text:
Why Drupal is King
I often get asked this question.... so here is my answer....
Most have been pulled from other sites, and links to those sites have been included... The last section are my own personal thoughts...
Here are some 'points' with explanations I've pulled from, http://www.volacci.com/blog/ben-finklea/2010/march/31/9-reasons-why-drupal-best-cms-seo, which starts with:
If you are in need of a search engine-friendly website built with an open source content management system (CMS), Drupal is your knight in shining armour.
Drupal is a great platform for building your website. It is a very powerful system that can be used for large, complex sites like www.whitehouse.gov, www.mensa.org, and http://www.lefigaro.fr, the oldest and second-largest newspaper in France. Some other sites you may also have heard of include: The Discovery Channel, Warner Bros. Records, The United Nations, and General Motors.
It's widely believed that Drupal is one of the best choices if you want to rank well in the search engines. I personally believe that it's hands-down the best possible platform for SEO. I've seen clients triple their traffic within a few weeks of switching from a lesser platform.
It then lists:
Search engine optimized URLs. Unlike WordPress, Drupal gives you complete control over URL structure. Each item of content created in Drupal (called a node) can be given a custom URL, called a URL alias. You can even set it to automatically generate user- and search engine-friendly URLs based on content type (blog post, page, user), title of the post, keyword, date, time, or any other information related to the node. In WordPress, you are generally limited to one type of permalink URL for all posts. You can override it, but it's much less specific than Drupal's URL aliases. For years, Joomla was lacking in search engine-friendly URLs and the ability to fix them. It now offers a built-in "search engine-friendly" functionality, but it lacks the functionality and control over the URL's parameters.
Ease of editing and revisions. Even the most professional companies make mistakes. Drupal's built-in version control allows you to save new versions of your Web pages every time they are edited. This gives you the ability to revert back to old versions at any time. Want to try a new marketing message on your site? Type it in. Didn't work? Revert to the previous page.
The organizational wizardry of taxonomy. Drupal has a very powerful, built-in taxonomy (categorization) system that allows you to organize and tag content with keyword-rich terms. For example, you can use free tagging for types of content like blogs or products, while your news or tutorial sections might have a list of categories that can only be selected from a dropdown that is defined by the webmaster. You can also have hierarchical categories, with single or multiple parent categories.
Multiple user management. Drupal is almost as well-known for its community as it is for being easily optimized. That's because Drupal was designed for community-based websites, and has a strong user role and access control functionality. There are no limits to the user roles and access levels you can create and customize - for example, "anonymous visitor," "authenticated user," "editor," "webmaster," "admin," and "moderator."
Page titles. The page title is the single most important on-page thing you can do to improve the SEO of your website. Page titles, the line of text in the HTML of a Web page that summarizes what that page is about, act as the welcome mat for your website. Drupal can generate a page title automatically by using the site name and node title (product title, news article title, etc) for individual nodes. You can also take control by writing your own page titles anywhere you can create content.
Better integration with Google Analytics. Have you ever wondered how much your own clicking around and working on your website skews your analytics data? Not if you have a properly configured Drupal site. Using the Google Analytics module for Drupal, you can dynamically show and hide analytics code based on several factors, including if the user is logged in as an admin. You can even not track certain sections of your site, not track certain user types (like people logged in as company employees), and cache the Google Analytics code locally, which will speed up your page load times. All within Drupal. No programming required.
Passionate and active community. Drupal has a large community of users and developers who are very active and passionate about the CMS. More than 650,000 user accounts have been created on Drupal.org, and more than 2,000 people have registered developer accounts. You can find hundreds of community-contributed modules that help make Drupal a better experience. Drupal forums offer support and you can find other Drupal users in Drupal Groups.
Drupal SEO is easy. Just use the Drupal SEO checklist module, go through the simple, step-by-step instructions, and you're well on your way to the best SEO experience you've ever had on a CMS. (https://drupal.org/project/seo_checklist)
Stable! It is a powerful and flexible framework for creating dynamic, reliable, and scalable websites. Drupal uses a database abstraction layer with support for several engines such as MySQL and PostgreSQL. Along with support for database table prefixes, Drupal has been extensively tested under high loads (such as a "Slashdot effect") and also includes built-in throttling and caching for optimal performance.
…and some more from here: http://www.ross.ws/content/why-drupal-best-choice-building-our-website
Drupal is a powerful and flexible framework for creating dynamic, reliable, and scalable websites. It has built-in support for custom content types, rich editing, and content revisioning; user comments and forums; clean and search-engine friendly URLs; modular theming; tagging with keywords and taxonomy terms; image galleries; support for an unlimited number of web pages; user authentication, sessions, permissions, and management; internationalization and localization; and much more.
Site content and settings are saved for you in a database, which can be backed up (manually or automatically), for greater security.
Drupal allows website owners to add and modify the content easily, without having to understand HTML or other technologies.
Drupal is optimal for building search-engine friendly websites, including standards-compliant HTML/CSS, dynamic page titles, meta tags, customizable and readable URLs, RDF support, and Google Analytics integration.
It is based upon the most commonly used and trusted Web technologies available, including PHP and MySQL.
Drupal is actively maintained, tested, and improved — including updates for any security problems discovered.
Drupal is more secure than the only two CMSs more commonly used, WordPress and Joomla. Drupal's dedicated security team has more than 40 experts, who will unpublish any modules with unresolved security issues. Also, Drupal's password security meets the requirements for US government agencies. In fact, the White House website was built using Drupal.
Drupal is built using high-quality, modular code that has been well tested, during its successful 10-year history.
It offers high performance, with built-in caching and scalability to multiple servers.
Almost half a million websites worldwide run on Drupal, including those for such demanding clients as Fortune 500 companies, universities, non-profit organizations, and governments. Wikipedia, Sony, Viacom, Warner Brothers, Yahoo, and others run high-traffic Drupal websites, and have made strategic business decisions to invest in it.
Here is a nice bit of text that pretty much answers the question in one go… it's here for reference: http://www.avenuewebmedia.com/why-use-drupal and goes like:
We have chosen Drupal as our development platform of choice after comparing it to just about every other platform and CMS available.
Drupal is an Open Source Content Management System (CMS), designed for power and flexibility. Considered by many as the most important platform for the PHP programming language, Drupal has a large fan-base of professional developers that use the software for all sorts of commercial projects, and often contribute to extend Drupal with their own work.
Drupal excels as a CMS and also as a development platform. It has a strong core capable of large flexibility. This means that the system can support many types of features with ease, from shopping carts to user profiles, calendars, galleries and beyond. Drupal can handle just about anything you can imagine. As developers, we embrace this flexibility because it allows us to turn any website dream into reality.
Drupal is also robust and safe. With over 700 developers working on the latest version of the core, a platform like Drupal has endured rigorous testing and deep scrutiny before it is allowed to become part of your website.
Drupal is also very cost effective because it allows us to develop complex sites in a fraction of the time it would take using other technologies. With thousands of community-contributed modules extending the flexibility of Drupal, chances are that Drupal already supports whatever feature you can imagine; and even if we can't find a module that suits your needs, we can build new modules relatively quickly.
Also, and perhaps just as important as everything else, Drupal can be setup to be extremely user and search-engine friendly, making your site a pleasure to navigate and a hotspot for the search engines.
And of course, Drupal gives you direct access to manage your site. We can set you up with various levels of permissions and access to different areas for registered members, contributors and content editors. You can update the site yourself and/or delegate content management tasks to other members of your team. Content Management with Drupal can be as easy as typing a letter on Microsoft Word, and you have instant access to each and any area of your site.
For all these reasons Drupal is the clear choice, and the choice of many other professional development companies as well.
… and my opinion… in my own words…
I think you really need to look at things from a user point of view… Yes, Drupal was designed and built from a different perspective to other CMS systems like Wordpress, so it is therefore more powerful and equipped to deal with larger, heavier tasks… But it was also designed to be 'Open Source' so you don't have to pay for an expensive license, for a system that can't be easily fixed, improved or expanded, as in some enterprise solutions… But put all of that technical jargon to one side for a moment and look at the system from an administrators point of view, someone sat in the office having to add or edit something…
In my opinion, it's the way Drupal handles 'content' that crowns it 'king'… Each news article, event, product, office address is entered into the system as a piece of 'content'… These pieces of 'content' are organised into groups called 'content types'. Each 'content type' can be set up with its own unique fields, dropdowns, image uploads depending on what is needed. So a site 'administrator' needing to create a new 'news article' can simply click 'add new news article', fill in the fields of the form, and the system does the rest… This makes adding or editing really easy for the admin team.
Drupal allows staff to be given an access level in the form of a 'role', i.e. 'administrator', 'blog author', etc. Access to add/edit a piece of content can be restricted to 'roles', which means that certain members of staff can be restricted to only adding or editing content they're responsible for… i.e. we could create a role called 'recruitment' and create user accounts for the careers team allowing them to only add/edit 'Job Vacancies' on the site. Another role could be 'news author' which again allowed a certain group of people access all of the news articles, but without allowing access to 'Job Vacancies', or other 'content types'. Meanwhile and 'administrator' has full access to add/edit all 'content types' as well as some of the system settings.
This allows a company website to become very active with up-to-date content from a variety of people without anyone treading on anyone else's toes, yet allowing the admin team full control over everything. In short, 'Professional power and flexibility in a real world scenario'….
Jon Moore
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Using MySQL with Node.js and the mysql JavaScript Client
React with TypeScript: Best Practices
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15 Top WordPress Themes to Use in 2020
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5 ways to be more creative in 2020
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Five Digital trends for 2020
The importance of localisation and how to implement and test it in React
Pepsi pops open new tagline: 'That's What I Like'
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© Jon Moore 2020
All stock images are from www.istockphoto.com


