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House of Commons Hansard #134 of the 44th Parliament, 1st Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was s-4.
Birthday Congratulations
Canadian Men's Soccer Team
International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women
Twelve Days of Action to End Violence Against Women
Holiday Season in Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier
Environmentally Responsible Business
Lions Foundation of Canada
Gatineau 2 Project
Democratic Institutions
National Ribbon Skirt Day Act
Business of the HouseOral Questions
Andrew Scheer Conservative Regina—Qu'Appelle, SK
Yes, Mr. Speaker, it is the best part of Thursday. It is the Thursday question. I just want to ask the government House leader if he can inform the members as to the business for the rest of this week and for next week as well.
I would like to take the opportunity to make a couple of suggestions for government business. We had the Bank of Canada governor admit at committee that deficits fuel inflation, so I was wondering if there would be an opportunity for the government to introduce another fall economic update where it would lower its deficits.
Also, I was wondering if the government might schedule a take-note debate at some point next week so that the House can really study the Parliamentary Budget Officer's report that concludes, based on numbers that the government has provided, that the vast majority of Canadians pay far more in the carbon tax than anything they hope to receive in the form of a rebate.
Ajax Ontario
Mark Holland LiberalLeader of the Government in the House of Commons
Mr. Speaker, far be it from me to ruin the best part of Thursday, although the opposition House leader and I may be alone in the opinion that this is the best part of Thursday.
I am beginning to think, and I could be wrong in this supposition, that the hon. opposition House leader is making statements and not asking questions. However, in the event that there is a question, I would be happy to respond.
First, it is not enough, of course, when we take a look down the list, that we have lower inflation rates than many countries, whether it is the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Austria, Denmark, the entire eurozone, Iceland, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom, Mexico, the United States or Ireland. I could go on and on. It does not matter that we have one of the lowest inflation rates in the world. That is cold comfort to somebody who is working hard and trying to pay the bills. That is why—
An hon. member
Oh, oh!
Mark Holland Liberal Ajax, ON
Mr. Speaker, we are not going to stop the supports we have for Canadians. In fact, I would suggest to the member opposite that making sure our most vulnerable are protected is critical. That is why we have a number of things we are going to be doing in that regard, which I will illuminate in a moment.
As to the other question that was put, I do seriously want to ask, if the Conservatives are opposed to action on the climate, whether they have reflected about what the costs are. These are not costs that will be borne for a year or two but for all time. It is something to reflect on regarding the questions that were posed to me.
I am pleased that this afternoon we are going to complete the second reading debate of Bill S-4, an act to amend the Criminal Code and the Identification of Criminals Act and to make related amendments to other acts. Tomorrow, we will go back to the second reading debate of Bill C-20, concerning the public complaints and review commission act. On Monday, we will resume second reading debate of Bill C-27, the digital charter implementation act, 2022. For Tuesday and Wednesday, we will call Bill C-29, an act to provide for the establishment of a national council for reconciliation, which was reported with amendments from committee earlier this week.
Mr. Speaker, I see you moving in your chair, so you will be happy to know that, finally, for next Thursday, our plan is to commence second reading debate of Bill C-26, the critical cyber systems protection act.
The Speaker Liberal Anthony Rota
I was squirming in my chair when both House leaders were up. I just want to remind them of something. I know both of them have a bit of knowledge on procedure in the House, and the Thursday question is a question, not a statement. I know they did not do it on purpose. Well, I will let the jury out on that.
I just wanted to remind them of that before we proceed to the point of order being put forward by the hon. member for Perth—Wellington.
John Nater Conservative Perth—Wellington, ON
Mr. Speaker, I would draw your attention to the article, "It Being Thursday: The Weekly Business Statement in Minority and Majority Parliaments", which does a great job, I might say, of outlining the evolution of the Thursday question and how wonderful statement of the member for Regina—Qu'Appelle was.
Frankly, if we were to go back in history, to when the Liberals were last in power, we would find that it was a time when the Liberals used it as a partisan shenanigan. It was actually the Conservatives who were able to rein that in to have an excellent way of making statements, as the member for Regina—Qu'Appelle did earlier today.
I am sure the hon. member is not arguing for shenanigans to continue. I would not want that. I would want the question asked to find out what is going to happen from both sides so we can move on.
The House resumed consideration of the motion that Bill S-4, An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Identification of Criminals Act and to make related amendments to other Acts (COVID-19 response and other measures), be read the second time and referred to a committee.
Criminal CodeGovernment Orders
Mr. Speaker, I really enjoyed the speech that my colleague from Saint-Jean made earlier.
I would like to ask her a simple question. There is a lot of talk about improving technology, and this bill talks about using audio conferencing. Video conferencing is relevant, but what does she think about the possibility of using audio conferencing only?
Christine Normandin Bloc Saint-Jean, QC
Mr. Speaker, the issue as to whether it should be expanded was raised by the Barreau du Québec in the brief it submitted when debate began on this bill.
I understand that audio conferencing can be part of the solution in exceptional circumstances when video is not allowed, but it must be interpreted very narrowly. That is why I welcome the fact that the law will be reviewed in three years' time by an independent committee and in five years' time by a parliamentary committee, to see whether it is actually working and whether procedural safeguards are being maintained, which the courts may be called upon to do.
Furthermore, we could see the law evolve when it comes into force, particularly in relation to procedural safeguards and fairness. Perhaps this will be one of the sections of the law that will not hold up at that time. It remains to be seen.
Taylor Bachrach NDP Skeena—Bulkley Valley, BC
Mr. Speaker, I wonder if my hon. colleague feels, like I do, that reducing court backlogs is so important that this bill should have been introduced much earlier in this parliamentary sitting, and whether she could share her thoughts with the House as to why that was not the case.
Mr. Speaker, I thank my colleague from Skeena—Bulkley Valley for his question.
In the House, we have often talked about the fact that when the government called elections, many good bills died on the Order Paper. When my constituents tell me that elections are expensive, I tell them to consider how much more expensive they really are when they are triggered unexpectedly and negate all the work accomplished in the House.
That said, with regard to reducing backlogs, I do not believe that this bill will have miraculous results. We also have to take that into consideration. We are doing things piecemeal, and it should not be seen as a magic solution. Even though Bill S‑4 is being studied, we must not stop doing the work that needs to be done on other parts of the Criminal Code to reduce court backlogs. There is much work to be done, and Bill S‑4 does not address everything.
Gabriel Ste-Marie Bloc Joliette, QC
Madam Speaker, I thank my colleague for her speech.
What we are trying to do here is improve the legal system as a whole. In this particular case, the issue is connectivity. I would like my colleague to comment on the problem of judicial vacancies, internal problems at the Parole Board and, of course, the existence and use of the "Liberalist".
Madam Speaker, I thank my colleague from Joliette for his question. I did touch on that in my speech.
Connectivity is one interesting aspect. One of the downsides I see is the emergence of regional disparities. Some people may be required to come to court to testify in person because of poor connectivity in the region. Conversely, people who live some distance away may be pressured to communicate via audio conference and testify by video conference on the grounds that it is easier for them to do so remotely even though they might prefer to do it in person. Either scenario poses a risk of unequal treatment. This is one of the important factors that the House and perhaps the independent commissions will have to study. The Barreau du Québec also raised the issue in its recommendations.
Winnipeg North Manitoba
Kevin Lamoureux LiberalParliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons
Madam Speaker, before question period, the member made reference to facial expressions and other things that may be lost in a virtual setting.
Would she not agree that those types of considerations would be taken into account in situations where they might be of concern to a defence lawyer or the Crown attorney?
Madam Speaker, we cannot take something into account if we have no knowledge of it. Unfortunately, when people testify by video conference, we do not have a 360-degree view of what is happening, much like when we operate by video conference here in the House.
It is not just about people's facial expressions. They might be shuffling their feet, looking nervous, tapping their foot or passing a note to their lawyer. It could also be about how the reaction of the entire room, about seeing how a witness reacts when they hear another witness or when they see what is happening in the courtroom. We get information from more than just what we see framed on a screen. A number of factors are involved. Some information could be lost, and this too must be analyzed by the committees.
As I was saying, there may be a risk that lawyers could agree at the start to proceed by video conference, and that during the proceedings, they realize that the procedural safeguards are not being upheld and they must return to an in-person format. At that point, there would be less efficiency rather than more. I am wondering what would happen if the consent to proceed by video conference were revoked. I hope that will be studied as well.
Garnett Genuis Conservative Sherwood Park—Fort Saskatchewan, AB
Madam Speaker, I will be taking the unprecedented step of sharing my time with the member for Vaughan—Woodbridge. I hope it will be some encouragement for him to see the light on some issues. We are co-chairs of the Canada-Holy See parliamentary friendship group, and I would invite members of the House to watch their inboxes for upcoming events.
My remarks will be a bit more abbreviated than usual today because of some other commitments.
I want to speak to Bill S-4, and the context of the bill we are debating is some proposals from the government on measures relating to digital access to various aspects of our criminal justice system. However, the larger context of it is that we have a government that so many Canadians are experiencing as a government of delay. The defining impression of the current Liberal government is that of significant delays in being able to access the vital services they need.
We have seen outrageous delays with people trying to access passports. They were standing in incredibly long and sometimes dangerous lines, needing to be there early in the morning. We have totally unacceptable delays in our immigration system. People who are waiting to sponsor vulnerable refugees have to wait, in some cases, three years or more before they can bring them to this country. They are waiting to be reunited with spouses or have employees coming to the country. We have delays when it comes to passports, immigration, and accessing benefits. It is delay that reflects the current government's poor management of so many files.
In particular, in the context of this bill, we are seeing delays and challenges in accessing the justice system in a timely way. That is particularly dangerous because, when there are significant delays in getting to a hearing or to the adjudication of issues, people who have committed crimes may not be charged or have their charges not proceed on the basis of the delays that have occurred, which is a grievous injustice for victims. There are a number of steps I think the government needs to take when it comes to addressing this issue of delays in our justice system.
