PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a three-dimensional form retrieval device which can retrieve an objective three-dimensional graphic only by means of preparing a character string describing the feature of the three-dimensional form at the time of retrieval and improves work efficiency without previously designating character string attribute data for retrieval.
SOLUTION: This device is provided with a central processing unit 1 processing requested information, a display device 2 displaying a window, a graphic element and a character, a key board inputting data such as the character, a numeric value and a position, the input device 3 of a tablet and a mouse, a main storage device 4 for storing a program executing an operation system and a window system and a secondary storage device for storing a form data base and a preservation area. In this case, a three-dimension a graphic feature discrimination means discriminating the feature of the three-dimensional graphic based on the feature of the three-dimenssional form described by the character string is provided.
による作業が普及しており、入力した図形データをもとに機構や力学的な解析などを行ったり、加工を行うための加工機械へのデータを生成することが可能となってきた。 Are widespread work by, or perform such mechanism and mechanical analysis based on the entered graphic data, it has become possible to generate the data to the processing machine for carrying out the process. CADは、上面図、正面図、側面図といったいわゆる三面図として図形を作成するための二次元CADから、三次元空間内に実際のモデル形状を入力する三次元CADへと移行が始まっている。 CAD is a top view, front view, from a two-dimensional CAD to create a shape as a so-called three views such side view, transition to three-dimensional CAD to enter the actual model shape in the three-dimensional space has begun.
【0003】三次元CADシステムにおいて、三次元形状を格納する二次元記憶装置や磁気記憶装置などの補助記憶装置、あるいは、ネットワーク上に分散する三次元図形データベース装置などから三次元図形データの読み込みを行う場合、読み込みを行う以前に膨大な三次元図形データの中から検索が行われる。  In the three-dimensional CAD system, an auxiliary storage device such as a two-dimensional memory device or a magnetic storage device for storing the three-dimensional shape, or the reading of three-dimensional figure data from such three-dimensional figure database device distributed on the network If you do, search is performed from a large amount of three-dimensional graphic data before performing a read. 目的の三次元図形を見つけ出す手段として、事前に三次元図形データに文字列の属性データを付加しておき、その文字列を検索のキーとして目的とする文字列の検索処理を実行することが行われている。 As a means to find the three-dimensional figure of the object, in advance, by adding an attribute data string to a three-dimensional graphics data, a line to perform search processing of a character string for which that character string as a search key are we.
【0004】以下に従来の三次元図形検索装置について説明する。  Hereinafter, the conventional three-dimensional graphic search apparatus will be described. 図16は従来の三次元図形検索装置のブロック図を示したものである。 Figure 16 shows a block diagram of a conventional three-dimensional figure retrieval apparatus. 三次元図形検索装置は、要求された情報を処理する中央処理装置161、ウインドウや図形要素また文字などを表示する表示装置162、文字や数値また位置などデータを入力するキーボード、タブレットやマウスなどの入力装置163、オペレーティングシステム、ウインドウシステムなど実行中のプログラムを記憶する主記憶装置164、CADのプログラムモジュールや図形データベースなどを記憶する二次記憶装置165、三次元図形に文字列の属性データを付加するための属性入力部166、三次元図形を検索するための検索条件として文字列を入力するための検索条件入力部167、検索条件の文字列から目的の三次元図形の検索処理を行うための検索処理部168から構成される。 Three-dimensional figure retrieval apparatus includes a central processing unit 161 for processing the requested information, the display device 162 for displaying the window or graphic element also characters, a keyboard for inputting data such as characters and numbers and the position, tablet or a mouse, such as input device 163, an operating system, a secondary storage device 165 stores a main memory 164, CAD program modules and graphic database that stores running programs such as the window system, the additional attribute data string three-dimensional figure attribute input unit 166 for a three-dimensional graphic search condition input section 167 for inputting a character string as a search condition for searching for, for performing a search process object of the three-dimensional figure from a string search It consists of the search processing unit 168.
【0005】次いで、図17、図18を参照して、従来の三次元図形検索装置を詳細に説明する。  Next, FIG. 17, with reference to FIG. 18, illustrating a conventional three-dimensional figure retrieval apparatus in detail. 図17は三次元図形の属性データとして文字列を指定した場合の文字列データの参考図である。 Figure 17 is a reference diagram of a character string data when a string as attribute data of the three-dimensional figure. 検索対象とする三次元図形には、予め図17のような文字列データを三次元図形の属性データとして入力しておく。 The three-dimensional figure to be searched is previously enter the character string data, such as pre-17 as the attribute data of the three-dimensional figure. 図17では、予め設定された属性項目に従って文字列データを付加していくような形式になっている。 In Figure 17, it has the format as will appending the string data according to a preset attribute item. 文字列により属性データの検索を行うための処理が図18に示すフローチャートである。 Processing for searching the attribute data by the character string is a flowchart shown in FIG.
両方の文字列が異なっていれば、二次記憶装置から次の三次元図形と属性データを取り出し、再度文字列の比較を行って、属性データの文字列と操作者が入力した文字列が一致するまで処理を繰り返す。 If a difference exists both strings, retrieves the next three-dimensional figure and attribute data from the secondary storage device performs the comparison again string, the string string as the operator has entered attribute data matching the process is repeated until the.
【発明が解決しようとする課題】このように従来の三次元形状検索装置では、三次元図形の検索を行うためには、検索のための文字列を予め属性データとして図形データとともに格納しておかなければならず、属性データである文字列の指定方法まで厳密に記述しないと、後の検索処理で目的の図形データが探し出せなくなる可能性もある。 BRIEF Problem to be Solved] In this way, conventional three-dimensional shape retrieval apparatus, in order to perform a search for three-dimensional figure is kept stored with the graphic data in advance as attribute data strings for search there must, if not exactly describe to specify how the string is attribute data, there is a possibility that not retreive the object of the graphic data in the search processing after. また、属性データが付加されていない図形データは検索対象から外れてしまうため、目的の図形データを探すためには、図形データの三次元形状を視覚で確認するしか方法がない。 Further, since the graphic data attribute data is not added deviates from the search, to find the graphic data of interest, the only way to check the three-dimensional shape of the graphic data visually.
【0008】本発明は、上記問題を解決するためになされたもので、予め検索のための文字列属性データを指定することなく、検索時には三次元形状の特徴を記述した文字列を用意するだけで目的の三次元図形の検索を可能にし、作業効率を向上させる三次元形状検索装置を提供することを目的とする。  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, without specifying the string attribute data for previously searched, only providing a string describing the features of the three-dimensional shape at the time of search in enabling search of three-dimensional figure of the object, and an object thereof is to provide a three-dimensional shape retrieval apparatus to improve work efficiency.
文字などを表示する表示装置と、文字、数値、位置などデータを入力するキーボードと、タブレット、マウスなどの入力装置と、オペレーティングシステム、ウインドウシステムなど実行中のプログラムを記憶するための主記憶装置と、形状データベース、保存領域などを記憶するための二次記憶装置とを備えた三次元形状検索装置において、文字列で記述された三次元形状の特徴に基づいて三次元図形の特徴判別を行う三次元図形特徴判別手段を有するもので、予め検索のための文字列属性データを指定することなく、検索時には三次元形状の特徴を記述した文字列を用意するだけで目的の三次元図形の検索を行うことができ、作業効率が向上する。 A display device such as display characters, letters, numbers, and keyboard for inputting data such as position, tablet, input devices such as a mouse, the operating system, a main memory for storing a running program, such as window system , shape database, in the three-dimensional shape search device and a secondary storage device for storing such storage area, the three performing feature determination of three-dimensional figure based on the characteristics of the three-dimensional shape that is written in a string next those having the original graphic feature judging means, without specifying the string attribute data for previously searched, the search of three-dimensional figure of the object by simply providing a string describing the features of the three-dimensional shape at the time of search It can be done to improve the work efficiency.
