text:
How much does it cost to build an app like Tabby?
Sudeep Srivastava January 16, 2023
Factors affecting the cost of building an app like Tabby
How to earn money from an app like Tabby?
How to succeed in the BNPL market?
How can Appinventiv help with creating your version of your Tabby like best buy now pay later apps?
Buy Now Pay Later has become one of the sureshot ways for ecommerce businesses to succeed, specially in the MENA region. Now looking to replace the Cash on Delivery phenomenon, several merchants are in search of solutions that would make it easy for their customers to do what the technology promises verbatim – buy now and pay later.
While in response a handful of solutions have emerged in the UAE and other parts of the MENA region, there is one that has been rising as the top choice for merchants – Tabby app. With statistics like 3 million customers, 800+ merchants, and a total funding of $185 million till date, the app has become an inspiration for new entrepreneurs looking to build a buy now pay later app.
On the cost front, it can take up anywhere between $35,000-$60,000 to build an app like Tabby with a mid-level UI and technology set. The cost of an application with multiple technology integrations and a high-end design system, on the other hand, can go up $150,000 or more. In this article, we will look into the many factors that lead to this cost to build buy now pay later app range.
Conceptually, the idea behind Tabby UAE app is to enable users to buy products, either through the app or from a partner eCommerce merchant and then pay for it in four equal installments. The different elements that go into it, however, makes Tabby buy now pay later one of the most in-demand applications of the UAE region.
Here are the different factors that affect the cost of developing an app like Tabby:
Features of Tabby buy now pay later like app
What makes Tabby a prime choice for eCommerce users and merchants is the ease and security it offers. Right from an intuitive in-app experience backed by well-structured shopping categories to an API/SDK that works seamlessly across different platforms, the buy now pay later app has set the standards for payment mechanisms on a global scale. Here are some of the features that make it possible.
Sign-up/ sign-in
While it is the most basic feature of any application, the login and sign-up experience that Tabby provides is probably what sets the users up for an effortless app experience. The app gives customers an option of guest check in, where they don't have to share their email or phone number unless they have experienced the application.
Once they have, they can sign-in simply through their email and phone number.
After pay apps like Tabby come with a Shop feature where you can create categories around the name of stores, products, and discounts. The app works like an ecommerce store where customers can view product information, costs, and offers.
On the UI front, the design that the pay later app has kept is fairly minimal with a grid-like view of the products and shops – divided into separate sections in the same screen. Want to know more about the benefits of minimalist design? Check out this guide to designing minimal apps.
Post purchase, the application gives customers a mode to track order and get real-time details of where it is in the delivery cycle.
Split payments
The number of installments while specific to Tabby app is the core of all the after pay apps. It allows customers to buy a product and then add their card details for Tabby to initiate the 4 split payments – once a month. All they have to do is pay the first installment amount when making the purchase.
Advanced payments
Tabby buy now pay later application offers customers to make advance payments against their scheduled split payment time. The feature gives freedom to the customers in terms of making payments when they have enough funds instead of waiting for a specific day.
[Also Read: Payment Gateway Integration: The Process]
Automatic deductions
Once the customers enter their card details, the shop-now-pay-later apps like Tabby automatically deducts the amount from the bank. However, before deducting the amount, the application sends a notification to the customers informing them of the upcoming payment.
TIP: When planning the mechanism for automatic deductions, keep returns and cancellations in mind. In case of Tabby, the moment a customer cancels the order, Tabby stops the installments after getting an update from the store.
The best afterpay apps like Tabby come with a dedicated account management system where the users can view their purchase history, payments made and the upcoming payments, alongwith their personal information details.
While all these features make the pay later app successful among customers, there are features that make the app a favorite among merchants as well. The app comes with an Android, iOS, and web API/SDK that can be integrated with ecommerce stores making it easy for merchants to offer an effortless checkout journey to their customers. Here are some of the top merchant-based features that Tabby offers –
Merchant analytics
Tabby gives all the ecommerce stores' merchants a dashboard where they can view insights around AOV, number of orders, and revenue made through Tabby in a monthly/yearly view.
The payment links enable merchants to share the payment page with their shoppers. Tabby app makes it extremely easy for the store owners, admin, supervisor, and sales manager to create and share payments links with their customers.
Disputes tab
Shop now pay later apps like Tabby come with a separate dashboard dedicated to disputes in the portal. It helps merchants categorize different disputes according to payment, store, order, etc. Against every dispute (customer issue), you will get two options – Challenge (which brings the order issue in progress) or Refund (which prompts Tabby to refund the amount to the customers.
Now that we have looked into the features part of buy now pay later app development, let's move to the process part of how to develop an app like Tabby. The stages that we apply individually come attached with a cost range for shop-now-pay-later apps.
The biggest advantage of the Tabby app lies in its simplistic design structure. The application is clearly divided into four screens – Shop, Payments, Cashback, and Profile – each with a separate user journey demonstrated through minimalistic line icons, clear product photos, and an intuitive user journey map.
When you build an app like Tabby, keep a note of minimalism in the application by avoiding overcrowding of content and visual elements. Next, think of the user journey for every feature and then plan out the structure to take the customers there.
When you invest in the development of a pay later app, you will have two options – either keep it specific to your store or create an API/SDK around it and make it easy to integrate with other ecommerce stores. At Appinventiv, we advise taking a milestone-wise approach if you own an ecommerce store, meaning, launch the feature in your store first and then make an SDK/API of it.
Depending on which business model you go with, the development efforts will go into creating the frontend and backend of the application, building all the features we mentioned above (or more), and integrating high-end technology like VR for trying products or AI for predictive analytics. Lastly, depending on the model you choose you will either have to make one version of the pay later app or two.
Since after pay apps are still a new concept in the financial space, the regulatory compliances are still developing on a global scale. If we talk about Tabby specifically, the app is compliant with the Saudi Central Bank's Regulatory Sandbox Environment in the KSA and is also PCI DSS certified. If you are launching your app outside of the UAE region, you will need to check with the regulatory bodies like the FTC before launching your product for mass usage.
Another closely related to compliances matter that you will have to address is keeping the credit bureau updated. On a global level, when customers buy something on credit or take a loan, their credit score changes on the basis of whether they are returning the credit or not. To keep this mechanism in check, you will also need to update the compliance bureau on a weekly basis whether a customer has made the EMI payment or not.
The last factor that brings a stark difference in the cost to develop an app like Tabby is the team working on it. This happens in two ways – the team size and the region they operate out of. Usually, at Appinventiv when we build a buy-now-pay-later app, we bring together experts from research, platform-specific developers, backend, design, and QA.
On the other hand, the region where the team belongs also plays a pivotal role in the cost to build a buy-now-pay-later app. A financial app development company like Appinventiv which is housed in India charges anywhere between $80-100 per hour, while a company in the US will take up $100-120 per hour.
All these factors added with the features mentioned above determine the cost to build an app like Tabby. It can take up anywhere between $35,000-$60,000 with mid-level UI and technology set, while an application with multiple technology integrations and high-end design system can go up to $150,000 or more.
While we have looked at the technical aspect of buy now pay later app development, it's critical to look into the ways you can earn money as well.
Monetization models for Tabby like app
Earn commission on every purchase made by customers through your app
Charge customers for unpaid installments
Earn money from merchants for showcasing their products as features in your application.
There can be many other ways to earn money from the buy now pay later business. Discuss them with our business consultant team.
Now throughout the article, we have been looking at a dissected view of what is Tabby payment, but how will you succeed if you follow their trail?
There can be a number of ways to succeed in the market that is slowly getting competitive. Let us look into some of them that answer how Tabby makes money.
Partner with banks
All the best buy now pay later apps are compliant with their region's regulatory requirements. However, only a few of them partner with banks to offer their service. On a mass level, the credit economy keeps banking at the center of its operation, thus partnering with banks to club your model can be a quick way to get a loyal mass adoption.
Extend to other industries
Primarily, the buy now pay later model has been limited to ecommerce. But if you develop an app like Tabby and launch it in industries like elearning, insurance, and even enterprise software systems, the result will be highly beneficial from a business revenue point of view.
A majority of the apps in the buy now pay later business have no strict credit checks in place. By embedding technologies like predictive analytics and blockchain smart contracts, you will be able to ensure that only the people who have the credit paying capability use the application along with ensuring that the installments get paid.
At Appinventiv, we have built a number of Fintech products. While some of them have been on traditional models like wallets and cross-border payments, some of the solutions we build are highly innovative in nature – BNPL apps are one of them.
Our team of financial developers carry an extensive experience in building secure, intelligent applications that make the process of making payments in installments easier. What makes us a trusted name when it comes to building an out of the box solution is our expertise in stepping into users' shoes while keeping an eye out for the regulatory limitations. If you too are looking for a partner that will keep both worlds on priority, we are the people. Get in touch.
Sudeep Srivastava
Co-Founder and Director
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Cold Case - Delitti irrisolti (Cold Case) è una serie televisiva statunitense prodotta dal 2003 al 2010. Le vicende della serie ruotano attorno alle indagini di una fittizia divisione della polizia di Filadelfia, guidata dalla detective Lilly Rush e specializzata in casi irrisolti.

