text:
FAQ Common STDs Reviews Blog
Home Learn Stds in men heres everything you need to know
Common STDs
STDs in men: Here's everything you need to know
Wondering if STDs in men are different to STDs in women? Or which STD most commonly affects men? What about the symptoms? Here is everything you need to know.
STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) in men may be contracted when you have sexual contact with an infected partner, this can include vaginal, oral or anal sex with another person who has an STD.
STDs are also known as STIs (sexually transmitted infections). There are three different types of STDs, which include bacterial (STDs that are caused by a bacteria), viral (STDs that are caused by viruses) or parasitic (STDs that are caused by parasites.)
In this article, we will break down how males get an STD, what they are caused by, the symptoms, how long it takes for the symptoms to come about, and when you should get tested.
How do men get an STD?
STDs in men are most commonly caused by unprotected sex with an infected partner, however there are a number of different ways that a male can contract an STD. The most important step you can take to protect yourself is to understand how it happens, and put prevention methods in place.
Men can contract an STD by:
Having unprotected sex with someone who has an STD.
Coming into contact with infected fluids including blood, semen or vaginal fluids.
Coming into contact with an infected sore or open wound, for example, mouth to genital contact.
Using a needle that has been used by an infected person for recreational drug use or other purposes.
Coming into contact with infected blood or body parts, for example, through a blood transfusion or organ donation.
If you have found out that you have an STD, or you are experiencing worrying symptoms, it can be a scary experience. It's important to know that sexually transmitted diseases are quite common. There are 20 million STD cases diagnosed in the United States each year, with over half of all cases diagnosed in the 15-24 year old age group according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The symptoms of STDs don't always appear immediately after a person has contracted one. Signs and symptoms often take some time to develop, this length of time is often referred to as an "incubation period". During the incubation period, the body starts to develop antibodies and physical symptoms may start to appear.
Quite often, there will be no symptoms associated with an STD, in this case the STD is referred to as asymptomatic. For this reason, it is so important to regularly attend sexual health screenings, or take an at home STD test.
The symptoms of an STD in males vary. Some of the most common symptoms of STDs in men include:
Burning or pain during urination
Pain in the abdomen
Pain in the testicles
Unusual discharge from the penis
Lumps or bumps on the genital area
Sores or ulcers on the genital area
When it comes to understanding STDs in men, it's important to know which types of STDs you may be at risk of contracting, as well as what you can do to protect your sexual health.
STDs in men: Which STDs can affect males?
Herpes (1& 2)
Chlamydia in men
Chlamydia is the most common STD diagnosed in US males, with a reported 578,000 cases diagnosed in 2017.
According to the World Health Organisation, chlamydia is the most commonly reported STD in the world.
Chlamydia often doesn't carry symptoms, which is why it is so important to regularly get tested.
Chlamydia may cause infertility in women via a condition called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), in which the fallopian tubes may become damaged. While chlamydia doesn't cause infertility problems in males as commonly, research does suggest that it may have a negative impact on sperm health.
Incubation period: 7-21 days
Caused by: A bacteria -Chlamydia trachomatis
Symptoms of chlamydia in males may include:
Pain during urination
Discharge from the penis
Pain in the rectum
Discharge from the rectum
Chlamydia is most commonly contracted through vaginal and/or anal sex, however it can also be contracted through oral sex. Chlamydia may have a long-term impact on your sexual and reproductive health if it is not treated, as well as epipidymitis, prostate gland infection and reactive arthritis.
Gonorrhea in men
Gonorrhea has been the second most commonly reported STD in US men for a number of years according to the CDC.
Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported notifiable STD in the world according to the World Health Organisation.
Gonorrhea is an STD that affects the urethra, rectum, and throat. In men, the infection tends to start in the urethra, the tube which helps urine to exit the body. Gonorrhea is colloquially known as "the drip" or "the clap" due to the fact that the most common symptom is an unusual discharge or drip from the penis.
Caused by: A bacteria -Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus
Symptoms of gonorrhea in males:
An increased need to urinate
Swollen testicles
A sore throat
Redness and/or swelling at the opening of the penis
Unusual discharge which may be green, white or beige in colour
Gonorrhea is most commonly contracted through vaginal, anal and/or oral sex.
Syphilis in men
Syphilis is passed from person to person via contact with a syphilis sore, oftentimes, syphilis sores can be painless, which makes them harder to detect. Syphilis sores may be found around the penis, rectum, anus and even the mouth.
According to the CDC, the highest incidence of syphilis in the United States are among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Syphilis is an STD that can be broken into four stages; primary, secondary, latent and tertiary. The symptoms depend on the stage of syphilis that you are experiencing.
Due to the fact that syphilis can be passed on so easily and unknowingly, it's so important to have open and honest conversations with your sexual partners, practice safe sex and get tested regularly, this is especially true for syphilis as the number of primary and secondary cases of syphilis in the United States have been on the rise since 1991 according to the CDC.
Incubation period: 3 weeks - 20 years (the incubation period depends on the stage of the syphilis diagnosis)
Caused by: Abacteria - Treponema pallidum
Symptoms of syphilis in males depend on the stage and severity of the condition.
Primary Syphilis
A chancre, also called a sore is usually the first sign of syphilis, chancres usually appear around the genitals or mouth. They are firm to touch, round and painless.
Sometimes the chancre will not be visible, which is why it can be easily passed from one person to the next, through skin to skin contact.
Symptoms are rare during the primary stages of syphilis, but if they do appear, it will usually be in the form of a chancre.
If you do not receive a diagnosis for primary syphilis, you may develop secondary syphilis. The most common symptom of secondary syphilis is usually a rash that covers your whole body, this rash usually starts on the palms of your feet or on your hands.
Other symptoms of secondary syphilis in men include:
Latent Syphilis
Latent syphilis, which is sometimes referred to as the hidden stage of syphilis, describes the period of time in which there are no symptoms of the condition, this period occurs 12 months following the initial infection.
Tertiary Syphilis
Tertiary syphilis often occurs in the years following infection. If the condition has not been diagnosed, it can affect the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints.
If left untreated, syphilis can cause serious health complications, but if diagnosed, the treatment will involve a fast acting injection which can easily remedy the condition.
Herpes (1 & 2) in men
There are two types of herpes in men. Herpes 1 (HSV-1) refers to genital herpes, which is contracted through sexual contact with an infected partner. Herpes 2 (HSV-2) refers to oral herpes which is contracted through oral contact (kissing or oral sex) with an infected partner. Herpes 2 presents as a cold sore which is very common.
Both herpes 1 & 2 cannot be cured but they can be managed for better health outcomes down the line.
An estimated 3.7 billion people under age 50 (67%) have HSV-1 infection globally and an estimated 491 million people aged 15-49 (13%) worldwide have HSV-2 infection according to the World Health Organization.
According to the CDC, 11.9 % of persons aged 14 to 49 years have HSV-2 infection (12.1% when adjusted for age). However, the prevalence of genital herpes infection is higher than that because an increasing number of genital herpes infections are caused by HSV-1.
Incubation period: 2-12 days.
Caused by: A virus - Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Symptoms of herpes 1 & 2 in males may include:
Small bumps on the genital area, sometimes appearing as a cluster of blisters
Blisters that appear as a cluster on or around the mouth
Ulcers around the genital or mouth
Sores on the buttocks, anus, thighs or mouth
In many cases, there will be no symptoms of herpes 1 or 2, so you could unknowingly pass or receive the virus from an infected partner. For this reason, it is so important to attend sexual health screenings regularly, or take an at home STD test.
HIV in men
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is an autoimmune condition which can develop to a condition called AIDs. In simple terms, HIV causes AIDS, a condition which interferes with the body's ability to fight infections.
You can contract HIV from unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex, injection drug use, and exposure to contaminated body fluids or blood.
Previously HIV could also be acquired through blood product transfusions or organ transplants, however in the US, blood and organs are now thoroughly screened for HIV so this is no longer a great cause of concern when it comes to contracting the virus.
In 2018, the rate of HIV was highest for persons aged 25-34, followed by the rate for persons aged 35-44. In 2018, the rate for males was 5 times the rate for females.
Incubation period: 14-28 days
Caused by: A virus - Human immunodeficiency virus
Symptoms of HIV in males may include:
Headaches and/or difficulty concentrating
Lymph nodes swelling
A dry cough and/or sore throat
Muscle and/or joints pain
Thicker nails
HIV can be managed with antiviral medications, however there is currently no cure for AIDS.
Hepatitis in men
According to the CDC, gay, bisexual and men who have sex with men are more likely to contract viral hepatitis A, B and C. About 10% of new hepatitis A and 20% of all new hepatitis B infections in the United States are among gay and bisexual men.
Hepatitis A can be spread through the consumption of small amounts of fecal matter, as well as contact with contaminated objects, food and drink. Hepatitis A can also be contracted via sexual contact.
Hepatitis B can be spread through contact with contaminated semen or blood. Hepatitis B can also be spread through sexual contact, and the sharing of needles. In women, hepatitis B can be transferred from mother to child.
Hepatitis C is most commonly spread through sharing needles, syringes or other injecting equipment. Though it is rare, hepatitis C can sometimes be contracted through sexual contact, especially rough sex.
Incubation period: 60-150 days
Caused by: Hepatitis viruses, HAV, HBV, HCV
Symptoms of hepatitis in males may include:
A change in appetite
Darker urine
Yellowing of the skin and/or eyes (jaundice)
Hepatitis doesn't always cause symptoms and can pass in a few months without treatment (acute infection). Those who go untreated with a lifelong infection, and without appropriate treatment and care may experience liver damage and even death.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) in men
It may surprise you to know that men may also be at risk of contracting HPV, though it is harder to diagnose in men. Usually HPV will not cause any symptoms in men but if there are symptoms, they could be mistaken for a simple lump, bump or spot.
According to the CDC, human papillomavirus (HPV) is so common that almost all sexually active people will contract at least one type of HPV during their lifetime.
Incubation period: 1 month - 10 years depending on the strain of the virus.
Caused by: A virus -Human papillomavirus
Symptoms of human papillomavirus (HPV) in males may include:
Warts on the penis, scrotum, anus or groin
HPV is most commonly contracted through vaginal and/or anal sex. Usually HPV will not put men at a greater risk of other health conditions, however, it is still important to monitor skin changes, as links have been found between HPV infection and penile, anal, head and neck cancers.
Trichomoniasis in men
Trichomoniasis is the most common curable STD in the United States. In men, inside of the penis (urethra) is the most likely body part to be affected by the parasite.
3.7 million people have trichomoniasis in the United States, however 70% of cases will be asymptomatic (not have any symptoms) according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Caused by: A parasite - Trichomonas vaginalis
During sex, the parasite usually spreads from a penis to a vagina, or from a vagina to a penis. It can also spread from a vagina to another vagina. It is not common for the parasite to infect other body parts, like the hands, mouth, or anus.
Symptoms of trichomoniasis in males may include:
Itching and/or a burning sensation inside the penis
Burning after urination
Burning after ejaculation
If left untreated, trichomoniasis could lead to prostatitis, epididymitis, urethral stricture disease, and infertility, potentially resulting from decreased sperm motility and viability
Ureaplasma in men
Ureaplasma is a group of tiny bacteria that live within the respiratory and urinary tracts of both men and women. Ureaplasma bacteria play a role in helping you to fight infections, digest food and maintain a healthy reproductive system.
Ureaplasma rarely causes symptoms in males or females, however, it can cause some discomfort if left undiagnosed and/or untreated.
Incubation period: 7 days - several months
Caused by: A bacteria - Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum
Symptoms of ureaplasma in males may include:
Painful urination
Unusual discharge from the tip of the penis
Ureaplasma is generally contracted through vaginal sexual contact with an infected partner, it is easy to treat with a course of antibiotics.
It's important to note that the above facts are not here to scare you, they are here to educate and help you to make informed decisions when it comes to your sexual health.
If you are practicing safe sex and are regularly getting tested, you have nothing to worry about. As a regular rule of thumb, you should aim to get tested at least once a year.
Outside of your yearly sexual health screening, there are also some other instances in which you should get tested, which include:
You have had unprotected sex
You are planning on having a family
Your partner has multiple sexual partners
You have multiple sexual partners
Your contraception has failed (the condom has broken or fallen off)
Maybe you have never attended a sexual health screening. Sexual health screenings should become a routine part of your yearly health checkup up. They are nothing to be scared of, and what's more, now it's possible to do a sexual health screening from home.
If prevention methods have failed, early detection is the next best step in the right direction. There are a range of at home STD testing options which you can use to get answers from the comfort of your own home.
How to prevent getting and STD
Always make sure that you wear a condom
Always wear a condom and equally important, ensure that you and/or your partner knows how to put it on correctly.
Speak openly with sexual partner(s)
You may be filled with dread at the thought of speaking about your sexual history with a new partner but it's important to know that they are being safe when it comes to their sex life so you can stay safe while having fun.
Keep track of your sexual partner(s)
Keeping track of your sex life is important in monitoring your sexual health. Each time you have sex, make a note of it, if you notice signs and symptoms, you will be better able to retrace your steps.
Get screened at least once a year
Whether you're having a little or a lot of sex, you need to ensure that you are getting screened on a yearly basis. Sexual health screening should be just as regular as going to your physician or dentist for a check up, and once you do get screened on a regular basis, you will have far better peace of mind and confidence in the fact that you have nothing to worry about.
Interested in giving at-home STD testing a try? Read: 6 Best At-Home STD Test Kits in 2020.
Written by Hannah Kingston on December 6, 2020
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Adolescents and Young Adults - www.cdc.gov
6 Best At-Home STD Test Kits in 2020 - www.stdwatch.com
Chlamydia - Everything you need to know - www.stdwatch.com
Chlamydia - www.cdc.gov
Male Fertility Damaged by Chlamydia - www.medicalnewstoday.com
Gonorrhea - Everything you need to know - www.stdwatch.com
Gonorrhea- www.cdc.gov
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) - www.who.int
Gonorrhea - my.clevelandclinic.org
Syphilis & MSM (Men Who Have Sex With Men) - CDC Fact Sheet - www.cdc.gov
New CDC Report: STDs Continue to Rise in the U.S. - www.cdc.gov
Herpes Simplex Virus - www.who.int
U.S. Statistics - www.hiv.gov
Genital HPV Infection - Fact Sheet - www.cdc.gov
HPV (Human Papillomavirus) - my.clevelandclinic.org
Trichomoniasis - CDC Fact Sheet - www.cdc.gov
Which STD tests should I get? - www.cdc.gov
✎Manage Mini Chart
Top 3 STD Testing Services
Syphilis - Everything You Need to Know
Herpes - Everything you need to know
Gonorrhea - Everything you need to know
Chlamydia - Everything You Need to Know
HIV - Everything You need to know
HPV - Everything You Need to Know
Trichomoniasis - Everything you need to know
Hepatitis - Everything you need to know
Edit final provider
✎ Update Footer Sections
LetsGetChecked Review
myLabBox Review
Health Testing Center Review
STDCheck.com Review
Everlywell Review
Nurx Review
Personalabs Review
Copyright © 2021 STDWatch.com


