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Top 20 PedalBoard Power Supplies 2023 (Best Rated)
By Sultan Zafar / Effect Pedals, Recommended Gear
Today we're talking about the best pedal board power supplies. Rather than using a power extension board to connect all your pedals with individual power adapters and finding yourself tangled in a web of wires, you can easily prevent the clutter by opting for a pedal board power supply.
An effects pedal is an extremely important part of a guitar player's life. With technology advancing at a breakneck pace, now and then, you come across a very uniquely executed pedal that gets you ever so close to that sound you've been after. Overdrives, distortions, octavers, flangers, compressors, reverbs, delays, the sky is the limit, and we guitarists want them all.
A large collection of pedals means you need substantial power to run them. Depending on the number of pedals on your precious pedalboard, you'll need a decent power supply with enough outputs to power each device with room for expansion in the future. Surely, you'll need a power supply that does all this safely and possesses isolated outputs to eliminate the possibility of unwanted ground noise and line interference.
Our post today covers all the bases and talks about 20 different power supplies from brands like Friedman, Fender, Eventide, ENGL, Strymon, Mooer, Harley Benton, Truetone, Walrus, Cioks, T-Rex, Joyo, Palmer, Voodoo Lab, MXR, Rockboard, Artec, Falken, and Gator.
1 Do pedals come with power supply?
2 Do pedals need a power supply?
3 Top 20 PedalBoard Power Supplies 2023 (Best Rated)
3.1 1. Friedman Power Grid 10
3.2 2. Fender Engine Room LVL5 Power Supply
3.3 3. Eventide PowerMAX V2
3.4 4. Engl Power Tap
3.5 5. Strymon Zuma
3.6 6. Mooer Macro Power S8
3.7 7. Harley Benton PowerPlant ISO-2 Pro
3.8 8. Truetone 1 SPOT PRO
3.9 9. Walrus Audio Aetos
3.10 10. Cioks DC7
3.11 11. T-Rex Fuel Tank Chameleon
3.12 12. Joyo JP-05 Power Bank Supply 5
3.13 13. Strymon Ojai 5 Power Supply
3.14 14. Palmer PWT 08
3.15 15. Voodoo Lab Pedal Power 2 Plus
3.16 16. MXR DC Brick M 237
3.17 17. Rockboard ISO Power Block V16
3.18 18. Artec Power Brick
3.19 19. Falken 1 Mega Power Bank
3.20 20. Gator G-BUS-8 Multi Power Supply
5 Readings that you may also like:
Do pedals come with power supply?
Unfortunately, effects pedals do not come with their own power supply. Generally, most pedals run on 9V, so any generic power adapter with a negative polarity will do the job. However, some pedals may require a much higher voltage to run, so you'll need a 12V or 18V adapter, depending on the requirements mentioned on the back of the pedal.
Do pedals need a power supply?
The pedals on your pedal board will need power to run. Since most pedals have similar voltage requirements, it's much easier to get a power supply that can power all your pedals simultaneously. Most power supplies also come with a wide range of power cables, so everything is ready to go right out of the box.
1. Friedman Power Grid 10
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Check on Sweetwater
With 25 years of modifying and repairing amps and accessories, Dave Friedman is the brains behind the Friedman Power Grid 10.
Dave has an impressive portfolio and has worked closely with guitar virtuosos like the late great Eddie Van Halen and Steve Stevens, helping them achieve their signature sound. However, what sets him apart is his undying thirst to provide touring musicians with high-quality products and instruments that stand the test of time.
Combining immense research capabilities with creativity and innovative prowess, Dave has delivered some of the best amplification solutions, instruments, pedals, and accessories for the live musician of today under the "Friedman" name. The Power Grid 10 is a no-fuss, easy-to-use, state-of-the-art product that will bring your pedal boards to life.
This diminutive product measuring 1.75″ by 6.75″ by 4.5″ inches and weighing 1.5 lbs, is the ideal unit to power the effects units on your pedalboard. On the front panel, you'll find ten evenly spaced 9V power output jacks, each of which offers 350mA of power for your pedals. The back includes a three-pin port for the cable that powers the unit. What's great about the Power Grid 10 is that the built-in circuitry can function anywhere in the world and accommodate 100 – 240 volts without needing a bulky power brick/adapter.
A unique feature of the Power Grid 10 is that while most electric devices create interference when placed in the vicinity of effects units, Dave Friedman has designed this product in a way that this problem is eliminated. You can put the power unit on top of your pedal board and place some of your pedals on it to act as a raiser, and there'll still be no interference or hum. Furthermore, 90% percent of all guitar pedals can usually be powered with 9V. However, if there's a pedal in your arsenal that take more than 9V to run, there's no need to worry, as two of the outputs on the Power Grid 10 can generate 18V of power.
Extra Goodies
If you're wondering where to get enough power cables with an adequate length to connect your pedals to the Power Grid 10, you just need to dig a little deep into the box. The package includes 10 20-inch power cables, 2 reversed polarity cables, and an 18V power cable to fulfill the need for the more power-hungry effects pedal.
The unit comes with a pair of screw holes on top, which line up perfectly with the Tour Pro series 1520, 1525, and 1530 boards from the Friedman line. The Power Grid 10 is also compatible with most nonproprietary pedalboards and gets nicely concealed underneath due to its small size.
Friedman Power Grid 10 - Official Demo
The unit's ability to work anywhere in the world makes it a popular choice for touring musicians. Ideally suited for Friedman pedalboards, the Power Grid 10 is equally suited for generic boards and can power 10 effects pedals simultaneously with ease. What's more, you'll even be able to power a couple of 18V pedals through the device.
When split cables are used for additional power pedals, the voltage seems to drop, which makes the pedals malfunction. While having ten power outputs at your disposal gives you more room to grow in the future, if it is not the need of the hour, you could choose a more economical unit for your smaller setup.
2. Fender Engine Room LVL5 Power Supply
The "Fender' name is highly respected when discussing musical instruments and accessories.
To name a few, the Fender Stratocaster and Telecaster models have an instant recall among musicians worldwide, and when you know that a brand is backed by the likes of Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, David Gilmour and many more, you know that it delivers the goods in terms of quality and sound. However, the brand is not just limited to instruments.
Fender's amplifiers are some of the most versatile products of their kind. Being a proud owner of the multi-tasking Fender Mustang amp and a Fender Strat myself, I can tell you that I'm blown away by what they have to offer. Not only that, but the brand also offers a wide array of effects pedals and other related accessories like pedalboards and power supplies which is where the Fender Engine comes in.
The great thing about this Fender power unit is that, like the Friedman Power Grid, it doesn't matter what voltage is available. The device can be powered with anything from 100V – 240V, so you can take it along wherever you travel. You can power 5 effects pedals through the LVL5 power supply, but that's not all. If you have the relevant splitter cables, you can split each output into two and connect a couple of effects pedals as long as their combined requirement is less than or equal to 500mA. You could also pair to ports to power a single 18V unit should the need arise.
Contents of the Box
In the box, you'll find all the cables you need and more to get the most out of this power brick. The package includes a kettle cable to power the unit itself. You'll also find two 24-inch and four 18-inch-long power cables and a couple of reverse polarity cables. Another unique addition to the package is a 2.1mm barrel cable with a 9V battery connector at the other end for powering older pedals which could only run on 9V batteries.
Fender Engine Room LVL 5 power supply unboxing & overview
Here's a nicely built quality unit that does the job. You get five 500mA outputs which can be split to enhance the power supply's ability further. The unit works on any voltage value, so you can easily take it along on your travels. The helpful LED under each output changes color to indicate the status of each port.
This Fender unit doesn't seem to have an apparent flaw; however, your decision to purchase it will depend on the size of your pedalboard, as there's a limit to what only five available output ports can do. If there are more pedals in your collection, you would be better off investing in something with more power outlets.
3. Eventide PowerMAX V2
The first glimpse of the PowerMAX V2 will remind you of the old VHS video cassettes from the olden days.
This power supply is unique in its design, and the innovative placement of key power points on the interface makes it very compact and easy to use with a pedal board. The unit can easily power its proprietary pedals or any other effects unit you may own, regardless of its power consumption, as we'll see in the coming section.
Looks can be deceiving as this simple-looking device is anything but simple. Not only do you get a ton of options built into the unit, but there's plenty of room for expansion. And because of its sleek construction, you can easily tuck in the power supply under your pedal board as if it wasn't even there.
Dimensions & Fixed Inputs
You'll be astonished that the PowerMAX V2 measures just 1 by 6.3 by 3.46 inches and weighs a mere 1.1 lbs. On the left of the unit is the main power jack for the kettle cable that powers the unit. Next to it are 3 fixed 9V power ports, each of which delivers a whopping 660mA.
Variable Inputs
On the opposite side of the unit are 4 variable power outputs. Now here's where things get interesting. Each output is capable of delivering 9V (660mA), 12V (500mA), 18V (400mA), or 18V (330mA), depending on the requirement. You can set the voltage by adjusting the corresponding micro buttons for each output.
Expansion & Cables
A unique feature of the PowerMAX V2 is that it can be connected to Eventide's PoweMINI device, which works as a standalone power supply and can also be converted to an expansion pack for the more high-end version. The MINI unit offers 4 additional outputs, two of which are fixed at 9V, while outlets three and four work on the same principle of variable voltage (9V, 12V, 15V, 18V) as seen on the MAX unit. Also on the power supply unit is a USB port to hook up your phone so your battery gets charged as you jam on stage. Included in the box are thirteen flex cables to connect different types of pedals. These include splitter and reverse polarity cables as well for ease of use.
Eventide PowerMax V2 (based on Cioks DC7 | Unboxing and Quick test
The PowerMAX V2 power supply offers a connection for 7 pedals simultaneously. Apart from the 3 9V outlets, the unit offers 4 variable voltage ports, which can be adjusted easily to activate 12V, 15V, and 18V capabilities. The circuitry under the hood can run on anything between the 90V & 265V range so that you can take it anywhere. The addition of the USB port is great for charging your phone.
You won't see any standard power cables in the box, which is odd. Although you get plenty of cables, you'll be fine even if you lose a few. In addition, it would've been nice to have a dedicated power switch to turn the unit on or off.
4. Engl Power Tap
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This minuscule offering from ENGL is a force to be reckoned with and handles the responsibility of powering your pedalboard with ease.
Endorsed by infamous guitar players like Marty Friedman, Paul Stanley, Steve Morse, and a plethora of other musicians, the ENGL is a big name among the legends of the industry.
However, the company has something for everyone thanks to ENGL's high-quality amp heads, cabinets, rackmount units, pedals, footswitches, and power supplies.
Don't be fooled by the ENGL Power Tap's small size, as this tiny unit is packed with features. While the layout may look simple, the power supply is cleverly designed and offers a wide range of options, making the unit an ideal choice for running a few pedals at home or powering your pedalboard when you're on a grand stage playing live.
The layout of the power supply is categorized into different sections. Starting from the left, there's an 18V input to power the unit. Under the 9V section are 7 outputs capable of dishing out 100mA each. The 8th 9V port delivers 500mA, so you can use a splitter cable to juice multiple 9V pedals, which is great. Lastly, you'll find single 12V and 18V outlets on the far right, which can deliver 100mA.
Size & Connectivity
The Power Tap is as small as it is versatile. Sized at just 5.9 by 2.1 by 1.33, the device weighs only 1.3 lbs. As with most power supplies, you'll find a network of wires in the box. The package includes a reverse polarity cable, one 2.1mm to 3.5mm jack adapter cable, ten 2.1mm to 2.1mm power cables, and an 18V power supply to juice up the ENGL power tap. Furthermore, all outputs have adequate protection against short-circuiting.
Everything is upfront on this unit. With 10 different outlets, there'll rarely be a situation the ENGL power tap can't handle. There are no fancy button combinations to activate different voltages through an outlet. Instead, all ports are clearly labeled, and you get several dedicated voltage options to fulfill your needs. The power supply hardly takes up any space on your pedal board.
While the power supply strives to give several output options for multiple pedal connectivity, some basics have been overlooked. Firstly, the outlets lack adequate isolation, so you're bound to hear plenty of noise and interference. Secondly, this tiny device is a bit flimsy and may start to fall apart after some rough use.
5. Strymon Zuma
Strymon's Ojai and Zuma power supplies are immensely popular due to their amazing quality and compact size.
As power supplies got, the Strymon website claims that the Zuma is the most powerful and advanced unit in terms of its capabilities and the technology used inside its powerful blue exterior.
Although this is a hell of a claim, in many ways, the device does live up to the hype, as you'll realize once you get through this section. Going to great lengths to keep each outlet noise-free, the think tanks at Strymon have equipped the Zuma with dual-isolation circuitry to minimize interference.
The compactly designed Strymon Zuma has dimensions of 6.8 by 3.3 by 1.8 inches. Weighing just over 1.20 lbs, the power supply isn't very bulky and fits under your pedal board nicely. There is a single power port for the flat pin detachable cable, which can power the unit. The Zuma can be operated worldwide and manage a voltage range of 100V to 240V. The front panel is laden with power outlets and is where all the magic happens.
Outputs & Connectivity
There are seven 9V, 500mA ports on the front of the unit, each with corresponding LEDs showing the outlet's status. The next two power outputs are adjustable, and each has a switch control to choose between 12V (275mA), 9V (500mA), and 18V (250mA). The package has everything you need including a total of nine 2.1mm power cables of different lengths with straight to right angle connectors and an IEC cable for powering the Zuma itself.
The last port on the Strymon Zuma is marked "25V OUT." This output allows you to connect to multiple Strymon's Ojai units. Each Ojai power supply offers an additional three 9V and two adjustable outlets. Using the "24V" In and "24VTHRU" ports on the Ojai, you can connect up to 6 units with the Strymon Zuma, allowing you to power 39 pedals at once. You probably won't ever need to run so many pedals in one go, but the options if there if needed.
Strymon Zuma power supply unboxing!
The Strymon Zuma is a great choice if you've got around 5 or 6 pedals and need a smaller unit that does the job and doesn't take up too much space on your pedal board. Also, if you're looking for some room to expand in the future, no other power supply on the list can beat the Zuma in that aspect. Furthermore, you get switchable ports to run those greedy for power pedals.
An important feature that most power supplies lack is an on/off switch which the Strymon Zuma doesn't have either. In addition, some of the cables that the power supply comes with may wiggle due to weak contact points. Also, your Key9 and EHV pedals may not be compatible with the unit.
6. Mooer Macro Power S8
Started by four passionate musician friends, the Mooer company has grown since its inception in 2010.
With time the brand from Shenzen, China, has perfected and delivered micro pedals, effects units, audio interfaces, preamps, amps, Wah pedals, and tons of guitar accessories.
Mooer also has impressive products in its power supply range, including the Macro Power S12 that has 12 different outputs and the more modest S8 unit which can power 8 pedals at a time.
The brick-sized power supply is bulky and measures 6.5 by 3.26 by 2 inches, weighing around 2.5 lbs. Nevertheless, the unit can be used anywhere in the world. All you need to do is open the fuse box and ensure the right fuse is in place. The device comes installed with the 115V variant, although the fuse compartment stores a 230V version as well.
You get a total of 8 power outputs on the Macro Power S8. The interface is such that the four 9V, 400mA (total) power outputs are grouped in one section. This is where more power-intensive pedals can be connected. The next section has three 9V outputs operating on 200mA each. Finally, the last 200mA port on the unit offers adjustable voltages, which can be set using the nearby switch. The options include 9V, 12V, 15V and 18V.
Included in the box is an AC adapter to power the unit. Also included are four 24-inch and four 18-inch power cables for your pedals. You also get a polarity reverse cable to deal with those pesky pedals that don't accept negative polarity like most effects units. Finally, the box includes the power supply and Velcro tape to keep it fixed on/under your pedal board.
You can tell by its weight that some high-end transformers and capacitors are on board, which will give you the most pristine and noiseless sound. If you compare the S8 power supply with products having similar capabilities, the Mooer power supply outshines them in terms of its lower price.
If you have more than one pedal that requires variable power and needs to be used simultaneously, something to note here is that the S8 only has one variable voltage port. Also, the unit is a bit chunky and will stick out like a sore thumb on your pedalboard unless you can hide it underneath.
7. Harley Benton PowerPlant ISO-2 Pro
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The house brand from Thomann has been increasing its product line by delving into many previously unchartered territories.
Famous for decent quality, highly affordable musical instruments, Harley Benton has been tickling the fancy of many beginners and intermediate musicians the world over.
With a portfolio of over 1500 products, including electric guitars, basses, acoustics, classical guitars, amplifiers, speaker systems, pedals, and power supplies, Harley Benton has quickly become a force to be reckoned with.
Compared to its predecessor, the ISO-1, the new and improved PowerPlant ISC-2 Pro takes things a step further. While the older model offered fixed 9V outlets, the ISO-2 brings some variable voltage wizardly into the mix while still staying compact in size and manageable in terms of price. Built like a tank, the device is made of metal.
The power supply measures only 2.8 x 5.5 x 1.2 inches and weighs a minuscule 0.4 lbs. Starting from the far left, the ISO-2 Pro has a 12V, 200mA input to power the unit. The power supply can provide enough juice for 8 pedals simultaneously. There is a section of 9V outlets, each of which can manage 500mA. You'll also find two variable voltage 500mA outputs labeled "A" and "B." The voltage can be easily selected between 18V, 12V, and 9V through the corresponding "A" and "B" switches on the back of the unit. The circuitry inside has decent isolation, so the power supply is relatively quiet, apart from the expected noise when an overdrive pedal is connected.
The package includes eight 2.1mm connector cables to power your pedals and a voltage doubler cable which you may use to power an 18V pedal by connecting to a couple of 9V outputs, for instance. Furthermore, each power output has an LED, which will turn red to indicate if it is overloaded. The company has also taken adequate measures to ensure that the inner mechanism protects your pedals from short-circuiting.
Gear review: Harley Benton Power Plant ISO-2 PRO (the awesome one)
The ISO-2 improves on the shortcomings of its predecessor and provides multiple variable voltage outputs apart from the standard 9V options. The unit is very compact and strongly built to serve you for many years. The outputs have a good deal of isolation and are surprisingly quiet.
While the variable outlets are labeled "500mA", some of the more demanding pedals from Boss and Digitech don't seem to work, although they should work in theory. Also, beware of the sharp edges, as the construction of the power supply lacks attention to detail.
8. Truetone 1 SPOT PRO
The 1 SPOT Pro series includes the CS7 and CS12 models, which employ switching power technology.
What's great about this technology is that you can use these devices anywhere in the world as they automatically convert according to the power outlet you plug them in. This saves you from the trouble of carrying around bulky power convertors.
Unfortunately, while this is very convenient, the technology tends to get very noisy and hinders in producing low noise output when used with guitar pedals. Fortunately, Truetone has found a way to fix that.
Switching Power
Through some innovative thinking and 3 years of undying efforts, the folks at Truetone have succeeded in developing a version of the switching power technology that is not only noiseless but compact, too, so your power supply remains small enough to be hidden under your pedal board nicely.
The CS12 model from Truetone has 12 outputs in total. On the far left are two 18Vdc outputs with 100mA each. Next, you'll find five variable voltage 100mA outputs with micro switches under the unit to select between 9Vdc and 12Vdc. Also, there are a couple of 9Vdc 250mA outputs and a pair of 9Vdc 500mA outlets on the unit. Finally, the outlet on the far right has 9V AC 800mA capabilities and is marked red to caution the user, as plugging in a conventional 9Vdc pedal into this port will surely fry it.
All the cables that come with the Truetone CS12 are color coded depending on the cable length for ease of use. In the box, you'll find a wide array of cables starting with four 18-inch and three 12-inch cables. The package also includes two 26-inch and two 22-inch cables and a special 9VAC cable. The ends that plug into the power supply are straight, while the opposite ends have right-angle connectors.
Does your pedalboard really need a power brick like the 1 SPOT Pro?
The CS12 does all the basics right. The circuitry is low noise, and the unit has switchable power so that you can use it anywhere in the world without fear of an explosion. There are plenty of variable and fixed outputs, so the chances of feeling the need to expand are very slim. The color-coded cables are a very user-friendly feature.
Not everyone has 18V pedals in their collection, so if the two 18V fixed outputs could be converted to 9V, that would be of much greater use to most guitar players. While the power supply itself is nicely built, some of the cables are subpar and faulty straight from the box.
9. Walrus Audio Aetos
Walrus Audio is known for making some unique and multifunctional power supplies to power guitar pedals.
Surely you have come across a few effects pedals from the company in our previous posts. Their pedal catalog includes pedals for delay/reverb, EQ, compression, overdrive, fuzz, distortion, modulation, octaves, and so much more. For us guitar players, pedals are of the utmost importance. The more, the merrier.
That's where power supplies come in. The Aetos keeps things simple and complex at the same time. The interface has all the necessary outputs you'll need at home or on stage, and the complex technology inside its solid exterior ensures that everything functions optimally so you can rock on freely.
There is a total of eight 9V outputs on the front panel. Six of these are 100mA outlets, while the remaining two are 300mA ports. On the side of the unit is a 120VAC in port to power the unit through a detachable kettle cable and a 120VAC out that can power anything from your cellphone to rope lights and even other power supplies.
The Aetos comes with eight 2.1mm barrel cables and a couple of Line 6 style red/black cables. Inside the Aetos power supply is a custom transformer that promises noise and hum-free power delivery, so your pedal board is free from unwanted sounds.
Walrus Audio AETOS - Isolated Power Supply Review
The power supply is extremely compact and won't take up too much space on or under your pedal board. For its size, it has a lot of outputs to power your pedals, and if you have 8 or fewer pedals that you mostly use, this is the unit for you. The 120VAC out port is a good feature if you want to power any portable devices or other power supplies.
The options on the output side are a bit limited. Sure, if you have eight 9V pedals, you're all set, but what if you require variable outputs to power something heavier? Well, you're out of luck, as the Aetos doesn't have dedicated outputs that do that. Also, some mounting hardware would be a welcome addition to the overall package.
10. Cioks DC7
The Ciosk DC7 looks very similar to the Eventide PowerMAX V2 because of its layout and features.
Being the very first unit by Cioks to have switchable power technology, the DC7 can be plugged into any power socket around the globe without flipping any switches or using a power converter.
Not only that, but the technology makes the DC7 much more efficient and powerful. Compared to the DC10, which dishes out 16 watts, the DC7 has 48 watts of power.
When you look at it for the first time, it's easy to dismiss this tiny power unit as something that would stack up against other units in the price range, but you would be wrong. Built with dimensions of 1 inch by 6.3 inches by 3.5 inches, this tiny unit has all the power and outputs you'll need to feed your pedalboard.
The unit has an input port where the kettle cable connects to power the DC7. The device has 7 power outlets but what's amazing is how the company managed to load such a small unit with so many variable power ports. With the help of corresponding microswitch combinations labeled on the interface, each output can be set between 9V 660mA, 12V 500mA, 15V 400mA, and 18V 330mA. What's more, is that the power supply also has a USB port to power a tablet or smartphone. Lastly, there's a 24V output that can be connected to any other compatible power supply to add further isolated outputs to the DC7 unit.