【発明の実施の形態】請求項1に記載の発明は、要求された情報を処理する中央処理装置と、ウインドウ、図形要素、文字などを表示する表示装置と、文字、数値、位置などデータを入力するキーボードと、タブレット、マウスなどの入力装置と、オペレーティングシステム、ウインドウシステムなど実行中のプログラムを記憶するための主記憶装置と、形状データベース、保存領域などを記憶するための二次記憶装置とを備えた三次元形状検索装置において、文字列で記述された三次元形状の特徴に基づいて三次元図形の特徴判別を行う三次元図形特徴判別手段を有する三次元形状検索装置であり、予め検索のための文字列属性データを指定することなく、検索時には三次元形状の特徴を記述した文字列を用意するだけで目的の三次元図形 The invention described in claim 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION, a central processing unit for processing the requested information, window, graphic element, a display device such as display characters, letters, numbers, data and location a keyboard for entering, tablet, input devices such as a mouse, the operating system, a main memory for storing a running program, such as the window system, the shape database, a secondary storage device for storing such storage area in the three-dimensional shape retrieval apparatus equipped with a three-dimensional shape retrieval apparatus having a three-dimensional graphic feature determining means for performing feature discrimination of three-dimensional figure based on the characteristics of the three-dimensional shape described by a character string, advance search string attributes without specifying the data, the purpose of the three-dimensional figure by simply providing a string describing the features of the three-dimensional shape at the time of searching for 検索を行うことができるようになる。 It is possible to perform a search.
【0011】請求項2に記載の発明は、前記三次元図形特徴判別手段が、三次元CADシステムにおいて、文字列で記述された特徴形状をもとに三次元図形データを検索し、目的の三次元図形を発見するもので、三次元図形の検索に関わる手順を簡略化させることで、操作者に対して、検索に要する操作を軽減させ、検索効率が向上する。  According to a second aspect of the invention, the three-dimensional graphic feature determining means, in a three-dimensional CAD system, searches the three-dimensional figure data characteristic shape described in a character string to the original, tertiary purposes It intended to discover original figure, by simplifying the procedures involved in the search of three-dimensional figure, the operator, and reduce the operation required for search, thereby improving search efficiency.
【0012】請求項3記載の発明は、前記三次元図形特徴判別手段が、三次元CADシステムにおいて、文字列で記述された特徴形状をもとに三次元図形データを複数の検索処理が並列に動作し、並列に動作する各検索処理が互いに検索条件を交換することにより、目的の三次元図形を発見するもので、複数の三次元図形データ記憶部から三次元図形の検索を行う際の検索効率が向上する。  third aspect of the present invention, the three-dimensional graphic feature determining means, in a three-dimensional CAD system, a plurality of search processing three-dimensional graphics data characteristic shape described in the string based on the parallel operating, by the search processing executed in parallel to exchange search condition each other, intended to find a three-dimensional graphic object, search when searching three-dimensional figures of a plurality of three-dimensional figure data storage unit efficiency is improved.
【0013】請求項4記載の発明は、前記三次元図形特徴判別手段が、三次元CADシステムにおいて、三次元空間に配置すべき三次元図形の特徴を文字列で記述した特徴形状のみを三次元空間に配置し、三次元図形の特徴を文字列で記述した特徴形状をもとに三次元図形データを検索して目的の三次元図形を発見し、三次元空間に配置するもので、三次元空間に三次元図形を配置する際の三次元図形選択の効率が向上する。  The invention of claim 4, wherein, the three-dimensional graphic feature determining means, in a three-dimensional CAD system, only the characteristic shape that describes the characteristics of the three-dimensional figure to be arranged in three-dimensional space string three-dimensional located in spaces, we discovered three-dimensional figure of the object by searching the three-dimensional figure data based on the characteristic shape that describes the characteristics of the three-dimensional figure in a string, in which to place the three-dimensional space, three-dimensional efficiency of three-dimensional figure selected at the time of arranging the three-dimensional figure in space is improved.
【0014】(実施の形態1)以下、本発明の第1の実施の形態について、図1、図2、図3を用いて説明する。  (Embodiment 1) Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 3.
【0015】図1は、請求項1及び請求項2に対応する本発明の一実施の形態における三次元形状検索装置のブロック図である。  Figure 1 is a block diagram of a three-dimensional shape retrieval apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention corresponding to claims 1 and 2.
【0016】本実施の形態の三次元形状検索装置は、中央処理装置1、表示装置2、文字及び数値などを入力する入力装置3、実行中のプログラムなどを記憶しておく主記憶装置4、入力された図形などを記憶しておく二次記憶装置5、三次元図形データを記憶しておく三次元図形データ記憶部10を有し、さらに、操作者が文字列で入力した三次元形状の特徴を記憶する三次元形状特徴記憶部7、三次元形状の特徴が記述された文字列から三次元形状データを生成する特徴/形状データ変換部8、三次元形状の特徴が記述された文字列から生成された三次元形状データにより目的とする三次元形状を照合するための形状データ照合部9からなる三次元形状検索部6を有する。 The three-dimensional shape retrieval apparatus of the present embodiment, the central processing unit 1, a display device 2, an input device for inputting characters and numerical 3, executes the main memory stores a program of 4, storing such input figure in advance secondary storage device 5 has to keep the three-dimensional graphic data storage unit 10 stores three-dimensional graphics data, further, the operator of the three-dimensional shape input string three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 for storing the feature, feature / shape data conversion unit 8 for generating three-dimensional shape data from a string feature is described in three-dimensional shape, three-dimensional shape string feature is described in having a three-dimensional shape search unit 6 consisting of shape data collation unit 9 to match a three-dimensional shape of interest by the three-dimensional shape data generated from.
【0017】図2は本発明の一実施の形態における三次元形状の特徴を表現する文字列の例を示す図である。  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a character string representing a feature of the three-dimensional shape according to an embodiment of the present invention.
mm、Z軸方向の長さが300mm、角の形状がフィレット形状でフィレットの半径が1mm、ボスが5個、類似形状が部品1から構成される属性値により定義される。 mm, the length in the Z-axis direction is 300 mm, the radius shape of the fillet in fillet corners 1 mm, boss 5, similar shape is defined by the attribute value consists of parts 1.
【0019】図3は本発明の一実施の形態における三次元形状の検索処理のフローチャートである。  FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the search processing of the three-dimensional shape according to an embodiment of the present invention.
図1に示す三次元形状特徴記憶部7から図形データを取り出し、取り出したデータと変換した三次元形状との比較を行う。 Removed graphic data from the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 shown in FIG. 1, is compared with the three-dimensional shape obtained by converting the retrieved data. 両方のデータが一致すれば検索処理は終了する。 Search process if both data agrees ends. 両方のデータが一致しなければ、三次元形状特徴記憶部7から次の図形データを取り出し、再びデータが一致するかどうかを調べ、一致するまで処理を繰り返す(STEP33)。 If both data match, retrieves the next graphic data from the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 checks whether the data again coincide, the process is repeated until matching (STEP 33).
【0021】図4は、属性値として操作者が入力した文字列を三次元形状に変換を行う処理のフローチャートである。  FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the process of the character string input by the operator as attribute values to convert the three-dimensional shape. 図4に沿って図1と図2を参照しながら、操作者が入力した文字列を三次元形状に変換を行う処理を説明する。 Referring to Figures 1 and 2 along the 4, illustrating a process for converting a character string input by an operator to the three-dimensional shape.
【0024】次に、図2の属性項目の類似形状の属性値を取り出し、検索対象の類似形状を作成し、三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納する。 Next, take out the attribute value of similar shape attribute item of Figure 2, to create a similar shape of the search target, it is stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7. 類似形状の属性値は、検索対象と類似した三次元形状、または、検索対象を二次元の三面図に投影した状態での類似投影形状の二次記憶装置内のアドレスを三次元形状または二次元形状に展開した図形である(STEP43)。 Attribute value of similar shape, searched and similar three-dimensional shape, or the search target two-dimensional three-dimensional address in the secondary storage device similar projected shape in a state projected to the three-view drawing shape or a two-dimensional a figure that was developed in the shape (STEP43).