La serie è stata trasmessa in prima visione negli Stati Uniti da CBS. In Italia è trasmessa in chiaro da Rai 2, e a pagamento da Fox Life e Premium Crime.

Trama
Lilly Rush è una giovane e determinata detective della squadra omicidi di Filadelfia. Accettando la proposta del suo capo, il tenente John Stillman, legato a lei quasi come un padre putativo, entra a far parte nella sezione cold case, specializzata nell'indagare su crimini rimasti da tempo insoluti. Della speciale squadra fanno parte gli investigatori Scotty Valens, nuovo partner di Lilly, Nick Vera, dal carattere burbero ma con un forte senso di giustizia, e Will Jeffries, veterano della polizia, che ha racchiusi nella sua memoria molti vecchi indizi e conoscenze.

Episodi
Il 18 maggio 2010, la CBS ha ufficialmente cancellato la serie, che si è conclusa dopo sette stagioni.

Personaggi e interpreti

Personaggi principali
 Lilly Rush (stagioni 1-7), interpretata da Kathryn Morris, doppiata da Chiara Colizzi.Rush è la detective a cui vengono affidati i casi. È single, vive con due gatti e ha difficoltà ad avere una vita sociale. È una donna forte che non si fa intimorire. Lilly non ha avuto un'infanzia facile: sua madre era un'alcolizzata e ha una sorella, Christina, dal passato problematico.
 Scotty Valens (stagioni 1-7), interpretato da Danny Pino, doppiato da Andrea Ward.Valens entra nella squadra di Lilly a partire dal 6º episodio della prima stagione, anche se inizialmente controvoglia, come nuovo partner di Lilly al posto di Lassing. È stato legato a una ragazza di nome Elisa, afflitta da seri problemi psichiatrici (Elisa è morta, si sospetta, suicidandosi), e successivamente ha frequentato Christina, la problematica sorella di Lilly. È fieramente schierato contro i pedofili a causa delle molestie subite in gioventù dal fratello. Attualmente ha il cuore libero.
 John Stillman (stagioni 1-7), interpretato da John Finn, doppiato da Fabrizio Temperini.Stillman è un tenente di polizia, capo di Lilly, colui che le affida i casi e supervisiona il suo lavoro. È un reduce del Vietnam. Ha un ottimo rapporto con tutto il gruppo e nonostante faccia sempre rispettare le sue decisioni è sempre aperto a consigli. Lilly ha con lui un rapporto confidenziale.
 Nick Vera (stagioni 1-7), interpretato da Jeremy Ratchford, doppiato da Pasquale Anselmo.Vera, ispettore dalla stazza veramente considerevole, lavora con Lilly e riesce spesso a intimorire e a fare confessare i sospettati. Nonostante le apparenze è una persona sensibile.
 Will Jeffries (stagioni 1-7), interpretato da Thom Barry, doppiato da Massimo Corvo (stagioni 1-5) e da Paolo Marchese (stagioni 6-7).Jeffries è il detective più anziano del dipartimento, e spesso è di aiuto nelle indagini perché ha vissuto in prima persona i casi che si apprestano a riaprire.
 Kat Miller (stagioni 3-7), interpretata da Tracie Thoms, doppiata da Laura Lenghi.È una detective della narcotici che entra in contatto con la squadra di Lilly perché, durante una sua indagine, si imbatte in prove che potrebbero riaprire un caso del passato. In seguito, il tenente Stillman propone a Kat di entrare a far parte della squadra di Lilly, e lei accetta. Ha una figlia, che cresce da sola e a cui è molto legata.

Personaggi secondari
 Chris Lassing (stagione 1), interpretato da Justin Chambers, doppiato da Fabio Boccanera.Lassing è il partner di Lilly nei primi 4 episodi della prima stagione. Ha lasciato la squadra a causa dei suoi problemi di salute: Chris soffre infatti di diabete.
 Josie Sutton (stagione 3), interpretata da Sarah Brown, doppiata da Francesca Fiorentini.Sutton è una detective che, a causa del suo burrascoso passato all'interno della polizia, per punizione viene trasferita nella squadra di Lilly.

Produzione
Per alcuni anni tra Stati Uniti e Canada si protrasse una diatriba tra Cold Case, nata nel 2003, e la precedente Cold Squad, creata nel 1998. Da un lato, la casa di produzione canadese rivendicò la paternità e l'anzianità del format rispetto a quella statunitense; dall'altro, gli americani ribadirono invece che la loro era una serie a sé stante, e quindi nulla era dovuto ai canadesi. Ciò nacque dal fatto che, alcuni particolari, fecero pensare a Cold Case come a una impropria rivisitazione di Cold Squad in salsa yankee: la protagonista della serie statunitense, la detective Lilly Rush, appare molto simile, sia fisicamente che caratterialmente, alla sergente Ali McCormick, la protagonista di Cold Squad; è lo stesso l'argomento trattato, i casi irrisolti, e alcuni episodi sembrano somigliarsi sia nella trama che nei protagonisti

Cast

Justin Chambers, interprete del detective Chris Lassing, lasciò la serie dopo quattro episodi per dedicarsi ad altri progetti lavorativi. Venne quindi presto sostituito in pianta stabile da Danny Pino, subentrato nel cast principale con il ruolo del detective Scotty Valens.

All'inizio della terza stagione i produttori decisero di introdurre un nuovo personaggio nella serie. La scelta cadde sull'attrice Sarah Brown, scritturata per ricoprire i panni di Josie Sutton, personaggio pensato per entrare nel cast principale dello show. Tuttavia la new entry non incontrò il favore del pubblico, così dopo quattro episodi i produttori allontanarono la Brown dalla serie, sostituendola di fatto dopo pochi episodi con Tracie Thoms nel ruolo della detective Kat Miller.

Colonna sonora
Una tra le peculiarità della serie è quella di proporre, nel corso dei frequenti flashback, alcune tra le canzoni più celebri del periodo in cui si collocano i fatti relativi alle varie indagini. La colonna sonora è quindi parte integrante del racconto narrativo di Cold Case, facendo da trait d'union nella trama dello show — altresì molto frammentaria e discontinua, nonché ricca di balzi temporali — e in particolar modo nei momenti d'investigazione, quasi guidando gli spettatori nei frequenti passaggi dal presente al passato.

Espedienti narrativi
Ogni episodio di Cold Case inizia con un flashback ambientato nell'anno in cui è avvenuto il crimine. Viene poi presentata una serie di personaggi, tra cui la futura vittima, in una situazione generalmente serena. A questo punto viene mostrato il momento del ritrovamento del corpo, e la successiva archiviazione del caso da parte degli investigatori che lavorarono all'indagine. La narrazione si sposta quindi al giorno d'oggi, quando gli investigatori della squadra omicidi della polizia di Filadelfia riaprono un caso rimasto irrisolto da tempo solo per alcuni motivi:

vengono scoperte nuove prove;
vengono ritrovati i resti della vittima;
un testimone decide di parlare.

La riapertura del caso porta gli investigatori a riesaminarlo sotto un'altra luce, iniziando ad acquisire informazioni sull'accaduto e sulla vittima interrogando le persone che erano in qualche modo legate a essa. L'analisi preliminare si svolge solitamente nell'archivio del dipartimento, dove vengono custodite le vecchie prove e fascicoli inerenti al caso. Per ogni interrogatorio viene mostrato un flashback ambientato nell'anno in cui è avvenuto il crimine, che aggiunge qualche informazione sull'accaduto. Gradualmente gli investigatori raccolgono abbastanza elementi per determinare l'assassino che, per la maggior parte delle volte, viene arrestato.

