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Empower, evangelize, compassion: Rev. Kermit Culver's ministry journey
By: Doreen Gosmire, director of communications, Dakotas UMC
Kermit Culver, left congratulates, newly ordained Rev. Juwle Nagbe, during the Celebration of Life in Ministry Service. Photo by Joni Rasmussen, jlynnstudios.
As a 16-year-old, in Iroquois, South Dakota, Kermit Culver remembers hearing that he should have a personal relationship with Jesus. Culver was always involved in Methodist Church growing up. Shortly after turning 16, Culver started entertaining the idea that he was being called to ordained ministry.
A group from the Christian Mission Alliance Church, from Huron, South Dakota, came to Iroquois and was singing in the Legion Hall. During intermission, one of the members of the church group approached Culver and his brother and asked them if they wanted to be saved.
It made an impression on Kermit. He thought, "if this kid can invite me to give my life to Jesus, I could do that and should do that." It was a formative time for Culver's spiritually. He kept connected with the Mission Church. Pastor Dick Duggan led the congregation in Huron, South Dakota, and invited 30 young people in ministry, including Kermit.
"I wasn't a bad kid. I just knew something was missing in my life. I wanted everything. And I thought why wouldn't I want to do this," Culver says. "I was probably not paying attention, but I don't remember hearing anything like that. It was shortly after; still 16, I started entertaining the idea that I was being called."
Susan, Kermit's wife, was a member of the music group that was performing that night. That was their first encounter, they dated throughout high school, stay connected throughout their years in higher education, and married.
"I was probably not smart enough to understand that you could be a Christian and not be a minister," says Culver. "What I understood was you either had to be a missionary or a pastor. I knew I didn't want to go to Africa. So I thought well I could be a pastor."
He was invited to preach his first sermon in the fall of 1972. Culver illustrated, with yarn, how we are connected to God. "I was 16, in Esmond, South Dakota," he says. "Before that, my greatest ambition was to be a taxidermist. I might do that and be a farmer. That changed when I explored my call through that first sermon."
His parents rewarded the effort, with the money from the Esmond congregation, they gave him a gift of a leather Bible and a pocket watch with the date of the first sermon engraved it.
After high school, Culver attended Dakota Wesleyan University (DWU). He was involved in football, Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA), and religious life on campus.
His junior year, the campus pastor left. "He didn't show up work one Monday. He left his job and family behind," says Culver.
The president at the time, Don Messer, approached Culver and two of his buddies involved in FCA. Messer told the three, "You guys have to do campus ministry for the rest of the semester. We are not going to be able to hire someone right now."
That was the beginning of his ministry. He helped to lead chapel and Bible studies. He also headed out to the Crow Creek reservation during the summer and led ministry.
Culver's family was supportive. "My dad did not want us to stay on the farm. He wanted each of us to figure out what we wanted to do. They knew ministry was right for me," says Culver. "My dad wrote me a letter, after the death of a close friend, and said that I was on the right path."
After graduating from DWU, he was hired by Rev. Duane Voas, the older brother to Rev. Ken Voas, to lead youth ministry in Iowa. Culver spent a year at Iowa Falls, seeing young people give their lives to Christ.
"It was a great year. Some of the people that were engaged in the youth ministry are still in ministry today," says Culver.
Rev. Kermit Culver, far right, listens during a Dakotas Conference Cabinet. Photo by Dave Stucke, Dakotas Conference.
He headed to Asbury Seminary in Kentucky, where he focused on studying and completing his degree. Culver's first appointment was in Stickney, South Dakota. Rev. Ken Voas was the district superintendent.
"I thought we would stay there for my career. I loved it. A small town and farming community was right up my alley. Susan kind of wanted to have a grocery store that had green peppers availble. So, we decided that maybe we should move," says Kermit.
They moved to Rapid City, South Dakota to First United Methodist Church. There Culver focused on youth ministry and evangelism. Dick Ward was the lead pastor.
"I spent four years at First Church," says Culver. "When it was ending, there were four suicides, and one was the son of a pastor. It became a time of dysfunction and burn out for me."
Culver was called by Dr. Jim Beddow, who was the president of Dakota Wesleyan University at the time. Beddow invited Culver to return to DWU and lead the campus ministry. It was a half-time position.
"I had two children and needed a full-time job," he says. "So, I was given the opportunity to coach and teach. I had been a football player at DWU and always wanted to coach. I also wanted to give teaching a try."
He spent eight years of coaching, teaching, and leading campus ministry. The ministry grew into a full-time role, so Culver stayed connected but focused on teaching and coaching and let someone else lead campus ministry.
In 1996, Culver got a call while on vacation in Florida, from Rev. Art Scanson. Scanson was a district superintendent in North Dakota and invited Culver to be the pastor at First United Methodist Church in Bismarck, North Dakota.
"I told Art that I have a job I love. I don't want to leave," says Culver. "I went to Bismarck to meet with folks and asked them what they wanted me to do. They said they wanted help growing spiritually. I thought well that is good, but not measurable. Then a young woman said that the church had lost about 20 families in the last two years, and they needed help growing younger. That became my calling card for the next 20 years of ministry, helping the church grow younger."
Rev. Kermit Culver, right, addresses the 2019 Dakotas Annual Conference in Bismarck, North Dakota.
It was a ministry of transition and discovery. There were some struggles to try to live into a new expression of faith that is inviting to young families. In 2008, a capital campaign was launched to build a new building.
"We started this capital campaign in 2008, and the market crashed. We kept going," says Culver.
A new identity was established in 2010, Legacy United Methodist Church. The construction of the new building began in 2012, with the opening in the fall of 2013. When Culver arrived in 1996, the average weekly attendance was less than 250. Today more than 500 people are attending each week at Legacy.
In 2012, while on a sabbatical, Culver took the time to write and refine his mission statement, empowering others to love God authentically.
In 2016, Bishop Bruce R. Ough asked Culver to serve as the Northwest District Superintendent. A position that has allowed him to live out his mission—empowering to love God authentically.
"Bishop Ough asked me to be the district superintendent, and it interrupted my grand plan to move out of ministry at Legacy gradually. The move has been great for Legacy and me."
After 43 years in ministry, Pastor Kermit lives with a passion and spirit of evangelism. "I love what Jesus has done for me. I don't want to keep that to myself. I want other people to have and experience what I have."
He says there have been many mentors and great friends along the way, including Rev. Duane Voas, Pastor Dick Duggan, Dick Ward, and many others. DWU Ron Parks and Gordy Fossness were influential in Culver's life.
"My dad died my senior year in college. Gordy became my father figure," says Culver. "One thing I will always remember that Duane Voas told me was this, 'Kermit you have the skills, compassion, and commitment.' He gave me great practical advice. "
Several bishops have guided his ministry. Bishop Armstrong ordained Culver as a deacon. Bishop Bolten left an impression with this statement, "One can neither orchestrate or prevent the work of the Holy Spirit."
Culver says Bishop Michael Coyner changed the culture in the Dakotas Conference. "Coyner told clergy, who lived with a sense of doubt and scarcity, 'There are sinners in every town. Therefore, you are not out of business.' It encouraged me and gave me a sense that my work was important," he says.
Bishop Deborah Lieder Kiesey addresses the North Central Jurisdiction in 2016. Photo by NCJ communicators.
Bishop Deborah Lieder Kiesey was graceful and kind recalls Culver. "I will always remember her sermon at North Central Jurisdiction. It was brilliant and left a lasting impression."
"I have been especially grateful and enjoyed working with Bruce (Bishop Bruce R. Ough), says Culver. "Even though he pushes me. It's has beem a great appointment and experience."
Spiritual practices that keep Culver's faith burning include self-examination and self-discipline. He is not sure where God is leading him but will begin by nourishing his soul. "You can ignore your own need to fuel spirituality. I am looking forward to retirement getting into a rhythm with spirit practices. I have not always been good about sabbath," he says. "You can retire from your work, but you cannot retire from your calling and God."
The pending split of the denomination Culver sees as a chance to be better, not just different. "Let's not waste a good reformation. Let's come out of this better. Let's be truer to the Gospel and Jesus."
COVID-19 allows us to reset. Culver suggests that there are times when we push the reset button and times when someone or something else pushes the button.
A friend, of similar age, recently told Culver that, "The 60 years of our lives have been the best of times." Culver reflects that his parents survived the Great Depression. He has not had to live through such a time, only turbulence like Vietnam, and conflict in the Middle East. There has not been worldwide conflict. His life trajectory has been upward, of time perior where things always seem to be getting better.
"COVID changes that. It is a reset. I hope we reset our lives, faith, and our world," says Kermit. "None of us would have chosen this. I hope we don't waste this reset opportunity. It is time to look at what it is and isn't significant, that we are willing to give up."
As he moves into retirement status, Culver says, "My greatest joy is helping people figure out what God wants to do with their life. I think about the number of people I have encountered and where there are today. I hope I have been true to my mission."
Kermit will move with his wife Susan to Nashville, to live near their two sons. They have purchased a house along the Cumberland River. "I am going to mow in the morning and putt in the afternoon. God will help me to figure out what is next. Perhaps teaching, there are no borders or boundaries with God's call," he says.
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https://www.dakotasumc.org Dakotas Annual Conference of The United Methodist Church 605.996.6552 https://www.dakotasumc.org/media/library/fluid-mod-setting/12/logo/logo.png https://www.dakotasumc.org/media/library/fluid-mod-page/2/slideshow_home/Surprise_Lent_2021_web_banner2.jpg 1331 University Ave. Mitchell SD 57301-0460 US 43.69689310 -98.03291320 122 W. Franklin Avenue Ste 400 Minneapolis MN 55404 US 0.00000000 0.00000000 1331 W University Ave Mitchell SD 57301 US 0.00000000 0.00000000 1331 University Ave Mitchell SD 57301 US 0.00000000 0.00000000 http://www.facebook.com/dakotasumc http://www.twitter.com/DakotasUM https://vimeo.com/dakotasumc https://www.instagram.com/dakotasumc https://www.flickr.com/photos/dakotasumc/albums