Four members of Appalachian State University' wrestling team will compete on the biggest collegiate stage on Thursday when they battle in St. Louis for the NCAA Division I Wrestling Championship.
The Mountaineers had three wrestlers qualify by winning their respective weight class in the 2017 Southern Conference tournament and one wrestler qualify as an at-large candidate.
Appalachian is represented by seniors Denzel Dejournette at the heavyweight and Vito Pasone at the 125-pound division. The Black and Gold will also have sophomore Matt Zovistoski at 149 pounds and freshman 133-pounder Colby Smith.
Two-time SoCon Wrestler of the Year Dejournette went 23-5 to go along with both him and App State going undefeated in SoCon play at 6-0 and 7-0, respectively. Dejournette had 10 bonus point victories and two seven-match win streaks on the season. The senior was also named SoCon Wrestler of the Year this year. His 106 career victories rank him fifth all-time. In the conference tournament, he made quick work of his opponents, getting a 30-second pin to start things off before a 20-4 technical fall put him in the championship match where he won 7-4.
Zovistoski finished the season with a 23-8 record, including eight bonus point victories before being the champion at 149 pounds in the SoCon Tournament. He began with a 12-0 major decision over Joby Armenta of Gardner-Webb before narrowly defeating Ben Barton of Campbell with a 2-1 decision. Zovistoski then faced SIUE's John Fahy for the first place batter where App State got the 6-5 decision victory.
SoCon all-conference selection Pasone went 14-7 on the season and 10-3 in duals – undefeated in league action. This year, the senior has seven bonus point victories, including a string of three straight over a group that included nationally ranked opponents. His 88 career victories place him eighth all-time at Appalachian. Pasone fell to Campbell's Nathan Kraisser, 16-1, before he was able to battle back to blast Gardner-Webb's Landon LoAlbo with a 20-7 major decision before defeating Alonzo Allen in an 18-1 technical fall in the third-place match.
Conference all-freshman selection Smith finished the regular season with an impressive 24 wins (14 bonus point victories) and only eight losses, going 13-3 in duals. He started off the conference tournament with a 9-1 major decision before getting another major decision when he defeated Jonathan Ryan of Campbell, 12-1, to get to the first place bout. The freshman would fall to Chattanooga's Chris Debian 7-4 in double overtime to finish second overall.
The NCAA Tournament begins Thursday, March 16 at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Mo.


The dataset of evaportranspiration measured by micro-lysimeter was obtained at the super site (100m×100m, pure Qinghai spruce) around the Dayekou Guantan forest station. Observation items included the ground-based lidar scanning, the total station measuring, DGPS, tally investigation, LAI, canopy spectrum, camera observations of the canopy, soil evapotranspiration, the soil frozen tube observations, surface roughness, precipitation interception, soil moisture and dry-wet weight of the forest component.
Observation time was 18:00 every day from Jun. 1 to Dec. 31, 2008. 20 rain gauges, 4 self-made Lysimeter (diameter: 20cm) and the electronic balance were used.
Those provide reliable data for retrieval of evapotranspiration from remote sensing data.


AJ and Andrew talk about a few things to discover outside of the parks, like making your own candles at the Co-Op, or painting your own Food and Wine Festival inspired wine glass on the Boardwalk and more. We also go over some news and hearsay that we saw lately, including some favorite attractions that will be closing. Finally we talk about dining at Palo on the Disney Dream, don't miss this fine dining option on Disney Cruise line!


SHOULD WE WEAR OUR 'SPECIAL' PIECES EVERY DAY?
Hide it or flaunt it?
Sara Donaldson from Harper and Harley recently wrote a blog called "Why you should wear your 'Special' Pieces Every Day" and it really opened my eyes as I am one of those people who save my 'Special' pieces for that 'Special' day. Now that I think back, I feel like I have expanded my wardrobe and wear those 'special' pieces more often then not but there is always room for improvement.
Unfortunately, I am that person and so this post really resonated with me – Therefore, it only felt fitting to share my thoughts and the reason behind it.
My problem is that I have a huge fear of wasting a perfectly good outfit on an insignificant day. That's my issue! The other problem could have been the fact that growing up in Darwin it was abnormal to be over dressed and not only that but who wants to be sweating in their 'special' piece from the humidity? Not me.
My move to Canberra helped me to be more comfortable and brave to wear my 'special' pieces because it seemed more appropriate and I don't get strange looks either.
I think what also resonated with me and has given me the fear to wear my 'special' piece for a insignificant day is because back in High School, my best friend made a point that has stayed with me till this day.
I didn't want that… that's why I like to keep my work clothes separate to my everyday clothes – I didn't want to look the same and I always felt restricted.
All of the reasons mentioned above is what holds me back from buying 'special' pieces in the first place but I think I feel a little more motivated to invest on more of these pieces and wearing them on an average day as well as for a 'special' occasion. I need to stop being afraid of the unknown and just flaunt what my mumma gave me.
The disadvantage of not purchasing 'special' pieces results to me never having any nice evening wear for special occasions because I am always purchasing casual items that will have me looking under dressed. It all makes sense now!
Midi skirts/dresses, flared pants and bold prints/colours come at me. Thank you Harper and Harley for changing my perspective on a 'special' piece. You're right, life is too short for hiding special pieces in your wardrobe. You gotta give it a bit of love and tenderness.


It took Kevin Harvick 17 years to return to Victory Lane at Atlanta Motor Speedway, home of the 2014 champion's first Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series victory.
Harvick was dominate once again at the 1.54-mile track. The Stewart-Haas Racing driver led 181 of 325 laps as well as finishing almost three seconds ahead of second place, Brad Keselowski.
Just like in 2001, Harvick held three fingers out the window of his No. 4 Jimmy Johns Ford to pay tribute to the late Dale Earnhardt.
Harvick overcame early pit road problems when pit gun issues forced the driver to return to double check all the lugnuts before returning to competition.
Harvick started the second stage of the Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500 in the 16th position on Lap 94. 32 laps later, Harvick passed teammate Kurt Busch for the lead.
Jimmie Johnson brought out the first caution for an incident on Lap 160. The 7-time champion blew a tire that caused him to spin in Turn 2. The Hendrick Motorsports driver sustained significant damage to his Lowe's for Pros Chevrolet. He finished in the 27th position, four laps down.
Trevor Bayne blew an engine late in the event on Lap 297, leaving a cloud of smoke in his rear view. The smoke left rookie Bubba Wallace blinded, ultimately running into the back of Ricky Stenhouse Jr.
Five Fords finished inside the top 10. Brad Keselowski finished second, Clint Bowyer third, while Joey Logano and Busch finished sixth and eighth, respectively.
Logano takes the series points lead after the second race of the season, six points over teammate Ryan Blaney.
The Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series head to Las Vegas for the first of three events on the West Coast on March 4, 2018.
Martin Truex Jr. dominated in 2017, winning each stage, and passing Brad Keselowski in the final laps for his first Cup victory in Sin City.
Don't miss Truex attempt to defend his victory on Sunday, March 4th at 3:30 p.m ET on FOX.
Brad Keselowski capitalized on others mistakes Sunday evening after battling his own to win the Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500.
Keselowski was forced to pit late in the race after a team setback left the No. 2 Autotrader Ford restarting 13th, dampening their chances at a victory. But Keselowski was not to be denied.
Keselowski maintained the track position he worked for despite pitting for fresh tires after a caution was thrown for Austin Dillon and Kevin Harvick was penalized for speeding on pit road.
Keselowski passed Kyle Larson five laps later to score the 22nd victory of his Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series career. Harvick dominated the event, winning both Stage 1 and Stage 2, before a costly miscalculation.
Harvick was just one of the 13 speeding violations throughout the event. Chase Elliott, who paid the price on Lap 212, made a comeback for fifth place.
While most drivers were being penalized for speeding on pit road, surprisingly, Joe Gibbs Racing's Denny Hamlin was not. However, he suffered a rear end issue and finished 38th of the 39 car field.
At the end of the day it was Keselowski with all the glory. He sits third in the standings after gaining five playoff points, while Harvick leads after two races.


