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Inhaled Iloprost as a First-Line Therapy for Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Seung Hyun Kim, Hyun Ju Lee, Nam Su Kim, Hyun-Kyung Park
Kim, Lee, Kim, and Park: Inhaled Iloprost as a First-Line Therapy for Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Seung Hyun Kim, MD , Hyun Ju Lee, PhD, Nam Su Kim, PhD, Hyun-Kyung Park, PhD
Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Correspondence to: Hyun-Kyung Park, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
Tel: +82-2-2290-8397 Fax: +82-2-2297-2380 E-mail: neopark@hanyang.ac.kr
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a potentially fatal disease. Inhaled iloprost, a stable analogue of prostacyclin, has recently been used as a therapeutic option. However, there are no clinical guidelines on the use of iloprost, specifically for neonates. This study aimed to suggest the use of inhaled iloprost as a rescue therapy for PPHN based on our experience.
The efficacy and adverse events of inhaled iloprost were evaluated prospectively in nine full-term neonates with PPHN. We monitored the following parameters: fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), respiratory severity score (RSS), heart rate, and mean blood pressure.
The inhalation dose was 1 to 2 μg/kg initially, and 4 to 8 inhalations per day were applied over 2 to 8 days, except in the case of one neonate who died 2 days after birth. Echocardiographic findings, changes in FiO2, and RSS improved within the next 7 days in eight of the nine patients. Severe side effects on heart rate and blood pressure were not observed.
Our experience suggests that inhaled iloprost can be used as a first-line treatment in newborn infants with PPHN when inhaled nitric oxide is not available. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first prospective case series on the use of inhaled iloprost in PPHN.
Keywords: Inhaled iloprost; Prostacyclin; Persistent fetal circulation syndrome
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a serious disorder that results from the failure of normal pulmonary vascular adaptation at or soon after birth, and its estimated incidence is approximately 2 per 1,000 live births [1]. High-frequency ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have improved outcomes. However, several facilities do not offer these therapies due to their high costs and insufficient infrastructure. Furthermore, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently issued a warning regarding the use of sildenafil to treat pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension after an unexpectedly high mortality rate was observed among children receiving the drug in high doses in a clinical trial [2].
Therefore, there is a significant need for new, alternative modalities to treat PPHN in neonates. Inhaled iloprost, a stable analogue of prostacyclin (PGI2), may be an adjunctive or rescue therapy option for infants with PPHN. However, case reports regarding its use as an emergency treatment for PPHN are still preliminary [3-7].
In our center, we used iloprost and other medications to treat PPHN at a time when iNO was not available because medically approved NO gas (iNOmax) was not yet introduced in Korea, and for other NO gases, we were not convinced of their safety. This report aimed to describe the effects of rescue attempts with inhaled iloprost on mechanically ventilated PPHN patients. Additionally, we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and safety of inhaled iloprost for the treatment of PPHN when inhaled iNO was not available.
1. Perinatal characteristics of the case series
We prospectively enrolled nine full-term neonates (≥37 weeks' gestation) with idiopathic or associated pulmonary arterial hypertension in this iloprost inhalation trial at the neonatal intensive care unit of Hanyang University Medical Center between March 2009 and August 2013. Neonates were excluded if they met one of the following criteria: (1) oxygenation index >25, assessed using an arterial blood gas analyzer; (2) need for immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation; (3) presence of congenital heart disease; or (4) hemodynamic instability (mean arterial pressure <5th percentile for their age). The respiratory severity score (RSS) was calculated by multiplying the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) by the mean airway pressure.
2. Diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
PPHN was defined based on a combination of clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, including profound cyanosis and a preductal to postductal difference (>5%) in transcutaneous oxygen saturation. Serial echocardiography was performed by the same skilled pediatric cardiologist (N.S.K.) based on clinical conditions and oxygenation status. The pulmonary arterial pressure, tricuspid regurgitation, D-shaped left ventricle due to right ventricular dilatation, and bidirectional or right-to-left shunt through both the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) were evaluated.
3. Iloprost dosage and administration
Inhaled iloprost (20 μg/2 mL, Ventavis, Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) was administered at an initial dosage of 1 to 2 μg/kg by integrating a nebulizer into the ventilator system without disconnecting the mechanical ventilator. The initial dosage was calculated to achieve a previously reported theoretical alveolar deposition [8]. One ampoule of iloprost was diluted with 4 to 6-mL of distilled water. We used the PARI BOY SX type 085 (Pari GmbH, Starnberg, Germany) nebulizer for high-frequency oscillation and the Servo Ultra Nebulizer (Maquet, Solna, Sweden) for the Servo-i ventilator.
4. Outcomes
The efficacy of iloprost was compared before and 24, 48, 72 hours, and 1 week after the use of inhalation with echocardiographic findings, RSS, and FiO2. Serial echocardiography was performed according to the patients' situation or on-duty status of the medical staff. Bronchoconstriction, which was a known adverse effect of iloprost, was also observed by the medical staff. Each single inhalation lasted over 10 minutes and was repeated every 3 to 4 hours, based on decreases in the postductal arterial saturation from the value immediately following the previous iloprost inhalation. The medication and ventilator settings were maintained unchanged during inhalation.
Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). All variables were expressed as the mean±standard deviation, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare respiratory and hemodynamic changes before and after the start of iloprost. Differences were considered significant when P-value was <0.05.
The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients are presented in Table 1. All nine full-term neonates were referred from primary care, and six were boys. The median gestational age and birth weight were 38+4 weeks (37+1 to 40+2) and 3.42 kg (2.84 to 4.39), respectively. Three patients were born by spontaneous vaginal delivery, and six were delivered by cesarean section. Severe respiratory failure caused by meconium aspiration syndrome, sepsis, asphyxia, and respiratory distress syndrome were associated with the pathogenesis of PPHN. Patient no. 8 was transferred after recurrence of PPHN due to aspiration pneumonia noted at the age of 21 days.
Iloprost was inhaled at an initial dose of 1 to 2 μg/kg/day and subsequently administered every 3 to 6 hours for 2 to 8 days in survivors by connecting an ultrasonic nebulizer to the inspiratory limb of the ventilator circuit. Inotropic support with dopamine and dobutamine was started to maintain systemic blood pressure at normal values for gestational ages in five patients [1]. Surfactant administration and oral sildenafil were combined with iloprost in five and eight patients, respectively. The dose of oral sildenafil for each patient ranged from 1.0 to 2.8 mg/kg/dose.
Fentanyl and midazolam sedation was administered in six patients who showed intolerance to mechanical ventilation (Table 1). Table 2 describes the two-dimensional echocardiographic findings before and after treatment with iloprost. Echocardiography demonstrated a right-to-left shunt or a bidirectional shunt through the PDA or PFO. The inhalation of aerosolized iloprost showed not only a permanent conversion of the initial right-to-left shunting or bidirectional shunt, which leads to a substantial improvement in oxygenation, but also a simultaneous decrease in right ventricular pressure.
Aerosolized iloprost decreased FiO2 and improved oxygen saturation in eight of the nine patients, who normalized to baseline values within 1 week after iloprost. FiO2 decreased by 32%, from 0.63±0.17 (pre-iloprost) to 0.43±0.20 (24 hours after iloprost; P=0.007) (Figure 1A). RSS decreased from 11.0±2.6 to 8.7±2.3 at 24 hours after iloprost (P=0.011) (Figure 1B). The use of iloprost in the emergency treatment of pulmonary hypertension was associated with a lifesaving clinical improvement with no evidence of side effects in eight of the nine patients. There were no significant changes in heart rate and mean blood pressure after iloprost inhalation (Figure 2). Moreover, no adverse effects that could be attributed to iloprost were observed.
Details of the outcomes after iloprost inhalation therapy are shown in Table 3. All patients were supported by high-frequency oscillation ventilation or pressure-controlled ventilation. The mean duration of oxygen therapy was 8.4±3.0 days. Enteral feeding was started in infants who were at least 6 days old, and the number of days to full enteral feeding was 9.4±1.3 days, ranging from 8 to 11 days. Eight of the nine patients made a full recovery and were discharged from the hospital within 3 weeks, ranging from 10 to 18 days. However, one patient with severe hypoxic damage and multi-organ failure when he was referred showed a tension pneumothorax in both sides of the lungs and a large PDA. He died due to a lack of response to treatment 2 days after his birth.
The main reason why inhaled iloprost is more preferred than iNO is its readily availability and comparable clinical effects, while iNO is cost prohibitive and requires special monitoring for side effects. However, there is limited experience regarding inhaled iloprost therapy, specifically in neonates. Our study suggests that inhaled iloprost is a feasible therapy for mechanically ventilated neonates with PPHN. No clinically significant complications were observed during the nebulization of iloprost, and we achieved significant oxygenation and hemodynamic improvements.
PPHN is a complex clinical syndrome with significant morbidity and mortality [9]. iNO, inhaled iloprost, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (sildenafil) are known treatment options that are used along with supportive care such as alkalinization and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in neonates with PPHN. iNO has a selective effect on the pulmonary vasculature through the guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and has become well established as the first-line therapy for PPHN [10,11]. However, iNO therapy is still unavailable in many developing countries. Although pulmonary hypertension in adults is commonly treated with PGI2 analogues (treprostinil, iloprost, or epoprostenol), endothelin receptor antagonists (bosentan and ambrisentan), and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (sildenafil) [12], few reports have addressed the use of these treatments in neonates and preterm infants [3,4,13-17]. The pharmacokinetics of oral sildenafil in neonates with decreased gastric motility remain uncertain. Moreover, the FDA issued a warning regarding the pediatric-specific side effects of sildenafil, including hypotension and hemoptysis [2]. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in the potential benefit of inhaled iloprost in neonates. In 2014, Kahveci et al. [18] compared the effectiveness and safety of oral sildenafil and inhaled iloprost therapy for PPHN in a referral center located in a low-income region of Turkey. Results showed that iloprost was considered to be more effective than sildenafil in the treatment of PPHN with regard to time to clinical response, ventilator/respiratory parameters, and combined drug administration [18]. However, it seems to be impossible to evaluate the isolated effects of both drugs in the clinical field due to ethical issues.
Iloprost is a PGI2 analogue, and PGI2 is a member of the prostanoid group of eicosanoids, which regulate homeostasis, smooth muscle function, and inflammation [19]. PGI2 is produced by endothelial cells and influences several cardiovascular processes by increasing adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels. This mechanism could explain the beneficial effect of iloprost on nonresponders to inhaled iNO and the additive effect of combining both agents [11]. Several drawbacks are encountered regarding the clinical applications of inhaled iloprost in neonates. There are insufficient prospective clinical studies, practical difficulties of aerosolized application into a mechanical ventilator, and uncertainties about optimal dosage and the time to achieve a significant effect in neonates [5,7]. Han et al. [20] reported the therapeutic effect of inhaled iloprost in newborn infants with severe PPHN refractory to iNO but enrolled only a small number of cases retrospectively. Although clinical data are few, inhaled iloprost, single or combined, has been useful and effective as a rescue or additional treatment for improving oxygenation in cases of acute pulmonary hypertension in children, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis in children with congenital heart disease, and pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants in addition to PPHN [4,8,11,15,16,21].