Alla fine di ogni episodio gli investigatori riportano in archivio la scatola del caso con i fascicoli e le prove per indicare che esso è stato risolto, e, sul coperchio, viene apposta la scritta «Closed» (chiuso). Nel frattempo vengono mostrate le persone coinvolte al momento dell'arresto o del congedo con gli investigatori, mentre ricordano la vittima. Caratteristica dei finali è sempre la comparsa della vittima con le sembianze e i vestiti che aveva all'età del decesso; spesso appare qualche istante prima della chiusura, come fosse un fantasma, a Lilly o a un altro personaggio a cui era legato prima di morire, in atteggiamento di saluto o sorridente come per ringraziare gli investigatori o per augurare buona fortuna, per poi allontanarsi e sfumare.

Crossover
Nell'episodio Dieci anni dopo della terza stagione di CSI: NY, Scotty Valens viaggia fino a New York quando scopre che la detective Stella Bonasera è collegata a un vecchio caso irrisolto. Cold Case è stata la prima serie "esterna", cioè non facente parte del franchise di CSI - Scena del crimine, che ha avuto un crossover con una delle serie dell'universo CSI, entrambe prodotte da Jerry Bruckheimer.

Note

Voci correlate
 Analisi dei casi a pista fredda

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Serie televisive ambientate a Filadelfia
Serie televisive di CBS Studios
Serie televisive di Warner Bros. Television

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Official site Clash Of Warship cheat world: welcome, commander! In the game, you will operate a base and battle for control of the oceans! How lucky! Huge oil reserves were discovered beneath your base. Build oil rigs to start extracting. When the countdown is over, the building will be completed. Use the oil to construct a battleship dock and start building your navy! Use premium supply coupons to obtain high grade materials and fighters.
Commander, the enemy has been acting suspiciously. Go to battle and sharpen your skills. Deploy a team before battle begins. Warship strength, weakness relationships can greatly affect the tide of battle. Please select your formations wisely. Besides flagship carrier, every player can bring a maximum of 3 fighters and 6 warships. Warship's range is 1 spaces and only attacks directly in front. If target's destroyed, the ship in the rear becomes the new target.
Fighters excel at deep combat and cannot be destroyed. It is worth nothing be destroyed. It is worth nothing that different fighters have different attack ranges. If durability becomes 0, it cannot battle anymore and has to be repaired at the maintenance plant. As a landing platform, carriers are unable to attack by themselves. If your carrier's durability is reduced to 0, you are considered to have lost the battle. Aircraft and warships will attack enemy units in sequence until one side's carrier has 0 HP.
The three warship types have strengths and weaknesses against each other. Warships deal 25% bonus damage to ships weak against them. Destroyers beat battleships, battleships beat cruisers, and cruisers > destroyers. Understanding this triangle will help you become an outstanding commander. Upgrade your carrier to improve its performance in battle.
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This report provides a summary of the key solvency information of the main life and non-life insurance entities in the Netherlands based on Solvency and Financial Condition Reports as per year-end 2017.
This report provides a summary of the key solvency information on the main life and non-life insurance entities in Luxembourg based on Solvency and Financial Condition Reports as per year-end 2017.
This report is a summary of the Solvency and Financial Condition Reports for the main players in the life, non-life and health insurance business in Belgium, focussing on a subset of insurers in the Belgian market.
This report analyses the European life insurance market, covering 200 companies from 13 countries and representing approximately £422 billion of Gross Written Premium and approximately £4,175 billion of gross Technical Provisions.
This report summarises the Solvency and Financial Condition Reports of the main players in the life and non-life insurance business in Luxembourg.
This report focuses on the quantitative information contained in the Quantitative Reporting Templates with the Solvency and Financial Condition Reports (SFCRs) and also studies the text within SFCRs to gain additional insight into various companies, in particular those that displayed characteristics that differed materially from the market average.
This analysis compares the information provided in the Quantitative Reporting Templates and the Solvency and Financial Condition Reports to see if there are any conclusions about the balance sheets and risk exposures of European health insurers.
A summary of findings on the Transitional Measure on Technical Provisions (TMTP relief) and views on different approaches to recalculating the TMTP relief and the associated key issues and challenges.
This article provides a short overview of the structure of the Standard Formula, presents a suggested framework and worked examples, and discusses challenges and pitfalls to be considered.
The Solvency II Appraisal Value provides a workable methodology for use in M&A transactions, which is aligned with the way that investors generally view potential target companies.


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When it comes to quality with compression the name dbx comes to mind. As a sister company to DigiTech, we were able to incorporate studio quality dbx OverEasy compression technology that provides near-transparent compression, and delivers long, real-sounding sustain for your guitar. No more having to worry about choppy compression release and sustain problems found on other pedals. And with the added EQ control, you can perfectly tune your compressed sound so you won't have the thin and lifeless compression that people have come to expect from other pedals.
The Main Squeeze™ compression/ sustainer pedal avoids those choppy compression release and sustain problems found on other pedals. It does this by incorporating studio-quality dbx® OverEasy™ compression technology that provides near-transparent compression, and delivers long, real-sounding sustain for your guitar. And you no longer have to grit your teeth hoping a ragged release doesn't suddenly chop up the tail of a sustained note, or have to endure a compression that makes notes sound thin and lifeless. You even get an EQ control so you can perfectly tune your compressed sound, which is especially useful for guitar. Controls feature Level, Attack, EQ, and Sustain. Outputs feature Output and Tuner Out.


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text:
#pragma once

#ifndef RESTC_CPP_BODY_H_
#define RESTC_CPP_BODY_H_

#include "restc-cpp/error.h"
#include "restc-cpp/DataWriter.h"

namespace restc_cpp {

/*! The body of the request. */
class RequestBody {
public:
    enum class Type {
        /// Typically a string or a file
        FIXED_SIZE,

        /// Use GetData() to pull for data
        CHUNKED_LAZY_PULL,

        /// User will push directly to the data writer
        CHUNKED_LAZY_PUSH,
    };

    virtual ~RequestBody() = default;

    virtual Type GetType() const noexcept = 0;

    /*! Typically the value of the content-length header */
    virtual std::uint64_t GetFixedSize() const {
        throw NotImplementedException("GetFixedSize()");
    }

    /*! Returns true if we added data */
    virtual bool GetData(write_buffers_t& buffers) {
        throw NotImplementedException("GetFixedSize()");
    }

    virtual void PushData(DataWriter& writer) {
        throw NotImplementedException("GetFixedSize()");
    }

    // For unit testing
    virtual std::string GetCopyOfData() const {
        return {};
    }

    /*! Set the body up for a new run.
        *
        * This is typically done if request fails and the client wants
        * to re-try.
        */
    virtual void Reset() {
        ;
    }

    /*! Create a body with a string in it */
    static std::unique_ptr<RequestBody> CreateStringBody(std::string body);

    /*! Create a body from a file
     *
     * This will effectively upload the file.
     */
    static std::unique_ptr<RequestBody> CreateFileBody(
        boost::filesystem::path path);
};

} // restc_cpp

#endif // RESTC_CPP_BODY_H_


text:
Q: Overview of the different types of mixing sequences I have come across the terms strong mixing, $\alpha$-mixing, $\beta$-mixing, $\phi$-mixing, $\rho$-mixing. Could somebody please compile an answer that would summarize their definition in some clear and unified way, the relationships between these different types of mixing, some intuition about them, their application domain, or why they are natural/interesting to consider. This question aims at becoming a starting point for anyone interested in this topic.

