text:
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (1)
(-) United States of America (45)
Anonymity (7)
Body-worn cameras (1)
Comms Surveillance Tech (1)
Communications Surveillance (12)
Communities at Risk (1)
Direct Access by Government (1)
Drones Surveillance (3)
Financial Privacy (1)
Five Eyes (6)
Government Hacking (1)
Humanitarian Sector (1)
IMSI catchers (1)
Intelligence Sharing (5)
Interception of Communications (4)
Policing and Technology (10)
Profiling (1)
Protecting Civic Spaces (8)
Protest Surveillance (10)
Public-Private surveillance partnerships (2)
Social Media Surveillance (2)
Who They Target (1)
(-) Mass Surveillance (45)
Examples (11)
News and Analysis (33)
Content type: Examples
New York Police Department expands surveillance post-9/11
The 20 years since the 9/11 attacks have fundamentally changed the way the New York Police Department operates, leading it to use facial recognition software, licence plate readers, and mobile X-ray vans, among other surveillance tools for both detecting and blocking potential terrorist attacks and solving minor crimes. Surveillance drones monitor mass protests, antiterrorism officers interrogate protesters, and the NYPD's Intelligence Division uses antiterror tactics against gang violence and…
US Department of Homeland Security deployed aerial surveillance during BLM protests
US Customs and Border Protection Data show that the Department of Homeland Security deployed helicopters, airplanes, and drones over 15 cities, including New York City, Buffalo, Dayton OH, and Philadelphia, where demonstrators assembled to protest the killing of George Floyd and collected at least 270 hours of video surveillance footage. That deployment, which sparked a congressional inquiry, was only part of a nationwide operation that repurposed resources usually sent to the US border to find…
San Francisco police department use private camera network to surveil BLM protests
According to records obtained under a freedom of information request, the San Francisco Police Department used the camera network belonging to downtown Union Square Improvement District to spy on protesters during the end of May and early June 2020. The high-definition cameras, manufactured by Motorola brand Avigilon, can zoom in on a person's face and are linked to a software analysis system. Motorola is expanding its tool lineup to make it easier for police to gain access to private cameras…
Activists sue San Francisco over use of private surveillance cameras in protests
Over 2020, EFF supported the right to protest without being surveilled by bringing lawsuits, offering protesters legal support, teaching protesters surveillance self-defence, and providing tools for people on the ground to use to determine what equipment their local police departments are using to spy on activists. Via public records requests, EFF discovered that the San Francisco Police Department gained access to over 400 cameras belonging to the Union Square Business Improvement District to…
US law enforcement have access to vast networks of surveillance cameras
When Dallas police posted on Twitter asking for videos of the protests taking place after George Floyd's killing, a flood of videos and images of K-pop stars were uploaded to its anonymous iWatch Dallas tip-off app. Law enforcement can call on vast numbers of networked cameras - from cars, food and retail chains that are typically willing to share with police, law enforcement agencies' own networks of surveillance and body cameras as well as object and face recognition software, protesters and…
Dataminr uses Twitter firehose access to inform law enforcement about protesters
Despite having promised in 2016 not to facilitate domestic surveillance, the AI startup Dataminr used its firehose access to Twitter to alert law enforcement to social media posts with the latest whereabouts and actions of demonstrators involved in the protests following the killing of George Floyd. Dataminr's investors include the CIA and, previously, Twitter itself. Twitter's terms of service ban software developers from tracking or monitoring protest events. Some alerts were sourced from…
Aerial data shows extensive US deployment of National Guard during BLM protests
New data emerged in January 2021 to show that the National Guard deployment of more than 43,350 troops during the nationwide demonstrations following the killing of George Floyd was far more extensive than had been realised, and far greater than the 6,200 troops deployed at the Capitol during the forewarned insurrection. At least 20 military surveillance and reconnaissance helicopters flew over protests in Philadelphia, Minneapolis, Atlanta, and Washington DC, raising concerns about the data…
US federal agents disproportionately monitor left-wing protesters on social media
Hundreds of emails and documents obtained in response to a freedom of information request by BuzzFeed News show that US federal agents monitored social media for information on planned Black Lives Matter demonstrations in Minneapolis, Washington DC, Los Angeles, and other cities. Researchers and activists (such as EFF) warned that technology-driven surveillance of protesters could set a dangerous precedent and chill assembly and speech, particularly in the case of Black Lives Matter. The…
US activists and Congressional Democrats demand Trump administration cease surveilling peaceful protesters
Human rights activists and Democratic members of the US Congress wrote to top law enforcement officials in the Trump administration to demand they cease surveilling Americans engaging in peaceful protests. Trump and others in his administration called those protesting the killing of George Floyd "domestic terrorists" and "anarchists". Recent efforts to surveil Americans have included facial recognition, automated licence plate readers, and Stingrays, as well as spy planes and drones. https://…
US police expand surveillance in response to Black Lives Matter protests
During the Black Lives Matter protests of summer 2020, US police took advantage of a lack of regulation and new technologies to expand the scope of people and platforms they monitor; details typically emerge through lawsuits, public records disclosures, and stories released by police department PR as crime prevention successes. A report from the Brennan Center for Justice highlights New York Police Department threats to privacy, freedom of expression, and due process and the use of a predator…
Saudis suspected of phone spying campaign in US
The whistleblower said they were unable to find any legitimate reason for the high volume of the requests for location information. "There is no other explanation, no other technical reason to do this. Saudi Arabia is weaponising mobile technologies," the whistleblower claimed. The data leaked by the whistleblower was also seen by telecommunications and security experts, who confirmed they too believed it was indicative of a surveillance campaign by Saudi Arabia. The data shows requests for…
A guide to FISA §1881a: The law behind it all
Simply put, the National Security Agency is an intelligence agency. Its purpose is to monitor the world's communications, which it traditionally collected by using spy satellites, taps on cables, and placing listening stations around the world. In 2008, by making changes to U.S. law, the U.S. Congress enabled the NSA to make U.S. industry complicit in its mission. No longer would the NSA have to rely only on international gathering points. It can now go to domestic companies who hold massive…
Why Do We Still Accept That Governments Collect And Snoop On Our Data?
This piece was written by Ashley Gorski, who is an attorney at the American Civil Liberties Union, and PI legal officer Scarlet Kim and originally appeared in The Guardian here. In recent weeks, the Hollywood film about Edward Snowden and the movement to pardon the NSA whistleblower have renewed worldwide attention on the scope and substance of government surveillance programs. In the United States, however, the debate has often been a narrow one, focused on the rights of Americans under…
How Bulk Interception Works
This week, Privacy International, together with nine other international human rights NGOs, filed submissions with the European Court of Human Rights. Our case challenges the UK government's bulk interception of internet traffic transiting fiber optic cables landing in the UK and its access to information similarly intercepted in bulk by the US government, which were revealed by the Snowden disclosures. To accompany our filing, we have produced two infographics to illustrate the complex process…
Privacy International and nine other human rights organizations pursue landmark case at European Court of Human Rights directly challenging UK and US mass surveillance revealed by Edward Snowden
Key points Privacy International, Liberty, Amnesty International, and seven other human rights organizations challenge UK mass surveillance and UK access to US mass surveillance at the European Court of Human Rights This is the first case before the European Court of Human Rights to directly challenge UK and US mass surveillance revealed by the Snowden disclosures National courts and oversight bodies have failed to rein in mass surveillance practices that impact hundreds of millions of…
Crypto Wars 2.0: Fear, Failure, and Feinstein
We already know that in some countries, like the UK, governments are drafting laws to legalise and legitimise their incredible surveillance powers. In the U.S. we are seeing legislation that is using remarkably similar language on encryption and surveillance. The next phase of the cryptowars has openly begun. Yesterday what is being called the Feinstein-Burr decryption Bill was introduced into the US Senate and leaked online. Whilst the short title 'Compliance with Court Orders Act of 2016'…
Even this redacted letter wouldn't happen under the Investigatory Powers Bill
On Tuesday (16th February 2016) Apple posted a message to their customers stating that the company had been ordered by the FBI to "make a new version of the iPhone operating system, circumventing several important security features, and install it on an iPhone recovered during the investigation." Apple are currently opposing this order. A fascinating debate is currently playing out in the media about whether Apple should comply with or resist the FBI's demands. Whatever your views are of this…
Two Years After Snowden, Governments Resist Calls To End Mass Surveillance
Governments must accept they have lost the debate over the legitimacy of mass surveillance and reform their oversight of intelligence gathering, Privacy International and Amnesty International said today in a briefing published two years after Edward Snowden blew the lid on US and UK intelligence agencies' international spying network. "The balance of power is beginning to shift," said Edward Snowden in an article published today in newspapers around the world. "With each court victory, with…
