text:
Connecting people with their representatives
Source Data
For Representatives
National Council of Provinces
MP Profiles
MP Attendance
Make yourself heard
Election 2014 Candidates
Write to a Committee
MP Assets
MP Corner
Ncop
The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) ensures that the nine provinces and local government have a direct voice in Parliament when laws are made. The National Council of Provinces represents the provinces to ensure that provincial interests are taken into account in the national sphere of government. It does this mainly by:
participating in the national legislative process and
providing a national forum for public consideration of issues affecting the provinces.
Find a person by name Or browse an A-Z list of all members
African National Congress (ANC) 30 seats (55.6%)
Democratic Alliance (DA) 13 seats (24.1%)
Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) 8 seats (14.8%)
Freedom Front + (Vryheidsfront Plus, FF+) 2 seats (3.7%)
Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 1 seat (1.9%)
Get the data
contact@pa.org.za
2nd Floor 9 Church Square Parliament Street
Cape Town 8001
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Ideal size for packaging a single VHS / video in its case and other small items.
Approx internal metric sizes in mm are 230 x 150 x 30mm.
Approx internal metric sizes in cm are 23 x 15 x 3cm.
Approx internal imperial sizes in inches are 9 x 6 x 1.25".


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Afternoon Bites: Mitchell S. Jackson, Sally Wen Mao's Poetry, Debra Di Blasi Interviewed, Virginia Woolf, and More
In our afternoon reading: an excerpt from Mitchell S. Jackson's new book, notable poetry for the new year, new writing from Jeff Jackson, and more.
Afternoon Bites: Nnedi Okorafor Interviewed, Charles Johnson, Jami Attenberg on New Orleans, Sarah Moss, and More
In our afternoon reading: interviews with Nnedi Okorafor and Sarah Moss, new writing from Jami Attenberg, and more.
Weekend Bites: Kiese Laymon, Diane Williams Interviewed, Megan Boyle, Revisiting "Orlando," and More
In our weekend reading: thoughts on books by Kiese Laymon and Virginia Woolf, an interview with Diane Williams, and more.
Afternoon Bites: Virginia Woolf Revisited, Deb Olin Unferth Interviewed, Jean Giono, and More
In our afternoon reading: looking back at the works of Virginia Woolf, thoughts on books by Jean Giono and Rachel Armstrong, and more.
Afternoon Bites: Myriam Gurba, Virginia Woolf Revisited, Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel Interviewed, Philip K. Dick Adaptations, and More
In our afternoon reading: interviews with Myriam Gurba and Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel, new writing from Hanif Abdurraqib, and more.
Featured, Interviews, Lit., music
"The Music Is The Biography": Jenn Pelly on Writing About The Raincoats
I've enjoyed Jenn Pelly's writing about music and pop culture for a while now; when the announcement was first made a few years ago, I was very excited to hear that she'd be writing about The Raincoats as part of the 33 1/3 series. This fall, Pelly's book on The Raincoats was published, and it was everything I'd hoped for: a solid history of the band's early days, an insightful look into the band's creative process, and a book that […]
Morning Bites: Alexander Chee's Latest, Wendy C. Ortiz, Talking Beach Slang, Virginia Woolf, and More
In our morning reading: an excerpt from Alexander Chee's new novel, book recommendations from Wendy C. Ortiz, a look at an upcoming Miles Davis biopic, and more.
Morning Bites: Virginia Woolf's Birthday, Charlie Jane Anders, Kiese Laymon Nonfiction, Matt Gallagher's Latest, and More
In our morning reading: Virginia Woolf's birthday, new writing from Kiese Laymon, spring book recommendations from BOMB, and more.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Between Two Ferns: Embattled D.C. Mayor Vincent Gray wants his own Zach Galifianakis interview.
Vince Gray looks for two ferns to get between.
The headline could be condensed to two words: "Gray Knew." To be more careful, perhaps "Prosecutors: Gray Knew." This just four weeks before Gray faces a swarm of rival Democrats in the party primary. Prosecutors who had spent much of D.C. Mayor Vincent Gray's term investigating the finances of his 2010 campaign announced that the mayor had known of illegal donations. He was the "Mayoral Candidate A" who appeared in charges against Jeffrey Thompson, a Democratic fundraiser who'd allegedly supplied 28 campaigns with illegal money, and who allegedly was given a business plan to help Gray. The mayor denied this, a day before he was scheduled to give a "state of the city" address.
Anyway, that was the context in which Gray's campaign manager, Chuck Thies, retweeted my sarcastic reference to President Obama's interview on Funny or Die's Between Two Ferns.
Pretty funny, because it's pretty true. The Between Two Ferns video, which has distracted much of the Beltway media, is a play from the Richard Nixon Guide to Becoming Likable. Typically, Zach Galifianakis' interview show is a comedy of awkward manners, in which guests sit and stew as the host asks them insulting questions. (One to Justin Bieber: "You've had three hairstyles. What's next for your career?") The Obama video gives the president a head start on the comedian; he has zingers at the ready when Galifianakis gets too insulting. Every politician would want this treatment.