Phenylketonuria (PKU), which primarily results from a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), is one of the most common inherited inborn errors of metabolism that impairs postnatal cognitive development. The incidence of various PAH variations differs by race and ethnicity. The aim of the present study was to characterize the PAH gene variants of a Han population from Northern China.
In total, 655 PKU patients and their families were recruited for this study; each proband was diagnosed both clinically and biochemically with phenylketonuria. Subjects were sequentially screened for single-base variants and exon deletions or duplications within PAH via direct Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).
A spectrum of 174 distinct PAH variants was identified: 152 previously documented variants and 22 novel variants. While single-base variants were distributed throughout the 13 exons, they were particularly concentrated in exons 7 (33.3%), 11 (14.2%), 6 (13.2%), 12 (11.0%), 3 (10.4%), and 5 (4.4%). The predominant variant was p.Arg243Gln (17.7%), followed by Ex6-96A > G (8.3%), p.Val399 = (6.4%), p.Arg53His (4.7%), p.Tyr356* (4.7%), p.Arg241Cys (4.6%), p.Arg413Pro (4.6%), p.Arg111* (4.4%), and c.442-1G > A (3.4%). Notably, two patients were also identified as carrying de novo variants.
The composition of PAH gene variants in this Han population from Northern China was distinct from those of other ethnic groups. As such, the construction of a PAH gene variant database for Northern China is necessary to lay a foundation for genetic-based diagnoses, prenatal diagnoses, and population screening.
Phenylketonuria (PKU, #OMIM 261600), which exhibits autosomal recessive inheritance, is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism. PKU is caused by variations within the gene encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), an enzyme that converts phenylalanine to other compounds, that result in the accumulation of phenylalanine (Phe) to neurotoxic levels . Untreated PKU is associated with progressive intellectual impairment, accompanied by a constellation of additional symptoms, including eczematous rash, autism, seizures, and motor deficits. Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) comprises a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders, including deficiencies in PAH, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and DNAJC12 , which are associated with six genes (PAH, PTS, GCH1, QDPR, PCBD1, and DNAJC12). Deficiency of the GFRP was so far not reported, and it is unclear if it would present with HPA as well. Notably, while PKU always causes HPA, not all cases of HPA are due to PKU. As timely screening and accurate diagnosis of HPA are important for treatment, PAH gene analysis is critical for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and correct treatment of this disorder.
The human PAH gene, which is located on chromosome 12q23.2, consists of 13 exons spanning 90 kb that encode a monomer protein of 452 amino acids. According to the open-access locus-specific database (LSD) (http://www.biopku.org/home/pah.asp), there are more than 900 known variants of this gene. As such, LSD is an invaluable resource of information for more efficient classification and management of patients .
Here we performed a comprehensive analysis of PAH gene variants compiled from 655 PKU patients and their families from Northern China. The primary aim of this study was to provide a basis for rapid and efficient genetic-based diagnosis, genetic counseling for the families of patients, and prenatal diagnosis of PKU in northern China.
A total of 655 unrelated Han families, in which at least one member was diagnosed with PKU, were recruited at the genetic counseling clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, the neonatal screening center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, or Zhengzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital between January 2008 and January 2016. The ancestral home of all subjects was in the Northern provinces of China. Patients with BH4 cofactor deficiency were excluded. Samples were collected via a newborn screening program. Each of the patients studied was diagnosed with HPA. Twelve patients were deceased when the parents came to the clinic, and the medical data for these individuals were integrated. The pretreatment plasma Phe level for each patient was >120 μmol/L (genotypes observed in patients with phenylketonuria and clinical phenotypes are provided in Additional file 1), as quantified in dried blood spots via the fluorescence test and tandem mass spectrometry. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and was performed according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects or guardians provided signed informed consent.
Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients and parents in each of the 643 core families. For the 12 deceased-proband families, samples were collected only from the parents. Genomic DNA was extracted from each sample, and PCR primers were designed to amplify each of the 13 exons of the PAH gene, as well as their flanking introns, using previously published sequencing data . PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally using an ABI 3130-xl gene analyzer (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). To identify nucleotide variations, sequences were aligned and inspected using a reference sequence from Ensembl (NM_000277). To determine sequence variability, variable sites in patient genes were aligned with the corresponding sites from the respective parents. We excluded non-biological relationships in de novo-variant pedigrees using the Promega PowerPlex 21 HS system (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA).
DNA samples harboring one or no variant(s), as determined by sequencing, were confirmed and assayed separately for PAH copy-number variants by MLPA analysis using a PAH MLPA kit (SALSA P055; MRC-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), according to the manufacturer's protocol. Amplification products were separated using an ABI 3130-xl Genetic Analyzer. Raw data were analyzed using GeneMapper® Software Version 4.2 to estimate the size of the PCR products and to obtain peak areas. Height ratios of fluorescent peaks that were lower than the normal height ratio (0.7) were indicative of the presence of exon deletions.
Previously characterized pathogenic variants were identified by comparison with those deposited in disease databases, including the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and BIOPKUdb. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were further excluded by querying the 1000 Genomes Data (http://www.1000genomes.org/), dbSNP, and HapMap databases. Novel variants were named according to the international gene mutation nomenclature system (http://www.HGVS.org/varnomen). The pathogenic effects associated with variations of interest were calculated using prediction tool algorithms (e.g., PROVEAN, PolyPhen-2, and MutationTaster).
In this study, potential disease-causing mutations were identified in 1266 of the 1310 independent alleles tested (detection rate = 96.6%). A total of 613 (93.6%) patients were completely genotyped. Among the fully genotyped patients, 534 (81.5%) carried compound heterozygous variants, 63 (9.6%) carried homozygous variants, 40 (6.1%) harbored a single heterozygous variant, and 16 (2.4%) harbored three separate variants. Notably, however, we failed to detect variant alleles in two (0.3%) patients.
A spectrum of 174 distinct PAH gene variants was detected in the 655 PKU families recruited in this study (high frequency and novel variants are summarized in Table 1, while the complete list of variants is provided in Additional file 2). These variants fell into seven categories: missense variants (107, 61.4%), splicing variants (34, 19.4%), nonsense variants (16, 9.2%), small deletions (10, 5.7%), large deletions (6, 3.4%), insertion variants (1, 0.6%), and indel variants (1, 0.6%).
p.Arg243Gln (17.7%) was the most prevalent variant, followed by Ex696A > G (8.3%), p.Val399 = (6.4%), p.Arg53His (4.7%), p.Tyr356* (4.7%), p.Arg241Cys (4.6%), p.Arg413Pro (4.6%), p.Arg111* (4.4%), and c.442-1G > A (3.4%). These nine variants accounted for 58.7% of all variant alleles detected.
The 174 distinct variants were distributed throughout the 13 exons and flanking intron regions of the PAH gene; however, the largest number of variants was observed in exon 7 and its flanking intron regions (33.3%, 423/1269), followed by exon 11 (14.4%, 183/1269), exon 6 (13.1%, 166/1269), exon 12 (10.9%, 138/1269), exon 3 (10.4%, 132/1269), and exon 5 (4.4%, 56/1269) (Table 2).
Of the 53 PKU patients subjected to MLPA genotyping analysis, 13 contained exon deletions. Specifically, we detected a deletion spanning the 5′-UTR and exon 1 in eight patients, a deletion of exon 3 in one patient, a deletion of exon 5 in one patient, a deletion of exons 4 and 5 in two patients, and a deletion of exons 4–7 in one patient.
By screening the corresponding variant gene sites of the parents, we found that two patients carried de novo variants. Paternity testing was subsequently performed to confirm the biological nature of the relationship between the patient and parent. Meanwhile, the identification of three distinct variants in 16 families confirmed that the variants had originated from the parents, with one of the parents carrying two variants on the same allele.
Twenty-two novel variants that have not been registered in the BIOPKU database were identified in this research: IVS4-14C > T, IVS8 + 16 T > A, IVS10-13delT, IVS11-3 T > G, p.Tyr154*, p.Tyr268*, p.Arg155Valfs*40, p.Ser231Valfs*52, p.Leu194Glufs*6, p.Asp75His, p.Ile94Val, p.Gly188Val, p.Cys203Ser, p.Leu227Val, p.Glu228Asp, p.Ser250Phe, p.Ser310Cys, p.Ser339Phe, p.Lys341Asn, p.Pro362Ser, p.Pro366Ala, and p.Leu444Phe. The predicted biological effects of these novel variants are listed in Table 3: 19 of the variations detected, particularly the missense, nonsense, and frame-shift variants, had the potential to be damaging, deleterious, and disease causing. Conversely, the three splicing variants IVS4-14C > T, IVS8 + 16 T > A, and IVS10-13delT were found to comprise polymorphisms by MutationTaster, and could not be predicted using the other two tools.
The distribution of PKU among the Chinese population shows geographical and ethnic differences. While the overall incidence of PKU in China is 1/10,000–1/16,000, corresponding to a carrier frequency of approximately 1 in 50 , the prevalence varies considerably throughout the country, with much higher rates in Northern China (1/3425–1/7849) than in Southern China [6–9]. Investigation of the characteristics of PAH gene variants in different populations is very important for early, rapid, and accurate genetic-based diagnosis and subsequent patient treatment. Moreover, characterization of the distribution of PAH gene variants between populations provides important information regarding the ethnic migration and evolution of humans.
In our study, p.Arg243Gln (17.7%), followed by Ex6-96A > G, p.Val399=, p.Arg53His, p.Tyr356*, p.Arg241Cys, p.Arg413Pro, p.Arg111*, and c.442-1G > A, were the most prevalent variants, respectively. Indeed, these nine variants accounted for two-thirds of all those identified. These results were consistent with those of a previous study, although the rank order of these mutations was different [10–13]. Notably, previous molecular studies examining the spectra of variations in PKU patients in Asian populations indicated that, in general, mutations were not randomly distributed, and that certain variations show regional associations. For comparison, variants p.Arg413Pro, c.442-1G > A, p.Arg241Cys, p.Arg243Gln, p.Thr278Ile, Ex6-96A > G, p.Tyr356*, and p.Arg111* accounted for approximately 74.4% of the PKU in a population of Japanese patients , while p.Arg243Gln, c.442-1G > A, and Ex6-96A > G were the most common variants in Korean PKU patients . In this study, variants were distributed throughout the entire PAH gene; however, the most commonly affected regions were exons 6, 7, and 11. Indeed, PAH gene variants appear to be concentrated in exons 7, 6, 11, 5, 12, 10, and 3, respectively, among Asian populations [11–15]. The similarities in the variant spectra of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese populations suggest that human migration, fusion, and evolution in these three countries were similar. In contrast, significant differences are found with regard to gene variants between Western and Eastern countries . Furthermore, consistent with trends observed in Asian countries, PAH gene variants among European countries were found to exhibit regionality.
PAH gene variants in the Chinese population were predominant in specific exons, and hot spot variants were observed. Based on genetic research of Chinese people [10–13, 17–19], we propose a strategy for PAH gene screening in Northern Chinese populations. First, exons 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12 should be preferentially Sanger sequenced, followed by sequencing of the other exons. After Sanger sequencing, patients lacking at least one identified variant should be examined via MLPA to screen for exon deletions/duplications within PAH. Lastly, if patients presenting with high phenylalanine levels cannot be diagnosed by PAH gene analysis, next-generation sequencing of genes related to BH4 deficiency, including PTS, GCH1, PCBD1, QDPR, and GFRP, should be applied. High-throughput automated sequencing techniques offer promise for revolutionizing the molecular diagnosis of PKU and BH4 disorders [20, 21]. Our understanding of the molecular basis of PKU has increased dramatically in recent years, driven largely by the availability of ever-more powerful techniques for analyzing and visualizing the effects of mutations on proteins .
A notable finding of this study was that 16 patients harbored three PAH gene variants, each of which were previously identified as pathogenic. Further analysis revealed that two variants were derived from one of the parents. However, no relevant PKU symptoms were observed in the parents carrying the two variants, suggesting that these two variants are located on the same allele. In Turkey, Dobrowolski et al. reported 588 cases of PKU or high levels of phenylalanine in nine patients carrying three or more pathogenic variants . In addition, Okano identified nine individuals harboring the p.Arg53His variant among 203 Japanese PKU patients . In our study, the p.Arg53His variant was identified as acting in cis with c.842 + 2 T > A in nine patients; however, because of the small number of cases, unbalanced variants between these patients cannot be confirmed. The results of in vitro expression experiments demonstrated that a p.Arg53His-type PAH enzyme retains approximately 79% of wild-type activity , with a smaller effect on activity being observed when co-existing with other variants. In a previous study, Gu and Wang suggested that p.Arg53His is associated with a milder form of HPA; however, it cannot be discounted that this variant comprises a SNP among healthy populations . Therefore, in future work, uncovering the effects of PAH gene variants on PAH protein function is essential for clarifying the nature of this variant.
Interestingly, there were two instances in which PKU pedigrees identified potential de novo PAH gene variants (i.e., patient exhibited compound heterozygous variants despite one of the parents not carrying one of the variations). After excluding a non-biological relationship between parent/child, we considered these to be true de novo variants. As the sequence of PAH is relatively conserved in the human genome, the incidence rate of de novo variants is very low. Indeed, such de novo variants have yet to be reported. Thus, the identification of de novo variants may permit accurate and rational genetic counseling for these families.
We presented a comprehensive and systematic analysis of PAH variants in 655 Chinese patients with PKU. We obtained a PAH gene variant spectrum for the Northern Chinese population and devised a strategy for gene diagnosis using PKU pedigrees (Fig. 1). Our findings will provide for rapid and efficient genetic-based diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis of PKU in China, particularly in the northern regions. Further explorations of the relationship between genotype and phenotype, as well as the consequences of gene variants are crucial. Locus-specific and genotype databases are today an invaluable resource of information for more efficient classification and management of patients.
A correction to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12881-017-0516-2.
We are grateful to the enrolled patients and their families, and to all participants in the study for their kind cooperation.
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81,672,110, 81,501,851) and the Henan Province Medical Science and Technique Foundation (201403021).
All data, including Sanger sequencing files, will be provided to interested scientists by the corresponding author upon request.
KX designed the methodology and supervised the study. LN participated in its design and coordination, and drafted the manuscript. HQ conducted genetic data acquisition and interpretation and assisted in drafting the manuscript. LQ participated in analyzing data and revising the manuscript. ZD and CL conceived of the study and collected data. LX performed urinary pterin analysis and patient follow-up. BY and FY executed experiments and collated the comments of the authors and other named contributors, and assembled the tables and figures. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.
This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and was performed according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects or guardians provided signed informed consent.
All subjects or guardians have signed informed consent to participate in this study and allowed us publish the result of study.