text:
Bon-Ton settles with state on domestic violence claim
New York's attorney general says retailer The Bon-Ton Stores has agreed to revise its policy toward employees who are domestic-violence victims and won't require they have a protective court order to continue working.
The attorney general's office says the agreement affects 18 stores in New York and follows a complaint that the company discriminated against an employee in suburban Buffalo.
The woman informed her manager of death threats from her estranged husband, saying she filed a police report and was seeking an order of protection. She was sent home early and told to stay there until she received the order.
According to the attorney general, Bon-Ton will contribute $5,000 to the Erie County Sheriff's Department's Domestic Violence Unit.
A spokesman says the company doesn't comment on litigation.

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Q: How to validate that a user owns the requested resource through Rails API when using devise_token_auth I am building an API-only (for now) Rails app to serve as the back end for an Android app I'm building. I was previously using Firebase but wanted to do more processing on application data and I didn't want to bloat the mobile client with all the logic, so I am moving away from Firebase's real-time database and backing the application data using Rails. I was also using Firebase's authentication which is very straightforward. But it seems less complex for the overall system to keep all of this functionality in one place, so I'd like to perform auth and user management in the Rails app as well.
I have installed devise_token_auth (seen here) and finished the basic configuration. The /auth route works correctly if params are provided and creates a user. sign_in and sign_out both successfully create sessions and return some header information. The important parts returned are client, access-token, and uid, which I need to use in future calls to the API. I believe these are invalidated and replaced with each subsequent call. At this part of the flow is where I'm not sure how to proceed. I don't understand how the data in these headers is associated with the user who signed in and how I can validate that they own a resource they request. To summarize the question another way:
How can I sign a user into the API and then validate which user is making subsequent API calls?
My Android app is a task manager, so I need to be able to validate for example that if user 1 requests task 3, that they own that resource. I'm also unsure how to direct index calls using the API. That is, when the index endpoint is hit (/tasks), how can I identify from the data in the API headers which user's tasks I should retrieve.
I haven't been able to find any solid tutorials or samples using devise_token_auth so I'm having trouble stitching together the interaction between the pieces I have now. I know this is a meaty question - thanks in advance for any guidance.

A:
How can I [...] validate which user is making subsequent API calls?

With the current_user method. This is a built-in feature to the devise_token_auth gem.

I need to be able to validate for example that if user 1 requests task 3, that they own that resource

There are many different approaches you could take. You could just write some custom logic in each controller action, using the current_user method (and return 403 forbidden if necessary).
Or, you could use a popular "framework" solution for this such as CanCanCan or Pundit. I, and probably most of the modern community, would recommend Pundit.
I highly advise you to read that library's README, as it's extremely helpful. But for the example above, you could write something like this:
class TasksController
  def show
    task = Task.find(params[:id])
    authorize(task) # !!!
    render task
  end
end

# app/policies/task_policy.rb
class TaskPolicy
  def show?
    record.user == user
  end
end

(Note that by default, the "user" in Pundit policies calls the method: current_user. This is all explained in the project's README.)

when the index endpoint is hit (/tasks), how can I identify from the data in the API headers which user's tasks I should retrieve

Again, this is all handled as part of Pundit's standard features. You just need to define a TaskPolicy::Scope and call policy_scope(Task) in the controller - as explained here.

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West Ham fans live for days like this.
Spurs players; the club's connections; their manager; fans, and this reporter were embarrassed by this shocking result. After all, West Ham had not won a game at White Hart Lane this century, and had not won by such a margin at The Lane since April, 1994, which was also the last time they had managed to score three goals here. (It was 4-1 on that occasion).
The only two games we have lost this season have been London Derby matches. They have been two of the games we most hate to lose, and one wonders if the manager, and his players truly realise what those matches mean to we fans?
Credit to West Ham. They came with a game plan, which worked exceedingly well for them. Whenever we got into their half, they had ten men behind the ball, closing us down effectively. Spurs did have some chances, especially in the first half, but goalkeeper Jaaskelainen was not severely tested. That game plan of Sam Allardyce also featured an intent to attack on the counter, and the Hammers did this to good effect too.
What was it that moved AVB to select Jermain Defoe for his first Premier League start abode Soldado, for whom the club had paid a princely sum? Obviously Defoe has scored freely in the second string games in Europe and in the Capital One Cup, but he did not offer enough in this game to convince me the selection was wise. Defoe was of course caught offside a couple of times, and failed to convert a wonderful one on one opportunity at the start of the second half. He did not offer the clever touches we have seen from Soldado in tight situations.
This was a London Derby, and yet there were no bookings. One expects more passion in such games, which would normally make a card or two a natural event. The game was crying out for tempo from Spurs, which did not surface until the second half. Then when they went a goal down, against the run of play, heads went down whilst West Ham tails were up.
The "Y" word had of course been a major issue in the build-up to the game, with the police threatening to arrest anyone (home or away, inside or outside the ground) who uttered the word which has been a badge of honour for Spurs fans for at least 30 years now. The police contingent in the ground were concentrating on the away section, and the policy was tested sorely by home fans who greeted their team, and Jermain Defoe in the traditional way. I am not aware of any sanction upon this behaviour as yet.
On the face of it, the away fans showed a degree of restraint, but they gleefully suggested that Gareth Bale had left because we were **it. Later in the game they gleefully and ironically greeted their rare away victory.
The closest thing to a chance in the first ten minutes was when Defoe closed down Jaaskelainen, and nearly caused panic. Sigurdsson put a good ball through to Paulinho, who offered a shot which was blocked, and went out of play, not for a corner, but for a goal kick.
All game, the one Spurs player to offer any threat to the opposition was Andros Townsend. He made winning runs, and some decent crosses. Ultimately though, I feel that his end product fell below the standards needed at this level as the game wore on. Don't get me wrong, I love to see Andros in our colours, and I have followed him since he was a Spurs junior. I repeat, he was our best player, but he also could have offered more at times.
After 14 minutes, Michael Dawson was in the opposition half, and he sent Andros away on a run which worked out in his favour, after a rebound from a defender. Townsend fed the ball to Sigurdsson, who hit a right foot shot, which was saved by Jaaskelainen, moving down to his right.
Dembele made a run in the middle, skipping to his left before sending the ball in, which was half cleared as far as Paulinho, whose shot was, to be frank, poor.
There was a little delay because Jaaskelainen needed a change of footwear, which frustrated the home fans, who were already getting tetchy around me. Another good Townsend run gave Paulinho another chance, which was again spurned.
After a rare West Ham attack and a corner, Vaz Te glanced a header wide across the far post. Townsend won the ball in the middle and took it forward, before hitting a low cross that just evaded Defoe at the back post. Eriksen slipped the ball to his left for the advancing Paulinho, who was again off target.
Just before the break, West Ham were awarded a free kick just outside the box on the right. Noble took it quickly, and surprised the Spurs defence with his chip into the box, where Nolan met it. And hit a good shot just wide across Lloris.
Spurs did indeed start the second half with raised tempo, and Paulinho threaded a lovely ball through to Defoe within the first minute after the break. Defoe failed and was smothered by the keeper and his defence.
Dawson was penalised at the other end, and Noble again hit a good free kick, this time finding Diame on the left of the box. He fired wide across the goal.
Paulinho was fouled as he approached the West Ham box, and Eriksen's free kick to the back post could not be converted by the advancing Dawson or Vertonghen. Eriksen was the provider for an excellent chance for Defoe, who did test Jaaskelainen this time, who just got a fingertip to the ball to concede a corner.
Walker conceded a somewhat cheap corner, from which Lloris had to save a downward bouncing header. As Spurs tried to clear in front of the away fans, they called a for a handball, but the referee was having none of that.
Andre Villas-Boas made his first change, with Erik Lamela taking the place of Sigurdsson. To be honest, it was a long time before Lamela even got a touch, and I can't say he had an impact on the game.
Shortly after that substitution, West Ham won a corner on the right, from which Winston Reid scored at close range, against the run of play. His first attempt was actually blocked by his team-mate Noble, but Reid put in the rebound.
It wasn't long before West Ham added to Spurs' ignominy, after the lost the ball in midfield. Vaz Te was left in the clear, and whilst Lloris saved his first shot, the ball fell back to Vaz Te, who seemed to score involuntarily from the rebound.
Now AVB put on Soldado to play side by side with Defoe for the first time this season. Townsend crossed and Paulinho headed goal wards, but it was all too easy for the keeper. There was no way back for Spurs, after they had been on the attack, and Ravel Morrison broke clear on a fine run from half-way, before chipping the ball over Lloris. I thought that a team-mate had got the final touch, but Morrison's shot had rolled over the line.
Spurs huffed and huffed. West Ham's substitutions included two defenders, and the nearest Spurs came to a goal was an effort by Soldado. By now though, most Spurs fans had left, and West Ham fans chanted "is there a fire drill"
What more can I tell you? It was a truly horrible day. One could try to console oneself with the fact that Arsenal suffered a similarly embarrassing home defeat on the first day of the season, but Spurs, who could have gone above them with a good win today, have let us all down very badly.
Significantly, both Chelsea and Manchester City have won this week-end, and I fear that despite the signings and the pre-match optimism, we will be once again amongst the "also rans" this season.