Australia's Port of Newcastle could turn away from coal as its new chairman said there is an "urgent need" to diversify the regional economy and the port's business.
Professor Roy Green, who has been appointed Chairman of the Port of Newcastle Board, informed that coal "has been at the heart of" the Hunter's economy for the better part of two centuries, and it will continue to be central to the prosperity of the region and Port of Newcastle for some time to come.
"However, there is also an urgent need to diversify the Hunter economy and the port's business," Green added.
Port of Newcastle has already started diversifying, through investments in a new cruise terminal and non-coal freight facilities.
"But we must build significantly on this platform and create world class port facilities that are able to meet the needs of a rapidly changing Hunter and NSW economy. With a 98 year lease, the Port of Newcastle is obliged to think long term, and it will," Green commented.
"Clearly the long term outlook for coal is a threat to the port and Hunter region, but it is also a huge opportunity. While the world's demand for our coal is beyond our control, our ability to invest in new sources of growth and innovation is not," he continued.
Additionally, Green said that ensuring a level playing field for the development of a viable and competitive container terminal will be among other challenges.
Port of Newcastle's Shareholders are The Infrastructure Fund and China Merchants Group who have an equal 50/50 shareholding.
Posted on December 18, 2017 with tags Coal, Newcastle.


text:
Q: Should I use touch-action: none instead of preventDefault() to stop scrolling on touch device? I have been trying to stop scrolling in touch devices and I used the touchmove event for that as:
$('body').on('touchmove.sidebar', function(e){
  e.preventDefault();
});

In Chrome console I see the warning:

Unable to preventDefault inside passive event listener due to target
  being treated as passive. See
  https://www.chromestatus.com/features/5093566007214080

On github it has been suggested to use touch-action: none instead of preventDefault(). So my question is:
Should I use both preventDefault() and touch-action: none or only the later? Would the later work for firefox and other touch browsers?

A: The reason you are seeing the warning in Chrome is because, by default from Chrome Version 54, to enhance scroll performance, it assumes that no preventDefault() will be called for document level.
I haven't used jQuery much so, in simple js:
body.addEventListener("touchmove", function(e){}, passive:false);

Check this answer out

Note-1: Make sure that you are providing another way to scroll through
  your page if it needs scrolling.
Note-2: Try to add the event handler to specific elements in your HTML page
  rather than the HTML-body if possible.

Now to answer your question:
You do not need both, either one is sufficient. Decide based on your requirement.

*

*Check caniuse and if you are happy with the browser support touch-action has, go for it.

*If you are not satisfied with the support it provides, use the preventDefault() method.

Note: preventDefault() method will be applied only when the
  specified event is occurring, and by specifying the style
  touch-action:none, touchEvents for that respective element won't be
  fired at all, as long as this style is applied.

Do check this link for more understanding:
https://www.html5rocks.com/en/mobile/touchandmouse/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Browse Barstools Sunpan Modern seating available at Lamps Plus! Save money and inspire your home with home furnishings at Hayneedle where you can buy online while you explore our room designs and curated looks for tips ideas inspiration to help you along the way. Whether Sunpan Modern Alba Pub Table Set your in need of a dining table console table bar stool or a new contemporary living room furniture set SunPan Modern Home can help! Results 1 0 of. Minimal assembly. Sunpan Bar Table.
Counter height Pub Table Wade Logan Springdale Swivel Bar Stool Upholstery Espresso. Sunpan Furniture Overstock Your Online Dining Room Bar Furniture Store! North Shore Rectangular Extendable Dining Room Set. Turn on search history to start remembering your searches.
Discover your perfect furniture piece from Sunpan Modern Homes collection at Coleman.
Black tempered glass top Adjustable floor levellers Stainless steel frame construction Great for small spaces Wipe clean with a damp cloth. Bar Stool Kitchen Stools Bar Stools Table And Chairs Bar Stool Sports. Start remembering your searches.
Amisco 0 Counter Bar Stools Kitchen Stools Modern Bar Stools. Belham Living Mid Century Modern Upholstered Dining Chair Set of.
Results 1 0 of 1 Orren Ellis Theophile Dining Table. Youll the Pub Table Set at Wayfair Great Deals on all Furniture products with Free Shipping on most stuff even the big stuff Sole Designs Side Chair Frame Color Natural Upholstery Luck Zenith Teal. 1 0 low price. Sunpan Sunpan is a global furniture company offering an extensive variety of contemporary and transitional furnishings for your. Results 1 0 of 0.
Cumar Black Adjustable Height Wood and Chrome Metal Bar Table.
Overstock Your Online Dining Room Bar Furniture Store!
Copper Grove Patos Counter height Pub Table Holland Bar Stool Catalina 30 Swivel Bar Stool Upholstery Natural Oak Base Finish Pewter. Telara Contemporary Antique Black Bar Table by FOA. 0 Black Faux Leather Tufted Bar Stool.


This study examines the projections of hydroclimatic regimes and extremes over Andean basins in central Chile (∼ 30–40° S) under a low and high emission scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively). A gridded daily precipitation and temperature dataset based on observations is used to drive and validate the VIC macro-scale hydrological model in the region of interest. Historical and future simulations from 19 climate models participating in CMIP5 have been adjusted with the observational dataset and then used to make hydrological projections. By the end of the century, there is a large difference between the scenarios, with projected warming of ∼ + 1.2 °C (RCP2.6), ∼ + 3.5 °C (RCP8.5) and drying of ∼ − 3% (RCP2.6), ∼ − 30% (RCP8.5). Following the strong drying and warming projected in this region under the RCP8.5 scenario, the VIC model simulates decreases in annual runoff of about 40% by the end of the century. Such strong regional effect of climate change may have large implications for the water resources of this region. Even under the low emission scenario, the Andes snowpack is projected to decrease by 35–45% by mid-century. In more snowmelt-dominated areas, the projected hydrological changes under RCP8.5 go together with more loss in the snowpack (75–85%) and a temporal shift in the center timing of runoff to earlier dates (up to 5 weeks by the end of the century). The severity and frequency of extreme hydroclimatic events are also projected to increase in the future. The occurrence of extended droughts, such as the recently experienced mega-drought (2010–2015), increases from one to up to five events per 100 years under RCP8.5. Concurrently, probability density function of 3-day peak runoff indicates an increase in the frequency of flood events. The estimated return periods of 3-day peak runoff events depict more drastic changes and increase in the flood risk as higher recurrence intervals are considered by mid-century under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, and by the end of the century under RCP8.5.
The online version of this article ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2246-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S1 in the supplementary materials) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. DB acknowledges support from FONDECYT grant 3150036. MR acknowledges support from NC120066 and FONDECYT grant 1171773. JPB acknowledges support from FONDECYT grant 3150492. In particular, we are thankful to Justin Sheffield (Princeton University) and Edwin P. Maurer (Santa Clara University) for providing the VIC model parameter files and gridded meteorological fields.
This work was funded by FONDAP-CONICYT 15110009.


The Epson Powerlite 713C is made from ORIGINAL** parts and is intended as a replacement for use in Epson brand projectors and is a replacement lamp for the alternative projector models listed below.
It has an average operating time of 1000 hours and includes a 150 Watt UHE lamp made by PHILIPS, USHIO or OSRAM. The MyProjectorLamp price is only $225.78 for the projector lamp.
The Epson Powerlite 713C and projector lamp module both come with a full manufacturer warranty.


text:
Yorkshire Coast Rescue Teams assist air ambulance
Wednesday September 8, 2021 10:31 am
By Matthieu Pells
Volunteers from the Scarborough and Ryedale Mountain Rescue Team and Goathland Fire Hall were called in twice yesterday.
Volunteer teams were called to the Hole of Horcum just after 11:30 am to report that a lady had fallen ill on one of the trails at the bottom of the feature. After on-site assessment, she was packed into one of the Mountain Rescue Team's stretchers and transported to the hairpin on Saltergate Bank by the team and a team from the Goathland Fire Station before being transferred to a waiting ambulance and transported to final medical care.
Shortly thereafter, the team was called with the Yorkshire Ambulance Service, North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service and Yorkshire Air Ambulance to report that an individual had fallen about 12 feet from an embankment into a stream and had suffered a head injury.
The mountain rescue team says:
"The first reports indicated that the individual was in the water and unable to save himself. When we arrived at the scene, we learned that the helicopter crew had succeeded in extracting the patient and remove it from the site. "
Yesterday's two jobs bring SRMRT's call count to eighty-six for the year.
Sonko's Rescue Team Wins Overall Title at 4by4 Challenge
Former Bath firefighter leads Haiti earthquake relief team
Pikes Peak Animal Rescue Squad Sent to Help Ida Displaced Pets | Colorado Springs News
Pune fire team rescue worker trapped in debris

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Nearly everyday you can hear some someone driving down Cherry Hill, coming to or from Canton or Inkster. Well, you can hear a lot of vehicles, but the ones you'll notice are those with the loud exhausts! Some are built that way with a custom exhaust system, but all too often, it is a bad muffler. With a simple muffler shop near me search on their phone, those people can find the best Muffler Shop in Westland!
A car's muffler is made to carry out two functions. The first is to direct the exhaust gases out of the engine and through the exhaust pipes. The second, and possibly the most important, is to reduce the usual deafening sounds of the exhaust gases exiting the engine.
Mufflers generally last between five and seven years on American-made vehicles. There are circumstances, however, that a muffler can untimely fail. This includes; being exposed to massive amounts of salt, being frequently hit by curbs, potholes, speed bumps, etc., and excessive use. Is it time to get your muffler replaced?
Here are some general warning signs that your car's muffler is failing and in need of repair or replacement.
When any components in the exhaust system are damaged, it can impact vehicle performance, including engine misfiring. If there is a hole inside the muffler, it will lose its efficiency and can cause engine misfires.
When the muffler is damaged, it causes the exhaust to leak, increasing the sound that comes out of the exhaust system. This is pretty common.
Excessive condensation coming from the exhaust pipe is a sign that the muffler is rusted and wearing out.
If your muffler does need to be fixed, you should do that immediately because there are risks involved. Did you know that you can get a ticket for not having an adequate muffler? Each state is different in its laws concerning vehicular maintenance and muffler status. In Michigan, you can get pulled over under suspicion of loud exhaust if the officer has a DBA meter, a meter to register sound. If you have a defective muffler, the police officer can ticket you for defective exhaust or defective muffler.
Mr. Muffler is the best car maintenance shop in and around Westland, Canton, Inkster, Garden City, and Livonia to name just a few nearby cities in Southeast Michigan. Our mechanics that replace mufflers in Westland are very attentive to customers. Not only do they have decades of experience in dealing with vehicle repairs but they also have excellent customer service.
We also offer exclusive deals such as $10 off major repairs and a $65 exhaust repair! Come in today to get a quote or contact us through our website. We can't wait to meet you!