Connectivity & Metering
Inside the DC7 is a power meter with helpful LEDs that light up on the top to indicate when the load is at or around 40%, 70%, and 90%. So, if you find that most of the time, all three lights are on, it may be time to reduce the load or switch to another power supply. The package includes 12 flex cables with different colors according to different lengths & polarities. One of the twelve cables is a 3-way daisy chain cable.
CIOKS DC7 power supply - introduction
Every single output on the DC7 power supply has variable adjustments. It'll be hard to find such a compact unit that offers 48 watts of power to juice 7 pedals and mobile devices and has room to expand through a 24V output. With switchable technology, the power supply can be used in any country.
If you want to use more than 7 pedals at once, you won't be able to do so with a single DC7 unit on hand. Ciosk has a patent pending "Grip" bracket that provides a drill-free way to mount the unit to most pedal boards, which would be a nice inclusion to the package.
11. T-Rex Fuel Tank Chameleon
If you're a fan of T-Rex pedals, then it's only fitting that you power them with the Fuel Tank Chameleon.
T-Rex offers a wide range of versatile pedals for effects like distortion, dual distortion, overdrive, tap delay, studio delay, reverb, octaves, and much more. Their effects pedals are what made the Danish company world famous.
However, since their inception in 1996, the owners have also ventured into other cool stuff, like pedalboards and power supplies. The Fuel Tank Chameleon is one such power supply that can power pedals with different needs.
Which pedals?
Since most pedals from the company operate on 12V rather than the more conventional 9V, you'll find plenty of outlets on the power supply to run them. The unit is equally capable of powering pedals with lower power consumption. It's a good thing that the outputs can be easily customized as needed.
The brick-like Fuel Tank Chameleon has 6 outputs, of which 5 can be used simultaneously. The first three ports have a variable voltage of 9V & 12V. The fourth one can be switched between 9V and 18V. The fifth and sixth outputs can only be used one at a time. Output six is switchable between 9V to 12V, and the final output provides 12VAC power. Choosing the voltage on each variable output can be done by adjusting the micro switches in the "Voltage Selector" section.
Connectivity and Voltage Switching
The power supply doesn't have power switching technology but does come with a voltage switch at the back. You'll have to unscrew the section to access the switch, which toggles between 115V and 230V. You'll find 7 power cables of different lengths and connectors in the box. The breakup is such that you get five 2.1mm connector cables, one 2.1mm to 2.5mm connector cable for the 12VAC output, and one 2.1mm to 3.5mm jack cable. Also included in the package is an IEC cable to power the Fuel Tank.
T Rex Fuel Tank Chameleon PSU Guitar Pedal Power Supply
Since most T-Rex pedals have a specific demand for power, it's good that the power supply offers the option of modifying each output as required. You'll also be able to power 9V pedals through the unit. Furthermore, since the outputs are isolated, you can also pair two 9V outputs to power an 18V pedal.
Judging by its size and bulk, you expect the power supply to do more than it actually does. However, you get just 6 outputs on the unit, and while five of them are variable, you cannot use all six at once. Surely if you have more pedals, you should go for another power supply more suited to your needs.
12. Joyo JP-05 Power Bank Supply 5
Here's a power supply that brings a lot of cool features to your pedalboard.
With years of experience in manufacturing effects pedals, amplifiers, guitar accessories, and power supplies, the Joyo brand has become a household name for many musicians around the planet.
Joyo offers a wide variety of power supplies depending on the size of your setup, including the JMP-01, JP-02, JP-04, JP-05, and the flagship JP-07 units. The JMP-01 is the smallest of the power supplies and can be charged. The JP-05 is suitable for mid-sized setups.
Chargeable Unit
Pertinent to mention here is that there's one thing that the JP-05 is capable of, which no other unit on today's list can do. As the name suggests, the unit can be charged to run as a power bank. So, if you lose or break your charger on gig day, and the power supply is adequately charged, you can perform on stage wirelessly by using the stored charge.
This Joyo unit is capable of powering eighte effects pedals in one go. The outputs are categorized into sections according to their common characteristics. The first three are 9V ports with 500mA capabilities. The next four ports also offer 9V but deliver 100mA. The final section has a variable power outlet which can be set to 9V, 12V, or 18V by toggling the nearby switch. You'll also get 100mA through this output.
The unit has a 9V input to power and charge the Joyo Power Supply 5. Next to the power input is a very handy USB port that can help charge a mobile device or even your wireless guitar system. There's also a small button next to the USB port, which can activate the bright electric blue lights for each output to check the status. Included in the box is a 9V power supply for the JP-05, so you won't have to purchase it separately. You'll also find 8 power cables with straight and right-angle connectors for each available output. Finally, you'll also find a polarity reversed cable in case you have a pedal that requires a center-positive setting.
The MOST affordable & RECHARGEABLE!! power brick for your pedalboard -Joyo JP-05 Power Supply 5
You can charge your JP-05 and use it as a wireless unit anywhere on stage, which is immensely convenient. The unit has a dedicated on/off switch, which is always good. Furthermore, you have plenty of fixed outputs and a variable outlet for a small to the medium-sized pedalboard. Finally, the absence of an IEC power input keeps things nicely compact.
If you have more than 8 pedals on hand, you'll need to invest in something more advance. Also, the JP-05 only comes with one variable output, so if you're using more than one T-Rex pedal or any pedal that requires 12V, for instance, you'll find the power supply very limited compared to what's required.
13. Strymon Ojai 5 Power Supply
The midnight blue Strymon Ojai 5 power supply looks great and does its job well.
What's more, this versatile unit can be used as a stand-alone unit for smaller pedal boards or as an expansion option to add more outputs to the larger and more capable Strymon Zuma power supply discussed earlier in the list.
This rugged aluminum beast in blue measures 1.3″ by 3.2″ by 2.3″ and weighs just 0.3 pounds. Looking at its minuscule size, an untrained eye may mistake it for a micro effects pedal. So, you can easily Velcro it to any side of your board, and the Ojai unit will stay put and quietly do its job. The dual isolated outputs ensure no AC line noise or ground hum issues.
Front & Rear Panel
On the front of this tiny but robust pedal are five 9V outputs giving you 500mA per output. Each port also has its own status LED that lights up accordingly to show if the output is functioning properly or if there's a malfunction. The back of the unit has a "24V Thru" port with which you can connect the Ojai to a Zuma unit or multiple Ojai power supplies for expansion purposes.
Like other Strymon devices, the Ojai has a 24V Thru port with which you can connect to other proprietary power supplies to form a chain. A dedicated port for expansion is great as it doesn't reduce any of the available outputs and adds additional outputs depending on the power supply you link to the original unit.
The unit can be powered by the "24V IN" port at the back. This can be done by using the power brick that comes with the unit. The power supply also possesses power switching technology which enables you to plug it in where in the world you go. Also, in the box along with the Ojai are 5 power cables with long-form jacks at one and right-angled ones on the other.
The power supply is tiny and can be tucked nicely on or under your board. The box includes all the cables you need to plug in 5 pedals simultaneously, and the power-switching features let you take the unit along during your travels. In addition, the device's capabilities can be easily enhanced by adding more units through the 24V Thru port.
Although the power supply is quite compact, it comes with a bulky power brick that is almost the size of the Ojai unit, if not bigger, which, quite frankly, defeats the purpose of it being so small. Of course, you can combine the Ojai with other Strymon units to get more outputs, but getting a power supply with more outputs in the first place would prove much cheaper.
14. Palmer PWT 08
The German manufacturer by the name of Palmer understands the needs of the modern musician.
Operating out of Frankfurt, Germany, Palmer has been around for decades. The focus has been on manufacturing event technology, including stage equipment, stands, lighting, hardware, accessories, and audio equipment.
So no wonder you'll also find many innovative products under the Palmar name for the guitar players of today. The Palmer PWT 08 is one such product that helps power your standard and power intensive pedals with ease.
The far left of the unit has a 12V 2000mA power input to juice the PWT-08. The first two outputs are marked "A" and "B" and have variable voltage capabilities. You can switch between 9V, 12V, and 18V from the corresponding "A" and "B" switches on the back of the unit. Each of these settings delivers 500mA. Next to the switchable ports are six fixed 9V outputs with a capacity of 150mA each. Every output has an LED which lights up in green to show a normal status and turns red if the connected pedal has the wrong polarity or is faulty. The power supply goes into self-protection mode and will reset in a couple of settings once the fault is removed.
The box includes 8 DC cables with 2.1 x 5.5 mm connectors for the available outputs. You'll also find a merge cable in the package, which can combine outputs to deliver 21V, 24V, 30V, or even 36V. This gives you additional options to run more demanding pedals.
Good for?
The PWT series from Palmer includes the smaller PWT 04 unit, the mid-range PWT 08 offering, and the higher-end PWT 12, which comes with all the bells and whistles. If you have a mid-sized pedal board, the PWT 08 can be an ideal choice as it is loaded with plenty of fixed and variable outputs to cater to your pedals' needs.
There is good isolation, and the unit controls noise quite well. The inclusion of the merge cable opens doors to some powerful output combinations to drive even the most power-hungry pedals. The power supply goes into a self-protection setting if a fault is noted, which protects the rest of your setup from getting affected.
For many setups, eight outputs are plenty and will serve the purpose just right. However, if you're a musician who likes to have the bulk of his collection on the pedal board for a live event, something with more output options would be more beneficial. You can merge outputs to generate more power, but that also reduces the number of available outputs.
15. Voodoo Lab Pedal Power 2 Plus
The power supply from Voodoo Lab has a lot of magic going on under its powerful metallic hood.
Being Voodoo Lab's bestselling unit in the power supply category, the device measures 6 inches by 3.4 inches by 1.75 inches and weighs 2 lbs. The power supply is strongly built and has a feature called "SAG" that you may not have seen on any other power supplies thus far.
The circuitry inside Pedal Power 2 ensures that all the outputs are isolated. This means that your pedals won't be interfering with each other, and there's little to no chance that you'll hear any ground hum, buzzing, or interference of any sort giving you a whisper-quiet pedalboard to work with.
Outputs & SAG Feature
On the front panel are 8 power outputs with different capabilities. The first four are 9V 100mA outputs. The fifth and sixth outputs are also 9V but with a capacity of 250mA. Finally, outputs seven and eight deliver 100mA. Underneath the unit are 8 dip switches which can be flipped to equip the corresponding output with 12V capabilities. The first four outputs mimic the old Boss ACA adapter, while outputs five and six are ideal for powering some heavier Strymon or Eventide pedals.
SAG Feature
Those with highly sensitive and trained ears may have picked up on a strange phenomenon. Some pedals operating on a 9V battery sound even better as the battery gets depleted. This is where the "SAG" feature comes in. The last two outputs on the Pedal Power 2 each have a knob that can vary the port's voltage between 4V and 9V to mimic the sound of a pedal with a dying battery. But that's not all.
The front panel lacks an output for any AC pedals you may have. But there is a way around that. The back of the unit has an IEC output with which you can connect an extension and plug your AC pedals. Also, next to this is a power input for the Pedal Power 2. The box includes six 18-inch right-angle cables, two 24-inch cables with straight and right-angle ends, and a red polarity reverse cable in case you're working with + polarity pedals. Finally, a kettle cable to power the unit is also included.
Voodoo Lab Pedal Power 2 Plus | Reverb Demo Video
By the look of things, Voodoo Lab has done a good job in thinking of all conceivable combinations when designing the Pedal Power 2 power supply. You get eight 9V outputs that can be switched to 12V. You can attach an extension to the unit to power your AC pedals, and you can even mimic those dying battery sounds thanks to the SAG feature.
The people at Voodoo lab seem to have overlooked a feature that most of today's power supplies ensure to include. As long as you're in the realms of 120VAC, you'll be all set. But as soon as you go touring a country that doesn't offer the voltage, your power supply would be nothing more than a paperweight.
16. MXR DC Brick M 237
Ever since its inception in 1972, the MXR company has manufactured a versatile array of effects pedals.
The company was acquired in 1987 by Jim Dunlop, which is why all their pedals are available on the Dunlop website. Specializing in effects such as phase, chorus, compression, overdrive, octaves, tremolo, fuzz, and so much more, the MXR line still includes the older MXR pedals before Dunlop took over.
And what better way to power your MXR collection pedals than with MXR's own M 237 DC brick? The M 237 is a non-isolated power supply which should be kept in mind when mixing analog and digital pedals.
Measuring just 1 inch by 4.25 inch by 2.3 inches, the tiny device will settle nicely on your board without needing any pedal rearrangement. Other power supplies from MXR include the ISO-Brick and the Mini ISO-Brick, which have different capabilities.
The power supply offers eight fixed 9V outputs, which can be accessed from either side of the device. These eight outputs can handle 150mA each or a total of 1200mA, so you can mix and match the pedals on these ports as long as the total requirement stays within 1200mA. There are also a couple of 18V outputs on the brick with a capacity of 400mA each and 800mA combined.
The device itself can be powered through the 18V 2000mA input port. The M 237 has a power supply for this purpose and has several 2 and 3-pin adapters to accommodate different sockets. You'll find 10 power cables for the 10 available outputs on the power supply. Each cable has a right-angle connector and a straight one at the other end.
The M 237 power brick keeps things simple. You get eight 9V and two 18V outputs to run 10 pedals simultaneously. There aren't any variable outputs, but you can use splitter cables to combine outputs and run your more power-intensive pedals. All outlets are lined with helpful LEDs that light up in red if there is a malfunction and troubleshooting is required.
Being a budget power supply, you're going to run into a problem when using the DC Brick. The outputs are not isolated and will be using a common ground connection. This can lead to unwanted electrical noises like hum and buzz. Furthermore, you cannot use the power supply to run positive polarity pedals.
17. Rockboard ISO Power Block V16
Rockboard, the sub-brand of Warwick, is a company that specializes in all kinds of tools for modern pedalboards.
The company manufactures products like pedalboards, power supplies, wireless systems, quick mounts, cables, and many other accessories to cater to the needs of guitar and bass players today. Regarding power supplies, Rockboard offers the smaller ISO Power Block V6 and the more advanced ISO Power Block V16.
The V6 is designed for more modest setups and can accommodate five fixed 9V and a single 18V output. Of course, you can expand its capabilities by patching multiple V6 units together. However, its older brother, the V16, is much more powerful and brings multiple variable outputs to the fore. Compared to what it can do, the unit gives you great value for the money spent.
On the V16 power block, you'll find a whopping eleven fixed 9V outputs. Five of these have a capacity of 150mA, and the remaining six can deliver 100mA. If that's not enough, the power supply includes 4 variable outputs with switches that can toggle between 9V, 12V, 15V, and 18V. Each of these offers 300mA. Finally, the brick has a USB output to power mobile devices, tablets, or your wireless guitar systems and an 18V input to power the unit itself. With all that's been packed into the V16 unit, it doesn't take much space, measuring around 7 inches by 3.1 inches by 1.2 inches and weighing just 400 grams.
The box includes 16 power cables to power as many pedals at a time. You'll also find two Y cables to double the voltage or the current to accommodate those tricky power-intensive pedals in your collection. The package also includes an 18V 2000mA power supply to power the Block V16. The power supply can be paired with exchangeable adapters for usage all over the world.
You probably don't want to use more than 16 pedals at a time in a home-based or live-performance setting. The power block V16 is a gifted power supply that shouldn't need any expansion requirements thanks to the mind-boggling amounts of outputs it offers. Furthermore, these are highly filtered, isolated outlets, so there'll be no noise.
Not to cut short the capabilities of the V16 power block, but if you have a smaller setup that includes 6 to 8 pedals, you could be better off with a smaller unit that takes less room and isn't too heavy on your wallet.
18. Artec Power Brick
The lesser-known Artec Sound is a Korean company that has been making waves in guitar accessories.
Being around for just a few years, the company already has an impressive catalog and manufactures products like acoustic preamps, electric and bass pickups, guitar electronics, effects pedals, amplifiers, and other accessories, including power supplies like the Artec Power Brick.
The device is made of metal through and through and is somewhat compact, measuring just 4.5 inches by 2.8 inches by 1.3 inches. Designed in black and neon yellow, the power supply looks great on your pedalboard and has 3 electric blue LEDs to illuminate your board under dim stage lights.
Unlike conventional-looking power supplies, the power brick has all its pedal outputs on the top of the unit. Labeled from A to F, the compact power supply has six 9V 100mA ports. Above the 9V section is a 15V input with a capacity of 1000mA to power the unit.
Variable Outputs
Finally, categorized under the "Adjustable DC Output" section are two variable outputs that work on the same principle as the "SAG" outputs on the Voodoo Lab unit. These outputs labeled "G" and "H" have adjustable knobs to vary the voltage between 6V and 12V. So, if you're after that drained battery sound that you normally don't find on most power supplies, the Artec Power Brick is equipped to do just that.
Connection Cables and LEDs
Nothing too fancy is happening on the cabling front, as you'll get eight power cables with right-angle connectors at both ends for each of the outputs on the power supply and a 15V power adapter to plug into the input section. Each output is supported by an LED, which indicates its status. The pair of LEDs in the variable voltage section dim and brighten according to the set voltage value. The three LEDs on the side of the unit can be activated by pressing the button next to the input.
The Artec Power Brick is very light and compact, so it'll easily make space on your board. Apart from the six standard 9V outputs, you get two variable ports with knobs to adjust the voltage range manually for delivering those low battery effect variations.
The Power Brick is great for smaller setups that include eight pedals. However, if you want to use more pedals in one go, you might want to look elsewhere.
19. Falken 1 Mega Power Bank
The company named Falken has equipped this power bank with a very rare feature.
Very few pedalboard power supplies in the market act as a power bank and offer the added benefit of wireless connectivity. As the name implies, the Falken 1 Mega Power Bank is one such unit that will let you power your pedals and move the pedal around a live stage without a network of cables getting in the way.
And it's not like you'll need to charge it after a couple of hours, as this deceptively small-sized 5.5″ x 2.7″ x 0.8″ device goes a long way after a single charge. Also, weighing just 0.7 pounds, your pedalboard won't have to accommodate any extra weight as you can tuck it under the board as if it isn't there.
The ports on the front panel are nicely organized. First and foremost is the variable 18V/24V output with 450mA capabilities. There's no dedicated switch to toggle between the two, so the unit automatically adjusts to the pedal's power demand. Next is the 12V output with a capacity of 1000mA, which is very handy. Finally, there are eight non-variable 9V ports with a collective capability of 2000mA.
On the side of the Falken unit is a dedicated on/off switch to power the unit. Next is the reset button, which can restart the unit if a fault occurs due to a malfunctioning pedal or electric fluctuation. Finally, you'll find a 12V input that charges the Falken 1 Mega Power Bank. The "Power Indicator" LED strip at the top of the unit lights up to indicate the amount of charging left in the unit. When all 4 lights are on, the charging is full. When fully charged, the Power Bank has a battery life of 16 hours which may vary depending on the pedals connected to it.
For each of the ten ports on the front panel, you get a 20-inch 5.5 x 2.1mm angled cable. Also in the box are a couple of reverse polarity cables to manage pedals that run on positive polarity. Finally, the package includes one barrel connector to a USB cable and a 40-inch 5.5 x 2.1mm cable.
Being able to charge your pedalboard's power supply is an outstanding feature. Not only can you freely move your board on stage, but you can easily hook the power supply to your pedals while on your tour bus and can let your creativity loose. The power bank gives you eight 9V outputs, one 12V output, and a variable 18V/24V outlet, so you have plenty of variety.
Although generally quite silent, if you're looking to power analog and digital pedals at the same time, you might encounter some noise, especially when using the Falken 1 Mega Power Bank with overdrive pedals.
20. Gator G-BUS-8 Multi Power Supply
Surely, you've purchased one or two cases for your guitars, drums, and other accessories with the "Gator" logo on them.
When a company has won many awards at platforms like Winter NAMM 2020/2021 and Music & Sound Award 2021 and achieved a long list of other accolades over the years, they can deliver the goods.
If you're looking for a decent power supply for your pedal board, you can choose from several options, including the Power-5 (five isolated outputs), Power-8 (eight isolated outputs), Power-12 (twelve isolated outputs), and G-BUS-8 (11 outputs) models.
Appearance and Capabilities
The power supply looks relatively simple in its all-black design with the red "Gator" logo on it but is capable of wonderful things. The front panel has eight fixed 9V outputs with a capacity of 250mA each. On the side, you'll find three 18V outlets, each of which can deliver 350mA. Finally, there's an 18V input to power the Gator G-BUS-8.
Also, in the box are nine 24-inch-long cables for the available output. The cables seem to have right-angle connectors on both ends. As the power supply doesn't have an IEC port to connect the kettle cable you usually see on most supplies, you get a proprietary power adapter that connects to the side of the G-BUS-8 to power it on.
The power supply is very compact. You get eight 9V and three 18V, which should be enough for medium to large-sized pedal boards. The G-BUS-8 keeps things nice and organized on your pedalboard and doesn't take up much space.
Be prepared to face noise issues when plugging analog and digital pedals together. The outputs seem to lack adequate isolation, which gives way to hum, which isn't too loud but is definitely noticeable.
Surely, now you know the ins and outs of the pedal board power supplies discussed here. When deciding which one suits you the most, make sure it satisfies all the checkboxes. The questions you need to ask are: How many pedals do I need to run simultaneously? What is the power requirement of each pedal? How much space do I have on/under my board to accommodate the power supply? How much am I willing to spend?
If you're looking for a small power supply with just enough outputs to power up to 5 pedals, the Strymon Ojai and Fender Engine Room would be good choices. You even have room for expansion on the Ojai unit. If you want to take things a step further with something more suitable for power 6 to 7 pedals, the T-Rex Fuel Tank Chameleon, Eventide Power Max 2, and Ciosk DC 7 will fulfill your requirements.
The Mooer Macro Power S8, Harley Benton Power Plant ISO-2 Pro, Walrus Audio Aetos, Palmer PWT 08, Voodoo Lab Pedal Power 2 Plus, Joyo JP-05, and Artec Power Brick all have enough outputs to power 8 effects pedal. However, if that isn't your cup of tea, getting any of the Strymon Zuma, Friedman Power Grid, ENGL Power Tap, MXP DC Brick M 237, or the Falken 1 Mega Power Bank will enable you to power 9/10 pedals in one go.
Finally, if you want to dominate the world and be dubbed the king of pedals, the Gator G-BUS-8, Truetone 1 Spot Pro, or Rockboard ISO Power Block V-16 will enable you to do so beyond your wildest dreams.
The Joyo JP-05 Power Bank and Falken 1 Mega Power Bank are both power banks, which means you can charge them and use them wirelessly to power your pedals on stage. Remember, an organized pedalboard streamlines your workflow and enhances your experience, whether playing on stage or at home.
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Sultan Zafar
Sultan Zafar is a guitar player from Islamabad, Pakistan. He has been playing music with various mainstream musicians for over 20 years. He is a song writer and music producer. These days he spends his time exploring different music genres and collaborating with fellow musicians on various projects.