【0025】図5は、図2の各属性値が三次元形状に変換されて三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納された状態を示す参考図である。 FIG. 5 is a reference view showing a state in which each attribute value is stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 is converted into a three-dimensional shape of FIG.
Y,Zの各幅が100,200,300mmとなるように、等倍あるいは拡大又は縮小されて格納される。 Y, the widths of Z is such that the 100,200,300Mm, stored magnification or enlargement or reduction has been.
【0027】図6は、本発明の一実施の形態における三次元形状特徴と三次元図形データ記憶部10内の三次元図形データとの形状データ照合処理のフローチャートである。  FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the shape data matching process between three-dimensional figure data for three-dimensional shape, wherein the three-dimensional figure data storage unit 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図6を用いて三次元形状特徴から三次元図形データを検索する処理について説明する。 The process of searching a three-dimensional graphic data describing the three-dimensional shape, wherein with reference to FIG.
【0028】まず、三次元図形データ記憶部10から三次元図形データを一つ取り出す(STEP61)。 Firstly, it fetches one three-dimensional graphic data from the three-dimensional figure data storage unit 10 (STEP 61).
三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納されているバウンディングボックスが、取り出した三次元図形データのバウンディングボックスを包含していなければ、STEP61に戻る(STEP63)。 Bounding box stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7, unless encompass the bounding box of the three-dimensional figure data retrieved, return to STEP 61 (STEP 63).
【0031】三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納されているバウンディングボックスが、取り出した三次元図形データのバウンディングボックスを包含しれば、次に、三次元図形データの角属性を取り出して、三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納されている角の値と比較して、角形状テストを行う(STEP64)。 The bounding box stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7, if may include the bounding box of the three-dimensional figure data retrieved, then removed the angular attribute of the three-dimensional graphics data, the three-dimensional shape compared to the value of the angle stored in the feature storage unit 7 performs an angular shape test (STEP 64).
【0032】ここで、三次元図形データに三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納されている角の値と等しいものが存在しない場合、STEP61に戻る(STEP65)。  Here, if there is no equal to the value of the angle stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 in the three-dimensional figure data, the flow returns to STEP 61 (STEP 65).
類似形状テストを行う(STEP68)。 A similar shape test performed (STEP68).
【0036】ここで、類似形状の三面展開図のX方向投影展開図が、三次元図面の三面展開図のX方向投影展開図を包含しており、かつ、類似形状の三面展開図のY方向投影展開図が、三次元図面の三面展開図のY方向投影展開図を包含しており、かつ、類似形状の三面展開図のZ方向投影展開図が、三次元図面の三面展開図のZ方向投影展開図を包含していれば、類似形状と三次元形状は類似しているとみなす。  Here, the X-direction projection exploded view of three orthographic developed view similar shape, and includes an X-direction projection exploded view of three orthographic developed view of a three-dimensional drawing, and, Y direction orthographic developed view similar shape projection development diagram has encompass Y-direction projection exploded view of three orthographic developed view of a three-dimensional drawing, and, Z-direction projection exploded view of three orthographic developed view similar shaped, Z-direction three-sided development view of a three-dimensional drawing if encompass projection development view, similar shapes and three-dimensional shape is considered to be similar. もしこの条件を満たしていなければSTEP61に戻る(STEP69)。 If Back to STEP61 does not satisfy this condition (STEP69).
【0037】類似形状と三次元形状は類似しているとみなした場合、最後に、三次元図形を表示装置2に表示する(STEP70)。  If deemed similar shape and three-dimensional shape is similar, finally, to display a three-dimensional figure to display 2 (STEP 70).
に対応する実施の形態について、図7、図8、図9を用いて説明する。 For the corresponding embodiment in FIG. 7, FIG. 8, will be described with reference to FIG.
【0039】図7は、本発明の一実施の形態における複数の三次元形状検索処理が並列に動作する状態のブロック図である。 FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a state in which a plurality of three-dimensional shape search process in one embodiment of the present invention operate in parallel.
【0040】本実施の形態の三次元形状検索装置は、中央処理装置1と、表示装置2と、文字及び数値などを入力する入力装置3と、実行中のプログラムなどを記憶しておく主記憶装置4、入力された図形などを記憶しておく二次記憶装置5、三次元図形データを記憶しておく三次元図形データ記憶部10及び73を有し、また、操作者が文字列で入力した三次元形状の特徴を記憶する三次元形状特徴記憶部7と、三次元形状の特徴が記述された文字列から三次元形状データを生成する特徴/形状データ変換部8と、三次元形状の特徴が記述された文字列から生成された三次元形状データにより目的とする三次元形状を照合するための形状データ照合部72から構成される三次元形状検索部71を有する。 The three-dimensional shape search apparatus of this embodiment comprises a central processing unit 1, a display device 2, an input device 3 for inputting characters and numbers, a main memory for storing such a running program 4, the secondary storage device 5 for storing such input figure, has a three-dimensional graphic data storage unit 10 and 73 stores the three-dimensional figure data, also, the operator inputs a string a three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 for storing the characteristics of the three-dimensional shape that, the features / shape data conversion unit 8 for generating three-dimensional shape data from a string feature is described in three-dimensional shape, three-dimensional shape having a three-dimensional shape search unit 71 composed of the shape data matching unit 72 for matching three-dimensional shape of interest by the three-dimensional shape data generated from a string features have been described.
【0041】図8及び図9は、本発明の一実施の形態における複数の三次元形状検索処理が並列に動作する処理のフローチャートである。  Figures 8 and 9 are flowcharts of a process in which a plurality of three-dimensional shape search process in one embodiment of the present invention operate in parallel. 図8と図9を用いて複数の三次元形状検索処理が並列に動作する処理を説明する。 A plurality of three-dimensional shape search process with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrating a process of operating in parallel.
【0042】三次元図形データ記憶部10,73で検索処理を開始し(STEP81)、三次元形状特徴記憶部7の全ての属性値の値を取り出す(STEP82)。  to start the search process in the three-dimensional graphic data storage section 10,73 (STEP81), retrieve all values of the attribute values of the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 (STEP 82).
3)、全ての属性値が'−1'でなければ、三次元図形データ記憶部10または三次元図形データ記憶部73から三次元図形データを一つ取り出す(STEP61)。 3), all the attribute value is '-1' if not, retrieves one three-dimensional graphic data from the three-dimensional figure data storage unit 10 or the three-dimensional figure data storage unit 73 (STEP 61).
三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納されているバウンディングボックスが、取り出した三次元図形データのバウンディングボックスを包含していなければ、STEP82に戻る(STEP63)。 Bounding box stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7, unless encompass the bounding box of the three-dimensional figure data retrieved, return to STEP 82 (STEP 63).
【0046】三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納されているバウンディングボックスが、取り出した三次元図形データのバウンディングボックスを包含していれば、三次元図形データの角属性を取り出して、三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納されている角の値と比較して、角形状テストを行う(STEP64)。 The bounding box stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7, if the cover bounding box of the three-dimensional graphic data retrieved, retrieves the angular attribute of the three-dimensional graphics data, the three-dimensional shape, wherein compared to the value of the angle stored in the storage unit 7 performs an angular shape test (STEP 64).
【0048】三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納されている角の値と等しいものが存在する場合、次に三次元図形データからボスフィーチャ形状を取り出して、三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納されているボスの数と比較して、ボスデータテストを行う(STEP66)。  If there is equal to the value of the angle stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 takes out the Bosuficha shape then from the three-dimensional graphics data, stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 and compared to the number of bosses are, performs bosses data test (STEP66).
三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納されているボスの数より多ければ、STEP82に戻る(STEP67)。 The more than the number of bosses that are stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 returns to STEP 82 (STEP67).