2013 Toyota RAV4 (LE FWD | ONE-OWNER, LOCAL TRADE-IN) for sale at Jackson's Toyota! Amazing condition, at a great price!
Our Pre-Owned 2013 Toyota RAV4 LE FWD is a local trade-in with only one previous owner! The vehicle is equipped with a 6.1" touchscreen audio display w/ back-up camera, keyless entry, ECO and SPORT drive modes and Bluetooth connectivity.


PayMaya Philippines Inc. (formerly Smart eMoney Inc.), the digital financial services arm of PLDT and Smart Communications Inc. (Smart), announced that it has successfully conducted mobile money interoperability trials between its digital payments mobile app PayMaya with Globe Telecom's GCash as part of an initiative of the GSMA in making mobile money services more inclusive and accessible to Filipinos, particularly among those without access to banking services. This is the first successful interoperability trial in Southeast Asia between two mobile money providers.
Moves toward local mobile money interoperability took a huge step Monday at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Spain, where mobile money operators from the Philippines and key officials from GSMA are gathering to step up plans for integrating mobile money systems in the country within the year.
GSMA's initiative is also in line with the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas-led vision for a National Payments Retail System in the country which PayMaya Philippines, as a non-bank financial institution, supports. Other stakeholders of the NPRS program include banks, remittance providers, microfinance and other financial institutions. PayMaya Philippines is the company behind pioneering mobile money service Smart Money, leading domestic remittance provider Smart Padala and the more recently launched PayMaya app, which is now the number one financial payments app in Google Play.
With interoperability in place, users of PayMaya in the country can soon send funds to users of other mobile money systems, including the likes of GCash, and vice versa. Aside from domestic remittances, GCash and PayMaya are also expected to collaborate on merchant payments, bulk payments, government-to-person payments (G2P), and person-to-government payments (P2G), among others. This move is seen to boost the growth of mobile money usage in the country, and in turn expand the local digital commerce ecosystem.
"We welcome this milestone on the mobile money interoperability initiative between Smart/PayMaya and Globe G-Cash. This development comes on the heels of the launch of the National Retail Payment System (NRPS) Framework in December led by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and fully supported by the industry, which aims to create a safe, efficient, reliable and affordable electronic retail payment system that is interconnected and interoperable," said BSP Deputy Governor Nestor A. Espenilla Jr.
In a speech delivered by BSP Amando Tetangco Jr., he said that studies have shown that shifting from paper to electronic-based payment system could generate an annual savings of up to one percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP).


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The metal to insulator transition (MIT) in V$_2$O$_3$ \cite{rice1970metal} has been the subject of intense
investigations, due in part to the coupled structural, electronic and magnetic phase transitions
that occur in the material \cite{paolasini1999orbital,leiner2019frustrated}.  Above the bulk MIT temperature, T$_c$ of 155~K,
V$_2$O$_3$ is a metal and is stable in the corundum phase.  Below T$_c$,
V$_2$O$_3$ undergoes a structural transition from corundum to monoclinic.
This is accompanied by the opening of a Mott gap of 0.40 eV
below the MIT T$_c$, which manifests in a large increase in the electrical resisitivity \cite{mcwhan1973metal}.
The co-occurrence of these phenomena has led to several
efforts that have sought to control these phase transitions.

To understand and control the MIT in V$_2$O$_3$ it is important to consider the underlying microscopic
mechanism that leads to the transition.  While it is well accepted that above T$_c$ the electronic phase is
metallic and below T$_c$ it is a Mott insulator, the mechanism leading to the MIT cannot be
described as a Mott transition.  It is only recently, through
a combination of neutron scattering measurements and first-principles calculations,  that Leiner {\it et al.} convincingly
demonstrated that it is instead a first-order phase transition between two states that host
different magnetically ordered states in addition to being structurally and electronically distinct above and below
the MIT T$_c$ \cite{leiner2019frustrated}.
The metallic high-temperature (HT)
phase was shown to be a strongly frustrated paramagnet and the insulating low-temperature (LT) phase is
a robust antiferromagnet with little frustration.
Since the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of V$_2$O$_3$ are intimately linked, this
makes the metal-insulator transition temperature sensitive to external perturbations.

Indeed, we have shown that the presence of point defects in the form of Frenkel pairs
disrupts bonding and the magnetic ordering of the V atoms, which in turn leads to a reduction in the
energy to transition between the HT paramagnetic metallic phase and the LT antiferromagnetic
insulating phase \cite{wickramaratne2019role}.  This is consistent with an experimental observation that found
the MIT T$_c$ to decrease when point defects are introduced intentionally compared to the $T_c$ of
as-grown V$_2$O$_3$ \cite{Ramirez_2015}.
The sensitivity of the MIT to changes in bonding has also made the use
of strain an appealing approach to manipulate and control the MIT.
This is part of a general growing interest in manipulating the transition temperature
of materials that exhibit a MIT by taking advantage of advances in
epitaxial growth, which has enabled the growth of thin films on
targeted substrates \cite{saerbeck2014coupling}.

Epitaxial growth of V$_2$O$_3$ on $a$-plane ($11\bar{2}0$), $c$-plane ($0001$), $m$-plane ($1\bar{1}00$)
and $r$-plane ($1\bar{1}02$) Al$_2$O$_3$ substrates has been explored by a number of groups
\cite{thorsteinsson2018tuning,brockman2012substrate,kalcheim2019robust,dillemans2014evidence,allimi2008resistivity,schuler1997influence, sass2003structural}.  Growth of V$_2$O$_3$ on these substrates occurs at a
temperature well above the MIT T$_c$, which, results in a film that presumably adopts the high-temperature (HT) paramagnetic
corundum structure during growth.  The Al$_2$O$_3$ lattice constants are lower than the corundum V$_2$O$_3$ lattice constants, so V$_2$O$_3$ is
expected to be under compressive strain if the growth is coherent.
  The reports of T$_c$ identified from measurements of resistance versus temperature of these epitaxially
grown films are varied.  Schuler {\it et al.} demonstrated that the T$_c$ increases by 45 K with respect to unstrained V$_2$O$_3$ in a cooling cycle
measurement of resistance versus temperature for V$_2$O$_3$ grown on $c$-plane Al$_2$O$_3$ \cite{schuler1997influence}.
In contrast, Kalcheim {\it et al.} \cite{kalcheim2019robust}
demonstrated that V$_2$O$_3$ grown on the $m$-plane and $r$-plane orientations of Al$_2$O$_3$ led to a T$_c$ that is larger
than the unstrained T$_c$ (by up to 16 K), while growth on the $a$-plane orientation of Al$_2$O$_3$ led to a reduction in
T$_c$.  Growth on alternative substrates, such as LiTaO$_3$, has also been explored where V$_2$O$_3$ is expected
to be under tensile strain if the growth is coherent \cite{allimi2008thickness, brockman2012substrate,yonezawa2004epitaxial}.
In these studies it was found the T$_c$ of V$_2$O$_3$ was larger than the T$_c$ of unstrained V$_2$O$_3$.
An alternative approach to impart strain on V$_2$O$_3$ has been through the use of ferroelectric and piezoelectric
substrates that are subject to electrical biases with different polarity \cite{salev2019giant, sakai2019strain}.
For instance, the T$_c$ of V$_2$O$_3$ on a PMN-PT substrate increased by 30 K when the PMN-PT substrate
underwent tensile expansion due to an applied bias.

The results of these experimental studies have been interpreted
using the pressure versus temperature phase diagram of V$_2$O$_3$ \cite{rice1970metal}.  According to this phase diagram,
positive pressure (volume reduction) leads to a reduction in T$_c$ while negative pressure (volume
expansion) leads to an increase in T$_c$.
However, for a material under uniaxial or biaxial
strain, the corresponding change in bonding can be very different from the change in bonding
associated with hydrostatic pressure.
Furthermore, first-principles calculations have demonstrated that relying on chemical pressure alone to
interpret the V$_2$O$_3$ phase diagram can be misleading \cite{lechermann2018uncovering}.
To our knowledge, the impact of strain
on the structural, magnetic and electronic properties of V$_2$O$_3$ has not yet been theoretically studied.
Because of this, there is no clear relationship
that can be deduced from the experimental reports on changes in the V$_2$O$_3$ T$_c$
grown on different substrates and the magnitude and direction of the strain imparted.

In this study, we use first-principles calculations to investigate
the effect of uniaxial and equibiaxial compressive and tensile strains on the structural, magnetic and electronic
properties of V$_2$O$_3$.  We find that up to 1\%~compressive equibiaxial or uniaxial strains increase the energy required
to transition to the LT antiferromagnetic insulating phase by up to 75$\%$ compared to unstrained
V$_2$O$_3$.  This would be reflected in an increase in the MIT T$_c$ when V$_2$O$_3$ is under compressive strain.
In contrast, we find equibiaxial tensile or uniaxial tensile strains lead
to modest reductions or increases in the energy to transition to the antiferromagnetic insulating phase depending on the
direction along which the strain is imparted.  We identify the microscopic origin of these changes in the energy
to transition between the metallic and insulating phase as being changes in the bond lengths of the pair of next-nearest
neighbor vanadium atoms that are antiferromagnetically aligned in the LT monoclinic structure.

\section{Computational Methods}
\label{sec:methods}
Our calculations are based on density functional theory
within the projector-augmented wave method \cite{Blochl_PAW} as implemented in
the \textrm{VASP} code \cite{VASP_ref,VASP_ref2} using the generalized
gradient approximation defined by the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional
\cite{perdew1996generalized}. In our calculations, \textrm{V} $4s^{2}%
3p^{6}3d^{3}$ electrons and \textrm{O} $2s^{2}2p^{4}$ electrons are treated as
valence. All calculations use a plane-wave energy cutoff of 600~eV.  Structural
relaxations of the lattice parameters and internal coordinates were carried
out with an $8\times8\times8$ $k$-point grid and a force convergence
criterion of 5 meV/\AA.~
In order to
simulate the Mott-insulating behavior of V$_{2}$O$_{3}$
we use a spherically-averaged Hubbard
correction within the fully-localized limit double-counting subtraction
\cite{anisimov1993density}.
We apply a $U-J$ value of 1.8~eV
to the V $d$-states, which reproduces the experimental band gap
of V$_2$O$_3$.  We note studies that compared exchange coupling constants obtained
from neutron scattering with first-principles calculations relied on a larger
value of $U-J$ (3 eV) to obtain quantitative agreement between theory and experiment \cite{leiner2019frustrated}.
We find our overall conclusions to remain unchanged if we also use a $U-J$ value of 3 eV.

