raise money and awareness to end child poverty, and has raised over $95 million to date for the cause. Money raised goes to the Red Nose Day Fund, which supports programs that keep children in need safe, healthy and educated, both in America and abroad.
Beneficiaries include the Boys & Girls Clubs of America; charity: water; Children's Health Fund; Covenant House; Feeding America; Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; Laureus Sport for Good; National Council of La Raza; Oxfam America; Rotary/End Polio Now; Save the Children; and The Global Fund. Since launching in the U.S., Red Nose Day has received generous support from millions of Americans, hundreds of celebrities and many outstanding partners, including Walgreens, NBC, Mars, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. For more information, visit the Red Nose Day website at www.rednoseday.org. Follow @RedNoseDayUSA on Twitter and Instagram, and on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/RedNoseDayUSA.


Prom is approaching and you want to impress your date and classmates with your cool sense of style. Don't blow it! These pictures will last a lifetime. Use these ten tips to help you attain a look that will make an impression and stand the test of time. 1) Let your personality shine! Just because you have to dress in a tux doesn't mean it must be the traditional, boring penguin suit. Dress up your tux with accessories that reflect your personal style.
Don't be afraid to set the trend! Try a unique tux shirt and adorn it with a cool-looking vest and tie. For the quintessential "Always one in the crowd" personality, a top hat, gloves and cane will do the trick. 2) Show your true colors! Unlike many formal affairs, prom night is a festive event at which you can exhibit your flair by wearing interesting colors in your tie, vest or cummerbund. Remember.If you really want to score big with your date, coordinate your accessories with the color of her dress. What woman could resist a man who thinks of her? 3) Sweet old memories.
Don't forget, these photos will last a lifetime. The wrong outfit could cause years of embarrassment. So don't choose something silly, tacky or over-the-top just to get a laugh out of your friends.
Trust me, your mother will have this picture on the mantel for years to come. 4) The fitting image! The tux must fit properly. In a nutshell: Too big and it looks like you are wearing your dad's clothes; too tight, and it looks like it shrank while you were wearing it. The tuxedo should fit comfortably without pulling, puckering, sagging or drooping. 5) Accessories add the finishing touch.
Finish off the look of your tuxedo with the right accessories, which include a vest or cummerbund, tie or bow tie, tuxedo shirt, tuxedo shoes, pocket square, cufflinks and studs and the right hosiery. 6) The "do." A great haircut can make the look. It does you no good to get all dressed up if your hair is a mess. The week before the big day, get your hair cut and then play around with it to make sure you get the look you want for the prom. 7) When a little bling is required.
Tuxedo shirts require cufflinks and studs. Here is where you can flaunt your personal taste, by choosing from simple gold knots to gorgeous inlays. You don't have to spend a fortune.
Unless the set is under a jeweler's loupe, costume cufflinks and studs will achieve the same look. 8) Remember what Mama said! Make sure that you have your tux pressed, clean and ready to go on prom night. Don't leave it crumpled on your closet floor or the back seat of your car. Wrinkles, spots and creases will ruin your look. 9) To "tie" for.
The four-in hand tie is a great look, but you may need some practice to get the perfect knot. A week before, have Dad or a friend show you how, so you don't have last-minute stress. Real bow-ties can be tricky. We suggest a pre-tie to look great with less stress. 10) Remember Fred Astaire? Your tuxedo will require tuxedo shoes.
These are not the same as your everyday dress shoes. They are shiny patent leather. To ward off prom night blisters, wear them a little a few days before to get used to them and break them in. Enjoy and have fun! So enjoy yourself and have the time of your life! Just remember.
don't procrastinate. Plan ahead one or two months prior to your prom to give yourself time to get the look you want. Copyright (c) 2008 Janine Giorgenti.
Janine Giorgenti is a renowned image consultant, fashion designer, and custom clothier. Visit www.bestcustomtuxedo.com for more advice and fashion tips.