text:
package br.com.uniaogeek.droidhouse.activities;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatButton;
import android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatTextView;
import android.view.View;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;

import br.com.uniaogeek.droidhouse.R;

public class SobreActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    //Declaração de variáveis utilizadas para o layout
    private NestedScrollView nestedScrollViewSobre;
    private AppCompatButton btnSobreVoltar;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_sobre);

        //Método para retirar a Barra Superior desta Activity
        getSupportActionBar().hide();

//        String date = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(Calendar.getInstance().getTime());
//        AppCompatTextView dataAtual = (AppCompatTextView) findViewById(R.id.lblData);
//        dataAtual.setText(date);

        //Inicializando métodos
        initViews();
        initListeners();
    }

    private void initViews() {

        nestedScrollViewSobre = (NestedScrollView) findViewById(R.id.nestedScrollView);
        btnSobreVoltar = (AppCompatButton) findViewById(R.id.btnSobreVoltar);

    }

    private void initListeners() {
        btnSobreVoltar.setOnClickListener(this);

    }

    /**
     * Método utilizado para voltar para tela anterior
     * */
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        onBackPressed();
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Australia's most westerly state capital is bustling, cosmopolitan and independent in spirit. Explore the parks, culture and attractions of Australia's 'Cinderella City'.
Big science, big sand dunes, big forests and big vineyards. From the coast to the country, from the sky to the sea, adventure awaits.
Discover a buzzing mix of history, arts, culture and cafés that's easy to explore – and easy to enjoy.
The local aboriginal tribes have lived in this land of reefs, gorges and caves for more than 45,000 years. Yet compared to the area's oldest residents, they've only just arrived. Discover a new scale of history in the natural wonders of Australia's Coral Coast.
It's the colour of the beaches of Esperance. It's the glowing wheat fields of Merredin and Hyden. And it's the precious metal they pull out of the ground in vast quantities. On it and in it, there's gold in this part of the outback.
Lose yourself in a land of history and natural wonder, with fewer people per square kilometre than anywhere else in the world.
Whale and dolphin watching, caving, tree walks, fine wines and wreck-diving await. South of Perth, find a region of exhilaration.
It's been many things in its time: aboriginal prison, boys' reformatory and internment camp during both World Wars. Today, it's an A-class reserve of 63 beaches, 20 bays and glorious peace.
So just how big is Western Australia?
At 2,645,615 km², it's 4 times the size of France and 11 times the size of the UK.
If it were a country in its own right, Australia's largest state would be the world's 10th largest country.