To study the effects of epitaxial strain, we performed
``strained-bulk" calculations where we impose compressive and
tensile equibiaxial strain on the $a$ and $b$ (denoted as $ab$), $b$ and $c$ (denoted as $bc$), $a$ and
$c$ (denoted as $ac$) monoclinic lattice vectors and uniaxial strain along the
$a$, $b$ and $c$ monoclinic lattice vectors of the
V$_2$O$_3$ unit cell and then optimize the free lattice constant(s)
and all atomic positions of the unit cell.
The standard VASP package does
not allow for arbitrary constraints to be placed on the strain
tensor during relaxation.  To perform these constrained calculations,
we made modifications that set specific components of the stress
tensor to zero during the minimization routine.  This allowed us to impose
strain along the different axes as we report here.

Since growth of V$_2$O$_3$ occurs at temperatures well above the MIT T$_c$, the
as-deposited V$_2$O$_3$ epitaxial films will adopt the HT paramagnetic
structure.
Paramagnetically ordered states are challenging to describe
with standard DFT.  However, since the paramagnetic HT phase is magnetically frustrated \cite{leiner2019frustrated},
magnetic ordering has a weak effect on total energies.  We have previously shown that the FM ordered
monoclinic structure can be used as a suitable proxy for the paramagnetic HT corundum phase \cite{wickramaratne2019role}.
Since strain is defined with respect to the HT phase, we use the lattice constants
of the HT ferromagnetic structure as the reference for strain.
For example, uniaxial strain along the monoclinic $a$ axis, $\epsilon_{a}$, is
defined as: $\epsilon_{a}$ = [($a$ - $a_{0}$)/$a_{0}$], where $a_0$ is the equilibrium $a$ lattice
constant of the FM monoclinic structure.  In such a calculation we would only
allow the monoclinic $b$ and $c$ lattice constants, bond angles and atomic coordinates to be
optimized.  Next, with this optimized structure we impose an AFM ordering of spins on the V atoms (ferromagnetic
along the $a$ and $c$ axes and antiferromagnetic along the $b$ axis) and optimize the free lattice parameters and
atomic coordinates.
We report results for compressive and tensile strain along each of the monoclinic axes for
strains that range between $\pm$ 1$\%$.  Positive values of $\epsilon$ correspond to tensile strain.

\section{Results}
\label{sec:results}

\subsection{Bulk properties}
The HT metallic phase of V$_2$O$_3$ is stable in the corundum structure with space group $R\bar{3}c$.
Neutron scattering measurements in combination with first-principles calculations have
demonstrated the corundum phase of V$_2$O$_3$ to be a highly frustrated paramagnet \cite{leiner2019frustrated}.
As we discuss in Sec.~\ref{sec:methods}, we use a FM ordered structure as a proxy for the
disordered paramagnetic phase of the corundum HT structure since it has the correct magnitude of the
magnetic moments and it respects the full
lattice symmetry (as opposed to an antiferromagnetic arrangement of spins).
Indeed, we have previously shown that the energy difference between the corundum structure with FM
order and AFM order imposed is low, 0.8 meV per vanadium atom \cite{wickramaratne2019role}, consistent with the magnetic
frustration that has been experimentally identified in the HT phase \cite{leiner2019frustrated}.
Our DFT+$U$ lattice constants of the FM corundum structure are
$a$=$b$=5.037 \AA, and $c$=14.305 \AA~and the bond angle of the rhombohedral unit cell is
$\theta$=54.6$^{\circ}$, which are within 1.5$\%$ of the experimentally measured lattice
parameters of the HT corundum structure ($a$=$b$=4.952 \AA, $c$=14.003 \AA~and $\theta$=56.1$^{\circ}$).

The LT insulating phase of V$_2$O$_3$ is antiferromagnetic and has a monoclinic structure with space group $P_{2}1/c$.
We find the lattice
constants of the LT monoclinic structure of V$_{2}$O$_{3}$ to be: $a$ = 7.414
\AA , $b$ = 5.084 \AA ~and~$c$ = 5.559 \AA, and the bond angles to be
$\alpha$=$\gamma$=90$^{\circ}$ and $\beta$=97.3$^{\circ}$, which are within 2.7$\%$ of the experimental LT
lattice parameters ($a$ = 7.255 \AA , $b$ = 5.002 \AA, $c$ = 5.548 \AA~and $\beta$=96.8$^{\circ}$)
reported for monoclinic V$_{2}$O$_{3}$ \cite{dernier1970crystal}.
To describe the antiferromagnetic ordering of spins we use a four formula-unit cell.  We find
the ground state magnetic ordering to be the one where the V atoms are aligned ferromagnetically along the
monoclinic $a$ and $c$ axes and aligned antiferromagnetically along the monoclinic $b$ axis, which
is consistent with neutron scattering measurements of the monoclinic insulating phase \cite{leiner2019frustrated, moon1970antiferromagnetism}.

Along the monoclinic $b$-axis, the pair of next-nearest neighbor V atoms that are antiferromagnetically aligned have
two different V-V bond lengths.  We label the shorter of the two bonds $\beta_1$, and the second
V-V pair is labeled $\beta_2$, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:uc}.  The bond length of the $\beta_1$ pair is
2.996 \AA,~while the bond length of the $\beta_2$ pair is 3.085 \AA.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{./uc}\caption{Schematic illustration of the
V$_2$O$_3$ monoclinic unit cell.  Vanadium
atoms are in blue and oxygen atoms are in orange.  The pair of V atoms that are antiferromagnetically
aligned along the monoclinic $b$ axis are denoted $\beta_{1}$ and $\beta_{2}$.
}
\label{fig:uc}
\end{figure}

Since we are interested in the impact of strain on the energy to transition between the paramagnetic (approximated
as ferromagnetic) HT phase and the antiferromagnetic LT phase using the ``strained-bulk'' approach,
we also calculate the lattice parameters and
electronic properties of the monoclinic structure where all of the V atoms are ferromagnetically
aligned.
If we allow for full structural relaxation (volume, cell shape and atomic positions) in this magnetic state we find the structure
takes on the HT corundum structure and is metallic.

\subsection{Biaxial and uniaxial strain}
\subsubsection{Structural properties}
For the magnitudes of strain that we have investigated, we find that biaxial and uniaxial strain leads to elastic
changes in the volume and in turn in the free lattice parameter(s).  The monoclinic bond angle only changes by up to
$\pm$0.2$\%$ for the
largest strain ($\pm$1$\%$) that we consider.

If we consider biaxial strain imposed along the monoclinic $ab$ axes, applying compressive equibiaxial strain
to the FM structure and allowing the monoclinic $c$ lattice parameter and all atomic positions to relax
leads to an increase in the $c$ lattice constant.  We find the $c$ lattice constant increases
linearly as a function of the applied compressive strain.  Conversely, for equibiaxial tensile strain, the $c$ lattice
constant decreases linearly with respect to the $c$ lattice constant of the unstrained FM structure.
The ratio of the change in the $c$ lattice constant
as a function of the applied equibiaxial in-plane strain is a positive constant in the elastic regime and is defined as
the Poisson ratio, $\nu = -\epsilon_{zz}/(\epsilon_{xx}+\epsilon_{yy})$, where
$\epsilon_{zz}$ is the strain in the $c$ lattice constant and $\epsilon_{xx}$ and $\epsilon_{yy}$ are the
strains along the $a$ and $b$ monoclinic lattice constants, respectively.
We find $\nu$=0.31 for the FM structure under equibiaxial
strain along the $ab$ axes.  We find the response of the V$_2$O$_3$ lattice to equibiaxial strain along the $bc$ and $ac$ axes
to be similar; the free lattice parameter changes linearly with a Poisson ratio that is positive.  $\nu$=0.33 for
the FM structure under equibiaxial strain along $bc$ and $\nu$=0.32 for equibiaxial strain along $ac$.

Next we impose AFM ordering on the structures that are under equibiaxial or uniaxial tensile strain.
As discussed in Section \ref{sec:methods}, we assume the lattice parameters of the HT paramagnetic (approximated as FM)
would be clamped to the substrate post-growth and these lattice parameters remain fixed when the
transition to the LT AFM insulating phase occurs.
For example, for equibiaxial strain along the monoclinic $ab$ axis, $\epsilon_{ab}$,
of 1$\%$ (where $\epsilon_{ab}$ is with respect to the equilibrium FM lattice parameters) we use the same monoclinic $a$ and
$b$ lattice parameters that are strained by 1$\%$ with respect to the equilibrium FM monoclinic lattice constants,
impose AFM order and allow the monoclinic $c$ lattice constant and all atomic coordinates to relax.

For each of the structures under strain with AFM order imposed, we find the lattice also responds elastically with a
positive Poisson ratio.  The magnitude of $\nu$ for the structures that are antiferromagnetically
ordered for the different directions of equibiaxial strain are as follows: $\nu$=0.36 ($ab$), 0.38 ($bc$)
and 0.33 ($ac$).

\subsubsection{Total energies}
In Figure~\ref{fig:en}, we illustrate the variation in the total energy of the FM and AFM configuration under
biaxial strain along the monoclinic $ab$ and $bc$ axes and uniaxial strain along the monoclinic $b$ axis.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{./en}\caption{Variation in the total energy of the AFM (solid line) and FM (dotted line)
configuration per V$_2$O$_3$ formula unit
under compressive and tensile strain along the monoclinic $ab$ ($\square$), $bc$ ($\circ$) and $b$ ($\triangledown$) axes.
Note, strain is defined with respect to the equilibrium lattice constants of the FM structure.}
\label{fig:en}
\end{figure}
It is evident that the AFM configuration remains lower in energy than the
FM configuration for all values of strain.  For each of these values of strain, the FM configuration
remains metallic while the AFM configuration remains insulating.

\subsubsection{Spin-flip energies}
From Fig.~\ref{fig:en} it is also evident the energy to transition between the high-temperature FM configuration
and the low-temperature AFM configuration as a function of compressive and tensile strain is not a constant.
For example, the total energy difference between the
AFM and FM configuration under biaxial strain along $ab$ is larger under compressive strain compared to tensile strain.
  We define this energy difference between the AFM and FM configuration
at a fixed strain, $\epsilon$, a spin-flip energy, $\Delta E$, where
$\Delta E$ = [$E_{\rm tot}$(AFM) - $E_{\rm tot}$(FM)].
The spin-flip energy as a function
of equibiaxial and tensile strain is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:de_flip}.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{./flip_all}\caption{Spin-flip energy, $\Delta E$, per V atom
as a function of compressive and tensile (a) biaxial strain along the
monoclinic $ab$ ($\square$), $bc$ ($\circ$), $ac$ ($\ast$) axes and (b) uniaxial strain
along the monoclinic $a$ ($\bigtriangleup$), $b$ ($\triangledown$) and $c$ ($\Diamond$) axes.
Note, strain is defined with respect to the equilibrium lattice constants of the FM structure.}
\label{fig:de_flip}
\end{figure}

We first consider the change in spin-flip energy for the structures subject to equibiaxial strain.
Under compressive strain along the $ab$ and $bc$ axes,
$\Delta E$ decreases with respect to the equilibrium spin-flip energy by up to 75$\%$ at the largest
value of $\epsilon$ of 1$\%$.
Tensile strain along these axes leads to a modest increase in the
spin-flip energy for strain along $ab$ and a modest reduction in $\Delta E$ for $\epsilon$ greater
than 0.5$\%$ along $bc$.
In contrast, we find $\Delta E$ is insensitive to compressive and tensile equibiaxial strain along the monoclinic $ac$ axes.