Our study could provide useful guidelines on the clinical trials of inhaled iloprost in terms of available dosage and the timing of inhaled iloprost for neonates. Moreover, iloprost might be an alternative drug treatment that improves oxygenation in the absence of iNO. Adverse effects of bronchoconstriction or unstable hemodynamics such as hypotension have sometimes been observed during iloprost nebulization in older children [13]. However, compared to that with the systemic application of PGI2 [22], the rate of adverse effects with iloprost seems to be negligible. In our study, adverse effects were not observed.
This study has several limitations, that is, the total number of cases may be considered insufficient and they were all from a single center. Given that a control group is not set up, we cannot exclude the positive effects from other applied drugs such as a surfactant and sildenafil.
In conclusion, our clinical experience supports that nebulized iloprost, with or without concomitant oral sildenafil, is a safe and promising therapy for PPHN, specifically when inhaled NO is unavailable. However, larger controlled studies are required to confirm the clinical usefulness of inhaled iloprost and to define its safety and efficacy alone or in combination with other vasodilator drugs.
The study was approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Hanyang University Medical Center (IRB No. 2015-05-027-009). Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of every neonate before their enrollment in the study.
Conception or design: H.K.P.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: H.J.L., N.S.K.
Drafting the work or revising: S.H.K.
Final approval of the manuscript: S.H.K., H.K.P.
This research was supported by the Korea Special Therapeutic Education Center (Chairman Il-Kewon Kim) of Anyang, Korea.
(A) Changes in the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) values before and during iloprost therapy in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. (B) The changes in respiratory severity score before and after inhaled iloprost therapy in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. *P-value between before and 24 hours after iloprost; † Expired during therapy. Abbreviations: Pre, before the use of iloprost; Post, after the use of iloprost.
(A) Heart rate and (B) mean blood pressure (mBP) trends before and 24 hours after the start of iloprost therapy. P-values between timepoints are insignificant.
Baseline Characteristics of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn Patients Who Received Iloprost Inhalation
Gestational age (wk) 40+2 40+0 39+5 40+0 37+1 38+3 39+1 39+3 38+5
Sex M M M F M M M F F
Birth weight (g) 2,840 3,000 3,900 3,500 3,780 3,020 3,110 4,390 3,280
Cesarean section – + – – + + + + +
Etiologies of PPHN Early-onset sepsis RDS MAS RDS Idiopathic Idiopathic Birth asphyxia Previous PPHN RDS
Age at referral D1 D1 D0 D0 D2 D1 D0 D21 D0
Maximum oxygenation index before iloprost 24 13.3 10.5 13.5 15.5 3.9 13 18.5 7
Inhaled iloprost
Initial dose, age of start 1, D2 1, D1 1, D3 1, D2 1, D2 2, D1 2, D1 1, D22 1, D2
No. of inhalations (d) 6 24 6 6 8 4 4 8 6
Accumulated doses (μg/kg) 9 20 23 14 11 33 48 27 42
Duration of treatment (d) 2 2 4 3 3 6 8 4 5
Inotropics + + – – + + – – +
Surfactant – + + + + – – – +
Oral sildenafil, age of start – +, D1 +, D1 +, D3 +, D3 +, D1 +, D1 +, D22 +, D2
Sedative + + – – + + + + +
Survival Yes Expired on D2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Abbreviations: PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; MAS, meconium aspiration syndrome; D, days of age.
Echocardiographic Pretreatment and Posttreatment Findings* with Inhaled Iloprost
Pre-iloprost
Shunt PDA PDA No PDA PDA PDA PDA PFO PFO PDA
R→L R→L R→L R↔L R↔L R↔L R↔L R↔L
TR vel (m/sec) 2.7 3.3 4.2 2.8 4.0 0.5 4.09 2.4 4.29
RV dilatation + – + + + + + + +
LVEF (%) 61 69 61 64 NC NC 66 67 77.9
Post-iloprost
Shunt PDA closed Expired on D2 PDA closed PDA closed PDA closed PDA closed PDA closed PDA closed PDA closed
TR vel (m/sec) No TR 2.1 – 2.9 – – 1.6 1.6
RV dilatation – – – – – – – –
LVEF (%) 59 67 NC 52 71 67 73 81
* Serial echocardiography was performed at the beginning of clinical improvement in each patient.
Abbreviations: PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; R→L, right to left shunt; R↔L, bidirectional shunt; PFO, patent foramen ovale; TR vel, tricuspid regurgitation velocity; RV, right ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NC, not checked; D, days of age.
Outcomes after Iloprost Inhalation Therapy
Ventilator (d) 3 Expired on D2 7 5 5 7 5 5 8
O2 therapy (d) 4 14 8 6 10 8 7 10
Air leak – + – – – – – – –
Enteral feeding start (d of age) 3 5 4 5 6 4 3 5
Days to full enteral feeding (100 cc/kg/d) 9 11 8 10 11 8 8 10
Hospitalization (d) 11 18 10 12 15 12 11 11
Abbreviation: D, days of age.
1. Nair J, Lakshminrusimha S. Update on PPHN: mechanisms and treatment. Semin Perinatol 2014; 38: 78–91.
2. Maxey DM, Ivy DD, Ogawa MT, Feinstein JA. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) postmarket reported side effects and adverse events associated with pulmonary hypertension therapy in pediatric patients. Pediatr Cardiol 2013; 34: 1628–36.
3. Ehlen M, Wiebe B. Iloprost in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Cardiol Young 2003; 13: 361–3.
4. Avila-Alvarez A, Bravo-Laguna MC, Bronte LD, Del Cerro MJ. Inhaled iloprost as a rescue therapy for transposition of the great arteries with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatr Cardiol 2013; 34: 2027–9.
5. De Luca D, Zecca E, Piastra M, Romagnoli C. Iloprost as 'rescue' therapy for pulmonary hypertension of the neonate. Paediatr Anaesth 2007; 17: 394–5.
6. Yilmaz O, Kahveci H, Zeybek C, Ciftel M, Kilic O. Inhaled iloprost in preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary hypertension. Am J Perinatol 2014; 31: 321–6.
7. Chotigeat U, Jaratwashirakul S. Inhaled iloprost for severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. J Med Assoc Thai 2007; 90: 167–70.
8. Limsuwan A, Wanitkul S, Khosithset A, Attanavanich S, Samankatiwat P. Aerosolized iloprost for postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis in children with congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2008; 129: 333–8.
9. Shah PS, Ohlsson A. Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; 3: CD005494.
10. Dhillon R. The management of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2012; 97: F223–8.
11. Kirbas A, Yalcin Y, Tanrikulu N, Gurer O, Isik O. Comparison of inhaled nitric oxide and aerosolized iloprost in pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital heart surgery. Cardiol J 2012; 19: 387–94.
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13. Piastra M, De Luca D, De Carolis MP, Tempera A, Stival E, Caliandro F, et al. Nebulized iloprost and noninvasive respiratory support for impending hypoxaemic respiratory failure in formerly preterm infants: a case series. Pediatr Pulmonol 2012; 47: 757–62.
14. Eifinger F, Sreeram N, Mehler K, Huenseler C, Kribs A, Roth B. Aerosolized iloprost in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in extremely preterm infants: a pilot study. Klin Padiatr 2008; 220: 66–9.
15. Hwang SK, O YC, Kim NS, Park HK, Yum MK. Use of inhaled iloprost in an infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary artery hypertension. Korean Circ J 2009; 39: 343–5.
16. Gurakan B, Kayiran P, Ozturk N, Kayiran SM, Dindar A. Therapeutic combination of sildenafil and iloprost in a preterm neonate with pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Pulmonol 2011; 46: 617–20.
17. Mohamed WA, Ismail M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study of bosentan for the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. J Perinatol 2012; 32: 608–13.
18. Kahveci H, Yilmaz O, Avsar UZ, Ciftel M, Kilic O, Laloglu F, et al. Oral sildenafil and inhaled iloprost in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49: 1205–13.
19. Majed BH, Khalil RA. Molecular mechanisms regulating the vascular prostacyclin pathways and their adaptation during pregnancy and in the newborn. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64: 540–82.
20. Han YK, Lee SM, Eun HS, Kim JE, Namgung R, Park MS, et al. The therapeutic effect of inhaled iloprost in newborn infants with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension refractory to inhaled nitric oxide. Korean J Perinatol 2011; 22: 57–63.
21. Mulligan C, Beghetti M. Inhaled iloprost for the control of acute pulmonary hypertension in children: a systematic review. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012; 13: 472–80.
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Risk Factors of the Outcome in the Neonates with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension 1994 November;1(2)
Comorbid Risk Factors of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn in Infants with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome.2014 August;21(3)
Clinical Application of Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn.2015 May;22(2)
Prognosis and Side Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide Treatment in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn.2015 May;22(2)
Tracheal Bronchus with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: A Case Report.2017 November;24(4)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Share this Story: 'Saturday Night Live' dreams up a Fauci-hosted game show where contestants vie for the vaccine
'Saturday Night Live' dreams up a Fauci-hosted game show where contestants vie for the vaccine
Those who don't, "SNL's" Fauci says, will go home with a Pfizer Visor, "a visor with the world Pfizer on it."
Travis M. Andrews, The Washington Post
Kate McKinnon portrays Dr. Anthony Fauci on "Saturday Night Live." Photo by NBC /NBC
When "Saturday Night Live" announced it would return in 2021 with five new episodes in a row, it was difficult not to wonder if the show would struggle to find material. For the past four years, after all, nearly every episode opened with a sketch centered on Donald Trump and included a plethora of celebrity guests (including the ever-present Alec Baldwin, who portrayed the former president).
How would it pivot?
'Saturday Night Live' dreams up a Fauci-hosted game show where contestants vie for the vaccine Back to video
Not, it seems, by taking aim at the current administration. Despite debuting Alex Moffat as the newest in a long string of Joe Biden impersonators in December 2020, he's spent 2021 primarily portraying other characters. (The politics of "SNL" are no secret, but this omission is pretty glaring.)
Instead, "SNL" has used the cold open – often a good indicator of the show's priorities – to get creative again, each week mining new subjects for comedy, from Rep. Marjorie Taylor-Greene, R.-Ga., to Britney Spears to the Super Bowl.
Vaccine Game Show Cold Open
Dr. Anthony Fauci (Kate McKinnon) hosts a game show to help simplify the COVID-19 vaccine rollout.
Posted by Saturday Night Live on Saturday, February 27, 2021
(Well, mostly new subjects. Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, keeps coming up. Over and over and over.)
On Saturday, the cold open assumed one of the "SNL's" more reliable formats: the fake talk show. In this instance, Dr. Anthony Fauci (Kate McKinnon) hosts a show titled "So You Think You Can Get the Vaccine," in which contestants present arguments for why they should get the coronavirus vaccine. A trio of Democratic governors – California's Gavin Newsom (Moffat), New York's Andrew Cuomo (Pete Davidson) and Michigan's Gretchen Whitmer (Cecily Strong) – serve as the judges.
"Getting the vaccine shouldn't be a competition, but Americans will only want to get it if someone else can't," says McKinnon's Fauci, who refers to himself as "America's voice of reason and celebrity hall pass, for some reason."
Of course, not everyone can win a vaccine. Those who don't, "SNL's" Fauci says, will go home with a Pfizer Visor, "a visor with the world Pfizer on it."
The architecture of the sketch allows for a series of brief appearances from wacky.
There's the Michigan-based Only Fans IT worker Jane F. (Heidi Gardner), who has "a really bad attitude," is "allergic to dust," has herpes and is immediately mortified that she announced all this on television after learning those don't count as pre-existing conditions. The pretend granny (Ego Nwodim) who wants the vaccine so she can spend some quality time with the recently single man she's been talking up for a decade. The pregnant woman (Melissa Villaseñor) who wants the vaccine, only to be told by the governors that they don't know if it's safe for her. And the fake smoker (Bowen Yang) who acts like he loves cigarettes because New Jersey gives early priority to smokers.
Oh, yeah, and Ted Cruz (Aidy Bryant), yet again, making jokes about his arms being tired after flying in from Cancún. "Can you really blame a brother for wanting to get some sun?" Bryant's Cruz asks, before screaming "FREEEEEEDOM!" and dropping the mic.
The winner of "So You Think You Can Get the Vaccine" is Seymour Foreman (Mikey Day), an 85-year-old retired Army doctor who is "now just the world's proudest granddad." He's not likely to actually receive the vaccine, though, as he only uses his computer for Spider Solitaire and doesn't know how to book an appointment.
Anyway, as luck would have it, "SNL's" Fauci announces, a nearby CVS has lost power and its store of vaccines are going bad – so it's first come, first served.
Aside from the tired Cruz bit, Saturday's cold open was arguably the strongest of 2021. If nothing else, it offered an inventive skewering of a real issue Americans are currently facing – particularly the joke about Day's Foreman not knowing how to book an appointment and needing to ask someone in the younger generation for help. (He wonders if the mailman might help, before Davidson's Cuomo asks if the man has "three straight days to help you click 'refresh.'" If he doesn't, Cuomo says, and "you do feel sick, make sure your leave the nursing home and get to the hospital. Wink.")
After four years fixating on the Trump administration, which pleased the former president's critics but didn't make for interesting comedy, it's refreshing to see the show's writers getting creative – even if there is a curious lack of Biden jokes.
Saskatoon SPCA says it will cease provincial enforcement as of April after funding request denied


