text:
What lies beneath. Scrutinising Ladybower's bottom in search of Atlantis Sheffield
Posted on November 7, 2018 by Lucy Marris
Digested read: lured by Smiley Selfie Queen, went in search of the underwater village ruins at Ladybower reservoir. Found them. It was epic! Go see for yourself before the waters rise again.
Unabridged read:
Honestly, I'm really torn. I mean I do get the general point about literal jumps into the unknown being potentially perilous, but then again, it's the metaphorical leaps into the unknown that make life interesting. If we only ever keep hanging on to what we know already we'll never learn anything new, and if we only do what we've always done then nothing will ever evolve. So I note the signage at the Ladybower Reservoir, and totally endorse not risking paralysis by dive bombing into possibly shallow waters, whilst simultaneously believing a bit of exploration and adventure is fine and dandy, recommended even – but maybe just do your risk assessments properly at the outset.
And on the subject of signs, did you see this BBC news story on an Edinburgh initiative to improve road signage? It's quite marvellous! Bringing joy to a joyless world…
Anyway, the purpose of this post is not to talk about signage, lovely as that would be, it is to tell you about my adventures with Smiley Selfie Queen, exploring the exposed bottom of Ladybower Reservoir. Generally speaking, one shouldn't explore exposed bottoms with such public abandon, but in this case it's OK because it's a rare treat and not of a living thing. No dear reader, rather it is a consequence of the extreme heat of the summer of 2018, which has led to the dropping of the water levels of Ladybower and the associated reservoirs so low, that you can see once again the remnants of the villages that were flooded when the dams were constructed and the reservoirs filled. I've been meaning to go for ages in a vague 'really must go and do that sometime' sort of way, 'before it's too late' much as I did with intending to visit the millennium dome. I never did get to see that, and it is most definitely too late now, but with the viewing of Sheffield's Atlantis it was a different matter altogether. I was prompted to take the proverbial plunge into the waters of Ladybower by Smiley Selfie Queen who proposed an excursion. 'Fab idea, why not?' So that is what we agreed to do. I knew the water level was really low, but I'd actually thought part of it was because some had been pumped to facilitate some sort of maintenance work, but it seems I must have made that up, because there was no evidence of it, and no reference to it when I googled, so there you go.
The day dawned, and rain fell. No worries, we can still have an adventure in the rain. She scooped me up, and we drove over to the lay by just a few hundred metres (if that) ahead of the Fairholmes visitor centre so we could park for free. (More about the visitors' centre here). On a rainy Wednesday morning there was no-one much about, so we had the place to ourselves. I was astonished at how beautiful the autumn colours were. The rain cleared and gave way to sunshine, and get a load of this, magnificent!
It was crazily beautiful, the pictures nowhere near do it justice. I had a faff about what to wear, I took my hat in the end as you can see, though for a lot of the time it was in my coat pocket rather than on my head. You might think therefore dear reader that I'd come to regret having taken it with me, but dear reader, you would be wrong! This fetching hat, which I've had for a great many years, and which rather pretentiously I bought from a vendor on a floating island on Lake Titicaca in Peru, who had knitted it himself today had its moment of glory. It has done me many quiet years of service, nearly 20 years I think, and I am grateful for that, but today it also came into its own as an indispensable aid to our progress – more of that later. Yes, it does have a llama on it, but no need to be allarmared by that!
Meantime more views, look:
Sigh, it really was glorious, you should have been there, the photos don't do it justice.
We followed the signs to the dam, there is a well-marked path that take you up, so we had a little explore. No time to walk the entire circumference of the water today, so we just had a squint at the dam and accompanying points of interest which included, a monument to a dog that stayed by its dead master for 15 weeks. Fifteen weeks! Seriously, that's extraordinary, but also somewhat unlikely, how did it survive, what happened there? There were also some tributes for remembrance day which is coming up, info panels about the testing of the bouncing bombs, and interesting man-made constructions peeking out from the water. I don't know enough about civil engineering in general or dam construction in particular to know what we were looking at exactly, but it was all quite intriguing and made me wish I'd concentrated more in school. We probably covered this kind of thing in human geography at some point. That's the trouble with education, wasted on the young…
Tempting as it was to march round the top reservoir, which is apparently Derwent, with Howden beyond, our focus was to get to the bottom(ish) of Ladybower, where the sunken village of Ashopton is currently in view, well, what's left of it.
We paused to look at the Dam from below, and then followed some inviting looking steps that took us up and above the water. All good exploring territory, though I've realised a limitation of me relying on Smiley Selfie Queen to take all the photos is that it gives the impression I am forever scurrying along behind her. This may be an accurate representation of how it was of course, but I don't really like it being immortalised in jpegs. Oh well. The truth will out.
After much scurrying around and posing in various locations, my Smiley Buddy started having flash backs of having been there before. This very place was, it turned out, an early date with her partner when she presumes they were trying to impress one another by agreeing to do something outdoorsy and cultural together which ironically wasn't really either of their things a decade or so ago though it most definitely is now. How the wheels of time and fortune turn full circle eh? I found that entertaining, but then again, I am on record as being easily amused.
We back tracked, then and searching for a way down to the water line, once we'd crossed over, followed a little detour which turned out to be the sweetest little nature trail with signs identifying trees and wooden sculptures including ginormous moles and teeny tiny locomotives – perfect posing opportunity for me and my training buddy!
See what I did there – with us on the train…. genius!
We had to clamber our way up and out of this nature reserve, alongside a fence, and emerged on a wide tarmac path. We were just ahead of some dog walkers with boisterous dogs that kept charging up alongside and between us. They weren't aggressive but they were very annoying. We'd passed a sign earlier saying dogs should be on leads, but I'm not sure if that rule applied on this part or not. In fairness to these owners I don't think it was clear either way. Even so, I do wish dog owners would understand however much they may love their 'adorable hounds', others don't necessarily appreciate these slobbering, bounding canines invading their personal space. It got tense. I am getting less and less tolerant of dogs these days. Dogs in general that is. Particularly out of control, off lead ones, I don't care if you say they are friendly, keep them away from me unless invited thank you very much. Individual dogs I know are lovely of course, and Tilly is the loveliest of them all. Actually, I like Skip too, although he just ignores me, it's a bit one-sided there. Harry and Barry are all right as well. Basically, well behaved dogs where we've been introduced, or those who are adoring are fine, but random slobbering ones are not. I think that's pretty clear…
We got jumped as we were admiring a somewhat incongruously placed but beauteous telephone box. We inadvertently went full circle and as swamp creatures emerging from the mud came back to here later on.
We tried to walk briskly ahead to keep out-of-the-way of the bloody dogs. Trouble is, we were obviously all heading for the same boggy bottom. Now, I know you have to be careful out there because it's incredibly tempting to venture out too far and then you get stuck in the mud and have to be rescued. Only last week Edale Mountain Rescue had to haul someone out that's awful and everything of course, though it did give me a little flash of an idea and a spark of embittered hope…
Incident 101 – Saturday 3rd November 2018 12.10hrs
The duty team leader received a call from Derbyshire police regarding a gentleman who had, given the low water level, walked out across Ladybower reservoir to take a closer look at the currently exposed ruins. The mud is however extremely thick in places and he got himself completely stuck. Due to concern for his temperature and general welfare his partner ran round to the rangers station at Fairholmes to summon assistance.
The team was able to access the casualty with a variety of specialist equipment designed to spread an individual's weight over a muddy surface and after approximately 30 minutes of digging was able to free the gentleman and walk him back to solid ground. Team members then returned to base to start a long session of equipment cleaning!
I just was thinking, nay secretly hoping that these wayward canines might go out to explore a bit too far and soon find themselves sinking in the mud sufficiently that their owners would rush to rescue them*, only for the hounds to break free and the owners to be entombed and slowly sucked under by the clogging mud. Obviously I'd rush to get assistance, but who knows whether I'd make it back in time, and despite what you may have been led to believe from watching Lassie films or even the monument to the loyal sheep dog from earlier, not all canines are of practical assistance in a crisis. It's often what happens though isn't it? Dogs in peril escape from the watery peril of the sea or outrun stampeding cattle, or extricate themselves from bogs or whatever and their hapless concerned owners perish whilst misguidedly trying to save them. I know I sound mean, but you weren't there. And anyway, I don't believe you have never experienced Schadenfreude, even if you choose not to admit it even to yourself. Also, my fantasy mud-sucking scenario didn't occur, so no harm done on this occasion, unfortunately.
*No dogs were injured in the conjuring of this fantasy rage scenario, so don't judge!
Apart from nursing gnawing resentment about being hounded by the bloody dogs, we were partially distracted by the increasingly amazing views.
After a bit, we found a way to scramble down to the water's edge, and it was instantly amazing and distracting, and oh, so very tempting to walk out much further than you ought. The exposed reservoir base looked like an alien planet or something. Just the mud alone looked like a lifeless lunar landscape, perfect film location for next Dr who say and a striking contrast to the Park Hill Flats. Then it was set off by the frame of autumnal gold on the banks. It was extraordinary.
We'd been tipped off about what we might be able to see, so that gave us a bit of tenacity in exploring. At first, we couldn't really make out much at all. There was an exposed bridge, and some generic bricks that might have been from the old church but it was hard to be sure. However, emboldened by the sight of other people further out, we ventured further. I am pretty risk averse, so was cautious about stepping out, but if you were sensible and careful, you could pick a route over to a great heap of stones which contained within them an actual fire-place! It is weird-looking at it, and imagining others sitting by a lit fire, you can still see the soot stains in the hearth and within the shattered breast of a collapsed red-brick chimney. Then there was the grand pillar and the outline of rooms that you could sort of move through. Very eerie, and compelling too.
Turns out that in this context, I was a bit more of a trail blazer than Selfie Queen. I had the advantage of better footwear partly. I was wearing walking boots, she was in trail shoes. The muddy clay just gripped and infilled the tread of her running shoes so she might as well have been trying to get around on greased skis by the end of it. Still, between us we were intrepid, within the bounds of reason.
We saw a fair bit, but decided against venturing out beyond the collapsed hall to another bit of projecting stone work a bit further out. We were mindful of the mountain rescue exploits of others and didn't really want to add to those stats. It was a good call actually, because when we started back across the mud flats it was harder to retrace our steps than it had been to find a path heading out. Oh well, we lived to try another day.
As we exited, a very jolly pair of men with cameras were swapping places with us. They have visited the reservoir bottom over the years and were full of information about what was there and how it had changed. The arched structure I couldn't identify was actually an old pumping station from when the series of dams was being built for example. They also were able to tell us that where we were standing was originally the main village/ manor hall, but had also been a chapel and a school too at various points, most educational. We took photos of each other, which amuses me, here they are. Being informative and convivial!
They were joking about taking away some of the abandoned masonry, I say good luck to them, if they think they can carry away a door mantle on their shoulders without being squelched down into the mud then why not! We left then sliding about, holding their cameras aloft to keep them safe.
We opted to find a route back from the waterside. We did achieve this, but there was a flaw in our plan in that of course normally the water level is never this low (it is actually at only 35% capacity at present according to signs in the visitors centre), therefore, there aren't obvious entry points or footpaths leading back to where we were. Oops.
In theory, we could have retraced our steps, but that seemed like an awfully long way round and surely there'd be a short cut. Plus we were running out of time due to other commitments for the day. We skirted the edge, alongside us was quite a determined looking and unbreachable fence. I was pretty confident there'd be a get out at some point, and sure enough, eventually, just as I was losing faith a bit, we saw an old gateway and road, passed through and… hit a dead-end. Oh.
We walked on a bit, still the wrong side of the fence, though above the waterline and tantalizingly, could see the 'proper path' up the hillside above us, with two fences in between. After some consultation, we decided there was nothing for it but to clamber out. Well I decided that. Selfie Queen was a bit more dubious about the realism of this plan. However, I've clambered a great many gates and fences in my time, and even done Endurer Events (tough mudder light) for goodness sake, it takes more than a strand of wire to defeat me! The upshot was I would lead by example, but she wasn't having the barbed wire hamper her progress. Well, this dear reader is where my hat had its day! I got my fine Peruvian beret and used it to wrap round the barbs of the wire so we wouldn't get them caught up on our leggings. Finding the strongest post to steady us, it was a simple matter of quick leap over and voila, 'twas done!
That was progress, but then I was a bit paranoid (which I didn't share) that we were probably now trespassing and I didn't want to find out the hard way we'd encroached on a field of cows, and probably a pack of dogs too. Fortunately, we were both distracted by heavy rain which was short-lived but stinging and the presence of a fenceless gateway, which is one of our very favourite things to find on walks. We did what we had to do:
Also, to be honest, I was fairly confident I knew the field was empty as we'd passed it earlier, but even so, I was relieved when we eventually found a path, which became a track, which led to a gate which led us out to the phone box aforementioned above! Hurrah! Job done.
Then just a little matter of a scurry back to the car, via the loos at the visitors' centre and a quick peak in their shop. They sell a book of walks I might be tempted to get next time, only £2, bargain.
And that was that. Another adventure with Smiley Selfie Queen done and dusted, and a very fine and unexpected one too.
Of course, there was plenty we didn't get round to see – low water has also revealed dwellings from Birchinlee Village under Derwent too, and the plug holes of course, need to go back for them one day soon. Could be a long day out given how long it took us just to amble 5 miles or so this morning. This is where we went by the way, Strava never lies.
Although the water levels were low today, Sheffield has not always been so depleted of the wet stuff. I've googled so you don't have to, about previous times in history when Sheffield flooded. I had a vague sense there was a catastrophic flood when a dam burst a hundred years or so ago, and Wikipedia confirms this. The Great Sheffield Flood:
was a flood that devastated parts of Sheffield, England, on 11 March 1864, when the Dale Dyke Dam broke as its reservoir was being filled for the first time. At least 240 people died[1] and more than 600 houses were damaged or destroyed by the flood. The immediate cause was a crack in the embankment, but the source of the crack was never determined. The dam's failure led to reforms in engineering practice, setting standards on specifics that needed to be met when constructing such large-scale structures. The dam was rebuilt in 1875.
The account is worth reading actually, it seems the rush of water wiped out whole sections of Malin bridge and Hillsborough. Completely devastating. I even found a little YouTube account of the flood, but I think we can safely assume it wasn't made contemporaneously! Then there were more floods in 2007, from shere deluge of rain causing the River Don to burst its banks. No wonder there is a whole list of Sheffield Floods to refer to. For the first time in ages, I'm quite relieved I live at the top of a hill. Something I rarely feel pleasure about as head down I climb up it carrying shopping on the way home. The Star did a Retro feature about the 2007 floods, it was before I moved here. Quite astonishing to see the photos though. Anyone would think it was part of our emergent Sheffield Atlantis discovery at the base of Ladybower reservoir rather than a snap shot on the way to complete submergence…
So there you go, well worth the trip out. It always is. I feel really blessed to live in such a beautiful part of the world, I don't care what the posters say, sometimes it is worth taking a dive into the unknown – metaphorically at least.
Look, we saw this:
More about the sunken ruins here: BBC Ladybower Reservoir's low water levels reveal abandoned village
and here: "Come see the ruins but stick to the shore" – warning as exposed ruins of Ladybower reservoir's lost villages entice sightseers into danger
Categories: off road	| Tags: Fairholmes, Ladybower Reservoir, recce, Sheffield Flood, walking | 1 Comment
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Millennials can be divided into five distinct types.
American Millennials came under the microscope last week at a daylong event in New York hosted by youth market research firm Ypulse. While generalizations characterize much of the conversation around Millennials, this cohort is more nuanced than people think, Ypulse argued. The firm presented results of a March 2013 survey that segments Americans ages 13-31 into five distinct types: Muted Millennials (a cautious, stay-under-the-radar group that is the most likely to be unemployed), Moralistic Middles (a majority female, less urban segment that's highly traditional), Supremes (more privileged, higher achievers and highly social), Alt. Idealists (cause-oriented and least likely to follow traditional paths) and Beta Dogs (a mostly male group that likes to party and network, is enthusiastic and passionate).
MTV's Consumer Insights & Research group, which recently did a study examining the younger end of the generation, discussed the new stages that define adulthood: getting a job, graduating from college and moving out of their parents' home. Whether or not they live with parents or roommates—few have the resources to live on their own—this generation sees Mom and Dad as their No. 1 resource for career, financial and household issues and advice. They are "dependently independent," said MTV's Jennifer Perucki-Strapp: They have a relatively loose set of rules as they grow up, but their parents are their backbone.
As Millennials grapple with a difficult economy—MTV says 60 percent of college grads they surveyed hold full-time jobs—more are taking advantage of the ability to have a second job via online outlets like Etsy and peer-to-peer services like TaskRabbit and Lyft. So said Randi Zuckerberg, who now runs a media company after working with her brother Mark as Facebook's marketing director. Among the other tech trends she cited were "luxury on demand"—Millennials want luxe living without luxe spending, which they're finding via services like Rent the Runway and Uber—and brands functioning as media companies to better engage these consumers. Zuckerberg's book Dot Complicated: Untangling Our Wired Lives is due out in November.