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BoodiGoGo News and Commentary For Adults
Not Just Porn. All Adult Interests! Boodigogo provides news about the adult entertainment industry, legal marijuana, vaping, technology, privacy and other info useful to folks interested in content for adults.
About Boodigo
Press Inquries
Mistress Couple Gets Shout-Out from Dictionary.com Ahead of Debut Book Release	 October 30, 2018 October 30, 2018
Top BDSM/bondage expert Mistress Couple has been named as an official example of the word 'mistress', according to the internet's favorite vocabulary resource, Dictionary.com.
A cursory search of the word "Mistress" on Dictionary.com brings up a first reference from The Daily Beast, highlighting the quote "He said, too, that after being accepted as a slave to Mistress Couple, he has made massive strides psychologically, "which is attributed to writer Ian Frisch's article 'Dungeons and Genital Clamps: Inside a Legendary BDSM Chateau'.
"One of my slaves found the particular entry on Dictionary.com and almost had a heart attack when he saw it," said Mistress Couple of the site's flattering acknowledgement. "He was so proud to tell me about it."
As she prepares for the launch of her first instructional book, The Ultimate Guide to Bondage: Creating Intimacy through the Art of Restraint, Mistress Couple believes the online find is a good omen.
"It was a fortuitous discovery that's perfect timing now that my new book is about to come out… it's certainly a nice bit of promotion beforehand, isn't it?"
The Head Mistress of La Domaine Esemar in New York, the world's oldest BDSM training chateau, is also a featured guest this week on a new podcast interview with Lucy SweetKill and Dia Dynasty of La Maison du Rouge (pscp.tv/lamaisondurouge), where she shares her career journey and personal experiences along the way.
"It's always a pleasure educating people on what it is I do for a living, and talking about these incredible moments that have helped shape who I am," said Mistress Couple. "My goal is to create a positive and profound experience for the people I work with, and I hope that my new book does that as well."
The Ultimate Guide to Bondage: Creating Intimacy through the Art of Restraint is available for pre-order now ahead of its November 13 (Kindle) and December 11 (paperback) release dates – at Amazon.com, BarnesandNoble.com and other quality booksellers.
ABOUT MISTRESS COUPLE:
Mistress Couple is the head dominant at La Domaine Esemar, a chateau and 'bed-and-dungeon' in upstate New York that offers education in BDSM and trains people interested in becoming Masters, Mistresses and slaves, as well as couples interested in fetish exploration – a position she has held for five years.
Educated at Skidmore College as a Dance and Psychology double major, Mistress Couple started her career in a ballroom dance studio before a life-changing visit to a couples' party at La Domaine, , sparking an interest in joining the chateau as a submissive in 2010.
After eight years at La Domaine, Mistress Couple has been inspired to write her first book, The Ultimate Guide to Bondage: Creating Intimacy through the Art of Restraint, a highly-visual how-to tome on the basics of BDSM pleasure for beginners. "Through this book – and my day-to-day work – I hope to connect with people that want to explore that side of themselves in a safe, comfortable way."
Find out more about Mistress Couple at Twitter.com/MistressCouple, ladomaine.com, Instagram.com/mistresscoupleladomaine.
MEDIA CONTACT: Brian Gross, BSG PR / 818.340.4422 / brian@bsgpr.com / Twitter: @bsgpr
CEO at Wasteland.com
COLIN ROWNTREE
CEO/FOUNDER: WASTELAND INC.
As the founder and CEO of Wasteland.com, the Internet's oldest and most popular BDSM and alternative sexuality site, Colin Rowntree is a true pioneer of the online adult entertainment industry. Since launching Wasteland.com in 1994, Colin has developed a network of sites that encompasses the full breadth of adult business sectors, from content production and distribution to affiliate program management, mobile content delivery to transaction processing, just to name a handful. Colin's stature within the adult industry is reflected by the many honors and recognitions he has received over the years from adult industry media outlets and trade organizations, including his 2011 induction to the Adult Video News (AVN) Hall of Fame. Colin was also the recipient of the 2011 Leadership Award from the Free Speech Coalition (FSC) and winner of multiple awards from other adult media outlets.
Most recently, Colin co-founded Boodigo.com, a privacy-focused adult internet search engine that supports the adult industry in many ways.
An eloquent, witty and thought-provoking commentator, Colin is a frequent contributor to industry trade publications and websites, including Adult Video News and other media outlets. He has been interviewed by and featured on International Business Times, CNBC, Rolling Stone Magazine, BBC Television, the Fox Network, HBO, ABC Nightline, NewsCorp, Time and Wired magazines, Cnet.com and Bnet.com.Most recently, Colin was awarded the 2015 Progressive Leadership of the Year XBIZ Executive Award.
Mr. Skin Reveals the Top 10 Most-Watched Sexy Scenes of 2020 - December 30, 2020
Domthenation.com launch set for Valentine's Day, 2021 - December 22, 2020
Cardi B Partners With Bellesa to Create 'Cardi's Naughty List' - December 19, 2020
Posted in Adult Industry News
HardArt Films Announces New Feature, Sally Forth's Sexual Harassment
Gamma's Bree Mills, Michael Klein Receive XBIZ Exec Awards Online Industry Nominations
Mr. Skin Reveals the Top 10 Most-Watched Sexy Scenes of 2020
Domthenation.com launch set for Valentine's Day, 2021
Cardi B Partners With Bellesa to Create 'Cardi's Naughty List'
Vitaly Uncensored is Rewarding Subscribers with PlayStation 5 Christmas Giveaway
Maitland Ward Scores 2020 Fleshbot Award for Best Social Media Personality
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The Alta Bull Search app delivers rankings for the sires that best fit your genetic plan. You can find individual proofs on Alta sires and all active industry Holstein bulls with a TPI of at least 1700. If you're interested in a specific bull, type his bull code, full name, or short name into the search box. You can access more than 15,000 Holstein bulls without the constant need for an internet connection!
Easily find whether individual Alta bulls have high fertility CONCEPT PLUS status, or if they are FUTURE STARS, G-STARS or available as Alta511 SexedUltra based on logo designations.
The boards of directors of Koepon Holding BV and Cooperative Resources International (CRI) have reached agreement on a plan to merge their organizations. The agreement is non-binding, and subject to due diligence and other customary conditions, including receipt of requisite governmental and other consents and approvals. Once completed, final agreement will be conditional upon approval by both boards of directors as well as the delegates of CRI. If successful, the organizations plan to formalize the merger by mid-2018.
Both Koepon and CRI, through Alta Genetics and GENEX, are global providers of bovine genetics and related services. Similarly, Koepon and CRI subsidiaries, Valley Ag Software and AgSource, provide herd management and information services to dairy producers. Koepon and CRI also have other businesses centered around services and products for agricultural producers. Koepon is privately owned, and CRI is cooperatively-owned by its farmer-members. CRI cooperative operations will be maintained as part of the merged entity. The new organization will be incorporated and headquartered in Wisconsin.
CRI (www.crinet.com), a member-owned holding cooperative headquartered in Shawano, Wisconsin, is the global leader in delivering excellence, innovation and value to members and customers. This mission proclaims CRI's position in the agriculture industry and commitment to those linked to the land through plant and animal production. CRI serves members and customers through diverse business segments: AgSource provides agricultural testing and informational services that transform meaningful data into innovative solutions; GENEX is a trusted provider of innovative excellence in cattle genetics; and MOFA GLOBAL develops superior quality assisted reproductive technologies. Employees from all segments live the values of innovation, integrity, leadership, quality and stewardship.
With strong roots in dairy farming through Pon family ownership, Koepon Holding (www.koepon.com) today is a vibrant combination of enterprises focused on creating value for beef and dairy producers worldwide. Through leading genetic improvement programs and reproductive services (Alta Genetics), insight rich dairy management software (Valley Ag Software), and premium calf nutrition products (SCCL), Koepon positively impacts the performance and results of beef and dairy producers. The company is fueled by the passion and pride of a worldwide team of talented and energetic people who focus daily on creating value and delivering results for their client partners.