GCHQ-NSA intelligence sharing unlawful, says UK surveillance tribunal
British intelligence services acted unlawfully in accessing millions of people's personal communications collected by the NSA, the Investigatory Powers Tribunal ruled today. The decision marks the first time that the Tribunal, the only UK court empowered to oversee GHCQ, MI5 and MI6, has ever ruled against the intelligence and security services in its 15 year history. The Tribunal declared that intelligence sharing between the United States and the United Kingdom was unlawful prior to December…
It's Time for Our Governments to Stop Eavesdropping and Start Listening
Modern day government surveillance is based on the simple concept of "more is more" and "bigger is better". More emails, more text messages, more phone calls, more screenshots from Skype calls. The bigger the haystack, the more needles we can find. Thanks to Edward Snowden, we know that this fundamental idea drives intelligence agencies like the NSA and GCHQ - the desire to collect it all, to generate gigantic haystacks through which to trawl. In the almost two years since the first of Snowden…
Snowden Vindicated: The Truth About Raw Intelligence Sharing
Many people imagine intelligence sharing to be a practice whereby men in trench coats silently slide manilla envelopes containing anonymous tip-offs or intelligence reports marked TOP SECRET across tables in smoke-filled rooms. While such practices certainly exist, they represent only a tiny slice of intelligence sharing activities, and are vastly overshadowed by the massive exchange of bulk unanlysed (raw) intelligence data that takes place between the UK and its Five Eyes allies. It is this…
What to Know: GCHQ On Trial
From Monday 14 to Friday 18 July, the British intelligence agencies and the Ministers responsible for them will be under the spotlight in an historic case to determine whether GCHQ's mass communications surveillance activities are a violation of Britain's human rights obligations. Privacy International, along with Amnesty International, Liberty, the American Civil Liberties Union, Pakistani organisation Bytes for All and others, have brought the case before the Investigatory Powers Tribunal (…
There's No Good Reason for Spy Agencies to Snoop on Humanitarian Groups
3 June 2014 The following article written by Carly Nyst, Privacy International's Legal Director, originially appeared on the Future Tense blog on Slate: The news that the CIA is no longer using vaccination programs as a front for spying operations may come as a relief to many humanitarian workers. Yet their fears should not be completely assuaged, because the CIA's activities—which undoubtedly threatened the safety of humanitarian workers and those they seek to help—pale in comparison to the…
Intelligence Agencies And Workers' Rights: Political Surveillance At Its Worst
May Day serves as a timely reminder that across their history, intelligence services have targeted trade unions and other organisations working for progressive social change. Intelligence agencies have sought to justify expanded surveillance capabilities on the basis of pressing national security threats, particularly terrorism; however, as the Snowden revelations have highlighted, intelligence agencies actually often use these capabilities to monitor organisations that promote human rights,…
'Squeaky Dolphin' for sale: How surveillance companies are targeting social networks
The latest Snowden document revelation, which shows how GCHQ and the NSA are conducting broad, real-time monitoring of YouTube, Facebook, and Blogger using a program called "Squeaky Dolphin," is the most recent demonstration of the immense interception capabilities of intelligence services. Despite the program's cute name, "Squeaky Dolphin" is shocking in its ability to intercept raw data, which includes sensitive personal and location information, and keep tabs on people across the world who…
Obama's NSA reforms ignore real problem and leave foreigners unprotected
The reforms announced today, while positive in some respects, are completely inadequate to address the heart of the problem. Privacy International welcomes steps to minimise the data collected and retained on non-Americans, and the call to increase transparency around requests made to communications service providers. However, in the face of mass surveillance, unaccountable intelligence sharing, arbitrary expansions of the definition of 'national security', and debased encryption standards, all…
Not just the NSA: Surveillance company selling system to spy on mobile phones worldwide
Last week, we learned that the National Security Agency is gathering nearly 5 billion records a day on the whereabouts of mobile phones where ever they are in the world. The report from of the Washington Post, shows the extraordinary scale and reach of the NSA programs that attempt to know everything about us including our location, at any time. Unfortunately, a scaled down version of this system is also being sold by private surveillance contractors to the highest bidder. The company behind…
Despite Claims of 'Going Dark', Five Eyes More Powerful than Ever
The recent revelations, made possible by NSA-whistleblower Edward Snowden, of the reach and scope of global surveillance practices have prompted a fundamental re- examination of the role of intelligence services in conducting coordinated cross-border surveillance. The Five Eyes alliance of States – comprised of the United States National Security Agency (NSA), the United Kingdom's Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), Canada's Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC), the…
Privacy International files complaint with Australian spy authorities over Five Eyes data sharing
Privacy International today has filed a complaint with the Australian Inspector-General of Intelligence Security, calling for an immediate investigation into deeply troubling reports that the Australian intelligence services offered to violate the privacy rights of millions of citizens by handing over bulk metadata to its Five Eye partners. According to the leaked Five Eyes memo published in the Guardian on 2 December, the Australian Signals Directorate, during a meeting with the secretive…
Content type: Report
The recent revelations, made possible by NSA-whistleblower Edward Snowden, of the reach and scope of global surveillance practices have prompted a fundamental re-examination of the role of intelligence services in conducting coordinated cross-border surveillance. The Five Eyes alliance of States – comprised of the United States National Security Agency (NSA), the United Kingdom's Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), Canada's Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC), the…


If we want to follow Christ faithfully, we must be prepared to face animosity and persecution. Such hatred, Alistair Begg explains, shouldn't be provoked by obnoxious behavior on our part, which rightfully causes people to recoil. Instead, it arises in response to our allegiance to Christ. The Beatitudes assure us that while some will see believers as "losers" according to the world's values, Jesus promises us enduring joy.


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text:
Y. A. Tittle
Tittle c. 1960
No. 63, 64, 14
(1926-10-24)October 24, 1926
Marshall, Texas
October 8, 2017(2017-10-08) (aged 90)
Marshall (Marshall, Texas)
1948 / Round: 1 / Pick: 6
Baltimore Colts (1948–1950)
San Francisco 49ers (1951–1960)
New York Giants (1961–1964)
NFL Most Valuable Player (1963)
3× First-team All-Pro (1957, 1962, 1963)
Second-team All-Pro (1961)
7× Pro Bowl (1953, 1954, 1957, 1959, 1961–1963)
3× NFL passing touchdowns leader (1955, 1962, 1963)
NFL passer rating leader (1963)
NFL record 7 touchdown passes in a game (tied)
San Francisco 49ers Hall of Fame
New York Giants Ring of Honor
New York Giants No. 14 retired
2× First-team All-SEC (1946, 1947)
Career NFL[a] statistics
Rushing touchdowns:
Yelberton Abraham Tittle Jr. (October 24, 1926 – October 8, 2017) was a professional American football quarterback. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers, New York Giants, and Baltimore Colts, after spending two seasons with the Colts in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC).[b] Known for his competitiveness, leadership, and striking profile, Tittle was the centerpiece of several prolific offenses throughout his 17-year professional career from 1948 to 1964.
Tittle played college football for Louisiana State University, where he was a two-time All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) quarterback for the LSU Tigers football team. As a junior, he was named the most valuable player (MVP) of the infamous 1947 Cotton Bowl Classic—also known as the "Ice Bowl"—a scoreless tie between the Tigers and Arkansas Razorbacks in a snowstorm. After college, he was drafted in the 1947 NFL Draft by the Detroit Lions, but he instead chose to play in the AAFC for the Colts.
With the Colts, Tittle was named the AAFC Rookie of the Year in 1948 after leading the team to the AAFC playoffs. After consecutive one-win seasons, the Colts franchise folded, which allowed Tittle to be drafted in the 1951 NFL Draft by the 49ers. Through ten seasons in San Francisco, he was invited to four Pro Bowls, led the league in touchdown passes in 1955, and was named the NFL Player of the Year by the United Press in 1957. A groundbreaker, Tittle was part of the 49ers' famed Million Dollar Backfield, was the first professional football player featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated, and is credited with having coined "alley-oop" as a sports term.
Considered washed-up, the 34-year-old Tittle was traded to the Giants following the 1960 season. Over the next four seasons, he won several individual awards, twice set the league single-season record for touchdown passes, and led the Giants to three straight NFL championship games. Although he was never able to deliver a championship to the team, Tittle's time in New York is regarded among the glory years of the franchise.[3]
In his final season, Tittle was photographed bloodied and kneeling down in the end zone after a tackle by a defender left him helmetless. The photograph is considered one of the most iconic images in North American sports history. He retired as the NFL's all-time leader in passing yards, passing touchdowns, attempts, completions, and games played. Tittle was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1971, and his jersey number 14 is retired by the Giants.