A: Bradley (2005) "Basic Properties of Strong Mixing Conditions: A Survey and Some Open Questions" and his subsequent entry "Strong mixing conditions" in the Springer Encyclopedia of Mathematics are very readable introductions to the subject. The core idea is that there are processes where as time elapses, future events can be regarded as "increasingly independent" from the past events. The different definitions of mixing refer to different formalisations of "increasingly independent".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Stadion Hostel Helsinki boasts a convenient location in the city of Helsinki and sits right next to the Helsinki Olympic Stadium. Some other nearby attractions that tourists may wish to visit include the Seurasarri Open-Air Museum, Temppeliaukion Kirkko, and the Suurkirkko. Parking is available for guests driving to the Stadion Hostel Helsinki.
The guestrooms in the Stadion Hostel Helsinki are large, spacious dormitories that overlook the Helsinki park. Non-smoking rooms are available.
This property was originally built in 1938 and offers economic accommodations to travelers in Helsinki. Upon arriving, guests can check in at the 24-hour reception desk and then head to their comfortable rooms. Guests can start off each day with a meal in the breakfast room, and can enjoy meals throughout the day in the cafeteria (which also offers access to the Stadion Hostel Helsinki's wireless LAN network). Business travelers can make use of the hotel's business center throughout their stay. After returning from an eventful day, tourists can unwind in the TV lounge before retiring to their room for the night.


The shade of it all! 90 Day Fiancé fans are just now realizing how toxic Jesse Meester and Darcey Silva's relationship is on Season 2 of 90 Day Fiancé: Before the 90 Days. Even though it seems like it's safe to say that Darcey and Jesse are not still together because they've both been absent from each other's social media for quite some time, Jesse is finally speaking out about his split in a recent podcast interview — and he even hinted at the reason why he and Darcey broke up.
Jesse went on to explain that as he went on to get to know Darcey more, he started to realize that she had been allegedly lying about her life as a fashion designer and her career in the entertainment industry. He also hinted that the image that's currently being portrayed of him on the show as a controlling boyfriend is also not true.