text:
import { Http, Headers } from '@angular/http';
import { Response } from '@angular/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';
import * as models from '../model/models';
import { Configuration } from '../configuration';
export declare class OrganizationsApi {
    protected http: Http;
    configuration: Configuration;
    defaultHeaders: Headers;
    sbClientId: string;
    sbClientSecret: string;
    constructor(http: Http, configuration: Configuration);
    /**
     * Create new application
     * Create new application
     * @param organizationId Your Selfbits Organization ID
     * @param application Your new application
     */
    applicationsCreateOneByOrganization(organizationId: string, application: models.NewApplication, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.Application>;
    /**
     * Delete existing SELFBITS CLOUD PLATFORM application
     * Delete existing SELFBITS CLOUD PLATFORM application
     * @param organizationId Your Selfbits Organization ID
     * @param applicationId The tenant application identifier
     */
    applicationsDeleteOneByOrganization(organizationId: string, applicationId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<{}>;
    /**
     * Returns applications
     * Returns applications
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": \"sbcloud\"}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     */
    applicationsQueryByOrganization(organizationId: string, pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.ApplicationPage>;
    /**
     * Create new application
     * Create new application
     * @param organizationId Your Selfbits Organization ID
     * @param applicationId The tenant application identifier
     */
    applicationsReadOneByOrganization(organizationId: string, applicationId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.Application>;
    /**
     * Create new directory
     * Create new directory
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param directory Your new directory
     */
    directoriesCreateOneByOrganization(organizationId: string, directory?: models.NewDirectory, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.Directory>;
    /**
     * Bulk delete existing directories
     * Bulk delete existing directories
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": { \"$like\" : \"app%\"}, \"customData\": { \"$contains\": {\"key2\" : \"val2\"}}}
     */
    directoriesDeleteManyByOrganization(organizationId: string, filter: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.BulkDeleteResponse>;
    /**
     * delete existing directory
     * delete existing directory
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param directoryId The directory identifier
     */
    directoriesDeleteOneByOrganization(organizationId: string, directoryId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<{}>;
    /**
     * Returns directories
     * Returns directories
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": \"sbcloud\"}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     */
    directoriesQueryByOrganization(organizationId: string, pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.DirectoryPage>;
    /**
     * Get one existing directory
     * Get one existing directory
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param directoryId The directory identifier
     */
    directoriesReadOneByOrganization(organizationId: string, directoryId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.Directory>;
    /**
     * Bulk update existing users
     * Bulk update existing users
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": \"xyz\"}
     * @param directoryBulkUpdate Use filter to find the directories and do a bulk update
     */
    directoriesUpdateManyByOrganization(organizationId: string, filter: string, directoryBulkUpdate: models.DirectoryBulkUpdate, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.BulkUpdateResponse>;
    /**
     * update existing directory
     * update existing directory
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param directoryId The user identifier
     * @param updatedDirectory updated directory
     */
    directoriesUpdateOneByOrganization(organizationId: string, directoryId: string, updatedDirectory: models.DirectoryUpdate, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.Directory>;
    /**
     * Create organization invite
     * Create organization invite
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     */
    invitesCreateOneByOrganization(organizationId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.OrganizationInvite>;
    /**
     * Create organization invite
     * Create organization invite
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param userId The user identifier
     */
    invitesCreateOneByOrganizationAndUser(organizationId: string, userId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.OrganizationInvite>;
    /**
     * Bulk delete existing organization invites
     * Bulk delete existing organization invites
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": { \"$like\" : \"app%\"}, \"customData\": { \"$contains\": {\"key2\" : \"val2\"}}}
     */
    invitesDeleteManyByOrganization(organizationId: string, filter: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.BulkDeleteResponse>;
    /**
     * delete existing invite
     * delete existing invite
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param inviteId The invite identifier
     */
    invitesDeleteOneByOrganization(organizationId: string, inviteId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<{}>;
    /**
     * delete existing invite
     * delete existing invite
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param userId The user identifier
     * @param inviteId The invite identifier
     */
    invitesDeleteOneByOrganizationAndUser(organizationId: string, userId: string, inviteId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<{}>;
    /**
     * Returns invites
     * Returns invites
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"isPublic\": \"true\"}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     */
    invitesQueryByOrganization(organizationId: string, pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.OrganizationInvitePage>;
    /**
     * Returns invites
     * Returns invites
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param userId The user identifier
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"isPublic\": \"true\"}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     */
    invitesQueryByOrganizationAndUser(organizationId: string, userId: string, pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.OrganizationInvitePage>;
    /**
     * Get one existing invite
     * Get one existing invite
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param inviteId The invite identifier
     */
    invitesReadOneByOrganization(organizationId: string, inviteId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.OrganizationInvite>;
    /**
     * Create multiple new organizations
     * Create multiple new organizations
     * @param organizations Multiple organizations
     */
    organizationsCreateMany(organizations?: models.NewOrganizationArray, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.OrganizationArray>;
    /**
     * Create new organization
     * Create new organization
     * @param organization Your new organization
     */
    organizationsCreateOne(organization?: models.NewOrganization, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.Organization>;
    /**
     * Bulk delete existing organizations
     * Bulk delete existing organizations
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": { \"$like\" : \"app%\"}, \"customData\": { \"$contains\": {\"key2\" : \"val2\"}}}
     */
    organizationsDeleteMany(filter: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.BulkDeleteResponse>;
    /**
     * delete existing organization
     * delete existing organization
     * @param organizationId The organization identifier
     */
    organizationsDeleteOne(organizationId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<{}>;
    /**
     * Returns organizations
     * Returns organizations
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"isPublic\": \"true\"}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     * @param _public Fixed filter for public organizations
     */
    organizationsQuery(pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, _public?: boolean, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.OrganizationPage>;
    /**
     * Get one existing organization
     * Get one existing organization
     * @param organizationId The organization identifier
     */
    organizationsReadOne(organizationId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.Organization>;
    /**
     * Bulk update existing organizations
     * Bulk update existing organizations
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": \"xyz\"}
     * @param organizationBulkUpdate Use filter to find the organizations and do a bulk update
     */
    organizationsUpdateMany(filter: string, organizationBulkUpdate: models.OrganizationBulkUpdate, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.BulkUpdateResponse>;
    /**
     * update existing organization
     * update existing organization
     * @param organizationId The user identifier
     * @param updatedOrganization updated organization
     */
    organizationsUpdateOne(organizationId: string, updatedOrganization: models.OrganizationUpdate, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.Organization>;
    /**
     * Returns users that have signed up with a specific organization
     * Returns users that have signed up with a specific organization
     * @param organizationId The organization identifier
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": \"john doe\", \"customData\": { \"$contains\": {\"key2\" : \"val2\"}}}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1, \"name\" : 1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     */
    usersQueryByOrganization(organizationId: string, pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.UserPage>;
    /**
     * Returns a specific user that has signed up with a specific organization
     * Returns a specific user that has signed up with a specific organization
     * @param organizationId The organization identifier
     * @param userId The user identifier
     */
    usersReadOneByOrganization(organizationId: string, userId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<models.User>;
    /**
     * Remove a specific user from an organization
     * Remove a specific user from an organization
     * @param organizationId The organization identifier
     * @param userId The user identifier
     */
    usersRemoveFromOrganization(organizationId: string, userId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<{}>;
    /**
     * Create new application
     * Create new application
     * @param organizationId Your Selfbits Organization ID
     * @param application Your new application
     */
    applicationsCreateOneByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, application: models.NewApplication, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Delete existing SELFBITS CLOUD PLATFORM application
     * Delete existing SELFBITS CLOUD PLATFORM application
     * @param organizationId Your Selfbits Organization ID
     * @param applicationId The tenant application identifier
     */
    applicationsDeleteOneByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, applicationId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Returns applications
     * Returns applications
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": \"sbcloud\"}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     */
    applicationsQueryByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Create new application
     * Create new application
     * @param organizationId Your Selfbits Organization ID
     * @param applicationId The tenant application identifier
     */
    applicationsReadOneByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, applicationId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Create new directory
     * Create new directory
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param directory Your new directory
     */
    directoriesCreateOneByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, directory?: models.NewDirectory, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Bulk delete existing directories
     * Bulk delete existing directories
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": { \"$like\" : \"app%\"}, \"customData\": { \"$contains\": {\"key2\" : \"val2\"}}}
     */
    directoriesDeleteManyByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, filter: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * delete existing directory
     * delete existing directory
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param directoryId The directory identifier
     */
    directoriesDeleteOneByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, directoryId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Returns directories
     * Returns directories
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": \"sbcloud\"}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     */
    directoriesQueryByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Get one existing directory
     * Get one existing directory
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param directoryId The directory identifier
     */
    directoriesReadOneByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, directoryId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Bulk update existing users
     * Bulk update existing users
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": \"xyz\"}
     * @param directoryBulkUpdate Use filter to find the directories and do a bulk update
     */
    directoriesUpdateManyByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, filter: string, directoryBulkUpdate: models.DirectoryBulkUpdate, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * update existing directory
     * update existing directory
     * @param organizationId The target organization
     * @param directoryId The user identifier
     * @param updatedDirectory updated directory
     */
    directoriesUpdateOneByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, directoryId: string, updatedDirectory: models.DirectoryUpdate, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Create organization invite