When V$_2$O$_3$ is subject to uniaxial strain, we find the change in $\Delta E$ to be modest
in comparison to the change in $\Delta E$ under biaxial strain.  In particular, when the monoclinic
$a$, $b$ or $c$ axes are under compressive strain, we find they all lead to
a slight decrease in $\Delta E$.  Under tensile uniaxial strain, $\Delta E$ decreases for strain along the $a$
and $c$ axes and increases for tensile strain along the $b$ axis.

\section{Discussion}
At this point it is instructive to examine the primary contributions to the change in $\Delta E$
under compressive and tensile strain.  We decompose this change in $\Delta E$ into two contributions,
an elastic energy, $\Delta E^{\rm el}$, and a magnetic energy, $\Delta E^{\rm mag}$, such that
$\Delta E = \Delta E^{\rm el} + \Delta E^{\rm mag}$.
The elastic energy, $\Delta E^{\rm el}$, is the change in energy due to the change in the lattice
parameters and the atomic positions to transition from the geometry associated with the FM to the
AFM configuration at a fixed magnetic configuration.
We define $\Delta E^{\rm el}$ as ($E^{[\epsilon,\rm FM]}_{\rm tot}$(AFM) - $E^{[\epsilon,\rm AFM]}_{\rm tot}$(AFM))
where $E^{[\epsilon,\rm FM]}_{\rm tot}$(AFM) is the total energy of the structure with
the atomic coordinates and lattice parameters of V$_2$O$_3$ in the
strained FM configuration with AFM order imposed
and $E^{[\epsilon,\rm AFM]}_{\rm tot}$(AFM) is the total energy of the structure with
the atomic coordinates and the lattice parameters in the strained AFM configuration and AFM order imposed.
The magnetic energy, $\Delta E^{\rm mag}$, is the change in energy associated with
flipping spins from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic at a fixed set of atomic coordinates and lattice parameters.
We define $\Delta E^{\rm mag}$ as ($E^{[\epsilon,\rm AFM]}_{\rm tot}(\rm AFM) - {\it E}^{[\epsilon,\rm AFM]}_{\rm tot}(\rm FM)$)
where $E^{[\epsilon,\rm AFM]}_{\rm tot}(\rm AFM)$ is the total energy of the structure with the atomic coordinates
and lattice parameters of the strained AFM configuration with AFM order imposed and
${\it E}^{[\epsilon,\rm AFM]}_{\rm tot}(\rm FM)$ is the total energy of the structure with the atomic coordinates
and lattice parameters of the strained AFM configuration with FM order imposed.
For all values of biaxial and uniaxial strain, $\Delta E^{\rm el}$ only changes by up to 0.5 meV per vanadium atom.
Note, $\Delta E$ changes by up to $\sim$4 meV per vanadium atom in comparison to unstrained V$_2$O$_3$ (Fig.~\ref{fig:de_flip}).
Hence, the remaining energy difference between $\Delta E$ and $\Delta E^{\rm el}$ is the change in the
magnetic energy, $\Delta E^{\rm mag}$, as a function of strain.

Based on Fig.~\ref{fig:de_flip} it is evident that $\Delta E$ is more sensitive to compressive strain in V$_2$O$_3$.
To explain this sensitivity to compressive strain, we examine the bond lengths of
V$_2$O$_3$ in the AFM configuration.  In the AFM configuration, the V atoms are ferromagnetically coordinated along the $a$
and $c$ axes and antiferromagnetically coordinated along the $b$ axis.  Previous first-principles calculations of the unstrained
V$_2$O$_3$ lattice \cite{leiner2019frustrated} have demonstrated that the V atoms along the
monoclinic $b$ axis have the largest exchange coupling constants compared to
the next nearest neighbor V-V exchange coupling constants along the other axes of the monoclinic structure.
Within a nearest
neighbor Heisenberg model, the N\'eel temperature of the HT paramagnetic to the LT AFM phase transition would be
determined primarily by the exchange coupling constants of these antiferromagnetically aligned V atoms.
We denote these V-V bonds along the monoclinic $b$ axis as $\beta_1$ and $\beta_2$ (Fig.~\ref{fig:uc}), where the
bond length of $\beta_1$ ($d_{\beta_1}$) is lower than the bond length of $\beta_2$ ($d_{\beta_2}$).
Leiner {\it et al.} \cite{leiner2019frustrated} have shown the exchange coupling constant of
$\beta_1$ is twice larger than $\beta_2$.

Through our first-principles calculations we find that $d_{\beta_{1}}$
changes non-monotonically as a function of compressive and tensile strain.
These results are illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:vbond}(a) and (b).
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{./beta1}\caption{Change in the bond length, $d_{\beta_{1}}$,
(cf. $\beta_{1}$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:uc}) as a function of compressive and tensile
(a) biaxial strain along the
monoclinic $ab$ ($\square$), $bc$ ($\circ$), $ac$ ($\ast$) axes and (b) uniaxial strain
along the monoclinic $a$ ($\bigtriangleup$), $b$ ($\triangledown$) and $c$ ($\Diamond$) axes.
Note, strain is defined with respect to the equilibrium lattice constants of the FM structure.
(c)  Spin-flip energy versus change in the $d_{\beta_{1}}$ bond length for the different directions
of compressive and tensile strain imparted on the monoclinic axes.  The $d_{\beta_{1}}$ bond length of
unstrained AFM V$_2$O$_3$ ($d^{0}_{\beta_{1}}$=2.996 \AA) is shown with a dotted black line.}
\label{fig:vbond}
\end{figure}
Figure \ref{fig:vbond}(c) illustrates
the dependence of $\Delta E$ on $d_{\beta_{1}}$ for the different directions of strain
we consider in our study.  When $d_{\beta_{1}}$ decreases with respect to $d_{\beta_{1}}$ of the unstrained
AFM monoclinic structure, we find $\Delta E$ decreases, while an
increase in $d_{\beta_{1}}$ corresponds to an increase in $\Delta E$.
Since the primary contribution to the change in $\Delta E$ is the magnetic energy,
this dependence of $\Delta E$ on $d_{\beta_{1}}$ can be understood as follows.
A reduction in the $d_{\beta_1}$ bond length is expected to lead to an increase in the hopping energy, $t$,
between the $\beta_1$ pair of vanadium atoms (Fig.~\ref{fig:uc}),
which in turn would lead to an increase in the exchange coupling constant, $J_{\beta_{1}}$, where $J_{\beta_{1}} \propto -t^{2}/U$
and $U$ is the on-site Coulomb repulsion.  Conversely, we expect an increase in $d_{\beta_{1}}$ to
lead to a reduction in $J_{\beta_{1}}$ compared to unstrained V$_2$O$_3$.
This dependence of $\Delta E$ on $d_{\beta_{1}}$ also explains why equibiaxial compressive
and tensile strain along the
monoclinic $ac$ axes does not lead to a change in $\Delta E$.
We find the biaxial strain that is imparted on the $ac$ axes
is accommodated by changes in $d_{\beta_{2}}$ while $d_{\beta_{1}}$ remains unchanged for all values of strain that we
investigate (Fig.~\ref{fig:vbond}(a)).

Hence, our calculations suggest that the MIT T$_c$ is sensitive to changes in
the bond length, $d_{\beta_{1}}$.
In particular, we suggest
compressive strain along the monoclinic
$bc$, $ab$, $a$, $b$ and $c$ axes and tensile strain along the monoclinic $bc$, $a$ and $c$ axes
will increase T$_c$ compared to unstrained V$_2$O$_3$.
We note that this is consistent with the increase in the MIT T$_c$ that has been measured in
V$_2$O$_3$ thin films grown on Al$_2$O$_3$ substrates where V$_2$O$_3$ is under compressive
strain \cite{thorsteinsson2018tuning,brockman2012substrate,kalcheim2019robust,schuler1997influence}.

\section{Summary and Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}
In summary, we examined the role of equibiaxial and uniaxial compressive and tensile
strain on the electronic, structural and
magnetic properties of V$_2$O$_3$.

The metal-insulator transition in V$_2$O$_3$ was recently re-interpreted as being
a strong first-order transition between the
high-temperature corundum structure, which is a highly-frustrated paramagnet and the low-temperature
monoclinic structure that is strongly antiferromagnetic \cite{leiner2019frustrated}.  The leading contribution to the strong
antiferromagnetic coupling in the low-temperature monoclinic phase is the shortest of the pair
of V-V bonds that are antiferromagnetically aligned ($\beta_1$) along the monoclinic $b$ axis.
As a result, shifts in the energy difference between the high-temperature metallic phase and the low-temperature
insulating phase are sensitive to changes in the bond length of $\beta_1$ of the LT AFM monoclinic phase.
Our calculations confirm this interpretation and demonstrate that changes in the bond length of
$\beta_1$ due to strain can lead to changes in this energy difference.
In particular, we find that a suppression of this energy difference which would translate to a
reduction in the MIT T$_c$ coincides with an elongation of the bond length of $\beta_1$
while an increase of this energy difference coincides with a compression of the $\beta_1$ bond length.

Based on our calculations we can draw the following conclusions on the
role of strain on the metal-insulator transition temperature of V$_2$O$_3$.
Under compressive strain
along the monoclinic $bc$, $ab$, $b$, $a$ and $c$ axes, the energy to transition to the
low-temperature insulating antiferromagnetic phases
increases by up to 75$\%$ for compressive strains up to 1$\%$.  Tensile strain along
the monoclinic $a$ and $c$ axes lead to modest increases in the energy to transition
to the insulating antiferromagnetic phase.  Hence, strain along these directions and axes
will likely lead to an increase in T$_c$ compared to unstrained V$_2$O$_3$.
Tensile strain along the $ab$ and $b$ axes lowers the energy to transition
to the insulating phase by up to 10$\%$ compared to unstrained
V$_2$O$_3$ for the largest strain we consider of 1$\%$; which would be reflected in a reduction
in T$_c$ compared to unstrained V$_2$O$_3$.
In contrast, compressive and tensile strain along the monoclinic $ac$ axes does not lead
to any change in the energy to transition between the insulating and metallic phase.