text:
»Department of Safety and Professional Services (SPS)
»Chs. SPS 301-399 ; Safety, Buildings, and Environment
»Chs. SPS 301-319; General, Part I
»Chapter SPS 305
Alert! This chapter may be affected by an emergency rule:
EmR2023
SPS 305.323(9)(e)4. 4. The original or a copy of all manufactured home purchase contracts, purchase orders and invoices. The records shall also include a copy of form SBD-10687 as additional evidence of the sale as well as information regarding collection of sales tax and Wisconsin title and registration fees, if applicable.
SPS 305.323(9)(e)5. 5. A record of every manufactured home bought, sold, exchanged, consigned, or listed that includes the following information: date acquired, acquired from name and address, new or used, year, model and identification number, date sold or disposed of, disposed of or sold to name and address.
SPS 305.323(9)(f) (f) Maintenance of records. The records under par. (e) shall be maintained for 5 years. The records shall be open to inspection and copying by the department during reasonable business hours.
SPS 305.323(10) (10) Renewal.
SPS 305.323(10)(a) (a)
SPS 305.323(10)(a)1.1. A person may renew his or her manufactured home dealer license.
SPS 305.323(10)(a)2. 2. A manufactured home dealer license shall be renewed in accordance with s. SPS 305.07.
SPS 305.323(10)(b) (b) The renewal of a license as a manufactured home dealer shall be contingent upon the applicant providing the information required under sub. (2) (d).
SPS 305.323 History History: CR 04-134: cr. Register June 2005 No. 594, eff. 7-1-05; CR 06-031: am. (1) Register October 2006 No. 610, eff. 11-1-06; CR 06-071: r. and recr. (6) (f), am. (6) (h) Register November 2006 No. 611, eff. 12-1-06; CR 11-020: am. (6) (e) (intro.), (i) (intro.), (7) (b), renum. (6) (e) 4., (f) to (g) to be (6) (f), (g) to (k), Register December 2011 No. 672, eff. 1-1-12; correction in (2) (a), (b), (c), (3) (a), (10) (a) 2. made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register December 2011 No. 672.
SPS 305.325 SPS 305.325 Manufactured home salesperson.
SPS 305.325(1)(1) General. Under s. 101.952 (1), Stats., no person may engage in the business of selling manufactured homes to a consumer or to the retail market unless the person holds a license issued by the department as a licensed manufactured home salesperson. A manufactured home dealer who acts as a manufactured home salesperson shall secure a manufactured home salesperson license in addition to the manufactured home dealer license.
SPS 305.325(2) (2) Application for license. A person applying for a manufactured home salesperson license shall submit all of the following:
SPS 305.325(2)(a) (a) An application in accordance with s. SPS 305.01.
SPS 305.325(2)(b) (b) An application fee and a license fee in accordance with s. SPS 305.02, Table 305.02.
SPS 305.325(3) (3) Qualifications for license. A person applying for a manufactured home salesperson license shall hold a manufactured home dealer license issued by the department or shall be employed by a person who holds a manufactured home dealer license issued by the department.
SPS 305.325(4) (4) Responsibilities.
SPS 305.325(4)(a) (a) A person who holds a manufactured home salesperson license shall comply with the responsibilities under ss. 101.952 (3), and 101.953, Stats.
SPS 305.325 Note Note: Section 101.952 (3), Stats., indicates that every licensee shall carry his or her license when engaged in his or her business and display the same upon request.
SPS 305.325(4)(b) (b) A person who holds a manufactured home salesperson license shall comply with the provisions under s. SPS 305.323 that apply to a licensee.
SPS 305.325(5) (5) Invalid license. A manufactured home salesperson license shall remain valid until one of the following conditions occur:
SPS 305.325(5)(a) (a) The manufactured home salesperson is not employed by a person who holds a manufactured home dealer license issued by the department.
SPS 305.325(5)(b) (b) The department suspends or revokes the manufactured home salesperson's license.
SPS 305.325(6) (6) Renewal.
SPS 305.325(6)(a) (a) A person may renew his or her manufactured home salesperson license.
SPS 305.325(6)(b) (b) A manufactured home salesperson license shall be renewed in accordance with s. SPS 305.07.
SPS 305.325 History History: CR 04-134: cr. Register June 2005 No. 594, eff. 7-1-05; CR 06-071: am. (4) (a) Register November 2006 No. 611, eff. 12-1-06; CR 11-020: renum. (1) (a)to be (1), renum. (5) (a) (intro.), 1., 4. to be (5) (intro.), (a), (b) and am., r. (1) (b), (5) (a) 2., 3., (b), Register December 2011 No. 672, eff. 1-1-12; correction in (2) (a), (b), (4) (b), (6) (b) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register December 2011 No. 672.
SPS 305.327 SPS 305.327 Manufactured home installer.
SPS 305.327(1)(1) General.
SPS 305.327(1)(a)(a) Except as provided in par. (b), beginning on January 1, 2007, pursuant to s. 101.96, Stats., no person may install a manufactured home onto a foundation or other support system unless the person complies with one of the following conditions:
SPS 305.327(1)(a)1. 1. The person holds a license issued by the department as a licensed manufactured home installer.
SPS 305.327(1)(a)2. 2. The person is under the general supervision of another person who holds a license issued by the department as a licensed manufactured home installer.
SPS 305.327(1)(b) (b)
SPS 305.327(1)(b)1.1. The owner of a manufactured home who will reside in the home may install his or her own manufactured home without holding a license as a licensed manufactured home installer. This exemption does not apply to the owner who contracts for or otherwise arranges for the installation.
SPS 305.327(1)(b)2. 2. A person is not required to hold a license as a licensed manufactured home installer for electrical, plumbing or HVAC work associated with the installation of a manufactured home.
SPS 305.327 Note Note: There may be other state or local licensing requirements involved in the installation of manufactured homes.
SPS 305.327(2) (2) Qualifications for license. A person applying for a manufactured home installer license shall comply with all of the following conditions:
SPS 305.327(2)(a) (a) The person is at least 18 years old.
SPS 305.327(2)(b) (b) The person has not been found responsible in any judicial or administrative forum for any violation of s. 101.96, Stats., during the 2 years before the date on which the person's license application is submitted.
SPS 305.327(2)(c) (c) The person has not been found responsible in any judicial or administrative forum during the 2 years before the date on which the person's license application is submitted for any failure to perform an installation of a manufactured home as required under contract or for defrauding any person with regard to the provision of installation services.
SPS 305.327(3) (3) Application for license. A person may apply for a license as a licensed manufactured home installer by submitting an application, an application fee and the license fee in accordance with ss. SPS 305.01 and 305.02 and one of the following:
SPS 305.327(3)(a) (a) Evidence that the person holds a manufactured home installer license issued by the federal department of housing and urban development.
SPS 305.327(3)(b) (b) Evidence that the person holds a manufactured home installer license issued by a state administrative agency (SAA) that has an installer licensing program that is equivalent to the rules under this section.
SPS 305.327(3)(c) (c) Evidence that the person has completed at least 12 hours in an approved course or courses in the installation of manufactured homes within one year prior to the date of application. The course or courses shall include instruction in at least the following subject matter and one or more tests on the subject matter:
SPS 305.327(3)(c)1. 1. Soil mechanics.
SPS 305.327(3)(c)2. 2. Site preparation.
SPS 305.327(3)(c)3. 3. Structural support, stabilization and anchorage.
SPS 305.327(3)(c)4. 4. Setting.
SPS 305.327(3)(c)5. 5. Ventilation of crawl spaces.
SPS 305.327(3)(c)6. 6. Connections, plumbing, electrical, HVAC.
SPS 305.327(3)(c)7. 7. Joining of home sections.
SPS 305.327(4) (4) Responsibilities. A person who installs or supervises the installation of manufactured homes as a licensed manufactured home installer shall be responsible for compliance with the installation requirements in ch. SPS 321.
SPS 305.327(5)(a) (a)
SPS 305.327(5)(a)1.1. A person may renew his or her license as a manufactured home installer.
SPS 305.327(5)(a)2. 2. A manufactured home installer license shall be renewed in accordance with s. SPS 305.07.
SPS 305.327(5)(b)1.1. The renewal of a license as a manufactured home installer shall be contingent upon the manufactured home installer obtaining at least 12 hours of acceptable continuing education prior to the expiration date of the license as specified in s. SPS 305.08 and Table 305.06, except as provided in subd. 2.
SPS 305.327(5)(b)2. 2. A person who holds a license as a manufactured home installer may apply to the department for waiver of the continuing education requirements under subd. 1. on the grounds of prolonged illness or disability or similar circumstances. Each application for waiver shall be considered individually on its merits by the department.
SPS 305.327(5)(c) (c) The renewal of a license as a manufactured home installer shall be contingent upon all of the following conditions:
SPS 305.327(5)(c)1. 1. The person has not been found responsible in any judicial or administrative forum for any violation of s. 101.96, Stats., during the previous 2 years.
SPS 305.327(5)(c)2. 2. The person has not been found responsible in any judicial or administrative forum during the previous 2 years for any failure to perform an installation of a manufactured home as required under contract or for defrauding any person with regard to the provision of installation services.
SPS 305.327 History History: CR 06-071: cr. Register November 2006 No. 611, eff. 12-1-06; correction in (4) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats., Register July 2007 No. 619; CR 08-110: r. (3) (b), renum. (3) (a) and (4) to be (3) and (4) (a), cr. (4) (b) Register September 2009 No. 645, eff. 10-1-09; correction to renumber of (3) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 1., Stats., Register September 2009 No. 645; correction in (3) (intro.), (4) (a), (b), (5) (a) 2., (b) 1. made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register December 2011 No. 672; CR 14-010: am. (5) (b) 1. Register August 2014 No. 704, eff. 9-1-14; CR 19-118: renum. (4) (a) to (4), r. (4) (b) Register May 2020 No. 772, eff. 6-1-20.
SPS 305.33 SPS 305.33 Soil testers.
SPS 305.33(1)(1) General. Pursuant to s. 145.045, Stats., no person may conduct soil evaluations relative to the discharge or disposal of liquid domestic wastes into the soil unless the person holds a certification issued by the department as a certified soil tester.
SPS 305.33(2) (2) Application for examination. A person applying to take a soil tester certification examination shall submit all of the following:
SPS 305.33(2)(a) (a) An application in accordance with s. SPS 305.01.
SPS 305.33(2)(b) (b) An application fee and examination fee specified in s. SPS 305.02, Table 305.02.
SPS 305.33(3) (3) Qualifications for examination. A person applying to take a soil tester certification examination shall be at least 18 years old.
SPS 305.33(4) (4) Examination. A person seeking to obtain a soil tester certification shall take and pass an examination in accordance with s. SPS 305.09.
SPS 305.33(5) (5) Application for certification. Upon notification of the successful passage of the examination for soil tester certification, a person may obtain the certification by submitting an application and a certification fee in accordance with ss. SPS 305.01 and 305.09 (7) (c).
SPS 305.33(6) (6) Responsibilities. A certified soil tester who, as an employee of a local governmental unit is responsible for administering regulations governing private onsite wastewater treatment systems may not provide soil evaluations relative to the design, installation or maintenance of private onsite wastewater treatment systems within the boundaries of the local governmental unit and adjacent local governmental units.
SPS 305.33(7) (7) Renewal.
SPS 305.33(7)(a) (a)
SPS 305.33(7)(a)1.1. A person may renew his or her certification as a soil tester.
SPS 305.33(7)(a)2. 2. A soil tester certification shall be renewed in accordance with s. SPS 305.07.
SPS 305.33(7)(b) (b)
SPS 305.33(7)(b)1.1. The renewal of a certification as a certified soil tester shall be contingent upon the soil tester obtaining at least 12 hours of acceptable continuing education prior to the expiration date of the certification as specified in s. SPS 305.08 and Table 305.06, except as provided in subd. 2.
SPS 305.33(7)(b)2. 2. A person who holds a certification as a certified soil tester may apply to the department for waiver of the continuing education requirements under subd. 1. on the grounds of prolonged illness or disability or similar circumstances. Each application for waiver shall be considered individually on its merits by the department.
SPS 305.33 History History: Cr. Register, October, 1996, No. 490, eff. 11-1-96; am. (1), (5) and (7) (b), Register, April, 2000, No. 532, eff. 5-1-00; CR 03-075: r. and recr. (7) (b) 1. Register June 2004 No. 582, eff. 8-1-04; CR 08-110: r. and recr. (7) (b) 1. Register September 2009 No. 645, eff. 10-1-09; CR 09-021: am. (6) Register November 2009 No. 647, eff. 12-1-09; correction in (2) (a), (b), (4), (5), (7) (a) 2., (b) 1. made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register December 2011 No. 672; CR 14-010: am. (7) (b) 1. Register August 2014 No. 704.
SPS 305.34 SPS 305.34 Welders.
SPS 305.34(1)(1) General. No person may perform structural steel welding under chs. SPS 334 and 361 to 366 unless the person holds a registration issued by the department as a registered welder.
SPS 305.34(2) (2) Application for registration. A person applying for a welder registration shall submit all of the following:
SPS 305.34(2)(b) (b) An application fee and registration fee in accordance with s. SPS 305.02, Table 305.02.
SPS 305.34(3) (3) Qualifications for registration.
SPS 305.34(3)(a)(a) The person applying for a welder registration shall have taken and passed, not more than one year before the date the application is received by the department, one or more welding tests in accordance with the following standards:
SPS 305.34(3)(a)1. 1. American Welding Society D 1.1, section 4, part C.
SPS 305.34(3)(a)2. 2. American Welding Society D1.2, section 3, part D.
/code/admin_code/sps/safety_and_buildings_and_environment/301_319/305 true administrativecode /code/admin_code/sps/safety_and_buildings_and_environment/301_319/305/iii/327/1/a/1 Department of Safety and Professional Services (SPS) Chs. SPS 301-399 ; Safety, Buildings, and Environment administrativecode/SPS 305.327(1)(a)1. administrativecode/SPS 305.327(1)(a)1. section true

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A lot of things impact a patient's perception of a healthcare facility, shaped by all the pieces they experience during their visit. That experience starts before they ever meet their medical practitioner; it starts the moment they put on their patient gown. As they wait for their doctor, they'll notice the cleanliness of their healthcare bed linen in Chicago, IL, or even the staff's scrubs. All those details play a part in making their experience as positive and comfortable as possible, especially as they may be stressed going through an uncomfortable procedure or waiting for a test result.
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text:
Q: Getting started with Swing? I'm new to Swing programming and would like to find an Open Source Swing poject that can help me get up to speed.  Any suggestions?