     * Create organization invite
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     */
    invitesCreateOneByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Create organization invite
     * Create organization invite
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param userId The user identifier
     */
    invitesCreateOneByOrganizationAndUserWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, userId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Bulk delete existing organization invites
     * Bulk delete existing organization invites
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": { \"$like\" : \"app%\"}, \"customData\": { \"$contains\": {\"key2\" : \"val2\"}}}
     */
    invitesDeleteManyByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, filter: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * delete existing invite
     * delete existing invite
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param inviteId The invite identifier
     */
    invitesDeleteOneByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, inviteId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * delete existing invite
     * delete existing invite
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param userId The user identifier
     * @param inviteId The invite identifier
     */
    invitesDeleteOneByOrganizationAndUserWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, userId: string, inviteId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Returns invites
     * Returns invites
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"isPublic\": \"true\"}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     */
    invitesQueryByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Returns invites
     * Returns invites
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param userId The user identifier
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"isPublic\": \"true\"}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     */
    invitesQueryByOrganizationAndUserWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, userId: string, pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Get one existing invite
     * Get one existing invite
     * @param organizationId The target organization of your invite
     * @param inviteId The invite identifier
     */
    invitesReadOneByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, inviteId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Create multiple new organizations
     * Create multiple new organizations
     * @param organizations Multiple organizations
     */
    organizationsCreateManyWithHttpInfo(organizations?: models.NewOrganizationArray, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Create new organization
     * Create new organization
     * @param organization Your new organization
     */
    organizationsCreateOneWithHttpInfo(organization?: models.NewOrganization, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Bulk delete existing organizations
     * Bulk delete existing organizations
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": { \"$like\" : \"app%\"}, \"customData\": { \"$contains\": {\"key2\" : \"val2\"}}}
     */
    organizationsDeleteManyWithHttpInfo(filter: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * delete existing organization
     * delete existing organization
     * @param organizationId The organization identifier
     */
    organizationsDeleteOneWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Returns organizations
     * Returns organizations
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"isPublic\": \"true\"}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     * @param _public Fixed filter for public organizations
     */
    organizationsQueryWithHttpInfo(pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, _public?: boolean, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Get one existing organization
     * Get one existing organization
     * @param organizationId The organization identifier
     */
    organizationsReadOneWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Bulk update existing organizations
     * Bulk update existing organizations
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": \"xyz\"}
     * @param organizationBulkUpdate Use filter to find the organizations and do a bulk update
     */
    organizationsUpdateManyWithHttpInfo(filter: string, organizationBulkUpdate: models.OrganizationBulkUpdate, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * update existing organization
     * update existing organization
     * @param organizationId The user identifier
     * @param updatedOrganization updated organization
     */
    organizationsUpdateOneWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, updatedOrganization: models.OrganizationUpdate, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Returns users that have signed up with a specific organization
     * Returns users that have signed up with a specific organization
     * @param organizationId The organization identifier
     * @param pageSize Items per page
     * @param pageNumber The page index (starting from 1)
     * @param filter Sequelize filter object like {\"name\": \"john doe\", \"customData\": { \"$contains\": {\"key2\" : \"val2\"}}}
     * @param sort Sort object (1=ascending, -1=descending) like {\"createdAt\": -1, \"name\" : 1 }
     * @param select Select object (1=include, -1=exclude) like {\"Id\": 1, \"name\": 1 }
     */
    usersQueryByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, pageSize?: number, pageNumber?: number, filter?: string, sort?: string, select?: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Returns a specific user that has signed up with a specific organization
     * Returns a specific user that has signed up with a specific organization
     * @param organizationId The organization identifier
     * @param userId The user identifier
     */
    usersReadOneByOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, userId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
    /**
     * Remove a specific user from an organization
     * Remove a specific user from an organization
     * @param organizationId The organization identifier
     * @param userId The user identifier
     */
    usersRemoveFromOrganizationWithHttpInfo(organizationId: string, userId: string, extraHttpRequestParams?: any): Observable<Response>;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This month over 138 international publishers, booksellers, and antiquarian dealers will stock their bookshelves at Printed Matter's annual fair for contemporary art books, art catalogs, artists' books, art periodicals, and zines. In addition, the Art Library Society of New York is hosting a four-day conference to examine contemporary directions in artists' books. Chances are, both the fair and the conference will be overwhelmingly successful. Although the printed book in general has suffered at the hands of the digital revolution, things haven't changed too much for lovers of art books. Not merely readers, they are aficionados, aesthetes of the printed page who cherish the touch and feel of ink on paper, and who can afford to cultivate their tastes. Collecting limited-edition books is far less expensive than collecting most other art forms. So even as the art market careens toward an inevitable "correction," the book fair is likely to prosper. Cheapness, however, is a relative concept. And traditionally, the artists' book has financially challenged not so much the collector as the artist.
Despite the innovations of on-demand publishing, some artists still like to bind books by hand at The Center for Book Arts.
Until recently, publishing options for artists, unless funded by dealers, publishers, grants, or trust funds, have been limited. In theory, book projects were aimed at bypassing the gallery system to the artist's economic advantage, but in practice, the need for outside funding simply added another gatekeeper. Artists who chose to finance the production of books on their own were limited in terms of print quality and print-run, both of which must be fairly high for stores specializing in artist books, like Printed Matter, to accept them for distribution.
Printed Matter, a non-profit organization founded in 1976 and dedicated to the promotion of books created by artists, requires at least 100 finished copies for its inventory, dummies and prototypes being unacceptable. Thus, independent artists who wanted Printed Matter to distribute their books either had to sink a lot of money into the effort (the minimum conventional print-run is often 500), or take on the arduous task of printing and binding the books themselves.
But now artists have affordable options thanks to on-demand publishers like Blurb and Lulu. Blurb, founded in 2005 by photographer Eileen Gittins, who was stymied in an attempt to publish a book of her photographs by the high cost and low quality offered by existing publishers. Gittens initially started Blurb to serve photographers like herself, but quickly—and inevitably, given the broad applicability of the technology—she moved the company into other areas. For instance, Blurb began creating books from blogs. Artists can download the Blurb page layout software, easily add text and images (or import blog posts) to the template, send the completed file to print electronically, and receive a bound book in the mail within ten days. The entire job may set the customer back as little as ten dollars (plus shipping). There's no minimum quantity, and once the artist approves the book, Blurb is willing to distribute it, too. The company has no commercial or practical need to keep a cumbersome inventory of printed books; it simply hangs on to the digital file and prints it out as orders come in. Artists announce the publications on their websites and blogs, or show samples at exhibitions; buyers purchase their books directly from Blurb's website. Last year Blurb printed over 90,000 books.
Lulu does business a little differently, but is driven by the same basic technological efficiencies. Founded in 2003 by entrepreneur Bob Young, Lulu defines itself not as a publisher but as "a digital marketplace," and has over 1.2 million registered users. Artists can print book projects and set up their own "storefronts" through which they can sell their books and those created by other Lulu users. Like Blurb, Lulu enables artists to publish precisely as many (or as few) books as they need with no prepress fees or startup costs. Self-publishing, of course, has always existed for writers, but these new companies are geared toward artists' needs, which include high-quality full-color images an array of sizes and binding choices. If, for writers, self-publishing carries a stigma—the assumption being that anyone resorting to a "vanity house" can't be good enough get a "real publisher"—for visual artists it is a celebrated and integral part of their creative culture.
In my personal experience, on-demand publishing has radically changed how I approach exhibition documentation and writing projects. Before it was available, I curated an exhibition at a non-profit gallery with a $500 budget from grant funding to create a catalogue or brochure. The possibilities afforded by that sum were extremely limited. I could have used the money to create a simple four-page color brochure (basically, one piece of paper printed on two sides and folded), or a black-and-white 24-page booklet with an essay, images of each work, and artists' biographies. I opted for the 24-page book on lightweight, glossy paper and saddle stitching (also known as "staples"). Although I only wanted 200 copies, the minimum order was a thousand. Ultimately, the little booklet, which went over budget, adequately documented the project. But without color, the images suffered and the result was not terribly impressive. Today, even galleries with shoestring budgets can engage outfits like Blurb and Lulu to produce handsomely bound, full-color artists' books or catalogues to accompany each exhibition.
That said, on-demand publishing will probably never completely supplant limited-edition or one-of-a-kind art books. Last month, I visited The Center for Book Arts, which was established to preserve the traditional crafts of the handmade book, and chatted with James Copeland, its external affairs manager, about the Center's workshops. He attested to their popularity and the intensity of the artists' participation. These phenomena suggest that those intent on learning to use letterpress printers and bind books by hand may in fact be resisting the encroachment of digital technology on art practice. Copeland also surmised that the bookmaking process appealed to artists, particularly graphic designers, who yearned for something more substantial than bits and bytes. Interestingly, as more fine artists adopt digital tools like blogs and page layout software, designers are drawn in the other direction, towards limited-edition, handmade projects. These trends indicate that on-demand publishing will not render the more traditional crafts obsolete or passé, but both will coexist in some kind of equilibrium.
And there will always be room for the artists' book as a one-of-a-kind object, as demonstrated by the prolific Amy Wilson's current exhibition at BravinLee Programs. Unlike contemporary text artists such as Laurence Weiner and his followers, Wilson is more interested in the narrative use of language than in its semantic meaning. Her show features her usual cast of innocent, skinny-legged girls, all dressed in micro-minis, surrounded by handwritten text bubbles containing confessional outpourings about politics, art, science, and metaphysics. The thematic focus of the show, The Myth of Loneliness, is a fifteen-foot-long handmade pop-up book in which her penciled text snakes around three-dimensional paper buildings, trees, trains, and bridges. While reading it, I got the discomfiting feeling that I was inside Wilson's head, listening to her think. The text in one drawing revealed that when she was a child, she thought the constant activity humming in her brain was abnormal. In later passages we learn that as she grew up, she came to appreciate and indulge her mind's constant agitation, which is clearly evident in her text-rich drawings and books. All artists want to show, but some want to tell, too. Artists' books, in all their forms, let us do both.