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'Titanic' costumes exhibit arrives at Biltmore Estate
An outfit worn by Kate Winslet in "Titanic" will be on display in Biltmore House as a preview of the upcoming exhibit, "Glamour on Board: Fashion from Titanic the Movie." The exhibit opens on Feb. 9, 2018, and will run through May 13, 2018.
Updated: February 12, 2018 - 9:38 AM
Asheville, N.C — The first large-scale exhibition of fashions from "Titanic," the Oscar-winning film that celebrates its 20th anniversary this year, launched at the Biltmore Estate. It's called "Glamour on Board: Fashion from Titanic the Movie."
Set for Feb. 9 through May 13, 2018, the exhibition represents the extensive wardrobes preferred by transatlantic travelers like George and Edith Vanderbilt in the early 1900s. Guests will learn more about the Vanderbilts' extensive travels while viewing these award-winning costumes. "Titanic," starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet, won a record 11 Oscars including Best Picture and Best Costume Design.
The exhibition's 45 costumes will be displayed in Biltmore House, evoking the lifestyle of the era, when voyages on great ocean liners of the early 20th century offered luxury on ships known as "floating palaces." First class passengers took every opportunity to see and be seen in the fashions of the time, from strolling the promenade deck to dining at elegant formal dinners. And, just like in "Titanic," the days at sea fostered friendships and romances, including George Vanderbilt's courtship of Edith Stuyvesant Dresser.
Admission to "Glamour on Board: Fashion from Titanic the Movie" is included in the general admission ticket price.


In a hope to become more organized this year and be a little more productive on the weekends, I've decided to post 5 weekly house goals (no matter how big or small). The following week I'll see how well I did. Basically, I'm thinking of this as a competition between my motivated side and lazy (aka want to sit on the coach and have a Netflix marathon) side. We'll see how it goes but I'm hoping it will help get some of those project's finished that have been hanging over my head for awhile. Also, this may help answer the question I often get: "How much time is there between when you do a project and when you post". Now you'll see a little bit more of a timeline.
So, let's get this started! My goals this week are all in the dining room in the hope to get it pretty close to finished.
Goal #4: Fix ceiling paint color: We initially thought the dining room was the same color as the kitchen used to be, but after Nate painted the new wall after taking the kitchen wall down, we found out the dining room color was a lot lighter... and we've been living with the color mismatch ever since.
Goal #5: Paint walls: Since we finally landed on a paint color, I can't wait to get it up!


NOTICE TO ALL NEW CLUB MEMBERS- WHEN PURCHASING A CONTAINER THAT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED, IT IS ALWAY BEST TO BUY ONE THAT HAS ORIGINAL CANDY AND CLOSURE. PLEASE REVIEW THE FOLLOWING PHOTO'S, SO YOU ARE AWARE OF WHAT CANDIES HAVE BEEN REPRODUCED.
Each year at the convention Terry Whitmeyer holds a class on reproductions.He has on exhibit many of the known reproductions to view. He then goes through each one showing what they look like and how to tell the difference from the real ones. He often passes around a mixture of a real ones and the reproduced ones to see if you can distinguish between the real one and the repro.
He also gives a history on when and by who they were manufactured. At times he has hand outs on all the known reproductions. Members are encourged to bring new finds or new reproductions to the class.


Can be used on already sale items!
Items must be instock. *Excludes preorders, custom orders, Flash Deals, Butterfly Bows and cannot be combined with any other offers. NO EXTENTIONS.
ALL ORDERS MUST BE PLACED ONLINE. Anything you can add to your shopping cart that isn't a preorder, is on sale. PLEASE MAKE SURE YOU GET AN ORDER NUMBER.
with min order of $10.00 AFTER the discount is applied.


Bigg Boss 12 is the twelfth season of the Indian reality TV series Bigg Boss which is based on the Dutch series Big Brother, and premiered on 16 September 2018 on Colors. The launch episode was titled 'Bigg Night'. Salman Khan hosts the season for the ninth time.


text:
Simon Bargiora (également connu dans les textes sous la forme Simon Bar Giora, Siméon Bar Giora, Simon Ben Giora ou Shimon Bar Giora voire Simon fils de Giora ; né à une date inconnue et mort à Rome en juin 71) a été un des chefs des forces juives au cours de la Grande Révolte contre les Romains qui s'est déroulée de 66 à 70 en Judée. Fait prisonnier, après la victoire de Titus à la fin du siège de Jérusalem, il sera considéré comme le chef de la révolte et emmené à Rome pour y être exécuté publiquement, lors du triomphe organisé en l'honneur de la victoire de Vespasien et de son fils Titus.