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Automotive trade fair to hold May7-9
No fewer than 2,000 key exhibitors from 25 countries are expected at the largest international automotive trade fair (Automechanika) in Dubai.
The 15th edition of Automechnika Dubai will hold from May 7 to 9 at the Dubai International Convention and Exhibition Center.
Organisers said the fair aims to raise the bar in the products and services available in the automotive aftermarket in the wider Middle East region by bringing in international manufacturers and suppliers together with regional distributors and buyers.
Country representative in Nigeria and Sub West Africa, Messes Exhibition and Trade Fair Limited, said the fair would feature the latest of parts/components, electronics/systems, accessories/tuni0ng, repair/maintenance, tyres/batteries as well as IT and management, among others.
"The 2017 show aims to be even bigger and better, featuring additional exhibition space of about 70,000 square meter….Products and services that will cut across the entire spectrum of the automotive aftermarket industry will be exhibited," the firm said.
Brighton knock Liverpool out of FA Cup
Gunmen attack Ebonyi Police checkpoint, kill 3 Policemen
Ex-Minister Sulaiman earns Harvard Executive Certificate in public leadership
Edo strengthens delivery of primary health care, to upgrade 55 PHCs


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Size makes a difference, along with the type of garbage you're disposing of when considering the type of dumpster to go with. If you simply have a few large items, such as a couch or home appliance, then it may be better to contact a junk removal service instead of renting a dumpster. If you're just trying to get rid of appliances in addition to some junk, the a 10 cubic yard dumpster could be just what you need. Some wise advice to follow when renting a roll off dumpster is to check with the disposal business in Absarokee to find out what objects are acceptable to be disposed of. Often times objects like ovens, refrigerators, mattresses and batteries will be prohibited.
You can estimate your dumpster cost by checking the size, weight capacities and types of materials you're disposing of. Most of these factors will be used by the rental company to figure out cost, and they will likely offer you a free estimate. Larger dumpsters are always more expensive than smaller ones, regardless of the weight you are putting in them. Disposal of the waste is a big cost factor for rental companies, since they have to pay for dumping based on the size of each container along with paying more transportation costs.
It's always best to choose a dumpster company within the local area of Absarokee. This is because locally owned companies can save you a bunch of time and hassle going through paperwork, since they will already work with local recycling and waste disposal businesses. They also know where specific waste materials can be disposed of. Try to provide your rental company with as many details as possible, this will enable them to give you the best price estimate.