Today's podcast share is about resistence. What you resist, persists! Let's share a few thoughts on letting go a bit so that we can move forward.
This is a mandala which I painted on my phone today. Gratitude!
Here is the player with today's podcast.
This entry was posted in Inspirational, Motivational, Positive Affirmations, Work and Career and tagged career, letting go, positive affirmations, resistence, self improvement, stefsvoice4u. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
OJVM Vol.6 No.3 , March 2016
Availability of Information on Reptile Health and Welfare from Stores Selling Reptiles
David L. Williams*, Rebecca Jackson
Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
Abstract: The popularity of keeping reptiles such as snakes and lizards is ever increasing. The health and welfare of these animals depends on the knowledge and understanding of their environmental and nutritional needs. But where does a new owner of these species obtain such information? This study aims to investigate what information is available in pet shops and stores for the reptile owning public and how well this information is imparted. Our findings show that there is a lot of excellent advice on the husbandry of reptiles in some shops while others offer less advice. It is hoped that through this study areas of downfall on primary knowledge can be recognized so that all shops can aspire to the highest levels of information.
Keywords: Reptile, Health, Welfare, Care, Information
Received 18 January 2016; accepted 14 March 2016; published 17 March 2016
It is widely recognized that for reptiles, as for all exotic companion animal species, husbandry is the key to health. And since reptiles are kept more and more widely as pets in the UK, we have to ask where new owners of snakes and lizards, chameleons and geckos are getting the information they need to ensure optimal husbandry for their new charges. In 2013 it was estimated that 400,000 lizards and 300,000 snakes were kept as household pets in the UK [1] . More than 30 years ago Cowan discussed the problem of maldapation where reptile health and well being was compromised by a number of failures in adequately providing for the physiological and behavioral needs of the animal [2] . It is widely recognized by those working with diseases of any captive exotic species that husbandry failures are key to providing for these animals in captivity. Yet we still see significant problems in reptile health and welfare because owners simply do not know how to care for their pets. Even in these times when the internet is a fount of information, pet shops that sell reptiles are often the primary source of information for those aiming to buy and keep these poikilothermic species, yet how well are those who work in such stores informed about the requirements, physiological and behavioural needs of the animals they are selling?
Warwick and colleagues have undertaken a survey of reptile and amphibian pet markets across the European Union with damning results [3] [4] , yet their review does not detail ways in which the problems highlighted for reptile health and welfare can be overcome. In the present survey, it is hoped that, through evaluating the information available from the shops where these animals are sold, improvements can be made by optimizing such information and thus improving reptile health and welfare.
Fifty pet shops in several locations across the UK were visited over a 12 month period. Information on reptile care and welfare was gathered by asking those working in the store a structured set of questions. The questions particularly focused on species recommended for a first time reptile owner, recommended enclosure size and furnishings, requirements of the species involved regarding thermoregulation, humidity, ultraviolet illumination, feeding and nutrition, life expectancy, possible illnesses and availability of veterinary treatment.
Of the 50 shops visited 33 (66%) were general pet stores while 17 were specific reptile/exotic pet centres. 12% of the shops visited provided a specific member of staff to answer any questions related to the reptile species that they sold. Table 1 shows the results for all shops.
Table 2 demonstrates the species most commonly recommended by the store staff for first time reptile owners. The majority consisted of bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), leopard geckos(Eublepharis macularius) and corn snakes(Pantherophis guttatus).
Housing must promote the physical and psychological health and wellbeing of the reptile by allowing it to express natural behaviors, in particular locomotion, basking and hiding [5] [6] . 94% of pet shops gave recommendations for vivarium size within the guideline limits previously set [7] [8] but with regard to advice on substrates to be used there were many and varying recommendations. The majority of shops (52%) suggested bark or woodchips while 23% recommended sand. 5% recommended "reptile carpet" and 9% suggested kitchen roll or newspaper, whilst 4% recommended soil. 7% did not mention substrate. 70% of shops visited recommended providing a hiding place for the reptile. All pet shops which recommended purchasing an arboreal species recommended climbing apparatus. 4% of shops talked about "decor" suggesting that they may place more importance on the cosmetic appearance of the enclosure for the owner than for the requirements of the animal.
With regard to the key issue of temperature for these poikilothermic animals, shops made different recommendations for various species. 13% recommended the use of two sources of heat but only 8% discussed the importance of a temperature gradient. 22% of shops recommended a monitoring device be used to determine the temperature of the vivarium. Concerning snakes, 85% of shops suggested the use of a heat mat, whilst 15% recommended instead the use of an overhead heat source such as a ceramic bulb. With regard to lizards 60% of shops selling gecko species recommended the use of a heat mat only while 37% recommended the use of on overhead heating bulb. For bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), 83% recommended a ceramic heat bulb or a basking light. Humidity is central to optimal reptile husbandry, so it was thus concerning that few sellers mentioned humidity. Only 26% of shops visited gave any recommendations at all in verbal communication while 12% made no mention of humidity in the store but provided an information sheet which did give details of humidity requirements. The rest of the stores (62%) provided no information. Similarly providing ultraviolet light is important in any species of reptile. With regard to snakes, no sellers made any recommendation regarding the purchase of an ultraviolet source while 80% of stores offering bearded dragon for sale recommended ultraviolet light use. Only 35% of those offering leopard geckos for sale advised purchase of an ultraviolet light source. No discussion was made by any seller about the benefits or harm of ultraviolet, nor the intensity of bulbs to use or the need to replace the bulb after 6 months.
Table 1. Data recorded from 50 pet shops and reptile stores.
Codes for Table 1.
Table 2. Species of reptile recommended by pet stores for novice reptile owners.
Correct diet is similarly essential for health of captive reptiles and different species require various specific dietary items. All sellers appeared to understand the importance of nutrition as well as the requirements for the species for sale. For example all pet shops selling bearded dragons recommended fruit and vegetables as well as live feed involving mainly crickets. All sellers of leopard geckos recommended live food only. All sellers of corn snakes recommended thawed rodents of varying sizes and at varying intervals depending on the age of the snake. Only 11% advised not to handle the snake after feeding. Again only a small number (12%) of the shops visited advised on some sort of vitamin/calcium supplementation.
Concerning signs of health and disease, 88% of pet shops visited were able to communicate some information regarding what signs to look for concerning an unhealthy reptile. Only 12% were able to recommend a specific veterinary practice which would be able to provide care for reptiles. 20% of shops did not know what to recommend while 10% advised that if there were ever any signs of illness to bring the reptile back to the shop for health care.
When asked how long a reptile purchased could be expected to live stores gave a variety of answers. The life expectancy of a captive corn snake can be up to 20 - 25 years [9] although in captivity they generally life much shorter lives, often only up to 10 years. 75% of pet shops selling corn snakes advised owners that they would live for longer than this, averaging 15 - 20 years. A captive bearded dragon would be expected to live for 5 - 10 years [10] . 50% of the shops gave advice within this range, whilst the other half gave an average of 15 or more years. Finally the expected life expectancy of the leopard gecko is over 20 years [11] . 68% of stores advised a much lower life expectancy, averaging 10 - 15 years.
4. Discussions
Many people to keeping reptiles at first have no concept of the needs of their charges either theoretically through an understanding of the poikilothermic physiology, the nutritional prerequisites and the behavioural requirements of the animal or practically in grasping the technicalities of proving an appropriate captive environment for their new pets. The Animal Welfare Act (2006) requires not only that owners prevent harm occurring to animals under their care, but also that they take actions to promote the individual's health and welfare. For this it is clearly necessary for owners to understand how to provide this for the animals they purchase, and the government provides guides for welfare of a number of companion animal species and for captive primates but not for reptiles. While the internet can provide valuable information it can also be confusing and contradictory. The shop or store from which the reptile is purchased should, however, be an ideal portal for provision of relevant and appropriate information. Here we sought to assess whether the information both verbal and written available in 50 stores selling reptiles was appropriate and accurate.
One problem with such an assessment is defining what a correct answer to many of these questions is. Perhaps we can take a few specific examples to illustrate the difficulty. Asking what substrate should be used for a leopard gecko may yield the response that paper towel is the best material. Sand, woodchips or small pebbles can be ingested and cause gastrointestinal impactions, especially in juveniles. Reptile carpet may be recommended by some but toes can be trapped in the material and soil, while nature, can be a source of pathogenic micro-organisms. Yet owners who wish to create a naturalistic environment may well wish to use bark chippings or sand. This shows the tension between what is the best for the animal from a veterinary perspective and from a reptile hobby owner's viewpoint; this difference potentially explains the variation in recommendation between different stores.
On the other hand, there are features that should be universally accepted. Providing an enclosure that allows the animal to fulfil its natural behaviours is essential to promote welfare and thus optimising health [12] [13] . To give one example, arboreal snakes are not only physiologically and anatomically tailored to climbing activity [14] but also behaviourally adapted; it is essential that branches or similar structures are provided to allow such behaviour [15] . Indeed all stores with arboreal reptiles recommended cage furniture which allows climbing. Similarly provision of shelter is essential for any reptile, indeed for every animal of whatever species and 70% of stores recommended provision of a shelter. Lack of shelter increased plasma cortisol levels in one report on captive viperid snakes when a hear source was also lacking [16] .