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Hobbies Coin Collecting Coin Collecting Basics
How Are Coins Made?
James Bucki
James Bucki has over 40 years of coin collecting experience, receiving specialized training in coin grading, minting errors, and collecting techniques.
Raymond Boyd / Contributor / Getty Images
The methods used to make coins has evolved over the years. Coins were first made in the ancient kingdom of Lydia well over two thousand years ago. The minting process for ancient coins was quite simple. A small lump of gold, silver, or copper was placed on a coin die embedded into a solid surface like a rock. The worker would then take a second coin die place it on top of it and strike it with a large hammer.
Medieval mints used preformed round discs of metal and a screw press to manufacture the coins. Although this was a manual process, it was easier and yielded a more consistent quality than the ancient minting process.
Early screw press for making coins at the United States Mint The United States Mint
Modern coins are minted with hydraulic coining presses that automatically feed the blanks into the machine. When the machine is running at full capacity, rates of over 600 coins per minute can be obtained. This speed is necessary for an operation like the United States Mint that must produce billions of coins every year.
Although the process is complicated because of the automation used to produce billions of coins, there are a few common steps that every mint around the world uses. The United States Mint is the largest mint in the world, and we will focus on its production process.
The United States Mint
1. Mining Raw Materials
The minting process begins with the mining of raw materials. Mines from across the United States and around the world supply the gold, silver, copper, or other required metals. The raw metal obtained from these mines contains impurities that are not acceptable for coinage.
In addition to the mining of ore to obtain the required metal, the United States Mint also uses recycled metal reclaimed from various sources. These sources include coins that are no longer "machinable" and are removed from circulation. They are returned to the mint where they are recycled into new coins.
2. Refining, Melting, and Casting
The raw metal is refined to remove almost all impurities. Some coins require an alloy of two or more different types of metals. The refined metal is melted, and the additional metals as required by the specifications are added. For example, the United States Mint makes its five-cent coin from an alloy of 75 percent copper and 25 percent nickel.
Once the proper purity or alloy is achieved, the metal is cast into an ingot. These are large metal bars which contain the proper amount of metal as required by the mint. The metal is checked throughout the process to make sure the right purity is obtained.
3. Rolling
The process of rolling the ingot to the proper thickness can be long and laborious. The ingot is rolled between two hardened steel rollers that are continuously moving closer and closer together. This process will continue until the ingot is rolled into a metal strip that is the proper thickness for the coin being made. Additionally, the rolling process softens the metal and changes the molecular structure which allows it to be struck easier and produces higher quality coins.
4. Blanking
The United States Mint uses rolls of metal that are approximately 13 inches wide and weigh several thousand pounds. The roll of metal is unwound and flattened to remove the curvature from the manufacturing process. It is then passed through a machine that punches out discs of metal that are now the proper thickness and diameter for the coin being made.
5. Riddling
Up to this point, the production process used to fabricate the metal blanks is dirty and is ran in a harsh environment. It is possible for small pieces of waste metal to get mixed in with the coin blanks. The riddling machine separates the properly sized blanks from any foreign matter mixed in with the coin blanks.
6. Annealing and Cleaning
The mint then passes the coin blanks through in the annealing oven to soften the metal in preparation for striking. The blanks are then put through a chemical bath to remove any oil and dirt that may be on the surface of the coin. Any foreign material can become embedded in the coin during the striking process, and it would have to be scrapped.
7. Upsetting
To protect the design that's going to be impressed on the metal coin blank, each coin blank is passed through a machine that has a set of rollers that get a little bit smaller and imparts a raised metal rim on both sides of the coin blank. This process also helps ensure that the coin blank is the proper diameter so it will strike up properly in the coining press. After this process, the coin blank is now called a planchet.
8. Stamping or Striking
Now that the planchets have been properly prepared, softened, and cleaned, they are now ready for striking. Business struck coins are automatically fed into the coining press at a rate that can reach several hundred coins per minute. Proof coins made for collectors are fed by hand into the coining press and receive at least two strikes per coin.
A coin press operator at the United States Mint inspects a coin. James Bucki
9. Distribution
Coins that pass inspection are now ready for distribution. Business struck coins are packed into bulk storage bags and shipped to The Federal Reserve Bank for distribution to local banks. Collector coins are placed in special holders and boxes and shipped to coin collectors around the world.
How Much is a 1943 Penny Worth?
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The Three Different Strike Types Used for Making Coins
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What is a Proof Coin?
The Top 15 Most Valuable Silver Dollars
What is a Planchet?
Types of Mint Error Coins
What are Clad Coins?
War Nickels: 1942 – 1945
How Much Is My Blank Coin Worth?
How to Detect Counterfeit Coins
The United States Mint at Philadelphia
What is a Cud Error on a Coin?
The Flowing Hair Silver Dollar (1794)
Difference Between the Coin's Edge and Rim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sumo Dog moved from Koreatown to the 3rd Street Promenade in Santa Monica boasting a new facelift. Inspired by Japanese culture, the new Sumo Dog restaurant implements materials and graphics that produce a modern take on Japanese design. The bar is made with a concrete countertop and a wood die wall that replicates the look of Shou-Sugi-Ban charred wood. This traditional technique is characteristic to Japan and creates a durable and unique surface. The bamboo paneling and graphic canvas banners also add elements from the culture and create a façade that is minimal and elegant in design. Not only is the overall design of Sumo Dog inspired by the culture, but so is the food. Hot dogs and burgers are served with ingredients such as furikake, green onions, and wasabi, which puts a twist on typical American food.