One of the things that is driving further delays and putting strain on our justice system is the increase in crime. We are seeing a dramatic increase in crime under the government, especially violent crime, and its strategy of reducing sentencing is not working, but it is adding to the burden on communities, police and also our justice system. We are seeing, in a variety of areas, increasing demand for services driven by the increase in violent crime the current government has presided over and the resources to match that have not been available and we are seeing significant delays.
Of course, there have been challenges throughout the pandemic period that relate to the adjudication of hearings, but the fundamental reality underlying that is that we are seeing an increase in crime, which is increasing demand on our justice system and causing significant delays not only in court hearings but also across the spectrum of different services the government provides.
What we are calling on the government to do is to focus on the hard work of actually running the country and to find ways of delivering services better, more efficiently and more effectively. It is not enough for it to tell people about its aspirations, hopes and intentions, because good intentions are not enough. What Canadians want to see is the ability of the government to deliver results, which means delivering services that people need in a timely way. They are not seeing that. They are seeing platitudes about good intentions from the Liberals, but a failure to actually deliver on services.
Ironically, we have a government that wants ever-expanding control. It says it is going to keep offering more, yet it cannot deliver the core services of government efficiently and effectively. We need a government that is going to focus on delivering the core responsibilities of government well, effectively and in a timely way.
Madam Speaker, the legislation itself is, in a very real way, a reflection of what the provinces were looking at seeing some changes on. It also takes into consideration some of the things we witnessed through the pandemic; in other words, modernization to a certain extent and recognizing the importance of technological advances.
I understand that the Conservatives are supporting the legislation, which is a really good thing. Providing this opportunity is healthy for our judicial system, which is in fact independent, and there seems to be fairly good ground support to see this legislation pass.
Could the member provide his thoughts on the importance of the legislation itself?
Madam Speaker, I support the legislation. I think the mechanisms that it provides for are worthwhile, at least at this stage. I think it needs to be looked at further at committee. Our party will be coming forward with some constructive proposals for strengthening it.
Fundamentally, it is also important to acknowledge the context. Canadians are seeing, for a variety of reasons across the board, delays in delivering vital services. That includes delays in the judicial system. I do not think COVID is the only factor that is contributing to that. We are also seeing, under the government, a significant rise in violent crime and a failure to acknowledge that and respond to the circumstances that are creating that rise in crime.
I like this legislation, yes, but there is more work to do.
November 24th, 2022 / 3:35 p.m.
Xavier Barsalou-Duval Bloc Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères, QC
Madam Speaker, I very much liked and agreed with some of the points my colleague raised in his speech. I am thinking about his concerns about the delays in the delivery of federal government services. These delays are so bad that we wonder if the government is working at all or if it is simply broken.
I would now like to talk more about Bill S‑4. The member talked about wait times, but the bill is on the justice system. When we talk about wait times, we often think about the justice system where the wait times are very long. It is hard to have an effective justice system.
I wonder if my colleague is satisfied with this bill and if, in reading this bill, he gets the impression that it will make major improvements to the wait times in the justice system. If not, are there other changes that could be made to improve the situation and shorten the wait times in the justice system?
Madam Speaker, I agree with the sentiment of my colleague, that the government is broken. We have significant problems and delays in the justice system. I think that, as he is from the Bloc, he will particularly appreciate the point that it is the federal government that has presided over a significant increase in crime, yet it is the provinces that are left holding the bag in terms of paying the resources that are required when it comes to the administration of justice at the local level.
What the government needs to do, in addition to moving this bill forward, is to come up with real solutions that address crime. So far, their only solution to crime is to target people who do not break the law and to add additional red tape for law-abiding citizens who happen to own firearms. We see last-minute proposals at the committee stage from this government to ban hunting rifles. That is not a solution to the crime that we see at all. That is merely harassing law-abiding citizens with, in some cases, red tape and, in some cases, outright bans. That is not going to address the problem that we are seeing.
The government has presided over a significant increase in serious, violent crime. It needs to take stock of that problem. There are a lot of strategies we can talk about for reducing delays and backlogs in our court system. One great way to do it, though, is to actually reduce crime.
Tako Van Popta Conservative Langley—Aldergrove, BC
Madam Speaker, if video conferencing is going to become more prevalent in our court systems, what is the state of our Internet particularly in rural areas? Is that going to be able to service the judicial system adequately?
Madam Speaker, I think that is a problem. Mine is kind of a mixed suburban-rural riding that is relatively close to the city of Edmonton compared to some areas. However, there are still some issues in terms of coverage in my riding, and it is very important for a whole host of reasons: access to justice, access to government services, the ability to participate in the digital economy—
We have to resume debate.
The hon. member for Vaughan—Woodbridge.
Francesco Sorbara Liberal Vaughan—Woodbridge, ON
Madam Speaker, it is wonderful to be here this afternoon and rise to speak on Bill S-4, a bill that demonstrates co-operation on a jurisdictional basis with the provinces, and a bill that moves our justice system forward so Canadians know our justice system is accessible, efficient and effective, and provides true access to justice for all Canadians from coast to coast to coast. It is with much pleasure that I rise to speak to the bill.
I am pleased to be here and to have the opportunity to provide an overview of some of the key areas of reform proposed in Bill S-4, an act to amend the Criminal Code and the Identification of Criminals Act and to make related amendments to other acts.
Informed by federal, provincial and territorial dialogue and key stakeholder input, the proposed amendments are intended to mitigate the impact of court delays on accused persons and on victims by supporting the efficient and effective operation of the criminal courts during and in the aftermath of the pandemic. They are designed to enhance the courts' ability to ensure that their operations respect both public health concerns for all participants in the criminal justice system and the charter rights of accused persons to be tried within a reasonable time in order to maintain public confidence in our justice system.
The proposed amendments are based on the following criteria: One, they were critical to increasing the efficiency of the criminal justice system during the conditions of the pandemic; two, they address the current impediments to efficiency in the Criminal Code; three, they would have little or no prejudicial impact on accused persons; four, they are likely to receive broad-based parliamentary support; and five, they would result in amendments to the Criminal Code that would continue to provide efficiencies post pandemic.
The pandemic significantly impacted the operation of the criminal courts in Canada, as we all know, with courts either temporarily closing or severely restricting their operations due to public health orders. Furthermore, the pandemic exposed weaknesses in our criminal court system that can be fixed by providing remote access to proceedings under special circumstances. Bill S-4 would go beyond correcting for issues discovered during the pandemic and would make the justice process in Canada more efficient and accessible.
Bill S-4 addresses issues that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light regarding the ways in which criminal trials are conducted in this country. It also builds on past government initiatives, including Bill C-75 from a previous Parliament, which came into force in 2019 and made significant progress in modernizing our criminal justice system, including by facilitating the appearance of accused persons, lawyers and judges by audio or video conference throughout the criminal justice process.
Criminal justice is an area of shared jurisdiction, and co-operation with provincial and territorial partners is key. Parliament has exclusive authority to enact criminal law, including criminal procedure. Provinces and territories have jurisdiction over the administration of justice, including criminal courts.
While the courts and criminal justice professionals are, for the most part, managing to maintain essential services in the criminal justice process during the pandemic, accused persons, offenders, victims and witnesses are nonetheless being impacted by delays.
While many challenges facing the criminal courts have been operational in nature, some have arisen due to legislative impediments in the Criminal Code. Consequently, the pandemic has revealed the need for a number of amendments to the Criminal Code to provide clarity to the courts on issues that have arisen and to make the criminal process more efficient and effective by expanding the permissible use of technology during the pandemic, for the recuperation period and beyond. These proposed reforms are for the benefit of all participants in the criminal justice system.
Bill S-4 would modernize our criminal justice system by employing video conference and audio conference technology to accommodate for pandemic-era challenges, and it would equip our courts to handle similar challenges that may arise in the future. Furthermore, we would improve all Canadians' access to justice.
The bill would not change the principle that all persons involved in the criminal justice process must physically appear in person unless otherwise authorized under the Criminal Code. Courts will still have discretion in this area. However, this bill would ensure that the judicial process is not unduly stalled, by permitting remote conference options under extenuating circumstances.
Canadians deserve a justice system that is accessible, efficient and effective, and that provides true access to justice for all. The pandemic has taught us that technology can help make the justice system work better for all people who come in contact with it. Bill S-4 proposes a range of reforms that will make court proceedings more flexible while protecting the rights of all participants.
The reforms proposed in Bill S-4 flow from the important work of the Action Committee on Court Operations in Response to COVID-19, co-chaired by the Minister of Justice and Chief Justice Richard Wagner. They are also informed by important contributions from the provinces and territories, as well as other justice system stakeholders. With Bill S-4, we have the opportunity to improve our justice system by making those good ideas permanent.
Since March 2020, the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada has engaged regularly on the impacts of the pandemic on criminal courts with provincial and territorial ministers responsible for justice and public safety. The proposed amendments take into consideration input received from provinces, territories and other key stakeholders.
In addition, the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada has continued to be kept apprised of the challenges faced by courts across Canada in his role as co-chair of the Action Committee on Court Operations in Response to COVID-19. These discussions have all informed the proposed changes introduced in the bill.
A more efficient justice system will benefit all Canadians. I ask that all members of this House support the quick passage of the bill. I believe Bill S-4 helps transform and modernize our criminal justice system while ensuring respect for all persons involved in the criminal court process, including accused persons and prospective jurors.
I am confident Bill S-4 and the proposed reforms will improve our criminal justice system while facilitating careful oversight by the courts to ensure that the rights of accused persons and offenders are protected.
The gist of this bill, its main purpose, is that Canadians deserve a justice system that is accessible, efficient and effective, and that provides access to justice for all. I thank everyone for allowing me the time to speak on a very important bill for all Canadians.