Such a finding highlights the fact that for reptiles, as poikilothermic species, maintaining a correct temperature is a key feature of optimal husbandry. In fact the key requirement is a temperature gradient to allow reptiles to vary their body temperature at different times of day [17] , before and after meals [18] , as behavioural pyrexia following bacterial infection [19] or even behavioural hypothermia in periods of exhaustion [20] . So while all stores recommended a source of heat it is concerning that only 8% mentioned the need for a thermal gradient. Different species may have markedly different optimal temperature zones [21] . Even sympatric species can differ markedly in their thermal environmental requiements [22] . These variations often linked to differences in behaviour in the wild [23] .
Given all these factors, it is vital that any newly purchased reptile is given the correct environmental temperature range from the very start of its life with a new owner. Incorrect provision of a thermal source can have fatal consequences from long-term metabolic, digestive and immune malfunction inn hypothermia to more catastrophic conditions such as thermal burns from incorrectly positioned or monitored heat sources [5] [24] . Before purchase of a reptile it is recommended that the owner should undertake research into the temperature requirements of the particular species to be obtained. Is the species predominantly a heliotherm, obtaining heat from basking or a thigmotherm where the animal absorbs most heat from its immediate surroundings? Temperature should be monitored at the cool end of the vivarium so as to ensure it is neither overheating during the day nor dropping too low at night. Heat mats and heat rocks are discouraged by any as they often result in thermal burns and provide only a focal area of heat. No heat sources should be accessible to contact with the reptile and should be guarded.
Humidity is a vital but often neglected component of reptile husbandry. Incorrectly low humidity can result in severe consequences, often in relation to inadequate or incomplete ecdysis [25] . In contrast too high humidity can contribute to the growth of bacterial or fungal pathogens [26] . In natural environments, most small reptiles will spend much of their time in burrows or beneath rocks or leaf litter etc. where humidity is higher and air convection is lower than what is generally perceived. It has been recommended that relative humidity in captivity should be kept at 70% for all species, with some such as chameleons requiring much higher humid conditions [27] .
Many species of reptile require ultraviolet light for cutaneous synthesis of previtamin D3 and the maintenance of active vitamin D in blood [28] . Some reptiles have been raised or maintained successfully without UV light but with dietary supplementation of vitamin D3, and generally ultraviolet light is to be recommended. In order to ensure adequate UV availability, regular changing of the bulbs should be undertaken. While a majority of stores recommended purchase of an ultraviolet light but none gave detailed information about the reasons behind the need for such illumination or how regularly bulbs needed to be changed. More information is needed in this area.
As with all other animals, a balanced diet must be provided which includes all the necessary nutrients for growth and development. This must be of the appropriate quantity, quality and composition for the species, sex, age and season. Malnourishment problems regularly encountered include obesity as a consequence of overfeeding given the low metabolism of reptiles, as well as unawareness of the toxicity of certain substances such as spinach which is high in oxalic acid which can result in circulation disorders. Therefore it is vital that before purchase, a thorough understanding is gained of how to provide a diet that is both attractive and accepted, as well as providing adequate nutrition. For example, most lizards and snakes are sight feeders, whilst skinks and geckos are frugivores, being attracted to sweet nectar-rich fruit. It is important to feed live crickets appropriately, for example with a calcium source which will then be beneficial to the reptile. Other supplementation of vitamins and minerals must be carefully conducted to avoid vitamin toxicities and Ca:P imbalance. While a majority of stores gave appropriate advice on feeding the species they offered for sale, further information especially regarding the underlying reasons for the nutrition to be provided would always be valuable.
As noted earlier the most common causes of decreased life expectancy and illness in reptiles are often related to poor husbandry. It is of vital importance that keepers of reptiles are aware of the problems that may be encountered and where to take their animal for veterinary attention. A mere 8% of stores were able to give some advice regarding signs of ill health and only 12% were in the position to recommend a local veterinary practice with an interest or expertise in reptile care. It could therefore be recommended that veterinary practices which do provide reptile care should ensure contact with respective pet shops in their area to optimise the opportunity for new owners of reptiles to be directed in their direction.
*Corresponding author.
Cite this paper: Williams, D. and Jackson, R. (2016) Availability of Information on Reptile Health and Welfare from Stores Selling Reptiles. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 6, 59-67. doi: 10.4236/ojvm.2016.63007.
[1] Pet Food Manufacturers' Association (2013) Pet Population Survey.
http://www.pfma.org.uk/pet-population-2015
[2] Cowan, D.F. (1980) Adaptation, Maladaption and Disease. Reproductive Biology and Diseases of Captive Reptiles, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Contributions to Herpetology, 1, 191-196.
[3] Warwick, C., Arena, P., Lindley, S., Jessop, M. and Steedman, C. (2013) Assessing Reptile Welfare Using Behavioural Criteria. In Practice, 35, 123-131.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inp.f1197
[4] Ashley, S., Brown, S., Ledford, J., Martin, J., Nash, A.E., Terry, A., Tristan, T. and Warwick, C. (2014) Morbidity and Mortality of Invertebrates, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals at a Major Exotic Companion Animal Wholesaler. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 17, 308-321.
[5] de Vosjoli, P. (1999) Designing Environments for Captive Amphibians and Reptiles. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 2, 43-68.
[6] Hernandez-Divers, S.J. (2001) Clinical Aspects of Reptile Behaviour. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 4, 599-612.
[7] RSPCA (2002) Far from Home: Guidelines on Care of Reptiles in Captivity. RSPCA, Horsham.
[8] State of New South Wales (2013) State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage. Code of Practice for the Private Keeping of Reptiles.
http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/wildlifelicences/ReptileCode.htm
[9] Robert, K.A., Brunet-Rossinni, A. and Bronikowski, A.M. (2007) Testing the "Free Radical Theory of Aging" Hypothesis: Physiological Differences in Long-Lived and Short-Lived Colubrid Snakes. Aging Cell, 6, 395-404.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00287.x
[10] Paré, J.A. and Lentini, A.M. (2010) Reptile Geriatrics. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 13, 15-25.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2009.09.003
[11] Bannock, C.A., Whitasker, A.H. and Hickling, G.J. (1999) Extreme Longevity of the Common Gecko on Motunau Island, Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 23, 101-103.
[12] Meredith, A. and Johnson-Delaney, C. (2010) BSAVA Manual of Exotic Pets. 5th Edition, BSAVA, Shurdington.
[13] Pough, F.H. (1991) Recommendations for the Care of Amphibians and Reptiles in Academic Institutions. ILAR Journal, 33, S5-S21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilar.33.4.s1
[14] Pizzatto, L., Almeida-Santos, S.M. and Shine, R. (2007) Life-History Adaptations to Arboreality in Snakes. Ecology, 88, 359-366.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[359:LATAIS]2.0.CO;2
[15] Mason, R.T., Hoyt Jr., R.F., Pannel, L.K., Wellner, E.F. and Demeter, B. (1981) Cage Design and Configuration for Arborealreptiles. Laboratory Animal Science, 41, 84-86.
[16] Bonnet, X., Fizesan, A. and Michel, C.L. (2013) Shelter Availability, Stress Level and Digestive Performance in the Aspic Viper. Journal of Experimental Biology, 216, 815-822.
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[17] Innocenti, A., Minutini, L. and Foà, A. (1993) The Pineal and Circadian Rhythms of Temperature Selection and Locomotion in Lizards. Physiology and Behaviour, 53, 911-915.
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[18] Tsai, T.S., Lee, H.J. and Tu, M.C. (2009) Bioenergeticmodeling Reveals That Chinese Green Tree Vipers Select Postprandial Temperatures in Laboratory Thermal Gradients That Maximize Net Energy Intake. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular Integrative Physiology, 154, 394-400.
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[20] Wagner, E.L., Scholnick, D.A. and Gleeson, T.T. (1999) The Roles of Acidosis and Lactate in the Behavioral Hypothermia of Exhausted Lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology, 202, 325-331.
[21] Warwick, C., Fyre, F.L. and Murphy, J.B. (1995) Health and Welfare of Captive Reptiles. Chapman and Hall, London.
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[22] Lelièvre, H., Le Hénanff, M., Blouin-Demers, G., Naulleau, G. and Lourdais, O. (2010) Thermal Strategies and Energetics in Two Sympatric Colubrid Snakes with Contrasted Exposure. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 180, 415-425.
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[23] Daly, B.G., Dickman, C.R. and Crowther, M.S. (2008) Causes of Habitat Divergence in Two Species of Agamid Lizards in Arid Central Australia. Ecology, 89, 65-76.
[24] Merck, S. and Corp, D. (2010) Selecting a Reptile. Merck and Co., Kenilworth.
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[26] Maas III, A.K. (2013) Vesicular, Ulcerative, and Necrotic Dermatitis of Reptiles. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 16, 737-755.
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Post by Rosenberg Police Department.
Ever wonder what goes on inside of a patrol car? Apparently, a lot of jamming to pop stars like Katy Perry!
Two cops who work for the Rosenberg Police Department in Texas recently filmed themselves rocking out to Katy's Juicy J collaboration, 'Dark Horse.' The uniformed officers totally nail the lip syncing -- and even give off a little of the singer's signature attitude!
While the video is hilarious, the offices admit there's a strategy behind the cover song.
"We actually want to be able to show people that we're just people, just like everybody else," Officer Aerial Ronell told local news outlet KPRC.
"The message is that we're not the enemy, we're the friends of the community," added Officer Ranell Roy.
Seeing as the video has already been shared on Facebook more than 95,000 times, we'd say they're off to a solid start! Watch the cops' unexpectedly awesome lip syncing cover of 'Dark Horse' in the video above!