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Flashback to 2016 – Catrin marks her birthday by scoring seven goals!
Catrin Thomas on the ball in her Caernarfon days. Picture: DAI SINCLAIR
How many footballers mark their birthday by scoring SEVEN goals in a match?
Not many for sure, but that is what Catrin Wyn Thomas achieved five years ago today.
On December 18, 2016, Catrin netted a magnificent seven in Caernarfon Town's 12-0 win over Prestatyn on her 29th birthday.
Ffion Owen, Sioned Bohana, Natasha Jones, Elena Julio and Danielle Barnfield also scored one apiece.
Catrin's feat occurred during a tremendous season for Caernarfon which saw them win the North Wales League title and Betty Pickering League Cup double.
Mother-of-two Catrin was top-scorer, netting 38 goals in league and cup in about half that many matches.
As well as notching seven in one game, she pocketed six in another and a couple of fours.
At the end of the season Catrin was presented with the 2016-17 Grassroots North Wales Women's Player of the Year award.
The season before, she had played left-back for Llandudno, and scored in the Welsh Cup final.
The sister of Caernarfon Town football legend Darren Thomas, Catrin began playing football aged five and her first team was Cae Glyn under-sevens.
She later played for her school team before joining Caernarfon Town.
As well as playing for Caernarfon and Llandudno in the Welsh Premier, Catrin has also represented Mountain Rangers and this season joined Genero Adran North League club Bethel.
She has always been a tremendous player, highly respected.
Today she celebrates her 34th birthday. Penblwydd hapus Catrin. 🎂🎂🎂🎂🎂🥂🥂🥂🥂🍾🍾🍾🍾
Previous Friday night North Wales senior football reports
Next North Wales senior football results – Saturday, December 18