【0051】類似形状の三面展開図のX方向投影展開図が、三次元図面の三面展開図のX方向投影展開図を包含しており、かつ、類似形状の三面展開図のY方向投影展開図が、三次元図面の三面展開図のY方向投影展開図を包含しており、かつ、類似形状の三面展開図のZ方向投影展開図が、三次元図面の三面展開図のZ方向投影展開図を包含していれば、類似形状と三次元形状は類似しているとみなして次へ進み、前述の条件を満たしていなければSTEP82に戻る(STEP69)。  X-direction projection exploded view of three orthographic developed view similar shape, and includes an X-direction projection exploded view of three orthographic developed view of a three-dimensional drawing, and, Y-direction projection exploded view of three orthographic developed view similar shape There has encompass Y-direction projection exploded view of three orthographic developed view of a three-dimensional drawing, and, Z-direction projection exploded view of three orthographic developed view similar shaped, Z-direction projection exploded view of three orthographic developed view of a three-dimensional drawing if encompasses similar shapes and three-dimensional shape proceeds to the next is regarded to be similar, the process returns to STEP82 does not satisfy the conditions of the above (STEP69).
【0052】類似しているとみなした場合、三次元図形を表示装置2に表示する(STEP91)。  If you were considered to be similar, displaying a three-dimensional figure on the display device 2 (STEP91). 次に処理を続けるかどうかを操作者に問い(STEP92)、処理を続けなければ三次元形状特徴記憶部7の全ての属性値を'−1'に設定する(STEP93)。 Next question whether to continue processing the operator (STEP92), all attribute values of the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 unless continue processing sets to '-1' (STEP93).
【0053】STEP92で処理を続けるならば、三次元形状特徴記憶部7の類似形状属性項目の属性値を更新するかどうかを操作者に問い(STEP94)、三次元形状特徴記憶部7の類似形状属性項目の属性値を更新しない場合STEP82に戻る。  If continued treatment with STEP92, regardless of whether to update the attribute values of similar shape attribute items of three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 to the operator (STEP94), similar shape of the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 If you do not want to update the attribute value of the attribute item returns to STEP82.
【0054】三次元形状特徴記憶部7の類似形状属性項目の属性値を更新する場合、三次元図形データを三次元形状特徴記憶部7の類似形状属性項目の属性値に設定し、STEP82に戻る(STEP95)。  When updating the attribute values similar shape attribute items of three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7, sets the three-dimensional figure data to the attribute values of similar shape attribute items of three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 returns to STEP82 (STEP95).
【0055】図10は、本発明の一実施の形態における複数の三次元図形データ記憶部の参考図である。  Figure 10 is a reference diagram of a plurality of three-dimensional figure data storage unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【0056】図10において、101は三次元図形データ記憶部、102は三次元図形データ記憶部101に存在する最初の三次元図形データ、103は三次元図形データ記憶部101に存在する2番目の三次元図形データ、104は三次元図形データ記憶部、105は三次元図形データ記憶部104に存在する最初の三次元図形データ、106は三次元図形データ記憶部104に存在する2番目の三次元図形データ、107は三次元図形データ記憶部104に存在する3番目の三次元図形データである。  In FIG. 10, 101 three-dimensional figure data storage unit, 102 first three-dimensional graphic data present in the three-dimensional graphic data storage unit 101, 103 of the second existing in three-dimensional figure data storage unit 101 three-dimensional figure data, 104 is three-dimensional figure data storage unit, 105 first three-dimensional graphic data present in the three-dimensional graphic data storage unit 104, a second three-dimensional present in three-dimensional figure data storage unit 104 106 graphic data, 107 is a third three-dimensional figure data present in the three-dimensional graphic data storage unit 104.
【0057】図10と先に説明した図5を用いて、複数の三次元形状検索処理の並列動作を具体的に説明する。  with reference to FIG. 5 described in FIG. 10 and previously specifically described parallel operation of a plurality of three-dimensional shape search process.
04で検索処理が開始される。 04 in the search process is started. この場合、三次元図形データ記憶部101から最初の三次元図形データ102を取り出し、データ照合処理を行うが照合しない。 In this case, the first three-dimensional graphics data 102 from the three-dimensional figure data storage unit 101 is taken out, but not collated performs data matching process. 同時に三次元図形データ記憶部104から最初の三次元図形データ105を取り出し、データ照合処理を行うが照合しない。 Retrieves the first three-dimensional figure data 105 from the three-dimensional figure data storage unit 104 at the same time, it does not match performing data matching process.
【0059】次に、三次元図形データ記憶部101から2番目の三次元図形データ103を取り出し、データ照合処理を行う。 Next, take out the second three-dimensional figure data 103 from the three-dimensional figure data storage unit 101, performs data matching process. 三次元図形データ103は、データ照合処理で図7に示す三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納された属性値によるデータ照合に適合するので、表示装置2に三次元図形データ103を表示する。 Three-dimensional figure data 103, since the fit to the data verification in the data verification processing by stored attribute values in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 shown in FIG. 7, to display a three-dimensional figure data 103 to the display device 2.
【0060】操作者が、表示装置2に表示された三次元図形データ103を最終結果としない場合、検索処理は続けられる。  operator, if not the final result a three-dimensional graphic data 103 displayed on the display device 2, the search process is continued. ここで、三次元図形データ103を三次元形状特徴記憶部7の類似形状の属性値に設定する。 Here, setting the three-dimensional figure data 103 to the attribute values of the similar shape of the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7. 同時に、三次元図形データ記憶部104から2番目の三次元図形データ106を取り出し、データ照合処理を行うが照合しない。 At the same time, removed from the three-dimensional figure data storage unit 104 the second three-dimensional figure data 106, but not collation performing data matching process.
【0061】次に、三次元図形データ記憶部104から3番目の三次元図形データ107を取り出し、データ照合処理を行う。 Next, remove the third three-dimensional figure data 107 from the three-dimensional figure data storage unit 104, performs data matching process. 三次元図形データ107は、データ照合処理で三次元形状特徴記憶部7に格納された属性値によるデータ照合に適合するので、表示装置2に三次元図形データ107を表示する。 Three-dimensional graphics data 107, since the fit to the data collated by the attribute values stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7 in the data verification process, displaying a three-dimensional graphic data 107 to the display device 2.
【0062】操作者が、表示装置2に表示された三次元図形データ107を最終結果とする場合、三次元形状特徴記憶部7の全ての属性値に−1'が設定されて、全ての検索処理が終了する。  operator, if the final result a three-dimensional graphic data 107 displayed on the display unit 2, is set to -1 'to all attribute values of the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 7, all of the search process is completed.
に対応する実施の形態について、図11、図12を用いて説明する。 For the corresponding embodiment in FIG. 11 will be described with reference to FIG.
【0064】図11は、本発明の一実施の形態における三次元形状検索装置が三次元空間配置を行う状態のブロック図である。  Figure 11 is a block diagram of a state where the three-dimensional shape search apparatus performs three-dimensional spatial arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【0065】本実施の形態の三次元形状検索装置は、中央処理装置1と、表示装置2と、文字及び数値などを入力する入力装置3と、実行中のプログラムなどを記憶しておく主記憶装置4と、入力された図形などを記憶しておく二次記憶装置5と、三次元形状を三次元空間に配置する三次元形状配置部113と、三次元図形データを記憶しておく三次元図形データ記憶部10を備え、さらに、操作者が文字列で入力した複数の三次元形状の特徴を記憶する三次元形状特徴記憶部112と、三次元形状の特徴が記述された文字列から三次元形状データを生成する特徴/形状データ変換部8と、三次元形状の特徴が記述された文字列から生成された三次元形状データにより目的とする三次元形状を照合するための形状データ照合部9から構成され  three-dimensional shape search apparatus of this embodiment comprises a central processing unit 1, a display device 2, an input device 3 for inputting characters and numbers, a main memory for storing such a running program a device 4, and keep the secondary storage device 5 which stores such input figure, a three-dimensional shape arranging unit 113 to place the three-dimensional shape in a three dimensional space, three-dimensional storing the three-dimensional figure data comprising a graphic data storage unit 10, further, a three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 112 the operator to store the characteristics of several three-dimensional shape input string, tertiary from a string characteristic of the three-dimensional shape is described wherein / shape data conversion unit 8 to generate the original shape data, shape data matching unit for matching three-dimensional shape of interest by the three-dimensional shape data, wherein the three-dimensional shape is generated from the description string It is composed of 9 三次元形状検索部111を有する。 Having a three-dimensional shape search unit 111.