text:
Harrison Named NFC Scout Of The Year
Atlanta Falcons scout Bob Harrison has been named the NFC's Scout of the Year by the Fritz Pollard Alliance, Yahoo Sports announced Monday.
Harrison is in his 14th year as a Falcons scout but also served in a previous coaching role in Atlanta. Harrison was the Falcons' receivers coach from 1983-86 while coaching two years with the Pittsburgh Steelers (1992-93) and three years with the University of Georgia (1988-91).
He was the receivers coach at Boston College from 1994-96 and also had coaching stopovers at North Carolina State for two years and Tennessee for seven years. As a player, Harrison was an All-MAC receiver at Kent State. His coaching experience spanned 33 years in college, the NFL and at the high school level. Bob concentrates on the Atlantic coast part of the country in his scouting duties.
According to the Fritz Pollard Alliance website, the organization was created "for the purposes of promoting diversity and equality of job opportunity in the coaching, front office and scouting staffs of National Football League teams"
Report: Falcons interviewed Saints defensive line coach, co-defensive coordinator Ryan Nielsen for Atlanta position

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Vitamin A can become toxic when taken in large amounts (over 100,000 International Units) on a daily basis over time, as can vitamin D. Substituting beta-carotene for vitamin A can alleviate this risk. Very large doses of minerals taken over long periods may have toxic effects in the body. Dosages far exceeding RDA's of vitamins are not recommended, nor are large doses of other supplements.
Consumers can make wise choices for nutritional supplementation by consulting professional nutritionists and naturopathic physicians. Nutritional supplements are best added into the diet slowly, starting with small dosages and working up to the manufacturers' recommended amounts over time. Also, some supplements, such as herbal medications that may stimulate processes in the body, are best taken intermittently, allowing the body occasional rest periods without the supplement. To avoid unfavorable interactions, nutritional supplements are best used moderately and individually, rather than taking handfuls of capsules and tablets for various needs and conditions at the same time. Finally, consumers should be wary of excessive or grandiose health claims made by manufacturers of nutritional supplements and rely on scientific information to validate these claims.
SOURCES: Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board, Dietary Reference Intakes: "Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride." National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1999. Journal of Nutrition, October 2005. Position paper of the American Dietetic Association on Food Fortification and Supplementation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, August 2005. Michael Holick, MD, PhD, professor of medicine, physiology, and biophysics, Boston University Medical Center. Andrew Shoa, PhD, vice president for regulatory affairs, Council for Responsible Nutrition. Alice Lichtenstein, DSc, director and senior scientist, Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University. Dave Grotto, RD, spokesman, American Dietetic Association; author, 101 Foods That Could Save Your Life. Eduardo Baetti, MD, rheumatologist; Kaiser Permanente. Patrick Rea, editorial director, Nutrition Business Journal. Kristine Clark, PhD, RD, director of sports nutrition, Penn State University. Vasilios Frankos, PhD, Division of Dietary Supplement Programs, FDA. Sarubin, A. The Health Professionals Guide to Popular Dietary Supplements, American Dietetic Association, Chicago, IL, 2000. FDA. WebMD Weight Loss Clinic Feature: "Are You Getting Enough Vitamin D?" National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine: "Questions and Answers About Homeopathy."
Watch your portion sizes: Check to see what the recommended portion sizes of foods you eat looks like in the bowls, plates, and glasses you use at home. When dining out avoid "supersizing" your meal or buying "combo" meal deals that often include large-size menu items. Choose small-size items instead or ask for a take home bag and wrap up half of your meal to take home before you even start to eat.
Create an eating style that can improve your health now and in the future by making small changes over time. Consider changes that reflect your personal preferences, culture and traditions. Think of each change as a "win" as you build positive habits and find solutions that reflect your healthy eating style. Each change is a MyWin that can help you build your healthy eating style. Use the tips and links below to find little victories that work for you.
All products labeled as a dietary supplement carry a Supplement Facts panel that lists the contents, amount of active ingredients per serving, and other added ingredients (like fillers, binders, and flavorings). The manufacturer suggests the serving size, but you or your health care provider might decide that a different amount is more appropriate for you.
Try the "Outer Ring" technique while buying food. Author James Clear suggests using this smart strategy while grocery shopping. "Only shop on the outer perimeter of the store. This is usually where the healthy food lives: fruits, vegetables, lean meats, fish, eggs, and nuts. If you only shop on the outer ring, then you're more likely to buy healthy foods," he explains.
However, the Norwegian authorities do admit that vitamin D supplements are needed during part of the year.  Only part of the year? One third of Norway is within the Arctic Circle. Norway has far too little sunshine (especially during winter months) to get adequate levels of vitamin D from UVB radiation on the skin. The authorities also recommend that pregnant women take folic acid to prevent birth defects, and omega-3-fatty acids may be advisable for those who do not eat fish regularly. Norwegians have a long tradition of giving children cod liver oil, which in a daily tablespoon provides enough vitamin A and D and essential fatty acids to cover basic needs.
Although as a general rule, dietary supplement labeling and marketing are not allowed to make disease prevention or treatment claims, the U.S. FDA has for some foods and dietary supplements reviewed the science, concluded that there is significant scientific agreement, and published specifically worded allowed health claims. An initial ruling allowing a health claim for calcium dietary supplements and osteoporosis was later amended to include calcium supplements with or without vitamin D, effective January 1, 2010. Examples of allowed wording are shown below. In order to qualify for the calcium health claim, a dietary supplement much contain at least 20% of the Reference Dietary Intake, which for calcium means at least 260 mg/serving.