Early years and college career
Born and raised in Marshall, Texas, to Alma Tittle (née Allen) and Yelberton Abraham Tittle Sr., Tittle aspired to be a quarterback from a young age. He spent hours in his backyard throwing a football through a tire swing, emulating his fellow Texan and boyhood idol, Sammy Baugh. Tittle played high school football at Marshall High School. In his senior year the team posted an undefeated record and reached the state finals.[4]
After a recruiting battle between Louisiana State University and the University of Texas, Tittle chose to attend LSU in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and play for the LSU Tigers.[5] He was part of a successful 1944 recruiting class under head coach Bernie Moore that included halfbacks Jim Cason, Dan Sandifer, and Ray Coates.[5] Freshmen were eligible to play on the varsity during World War II, so Tittle saw playing time immediately.[5] He later said the finest moment of his four years at LSU was beating Tulane as a freshman,[6] a game in which he set a school record with 238 passing yards.[7] It was one of two games the Tigers won that season.[6]
Moore started Tittle at tailback in the single-wing formation his first year, but moved him to quarterback in the T formation during his sophomore season.[8] As a junior in 1946, Tittle's three touchdown passes in a 41–27 rout of rival Tulane helped ensure LSU a spot in the Cotton Bowl Classic.[9] Known notoriously as the "Ice Bowl", the 1947 Cotton Bowl pitted LSU against the Arkansas Razorbacks in sub-freezing temperatures on an ice-covered field in Dallas, Texas. LSU moved the ball much better than the Razorbacks, but neither team was able to score, and the game ended in a scoreless tie. Tittle and Arkansas end Alton Baldwin shared the game's MVP award.[10] Following the season, United Press International (UPI) placed Tittle on its All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) first-team.[11]
UPI again named Tittle its first-team All-SEC quarterback in 1947.[12] In Tittle's day of iron man football, he played on both offense and defense. While on defense during a 20–18 loss to SEC champion Ole Miss in his senior season, Tittle's belt buckle was torn off as he intercepted a pass from Charlie Conerly and broke a tackle. He ran down the sideline with one arm cradling the ball and the other holding up his pants. At the Ole Miss 20-yard line, as he attempted to stiff-arm a defender,(#87 Jack Odom), Tittle's pants fell and he tripped and fell onto his face. The fall kept him from scoring the game-winning touchdown.[13][14]
In total, during his college career Tittle set school passing records with 162 completions out of 330 attempts for 2,525 yards and 23 touchdowns. He scored seven touchdowns himself as a runner.[7] His passing totals remained unbroken until Bert Jones surpassed them in the 1970s.[15]
Tittle with the Colts, depicted on his rookie card from 1950 Bowman Football
Tittle was the sixth overall selection of the 1948 NFL Draft, taken by the Detroit Lions.[16] However, Tittle instead began his professional career with the Baltimore Colts of the All-America Football Conference in 1948. That season, already being described as a "passing ace",[17] he was unanimously recognized as the AAFC Rookie of the Year by UPI after passing for 2,739 yards and leading the Colts to the brink of an Eastern Division championship.[8] After a 1–11 win–loss record in 1949, the Colts joined the National Football League in 1950. The team again posted a single win against eleven losses, and the franchise folded after the season due to financial difficulties.[18] Players on the roster at the time of the fold were eligible to be drafted in the next NFL draft.[19]
Tittle was then drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the 1951 NFL Draft after the Colts folded. While many players at the time were unable to play immediately due to military duties, Tittle had received a class IV-F exemption due to physical ailments, so he was able to join the 49ers roster that season.[20] In 1951 and 1952, he shared time at quarterback with Frankie Albert. In 1953, his first full season as the 49ers' starter, he passed for 2,121 yards and 20 touchdowns and was invited to his first Pro Bowl.[21] San Francisco finished with a 9–3 regular season record, which was good enough for second in the Western Conference, and led the league in points scored.[22]
In 1954, the 49ers compiled their Million Dollar Backfield, which was composed of four future Hall of Famers: Tittle; fullbacks John Henry Johnson and Joe Perry; and halfback Hugh McElhenny.[23][24] "It made quarterbacking so easy because I just get in the huddle and call anything and you have three Hall of Fame running backs ready to carry the ball," Tittle reminisced in 2006.[23] The team had aspirations for a championship run, but injuries, including McElhenny's separated shoulder in the sixth game of the season, ended those hopes and the 49ers finished third in the Western Division.[24][25] Tittle starred in his second straight Pro Bowl appearance as he threw two touchdown passes, including one to 49ers teammate Billy Wilson, who was named the game's MVP.[26]
Tittle on a 1954 trading card
Tittle became the first professional football player featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated when he appeared on its 15th issue dated November 22, 1954, donning his 49ers uniform and helmet featuring an acrylic face mask distinct to the time period.[24][27] The cover photo also shows a metal bracket on the side of Tittle's helmet which served to protect his face by preventing the helmet from caving in.[28] The 1954 cover was the first of four Sports Illustrated covers he graced during his career.[29]
Tittle led the NFL in touchdown passes for the first time in 1955, with 17, while also leading the league with 28 interceptions thrown.[4] When the 49ers hired Frankie Albert as head coach in 1956,[30] Tittle was pleased with the choice at first, figuring Albert would be a good mentor.[4] However, the team lost four of its first five games, and Albert replaced Tittle with rookie Earl Morrall. After a loss to the Los Angeles Rams brought San Francisco's record to 1–6, Tittle regained the starting role and the team finished undefeated with one tie through the season's final five games.[4][31]
In 1957, Tittle and receiver R. C. Owens devised a pass play in which Tittle tossed the ball high into the air and the 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Owens leapt to retrieve it, typically resulting in a long gain or a touchdown. Tittle dubbed the play the "alley-oop"—the first usage of the term in sports[32]—and it was highly successful when utilized.[33] The 49ers finished the regular season with an 8–4 record and hosted the Detroit Lions in the Western Conference playoff. Against the Lions, Tittle passed for 248 yards and tossed three touchdown passes—one each to Owens, McElhenny, and Wilson—but Detroit overcame a 20-point third quarter deficit to win 31–27.[34] For the season, Tittle had a league-leading 63.1 completion percentage, threw for 2,157 yards and 13 touchdowns, and rushed for six more scores. He was deemed "pro player of the year" by a United Press poll of members of the National Football Writers Association.[35][36] Additionally, he was named to his first All-Pro team and invited to his third Pro Bowl.[37][38]
After a poor 1958 preseason by Tittle, Albert started John Brodie at quarterback for the 1958 season, a decision that proved unpopular with the fan base.[4] Tittle came in to relieve Brodie in a week six game against the Lions, with ten minutes left in the game and the 49ers down 21–17. His appearance "drew a roar of approval from the crowd of 59,213," after which he drove the team downfield and threw a 32-yard touchdown pass to McElhenny for the winning score.[39] A right knee ligament injury against the Colts in week nine ended Tittle's season, and San Francisco finished with a 7–5 record, followed by Albert's resignation as coach.[4] Tittle and Brodie continued to share time at quarterback over the next two seasons.[4] In his fourth and final Pro Bowl game with the 49ers in 1959, Tittle completed 13 of 17 passes for 178 yards and a touchdown.[40]
Under new head coach Red Hickey in 1960, the 49ers adopted the shotgun formation.[41] The first implementation of the shotgun was in week nine against the Colts, with Brodie at quarterback while Tittle nursed a groin injury. The 49ers scored a season-high thirty points, and with Brodie in the shotgun won three of their last four games to salvage a winning season at 7–5.[4] Though conflicted, Tittle decided to get into shape and prepare for the next season. He stated in his 2009 autobiography that at times he thought, "The hell with it. Quit this damned game. You have been at it too long anyway." But then another voice within him would say, "Come back for another year and show them you're still a good QB. Don't let them shotgun you out of football!"[4] However, after the first preseason game of 1961, Hickey informed Tittle he had been traded to the New York Giants.[4]
In mid-August 1961, the 49ers traded the 34-year-old Tittle to the New York Giants for second-year guard Lou Cordileone.[42] Cordileone, the 12th overall pick in the 1960 NFL Draft, was quoted as reacting "Me, even up for Y. A. Tittle? You're kidding,"[24] and later remarked that the Giants traded him for "a 42-year-old quarterback."[43] Tittle's view of Cordileone was much the same, stating his dismay that the 49ers did not get a "name ballplayer" in return.[4][43] He was also displeased with being traded to the East Coast, and said he would rather have been traded to the Los Angeles Rams.[43]
Already considered washed up,[44] Tittle was intended by the Giants to share quarterback duties with 40-year-old Charlie Conerly, who had been with the team since 1948.[45] The players at first remained loyal to Conerly, and treated Tittle with the cold shoulder.[46][47] Tittle missed the season opener due to a back injury sustained before the season.[48] His first game with New York came in week two, against the Steelers, in which he and Conerly each threw a touchdown pass in the Giants' 17–14 win.[49] He became the team's primary starter for the remainder of the season and led the revitalized Giants to first place in the Eastern Conference.[50] The Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA) awarded Tittle its Jim Thorpe Trophy as the NFL's players' choice of MVP.[51][52] In the 1961 NFL Championship Game, the Giants were soundly defeated by Vince Lombardi's Green Bay Packers, as they were shut-out 37-0.[53] Tittle completed six of 20 passes in the game and threw four interceptions.[54]
In January 1962, Tittle stated his intention to retire following the 1962 season.[55] After an off-season quarterback competition with Ralph Guglielmi,[45] Tittle played and started in a career-high 14 games. He tied an NFL record by throwing seven touchdown passes in a game on October 28, 1962, in a 49–34 win over the Washington Redskins.[56][57] Against the Dallas Cowboys in the regular season finale, Tittle threw six touchdown passes to set the single-season record with 33, which had been set the previous year by Sonny Jurgensen's 32.[58] He earned player of the year honors from the Washington D.C. Touchdown Club,[59] UPI,[36] and The Sporting News,[60] and finished just behind Green Bay's Jim Taylor in voting for the AP NFL Most Valuable Player Award.[61] The Giants again finished first in the Eastern Conference and faced the Packers in the 1962 NFL Championship Game. In frigid, windy conditions at Yankee Stadium and facing a constant pass rush from the Packers' front seven, Tittle completed only 18 of his 41 attempts in the game. The Packers won, 16–7, with New York's lone score coming on a blocked punt recovered in the end zone by Jim Collier.[62]