【0066】図12は上記三次元形状検索装置において、三次元空間配置を行う処理のフローチャートである。  Figure 12 is in the three-dimensional shape search device, a flowchart showing a process for three-dimensional spatial arrangement. 図12を用いて三次元形状検索装置が三次元空間配置を行う処理の概略を説明する。 Three-dimensional shape retrieval apparatus illustrating an outline of a process for performing three-dimensional spatial arrangement with reference to FIG. 12.
【0067】操作者が入力装置3を用いて二次記憶装置5に記述した複数の三次元形状の属性項目に対応する属性値に従い、三次元形状特徴記憶部112に検索を行う三次元形状の特徴を記憶する(STEP121)。  In accordance with an attribute value that the operator corresponding to the attribute item of the plurality of three-dimensional shape described in the secondary storage device 5 by using the input device 3, the three-dimensional shape to search the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 112 stores the feature (STEP121).
【0069】次に三次元形状特徴記憶部112に格納された三次元形状の特徴値を参照し、三次元図形データ記憶部10から見つかった目的の三次元形状を三次元空間に配置する(STEP123)。  Next referring to feature values of the three-dimensional shape stored in the three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 112, the three-dimensional shape of objects found from the three-dimensional graphic data storage unit 10 disposed in three-dimensional space (STEP 123 ).
【0070】図13は、本発明の一実施の形態における特徴形状と三次元空間配置情報を記述するための属性項目の対応表である。  Figure 13 is a correspondence table of attribute item for describing a characteristic shape and three-dimensional spatial layout information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
軸方向の長さが300mm、角の形状がフィレット形状でフィレットの半径が1mm、ボスが5個、類似形状が部品1から構成される属性値により定義され、三次元空間情報は、X座標が10mm、Y座標が20mm、Z座標が30mm、X軸回転角度が1ラジアン、Y軸回転角度が1.2ラジアン、Z軸回転角度が0.7ラジアンから構成される属性により定義される。 Axial of 300mm length, angular shape radius of the fillet is 1mm in fillet, boss 5, the similar shape is defined by the attribute value consists of parts 1, three-dimensional spatial information, the X-coordinate 10 mm, Y coordinates 20 mm, Z coordinates 30 mm, X-axis rotational angle 1 radian, Y-axis rotational angle 1.2 rad, Z axis rotation angle is defined by the attribute consists of 0.7 radians.
【0072】図14は、図13の各属性値が三次元形状及び三次元空間配置に変換されて三次元形状特徴記憶部112に格納された状態を示す参考図である。  Figure 14 is a reference view showing a state in which each attribute value is stored in is converted into three-dimensional shape and three-dimensional space arranged three-dimensional shape feature storage unit 112 in FIG. 13.
Z軸回りの回転角度が1,1.2,0.7として格納される。 Rotation angle about the Z-axis is stored as 1,1.2,0.7.
【0074】図15は、本発明の一実施の形態における三次元形状を三次元空間に配置する処理のフローチャートである。  Figure 15 is a flowchart of a process for arranging the three-dimensional shape according to an embodiment of the present invention in three-dimensional space. 図11及び図15を用いて、検索した三次元形状を三次元空間に配置する処理について説明する。 With reference to FIGS. 11 and 15, a description will be given of a process to place the retrieved three-dimensional shape into a three-dimensional space.
【0078】次にSTEP154で計算した三次元形状を三次元空間に配置する(STEP155)。  Next, three-dimensional shape calculated in STEP154 arranged in a three-dimensional space (STEP155).
に表示して(STEP156)、処理が終了する。 Is displayed on the (STEP156), the process ends.
【発明の効果】本発明は、予め検索のための文字列属性データを指定することなく、検索時に三次元形状の特徴を記述した文字列を用意するだけで目的の三次元図形の検索を行うことを可能にするものである。 According to the present invention, without specifying a string attribute data for pre-search, to search for three-dimensional figure of the object by simply providing a string describing the features of the three-dimensional shape when searching it is intended to enable.
【請求項1】要求された情報を処理する中央処理装置と、ウインドウ、図形要素、文字などを表示する表示装置と、文字、数値、位置などデータを入力するキーボードと、タブレット、マウスなどの入力装置と、オペレーティングシステム、ウインドウシステムなど実行中のプログラムを記憶するための主記憶装置と、形状データベース、保存領域などを記憶するための二次記憶装置とを備えた三次元形状検索装置において、文字列で記述された三次元形状の特徴に基づいて三次元図形の特徴判別を行う三次元図形特徴判別手段を有することを特徴とする三次元形状検索装置。 And 1. A requested central processing unit information processing, window, a display device for displaying graphical elements, text, etc., and a keyboard for inputting characters, numbers, data and location, a tablet, an input such as a mouse a device, an operating system, a main memory device for storing a running program, such as the window system, the shape database, the three-dimensional shape search device and a secondary storage device for storing such storage area, character three-dimensional shape search apparatus characterized by having a three-dimensional graphic feature determining means for performing feature discrimination of three-dimensional figure based on the characteristics of the three-dimensional shape that is written in the column.
ADシステムにおいて、文字列で記述された特徴形状をもとに三次元図形データを検索し、目的の三次元図形を発見するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の三次元形状検索装置。 In AD system retrieves the three-dimensional figure data characteristic shape described in a character string to the original, three-dimensional shape search according to claim 1, characterized in that to discover the three-dimensional figure of the object apparatus.
ADシステムにおいて、文字列で記述された特徴形状をもとに三次元図形データを複数の検索処理が並列に動作し、並列に動作する各検索処理が互いに検索条件を交換することにより、目的の三次元図形を発見するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の三次元形状検索装置。 In AD system, by which a plurality of search processing three-dimensional graphics data characteristic shape described in the string based on the work in parallel, each search processing executed in parallel to exchange search condition each other, the desired three-dimensional shape search apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that to discover the three-dimensional figure.
ADシステムにおいて、三次元空間に配置すべき三次元図形の特徴を文字列で記述した特徴形状のみを三次元空間に配置し、三次元図形の特徴を文字列で記述した特徴形状をもとに三次元図形データを検索して目的の三次元図形を発見し、三次元空間に配置するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の三次元形状検索装置。 In AD system, only it features shape which describes the characteristics of the three-dimensional figure to be arranged in three-dimensional space with the string placed in three-dimensional space, based on the characteristic shape that describes the characteristics of the three-dimensional figure in a string We found three-dimensional figure of the object by searching the three-dimensional figure data, three-dimensional shape search apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that to place the three-dimensional space.


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A trick recently learned that made my lipsync works 2 times faster. This clip is did..just the lipsync... in 20 minutes from scratch with the new way. It's just simple. only 2 controls of Moom i used to do this lil dialogue. the jaw open/close control and the one used to make narrow/wide mouths ( 'o' and 'E' shapes basically). I do this in linear mode of curves.
The trick is to get take the jaw open/close ctrl, and do one pass through the whole dialogue..just to mark where mouth opens and closes. once you get that right..make sure u get the intensity of the opens and closes right..( just like for M,P,B mouth closes and holds for 2 frames... some sounds of 'A' needs a small cusion after the opening of jaw..etc etc). After u fix that..time for first playblast. check if everything hits on the exact sound and the opens and closes are enough for the intensity of the sound.. remember..we r not thinking about 'oo's and 'Ee's nw.