A: Before jumping in and trying to understand a project, why not go through the Sun Java tutorial and get some understanding of Swing, then start to do some small projects on your own. Once you are familiar with the framework then you would be able to better understand some open-source projects, IMO.
I haven't looked at the code, but this could be an enjoyable project to help with:
http://ostatic.com/croftsoft

A: How about OpenSwing?

OpenSwing is an open-source suite of advanced graphics components based on Swing toolkit: these components are more sophisticated than those provided with Swing and can be manipulated directly inside the UI designer of the IDE.
It is also a framework that provides data binding mechanism between components and data model, based on the MVC paradigm. Data model is based on Java Beans (POJOs) and it is supported in all OpenSwing components, such as grid control, tree control or generic controls container.


© Tom Jackson | All rights reserved.
In 1981, a camera was invented that would win the hearts of photographers and artists from around the world. Although it would never fulfill the purpose for which it was created, the Holga would be rapidly elevated to cult status amongst those who appreciate the aesthetic potentialities of a camera that produces completely unpredictable results.
Designed by T.M. Lee of Universal Electronics, Hong Kong and first released outside of China in 1982, this small camera had large aspirations. With its minimal design and largely plastic construction, the aim was to make medium-format photography affordable for working-class families across China. However, the rapid adoption of the more consumer-orientated 35mm format made the camera largely obselete before it had even left the drawing board.
Rather than fading into insignificance however, the Holga found a new audience of visual artists that would guarantee the production and development of the camera until 2015. It is the unpredictability of the Holga that so excites the creative mind. Light leaks, mis-focusing, warped film, internal reflections, wild vignetting and point-and-pray exposures all create unique results with every shutter actuation.
This project is a celebration of the unlikely success story of the Holga. Thirty years from it's invention, the camera has been returned to it's birthplace, assembling a collection of images that represent the diversity of the region. The results are dream-like and atemporal, half-remembered and hypnagogic. The camera reveals itself to be an unreliable narrator, producing images that could have emerged at any time since the advent of colour photography.
The images shown here represent a small sample of a much larger collection that is currently being developed into a book.


No Idea Why, But Blogger Not Allowing Picture Uploads Right Now?
It's hard to believe that I'm going to be initiating this run in a little over thirteen hours from now. The last four weeks of my life have been a bit of a blur and though I still haven't posted my West Coast Trail Tail it is about 40% complete.
To be completely honest about stuff right now, I'm nowhere near 100% for this thing, and if it were a genuine race I'd be really concerned about having to pull one outta the hat. Thankfully, though a speed attempt, I know I can suffer through it and still make this thing happen. It is rare that we are ever 100% heading into an event anyways, and with a distance this great it ends up being way more mental than physical.
On that note, unless things go way better than expected, this will be the first time I've gone over the 24hr barrier while strictly running. My adventure racing background will serve me well on this one.
If this trail were hard packed and well marked I'd wager to say it could be doable in under 24hr...but that's not the type of terrain I'll be dealing with here in Newfoundland. Though the scenery will be stunning, with sea stacks, sheer cliff side drops, lighthouses, blow holes, and even possible ice bergs and as of late Killer Whales! This will be a true adventure.
Having spoken with Ray Zahab himself and doing some online searching I've been told to expect sections of 'no distinguishable trail', mud and bog potentially thigh deep, and moose paths that often appear as running trails. Hopefully I don't end up running in circles once the sun sets. I've also decided to delay the start by two hours till 6am, as a pre sunlight start might end up being more of a hindrance than a help.
All in all, it's amazing to be sharing this one with my family. My mother has never seen me run before and she's so excited she's been cooking non stop all day long...just in case I decide to stop for a buffet style feed along the way. Dad has already poured over the maps and listed all the best and worst case scenarios, and my brother is nervously awaiting his pacing duties, which will involve joining me for the last 20-30km...he has never run longer than 9km before. My fourteen year old niece is looking forward to trying to stay awake for 30+ hours for the very first time, and my brother's girlfriend is just as worried about him as she is about me!
With support like this, there is simply no possible way that I can't and won't succeed on this journey. Sure I would have liked a few more days to prepare properly, sure I have some injuries that will likely act up, sure I'm about to tackle something I've never even attempted before, but in the end, that's really what it's all about?
It's about pushing your boundaries and exploring your own limitless human potential. For no matter what the obstacles before you may appear to be, they are never quite as difficult or as daunting you can make them out to be in your own head.
I am ready. I am excited. Let's get this thing started!


text:
India, Nepal agree to broaden vistas of cooperation
The HawkThu, 6 Jan 2022 1641474005000
New Delhi, Jan 6 (IANS) India and Nepal will continue with their mutual cooperation in development partnership and Covid collaboration, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar said on Thursday after speaking to his Nepal counterpart Narayan Khadka over a New Year call.
Both countries have also agreed to broaden the vistas of cooperation, said the Union minister.
"Just finished a New Year call with FM Dr. Narayan Khadka of Nepal. Was an opportunity to recognize progress on so many fronts. Our Development Partnership and Covid collaboration have been noteworthy. Agreed to broaden the vistas of our cooperation," Jaishankar tweeted.
Since the beginning of the Vaccine Maitri Programme in January 2021, India has supplied 723.435 lakh doses to 94 countries and two UN entities in the form of grant, commercial export or through COVAX, a worldwide initiative aimed at equitable access to Covid vaccines.
After holding vaccine exports for some time to cater to domestic demand first, India has supplied vaccine doses to several countries, including Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Iran, Paraguay and Indonesia.
As far as Nepal is concerned, India supplied 51.57 lakhs doses of vaccine to the Himalayan nation till December, 2021.
Indian firms are the biggest investors in Nepal, accounting for about 40 per cent of total approved foreign direct investments. Some large Indian investors include ITC, Dabur India, Hindustan Unilever, VSNL, TCIL, MTNL, SBI, PNB, LIC, Asian Paints, CONCOR, GMR India, Bhushan Group and Tata Power, among others.
There are about 150 operating Indian ventures in Nepal. They are engaged in manufacturing, services (banking, insurance, dry port, education and telecom), power sector and tourism industries.
Till July 15, 2013, the government of Nepal had approved a total of 2,652 foreign investment projects with proposed FDI of Rs 6,325.50 crore. Indian ventures led the list with 566 projects and proposed FDI of Rs 2,539.2 crore.


Re-posted from Howard's Archaeodeath blog.
Last year, Dr Keith Ray and I explored the line of Wat's Dyke around Holywell and Basingwerk, Flintshire. Recently, I went back to explore Wat's Dyke at its significant northernmost section in more detail. I came to some further (and I think rather significant) observations regarding how the Dyke is behaving as it navigates the Greenfield Valley.
What Keith and I failed to do was explore in detail the surviving line of the dyke in the Greenfield Valley as it ascends from Basingwerk south up a south-east side of the valley towards the upland around Holywell called The Strand. Here, in Strand Coed (Strand Wood), the Dyke isn't identified with surety.
Wat's Dyke was until recently visible as a partially levelled bank with deep W. ditch, 150 years in length, on high ground E. of Holywell, known as the Strand. The construction of a row of cottages has caused the ditch to be filled in for use as a roadway, but traces of the bank still survive. There is now no visible evidence of the Dyke on its traditional line northward from the Strand along Strand Walk, but the alignment of this Walk on to the point where the tiny valley of the Strand becomes a ravine is very suggestive of its former existence.
So Fox argues that the path known as Strand Walk might follow the line of the dyke from the relatively flat upland area east of the Greenfield Valley where it is heading for the Bagillt Brook – the Strand – northwards as it descends down into the Greenfield Valley.
Well, I agree with Fox that there is no demonstrable trace of the dyke in terms of bank or ditch. However, the line of the Walk he describes is unquestionably a notch below the top of the slope that is a very good candidate for having previously been the line of the ditch. The bank, if it had ever existed, would have been the slope itself, and at the top of the slope where the modern field boundary runs.
So I would suggest that Fox is overcautious in his determination here, and the Walk is in fact following the ditch of the dyke as it navigates the east side of the ravine at a consistent c. 2.5-3m vertically downslope of the top of the ridge. We can look at this another way: there is no other way the Dyke could have navigated a path between the surviving section of to the north (see below) and the historically attested line of the Dyke on the Strand to the south. If we don't believe this is the route: there is no other option for how it would have once existed elsewhere.
The implications of this are, however, not made clear by Fox. The Dyke neither hugs the top edge of the Greenfield Valley south of this point: it heads across flat hilltop towards a high point by/at the Holywell Windmill before descending towards the Bagillt stream. Likewise, it doesn't continue north along the edge of the valley which would have required it to jump around another ravine to attain higher ground once more. Instead, it uses the ravine here to descend north/ascend south between high ground and the valley bottom. In so doing, it marks a course direct for the spur that became occupied by the Cistercian abbey of Basingwerk in an unquestionable fashion.
Extract from the 1st edition OS survey map showing the surviving Dyke crossing north over the Strand towards Strand Coed and the proposed route down the ravine on its eastern side.
This ravine opens out above Meadow Mills on the flank of the deep trough valley carved out by the Holywell stream: and here a small piece of bank is seen, 21ft. in breadth, with an over-deepened W. ditch, which is possibly part of the Dyke. It seems to die out in the railway cutting. Beyond this point northward nothing recognisable as Wat's Dyke is to be seen.
Here, the Dyke is discernible, and while maps make it seem as if it is continuing its route following the contours, the closer examination shows it is doing anything but. As mentioned above, the surviving section is cutting across the contours, heading down into the valley north/ascending up to the top of the ridge of the Strand Coed ravine to the south. Therefore, if this is indeed the line of the Dyke, it is doing something very significant at this point: dropping in an unprecedented fashion down into the valley, not to cross it, but to follow it down towards the estuary of the Dee at Basingwerk.
Looking north-west, the bank can be discerned as the dyke descends into the Greenfield Valley, with a possible quarry ditch behind it.
Wat's Dyke as it descends into the Greenfield Valley and ends without further trace where it is cut by the line of the raillway cutting.