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are the glaciers melting
However, they are rapidly melting due to the warming climate. Although floating ice does not change sea level when it melts (any more than a glass of water will overflow when the ice cubes in it melt), scientists became concerned that the collapse could foreshadow the breakup of other ice shelves in Antarctica and allow increased glacial discharge into the sea from ice sheets on the continent. (CNN) Deep channels discovered under the Antarctic's so-called "Doomsday glacier" may be allowing warm ocean water to melt the underside of … Never before have so many humans lived so close to the coasts: More than a hundred million people worldwide live within three feet (a meter) of mean sea level. The scientists check snow levels against stakes they've inserte… Climate change fuels sharp increase in glacier lakes, Massive chunk of Greenland's largest glacier bigger than Paris crashes into sea, Australia forecasts prolonged wildfire seasons, more droughts from climate change, Global warming to continue no matter what we do, study shows. NASA's repeated laser altimeter readings show the edges of Greenland's ice sheet shrinking. The famed snows of Kilimanjaro have melted more than 80 percent since 1912. Glaciers in Eastern and western Greenland have been melting faster than previously assumed, according to a new study from DTU Space and international partners. The ramshackle conglomeration of weather-beaten houses along the seaside gravel road stands protected from fall storm surges by miles-long berms of gravel and mud that block views of migrating gray whales. Next to one shack someone has planted three eight-foot (2.4-meter) sticks of white driftwood in the sand, then crisscrossed their tops with whale baleen, a horny substance that whales of the same name use to filter life-sustaining plankton out of seawater. He watched as CO2 level not only fluctuated seasonally, but also rose year after year. In one example, glaciers in … This saline water loses heat to the air as it is carried to the far reaches of the North Atlantic. Thawing permafrost has caused the ground to subside more than 15 feet (4.6 meters) in parts of Alaska. Researchers long ago predicted that the most visible impacts from a globally warmer world would occur first at high latitudes: rising air and sea temperatures, earlier snowmelt, later ice freeze-up, reductions in sea ice, thawing permafrost, more erosion, increases in storm intensity. Even without such a major event, the IPCC projected in its 2001 report that sea level will rise anywhere between 4 and 35 inches (10 and 89 centimeters) by the end of the century. "It's like watching the Statue of Liberty melt.". Photograph by Paul Nicklen, Nat Geo Image Collection, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/big-thaw.html, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, coasts are literally sinking by about three feet (a meter) a century. Two two-and-a-half liter (about 26 quarts) flasks in the suitcase fill with ambient air. That could trigger unrest as nations clash over water supplies. Across the mountains, glacier retreat was 50 per cent faster in 1990-2010 than it was from 1956 to 1990, data from the China Academy of Sciences shows. Just as arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the extremities, and veins return blood to be replenished with oxygen, oceans provide life-sustaining circulation to the planet. Glaciers act as reservoirs of water that persist through summer. Using both repeat photography and tree-ring studies, scientists have documented that trees are growing faster, becoming taller and filling in the spaces in between trees. The coldness and high salinity together make the water more dense, and it sinks deep into the ocean. In North Africa, an Algerian monk at Assekrem does the same. "If we don't have it, we don't need it," pronounces Daniel Fagre as we throw on our backpacks. Now all those impacts have been documented in Alaska. Thermally, a temperate glacier is at a melting point throughout the year, from its surface to its base. "It is inconceivable to me that the increase would not have a significant effect on climate.". "The changes observed here provide an early warning system for the rest of the planet," says Amanda Lynch, an Australian researcher who is the principal investigator on a project that works with Barrow's residents to help them incorporate scientific data into management decisions for the city's threatened infrastructure. Last year, Greenland set a new record for ice loss, shedding the most mass from its giant ice sheet in any year since at least 1948. Rapid melting of ice sheets in West Antarctica is already speeding up glaciers there, while scientists say Greenland is starting to melt faster than at any time in the past 12,000 years. All rights reserved. The gift link for this subscriber-only article has expired. They're threatening every species of wildlife imaginable, forcing them to relocate as their habitats become unlivable. 198402868E. "It's not a belief system; it's an observable scientific fact," Bates says. While the rate of melting was slower this year, a big chunk of ice broke away from the Arctic's largest remaining ice shelf - 79N, or Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden - in north-east Greenland in June and July. No. Contributing to global sea level rise are thermal expansion of ocean water and melting glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets. Arctic sea ice has thinned significantly over the past half century, and its extent has declined by about 10 percent in the past 30 years. Ice glaciers either break off into smaller icebergs and melt directly into the sea, or melt on land and form rivers that will empty into the sea. "Normally by now the ice would be coming in," Brower says, scrunching up his eyes and scanning the blue horizon. The three largest glaciers in Greenland—which hold enough frozen water to lift global sea levels some 1.3 metres—could melt faster than even the … When President Taft created Glacier National Park in 1910, it was home to an estimated 150 glaciers. The melting of the park's glaciers does have consequences, but for many people glacier retreat itself has … Scientists point out that sea levels have risen and fallen substantially over Earth's 4.6-billion-year history. In Washington State, the state with the largest area of glaciers in the contiguous United States, melting glaciers provide 1.8 trillion liters (470 billion gallons) of water each summer. Rapid melting of glaciers from China to Greenland and Antarctica also increases sea levels, threatening low-lying coastlines globally. This article is now fully available for you, Please verify your e-mail to read this subscriber-only article in full. Growing wildfire triggers evacuations at Glacier National Park. Local projects like that might not do much good in the very long run, though, depending on the course of change elsewhere on the planet. Glaciers gain mass through snowfall and lose mass through melting and sublimation (when water evaporates directly from solid ice). Fagre predicts that within 30 years most if not all of the park's namesake glaciers will disappear. Energy drilling removed vast quantities of subsurface liquid, which studies suggest increased the rate at which the land is sinking. Other causes may be important locally but are not significant on a global basis. We continue our tour. Melting Glaciers Are Filling Unstable Lakes. Scientists who assess the planet's health see indisputable evidence that Earth has been getting warmer, in some cases rapidly. Driving around Louisiana's Gulf Coast, Windell Curole can see the future, and it looks pretty wet. Thanks to … The ten-year-long World Ocean Circulation Experiment, launched in 1990, has helped researchers to better understand what is now called the ocean conveyor belt. Glaciers in China's Qilian mountains are disappearing at a shocking rate as global warming brings unpredictable change and raises the prospect of crippling, long-term water shortages. To see if a glacier is growing or shrinking, glaciologists check the condition of snow and ice at several locations on the glacier at the end of the melt season. Surface water moves in to replace it. In Europe, glaciers are also shrinking at shocking rates. In some places marvels of human engineering worsen effects from rising seas in a warming world. Glaciers around the world are melting — and for the first time, we can now directly attribute annual ice loss to climate change. Rising sea level produces a cascade of effects. Some of this calving and glacial melt is a normal process that glaciers undergo during seasonal transitions from winter to summer, and even through the summer. Arguably, the largest oceanic change ever measured in the era of modern instruments is in the declining salinity of the subpolar seas bordering the North Atlantic. Rising sea level, sinking land, eroding coasts, and temperamental storms are a fact of life for Curole. When the weekly collection is done, all the flasks are sent to Boulder, Colorado. The ice of a polar glacier is always below the freezing point from the surface to its base, although the surface snowpack may experience seasonal melting. They can read the article in full after signing up for a free account. By all accounts it has changed significantly in the past 150 years. The Inupiat language has words that describe many kinds of ice. An unprecedented 'mega-tsunami' could be caused by a melting Alaska glacier, scientists have warned. Oceans, in effect, mimic some functions of the human circulatory system. Since the 1950s, average temperatures in the area have risen about 1.5 deg C, Dr Qin said, and with no sign of an end to warming, the outlook is grim for the 2,684 glaciers in the Qilian range. We analysed two years in which glaciers … Until we resolve the issues, subscribers need not log in to access ST Digital articles. There, Pieter Tans, a Dutch-born atmospheric scientist with NOAA's Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, oversees a slew of sensitive instruments that test the air in the flasks for its chemical composition. If the West Antarctic ice sheet were to break up, which scientists consider very unlikely this century, it alone contains enough ice to raise sea level by nearly 20 feet (6 meters). The US state of Alaska is home to thousands of glaciers. Ivuniq is a pressure ridge. Sea water is evaporating constantly and is replaced by melting glacier water. Glacier National Park's glaciers support the American way of life by contributing meltwater to irrigation for agriculture, to cold streams for wildlife, and to lakes for recreation. "And it shouldn't be doing that unless something fundamental has changed in this part of the ocean.". You can read this subscriber-only article in full, All done! Vulnerable to sea-level rise, Tuvalu, a small country in the South Pacific, has already begun formulating evacuation plans. A picture taken on July 24, 2020, showing a breaking segment of the largest Arctic ice shelf. "It's