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Wall Street Opens Higher as Market Digests Omicron Risks; Dow up 390 Pts
Stock MarketsDec 02, 2021 09:53AM ET
By Geoffrey Smith
Investing.com -- U.S. stock markets opened higher on Thursday, as investors tempered their concerns about the new Omicron strain of Covid-19 against the backdrop of another set of healthy labor market data.
A senior Pfizer (NYSE:PFE) executive said earlier that his company doesn't foresee a big drop in the effectiveness of its current vaccine against the new variant, while GlaxoSmithKline (NYSE:GSK) said early trial data said its experimental antiviral treatment Sotrovimab appeared effective against all known variants of the disease, including Omicron. GSK ADRs rose 1.0% while shares in its research partner Vir Biotechnology (NASDAQ:VIR) consolidated, having risen 50% in the last week.
By 9:50 AM ET (1450 GMT), the Dow Jones Industrial Average was up 393 points, or 1.2% at 34,415 points its cyclical-heavy composition helping it to outperform the other major indices after a couple of days of underperformance. The S&P 500 was up 1.0% and the Nasdaq Composite was up 0.7%.
Despite the broadly positive tone, the standout mover was falling. Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) stock fell as much as 4% before paring losses to be down only 2.1%, after a newswire report that said demand for its new generation of iPhones is weakening due to limited availability and high prices. Despite partial success in diversifying its business into services in recent years, the iPhone remains central to Apple's business outlook.
Earlier, the Labor Department had said that the number of initial jobless claims last week had risen to 222,000, still the second-lowest number since the pandemic began in earnest and below analysts' forecasts for 240,000. The previous week's initial claims were also revised down by another 5,000. There was more supportive news at the margins from the political sphere, where Republican and Democratic lawmakers reached a tentative deal to fund the U.S. government through mid-February, averting the (largely phantom) threat of a government shutdown this weekend.
Consumer-focused stocks in particular were helped by news out of the monthly meeting of OPEC and partners led by Russia, which defied many expectations by sticking to their plan of raising oil output by another 400,000 barrels a day in January. The actual increase is likely to be less, given that OPEC has missed its target for raising output for the last few months due to various above-ground problems, many of them related to past under-investment.
In a departure from recent practice, however, OPEC said that its meeting would remain in session, giving it the freedom to revise its decision at any time over the next month. The decisions represent a balancing act between those who are concerned about the risk of new Omicron-driven mobility restrictions to global oil demand and those more concerned by prices overheating as the world emerges - however irregularly - from the pandemic.
Elsewhere, business software providers had another solid start, with Snowflake (NYSE:SNOW) stock rising 11.4% after an earnings report bolstered by an international expansion drive. Crowdstrike (NASDAQ:CRWD) stock rose 2.3% after the cybersecurity company attracted more customers than expected in the last three months, while Splunk (NASDAQ:SPLK) stock, which had cratered by more than one-third in the last three weeks, steadied after its quarterly update, rising 3.4%.
Boeing (NYSE:BA) stock rose 3.6% after national aviation regulators cleared its 737 MAX aircraft to fly in China after a hiatus of over two years.
After flying start, Stellantis must tackle Tesla and China By Reuters - Jan 17, 2022
By Giulio Piovaccari MILAN (Reuters) - If playing catch up with Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) is what everyone in the auto industry is about then Stellantis, the company formed from the...
Major U.S. airline CEOs warn 5G could ground some planes, wreak havoc By Reuters - Jan 17, 2022 8
By David Shepardson WASHINGTON (Reuters) -The chief executives of major U.S. passenger and cargo carriers on Monday warned of an impending "catastrophic" aviation crisis in less...
Snowstorm strands motorists, grounds planes in eastern U.S., Canada By Reuters - Jan 17, 2022
By Ismail Shakil and Andy Sullivan (Reuters) -A winter snowstorm creeping up the East Coast of the United States into Canada on Monday was expected to dump more than two feet (60...
Xin Zhang Dec 02, 2021 11:28AM ET
Buy puts before the after hour, ppl.
Mitchel Pioneer Dec 02, 2021 11:26AM ET
The 11AM breaker fires, and the criminal manipulation accelerates flagrantly as ever. Welcome to the US Ponzi Scheme, greatest financial fraud in history, and laughingstock of the investing world, as it financially destroys the US working class in broad daylight.
Rajeev Sharma Dec 02, 2021 10:55AM ET
mockery. one there is Imbicron, the following day it is not. one day it is inflation, the following day it is not. At a loss to understand who is running the show
As predicted yesterday, the US Ponzi Scheme "rallies" today. Fraudulent, criminally manipulated joke.
Nordin Mohamad Dec 02, 2021 10:22AM ET
after taking profit...then new lies will make front page story for next buying at the deep...
Jouni Dec 02, 2021 10:16AM ET
More agenda based lies lol
Jamie An Dec 02, 2021 10:05AM ET
sorry. only limited technical rebound. nothing more nothing less.
sandeep varma Dec 02, 2021 10:00AM ET
One day they digest another day they cant...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: MooTools DOMReady not firing in IE7 if attached after DOM is ready through yepnope I am using yepnope to load my scripts, but when using IE7, it won't fire the Mootools domready OR load events if they have already been fired. Any idea why?
Here is the code.
yepnope([
    {
        load: "/js/uncompressed/mootools.js",
        callback: function () {
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                yepnope([
                    {
                        load: "/js/uncompressed/ie.js",
                        complete: function () {
                            window.addEvent("domready", function () {
                                setupForIE();
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                ]);
            }
        }
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]);