text:
Q: Understanding voltage drop Meanwhile in quarantine I been trying to learn about electronics. I am still not able to understand the voltage drop when it comes to long wires. My goal is to be able to send a 5v signal over a very long wire. I have read a lot about Ohm's law, done a lot of exercises and I am still confused.
Before conducting the real experiment with the long wire I will like to simulate it it. Here is the simulation of what I am doing:

*

*According to google the resistance of the cable I am using is .05 ohms per meter. If the distance is 200 meters that means there will be a resistance of .05 * 200 = 10 ohms.

*If I intend to send a 5v signal over a long wire this is my simulation:

(The long 200 meters wires represent the resistors in the diagram)

*According to Ohm's law the current of this circuit will be V=I*R  ->  5=I*20  -> I=0.25 amps

*Knowing the current I can calculate the voltage drop across each resistor will be V=I*R -> V=0.25*10  -> V=2.5. Therefore the voltages of the circuit will be as:(The first part of the circuit has 5 volts. After the long wire there will be 2.5 volts and at the end 0 volts.)

*To prove this is correct this is a circuit in real life:  (The yellow cable comes from the power supply with 5V. Then that is connected to the red cable. The red cable is connected to the 10 Ohms resistor. Then there is a blue cable connected to the other resistor. And finally that is connected to the black cable ground)

*If I then use a volt meter I can see the the voltage drop between the red wire and blue wire is 2.5 Volts:

*Now here is my question. Why do I still read 5 Volts if I place the proves like this:

On the internet everyone says that running 5V signals over long signals is not a good idea. Maybe it is not a good idea if you are planing to send current. I can understand that the current will drop a lot. But the voltage will not correct? On the other end of the 200 meter wire I just want to read a voltage in order to get a signal. What am I doing wrong? Why I cannot send a PWM signal using this approach?
Questions
A. When reading a PWM signal with arduino does arduino read the voltages or the current? I think it reads the Voltage and does not care about current like just like the volt meter? I just want to send a PWM signal over the long wires to trigger an event at the other end.
B. Why people on the internet say there will be a voltage drop when using long cables. I just simulated a very long cable and I am still able to read 5 Volts.
Solution
I know the solution will be to use an optocoupler with a higher voltage because I been researching on the internet. But I still want to understand why is my approach not correct and will probably not work.
Edit
Sorry I broke the circuit. If I place a 10K resistor in order to complete the circuit I still read 5V.

The circuit is complete and I am still reading 5V over the 200meters wire.

A:
Why do I still read 5 Volts if I place the proves like this

In this picture you've removed the wire connecting the two resistors.
Therefore there is no current flowing through the 1st 10-ohm resistor. So, by Ohm's Law, there is no voltage drop across it, and both of its ends are at +5 V.
And there is no current flowing through the 2nd 10-ohm resistor. So, by Ohm's Law, there is no voltage drop across it and both of its ends are at 0 V.
And the difference between 5 V and 0 v is 5 V.

A: A) Arduino analog input reads voltages.
B) People in the internet send current over the wire, so wire resistance causes drop. The case where your circuit has no current flowing has also no drop.