Nom
« Bargiora » est souvent traduit par « fils de Giora » (bar = « fils » en araméen). Pourtant « Bargiora » est probablement un surnom qui ne doit rien au nom du père de Simon, puisque Jean de Gischala, l'autre grand chef de la révolte, a lui aussi été surnommé « Bargiora ». Il est clairement établi que les deux hommes ne sont pas frères.

« Bargiora » pourrait être un jeu de mots, tant phonétique que calligraphique, dont les Juifs étaient à l'époque très friands, à partir de l'appellation barjona, qui veut à peu près dire « le maquisard » et qui a souvent été utilisée pour désigner des zélotes ou des sicaires. Il n'y a pas de consensus sur la signification du nom « Bargiora ».

Biographie
On ignore tout de Simon Bargiora avant le début de la révolte. À part quelques lignes chez Tacite, Suétone et Dion Cassius, ce que nous savons de lui provient de Flavius Josèphe, qui donne un avis extrêmement négatif sur le personnage, mais qui est loin d'être un commentateur objectif et neutre. La réalité devait être largement plus nuancée.

Début de la révolte
La première mention de Simon Bargiora apparaît chez Flavius Josèphe, dans la Guerre des Juifs. En octobre 66, au début de la guerre. Cestius Gallus, le légat romain de Syrie, s'avance avec la  légion Fulminata pour tenter de reprendre Jérusalem d'où les Romains viennent d'être chassés. Alors que son armée campe à « Gabaô, à cinquante stades de Jérusalem », la population de Jérusalem s'arme et se précipite à sa rencontre appuyée par des détachements des différents généraux et chefs de la révolte. Les Juifs obtiennent une victoire incontestable et font 500 morts chez les Romains, qui devront d'ailleurs par la suite se replier. Flavius Josèphe indique alors :
« Ceux qui dans leurs rangs montrèrent le plus de bravoure furent Monobazos et Kénédéos, parents de Monobazos roi d'Adiabène, puis Niger de la Pérée et Silas le Babylonien, transfuge de l'armée du roi Agrippa. Les Juifs, repoussés de front, se replièrent vers la ville mais sur les derrières de l'armée, Simon Bargioras tomba sur l'arrière-garde romaine qui montait encore vers Béthoron, en dispersa une bonne partie et enleva nombre de bêtes de somme qu'il emmena à Jérusalem. »

Cela montre que les forces du roi d'Adiabène, du Babylonien Sylas et de Simon s'étaient très fortement concertées ou obéissaient à un commandement unique.

Cette victoire change la révolte en guerre d'indépendance à laquelle se rallient les autorités traditionnelles : grand-prêtres, chefs pharisiens et sadducéens viennent rejoindre les zélotes, les sicaires et les forces du roi Monobaze II d'Adiabène.

La victoire par les forces combinées des défenseurs de Jérusalem et de Simon a lieu au même endroit qu'une victoire plus ancienne de Judas Maccabée vers -166, décrite dans le Premier livre des Maccabées 3/24, un livre qui sera retenu pour faire partie de la Bible. Cela a probablement été considéré par la population de la région comme un signe divin en faveur de la révolte.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Mireille Hadas-Lebel, Jérusalem contre Rome, Cerf, Paris, 1990
 Simon Claude Mimouni, Le judaïsme ancien du  avant notre ère au  de notre ère, Paris, 2012, éd. PUF

Articles connexes
 Judas le Galiléen

Personnalité juive de l'époque romaine
Adversaire de la Rome antique
Personnalité du judaïsme au Ier siècle
Date de naissance non renseignée (Ier siècle)
Décès en 71
Décès à Rome
Mort exécuté
Prétendant au trône