happening as we speak," the 56-year-old Brower says as we drive around his home in Barrow, Alaska—the United States' northernmost city—on a late August day. Part of Antarctica's Larsen Ice Shelf broke apart in early 2002. But a log-in is still required for our PDFs. But the link between changing atmospheric chemistry and the changing oceans is indisputable, says Nicholas Bates, a principal investigator for the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study station, which monitors the temperature, chemical composition, and salinity of deep-ocean water in the Sargasso Sea southeast of the Bermuda Triangle. Graphic: Dramatic glacier melt. Even relatively small storm surges in the past two decades have overwhelmed the system of dikes, levees, and pump stations that he manages, upgraded in the 1990s to forestall the Gulf of Mexico's relentless creep. Global warming is speeding up melting and disrupting weather patterns that can bring too much or too little rain to the mountains. The waters of the fjords of Svalbard—the Arctic archipelago between mainland Norway and the North Pole—are known to snap, crackle and pop with the sound of melting icebergs and glaciers. The concerned experts claim the catastrophic event could even … Megacities where human populations have concentrated near coastal plains or river deltas—Shanghai, Bangkok, Jakarta, Tokyo, and New York—are at risk. Around the world, collectors like these are monitoring the cocoon of gases that compose our atmosphere and permit life as we know it to persist. The UN climate panel said in a landmark 2019 report the high mountain glaciers in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region, which provide water for about two billion people, are melting quickly and this could accelerate unless mankind makes deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Although melting glaciers are the most visible indicators of climate change in the mountains, the entire mountain ecosystem is responding. The 20 sq km glacier, known as Laohugou No. Bruce Douglas, a coastal researcher at Florida International University, calculates that every inch (2.5 centimeters) of sea-level rise could result in eight feet (2.4 meters) of horizontal retreat of sandy beach shorelines due to erosion. It's like taking the global sea-level-rise problem and moving it along at fast-forward. 14-year-old girl killed by falling rocks in Glacier National Park. Laohugou No 12, for instance, has lost 13m of ice, Dr Qin Xiang, the director at the monitoring station, told Reuters. By registering, you agree to our T&C and Privacy Policy. For Brower, these words are the currency of hunters who must know and follow ice patterns to track bearded seals, walruses, and bowhead whales. 2020 National Geographic Partners, LLC. The scenarios are disturbing even in wealthy countries like the Netherlands, with nearly half its landmass already at or below sea level. Glaciers in the Garhwal Himalaya in India are retreating so fast that researchers believe that most central and eastern Himalayan glaciers could virtually disappear by 2035. "I've probably ordered more evacuations than any other person in the country," Curole says. Since then the number has decreased to fewer than 30, and most of those remaining have shrunk in area by two-thirds. Walking through the various labs filled with cylinders of standardized gas mixtures, absolute manometers, and gas chromatographs, Tans offers up a short history of atmospheric monitoring. Get unlimited access to all stories at $0.99/month for the first 3 months. Continual melt from glaciers contributes water to the ecosystem throughout dry months, creating perennial stream habitat and a water source for plants and animals. Some of it makes its way to the roof of the world — the Himalayas — where it warms glaciers and accelerates snowmelt, according to a new study by an international team of scientists. The largest glacier in the world is the Lambert-Fisher Glacier in Antarctica. Since 1961, the world has lost 10.6 trillion tons of ice and snow. Alaska's Muir Glacier, like many Alaskan glaciers, has retreated and thinned dramatically since the 19th century. Spring freshwater ice breakup in the Northern Hemisphere now occurs nine days earlier than it did 150 years ago, and autumn freeze-up ten days later. Dr Qin Xiang and PhD student Jin Zizhen walking towards the Laohugou No. Before leaving the Arctic, I drive to Point Barrow alone. But it is not just the distance that glaciers are retreating. The engine running the conveyor belt is the density-driven thermohaline circulation ("thermo" for heat and "haline" for salt). The baleen, curiously, looks like palm fronds. A primary source for this rise is indisputable: humans' prodigious burning of carbon-laden fossil fuels for their factories, homes, and cars. You have reached your limit of subscriber-only articles this month. Most believe that human activity, in particular the burning of fossil fuels and the resulting buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, have influenced this warming trend. Himalayan glaciers melting because of high-altitude dust. In the fall and winter, when plants decay, they release greater quantities of CO2 through respiration and decay. This particular pair of images shows the glacier's continued retreat and thinning in the second half of the 20th century. In one example, glaciers in China's bleak Qilian mountains high on the Tibetan plateau are disappearing at an alarming rate, raising the prospect of crippling, long-term water shortages, scientists say. The system of channels and levees along the Mississippi effectively stopped the millennia-old natural process of rebuilding the river delta with rich sediment deposits. There's nothing quite like historical photos of glaciers to show what a dynamic planet we live on. He warns that too much change in ocean temperature and salinity could disrupt the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation enough to slow down or possibly halt the conveyor belt—causing drastic climate changes in time spans as short as a decade. Hence, it is normal for their melting process to occur. Dust, climate change and air pollution are triple threat to water source for a billion people. The rapid thinning, acceleration and retreat of Helheim, Jakobshavns and Kangerdlugssuaq glaciers in Greenland, all in close association with one another, suggests a common triggering mechanism, such as enhanced surface melting due to regional climate warming or a change in forces at the glacier front. While scientists like Bates monitor changes in the oceans, others evaluate CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Things have gotten bad enough that glaciers are practically on the edge of extinction. We finally know how fast the glaciers surrounding Mount Everest are melting—and it isn't good at all. SPH Digital News / Copyright © 2020 Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Co. Regn. The Tibetan plateau and the Himalaya-Hindu Kush mountain range are part of what is known as the world's Third Pole because the huge ice fields contain the largest reserve of fresh water outside the polar regions. SINGAPORE - Across the globe, glaciers are in trouble. There, at the tip of Alaska, roughshod hunting shacks dot the spit of land that marks the dividing line between the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. 12, has shrunk by about 7 per cent since measurements began, with melting accelerating in recent years, scientists say. "We have very significantly changed the atmospheric concentration of these gases. In southern Louisiana coasts are literally sinking by about three feet (a meter) a century, a process called subsidence. He's only half joking. In the Nile Delta, where many of Egypt's crops are cultivated, widespread erosion and saltwater intrusion would be disastrous since the country contains little other arable land. The rising temperature of the Earth is the primary reason glaciers have started to melt more, and this climate change can be directly tied back to human activity. So there, on the North Slope of Alaska, stand three makeshift palm trees. "I don't think anybody down here looks at the sea-level-rise problem and puts their heads in the sand." The deep, cold water flows into the South Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, eventually mixing again with warm water and rising back to the surface. The fate of many other glaciers in the region is bleak, too. The high end of that projection—nearly three feet (a meter)—would be "an unmitigated disaster," according to Douglas. The future breakdown of the thermohaline circulation remains a disturbing, if remote, possibility. The danger is that rapid melting will, initially, increase water flows in the next few decades. Barrow looks like a coastal community under siege. Mer de Glace, the longest glacier in France, has receded more than 2km up the mountain since the 19th century, with the pace of melting picking up in recent decades. Warm, salty water flows from the tropical Atlantic north toward the Pole in surface currents like the Gulf Stream. But it is in the deeper levels where Bates has observed even greater change. According to a recent paper published in the journal Nature Communications Earth and Environment, Greenland's glaciers have shrunk so much that even if … A new study shows they are losing 335 billion tonnes of snow and ice each year, more than half of that in North America. Eugene Brower, an Inupiat Eskimo and president of the Barrow Whaling Captains' Association, doesn't need fancy parts-per-million measurements of CO2 concentrations or long-term sea-level gauges to tell him that his world is changing. A census of the world's glacial lakes shows there are more than there used to be, and their water volume is growing. In his fire chief's truck, Brower takes me to his family's traditional ice cellars, painstakingly dug into the permafrost, and points out how his stores of muktuk—whale skin and blubber recently began spoiling in the fall because melting water drips down to his food stores. The 20 sq km glacier, known as Laohugou No 12, has shrunk by about 7 per cent since measurements began, with melting accelerating in recent years, scientists say. Just as concerning is the overall loss of mass, or thickness. This combination of effects has played the major role in raising average global sea level between four and eight inches (10 and 20 centimeters) in the past hundred years, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Billions of people, especially in Asia, rely on these vast storehouses of ice for drinking water, irrigation and hydropower. Furthermore, when salt water intrudes into freshwater aquifers, it threatens sources of drinking water and makes raising crops problematic. In the late 1950s a researcher named Charles Keeling began measuring CO2 in the atmosphere above Hawaii's 13,679-foot (4,169-meter) Mauna Loa. "That's out of date," Fagre says, stopping to catch his breath. Earth's glaciers are melting much faster than scientists thought. Carbon dioxide level has climbed from about 315 parts per million (ppm) from Keeling's first readings in 1958 to more than 375 ppm today. Melting glaciers land two insect species on threatened list. They're found in the western United States, Alaska, the mountains of Europe and … Switzerland has lost more than 500 glaciers since 1900. In this way Tans helps assess the state of the world's atmosphere. That made sense since, during spring and summer, plants take in CO2 during photosynthesis and produce oxygen in the atmosphere. 