Unsurprisingly, the best way to counteract these issues is to get up and move - as frequently and for as long as you can.
First, sit at the end of your chair (that's right, don't rely on your backrest). Let your body go into a slouching position. Now, try to sit up straight, accentuating the curve of your back as much as possible. Hold this position for a few seconds. Next, release the position a little bit - Cleveland specifies that you shouldn't move more than about 10 degrees. This should be your sitting position!


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text:
using VSCode.FileSystem;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace FileWatcher
{
    class EventProcessor
    {
        private static int EVENT_DELAY = 50; // aggregate and only emit events when changes have stopped for this duration (in ms)
        private static int EVENT_SPAM_WARNING_THRESHOLD = 60 * 1000 * 10000; // warn after certain time span of event spam (in ticks)

        private System.Object LOCK = new System.Object();
        private Task delayTask = null;

        private List<FileEvent> events = new List<FileEvent>();
        private Action<FileEvent> handleEvent;

        private Action<string> logger;

        private long lastEventTime = 0;
        private long delayStarted = 0;

        private long spamCheckStartTime = 0;
        private bool spamWarningLogged = false;

        public EventProcessor(Action<FileEvent> onEvent, Action<string> onLogging)
        {
            handleEvent = onEvent;
            logger = onLogging;
        }

        public void ProcessEvent(FileEvent fileEvent)
        {
            lock (LOCK)
            {
                var now = DateTime.Now.Ticks;

                // Check for spam
                if (events.Count == 0) {
                    spamWarningLogged = false;
                    spamCheckStartTime = now;
                } else if (!spamWarningLogged && spamCheckStartTime + EVENT_SPAM_WARNING_THRESHOLD < now) {
                    spamWarningLogged = true;
                    logger(string.Format("Warning: Watcher is busy catching up wit {0} file changes in 60 seconds. Latest path is '{1}'", events.Count, fileEvent.path));
                }

                // Add into our queue
                events.Add(fileEvent);
                lastEventTime = now;

                // Process queue after delay
                if (delayTask == null)
                {
                    // Create function to buffer events
                    Action<Task> func = null;
                    func = (Task value) => {
                        lock (LOCK)
                        {
                            // Check if another event has been received in the meantime
                            if (delayStarted == lastEventTime)
                            {
                                // Normalize and handle
                                var normalized = NormalizeEvents(events.ToArray());
                                foreach (var e in normalized)
                                {
                                    handleEvent(e);
                                }

                                // Reset
                                events.Clear();
                                delayTask = null;
                            }

                            // Otherwise we have received a new event while this task was
                            // delayed and we reschedule it.
                            else
                            {
                                delayStarted = lastEventTime;
                                delayTask = Task.Delay(EVENT_DELAY).ContinueWith(func);
                            }
                        }
                    };

                    // Start function after delay
                    delayStarted = lastEventTime;
                    delayTask = Task.Delay(EVENT_DELAY).ContinueWith(func);
                }
            }
        }

        private IEnumerable<FileEvent> NormalizeEvents(FileEvent[] events)
        {
            var mapPathToEvents = new Dictionary<string, FileEvent>();
            var eventsWithoutDuplicates = new List<FileEvent>();

            // Normalize Duplicates
            foreach (var e in events)
            {

                // Existing event
                if (mapPathToEvents.ContainsKey(e.path))
                {
                    var existingEvent = mapPathToEvents[e.path];
                    var currentChangeType = existingEvent.changeType;
                    var newChangeType = e.changeType;

                    // ignore CREATE followed by DELETE in one go
                    if (currentChangeType == (int)ChangeType.CREATED && newChangeType == (int)ChangeType.DELETED)
                    {
                        mapPathToEvents.Remove(existingEvent.path);
                        eventsWithoutDuplicates.Remove(existingEvent);
                    }

                    // flatten DELETE followed by CREATE into CHANGE
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            // This algorithm will remove all DELETE events up to the root folder
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            //
            // 1.) split ADD/CHANGE and DELETED events
            // 2.) sort short deleted paths to the top
            // 3.) for each DELETE, check if there is a deleted parent and ignore the event in that case

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        private bool IsParent(string p, string candidate)
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sPE}

The {\it photoelectric effect} has been discovered by
H. Hertz, and studied experimentally by P. Lenard.
First theoretical explanation has been done by A. Einstein
who suggested the corpuscular theory of light
introducing the ``photons'' which are particles of the light.
In the framework of
the Schr\"odinger theory the effect has been
described first by G. Wentzel who calculated the angular
distribution of the photocurrent.
The calculation  relies on the
perturbation procedure
applied to the coupled Maxwell-Schr\"odinger equations.

The  photoeffect
 first was observed by H. Hertz in 1887:
he discovered the discharge of negatively charged {\it electroscope}
under the electromagnetic radiation of
very short wavelength, such as visible or ultraviolet light.
This discharge was treated as
an emission of the
 electrons from metals
due to their absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation.

In 1902
P. Lenard systematically studied the behavior of the ``photoelectrons'',
i.e.
emitted electrons, in external  electric and magnetic fields.
His conclusions
were the following:
\medskip\\
{\bf L1.} The saturation photocurrent is proportional to intensity of
incident  light.
\medskip\\
{\bf L2.} The photocurrent is not zero only
for sufficiently small wavelength, i.e. for
high frequencies:
\begin{equation}\label{redbound}
|\omega|>\omega_{\rm red}~,
\end{equation}
where
$\omega_{\rm red}$ is called the {\it red bound} of the
photoelectric effect which depends on the substance
but {\it does not depend on the  intensity of
the  light}.
\medskip\\
{\bf L3.} The photocurrent vanishes
if the
stopping voltage $U_{\rm stop}$
is applied; the minimal $U_{\rm stop}$
also  depends on the substance
but {\it does not depend on the  intensity of
the  light}. Moreover,  the minimal $U_{\rm stop}$
increases  for decreasing wave length of the incident light.
\medskip

This independence of $\omega_{\rm red}$ and minimal $U_{\rm stop}$
of the intensity of   light was the
main difficulty in theoretical explanation of the Lenard observations.
This independence seemed to constitute a new misterious phenomenon,
which newer occured in  classical physics.
\medskip

In 1905, Einstein proposed a revolutionary interpretation, by
developing the Planck's discretization for
the energy of the Maxwell field oscillators with steps
${h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\omega$.
Namely, he suggested that the matter absorbs the
light energy also by the discrete portions ${h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\omega$.
This corresponds to the treatment of light
with frequency $\omega$
as a beam of particles,
called ``photons'', with energy ${h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\omega$.
{\it Einstein's rules}
 for the  photoelectric effect are the following:
\medskip\\
{\bf E1.} The flux of photons is proportional to the intensity
of the incident light.
\medskip\\
{\bf E2.} The maximal energy of photoelectrons
is given by
\begin{equation}\label{maxen}
\frac{{\rm m} v_{\rm max}^2}2={h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\omega-W~,
\end{equation}
where $W$ is the {\it work function} of the substance.
Hence, the
emission of the electron is possible only if
${h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\omega-W>0$; thus, the redbound
$\omega_{\rm red}=W/{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}$ does not depend on the  intensity of
the  light --
this agrees with Lenard's observations !
\medskip\\
{\bf E3.}
Respectively,
the stopping voltage should satisfy the inequality
\begin{equation}\label{Vs}
-eU_{\rm stop}>{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\omega-W~,
\end{equation}
where $e<0$. Thus the minimal $U_{\rm stop}$ also does not
depend on the  intensity of
light.
\medskip

Formula  (\ref{maxen}) formally represents the
energy conservation in the absorption of the
photon by the electron.
However, let us stress that (\ref{maxen})
is a theoretical interpretation of
formula
(\ref{Vs}), which is verified experimentally and gives the
minimal stopping voltage $-({h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\omega-W)/e$. Moreover,
formula (\ref{Vs}) allows to measure the Planck constant
${h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}$
with high precision.