Step 2 is go in and add those 'o' shapes and 'E' shapes.. same way, make sure the intensity of ur narrows and wides are good. most of the time u can put keys of the narrows and wides on the same keyframes of the Jaw control...so that we can move around keys in timeline/dope sheet much easier. After u r happy with the narrows and wides..go ahead ,another playblast.. this is where u play around with keys,adjusting the timing and adding settles for jaw..
awesome stuff dude.... thanx a lot for this tut... its a gr8 gr8 help... oh btw can u forward me tht red clr guy rig... the one which i asked abt in the cgtantra forum. my id is "chints84 (at) gmail.com" ??
but hey thanx for the tut. awesome read.
hope it helps. will try to put in more stuff i learned on the way..


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The first book sets the scene for the whole thing: Don Quixote goes insane from reading too many books about chivalric knights and decides to head out (along with his squire, Sancho Panza) believing that he is one too. It all starts out very silly really, with him doing things such as attacking windmills because he thinks they're giants, but it is still entertaining nonetheless, I just feel that it could do with a touch more seriousness. The main problem with the first book, though, is the fact that there are several times when you're taken away from the main narrative to hear about a story which is irrelevant to the main sequence of events. The worst case of these distractions is when a character stops to read a book, and the whole book is written out for you to read too… It was very off putting for me, not least of all because the book they read is very boring. On the whole, while the first part isn't bad by any means, it's not utterly amazing either, so I give it a 6/10.


text:
by Bob and Debby Gass
The Truth of Creation (2)
https://resources.vision.org.au/audio/thewordfortoday/20210213.mp3
'He who made them at the beginning "made them male and female."' Matthew 19:4 NKJV
A fascinating quote from a 1995 issue of U.S. News & World Report reads: 'Researchers suggest that virtually all modern men—99 per cent of them, says one scientist—are closely related genetically and share genes with one male ancestor dubbed "Y-chromosome Adam." We are finding that humans have very, very shallow genetic roots which go back very recently to one ancestor… That indicates that there was an origin in a specific location on the globe, and then it spread out from there.'
Furthermore, we know that the male needs the female to reproduce, and vice versa. Neither can carry on life separate from the other. Jesus pointed this out, saying, 'He who made them at the beginning "made them male and female."' So which one of them came first, according to the evolutionary theory: male or female?
As Ray Comfort writes: 'If a male came into being before a female, how did the male of each species reproduce without females? How is it possible that a male and female each spontaneously came into being, yet they have complex, complementary reproductive systems? If each sex was able to reproduce without the other, why (and how) would they have developed a reproductive system that requires both sexes in order for the species to survive?'
Just because an academic says something, doesn't make it so! Christians need to speak up and demand answers from those who offer unproven theories in the name of higher learning. Jesus said we would know the truth, and the truth would set us free (see John 8:32). Free from what? Free from error!
SoulFood: Ecc 1–4, Matt 14:13–21, Ps 145:14–21, Pr 4:23–24
The Word for Today is authored by Bob and Debby Gass and published under licence from UCB International Copyright 2023
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text:
HeliosenLighten.org
Writing Studies | College of Liberal Arts
Free Chapters
Phantom chances of such a thing is low,
Free Chapters / By admin / October 15, 2019
(Phantom limb pain PLP)
PLP is one of those strange afflictions of the human body
which can be caused by a number of instances. Although surgery and the removal
of limbs, hence the name, are the primary and most common way of developing
PLP, there are numerous other ways which can bring PLP on, albeit not in as
severe ways; these ways include, but are not limited to Touch, Urination or
defecation, Sexual intercourse, Angina, Cigarette smoking, Changes in
barometric pressure, Herpes zoster, Exposure to cold, and almost any other
instance where you experience a feeling through your nervous system. To
reiterate, while it is one hundred percent possible to develop PLP through any
of those listed, the chances of such a thing is low, and unlikely to cause
anything other than mild irritation for a few minutes.
As of right now, we do not know why PLP occurs. There is a
number of scientists who speculate that the reason behind it is due simply to a
failure of the nerves in the brain and spinal cord to correct and account for
the newly missing limb; thus, causing the brain to attempt to send signals out
to the missing limb, not receive a response, thus causing the discomfort. To
reiterate, we do not know what causes PLP, and with the research we have now,
all we have is speculations. Perhaps you would like to help further research by chopping off your own
arm? Don't actually do
The pain of
PLP is not 'all in your head', it is very much a real pain that is experienced.
And like all pains, PLP can feel like a variety of pains purely based on what
was removed, for instance, it is one hundred percent possible that you could
experience Burning pains, shooting pains, Pins and needles, Twisting, Crushing,
and electric shock. However, there can also be feelings, while not exactly
pain, of other kinds; such as, Movement, Temperature, Pressure, Vibration, or
even itch. As stated above, we are unsure why the brain does this, but it is
interesting to be sure; the brain is such an incredible organ.
above, PLP is a very strange affliction, where the best way to avoid it is to
not have a limb removed, because if a limb is removed, you are almost guaranteed
to develop it. Almost, down to around 2-10% do not, everyone experiences
phantom pains at some point after surgery; of the 90-98% people that do develop
PLP, 75% feel it as soon as the anesthesia wears off, and the remaining 25%
after a few days or weeks. As far as we are aware, ethnicity, gender, and age
do not seem to affect phantom pains at all; neither in its onset nor duration,
though it has not been fully explored yet.
PLP, like
all pains, does not have a uniform amount of time for it to "go away", rather,
it tends to be anywhere between seconds to years, though more often than not,
it diminishes in about six months without therapy of some kind.
PLP has been
around for as long as limbs were removed, however, we have only recently begun
developing the technology and understanding to begin work on it, but even then,
research is still in it's infancy.
The truth of
the matter is, PLP is not an easy affliction to study. However, we are aware of
some aspects of the affliction, such as, as more of the limb is amputated, the
greater chance of moderate to severe phantom pains. Unfortunately, in the end,
we just do not know enough about PLP. In most cases, the pains end, or at least
mitigate within about two years, though persistent cases, ~5%, may continue for
even longer; but even in these persistent cases, the pains become
While no
drugs have been made specifically for PLP, some medicines for other conditions
may help, such as, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioids, and other
painkillers, though a doctor should
still prescribe these for treatment of PLP. If medicine alone is not enough, as
tests have shown, there are other therapies that may help with recovery, such
as, nerve stimulation, mirror box therapy, acupuncture, and a change in daily
habits. In rare cases where all of the medicine and therapies are simply not
enough, there are yet other ways to ease the pain, though these are for much
more serious cases which cause more severe pain. These methods can include
spinal cord stimulation, brain stimulation, and even revision surgery.
earlier many times, we simply do not understand phantom pains yet, but that
does not mitigate pain in those that have it, so we are beginning to look into
new ways of dealing with the issue. And while the new research is promising,
not much progress has been made yet, though it is still an ongoing effort. One instance
of this is through a combination of prosthetics and virtual reality, another is
though attaching a piece of muscle from elsewhere onto the severed muscle.
These instances, as just said, are promising, but are still very new tests, and
unlikely to yield mainstream success for a long time. But with these new theories
being developed and worked upon, the future looks much brighter for those
suffering PLP.
Hannah, (2017, December 3). Senses offer
new hope for amputees suffering phantom pain. Retrieved from https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/99349385/new-hope-for-amputees-suffering-phantom-pain-using-through-sound-and-vision
Clinic Staff, (2014, December 3). Phantom
Pain. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/phantom-pain/basics/definition/con-20023268
Mariella, (2017, November 2). Virtual
reality could be the answer to treating phantom pain. Retrieved from https://www.engadget.com/2017/11/02/virtual-reality-phantom-pain-treatment/
Weintraub,
Karen, (2017, June 2). New Approach to Amputation Could Reduce
Phantom Pain. Retrieved from
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/new-approach-to-amputation-could-reduce-phantom-pain/
(2005, December 1). Phantom Limb Pain.