Using MooTools version 1.3.2 (no compat) and yepnope bundled with Modernizr.
After more testing, it seems that IE9 and IE8 aren't firing the domready either.

A: Because you are loading Mootools "Asyncronously", maybe the js-Library loading after the DOMContentLoaded - event has already fired, thus your function not got executed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Probabilistic (Bayesian) vs Optimisation (Frequentist) methods in Machine Learning
Possible Duplicate:
Bayesian and frequentist reasoning in plain English

A very similar question was posed on stats.SE: Bayesian and frequentist reasoning in plain English, which provoked some interesting debate. However the debate is very focussed on how a statistician would behave, and doesn't really answer the question from a Machine Learning perspective.
The question is in 3 parts:

*

*In simple terms, what is the difference between the Probabilistic (Bayesian) and the Optimisation (Frequentist) approach to machine learning?

*What are they key advantages/disadvantages of each method?

*As a practitioner, are there any guidelines to help me decide which method I should choose for a particular problem?
Some examples of competing methods in different areas of Machine Learning include:

*

*Classification. SVM vs Gaussian Process Classification

*Regression. Kernel Ridge Regression vs Gaussian Process Regression

*Dimensionality reduction. PCA vs Probabilistic PCA

*Topic modelling. Non-negative Matrix Factorisation vs Latent Dirichlet Allocation

*Multiple Kernel Learning. SimpleMKL vs VBpMKL (Variational Bayes probabilistic MKL)

*Multi-Task Learning. Regularised Multi-Task Learning vs Sparse Bayesian Multi-task Learning.

*Compressed sensing. $\ell_1$ minimisation vs Bayesian Compressed Sensing using Laplace Priors


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Mayor Sylvester Turner Receives 2022 Champion of Service Award at ZT Corporate Chairman's Gala
Mayor Sylvester Turner was recognized at the Chairman's Gala as the 2022 recipient of the "Champion of Service Award," honoring his dedication to the City of Houston, courageous leadership and support of Houston-based ZT Corporate and ZT Baseball over the years. The annual Chairman's Gala reached new heights in recognition of the company's 25th anniversary this year.
Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner accepts the 2022 Champion of Service Award at the ZT Corporate Chairman's Gala in Houston, Texas. (Photo: Business Wire)
"Throughout my time as Mayor, I have had the wonderful opportunity to witness the impact that ZT Corporate and CEO Taseer Badar have made on our city - from volunteerism to corporate donations to supporting our youth. I take great pride in receiving the Champion of Service Award and congratulate ZT Corporate on its milestone 25th anniversary. It is businesses and leadership like this that make Houston one of the best cities in the U.S. for entrepreneurship and economic growth," said Mayor Turner.
ZT Corporate created the annal Champion Award to highlight outstanding individuals in Houston and beyond that are champions in their field. Recipients have risen to the top of their professional careers, despite challenges or obstacles and found success. They are courageous, driven by performance and empower others around them to be change agents for their communities.
Mayor Turner also presented a proclamation declaring it "ZT Corporate Day" in Houston.
To toast and reflect on the outstanding accomplishments put forth by their business, the upscale event hosted a ballroom full of friends, family, investors, partners, industry and civic leaders as well as a world-renowned performer for a night to remember.
"We wanted to reflect and celebrate ZT's 25 years of success, determination and perseverance," said Taseer Badar, Founder and Chief Executive Officer of ZT Corporate. "Despite all our success so far, I truly believe the best is yet to come. I cannot wait for the next 25 years."
A Historic Night of Celebration
As the curtain went up and more than 1,200 guests were welcomed by emcee Chester Pitts into a glittering silver-themed venue at the Hilton Americas, there was a palpable buzz of excitement for a special performance by Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony award winner John Legend. He performed hits including All of Me, Tonight, Love Me Now, Stay With You, Like I'm Gonna Lose You, This Time and Ordinary People.
Noteworthy guests included Houston Chief of Police Troy Finner, Houston Astros Coach Alex Cintron, Professional Baseball Player Jean Carlos Correa, Former Professional Baseball Player Manny Ramirez, Former Prime Time News Anchor and Author Dominique Sachse, and Former Professional Football Players Ephraim Salaam and Travis Johnson.
Recognizing 25 Years of Business Success
The evening provided numerous points of special reflection on ZT Corporate's entrepreneurial roots and the milestones it has achieved throughout the years. Founded on April 1, 1997, ZT Corporate has grown from a Houston-based private equity firm that began with a single healthcare investment into a flourishing, tri-coastal business. Today, the company has a diverse and dynamic investment portfolio primarily in the healthcare and automotive sectors.
Its flagship operations include Altus Community Healthcare, a multi-disciplinary healthcare services provider; ZT Motors, a top 150 auto dealership group in the U.S.; and ZT Financial Services, the firm's wealth management arm. ZT Corporate has grown into a $1 billion+ of enterprise value across its portfolio entities with over 3,000 employees.
"ZT Corporate is building unprecedented momentum, and we are grateful for our employees, partners and clients for playing a pivotal role in this journey with us," said Badar. "Our vision for the future has never been more focused, and we look forward to building on our strong foundation as we enhance our portfolio and optimize our business."