Thus the `Einstein rules'
{\bf E1} -- {\bf E3}
give the complete expanation for
Lenard's observations.
In 1922 A. Einstein was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize
in Physics for his
theory of the
photoelectric effect,
relying on the revolutionary {\it corpuscular
theory of light}.
\medskip

In 1927  G. Wentzel calculated angular
distribution of the photocurrent
applying the first order
perturbation approach to the coupled Maxwell-
Schr\"odinger equations.
\medskip

We give a slightly formalized version of
Wentzel's calculations
\cite[Vol. II]{Som}.
Namely, we justify
Wentzel's calculations and
 Einstein's rules
by the limiting amplitude principle
in the framework of the perturbation approach.
We show that
the photoeffect is caused by  slow decay of
the  limiting amplitude
 at infinity for  $|\omega|>|\omega_1|$.
The slow decay
results in a
nonvanishing current to infinity; this means the
photoelectric effect. Thus, $\omega_{\rm red}=|\omega_1|$.
Moreover,
the photoelectron energy is given by (\ref{maxen}), and
stopping voltage satisfies (\ref{Vs}).

Unfortunately, the perturbation approach is not selfconsistent, and
should be considered, rather as a hint for explaning  the
atomic ionization. The corresponding rigouros theory of
ionization was developed recently \cite{Cos01}-\cite{CLST2010}.
However, the theory implies the atomic ionization for
any light frequency $\omega\ne 0$.
For second quantized models
a perturbation treatment of
the atomic ionization and of relation
 (\ref{maxen})
 were given in
\cite{Bach01, GZ2009, Z2006}.

This being so, a dynamical nonperturbation
explanation of Einsten's rules for
photoelectric effect remains an open challenging problem.

\setcounter{subsection}{0}
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\section{Scattering problem}
We want to describe the scattering of light by the Hydrogen
atom in its ground state.
The scattering
is described
by the coupled Maxwell-Schr\"odinger equations in the
Born approximation
\begin{equation}\label{SMes}
\displaystyle[i{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\partial_t-e\phi_n({\bf x})]\psi(t,{\bf x}) =\frac 1{2{\rm m}}
[-i{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\nab-\displaystyle\frac ec {\bf A}_0(t,{\bf x})]^2\psi(t,{\bf x})
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{SMeas}
\left\{\begin{array}{l}
\displaystyle\frac 1{4\pi}\Box \phi(t,{\bf x})=\rho(t,{\bf x})=e|\psi(t,{\bf x})|^2~,\\
\\
\displaystyle\frac 1{4\pi}\Box {\bf A}(t,{\bf x})=\displaystyle\frac{{\bf j}(t,{\bf x})}c =\displaystyle\frac e {{\rm m}
c}[-i{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\nab-\displaystyle\frac ec  {\bf A}_0(t,{\bf x})]\psi(t,{\bf x} ) \cdot\psi(t,{\bf x}) \end{array}
\right.~,
\end{equation}
where $\phi_n({\bf x})=-e/|{\bf x}|$ is the Coulomb potential of
the nucleus, and $\cdot$ stands for the real scalar product
of the complex numbers considered as vectors from $\R^2$:
$z_1\cdot z_2={\rm Re{\hspace{0.5mm}}} z_1\overline z_2$.
Further,
 ${\bf A}_0$ stands for the incident  wave
 \begin{equation}\label{A1t} ~~~~{\bf A}_0(t,{\bf x})=A\Theta(ct-x^1)\sin
k(x^1-ct)(0,0,1)~.
\end{equation}
where $\Theta$ is the Heaviside function, and
 $k$ is a wave number.
The incident wave is a  solution
to the Maxwell equations in {\it free space}:
\begin{equation}\label{dps}
~~~~\Box {\bf A}_0(t,{\bf x})=0~,~~~~~(t,{\bf x})\in\R^4~.
\end{equation}

In
our model (\ref{SMes}), (\ref{SMeas}) the hydrogen
nucleus is considered as fixed. This corresponds to
the fact that
nucleus is heavy with respect to the electron.

The hydrogen ground state energy is
$E_1=-2\pi{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} cR =-{\rm m} e^4/(2{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}^2)$, and
the corresponding  wave function  is
$\psi_1({\bf x})=C_1e^{-|{\bf x}|/r_1}$ (we assume that the atom is situated
at the origin). Then the corresponding solution to the Schr\"odinger
equation is
\begin{equation}\label{ceig}
\psi_1(t,{\bf x})=C_1e^{-|{\bf x}|/r_1}e^{-i\omega_1t}~,\,\,\,\,\omega_1=\displaystyle\frac{E_1}{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}
=-\displaystyle\frac{{\rm m} e^4}{2{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}^3}~,~~~~~r_1=\displaystyle\frac{{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}^2}{me^2}~.
\end{equation}

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\section{First order approximation}
We apply the
perturbation approach
 expanding the
solution of  (\ref{SMes}) for small
amplitudes $|A|$:
\begin{equation}\label{fa}
\psi(t,{\bf x})=\psi_1(t,{\bf x})+Aw(t,{\bf x})+{\cal O}}\newcommand{\cP}{{\cal P}(A^2)~,~~~~~~|A|\ll 1
\end{equation}
where
$\psi_1(t,{\bf x})$ is the groundstate (\ref{ceig}).
We suppose that the atom is in its groundstate for $t<0$, i.e.,
\begin{equation}\label{faw}
w(t,{\mathbf{x}})=0,~~~~~~~~t<0.
\end{equation}
Substituting (\ref{fa}) into
(\ref{SMes}), we obtain, in the first order in $A$,
\begin{equation}\label{SMes1}
A\displaystyle[i{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\partial_t-e\phi_n({\bf x})]w(t,{\bf x}) =A\frac 1{2{\rm m}} [-i{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\nab]^2
w(t,{\bf x})+\frac{i{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} e}{{\rm m} c} {\bf A}_0(t,{\bf x})\cdot\nab \psi_1(t,{\bf x})
\end{equation}
since $\psi_1(t,{\bf x})$ is a solution to equation (\ref{SMes}) with
${\bf A}_0=0$.
By (\ref{A1t})  and  (\ref{ceig}), we have the following
splitting for the
source term in the RHS of (\ref{SMes1}),
\begin{eqnarray}\label{SMes2}
\frac{i{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} e}{{\rm m} c} {\bf A}_0(t,{\bf x})\cdot\nab
\psi_1(t,{\bf x})&=& \frac{i{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} e}{{\rm m} c} A\sin k(x^1-ct)(0,0,1)\cdot\nab
\psi_1({\bf x}) e^{-i\omega_1 t}\nonumber\\
&=&
\frac{A{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} e}{2{\rm m} c}  [e^{i k(x^1-ct)}-e^{-i k(x^1-ct)}]e^{-i\omega_1 t}
\nab_3\psi_1({\bf x})\nonumber\\
&=&\psi_+({\bf x})e^{-i(\omega_1+\omega)t}-\psi_-({\bf x})e^{-i(\omega_1-\omega)t}~,~~~t>x^1-c~,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\omega:=kc$.
Now let us apply the {\it limiting amplitude principle}:
\begin{equation}\label{lapra}
~~~~~~~w(t,{\bf x})= w_+({\bf x})e^{-i(\omega_1+\omega)t}-w_-({\bf x})e^{-i(\omega_1-\omega)t}
+\sum_l C_l\psi_l({\bf x})e^{-i\omega_l t}+r(t,{\bf x})
\end{equation}
where $w_\pm({\bf x})$ are the {\it limiting amplitudes},
and
$r(t,\cdot)\to 0$ as $t\to\infty$, in an appropriate norm.
Here
$\psi_l({\bf x})$ denote
eigenfunctions of the discrete
spectrum of homogeneous Schr\"odinger equation
\begin{equation}\label{hS}
\displaystyle[i{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\partial_t-e\phi_n({\bf x})]w(t,{\bf x})
=\frac 1{2{\rm m}}
[-i{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\nab]^2 w(t,{\bf x})~.
\end{equation}
The asymptotics (\ref{lapra}) hold
provided
 $\omega_1\pm\omega\ne\omega_l$ for all $l$.

The sum over the discrete spectrum on the RHS
of (\ref{lapra}) vanishes
by (\ref{faw}). (In any case,
the sum  does not contribute to the photocurrent
since the eigenfuctions  rapidly decay
at infinity.)
Then, in the first order approximation,
\begin{equation}\label{was}
w(t,{\bf x})\sim w_+({\bf x})e^{-i(\omega_1+\omega)t}-w_-({\bf x})e^{-i(\omega_1-\omega)t}~,
\,\,\,\,t\to+\infty
\end{equation}
For $w_\pm$, we get equations
\begin{equation}\label{wequ}
\displaystyle[\omega_1\pm \omega+\displaystyle\frac{e^2}{{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}|{\bf x}|}]w_\pm({\bf x})+
\frac {h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}{2{\rm m}}
\Delta w_\pm({\bf x})=\frac{\psi_\pm({\bf x})}{{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} A}=\frac{e}{2{\rm m} c}e^{\pm i kx^1}
\nab_3\psi_1({\bf x})~.
\end{equation}

\setcounter{subsection}{0}
\setcounter{theorem}{0}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

\section{Radiation in continuous spectrum}
We will consider scattering of light with large frequencies:
\begin{equation}\label{fbn}~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|\omega|>|\omega_1|~.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\end{equation}
For  the
Hydrogen we have $|\omega_1|=\displaystyle\frac{{\rm m} e^4}{2{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}^3}
\approx 20,5\cdot 10^{15} ~s^{-1}$ by (\ref{ceig}). Hence, bound
(\ref{fbn}) holds for wave numbers $|k|>k_1:=|\omega_1|/c\approx 68\cdot 10^{7}$ m$^{-1}$
or wave lengths
$\lambda < 2\pi/k_1=0.91176\cdot 10^{-5}$ cm $=911.76 \stackrel\circ A$.