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text:
Lifting the Veil of Incorporation - Simplified (UK Business Law)
Companies and Separate Legal Personality
As you might already know, a limited company is treated as a separate legal entity meaning it is treated as a 'separate person' - any assets of the company are the property of the company itself and no one else's. The same goes for its debts.
The main effect of this is that when things go wrong and shareholders or directors of a company go bankrupt, their creditors (the people who lent them money) cannot go after the property of the company. That property does not belong to the shareholders and directors. Similarly, when a company goes bankrupt, its creditors cannot go after the property of the shareholders and directors. This is the whole point of limited liability.
How Sneaky Businessmen Abuse the System
Where there is a system there are clever people making the most of it, and, naturally, some try to exploit it.
In the latter case, the court will very rarely ignore the separate legal entity doctrine and treat directors and companies as one and the same. This is called 'piercing the veil of incorporation'.
It must be stressed that this does not happen often and the expectation in a given case is that it won't happen. This is because one of the key benefits of incorporation is that directors can take risks without concerns that they themselves will be involved personally.
Moreover, when it does happen the 'limited liability' part of incorporation is not affected at all. That is to say, although they are treated as being one person, the company will not be held liable for the debts of the directors and the directors will not be held liable for the debts of the company.
The leading case is Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd and shows the court's strong inclination to upholding the importance of the separate legal entity doctrine.
Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd
Salomon was a sole trader dealing in leather. At the time, there needed to be at least 7 shareholders in order for a company to exist.
What did Mr. Salomon do that was so dastardly? He set up a company - Salomon & Co Ltd - by giving 6 of his family members a single share each, so that there were 7 shareholders.
Of course, in creating the company, he assigned himself as the managing director.This meant that he had full control over his sole trading leather business as well as over this new 'Salomon & Co Ltd' company.
What's the big deal? The big issue is that his next step was to make 'Salmon & Co Ltd' buy his sole trading business for a ridiculously high price.
Salmon & Co Ltd gave the following to Mr Salomon:
£20,000 worth of shares costing £1 each (leaving him 20,001 shares in total)
('Charge' here means that if the company fails to pay the debt when it is due or on the terms agreed upon in the debenture, the company's assets will be sold in order to pay for it - just like in a mortgage where there is a 'charge' over a house - if you fail to pay your mortgage bills, the bank will repossess your house in order to pay for the debt you owe).
£10,000 worth of debentures (a document that says the company owes a debt of £10,000 to Mr Salomon) which was charged over the company's assets
£9,000 cash.
What were the effects of this transaction?
The most important effect of this is that Mr Salomon no longer had to risk all of his personal assets when doing business (remember, a sole trader has unlimited liability but a limited company does not). Instead, if his company went into insolvent liquidation (bankruptcy) then creditors would only be able to take from the company's assets and not his own.
However, since Mr Salomon also had £10,000 worth of debentures charged over the company's assets, if the company did go into insolvent liquidation, he - as a 'secured creditor' - would have first pick at the company's assets to satisfy the £10,000 owed to him. He therefore limited his liability as well as ensuring he would get lots of money in the event that his new company failed.
It is easy to see, then, that Mr Salomon benefited immensely from starting up a company with the aid of his family members: he gained limited liability and secured £9,000 (back then a very large sum of money) over the company's assets.
This all sounds great for Mr Salomon, what's the problem?
The loser in this is anyone that deals with Salomon & Co Ltd because no one can touch the company's assets to gain repayment for debts they are owed - the assets of the company would be sold to pay Mr Salomon's debt first.
This is exactly what happened: Salomon & Co Ltd ran into financial trouble and one of the creditors (realising there were not enough assets to satisfy all of the debts) challenged the validity of Salomon & Co Ltd as a company, calling it a sham. The Court of Appeal agreed with the creditor, but the House of Lords unanimously overruled the Court of Appeal and held that regardless of the fact that Mr Salomon's only motive in starting up the company was to avoid liability, the Companies Act was satisfied and therefore there was a real, legitimate company.
The Rare Exceptions
Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd remains good authority for the sanctity of the separate legal entity doctrine, but as stated there are rare exceptions.
The main exception is that if incorporation contradicts the intentions of Parliament in statutes or the intentions of parties in contracts, it is for the court to ignore the concept.
This is simply common sense: it would be out of place (in the case of statutes and parliamentary will) and simply cruel (in the case of contracts) to go against the clear intentions of those around them.
The court is bound to carry out the will of parliament and since you can simply contract out of limited liability, it makes no sense to go against the written intentions of both parties to a contract.
Outside of Statutes and Contracts
Apart from that, there have been four different arguments seriously considered by the courts in the past when deciding whether to pierce the veil of incorporation.
The 'Sham Companies' Argument
This is the most important argument to remember. The Court of Appeal in Adams v Cape Industries Plc (1990) explains 'there is one well-recognised exception to the rule prohibiting the piercing of the 'corporate veil' which is where a company is used as a 'mere façade concealing the true facts'. Even this argument is not too hopeful, however, because the court has been 'left with rather sparse guidance as to the principles which should guide the court in determining whether or not the arrangements of a corporate group involve a façade'.
The 'Single Economic Unit' Argument
This is where it is claimed that a group of companies are actually just one company and so creditors can go after any assets of any company within the group. Typically this argument is raised where the wholly owned subsidiary (child) of a parent company does not have enough assets for creditors to satisfy their debts and so the creditors go after the assets of the parent company instead. Whilst the Court of Appeal was slightly positive about this argument in Adams v Cape Industries Plc (1990), saying that it is of value to consider when one company fully controls another for interpretation of intention in statutes and contracts, they otherwise shut down the possibility of raising it as an independent reason to pierce the veil of incorporation.
The 'Agency' Argument
In the absence of a clear agreement (e.g. in a contract) there is no assumption that shareholders are the agents of their companies and so the agency argument simply does not work here. However, if a parent company authorises a subsidiary to act as an agent for them then, as long as the subsidiary acts within the authority granted to it, its actions will bind the parent company (allowing creditors to take from its assets where applicable).
The 'Unlawful Act' Argument
In Re H, the defendants committed excise fraud and the courts decided to pierce the veil of incorporation and seize assets from the company the defendants owned and controlled together. What is interesting is that the company itself was not convicted but its assets were still taken. It could thus be argued that the courts are more inclined to pierce the veil where unlawful acts are perpetrated. Other cases involve Gilford Motor Co Ltd v Horn and Jones v Lipman. These are detailed below.
Gilford Motor Co Ltd v Home (1933)
Cases where the Veil was Lifted
Gilford Motor Co Ltd v Horne (1933)
An employee was bound by a covenant to not solicit customers from his former employers but to get around this set up a company and did so anyway. The court said this was a mere front for Mr Horne's restricted activity and so granted an injunction to stop him (and the company) from doing it again.
Jones v Lipman (1962)
Having entered into a contract to sell his land, but then deciding he no longer wanted to sell, Mr Lipman created a company and transferred the land to it (claiming he could no longer sell his land as he did not own it).The court lifted the veil of incorporation and held that the company was a mere front for Mr Lipman, granting an order for specific performance to transfer the property.
Lee v Lee's Air Farming Ltd (1961)
Cases where the veil was not lifted
Lee v Lee's Air Farming Ltd
Lee was in the business of aerial topdressing - using aeroplanes to fertilise farmland. He formed a company of which he was the beneficial owner of all shares and the sole governing director. He also appointed himself as chief pilot. Unfortunately, he crashed and died. The question was whether, in his position as chief pilot, he qualified as a worker under the Workmen's Compensation Act so that his family could claim the insurance on his death. The court found that he did qualify, and did not lift the veil of incorporation to find that actually he was not a worker but the owner of the company.
The conclusion can only be that the courts are very unwilling to pierce the veil of incorporation, shutting down most arguments on the matter.
This leaves piercing the veil of incorporation to be placed in the pile of other legal actions such as frustration or non est factum in contract law which - although successfully raised in the past - are highly unlikely to help anyone again. Businessmen can rejoice in the safety of their assets.
You didn't learn the term for nothing, however, since as stated the court does consistently pierce the veil for statutes and contract purposes.
fbruce on November 23, 2015:
Interesting article, thanks for taking the time to put this together.
http://www.fionabruce.co.uk/business-solicitors