A: When you connect a number of resistors in series to a 5V source, if you determine the voltage drop for each resistor and add those figures up, you'll always get 5 volts. The individual voltage drops will be proportional to the resistances.
When you add the 10k resistor, the resistances are 10, 10000 and 10 ohm, so no wonder the voltage drop across the biggest resistor is almost the entire 5V. When the 10k isn't present, the voltmeter itself takes its place. By design, voltmeters have high internal resistances (megaohms or more), thus the reading will be very close to 5V.
The problem with having long wires is that their resistances become comparable to those of your load so it's as though your load were connected to a 3V source or something like that, which might be too low for the load. And if it has a resistance high enough that it's still way greater than that of the wires, then the current might be too low to get any use of the load.
Thus it all boils down to what the internal resistance of the Arduino measuring circuit is going to be when the pin is put into analog input mode. The spec says it's 100MΩ, which will allow you to measure your voltage well, the extra resistance of the wires will however delay the charging of the capacitor that Arduino uses. Not by much though, the spec says the internal resistance of the source should be below 10k, your wires aren't anywhere close to that.
Finally, long wires suffer from EM interference, which might be a bigger problem than a voltage drop, depending on your environment.

A:
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Figure 1. Feeding a short-circuit, feeding a reasonable load and feeding an open-circuit.

*

*In the first case you have a short-circuit at the load end so the voltage is zero and no useful work is done. The current through the circuit will be \$ I = \frac V R = \frac 5 {20} = 0.25\ \text A \$.

*In the second case you have a reasonable load of 980 Ω (just chosen to make the maths easy). The current through the circuit is \$ I = \frac V R = \frac 5 {1000} = 5\ \text {mA} \$. The voltage at the load will be 4.9 V and the total drop caused by the loop will be 0.1 V.

*In the third case the circuit is open. No current is flowing so there is no voltage drop across the 10 Ω resistors. The voltage measured will be 5 V.

A: Other people already answered the question of why your measurements are what they are, I will attempt to approach the problem from your use case.

*

*Arduino analog inputs don't draw much current, so the voltage drop over long cables should be minimal. At 200 meters I would be more concerned about external interference, which can be minimized by keeping the wires closely together (preferably twisting them), but that's a much longer topic.

*PWM signal is not really an analog voltage signal. It's a square wave, which needs to be filtered to extract the analog voltage you want. A simple RC low pass filter should be enough, like this:

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Presented values are only an example for an 10kHz PWM signal, you can use a calculator like this one to adjust it to your needs.
The filter should be placed between the signal source and the cable, so that the cable only has to transmit relatively slow changing voltage. This will reduce interference created by the cable itself.

*Unless you need multiple actions triggered by a single cable pair (and the signal source isn't advanced enough for a proper long distance protocol like RS485), using analog voltage is an unnecessary complication. For the simplest on-off control, a simple digital signal should suffice, for example 0-5V signal feeding through a current limiting resistor into a normal digital input of the Arduino (or into an optoisolator if you want protection for the relatively fragile Arduino).

A: You have to have a load to draw current then add subtract the vd from this base. Else it's into a short circuit not a load. Then there's impeadence.

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Home/Community/Black History discussion to explore Hope integration
Black History discussion to explore Hope integration
Rick KennedyFebruary 13, 2019
HOPE – The 1969-1970 school years represented a turning point in public education in Hope as school integration was implemented across the Hope Public Schools. That critical juncture will be the focus of a panel discussion in a Black History Month presentation by the Hope Public Schools on Thursday, Feb. 21.
"Hope Public Schools: A Turning Point" will be the theme for the evening, beginning at 6 p.m. in the Hope High School Auditorium.
A panel of former Hope school students and former Hope educators who came together to effect the changes in local schools fostered by the integration of public schools in Arkansas will discuss their experiences and answer questions from current social studies classes about that period.
Hope Superintendent Dr. Bobby Hart said the public is invited to attend the discussion.
"It is important to our future that we have an understanding of our past," Dr. Hart said. "Our district is a diverse one and our diversity should be celebrated and recognized. The views that our panelists will have present us with a look at what our community and school system were like during that period. The conversation is being held to celebrate our past and to help us improve for our future."
The 1970 Hope High School yearbook put the turning point of integration into perspective.
"The merger of Yerger High School with Hope High School in September brought the total student count to 933," the publication states. "It takes 51 teachers, 2 administrators, and 6 staff members to carry on the business on the hill.
"With unification came improvements: such as Department setup with related subjects located in one area," the yearbook states. "For the first nine week the auditorium became a classroom until the completion of the five-classroom building adjoining the annex (former HJHS)."
There are typical student laments that cross all lines.
"Student parking, always a problem, has been pushed to the outside; behind the field house and behind Dr. Branch's house," the yearbook states. "Seven of the busses land at the old parking lot at 8:15 a.m. daily. You have to experience this event to understand."
But, it is Principal Joe Barentine's opening day statement that concludes the short essay.
"Principal Barentine's words at the opening session of school are becoming a reality according to some observers: 'Hope High School has the potential to be the best in the state,'" the yearbook notes.
Prior to 1969, public schools in Hope, Hempstead County and much of Arkansas were segregated between black and white student bodies.
The black education system in Hope, under the auspices of the county school board system then in place, was originally embodied in the Yerger School system, which originated in 1886 from the Shover Street School for black children established by Professor Henry Clay Yerger. Eventually, the Yerger High School campus was established on five acres of property which is now the Yerger Middle School campus, purchased in 1931 by the local school board. After World War II, Will V. Rutherford, principal of the H.C. Yerger School from 1949 to 1969 became the first principal of Yerger Middle School after integration. It was during Rutherford's tenure that the H. C. Yerger School saw its most rapid expansion with the addition of a high school annex, lunchroom, adult and veteran's programs, vocational building and construction of Shover Street Elementary School. The high school was accepted into full accreditation by the North Central Association of High Schools and Colleges, and became a member of the organization in March, 1958, as a result of Rutherford's leadership.
During the period from 1931 forward, the white education system in Hope was operated from three campuses at Brookwood Elementary School, later Edith Brown Elementary, Garland Elementary School, and a newly-constructed Hope High School, the core of which remains in use today.
The entire school system, black and white campuses, was overseen by then Superintendent James H. Jones, under the direction of school board members George Frazier, Dr. Herbert Rogers, Dr. Forney G. Holt, Dr. Jud B. Martindale, Dr. Sam W. Strong Jr., William E. Tolleson, and William R. Routon, according to the 1969 HHS yearbook.
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AEP Ohio made an announcement back in September last year that they were building a new Grandview Service Center. The old building on Goodale has been torn down and it looks like they are now preparing the foundations for the new building.
The project is supposed to cost $4.8 million and will hold 58 employees, mostly shifted from other places to the new shop. I don't think any awards are in the cards for the utilitarian building that will be finished sometime late in 2014, but anything is an improvement to the 1940's shacks that it replaces.
The interesting bit in this photo is the mountain of dirt that has been revealed in the background since the removal of the old shop.
That mound of dirt is hundreds of yards behind the AEP property, on the other side of the railroad tracks. The distance makes estimates hard, but I'm guessing that is a 50 foot tall pile. What is the deal with this new mountain?
The location of the mountain is the Kaplin site, where a developer tried and failed to build a project to be called "Grandview Station" (now called "Grandview Crossing"). It is now being remediated with a Clean Ohio grant by Wagenbrenner Development. The completion of that cleanup is supposed to take years, and further development not expected before 2021.
So my lazyweb question – why did they create the huge dirt pile? It's much taller than any further construction might use on the property – unless a ski hill is part of the new development.
(update) There is now an issue with the cleanup on the Kaplin property, getting a special permit from the EPA will cause all water wells within a half-mile to be prohibited from use. The Grandview pool is a short distance away, the well that is used to fill the pool saves the city big money, at least $12K a year. Adding new pipes to connect to the Columbus water system could cost $80K. The council is not happy.
The dirt pile is on the opposite side of 33 from the location of the old Toepfner mound. I wrote about this historical Adena monument, and how it was torn down to make commercial buildings.
What would the Adena tribe think if they could see a new mound going up across the street, ten times the size of the old mound?