For simplicity of notations, we assume that
$\omega>0$.
Then $\omega_1-\omega<0$, but
$$
\omega_1+\omega=\omega-|\omega_1|>0
$$
by (\ref{fbn}).
Hence, ${h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}(\omega_1+\omega)$ belongs to the continuous spectrum
of the  stationary Schr\"odinger equation (\ref{wequ}).
Therefore,
the solution $w_+({\bf x})\not\in L^2$. This means a
slow decay of the limiting amplitude:
$$
|w_+({\mathbf{x}})|\sim
\frac
{a({\bf n}({\mathbf{x}}))}
{|{\mathbf{x}}|}~,
~~~~~~~~~
|{\mathbf{x}}|\to\infty~,
$$
where ${\bf n}({\mathbf{x}}):={\mathbf{x}}/|{\mathbf{x}}|$.
We will calculate the
amplitude
$a({\bf n})$
and obtain the
main term of the radiation in the form
\begin{equation}\label{mte}
Aw_+({\bf x})e^{-i(\omega_1+\omega)t}\sim
A
\frac{a(\varphi,\theta)}{|{\bf x}|}e^{i[k_r|{\bf x}|-(\omega+\omega_1)t]}~,\,
\,\,\,|{\bf x}|\to\infty~.
\end{equation}
On the other hand, ${h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}(\omega_1-\omega)<0$ does not belong to the
continuous spectrum of the Schr\"odinger equation.
Hence, $w_-(x)$ exponentially decays,
\begin{equation}\label{wmL}
|w_-({\bf x})|\le Ce^{-\varepsilon_-|{\bf x}|}~,~~~~~~~~{\bf x}\in\R~,
\end{equation}
where $\varepsilon_->0$.
In fact,
we can neglect
term with $\displaystyle\frac{e^2}{{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}|{\bf x}|}$
in equation (\ref{wequ}), since it is relatively small and decays at infinity. Then we obtain
\begin{equation}\label{weqt}
[\Delta+\displaystyle z_-] w_-({\bf x})=f_-({\bf x})~,\,\,\,\,{\bf x}\in\R^3
\end{equation}
where $z_-={2m}(\omega_1- \omega)/{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}<0$ and
$|f_-({\bf x})|\le Ce^{-\varepsilon|{\bf x}|}$ with $\varepsilon=-1/r_1>0$.
Hence,
$w_-=E_-*f_-$, where $E_-({\bf x})$ is the
fundamental solution $E_-({\bf x})=-e^{-\kappa_-|{\bf x}|}/(4\pi|{\bf x}|)$ with
$\kappa_-:=\sqrt{-z_-}>0$:
\begin{equation}\label{cfs1}
w_-({\bf x})=-\int \frac{e^{-\ka_-|{\bf x}-{\bf y}|}}
{4\pi|{\bf x}-{\bf y}|}f_-({\bf y})d{\bf y}~.
\end{equation}
As a result,
decay (\ref{wmL}) holds with
$\varepsilon_-=\min(\varepsilon, \kappa_-)>0$.
\medskip

We will deduce from (\ref{mte}) and (\ref{wmL})
the following asymptotics for the limiting stationary
electric current at infinity,
\begin{equation}\label{elc}
{\bf j}(t,{\bf x})\sim A^2\frac{e{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} k_r}{{\rm m}}
\frac{a^2(\varphi,\theta)}{|{\bf x}|^2}{\bf n}({\bf x})~,\,\,\,\,|{\bf x}|\to\infty~.
\end{equation}
The formula
was obtained by Wentzel in 1927  (see \cite{We}) with amplitude
\begin{equation}\label{amp}
a(\varphi, \theta)=C\sin\theta\cos\varphi~,
\end{equation}
where $C\ne 0$.
Hence,
formula (\ref{elc})
describes a non-zero electric current from the
atom to infinity.
Indeed,
asymptotics (\ref{elc})
imply that {\it total
electric current to infinity} does not vanish, i.e.,
\begin{equation}\label{teci}
J_\infty:=\mathop{\rm lim}\nolimits_{R\to\infty}\int_{|{\bf x}|=R}{\bf j}(t,{\bf x})dS({\bf x})\ne 0~.
\end{equation}

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\section{The limiting amplitude}

Let us calculate the limiting amplitude $w_+({\bf x})$.
First, we rewrite equation (\ref{wequ})
as follows,
\begin{equation}\label{weqf}
[\nab^2 +k_r^2(\omega)]w_+({\bf x})=
\frac{e}{{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} c}e^{i kx^1}\nab_3\psi_1({\bf x})-\frac{2e^2{\rm m}}{{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}^2|{\bf x}|}w_+({\bf x})~,
\end{equation}
where $k_r(\omega):=\sqrt{2{\rm m}(\omega_1+\omega)/{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}}>0$.
In the first approximation,
we can neglect
the last term on the  RHS, because
it is small and decays at infinity.
Then we get the Helmholtz equation
\begin{equation}\label{weqg}
[\Delta +k_r^2(\omega)]w_+({\bf x})=f_+({\bf x}):=
\frac{ e}{{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} c}e^{ i kx^1}\nab_3\psi_1({\bf x})~.
\end{equation}
Hence the exponential decay (\ref{wmL}) does not hold for
$w_+({\bf x})$. This is obvious in the Fourier space where (\ref{weqg})
becomes
\begin{equation}\label{weqg2}
\hat w_+({\bf k})=\displaystyle\frac{\hat f_+({\bf k})}{-{\bf k}^2+k_r^2(\omega)]}~.
\end{equation}
The denominator vanishes on the sphere $|{\bf k}|=k_r(\omega)$,
while $\hat f_+({\bf k})\sim {\bf k}_3\hat\psi_1({\bf k}_1+k,{\bf k}_2,{\bf k}_3)$
is zero only for ${\bf k}_3=0$.
Hence
$w_+({\bf x})$ cannot decay exponentially. Now
 the solution is given by the convolution
\begin{equation}\label{cfs}
w_+({\bf x})=-\int \frac{e^{ik_r(\omega)|{\bf x}-{\bf y}|}}{4\pi|{\bf x}-{\bf y}|}f_+({\bf y})d{\bf y}~.
\end{equation}
This follows from the
limiting absorption principle
since
fundamental solution
$\displaystyle\frac{e^{ik_r(\omega+i\varepsilon)|{\bf x}-{\bf y}|}}{4\pi|{\bf x}-{\bf y}|}$
is a tempered distribution for small $\varepsilon>0$, since
  ${\rm Im{\hspace{0.5mm}}} k_r(\omega+i\varepsilon)>0$ for the fixed branch
$k_r(\omega)>0$.

Now we can calculate asymptotics (\ref{mte}).
To do so we substitute expression
(\ref{weqg}) for $f_+$ into (\ref{cfs}).
By partial integration,
we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}\label{cfp}
w_+({\bf x})&=&-\frac{e}{{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} c}\int
\nab_{{\bf y}_3}\frac{e^{ik_r|{\bf x}-{\bf y}|}}{4\pi|{\bf x}-{\bf y}|}e^{ik{\bf y}^1}\psi_1({\bf y})d{\bf y}
\nonumber\\
\nonumber\\
&=&\frac{ik_r e}{{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} c}\int
\frac{e^{ik_r|{\bf x}-{\bf y}|}({\bf x}^3-{\bf y}^3)}{4\pi|{\bf x}-{\bf y}|^2}e^{ik{\bf y}^1}\psi_1({\bf y})d{\bf y}
+{\cal O}}\newcommand{\cP}{{\cal P}(|{\bf x}-{\bf y}|^{-2})~.
\end{eqnarray}
Recall that $\theta$ denotes the
angle between ${\bf n}:={\bf x}/|{\bf x}|$ and ${\bf e}_1$, and
$\varphi$ stands for {\it azimuthal} angle between ${\bf e}_3$ and
the
plane $({\bf n},{\bf e}_1)$. Then
${\bf x}^3=\sin\theta\cos\varphi|{\bf x}|$. Hence,
(\ref{cfp})
implies
(\ref{mte}) with angular distribution
(\ref{amp}),
because the ground state $\psi_1({\bf y})$ decays rapidly
 at infinity.
The constant $C$ in (\ref{amp}) is given by
\begin{equation}\label{cC}
C=C(k)=\frac{ik_r e}{4\pi {h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}} c}\int
e^{ik{\bf y}^1}\psi_1({\bf y})d{\bf y}~.
\end{equation}
It does not vanish for the groundstate (\ref{ceig}).

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\section{Angular distribution of  photocurrent:  The Wentzel formula}
Our aim is to derive  (\ref{elc}).
Equations (\ref{SMeas}) imply that,
in the first approximation,
the current is given by
\begin{equation}\label{SMec}
{\bf j}
:=-\displaystyle\frac e {\rm m}[i{h^{\hspace{-2.5mm}-}}\nab\psi(t,{\bf x} )]
\cdot\psi(t,{\bf x} )~.
\end{equation}
Further, $w_-({\bf x})$ decays exponentially at infinity by
(\ref{wmL}), as well as  the eigenfunctions
of the discrete spectrum
$\psi_l({\bf x})$.
Therefore, (\ref{fa})
and (\ref{was})
imply the asymptotics
\begin{equation}\label{fab}
\psi(t,{\bf x})\sim
Aw_+({\bf x})e^{-i(\omega_1+\omega)t}~,\qquad
|{\bf x}|\to\infty.
\end{equation}
Substituting
into (\ref{SMec}), and using
asymptotics (\ref{mte}), we obtain the Wentzel formula (\ref{elc})
with amplitude (\ref{amp}).

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\section{Derivation of Einstein's rules}

Now we can explain Lenard's observations and Einstein's rules for
the photoelectric effect:
\bigskip\\
{\bf E1} By (\ref{elc}), the saturation photocurrent is
proportional to $A^2$, which in turn is proportional to the
intensity of incident light.
\medskip\\
{\bf E2} Asymptotics (\ref{mte}) imply that
the energy per one photoelectron is given by the {\it Einstein
formula} (\ref{maxen}). Indeed, for large $|{\mathbf{x}}|$, the
radiated wave (\ref{mte}) is locally close to the plane wave
with the frequency $\omega-|\omega_1|$. Hence,
the energy per one photoelectron
is given by $E=\hbar(\omega-|\omega_1|)$, which is equivalent to
(\ref{maxen}) with
\begin{equation}\label{Who}
W=\hbar\omega_1~.
\end{equation}
{\bf E3} Application of stopping voltage is equivalent to the
corresponding modification of the scalar potential in the
Schr\"odinger equation (\ref{SMes}): $\phi_n({\mathbf{x}})\mapsto
\tilde\phi({\mathbf{x}})=\phi_n({\mathbf{x}})+\phi_{\rm
stop}({\mathbf{x}})$, where $\phi_{\rm stop}({\mathbf{x}})$ is
a~slowly varying potential, and $\phi_{\rm
stop}({\mathbf{x}})=U_{\rm stop}>0$ in a~macroscopic region
which
contains the atom.
Therefore,  the ground state energy
$\hbar\omega_1$ changes to $\hbar\tilde\omega_1$, and
$\hbar\tilde\omega_1\approx\hbar
\omega_1+eU_{\rm stop}$ with high precision.
Indeed, by the
 Courant minimax principle,
\begin{equation}\label{HC}
\hbar\omega_1=\min\limits_{\Vert\psi\Vert=1} (\psi,H\psi)~.
\end{equation}
We can assume that $0\le \phi_{\rm stop}({\mathbf{x}})\le U_{\rm
stop}$ for ${\mathbf{x}}\in{\mathbb R}^3$. Then
\begin{equation}\label{HC2}
\hbar\tilde\omega_1=\min\limits_{\Vert\psi\Vert=1}
(\psi,[H+e\phi_{\rm stop}({\mathbf{x}})]\psi)\ge
\hbar\omega_1+eU_{\rm stop}~.
\end{equation}
On the other hand, the unperturbed ground state
$\psi_1({\mathbf{x}})$ is localized in a very small region of the
size about $1\stackrel{0}A=10^{-8}$ cm, where $e\phi_{\rm
stop}({\mathbf{x}})=U_{\rm stop}$. Hence,
\begin{equation}\label{HC3}
(\psi_1,[H+e\phi_{\rm stop}({\mathbf{x}})]\psi_1)\approx
\hbar\omega_1+eU_{\rm stop}~.
\end{equation}
Therefore,
\begin{equation}\label{HC22}
\hbar\tilde\omega_1\approx
\hbar\omega_1+eU_{\rm stop}~.
\end{equation}
For the eigenstates with highest numbers, the localization gets
progressively worse, and the eigenfunctions of the continuous
spectrum are not localized at all.
Respectively, the shift of the highest eigenvalues is smaller and
smaller, and the continuous spectrum of the modified Schr\"odinger
operator remains unchanged.

Finally, the potential
prevents the photoelectric effect if
the spectral condition (\ref{fbn}) fails for the modified ground
state; i.e., $0<\omega<|\tilde\omega_1|$ or
\begin{equation}\label{fbn2}
\hbar\omega<|\hbar\omega_1+eU_{\rm stop}|=\hbar|\omega_1|-eU_{\rm
stop}~,
\end{equation}
since $\omega_1<0$, while $e<0$ and we define
$U_{\rm stop}>0$. In other words,
\begin{equation}\label{fbn3}
-eU_{\rm stop}>\hbar\omega-\hbar|\omega_1|~,
\end{equation}
which is equivalent to (\ref{Vs}) by (\ref{Who}).

\setcounter{subsection}{0}
\setcounter{theorem}{0}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

\section{Further improvements}
The Wentzel calculation takes into account
interaction of the Maxwell and Schr\"odinger fields
in the first order of approximation. Next,
second order correction,
was obtained by Sommerfeld
and Shur \cite{SS}.
 The corresponding
corrected formula reads (see \cite[Vol. II]{Som})
\begin{equation}\label{elcnSS}
{\bf j}(t,{\bf x})\sim