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a curious dot
An Aussie Roadmap to Freedom?
Dear Jacinda,
Hi, I'm Jess from Sydney. I'm a New Zealander married to an Australian and we have children born here. Sydney has been home for 14 years, but New Zealand will always be my home country.
I know you've got a lot on your plate right now, and you're stressed about the Delta pickle the country is in. I am not trying to tell you how to do your job, but perhaps read on and take on board my experience. I'm up to week 16 of a blurry period which started with self-isolating at home in June, morphed into lockdown and now is restricted by ongoing stay at home orders, peppered with the odd outdoor picnic. I would call it a 'long lockdown' (Sydney style).
It has been a marathon, for someone who has only ever walked one half-marathon. It has been surreal at times and a roller coaster of emotions. Grief at yet another cancelled trip to New Zealand to see family, stress of home-schooling, pain at watching a family funeral via webcast, inability to see an elderly Grandparent over the bridge, anxiety of not knowing when it will end and frustration at the entire situation because of, well, the world. And a bat. Or a lab. Whatever you think. And of course, being unable to legally leave Australia and not enter New Zealand.
But there have been benefits – my eldest now bikes locally with his 'bubble' of mates, friendships have solidified, we sleep in more, I got into my writing, and we drive less. In the scheme of things, our family is doing well. Take heart Aucklanders and everyone locked down in the regions, you eventually surrender to the concept of a 'long lockdown' and while it is bumpy at times, the anger comes and goes. You have no option but to roll with the punches, take one day at a time and look for the positives – some days, that might be hard.
And now, thanks to a highly detailed roadmap based on achievable targets, we are very close to smelling freedom in NSW. Well, I am – because I'm double vaccinated. This is not an article trying to convince people to get vaccinated. I don't have the emotional capacity to go there now. I'm side-stepping that, and instead explaining what happens when a certain number of people do get vaccinated.
'Freedom' in NSW is when the eligible population reaches 70% double vaccinated. 'Freedom Day' is the Monday after we reach that target. On that day, I can sit inside a cafe with my vaxxed friends. I can get my hair cut or go to the gym. All of these activities will be in limited capacity and only for fully vaccinated people, but that is how people are kept safe. And it is the carrot. I accept many people do and will disagree with this policy. Forcing needles into people to sit in a cafe? What is the world coming to?
But for me personally, I see it as a sensible Government approach with input from both Health and industry, which offers a pragmatic balance of the social, economic and health needs of NSW.
Running a marathon is impossible unless you know when it ends, how many kilometres you have to run and what you have to do to get there. Well, that's what people tell me. I have a few friends who were slow to get vaccinated – 'vaccine hesitant' is what some call it. But when our now ex-Premier Gladys unveiled the NSW 'Roadmap to Freedom' on 9 September, it gave everyone a literal spring in their step. It motivated people sitting on the fence to get the jab. Yes, that was over 7 weeks into our lockdown, which started on 26 June. On 7 September, two days before the roadmap was unveiled, 75.6 per cent of the eligible population (aged 16 and over) in NSW had one dose administered, and 42.7 per cent were fully vaccinated.
NSW Government Roadmap as updated on 7 October. Credit: Sunrise.
The vaccination campaign was like a military operation. Those in the severely locked down areas of Western and South-Western Sydney eventually came out in droves. Under curfew, with limited exercise breaks for most of the period and highly restricted movement, it was an extremely harsh lockdown with army and police presence to boot. It was a different world in the more affluent northern and eastern suburbs. Here in Sydney, COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted lower-income areas in the west and south-west. In these communities, there is greater diversity of ethnicities, cultures and languages, coupled with more workers in jobs where they cannot work from home and obstacles to accessing and understanding healthcare. This outbreak has only highlighted the inequalities across Sydney. It seems not dissimilar to what is happening in South Auckland
So vaccinating people in these areas was critical but presented unique challenges. Community leaders resorted to using social media and YouTube in native languages to get messages across, particularly to the youth. Local religious leaders were engaged. High quality translations of public health messaging were produced. In Blacktown, Western Sydney, local clinics relied on local elders pushing to get the message through to Indigenous community members. By 11 September, the Mt Druitt suburb of Blacktown had administered one dose of the vaccine to 61 per cent of its Indigenous population.
All too late you may say? Not strict enough lockdown perhaps? Maybe. In my view, the lock down was too late across Sydney. Yes, vaccine procurement could have been more effective. And most importantly, there is still much work to do in vaccinating regional parts of NSW, particularly more vulnerable communities.
But for New Zealand, please, perhaps stop comparing Sydney and Melbourne only in the negative context of the tragic deaths and horrific case numbers we've seen, and maybe look at our future roadmap for a more helpful comparison. Struggling businesses need certainty, working parents and schools need certainty. Humans need certainty. I have given up on predicting when I might return to New Zealand, but I would love nothing more than to know when I can travel back, quarantine free.
Jacinda, I know you are Labour and Gladys was Liberal. But Coronavirus is apolitical. So please forget the politics, please stop being so 'kind' and get the show on the road.
An edited version of this article has also been published on Stuff - click here
West Coast - New Zealand
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Clifton Park/Halfmoon
This Weekend in Clifton Park!
By Myla Kramer on April 19, 2012 at 3:46 PM
TOMORROW NIGHT- GHOST HUNTER RETURNS TO HISTORIC GROOMS TAVERN!
April 20th @ 7 p.m. (Doors open at 6:30 p.m.) Ghost Hunter Jeff House will return to the Historic Grooms Tavern to report on the findings from his March investigation of the 187-year-old building. On a quiet Friday night, Jeff and his team spent over four hours investigating spirit activity throughout the tavern. Did they find anything or anyone? Join us to find out! He will also update us on his recent findings in the area, and listen to comments and answer questions.
CELEBRATE EARTH DAY! PASSPORT TO NATURE KICK-OFF THIS SATURDAY, APRIL 21st!
Are you an explorer? Do you like treasure hunts? Try letterboxing!
Following clues to find a hidden box while making observations in a discovery booklet will make exploration of Clifton Park nature preserves and parks more fun! Eight "letterboxes" have been hidden at various town properties. Kickoff: Saturday April 21, 2012 at PASSPORT TO NATURE. From 9:00 am to 12:00 pm at the end of Ferry Drive. Pick up your passport and begin the journey!
Also happening to celebrate Earth Day on April 21st – Canalway Clean Sweep – from 9:00 am to 12:00 pm – Help clean up our Preserve and Riverfront. Town provides trash bags and volunteer guides at Whipple Bridge, Ferry Drive, Power Dam at end of Sugar Hill Rd. Bring gloves and bug spray. No pre-registration.
NOT SO COMMON PLAYERS PRESENT "JERRY'S GIRLS" – Sponsored by the Town of Clifton Park
Glamour! Optimism! Love! Melody! and Women! Free musical theatre at Shenendehowa HS East Little Theater (Moe Road entrance.) This weekend and next weekend: April 20, 21, 22 and 26, 27, 28, 29, 2012. Friday and Saturday at 8 pm; Sunday at 2 pm and Thursday at 7:30 pm.
JERRY'S GIRLS is a celebratory musical entertainment of glamour, optimism, love, melody, and women. There's Dolly Gallagher Levi of HELLO, DOLLY!, Auntie Mame Dennis of MAME, Countess Aurelia of DEAR WORLD, Mabel Normand of MACK AND MABEL and female impersonator ZaZa of LA CAGE AUX FOLLES. So it is fitting that in Jerry's Girls there are women center stage once again. JERRY'S GIRLS affectionately celebrates Jerry's special gift for writing songs that capture the true spirit of the American musical theatre.
Other Upcoming Dates!
Town of Clifton Park Shredding Day – Sunday April 29th at the Clifton Park Center Mall – North end 1:00 pm to 3:00pm. This service is limited to Town of Clifton Park residents only. Residents will be asked to present their driver's license for proof of residency. Residents are asked to limit their documents to four bags or boxes per car. Please bring non-perishable food donations. No pre-registration.
First Friday at Historic Grooms Tavern, May 4th at 7 pm. "Keeping Your Mind Young" Can you delay dementia by doing the crossword puzzle, ballroom dancing and eating healthy? Ellis Medicine's Chief of Neurology Francisco Gomez MD will discuss the latest information on keeping your mind young.
Town of Clifton Park Community CPR-AED classes, Saturday, May 5th at the Clifton Park-Halfmoon Ambulance Corps, 15 Crossing Blvd. Two sessions to accommodate more interested persons, 8:30 am and 11:30 am. Each session is approximately 3 hours. When registering, please indicate time preference.
Town of Clifton Park – Free Tree Seedling Give Away – Saturday, May 12th at Clifton Park Town Hall at 9:00 am – as long as supplies last. Drive thru and help "Green" Clifton Park by planting a tree. Great, long lasting Mothers' Day gift from the kids!
Arts Roundtable: The Community Arts and Culture Commission will hold an Arts Roundtable on May 15th at 7:00 pm at the Clifton Park/Halfmoon Public Library to update residents on the status of arts in Clifton Park and to solicit input regarding future arts and culture activities.
Myla Kramer
Clifton Park/Halfmoon Search
Magpies on New access for transgender students at Shen
Viktor on New access for transgender students at Shen
Faye on New access for transgender students at Shen