text:
Home > Entertainment > Madonna overjoyed following adoption of twin girls
Madonna 'overjoyed' following adoption of twin girls
Agencies9 Feb 2017 3:48 PM GMT
Pop icon Madonna has confirmed that she has adopted twin girls from Malawi and the singer said "I am overjoyed that they are now part of our family."
The 58-year-old star, who already has two children from the African country – David, adopted in 2006 and Mercy, adopted in 2009, appeared in court in Lilongwe last month after filing her application for the adoption of two little girls.
The 'Vogue' hitmaker posted a picture on Instagram of the twin sisters, pointing out that the process is now complete and she is delighted to
have them in her family.
"I can officially confirm I have completed the process of adopting twin sisters from Malawi and am overjoyed that they are now part of our family."
"I am deeply grateful to all those in Malawi who helped make this possible, and I ask the media please to respect our privacy during this
transitional time. Thank you also to my friends, family and my very large team for all your support and Love," Madonna captioned the picture in which she can be seen with the little girls holding their hands.
However, less than two weeks ago Madonna denied reports that she had applied to adopt any more children from Malawi.
"The rumours of an adoption process are untrue. I am in Malawi to check on the children's hospital in Blantyre and my other work with Raising
Malawi and then heading home," she said at the time.


Late entries are being accepted through Wednesday, March 21 with the late fee being waived. Must be online or received by that date.
Do not forget the Easter Bonnet contest!! Bring your best bonnet for you and your horse! Judging will be Sunday!


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text:
jack(at)keystoparadise(dotted)com
Bonita Beach
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Home » Marco Island
The largest of Florida's Ten Thousand Islands – and the only one that's developed – Marco Island is one of the most breathtaking getaways in the country. It was ranked among the "Best Islands in the U.S." in Condé Nast Traveler's 2020 and 2021 Readers' Choice Awards, and its resorts have raked in accolades as well.
Surrounded by the unspoiled beauty of the Everglades, this barrier island lies just a few minutes south of Naples and has a total area of 24.6 square miles, around half of which is water. It's famous, among other things, for its crescent-shaped swath of beach, which extends for six miles and is also extraordinarily wide. You'll find that there's always plenty of room on Marco Island's beaches. The island also features more than 100 miles of waterways, making it ideal for boating enthusiasts.
Marco Island was developed with leisure living in mind right from the outset. Among the many resorts here are the Hilton Marco Island Beach Resort & Spa and the JW Marriott Marco Island Beach Resort. There's plenty to see and do on and off the island as well, including shelling, fishing, camping, golf, and dining on freshly caught seafood.
Hop on a kayak and explore the mangrove forests of the Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge. Go on an eco-tour and spot bottlenose dolphins. Tee off at JW Marriott's The Rookery or Hammock Bay. You can enjoy all of these and more in Marco Island.
Unsurprisingly, many who come here for a visit eventually decide to stay, and Marco Island also has plenty to offer when it comes to real estate. Buyers can choose from townhouse-style condos to waterfront units to one-of-a-kind estates with enough water frontage to dock a yacht or two. Lots are also still available. Let us know what you're looking for and we'll help you find it here.
Keep up to date with the latest market trends and opportunities in Naples, Florida.
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Deceased = Butler, George Jerome, Sr.
George Jerome Butler Sr., 55, of Lexington Park, MD, entered into eternal rest on July 30, 2018 at the Washington Hospital Center. Family and friends will unite on Thursday, August 9, 2018 for visitation at 10 am until time of service at 11 am at Briscoe-Tonic Funeral Home, 38576 Brett Way, Mechanicsville, MD. Interment to follow at Charles Memorial Gardens, Leonardtown, MD.


text:
Swift tailor made for Austin
COTA chairman delighted with US GP attendance figures... but should he be.
In the wake of last year's appalling weather conditions which left organisers fearing that many fans would never return, officials at the Circuit of the Americas were absolutely delighted when 269,889 passed through the turnstiles over the course of last weekend's event.
However, the biggest weekend attendance in the event's five year history owes a lot more to the pulling power of pop music's biggest star at present than to the likes of Messrs Hamilton, Rosberg, Vettel and Verstappen.
For Taylor Swift attracted an estimated 83,000 fans to her gig at the track on Saturday night, the pop sensation's only live gig of 2016. And while COTA has yet to issue official figures, attendance on Saturday was higher than on Sunday - a complete reversal of the usual trend.
"We really had two crowds Saturday," COTA chairman Bobby Epstein told the Statesman. "Some people left after qualifying and a lot more came in for the evening. We had a massive Saturday, well over 100,00, Sunday was around 100,000 or a little more."
"We're still collecting data, but we had more international visitors," added Katja Heim, COTA's chief operating officer. "The added entertainment and music helped. There was a vibrant feel. The festival-style format, surely we will do that again."
According to the Statesman, Austin's Chamber of Commerce estimates the economic impact of this year's event at $597 million, which over the course of the five years the event has been running means around $3bn.
While circuit officials are happy, the fact is that NBC alone reported ratings down 18% on last year as the Mercedes steamroller continues.
The circuit is popular with drivers and fans, those that attend and those that watch on TV, and rightly so, but can the sport really be happy that it was the pulling power of a pop superstar that got people through the turnstiles rather than "twenty-two of the greatest drivers in the world" and the "pinnacle of motor sport".
It's the sort of thing that will excite the likes of Liberty Media, but will have the purists ever more concerned.
Check out our Thursday gallery from Mexico City, here.
Bernie does it again
Ricciardo frustrated by "fortunate" Virtual Safety Car
Red Bull baffled by Verstappen pit stop
United States GP: Post Race press conference
Magnussen penalised
United States GP: Driver Tyre Strategies
United States GP: Race notes - Pirelli
Alonso escapes penalty
Ferrari fined for Raikkonen release
Hamilton closes title gap with victory in Texas
1. Posted by mickl, 27/10/2016 17:39
"Never mind Led Zep or the Floyd....just give Ozzy a stage, a mike for 30mins and no filter....that would be interesting."
Rating: Neutral (0) Rate comment: Positive | NegativeReport this comment
2. Posted by @R1Racing71, 27/10/2016 15:06
"Sad that you have to rely on the appearance of this years "Pop Princess" to sell your tickets. But I guess it's sign of the times.
If only Silverstone could secure Led Zeppelin or Pink Floyd........"


text:
@interface TWTCollectionValidator ()

@property (nonatomic, strong, readwrite) TWTValidator *countValidator;
@property (nonatomic, strong) TWTCompoundValidator *elementAndValidator;

@end

@implementation TWTCollectionValidator

- (instancetype)init
{
    return [self initWithCountValidator:nil elementValidators:nil];
}

- (instancetype)initWithCountValidator:(TWTValidator *)countValidator elementValidators:(NSArray *)elementValidators
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        _countValidator = countValidator;
        _elementAndValidator = [TWTCompoundValidator andValidatorWithSubvalidators:elementValidators];
    }

    return self;
}

- (NSUInteger)hash
{
    return [super hash] ^ self.countValidator.hash ^ self.elementAndValidator.hash;
}

- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)object
{
    if (![super isEqual:object]) {
        return NO;
    } else if (self == object) {
        return YES;
    }

    typeof(self) other = object;
    return (other.countValidator == self.countValidator || [other.countValidator isEqual:self.countValidator]) &&
        [other.elementAndValidator isEqual:self.elementAndValidator];
}

- (NSArray *)elementValidators
{
    return self.elementAndValidator.subvalidators;
}

- (BOOL)validateValue:(id)collection error:(out NSError *__autoreleasing *)outError
{
    if (![super validateValue:collection error:outError]) {
        return NO;
    } else if (!([collection respondsToSelector:@selector(count)] && [collection conformsToProtocol:@protocol(NSFastEnumeration)])) {
        if (outError) {
            *outError = [NSError twt_validationErrorWithCode:TWTValidationErrorCodeValueNotCollection
                                            failingValidator:self
                                                       value:collection
                                        localizedDescription:TWTLocalizedString(@"TWTCollectionValidator.notCollectionError")];
        }

        return NO;
    }

    NSError *countValidationError = nil;
    BOOL countValidated = YES;
    if (self.countValidator) {
        countValidated = [self.countValidator validateValue:@([collection count]) error:outError ? &countValidationError : NULL];
    }

    BOOL elementsValidated = YES;
    NSMutableArray *elementValidationErrors = outError ? [[NSMutableArray alloc] init] : nil;
    for (id element in collection) {
        NSError *error = nil;
        if (![self.elementAndValidator validateValue:element error:outError ? &error : NULL]) {
            elementsValidated = NO;
            [elementValidationErrors addObjectsFromArray:error.twt_underlyingErrors];
        }
    }