Tittle returned to the Giants in 1963 and, at age 37, supplanted his single-season passing touchdowns record by throwing 36.[4][63] He broke the record in the final game with three touchdowns against the Steelers, three days after being named NFL MVP by the AP.[64] The Giants led the league in scoring by a wide margin, and for the third time in as many years clinched the Eastern Conference title.[63] The Western champions were George Halas' Chicago Bears. The teams met in the 1963 NFL Championship Game at Wrigley Field. In the second quarter, Tittle injured his knee on a tackle by Larry Morris, and required a novocaine shot at halftime to continue playing. After holding a 10–7 halftime lead, The Giants were shutout in the second half, during which Tittle threw four interceptions. Playing through the knee injury, he completed 11 of 29 passes in the game for 147 yards, a touchdown, and five interceptions as the Bears won 14–10.[65][66]
The following year in 1964, Tittle's final season, the Giants went 2–10–2 (.214), the worst record in the 14-team league.[67] In the second game of the year, against Pittsburgh, he was blindsided by defensive end John Baker.[68] The tackle left Tittle with crushed cartilage in his ribs, a cracked sternum, and a concussion.[4] However, he played in every game the rest of the season, but was relegated to a backup role later in the year.[44] After throwing only ten touchdowns with 22 interceptions, he retired after the season at age 39, saying rookie quarterback Gary Wood not only "took my job away, but started to ask permission to date my daughter."[44][69] Over 17 seasons as a professional, Tittle completed 2,427 out of 4,395 passes for 33,070 yards and 242 touchdowns, with 248 interceptions. He also rushed for 39 touchdowns.[70]
AAFC
14 12 161 289 55.7 2,522 8.7 16 9 90.3 52 157 3.0 4
11 7 148 289 51.2 2,209 7.6 14 18 66.8 29 89 3.1 2
12 7 161 315 51.1 1,884 6.0 8 19 52.9 20 77 3.9 2
12 1 63 114 55.3 808 7.1 8 9 68.2 13 18 1.4 1
12 5 106 208 51.0 1,407 6.8 11 12 66.3 11 −11 −1.0 0
11 10 149 259 57.5 2,121 8.2 20 16 84.1 14 41 2.9 6
12 11 170 295 57.6 2,205 7.5 9 9 78.7 28 68 2.4 4
12 12 147 287 51.2 2,185 7.6 17 28 56.6 23 114 5.0 0
9 4 69 127 54.3 694 5.5 4 3 70.8 10 61 6.1 0
NYG
13 13 221 367 60.2 3,145 8.6 36 14 104.8 18 99 5.5 2
14 11 147 281 52.3 1,798 6.4 10 22 51.6 15 −7 −0.5 1
Profile and playing style
Tittle has the attitude
of a high school kid, with
the brain of a computer.
—Frank Gifford
Tittle threw the ball from a sidearm, almost underhand position, something novel at those times, though it was common practice in earlier decades. It was this seemingly underhand style that drew the curiosity and admiration of many fans. This, in tandem with his baldness—for which he was frequently referred to as the "Bald Eagle"—made him a very striking personality.[47][71] Despite his throwing motion, he had a very strong and accurate arm with a quick release.[72] His ability to read defenses made him one of the best screen passers in the NFL.[73][74] He was a perfectionist and highly competitive, and he expected the same of his teammates. He possessed rare leadership and game-planning skills, and played with great enthusiasm even in his later years. "Tittle has the attitude of a high school kid, with the brain of a computer," said Giants teammate Frank Gifford.[47] Baltimore Colts halfback Lenny Moore, when asked in 1963 to compare Tittle and Colts quarterback Johnny Unitas, said:
I played with Tittle in the Pro Bowl two years ago, and I discovered he's quite a guy ... He and John, however, are entirely different types ... Tittle is a sort of 'con man' with his players ... he comes into a huddle and 'suggests' that maybe this or that will work on account of something he saw happen on a previous play ... The way he puts it, you're convinced it's a good idea and maybe it will work. John, now, he's a take-charge guy ... He tells you what the other guy's going to do, what he's going to do, and what he wants you to do.[75]
Tittle's most productive years came when he was well beyond his athletic prime. He credited his ability to improve with age to a feel for the game borne from years of league experience.[76] "If you could learn it by studying movies, a good, smart college quarterback could learn all you've got to learn in three weeks and then come in and be as good as the old heads," he told Sports Illustrated in 1963. "But they can't."[73]
At the time of his retirement, Tittle held the following NFL records:[44][77]
Career passing yards (28,339)
Career passing touchdowns (212)
Career pass attempts (3,817)
Career pass completions (2,118)
Passing touchdowns in a season (36)
Passing touchdowns in a game (7)
Career total offense (29,338)
Games played (176)
Tittle was the fourth player to throw seven touchdown passes in a game, when he did so in 1962 against the Redskins. He followed Sid Luckman (1943), Adrian Burk (1954), and George Blanda (1961). The feat has since been equaled by four more players: Joe Kapp (1969), Peyton Manning (2013), Nick Foles (2013), and Drew Brees (2015).[57] Tittle, Manning and Foles did it without an interception. His 36 touchdown passes in 1963 set a record which stood for over two decades until it was surpassed by Dan Marino in 1984;[78] as of 2016 it remains a Giants franchise record.[79]
Despite record statistics and three straight championship game appearances, Tittle was never able to deliver a title to his team.[3][80] His record as a starter in postseason games was 0–4. He threw four touchdown passes against 14 interceptions and had a passer rating of 33.8 in his postseason career, far below his regular season passer rating of 74.3.[70] Seth Wickersham, writing for ESPN The Magazine in 2014, noted the dichotomy in the 1960s between two of New York's major sports franchises: "... Gifford, Huff and Tittle, a team of Hall of Famers known for losing championships as their peers on the Yankees—with whom they shared a stadium, a city, and many rounds of drinks—became renowned for winning them."[81] The Giants struggled after Tittle's retirement, posting only two winning seasons from 1964 to 1980.[82]
He made seven Pro Bowls, four first-team All-Pro teams, and four times was named the NFL's Most Valuable Player or Player of the Year: in 1957[35] and 1962 by the UPI;[36] in 1961 by the NEA;[52] and in 1963 by the AP and NEA.[52][83] In a sports column in 1963, George Strickler for the Chicago Tribune remarked Tittle had "broken records that at one time appeared unassailable and he has been the hero of more second half rallies than Napoleon and the Harlem Globetrotters."[71] He was featured on four Sports Illustrated covers: three during his playing career and one shortly after retirement. His first was with the 49ers in 1954. With the Giants, he graced covers in November 1961,[84] and he was on the season preview issue for 1964; a two-page fold-out photo from the 1963 title game.[85][86] Tittle was on a fourth cover in August 1965.[87]
The trade of Tittle for Lou Cordileone is seen as one of the worst trades in 49ers history;[19][88] it is considered one of the best trades in Giants franchise history.[79][89] Cordileone played just one season in San Francisco.[88]
Famous photo
The photograph "immortalized Tittle in football lore as an image of the aging warrior who had finally fallen."[90]
A photo of a dazed Tittle in the end zone taken by Morris Berman of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette on September 20, 1964, is regarded among the most iconic images in the history of American sports and journalism.[91][92] Tittle, in his 17th and final season, was photographed helmet-less, bloodied and kneeling immediately after having been knocked to the ground by John Baker of the Pittsburgh Steelers and throwing an interception that was returned for a touchdown at the old Pitt Stadium. He suffered a concussion and cracked sternum on the play, but went on to play the rest of the season.[93]
Post-Gazette editors declined to publish the photo, looking for "action shots" instead, but Berman entered the image into contests where it took on a life of its own, winning a National Headliner Award.[91] It is regarded as having changed the way that photographers look at sports, having shown the power of capturing a moment of reaction. It became one of three photos to hang in the lobby of the National Press Photographers Association headquarters, alongside Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima and the Hindenburg disaster. A copy has hung in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.[94]
A similar photo by Dozier Mobley of the Associated Press, which shows Tittle looking forward rather than down, was published in the October 2, 1964, issue of Life magazine.[95] After at first having failed to see the appeal of the image, Tittle eventually grew to embrace it, putting the Mobley version on the back cover of his 2009 autobiography.[96] "That was the end of the road," he told the Los Angeles Times in 2008. "It was the end of my dream. It was over."[93] Pittsburgh player John Baker, who hit Tittle right before the picture was taken, ran for sheriff in his native Wake County, North Carolina in 1978, and used the photo as a campaign tool.[97] He was elected and went on to serve for 24 years.[98] Tittle also held a fundraiser to assist Baker in his bid for a fourth term in 1989.[99]
In recognition of his high school and college careers, respectively, Tittle was inducted to the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 1987[100] and the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame in 1972.[101]
Tittle was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame with its 1971 class, which included contemporaries Jim Brown, Norm Van Brocklin, the late Vince Lombardi, and former Giants teammate Andy Robustelli.[102] By virtue of his membership in the pro hall of fame, he was automatically inducted as a charter member of the San Francisco 49ers Hall of Fame in 2009.[103]
The Giants had originally retired the number 14 jersey in honor of Ward Cuff, but Tittle requested and was granted the jersey number by Giants owner Wellington Mara when he joined the team. It was retired again immediately following his retirement, and is now retired in honor of both players.[104] In 2010, Tittle became a charter member of the New York Giants Ring of Honor.[79][105]
After his retirement, he rejoined the 49ers staff and served as an assistant coach before being hired by the Giants in 1970 as a quarterback mentor.[106] During his NFL career, Tittle worked as an insurance salesman in the off-season.[73][107] After retiring, he founded his own company, Y. A. Tittle Insurance & Financial Services. Tittle appeared on the October 9, 1961 episode of To Tell the Truth as one of three challengers. Tittle claimed to be hair stylist-weekend pro wrestler Richard Smith. Tittle received one vote from the four Celebrity Panelists (Johnny Carson).