12 glacier, which has seen melting accelerating in recent years. Glaciers appear on almost every continent. Down on the bayou, all of those predictions make Windell Curole shudder. Tans and most other scientists believe that greenhouse gases are at the root of our changing climate. Perhaps they are no more than an elaborate Inupiat joke, but these Arctic palms seem an enigmatic metaphor for the Earth's future. "It's now less than 250 acres (100 hectares).". Oceans are important sinks, or absorption centers, for carbon dioxide, and take up about a third of human-generated CO2. That's because soon there may not be much sand left. Share gift link below with your friends and family. "We live in a place of almost land, almost water," says the 52-year-old Curole. In Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland, a lighthouse attendant opens a large silver suitcase that looks like something out of a James Bond movie, telescopes out an attached 15-foot (4.5-meter) rod, and flips a switch, activating a computer that controls several motors, valves, and stopcocks. Piqaluyak is salt-free multiyear sea ice. The giant Thwaites Glacier is one of the fastest-melting glaciers on the coast of Antarctica, and scientists are trying to find out why. A continuation or acceleration of that trend has the potential to cause striking changes in the world's coastlines. There are no words, though, to describe how much, and how fast, the ice is changing. They're doing what they've been doing for more than a decade: measuring how the park's storied glaciers are melting. I fall in step with Fagre and two other research scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program. Weather systems responsible for transporting moisture from the tropics to temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere have been gradually … Since the early 1900s, many glaciers around the world have been rapidly melting. Cold War-era satellites bring bad news about melting glaciers around Everest. Robert Gagosian, president and director of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, believes that oceans hold the key to potential dramatic shifts in the Earth's climate. According to a New Scientist report in 2019, visitors exiting a nearby train station could descend down three steps to reach the glacier in 1988. The seventh-generation Cajun and manager of the South Lafourche Levee District navigates his truck down an unpaved mound of dirt that separates civilization from inundation, dry land from a swampy horizon. We know their radiative properties," he says. Now Louisiana is losing approximately 25 square miles (65 square kilometers) of wetlands every year, and the state is lobbying for federal money to help replace the upstream sediments that are the delta's lifeblood. Meltwater gushes from an ice cap on the island of Nordaustlandet, in Norway's Svalbard archipelago. "This is what we did," says Tans, pointing to the parallel spikes. Glaciers are large sheets of snow and ice that are found on land all year long. When temperatures rise and ice melts, more water flows to the seas from glaciers and ice caps, and ocean water warms and expands in volume. "We're the guinea pigs," he says, surveying his aqueous world from the relatively lofty vantage point of a 12-foot-high (3.7-meter) earthen berm. We head to the eroding beach and gaze out over open water. Today, the main reason glaciers have begun to melt is because of human activity. We have been experiencing some problems with subscriber log-ins and apologise for the inconvenience caused. Rapid melting of glaciers from China to Greenland and Antarctica also increases sea levels, threatening low-lying coastlines globally. Propelled mainly by prevailing winds and differences in water density, which changes with the temperature and salinity of the seawater, ocean currents are critical in cooling, warming, and watering the planet's terrestrial surfaces—and in transferring heat from the Equator to the Poles. Changes in water temperature and salinity, depending on how drastic they are, might have considerable effects on the ocean conveyor belt. The three gases together help keep Earth, which would otherwise be an inhospitably cold orbiting rock, temperate by orchestrating an intricate dance between the radiation of heat from Earth back to space (cooling the planet) and the absorption of radiation in the atmosphere (trapping it near the surface and thus warming the planet). A marker indicating the level of the Mer de Glace glacier in 1990 is seen in Chamonix on June 17, 2019. Melting Glaciers. Something else about the way the Earth was breathing attracted Keeling's attention. The first thing that caught Keeling's eye was how CO2 level rose and fell seasonally. The cold runoff from glaciers also affects downstream water temperatures. We're armed with crampons, ice axes, rope, GPS receivers, and bear spray to ward off grizzlies, and we're trudging toward Sperry Glacier in Glacier National Park, Montana. But the recent rate of global sea level rise has departed from the average rate of the past two to three thousand years and is rising more rapidly—about one-tenth of an inch a year. There are 580 steps down to the glacier by 2019. "These gases are a climate-change driver," says Tans, poking his graph definitively with his index finger. Glaciers in China's bleak Qilian mountains high on the Tibetan plateau are disappearing at an alarming rate. Keeling's vacillating seasonal curve became famous as a visual representation of the Earth "breathing.". Glaciers that terminate in a lake or the ocean also lose mass through iceberg calving. From the Arctic to Peru, from Switzerland to the equatorial glaciers of Man Jaya in Indonesia, massive ice fields, monstrous glaciers, and sea ice are disappearing, fast. Our next stop is the old Bureau of Indian Affairs school building. The ejected section covered about 110 sq km, or about a seventh the size of Singapore. Exactly how large that effect might be on the planet's health and respiratory system will continue to be a subject of great scientific and political debate—especially if the lines on the graph continue their upward trajectory. With his French-tinged lilt, Curole points to places where these bayous, swamps, and fishing villages portend a warmer world: his high school girlfriend's house partly submerged, a cemetery with water lapping against the white tombs, his grandfather's former hunting camp now afloat in a stand of skeleton oak snags. In the waters between 820 and 1,476 feet (250 and 450 meters) deep, CO2 levels are rising at nearly twice the rate as in the surface waters. Everywhere on Earth ice is changing. In the past decade scientists have documented record-high average annual surface temperatures and have been observing other signs of change all over the planet: in the distribution of ice, and in the salinity, levels, and temperatures of the oceans. All rights reserved. The current trend is consequential not only in coastal Louisiana but around the world. This region is the source of 10 major river systems, including the Brahmaputra, Ganges, Indus and Mekong, which are economic engines of the region. So far, the results have been positively chilling. A trailside sign notes that since 1901, Sperry Glacier has shrunk from more than 800 acres (320 hectares) to 300 acres (120 hectares). "This glacier used to be closer," Fagre declares as we crest a steep section, his glasses fogged from exertion. "Things that normally happen in geologic time are happening during the span of a human lifetime," says Fagre. But a … One of the leading hypotheses seeking to explain this behaviour is that increased submarine melting of tidewater glacier fronts is caused in part by increased oceanic heat transport along glacial fjords, destabilising the tidewater glaciers. Glaciers could almost disappear in some mountain ranges by the end of the century. Meltwater feeding the rivers would then decline as the glaciers shrink. Rising sea level is not the only change Earth's oceans are undergoing. Tans shows me a graph depicting levels of three key greenhouse gases—CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide—from the year 1000 to the present. The largest glacier in the 800km mountain chain on the arid north-eastern edge of the plateau has retreated about 450m the 1950s, when researchers set up China's first monitoring station to study it. Yellow bulldozers and graders patrol the coast like sentries. Human activities are at the root of this phenomenon. A sinking coastline and a rising ocean combine to yield powerful effects. Of even greater concern are the glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica, which could push up sea levels by many metres in the coming centuries if the world stays on track to warm at least 3 deg C by the end of this century. The fate of glaciers around the world Melting dangerously . And They're Growing. Specifically, since the industrial revolution, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions have raised temperatures, even higher in the poles, and as a result, glaciers are rapidly melting, calving off into the sea and retreating on land. Sarri is the word for pack ice, tuvaqtaq is bottom-fast ice, and shore-fast ice is tuvaq. Ocean temperatures are rising in all ocean basins and at much deeper depths than previously thought, say scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Accelerated melting increases river flows and heightens the risks of floods. The projected economic and humanitarian impacts on low-lying, densely populated, and desperately poor countries like Bangladesh are potentially catastrophic. The enhanced melting leading to lubrication of the glacier base has been observed to cause a small … © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, © 2015- The once impenetrable permafrost that kept the foundation solid has bucked and heaved so much that walking through the school is almost like walking down the halls of an amusement park fun house. Melting glaciers don't just have massive implications for humans. Data from the Bermuda monitoring programs show that CO2 levels at the ocean surface are rising at about the same rate as atmospheric CO2. From the Arctic to Peru, from Switzerland to the equatorial glaciers of Man Jaya in Indonesia, massive ice fields, monstrous glaciers, and sea ice are disappearing, fast. 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Not just the distance that glaciers are retreating language has words that describe many kinds of ice normally.
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2020 are the glaciers melting