\acknowledgements
We thank Ivan Schuller for helpful discussions and for
encouraging us to undertake this work within the framework
of the LUCI collaboration and Ivan Schuller's Vannevar Bush
Faculty Fellowship program. D.W. acknowledges support
from the National Research Council fellowship at the U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory. The work of N.B. and I.I.M.
was supported by the Laboratory-University Collaboration
Initiative (LUCI)
of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense
for Research $\&$ Engineering Basic Research Office.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


For several years, the Medicare appeals process has been seriously broken. A backlog of 426,000 appeals has so clogged the system that it now takes three to four years for a healthcare provider, whom the government asserts it has overpaid, to have his or her appeal heard by an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). During the delay, the government could take collection action to recoup overpayments from providers, which often results in severe financial hardship to them and sometimes even bankruptcy.
ALJ appeals are the third (and usually final) level of appeal for most healthcare providers who are appealing a Medicare overpayment. Because providers are usually unsuccessful at the first two levels of the Medicare appeals process, the ALJ level is very important as it is the only level in which the provider is given a hearing, can present witnesses and have the case decided by an attorney judge not affiliated with Medicare. Providers are usually wholly or partially successful about 70 to75 percent of the time at the ALJ level – another reason for its importance, and why the three-to-four-year delay has been so discouraging. Unfortunately, the court's ruling does not prevent Medicare from continuing collection action against a healthcare provider while waiting for the ALJ hearing.
Though providers will still have to endure delays for the next few years, the new Court ruling is a light at the end of the tunnel.


California umbrella 11 ft rectangular aluminum market. 11 ft sunbrella pulley patio umbrella with bronze pole. Thos baker 11 ft cantilever umbrella. California umbrella cali series 11 foot octagon cantilever. 7 foot wooden market umbrellas $4995. 11 foot patio umbrella patios : home decorating ideas #. 11 foot rectangular aluminum solar patio umbrella bed.
How to opt your outdoor living space with best patio. California umbrella octagonal 11 ft aluminum patio. Outdoor coffee table with umbrella hole design roy home. Used patio furniture for sale greenville sc patios. Hampton bay 9 ft steel crank and tilt patio umbrella in. Open sided wooden garden shelter, gazebo, hot tub timber. Front porch concrete floor ideas. Woodard briarwood wrought iron dining set gblds. Http://wwwdeckmastersnwcom/project galleries/patiocovers. Garden oasis 5 piece patio bar set: have fun hosting with. Diy outdoor tv cabinet plans 332ndforg.
Better homes and gardens outdoor patio furniture cushions. Lawn chair easy to follow tutorial on how to paint a. Outdoor furniture better homes and gardens patio cushions. Vinyl strapping patio furniture thisisweavercom. Lawn chair webbing fresh vinyl sofa best lawn chair vinyl. Better homes outdoor cushions ridge bistro set replacement cushions beige better homes and. The super nice better homes and gardens patio furniture cushions image patio cushion.


text:
Q: Setting AL_GAIN to 0 works on iPhone6, not iPad PRO? To silence my game when returning to the menu, I call this code:
alListenerf( AL_GAIN, gain );

This works just fine on Linux: the game goes silent.
When I run on iPad PRO, the sounds are still played, and volume is not affected at all.
Is AL_GAIN optionally implemented in the spec or something?
Using OpenAL device 'Default Audio Device'
Using ALUT 1.1
AL_VENDOR Apple Inc.
AL_RENDERER Software
AL_VERSION 1.1

This is on the latest iPad PRO model, by the way.
Whoa! the plot thickens... setting gain on iPhone6 works, on iPad PRO it does not. The same binary.
It is probably an iOS version thing. The iPad is on iOS 11.4 and the phone is on iOS 10.3.3

A: in linux and other platforms setting the volume to 0 works but for the ios13 bug as in the iPad pro change the volume to 0.001f and it should bypass Apple's bug.


Tnpsc General English Study Materials Pdf Model Questions With Answer Key. Many other reprints of these three main editions have been published. Please note that the format length of some of the practice exercises in the pdf file may not comply with the FCE exam specifications.
English grammar with answer key pdf. To take the test you will need to download and print this file. Teach Kids to Read with Phonics - Materials for Teaching Phonics : is a multi- level English program for children between the ages of 4 to 12 featuring tons of cartoon animated videos grammar, games, spelling , review vocabulary, tests , worksheets to teach communicative skills. It is part of a social semiotic approach to language called systemic functional KPSC KAS Prelims Answer Key. Download PDF UPPCS question paper & answer sheet by top UPSC experts. All five Focus on Grammar InteractiveCD- ROMs follow the same scope and sequence as the Focus on Grammarbooks.
English Grammar Exercises Online literary term, Interactive grammar exercises for ESL e this MASSIVE bundle of my popular bell ringers/ warm- ups/ mini- lessons to teach the Common Core- aligned grammar vocabulary skills your high. English Exercises - Online Interactive Exercises for All. All five Focus on Grammar InteractiveCD- ROMs follow the same scope sequence as the Focus on view of its unique perspective , examples, its trenchant , its easily grasped , especially at the elementary level, its distinctively revealing diagrams , easily remembered rules, it is hard to imagine a teaching situation, approach, effective explanations of grammatical points, to which Adorni Primorac s English Grammar for Students of Italian would not make an invaluable. English grammar with answer key pdf. Download KPSC KAS Prelims Answer Key.
Please see the online version of this article for supplementary materials. The Printed English Practice Test * is a PDF file with 20 sample questions. The Online Writing Lab ( OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources instructional material we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue.
English grammar with answer key pdf. Aims to help students memorize common grammar structures from the exam.
Focus on Grammar Interactive†" a new five- level CD- ROM program that can be used with Focus on Grammar Third Edition as a standalone product. With a fresh new four- color design Third Edition, Focus on Grammar, activities . About the Third Edition. Grammar worksheets for use in teaching by EFL ESL ELT & GSE teachers.
English Grammar for Students of Italian: The Study Guide for Those Learning Italian, 3rd edition ( O& H Study Guides) 3rd Edition. Animated English Lessons Fun Games for Kids Worksheets & Songs For English Teachers We offer printable grammar exercises to make the lives of English teachers very easy. The Purdue Online Writing Lab Welcome to the Purdue OWL. It is part of a social semiotic approach to language called systemic functional these two terms systemic refers to the view of language as " a network of systems interrelated sets of options for making meaning" ; functional refers to Halliday' s view that language is as it is.
UPPSC PCS Pre Answer Key - Paper 1 & 2 & Cut Off for UPPSC Prelims Exam. AQA Education ( AQA) is a registered charity ( numberand a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales ( number.
Azar Betty, Hagen Stacy 3rd. Systemic functional grammar ( SFG) is a form of grammatical description originated by Michael Halliday. A Layered Grammar of Graphics Hadley WICKHAM A grammar of graphics is a tool that enables.
2nd Grade English Language Arts Georgia Standards of Excellence ( ELAGSE) Georgia Department of Education April 15, • Page 1 of 6. These exercises are intended as extra grammar and vocabulary practice only. These exercises are intended as extra grammar.
Active Voice future tense , Passive Voice Exercises of present, past, Passive Voice Exercises with Answer ( PDF) : This post has Active Voice modals. An answer key is provided to monitor the results.
Many free ESL, English grammar exercises for online use. English Grammar for Students of German: The Study Guide for Those Learning German 6th edition ( O& H Study Guides) ( English German Edition) ( German) 6th Edition.
Basic English Grammar. We offer free resources including Writing Style Guides, Job Search , Mechanics, ESL ( English as a Second Language), Grammar , Teaching Writing, Research Professional Writing. To request examination copies of this new edition to which Adorni , its easily grasped , its trenchant , effective explanations of grammatical points, click view of its unique perspective , approach, especially at the elementary level, it is hard to imagine a teaching situation, its distinctively revealing diagrams , examples, easily remembered rules Primorac s English Grammar for Students of Italian would not make an invaluable. Download a free version of Adobe Reader. READING LITERARY ( RL) READING INFORMATIONAL ( RI). Basic English Grammar by Betty Azar Third Edition is a developmental skills text for students of English as a second foreign language.
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR, THIRD EDITION. KPSC Prelims Answer Key & KPSC Cut Off prepared by top IAS Institutes for KPSC Prelims Exam.
* Adobe Reader is needed to view these files. Is more practical and accessible than ever!
Welcome to, part of the family of websites. Think of us as your one- stop source for English grammar and vocabulary worksheets. English Grammar in Use Fourth Edition is the world' s best- selling self- study grammar book for learners of English, written by Raymond Murphy.
It has a fresh, appealing new design and clear layout, with revised and updated examples, but retains all the key features of clarity and accessibility that have made the book popular with millions of learners and teachers around the ee ESL quizzes, Interactive English Grammar Exercises, interactive tests, games and quizzes, free online grammar studies, learning and teaching of english grammar.
CBSE 12th English Question Paper ~ pdf! Sample/ Model Paper. Central Board of Secondary Education New Delhi board examination for class 12th ( intermediate and higher secondary class).
The earliest edition as seen on Google books was released in 1985. This release contained 379 pages and had an ISBN of.
A well- known edition of the book is the second edition, which was released in 1991 and had an ISBN of. Most recently the fourth edition was released.


text:
Israel warned against Jerusalem 'provocation'
15 September 2015 • International, News	• No Comments
Jordan's king warned Israel on Monday that any further "provocation" in Jerusalem where Israeli police have clashed with Muslims at Al-Aqsa Mosque would damage ties between the two countries.
"Any more provocation in Jerusalem will affect the relationship between Jordan and Israel" which have a 1994 peace accord, said King Abdullah II following a second day of clashes at the flashpoint holy site in annexed east Jerusalem.
"Jordan will not have a choice but to take actions, unfortunately," he told journalists in English after talks with visiting British Prime Minister David Cameron.
The kingdom has custodian rights over the Al-Aqsa mosque compound.
On Sunday, The Ministerial councils of the Arab League also warned Israel against possible reprecussions for its actions in Jerusalem concerning the Al Aqsa Mosque compound, according to a statement released by the league.
The council, during its 144 session, said the Arab League considers the most recent clashes at the Al-Aqsa compound, and Israel's "attempt to divide" the holy site, a provocation against the Arab states.
The council reiterated that the Palestinian issue is the central issue to Arab Nations, and that they categorically reject to recognize Israeli as a Jewish state.
Muslims and Israeli police clashed for a second day Monday as Jews celebrated their new year and protesters vowed to protect Islam's third-holiest site.
As on Sunday, Israeli security forces entered the compound to prevent Muslim youths from "harassing visiting Jews," Israeli police said.
Muslims have barricaded themselves inside Al-Aqsa amid protests over access to the site, venerated by Jews as the Temple Mount.
Israel seized east Jerusalem, taking it over from Jordanian administration, in the 1967 Middle East war and later annexed it in a move never recognised by the international community. MAANNEWS
Aftermath of the Tonga eruption, tsunami
Concerns raised over safety of whistleblowers