    BOOL validated = countValidated && elementsValidated;
    if (!validated && outError) {
        NSMutableDictionary *userInfo = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:5];
        userInfo[TWTValidationFailingValidatorKey] = self;
        userInfo[NSLocalizedDescriptionKey] = TWTLocalizedString(@"TWTCollectionValidator.validationError");

        if (collection) {
            userInfo[TWTValidationValidatedValueKey] = collection;
        }

        if (!countValidated && countValidationError) {
            userInfo[TWTValidationCountValidationErrorKey] = countValidationError;
        }

        if (!elementsValidated && elementValidationErrors.count) {
            userInfo[TWTValidationElementValidationErrorsKey] = [elementValidationErrors copy];
        }

        *outError = [NSError errorWithDomain:TWTValidationErrorDomain code:TWTValidationErrorCodeCollectionValidatorError userInfo:[userInfo copy]];
    }

    return validated;
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Introduction of Value Added Tax (VAT) in Oman
A guide on the general outlook of the implementation
2018 Deloitte Global Human Capital Trends
The rise of the social enterprise
Introduction of Value Added Tax (VAT) in the UAE
VAT in the GCC and the impact areas in the implementation cycle
Family Enterprise Consulting
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Deloitte perspectives
Leadership perspectives from across the globe.
Learn how this new reality is coming together and what it will mean for you and your industry.
The Deloitte Millennial Survey 2017
Apprehensive millennials: seeking stability and opportunities in an uncertain world.
After applying for a job in this country, you can access/update your candidate profile at any time.
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Deloitte & Touche (M.E.) is a member firm of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (DTTL) and is the first Arab professional services firm established in the Middle East region with uninterrupted presence since 1926.
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text:
Cet article présente le guide des épisodes de la quinzième et dernière saison de la série Ninjago, elle se nomme Cristallisé, Crystalized en anglais.

Épisodes

Épisode 1 : Changement de cap

Épisode 2 : L'appel du cœur

Épisode 3 : La forme de Nya

Épisode 4 : La grande évasion

Épisode 5 : Ennemis publics n°1,2,3,4,5

Épisode 6 : Une promesse douloureuse

Épisode 7 : Le procès des ninjas

Épisode 8 : 	Le blues de Kryptarium

Épisode 9 : SeanDog McFlair

Épisode 10 : Les bienfaits du chagrin

Épisode 11 : Le cinquième méchant

Épisode 12 : Le conseil du Roi de Cristal

Épisode 13 : Une ombre sinistre

Épisode 14 : Le projet de l'araignée

Épisode 15 : La chute du monastère

Épisode 16 : Dans les ténèbres

Épisode 17 : L'avènement du roi

Épisode 18 : Retour en milieu primitif

Épisode 19 : La cristacatastrophe

Épisode 20 : Christofeuille

Épisode 21 : La leçon de Garmadon

Épisode 22 : Courageux, mais insensé

Épisode 23 : L'heure de l'abondon

Épisode 24  : Le retour de l'Empereur de Glace

Épisode 25 : En lieu sûr

Épisode 26 : Ensemble

Épisode 27 : Appel de détresse

Épisode 28 : Question de confiance

Épisode 29 : La forme dragon

Épisode 30 : Racines

Notes et références

Saison de Ninjago

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Tag: Justin Ng
Posted on May 9, 2017 April 8, 2018 by Nancy Atkinson
Explody Eta Aquarid Meteor Caught in the Act
Composite image taken at Mount Bromo in Indonesia during the peak night of Eta Aquarid meteor shower. Credit and copyright: Justin Ng.
An Eta Aquarid meteor captured on video by astrophotographer Justin Ng shows an amazing explodingred meteor and what is known as a persistent train — what remains of a meteor fireball in the upper atmosphere as winds twist and swirl the expanding debris.
The meteor pierced through the clouds and the vaporized "remains" of the fireball persisted for over 10 minutes, Justin said. It lasts just a few seconds in the time-lapse.
Justin took this footage during an astrophotography tour to Mount Bromo in Indonesia, where he saw several Eta Aquarid meteors. The red, explody meteor occurred at around 4:16 am,local time. The Small Magellanic Cloud is also visible just above the horizon on the left.
Eta Aquarid meteor piercing through cloud and left behind a red smoke trail that lasted for over 10mins. Taken in Mt. Bromo 8hrs ago. pic.twitter.com/WtFl9TGRbj
— Justin Ng (@justinngphoto) May 6, 2017
Persistent trains occur when a meteoroid blasts through the air, ionizes gases in our atmosphere. Until recently, these have been difficult to study because they are rather elusive. But lately, with the widespread availability of ultra-fast lenses and highly sensitive cameras, capturing these trains is becoming more common, much to the delight of astrophotography fans!
Mount Bromo, 2,329 meters (7600 ft.) high is an active volcano in East Java, Indonesia.
Check out more of Justin's work at his website, on Twitter, Facebook or G+.
6 May 2017 – Eta Aquarid Captured at Mount Bromo (4K Timelapse) from Justin Ng Photo on Vimeo.
Posted on July 18, 2014 December 23, 2015 by Nancy Atkinson
Astrophoto: Milky Way Rising Above Spectacular Lightning Display
The rise of the Milky Way and a spectacular lightning display in Mersing, Malaysia on June 28, 2014. Credit and copyright: Justin Ng.
Here's another beautiful astrophoto, courtesy of photographer Justin Ng from Singapore. He's currently on a photography trip to Malaysia and by chance captured this absolutely stunning view.
"Knowing that the sky would clear after sunset, I led a group of photographers to this location to film a time-lapse of the rising Milky Way above a lonely boat," Justin explained via email, "but what happened soon after we started shooting was amazing. We were treated to a spectacular lightning display for about an hour from 9:30pm onwards before the clouds caught up with the rising Milky Way and dominated the skies eventually."
The image is a result of stacking 12 photos (11 shots of lightnings and 1 shot for everything else) from his time-lapse sequence.
We're looking forward to seeing the timelapse!
See more images from his current trip here, and you can see more of Justin's fantastic astrophotography at his website, on G+, Facebook and Twitter.
Want to get your astrophoto featured on Universe Today? Join our Flickr group or send us your images by email (this means you're giving us permission to post them). Please explain what's in the picture, when you took it, the equipment you used, etc.
Posted on June 9, 2014 December 23, 2015 by Nancy Atkinson
How to Photograph the Night Sky, Even in Light-Polluted Skies: A Tutorial from Justin Ng
Rising Milky Way above Marina Bay Sands in Singapore on April 10, 2014. Credit and copyright: Justin Ng.
We feature A LOT of astrophotos here on Universe Today, and we get many comments about them, too — with some people saying they could NEVER take photos of the night sky because they live in cities, or are too close to street or yard lights or other causes of light pollution.
Now, award-winning astrophotographer Justin Ng from Singapore has created a tutorial for how to photograph the night sky, even in light-polluted area.
"This tutorial shows you how I photograph the Milky Way that's obscured by the extreme light pollution in Singapore, using photography equipments that you may already have and a workflow that probably works on most versions of Photoshop," Justin writes, adding that the type of photo processing he uses in Photoshop can be achieved without purchasing additional plugins.
Justin says that taking pictures of the night sky is a way you can "do your part to promote public awareness of astronomy and the importance of preserving the beauty of our night skies through your images. And I am going to show you how you can do just that using photography equipment that you may already have and a workflow that probably works in most versions of Photoshop."
For this tutorial, you will need some previous knowledge about basic photography and post-processing.
You can access the full tutorial here on Justin's website.
The rising Milky Way at Sentosa Island in Singapore. Credit and copyright: Justin Ng.
Check out more of his work at his website, on Facebook or G+.
Posted on February 28, 2014 April 8, 2018 by Nancy Atkinson
Astrophotographer's Dream: Venus and Milky Way Galaxy Over Singapore
Rise of Venus and the Milky Way in Singapore on Feb. 28, 2014. Credit and copyright: Justin Ng.
"My dream to capture the beautiful Milky Way galaxy in Singapore has finally come true this morning after the monsoon season is over," said noted astrophotographer Justin Ng, who lives in this island country in South East Asia. Justin noted that since Singapore is known for its heavy light pollution, there are many people who believe it's impossible to capture stars and the arc of the Milky Way under those conditions. Justin has been taking amazing deep sky and night sky photos for quite some time, but he said with this particular image he's hoping to prove the naysayers wrong.
"Plus, I hope to inspire more astrophotographers residing in heavily light polluted city to try to capture these 'impossible' images," Justin added.
UPDATE: Below is a new timelapse video from Justin Ng.
This is a single exposure shot of planet Venus and Milky Way Galaxy in Singapore. However, the light pollution near the horizon is also visible.
Justin has now created a timelapse of his Milky Way photography from the same night he took this image, and he says a timelapse like this never been attempted by any photographers in Singapore, this is is the first:
Rise of Milky Way and Venus in Singapore from Justin Ng Photo on Vimeo.
You can see more of Justin's fantastic astrophotography at his website, on G+, Facebook and Twitter.
Posted on November 12, 2013 December 23, 2015 by Nancy Atkinson
New Timelapse of Comets ISON and Lovejoy
Comet R1 Lovejoy imaged on November 10th by astrophtographer Justin Ng. (Credit: Justin Ng).
Comet 2012 S1 (ISON) is just 16 days away from its close encounter with the Sun and is now inside the orbit of Venus, at under 103,000,000 km (64,000,000 miles) away from the Sun. This new timelapse by award-winning photographer Justin Ng from Singapore shows the journey of both ISON and Comet 2013 R1 (Lovejoy), taken on November 11, 2013. The video covers 50 minutes of imaging time for ISON and 90 minutes of imaging time for Lovejoy.
As you watch the video of each, don't worry – the comets and their tails are not fizzling out! This actually reflects the reduced visibility of the comets as the sky was gradually becoming brighter with daybreak. Additionally, Justin cautions that in the timelapse, both comets appear to be moving especially fast because of smaller field of view and long exposure.
On November 4, there were indications of a possible ion tail emerging from Comet ISON, and this comet's growing dust tail now stretches to more than a full moon's diameter. "Comet ISON is now plunging towards the Sun with 2 long tails at a magnitude of around +7 and it is visible in small scopes and strong binoculars," writes Justin.
Comet ISON flies in front of constellation Virgo this week (from our vantage point on Earth) and it is expected to grow some 2.5 times brighter before it passes by the bright star Spica in Virgo on November 17 and 18.
"Comet Lovejoy just passed into the constellation Leo with a magnitude of around +6 and it's an easy binocular object," said Justin. "R1 Lovejoy will remain well placed at 50 to 60 degrees above the northeastern horizon before sunrise through this week for observers from near the Equator."
Keep tabs on Justin's work on his website , G+ page, and Facebook.
Keep tabs on the latest on Comet ISON at the Comet ISON Observing Campaign website.
Timelapse of Comet ISON and Comet Lovejoy from Justin Ng Photo on Vimeo.