\frac{\sin^2\theta\cos^2\varphi(1+4\beta\cos\theta)}{|{\bf x}|^2}
~{\bf n}({\bf x})~,\,\,\,\,|{\bf x}|\to\infty~.
\end{equation}
Here $\beta=\displaystyle\frac vc$, where $v$ is velocity of the
photoelectrons. The formula means an {\it increment}
 of the scattering amplitude for angles $0<\theta<\displaystyle\frac\pi 2$
and a {\it decrement} of the scattering amplitude for
angles $\displaystyle\frac\pi 2<\theta<\pi $. This means a
{\it forward shift of scattering} due to
{\it pressure of the
incident light upon the outgoing photocurrent},
as predicted by Wentzel
\cite{We}.

Fisher and Sauter have obtained
the formula which holds in each order
(see \cite[Vol. II]{Som}):
\begin{equation}\label{elcnSSao}
{\bf j}(t,{\bf x})\sim
\frac{\sin^2\theta\cos^2\varphi}{(1-\beta\cos\theta)^4|{\bf x}|^2}
{\bf n}({\bf x})~,\,\,\,\,|{\bf x}|\to\infty~.
\end{equation}

\setcounter{subsection}{0}
\setcounter{theorem}{0}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

\section{Ionization and photoeffect}
Unfortunately, the perturbation theory
of the photoeffect
is not
selfconsistent. For instance,
the stationary nonvanishing photocurrent  (\ref{teci})
contradicts the charge conservation
law, because
the atomic charge is finite.
The contradiction is provided by the perturbation strategy,
 which leaves  unchanged $\psi_1$
on the right hand side of  (\ref{SMes1})
while it should be substituted by the solution
of (\ref{SMes}), (\ref{SMeas}).
This `selfaction' should result in a decay of the photocurrent
until the negative atomic charge will be exausted, i.e.,
\begin{equation}\label{ioniz}
\int_{|{\bf x}|<R}|\psi(t,{\bf x})|^2d{\bf x}\to 0~,~~~~~~~t\to\infty
\end{equation}
for all $R>0$.
Thus, formula (\ref{teci}) does not justify the photoeffect
but it rather suggests the {\it atomic  ionization} (\ref{ioniz}),
as
established in \cite{Cos01}-\cite{CLST2010}.
\medskip\\
On the other hand, a
selfconsistent justification of the  photoeffect
should rely on the stationary photocurrent, since
the stopping voltage is concerned exactly
the stationary picture.
To maintain the stationary photocurrent, one needs either
an external
source (galvanic element, etc) to reimburse the charge
decay, or
a different model with infinite charge (e.g., crystal).
\medskip\\
Finally, the ionization occurs at any light frequency $\omega$
different from zero, according to the results
of \cite{Cos01}-\cite{CLST2010}.
Thus, a satisfactory nonperturbation explanation of
the Einstein rules of the photoelectric effect
remains still an open problem.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Super Bowl Sunday brings of food, noise, and competition to households all across the country. Interestingly, there are many NFL players from MSIs whose talent has made Super Bowl Sunday the most anticipated American pro-football game of the year. In this spirit, today's Monday Morning Line Up highlights 10 NFL players who hail from HBCUs.
Mathis is a 14-year veteran of the Indianapolis Colts. He hails from the great Alabama A&M University (Source).
2) Antoine Bethea: Howard University (HBCU)—Washington, D.C.
Bethea is a graduate from Howard University in Washington, D.C. He began his NFL career in 2006 with the Indianapolis Colts. Now in his 11th season, Bethea is a Strong Safety for the San Francisco 49ers (Source).
Davis is a 4-year NFL veteran and graduate of Bethune-Cookman University. He began his NFL career with the Jacksonville Jaguars, and currently plays linebacker for the Dallas Cowboys (Source).
Langford is an 8-year veteran in the NFL world. A Hampton University graduate, Langford was first drafted by the Miami Dolphins in 2008. He currently plays Defensive End for the Indianapolis Colts (Source).
Crowell is currently in his 3rd season as Running Back for the Cleveland Browns. Brown attended Alabama State University (Source).
Chris Hubert is a 2016 Rookie NFL player for the Arizona Cardinals. He recently graduated from Fayetteville State University in Fayetteville, NC (Source).
Olatoye hails from North Carolina A&T University. He is currently in his 2nd year in the NFL as a Corner Back for the Atlanta Falcons. Good luck at the Super Bowl, Deji (Source).
Jalen "Scoot" Simmons is one of the many 2016 Rookie players from the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC). Simmons is a graduate of South Carolina State University and currently a Running Back for the Carolina Panthers (Source).
Hayes is currently in his 9th NFL season playing Defensive End for the Los Angeles Rams. Hayes is a graduate of Winston Salem State University in Winston-Salem, NC (Source).
Ryan Smith is originally from Augsburg, Germany, but attended North Carolina Central University. He is currently a Rookie Corner Back for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (Source).
Know any other NFL players who graduated from Minority Serving Institutions? Tell us in the comments below!


If fully implemented, the rules would have cut oil consumption by about 12 billion barrels and reduced carbon dioxide pollution by about six billion tons over the lifetime of all the cars affected by the regulations, according to E.P.A. projections.
The rules also would have put the United States, historically a laggard in fuel economy regulations, at the forefront worldwide in the manufacture of electric and highly fuel efficient vehicles. The United States and Canada are the only major nations that have adopted mandatory emissions standards through 2025. The European Union has only recently proposed standards for 2025 and 2030, while China has only started to work on standards for those years.
Simple: don't buy another vehicle that doesn't get at least 40 MPG and the regulation doesn't matter.
I still don't understand all the people who tell me that electric cars or plug-in hybrids are too expensive and then I find out they drive a $40,000 SUV or truck that gets 15-20 MPG. That's way more than a reasonable plug-in.


Normally this organic mom steers clear of the vaccine debate. We skirted it in The Complete Organic Pregnancy on purpose – parents need to discuss the issues (real and less real) with their doctors and trusted advisers, and to make educated decisions that are right for their families. That's what I do. But what's right for me might not be right for you.
I cannot tell you how many emails I've gotten in the past few weeks asking me what to do about the H1N1 vaccine, and I don't feel like I can ignore them all. These are from pregnant moms, parents, and even concerned grandparents from all walks of life. These are people who have never given their kids shots, people who have delayed vaccinations and never done flu shots, people who do give shots for deadly diseases but tend to think of flu shots as unnecessary. It's a real conundrum. And it's made that much worse by the media hype and misinformation. There's even a pediatrician in my neighborhood telling parents there's something in the H1N1 shot that has been linked to Gulf War Syndrome, and that we therefore don't know what might show up years down the line. The parent spreading that story didn't bother to ask what it was, or to see the studies her doctor was referring to, but was busily repeating it others, scaring/horrifying them. After a little independent research, I gather the doctor was referring to squalene, which isn't, as of this moment, allowed in vaccines in the United States and so isn't even an issue here….


text:
Trips from Barcelona
Day trips from barcelona
Weekend trips from barcelona
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Taranna | About Us
About Catalonia
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text:
Seven executives could share a multimillion-dollar windfall
By Zoe Samios
Seven West Media was in a terrible financial state before coronavirus came to Australia. Net debt at the Kerry Stokes-controlled media company was $564 million, its programs were struggling and its share price had slipped to 6 cents in April last year.
Private equity was circling. And there were questions about whether chief executive James Warburton, who had been brought back to Seven by Stokes to steady the ship, was the right man for the job. Seven, like other media companies including Nine Entertainment Co (owner of this masthead), suffered from a significant downfall in advertising during the early part of the pandemic. But unlike Nine, whose chairman Peter Costello has enforced a conservative balance sheet over the past eight years, Seven had borrowed too much.
Seven executives James Warburton and Kurt Burnette could gain millions from the broadcaster's changing fortune. Credit:Peter Braig
But things have changed fast. Seven renegotiated its debt (under less favourable terms) and secured more breathing space by taking almost $50 million in JobKeeper payments from the federal government. Warburton sold assets such its magazine arm, Pacific, and the group's West Australian headquarters. At the same time the advertising market has roared back into life and Seven's ratings have improved.
Two weeks ago, after announcing a long-awaited deal to buy regional broadcaster Prime Media Group, Seven West Media hit a three-year trading high of 70 cents per share. That's a 12-fold increase since its lows of April 2020. Nobody will be more happy about the reversal of fortunes than Seven's executive team whose short- and long-term incentives are the talk of the commercial media industry.
According to Seven's 2021 annual report, Warburton received a total package of $7.6 million this year including his incentive schemes. (Warburton forfeited some of his incentives last financial year).
The long-term incentives disclosed in Seven's 2021 annual report show executives including Warburton, veteran chief sales officer Kurt Burnette and long-time commercial director Bruce McWilliam will share in a $9 million-plus windfall if the share price continues to improve.
Warburton, Burnette, McWilliam, chief financial officer Jeff Howard and head of human resources, Katie McGrath were issued shares between January 2020 and December 2020 that vest in 2023 and 2024. It is the granting of shares to these executives in Seven's most challenging period that could see them pocket hundreds of thousands - if not millions - of dollars.
More than 11 million shares were granted to Warburton under a long-term equity grant in December 2020, which were valued at 22 cents each. These rights will vest in 2024, but are already worth $4.3 million on paper more than what they were upon issue. And that's not including an extra 3.04 million in long-term incentive rights granted last Friday.
Burnette's 2.6 million performance rights – which were worth $572,916 last December – are now valued at $1.6 million. And McWilliam's 2.3 million rights are now valued at $1.4 million – a difference of about $900,000.