Until his death, Tittle resided in Atherton, California. His wife Minnette died in 2012. They had three sons: Michael, Patrick and John, and a daughter, Dianne Tittle de Laet.[108] Their daughter is a harpist and poet, and in 1995 she published a biography of her father titled Giants & Heroes: A Daughter's Memories of Y. A. Tittle.[109]
In his later life, Tittle suffered from severe dementia, which adversely affected his memory and limited his conversation to a handful of topics.[81] Tittle died on October 8, 2017, at a hospital in Stanford, California, of natural causes.[90]
List of 500-yard passing games in the National Football League
^ Statistics and records accumulated in the All-America Football Conference are not recognized by the NFL.[1][2]
^ Not to be confused with the better-known Baltimore Colts of the NFL, founded in 1953
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^ Ziegel, Vic (December 14, 1995). "Daughter's book was a true labor of love". Star-News. p. 2C. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
Cavanaugh, Jack (2008). Giants Among Men: The Smartest Football Team There Ever Was. Random House. ISBN 978-1588366979.
De Laet, Dianne (1995). Giants & heroes: a daughter's memories of Y. A. Tittle. University of Michigan: Steerfoth Press.
Maiocco, Matt (2013). San Francisco 49ers: Where Have You Gone? Joe Montana, Y. A. Tittle, Steve Young, and Other 49ers Greats. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1613215722.
Schwartz, Paul; Mara, Wellington (2011). Tales from the New York Giants Sideline: A Collection of the Greatest Giants Stories Ever Told. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1613210321.
Tittle, Y.A.; Clark, Kristine Setting (2009). Nothing Comes Easy. Triumph Books. ISBN 978-1-60078-210-7.
Y. A. Tittle at the Pro Football Hall of Fame
Career statistics and player information from NFL.com · Pro Football Reference ·
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Y. A. Tittle.
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Pevey
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Broussard
Ensminger
Woodley
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Wickersham
Hodson
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Daigle
Nall
Davey
Mauck
Clausen
Perrilloux
J. Lee
Mettenberger
Etling
San Francisco 49ers starting quarterbacks
Frankie Albert (1946–1952)
Y. A. Tittle (1951–1960)
Jim Powers (1953)
Jim Cason (1954)
Earl Morrall (1956)
John Brodie (1957–1973)
Lamar McHan (1963)
Bob Waters (1963)
George Mira (1964–1967)
Steve Spurrier (1967, 1969, 1972–1973, 1975)
Joe Reed (1973–1974)
Tom Owen (1974–1975)
Dennis Morrison (1974)
Norm Snead (1974–1975)
Jim Plunkett (1976–1977)
Scott Bull (1976, 1978)
Steve DeBerg (1978–1980)
Joe Montana (1979–1990)
Matt Cavanaugh (1984–1985)
Jeff Kemp (1986)
Mike Moroski (1986)
Steve Young (1987–1999)
Bob Gagliano (1987)
Steve Bono (1991)
Elvis Grbac (1995–1996)
Jim Druckenmiller (1997)
Ty Detmer (1998)
Steve Stenstrom (1999)
Jeff Garcia (1999–2003)
Tim Rattay (2003–2005)
Ken Dorsey (2004–2005)
Alex Smith (2005–2007, 2009–2012)
Cody Pickett (2005)
Trent Dilfer (2007)
Shaun Hill (2007–2009)
Chris Weinke (2007)
J. T. O'Sullivan (2008)
Troy Smith (2010)
Colin Kaepernick (2012–2016)
Blaine Gabbert (2015–2016)
Brian Hoyer (2017)
C. J. Beathard (2017–2018, 2020)
Jimmy Garoppolo (2017–present)
Nick Mullens (2018, 2020)
Trey Lance (2021)
New York Giants starting quarterbacks
Jack McBride (1925, 1932)
Hinkey Haines (1926–1928)
Bruce Caldwell (1928)
Benny Friedman (1929–1931)
Hap Moran (1931–1932)
Red Smith (1931)
Harry Newman (1933–1934)
Ed Danowski (1935–1939)
Tony Sarausky (1936)
Eddie Miller (1940)
Tuffy Leemans (1941–1943)
Emery Nix (1943)
Frank Filchock (1946)
Paul Governali (1947–1948)
Charlie Conerly (1948–1961)
Travis Tidwell (1950–1951)
Tom Landry (1952)
Arnold Galiffa (1953)
Bob Clatterbuck (1954)
Don Heinrich (1955–1959)
George Shaw (1959–1960)
Gary Wood (1964, 1966)
Earl Morrall (1965–1966)
Tom Kennedy (1966)
Randy Johnson (1971–1973)
Norm Snead (1972–1974, 1976)
Craig Morton (1974–1976)
Joe Pisarcik (1977–1979)
Jerry Golsteyn (1977–1978)
Randy Dean (1978)
Phil Simms (1979–1981, 1984–1993)
Scott Brunner (1980–1983)
Jeff Rutledge (1983, 1987)
Mike Busch (1987)
Jim Crocicchia (1987)
Jeff Hostetler (1988–1992)
Kent Graham (1992, 1994, 1998–1999)
Dave Brown (1994–1997)
Danny Kanell (1997–1998)
Kerry Collins (1999–2003)
Jesse Palmer (2003)
Kurt Warner (2004)
Eli Manning (2004–2019)
Geno Smith (2017)
Daniel Jones (2019–2021)
Colt McCoy (2020)
Mike Glennon (2021)
Jake Fromm (2021–present)
Y. A. Tittle—awards and honors
1948 NFL Draft first-round selections
Harry Gilmer
Skip Minisi
Bobby Layne
Lowell Tew
Vaughn Mancha
Earl Girard
Clyde Scott
Dan Edwards
Max Bumgardner
Jim Spavital
Detroit Lions first-round draft picks
Pingel
Thomason
Sinkwich
Dellastatious
G. Davis
H. Sewell
Cassady
Pietrosante
Hadl
Nowatzke
McCullouch
Dorney
B. Sims
J. Williams
L. Brown
R. Rogers
Porcher
Elliss
Hartings
McDougle
C. Rogers
K. Jones
M. Williams
E. Sims
Cherilus
Pettigrew
Ansah
Ebron
J. Davis
Ragnow
Hockenson
Okudah
P. Sewell
Kyle Rote
Leon Heath
Bob Gain
Jerry Groom
Ebert Van Buren
Chet Mutryn
Butch Avinger
Billy Stone
Bud McFadin
Gene Schroeder
Ken Konz
San Francisco 49ers first-round draft picks
Stolhandske
Faloney
Moegle
Morrall
Kilmer
Spurrier
Banaszek
Kwalick
G. Washington
Sandifer
MacAfee
Bunz
Stuckey
T. Washington
Druckenmiller
McQuarters
McGrew
Plummer
A. Carter
Ale. Smith
V. Davis
Balmer
Iupati
Ald. Smith
Armstead
McGlinchey
Kinlaw
Aiyuk
Associated Press NFL Most Valuable Player Award winners
1957: J. Brown
1961: Hornung
1962: J. Taylor
1966: Starr
1971: Page
1972: L. Brown
1977: Payton
1979: Campbell
1980: Sipe
1982: Moseley
1983: Theismann
1985: Allen
1986: L. Taylor
1988: Esiason
1991: Thomas
1993: Smith
1997: Favre & Sanders
1998: Davis
2000: Faulk
2003: Manning & McNair
2005: Alexander
2006: Tomlinson
2011: Rodgers
2012: Peterson
2015: Newton
2018: Mahomes
2019: Jackson
NFL annual passing touchdowns leaders
1955: Rote & Tittle
1975: Ferguson & Tarkenton
1982: Bradshaw, Fouts & Montana
2000: Culpepper & Manning
2014: Luck
2017: Wilson
NFL quarterbacks with a perfect passer rating game
Ray Mallouf
Sammy Baugh
Len Dawson
Sonny Jurgensen
Johnny Unitas
Don Meredith
Craig Morton (2)
Fran Tarkenton
Daryle Lamonica
Dick Shiner
Bob Lee
James Harris
Ken Anderson
Jim Hart
Dan Fouts
Scott Hunter
Steve Grogan
Brian Sipe
Bob Griese
Vince Evans
Dave Krieg (2)
Ken O'Brien (2)
Rich Gannon
Bobby Hebert
Mick Buck
Craig Erickson
Kurt Warner (3)
Peyton Manning (4)
Doug Flutie
Trent Green
Ben Roethlisberger (4)
Tom Brady (3)
Robert Griffin III
Nick Foles
Geno Smith
Marcus Mariota
Jared Goff
Lamar Jackson (2)
Names in bold are still active
New York Giants retired numbers
1 Ray Flaherty
4 Tuffy Leemans
7 Mel Hein