It is not hard to make artisanal quality pizza at home. Here are a few pointers, and then we will get to the recipes. First, buy a good quality pizza stone, or you can use quarry tiles cut to fit a rack in your oven. You can also use untreated granite tiles. Expect these to crack after a year or two, unless you can find quarry tiles. I've been through several pizza stones now and cracked all of my granite. It's the price you pay for good pizza. Luckily, these items are not expensive.
A raging hot oven is essential to good pizza. Set your oven to the highest possible setting. Mine goes to 550 degrees F.
The dough is the canvas upon which you are going to create your own pizza. If the dough is done right, you are set. Dough made with yeast is a temperamental thing. How much flour versus water you use really depends on the texture, the weather etc. I'll show you how to adjust it accordingly. It is important to use bread flour for your dough. Bread flour can be found everywhere these days. I use King Arthur organic bread flour. This will give you a pizza that is crusty on the outside and chewy on the inside.
Don't go out and buy a bunch of special toppings (other than cheese). This is a great opportunity to use leftover veggies and meats in the fridge. You'll be surprised at the pizzas you will be able to create.
Preheat oven with the pizza stone in it, to 550 degrees F. In a food processor, add the package of yeast, sugar and 1 cup of lukewarm water. The water should be slightly warmer than you but not too hot. Make sure it is not over 110 degrees F or it will kill the yeast. Be nice to your yeast Buzz for about 5 seconds. Add bread flour and salt. Turn the processor on and see if it comes together into a ball. If it doesn't after about 30 seconds, add another 1/8 cup of lukewarm water. Buzz it again and if it doesn't come into a ball in 30 seconds, add another 1/8 cup of lukewarm water. If it's too sticky, add a tsp of flour as needed, pulsing the processor until it comes together. When it does come together into a ball, remove from the processor and place in a glass bowl. At this point, you can let it rise up to an hour or so, or you can just start making pizza. It's up to you. I like the dough to develop a bit if I have time, but you don't have to do that.
I brush the dough with olive oil, then add about a cup of mozzarella. Then drizzle the sauce over the top. (This keeps the dough from getting soggy with the sauce.) Bake for 5 minutes and keep an eye on it. When it is bubbly and the crust is golden, it is done. Slide the pizza peel under it to remove.
I was going to tell you to roast the garlic and incorporate it into a bechamel, but it just takes so long. Try this instead. Brush the dough with olive oil and add 2 cloves of minced garlic spread over the dough. Add four slices of Provolone, a couple of handfuls of fresh spinach, about a half cup of Mozzarella, a couple of ounces of crumbled Feta and three ounces of shredded Fontina. Bake until bubbly and the crust is golden, about five minutes. This one was a wow!
White pizza with spinach and four cheeses. This one is a keeper.
Brush the dough with olive oil, add thinly sliced tomato and crumble four ounces of goat cheese over it. Bake in the usual manner, for about five minutes until crust is golden.
In a food processor add basil and toasted pine nuts and half a tsp of minced garlic. Buzz until it becomes a paste. Slowly add olive oil until it looks like a sauce. Add parmesan and buzz for about ten seconds. Check for seasoning. You may want to add a pinch of salt and pepper. Brush dough with olive oil and spread pesto on it. If you like, add fresh, raw shrimp (sliced in half lengthwise to make thinner shrimp), or thinly sliced, cooked chicken breast. Add about 3/4 cup mozzarella on top. Bake for 5 minutes, or until cheese is melted and crust is golden.