Belshaw Adamatic 618L-0007 - Frying Screen with Handles for 618/718 Fryers 17" x 25"
Kitchen Emporium > Equipment > Cooking Equipment > Commercial Fryers > Fryer Accessories >> Belshaw Adamatic 618L-0007 - Frying Screen with Handles for 618/718 Fryers 17" x 25"
Screens with bolt-on handles. These are for cake donuts only. (Two screens are supplied standard with each new floor model fryer). Belshaw Adamantic by Unisource Frying Screen with Handles for 618/718 Fryers 17" x 25" [618L-0007] is perfect for your establishment. Belshaw Adamatic Bakery Group has served the baking industry for over 90 years and is one of the leading bakery equipment companies in the USA. Belshaw and Adamatic combined in 2007 to provide equipment for retail and wholesale bakeries, QSR's, Supermarkets, Concession operators, and many more.
Item: Belshaw Adamatic 618L-0007 - Frying Screen with Handles for 618/718 Fryers 17" x 25"
Belshaw Adamatic 624-0007 - Frying Screen with Handles for 624/724 Fryers 23" x 23"
Belshaw Adamatic 634-1058 - Frying Screen with Handles for Model 734 Fryers 33" x 23"
Belshaw Adamatic 624-0007A - Proofing Frying Screen for 624/724 Fryers 23" x 23"
Belshaw Adamatic 634-0013A - Proofing Frying Screen with Handles for Model 734 Fryers 33" x 23"
Belshaw Adamatic 618L-1037 - Screen Cradle for 618/718 Fryers 17" x 25"
Belshaw Adamatic 624-1037 - Screen Cradle for 624/724 Fryers 23" x 23"
Belshaw Adamatic 634-1037 - Screen Cradle for Model 734 Fryers 17" x 25"


text:
package mesosphere

import com.typesafe.config.{Config, ConfigFactory}
import mesosphere.marathon.integration.setup.RestResult
import mesosphere.marathon.raml.{PodState, PodStatus}
import org.scalatest._
import org.scalatest.matchers.{BeMatcher, MatchResult}
import org.scalatest.time.{Minutes, Seconds, Span}

trait IntegrationTestLike extends UnitTestLike {
  override val timeLimit = Span(15, Minutes)

  override implicit lazy val patienceConfig: PatienceConfig = PatienceConfig(timeout = Span(300, Seconds))

  // Integration tests using docker image provisioning with the Mesos containerizer need to be
  // run as root in a Linux environment. They have to be explicitly enabled through an env variable.
  val envVarRunMesosTests = "RUN_MESOS_INTEGRATION_TESTS"

  /**
    * Custom matcher for HTTP responses that print response body.
    * @param status The expected status code.
    */
  class RestResultMatcher(status: Int) extends BeMatcher[RestResult[_]] {
    def apply(left: RestResult[_]) =
      MatchResult(
        left.code == status,
        s"Response code was not $status but ${left.code} with body '${left.entityString}'",
        s"Response code was $status with body '${left.entityString}'"
      )
  }

  val OK = new RestResultMatcher(200)
  val Created = new RestResultMatcher(201)
  val Accepted = new RestResultMatcher(202)
  val NoContent = new RestResultMatcher(204)
  val Redirect = new RestResultMatcher(302)
  val NotFound = new RestResultMatcher(404)
  val Conflict = new RestResultMatcher(409)
  val ServerError = new RestResultMatcher(500)
  val BadGateway = new RestResultMatcher(502)

  /**
    * Custom pod status matcher for Marathon facade request results.
    *
    * {{{
    *   eventually { marathon.status(pod.id) should be(Stable) }
    * }}}
    *
    * @param expected The expected status.
    */
  class PodStatusMatcher(expected: PodState) extends BeMatcher[RestResult[PodStatus]] {
    def apply(left: RestResult[PodStatus]) =
      MatchResult(
        left.value.status == expected,
        s"Pod had status ${left.value} but $expected was expected",
        s"Pod status was ${left.value}"
      )
  }

  val Stable = new PodStatusMatcher(PodState.Stable)
}

abstract class IntegrationTest extends WordSpec with IntegrationTestLike

trait AkkaIntegrationTestLike extends AkkaUnitTestLike with IntegrationTestLike {
  protected override lazy val akkaConfig: Config = ConfigFactory.parseString(
    s"""
       |akka.test.default-timeout=${patienceConfig.timeout.toMillis}
    """.stripMargin).withFallback(ConfigFactory.load())
}

abstract class AkkaIntegrationTest extends IntegrationTest with AkkaIntegrationTestLike


Learn about North America's diverse native cultures, past and present. Then, explore the vast North American continent with lessons on the mountainous West, the frozen North and more! Next, discover who the Pilgrims were and why they came to America.
The Iroquois built bark houses.
Many families lived in them.


text:
The Beautiful Palace East of the Sun and North of the Earth (Swedish: Det sköna Slottet östan om Solen och nordan om Jorden; German: Das schöne Schloß, östlich von der Sonne, nördlich von der Erde) is a Swedish folktale collected from Smaland by Swedish folktale collectors George Stephens and Gunnar Olof Hyltén-Cavallius. It features versions of the swan maiden, a mythic female character that alternates between human and animal shapes.

Summary
A man dwells in a forest near a rich green meadow. In summer mornings, the grass somehow is treaded all over. He orders his three sons to stand guard near the meadow. The elder two fail on their vigils, because they fall asleep through the whole night. When it is the youngest's turn, near "the hour of the matins", he sees three doves coming to the meadows, take off their plumages and become human maidens.

As the girls dance around meadow, the youth takes notice of one of them and intends to have her for himself. He also seizes the opportunity to hide their plumages. As the sun rises, the maidens prepare to depart in bird form, but cannot find their featherskins. They search for them, and sees the youth standing there. They beg him to return their feathers. The youth agrees to their pleading, but first he wants some explanations: one of the girls says they are a princess and two court attendants that live in a palace east of the sun and north of the earth. The youth also asks the princess to become his bride, and to set a date to their marriage. The princess agrees and they promise to remain faithful until their wedding, then departs with her court attendants.

The youth goes home to his father and tells nothing of his nightly adventure. Time passes, and the wedding date approaches. The youth asks his father to prepare a wedding feast for him and invite all of their relatives. By midnight, a luxurious carriage comes to the feast, bringing the princess and her court attendants. The youth introduces her as his intended bride and explains the night adventure at the meadow.

Happiness abound between the couple, but it is short-lived: just before sunrise, the princess tells her bridegroom she must depart, since a Troll killed her father, the true king of the palace east of the sun and north of the earth, and she can only enjoy some hours of freedom around midnight, having to go back before sunrise. The youth understands the urgency of the situation. The princess gives him her golden ring, her court attendants a golden ball, and rushes to leave her wedding feast.

After some days, the youth decides to go after her, and says goodbye to his father. He begins his long quest, searching meadows, valleys and kingdoms for his wife's palace. One day, he finds two giants fighting over their father's inheritance: a pair of magical boots that allow its wearer to take a hundred miles with every step. The youth convinces the giants to part with the boots to settle their little dispute.

The youth reaches another forest, where he finds another pair of giants fighting over a cloak of invisibility. The youth also convinces them to give him the cloak to settle their quarrel. Lastly, he finds yet another duo of giants fighting over a sword that kills on its point and revives with its hilt. He also wins the sword.

On the next stop of his journey, he traverses a vast desert, and sees a light in the distance, coming from a little cot. A "very very old old" woman takes him in and gives him shelter for the night. The next morning, the old woman summons all "beasts of the field" to consult with them if anyone knows the location of the palace. None know it, and the youth departs.

He arrives at another vast desert, with a little cot in the distance that belongs to an ever older woman, ruler of the fishes in the sea. He stays the night and the next morning the old woman summons all fishes. None know where the palace east of the sun and north of the earth is. The old woman bids him consult with her eldest sister, who rules the fowls in the air.

Lastly, the youth reaches a third vast desert, with a small cot on a mountain. The youth greets the eldest sister and explains the motive of his journey. The next morning, the eldest woman summons all her subjects to consult with them. After a while, she notices the phoenix is not among them. The phoenix arrives soon after and tells his lateness is due to him coming from the palace east of the sun and north of the earth. The eldest woman then proclaims the phoenix's punishment is to take the youth to the palace.

The phoenix carries the youth on its back. Long is their journey: at first, the youth can only see a blue cloud in the horizon; then, a speck of glitter in the blue cloud, and finally, a gleaming palace in gold and silver. The phoenix leaves the youth there and flies back to its ruler. At midnight, all trolls having fallen asleep, the youth knocks on the castle doors. The princess sends her court attendants to see who is their visitor. The attendants open the door and see it is their princess's husband. To confirm his identity, he returns them the golden apples the gave him.

The princess does not believe it at first, so goes to check herself. The youth gives her the golden ring, confirming he is her bridegroom. They spend the whole night conversing with each other, but, come morning, the princess fears for her beloved's safety, since the trolls will awake. The youth decides to stay and, with the aid of the magical boots, the cloak and the sword, stakes out near the palace gates and kills each and every troll with the sword.

Later in the day, the court attendants report to the princess her bridegroom's success. The princess is overjoyed, but claims her happiness will be even greater if her relatives are alive. The youth goes to the room where her relatives' bodies are laid, and revives them with the sword. The princess's family wakes and thanks the youth for reviving them, and enthrones the princess and her bridegroom as their king and queen.

Analysis

Tale type
The tale is classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as type ATU 400, "The Man on a Quest for the Lost Wife": the hero finds a maiden of supernatural origin (e.g., the swan maiden) or rescues a princess from an enchantment; either way, he marries her, but she disappears to another place. He goes after her on a long quest, often helped by the elements (Sun, Moon and Wind) or by the rulers of animals of the land, sea and air (often in the shape of old men and old women).

The middle episode of the hero acquiring magic objects that help in his journey is classified as tale type ATU 518, "Men Fight Over Magic Objects": hero tricks or buys magic items from quarreling men (or giants, trolls, etc.). Despite its own catalogation, folklorists Stith Thompson and Hans-Jörg Uther argue that this narrative does not exist as an independent tale type, and usually appears in combination with other tale types, especially ATU 400.