10 Eli Manning
11 Phil Simms
14 Ward Cuff
14 Y. A. Tittle
16 Frank Gifford
32 Al Blozis
40 Joe Morrison
42 Charlie Conerly
50 Ken Strong
56 Lawrence Taylor
92 Michael Strahan
Jessie Armstead
Tiki Barber
Al Blozis
Rosey Brown
Harry Carson
Charlie Conerly
Pete Gogolak
Jim Lee Howell
Sam Huff
Tuffy Leemans
Dick Lynch
Jack Mara
Tim Mara
Wellington Mara
Joe Morrison
Steve Owen
Andy Robustelli
Ken Strong
Bob Tisch
Amani Toomer
Emlen Tunnell
Carl Banks
Dave Jennings
Brad Van Pelt
Alex Webster
John Johnson
Jack Lummus
Chris Snee
Ernie Accorsi
Justin Tuck
Pro Football Hall of Fame Class of 1971
Jim Brown
Bill Hewitt
Bruiser Kinard
Norm Van Brocklin
Members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame
S. Young
F. Harris
Speedie
Faneca
A. Shell
J. Slater
D. Slater
C. Harris
Polamalu
D. Shell
C. Woodson
R. Woodson
Cowher
E. Sabol
S. Sabol
Tagliabue
G. Young
Baltimore Colts (1947–1950) players
Deaths from dementia
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
LSU Tigers football players
National Football League Most Valuable Player Award winners
National Football League players with retired numbers
Neurological disease deaths in California
New York Giants players
People from Atherton, California
People from Marshall, Texas
Players of American football from Texas
San Francisco 49ers players
Western Conference Pro Bowl players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Trump reveals he will deport 2 to 3 million undocumented immigrants after building wall
WASHINGTON, D.C. - NOVEMBER 10: President-elect Donald Trump speaks during a meeting with House Speaker Paul Ryan (R-WI) at the U.S. Capitol November 10, 2016 in Washington, DC. Earlier in the day president-elect Trump met with U.S. President Barack Obama at the White House. (Photo by Zach Gibson/Getty Images) (2016 Getty Images)
President-elect Donald Trump said Sunday that in addition to building a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border, he plans to immediately deport or incarcerate 2 million to 3 million people in the country illegally who are "criminal and have criminal records, gang, members, drug dealers."
He spoke with Lesley Stahl on CBS's "60 Minutes" in an interview that aired Sunday night.
"After the border is secure and after everything gets normalized, we're going to make a determination on the people that they're talking about who are terrific people, they're terrific people but we are gonna make a determination at that. But before we make that determination," he said.
Such a promise was directly at odds with House Speaker Paul Ryan, who told CNN's "State of the Union" earlier on Sunday that the president-elect "is not planning on erecting a deportation force."
"I think we should put people's minds at ease" on mass deportation because the top priority is really border security, Ryan said.
In the CBS interview, Trump also said that he would accept a fence in some places along the border.
"For certain areas I would, but certain areas, a wall is more appropriate. I'm very good at this, it's called construction."
Trump campaigned on a vow to build a wall and make Mexico pay for it. He also has insisted he will deport all 11 million people in the country illegally, with exceptions.
Get the latest updates from the 2024 campaign trail, exclusive interviews and more Fox News politics content.
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Washington, D.C. – As Democrats prepare to take the House Majority in January, three Democratic Committee leaders, whose committees have jurisdiction over climate change, announced today that their committees will hold a series of hearings over a two-day period early next year to assess the effects of climate change and the need for action.
The announcement was made by Energy and Commerce Ranking Member Frank Pallone, Jr. (D-NJ), Natural Resources Ranking Member Raúl M. Grijalva (D-AZ) and Science, Space and Technology Ranking Member Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX).
While past Republican Congresses have long ignored climate change, Democrats will examine the threats identified in several recent landmark reports from the National Academies, the World Health Organization, and the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which detailed a risk of extreme crisis as early as 2040. The Committees will also explore how other countries and state and local governments are addressing climate change at a time when the Trump administration has pulled out of the Paris Agreement and rolled back the Clean Power Plan.
The United Nations report released in October predicts severe ecological and economic disruption if countries do not adopt more aggressive action to curtail emissions. The report detailed a risk of extreme crisis as early as 2040, including worsening wildfires, food shortages, and mass die-off of coral reefs, with estimated damage as high as $54 billion.


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Home Home Border Patrol Shifted to Hospital Watch & Driving Illegal Aliens Around
Border Patrol Shifted to Hospital Watch & Driving Illegal Aliens Around
S.Noble
In a press release posted late Wednesday night, U.S. Customs and Border Protection announced that 750 border agents have been pulled from their posts at the ports of entry in California, Arizona, and Texas, in order to provide humanitarian care for the flood of illegal aliens coming across the border, including "hospital watch and transportation."
A top Border Patrol official announced on Wednesday that they have now reached the breaking point, and are on track to apprehend over 100,000 illegal aliens in the month of March alone.
Secretary Nielsen sent a letter yesterday to Congress begging them to help.
#CBP's Office of Field Operations is temporarily re-assigning up to 750 CBP officers to Border Patrol Sectors that are confronting the unprecedented humanitarian and border security crisis on the Southwest border. More here: https://t.co/XsZ7mxXkzt pic.twitter.com/LEpymFoLZg
— CBP (@CBP) March 28, 2019
The gates are wide open for criminals and terrorists. Even Obama's DHS Chief says it's a crisis.
Tom Homan summarizes the horror.
EVIL OMAR, THE LITTLE TYRANT
While this is going on, the evil little Omar is condemning Americans.
Democrats [socialists] like Omar are saying there is no crisis at the border while they blame Trump for the crisis at the border. Omar is condemning the so-called treatment of the invaders while she and her fellow Democrats won't give Trump the resources to do something about it.
She is not alone. The other day, Joe Biden said English jurisprudence is white culture. The rule of law, that which protects all of us, is not white culture. It is what Democrats do when they don't want us to give them a good argument.
This is abhorrent and inhumane.