text:
Q: Array: extend \newcolumntype to \provide etc Consider the (silly) MWE:
\documentclass[]{article}
\usepackage{array, ragged2e}
% in a package
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}p{#1\linewidth}<{}}
% here
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{>{\RaggedRight\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}p{#1\linewidth}<{}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{R{0.3}c}
    Test & test
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

Clearly, there will be a warning:
Package array Warning: Column R is already defined on input line 6.

Now, I understand that the column type is redefined (it's not clear to me), but --- is it possible to extend the \newcolumnstyle thing in a way similar to xparse?
I mean, having the full set of

*

*\newcolumntype: should error out, say don't change current behavior for compatibility

*\providecolumntype (do not redefine if it exists)

*\renewcolumntype (redefine, no warning if it exists)

*\definecolumntype (redefine always, no warning)

I tried to dig into array.sty, but it's too uber-TeX for me... so I am asking to see if anyone has already done it... ;-). Just a way to have the equivalent of \providenewcolumn would be great.
Another option is to have a kind of conditional like
   \ifcolumndefined{R}{then}{else}%

or similar...
BTW: I know that I can silence the warning with
\usepackage{silence}
\WarningFilter{array}{Column R}

A: If you want to check if a column type exists you can use the same test that array.sty does for \newcolumntype:
\newcommand\ifcolumndefined[1]{%
  \edef\NC@char{\string#1}%
  \@ifundefined{NC@find@\NC@char}%
    {\@tempswafalse
     \@tfor\next:=<>clrmbp@!|\do
       {\if\expandafter\noexpand\next\NC@char \@tempswatrue \fi}%
     \if@tempswa \expandafter\@firstoftwo
     \else \expandafter\@secondoftwo
     \fi}%
    {\@firstoftwo}}

which will be true if NC@find@#1 exists, or if #1 is one of the primitive column types <>clrmbp@!|.  This test is not expandable (you probably don't need it to be, but to show off expl3), here is an expandable version:
\ExplSyntaxOn
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \rmano_if_column_defined:n #1 { p, T, F, TF }
  {
    \cs_if_exist:cTF { NC@find@ \token_to_str:N #1 }
      { \prg_return_true: }
      {
        \exp_args:No \rmano_if_primitive_column:NTF { \token_to_str:N #1 }
          { \prg_return_true: }
          { \prg_return_false: }
      }
  }
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \rmano_if_primitive_column:N #1 { p, T, F, TF }
  {
    \tl_map_tokens:nn { <>clrmbp@!| }
      { \__rmano_if_primitive_column:NN #1 }
    \prg_return_false:
  }
\cs_new:Npn \__rmano_if_primitive_column:NN #1 #2
  {
    \token_if_eq_charcode:NNT #1 #2
      { \tl_map_break:n { \use_i:nn \prg_return_true: } }
  }
\cs_set_eq:NN \ifcolumndefined \rmano_if_column_defined:nTF
\ExplSyntaxOff

(\ifcolumndefined is a copy of \rmano_if_column_defined:nTF, but you can also make copies of the other variants (:nT, :nF) or copies of \rmano_if_primitive_column:N(TF).)
Here's a full example:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}
% \makeatletter
% \newcommand\ifcolumndefined[1]{%
%   \edef\NC@char{\string#1}%
%   \@ifundefined{NC@find@\NC@char}%
%     {\@tempswafalse
%      \@tfor\next:=<>clrmbp@!|\do
%        {\if\expandafter\noexpand\next\NC@char \@tempswatrue \fi}%
%      \if@tempswa \expandafter\@firstoftwo
%      \else \expandafter\@secondoftwo
%      \fi}%
%     {\@firstoftwo}}
% \makeatother
\ExplSyntaxOn
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \rmano_if_column_defined:n #1 { p, T, F, TF }
  {
    \cs_if_exist:cTF { NC@find@ \token_to_str:N #1 }
      { \prg_return_true: }
      {
        \exp_args:No \rmano_if_primitive_column:NTF { \token_to_str:N #1 }
          { \prg_return_true: }
          { \prg_return_false: }
      }
  }
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \rmano_if_primitive_column:N #1 { p, T, F, TF }
  {
    \tl_map_tokens:nn { <>clrmbp@!| }
      { \__rmano_if_primitive_column:NN #1 }
    \prg_return_false:
  }
\cs_new:Npn \__rmano_if_primitive_column:NN #1 #2
  {
    \token_if_eq_charcode:NNT #1 #2
      { \tl_map_break:n { \use_i:nn \prg_return_true: } }
  }
\cs_set_eq:NN \ifcolumndefined \rmano_if_column_defined:nTF
\ExplSyntaxOff
\begin{document}
\ifcolumndefined{W}{W exists}{W doesn't exist}

\ifcolumndefined{R}{R exists}{R doesn't exist}

\ifcolumndefined{c}{c exists}{c doesn't exist}

\edef\x{\ifcolumndefined{|}{| exists}{| doesn't exist}}
\texttt{\meaning\x}
\end{document}


Anglefort is a commune. It is found in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the Ain department in the east of France. In 2009, 960 people lived in the commune. The inhabitants are the Clafordans. The local economy is mostly based around a silicon factory and an EDF dam used for hydroelectricity. The most important monuments in the commune are the Château d'Anglefort, a 13th-century castle, and the ruins of the Château de la Rochette. The Château d'Anglefort is listed as a monument historique. Famous people from Anglefort include Jacques-François Besson, bishop of Metz in the 19th century.


We are delighted to be recognized as one of the up and coming CPR training companies here in the beautiful mountains of Asheville North Carolina. In 2013 we look forward to meeting with more local companies and colleges to get everyone certified! Give us a call if you have any questions or comments, we look forward to hearing from you!