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Road 96 is a procedural road trip game about escaping a country in turmoil
By Steven Messner 11 December 2020
One pleasant surprise from The Game Awards was the announcement of Road 96, a procedurally generated road trip adventure about fleeing from a tyrannical regime. Inspired by renowned filmmakers like the Coen Brothers, Tarantino, and Bong Joon-Ho, Road 96 is made by the team behind Valiant Hearts and Memories Retold—two great narrative games with a lot of heart.
That makes me extremely hopeful that Road 96 will also be memorable trip. Over on the Steam page, Road 96 says that "you'll meet incredible characters, and discover their intertwined stories and secrets in an ever-evolving adventure."
"But every mile opens up a choice to make. Your decisions will change your adventure, change the people you meet, maybe even change the world."
That certainly sounds lofty, but I'd love to see how a narrative game mixes with procedural generation. You can see the trailer above to get some idea of how the game actually plays, which looks to involve a mix of driving, hitch-hiking, and maybe even a little armed robbery? Either way, it looks neat.
You can wishlist Road 96 on Steam.
Steven Messner
Steven enjoys nothing more than a long grind, which is precisely why his specialty is on investigative feature reporting on China's PC games scene, weird stories that upset his parents, and MMOs. He's Canadian but can't ice skate. Embarrassing.