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text:
"""
Created on Wed Nov  8 19:03:56 2017

generate sinthetic data for simulation

@author: sebalander
"""

# %%
import glob
import numpy as np
from calibration import calibrator as cl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import scipy.stats as sts
from copy import deepcopy as dc

import corner
import time
import cv2

import sys
sys.path.append("/home/sebalander/Code/sebaPhD")
#from dev import multipolyfit as mpf
from dev import bayesLib as bl

# %% LOAD DATA
# input
# cam puede ser ['vca', 'vcaWide', 'ptz'] son los datos que se tienen
camera = 'vcaWide'
# puede ser ['rational', 'fisheye', 'poly']
modelos = ['poly', 'rational', 'fisheye', 'stereographic']
model = modelos[3]

# %% parametros sinteticos de la camara
imgSize = (1600, 930)
pixmax = imgSize[0] / 2
fov = 183 * np.pi / 180 # field of view of the camera
thMax = fov / 2
k = pixmax / np.tan(thMax / 2)

# paramteros intrinsecos
mu = np.array([pixmax, imgSize[1] / 2, k])

# seed data files
imagesFolder = "./resources/intrinsicCalib/" + camera + "/"
cornersFile =      imagesFolder + camera + "Corners.npy"
patternFile =      imagesFolder + camera + "ChessPattern.npy"
imgShapeFile =     imagesFolder + camera + "Shape.npy"

# model data files
distCoeffsFile =   imagesFolder + camera + model + "DistCoeffs.npy"
linearCoeffsFile = imagesFolder + camera + model + "LinearCoeffs.npy"
tVecsFile =        imagesFolder + camera + model + "Tvecs.npy"
rVecsFile =        imagesFolder + camera + model + "Rvecs.npy"

imageSelection = np.arange(33) # selecciono con que imagenes trabajar

# load data
imagePoints = np.load(cornersFile)[imageSelection]
n = len(imagePoints)  # cantidad de imagenes

chessboardModel = np.load(patternFile)
imgSize = tuple(np.load(imgShapeFile))
# images = glob.glob(imagesFolder+'*.png')

# Parametros de entrada/salida de la calibracion
objpoints = np.array([chessboardModel]*n)
m = chessboardModel.shape[1]  # cantidad de puntos

# load model specific data
distCoeffs = np.load(distCoeffsFile)
cameraMatrix = np.load(linearCoeffsFile)
rVecs = np.load(rVecsFile)[imageSelection]
tVecs = np.load(tVecsFile)[imageSelection]

# project from chessboard model to image asuming rvec, tvecs as True
corners = list()
for i in imageSelection:
    corners.append(cl.direct(objpoints[i], rVecs[i], tVecs[i],
                    cameraMatrix, distCoeffs, model, ocv=False))

corners = np.array(corners)

# standar deviation from subpixel epsilon used
# sumo ruid de std
std = 1.0
corners += np.random.randn(np.prod(corners.shape)).reshape(corners.shape) * std

'''
ahora que tengo los datos sinteticos deberia sacar condiciones iniciales con
opencv. esa deberia ser la idea. el tema es que ocv no tiene el modelo este.
algo como lo que hago en lo extrinseco, para cada modelo genero rvec, tvecs
'''

# pongo en forma flat los valores iniciales
Xint, Ns = bl.int2flat(cameraMatrix, distCoeffs, model=model)
XextList = [bl.ext2flat(rVecs[i], tVecs[i])for i in range(n)]

Ci = np.repeat([ std**2 * np.eye(2)],n*m, axis=0).reshape(n,m,2,2)
params = dict()
params["n"] = n
params["m"] = m
params["imagePoints"] = imagePoints
params["model"] = model
params["chessboardModel"] = chessboardModel
params["Cccd"] = Ci
params["Cf"] = False
params["Ck"] = False
params["Crt"] = False
#params = [n, m, imagePoints, model, chessboardModel, Ci]

# pruebo con una imagen
j = 0
ErIm = bl.errorCuadraticoImagen(XextList[j], Xint, Ns, params, j, mahDist=False)
print(ErIm.sum())

# pruebo el error total
def etotal(Xint, Ns, XextList, params):
    '''
    calcula el error total como la suma de los errore de cada punto en cada
    imagen
    '''
    return bl.errorCuadraticoInt(Xint, Ns, XextList, params).sum()

Erto = bl.errorCuadraticoInt(Xint, Ns, XextList, params, mahDist=False)
E0 = etotal(Xint, Ns, XextList, params)
print(Erto.sum(), E0)

# saco distancia mahalanobis de cada proyeccion
mahDistance = bl.errorCuadraticoInt(Xint, Ns, XextList, params, mahDist=True)

plt.figure()
nhist, bins, _ = plt.hist(mahDistance, 50, normed=True)
chi2pdf = sts.chi2.pdf(bins, 2)
plt.plot(bins, chi2pdf)
plt.yscale('log')

# %% metropolis hastings
from numpy.random import rand as rn

def nuevo(old, oldE):
    global generados
    global gradPos
    global gradNeg
    global mismo
    global sampleador

    # genero nuevo
    new = sampleador.rvs() # rn(8) * intervalo + cotas[:,0]
    generados += 1

    # cambio de error
    newE = etotal(new, Ns, XextList, params)
    deltaE = newE - oldE

    if deltaE < 0:
        gradPos += 1
        print("Gradiente Positivo")
        print(generados, gradPos, gradNeg, mismo)
        return new, newE # tiene menor error, listo
    else:
        # nueva opoertunidad, sampleo contra rand
        pb = np.exp(- deltaE / 2)

        if pb > rn():
            gradNeg += 1
            print("Gradiente Negativo, pb=", pb)
            print(generados, gradPos, gradNeg, mismo)
            return new, newE # aceptado a la segunda oportunidad
        else:
#            # vuelvo recursivamente al paso2 hasta aceptar
#            print('rechazado, pb=', pb)
#            new, newE = nuevo(old, oldE)
            mismo +=1
            print("Mismo punto,        pb=", pb)
            print(generados, gradPos, gradNeg, mismo)
            return old, oldE

    return new, newE
#

# %% cargo datos

mu0 = dc(Xint)
covar0 = np.diag(mu*5e-5)**2

# %% ultima etapa de metropolis
# achico la covarianza para perder menos puntos y que haya uqe iterar menos
sampleador = sts.multivariate_normal(mu0, covar0)

Nmuestras = int(1e4)
Mmuestras = int(50)
nTot = Nmuestras * Mmuestras

generados = 0
gradPos = 0
gradNeg = 0
mismo = 0

#paraMuest2 = np.zeros((Nmuestras,Xint.shape[0]))
#errorMuestras2 = np.zeros(Nmuestras)

paraMuest0 = list() # np.zeros((Nmuestras, Xint.shape[0]))
errorMuestras0 = list() # np.zeros(Nmuestras)

paraMuest0.append(Xint)
errorMuestras0.append(E0)
# primera
start = dc(Xint) # sampleador() # rn(8) * intervalo + cotas[:,0]
startE = etotal(start, Ns, XextList, params)
paraMuest0[0], errorMuestras0[0] = (start, startE)

mH = bl.metHas(Ns, XextList, params, sampleador)