Arrive at the Cambodia/Laos border and after visa processing, meet with the Cambodian local tour guide and travel down to the boat dock where we will board a boat and navigate for an additional half an hour to the Cambodia/Laos border Community-Based Tourism, Preah Rumkel (the boat is a little bit noisy so it is suggested that everyone should use earplugs or something similar to minimize the sound. Travel by boat for around 30 minutes, 4pax/each, lifejackets provided). Some key highlights of the Preah Rumkel Community-Based Tourism are the flooded forest, endangered Irrawaddy Dolphins, unique biodiversity and the people. Upon arrival, one can stroll around to observe local livelihood, play volleyball with the locals, take a leisurely boat ride to catch a glimpse of the endangered Irrawaddy Dolphins in Anlong Cheu Teal Pool or take in a traditional performance by Mlop Baitong children (traditional performance is optional at a cost of 30 - 40 US$).
Our journey today is quite interesting and some highlights include a boat trip, trekking through the forest and more. After breakfast, get ready and we will board our boat for around 7km/1hr cruise against the current witnessing heart-stirring and scenic views on the river, as well as catching a glimpse of various birds. Our journey today is to head for Sopheak Mitt Waterfall where we will spend time to relax and enjoy the serene atmosphere and to enjoy our packed lunch (packed lunch arranged by the community). Before reaching the falls we will dock and start our trekking for approximately 3.3Km, up and download the hills, crossing streams, snaked through the jungle (dependent on individuals' physical strength, some may finish the trekking trip early than others. The rest of the day is free to relax). In the dry season from December to May, the water level of the Mekong River is low and the water as well as the waterfalls is very clear and wonderful.
Arise early to witness a breathtaking sunrise over the horizon and to see local fishermen start their day. After breakfast in the commune, board a boat and navigate to another community-based tourism site, O' Svay via a beautiful Ramsar Wetland (the boat is a bit noisy and takes around 20mn, 4pax/each, lifejackets provided). En route via Anlong Chheuteal, there is a chance to witness the rare Irrawaddy Dolphin. Upon arrival at O'Svay, a car will be waiting to pick us up and travel direct to visit Stung Treng Women's Development Center (SWDC) before continue heading for Ratanakiri (140km, approx. 2.5hrs.) There is a possibility to have lunch at Mekong Blue Restaurant (please advise one day in advance whether or not to have lunch so that the center will be able to prepare beforehand) and visit the center afterwards. Established in January 2001 by Mrs. Ngoun Chantha who used to work for Medicins Sans Frontiéres (MSF) and Partners for Development (PFD), SWDC evolved into a training and development center aimed at providing vulnerable women with basic literacy, health/nutrition and childcare education. A visit to the center is both an opportunity to learn about the process of sericulture being carried out by the women and a chance to contribute to the improvement of the local livelihood by purchasing the silk products made by these women. You will have an opportunity to discover the silk production process from the growing of mulberry tree and feeding the silkworm to the silk dying and weaving. (The Center is open from 07: 30 to 11:30 and from 14:00 to 17:00, Monday to Saturday. If a group arrives on Sunday, we will skip this center and drive directly to Ratanakiri. After check in at the hotel, we will continue to visit the magnificent Yeak Lom Lake and trek around the lake. Yeak Lom Lake was formed by a volcanic eruption around 4,000 years ago and is 50 meters deep, 800 meters across with a walking path around 2500 meters long and places to swim in the very clear and beautiful water.
Today you will take an early morning excursion to a bustling ethnic-minority market. Return to the hotel for breakfast before driving to the weaving handicraft village at Choeung Phnom. Visit the crystal clear Lumkut Lake and another market at Borkeo. Later in the morning, stop by the gem-mining region of Borkeo District and visit a Tumpoun minority village before continuing to Aundong Meas for a boat cruise on the Se San River where you will explore Charai ethnic graveyards in an abandoned forest. Enjoy a picnic lunch before returning to Ban Lung in the late afternoon.
In the morning, drive to Lom Phat to visit an old abandoned airport parched with bomb craters, a Laotian pagoda, and villages of ethnic minorities of the Charai, Laotian and Khmer people perched along the banks of the scenic Se San River. In the late afternoon, visit the Eisei Patamak Hill for a panoramic view of town and the statue of a reclining Buddha.
In the morning, we will leave Ratanakiri Province for Kratie (290km, approx. 5hrs drive) and stop en route stop to visit Kampi Pool to watch for the rare Irrawaddy Dolphin. Upon arrival in Kratie, board a local ferry heading to the last destination of the day, the Koh Trong Community Based Tourism Site. Koh Trong is an island situated in the middle of the Mekong River directly opposite Kratie Town. There is a 9km circuit road around the island's perimeter which provides opportunities for visitors to leisurely cycle or to take an ox-cart through traditional Khmer villages, fruit orchards and rice fields while observing the rituals and routines of traditional village life. Afternoon is one of the best times to explore the island. Keep an eye open for traditional rooftop decorations as the numbers on the top of the roof indicate house's construction year. Some houses even date back to the 1960s. The highlight of the tour includes leisurely cycling or ox-carting on shady trail around the island, visiting a Reforestation Project where you can plant a tree with your name (option), tasting a national renowned Koh Trong pomelos, visiting a floating village and pagodas and of course interacting with the villagers. Today, we will stay overnight at a home stay. Dinner at village. (A traditional Khmer home stay is equipped with only basic facilities such as a pillow, mattress, blanket and mosquito net (no AC) as well as sharing the sleeping area and bathroom.


text:
Beware of Mr. Baker
Beware of Mr. Baker's Jay Bulger On His Unlikely Path from Male Model to Documentary Film Maker
In the last 10 years Jay Bulger has been a Golden Gloves boxer, a day trader, a male model with a cover of Vogue Hommes under his belt, a music video director, a journalist, and a documentary film maker. Oh, and add cancer survivor to that list. He's also just 30 years old. The reason we've met up is to discuss his latest career move as a documentary film maker. He's just put out his first doc, Beware of Mr. Baker, about legendary and controversial rock drummer Ginger Baker. You can catch it at Film Forum now. But as we're in the business of fashion and Bulger is a former male model--we had to pick his brain about his former career as well as his new one. And since Bulger's modeling days are behind him, his take on male modeling and the fashion industry is delightfully unfiltered.


In The Heights was written by Lin-Manuel Miranda, of "Hamilton" fame, while a college student at Wesleyan. It tells the story of the Washington Heights neighborhood of northern Manhattan, whose residents are primarily from the Dominican Republic, and where Spanish is often heard on the streets and in the "bodegas" (small shops). The characters, including Usnavi, named after a ship his parents saw when arriving in the United States ("US Navy") and Nina, a Stanford student, have to react to their rapidly-changing world, and decide how best to follow their dreams. The show won Tony awards in 2008 for Best Musical, Best Score, Best Choreography and Best Orchestrations.
Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts is pleased to be presenting In The Heights. Our production of this captivating musical will be an all-school production, involving students from all four clusters: music, dance, theater and visual arts. The BTW performances of In The Heights will be held September 14-17 and 21-24. The shows will sell out quickly!. This musical is our annual fundraiser for the schools PTSA.
10 Tickets to the opening night Pre Party.
8 Tickets to the opening night Pre Party.
4 Tickets to the opening night Pre Party.
2 Tickets to the opening night Pre Party.
Once you have selected a sponsorship package. Pease select which night you would like to attend the show. Each sponsorship package comes with VIP seating to the show.


Warnings are issued to parents about which toys and household items are choking hazards to small children. We read the labels, listen to news reports, and do our best to be vigilant about what our little ones are putting into their mouths.
That includes food. Since their airways are so small, young children are at risk of swallowing bits of food that are too large, which can lead to choking. Whether you're feeding them or they're feeding themselves, accidents can happen.
Nuts can easily get caught in a child's airway due to their size. Additionally, tiny teeth may not be able to handle chewing whole nuts, so avoid giving nuts to little ones. Sometimes shells from the nuts restrict airways too. Wait until they are well over age 4, can sit while eating, and have learned how to chew their food completely.
Besides contributing to cavities, hard candy like lollipops sends thousands of kids to the ER each year. Even a small piece can get lodged in a child's throat. Avoid giving hard candy and marshmallows to your child until they are over age 5 and can chew thoroughly.
Because of their size and slippery texture, grapes are a major choking hazard. Doctors recommend considering a no-grape policy for kids under 4 or cutting them into quarters (or smaller) before serving them to your child. Similarly shaped foods like cherries should also be avoided at this age.
According to Johns Hopkins, one of the biggest threats to kids under 3 is hot dogs – even if you cut them up! Choking on a small piece of hot dog can lead to hospitalization if you're not careful. If you want to give your child hot dogs, make sure to cut them into thin strips or tiny, minced bits.
Like hot dogs, chunks of cheese and meat are difficult to chew for growing toddlers. Food should be diced so that it is no larger than 1/2 inch, and your child should be supervised while eating these foods.
Nut butters can get stuck not only to the roof of the mouth, but also in the throat. For kids under 2, skip the globs of peanut butter and other nut butters. When serving to older toddlers, spread a thin layer of it onto bread or crackers. You can also thin it out by mixing with something else, like water.
Chewing gum causes dangerously sticky situations for small children. They are prone to trying to swallow it or accidentally inhaling it while chewing. Do not give chewing gum to small children at all.
Vegetables should be cooked until soft, and cut into small pieces that are no bigger than 1/2 inch in size. It's suggested to avoid stringy veggies like celery or string beans altogether. Chunks of raw vegetables or fruits like carrots or apples should be avoided for children who are still learning to chew.
Popcorn shouldn't be given to kids until they're at least 4. ER visits are up for toddlers and babies because of kernels getting lodged in their airways.
New and seasoned parents should remind babysitters and other caregivers about these food dangers. Err on the side of caution and don't assume that these individuals are aware of (or pay attention to) this information.
Parents should also be aware of what they allow babies and toddlers to snack on while driving, pushing strollers, or engaging in other activities where they can't keep an eye directly on the child. Kids this young should also be seated when they're eating.
If your child is choking and you can't dislodge the item on your own, call 911. Don't try to remove the object unless you can see it, otherwise you risk pushing it further down the airway.
Local hospitals and other community groups offer courses on giving the Heimlich maneuver, first aid, and CPR to infants and children if you're interested in hands-on learning. Otherwise, there are tutorials available online that teach people how to administer these emergency techniques on themselves or others.
Were you aware of these food hazards for children? Have you ever been in a dire situation where a child was choking?