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Congo rainforest
The Congo rainforest, the tropical rainforest of the African Congo Basin, is second only to the tropical rainforest of theAmazon Basin in South America . It is known as the "second lung of the earth" and its land area of more than half of the tropical rainforest is more than 2.3 million square kilometers. 54% of them are covered by forests. This is a tectonic basin with a thickly sedimentary rock that is largely undisturbed at the bottom, forming a flat and monotonous topography. Only some of the sporadic low cliffs caused by faults break this monotonous landscape to some extent.
Three major nature reserves in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo are listed as World Natural Heritage , but they are all scarred by the war. In the Kahuz Beka Nature Reserve in South Kivu, illegal armed groups madly mine local antimony mines , causing severe damage to forest vegetation; in the Karangba Nature Reserve in the Eastern Province, armed factions Persons hunted elephants and other wild animals.
The development of forest resources is not limited to harvesting timber. The biodiversity of tropical rain forests is the hope of human development medicine. He hopes that the international community will pay attention to research in this field and promote the protection of tropical rain forests
The broad-leaved trees of up to 40 meters in the forest are evergreen all year round, forming a dense and continuous canopy.
The way of feeding the Congo: Congo (or Zaire) is the largest river in Central Africa and the most abundant river of the globe after the Amazon. Its lower course is known to Europeans since the XVI century, and the rest since 1877 (the time when Stanley investigated it). Congo originates at an altitude of 1,600 meters above sea level, about 9 ° south latitude and 32 ° east longitude, between the lakes of Niassa and Tanganaika, skirting the southern side of Lake Bangweola, taking its source. From here, under the name of Luapula, winds 300 kilometers to Lake Meru or Mkata, at an altitude of 850 meters above sea level, and then, heading north-north-west, connects with Ankara at 6 ° 30` south latitude, then with Adalaba at 27 ° east longitude. At 5 ° 40 'southern latitude and 26 ° 45' east longitude takes Lukugu, the source of Lake Tanganaika; seeking north, joins with Luam and, reaching a width of 1,000 meters, under the name of Lualaba, enters the land of Maniema at 4 ° 15` south latitude and 26 ° 16` eastern longitude. Between Niyonga andEquator Congo is navigable and flows straight to the north, taking on its way a lot of unexplored rivers, originating among the gigantic forests .
Animals are living things
UNIVERSITY OF CAPETOWN DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TRANSFORMER RESPONSES TO GEOMAGNETICALLY INDUCED CURRENTS RESEARCH BY TALENT TAFADZWA MURWIRA MASTERS IN ENGINEERING BY DISSERTATION AT UNIVERSITY OF CAPETOWN SUPERVISOR
Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Related Literature Mangroves play significant role in global carbon sequestration by acting as sinks of carbon within the tropical coastal zones
WRITTEN CASE STUDY 1
Aboard the Nellie
In comparison with many countries of the world