# %% corro eta parte hasta que ve en el grafico que ya no se desplaza demasiado
Nini = 1000
for i in range(1, Nini):
    paM, erM = mH.nuevo(paraMuest0[-1], errorMuestras0[-1])
    print(paM)
    paraMuest0.append(paM)
    errorMuestras0.append(erM)

    mH.sampleador.mean = paraMuest0[-1]

# grafico para ver que haya pasado el burn in period
plt.figure()
plt.plot(paraMuest0 - paraMuest0[-1])

# %%

# largo desde la corrida que guarde antes
mu1 = paraMuest0[-1]
covar1 = dc(covar0)/100

sampleador = sts.multivariate_normal(mu1, covar1)
mH = bl.metHas(Ns, XextList, params, sampleador)

paM = sampleador.rvs()
erM = bl.etotalInt(paM, Ns, XextList, params)

paraMuest1 = list() # np.zeros((Nmuestras, Xint.shape[0]))
errorMuestras1 = list() # np.zeros(Nmuestras)
covMuestras1 = list()
covMuestras1.append(covar1)

paraMuest1.append(paM)
errorMuestras1.append(erM)

dims = Xint.shape[0]
Ntot = np.int(20.0**dims)

# segunda tanda de muestras solo cambiando el mean
# estas ya se usan en la tirada definitva
for i in range(1, Ntot):
    paM, erM = mH.nuevo(paraMuest1[-1], errorMuestras1[-1])
    paraMuest1.append(paM)
    errorMuestras1.append(erM)

    mH.sampleador.mean = paraMuest1[-1]
    covar1 = np.cov(np.array(paraMuest1).T)
    rango = np.linalg.matrix_rank(covar1)
    print(rango)
    if rango == dims:
        # leave this loop if covariance matrix has rank 6
        covMuestras1.append(covar1)
        break

# muestras cambiando el mean y covarianza, arranco desde donde se dejó
for i in range(i, Ntot):
    paM, erM = mH.nuevo(paraMuest1[-1], errorMuestras1[-1])
    paraMuest1.append(paM)
    errorMuestras1.append(erM)

    mH.sampleador.mean = paraMuest1[-1]
    mH.sampleador.cov = np.cov(np.array(paraMuest1).T)

    covMuestras1.append(sampleador.cov)

plt.figure()
covarianzasFlattened = np.array(covMuestras1).reshape((-1, dims**2))
plt.plot(covarianzasFlattened - covarianzasFlattened[-1])

paraMuest1 = np.array(paraMuest1)
corner.corner(paraMuest1,50)

plt.figure()
plt.plot(paraMuest1 - paraMuest1[-1])

dif = Xint -  np.mean(paraMuest1,axis=0)
mahDist = dif.dot(covMuestras1[-1]).dot(dif)
print('CDF de mahalanobis', sts.chi2.cdf(mahDist,df=3))

# %%

tiempoIni = time.time()

for j in range(Mmuestras):

    for i in range(1, Nmuestras):
        paraMuest2[i], errorMuestras2[i] = nuevo(paraMuest2[i-1], errorMuestras2[i-1])
        sampleador.mean = paraMuest2[i]

        if True: # i < 50: # no repito estas cuentas despues de cierto tiempo
            tiempoNow = time.time()
            Dt = tiempoNow - tiempoIni
            frac = (i  + Nmuestras * j)/ nTot
            DtEstimeted = (tiempoNow - tiempoIni) / frac
            stringTimeEst = time.asctime(time.localtime(tiempoIni + DtEstimeted))

        print('Epoch: %d/%d-%d/%d. Transcurrido: %.2fmin. Avance %.4f. Tfin: %s'
              %(j,Mmuestras,i,Nmuestras,Dt/60, frac, stringTimeEst) )
    # guardo estos datos
    np.save("/home/sebalander/Documents/datosMHintrinsic2-%d"%j, paraMuest2)
    # para la proxima realizacion pongo la primera donde dejamos esta
    paraMuest2[0], errorMuestras2[0] = (paraMuest2[-1], errorMuestras2[-1])

# %% cargo los datos guardados durante la simulacion
metropHastingSamps = np.empty((Mmuestras, Nmuestras-1,8))

for j in range(Mmuestras):
    # no cargo el ultimo dato porque esta repetido en el primero del siguiente
    metropHastingSamps[j] = np.load("/home/sebalander/Documents/datosMHintrinsic2-%d.npy"%j)[:-1]

metropHastingSamps = metropHastingSamps.reshape((-1,8))

nSam = metropHastingSamps.shape[0]

corner.corner(metropHastingSamps,50)

for i in range(0,7):
    for j in range(i + 1,8):
        plt.figure()
        plt.hist2d(metropHastingSamps[:,i], metropHastingSamps[:,j],100)

mu = np.mean

results = dict()
results['Nsamples'] = nSam
results['paramsMU'] = np.mean(metropHastingSamps,0)
results['paramsVAR'] = np.cov(metropHastingSamps.T)
results['paramsMUvar'] = results['paramsVAR'] / nSam
results['paramsVARvar'] = bl.varVarN(results['paramsVAR'], nSam)
results['Ns'] = Ns

np.save("/home/sebalander/Documents/datosMHintrinsic2.npy", metropHastingSamps)

for i in range(8):
    plt.figure()
    plt.plot(metropHastingSamps[:,i],'.')

# %% veo de hacer pca para determinar el periodo burn in

from sklearn.decomposition import PCA

pca = PCA(n_components=2)
X_r = pca.fit(metropHastingSamps).transform(metropHastingSamps)


text:
Turismochile, Top Tourist Attractions places, Hotels & Natural Reserves in Chile
Chiloé Island
The Huilliche People
A pre-Columbian people of the central zone of Chile, who lived between the Toltén River and the Gulf of Reloncaví. Like all the peoples of the Araucan cultural group, the Huilliches or 'people of the south' spoke the Mapuche language 'Mapudungun'. Likewise their economic activity was based principally...
National Monuments in the South of
Monitor Huáscar Talcahuano, a commercial and industrial port, is home to the Monitor...
La Isla Grande de Chiloé (the Great Island of Chiloé) is located 1186 km. from Santiago and 90 km. southeast of Puerto Montt. To reach the island, one travels southeast from Puerto Montt towards Pargua, where one then takes the ferry across the Canal de Chacao. Plane The fastest way to get to Puerto Montt and then...
Myths of Chiloé
Buried Treasures Chiloé abounds with stories of buried treasure, and of the fortunes made by people who have seen the flames and followed the trails to find riches buried by the Spaniards, or by rich tradesmen who found no better way of guarding their wealth than by burying it, and then died without revealing their secrets...
Chiloé Island Gastronomy
Potatoes are one of the most important ingredients in the Chiloé islanders diet, along with meat and sea produce which were all part of their ancestors staple diet. The islanders consume a wide range of food like; causeos (chopped cold food) and barbeques, ribs, seafood soups and the famous curanto cooked in a pot...
The tradition of La Minga on
What is known as la minga de tiradura de casas is an old Chiloé island custom which consists of moving houses by floating them along the water from one part of the archipelago to another. They do this by tying them to a boat which pulls them over the water and then use a group of oxen to pull them to their destination. ...
Traditions on Chiloé island
The Night of San Juan It was common for families in Chiloe to have one or more members called Juan or Juana. The celebrations which take place on the night of San Juan are dedicated to them. Relatives and friends gathered around the stove to cook roast pork, drink apple or grape chicha , tell a few jokes, make tropo using...
Traditional Dishes
All of the traditional dishes described below make use of the local products available, from both the sea and the land. The diet of the islanders is made up of these local products. "La Mazamorra" This is made from raw or cooked flour mixed with redcurrants or apples to which a little bit of water and sugar is added. In some...
Popular Superstitions
Amidst the great cultural wealth that we have inherited from our ancestors, we find a series of beliefs founded on supernatural experiences or simply unfamiliar experiences, which lend a mystical, magical touch to our charming island of Chiloé. Superstitions of good fortune When a rooster crows at midnight, there will...
This is a group of islands which was formed by extremely creased and somewhat metamorphosed...
Chiloé National Park
The park covers 43,057 hectares and is located on the western slope of the Cordillera de la Costa...
Palafitos in Chiloé
These are constructions built on pillars, submerged in water which were adopted in Ancud, Quemchi...
*Select the (or) domains to bid:
*Only serious offers will be answered
The handcrafts trail
5851 Visto
Guaviña Church
Pukará of Copaquilla
Far South
About Chile
Foreign Tourists
Currency and Conversions
Arts, Culture and Entertainment
Autumn - Winter
Holistic Travel
Nature and Adventure
Urban Tourism
2020 Turismochile.com - All rights reserved. A Site Developed by Anacondaweb.com


text:
/**
 * Usuario.js
 *
 * @description :: TODO: You might write a short summary of how this model works and what it represents here.
 * @docs        :: http://sailsjs.org/documentation/concepts/models-and-orm/models
 */

module.exports = {

  attributes: {
    nombre:{
      type: 'string'
    },
    dueniosMascotas:{
      collection:"UsuarioMascota",
      via:"idUsuario"
    },
    correo:{
      type:"string"
    }