It is very common for listed companies to issue executives with shares that vest if the business hits certain performance hurdles. The shares issued by Seven under the long-term incentive plans are contingent on a compound annual growth rate over a three-year vesting period.
But they aren't the only rights that were awarded over the past two years. For Burnette, Howard, McWilliam and McGrath, there could also be huge gains from performance rights that were granted in January 2020, which were valued at 4.5 cents each. McWilliam's performance rights, for example, were worth $25,084 back then. Now, they are valued at $334,459. All this means Seven's executive team could end up being the highest paid in Australian media over the next couple of years.
The promising news for Seven investors is Warburton expects the share price to grow as his programming ratings and revenue improve. Seven announced this weekend it was the number one broadcaster in terms of total audience. Earlier this month it announced an earnings upgrade and flagged the return of its dividend for the first time since 2017.
"Revenue always lags ratings," Mr Warburton told this masthead late week. "You've got to get the ratings good, get the mojo back.
"We've put forward a three-pillar strategy... and we've executed on the plan. We've got some reward for that now, people are starting to see the momentum. We're still one of the most undervalued media companies. Consolidating Prime is another opportunity for us and we'll just continue doing our job and the rest will look after itself."
The Business Briefing newsletter delivers major stories, exclusive coverage and expert opinion. Sign up to get it every weekday morning.
Seven West Media
Zoe Samios – Zoë Samios is a media and telecommunications reporter at The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age.Connect via Twitter or email.


Apr. 22, 2012 7:00 a.m.
Big Brothers Big Sisters of Victoria and Area will receive $50,000 over the next two years from Island Savings, a title sponsor for its In-School Mentoring program.
The program matches referred children at designated schools with screened and trained mentors for activities that support positive relationships, resiliency, social development and success in school.
As a result of In-School Mentoring, 48 per cent of children are less likely to have behavioural problems in school, while 34 per cent are less likely to allow themselves to be victimized or bullied by their peers, according to a release from BBBS.
The partnership, which extends an existing three-year agreement, also allows Big Brothers Big Sisters to dedicate resources to screen and train volunteers, deliver child safety training, liaise with schools, match at-risk children with mentors and provide ongoing monitoring. Island Savings employees have also contributed more than 720 hours of volunteer time to both mentoring and Big Brothers Big Sisters events.
To become an in-school mentor, Big Brother or Big Sister, visit www.bbbsvictoria.com.
April 26 – RON's Club (Royal Oak Neighbours) meets for a discussion cafe, "The Future of Saanich?", with Coun. Vic Derman and others. Broad ranging discussions including. energy, food, health, mobility, and waste. All welcome. Due to limited seating interested persons are asked to email info@planetwater.ca Social hour 6 to 7 p.m.; group discussion 7 to 9 p.m. at Crumsbys at the Schoolhouse, 4525 West Saanich Rd.
May 5 – Plant sale at St. Michael's and All Angels Church, 4733 West Saanich Rd., 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Flowering baskets, tomato, flower and vegetable plants, heritage plants, dahlia tubers, strawberry-themed items and containers. Refreshment stand.
May 5 – Come for "High Tea" and shop for Mother's Day, 1:30 to 4 p.m. at Esquimalt United Church, 500 Admirals Rd. Bake sale, silent auction and plant sale. Admission: adult/$10; children/$5.
May 6 – First annual Hike for Hospice along the Westsong Walkway from the Delta Ocean Pointe Resort and Spa to Barnard Park and back. All proceeds support Victoria Hospice in providing end-of-life care to local patients and families. All ages and abilities, families and corporate teams welcome. FMI: www.victoriahospice.org or 250-519-1744.


Here's how I decided on the antennas. I used www.antennaweb.org which was created by the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) to help discover the correct antenna type. When you go to www.antennaweb.org you can put in your zip code in street address in it will plot all of the transmitting antennas around your area.
One thing you need to do is double check to make sure it actually pulls up your correct address. It was a bit off for my address but, once I relocated the marker it drew the coordinates and the compass readings just fine. It suggested a medium to long range directional antenna. If you read above that's not what I chose. I chose a multidirectional antenna because if you look at the map I have stations coming in from several different directions. Hence the multidirectional antenna. 2nd antenna is designed to pick up the VHF frequencies.
So after everything came in, unboxing and bolting together I swapped out my antennas and here's what I found out. The DB8 didn't do any better job than my old antenna did in some cases it did worse so it got returned. The Winegard HD-1080 HDTV High Band VHF Antenna antenna however works better than any other antenna I've tried over the entire frequency spectrum FM, VHF, and UHF. Love this antenna and it's much cheaper so it stayed and is now the only antenna. So I guess this goes to show that the antenna really does make a difference. I also sent back that 18dB amplifier because I didn't need it. I still may try to get a higher power amplifier. I would like to try to get an amp somewhere around the 28dB to 32dB range. Of course if TiVo would put a decent set of tuners in their boxes I wouldn't need a more powerful amp. Although I haven't tried the higher series TiVo's. I would hope the one that reached THX certification has better tuners in it. Anyways we are very happy with our results.
Sneak preview I'm testing out the Wealth TV app on my logitech revue. I wish more and more TV stations would do this. hint… hint… CNN, Fox News.
Subscribe to the RSS feed, By email, or check back later for more updates.


text:
Gulf Oil Spill: Fisheries Closed, Louisiana Wetlands Now in Jeopardy
80beatsBy Andrew MosemanMay 3, 2010 6:23 PM
A week from today the Gulf of Mexico oil spill will still be pouring vast volumes of oil into the water. And that still might not be the end of it. That's the latest word from the oil company BP, whose efforts to shut off the leak have met with failure so far, and whose new plan will take another week—if it works at all.
BP PLC was preparing a system never tried before at such depths to siphon away the geyser of crude from a blown-out well a mile under Gulf of Mexico waters. However, the plan to lower 74-ton, concrete-and-metal boxes being built to capture the oil and siphon it to a barge waiting at the surface will need at least another six to eight days to get it in place [AP].
There are presently three leaks that were created when the Deepwater Horizon rig exploded and sank into the gulf. BP says today that it still hopes to install a shutoff valve on one of them, but that's not an option for the others. So the company wants to place one of these "containment domes" on the largest leak in about a week, and then another on the final leak a couple of days after that. But while BP, with help from the military, struggles to stop the flow, some of the environmental consequences are becoming clear already. Over the weekend, the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced that fishing would be closed across the Gulf region, from the Mississippi River to the Florida panhandle, for 10 days at least.
The U.S. Gulf coast is a rich breeding ground for fish, crabs, oysters and shrimp and accounts for about 20 percent of the nation's total commercial seafood production. The shrimp and oyster supply, in particular, is heavily concentrated in the Gulf [Reuters].
In addition, crude is now creeping toward the fragile wetlands of the Gulf Coast, and Louisiana in particular. Due in part to pollution, construction, and natural disasters like hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the marsh lands of the Mississippi delta have shrunk drastically; since the 1930s, Louisiana lost an area the size of Delaware to the sea.
Healthy wetlands would have some natural ability to cope with an oil slick, said Denise Reed, interim director of the Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences at the University of New Orleans. "The trouble with our marshes is they're already stressed, they're already hanging by a fingernail," she said. It is possible, she said, that the wetlands' "tolerance for oil has been compromised." If so, she said, that could be "the straw that broke the camel's back" [The New York Times].
It would be not only an ecological disaster if the oil influx killed off this ecosystem: Compromised wetlands mean less protection for New Orleans against the storm surge brought by hurricanes. On the political side, BP's CEO,
Tony Hayward, has said that the company accepts full responsibility for the spill and would pay up for "legitimate" claims of damage caused by the slick. However, the scope of this spill is so vast that the list of damages may stretch on and on. Already last week Louisiana shrimpers filed suit against BP for endangering their livelihood. If the spill indeed destroys ecosystems on the Gulf coast, the courts will probably have to sort out responsibility for that, too.
Our previous posts on the Gulf Oil Spill: 80beats: Gulf Oil Spill Reaches U.S. Coast; New Orleans Reeks of "Pungent Fuel Smell"
80beats: Uh-Oh: Gulf Oil Spill May Be 5 Times Worse Than Previously Thought
80beats: Coast Guard's New Plan To Contain Gulf Oil Spill: Light It on Fire
80beats: Sunken Oil Rig Now Leaking Crude; Robots Head to the Rescue
80beats: Ships Race To Contain the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
How Do Air Purifiers Work?
How Much Trash Is In Our Oceans?
This WWII Shipwreck Is Pouring Pollutants Into The North Sea
5 of the Best Winter Activities to Do in National Parks
The Pictures That Saved Yellowstone
Kelp Farming Could Help Clean up Polluted Waters
5 Incredible Natural Phenomena That Don't Seem to be Real
World War II Relics And Hunger Stones Emerge In European Drought
50 Years Ago, Cavers Connected Mammoth Cave and Flint Ridge


text:
Richemont seeks to buy Net-a-Porter
ZURICH (Reuters) - Swiss luxury goods maker Richemont (CFR.VX) is seeking to buy the 67 percent of online fashion retailer Net-a-Porter it does not already own, bolstering its position in luxury internet shopping.