NRSC Director of Communications and PR Lilit Galstyan took part in "Social Risks Management" international conference organized by European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in June, 2018. During the four days EBRD all milestones in the management of social risks were presented. It was mentioned that as a company with high social responsibility the Bank strictly follows all the regulations at the same time encouraging its partners to act the same way. Besides, the Bank experts presented the directions of activities, which might be challenging and with possible risks. For any case the Bank assumes possible and clear mechanisms and methods, which were also presented.
Through lectures and workshops the conference participants got acquainted with EBRD social risk management assessment criteria as well. The key message was that in any country where EBRD is presented there should not be social conflicts and complaints and that it is possible to reach such a situation through right management.


text:
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>

#include <d3d11.h>
//#include <d3dx11.h>
//#include <d3dx10.h>

//#include "oakvr/Engine.h"

#include "DirectX11DebugTextRenderer.h"
#include "DirectX11Shader.h"
#include "DirectX11Renderer.h"
#include "Renderer/DirectX/DirectXUtils.h"

//#include "Renderer/Renderer/Font.h"
#include "Renderer/Renderer/VertexBuffer.h"
#include "Renderer/Renderer/Texture.h"

#include "Math/Matrix.h"
#include "Math/Vector3.h"

namespace oakvr
{
	namespace render
	{
		// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
		DirectX11DebugTextRenderer::DirectX11DebugTextRenderer()
		: m_pFont(nullptr)
		, m_pVertexShader(nullptr)
		, m_pPixelShader(nullptr)
		{
		}

		// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
		DirectX11DebugTextRenderer::~DirectX11DebugTextRenderer()
		{
//			if(m_pFont)
//				delete m_pFont;
			if(m_pPixelShader)
			{
//				oakvr::Engine::GetResourceManager()->ReleaseResource(m_pPixelShader);
				m_pPixelShader = nullptr;
			}
			if(m_pVertexShader)
			{
//				oakvr::Engine::GetResourceManager()->ReleaseResource(m_pVertexShader);
				m_pVertexShader = nullptr;
			}
		}

		// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
		void DirectX11DebugTextRenderer::Init()
		{
/*			m_pFont = new Font();
			m_pFont->Initialize("../resources/font/DebugFont.index", "../resources/font/DebugFont.dds");

			DirectX11Shader::ShaderAdditionalInitParams params;
			params.shaderType = eST_VertexShader;
			m_pVertexShader = oakvr::Engine::GetResourceManager()->GetResource<DirectX11Shader>( "../resources/shaders/hlsl_4_0/DebugFontVS.hlsl", &params);
			params.shaderType = eST_PixelShader;
			m_pPixelShader = oakvr::Engine::GetResourceManager()->GetResource<DirectX11Shader>( "../resources/shaders/hlsl_4_0/DebugFontPS.hlsl", &params);
*/
		}

		// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
		void DirectX11DebugTextRenderer::OutputText(const std::string &text, uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
		{
/*			if(!m_pFont->GetTexture()->IsReady() || !m_pVertexShader->IsReady() || !m_pPixelShader->IsReady())
			{
				printf("Font is not yet initialised!");
				return;
			}

			Font::TextVertex *pVertices;
			uint32_t numVertices = 0;
			m_pFont->BuildVertexArray(text, (float)x, (float)y, pVertices, numVertices);

			// create vertex buffer
			VertexBuffer vb;

			uint32_t vf = VertexBuffer::eVF_XYZ | VertexBuffer::eVF_Tex0;
			vb.Create(numVertices, vf);

			void *pData;
			vb.Lock(&pData);
			memcpy( pData, pVertices, sizeof(Font::TextVertex) * numVertices);
			vb.Unlock();

			DirectX11Renderer *ge = (DirectX11Renderer *)Engine::GetInstance()->GetRenderer();

			ge->UseVertexBuffer( &vb );
			ge->UseShader( m_pVertexShader );
			ge->UseShader( m_pPixelShader );
			ge->UseTexture(m_pFont->GetTexture());
			ge->UsePrimitiveTopology( ePT_TriangleList );

			ge->DisableDepthBuffer();
			ge->DrawPrimitives(numVertices / 3);
			ge->EnableDepthBuffer();
			vb.Release();
*/
		}

	} // namespace render
} // namespace oakvr

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


For information on Tamworth and the surrounding area, please contact Tamworth Tourist Information Centre, where our friendly staff can assist you with their local knowledge and resources.
We also have a gift shop where you can purchase a wide range of gifts and souvenirs and are the box office for many local events.
For groups and coach parking please see the Tours and Sightseeing page.
Address: Marmion House, Lichfield Street, Tamworth, Staffordshire, B79 7BZ.
SMS text messaging: start message with TBCTIC followed by your enquiry to 88020.
In addition, they will be open from 8am - 5pm all week during the Staffordshire School Summer holidays.
There are also toilet facilities within Ankerside Shopping Centre (next to the Castle Grounds) during their normal trading hours. They are located on the shopping centre next to the parking pay machines on exit to the car park on level 5, opposite Shopmobility.
There are no external public toilets but most of the stores on the parks have public toilets available within the stores.
All toilets have baby changing facilities.
Changing places are currently available at Drayton Manor and Kingsbury Waterpark, please check the Changing Places website for more information.
View the latest Visitor Guide by clicking on the image above.


The Department for Culture Media and Sport has successfully resisted a claim for over £400million in Francovich damages over the compatibility with EU telecommunications directives of its decision to maintain in force a commercial use restriction for GSM Gateways.
The High Court held that DCMS was justified in relying on public security concerns in imposing and maintaining the restriction for multi-user gateways.
On an alternative case relating to single-user gateways, the Court found that the restriction was disproportionate but found that that infringement did not constitute a manifest and grave disregard of the UK's obligations under EU law such as to justify Francovich damages.
Philip Moser QC and Brendan McGurk acted for DCMS.
Dan Beard QC acted for the Home Office, intervening.
Ligia Osepciu wrote the following case note on Recall Support Services Limited et al v Secretary of State for Culture Media and Sport.


text:
Chester Cathedral welcomes large-scale paper sculpture installation for Easter
Sculpture is first of its kind in the city
Chester Chronicle
Updated 17:08, 6 APR 2017
A large-scale work of art made entirely from paper will take up residence in Chester Cathedral this Easter
A large-scale work of art made entirely from paper will go on display at Chester Cathedral this Easter.
The sculptural installation by Yorkshire artist Richard Sweeney will be suspended from the cathedral ceiling in a unique composition. The piece - named Metamorphosis - is made from several metres of delicate, white, hand-pleated paper and will appear weightless.
Richard Sweeney creates sculptures inspired by the organic structures and growth patterns in nature. He seeks to maintain an experimental, hands-on approach, utilising the unique properties of mundane materials to discover unique forms. He works predominantly with paper.
Richard was born in Huddersfield in 1984. He discovered a natural talent for sculpture at Batley School of Art and Design in 2002, which led him to the study of Three Dimensional Design at the Manchester Metropolitan University.
In recent years, Richard has worked on public sculpture commissions from all around the world. He produced an Angel figure for a department store in Milan complete with a wing comprised of twenty metres of pleated cartridge paper. In 2012, he produced a set of Olympic Horses for the Nave of Lincoln Cathedral.
Richard said: "Working within the space at Chester Cathedral has allowed me to produce one of the largest paper installation pieces to date. Each installation work responds to the space in which it is situated- the unique layout of the architecture dictating how the piece is composed; transformed from a flat sheet of paper to a dynamic and fluid volume through tension and gravity."
Things to do with the kids during the Easter holiday in and around Chester
Vice dean of Chester Cathedral Canon Jane Brooke said: "We are delighted to see Richard Sweeney's work in the cathedral this Easter and think people will very much enjoy viewing it.
"The Metamorphosis piece is truly majestic – especially against the backdrop of our South Transept - and its simplicity and delicacy demands a contemplative response. The smaller pieces are also fascinating – so intricate."


Gardaí involved in the Matthew Horan investigation have issued a strong warning to parents and children about dangers that can face them on the internet.
Speaking to the media outside the Criminal Courts of Justice in Dublin, Det Supt Declan Daly of the Garda National Protective Services Bureau said, "Today serves as a timely reminder of the potential dangers that can occur on the internet.
Flanked by colleague Det Garda David Connolly, and Det Sgt Maeve O'Sullivan of the Clondalkin Division of the Protective Services Unit, he repeated what he described as "the Garda's key message on internet safety for children".
If images were shared or if an approach is made on the internet to children, gardaí recommended, "Firstly, what they should do is not share any more images. They should stop all communication. They should tell a parent or an appropriate adult. They should preserve the evidence and not delete anything, and they should report the matter to An Garda Síochána, " he said.
He commended all gardaí involved in the investigation, "in particular the gardaí attached to Clondalkin Detective Service Units, for their good and diligent work on this difficult case.
"I would also like to thank the victims and their families in this case and in other cases who have taken the brave step forward and given us valuable assistance, because without their assistance it certainly would be very, very difficult to get such results as we've had today," he said.


From 811 Sq. Ft. To 1507 Sq. Ft.
400 Wellington West offers a living environment that is both aesthetic as well as pragmatic, while representing the King West neighborhoods charm. The suites feature: 9ft ceilings, balconies and terraces, engineered laminate flooring, designer kitchen with ceramic tile backsplash, granite countertops and stainless steel appliances, as well as elegant bathroom that includes designer sink and faucets. Conveniently located with walking distance to the theatre and entertainment district, waterfront, as well as everything else this historic neighborhood has to offer.


text:
Powell Peralta Lance Mountain Bones Brigade Reissue Deck - 10.0
View All Powell Peralta
View All Skateboards
Founded in 1978 in America, Powell Peralta rocketed into the spotlight in the 80's when skateboarding started maturing as a sport. The company featured 'The Bones Brigade', a skate team composed of the era's top skaters. Fast forward to the present day and Powell Peralta continues to produce quality clothing and accessories.
Powell Peralta have released some of the most iconic decks of all time with pro models from Mike McGill, Lance Mountain, Steve Caballero,Tommy Guerrero & Rodney Mullen. These decks were all features in one of the most iconic skate videos ever 'The Search For Animal Chin'. All of the decks from the pro skaters all feature in the video and the reissue keep to all the original artwork and shape.
This particular model is a throwback to the legendary Lance Mountain's original 1980's deck. It is constructed from 7 ply USA hard rock maple construction and features the signature Bones Brigade logo on the top of the deck with the original Lance Mountain artwork on the bottom of the deck.
- 7 Ply USA Hard Rock Maple
- Original Shape & Design From The 1980's
- Lance Mountain Pro Model


text:
Q: Socket.io client reconnects when an error is thrown in a listener function (without displaying the error!) When I throw an error in a listener function;
socket = require('socket.io-client').connect 'http://localhost:8080'

socket.on 'an-event', ->
    throw new Error 'An error has occured'  # this is never shown!
    console.log 'hello?'                    # this is never logged!
    process.exit 1                          # this is never called!

the socket reconnects, and the error is never shown. Instead, the engine.io Tranport class throws a "parser decode error".
This way I cannot develop/debug the logic inside a listener function. Is there a solution/workaround for this?