text:
In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006), the Supreme Court ruled that the original military commission system established by former President George W. Bush to try detainees at Guantánamo Bay was unlawful because it had not been authorized by Congress. Unfortunately, in 2006 and then again in 2009, Congress provided that authorization when it passed the Military Commissions Act (MCA), legitimizing a system of military tribunals that fails to meet fair trial and due process standards.
The Guantánamo military commission proceedings have been marred by legal and ethical problems from day one. Among other things, the proceedings allow the admission of secret evidence, hearsay, and evidence obtained through coercion in certain circumstances. Defendants' access to counsel has been consistently obstructed, and even their testimony about torture and coercion can be censored, keeping the worst of the government's post-9/11 abuses shielded from the public.
The ACLU has been present as an independent observer at nearly every commission hearing since 2004 and documented the ways in which the proceedings are unfair, unconstitutional, and plagued by excessive secrecy.
It's time to shut down the military commissions and transfer the defendants to the United States to be tried in civilian court.
Search Military Commissions
All Military Commissions
Say NO to Trump's Border Wall
The Guantánamo Military Commissions Continue to Undermine Basic Principles of...
The Obama Guantánamo Plan — What You May Have Missed
Government Attempt to Speed Up Guantánamo Trials (Rightfully) Backfires
Guantánamo Judge Sentences Marine General to 21 Days for Contempt
Press ReleaseNovember 1, 2017
The Guantánamo Military Commissions Continue to Undermine Basic Principles of American Justice
NewsMarch 28, 2017
Truly Dishonorable: Military Justice System Betrays Survivors of Sexual Assault
A Misguided Ruling in the WikiLeaks Case: 23 Hours a Day Alone in a Cell is Always Solitary Confinement
Coalition Letter Urging House to Vote "NO" on Rep. Schiff's Amendments to the FY18 NDAA
LetterJuly 14, 2017
Coalition Letter to Defense Secretary Mattis Expressing Concerns Over Transparency During Military Commission Proceedings At Guantanamo Bay Detention Facility
LetterAugust 4, 2017


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text:
Adam Scott says his water time with surf legend Kelly Slater always becomes an 'enlightening' experience
By Evin Priest
Eleven-time WSL champion Kelly Slater surfs at the 2022 Corona Open J-Bay.
Beatriz Ryder
Over the many years that Adam Scott has called Kelly Slater a friend, he's always walked away from time spent with the surfing icon feeling inspired. Often, it's had positive effects on his golf game.
On Monday at Oahu's North Shore, ahead of this week's Sony Open in Honolulu, the 14-time PGA Tour winner Scott caught up with Slater, whose 11 World Surfing League titles have established him as the greatest in the sport's history. It's a sentimental place in surfing and where Slater has a base. The pair didn't surf—which they have together on plenty of occasions since meeting through mutual friends—but they did go swimming and Scott said even that was enriching. Although, that's not why he hangs out with the 50-year-old Slater.
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"I don't go up there just to have deep and meaningful [conversations] and try and tap into him, but when you're around a guy like that you always take something out of the encounter," Scott said Tuesday at Waiʻalae Country Club. "Even yesterday, being up there on the North Shore, just going out for a swim in the ocean with him was ... it sounds too spiritual, but it was a bit of an enlightening experience. Being able to let go a little bit. That's a feeling I get from Kelly a lot, like [he says], 'Adam, just let go a little bit.'"
Adam Scott is impressed with how much confidence surf star Kelly Slater shows on the golf course. (Photo by Fairgame Golf)
Slater has played golf since the late 1990s and is a low single-digit handicap and once played as scratch. In 2018, he played the Pebble Beach Pro-Am in the same group as Scott. "My best years on [the WSL] tour were the first two years I started playing golf," Slater said recently on Fairgame Golf, which Scott co-founded.
"[Slater and I] were even talking about golf yesterday and one of the amazing things about Kelly is he even communicates on a golf level with me like we're dead equals," Scott said with a laugh. "I really like that because he knows how to operate at such a high level in his own field that when he plays golf, he expects kind of the same. I do appreciate listening to anything he has to say and to get to go out and have a have a swim and be with one of the greatest [athletes] There is fun for me."
Coming off a 29th-place finish in last week's Sentry Tournament of Champions—Scott's first start in the 2022-23 season—the 42-year-old Australian is ranked 37th in the world and ended last year on a high note with T-5 finishes in two FedEx Cup Playoffs events—the FedEx St. Jude and BMW Championship. Scott is one of only two golfers (Matt Kuchar being the other) who have competed in all 16 playoffs, and he's reached the Tour Championship nine times.
Adam Scott surfed at Kelly's Slater's Surf Ranch in Lemoore, Calif., in 2019. (Photo courtesy of World Surfing League)
As Scott eyes earning a second career major victory to go with his 2013 Masters triumph, he knows that mentality will be key. It's been 10 years since he became the first Australian to don Augusta's green jacket, but he'll need to forget the close calls and scar tissue if he wants to become a multiple major champion. A former World No. 1, Scott has had nine top-10s at the majors since the 2013 Masters, including two third-place finishes. The first was at the 2013 Open Championship and the second came in the 2018 PGA Championship, when Scott played in the final group with eventual champion Brooks Koepka.
"I think that's one of the general [takeaways]," Scott said of time with Slater. "I have other friends who surf [professionally] too. If you stereotype a surfy attitude—which, I don't know [if] Kelly fits into that or not—they're pretty go-with-the-flow type people. That's certainly something that came to mind yesterday with him and I think at this point in my career, it's a good thing to remember. I've done a lot of work over the years, and I know instinctively how to swing the club and chip and putt. But at this point I have to just let go and do it and not be so controlled."
Scott also said Slater's longevity was perhaps the most admirable quality, given the golfer is attempting to end a three-year win drought on the PGA Tour going back to the 2020 Genesis Invitational at Riviera. Men's professional golf is indeed becoming a younger game each year (all four major champions in 2022 were under 30), but it's nothing like the physically demanding sport of surfing. Scott noted that Slater's victory at the 2022 Pipeline Masters, just days short of his 50th birthday, and which ended a six-year drought on the WSL Tour, made it seem possible for Scott to win a second major in his 40s.
"Physically, I'm in a good in a good space," Scott said. "Kelly has worked hard on all those things physically. He's incredible. He's 50 years old and winning the [2022] Pipe Masters. He's a great example of longevity at the highest level. You never know whether you're going to get little pearls of wisdom here or there when you're hanging around people like Kelly Slater."