It's without a doubt a reflection of what white nationalism is doing to our country. As a country, we have to acknowledge that this is how people are being treated here and decide that we are better and we must do better. https://t.co/5YNAJFNZo7
— Ilhan Omar (@IlhanMN) March 28, 2019
THEY'RE RELEASED BY THE TENS OF THOUSANDS
This year 75,000, then 87,000, and 24,000 anonymous people were released, never to be seen again. Over the next few days, Border Patrol will release about 5,600 into the Rio Grande Valley because there is no place to put them.
#BORDERNEWS 'Mother of all caravans' forming in Honduras according to Honduran Federal Interior Secretary Olga Sanchez Cordero."We are aware of a new caravan is forming that they're calling the mother of all caravans which could be more than 20,000 people,"https://t.co/mfS4xG8NhP pic.twitter.com/xNwAcPWkRl
— Sydney Hernandez (@SydneyKGBT) March 28, 2019
This is what CBP is doing in lieu of protecting our nation. The photo below is lovely, but while he is doing this, criminals can just walk across the border anywhere. Excuse me, we don't have a border and this isn't a country.
#BORDERNEWS This isn't something you hear everyday! Border Patrol agents in Eagle Pass took shifts taking care of a 1-yr-old when her pregnant mother was taken to a hospital after entering the U.S. illegally. The Honduran woman was reunited with her babygirl after being processed pic.twitter.com/LLByH8Lj2j
DEMOCRATS WANT CRIMINALS TO REMAIN IN THE USA
Democrats don't care about the citizens, and some Republicans too. A prime example is what was just done in New York.
A small change in New York's criminal law will enable thousands of illegal immigrants and green-card holders to stay. They won't be deported, detained or denied citizenship, officials said Friday.
Gov. Cuomo and the state Legislature agreed to reduce the maximum jail sentence for some Class A misdemeanors from 365 days to 364. Keep in mind that these types of misdemeanors are in almost every case plea-bargained down from a felony.
A year in jail can lead to deportation and this is Cuomo's run-around.
He wants — Democrats want — criminal illegal aliens to remain in the United States.
The change will "protect thousands of New Yorkers from these unnecessary, harsh immigration consequences," the lunatic hard-left Immigration Defense Project said.
This is just one of the many ways, Democrats show they want to keep illegal aliens here, even criminals. They are replacing the U.S. population with a more easily manipulated one. Eventually, these criminals vote and influence our policies to suit them.
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Many of us compete in our daily lives. Some people strive for attention, some for a promotion, and many for the best parking spot at the grocery store. But the subject of today's blog is based on formal competitions. Situations when we actually enter a contest to be ranked or judged for a prize.
For most people the experience lies in being a competitor, either by challenging a timed event or exceeding the formalized standards of a professional judge. My children spend their summer days exercising, grooming, and caring for their livestock with the primary goal of, in one person's opinion, be chosen a winner.
Although I have had my fair shares of prize winning moments, today's blog will focus on the other side of the coin. The art of competition begins with the creator or originator. And after a number of years of coordinating everything from llama shows to olive oil judging there are simply five keys to success.
Having perfect knowledge or being an expert of the subject matter is not near as important as knowing how a competition works. Failure exists when the originator of the contest doesn't properly plan and prepare. Preparation on the front end sets the stage for triumphant outcome. Over the years it always amuses me when I talk about my jobs in the event or competition arena. One of the most common questions is, "What do you do the rest of the year?" Trust me it takes many months, sometimes years to develop the fabulous five minutes of fame created for a competition.
The single most important element is organization. One must be able to develop a timeline, organize the entries, prepare them for judging, and facilitate the outcome. Lack of structure will haunt you through the judging process. As participation increases so must your desire to establish order and simplicity. Those who loose site of organization will have the ghosts of the disappointed exhibitors howling the hallways for months following the event.
I sat in as a guest judge during a flight. My ability to judge wine ranks right up there with my knack to play golf. Neither of them do I keep score, I just focus on my highlights!
As I noted in the first key to success, you don't have to be an expert in the field, but you must hire an expert to judge the contest. Sometimes it may require having an expert on staff to facilitate questions during judging. For example for the Central Coast Wine Competition we hire a Chief Judge. He does not judge, but insure that all wines are entered in proper class; wines are presented properly to the judges and resolve any issues the panel may experience. However, lacking a professional judge can cause a fiasco and outrage that could severely damage or cripple your event. If you are unsure of who is qualified, seek out other similar type events and ask for recommendations. A few hours searching the internet will pay off in the long run.
The last two points go hand in hand. Not only is it extremely important to properly award the contestants, but to recognize them publicly. There is no greater disappointment than to be recognized a winner, then due to a clerical error have the award recalled. Proof, proof and double proof your result. Then share the good news with the world. In today's world of social media it should take less than a spilt second to alert your followers of the results. Not only will you excite your participants, but provide you an opportunity to thank your sponsors and the key people that made the show a success.
So why did I choose this topic. Well after many hours working competitions it has come to my attention that seldom does one realize what goes into the creation of the contest. It is emotionally, mentally and sometimes physically exhausting to compete for an award. But stop and think of the people who put on the competition; I can guarantee that they have also had their roller coaster of emotions, thoughts and work. And what ever amount of time you spent preparing to compete they have spent double, maybe even triple the hours preparing.
So the next time you are in the contest ring, take a moment and thank the help, appreciate the award (no matter how big or small) and just remember someone put their heart and soul into creating the competition.


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Prime Living is greater Houston's affluent authority. For those who know that life's greatest pleasure is the luxury of choice. We're here to help these individuals make the best choices they can make to enhance their lives.
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Irony — a state of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary to what one expects.
Thanksgiving is just a few short hours behind us. Thanksgiving is perhaps my favorite holiday. I like the simplicity that surrounds our traditions. We gather around a meal and publically declare our gratitude for our blessings.
My family's traditions have changed as the years have marched past. I used to attempt to recreate the Thanksgiving of my childhood. Of course, it was nearly impossible since I had a beautiful Granny and her daughters who cooked enough food to feed a small nation. My Slifer family is a pretty large clan– so the amount was just right. When Kelly joined the Air Force and our children came along, I felt they needed that experience even if we couldn't be physically present with the clan.
Our journey took us to Turkey. There I saw real poverty up close for the first time. Cemile taught me the true meaning of a feast. To her mind, Americans feasted every single meal and every single day. She was shocked at how food we wasted. Shocked that we would only use the best bits — and toss the rest. She regularly took home the odd scrap from my kitchen and would turn it into a dish.
It shamed me. But it didn't immediately change my ways when it came to the holiday.
Fast forward a decade, and I finally felt at peace with my Thanksgiving. It is more about a simple meal, prepared as much in advance as possible, joyfully shared, and eaten with true gratitude.
I see other families with their huge elaborate meals and wonder, "Are they grateful or tired? Joyful or stressed out?" I don't know. I don't probe and pry. However, I suspect the answer can be found the next morning. The irony is that Thanksgiving is now just a prepatory pause before Black Friday and the Holiday Shopping Frenzy.
I, therefore, continue in my boycot of Black Friday, Small Business Saturday, and Cyber Monday. I have quietly opted out of feeling entitled to a good deal. Instead I will carry the gratitude of Thanksgiving into the expectation of Advent and further into the joy of Christmastide.
I celebrated my 48th birthday this week. It was a good day: full of love, many birthday greetings, a few lovely gifts, and plenty of time for reflection. Among my favorite treats this year were a Hershey Almond bar, a stylus that looks like a pencil, and a new birdfeeder. All three were chosen by those who know me best and know what makes my heart flutter with happiness.
As I was driving, you'll notice I do a lot of thinking while driving –and some day maybe I'll look into whether that is a good thing or a bad thing, I was enjoying the landscape of the place I call home. I've been driving these same roads for almost 18 years now. I know these fields, streams, woods, and houses. I notice when something changes. In that respect, the damage caused to the land by the tornado of March 2, 2012 was more heartbreaking to me than the damage to my own home.
There are long stretches of field and wood that are balm to my soul. There are fences, of course, but they are "country fences." Boundaries created to keep something in . . . cattle, dogs, goats, and sheep. They are boundaries we put up because we care. We care about the well-being of the animals and we care about the well-being of our neighbors. These are mostly made of welded wire, barbed wire, and cattle panels. You can see through the boundary. Your eye still takes in glory of creation.
Our little place has just such a boundary. Opal has a huge fenced in yard that comes right off our deck. It protects her from cars, other dogs, wolves, and coyotes. It also protects the man on the bike, our chickens, and the occasional walker. Opal knows that inside the boundary she is safe and so she is happy. She is even happier when the gate is opened and we call her. She knows that going outside the fence is a treat.
So anyway, as I was driving along and thinking about these things, I came upon a new fence. Not a country fence. This was an obstruction — probably 8 feet high, made of boards, and being painted gray. It doesn't belong. It clearly shouts "Go Away!" It is designed to keep something out. Not because they care about the welfare of their neightbor, but because they either fear their neighbor, or because they believe the land belongs to them alone. Or perhaps they foolishly believe the fence will protect them.