Motifs
Romanian folklorist Marcu Beza recognized an alternate opening to swan maiden tales: seven white birds steal the golden apples from a tree in the king's garden (an episode similar to German The Golden Bird), or, alternatively, they come and trample the fields. Researcher Barbara Fass Leavy noted a variation of the first opening episode which occurs in Scandinavian tales: a man's third or only son stands guard on his father's fields at night to discover what has been trampling his father's fields, and sees three maidens dancing in a meadow.

Similarly, Swedish scholar  also noted that the motif of keeping watch over the fields at night is a "typical development" of Swedish, Nordic and Baltic Sea variants of the story he termed Das Märchen von der Schwanenjungfrau ("The Fairy Tale of the Swan Maiden").

Variants

Scandinavia

Sweden
Finnish folklorist Oskar Hackman summarized some Finnish-Swedish variants in his publication Finlands svenska folkdiktning under the banner Konungariket Midnattssol ("The Kingdom of the Midnight Sun").

In a tale sourced from Karleby, a dead father appears to his sons and orders them to keep watch over their fields for three nights. The two elder brothers fail due to bad weather. Despite the heavy rain, the third son keeps watch and sees three witches flying to the fields, taking off their wings and dancing on the fields. Two of the witches are long-nosed, but the third is a beautiful maiden. The third son hids the third witch's wings. When morning comes, the two long-nosed witches wear their wings and fly back, while their companion remains there. The youth promises to return her wings if she promises to be his wife. The maiden does agree to his proposal, but offers a counterproposal: she will be his wife if he goes after her in her palace, and gives him her ring as a token. The maiden departs to her castle, and the youth begins his journey. On the road, he finds three cottages where he obtains three magic objects: a pair of seven league boots, an invisibility hat and a magical harp. The youth then meets two witch ferrywomen (the same witches that flew to his fields) that can take him across the sea to an island. The youth gives the first witch the harp as payment for the crossing, and uses the invisibility hat to secretly jump on the second witch's boat. He reaches the maiden's castle and sees a servant fetching water. He drops the maiden's ring into the jar, which is brought to the her. The maiden sees her ring and notices her beloved must be nearby, and bids him come out of hiding. The youth appears, kisses her and breaks the spell on the castle.

In a tale sourced from Vörå, on midsummer's night, a farmer's fields are being trampled by something, so the farmer orders his sons to keep watch. The elder son fall asleep on their turns, while the youngest son stays awake. He sees three geese coming to trample the fields and shoots at them, injuring one of the birds. The geese turn into human maidens and flee, expect for the injured one. The youth takes the girl to his home and nurses her back to health. They marry. One day, the maiden begins to miss her home, the castle of kingdom of the Midnight Sun, despite her husband's pleas. She still flies back there, but cracks her ring in two and gives half to him as a token. The youth then begins his journey. He finds a dragon guarding a castle, and shoots him. He knocks on the castle doors and a young woman appears to him. She is the ruler of all the birds of the air, and summons all birds to consult them about the location of the king of the Midnight Sun. An eagle comes late and agrees to carry the youth to the kingdom, since he's just come from there. After the journey, the youth meets his wife and stays with her.

In a tale collected by G. A. Åberg from Strömfors with the dialectal title Om Lísa som bódd norr undi sólən o sydər undi jórdan, a farmer orders his three sons to keep vigil on their fields during the midsummer's nights, since something is coming to trample their fields. The first two fail because of bad weather. The third son ties his feet to a tree to avoid falling asleep and to be jerked awake by the summer storm. He then sees three princesses coming in featherskins to the fields. When they land, they take off their wings and dance on the grass. The youth hides their wings. After their dancing is over, the princesses beg for the featherskins back. He returns them to two of them, but withholds the youngest's, named Lisa, until she promises to marry him. Lisa gives him her ring as a token, then gets her wings and flies away to the land north of the sun and south of the earth. The youth begins his quest to find her land. On the road, he passes by an old woman's cottage and takes shelter there. The old woman complains to him that she does not seem to cook enough food for her giant husband. The youth helps her and her giant husband. In return, the giant carries the youth on his back up a mountain. The youth opens a hatch and climbs down; inside, he finds Lisa and drops her ring on a drink. Lisa recognizes the ring and warns him of her father. Lisa's father offers the youth a poisoned drink, but he drops the poison on the floor. As a last trick, the father tries to throw the human down a hole, but the youth takes out a sword and kills him. Lisa and the youth marry.

In a tale sourced from Nedervetil, a farmer orders his three sons to guard their fields. The elder sons fail due to bad weather. The youngest shelters himself from the storm and sees three flying girls coming to their fields. They take off their wings and dance in the meadow. The youth hides the wings of one of them and asks her to marry him. As a token of marriage, she gives him a golden ring, and promises to return at the appointed time for their marriage. It so happens: the youth marries the flying girl, but a local emperor begins to covet the flying girl and plans to get rid of the man. First, the emperor orders the man to cut down every oak tree in the forest and to rise them again (both done with his wife's advice), and finally to get a silver key from the palace of the emperor of the enchanted land. The flying girl advises her husband to steal the key at midnight, since the animal guardians of the castle are asleep at this hour. The man gets the key, but the animals begin to chase him. The lion pulls him over and he falls to the forest floor, while his horse rides back home with the key. Seeing that the task was accomplished, but the man apparently perished, he decides to marry the flying girl. They each go to church on their own carriages. She leaves her carriage, wears back the flying garments and flies back to her castle. Back to her husband, he survives the fall from his horse, begins a quest to find his wife. On the road, he steals a magic tablecloth from an old man, a pair of seven league boots and an invisibility hat. He discovers that he has to traverse the White Sea, the Black Sea and the Red Sea, by being ferried by three witches at the margin of every sea. The youth uses the magical tablecloth to provide food for the first two witches to wind them over, and kills the third witch's servant. Adrift at sea, he prays to God and a pike appears to carry him over through the last stop of the journey. Reaching the island's shores, the youth puts on the invisibility hat, creeps into the castle and places her ring on a water jug. The flying girl recognizes her ring, and bids her human husband appear to her. They embrace.

In another tale collected by G. A. Åberg from Strömfors with the dialectal title Vatngårsslot (Swedish: "Vattengårdsslottet"). In this tale, a father orders his three sons to keep watch on their fields. The elder two fail, but the youngest, despite the bad weather, discovers the coming of three bird-maidens that come to dance in the fields. The girls take off the flying garments, which the youth steals. After they dance, the girls beg for them back, and he returns to two of them. He chooses the third girl as his wife and she consents to be with him. They marry, but a local emperor covets the girl and orders the man to fulfill three tasks: to fell down a whole forest, then put it back, and steal the keys from an enchanted castle. The youth is pursued by the animals in the forest and falls off the horse, but his mount takes the keys with him. Seizing the opportunity, the emperor takes the bird-maiden to church, but she wears the flying garments, becomes a raven and flies back to her home, at Vattengårdsslottet. Her human husband returns home and discovers that his wife flew away, and goes after her. He passes by a cemetery, where two corpses are quarreling over a pair of magical boots that allows its wearer to take a large step, then another cemetery where another duo of dead men are fighting over a magical saber, and another person with an invisibility hat. He steals the items and reaches the hut of a long-nosed old woman who rules over the mammals. She summons the mammals, but none have any idea on how to get to Vattengårdsslottet. At any rate, the old woman ferries the youth across the sea and demands as payment his right had. He cuts off her head with the saber. He then reaches the hut of the old woman that rules over the birds of the air. Once again, the birds do not know anything, but the old woman ferries across the sea and is met with the same fate. Finally, he reaches a third hut of an old woman that rules over the animals of the sea. A whale comes late and tells the youth it came from there. The whale offers to take him there, but the old woman tries to get his body parts as payment, and she is also killed. After the whale takes the youth there, he uses the invisibility hat to infiltrate his wife's castle and drops her ring in a water jug.

August Bondeson collected a Swedish tale titled Herregården, som var belägen öst om solen och väst om vinden i det förlovade landet ("The Castle East of the Sun and West of the Wind in the Promised Land	"): a miller finds out that the grains at his mill are disappearing, since the mill is locked at night, and decides to investigate. He spies three pigeons come to the mill, take off their featherskins and become maidens. As the maidens steal some of the grains, the man creeps into the place the maidens hid their garments and steal a set of clothes. Two of the maidens wear back the clothes and fly away as pigeons, while the third maiden wonders where she left her clothes. The man appears to her and asks her to be his fiancée. She agrees, gains her clothes back, tells the man to seek her home: the mansion located east of the Sun, West of the wind in the promised land, and flies away. Time passes, and the man decides to seek this distant place. He enters a deep forest and meets an old woman in a cottage by the sea. The old woman rules over the fishes of the sea and consult with them the location of the titular mansion. Since neither she, nor her subjects know anything about it, she sends the man to another sister. The man reaches the cottage of the second sister, who rules over the animals of the land. She also sends her subjects, but none know anything about the mansion. The second her also sends the man to a third sister, who rules over the birds of the air. The man reaches the third cottage, and spends the night there. The next morning, the third sister summons the birds of the air. All but an old eagle come, so the sister whistles three times to summon the old eagle. The eagle says it has been to the titular land. The third sister, then, orders the eagle to take the man there. The bird takes the man to the titular location, but on the journey tries to drop the man three times, to teach him a lesson. The eagle finally arrives at the castle, which looks like more of a crystal mountain. The man opens up a crystal door and finds the three princess, his fiancée included. The princess learns of the eagle's treatment of the man, but forgives it and dismisses it back to its mistress. The princess then reveals her fiancé must behead her to break her curse, as proof of trust. The man vehemently refuses to do so at first, but obeys her request. The crystal mountain is disenchanted and returns to its former shape. The man lives with the princess for a while, but begins to miss his parents. The princess allows him to return there for a visit, but warns him not to leave his horse. He rides back to his parents' house, who are surprised to see him in lavish clothes. The miller gives his father a bag of money, and his mother insists he comes in, and pushes him off the horse. The miller despairs at the fact the he may never return to his fiancée, and wanders off into the forest. However, the princess arrives with a carriage and takes him back to the castle. Once there, she announces they will marry in a fortnight.