Retrieved from https://www.myvmc.com/diseases/phantom-limb-pain/
(Reviewed 2013, July). Phantom Pain and
Phantom Sensation. Retrieved from http://www.upmc.com/patients-visitors/education/pain-control/pages/phantom-pain-and-phantom-sensation.aspx
(Reviewed 2017, June, 14). What Is
Phantom Limb Pain?. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/phantom-limb-pain#1
(Last edited 2017, October 5). Phantom
Pain. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom_pain
Unknown, (Unknown). Managing
Phantom Pain. Retrieved from https://www.amputee-coalition.org/limb-loss-resource-center/resources-for-pain-management/managing-phantom-pain/
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Why are students returning to China in droves ("How Chinese students who return home after studying abroad succeed – and why they don't", July 27)? I am Chinese American, I have met and known Chinese students coming to America for years. I was a visiting professor at an elite school in China for seven years. I have seen, known, and talked to many students about their experiences overseas. Based on my personal observations, there are several reasons why many Chinese students are choosing to return home.
In the years or decades past, most students who left China to study in America came from families of modest means. But they had the brains and they wanted a good life. That is why, in the early days, only a small percentage returned home to China. The students who now study in the US come from rich families, and they want to return home because their parents are wealthy and many own businesses.
The tragedy now also is that many Chinese students prefer to spend most of their time with their own kind. Four years or less is too little time for them to get to know the American way of life. They spend most of their time with other Chinese students and not many really improve their fluency in English.
After four years, America is still a stranger to them, and many can't find jobs here because their English is still very poor. That is because, during the four years here, they don't care to get to know America better, they isolate themselves from its culture and society and rarely try to learn to improve their English-speaking ability. So they have no choice but to return to China.
I have read article after article on this, and many avoid talking about this critical aspect of life in America. If the Chinese do not socialise with the rest of America, and prefer to isolate themselves in their Chinese homes and Chinese community, it is not surprising to see them labelled as unsocial or unfriendly.
But the real reason many Chinese are not comfortable intermingling with Americans is that they do not communicate fluently in English. That is the problem and tragedy of many of our Chinese students studying in America. Lacking the ability to speak fluent American English and failing to fit in, they choose to go home to their parents, who have the money to support their habits and lifestyles.
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In April 2012, several reports about a mysterious malware attack shutting down computer systems at businesses throughout Iran surfaced. It was widely speculated that a virus named Wiper was responsible. However, no samples were available from these attacks, causing many to doubt the accuracy of these reports.
Following these incidents, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) asked Kaspersky Lab to investigate the incidents and determine the potentially destructive impact of this new malware.
After several weeks of research, Kaspersky failed to reveal any malware that shared any known properties with Wiper; however, its analysis of the hard disk images taken by the machines destroyed by Wiper indicated that the malicious program wiped the hard disks of the targeted systems and destroyed all of the data that could be used to identify the malware.
He says the malware was so well written that, once it was activated, no data survived. So, although Kaspersky has seen traces of the infection, the malware is still unknown because Kaspersky has not seen any additional wiping incidents that followed the same pattern as Wiper, and no detections of the malware have appeared in the proactive detection components of Kaspersky's security solutions.
1. Searching for and wiping files based on their extensions.
2. Searching for and wiping all files in certain folders (eg in Documents and Settings, Windows, Program Files) and on all available USB drives connected to the computer.


text:
The Puerto Rican Bond Plot Thickens
Jake Zamansky Contributor
Advisor Network
I write about securities law
The federal government is now putting under its microscope mutual fund companies that have invested billions of dollars in Puerto Rican municipal debt, according to several news reports last week. As this blog has noted over the past several weeks, the storm of losses created by Puerto Rican municipal securities has moved from the island commonwealth and is now hitting investors in the U.S. mainland.
In the latest news, the Securities and Exchange Commission is making inquiries into several mutual fund companies to determine whether the funds investing in those municipal bonds adequately disclosed the risks involved in Puerto Rico debt. The SEC's probe is also aimed at understanding the potential effects on the market if Puerto Rico, which has issued $70 billion of municipal securities, suffers a further downgrade to junk status or if it defaults, according to a report last Thursday in The Bond Buyer, an industry newspaper.
Indeed, the SEC is conducting a nationwide limited scope exam of certain mutual funds that invest in Puerto Rico securities, The Bond Buyer's Kyle Glazier and Taylor Riggs reported. The SEC's targets include OppenheimerFunds and Franklin Templeton Investments, according to a report in the Wall Street Journal by Andrew Ackerman and Kelly Nolan.
"Regulators have been ramping up their scrutiny of investing and trading in Puerto Rico's $70 billion worth of outstanding debt, as the island's credit rating hovers just above "junk" and its bonds trade at low levels, threatening to spread losses broadly through the $3.7 trillion municipal-bond market," according to the Journal report. "Three-quarters of municipal-bond mutual funds own some debt issued by Puerto Rico, one of the biggest issuers in the muni market due to its tax benefits and often higher yields."
Puerto Rico has a struggling economy and is facing a staggering burden of unfunded pension liabilities. But some municipal bond fund managers have been gobbling up Puerto Rico's debt like they were kids with a bag of candy on Halloween, according to several reports. And the problem may be that investors were misled or confused by the name of the bond funds that they bought.
In the end, it's investors, not bond managers, who are left with a bellyache.
According to The Bond Buyer: "Franklin Templeton's "Franklin Double Tax-Free Income A" fund is 61% Puerto Rico debt, while Oppenheimer Funds' "Oppenheimer Rochester VA Municipal A," a Virginia-specific fund, is 33% Puerto Rico debt. Oppenheimer also runs several more state specific funds for North Carolina, Maryland, Arizona, and Massachusetts which each hold more than 20% of their assets as Puerto Rico bonds."
The returns for investments that stock brokers pitch to Mom and Pop investors as safe and secure have been dreadful, according to The Bond Buyer. The Franklin Double Tax-Free Income A fund is down 15.23% since June and down 13.74% year-to-date through Oct. 23. The Oppenheimer Rochester VA Municipal A fund is down 14.60% since June and 13.05% year-to-date.
Indeed, the municipal debt situation in Puerto Rico has deteriorated so badly that investment professionals believe that only hedge funds, which have huge appetites for risk, should be in that space. According to an article in Barron's by Michael Aneiro, an investment strategist for UBS at a conference last week said, "I would be really careful trying to play Puerto Rico or trade it. Hedge funds don't own Puerto Rico. They rent."
That's some cynical call by UBS, which is at the center of the Puerto Rico bond storm as it sold and packaged some $10 billion of the securities over the past ten years, selling them to local clients in closed end funds that are now collapsing.
Did UBS give similar advice to its clients over the past year when the firm's brokers were selling the closed-end, municipal bond funds? Did UBS give similar advice when brokers recommended that clients borrow money on margin or against their homes to pay for the bond funds?
Most likely not, although definitive answers to those questions will take months and years to come to light. Unlike UBS, Oppenheimer Funds or Franklin Templeton, Mom and Pop investors who rely on municipal bond funds to fund retirement don't have the luxury of years to wait around hoping their investments rebound. They want answers now, and so does, apparently, the SEC.
Zamansky LLC are securities and investment fraud attorneys representing investors in federal and state litigation against financial institutions, including UBS.
Jake Zamansky
I am an attorney who represents investors in court and arbitration cases involving stockbroker and investment fraud. My law firm, Zamansky LLC, is a "trend-setting" firm...


text:
Carriera

Club
Skorve cominciò la carriera con la maglia del Sogndal. Esordì nella Tippeligaen in data 8 giugno 1992, schierato titolare nella sconfitta per 5-0 sul campo del Kongsvinger. Rimase in squadra fino al 1995.

Nazionale
Partecipò al campionato mondiale Under-20 1993 con la Nazionale di categoria.

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Buckinghamshire County Council (BCC) is feeling the squeeze over adult social care, as the national audit office released an in-depth report into the growing adult social care crisis unfurling across the UK last week.