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Central Florida 100: POLICING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: & NOT VICTIMS' FAULT
Last week: POLICING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE:
Tragically, we were reminded domestic violence (DV) killings follow a pattern of predetermined threats. Barbara Tommey, 27, never made it to work Sept. 8 in Orlando. She was gunned down outside her office by her "estranged" husband, a self-described "prophet" and "motivational speaker" with a history of DV, according to authorities. We also know DV "chronic" offenders generally commit the gravest DV acts; also, DV victims are five times more likely to be killed when abusers have access to firearms. Our system failed Ms. Tommey as it has for far too many. It's time to rethink how we police DV In America! Looking ahead: NOT VICTIMS' FAULT: The Orlando Police Department suggested to reporters that to "prevent" murder, it's the responsibility of domestic violence victims to reach out to shelters for help. No! We need to hold abusers accountable. Barbara Tommey's "estranged" husband was previously arrested for DV. He fatally shot her seven times outside the credit union where she worked. She became homeless to leave him three months ago. What if instead of implying it's the victim's fault, our institutions, policymakers, and the American people collectively delivered the message to abusers that, "You will not hurt your family in our communities. Or you'll be stopped!" Demand change now – vote!


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Nickeloeon's Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years And The Barbarian And The Troll Are What To Watch!
We love that both Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years And The Barbarian And The Troll are doing so well as we adore both of the shows and we may have a bit of an infatuation with the puppets from the latter. As you can see below the two shows are really doing well in the kids audience of 2-11, but do not be fooled each one of these shows has something fun for the adults as well.
Check out the stats below, but really what all these fun numbers mean is make sure to check out both of the shows on Nickelodeon as they are being very well received.
NICKELODEON'S KAMP KORAL: SPONGEBOB'S UNDER YEARS RANKS AS 2021'S TOP TELECAST WITH KIDS, POSTS DOUBLE-DIGIT YEAR-OVER-YEAR AND LIVE +3 GAINS
The Barbarian and the Troll Premiere Posts Double-Digit Year-Over-Year Gains
• Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years—the newest addition to the SpongeBob SquarePants universe—made a splash on Nickelodeon (Friday, April 2, at 7 p.m. [ET/PT]) scoring the net the top telecast of 2021 to date with Kids 2-11, on ad supported TV. (Source: NMR, Live+Sameday, 2021-YTD (12/28/20-4/04/21), excluding sports, movies, news, and shorts)
• In Live + Same Day Nickelodeon's Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years averaged a 1.7/336K with Kids 2-11, posting an increase of +31% year over year. The telecast also ranked number one for the week with Kids 6-11, averaging a 1.5/179K, posting double-digit year-over-gains (+36%); and drew 714,000 total viewers.
• In Live +3 Kamp Koral posted double-digit lifts of +24% among Kids 2-11, averaging a 2.2/416K, ahead of the animation genre average lifts +10%. With Kids 6-11 the telecast averaged a 1.5/179K, posting a +32% increase in Live +3, outpacing the genre average +25%. The episode also posted double-digit lifts with total viewers, up +20% (855K)
• Kamp Koral launched on Paramount+ on March 4thand the series is slated to premiere on Nickelodeon later this year.
• Following the Kamp Koral episode, Nickelodeon debuted its brand-new live-action series The Barbarian and the Troll (Friday, April 2, at 7:30 p.m. [ET/PT]), which posted double-digit year-over-year gains with Kids 2-11 (1.4/271K, +17%) and was the number-two telecast for the week with Kids 6-11 (1.3/153K, +30%), only after Kamp Koral. The show also drew 607K total viewers (+10% vs year ago).
• In Live + 3 The Barbarian and the Troll telecast posted double-digit gains with Kids 2-11 (1.4/271K, up +13% vs LSD) and Kids 6-11 (1.3/153K, up +21%), up +23% and +34% over the live-action genre average, respectively. The episode also posted double-digit lifts with total viewers, up +19% (725K).
Related ItemsNickelodeon