Norway
Germanist Klara Stroebe published a Norwegian tale translated into English as Farther South Than South, and Farther North Than North, and in the Great Hill of Gold. In this tale, a peasant has a wheat-field that something has been trampling every Saturday night, so he orders his three sons to keep guard on the fields to discover the culprits. The elder sons fall asleep through the night watch, and fail. On the third night, John of the Ashes manages to stay awake and discovers three doves come, shake off their feathers and become maidens. As the girls trample and dance on the wheat field, John of the Ashes gathers their feathers. At sunrise, the girls look for their feathers, but cannot find them. John appears to them and asks for explanations: the girls reveal a troll sends them every Saturday night to trample the fields. John offers to help them break the curse, but the girls warn him of the many-headed trolls that await him at the castle. He chooses the middle girl as his bride, she gives him her ring as a memento, and departs with the others in bird form. John of the Ashes begins his quest. He finds two young men quarreling over a pair of seven leagues boots and a cane that kills people, later two other young men fighting over a fiddle that revives the dead, and steals their objects. He finally finds an old man that directs him to the castle "farther south than south, and farther north than north, and in the great hill of gold", but warns of the dangers that roam the castle. John of the Ashes reaches the castle and knocks on the door. The watchman warns him that he may go through the three rooms to meet the maidens, but the trolls will come at any moment. John makes light of the danger, and assures the watchmen he will win. He meets the maidens and assuages their fears. The first troll enters, a three-headed one. John uses the magic cane and kills him. He does the same to the second troll, with 7 heads. Lastly, the nine-headed troll comes into the room. John strikes 8 of his heads with the magic cane, but  the troll kills the three maidens and flees the room. John chases after him and strikes the ninth head. He then enters the room, revives the maidens with the fiddle, carries them down the mountain and marries the middle maiden.

Denmark
Author Svend Grundtvig published a Danish tale titled Jomfru Lene af Søndervand (German: Jungfer Lene von Söndervand; English: "Maiden Lene from Sondervand"). In this tale, a farmer has three sons: Poul, Peder and Esben. Esben is considered a fool, for he spends his days near the fireplace playing in the ashes (hence his name Esben Ashenfiest or Askefis), and rests by an abandoned meadow and daydreams. His brothers decide to use the meadow to plant wheat. The harvest seems to be a good one, until St. John's Night, when they find out that the fields are completely destroyed by someone trampling on the grass and the stalks. The same happens the next year. They decide to plant flax instead of wheat and plan to keep watch on their fields for some nights. Poul and Peder fall asleep during their vigil, but flee as soon as the sky becomes pitch dark and they hear a loud roar. The next morning, the flax is entirely destroyed. Esben Askefis keeps watch on the third night: after the pitch blackness passes and the roar dissipates, he sees three white swans coming to the fields. They turn into human maidens by taking off their feather cloaks, wings and gossamer veils. While the maidens - white-clad and golden-crowned - are busy dancing, Esben fetches the thin, web-like veils of the maidens. After their dancing, the maidens try to find their garments and see Esben. They beg him to return the clothes, but Esben asks each of them to be his wife. The first two decline, the third, named Lene, agrees to be his wife, and gives him her ring as a token. She also reveals that Lene and her sisters were princesses, cursed by a witch, and used to live in castle where the field is now located. For their wedding, Esben must build a castle in that same place, and Lene teaches him a spell he can use on a rock. Lene and the others depart. Esben knocks on a rock with a twig, chants the spell, and finds money, gold and ornaments under the rock. He hires carpenters and masons to build him a castle, which is concluded on Walpurgis Night. Esben invites the whole village - the king invites himself - to his wedding, which is to take place on the eve of the summer solstice. Esben waits at the castle doors and sees the swans flying towards him. Then a magnificent carriage appears, carrying Lene. Esben goes to greet her, but noticing the king's presence, she warns him that the king is wont to marry her, and tells Esben to find her in her own castle, located "south of the sun, west of the moon and in the middle of the world". Then she departs. Esben begins his journey toward the distant castle. On the road, he meets three pairs of goblins fighting over magical objects: a hat of invisibility, seven league boots, and a Swiss knife that both revives the dead and kills people. Esben steals the objects for himself. Later, he finds the huts of three old women: the first rules over the animals of the forest, the second all the fishes in the sea and the third all the birds of the air. The first and the second old woman summon all her subjects to ask for the location of the castle, but none of the animals of both forest and sea know. In the third woman's home, in Vogelberg ('Bird Mountain'), an old eagle comes late and tells it has come from that exact place, and offers to take Esben there. After a long journey, Esben finally reaches Lene's castle. He sees a maidservant and asks for a cup of wine. The servant brings him a cup, he puts Lene's ring inside and the servant takes the cup back to her mistress. Lene recognizes the ring and rushes to Esben to hug him, but fears for his safety, since a witch lives in the castle and may turn him to stone with but a glare. Esben put on the invisibility hat, enter the witch's quarters and kills her with the Swiss knife. Now free at last, Lene and Esben marry. The tale was alternatively translated into English as Maid Lena and as The Lass of Söndervand, in Danish Fairy Tales.

Danish historian Christian Molbech collected another Danish variant titled Den nedtraadte Ager ("The Untrod Field"). In this tale, a farmer has three sons, the two elders helps in the fields, while the youngest, Esben, is of a quiet demeanor. The farmer sows all his fields, except one that is always destroyed on St. Hans Night. The farmer's elder sons promise to keep watch on their fields for the next years, the elder in the first year and the middle son in the second. The elder sits on a rock near an old tree. He falls asleep, but at midnight he hears a thundering roar, and rushes home. His younger brother also fails in the same manner. When it is Esben's turn in the third year, he sees three flying women coming to the field, taking off their pairs of wings and dancing on the field. Esben sees the beautiful maidens and hides their wings under the rock. The maidens finish dancing and look for the wings. Esben promises to return them, if one of them stays with him and becomes his wife. The maidens try to bargain for the wings with a hidden stash of money under the rock, which Esben accepts, but still wants to marry one of them. The first maiden explains she is a princess and the other her servants, and they lived on castle that stood on that meadow; a witch took them to a land where they never grow old; the witch gives her wings to fly to their former home, but they need the wings back. Esben repeats his proposal and the princess accepts, promising to return in three months, but she warns him not to invite the local king's son. Then they depart. Esben shows his brothers the money. They become rich and prepare the upcoming wedding. Three months pass, and Esben awaits for his bride: a magnificent carriage brings her. He goes to greet her, and mentions that the king's son is also present. The princess hesitates to join the festivities, and asks him to find her "south of the sun, east of the moon and westward to all the winds", then rides off. Esben begins a quest for her. On the road, he finds two pairs of men fighting over magical objects: a pair of old shoes that walk miles and a knife that opens doors.  Esben buys the items and reaches a Glass Mountain. He points the knife to a door and opens it; inside, a troll, whom he asks for directions. The troll summons the animals that creep near the ground, but none know of it. Esben meets the troll's brother, one the ruler of the fishes and animals of the sea, and the other the ruler of the birds. The third troll summons all birds, but the eagle comes late, since it was flying close to the castle south of the sun, east of the moon and westward to all the winds. The eagle promises to carry him there, but make a deal with Esben: the eagle will get its wings back, or Esben's life. The eagle carries Esben over to the castle. Once there, the youth asks a servant for a cup of water to drink and drops her ring in it. The princess and her servants meet Esben by the fountain, but Esben explains his deal with the eagle. The princess agrees to give the bird its wings; the eagle flies down, catches the wings on its beak and flies away. Esben and the princess marry at last.

Folklorist Evald Tang Kristensen collected a Danish variant titled Det forgyldte Taarn ved Verdens Ende ("The Golden Tower at the End of the World"). In this tale, a farmer has a wheat field that is trampled every year, on midsummer night. He orders his three sons, Per, Povl and Hans to keep watch on the fields. Hans is considered a fool, because he sleeps by the oven. At any rate, Per and Povl are the one to watch first, but abandon their vigil as soon as they hear a loud whistling. When it is his turn, Hans sees three flying maidens coming to the field, taking off their wings and dancing on the field. Hans steals their wings; they begs for them back, but Hans proposes one of them becomes his bride. One of the maidens agree to be his wife, as long as he prepares everything for their wedding in two month's time, but not to invite the king's son. They depart; Hans finds a hidden cache of money under a rock.  Everything is prepared for the wedding and the maiden comes in a carriage. When she sees the king's son, she decides to postpone her wedding, and tells Hans to seek her in "The Golden Tower at the End of the World". Before she departs, the princess gives Hans three tablecloths: one can produce food, the other can build a castle for him to stay the night in a richly furnished bedroom, and the third can create a land bridge with trees and animals for him to cross the sea. The rides back to the Golden Tower, and Hans goes to seek her. He stops by an old woman's cottage and gives her a better meal with the princess's tablecloth. In return, she gives him her dead husband's pair of mile-walking shoes and a sword that dissolves anything it touches, and directs him to a troll that may help him. With the shoes, he reaches a Glass Mountain and uses the sword to create an entrance. A troll greets him and, since he rules over the crawling creatures of the earth, he summons the, but none seem to know of the Golden Tower. The troll directs Hans to his troll brother, who rules over the animals that walk the earth, whose subjects also don't know, and to another troll brother that rules over the birds. A bird arrives late and knows the way to the Golden Tower. The birds carries him there. Hans drops her ring on a drink, the princess recognizes it and takes him with her sisters. Despite the joyous reunion, the princess fears for his life, since a dragon will come to the castle. Hans decides to face the dragon when he comes at midnight and kills it. The princess and Hans marry at last, then visit the old woman and present her with the magical tablecloths, and finally go to Hans's father's farmstead.