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text:
Ewens, John Qualtrough (1907–1992)
by Jack Waterford
John Ewens, who died in his sleep on Sunday, aged 84, was a former Parliamentary draftsman whose nearly 60 years of public service, overlapping those of his first public service mentor, Sir Robert Garran, spanned the entire history of Australian federation.
He was a somewhat gruff, exact, exacting and usually strictly formal lawyer who terrified a generation of Attorney-General lawyers, but he was more of a softie than he let on. He wrote legislation, both in his position as the first First Parliamentary Counsel from 1949 to 1972, and for another decade, with various law-reform commissions, that was usually a model of plain English.
Legislation with which he is associated includes much of Australia's intellectual property law, the ill-fated bank nationalisation legislation of 1947 (which, though rejected by the Privy Council, probably would not be thought to offend Section 92 of the Constitution now), security regulations during World War II and Norfolk Island legislation.
Much of his work was necessarily done on the run. During the coalfields strikes of 1949, the Chifley Government decided to seize union bank accounts and had to get its legislation through before banks opened in the morning. Ewens had completed a draft in the early hours, presented himself to Dr Bert Evatt, the Attorney-General (who sat huddled by a heater in front of an open window while he checked it), got it roneoed off (there was no time to have it printed), through both Houses of Parliament and then had to search for the Governor-General to obtain the Royal Assent before 10am.
Educated in Adelaide, he filled a vacancy at the bottom of the Attorney General's Department created in those days by the departure of the department's first head, Sir Robert Garran. Sir Robert was, however, retained to advise on constitutional matters, and John Ewens was appointed to devil for him. His capacity was quickly recognised; his drafting capacities gave him a role in wartime legislation and later, when the Office of Parliamentary Counsel was set up, the first position there.
That position saw him often stand in as head of Attorney-General's. Sir Kenneth Bailey would sometimes let work pile up; John Ewens would plough through it and write quick, fluent opinions.
John Ewens always searched for precision, and, as one person commented yesterday, "was always hell on a misplaced comma". He had a good eye for the weak point in a Bill. He searched for economy, precision and simple English, not always an easy task when there are professionals looking for loopholes, determined to misunderstand anything written, tempting the drafter to anticipate and close possible loopholes with more words.
John Ewens, who is survived by his wife, Gwendoline (who wrote Murray of Yarralumla), and two sons, Warren and Peter, will be cremated at 2pm at Gungahlin.
Canberra Times, 20 August 1992, p 13	(view original)
Ewens, John Qualtrough
Garran, Robert Randolph (influence)
Jack Waterford, 'Ewens, John Qualtrough (1907–1992)', Obituaries Australia, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://oa.anu.edu.au/obituary/ewens-john-qualtrough-16354/text33392, accessed 17 July 2019.
Unley, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
St Peter's College (Adelaide)
parliamentary draftsman/woman
Roby Fletcher prize for logic and psychology (University of Adelaide)
Stow prize (University of Adelaide)
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
Coal Strike (1949)
Australian National University (administration)
Knox & Hargrave
Attorney-General's Dept (Federal)


Lyon Metal Roofing offers a variety of metal roofing, siding, window and door services to Tennessee, Virginia and the Carolinas. Browse some of the latest news about Lyon Metal Roofing below!
PINEY FLATS, TN, Oct. 17, 2014 | Lyon Metal Roofing was established in 1985 by Bret and Kim Lyon, as a residential and commercial roof contracting business. In the spring of 2003, however, the family-owned company transitioned into the manufacturing and distribution of metal roofing, siding, metal buildings, and carport kits. The corporate office is located at 485 Industrial Park Road, Piney Flats, Tenn.
PINEY FLATS, TN, Aug. 23, 2011 | For the 2nd year in a row, Lyon Roofing has made the Inc. 500/5000 list of the fastest growing private companies in America.
With this accomplishment Lyon Roofing joins the rarified company of enterprises that have appeared on the list multiple times, many of which have grown to become national icons.
PINEY FLATS, TN, Aug. 24, 2010 | Inc magazine today ranked Lyon Metal Roofing, a manufacturer and distributor of metal roofing, siding, and accessory products # 2727 overall on its fourth annual Inc. 5000 list, an exclusive ranking of the nation's fastest-growing private companies. The list represents the most comprehensive look at the most important segment of the economy—America's independent-minded entrepreneurs. Music website Pandora, convenience store chain 7-Eleven, Brooklyn Brewery, and Radio Flyer, maker of the iconic children's red wagon, are among the prominent brands featured on this year's list.


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Jean Plaskie (* 24. August 1941 in Brüssel; † 18. September 2017 in Strombeek-Bever) war ein belgischer Fußballnationalspieler. Plaskie spielte 13 Jahre für den RSC Anderlecht und gewann mit dem Verein siebenmal die Meisterschaft und zweimal den Belgischen Fußballpokal.