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Hoyland v. McMenomy
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit
Brian Thomas Hoyland Plaintiff- Appellee
Shawn McMenomy; Henry Cho; Alex Eckstein, individually and in their official capacities Defendants - Appellants Ryan Coughlin, individually; City of Rosemount Defendants
Submitted: March 9, 2017
Appeal from United States District Court for the District of Minnesota - Minneapolis
Before WOLLMAN, COLLOTON, and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges.
SHEPHERD, Circuit Judge.
Brian Hoyland awoke one evening to the sights and sounds of police officers standing with guns drawn in front of his home. He saw his wife, a handicapped woman, standing in the driveway with her arms raised in the air. He then heard someone yell "shoot" or "shooting." Hoyland quickly turned on the porch light, opened the front door, stood in his doorway, and screamed at the officers, who stood 30-40 feet away. The officers ordered him back inside. He remained in his doorway and approximately thirty seconds after he opened the door to his home, an officer declared him to be under arrest. Officers proceeded to his doorway where Hoyland was taken into custody and eventually charged with obstructing legal process pursuant to Minn. Stat. § 609.50, a charge later dismissed for lack of probable cause.
Hoyland has brought suit against the police officers for violating his First and Fourth Amendment rights. The officers have asserted the defense of qualified immunity. The district court[1] rejected this defense on both claims. After a careful review of the facts, we affirm.
"We review a district court's qualified immunity determination on summary judgment de novo, viewing the record in the light most favorable to [Hoyland] and drawing all reasonable inferences in [his] favor." Gilani v. Matthews, 843 F.3d 342, 347 (8th Cir. 2016) (second alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted). We also "accept[] as true the facts that the district court found were adequately supported, as well as the facts the district court likely assumed." Shekleton v. Eichenberger, 677 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir. 2012) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Rosemount, Minnesota police received reports of drag racing in the early hours of May 8, 2013. Officers Shawn McMenomy and Alex Eckstein, driving in separate squad cars, responded to the scene of these reports. As he drove, McMenomy saw a vehicle driving toward him and away from the scene. McMenomy swung a U-turn in the road and proceeded to follow the car-a Corvette. He had not, as of yet, witnessed any traffic violations. But he ran the vehicle's license plate and discovered the Corvette was registered to Mark Illetschko, who had no outstanding warrants. Continuing to follow the Corvette, McMenomy observed its tires partially cross the road's center dividing line. In response, McMenomy activated his emergency lights, but the Corvette did not pull over. Instead, the Corvette continued driving and turned into a residential neighborhood before finally pulling into the driveway of a house (the home of Brian Hoyland) and stopped. During this "chase, " which lasted about 40 seconds, McMenomy claims the Corvette visibly accelerated in an apparent attempt to flee. The district court concluded that the vehicle never exceeded 40 miles per hour as it traveled a distance of one quarter mile from the time McMenomy activated his lights until reaching Hoyland's driveway.
After stopping in the driveway, the driver of the Corvette, Illetschko, began to exit the vehicle. He was ordered to remain in the vehicle by McMenomy, who had parked his squad car behind the Corvette. The officer had his service weapon drawn and pointed at Illetschko. Officer Eckstein now arrived, parked his squad car near McMenomy's, and drew his service weapon. McMenomy next ordered Illetschko to exit the vehicle with his hands up and walk backwards toward the squad cars. Illetschko obeyed without any resistance. Around this time Officers Henry Cho and Ryan Coughlin arrived on scene. Coughlin took Illetschko into custody and handcuffed him. The officers then shifted their attention to the vehicle's passenger, Christina Hoyland, and ordered her to exit the vehicle with her hands in the air. The district court determined that Christina "by-and-large followed the Officers' commands, but did direct verbal criticism-including profanity-at them in the process." One of the messages Christina tried to convey was that she could not walk backwards as the officers commanded because she suffers paralysis in one of her legs.
All of this commotion awoke Brian Hoyland, who had been asleep inside the house. Out of concern for their safety, Hoyland moved his children to the back of the house and retrieved a cell phone to record the incident outside. He intended to remain inside but changed his mind when he believed he heard the officers yell "shoot" or "shooting." He proceeded to switch the porch light on, open his front door, and hold his phone, which was recording, out in front of him.
Hoyland stood in his doorway, about 30-40 feet away from the officers and Christina. All four officers on the scene briefly turned their attention to him. McMenomy and Cho kept their attention on Hoyland while Coughlin and Eckstein quickly returned their focus to Illetschko and Christina. Within seconds, an officer shouted, "Drop the camera!" McMenomy yelled at Hoyland to go back inside the house. Hoyland remained where he stood and began screaming at the officers. He shouted, "You are in my yard!" and "What is this, a DWI stop, and you guys are doing this? Are you kidding me?" Hoyland also yelled that his wife was handicapped and demanded that the officers do their jobs "the right way." McMenomy again ordered Hoyland to "stay inside." Immediately following this command, with Hoyland remaining in the doorway, "the arrest decision was made" by McMenomy who shouted "you are under arrest, " and ordered Hoyland to raise his hands. About thirty seconds of time elapsed between Hoyland's emergence from his house into the doorway and McMenomy's pronouncement that he was under arrest. Hoyland did not resist, raised his hands and laid down on the ground, following the instructions given by the officers. He was taken into custody by McMenomy and Cho without incident.
Meanwhile, Coughlin and Eckstein continued to deal with Illetschko and Christina. Coughlin was in the process of putting a handcuffed Illetschko in the back of the squad car when Hoyland first appeared. Coughlin secured Illetschko in the squad car before he turned his attention to Hoyland. As McMenomy and Cho arrested Hoyland, Coughlin approached the house and closed the front door that Hoyland had exited. Coughlin next joined Eckstein, who had remained focused on Christina after "very briefly" shifting his attention after Hoyland had first stepped out. Shortly after Hoyland was secure, Coughlin and Eckstein took Christina into custody without incident. The entire encounter, from the moment Hoyland opened his door until both he and Christina were in police custody, lasted no more than two and a half minutes.
Throughout this encounter, Hoyland never left the area around his front door, failing to ever come closer than 30-40 feet from the officers. He never told his wife or Illetschko to disobey the officers' commands. He never ran away or resisted the officers as he himself was arrested. Finally, he never physically intervened, and never attempted to physically intervene, in the arrest of anyone.
After taking Hoyland into custody, the officers placed him in the back of a squad car. Eckstein issued Hoyland a citation for obstruction of legal process. He did so under the instruction of Cho and Coughlin, not because he had seen anything amounting to obstruction. Eckstein told Hoyland he was being charged with obstruction. Hoyland, who had served for a time in the military police, admitted he had made the situation worse for the officers. But Hoyland repeatedly told Eckstein that he came outside to inform the officers of his wife's disability.
Hoyland subsequently challenged the obstruction charge in county court and argued that the officers lacked probable cause to arrest him. The judge agreed and dismissed the charge, holding that:
[Hoyland's] actions did not constitute the crime of Obstruction of Legal Process. It is clear from the video recording obtained from [Hoyland's] cell phone that [Hoyland] exited his residence with the sole intent to inform officers his wife was disabled and unable to comply with their commands, and to record the incident for possible future use as evidence if the officers engaged in any improper conduct. The recording also shows that within seconds of [Hoyland's] exiting the residence, the officers were aware the object he held was a camera. The entire encounter with [Hoyland] lasted approximately one minute, during which time [Hoyland] consistently attempted to communicate his wife was disabled. [Hoyland's] conduct amounted to nothing more than a fleeting interruption of the officers' performance of their duties without any intent to cause such an interruption. Accordingly, there is not probable cause to sustain the charge and the charge is dismissed.
Hoyland subsequently brought an action under 28 U.S.C. § 1983 against McMenomy, Cho, and Eckstein for violating his First and Fourth Amendment rights.[2]He also asserted a state law claim for malicious prosecution against those three officers. Before the district court, Hoyland moved for partial summary judgment as to his Fourth Amendment claim. The officers, asserting the defense of qualified immunity, sought summary judgment on all of the claims made against them.
The district court denied the officers' motion as to the First and Fourth Amendment claims. The court reasoned that genuine issues of material fact were in dispute, rendering summary judgment inappropriate. The court denied Hoyland's motion for the same reason. Lastly, the court dismissed the malicious prosecution charge. The officers have now appealed the district court's denial of qualified immunity on Hoyland's First and Fourth Amendment claims.
II. Jurisdiction
As a preliminary matter, we must address Hoyland's contention that we have no jurisdiction over the officers' interlocutory appeal. See Thompson v. Murray, 800 F.3d 979, 982 (8th Cir. 2015) (noting that the first question in an appeal from a denial of qualified immunity is one of jurisdiction). When a district court issues an order denying qualified immunity, we can immediately review that order "to the extent that it turns on an issue of law." Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 530 (1985). "While we cannot review the district court's determination that material issues of fact remain for trial on the merits of [Hoyland's] claims, we can consider the legal question whether, in view of the facts that the district court deemed sufficiently supported for summary judgment purposes, the individual defendants' conduct was objectively reasonable given their knowledge and the clearly established law." Waddell v. Forney, 108 F.3d 889, 890 (8th Cir. 1997).
Hoyland argues that the officers' appeal does not raise any questions of law. Rather, he contends the appeal challenges disputed issues of material facts identified by the district court, namely that (1) "the parties disagree about whether Hoyland intended to interfere with the Officers' performance of their duties" and (2) "the parties disagree about whether Hoyland's conduct 'substantially interfered' or 'merely interrupted' the Officers in their duties." Thus, according to Hoyland, we have no jurisdiction over this appeal.
Hoyland misunderstands the legal standard. To be sure, an appellate court cannot maintain jurisdiction over an interlocutory appeal when the legal reasonableness of an officer's actions turns on disputed factual questions. See Thompson, 800 F.3d at 984 (dismissing for lack of jurisdiction when the parties disputed historical facts). But here we have no historical facts in dispute. The events of that night were recorded on three cameras located in squad cars and Hoyland's cell phone. The question raised on appeal is whether the material facts, viewed in a light most favorable to Hoyland, show that the officers' actions were objectively reasonable given their knowledge and clearly established law. "Our inquiry is a quintessentially legal one, and we accordingly have jurisdiction to consider defendants' appeal." Smithson v. Aldrich, 235 F.3d 1058, 1061 (8th Cir. 2000).
III. Fourth Amendment Claim
The first issue raised by the officers is the district court's denial of qualified immunity on Hoyland's claim that he was unreasonably seized. The officers contend that they had arguable probable cause to arrest Hoyland for obstruction because he interfered with their ability to detain Illetschko and Christina. They also argue that their fear of ambush provided arguable probable cause to arrest Hoyland.
A. Qualified Immunity
         "The determination of whether an officer is entitled to qualified immunity requires consideration of the 'objective legal reasonableness' of the officer's conduct in light of the information he possessed at the time of the alleged violation." Winters v. Adams, 254 F.3d 758, 766 (8th Cir. 2001) (quoting Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 819 (1982)). "Courts conduct a two-part inquiry to determine whether qualified immunity protects a government official from liability: (1) whether the facts taken in a light most favorable to [Hoyland] make out a violation of a constitutional . . . right; and (2) whether that right was clearly established at the time of the alleged violation." Buckley v. Ray, 848 F.3d 855, 863 (8th Cir. 2017). "We have discretion in deciding which part of the inquiry to address first." Id. (citing Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 236 (2009)). It was clearly established in 2013 "that a warrantless arrest, unsupported by probable ...
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Director: Archdeacon Luay Haddad
hlid@go.com.jo
Manager: Mr Yousef Rizik
yousefrizik@orange.jo
Postal Address: P.O. Box 15, Salt 19110, Jordan
Mobil +962 79 600 60 90
'Beit Saleem' offers its services to handicapped and non-handicapped children and adults in the Jordan Valley with a special focus on young women.
MISSION: The Centre provides services for people with sensory, physical and intellectual impairments and works towards their fuller integration and participation into their local communities.
VISION: The Centre's service delivery model can be implemented elsewhere in Jordan.
With therapy, vocational training, and in-house workshops, students with disabilities learn trades and skills needed for gainful employment.
The Centre strives to extend its brief to other population groups with special needs, including poor people and uneducated women. The Centre hopes to pilot the implementation of small-scale environmentally friendly and ecologically responsible approaches to climate control, electrical energy conservation and generation as well as water purification and conservation.
HISTORY: Jofeh Community Rehabilitation Centre, a department of the Holy Land Institute for the Deaf, is situated in the Jordan Valley, just five miles from the Dead Sea, and at the center of the Shuneh district of thirteen villages and 60,000 people.
The Centre, named "BEIT SALEEM", started in 1996 with a pre-fabricated unit of 110 square meters, trying to meet the needs of the people with disabilities in the entire region. In 2005, the workshops were moved to a new space designed for the purpose and built by the Dababneh family in memory of their late son, Saleem. The new building houses seven workshops for training, rehabilitation and employment, that are used to prepare and equip persons with disabilities for life as self-reliant, contributing members of society.
Community Based Rehabilitation is offered by networking and coordinating with the Holy Land Institute for the Deaf, the Al-Hussein Society for the Habilitation and Rehabilitation of Physically Challenged Persons, Al-Dhia Charitable Society for Visually Impaired Children, Al-Raja Center for Special Education and the Palestine Hospital.
TRAINING: The training programmes include sewing, embroidery, weaving, paper recycling, woodworking, computer training, and English and Sign language.
A team of community services specialists provides classes for students who are deaf or have an intellectual impairment; mainstream support services for hard of hearing, physically challenged, blind and visually-impaired students at public schools; physical therapy for people with mobility impairments, and home visits.
Supplemental support services are offered as needed in speech therapy, therapeutic play, hearing tests with free hearing aids, vision tests with free prescription glasses and optical aids, free nutritional meals to children under age 2, and nursing and community awareness services for people and families with special needs.
Transport is provided free for all students and volunteers who are part of the community.
Local community resources, such as clinics, schools, Kindergartens, businesses and hotels are fully deployed in the provision and distribution of services.