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package GenTest::Validator::ResultsetComparator3Simplify;

require Exporter;
@ISA = qw(GenTest GenTest::Validator);

use strict;

use GenTest;
use GenTest::Constants;
use GenTest::Comparator;
use GenTest::Result;
use GenTest::Validator;
use GenTest::Simplifier::SQL;
use GenTest::Simplifier::Test;

sub compareTwo {
    my ($self, $q, $s1, $s2, $res1, $res2) = @_;

    my $outcome = GenTest::Comparator::compare($res1, $res2);

    if ($outcome == STATUS_LENGTH_MISMATCH) {
        if ($q =~ m{^\s*select}io) {
            say("-----------");
            say("Result length mismatch between $s1 and $s2 (".$res1->rows()." vs. ".$res2->rows().")");
            say("Query1: " . $res1->query());
            say("Query2: " . $res2->query());
            say(GenTest::Comparator::dumpDiff($res1,$res2));
        } else {
            say("-----------");
            say("Affected_rows mismatch between $s1 and $s2 (".$res1->affectedRows()." vs. ".$res2->affectedRows().")");
            say("Query1: " . $res1->query());
            say("Query2: " . $res2->query());
        }
    } elsif ($outcome == STATUS_CONTENT_MISMATCH) {
        say("-----------");
        say("Result content mismatch between $s1 and $s2.");
        say("Query1: " . $res1->query());
        say("Query2: " . $res2->query());
        say(GenTest::Comparator::dumpDiff($res1, $res2));
    }

    return $outcome;

}

sub simplifyTwo {
    my ($self, $query, $ex1, $ex2, $r1, $r2) = @_;

    my @executors = ( $ex1, $ex2 );

    my @results = ($r1, $r2);

    my $simplifier_sql = GenTest::Simplifier::SQL->new(
        oracle => sub {
            my $oracle_query = shift;

            my @oracle_results;
            foreach my $executor (@executors) {
                push @oracle_results, $executor->execute($oracle_query, 1);
            }
            my $oracle_compare = GenTest::Comparator::compare($oracle_results[0], $oracle_results[1]);
            if (
                ($oracle_compare == STATUS_LENGTH_MISMATCH) ||
                ($oracle_compare == STATUS_CONTENT_MISMATCH)
                ) {
                return ORACLE_ISSUE_STILL_REPEATABLE;
            } else {
                return ORACLE_ISSUE_NO_LONGER_REPEATABLE;
            }
        }
        );

    my $simplified_query = $simplifier_sql->simplify($query);

    if (defined $simplified_query) {
        my $simplified_results = [];

        foreach my $i (0,1) {
            $simplified_results->[$i] =
                $executors[$i]->execute($simplified_query, 1);
            say("Simplified query".($i+1)." (".
                $executors[$i]->getName()." ".
                $executors[$i]->version()."): ".
                $simplified_results->[$i]->query().";");
        }

        say(GenTest::Comparator::dumpDiff($simplified_results->[0], $simplified_results->[1]));

        my $simplifier_test = GenTest::Simplifier::Test->new(
            executors   => \@executors ,
            results     => [ $simplified_results , \@results ]
            );

        my $simplified_test = $simplifier_test->simplify();

        my $tmpfile = tmpdir().$$.time().".test";
        say("Dumping .test to $tmpfile");
        open (TESTFILE, '>'.$tmpfile);
        print TESTFILE $simplified_test;
        close TESTFILE;
    } else {
        say("Could not simplify failure, appears to be sporadic.");
    }
}

sub validate {
    my ($self, $executors, $results) = @_;

    # Skip the whole stuff if only one resultset.

    return STATUS_OK if $#$results < 1;

    return STATUS_WONT_HANDLE
        if $results->[0]->status() == STATUS_SEMANTIC_ERROR ||
           $results->[1]->status() == STATUS_SEMANTIC_ERROR;
    return STATUS_WONT_HANDLE if $results->[0]->query() =~ m{EXPLAIN}sio;

    ## Compare the two first resultsets

    my $query = $results->[0]->query();

    my $server1 = $executors->[0]->getName()." ".$executors->[0]->version();
    my $server2 = $executors->[1]->getName()." ".$executors->[1]->version();

    my $compare_1_2 = $self->compareTwo($query, $server1, $server2, $results->[0], $results->[1]);
    my $compare_result = $compare_1_2;

    # If 3 of them, do some more comparisions

    if ($#$results > 1) {
        my $server3 = $executors->[2]->getName()." ".$executors->[2]->version();

        return STATUS_WONT_HANDLE if $results->[2]->status() == STATUS_SEMANTIC_ERROR;

        my $compare_1_3 = $self->compareTwo($query, $server1, $server3, $results->[0], $results->[2]);

        ## If some of the above were different, we need compare 2 and
        ## 3 too to see if there exists a minority
        if ($compare_1_2 > STATUS_OK or $compare_1_3 > STATUS_OK) {

            return STATUS_WONT_HANDLE if $results->[2]->status() == STATUS_SEMANTIC_ERROR;

            my $compare_2_3 = $self->compareTwo($query, $server2, $server3, $results->[1], $results->[2]);

            if ($compare_1_2 > STATUS_OK and $compare_1_3 > STATUS_OK and $compare_2_3 > STATUS_OK) {
                say("Minority report: no minority");
                say("-----------");
            } elsif ($compare_1_2 > STATUS_OK and $compare_1_3 > STATUS_OK and $compare_2_3 == STATUS_OK) {
                say("Minority report: $server1(dsn1) differs from the two others");
                say("-----------");
                ####
                #### In this first shot, we only do simplification if
                #### Server 1, which is assumed to be MySQL is the
                #### minority, and we do the simplification only withe
                #### excutions on 1 and 2. This should be sufficirnt
                #### for hunting down MYSQL bugs.
                ####
                if (($query =~ m{^\s*select}sio) && (
                        ($compare_1_2 == STATUS_LENGTH_MISMATCH) ||
                        ($compare_1_2 == STATUS_CONTENT_MISMATCH))) {
                    $self->simplifyTwo($query,$executors->[0],$executors->[1],$results->[0],$results->[1]);
                }
            } elsif ($compare_1_2 > STATUS_OK and $compare_1_3 == STATUS_OK and $compare_2_3 > STATUS_OK) {
                say("Minority report: $server2(dsn2) differs from the two others");
                say("-----------");
            } elsif ($compare_1_2 == STATUS_OK and $compare_1_3 > STATUS_OK and $compare_2_3 > STATUS_OK) {
                say("Minority report: $server3(dsn3) differs from the two others");
                say("-----------");
            }

            $compare_result = $compare_2_3 if $compare_2_3 > $compare_result;
        }

        $compare_result = $compare_1_3 if $compare_1_3 > $compare_result;
    }

    #
    # If the discrepancy is found on SELECT, we reduce the severity of
    # the error so that the test can continue hopefully finding
    # further errors in the same run or providing an indication as to
    # how frequent the error is.
    #
    # If the discrepancy is on an UPDATE, then the servers have
    # diverged and the test can not continue safely.
    #

    # CAVEAT: This may cause false positives if one execution
    # influences the following executions. Failures due to a previous
    # failure have been seen.

    if ($query =~ m{^[\s/*!0-9]*(EXPLAIN|SELECT|ALTER|LOAD\s+INDEX|CACHE\s+INDEX)}io) {
        return $compare_result - STATUS_SELECT_REDUCTION;
    } else {
        return $compare_result;
    }
}

1;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


« Is It Wrong to Have More Than Two Children?
Bessed is still far from seeking venture capital, if we go that route at all, but as someone who's never been part of that world, I'm very happy to find the VCs who are willing to blog about the various issues companies face and what VCs look to fund (or not fund).
Fred Wilson and Brad Burnham at Union Square Ventures have one such blog that I'm keeping track of. I only recently found the site, so I have to go back through the archives, but I can already see this is a place I want to return to in order to confirm my ideas, have them shattered, or learn something that may be valuable down the road.
In particular, Fred Wilson's post on "Traction" struck me—basically his message was that your company will have a much better chance of snagging investors if it can show some traction in the marketplace. This seems like common sense, but it's easy to get entranced by your big idea and think you should go get huge amounts of money for it, even though it's completely unproven and you can't possibly predict how it will be received in the market.
Wilson's latest post discusses why Union Square prefers to be the lead VC versus funding later rounds. For me it confirms my thoughts on what I'd want out of a VC. Not just money, but knowhow—someone who can help guide the business as it grows, and also help strategize new revenue sources. At Bessed, our main strategy right now is building the site, and building traffic—gaining traction—but once we have the traffic, we'll need a team to help optimize profits from that traffic. It will take money to build out the team and more knowhow than I have to build the revenue stream.


The Museum Gift Shop offers unique handcrafted baskets, pottery, and tinware as well as books, colonial collectibles, and toys.
The grounds, gardens, and trails are open year round, sunrise to sunset, free of charge.
Check the Events page for a list of special programs and activities designed with fun in mind.
Stop by the Visitor Center for tour and event information. Enjoy a 16-minute video and learn about the Moravians and how they came to Bethabara in 1753. Costumed interpretive guides offer tours of the 1788 Gemeinhaus (Church).
A great start to your visit!
The Visitor Center is handicapped-accessible.