Werdegang

Verein
Plaskie begann mit dem Fußballspielen beim K.Sp.F.C. Haren, wechselte 1958 zum RSC Anderlecht und spielte anfangs als Mittel- und später als Abwehrspieler von 1959 bis 1972 für 13 Saisons für den Verein. Nach der ersten Meisterschaft 1962 folgten fünf weitere in Folge von 1964 bis 1968. Zudem gewann die Mannschaft 1965 den Belgischen Fußballpokal. In seiner letzten aktiven Saison 1971/72 holte der Verein noch einmal das Double aus Meisterschaft und Pokalsieg. In 180 Ligaspielen schoss Plaskie zwei Tore. Zudem spielte er 18 Spiele im Europapokal der Landesmeister und sechs Spiele für Anderlecht im UEFA-Cup.

Bereits im Alter von 30 Jahren musste Plaskie seine Karriere verletzungsbedingt beenden und widmete sich dem Nachwuchs von Anderlecht als Jugendtrainer. Im September 2017 starb Plaskie im Alter von 76 Jahren in Strombeek-Bever.

Nationalmannschaft
Plaskie gab 1964 sein Debüt in der Belgischen Fußballnationalmannschaft. Insgesamt bestritt er bis 1971 33 Länderspiele.

Erfolge
 Belgischer Meister (7): 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1972
 Belgischer Pokalsieger (2): 1965, 1972

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballnationalspieler (Belgien)
Fußballspieler (RSC Anderlecht)
Belgischer Meister (Fußball)
Belgier
Geboren 1941
Gestorben 2017
Mann


text:
FDA claims honey products are actually erectile dysfunction drugs
The agency has sent warning letters to four companies that market the products
Photo (c) Iryna Drozd - Getty Images
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has sent warning letters to four companies that the agency said are illegally selling honey-based products that may pose a significant health risk to consumers.
The warning letters were sent to Thirstyrun LLC, also known as US Royal Honey LLC; MKS Enterprise LLC; Shopaax.com; and 1am USA Incorporated, dba Pleasure Products USA.
The FDA said its laboratory found that samples of products from the four companies contained active drug ingredients that were not listed on the product labels, including the active drug ingredients found in Cialis (tadalafil) and Viagra (sildenafil), which are FDA-approved drugs used to treat men with erectile dysfunction.
Potentially dangerous interactions
Sildenafil and tadalafil are prescription drugs, so they can not be used unless they're provided by a licensed health care professional. The agency said the potential risks are significant.
For example, it says the undeclared ingredients may interact with nitrates found in some prescription drugs, such as nitroglycerin, and may lower blood pressure to dangerous levels. People with diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or heart disease often take nitrates.
"Tainted honey-based products like these are dangerous because consumers are likely unaware of the risks associated with the hidden prescription drug ingredients in these products and how they may interact with other drugs and supplements they may take," said FDA Associate Commissioner for Regulatory Affairs Judy McMeekin.
McMeekin says unidentified ingredients are not only dangerous, but they may prove to be deadly in some cases.
"We encourage consumers to remain vigilant when shopping online or in stores to avoid purchasing products that put their health at risk, and instead seek effective FDA-approved treatments," she said.
The warning letters informed the companies it is a violation of federal law to market a product as food when it also contains active drug ingredients. According to the FDA, the companies were likely aware of their products' drug-like properties because they are being marketed for "sexual enhancement" on various websites, online marketplaces, and possibly in some retail stores.
The FDA has ordered the four companies to respond to the letter within 15 days and present evidence to show that the products do not violate U.S. law.
FDA calls out dietary supplement makers over health claims
Did someone say that chicken recipe called for… NyQuil?
T-Mobile agrees to $350 million data breach settlement
Weber settles with FTC in latest right to repair lawsuit
FTC takes action against Harley-Davidson and Westinghouse over 'right to repair' failures
Ford to pay $19.2 million settlement over fuel economy claims
Twitter pays $150 million fine for failing to protect consumer data


text:
Rivula aroa är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av George Thomas Bethune-Baker 1906. Rivula aroa ingår i släktet Rivula och familjen nattflyn. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Nattflyn
aroa