Iceland
Philologist Adeline Rittershaus summarized an Icelandic tale first collected by Björn Bjarnason in his book Sagnakver. In this tale, translated into German as Die Burg östlich vom Mond und südlich von der Sonne ("The Mountain east of the Moon and South of the Sun"), a royal couple celebrates the long awaited birth of their son. Royal astrologers predict that, when the prince is 20 years old, he will suffer the pains of love for the love of a woman, so his parents raise him in the castle away from the presence of women - even his mother has to dress in male clothes to protect him. However, this overprotectiveness does not help matters, for the boy is withdrawn and taciturn - his only joy: his beautiful garden. One day, the royal guards inform the prince something has been to the garden to steal the flowers. The prince, now a young man, decides to guard the garden himself. One night, he sees three swans coming and perching on a tree. The swans take off their plumages to become maidens, and climb down the tree with baskets to pick flowers. While the girls are distracted, the prince climbs up the tree and steals the largest swan cloak and hides it in a large box. The maidens returns and two of them turn back into swans and depart, while the third one remains behind because she cannot find her own cloak. The prince goes to her and tries to talk to her. The girl begs to have her swan cloak back, for she is the daughter of the King of the Clouds, who lives in a castle east of the Moon and South of the Sun. The prince insists she stays with him, for he wants to learn about the matters of the heart. He eventually marries the girl and lies to her that he burned her swan cloak. However, the girl suspects that is a lie, opens the large box and wears back the garment. The next morning, the princes notices his wife is missing, and tries to take his own life, but his mentor dissuades him, and suggests they begin a journey to the Cloud King's realm. They walk through the forest and find a long-bearded dwarf. The dwarf blows a whistle and summons all bird of the world to ask for directions, the eagle being alte. None of the birds know of the location of the Cloud King's realm. The dwarf then summons the classical compass winds (north, south, west and east). None have any idea about its location. Finally, the dwarf summons the storms, the southeast gale coming late because he was there. The prince's mentor suggests the gale carries the prince in the Cloud King's carriage to his kingdom, and gives the prince a invisibility stone. The gale takes the prince to the Cloud King's realm, and the prince wanders through the castle. He finds his wife next to a fountain, a heap of unwashed clothes behind her. The girl is lamenting to herself the harsh treatment her sisters dispense her for having married a human. The prince reveals himself and comforts her by saying that, if her father knows that his son-in-law is a prince, he may accept their marriage. The prince uses the invisibility stone and accompanies his wife to her father's court. Inside the castle, her sisters mock her for marrying a human, and berate her for not washing the clothes. Her father also threatens to banish her from his kingdom for the same reason, but the prince appears to him. The Cloud King welcomes him as his son-in-law. At last, the prince and his wife are carries back by the gale to his father's kingdom.

Faroe Islands
Faroese linguist Jakob Jakobsen published a Faroese tale titled Kongaríkið Verðsins Endi ("The Kingdom at the End of the World"). In this tale, a father has three sons. Something has been trampling the fields, so he orders his sons to keep watch for some nights. The elder two fail, but the youngest discovers three swan girls that come to the meadow, take off their plumages and dance on the fields. The youth hides the swan plumage of one of them and asks her to be his bride. The swan girl consents, but if he promises not to utter a curse during the wedding night. They marry and he utters a curse, causing his bride to disappear. The youth goes on a journey to find her castle, the kingdom at the end of the world. He consults with the winds of the directions and the North Wind takes him to the Glass Mountain where the kingdom is located. Once there, he helps the swan princess break a curse cast on them by a giantess.

Sami people
German lexicographer Jens Andreas Friis collected a Sámi folktale titled Baeive-Kongens Datter or Die Tochter des Beivekönigs ("The Daughter of the Beive-King"). In this tale, a farmer has three sons, the youngest called Gudnavirus (Askeladden, Ashlad, Male Cinderella) for he likes to play in the ashes of the fireplace. One day, the farmer notices their barn is being broken into and someone has been eating their grains, so he orders his sons to keep guard on the barn. The elder two stand guard first, each on each night, but they hear a great noise or roar and run back home. The third night, Gudnavirus keeps alert: he sees three white swans flying through the air. The birds alight near the grains, take off their featherskins and become maidens. Gudnavirus hides the youngest maiden's featherskin while she is distracted taking care of the grains. After their duty is over, two of the maidens wear back their featherskins and fly back as swans, but the youngest remains human. He begs for her plumage back: if a man or a woman, she will reward them handsomely; if an unmarried man, she promises to marry him. Gudnavirus comes out of hiding and makes her promise. As a proof of sincerity, she tells him she is the daughter of the Beive-King, and gives him her golden ring. The maiden gets the plumage back, but promises to return in 6 months. She fulfills her promise and comes in a flying ship to marry him. Gudnavirus agrees to marry her, but first he has to obtain the king's permission to do so. The Beive-King's daughter warns him against, but he goes anyway. The human king orders him first to fell all tree of the forest (Gudnavirus uses a magic axe given by his bride), then to plant them back (the youth does with the use of an ointment his bride gives him), and finally to get a golden lasso from the Kingdom of Darkness. The Beive-King's daughter berates him and disappears on her flying ship. Still intent on fulfilling the king's last task, Gudnavirus goes on a quest to the Kingdom of Darkness, first by following the sunlight until it fades, then the moonlight until is ceases, and finally the light of the stars. He enters the Kingdom of Darkness and finds the lasso. He makes his way back and sees two giants fighting over an invisibility hat, then another pair fighting over seven league boots, and a third duo over a magic baton that revives the living on one edge and kills on the other. Gudnavirus steals the magic objects and goes on his merry way. He also finds an old woman's hut, who summons all birds of the air to consult with. An old eagle comes late and is orders to fly all over the lands, all over the seas and finally all over the sky in search of the kingdom. The eagle locates it and flies back to report. The bird agrees to carry Gudnavirus there, but bids him takes with him three pebbles to create resting stops for it on the long journey there. The youth arrives at the Beive-King's realm and sees his bride walking towards a fountain with a boy and a pile of clothes. The boy asks the princess about his father, and sees his father (Gudnavirus)'s reflection in fountain. Later, the youth creeps into the princess's room, takes off his invisibility hat and appears to her. She embraces him and introduces him to her father. The Beive-King consents to marry him to his daughter, but first he has to resurrect the king's fallen soldiers. Gudnavirus uses the magic baton and fulfills the king's request. At last, he and the Beive-King's daughter marry and live happily.

Poland
Polish philologist and folklorist Julian Krzyżanowski, establisher of the Polish Folktale Catalogue according to the international index, identified a similar narrative in Poland. In the Polish type, named T 400B, "Ptaki w ogrodzie" ("The Bird in the Garden"), the hero spies on three bird maidens in a field or meadow, marries one of them, then goes after her when she disappears.

In a Polish tale from Masuria collected by German historian Max Toeppen with the title Die goldenen Tauben ("The golden doves"), a farmer has three sons, the youngest considered a fool. Every morning, the farmer notices that his golden field is trampled overnight by something or someone, and sends his sons to stand guard at night. The elder two fail on their respective vigils. When it is the youngest's turn, he sees three golden doves coming. The birds take off their birdskin, become a princess and two servants, and hang their garments in the bushes. He hides their dove feathers, while the girls are playing and dancing in the fields. When they return for their garments, the youth asks for something in return. The princess gives him a golden ring, and a servant a golden apple. The youth then asks the princess to marry him, and she agrees. They go to his parents' house and marry. The dove princess, however, tells him she must return to her castle, and her human husband wishes to go with him. The princess asks him to wait for a year, and search for her palace "where the sun sets, and there is winter", then flies back. After a year, the youth begins his quest. On the journey, he finds two giants fighting over a pair of seven-league boots, then another pair fighting over a cloak of invisibility, and finally a third pair fighting over a saber that revives the dead. The youth steals the three objects and soldiers on. He then reaches an old woman's hut and asks for shelter for the night. The next morning, the old woman summons all animals of the forest; the lion arrives late, and tells him where the princess's castle is. The lion offers to accompany the youth and protect him as he walks through the forest. In his next stop, the youth stops by another woman's hut and stays the night. The next day, she summons all birds of the air; the wren arrives late, and says it can take the youth to the princess castle. After the aerial journey, the youth sees that the garden, the trees, the animals, everything is dead. He knocks on the door and calls for Ewe (Toeppen informs that it means the name Ewa). A servant opens the door and the youth gives her the golden apple. The servant shows the golden apple to her lady, the princess, who is very surprised to see him there. The princess lets him, but warns that there are many-headed demons in the first room, and even more in the second. The youth kills them with the sword. The princess then asks him to revive the dead king and queen in the third room, which he does when the touches the saber on their corpses.