Every family is affected by the challenges of our ageing society. It is the Bucks Herald view The government must act now to build health and care provision fit for all.
What's striking is the consensus that there is no long-term plan for health and adult social care and that the result is a growing care deficit. Our health and care services are facing a perfect storm; the country's population is getting older and the number of care workers is insufficient to meet future demand.
The last national plan was rolled out in 2009, and has not been updated since, despite changes to social care legislation.
A care workforce that is suitably planned, supported and resourced would improve the quality of care, thereby improving the experience and safety of users, and in addition alleviate pressures on the health service.
The Department of Health & Social Care must create a long term plan for health and adult social care and local authorites must also act to create a plan in harmony with the national vision.
-Turnover and vacancy rates across the social care workforce are high.
-Growth in the number of jobs has fallen behind growth in demand for care.
- Providers and commissioners of care have raised concerns that low pay for care workers is contributing to high vacancy and turnover rates.
- The vacancy rate for nurses more than doubled between 2012-13 and 2016-17.
- There is no national workforce strategy for delivering sustainable adult social care, and local authorites like BCC are not taking the lead and implementing their own plans.
The report states: "The one and a half million people working in adult social care in England provide essential support to adults with care needs, yet the care sector is undervalued and its workers poorly rewarded.
After the announcement of the Budget, Council Leader Martin Tett said: "there is currently £9.8m in additional pressure on services to vulnerable people across the county - children's services and adult social care. The additional 3% adult social care precept will provide around £7.6m of this shortfall.
"We, along with every other County Council, are facing severe cost pressures in Adult Social Care and Children's Services. These pressures are forcing us to increase council tax - something I would really not wish to do, but we just can't avoid it.
Lin Hazell from BCC said: "We, along with every other County Council, are facing severe cost pressures in Adult Social Care.
"These pressures are forcing us to increase council tax - something we would really not wish to do but, but since the County Council's Government support has declined from nearly £61million five years ago to zero for the coming year, we just cannot avoid it.
"However we aim to do the best that we can within the resources available to us. We therefore are trying to focus more on how we can help people to stay independent through; improved re-ablement, early intervention and prevention services.


text:
Cheap Flights from PBI to LAX: When to Fly from West Palm Beach to Los Angeles
The cheapest times to fly from PBI to LAX are
January 8th to March 4th (except the week of February 12th)
April 16th to May 6th
August 6th to November 11th
based on data collected exclusively by Champion Traveler across tens of millions of flights. Among all the dates above, the very cheapest time to fly from PBI to LAX is early to mid September. Prices can be as high as $924 for Sunday flights during late July, or as low as $295 for Tuesday flights around early to mid September.
When to Fly to Los Angeles
Flying from West Palm Beach/Palm Beach, FL (PBI) to Los Angeles, CA (LAX) will usually cost between $303 to $582 per person if booking more than four weeks in advance. On average the very cheapest time to fly is early to mid September with an average ticket price of $307. Due to high demand the most expensive time to fly is late July, with an average price of $539. Planning your trip to low-cost times can easily save you $232 on economy flights and even more on first-class flights. Generally, any price below $356 can be considered a good price for a round-trip PBI to LAX flight.
See below for a graph of average weekly prices for the PBI to LAX route. All prices are for round-trip tickets in USD.
PBI to LAX Flight Prices
Compared to other flights, the PBI to LAX flight is much cheaper than the average and costs much less than the average flight leaving from West Palm Beach. The average price per mile (for a direct flight) is $0.1, which is far below average.
Tuesday is usually the cheapest day to depart and return on this flight. Sundays are the most expensive days to fly out or take a return trip. Selecting flights on the least expensive days could save you up to $175 (35%) on this flight.
Departing prices are for round-trip flights returning on the day of departure. For example, a flight departing on Tuesday and returning a week later will cost an average of $323. Return trip prices are from the LAX to PBI flight, and often highlight the quality of our data in showing the same trend.
Travelers looking to fly from PBI to LAX can generally find a 1-layover flight. Because there is not usually a direct flight option the real-world direct flight time of 5 hour 10 minutes may not be realistic.
Champion Traveler tells you which airports are nearby and whether tickets might be cheaper alternative airports nearby. Sometimes it's worth it to fly into a closer airport and then commute to your destination. Remember that there is not usually a nonstop flight from PBI to LAX while comparing.
Destination alternative #1: San Diego International Airport (SAN) in San Diego, CA
109 miles (175 km) away from LAX
Usually 4.21% less expensive than LAX
See PBI to SAN flights
Still have questions about flying from PBI to LAX? We've got answers.
You can find 13 major airlines flying this route most often: Alaska, American, China Eastern, Delta, Emirates, Frontier, Hawaiian, JetBlue, Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines, Southwest, Spirit, United, and potentially more during busy seasons.
How far away is it from Los Angeles International Airport to Palm Beach International Airport?
How long does it take to fly from PBI to LAX?
The real-world flight time for a nonstop PBI to LAX flight is about 5 hour 10 minutes.
How many flights go between West Palm Beach/Palm Beach, FL and Los Angeles, CA?
It depends on the day of the week and the date, but a typical day might have around 89 available flights from PBI to LAX.
Origination code PBI
Origination airport name Palm Beach International Airport
Destination code LAX
Destination airport name Los Angeles International Airport
City Los Angeles, CA
Longitude -118.4
Flights to LAX
SFO to LAX
KUL to LAX
YYC to LAX
RNO to LAX
Flights from LAX
LAX to NOZ
LAX to HLA
LAX to KKJ
TPE to SFO
DFW to SAT
TPA to ORD
PDX to SEA
DFW to DCA
ATL to JAX
CPH to PBI
BTV to PBI
CUN to PBI
PBI to GRZ
PBI to RAI
PBI to AVV


Dedicated 911 and 311 call buttons.
Photo of caller made with all 911 calls.
No handset and no cash removes to vulnerable breakage points in payphone usage.
Reconfigurable by location need. Time Square with high volume of tourists gets all modules.
Neighborhoods with less tourist traffic get fewer touch screens.
We want it to be a good experience but we also want everyone to have access to it. Therefore we need to limit the time that one could use it for free.
Free one minute voice call is like a text message and it creates a communication discipline.
Longer calls paid by card swipe, for examples locals calling home to Philippines, China or Guatemala or tourists wanting to avoid roaming charges calling friends and family back home.
Interior Design: showcase local art etc.
What else can we do with the standardized components of a payphone?
Cameras are installed on some of the payphones to take photo of the emergency caller.
In Time Square? Record a video for your family and keep a sample of the noises of Time Square. It's stamped and shipped by NYC payphones.
The payphone booth also functions as an information kiosk for both locals and visitors.


AVE offers a state-of-the-art customizable solution for optical signals and step lights for hotels. It's an innovative device, with "hidden" installation, that can be completed with exclusive Ave Touch front plates in glass and aluminium.
Designed to meet the needs of different environments, this device for light/optical signal can be customized through interchangeable films, with the possibility to regulate the light intensity in the area for customized label. So, the optical signal will be always clearly visible on the wall of hotels.
For the use of device as optical signal it's possible to choose from a vast list of films with writings or symbols (EXTINGUISHER, ALARM, WC, etc.), while for the use as step light, stair riser light and courtesy light there are available different kinds of coloured films in order to adapt the lighting to the hotel's needs.
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AP Photo/Arnulfo Franco, File
Trump Administration Ends MLB/Cuba Baseball Deal
HAVANA (AP) — The Trump administration is moving to end a deal allowing Cuban baseball players to sign contracts directly with Major League Baseball organizations. The change will once again require Cuban players to cut ties with their national program before signing with MLB. The Treasury...
AP Photo/Nick Wass, File
MLB, Union, Cuba Reach Deal For Players To Sign
HAVANA (AP) — Major League Baseball, its players' association and the Cuban Baseball Federation reached an agreement that will allow players from the island to sign big league contracts without defecting, an effort to eliminate the dangerous trafficking that had gone on for decades. The agreement,...