  }
};


With the launch of Color My Spirit, LLC in 2012, Sarah Granahan's life has been profoundly shaped by her passionate commitment to putting an end to abuse in all forms and ensuring people feel empowered enough to stand up for what's right – to say, enough is enough. Because from that point, the problem can be seen, heard, evaluated and stopped.
Born and raised in Northbrook, IL as Sarah Correa, she has had many spiritual and psychic experiences that were difficult to explain in a logical way. Since this sort of phenomena wasn't readily accepted by society, her abilities were brushed off. As an adult, Sarah would embark on developing her own abilities after she fell ill in her mid-twenties.
She began to search for answers that traditional medicine couldn't provide. Test after test, she was considered to be a healthy young woman, but didn't feel that way. Sarah began researching alternative healing processes. This drove her to look even deeper, past her physical body and into her mind and spirit.
What she found was comforting – there were many people going through similar experiences. So she read about their journeys, and learned how they began to find relief. She studied meditation, and began to learn about daily affirmations and the human energy field. By becoming more self-aware, Sarah developed a greater appreciation for her whole body and began to embrace her visions and natural intuition too.
In 2010, Sarah began having anxiety attacks that were constant and rather intense, affecting the quality of her life. She found relief in talk therapy and learned that some of the abuse from her past was causing her uncomfortable sensations many years later. After a while, the attacks ceased and she began to heal. At the same time, her creativity began to escalate. She found that writing and art were apart of her therapy, an outlet for her feelings on the events she experienced as a young child and adult. Her novel, Koko's Gift and comic book series, Chakrula, were created by drawing from these life experiences, where she later found relief and healing.
She has been featured in articles from The Northbrook Tower and Tinley Junction newspapers, and interviewed on the blogsite Comic and Movie Reviews.
Sarah resides in Tinley Park, IL with her husband Matthew and their children. She believes it is important to embrace the unique gifts each one of us has and to always be open to change and new experiences – the good and the bad. Because these are the very factors that help to color our spirits.
Self-awareness practices and spiritual healing are not replacements to conventional medicine. They should only be used as complements. It is always best to seek medical attention for any physical or mental symptoms you may be experiencing.


Eighteen per cent of Britons (9.5m) have laced up their trainers in aid of a good cause, but in good news for organisers of events a further 10 million people (19%) would like to run for charity in the future.
Almost two-thirds of those pounding out the miles for a good cause were women (63%) while just over one in three (37%) are men. The gender gap appears to have grown in recent years. When CAF carried out similar research in 2013 women accounted for 56% of charity runners.
Fun runs, 5k, 10k and half marathons were the most popular type of charity run for people to have participated in, while one in eight (12%) of those who ran for charity had completed a marathon.
"The London Marathon is one of the world's greatest sporting events and among the biggest and best fundraiser. While this year's race will promise to be as competitive as ever, our research suggests that women are surging ahead of men when it comes to running for a good cause.
All information related to the Virgin London Marathon taken from the event website.


text:
Q: Django REST API one endpoint for CRUD I am trying to map GET/PUT/DELETE HTTP methods  to a single Django REST API endpoint. I can override the default get_queryset method to essentially do a GET request for a specific model field in the DB but am unsure which class methods to override for PUT/DELETE.  If I'm using postman to perform PUT/DELETE I get a method not allowed error.
Models.py
class Computer(models.Model):
    computer_id = models.IntegerField(unique=True)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    description = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.computer_id)

Urls.py
router.register(r'computer/(?P<comp_id>[0-9]+)',  ComputerViewSet, base_name='computers')

Views.py
class ComputerViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    serializer_class = ComputerSerializer

    def get_queryset (self, *args, **kwargs):
        comp_id = self.kwargs['comp_id']
        queryset = Computer.objects.filter(computer_id=comp_id)
        return queryset

Serializers.py
class ComputerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Computer
        fields = ('id', 'computer_id', 'city', 'description')

So I tried overriding other methods unsuccessfully in the class in Views.py :
def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    computer = self.get_object()
    self.perform_destroy(computer)
    computer.delete()

def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    #...

My goal is to have one endpoint with GET/PUT/DELETE capabilities. How can I go about starting this?

A: You can do the operations like this.
class Example(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
         your code
         return Response(....)

    def post(self, request):
         your code
         return Response(....)

    def put(self, request):
        your code
        return Response(.....)

    def delete(self, request):
        your code
        return Response(....)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Art Review: George Gittoes at the Station Museum
Troy Schulze June 14, 2011 12:30PM
Australian artist George Gittoes isn't afraid to put himself at the epicenters of some of the worst acts of human brutality on the planet in order to make his art. His travels have taken him to Rwanda, Bosnia, Congo, Iraq and Afghanistan, among other war-torn countries. This exhibit at the Station Museum of Contemporary Art is the first major presentation of his artwork in the United States. It's chilling, disgusting, journalistic and entertaining all at once.
As a visual diary of Gittoes's experiences, the show is a massive dose of illustrated storytelling told through installation, video, drawing, painting, collage and the handwritten word. It takes several hours to experience it all, and we didn't try to soak it all up, because even an hour's worth is excruciatingly depressing. But we agree with Gittoes that it's absolutely necessary for us to look. The artist is holding a mirror up to the evil and ugliness of the world, hoping that will, in effect, destroy evil--like Perseus using a reflection to kill Medusa.
A grotesque mythology is employed in Gittoes' work, too. Out of very real evil he constructs graphic-novel-esque narratives about supernatural soldiers and mutant wars rooted in the emotional reality of genocide. In "Assumption," a cloud of bloodied, mutilated bodies ascends toward ... Heaven, maybe?
Another painting takes inspiration from a photograph of a severely beaten Rwandan boy (or maybe a girl?) and transforms it into a hellish image of violence in action. On the entertaining side, don't miss the impressively realized installation of a video store in the Taliban-controlled city of Peshawar. The Taliban are known for bombing such businesses, and Gittoes presents one in incredible detail, with video monitors and walls covered in hilarious DVD covers created by Gittoes himself. It slyly comments on the absurdity of an anti-technology culture using technology to destroy technology (and culture).
Through July 17. 1502 Alabama, 713-529-6900.
Troy Schulze
Contact: Troy Schulze


Photographed by Julia Sperling for Lonny.
Yes, it is possible to make the toilet a little easier on the eyes! Here the tank is used as a shelf and topped with a flower-filled Heath Ceramics vase and a Jessie Black candle.


The McCall Casual Power Reclining Sofa with Power Headrest/Lumbar and USB Port by Klaussner at Wayside Furniture in the Akron, Cleveland, Canton, Medina, Youngstown, Ohio area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.


text:
Q: Fluid css floats I'm trying to create a fluid element for a site i'm working on, Check out this JS fiddle and make your browser a bit wider, you will see a grey line, a black box, and then a grey line.
When the browser's width is lower the right side line breaks down to the next line, but i want this to stay together no matter how wide the browser is. I generally use float's but have tried a few things, as you can see some css is commented out cause i'm playing with it.
Does anybody have some cool tricks to show me? Any help would be greatly appreciated! Let me know if you need any info.
http://jsfiddle.net/r8Xka/
CSS
header .lower{
    overflow:hidden;
    width:95%;
    margin:40px auto 0 auto;
}
header .lower .line{
    /*float:left;*/
    display:inline-block;
    background:#eaebeb;
    width:35%;
    height:8px;
    /*display:block;*/
    position:relative;
    top:18px;
}
header .lower a{
    /*float:left;*/
    display:inline-block;
    margin:0 20px;
    /*display:block;*/
    background: #000;
    width: 141px;
    height: 42px;
}

HTML

    Play Video

A: You have 3 column: left - fluid, middle - fixed, right - fluid. You would need some js to make it work.
Or some html/css trick like this:

                Play Video

Css:
header .lower{
    width:95%;
    margin:40px auto 0 auto;
    position: relative;
}
header .lower .line{
    background:#eaebeb;
    height:8px;
}
.center{
    text-align: center;
    position: absolute;
    top: -20px;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
}
header .lower a{
    border: 10px solid #FFF;
    display:inline-block;
    background: #000;
    width: 141px;
    height: 42px;
}

See working fiddle


The Hackensaw Boys Gypsy lyrics: Submit LyricsYour name will be printed as part of the credit when your lyric is approved.
Lyrics for the song Gypsy by The Hackensaw Boys. Gypsy music video.
This event is 21 and over The Hackensaw Boys are among the most exciting groups charting new territory in today's diverse Americana music scene.
Here's the full list of all the songs on the internet containing the lyrics: 'hackensaw boys gypsy'.
$15 in advance - $20 Day of Show. Tickets. The Hackensaw Boys are among the most exciting groups charting new territory in today's diverse Americana music scene.
The Hackensaw Boys first began playing their joyful blend of old-time and bluegrass-tinged string-band music on the streets of Charlottesville in the autumn of 1999.