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Irish physically dominate Stanford. 1st down at the 4 yard line not enough for Stanford to overcome.
Once again, Ed is on point with the "3 things". If the roles were reversed. I would be upset about the goal line. But within hours, my ire would certainly shift to how we, as a self proclaimed smash mouth team, could not decisively put the ball in the endzone.
Going forward, possibly our biggest concern is Everett Golson's maturity. His BODY language is a real concern. There are seniors on this team that need him to really grow up and play with a true sense of urgency and support the effort on the field. The NBC show made by NFL films was alarming. BK is giving him so much attention and chasing after him to make sure he feels good. I commend the patience, but EG needs to grow up fast. Eifert, Teo and Riddick don't have any more shots at this and cant wait for him to "clear his head" or not dive into the pile for a ball he just fumbled. Sure, his hot reads and identification of when we have a favorable 1 on 1 matchup are a concern, but to me, Golson's maturity is critical.
Boom baby! Irish are 8-0.
Is Golson ready for OU?
The Irish are officially for real.


text:
Argentina explored in IRC Event
Cameron Geddes
Did you know that in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, there is a solar-powered metal flower statue that opens during the day and closes at night? Most guests and members of International Relations Club didn't either, until last Friday night. With host for the evening, Marianna "Mary" Urdaneta, about 30 students participated in a…
State of the MSO Address a Powerful Statement for more Change
Miles Pruitt
The state of the Multicultural Student Organization (MSOs) address is an opportunity for a panel of students to tell their stories of being students of color at a predominately white institution (PWI). The student panel included: Kendall Collins-Riley ('19), Rebecca Mais Cubero ('20), Michael Pineda ('21), Hannah Baird ('20), with Kathleen Muloma ('19) serving as…
"Hope-Calvin 200 Takes Front Stage"
On the eve of the 200th Hope-Calvin game, fans are not only looking forward to the two teams playing but also the tradition surrounding the rivalry. In spite of snow falling down on Holland and the slippery roads, the fans will still come out to watch a show this Saturday at DeVos Fieldhouse. The men's…
Track & field back strong
Megan Grimes
The indoor track and field teams competed in the Mike Lints Open at Grand Valley State University last Saturday, their first meet of the new year. There were 15 teams at the event, with the men's team racing to sixth place with 40.4 points and the women's team taking eighth place with 16 points. On…
Women's hoops on a roll, young team finds success
The women's basketball team played an impressive game last Wednesday against Saint Mary's College, winning with a score of 93-44. The 17-person team, with only one senior and two juniors, has led an incredibly successful season thus far. Their record is now 15-2 and 7-1 in the MIAA. St. Mary's stood no chance against the…
Swim & dive takes victory against Kzoo
Last Saturday the men's and women's swim and dive teams competed against Kalamazoo College in a MIAA dual meet, with both teams victorious! The men's team won with 156 points to Kalamazoo's 144, taking nine first place finishes throughout the meet. The women's team topped the men in points and places, ending the meet 163-134…
Here's why you can't stop watching 'The Bachelor'
Molly Douma
Twenty-five women. One man. Eight million viewers. ABC's "The Bachelor" is a spectacle that the public can't seem to resist. The show is a barrage of theatrics and conflicts, all in the name of love. Each season introduces the bachelor, usually the second or third runner-up on a previous season of "The Bachelorette," and a…
The Dow diaries pt. 1: a noob hits the gym
Ruth Holloway
If you're anything like me, you were not the kid in the tour group who thought, "Oh boy!" when the campus guide walked you through the lobby of the Dow Center at Hope College. The building itself is not an architectural wonder, and its amenities appeal mostly to fitness buffs and people who like to…
Textiles weave story of beauty, transience
Zachary Dankert
Baluchistan: an arid land covering modern-day parts of Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Rainfall typically occurs in harsh, infrequent storms and for eight out of the twelve months, heat is intense. The people of the region – collectively called the Baluch, although there is a myriad of ethnic groups present – have been no stranger to…
Fifty fingers, five pianos, one family
Abigail Bache
With the dream of bringing a new wave of attention and love to classical music, The 5 Browns, a family of classical pianists that travel and perform together, have been sharing their music with as many people as they possibly can, an audience that, as of last Friday, includes Hope College and Holland community members….