The fence saddens me. Now my eye is distracted by the obstruction. I can no longer gaze out over the field and the woods. It disrupts my drive and my contemplations. Perhaps in time I will learn to ignore the fence. But, I hope not. I believe there is a lesson for me in the fence.
Flux is such an interesting word. I love the way it feels in my mouth. It just sort of rolls around and then exits. I sort of wonder if that is how the archaic meaning took form. If you don't know the archaic meaning, it has to do with the expulsion of body waste. Yeah . . . that.
Flowing or flowing out suits my feeling today. November is such a melancholy month. I seem to be more introspective this time of year. I'm preparing for my birthday, Thanksgiving, and then Advent/Christmastide. I've always thought that the swiftness of this time of year contributes to my desire to look inside, take stock, and evaluate.
Mostly, I like what I see. I own who I am. I am not who I was. I am still becoming.
My church teaches that we are always growing into who we already are. Always growing into our baptism, always becoming the saint we already are.
Today during yoga, I noticed that my practice has a more natural flow to it than in days ( weeks, months, years) past. There is no hurry, no competition, no struggle. Just me and my mat, flowing, evolving, growing, changing. Yoga is good for my body. Yoga is good for my soul.
Anyway, as I was noticing that my breath and movement were in harmony, I was thinking about all changes that have brought me to today. To a new blog, a new church home, a new appreciation that I am not defined and limited by how those who only know me "from back then" or from those who choose not to see who I have become.
or who I am becoming . . .
So part of my world will be the Grace to let others be who they are. No judging, no expectations, no holding them to the past. Grace enough to love through the hurt; Grace enough to extend forgiveness; Grace enough to love without measure; Grace enough to realize you too are becoming . . .
Inspiration — the process of being mentally stimulated to do something, especially something creative.
I was having one of those days, you know, the days when you realize that something is holding you back. You can't quite put your finger on it, but it is there gnawing at your mind. Begging you to take an honest look and identify what is causing this bubbling, brewing fit of melancholy.
Before I had time to properly process all this I had to leave the house. I put my favorite playlist on my phone and bopped on down the road. The pickup truck was purring (which is unusual, normally it is clanking), the sun was shining, and I was singing along with Five for Fighting.
The song World is probably one of my all time favorites. It moves me. Tears, laughter, joy, desire . . . all these emotions from one song. So as I was singing along, and according to lyrics below getting a word wrong, I put my finger on my problem. I knew what I needed to leave behind. I knew where I wanted to go.
My truest, simplest, most authentic self was asking for a new platform from which to speak.
So, here I am at a new blog, named for a line (that I've been singing wrong) in a song that speaks to me.
What kind of world do I want? Let's find out. I'm starting at the start. I'm building my own masterpiece.


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8 Things You Didn't Know About Heath Ledger
➡ Check out Heath Ledger Entry at Super Stars Bio
It's been 13 years since Heath Ledger died, and we've never stopped wondering what he could have accomplished. Heath Ledger was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his heartbreaking performance as Ennis Del Mar in Brokeback Mountain, and after his death, he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in The Dark Knight.
There were many stories or facts about Heath that the public was unaware of. Let's take a look at some of them down below.
1. Chess Player
Heath Ledger's talents extended beyond acting; chess was one of his favorite pastimes as a child and occasionally as an adult. Heath Ledger's childhood interest was chess tournaments, and as an adult, he enjoyed playing against strangers in New York's Washington Square Park.
2. Aspired To Play "Batman"
Heath aspired to be Batman. Heath Ledger may have played the greatest Joker of all time, but he aspired to be Batman just like everyone else. He wanted to play the Dark Knight when auditions for that role opened, but he ended up playing the Joker.
3. Obsessed With Nick Drake
Nick Drake was a British singer/songwriter who died in 1974 at the age of 26 from an antidepressant overdose. One of his final artistic statements was a music video he directed and starred in for Drake's song "Black Eyed Dog." With Nick Drake. [1]
4. True Deterministic Actor
Heath locked himself in his hotel room for 43 days during the filming of Dark Knight to get into character. To perfect the lunatic Joker, he wanted to feel isolated and alone with his thoughts. He was completely immersed in this role, preparing himself with zeal. In his solitude, he frequently experimented with different voices to suit the Joker's character. We also heard the iconic laugh with that voice. [2]
5. Named After A Novel's Character
Heath Andrew Ledger, the unusual first name inspired by a character in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights, was Heath Ledger's birth name. While Heath was named after the novel's antihero, Heathcliff, his sister was named Catherine after the novel's heroine, Catherine.
6. Choreographed a 60-Person Dance Routine
Heath Ledger's charisma shone through as a teen in Australia, when he persuaded 60 fellow students from his all-boys school to compete in a nationwide high school dance competition. Ledger, who also served as choreographer, claimed he only suggested entering the competition to get out of school and meet girls, but his troupe ended up winning.
7. First And Final Role Was As A Clown
His first and final roles in the film industry were both as clowns. His first film role was as an uncredited clown in the 1992 film Clowning Around. [3]
8. His Directorial Debut Was About To Start Before Death
Just before his death, the Dark Knight star was working on a project that would combine two of his lesser-known hobbies: filmmaking and chess. The Queen's Gambit, based on Walter Tevis' novel about a drug-addicted chess prodigy, was to be Ledger's directorial debut.
About the Editorial Staff
Editorial Staff at Super Stars Bio is a team of experts writers, journalists, led by Mairaj Pirzada. Trusted by over 1 million readers & celebrity fans worldwide.
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Home Forums > Specialty > Neurology >
Caution Urged When Switching between Generic Antiepileptic Drugs
Discussion in 'Neurology' started by neo_star, Feb 3, 2013.
neo_star Moderator
Caution Urged When Switching between Generic Antiepileptic Drugs [TABLE]
[TD="width: 100%"] S. Andrew Josephson[/TD]
The development of generic drugs has led to substantial savings for millions of patients in the United States. Generic formulations of epilepsy medications are widely used, but concerns remain among some physicians and their patients that switches from brand name to generic formulations or between generic drugs lead to increased side effects and breakthrough seizures. There are more than 150 generic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) approved through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) process; ANDA approves proposed generic formulations if it can be proven that they provide plasma concentrations similar to brand name drugs. A recent study (Krauss et al., 2011) aimed to examine the accuracy of generic AED copies in bioequivalence studies using FDA data regarding approved generic AED drugs obtained via the Freedom of Information Act.
The authors examined 141 generic AED products studied in 258 bioequivalence studies. A total of 251 of the studies (N = 7125) included demographic data demonstrating a male predominance (78%) and a mainly young age group studied, with a mean age of 31.9 years and only 44 patients (0.7%) who were >65 years. Zero patients under the age of 18 were included in these studies. Ethnic breakdown of the participants included 54% Caucasian, 26% Asian, 9.7% Black, and 3.1% Hispanic.
The authors found that the generic and brand name AED formulations had very similar total drug delivery as measured by area under the plasma concentration time curve calculated to the last measured concentration (AUC[SUB]o-t[/SUB]); this value differed by <15% in 98.8% of the studies examined. Peak drug concentrations differed by <15% in 89% of the studies examined.
The authors then examined 595 pairs of generic AED products that were tested at the same doses in order to simulate switching between 2 generic formulations of an AED. The authors found that 85 (14.3%) of these pairs had an estimated AUC[SUB]o-t[/SUB] that differed by 15""25% and 14 (2.4%) had an estimated AUC[SUB]o-t[/SUB] that differed by >25%, indicating pharmacokinetic variability that could lead to meaningful clinical effects. Peak plasma concentration differed by >15% for 39% of the pairs. Those AEDs such as oxcarbazepine with low solubility and bioavailability exhibited the greatest variability in bioequivalence.
This interesting study has broad implications for both future research and current practice. Further studies are needed moving forward as to the effects of switching from one generic medication to another, as well as switching between brand name and generic AEDs. The studies to date are remarkably homogeneous in their populations tested and exclude the elderly, pediatric populations, and many ethnic minorities who may have distinct pharmacokinetic responses to these medications. For the clinician caring for patients taking AEDs, generic substitutions appear to be at least pharmacokinetically similar to brand name drugs, although it is key to monitor patients for side effects and breakthrough seizures when this switch is made. More importantly, patients on generic medications often are given different generic pills when they fill their prescriptions; patients should be aware that these substitutions could indeed result in distinct pharmacokinetics and clinical effects, and should therefore carefully make sure that the generic formulation they receive is identical to their previous prescription.
[TD="class: contentReference"]Reference
[TD="class: contentBody"]Krauss GL et al. Assessing bioequivalence of generic antiepilepsy drugs. Ann Neurol 2011;70:221.
neo_star, Feb 3, 2013