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Brás Mouzinho de Albuquerque GCC • CvA • OA • GOA • GCA • MPCE • MOCE (Lisboa, Sacramento, 30 de Março de 1859 - Lisboa, Santa Maria de Belém, 16 de Janeiro de 1922) foi um militar e político português.

Família
Era filho bastardo primogénito de Fernando Luís Mouzinho de Albuquerque e de Mafalda Augusta Barbosa de Miranda de Seabra Jacques.

Biografia
Frequentou e tirou o Curso da Escola do Exército, na Arma de Cavalaria, tendo assentado Praça a 28 de Julho de 1875, sendo promovido a Alferes a 8 de Janeiro de 1879, a Tenente a 16 de Fevereiro de 1887, a Capitão a 12 de Outubro de 1894, a Major a 10 de Maio de 1907, a Tenente-Coronel em data desconhecida de 1910 e a Coronel em data desconhecida de 1912. No desempenho de funções castrenses, foi Professor da Escola de Sargentos de Cavalaria em Vila Viçosa, entre 1880 e 1884, e escreveu umas Lições de Topografia Militar, ed. Lisboa, publicadas em 1890, Comandante da Guarda Nacional Republicana no Porto em 1916 (tinha entrado dois anos antes para este Corpo Militar, em 1914), ascendeu a General do Exército em data desconhecida de 1917, foi Comandante da 4.ª e 5.ª Divisões Militares em 1917 e de 1919 a 1921, respectivamente. A sua acção política, como independente, levou-o a Governador Civil do Distrito do Porto de 25 de Agosto a 18 de Dezembro de 1914 e a Ministro do Interior entre 29 de Maio de 1916, tomando posse a 4 de Julho, e 25 de Abril de 1917, etc, e foi Membro da Academia Real das Ciências de Lisboa.

Possuía a Medalha de Prata de Comportamento Exemplar, a Medalha de Ouro de Comportamento Exemplar e a Medalha de Prata da Cruz Vermelha de Espanha, e era Comendador da Ordem da Coroa da Itália, Cavaleiro da Ordem de Avis por serviços distintos como Capitão do Estado-Maior de Cavalaria a 28 de Setembro de 1900 (Ordem do Exército, 1900, 2.ª Série, n.º 22, p. 329), elevado a Oficial da Ordem de Avis como Major do Regimento de Cavalaria N.º 1, Lanceiro de Vítor Manuel III da Itália, a 1 de Julho de 1907 (Ordem do Exército, 1907, 2.ª Série, n.º 15, p. 260), não tendo sido elevado a Comendador da mesma Ordem em virtude de as Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas terem sido extintas entre 1910 e 1918, elevado a Grande-Oficial da Ordem de Avis a 15 de Fevereiro de 1919, Grã-Cruz da Ordem de Cristo a 28 de Junho de 1919 e elevado a Grã-Cruz da Ordem de Avis a 31 de Dezembro de 1920, etc.

Casamentos e descendência
Casou primeira vez em Torres Novas, Santa Maria, a 29 de Janeiro de 1880 com Maria Hedwiges Pessoa de Amorim (Torres Novas, Santa Maria, 21 de Outubro de 1858 - Lisboa, 8 de Novembro de 1936), filha de Gregório Tavares Pessoa de Amorim e de sua mulher Maria Luísa da Piedade da Fonseca, da família do 1.º Barão da Vargem da Ordem e 1.º Visconde da Vargem da Ordem, casamento declarado nulo, sem geração.

Casou segunda vez em Elvas, Salvador, a 7 de Agosto de 1897 com Feliciana Amélia de Noronha Nogueira de Sá (Elvas, São Pedro, 14 de Janeiro de 1879 - Oeiras, Carnaxide, 4 de Maio de 1927), filha de João Augusto Nogueira de Sá e de sua mulher Emília Cândida de Noronha, de quem teve uma única filha:
 Maria do Céu Mouzinho de Albuquerque (26 de Junho de 1898 -?), casada com o Dr. Manuel Duarte, com geração:
 José Manuel Cipriano Mouzinho de Albuquerque Duarte
 Maria Manuel Mouzinho de Albuquerque Duarte Miguel
 Maria Margarida Emilia Mouzinho de Albuquerque Duarte Pinto Bessa

Naturais de Lisboa
Generais de cavalaria
Generais de Portugal
Professores de Portugal
Medalhas de Prata de Comportamento Exemplar
Cavaleiros da Ordem de Avis
Oficiais da Ordem de Avis
Governadores civis do distrito do Porto
Personalidades do Grande Porto
Ministros do Interior de Portugal
Grandes-Oficiais da Ordem Militar de Avis
Grã-Cruzes da Ordem Militar de Cristo
Grã-Cruzes da Ordem Militar de Avis
Medalhas de Ouro de Comportamento Exemplar
Académicos de Portugal

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