Richemont's move comes as speculation heats up that luxury goods companies with strong balance sheets, such as Swatch Group (UHR.VX) and Hermes (HRMS.PA), are likely to pounce on targets as the sector recovers.
"If you believe that the internet for luxury goods is going to be anywhere like the internet already is for high street retail, it looks like a good bit of business," Kepler Capital Markets analyst Jon Cox said.
Richemont's offer, which values the equity of Net-a-Porter at 350 million pounds, has the backing of the British group's management. Founder Natalie Massenet will stay on as executive chairman, Richemont said on Thursday 1 April.
Richemont, which had a net cash position of 1.4 billion euros (1.25 billion pounds) at 31 December 2009, said the offer for Net-a-Porter becomes unconditional on or after April 1 and after this point Richemont is entitled to buy the remaining shares from other shareholders.
Net-a-Porter Limited's turnover for the financial year ended 31 January 2010 was around 120 million pounds and it has around 600 staff, Richemont said. Net-a-Porter Limited owns Net-a-Porter.com, which features collections from more than 300 top global designers.
Richemont, the group behind Cartier jewellery and Chloe handbags as well as top-end watchbrands such as Vacheron Constantin and Jaeger-LeCoultre, is controlled by South Africa's Rupert family.
Johann Rupert, who is already Richemont's executive chairman, tightened his grip on the group on Thursday 1 April when he officially started work as its chief executive, replacing Norbert Platt who is stepping down for health reasons.
(Reporting by Katie Reid; Editing by Mike Nesbit)


A weekly update of what I'm currently reading, watching and listening to.
An interesting book by the same author of the Steve Job's Biography "Jobs". I'm not much of a science person, but this is a great chance to learn just who Einstein was and what drove him to reach such incredible heights.
Isacson is a pretty amazing writer too and despite its controversy, I'd also recommend the Jobs book 100 percent.
Great funk bank that apparently still busks in the New York subways, heaps of fun and a great pick me up in times when I'm ready to put a brick through my computer.
Also has made me add "learn trumpet" to my bucket list.
If you haven't heard of this show yet then you must have been living under a rock for the last 3 months.
Robots + Cowboys = take my money.
everything about web development, a ton of the stuff can go straight over your head, but it can still be a great podcast to pick up an interesting tidbit or two whilst trying to climb the mountain of learning code.
This book is a really interesting read that gives you a different perspective on the world and what's going around you. Their answer to the reasons behind the drop in crime in the USA still feels ridiculous to me.
Defines the term 'slow burn', but crazy good acting and a super gritty storyline keeps you on-board and clamouring for answers. Ben Mendleson is the GOAT.
Two comedians that review fast food restaurants in the USA. Thanks to these guys I'm this close to selling everything I own, moving to the USA and living the short, yet enjoyable dream of hyper-obesity.


text:
Home » Other » Remembrance Day
Remembrance Day occurs every year on November 11th. This day marks the end of World War I. Hence, the day honors all that lost their lives during the conflict. Those, who gave their lives for other people's lives, freedom, democracy, and peace. Yet, it is not only about the victims of World War I. but about all victims of all military conflicts. But why are poppies worn on Remembrance Day?
Until then, World War I. was the largest conflict human have ever seen. As the name suggests, for the first time in history, the conflict occurred around the whole planet. Hence, its end at eleven o'clock on the eleventh day of the eleventh month was a reason to celebrate.
Its end in 1918 brought many political and social changes – society changed just like the map of the world did. Huge empires, including the Ottoman and Habsburg, crumbled into smaller states. Besides, over 20 million people lost their lives in the conflict. Sadly, only a few 21 years later, in 1939, an even bigger conflict broke out.
Other names for this day are Armistice Day, Veterans Day (USA), or Poppy Day.
The Story Of John McCrae
John McCrea was born on November 30th, 1872, in Guelph, Canada. In 1898, he graduated from medical school and pursued a career in the field. After serving in the army during the Second Boer War (1900-02), he practiced medicine at various universities.
However, in 1914, the British Empire, which Canada was a part of, went to war. This conflict was later called The Great War and then World War I. Once again, John McCrea entered the Canadian army. He served as a medical officer.
In May 1915, during the Second Battle of Ypres, his close friend, Alexis Helmer, died. To commemorate his honor, McCrea wrote a poem – In Flanders Fields (see below). Just like his friend, neither did he live to see the end of the war. John McCrea died on January 28th, 1918, in France. He was only 45 years old.
* November 30, 1820, Guelph, Canada
✟ January 28, 1918, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
A poppy field
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
We are the Dead. Short days ago
Loved and were loved, and now we lie,
In Flanders fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
why are poppies worn on Remembrance Day
In his poem, John McCrea refers to the poppies which grew over the graves of the fallen soldiers. Flanders is a region in France and Belgium where many deadly battles of the war took place. More importantly, it is a place where poppies grow. The reason for it is simple. During the war, the explosions severely damage the soil. And, poppies are one of the only plants capable of growing on such destroyed earth.
When the poem got published, it was an instant success. Consequently, the poppy became a symbol of the fallen soldiers. In 1918 an American professor, Moina Michael found inspiration in the poem. She began to wear a red poppy and inspired others to do the same. The tradition spread to France and, by 1921, to the British Empire. Hence, poppies are worn on Remembrance Day. However, they were a symbol of eternal sleep already centuries before!
While today poppies are not so common in the USA, in the British Commonwealth, many people still wear them every year. You may mostly encounter it in the UK, Canada, or New Zealand. Besides, when buying a poppy, people donate money to the war veterans. Hence, they pay respect and gratitude to them.
A poppy from the British Legion
Why do We remember?
A memorial of the dead with poppies
But why do we remember? And why is it important to do so?
People celebrate this day in honor of those who fought for them. In honor of all heroes and victims of the past and present conflicts. People remind themselves that the peace and freedom they live in was not for free. That it was not here always, and that it can be lost anytime again.
These people served and often gave up their lives for the values their country represents. Besides, they did not choose to go to war. They did it for their children, their family, their friends. The least a person can do today is not forget their sacrifice.
Showing support to Remembrance day is not equal to supporting the war. Besides, there are not only red poppies. For example, purple poppies are in remembrance of the animals that died in the conflicts. White poppies are meant for the pacifists who want to express gratitude to the soldiers but also make an antiwar statement.
"When you go home, tell them of us and say, for their tomorrow we gave our today."
While the day is most celebrated in the countries of the British Commonwealth (the UK, Canada, New Zealand,…) and in the USA, other countries also take part, for instance, Germany, Poland, Belgium, France, or the Czech Republic.
In the UK, people hold a two-minute silence to honor the dead at 11 AM.
At first, Armistice was the name of the day. Only later, new names such as Remembrance Day (UK, Canada, NZ) and Veterans Day (USA) emerged.
The UK holds ceremonies on Remembrance Sunday. That is the first Sunday after Remembrance day!
The tomb of the unknown soldier is a common monument at military cemeteries. They represent the memory of the soldiers who were never identified. Thus, Remembrance Day ceremonies tend to take place by these monuments!
Tomb of the unknown soldier in the Arlington National Cemetery, Washington D.C.


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Candid John Mayer Interview
By NewRockstarPhilosophy • February 20, 2009 • Music Business Commentary
So I'm casually YouTubing for some new John Mayer material.
I'll admit it, I'm a fan. Continuum was gold. I still find myself listening to it on a regular basis. I listen and hear new things all the time. From the tone and feel of Pino's bass on Vultures to all the background vocals during the climax of Gravity. You can tell the guy wanted to create something classic. Something that would last.
Anyways, on my hunt for new stuff, I stumbled on an interview with a Berklee student which I thought was worth sharing. It was during the time he spent there doing his Information to Inspiration talk.
This interview was candid and insightful. Whether you like his music or not, the dude's got some good things to say regarding building a music career. From promoting himself, learning html, being cool with the shitty gigs, achieving small goals, enjoying each step forward (however small), and more.
Two thoughts worth writing:
1. Don't try to manipulate your moves to what you think the industry wants. You gotta do your own thing.
2. Everything starts with a good song.
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pp_2T0pI8nw&feature=related]
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ouKldNg5gg&feature=related]
This is going to sound like some sort of parent or teacher, but the guy who interviewed him works with the Berklee student newspaper/magazine, Groove. Due to this, he gets to interview Mayer for the magazine, use the audio interview to promote his own music in the youtube clips above, and tell girls he knows John Mayer.
There's something to be said about getting involved.
BerkleeHooverJohn MayerJohn Mayer Candid InterviewMusic BusinessMusic IndustryNew Rockstar PhilosophyVoyno
Music Industry Associations World Wide
The New Lo-Fi
There Is No Such Thing As A One Hit Wonder Anymore #internet
If You Build It… Nobody Gives A Shit #festivals
Reply	armsupdove February 20, 2009 at 8:58 pm
Ya man, John Mayer is a musician first. You don't see him doing or playing shit that he doesn't love and enjoy and that's a rare commodity in today's musical world.