Finland
In a Finnish tale collected by folklorist Kaarle Krohn with the title Punaisen meren tarina ("The Story of the Red Sea"), a father has a field that is destroyed every year on a certain night, so he orders his sons to keep watch on the fields. On the next two years, the elder sons fail in their vigil. On the third year after, the third son discovers the culprit: three birds fly in, take off their skins to become maidens, and dance on the fields. The third son steals their clothes and will only returns them if the third maiden agrees to marry him. As proof of her sincerity, she gives him her ring, takes back the garments and tells him to make preparations for their wedding. The next year, the flying maiden comes with her carriage, to celebrate her own wedding. However, a local king sees the maiden and wants to have her for himself, so he sets three tasks for the poor bridegroom: to fell an entire forest, then raise it back, and steal a key from a certain palace. The man fulfills the first two tasks, and goes to steal the key from the magic castle, but, on his way back, falls off the horse, due to the pursuing animals. Back to the marriage, the flying maiden decides to fly back to her own home, beyond the White Sea, the Black Sea and the Red Sea, in an underwater castle. Her peasant bridegroom learns of this and goes after her. On the road, he steals three magic objects from three men: a hat of invisibility, a magic sword and magic boots. Later, he reaches a ferrywoman that can ferry him through the White Sea. He makes the crossing, but the ferrywoman demands of him his hand. The man uses the hat and loses her. The same happens to the ferrywoman of the Black Sea. After he crosses the Red Sea, the ferrywoman summons all fishes of the sea, and a whale agrees to take the man to his bride's underwater palace.

See also
 The Three Princesses of Whiteland
Soria Moria Castle
The Blue Mountains
The King of the Gold Mountain

References

Female characters in fairy tales
Birds in culture
Fictional birds
Swan maidens
Swedish fairy tales
ATU 400-459
ATU 500-559

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Math and Science Partnership (MSP) projects with a professional development component may rely on online presentations or webinars to deliver the training content. Often, evaluations of webinars focus on participant satisfaction as the primary indicator of webinar quality. Just as evaluations of curricular materials and in-person training make use of rubrics aligned with quality standards, TEAMS has developed a webinar evaluation rubric, aligned with best practices, which will enhance the quality and rigor of the evaluation of webinars. Ratings on the rubric will provide an additional source of information about webinar quality for evaluating MSP projects that rely on webinars as a major program activity. Additionally, the rubric may serve as a set of guidelines or planning checklist for MSP project staff during the preparation phase of webinar activities. This document includes the webinar rubric, a users guide, and a list of considerations and reflection questions for use by webinar organizers in preparation for and self-assessment of their webinars.
Copyright © 2015 by Arlene Mitchell, Michael J. Culbertson, John T. Sutton and RMC Research Corporation.


eBay item specifics such as size, features, type, colour and material help eBay buyers to filter search results. Item specifics also appear at the top of your eBay listing description giving buyers a clear overview of your item.
When you are logged into WooCommerce, the attributes settings are located under the Products tab.
To add a new attribute. Fill in the "name" of the attribute, the slug (which is lowercase without punctuation or spaces). Once you have filled these out with the relevant values click "Add Attribute"
You need to add the name of the attribute not the individual options - these individual options are added in the next step (eg red, blue, yellow etc).
You will now see the Attribute on the right of the Attribute page. Click on "Configure terms"
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This step can also been done when creating new products.


Shoal Creek STEAM Academy is committed to providing a safe and secure environment. In addition, a proper learning atmosphere is essential for the education of each student.
Dress for Success Standard Attire is an effective strategy to promote enhanced student appearance and behavior, which are key ingredients of a positive learning environment in which student safety and achievement are the highest priorities.
Shoal Creek STEAM Academy School Council has adopted a standard dress code. Students are expected to wear Standard Attire during the 2017-2018 school year.
Tops Shirts with short or long sleeves and a collar (polo, dress-style with button) should be button up or collar style shirts. In suggested solid colors: blue, green or yellow.
*All shirts should be properly buttoned and sized.
Bottoms can be pants, shorts, Capri pants, skirts, skorts or jumpers. In suggested solid colors: khaki, navy, or black.
Shoes For P.E. and playground safety we ask that students always wear rubber soled tennis shoes.
to wear blue jeans and a Shoal Creek T-shirt on their free day.
Standard Attire is sold at several local stores as well as many places online.
If you have any concerns or questions feel free to ask in the front office. Someone will be glad to assist you.
We are aiming to have 100% Standard Attire at our school! Please help your child choose appropriate Standard Attire and help us make sure our focus at school is on learning and excelling! Thank you!


text:
Embassy of Ukraine in the Kingdom of Belgium
MFA website
Ukraine in Belgium
Speeches and Statements
History of the Embassy
Ukraine and Belgium
The Book of Condolences
Trade and Economic cooperation
Scientific and tеchnical cooperation
Consular issues
Visa requirements for foreigners entering Ukraine
Certification of public documents
Adoption of children
Sworn translators
PROCEDURE OF MEDIA ACCREDITATION (till 10/07/2019) | 02 July, 16:54
Ceremony of commemorating Soviet and Belgian heroes, who died for the liberation of Belgium from the Nazi invaders. Brussels. | 08 May, 19:21
Commemorating of Holodomor victims in Brussels | 26 November 2018, 16:38
Commemorative event in Genk, in memory of those innocent Ukrainians who died during Holodomor 1932-33 | 26 November 2018, 16:26
4th Festival of Ukrainian Song in Antwerp | 18 November 2018, 18:49
On November 11, the Russian occupation administration made an attempt to legitimize the new Kremlin`s puppets in the temporarily occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. | 15 November 2018, 12:03
On October 21, 2018, Ambassador of Ukraine to Belgium Mykola Tochytskyi, Reverend Bishop Borys Gudziak and Honorable Consul of Ukraine in the province of Limburg Kris Beckers laid flowers at the monument to the victims of Holodomor 1932-1933 | 22 October 2018, 18:47
The global action "Let's Light the Candle of Memory!" which was held on October 20 in Brussels | 20 October 2018, 21:38
Celebration in Genk: "More than 70 years of common life: the history of the Ukrainian immigration to Limburg" | 20 October 2018, 10:15
Ukrainian combat team victorious in Belgium
On the occasion of Independence day diplomatic missions of Ukraine in Brussels held the reception in the European Parliament
The exhibition "Ukraine today: defense against aggression, struggle for peace, freedom and democracy" was opened in Luxembourg
Representatives of the Embassy of Ukraine to the Kingdom of Belgium and the Mission of Ukraine to NATO took part in the celebration of the Ukrainian national days, that were held on 16- 20 March, 2015 at the College of Europe in Brugge
European artists support Ukraine in its struggle against Russian aggression
Opening of the exhibition "Alternative. Ukraine - reality and future"
On the 30th of November, 2014 in Brussels the service ceremony was held in the Cathedral of St. Michael and Huduly to honor the memory of victims of Holodomor in 1932-33
Independence Day of Ukraine in Brussels
The ceremonial raising of the National Flag of Ukraine
The 22nd Anniversary of Ukraine's Military forces
Briefings and Videocomments
Reply of Ukraine's Foreign Ministry Spokesperson, Ms. Kateryna Zelenko to media requests regarding the situation in Georgia | 21 June, 14:20
Reply from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Spokesperson to questions from the media regarding Russia's announcement of an "agreed upon visit" of the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Ms. Dunja Mijatović, to the temporarily occupi | 12 June, 12:21
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Daily Briefing | 21 April 2015, 17:23
Russia avoids responsibility for human rights violations | 16 July 2015, 16:15
Mykola Tochytskyi
Address: 30-32, Av. A.Lancaster, B-1180 Bruxelles, Belgique. View on map
Phone: +32(0)2-379-21-11
Fax: +32(0)2-379-21-79
Email: emb_be@mfa.gov.ua
Website: /belgium.mfa.gov.ua
Business Opportunities in Ukraine
A.AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING
B.MINING AND QUARRYING
C.MANUFACTURING
D.ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND AIR CONDITIONING SUPPLY
E.WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND REMEDIATION ACTIVITIES
F.CONSTRUCTION
G.WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTORCYCLES
H.TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
I.ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICE ACTIVITIES
J.INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
K.FINANCIAL AND INSURANCE ACTIVITIES
L.REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES
M.PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
N.ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT SERVICE ACTIVITIES
O.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE; COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY
P.EDUCATION
Q.HUMAN HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK ACTIVITIES
R.ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION
S.OTHER SERVICE ACTIVITIES
T.ACTIVITIES OF HOUSEHOLDS AS EMPLOYERS; UNDIFFERENTIATED GOODS- AND SERVICES-PRODUCING ACTIVITIES OF HOUSEHOLDS FOR OWN USE
U.ACTIVITIES OF EXTRATERRITORIAL ORGANISATIONS AND BODIES
Russia's military aggression against Ukraine
Peculiarities of conducting of strategic command-post exercise "Caucasus-2016"
PECULIARITIES OF THE SITUATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
Servicemen of the Russian Armed Forces who are suspected in war crimes in Ukraine

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