text:
Nkayi District may refer to:

 Nkayi District, Congo
 Nkayi District, Zimbabwe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I have pages on my blog for more about me and more about my dogs.
This entry was posted in Retrospective. Bookmark the permalink.
Hi Eileen. We found your blog very recently, and it is wonderful. I love your blogging ethos, your content and the knowledge and understanding of our best friends that comes through in each post.
I'd love to know what you do with your other dogs when you are training one of them. We can't train both ours together as they learn in quite different ways so one click definitely doesn't do for both. But if we remove one, or even talk it for a walk while the other is being trained, the remaining one is more attracted by where the other one has gone than learning (especially if it is nearbyand whinging because it can hear the clicker, or suspects there may be clicking elsewhere in the house). So both get less training time than we would like. How do you manage?
You are also an inspiration to me to be more disciplined and get my blog going – I have lots of technical content (not dog related) that I have been collecting for blog articles, but not got round to writing/posting, so it's interesting to hear that you have around 50 posts in draft. As with your content, it's "how to" information that isn't available freely elsewhere, otherwise I wouldn't have had to find it out for myself in the first place.
Thank you for the wonderful comments, titch990! Boy am I getting my R+ today! Stay tuned for some info on training multiple dogs. I've done a method Sue Ailsby recommends with one of my dogs and it has worked a charm. I will replay here later with some specific info or a link.
Thanks so much, titch990! The short answer is that I crate my other two dogs right in the same area while I am training one. They get an occasional treat. However, there is a wonderful method for training a dog to lie quietly on a mat (or in a crate with the door open) while you train another dog, and I have successfully taught one of my dogs this method. I wish I had recorded the beginning but I didn't. I first read about the method from Sue Ailsby, but I haven't been able to find the piece. I think it was a post on the Training Levels list. Anyway, there is a mental trick. You have an "active" dog and the dog who's going to learn to be on the mat while you do something with the active dog. The mental trick is that you put your focus on the "mat" dog. That is the dog who is learning the hard thing. You are training her to stay on a mat during distractions. The other dog is just a prop for now. The prerequisite is that the "mat" dog really should already have a history of lying on a mat for duration for treats, with moderate distractions. When that is the case, get out both dogs and tell one to get on the mat and feed her some treats one after the other. Turn away and give the other dog a treat really fast, then back to the mat dog with more treats, as long as she is staying. If the active dog is going to bother the dog on the mat, get a barrier. Basically you keep your focus on the mat dog but turn every few seconds and give the other dog a treat, then ask the active dog for easy behaviors and start treating that. Sits, hand targets, quickly turning back to mat dog. Then start extending the duration and difficulty of stuff you are doing with the active dog. Keep the treats coming for the mat dog. In a few sessions/days you can start to switch your focus and actually train the active dog. And this is the other secret I learned from Sue: it is not that you give the mat dog a treat every time the active dog does something right. You are teaching the mat dog that she is being trained and performing a behavior separately, all on her own. You can use a click or marker word for each dog separately and as long as you are facing them and focusing on them, they'll generally get it. I have taught this to Pushy Clara, and she of all my dogs can stay on a mat while I do very active stuff with another dog. She knows that she'll get the occasional treat, more than if she were just waiting in her crate. The only hard thing for her is releases. If I am teaching the active dog a duration behavior, sometimes Clara gets up when I give the other dog the release word. That's because I don't have their separate release words very well trained. But we're getting that straightened out. Here's a quick video of what Clara can now do. If we can do this, you can!
I hope you will publish your content! You never know whom you might help and communicate with.
Lovely, Eileen. I really enjoyed "getting to know you" and what drives you to blog. I admire the balance of writing, video and training that you seem to maintain — with 4 dogs!
Thanks so much, Carolyn. My secret is that making videos is what tends to get me to train more!
Loved your goals. If I already admired you before, I admire you even more now! I wish you much success! and many blogs that post ever! Sorry for the bad english.
Great comments! I learned so much from your responses, thanks f or being so candid!
Thanks so much Coralee. That project turned out to be really fun and I'm glad you liked my responses. I learned a few things I hadn't thought about before.
I recently found your blog and started following. After reading this, your motivations and plans, I can see why I like your content! I look forward to continuing to follow your blog throughout this year and into your blog's first birthday. 🙂 Happy blogging.
Thanks, Tegan! Your words warm my heart!
I really like the way you balance your wonderful photos and writing, along with your confessions. It can get a little, well, boring, to hear only of successes. You are a wonderful teacher and an inspiration. Love your humanity.
Thank you so much Gail. I think I'll always have plenty of confessions and failures!
Your blog is a joy, and I love watching you train your wonderful dogs.
How do you get to the goal of training every day? I have the time, my dogs are with me all day long; but often the days go by without any set apart training on my part. Help? I tend to get easily distracted by other things going on.
Thank you so much, Helen! For me I make very modest goals, set up things to make it as easy as possible to train, and don't get down on myself if I don't. Probably the most important thing for me is to have treats ready. For most training in the house now I use either their meal kibble or cut up pieces of Natural Balance roll. I try to have some always cut up, because I HATE cutting up treats. I keep jars of dry treats around. I use the concept of "splitting" in other ways as well. Do tiny things towards my goal. If I'm going to try to train in the morning, I'll get out my training notes binder the night before and make some decisions about what to train, and leave the binder out, with whatever props I might need. On really busy days or days when I am mentally fatigued, I might pull out 12 pieces of kibble from each dog's breakfast and do one thing with them. The littlest things can keep me training a certain behavior. My dogs don't commonly wear collars in the house, so when it comes to stuff that requires collars and leashes, I often procrastinate. Just that one extra step of going to get three collars and some leashes can put that down to the bottom of the list. So sometimes I will have "themes." OK this week all three dogs get to work on collar grabs or leash exercises so they are just going to wear their collars all the time. Finally, my friend Sharon Wachsler has a really nice piece called Tips for Tired Trainers. It is aimed towards people who are chronically ill or fatigued, but can be helpful to any trainer who is trying to make it easier for herself to train. I hope something in here is helpful! It can be a real challenge to train sometimes.
Thanks for your kind words, Julie! That's the thing that keeps me blogging! Your training suggestion is great too. I do the round robin thing with three dogs. That's great that you are starting with the puppy. There is another up side to it that I have discovered. That is, that training sessions last longer. While they are in the crate watching the other dog, waiting their turn, they are anticipating their turn. They're not just lying around being bored. So even though each dog may train for, say, 10 minutes (in 2-4 minute "turns"), that experience is spread over half an hour.
Thanks for your reply, Eileen.
I started scent discrimination yesterday. Whenever I train, I find the old saying, "It takes only a minute". My preception is always greater than reality.
When I train, I love it. It is my favorite thing. The dust will be there, hair on the floor; but the dogs will not always be there. They are waiting for my undivided attention.
That is a lovely truth, Helen. And believe me, in my case, the dust and hair are definitely there!
It's so nice to meet you and your dogs, Eileen – thanks for taking part in the Challenge! Tips on training the dogs are always welcome, so I'm looking forward to following your blog. Best of luck in 2013 and happy new year.
Thank you for your kind words and for coming by! Happy New Year to you too, and thanks for the Challenge!